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1. Emami-Khoyi, Arsalan. Population and diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): molecular approaches.
Degree: 2015, Lincoln University
► The recent increase in the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) population has given rise to socio-economic concerns regarding the potential conflicts with human interests.… (more)
▼ The recent increase in the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) population has given rise to socio-economic concerns regarding the potential conflicts with human interests. Elaboration of a comprehensive management strategy has been hindered by the paucity of solid information concerning New Zealand fur seal ecology. Recent developments in massive parallel DNA sequencing and computational infrastructures were used to address some of the major areas of conflict with human commercial interests. The first focus of the current study was to test a series of non-destructive methods for collecting biological samples for high- throughput DNA analysis. A second focus of the study was application of whole mitochondrial genomes in conjunction with Y chromosome Zinc fingers (ZFY) from New Zealand fur seals throughout the whole range of the species distribution in an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework to reconstruct the recent demographic history of the species. The pristine population size (pre-human colonisation), historical population size after human first arrival and the bottleneck population size were estimated. There was enough variability left in the mitochondrial genomes to detect the 18th -19th- century's population bottleneck in the species. The pattern observed in ZFY data set was more complicated indicating more subtle population genetics dynamics. Mitochondrial DNA were uniform in its distribution with few distant haplotypes that could represents the presence of old lineages or potential introgression from other sympatric species. The intriguing pattern observed in ZFY data also resulted in the discovery of a rare genomic event called ''ectopic gene conversion" between non- recombining parts of Y and X chromosomes in the New Zealand fur seal genome The third focus of the study is on the fine scale population structure of NZ fur seals at a local scale around Banks Peninsula, -South Island, and New Zealand. No evidence of local population structure was found in the area suggesting the presence of substantial gene flow among colonies at a local scale. Moreover, the "spill over" colony expansion dynamics, suggested previously as a pattern for recolonizing new habitat, was supported at the local scale using genetic data. Most of the newly-established colonies in the area showed the highest degree of genetic structure similarities with older colonies in their vicinity emphasizing the important role of "spill over" dynamics of older colonies in formation of new colonies. The data significantly support multi recolonization events with occasional local recruitment of immigrating individuals. There is a short mitogenomic announcement in chapter five where I used the complete mitogenomes of New Zealand fur seals in addition to three mustelid species (all de novo sequenced in the current research) to re-examine the origin of pinnipeds in the light of new available mitogenomes. The final focus of the study used molecular-based methods to identify the prey and parasite items of the New Zealand fur seal…
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand fur seal; Banks Peninsula; mitochondrial DNA; zinc fingers; population genetics; diet composition; diet; 060409 Molecular Evolution; 060401 Anthropological Genetics
Emami-Khoyi, A. (2015). Population and diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): molecular approaches . (Thesis). Lincoln University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10182/6758
Emami-Khoyi, Arsalan. "Population and diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): molecular approaches." 2015. Thesis, Lincoln University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/6758.
Emami-Khoyi, Arsalan. "Population and diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): molecular approaches." 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Emami-Khoyi A. Population and diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): molecular approaches. [Internet] [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/6758.
Emami-Khoyi A. Population and diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri): molecular approaches. [Thesis]. Lincoln University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10182/6758
2. Cate, Jenipher Rose. The effects of tourism on the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri).
Degree: PhD, Ecology, 2013, University of Canterbury
► The demand by ecotourism for easily accessible wildlife encounters has increased the need for regulations to minimise negative effects of tourism on towards marine mammals.… (more)
▼ The demand by ecotourism for easily accessible wildlife encounters has increased the need for regulations to minimise negative effects of tourism on towards marine mammals. High levels of human interaction could have serious consequences for recovering populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). By monitoring behavioural shifts in reactions to human disturbance, the aim of this study was to determine how disturbance by tourism is affecting the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seals. Fur seal breeding colonies, haul-outs, and a pup nursery were studied on the South Island to determine the level of disturbance. Data collected in this study can be used towards improving monitoring regimes to mitigate negative effects of anthropogenic disturbance. I first used behavioural observations to assess a seal's behaviour in response to different types of tourist activities. Next, I examined changes in New Zealand fur seal behaviour as a result of visits to colonies by tourist boats. To quantify the response of fur seals to tourist boats, experimental boat approaches were conducted using a before, during, and after instantaneous scan sampling method at two breeding colonies (one with high vessel traffic and one with none). Impact of noise was also investigated using a loud speaker to mimic local harbour tours. Lastly, behavioural observations on seal pups at a nursery were conducted comparing pup behaviour in the presence and absence of tourism along with variable intensities of tourist behaviour. My observations suggest that seal behaviour was significantly different between sites with and without tourist visits. The type of tourism had a significant effect on the behavioural state of seals, with animals more active when there were people walking in the colonies. There were also signs of habituation in some of the study colonies. Since each colony varied in the type of tourism it experienced, it is possible that it is not only the level of tourism that is important but also the type of tourism that has a significant role in eliciting short-term behavioural shifts. Observations from a tour boat revealed an increase in the percentage of seals reacting when vessels were close to the shore. This distance effect was overridden and reactions were greater, however, when tours included commentary via an external speaker. The effects of both distance and noises were significantly different between colonies with high and low levels of tourist visits. Due to the overlap of peak tourist visits with fur seal breeding season, these animals are at their most vulnerable when companies are in peak operation. Finally, as with adults, pup behaviour was also significantly affected by tourism presence. Periods of inactivity and awareness increased in the presence of tourists, which is indicative of disruption of "play" and movement towards more vigilant behaviour. Despite the significant effects of tourist visits I found in this study, there was large variation in the degree of responses in different populations of the fur seal.…
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand fur seal; tourism; behaviour; marine mammal
Cate, J. R. (2013). The effects of tourism on the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8726
Cate, Jenipher Rose. "The effects of tourism on the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri)." 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Canterbury. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8726.
Cate, Jenipher Rose. "The effects of tourism on the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri)." 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Cate JR. The effects of tourism on the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8726.
Cate JR. The effects of tourism on the behaviour of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8726
5. Baylis, Alastair Martin Mitri. Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri).
Degree: 2008, University of Adelaide
► The New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) is the most abundant fur seal species in the Australian-New Zealand region. Approximately 85 % of Australia's population… (more)
▼ The New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) is the most abundant fur seal species in the Australian-New Zealand region. Approximately 85 % of Australia's population of New Zealand fur seals reside in the state of South Australia. As a result of their abundance and size, it has been estimated that the New Zealand fur seal population in South Australia consumes the greatest biomass of resources of all marine mammal and seabird species. However, despite the importance of New Zealand fur seals as top predators, our understanding of their foraging ecology in South Australia is limited. In order to better understand the habitat utilized and the diet of New Zealand fur seals, this study explores the foraging ecology of lactating seals from four primary colonies in South Australia, which account for ~ 78 % of the Australian population. These colonies are Cape Gantheaume (36о04'S, 137о27'E) and Cape du Couedic (36о03'S, 136о42'E) on Kangaroo Island; North Neptune Island (35о13'S, 136о03'E) and Liguanea Island (34о59'S, 135о37'E). I start this study by assessing the seasonal variation in foraging location and dive behaviour of lactating New Zealand fur seals from Cape Gantheaume. 18 seals were fitted with satellite transmitters and time depth recorders (TDRs). The presence of thermoclines (derived from TDRs), were used as a surrogate measure of upwelling activity in continental shelf habitats. During the austral autumn 80 % of lactating fur seals foraged on the continental shelf (114 ± 44 km from the colony), in a region associated with a seasonal coastal upwelling system, the Bonney upwelling. In contrast, during winter months seals predominantly foraged in oceanic waters (62 %), in a region associated with the Subtropical Front (460 ± 138 km from the colony). Results suggested that lactating New Zealand fur seals shift their foraging location from continental shelf to oceanic habitats, in response to a seasonal decline in continental shelf productivity, attributed to the cessation of the Bonney upwelling in autumn. To study inter-colony differences in foraging locations, 21 New Zealand fur seals were satellite tracked from four colonies within close proximity (46 km – 200km apart). Seals initiated foraging trips on a colony-specific bearing (Cape Gantheaume 141 ± 33º, Cape du Couedic 186 ± 12º, North Neptune Island 200 ± 23º and Liguanea Island 234 ± 69º), and recorded little overlap between colony-specific foraging areas. The distribution of colony-specific foraging grounds appeared to be influenced by the proximity of colonies to predictable local upwelling features, as well as a distant oceanic frontal zone, the Subtropical Front. Foraging site fidelity and route-choice was further assessed by comparing site fidelity between continental shelf and oceanic habitats. Data from 31 lactating females, satellite tracked over 107 consecutive foraging trips indicated that females foraging on the continental shelf recorded a significantly greater overlap in foraging area between consecutive foraging routes, when compared… Advisors/Committee Members: Page, Brad (advisor), Paton, David (advisor), Nichols, Peter (advisor), Goldsworthy, Simon D. (advisor), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (school).
