text:
Q: How to disable shorthands inside my command? On the question, How to have a dynamic \cft numwidth, i.e., accordingly to the number size?, I got an answer to automatically calculate the width of my List of Listings number, so the next figure does not happens while the number grow:

It is working fine except on my main document because I use \usepackage{hyphenat}\useshorthands{~}\defineshorthand{~=}{\hyp{}}, which makes the ~ an active character and when the code which computes the width of the list of listings numbers run, it throws the error: Argument of \user@active@arg~ has an extra }. (reference).
I tried putting \shorthandoff{~} and \shorthandoff{~} around the commands which calculate the width, but it does not worked the the error persists:
How can I disable the shorthand only when width of the list of listings number are being computed/calculated?
\PassOptionsToPackage{french}{babel}
\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper,twoside]{abntex2}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{caption,listings}

\usepackage{hyphenat}
\useshorthands{~}\defineshorthand{~=}{\hyp{}} % <--- Here breaks everything

\makeatletter
% get rid of the one listings may have provided
\let\lstlistoflistings\relax

% whatever this does, it seems to work
\begingroup
\let\newcounter\@gobble\let\setcounter\@gobbletwo
\globaldefs\@ne \let\c@loldepth\@ne
\newlistof{listings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}
\newlistof{lstlistoflistings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}
\newlistentry{lstlisting}{lol}{0}
\endgroup

\newlength\widestlistings

% use the hook in numberline to gather the width of the widest number
\renewcommand*\numberlinehook[1]{%
  \shorthandoff{~}
  \expandafter\nametest\expandafter{\cftwhatismyname}{lstlisting}%
  \ifsamename%
    \settowidth\@tempdimc{\@nameuse{cft\cftwhatismyname font}#1}%
    \ifdim\@tempdimc>\widestlistings\relax
       \global\widestlistings=\@tempdimc
    \fi
  \fi
  \shorthandon{~}
}

% widest number in the aux to be used on the next pass
\renewcommand\cftlolafterlisthook{
  \shorthandoff{~}
  \typeout{w: \the\widestlistings}
  \immediate\write\@mainaux{\string\gdef\string\savedlolwidth{\the\widestlistings}}
  \shorthandon{~}
}

% prefix listing entries
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingname{\lstlistingname~}%

% autoadjust the width of the numwidth box, delayed so we can access the saved number
\AtBeginDocument{
  \setlength\cftlstlistingnumwidth{%
    \dimexpr\@ifundefined{savedlolwidth}{1em}{\@nameuse{savedlolwidth}}
    +2em
  }%
}
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingaftersnum{\hfill\textendash\hfill}%

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\lstlistoflistings*

Source~=code shorthand.

% \newpage

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Listing A}]
# If the body of the namespace is longer than this
# number, it won't be indented. Requires
\end{lstlisting}
% \newpage

\setcounter{lstlisting}{1000}

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Listing B}]
# If the body of the namespace is longer than this
# number, it won't be indented. Requires
\end{lstlisting}
% \newpage

\end{document}

Update
I also tried to delay the usage of the macro as suggested on Why \shorthandon and \shorthandoff cannot be embedded in other macros?, but it does not worked.
% use the hook in numberline to gather the width of the widest number
\renewcommand*\numberlinehook{%
  \shorthandoff{~}
  \numberlinehookshorthandoff
}

\newcommand{\numberlinehookshorthandoff}[1]{
  \expandafter\nametest\expandafter{\cftwhatismyname}{lstlisting}%
  \ifsamename%
    \settowidth\@tempdimc{\@nameuse{cft\cftwhatismyname font}#1}%
    \ifdim\@tempdimc>\widestlistings\relax
       \global\widestlistings=\@tempdimc
    \fi
  \fi
}

\renewcommand\cftlolafterlisthook{
  \shorthandoff{~}
  \cftlolafterlisthookshorthandoff
}

% widest number in the aux to be used on the next pass
\newcommand{\cftlolafterlisthookshorthandoff}{
  \typeout{w: \the\widestlistings}
  \immediate\write\@mainaux{\string\gdef\string\savedlolwidth{\the\widestlistings}}
  \shorthandon{~}
}

A: The error here doesn't pop up when the widths of the entries in the list of listings are calculated, but whenever an ~ is used in the code to typeset a non-breakable space. In your example this occurs at two locations:

*

*When the Listing X entries are printed in the list of listings.

*When the Listing X caption is printed for each individual listing.

What we need to do to fix these problems is to keep the original meaning of ~ and restore it locally. We store the meaning before babel is loaded:
\makeatletter \let\tilde@space=~ \makeatother

The problem in the list of listings can be fixed by redefining \cftlstlistingname to use the original ~:
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingname{\lstlistingname\tilde@space}

For the individual listing captions we redefine the starting part of the lstlisting environment and restore the original ~ meaning locally:
\let\orig@lstlisting=\lstlisting
\renewcommand\lstlisting{\let~=\tilde@space \orig@lstlisting}

You perhaps shouldn't use ~= as a shorthand command, because many packages rely on the original definition of ~. Sooner or later you will likely run into more places that break.
Full updated example:
\makeatletter
\let\tilde@space=~
\makeatother

\PassOptionsToPackage{french}{babel}
\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper,twoside]{abntex2}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{caption,listings}

\usepackage{hyphenat}
\useshorthands{~}\defineshorthand{~=}{\hyp{}} % <--- Here breaks everything

\makeatletter
% get rid of the one listings may have provided
\let\lstlistoflistings\relax

% whatever this does, it seems to work
\begingroup
\let\newcounter\@gobble\let\setcounter\@gobbletwo
\globaldefs\@ne \let\c@loldepth\@ne
\newlistof{listings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}
\newlistof{lstlistoflistings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}
\newlistentry{lstlisting}{lol}{0}
\endgroup

\newlength\widestlistings

% use the hook in numberline to gather the width of the widest number
\renewcommand*\numberlinehook[1]{%
  \shorthandoff{~}
  \expandafter\nametest\expandafter{\cftwhatismyname}{lstlisting}%
  \ifsamename%
    \settowidth\@tempdimc{\@nameuse{cft\cftwhatismyname font}#1}%
    \ifdim\@tempdimc>\widestlistings\relax
       \global\widestlistings=\@tempdimc
    \fi
  \fi
  \shorthandon{~}
}

% widest number in the aux to be used on the next pass
\renewcommand\cftlolafterlisthook{
  \shorthandoff{~}
  \typeout{w: \the\widestlistings}
  \immediate\write\@mainaux{\string\gdef\string\savedlolwidth{\the\widestlistings}}
  \shorthandon{~}
}

% prefix listing entries
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingname{\lstlistingname~}%

% autoadjust the width of the numwidth box, delayed so we can access the saved number
\AtBeginDocument{
  \setlength\cftlstlistingnumwidth{%
    \dimexpr\@ifundefined{savedlolwidth}{1em}{\@nameuse{savedlolwidth}}
    +2em
  }%
}
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingaftersnum{\hfill\textendash\hfill}%

\renewcommand\cftlstlistingname{\lstlistingname\tilde@space}
\let\orig@lstlisting=\lstlisting
\renewcommand\lstlisting{\let~=\tilde@space \orig@lstlisting}

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\lstlistoflistings*

Source~=code shorthand.

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Listing A}]
# If the body of the namespace is longer than this
# number, it won't be indented. Requires
\end{lstlisting}

\setcounter{lstlisting}{1000}

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Listing B}]
# If the body of the namespace is longer than this
# number, it won't be indented. Requires
\end{lstlisting}

Source~=code shorthand.