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand fur seal; Colony specific foraging; Foraging site fidelity; Subtropical front; Bonney upwelling; Seasonal foraging; Fatty acid analysis; New Zealand fur seal Ecology South Australia.; New Zealand fur seal Geographical distribution.; Seal populations Australia.
Baylis, A. M. M. (2008). Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/50450
Baylis, Alastair Martin Mitri. "Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." 2008. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/50450.
Baylis, Alastair Martin Mitri. "Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." 2008. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Baylis AMM. Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/50450.
Baylis AMM. Seasonal and colony differences in the foraging ecology of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/50450
6. Stovall, William Russell. Population genetics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri): Genomic tools for research and management .
► New Zealand fur seals (NZFS, Arctocephalus forsteri) are a relatively common feature on the rocky coasts of Southern Australia and New Zealand's North, South, and… (more)
▼ New Zealand fur seals (NZFS, Arctocephalus forsteri) are a relatively common feature on the rocky coasts of Southern Australia and New Zealand's North, South, and subantarctic Islands. Several previous studies (e.g. Lento et al. 1997, Wynen 2001, Robertson and Gemmell 2005) have endeavoured to describe the population structure of NZFS, and have been unable to resolve distinct genetic differentiation among breeding colonies. However, it was unclear whether this could be attributed to an absence of structure in the species, or simply to a lack of discriminatory power provided by the molecular markers available at the time. In this study, we utilised a large and highly variable dataset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to thoroughly investigate population genetic trends, and to identify and describe new sources of genetic variation. We incorporated a total of 253 NZFS samples (167 from eight breeding colonies, 86 from fisheries bycatch) into our analyses. Adhering to the sequencing preparation protocol Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS, Elshire et al. 2011), we digested DNA samples with the restriction enzyme Pst1. This effectively resulted in a reduction of genomic complexity, allowing for efficient identification of sites of variation at cut site loci. Post-sequencing bioinformatics processing (Stacks, Catchen et al. 2011) was implemented to produce a catalogue of 473,338 monomorphic and polymorphic loci for further analyses. We present a novel approach for the discovery and statistical validation of male-specific (Y-chromosome) loci in GBS datasets. Using a sex-specific locus threshold (SSLT) and a significant sex-assignment threshold (SSAT), we identified male-specific loci (monomorphic and polymorphic) within our dataset. We then screened for those loci within individuals of unknown sex in our bycatch sample group, and assigned sex to those individuals in silico. A significant bias toward males with the bycatch sample group was identified across all regions (68.6% – 80.2%, p < 0.001), which is consistent with previous observations on the species' foraging behaviour. In addition, we developed a small panel of sex-specific PCR primers that can be used to ascertain the sex of unknown individuals in future studies. We employed a robust dataset of 22,192 neutral SNPs to investigate variation within and between NZFS subpopulations. While our conclusions were consistent with previous observations of relatively low population differentiation (0.65% – 0.85% variation explained by regional differences), we identified distinct similarities among West Coast colonies and Southern East Coast colonies. Northern East Coast colonies appear to be sites of genetic confluence, though further research will be required to verify these signatures. A weak, but significant (p = 0.01) isolation-by-distance pattern was identified among the eight breeding colonies studied, indicating a degree of previously overlooked, fine-scale population structure in this species. Using a new toolkit to examine genetic variation in… Advisors/Committee Members: Gemmell, Neil (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Genetics; New Zealand; fur seal; Arctocephalus; Pinniped; non-model; GBS; Genotyping-by-sequencing; Sex-specific; Sex-specific markers; Population genetics; Population Structure; fisheries; bycatch; Animal behaviour
Stovall, W. R. (n.d.). Population genetics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri): Genomic tools for research and management . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/6762
Stovall, William Russell. "Population genetics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri): Genomic tools for research and management ." Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/6762.
Stovall, William Russell. "Population genetics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri): Genomic tools for research and management ." Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Stovall WR. Population genetics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri): Genomic tools for research and management . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/6762.
Stovall WR. Population genetics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri): Genomic tools for research and management . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/6762
7. Dowell, Sacha. Mother-pup recognition behaviour, pup vocal signatures and allosuckling in the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri.
► A recognition system is required between pinniped mothers and pups. For otariids this is especially important since females frequently leave their pups for foraging and… (more)
▼ A recognition system is required between pinniped mothers and pups. For otariids this is especially important since females frequently leave their pups for foraging and must reunite on return. Pups must deal with these fasting periods during maternal absence and consequently may attempt to obtain allomaternal care from unrelated females. This research on the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) at Ohau Point, Kaikoura, New Zealand, quantified mother-pup recognition behaviour during reunions, individuality of pup calls used by mothers to recognise their pup, and the occurrence of allosuckling as a possible recognition error by females and as a strategy employed by pups to gain allomaternal care during their mothers' absence. A combination of behavioural observations, morphometry, VHF radio telemetry, acoustics and DNA genotyping were employed to study these topics. Postpartum interaction behaviours between mothers and pups appeared to facilitate development of an efficient mother-pup recognition system, involving mainly vocal and olfactory cues that were utilised during reunions. Greater selective pressure on pups to reunite resulted in an asymmetry of searching behaviour between females and pups during reunions. The vocalisations of pups were stereotypic, especially those features of the fundamental frequency and frequency of the lowest harmonic, which are likely to facilitate recognition of a pup by their mother. Pups attempted to steal milk from unrelated females more often during maternal absence and appeared to modify the intra-individual variation pattern of a feature of their vocal signatures over this period, which may assist attempts at allosuckling under nutritional stress. Fostering was demonstrated to occur despite costs to filial pups and possible costs to female reproductive success and may be attributed to development of erroneous recognition between females and non filial pups, or kin selection. This study provides a valuable contribution to the knowledge of recognition systems between pinniped mothers and pups, of alternative pup strategies under nutritional stress and of the rare occurrence of fostering in otariid pinnipeds.
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand fur seal; mother-pup reunion; allosuckling; fostering; milk stealing; vocalisation
Dowell, S. (2005). Mother-pup recognition behaviour, pup vocal signatures and allosuckling in the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri . (Masters Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6799
Dowell, Sacha. "Mother-pup recognition behaviour, pup vocal signatures and allosuckling in the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri." 2005. Masters Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6799.
Dowell, Sacha. "Mother-pup recognition behaviour, pup vocal signatures and allosuckling in the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri." 2005. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Dowell S. Mother-pup recognition behaviour, pup vocal signatures and allosuckling in the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6799.
Dowell S. Mother-pup recognition behaviour, pup vocal signatures and allosuckling in the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri. [Masters Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2005. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6799
8. Gibbs, Nadine Jasmine. Stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson, 1828) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas Traill, 1809).
Degree: MS, Anatomy, 1999, Massey University
► The New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) represent two phylogenetically unrelated species that inhabit the same environment and… (more)
▼ The New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) represent two phylogenetically unrelated species that inhabit the same environment and utilise similar prey. The stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal and the long-finned pilot whale has not been well studied. Because of the scarcity of published information on these two species, this study was undertaken to identify differences and similarities between the two species. A literature review considers work on the stomach anatomy of other marine mammal species to allow for comparisons and parallels to be made. The stomachs of 10 New Zealand fur seal and 7 long-finned pilot whale cadavers were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The single chambered stomach of the New Zealand fur seal was similar to that of other pinnipeds. The stomach was J-shaped: with an elongate proper-gastric region, a sharply bent incisura angularis and narrow pyloric portion that extended cranially to a well-developed pyloric sphincter. The lining of the empty stomach was arranged into well-defined rugae that were sparser and less tortuous beyond the pyloric antrum. The microscopic anatomy of the stomach wall was similar to the typical mammalian carnivore plan. However, some differences were evident, including a narrower cardiac zone, and longer proper-gastric glands because of the numerous mucous neck and parietal cells. The multi-chambered stomach of the long-finned pilot whale was similar to that of other cetaceans. The stomach consisted of three chambers: a muscular, pear-shaped forechamber followed by a bulbous proper-gastric chamber and a thin walled pyloric chamber divided into a channel-like cranial portion that was further subdivided by a transverse septum and a tubular caudal portion. The orifices between chambers and the chambers themselves progressively decreased in size. The proper-gastric and pyloric chambers are comparable to those zones of the typical mammalian stomach. However some differences were evident, including the abrupt changes in mucosa between chambers, lack of a cardiac zone, a forechamber lined by non-glandular epithelium and a thicker stomach wall. It is concluded that the stomachs of the New Zealand fur seal and the long-finned pilot whale are macroscopically different but microscopically similar. The stomachs are similar to those of other pinnipeds and cetaceans, respectively. Therefore, anatomical variations are likely to be phylogenetic in origin as otariids are believed to be derived from bear-like carnivorous ancestors whereas cetaceans are from the ancestors of ruminants.
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand fur seal – Anatomy; Globicephala melaena – Anatomy; Stomach – Anatomy
Gibbs, N. J. (1999). Stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson, 1828) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas Traill, 1809) . (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13670
Gibbs, Nadine Jasmine. "Stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson, 1828) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas Traill, 1809)." 1999. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13670.
Gibbs, Nadine Jasmine. "Stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson, 1828) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas Traill, 1809)." 1999. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Gibbs NJ. Stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson, 1828) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas Traill, 1809). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 1999. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13670.
Gibbs NJ. Stomach anatomy of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson, 1828) and the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas Traill, 1809). [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13670
9. Boren, Laura Joy. New Zealand fur seals in the Kaikoura region: colony dynamics, maternal investment and health.
Degree: PhD, Zoology, 2005, University of Canterbury
► Colony dynamics, maternal investment, and indicators of health were investigated for the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) over four austral summers, 2001- 2005. Effort… (more)
▼ Colony dynamics, maternal investment, and indicators of health were investigated for the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) over four austral summers, 2001- 2005. Effort was focused at the Ohau Point seal colony, north of Kaikoura. Two colonies at Banks Peninsula were included for comparisons of colony growth and pup condition. A range of other colonies were also included for making comparisons about colony dynamics and health indices. Colony dynamics were investigated through mark-recapture estimates of pup production and daily census of all individuals at the Ohau Point colony. Maternal attendance patterns were observed through behavioural observations of known females (n = 120), the use of VHF radio transmitters (n = 33), and female mass and body condition estimates (n = 51). Maternal investment was also investigated through longitudinal sampling of pup mass and growth rates. Parameters used to indicate colony health were: body condition, growth, presence of parasites, and the levels and common causes of mortality. The influence of parasites on pup growth was tested using treatment of selected pups with Ivermectin anti-helmentic medication, and mortality in the region was investigated through reports of dead individuals, and post mortems of those found fresh. The Ohau Point colony is in an exponential state of growth, and pup mass and condition was higher and responded to changes in environmental variables differently than at the Banks Peninsula colonies. Lactation lengths were consistently longer at Ohau Point than is typically reported for the species (323-355 days vs. 285 days). Maternal investment strategies were indicative of a close, reliable food source, and showed flexibility between years through extension of foraging trip durations and the increased use of overnight foraging trips. Individual strategies did not significantly influence pup growth. However, increased maternal condition and the ability to respond to inter-annual changes in resource availability resulted in accelerated pup growth even during an El Niño event. The incidence of pups with intestinal parasites was low at Ohau Point, and the average mass of treated and non-treated pups did not differ. Pup mortality in the region was low (3% to 50 days old), however, mortality of older pups was greatly influenced by the proximity of humans, with 2/3 of pup mortality observed between the age of 50 days and weaning being caused by car collisions. The results suggest that population dynamics and maternal investment in the region are greatly influenced by local variables, notably the presence of an accessible food source within close proximity to the colony. Various indicators of health reflect a growing colony in good condition, and the presence of a reliable food source may influence the maximum density and carrying capacity the colony is able to sustain. However, some concerns are raised about the influence of human interactions in the region, and how this may affect mortality and colony dynamics in…
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand fur seal; Arctocephalus forsteri; colony growth; maternal investment; pup health and condition
Boren, L. J. (2005). New Zealand fur seals in the Kaikoura region: colony dynamics, maternal investment and health . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/9275
Boren, Laura Joy. "New Zealand fur seals in the Kaikoura region: colony dynamics, maternal investment and health." 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Canterbury. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/9275.
Boren, Laura Joy. "New Zealand fur seals in the Kaikoura region: colony dynamics, maternal investment and health." 2005. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Boren LJ. New Zealand fur seals in the Kaikoura region: colony dynamics, maternal investment and health. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/9275.
Boren LJ. New Zealand fur seals in the Kaikoura region: colony dynamics, maternal investment and health. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2005. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/9275
10. Parker, Leanna. Re-conceptualizing the traditional economy: indigenous peoples' participation in the nineteenth century fur trade in Canada and whaling industry in New Zealand.
Degree: PhD, Department of Rural Economy and the Faculty of Native Studies, 2011, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9s1617683
► Contemporary resource use on Indigenous lands is not often well understood by the general public. In particular, there is a perception that "traditional" and commercial… (more)
▼ Contemporary resource use on Indigenous lands is not often well understood by the general public. In particular, there is a perception that "traditional" and commercial resource use are mutually exclusive, and therefore there is often an assumption that Indigenous communities are abandoning their traditional economy when they participate in the commercial sector of the larger regional economy. This perceived tension between traditional and commercial resource use is caused in part by a limited understanding of the participation of Indigenous peoples in commercial industries historically and the subsequent process of the commercialization of some aspects of Indigenous peoples' pre-contact economies. This dissertation examines the seasonal cycle of activities and the patterns of consumption and production of the Indigenous peoples who participated in the fur trade at Ile a la Crosse in northwestern Saskatchewan and the whaling industry at the Otakou shore station in southern New Zealand. A systematic analysis of the daily journals and accounting records kept by company employees in these two regions demonstrate that participation in these industries allowed the Indigenous economies to be transformed from pre-contact times. While this participation did not completely subsume the Indigenous economies, the changes that were made created a need for the Indigenous people to continue accessing the European-style goods that had been incorporated into their livelihoods, a need that was exacerbated as local resources declined as a result of over-use. Thus, there is a need to re-conceptualize what is generally thought of as the "traditional economy." The traditional economy in contemporary Indigenous communities is often perceived as an Indigenous approach to resource use that has changed little, except perhaps in the technology used, from pre-contact times. This dissertation, however, clearly demonstrates that participation in commercial industries historically encouraged the adaptation of Indigenous economies in response to changing opportunities and circumstances. It becomes clear then that the so-called "traditional economy" of today, is an Indigenous economy that has already been shaped and influenced by participation in historical commercial economies. Understanding the adaptability of Indigenous economies has important implications for economic development initiatives in Indigenous communities today.
Subjects/Keywords: New Zealand; fur trade; Indigenous peoples; traditional economy; Canada; whaling industry; mixed economy
Parker, L. (2011). Re-conceptualizing the traditional economy: indigenous peoples' participation in the nineteenth century fur trade in Canada and whaling industry in New Zealand . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9s1617683
Parker, Leanna. "Re-conceptualizing the traditional economy: indigenous peoples' participation in the nineteenth century fur trade in Canada and whaling industry in New Zealand." 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9s1617683.
Parker, Leanna. "Re-conceptualizing the traditional economy: indigenous peoples' participation in the nineteenth century fur trade in Canada and whaling industry in New Zealand." 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Parker L. Re-conceptualizing the traditional economy: indigenous peoples' participation in the nineteenth century fur trade in Canada and whaling industry in New Zealand. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9s1617683.
Parker L. Re-conceptualizing the traditional economy: indigenous peoples' participation in the nineteenth century fur trade in Canada and whaling industry in New Zealand. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/9s1617683
11. Sinclair, Elizabeth. Feeding habits of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea.
Degree: MS, Oceanography, 1988, Oregon State University
► This study was conducted to determine the composition and size of prey consumed by northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea. Eighty… (more)
▼ This study was conducted to determine the composition and size of prey consumed by northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea. Eighty three northern fur seals were collected in the summer and fall of 1981, 1982, and 1985 for examination of gastrointestinal contents. A total of 139 midwater and bottom trawls were collected to determine the availability of potential prey. Analysis of trawls confirmed that seals are size-selective midwater feeders during their breeding and haul-out season in the eastern Bering Sea. Juvenile walleye pollock and gonatid squid, 5-20cm in body length, were the primary prey, but seal prey varied among years and between nearshore and pelagic sample locations. Interannual variation in body sizes of walleye pollock consumed by seals was related to pollock year class strength. The identification of pollock and gonatid squid as primary fur seal prey in the eastern Bering Sea was consistent with previous reports. However, Pacific herring and capelin, previously considered important fur seal prey werE absent in this study. Advisors/Committee Members: Pearcy, William G. (advisor), Hixon, Mark (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Northern fur seal
Sinclair, E. (1988). Feeding habits of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea . (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/19850
Sinclair, Elizabeth. "Feeding habits of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea." 1988. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/19850.