\end{document}

A: I also managed to make a solution which works just by appending a trailing empty {} group to the tilde ~ when it is used as the last symbol, just be before a close brace:
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingname{\lstlistingname~{}}

\PassOptionsToPackage{french}{babel}
\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper,twoside]{abntex2}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{caption,listings}

\usepackage{hyphenat}
\useshorthands{~}\defineshorthand{~=}{\hyp{}}

% get rid of the one listings may have provided
\makeatletter
\let\lstlistoflistings\relax

% whatever this does, it seems to work
\begingroup
  \let\newcounter\@gobble\let\setcounter\@gobbletwo
  \globaldefs\@ne \let\c@loldepth\@ne
  \newlistof{listings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}
  \newlistof{lstlistoflistings}{lol}{\lstlistlistingname}
  \newlistentry{lstlisting}{lol}{0}
\endgroup

\newlength\widestlistings

% use the hook in numberline to gather the width of the widest number
\renewcommand*\numberlinehook[1]{%
  \expandafter\nametest\expandafter{\cftwhatismyname}{lstlisting}%
  \ifsamename%
    \shorthandoff{~}
      \settowidth\@tempdimc{\@nameuse{cft\cftwhatismyname font}#1}%
    \shorthandon{~}
    \ifdim\@tempdimc>\widestlistings\relax
       \global\widestlistings=\@tempdimc
    \fi
  \fi
}

% save the widest number in the aux file to be used on the next pass
\renewcommand\cftlolafterlisthook{
  \typeout{The widest listings number is: \the\widestlistings}
  \immediate\write\@mainaux{\string\gdef\string\savedlolwidth{\the\widestlistings}}
}

% prefix listing entries
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingname{\lstlistingname~{}}

% autoadjust the width of the numwidth box, delayed so we can access the saved number
\AtBeginDocument{
  \setlength\cftlstlistingnumwidth{%
    \dimexpr\@ifundefined{savedlolwidth}{1em}{\@nameuse{savedlolwidth}}
    +2em
  }%
}
\renewcommand\cftlstlistingaftersnum{\hfill\textendash\hfill}%

\makeatother

\begin{document}

\lstlistoflistings*

Source~=code shorthand.

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Listing~=A}]
# If the body of the namespace is longer than this
# number, it won't be indented. Requires
\end{lstlisting}

\setcounter{lstlisting}{1000}

\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Listing~=B}]
# If the body of the namespace is longer than this
# number, it won't be indented. Requires
\end{lstlisting}

Source~=code shorthand.

\end{document}

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So...my friend is consuming All the Pretty Horses on audiobook. Sadly, it is not narrated by Cormac McCarthy, which would have actually induced me try another of his trilogy on audio after all. I wonder if he sounds like his laconic characters? However, it is actually narrated by Frank Muller who is an AUDIOBOOK STAR! Who knew there even was such a thing? Wikipedia says: "Muller won the 2003 Audie Award for Best Male Narrator for his reading of Elmore Leonard's Tishomingo Blues".
I guess he has a really "American" voice. And it does pique my interest in the audiobook star reader category. (OMG - what next?) The box is open for suggestions.
How can I be so late getting around to such an old technology? Does that mean I won't understand the iPad?


text:
AFFOA (7)
America Makes (7)
BioFabUSA (9)
IACMI (6)
MxD (8)
NextFlex (7)
Biofabrication (1)
BioFabUSA, BioMADE, NIIMBL
Bioengineering, Biofabrication, Biomanufacturing, Biopharmaceutical, COVID-19, Synthetic Biology, Workforce
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT: Biomanufacturing to Advance the Bioeconomy
Advances in biotechnology over the past decade have led to an explosion of innovative new products that touch many aspects of American life, from novel RNA vaccines and cell-based medicines, to engineered meats and plants, to fuels and chemicals made from renewable resources, and much more. Science and engineering continue to unveil new ways of...
Manufacturing USA
Manufacturing, Reports
MFG USA Report to Congress: Fiscal Year 2021
The Manufacturing USA® network continues to secure U.S. global leadership in advanced manufacturing through public-private collaboration on technology, supply chain and workforce development. This work enhances the nation's industrial competitiveness, economic growth, and national security.
In FY 2021, the Manufacturing USA network collaborated...
New NIIMBL Whitepaper Addresses Innovation for Today's Biopharma Talent Pipeline
The National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL) issues Innovation of the Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Talent Pipeline, a whitepaper addressing the innovation needs and concerns fueling the employment gap in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The whitepaper proposes solutions that will directly assist...
2022 Manufacturing USA Highlights Report
As domestic and international challenges continue to affect U.S. public health, the economy, and national security, the advanced manufacturing sector is responding. Innovative, resilient and sustainable manufacturing systems are transforming the U.S. to become stronger, smarter, greener, and more secure.
Manufacturing USA®, a national network of...
National Strategy for Advanced Manufacturing
This 2022 National Strategy for Advanced Manufacturing, developed by the Subcommittee on Advanced Manufacturing (SAM) following extensive public outreach, is based on a vision for United States leadership in advanced manufacturing that will grow the economy, create quality jobs, enhance environmental sustainability, address climate change...
First Annual Report on Progress Towards Implementation of the American Pandemic Preparedness Plan
At the time of publication of this report, coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the lives of over 1 million Americans—and more than 6.4 million around the world—with many recovered patients living with long-term effects. As staggering as the losses of the last nearly 3 years have been, COVID-19 was a moderate pandemic, and as a result...
A Strategy for the CHIPS for America Fund
This document describes the U.S. Department of Commerce's implementation strategy for the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Fund, a $50 billion investment to catalyze long-term growth in the domestic semiconductor industry in support of our national and economic security.
The Department of Commerce (the...
Biomanufacturing, Biopharmaceutical
NIIMBL Annual Report 2021 - 2022
This Annual Report covers NIIMBL's accomplishments from March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022.
The NIIMBL mission is to accelerate biopharmaceutical manufacturing innovation, support the development of standards that enable more efficient and rapid manufacturing capabilities, and educate and train a world-leading biopharmaceutical manufacturing...
Advanced Manufacturing: Innovation Institutes Report Technology Progress and Members Report Satisfaction with Their Involvement
The Departments of Commerce, Defense (DOD), and Energy (DOE) have established a network of innovation institutes—known as Manufacturing USA institutes—to promote research, development, and commercialization of advanced manufacturing technologies. Manufacturing USA institutes reported making progress toward achieving their technology goals. Progress...
Lightweight Materials, Workforce
Survey Shows Manufacturers See Smarter Manufacturing As the Future, Require Key Partnerships To Succeed
LIFT, the Detroit-based, Department of Defense-supported national manufacturing innovation institute in the Manufacturing USA network, together with LIFT Platinum Members Siemens and Kearney as well as LIFT partner SME, today released the results of a survey of U.S. manufacturers gauging their preparedness and location on the journey toward a...
Manufacturing USA Highlights Report Released
This past year brought the country and our world unprecedented challenges, which now present opportunities to innovate and build a new path forward. Using lessons from this year, the manufacturing industry is poised to undergo a transformation.
Supporting this work are the institutes that are part of Manufacturing USA®, a national network of public...
Process Intensification
The RAPID Manufacturing Institute® Releases Fall 2021 Institute Report
The RAPID Manufacturing Institute® has released its Fall 2021 Institute Report. Currently in year five of operation, RAPID has built strong partnerships with its members to rethink how process development and manufacturing happen in the process industries. RAPID and its members continue to develop new PI-enabled and modular process operations that...
This annual report to Congress provides updates on the Manufacturing USA network response to COVID-19, as well as manufacturing technology development and workforce impacts from across the manufacturing innovation institutes.
Manufacturing USA represents a "whole-of-government" approach towards the innovation and development of advanced...
Ensuring Manufacturing USA Reaches Its Potential
President Biden made advanced manufacturing a major policy priority during his campaign, including calling for a significant expansion of manufacturing programs to reach 50 communities through new manufacturing-technology hubs. Expanded manufacturing programs will invest in our nation's long-term competitive innovation capacity. However, building...
COVID-19, Manufacturing, Recycling, Reuse, Workforce
REMADE Institute Impact Report 2020
REMADE, the Manufacturing USA institute dedicated to leading the U.S. transition from an unsustainable linear economy to a sustainable Circular Economy, has released its 2020 Impact Report detailing accomplishments from its fourth year of operation. The institute has collaborated with more than 90 partners—including manufacturers, universities, and...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There is a difference between asthma, the disease, and asthma, the symptoms. And although doctors and asthmatics understand that traffic pollution triggers asthma symptoms, a recent study shows that the impact of traffic pollution on asthma — the disease — has been underestimated, and is significant.
Asthma causes are the things that cause a person to develop the underlying disease known as asthma. Asthma triggers, on the other hand, are the things that cause a person with asthma to develop symptoms such as wheezing and coughing, also known as an asthma attack.
Asthma triggers are relatively well understood. They include things like tobacco smoke, pets, traffic pollution, power plant pollution, diesel exhaust, pesticides, dust mites, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as those found in paint and household cleaners. But the causes of asthma are more elusive. Asthma, the disease, is generally understood to be an inflammatory disease caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors.
In recent years, however, the picture has been getting clearer. Public health research on the effects of air pollution has found that exposure to some pollutants, such as diesel exhaust, not only triggers asthma attacks but also actually causes the development of the underlying disease in some people. At the same time, communities have noticed (and researchers have confirmed) that people living near obvious sources of air pollution, such as busy highways, bus depots, and refineries, have more asthma than people living farther from these pollution sources.
"Causal" is an important word in public health, and it's not entered into lightly in a peer-reviewed journal. Researchers can detect "associations" and "correlations" till they're blue in the face, but that doesn't prove anything about causality. Living near traffic may go together with having asthma, but who's to say that one causes the other? It takes a lot of careful research to determine that these two things are related in a causal way.
Once we accept that living near traffic causes asthma, it alters the way we understand the disease. The group that looked at asthma in LA showed us how. Using data on traffic pollution, asthma, and location of residence, they calculated that 8% of all childhood asthma in LA county is caused at least in part by living near a major roadway. In other words, traffic pollution in Los Angeles has caused more than 27,000 otherwise healthy children to develop asthma.
Although this study did not discuss other cities, it is likely that other densely population urban areas also face an increased asthma burden due to people living near major roads.
According to the EPA, over 45 million Americans live less than 300 feet from a highway. How many otherwise healthy children have developed asthma as a result?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 million children have asthma. How many of those children have asthma because of traffic pollution? If it's 8%, as the researchers calculated for Los Angeles, that would mean that 560,000 children in the US have asthma because of their exposure to traffic pollution.
Asthma has multiple causes, and many possible triggers. Many of these (smoking, home pesticide use, dust mites) are things we can control. But to the extent that traffic pollution causes asthma, we need to work together as a Force. Whether it's making sure that urban planning initiatives consider the implications of siting housing near highways, or building mass transit infrastructure that reduces traffic pollution, or requiring our car fleet to innovate toward cleaner technology, we need to make sure that policies are put in place that protect our kids from this cause of illness.