Sinclair, Elizabeth. "Feeding habits of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea." 1988. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Sinclair E. Feeding habits of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1988. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/19850.
Sinclair E. Feeding habits of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the eastern Bering Sea. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1988. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/19850
12. Westfall, Kristen Marie. Molecular Ecology and Systematics of Blue Mussels (Genus Mytilus) (Mytilidae; Bivalvia; Mollusca) in the Southern Hemisphere.
Degree: 2011, Victoria University of Wellington
► The Mytilus edulis species complex, comprised of M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus, is antitropically distributed in temperate coastal regions of all oceans and… (more)
▼ The Mytilus edulis species complex, comprised of M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus, is antitropically distributed in temperate coastal regions of all oceans and main seas of the world. This genus has been heavily studied in the Northern hemisphere but Southern hemisphere populations have received much less attention. This thesis aims to place Southern hemisphere blue mussels into global evolutionary relationships among Mytilus species and investigate aspects of their molecular ecology, including, effects of non-native Northern hemisphere species introductions, biogeography across the Southern hemisphere, regional phylogeographic patterns and population genetics within New Zealand. Southern hemisphere blue mussel phylogenetic reconstruction resulted in the detection of a monophyletic M. galloprovincialis lineage. Two new molecular markers developed with specificity for this lineage and congruence among phylogenetic investigations indicates a panhemispheric distribution of this M. galloprovincialis lineage with implications for naming a new sibling species of the M. edulis complex. This proposed new species, M. meridianus, is distributed in South America, the Kerguelen Islands, New Zealand and Australia at latitudes between ~ 30°S and ~ 55°S. Non-native M. galloprovincialis introduced from the Northern hemisphere have been present in NZ, Australia and Chile for at least ten years and hybridise with native blue mussels. Introgression is observed in New Zealand and Australian but not Chilean hybrid regions. The limited number of introduced mussels in Australia induces hybrid swamping of non-native alleles but an interlineage gender bias towards non-native maternal parents may result in eventual loss of the unique genomic content of native blue mussels in NZ. Southern hemisphere blue mussels form a monophyletic sister clade to a haplogroup shared by Northern hemisphere M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis. Although single gene histories are not congruent with respect to evolutionary relationships within the Northern hemisphere due to introgressive hybridisation after speciation, it is clear that Southern hemisphere blue mussels arose from a species native to the northeast Atlantic Ocean after speciation of the three 'M. edulis complex' members. Within the Southern hemisphere monophyletic clade lies three reciprocally monophyletic clades restricted to the geographic regions South America/Kerguelen Islands, New Zealand and Australia. Phylogeographic analysis indicates past gene flow between South American/Kerguelen Islands and New Zealand populations that has ceased at present day and ongoing gene flow between South America and the Kerguelen Islands likely via the West Wind Drift. Within NZ, population subdivision inferred from mtDNA indicates genetic variation is distributed within an east-west phylogeographic split on the North Island. These populations experienced gene flow in the past that has ceased at present day. Microsatellite allele frequencies indicate a different population subdivision within the… Advisors/Committee Members: Gardner, Jonathan.
Subjects/Keywords: Invasive species; Population genetics; New Zealand
Westfall, K. M. (2011). Molecular Ecology and Systematics of Blue Mussels (Genus Mytilus) (Mytilidae; Bivalvia; Mollusca) in the Southern Hemisphere . (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1815
Westfall, Kristen Marie. "Molecular Ecology and Systematics of Blue Mussels (Genus Mytilus) (Mytilidae; Bivalvia; Mollusca) in the Southern Hemisphere." 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1815.
Westfall, Kristen Marie. "Molecular Ecology and Systematics of Blue Mussels (Genus Mytilus) (Mytilidae; Bivalvia; Mollusca) in the Southern Hemisphere." 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Westfall KM. Molecular Ecology and Systematics of Blue Mussels (Genus Mytilus) (Mytilidae; Bivalvia; Mollusca) in the Southern Hemisphere. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1815.
Westfall KM. Molecular Ecology and Systematics of Blue Mussels (Genus Mytilus) (Mytilidae; Bivalvia; Mollusca) in the Southern Hemisphere. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1815
13. Braae, Nicholas. A Musicological Analysis of Nature's Best .
► Academic research on New Zealand popular music has primarily been conducted from historical and cultural perspectives. While asking important questions, these sources have rarely engaged… (more)
▼ Academic research on New Zealand popular music has primarily been conducted from historical and cultural perspectives. While asking important questions, these sources have rarely engaged with the musical details of New Zealand popular music. This thesis is a musicological analysis of the 100 songs from the three Nature's Best albums. The musical perspective complements the socio-cultural research on New Zealand popular music. The Nature's Best project was instigated by Mike Chunn in 2001 to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). All songwriting members of APRA and 100 celebrities and critics were invited to vote for their ten favourite New Zealand popular songs. Fourmyula's 1969 hit 'Nature' gained the most votes. The three Nature's Best CDs ranked the top 100 songs. The albums were a commercial success upon release in 2002 and 2003. This thesis analyses the 100 songs with regards to eight musical parameters: harmony, melodic construction, form, beat, length, tempo, introductory hooks and instrumental solos. The analytical methods were drawn from classical and popular musicology. Interviews with twelve songwriters were also conducted to gain alternative viewpoints on the analysis. The 100 songs provide a sample of New Zealand popular music from 1970 until 2000; thus, the analysis is useful for addressing questions of New Zealand musical style and traits. The results suggest New Zealand songwriters follow fundamental principles of Anglo-American songwriting, such as arched and balanced melodies, and forms based on repeated and contrasting sections. The harmonic language is similar to international artists of the same period; however, it appears 1970s and 1980s songwriters were more adventurous in this area compared with their 1990s counterparts. The instrumental solos were notable for an anti-virtuosic trait. It is argued this feature mirrors aspects of New Zealand identity. Advisors/Committee Members: Whalley, Ian (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: popular music; analysis; New Zealand
Braae, N. (2012). A Musicological Analysis of Nature's Best . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6605
Braae, Nicholas. "A Musicological Analysis of Nature's Best ." 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6605.
Braae, Nicholas. "A Musicological Analysis of Nature's Best ." 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Braae N. A Musicological Analysis of Nature's Best . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6605.
Braae N. A Musicological Analysis of Nature's Best . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6605
14. Tucek, Jenny Bianka. Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles.
Degree: Faculty of Science, 2014, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
► A beach conservation programme protecting nesting loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles in South Africa was started in 1963. As initial numbers… (more)
▼ A beach conservation programme protecting nesting loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles in South Africa was started in 1963. As initial numbers of nesting females were low for both species (107 loggerheads and 24 leatherbacks) it was proposed that the protection of eggs, hatchlings and nesting females along the nesting beach would induce population growth and prohibit local extinction. Today, 50 years later, the loggerhead population exceeds 650 females per annum, whereas the leatherback population counts about 65 nesting females per year. The trend for leatherback turtles is that the population has been stable for about 30 years whereas loggerheads are increasing exponentially. Thus, this thesis investigated several life-history traits to explain the differing responses to the ongoing beach conservation programme. Reproductive output and success were assessed for both species; it was hypothesised that environmental conditions are sub-optimal for leatherback turtles to reproduce successfully. It was ascertained that nesting loggerhead females deposit larger clutches than leatherbacks (112 ± SD 20 eggs and 100 ± SD 23 eggs, respectively), but that annual reproductive output per individual leatherback female exceeds that of loggerhead turtles (±700 eggs and ±448 eggs, respectively) because they exhibit a higher intra-seasonal nesting frequency (leatherbacks n = 7 and loggerheads n = 4 from Nel et al. 2013). Emergence success (i.e. the percentage of hatchlings produced) per nest was similar for both species (loggerhead 73.6 ± SD 27.68 % and leatherback turtles 73.8 ± SD 22.70 %), but as loggerhead turtles nest in greater numbers, i.e. producing more hatchlings per year, the absolute population growth potential favours the loggerhead turtle. The second factor investigated was sex ratio because sea turtles display temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) where extreme incubation temperatures can skew the sex ratio (i.e. feminising or masculinising a clutch). It was suspected that leatherback turtles are male-biased as this is the southern-most rookery (for both species). Further, leatherback nests are generally closer to the high tide mark, which might induce a cooling effect. Standard histological techniques were applied to sex hatchlings and a generalized linear model (GLM) was used to approximate annual sex ratio. Loggerhead sex ratio (2009 - 2011) was estimated at 86.9 ± SE 0.35 % female-biased; however, sufficient replication for the leatherback population was only obtained for season 2010, which indicated a 97.1 % (95 % CI 93.3 - 98.7) female bias. Both species are, thus, highly female-biased, and current sex ratio for leatherback turtles is not prohibiting population growth. Current sex ratios, however, are not necessarily indicative of sex ratios in the past which would have induced present population growth. Thus, to account for present population growth profiles, sex ratios from the past needed to be ascertained. Annual sex ratios (1997 - 2011) were modelled from…
Subjects/Keywords: Sea turtles – Population viability analysis – South Africa; Migratory animals – South Africa
Tucek, J. B. (2014). Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles . (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5032
Tucek, Jenny Bianka. "Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles." 2014. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5032.