text:
Need for travel visas sinks to an all-time low globally
Alex Butler
The share of tourists needing a visa to travel is at its lowest point ever, according to the most recent visa openness report, released this month by the United Nation's World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
Passports from around the world.
In 2015, 39% of the world's population could travel for tourism purposes without needing to obtain a traditional visa before leaving, compared to 23% in 2008.
About 18% of the world's population was able to travel without a visa in 2015, while 15% could get a visa on arrival and 6% could get eVisas.
The UNWTO advocates for the need to advance the ease of travel "as a means to promote tourism development and multiply its socio-economic benefits".
The report notes that many travellers see visas as a formality with a cost. If the costs, which include both the price and the length and complexity of the process, are too much, travellers are deterred from making that journey. Inadequate visa policies can stifle a country's tourism sector, according to the UNWTO.
There is much disparity between which countries are open to tourists without visa requirements, as some let almost anyone enter freely, while others require almost all nations to get a visa.
Emerging economies are more open to tourists than advanced ones, according to the report. South-East Asian, East African, Caribbean and Oceanian destinations are the most open to tourists without visa, and in contrast, Central African, North African and North American are the strictest when it comes to requiring visas.
The UNWTO's Secretary-General, Taleb Rifai, said in a statement that current security challenges shouldn't deter countries from advancing visa facilitation.
"On the contrary, enhancing security and facilitating tourism travel should always go hand in hand".
Read more: Kenya drops park fees and announces free visas for under 16s
Brazil waives visa fees to encourage Olympic tourism
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{% extends '_base.html' %}
{% load form_helpers %}

{% block content %}

{% block title %}{% endblock %}

<form action="." method="post" class="form form-horizontal">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% if request.POST.return_url %}
        <input type="hidden" name="return_url" value="{{ request.POST.return_url }}" />
    {% endif %}
    {% for field in form.hidden_fields %}
        {{ field }}
    {% endfor %}

{% block selected_objects_title %}{{ selected_objects|length }} Selected For Editing{% endblock %}

                    {% block selected_objects_table %}{% endblock %}

            {% if form.non_field_errors %}

Errors

                        {{ form.non_field_errors }}

            {% endif %}

{% block form_title %}Attributes{% endblock %}

                    {% for field in form.visible_fields %}
                        {% if field.name in form.nullable_fields %}
                            {% render_field field bulk_nullable=True %}
                        {% else %}
                            {% render_field field %}
                        {% endif %}
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" name="_apply" class="btn btn-primary">Apply</button>
                    Cancel

</form>
{% endblock %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
George Brindsley McSween (1919 – September 18, 1957), known as Sir Galba, was a Grenada-born calypso singer and recording artist in the 1940s and 1950s.

He was born George Brindsley McSween in the village of Birchgrove, St. Andrews, Grenada, in 1919. A troubled man, he had a relatively brief career and life, but Galba is remembered for his outstanding calypsos and contributions to the development of the calypso scene in Trinidad. He stabbed someone in a nightclub in 1952 and five years later, after stabbing his girlfriend, he committed suicide on 18 September 1957.

Career

It is not known why he took the calypsonian name of "Sir Galba." Perhaps he named himself after the Roman Emperor Servius Sulpicius Galba (3 BCE-CE 69) who only reigned for seven months from 8 June 68, until he was assassinated on 7 January 69. On the other hand, he could have been named after the galba tree Calophyllum antillanum which is noted for its hard wood and was a favourite for making spinning tops. "Galba could also have been named for his skill with women: a man who can "pitch galba" is skilled in delivering sexual pleasure to women."

After developing his calypso career in Trinidad, Sir Galba performed at a number of shows in Grenada in 1945 in St George's, at the Eastern Theatre in Grenville and at the Spencer Gordon Hall in Paradise, featuring fellow calypsonians Small Island Pride (Theophilius Woods), The Mighty Zebra (Charles Harris), Lord Pretender, Lord Kitchener and Lord Ziegfield (Percy Simon).

Along with fellow Grenadians Small Island Pride and Zebra, Galba made a big impact on the Trinidad calypso scene after World War II, laying the groundwork for the arrival of the Mighty Sparrow, who entered the Trinidad Calypso scene in 1954 after migrating from Grenada to Trinidad 17 years earlier as a 2-year-old in 1937.

Sir Galba became one of Trinidad's leading successful calypsonians soon after World War II, along with such greats as Kitchener, Killer, Melody, Spoiler, Viking, Zebra, Dictator, Terror, Wonder and others.

Compositions

 "Irene", which he sang in the Young Brigade Tent during the 1951 Calypso campaigns, was obviously based on the American traditional folksong "Goodbye Irene," made popular by the Weavers' 1950 version. The words to this calypso may be found at
 "Hooligans Hide Yourself"
 "Too Many Fires" recorded on a Sagomes 78 rpm disk produced in England in 1952 with Mighty Skipper singing "Talking Parrot" on the flip side.
 "Put the Knife on the Shelf"
 "Calypsonian from Toco" (Recorded in 1949)
 "Residents of Nowhere Square" (Recorded in 1949)
 "Man in the Garden Hiding" for which he was crowned Calypso King of 1952.
 "I Don't Want Any Women Police in Trinidad"
 "The Queen at Montego Bay" - He received second place for this song in an inter-island calypso contest at the Governor's House, Port of Spain, for Princess Margaret in 1955. The other five calypsonians who were chosen to sing were Lord Melody, Mighty Dictator, Mighty Spitfire, Mighty Panther, and Lord Viper.
 "Mr. Christine from Barbados" in 1954 on 78 rpm Vitadisc TC 106 with "Boys Days" by the She She Calypso Band on the flip side.
 "Bajan Diplomat." On a Vitadisc 45 rpm with a steelband playing "The Happy Wanderer" on the flip side. This recording was made some time after the movie Three Coins In the Fountain (1954), starring Clifton Webb and Dorothy McGuire.