Tucek, Jenny Bianka. "Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles." 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Tucek JB. Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5032.
Tucek JB. Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5032
15. Keith, David. FORECASTING FUTURES - THE EFFECT OF AGE, ABUNDANCE, AND HARVESTING ON THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF MARINE FISHES.
Degree: PhD, Department of Biology, 2014, Dalhousie University
► In the first part of this thesis I attempt to address some of the concerns regarding the stock-recruitment relationship that have been voiced over the… (more)
▼ In the first part of this thesis I attempt to address some of the concerns regarding the stock-recruitment relationship that have been voiced over the last 50 years. In chapter 2 I revisit the shape of the stock-recruitment relationship at low abundance. I show that at these low abundances an increase in productivity is not ubiquitous. In many populations the dynamics are essentially density independent after the populations decline below 40% of maximum historic SSB, and in some species the productivity actually starts to decline below this threshold. Given the weakening of compensation in many populations, in chapter 3 I examine how per capita harvest mortality changes with abundance. The results show that in the majority of populations, per capita mortality continues to increase with declines in abundance. In Chapter 4, I attempt to address concerns that have been raised about the effect of age structure on recruitment. Here, I break down the relationship to determine whether there is an effect of first time (virgin) or repeat spawners in terms of average size, and the relative abundance of large and small fish. The results suggest that these age-specific components of the spawning stock contribute differentially to recruitment across a wide range of species and populations. In Chapters 5 and 6 I change the focus and use a technique widely used in terrestrial ecology to estimate both the risk of collapse and the probability of persistence for numerous populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). In chapter 5 the models indicate that periods of unusually elevated recruitment are vital to the persistence of all the populations analyzed. In Chapter 6, I look specifically at the potential impact that different management actions and environmental variability may have on population recovery for an endangered Atlantic cod population in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Throughout this thesis, I attempt to address problems in fisheries science from a more ecological perspective than that traditionally used in fisheries science. More collaboration between ecologist scientists and fisheries scientist will only help to improve our understanding of population dynamics in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Andrew Cooper (external-examiner), Dr. Hal Whitehead (graduate-coordinator), Dr. Nancy Shackell (thesis-reader), Dr. Hal Whitehead (thesis-reader), Dr. Jeff Hutchings (thesis-supervisor), Not Applicable (ethics-approval), Yes (manuscripts), Yes (copyright-release).
Subjects/Keywords: Fisheries; Biology; Ecology; Population viability analysis; Allee effect; recovery; harvesting
Keith, D. (2014). FORECASTING FUTURES - THE EFFECT OF AGE, ABUNDANCE, AND HARVESTING ON THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF MARINE FISHES . (Doctoral Dissertation). Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10222/53966
Keith, David. "FORECASTING FUTURES - THE EFFECT OF AGE, ABUNDANCE, AND HARVESTING ON THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF MARINE FISHES." 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Dalhousie University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/53966.
Keith, David. "FORECASTING FUTURES - THE EFFECT OF AGE, ABUNDANCE, AND HARVESTING ON THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF MARINE FISHES." 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Keith D. FORECASTING FUTURES - THE EFFECT OF AGE, ABUNDANCE, AND HARVESTING ON THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF MARINE FISHES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Dalhousie University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/53966.
Keith D. FORECASTING FUTURES - THE EFFECT OF AGE, ABUNDANCE, AND HARVESTING ON THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF MARINE FISHES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Dalhousie University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/53966
16. [No author]. Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa.
► Long-lived, top-level predators, such as some marine mammals, serve as important indicators of ecosystem health. Assessing the abundance and habitat use of such marine top… (more)
▼ Long-lived, top-level predators, such as some marine mammals, serve as important indicators of ecosystem health. Assessing the abundance and habitat use of such marine top predators is essential for the formulation of effective conservation and management actions. There is considerable concern over the viability of small humpback dolphin opulations across a global scale and a number of studies have raised concerns over their vulnerability to extinction. In light of the recent uplisting of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (Sousa plumbea) to 'Endangered' on the South African Red Data list, there is an urgent need for a greater understanding of the abundance and spatial distribution of this species along the South African coastline. Using small vessels as survey platforms between March 2014 and June 2015, this study attempted to determine the abundance, spatial distribution and habitat preferences of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins along 150 km of South Africa's south coast. A further aim was to assess the utilisation of the current Marine Protected Area network by humpback dolphins along this coastline relative to areas outside of formal protection. Mark-recapture methods applied to photo-identification data produced abundance estimates of 84 individuals (95% CI: 72-115) within the study area for both open and closed models. An average group size of 3.94 individuals (range 1-12; SD = ± 2.82) was observed during the study, indicating a decrease in average group size of ~45 % from a previous assessment in 2002/03. Such a decline in group size could potentially be a result of a change in social structure in response to reduced prey availability. Spatial analyses of humpback dolphin geographic positions, using a kernel density estimator (KDE) and effort-weighted density grid analyses, indicate that the species is unevenly distributed over the coastal zone within the area. Sightings occurred at the highest densities within Buffels Bay and along Goukamma MPA, followed by Plettenberg Bay, Nature's Valley, and around the Bloukrans, Elandsbos and Groot River East mouths. Habitat preference was assessed using a standard classification-based method and the results indicate a strong preference, in particular, for Dissipative Intermediate Sandy Coast habitat, followed by Very Exposed Rocky Coast, Intermediate Sandy Coast, Estuarine Shore, Mixed Shore and Inshore Reef habitats. Areas of high humpback dolphin densities appear to be associated with these habitat types, especially with Dissipative-Intermediate Sandy Coast habitat. Humpback dolphins were sighted at relatively low densities along stretches of coastline consisting predominately of Exposed Rocky Shore habitat. Long expanses of this habitat type may limit humpback dolphin movements along the coast. The observed patterns in distribution and habitat preferences may be linked to the availability of prey and/or the avoidance of predators. Average sightings per kilometer travelled (SPUE) indicate that the utilisation of the Robberg and Tsitsikamma MPAs by humpback dolphins was low,…
Subjects/Keywords: Sousa – Population viability analysis – South Africa; Sousa – Habitat – South Africa
author], [. (2017). Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa . (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15556
author], [No. "Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa." 2017. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15556.
author], [No. "Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa." 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
author] [. Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15556.
author] [. Population status and habitat use of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (sousa plumbea) along the south coast of South Africa. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15556
17. Loftis, Ellen E. Population Viability of Mega-Herbivores in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, in a Climate Change Context.
Degree: Wildlife & Fisheries Biology, 2015, University of Vermont
URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/61
► Declines in wildlife populations represent a serious environmental threat. One cause of declines has been climate change, which has led to increased aridity and… (more)
▼ Declines in wildlife populations represent a serious environmental threat. One cause of declines has been climate change, which has led to increased aridity and droughts in some systems, such as the savannah ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change is expected to result in more frequent and intense droughts and the effects on wildlife populations are largely unknown. I examined impacts of droughts on wildlife in Manyara Ranch, a community-run conservation area in Tanzania, by assessing population trends of herbivores collected over the past decade and modeling the viability of these populations into the future under different scenarios of drought periodicity and intensity. Densities of nine herbivore species were estimated on a yearly basis from 2003 to 2014. These densities were then used to create species-specific PVAs, including models examining the impacts of various periodicities (5-, 10-, and 20-year increments) and intensities (population reductions of 10%, 20%, and 30%). Baseline population persistence varied between species from 0% to 100%, while sensitivity models trended towards most species showing significantly lower persistence percentages for more frequent and intense droughts, particularly with high intensity droughts every five years. Elephants demonstrated the lowest persistence with or without droughts, while Grant's gazelle had the highest persistence throughout all models. Continued monitoring of populations is a necessity, and increased actions should be taken to preserve populations of priority species, including protecting migratory routes and limiting poaching. Advisors/Committee Members: Jed Murdoch.