Sir Galba was noted for his clever and humorous lyrics, although few have survived. But the calypso, the "Bajan Diplomat", taken from a recording, gives some idea of his playfulness. The calypso is partly a play on the lyrics of the popular song from the 1954 film, Three Coins in a Fountain, but mostly a humorous dig at Trinidadians and Barbadians, especially sending up the broad Barbadian accent and playing on the common West Indian myth that Barbadians were often con artists. An MP3 version may be downloaded from:

Footnotes

References

 Chusid, Irwin. (2009). "Sir Galba", Muriel's Treasure: Calypso Artifacts blog, 31 May 2007, retrieved 16 May 2009.
 Taylor, Caldwell (2008). "Sir Galba - Grenadian calypsonian of the forties and fifties", Big Drum Nation, 22 June 2008, retrieved 16 May 2009.
 Quevedo, Raymond ("Attila the Hun") (1983). Atilla's Kaiso: a short history of Trinidad calypso. 1983. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

External links
 Mighty Skipper discography
 MP3 version of 'Bajan diplomat' courtesy John Hill

1919 births
1957 suicides
Calypsonians
20th-century Trinidad and Tobago male singers
20th-century Trinidad and Tobago singers
Grenadian musicians
Grenadian emigrants to Trinidad and Tobago
Suicides in Trinidad and Tobago
1957 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Virginia Legacy Soccer Club is pleased to introduce you to Jen Mavis - who will serve as the new Girl's Program Director for the club. Jen, who brings a wealth of knowledge and experience both collegiately and at the club level will work with all the girls teams within the Virginia Legacy U10 - U19. Jen is also currently one of the Asst. Coaches for William and Mary womens program.
She will work alongside the Directors of Coaching; Kelvin Jones and Shawn Trueblood to assist them and the individual teams coaching staff with ways to keep the girls program at Legacy improving, growing and ahead of the ever changing soccer curve. Her primary focus will be on the training environment of the girls' teams and making sure they are doing things developmentally appropriate and assisting in the implementation of training programs for the girls teams. She will also be at matches and tournaments to evaluate the players throughout the year.
Jen's experience as a former club director, college player and current college coach will be instrumental In being able to help provide positive role models for our girls players as well as help assist the older players with college preparation plans.
She has already been working with the girls consistently at this springs Age Group training nights for girls 01-07.
We hope everyone will welcome her when you see her at your practices or games as she gets to know all the girls players in the Virginia Legacy Soccer Club!


A Brooklyn mother finds comic relief from domestic drudgery by inhabiting the world in guises—drag king, pole dancer, Santa Claus—managing to find moments of grace even on thankless days.
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text:
Fallout, Fallout 2, and Tactics are today's Epic Games Store freebies
Posted 1 month ago by Eric Van Allen
Just the classics
Today's Epic Games Store giveaway is here for a limited time, and it's some post-apocalyptic goodness. The original Fallout, as well as its sequel Fallout 2 and Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel are free on Epic, today through December 23.
It's all part of Epic's holiday game giveaway, which has seen some solid games go up for free on the store. Every day, Epic's been rolling out some new free games to give out for the holiday season, ranging from Lego Builder's Journey to Bloons TD 6. The 15 Days of free games, running from December 15 through 29, now adds Fallout to the mix.
Fallout and its sequel are easily western RPG classics. While the series has made the jump to 3D, these isometric games hail from the era of PC RPGs with overhead views and immense malleability. They're also fantastic, and well-worth looking into if you're only familiar with the more recent titles.
Bethesda actually held a special retrospective event earlier this year, commemorating the series and detailing its history as part of its 25th anniversary. You can find one of the earlier episodes, all about the creation of Fallout, in the video below.
A nuclear winter wonderland
If you're an Xbox Game Pass subscriber, you already have access to these games. So for those already using the service, today's freebie might not seem like much. However, I'll argue two points: it's a free game, and one that gets added to a separate library. Having a game license in a few places for the low, low price of free isn't really a bad thing.
And hey, maybe today's freebie is just a push for everyone to pick up and play some Fallout this holiday season. With Starfield set for 2023 and The Elder Scrolls next up on Bethesda's docket, it seems like we'll be waiting a bit for the next Fallout entry anyways.
Eric Van Allen
Filed under... #Bethesda#Epic Games Store#Fallout#Fallout 2#PC#retro


text:
// Copyright (c) 1997-2000  Max-Planck-Institute Saarbruecken (Germany).
// All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of CGAL (www.cgal.org).
// You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
// General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
// either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// Licensees holding a valid commercial license may use this file in
// accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the software.
//
// This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
// WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// $URL$
// $Id$
//
//
// Author(s)     : Michael Seel <seel@mpi-sb.mpg.de>
//                 Peter Hachenberger <hachenberger@mpi-sb.mpg.de>

#ifndef CGAL_SNC_SPHERE_MAP_H
#define CGAL_SNC_SPHERE_MAP_H

#include <CGAL/basic.h>
#include <CGAL/Unique_hash_map.h>
#include <CGAL/Nef_2/Object_handle.h>
#include <CGAL/Nef_S2/SM_iteration.h>
#include <CGAL/Nef_S2/Generic_handle_map.h>
#include <CGAL/Nef_2/iterator_tools.h>
#include <CGAL/Nef_3/Infimaximal_box.h>
#include <CGAL/Nef_S2/Sphere_geometry.h>
#include <list>
#undef CGAL_NEF_DEBUG
#define CGAL_NEF_DEBUG 109
#include <CGAL/Nef_2/debug.h>

namespace CGAL {

template <typename K, typename I, typename M> class SNC_structure;

template <typename HE>
struct move_shalfedge_around_svertex {
  void forward(HE& e) const { e = (e->sprev()->twin()); }
  void backward(HE& e) const { e = (e->twin()->snext()); }
};

template <typename HE>
struct move_shalfedge_around_sface {
  void forward(HE& e)  const { e = (e->snext()); }
  void backward(HE& e) const { e = (e->sprev()); }
};

template <typename Kernel_, typename Items_, typename Mark_>
class SNC_sphere_map : public Items_::template Vertex<SNC_structure<Kernel_, Items_, Mark_> >
{

 public:
  /*{\Mtypes 7}*/
  typedef SNC_sphere_map<Kernel_, Items_,Mark_>     Self;
  typedef Items_                                    Items;
  typedef Kernel_                                   Kernel;
  typedef Mark_                                     Mark;
  typedef CGAL::SNC_structure<Kernel,Items,Mark>    SNC_structure;
  typedef typename Items::template Vertex<SNC_structure>  Base;
  //  typedef bool                                        Mark;
  typedef CGAL::Sphere_geometry<Kernel>             Sphere_kernel;

  typedef typename Sphere_kernel::Sphere_point     Sphere_point;
  /*{\Mtypemember points on the unit sphere.}*/
  typedef typename Sphere_kernel::Sphere_segment   Sphere_segment;
  /*{\Mtypemember segments on the unit sphere.}*/
  typedef typename Sphere_kernel::Sphere_circle    Sphere_circle;
  /*{\Mtypemember segments on the unit sphere.}*/
  typedef typename Sphere_kernel::Sphere_direction Sphere_direction;
  /*{\Mtypemember directions on the unit sphere.}*/
  typedef size_t Size_type;
  /*{\Mtypemember size type.}*/

  typedef Infimaximal_box<typename Is_extended_kernel<Kernel>::value_type, Kernel> Infi_box;
  typedef typename Infi_box::Standard_kernel  Standard_kernel;
  typedef Infimaximal_box<typename Is_extended_kernel<Standard_kernel>::value_type, Standard_kernel> No_box;

  typedef Self                                              Vertex_base;
  typedef SNC_in_place_list_sm<Vertex_base>                 Vertex;
  typedef CGAL::In_place_list<Vertex,false>                 Vertex_list;
  typedef CGAL_ALLOCATOR(Vertex)                            Vertex_alloc;
  typedef typename Vertex_list::iterator                    Vertex_handle;
  typedef typename Vertex_list::const_iterator              Vertex_const_handle;
  typedef typename Vertex_list::iterator                    Vertex_iterator;
  typedef typename Vertex_list::const_iterator              Vertex_const_iterator;

  typedef typename Items::template SVertex<SNC_structure>   SVertex_base;
  typedef SNC_in_place_list_svertex<SVertex_base>           SVertex;
  typedef CGAL::In_place_list<SVertex,false>                SVertex_list;
  typedef CGAL_ALLOCATOR(SVertex)                           SVertex_alloc;
  typedef typename SVertex_list::iterator                   SVertex_handle;
  typedef typename SVertex_list::const_iterator             SVertex_const_handle;
  typedef typename SVertex_list::iterator                   SVertex_iterator;
  typedef typename SVertex_list::const_iterator             SVertex_const_iterator;

  typedef typename Items::template SHalfedge<SNC_structure> SHalfedge_base;
  typedef SNC_in_place_list_shalfedge<SHalfedge_base>       SHalfedge;
  typedef CGAL::In_place_list<SHalfedge,false>              SHalfedge_list;
  typedef CGAL_ALLOCATOR(SHalfedge)                         SHalfedge_alloc;
  typedef typename SHalfedge_list::iterator                 SHalfedge_handle;
  typedef typename SHalfedge_list::const_iterator           SHalfedge_const_handle;
  typedef typename SHalfedge_list::iterator                 SHalfedge_iterator;
  typedef typename SHalfedge_list::const_iterator           SHalfedge_const_iterator;

  typedef typename Items::template SHalfloop<SNC_structure> SHalfloop_base;
  typedef SNC_in_place_list_shalfloop<SHalfloop_base>       SHalfloop;
  typedef CGAL::In_place_list<SHalfloop,false>              SHalfloop_list;
  typedef CGAL_ALLOCATOR(SHalfloop)                         SHalfloop_alloc;
  typedef typename SHalfloop_list::iterator                 SHalfloop_handle;
  typedef typename SHalfloop_list::const_iterator           SHalfloop_const_handle;
  typedef typename SHalfloop_list::iterator                 SHalfloop_iterator;
  typedef typename SHalfloop_list::const_iterator           SHalfloop_const_iterator;

  typedef typename Items::template SFace<SNC_structure>     SFace_base;
  typedef SNC_in_place_list_sface<SFace_base>               SFace;
  typedef CGAL::In_place_list<SFace,false>                  SFace_list;
  typedef CGAL_ALLOCATOR(SFace)                             SFace_alloc;
  typedef typename SFace_list::iterator                     SFace_handle;
  typedef typename SFace_list::const_iterator               SFace_const_handle;
  typedef typename SFace_list::iterator                     SFace_iterator;
  typedef typename SFace_list::const_iterator               SFace_const_iterator;

  typedef CGAL::Object_handle Object_handle;
  typedef std::list<Object_handle>    Object_list;
  typedef Object_list::iterator       Object_iterator;
  typedef Object_list::const_iterator Object_const_iterator;
  typedef Object_list::const_iterator Object_const_handle;

  typedef Vertex_handle       Constructor_parameter;
  typedef Vertex_const_handle Constructor_const_parameter;
  using Base::init_range; // AF add CR
 public:
  SNC_sphere_map(bool construct=false) : Base(), destruct(construct) {
    if(!construct) return;
    this->sncp() = new SNC_structure;
    init_range(this->sncp()->svertices_end());
    init_range(this->sncp()->shalfedges_end());
    init_range(this->sncp()->sfaces_end());
    this->shalfloop() = this->sncp()->shalfloops_end();
  }

  ~SNC_sphere_map() { if(destruct) delete this->sncp(); }

  SNC_sphere_map(const Base& v) : Base(v), destruct(false) {}
  SNC_sphere_map(const Self& M) : Base((Base) M), destruct(M.destruct) {}

  Self& operator=(const Self& M) {
    destruct = M.destruct;
    Base* b(this);
    *b = M;
    return *this;
  }

  void clear(bool clear_base=false) {
    if(clear_base) Base::clear();
  }

  template <typename H>
  bool is_sm_boundary_object(H h) const
  { return this->sncp()->is_sm_boundary_object(h); }

  template <typename H>
  Object_iterator& sm_boundary_item(H h)
  { return this->sncp()->sm_boundary_item(h); }

  template <typename H>
  void store_sm_boundary_item(H h, Object_iterator o)
  { this->sncp()->store_sm_boundary_item(h,o); }

  template <typename H>
  void undef_sm_boundary_item(H h)
  { this->sncp()->undef_sm_boundary_item(h); }

  void reset_sm_iterator_hash(Object_iterator it)
  { SVertex_handle sv;
    SHalfedge_handle se;
    SHalfloop_handle sl;
    if ( CGAL::assign(se,*it) ) {
      if( is_sm_boundary_object(se))
	undef_sm_boundary_item(se);
      return;
    }
    if ( CGAL::assign(sl,*it) ) {
      if( is_sm_boundary_object(sl))
	undef_sm_boundary_item(sl);
      return;
    }
    if ( CGAL::assign(sv,*it) ) {
      if( is_sm_boundary_object(sv))
	undef_sm_boundary_item(sv);
      return;
    }
  }

  void reset_sm_object_list(Object_list& L)
  { Object_iterator oit;
    CGAL_forall_iterators(oit,L) reset_sm_iterator_hash(oit);
    L.clear();
  }

  class SFace_cycle_iterator : public Object_iterator
  /*{\Mtypemember a generic iterator to an object in the boundary
  of a sface. Convertible to |Object_handle|.}*/
  { typedef Object_iterator Ibase;
  public:
    SFace_cycle_iterator() : Ibase() {}
    SFace_cycle_iterator(const Ibase& b) : Ibase(b) {}
    SFace_cycle_iterator(const SFace_cycle_iterator& i) : Ibase(i) {}
    bool is_svertex() const
    { SVertex_handle v; return CGAL::assign(v,Ibase::operator*()); }
    bool is_shalfedge() const
    { SHalfedge_handle e; return CGAL::assign(e,Ibase::operator*()); }
    bool is_shalfloop() const
    { SHalfloop_handle l; return CGAL::assign(l,Ibase::operator*()); }
    operator SVertex_handle() const
    { SVertex_handle v; CGAL::assign(v,Ibase::operator*()); return v; }
    operator SHalfedge_handle() const
    { SHalfedge_handle e; CGAL::assign(e,Ibase::operator*()); return e; }
    operator SHalfloop_handle() const
    { SHalfloop_handle l; CGAL::assign(l,Ibase::operator*()); return l; }

    operator Object_handle() const { return Ibase::operator*(); }
    Object_handle& operator*() const { return Ibase::operator*(); }
    Object_handle  operator->() const
    { CGAL_assertion_msg(0,"not impl."); return Object_handle(); }
  };

  class SFace_cycle_const_iterator : public Object_const_iterator
  /*{\Mtypemember a generic iterator to an object in the boundary
  of a facet. Convertible to |Object_handle|.}*/
  { typedef Object_const_iterator Ibase;
  public:
    SFace_cycle_const_iterator() : Ibase() {}
    SFace_cycle_const_iterator(const Ibase& b) : Ibase(b) {}
    SFace_cycle_const_iterator(const SFace_cycle_const_iterator& i)
      : Ibase(i) {}
    bool is_svertex() const
    { SVertex_handle v; return CGAL::assign(v,Ibase::operator*()); }
    bool is_shalfedge() const
    { SHalfedge_handle e; return CGAL::assign(e,Ibase::operator*()); }
    bool is_shalfloop() const
    { SHalfloop_handle l; return CGAL::assign(l,Ibase::operator*()); }
    operator SVertex_const_handle() const
    { SVertex_handle v; CGAL::assign(v,Ibase::operator*());
      return SVertex_const_handle(v); }
    operator SHalfedge_const_handle() const
    { SHalfedge_handle e; CGAL::assign(e,Ibase::operator*());
      return SHalfedge_const_handle(e); }
    operator SHalfloop_const_handle() const
    { SHalfloop_handle l; CGAL::assign(l,Ibase::operator*());
      return SHalfloop_const_handle(l); }

    operator Object_handle() const { return Ibase::operator*(); }
    const Object_handle& operator*() const { return Ibase::operator*(); }
    Object_handle  operator->() const
    { CGAL_assertion_msg(0,"not impl."); return Object_handle(); }
  };