Subjects/Keywords: population viability analysis; distance sampling; Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem; wildlife density
Loftis, E. E. (2015). Population Viability of Mega-Herbivores in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, in a Climate Change Context . (Thesis). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/61
Loftis, Ellen E. "Population Viability of Mega-Herbivores in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, in a Climate Change Context." 2015. Thesis, University of Vermont. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/61.
Loftis, Ellen E. "Population Viability of Mega-Herbivores in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, in a Climate Change Context." 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Loftis EE. Population Viability of Mega-Herbivores in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, in a Climate Change Context. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/61.
Loftis EE. Population Viability of Mega-Herbivores in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, in a Climate Change Context. [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2015. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/61
18. Mhatre, Snehal Subhash. Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina.
Degree: PhD, Biological Sciences, 2018, Clemson University
URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2120
► The environmental effects of energy production are well known, yet its exact impacts on freshwater resources are often difficult to recognize and measure. Freshwater mussels… (more)
▼ The environmental effects of energy production are well known, yet its exact impacts on freshwater resources are often difficult to recognize and measure. Freshwater mussels are extremely imperiled organisms which act as sentinels of freshwater streams and are greatly understudied in context of their drastic decline caused in part due to large water demands by the energy sector. I sought to estimate historic, current and forecasted water use by electricity generation at national, regional and local- scale. To relate the impacts of water-use by electricity generation on freshwater mussels, I conducted occupancy surveys for eight freshwater mussel species in Savannah River Basin, South Carolina. I modeled landscape and local factors potentially influencing occupancy and assessed whether the occupancy of species indicated vulnerability to the presence of impoundments. I also modeled the viability of the endangered Carolina heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata) metapopulation in response to habitat loss caused by water appropriation associated with the energy sector. The results suggest that water-use is projected to increase in the future irrespective of clean energy policies and variety of energy mix. The water consumption is predicted to increase at a local scale and the water withdrawals will vary spatially and temporally. The site occupancy varied with species and was significantly correlated with local habitat factors such as stream width and substrate heterogeneity and landscape driven factors such as % forest and presence of impoundment. The Carolina heelsplitter metapopulation exhibited a gradual decline in response to both habitat degradation and fragmentation for both effective population sizes, but the effect was more significant at lower population sizes. The findings of this dissertation suggest that mussel assemblages in the Savannah river basin are more likely to benefit from habitat restoration than the removal of dispersal barriers and management efforts for threatened mussel species should prioritize habitat protection and restoration. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Alan R. Johnson, Committee Chair, Dr. Kyle Barrett, Dr. John Hains, Dr. John Rodgers, Jr..
Subjects/Keywords: freshwater mussels; occupancy models; population viability analysis; water-electricity nexus
Mhatre, S. S. (2018). Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina . (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2120
Mhatre, Snehal Subhash. "Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina." 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2120.
Mhatre, Snehal Subhash. "Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina." 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Mhatre SS. Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2120.
Mhatre SS. Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2018. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2120
19. Howell, Paige Elizabeth. Spatially explicit metapopulation models for informing conservation.
Degree: 2018, University of Georgia
► For many species, populations exist as highly fragmented subpopulations linked by dispersal. To manage for long-term metapopulation viability effectively, information is needed about the factors… (more)
▼ For many species, populations exist as highly fragmented subpopulations linked by dispersal. To manage for long-term metapopulation viability effectively, information is needed about the factors influencing local subpopulation dynamics and connectivity among subpopulations. The objectives of my dissertation were to 1) improve the linkages between metapopulation and landscape ecology by developing spatially-explicit dynamic metapopulation models allowing for inference about local and landscape-level processes, 2) expand on existing metapopulation models by modeling spatio-temporal variation in density, 3) evaluate hypotheses regarding the effects of patch hydroperiod, landscape structure, and density-dependence on metapopulation dynamics using statistical models, and 4) provide management recommendations to enhance the viability of the Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis). Colonization rate was influenced by patch hydroperiod, elevation and the spatial distribution of streambeds. Patch-specific growth rates were density-dependent and influenced by hydroperiod. The proportion of occupied ponds increased initially from the reintroduction of tadpoles into three ponds in 2003 to 18 (95% CI; 12, 33) of the 274 available ponds occupied in 2017. Metapopulation extinction risk over a 25-yr time horizon (2018-2043) with static environmental conditions was predicted to be low (7%) if invasive predator control continues and permanent ponds are maintained. However, under a scenario of increasing drought conditions, extinction risk is substantially higher, particularly in the most pessimistic scenario where some ponds fail and there is no management (40%). Results from my dissertation illustrate the utility of spatially-explicit statistical models for understanding the processes underlying metapopulation dynamics and forecasting metapopulation viability, while formally accounting for uncertainty.
Subjects/Keywords: Chiricahua leopard frog; Conservation; Metapopulation; Population viability analysis; Spatially-explicit
Howell, P. E. (2018). Spatially explicit metapopulation models for informing conservation . (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/38336
Howell, Paige Elizabeth. "Spatially explicit metapopulation models for informing conservation." 2018. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/38336.
Howell, Paige Elizabeth. "Spatially explicit metapopulation models for informing conservation." 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Howell PE. Spatially explicit metapopulation models for informing conservation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/38336.
Howell PE. Spatially explicit metapopulation models for informing conservation. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/38336
20. Meissner, Anna M. Marine mammal tourism in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : effects, implications and management : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand .
Degree: 2015, Massey University
► Worldwide expansion of marine mammal tourism over recent decades has raised international concerns in terms of the effects of these tourism practices on the species… (more)
▼ Worldwide expansion of marine mammal tourism over recent decades has raised international concerns in terms of the effects of these tourism practices on the species they target. Moreover, the growth and success of the industry have often outpaced conservation planning, including in New Zealand. To illustrate, tour vessels have been operating for ca. 25 years in the Bay of Plenty (BOP), situated on the east coast of North Island, New Zealand. By 2010, a total of eight permits had been granted across the region. However, development of this local industry occurred without any baseline data on species occurrence, distribution, habitat use or behaviour. This study sought to assess the historical occurrence of the marine mammal species off the BOP and determine their spatial and temporal distribution. Current distribution, density and group dynamics were examined for common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) and New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri), the two most frequently encountered species in the BOP and therefore, the primarily targeted species by tour operators. The extent of anthropogenic interactions with common dolphins was investigated and their effects on dolphin behaviour examined. The number of common dolphin individuals closely interacting with tour vessels was estimated and dolphin-vessel interactions were quantified to assess repetitive encounters. In the absence of previously undertaken systematic dedicated surveys, the present study investigated the historical spatial and temporal occurrence of dolphins, whales and pinnipeds in the BOP region. The examination of opportunistic data, collected between December 2000 and November 2010 via various platforms of opportunity including but not limited to tour vessels, identified fourteen species of dolphins, whales and pinnipeds occurring in the region. Confidence criteria in successful species identification were assigned based on observer expertise, diagnostic features of reported species and percentage of records reported by observer type. Common dolphins were the most frequently encountered species, followed by killer whales (Orcinus orca), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and New Zealand fur seals, other species being infrequently encountered. A detailed examination of common dolphin habitat use revealed discrepancies with previous findings (e.g. higher use of shallower waters), possibly explained by inherent biases to the opportunistic dataset. Dedicated surveys, conducted between November 2010 and May 2013, investigated the current distribution, density and habitat use of common dolphins and New Zealand fur seals. Both species exhibited a strong seasonality with contrasting occurrence in summer and autumn for common dolphins and in winter and spring for fur seals. Dolphin seasonality is suggested to be linked to movements into deeper offshore waters and/or potentially to neighbouring regions (i.e. the Hauraki Gulf) and most likely related to foraging opportunities. Fur seal seasonality suggests that the western BOP supports a non-breeding colony…
Subjects/Keywords: Common dolphin; Marine mammals; Southern fur seals; Behaviour; Ecotourism; Tourism; Environmental aspects; Bay of Plenty; New Zealand
Meissner, A. M. (2015). Marine mammal tourism in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : effects, implications and management : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand . (Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/9997
Meissner, Anna M. "Marine mammal tourism in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : effects, implications and management : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand ." 2015. Thesis, Massey University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/9997.
Meissner, Anna M. "Marine mammal tourism in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : effects, implications and management : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand ." 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Meissner AM. Marine mammal tourism in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : effects, implications and management : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand . [Internet] [Thesis]. Massey University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/9997.
Meissner AM. Marine mammal tourism in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand : effects, implications and management : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Ecology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand . [Thesis]. Massey University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/9997
21. Mickelberg, Jennifer L. Understanding and Managing Isolation in a Fragmented Population of Golden Lion Tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia .
Degree: 2011, George Mason University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/6337
► Habitat fragmentation is one of the most pervasive threats affecting wildlife populations around the world. The resulting fragments are often small and isolated, increasing a… (more)
▼ Habitat fragmentation is one of the most pervasive threats affecting wildlife populations around the world. The resulting fragments are often small and isolated, increasing a population's risk of extinction. Demographic variation, such as fluctuation in birth or death rates, can cause a small population's numbers to plunge so low that recovery is impossible. Due to lack of gene flow, small, isolated populations eventually lose genetic diversity, become inbred, and suffer from inbreeding depression. These threats, however, can be reduced if there is some movement of animals, and gene flow, between populations. Unfortunately, movement of individuals between populations is restricted due to often unsuitable or even hostile environments separating the populations. Improving connectivity in these cases is vital for long term population persistence and viability. Therefore it is critical for conservation planning to include strategies that promote gene flow and metapopulation management strategies. The path to creating these successful plans begins with an understanding of the population's status and the factors that affect movement in a fragmented landscape. The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia; GLT), an endangered primate native to the Atlantic Coastal forest in Brazil, lives in a landscape that is highly fragmented providing a perfect platform to investigate the effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic status, movement, and long-term population viability. Currently around 1,600 GLTs are divided among at least 7 isolated populations (management units). The first study in this dissertation evaluates the genetic status of the reintroduced population of golden lion tamarins and determines if future reintroductions from captivity could further contribute to the wild population's genetic diversity. Results indicate that the overall genetic status of the reintroduced GLT population is favorable; the population is currently maintaining relatively high levels of genetic diversity. However, this population is small and fragmented and is still at risk. Further reintroductions could enhance the genetic diversity and carefully selected translocations could help increase the genetic diversity of the isolated management units. This study demonstrates the power of using pedigree analysis for assessing wild populations and further using this information to make management recommendations for the conservation of the species. The second study investigates the level of connectivity in the GLT reintroduced population as well as factors that affect movement by examining the movements that occurred between groups and populations. This study demonstrates that distance is the most important factor that will affect movement in this fragmented population. Additionally, movement within seemingly connected habitats can actually be quite limited such that within a single management unit, there may be functional units that do not have movement between them despite their structural connectivity. From the 7 management units that… Advisors/Committee Members: Rockwood, Larry L (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Golden Lion Tamarin; fragmentation; population viability analysis; pedigree analysis; connectivity; genetic management
Mickelberg, J. L. (2011). Understanding and Managing Isolation in a Fragmented Population of Golden Lion Tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia . (Thesis). George Mason University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1920/6337
Mickelberg, Jennifer L. "Understanding and Managing Isolation in a Fragmented Population of Golden Lion Tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia ." 2011. Thesis, George Mason University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/6337.
Mickelberg, Jennifer L. "Understanding and Managing Isolation in a Fragmented Population of Golden Lion Tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia ." 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Mickelberg JL. Understanding and Managing Isolation in a Fragmented Population of Golden Lion Tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia . [Internet] [Thesis]. George Mason University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/6337.
Mickelberg JL. Understanding and Managing Isolation in a Fragmented Population of Golden Lion Tamarins, Leontopithecus rosalia . [Thesis]. George Mason University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/6337
University of Hawaii – Manoa
22. Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean. Evaluating Population Viability and Conservation Options for The Endangered Puaiohi.
Degree: 2017, University of Hawaii – Manoa
Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2016.
Evolution in the Hawaiian Islands has produced a unique assemblage of forest birds. Unfortunately, many of these species… (more)
Evolution in the Hawaiian Islands has produced a unique assemblage of forest birds. Unfortunately, many of these species are highly endangered or extinct. Despite numerous threats and great effort aimed at saving endemic birds, we lack basic science necessary for understanding many species of concern, including the endangered puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri). Currently, the puaiohi's breeding population is estimated at 500 birds restricted to the Alaka'i Wilderness Preserve on Kaua'i. Given its small population and restricted range, understanding the conditions that affect the species' population dynamics is essential. Hence, the goals of this dissertation were to: investigate links between precipitation and temperature in the puaiohi's range and reproductive success; represent puaiohi population dynamics under current and potential management scenarios to determine management's potential efficacy in aiding species recovery; and, investigate which management activities might supply the most cost-effective species management. Management scenarios included rat management, habitat improvement (habitat restoration or supplemental feeding), provision of nest boxes, and translocation of an additional population to another island. Total rainfall in the previous wet season and mean rainfall during the breeding season positively correlated with most nest success variables. Female and juvenile survival most influenced puaiohi population viability, indicating that management should focus on increasing female and juvenile survival. Rat control, even at conservative levels, was the most effective method of increasing puaiohi abundance. While translocation offers hope of increasing puaiohi population and decreasing extinction risk, success depends on the conditions established at the release site. In addition, re-establishment of the puaiohi captive breeding program may be necessary to provide enough birds to translocate. Management costs over the 25 years modeled ranged from 378,701 to 245,213,905, with translocation being one of the most cost-effective means of managing puaiohi and supplemental feeding the least. Cost-efficiency of rat control varied based on scale and method, and restoration of habitat was moderately cost-effective. Findings indicate that practical, attainable management activities can increase puaiohi and bring it back from the brink of extinction. These findings provide a model for other endangered species conservation efforts.
Subjects/Keywords: Economic analysis; Hawaiian forest birds; Myadestes palmeri; Population viability analysis; Small Kaua'i thrush
Fantle-Lepczyk, J. (2017). Evaluating Population Viability and Conservation Options for The Endangered Puaiohi . (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51597
Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean. "Evaluating Population Viability and Conservation Options for The Endangered Puaiohi." 2017. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51597.
Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean. "Evaluating Population Viability and Conservation Options for The Endangered Puaiohi." 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Fantle-Lepczyk J. Evaluating Population Viability and Conservation Options for The Endangered Puaiohi. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51597.
Fantle-Lepczyk J. Evaluating Population Viability and Conservation Options for The Endangered Puaiohi. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/51597
23. Huisamen, Johan. Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences.
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006438
► The Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus colony at the Robberg Peninsula, Plettenberg Bay, on the south-east coast of South Africa, was driven to extirpation… (more)
▼ The Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus colony at the Robberg Peninsula, Plettenberg Bay, on the south-east coast of South Africa, was driven to extirpation by indiscriminate harvesting by the late 1800s and seals only began to recolonise this site in the 1990s. This study describes the recolonisation process from 2000 to 2009, exploring within- and between-year variation in the number of seals using the site. Numbers increased over the study period from less than 300 animals to over 3 100. Year and month were important in explaining variability in seal counts, whereas sea condition, time of day and lunar phase had minimal explanatory power. Within-year variation in seal counts decreased during the study period, which may indicate an increasing proportion of resident (as opposed to transient) seals in the colony. However, the colony is currently still in a transition phase with a low ratio of breeding to non-breeding animals and low numbers of pups born on the colony (currently still < 100 per year). The influx of seals to the Robberg area may be associated with an increase in prey availability in the area. The relative protection afforded by the Nature Reserve status of the Robberg Peninsula and the existence of a Marine Protected Area adjacent to it are likely to contribute to the growth of this colony. However, human interference associated with fishing and/or ecotourism on the Peninsula may prevent the colony from developing into a breeding colony. Faecal (scat) sampling was employed to study the diet of this increasing seal population at Robberg. Species composition and size of prey were determined, temporal variation in the diet was explored, and the potential for competition between seals and the fisheries around Plettenberg Bay was investigated. Of the 445 scats collected, 90 % contained hard prey remains. These comprised of 3 127 identified otoliths representing 15 teleost prey species, 25 cephalopod beaks representing three 6 species and three feathers representing two bird species. The seals' most important prey species in terms of numerical abundance and frequency of occurrence in the diet were anchovy, sardine, horse mackerel, sand tongue-fish and shallow-water hake (in decreasing order of importance). The proportion of anchovy in the diet increased during the study period, while sardine decreased. Sardine was the only species that increased significantly in the diet during the upwelling season. Little evidence was found of direct competition between seals and linefisheries in Plettenberg Bay, both in terms of prey species composition and quantities consumed. Scat sampling in seals holds promise as a method to track long-term changes in prey species availability. The conservation and management of this colony are discussed in light of the research findings.
Subjects/Keywords: South African fur seal – South Africa – Plettenberg Bay; South African fur seal – Food – South Africa – Plettenberg Bay
Huisamen, J. (2012). Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences . (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006438
Huisamen, Johan. "Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences." 2012. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006438.