  SFace_cycle_const_iterator sface_cycles_begin(SFace_const_handle f) const
  { return f->sface_cycles_begin(); }
  SFace_cycle_const_iterator sface_cycles_end(SFace_const_handle f) const
  { return f->sface_cycles_end(); }
  SFace_cycle_iterator sface_cycles_begin(SFace_handle f) const
  { return f->sface_cycles_begin(); }
  SFace_cycle_iterator sface_cycles_end(SFace_handle f) const
  { return f->sface_cycles_end(); }

 typedef CircFromIt<
        SHalfedge_const_iterator,
        move_shalfedge_around_svertex<SHalfedge_const_iterator> >
        SHalfedge_around_svertex_const_circulator;

  typedef CircFromIt<
        SHalfedge_const_iterator,
        move_shalfedge_around_sface<SHalfedge_const_iterator> >
        SHalfedge_around_sface_const_circulator;

  typedef CircFromIt<
        SHalfedge_iterator,
        move_shalfedge_around_svertex<SHalfedge_iterator> >
        SHalfedge_around_svertex_circulator;

  typedef CircFromIt<
        SHalfedge_iterator,
        move_shalfedge_around_sface<SHalfedge_iterator> >
        SHalfedge_around_sface_circulator;

  bool empty() const {
    return this->number_of_svertices() == 0 &&
      this->number_of_shalfedges() == 0 &&
      this->number_of_shalfloops() == 0 &&
      this->number_of_sfaces() == 0;
  }

  /*
  bool has_shalfloop() const {
    return shalfloop_ != 0;
  }

  SHalfloop_handle shalfloop() const {
    return shalfloop_;
  }
  */

  template <typename H>
  void make_twins(H h1, H h2) {
    h1->twin() = h2;
    h2->twin() = h1;
  }

  SVertex_handle new_svertex(const Sphere_point& p,
			   Mark m = Mark()) {
    SVertex_iterator sv;
    if (this->svertices_begin() == this->sncp()->svertices_end()) {
      sv = this->sncp()->new_halfedge_only();
      init_range(sv);
    }
    else {
      SVertex_iterator svn = this->svertices_end();
      sv =  this->sncp()->new_halfedge_only(svn);
      this->svertices_last() = sv;
    }
    sv->point() = p;
    sv->mark() = m;
    sv->center_vertex() = Vertex_handle((SNC_in_place_list_sm<Self>*) this);
    CGAL_NEF_TRACEN("new_svertex "<<&*sv);
    return sv;
  }
  /*
  SFace_handle new_sface() {
    SFace_iterator sf =  this->sncp()->new_sface_only();
    if ( this->sfaces_begin() == this->sncp()->sfaces_end()) init_range(sf);
    else this->sfaces_last() = sf;
    sf->center_vertex() = Vertex_handle((SNC_in_place_list_sm<Self>*) this);
    return sf;
  }
  */
  SFace_handle new_sface() {
    SFace_iterator sf;
    if ( this->sfaces_begin() == this->sncp()->sfaces_end()) {
      sf =  this->sncp()->new_sface_only();
      init_range(sf);
    } else {
      SFace_iterator sfn = this->sfaces_end();
      sf =  this->sncp()->new_sface_only(sfn);
      this->sfaces_last() = sf;
    }
    sf->center_vertex() = Vertex_handle((SNC_in_place_list_sm<Self>*) this);
    return sf;
  }

  /*
  SHalfedge_handle new_shalfedge_pair() {
    SHalfedge_iterator se = this->sncp()->new_shalfedge_only();
    SHalfedge_iterator set = this->sncp()->new_shalfedge_only();
    if(this->shalfedges_begin() == this->sncp()->shalfedges_end())
      init_range(se);
    this->shalfedges_last() = set;
    make_twins(se,set);
    return se;
  }
  */

  SHalfedge_handle new_shalfedge_pair() {
    SHalfedge_iterator se, set;
    if(this->shalfedges_begin() == this->sncp()->shalfedges_end()) {
      se = this->sncp()->new_shalfedge_only();
      set = this->sncp()->new_shalfedge_only();
      init_range(se);
    } else {
      SHalfedge_iterator sen = this->shalfedges_end();
      se = this->sncp()->new_shalfedge_only(sen);
      set = this->sncp()->new_shalfedge_only(sen);
    }
    this->shalfedges_last() = set;
    make_twins(se,set);
    return se;
  }

  SHalfloop_handle new_shalfloop_pair() {
    //    CGAL_assertion( !cv->has_shalfloop() );
    CGAL_assertion( !this->has_shalfloop() );
    SHalfloop_iterator sl =  this->sncp()->new_shalfloop_only();
    SHalfloop_iterator slt = this->sncp()->new_shalfloop_only();
    make_twins(sl,slt);
    //    cv->shalfloop() = sl;
    this->shalfloop() = sl;
    return sl;
  }

  void delete_svertex(SVertex_handle v) {
    if (this->svertices_begin() == this->svertices_last() )
      { CGAL_assertion(v == this->svertices_begin());
      init_range(this->sncp()->svertices_end()); }
    else if (this->svertices_begin() == v ) ++(this->svertices_begin());
    else if (this->svertices_last() == v ) --(this->svertices_last());
    this->sncp()->delete_halfedge_only(v);
  }

  void delete_shalfedge(SHalfedge_handle e) {
    if ( this->shalfedges_begin() == this->shalfedges_last() )
      { CGAL_assertion( e == this->shalfedges_begin() );
      init_range(this->sncp()->shalfedges_end()); }
    else if (this->shalfedges_begin() == e ) ++(this->shalfedges_begin());
    else if (this->shalfedges_last() == e ) --(this->shalfedges_last());
    this->sncp()->delete_shalfedge_only(e);
  }

  void delete_shalfedge_pair(SHalfedge_handle e) {
    delete_shalfedge(e->twin());
    delete_shalfedge(e);
  }

  void delete_sface(SFace_handle f) {
    if (this->sfaces_begin() == this->sfaces_last() )
      { CGAL_assertion( f == this->sfaces_begin() );
      init_range(this->sncp()->sfaces_end()); }
    else if (this->sfaces_begin() == f ) ++(this->sfaces_begin());
    else if (this->sfaces_last() == f )  --(this->sfaces_last());
    this->sncp()->delete_sface_only(f);
  }

  void delete_shalfloop_pair() {
    CGAL_assertion(this->has_shalfloop() );
    this->sncp()->delete_shalfloop_only(this->shalfloop()->twin());
    this->sncp()->delete_shalfloop_only(this->shalfloop());
    this->shalfloop() = this->sncp()->shalfloops_end();
  }

 protected:
  bool            destruct;
};  // SNC_sphere_map

} //namespace CGAL

#endif //  CGAL_SNC_SPHERE_MAP_H


text:
Menopause sex: The surprisingly hot truth
Katy Regan
4 May 2022, 5:17 am ·7-min read
Post-menopause, without the worry of pregnancy, some women feel sexually liberated. (Getty Images)
Let's face it, where the menopause and our sex lives are concerned, the future looks rather grim. Many experts would have us believe that all we have to look forward to is the inevitable decline towards a host of charming afflictions.
Yes the list includes: vaginal dryness, vaginal atrophy, (the word alone makes you want to clamp your legs shut for evermore!), frequent bouts of cystitis and the biggie – a loss of sex drive.
Well, we're not having it. In fact we're here to readdress the balance and tell you that not only could your sex life remain as fulfilling as ever during menopause, but that the best years may be yet to come.
What is the menopause?
Put simply, menopause is when a woman stops having periods and is unable to get pregnant naturally. Think of it as three key stages:
1. Perimenopause: the stage leading up to your final period which lasts on average four to eight years and starts in your mid to late forties.
2. Menopause: this is diagnosed when you have not had a period for 12 months or more.
3. Post-menopause: all the years beyond as a non-menstruating woman.
During this time the ovaries start producing less hormones, the main ones being oestrogen and progesterone, but also testosterone (more of this very important hormone later), causing your menstrual cycle to become irregular until finally your periods stop altogether.
It is true that this decrease in hormones can cause other symptoms which can negatively affect your sex life such as:
Loss of vaginal lubrication which can make sexual intercourse painful.
A thinning of the vaginal wall, or vaginal atrophy (that lovely word again) which can cause discomfort as well as infections and cystitis.
And yes, a loss of libido.
Hormonal changes during the menopause can affect your libido in different ways. (Getty Images)
The testosterone effect
You may think of testosterone as a male hormone but actually, it is an important female hormone and vital when it comes to our sexual wellbeing as it contributes to libido, sexual arousal and orgasm, by increasing the levels of the pleasure hormone dopamine.
As women age, our levels of testosterone naturally decrease, along with oestrogen, which can make it more difficult to become aroused.
Read more: How to turn married sex into first date sex
However, as with everything to do with the menopause, there are exceptions to this rule, as leading menopause expert, Dr Louise Newson explains.
"Some women get a little surge of testosterone before they go through the menopause which means an increased libido… it is all how your hormones play with each other and the difference between them."
"In other words," adds Dr.Barb DePree, gynaecologist and founder of women's health forum MiddlesexMD, "even though the levels are lower than they used to be, testosterone may have some 'dominance,' during perimenopause. So, enjoy... !"
Once hormones settle, some women experience a new level of desire post-menopause. (Getty Images)
Menopause myth-busting
Now we've got the biology out of the way, here are some surprising truths you may not have thought about.
Firstly, the word to remember in all of the above is 'can'. All these factors can negatively affect your sex life, but equally they may not. It is definitely not a one-menopause-fits-all situation.
As Dr. Amanda Richards, a professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University of Miami says, "Many women breeze through perimenopause to menopause with few problems and simply don't experience hot flushes, mood swings or low libido come to that."
It's important to remember too that libido is a unique and complex thing, affected not just by biology, but by psychological and environmental factors and crucially, circumstances, which contrary to your younger years, are often very much compatible with an upsurge in sexual appetite!
Read more: Being disturbed during sex is Brits' most embarrassing moment
Think about it: post-menopause, there's no fear of pregnancy leading to a feeling of sexual liberation for many women – perhaps especially single women. Also, it's goodbye to our contraceptive pills*, which could mean good news.
"Experts will tell you that declining hormones could mean you'll want it less but that isn't necessarily so," says Dr.Richards. "Desire, once quelled by birth control pills could resurge."
(*It's not advisable to come off contraception until your doctor can confirm you are no longer ovulating.)
Freedom at last
One of the joys of having more life experience is feeling comfortable in your own skin. (Getty Images)
Also, by the time we're in mid-life, there are less likely to be little people sneaking into your bed or interrupting a quickie on the sofa. These are the years you can have raunchy sex on your dining table, in every room in the house if you so desire. It is this new-found freedom that actually ignites desire.
Sex is no longer about reproduction, but playful production – and we know which sounds hotter!
Also, once you have got through the transition and your hormones have settled, there are no periods, no mood swings. Women often feel more levelled out mood-wise than they ever have, leading to a new level of desire they've never even experienced.
Read more: World Menopause Day: Here's how to (literally) keep yourself together
Add to the mix the fact that with life experience comes confidence in our own skin and the ability to ask for what we want, and you can see how menopause may well mean a total reinvigoration of your libido.
As Dr. Richards says, "Menopause is a very defining time for most women, many of whom realise they have put their sexuality on the back burner for way too long and if they don't use it, they will lose it for good."
Presenter and menopause campaigner Davina McCall, concurs: "I walk around like a foxy minx now because I feel like a foxy minx. I don't look as good naked as I did in my 20s, but I feel better and that's the difference."
Watch: Gwyneth Paltrow enlists 'expert help' in preparation for her menopause
Ways to boost libido
Perhaps the best news is that if your desire for sex is low and you'd like to change it, there are so many effective treatments that can restore your vaginal health, improve arousal and increase sexual pleasure.
To treat dropping hormone levels and all the side effects that come with that, including low libido, the obvious one is Oestrogen and Progesterone replacement (HRT). There are two main types of HRT:
Combined HRT (oestrogen and progestogen) – for women who still have their womb
Oestrogen-only HRT – for women who have had their womb removed in a hysterectomy
It comes in many forms including gels, patches and tablets and can be started in a low dose and increased if necessary. Talk to your doctor about what's right for you.
Read more: Shortage of HRT is leaving women battling insomnia
Vaginal dryness can be treated with water-soluable lubricants which as K-Y jelly. There are also many glycerine-based vaginal moisturisers available such as Replens and YesVM.
Supplementary Testosterone treatment can be a game-changer for improving your sex drive – particularly for women who have had a surgical or premature menopause (for example, after having their ovaries removed). Get a blood test to determine if you are testosterone-deficient.
Declining oestrogen sometimes means less blood flow to the clitoris and vagina, which means lowered arousal. A sexual aid available by prescription called Eros is a small device that uses gentle vacuum to stimulate blood flow to the clitoris.
With all this information at your fingertips, there really is no reason why menopausal sex couldn't be the hottest sex you've ever had. Nature's best kept secret.
The Daily Lowdown: Rita Ora teams up with Hollywood A-Listers for new video
Welcome to your Daily Lowdown podcast from HELLO!. Today, we're discussing Rita Ora bringing in some big names to appear in her brand-new music video. Not only that, Taylor Swift's new video has fans whipping up theories and Britney Spears tells her fans they went too far. Take a listen to today's episode below... Rita Ora has finally dropped new music and the star brought in some Hollywood A-Listers to do so. The singer, who shared new single You Only Love Me, could be seen getting married in h
Jesy Nelson shares naked bath photo and fans are breathless
Jesy Nelson went on a wintery retreat this weekend and shared a naked snap from the bath wearing a face mask.
Alex Jones is a dream in two-piece blazer suit in the boldest colour
Alex Jones has nailed the trouser suit trend, and she stunned The One Show viewers on Friday in her gorgeous blazer two-piece in one of this year's hottest colours. The star looked so chic in the bright pink Cos suit on the latest episode of the BBC show, which came in a super stylish corduroy fabric. Alex looked stunning as she posed in her pink blazer suit To round off the smart ensemble, Alex teamed the suit with a pair of black pointed-toe heels which perfectly matched her black nails, acces
Adam Levine and Behati Prinsloo welcome third child
Adam Levine and Behati Prinsloo are new parents. Last September, the Maroon 5 frontman and former Victoria's Secret model announced that they were expecting their third child together. On Monday, editors at People reported that Adam and Behati had recently welcomed a new addition to their family. No further details were available. Representatives for the couple have not yet commented on the news. Adam and Behati, who wed in 2014, are already parents to daughters Dusty, six, and Gio, four. In Nov
Carol Vorderman reignites Michelle Mone feud with This Morning comments
Carol Vorderman said of Michelle Mone: 'I dropped her like a stone as soon as I realised what kind of person she was - sue me, Michelle.'
Sound of the Underground: a bit of a mess, but not a drag
I'm guessing that at no point in its history has a Royal Court production listed cast members known as Lilly Snatchdragon, Sue Gives a F--- and Wet Mess. That these variously queer, non-binary and trans performers, drag artists by trade, are on stage at all at the Court is part of the point of Travis Alabanza's new show (let's not call it a play), which rests on a somewhat confected provocation: the takeover of an establishment space by underground artists who do so much to influence mainstream
Lorraine Kelly issues warning to King Charles III following new reports
Lorraine Kelly has opened up about reports that King Charles III is considering a "tell-all" interview ahead of his coronation, and has asked the royal to "take the high ground" and remain silent following his son Prince Harry's autobiography, Spare. Chatting to royal expert Russell Myers on Monday morning, the pair discussed the reports, with the expert saying that it would be "explosive" and that "there definitely is an appetite for Charles to perhaps be interviewed," but the monarch would als
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Mom Stacey opened her Long Island restaurant, Cause Café, not only to serve up some delicious treats, but also to help the kids in her community — specifically, those with special needs, including her own two children.
"Cause Café is a restaurant that I founded in honor of my children, Brittany and Logan, both of whom have autism," Stacey explains. "They communicate with an iPad app."
She adds, "My goal for the Cause Café employees is to have a meaningful life and be purposeful, and learn how to interact in the community."
And, Stacey says, it's working! "I've noticed major changes in all my employees since they've been working here. They have a lot more self-confidence and they feel purposeful."
Stacey gushed about all her employees — including her daughter, Brittany, who, she said, went from working only 10 minutes at a time to full 2-hour shifts. But we wanted to celebrate Stacey for the amazing work she's doing.
That's why, when we invited her on our show to tell us all about Cause Café, we sent her home with two prizes: Nest fragrances, along with a $5,000 donation from the company towards the café … and a cruise with Autism on the Seas, which specifically serves families with special needs!
And you can tell by her reaction that she was SO excited!
Watch Stacey's emotional reaction — and learn more about Cause Café — in the video above!


text:
Rauner give nearly $1M to credit union, foundation
By - Associated Press - Friday, September 5, 2014
CHICAGO (AP) - Illinois Republican gubernatorial candidate Bruce Rauner (ROW-nur) has invested nearly $1 million in a credit union aimed at providing loans to small African-American businesses on Chicago's South Side.
The venture capitalist stopped Friday at South Side Community Federal Credit Union for paperwork.
Rauner says $200,000 is a donation to a related foundation and $800,000 was deposited in an account. The money will be used for small business loans. Rauner says he'll earn a small percentage of interest.
Since the multimillionaire made the pledge weeks ago, critics have claimed he's trying to buy votes in the competitive race against Democratic Gov. Pat Quinn.
Rauner dismissed that, saying he's continuing his practice of giving to causes and his action helps create jobs.
The credit union's president confirms the money was wire transferred.


text:
In de analyse, een deelgebied van de wiskunde, is een impliciete functie een functie, waarin enkel een gezamenlijke eis wordt opgelegd aan twee of meerdere variabelen, zonder dat het daarbij steeds mogelijk is, een als afhankelijke variabele gekozen variabele "expliciet" in termen van de andere, de onafhankelijke variabelen te schrijven. Het expliciet geven van een functie  betekent dat men voorziet in een voorschrift voor hoe de output-waarde van de functie  wordt bepaald in termen van de input-waarden voor

In contrast hiermee is een functie impliciet als de waarde van  uit  wordt verkregen door het oplossen van een vergelijking van de vorm:

Dat wil zeggen: de ene variabele of de andere mag de andere bepalen, men beschikt echter niet over een expliciete formule voor de ene variabele in termen van de andere variabele. De impliciete functie kan ontstaan als de niveauverzameling van een expliciete functie in twee variabelen,  waarvan men de oplossing op een constant niveau  beschouwt.

Naamgeving
Een impliciete functie van de algemene vorm:

heet een impliciete functie van één veranderlijke. Van de twee veranderlijken kan er echter maar één vrij gekozen worden. De andere variabele ligt dan vast, hoewel nog meerdere waarden mogelijk zijn. Men telt dus enkel het aantal mogelijke onafhankelijke variabelen.

Een voorbeeld is een cirkel met straal :

Indien voor  een waarde in het interval  gekozen wordt, zijn er voor  nog twee mogelijk waarden. Deze impliciete functie kan dus niet expliciet geschreven worden.

Een impliciete functie van de algemene vorm :

heet een impliciete functie van twee veranderlijken. Van de drie veranderlijken kunnen er immers twee vrij gekozen worden.

Een voorbeeld is een boloppervlak met straal :

Afgeleide van een impliciete functie
Bij een impliciete functie kan men gelijk welke van de variabelen afleiden naar gelijk welk van de anderen. Men kiest daarbij dus een van variabelen als afhankelijk en gaat die afleiden naar de andere aanwezige variabele(n) die als onafhankelijk beschouwd wordt (worden).

Via de differentiaal
Door de impliciete functie :

te differentiëren krijgt men de differentiaal:

Hieruit kan naar keuze de partiële afgeleide van  naar  of van  naar  verkregen worden. Het is belangrijk te weten dat de klassieke betekenis van de afgeleide, als richtingscoëfficiënt van de raaklijn, ook voor deze impliciete functie nog steeds geldig is (zie voorbeeld).

Voorbeeld
Voor de cirkel:

vindt men op deze manier:

Kiest men bijvoorbeeld het punt (2,2) dat zich op een hoek van 45° op deze cirkel bevindt, dan wordt de waarde van de afgeleide −1. Dat is inderdaad de richtingscoëfficiënt van de raaklijn in dat punt.

Deze methode van de differentiaal kan ook worden gebruikt voor impliciete functies van meer dan één veranderlijke, maar de methode is moeilijker uit te breiden naar afgeleiden van hogere orde. Dat kan wel met het zogenaamd 'rechtstreeks afleiden':

Rechtstreeks afleiden
Bij een afgeleide wordt steeds een afhankelijke veranderlijke afgeleid naar een onafhankelijke. Als men bij een impliciete functie van één veranderlijke bijvoorbeeld  naar  wil afleiden, beschouwt men  dus als een functie van  met als afgeleide  Als de impliciete functie

naar  wordt afgeleid moet men er dus van uitgaan dat  zelf ook functie van die  is. Naar  afleiden levert dus:

en hieruit direct kan de afgeleide van  naar  verkregen worden.

Voor een impliciete functie van drie veranderlijken:

kan men bijvoorbeeld de afgeleide van  naar  krijgen, door  als afhankelijke veranderlijke te beschouwen van  en  en  en  als onafhankelijke. Afleiden naar  van bovenstaande betrekking levert dan:

en hieruit de gevraagde partiële afgeleide van  naar

Het voordeel van deze methode is de uitbreidbaarheid naar hogere orde afgeleiden. Om bij een impliciete functie van één veranderlijke de tweede orde afgeleide  te bekomen zal men eerst rechtstreeks naar  afleiden, met  functie van  beschouwd zoals hierboven, en daarna die betrekking nog eens rechtstreeks naar  afleiden waarbij nu ook  als functie van  wordt beschouwd. Dit geeft:

 Eerste keer rechtstreeks naar x afleiden

 Tweede keer:

In deze betrekking kan  gesubstitueerd worden, zodat  verkregen wordt.

Voorbeeld
Voor de cirkel met straal :

 Eerste keer rechtstreeks naar  afleiden (en de factor 2 wegdelen):

waaruit

 Tweede keer rechtstreeks naar x afleiden

 Na substitutie

De laatste gelijkheid is mogelijk omdat de punten waar deze afgeleiden berekend worden voldoen aan het voorschrift van de impliciete functie.

Wiskundige analyse
Differentiaaltopologie