Huisamen, Johan. "Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences." 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Huisamen J. Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006438.
Huisamen J. Recolonisation of the Robberg Peninsula by the Cape Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus and its prey preferences. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1006438
Univerzitet u Beogradu
24. Velevski, Metodija A., 1977-. Одлике животне историје и дистрибуције беле кање Neophron percnopterus у Републици Македонији.
Degree: Biološki fakultet, 2014, Univerzitet u Beogradu
URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7849/bdef:Content/get
Биологија - Морфологија, систематика и филогенија животиња / Biology - Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny of Animals
Бела кања Neophron percnopterus (Aves: Accipitridae) је глобално угрожени,… (more)
Бела кања Neophron percnopterus (Aves: Accipitridae) је глобално угрожени, мали, опортунистички, моногамни, углавном солитарни и дугоживећи лешинар, распрострањен у јужним деловима Европе, Блиског Истока, Кавказа, централне Азије, Индије, и северне Африке, са светском популацијом од 13000-41000 адултних јединки. Популација у Европи броји око 3300-5050 парова. Глобална популација је забележила драматични пад, интензиван и у Европи, и већ је потпуно нестала са неких делова Балкана. У Европи се антропогени фактори, нарочито тровање, уништавање станишта, редукција извора хране и узнемиравање, сматрају за најозбиљније факторе угрожавања. Македонска популација белих кања је пала за око 86% у задње три декаде, и за безмало 50% током задњих 10 година, да би бројала само око 21 пар на почетку 2012. године. Зато, циљеви овог рада су: да се прикаже рецентна дистрибуција беле кање у Републици Македонији, да се анализира тренд популације и промене у просторној дистрибуцији парова и њихова густина гнежђења, да увид у репродуктивне параметре врсте, идентификују најзначајнији фактори за пад популације уз анализу фактора који утичу на опстанак територија и на праметре гнежђења. Исто тако, у циљу ефетивне заштите врсте, одређује се највероватна судбине популације беле кање у Македонији, утврђује се њен национални статус угрожености, и идентификују се најбоље мере заштите за очување ове врсте. Теренска истраживања су вршена у периоду 2003. - 2011. године, узимајући територију као јединицу посматрања да би се одредила величина и тренд популације. Просторне анализе су рађење у GIS-у, коришћењем χ2 за одређивање фрекфенције дистрибуције, G-статистике као меру равномерности дистрибуције гнезда и Mann-Whitney U-test за одређивање значајности тих промена, уз прорачунавање густине гнежђења. Гнездећи параметри (продуктивност популације, успех гнежђења и стопа пролетавања) су били праћени у периоду 2006. – 2011., а поређења између парова и година су урађена једнофакторском ANOVA-ом...
Advisors/Committee Members: Tomović, Ljiljana, 1971-.
Subjects/Keywords: breeding parameters; conservation; distribution; environmental factors; life history characteristics; population trend; population density; population viability analysis; regression trees; VORTEX
Velevski, Metodija A., 1. (2014). Одлике животне историје и дистрибуције беле кање Neophron percnopterus у Републици Македонији . (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7849/bdef:Content/get
Velevski, Metodija A., 1977-. "Одлике животне историје и дистрибуције беле кање Neophron percnopterus у Републици Македонији." 2014. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7849/bdef:Content/get.
Velevski, Metodija A., 1977-. "Одлике животне историје и дистрибуције беле кање Neophron percnopterus у Републици Македонији." 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Velevski, Metodija A. 1. Одлике животне историје и дистрибуције беле кање Neophron percnopterus у Републици Македонији. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7849/bdef:Content/get.
Velevski, Metodija A. 1. Одлике животне историје и дистрибуције беле кање Neophron percnopterus у Републици Македонији. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2014. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7849/bdef:Content/get
25. Fossmo, Kristian. Lax (Salmon salar) i Klarälven – Betydelsen av smolt, lekfisk och kelt för populationsutvecklingen.
Degree: Environmental and Life Sciences, 2017, Karlstad University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54871
Modellering av populationer kan vara till stor hjälp för bevarandebiologin i form av att hjälpa till att utvärdera en potentiell respons hos populationer vid… (more)
Modellering av populationer kan vara till stor hjälp för bevarandebiologin i form av att hjälpa till att utvärdera en potentiell respons hos populationer vid olika hypotetiska åtgärder. En mer effektiv naturvård kan således utvecklas med hjälp av de resultat som modelleringar ger. Denna studie presenterar resultaten av modelleringar för hypotetiskt minskad mortalitet i olika livsstadier för den sjövandrande populationen lax i Klarälven. Modellerna är utformade i programmet Vortex. De olika scenarier som modellerats skiljer sig åt i överlevnadsfrekvenser hos olika åldersgrupper hos laxen. Även en modellering på den potentiella betydelsen av kelten gjordes, då kelten troligtvis kan komma att ha stor påverkan på populationsstorleken. Denna studie visar på att minskad mortalitet på smolt vid smoltvandring och detta i kombination med ökad habitat kvalitet och kvantitet hade stor påverkan på populationsstorleken mot det grundscenario som uppvisar hög mortalitet. Trots detta var risken för en utdöd population inom 50 år fortsatt relativ stor och var 37 %. Idag leker laxen endast en gång under sin livstid i Klarälven. När laxen fick en simulerad chans att leka en extra gång under sin livstid, genom en ökad livslängd på ett år, reducerades risken för en utdöd population inom 50 år till endast 2 %.
The modeling of populations can be a great help for conservation biology in terms of helping to evaluate a potential response in populations to different hypothetical conservation measures. A more effective conservation approach can thus be attained with help from the results shown in the models. This study presents the results of modelling for hypothetically reduced mortalities at different life stages for the lake migrating population salmon in Klarälven. The models were developed in the program Vortex. The different scenarios that have been simulated differ in the mortality rates for different age classes within the salmon population. A simulation on the importance of kelt was also done, because the kelt can have a potentially big impact on population growth. This study shows that reduced mortalities during smolt migration in combination with an increase in habitat quality and quantity, had a significant effect on the population size compared with the scenario with relatively high mortality rates. Even though the population size was considerably higher for this scenario, the probability for the population to go extinct in the next 50 years was still relatively high at 37 %. Today the salmon only spawn once in their lifetime in the River Klarälven. When the salmon were given the opportunity to spawn one extra time, by prolonging their lifespan by one year, the probability of extinction in the next 50 years was reduced to only 2 %.
Subjects/Keywords: Population Viability Analysis; Salmon salar; Klarälven; populationsutveckling; kelt; smolt; modellering; populations modell; PVA; Population Viability Analysis; Vortex; konnektivitet; mortalitet; Natural Sciences; Naturvetenskap
Fossmo, K. (2017). Lax (Salmon salar) i Klarälven – Betydelsen av smolt, lekfisk och kelt för populationsutvecklingen . (Thesis). Karlstad University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54871
Fossmo, Kristian. "Lax (Salmon salar) i Klarälven – Betydelsen av smolt, lekfisk och kelt för populationsutvecklingen." 2017. Thesis, Karlstad University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54871.
Fossmo, Kristian. "Lax (Salmon salar) i Klarälven – Betydelsen av smolt, lekfisk och kelt för populationsutvecklingen." 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Fossmo K. Lax (Salmon salar) i Klarälven – Betydelsen av smolt, lekfisk och kelt för populationsutvecklingen. [Internet] [Thesis]. Karlstad University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54871.
Fossmo K. Lax (Salmon salar) i Klarälven – Betydelsen av smolt, lekfisk och kelt för populationsutvecklingen. [Thesis]. Karlstad University; 2017. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54871
26. [No author]. Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve .
Degree: 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12132009-154240/
► The exact ecological and economic role of lion Panthera leo populations on small enclosed reserves is poorly understood. The management and monitoring of such populations… (more)
▼ The exact ecological and economic role of lion Panthera leo populations on small enclosed reserves is poorly understood. The management and monitoring of such populations is important to ensure their long-term survival. The prey use, range use and habitat selection of an isolated lion population were investigated. The study was conducted on a small (> 1000km2), enclosed predator camp of Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, situated in the Northern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. The prey selection, prey preferences and prey biomass removal were determined by using indirect and direct observations. Kill sites, carcasses and scats were located by spoor tracking and opportunistic observations and collated into a prey selection list. The prey selection was used to determine any prey preferences and the prey biomass removal by the lion population. The scats data was corrected for relative prey biomass and compared to the kill data and uncorrected scat data. 19 prey types were used, with the gemsbok Oryx gazelle and blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus being utilized most. The lion population had clear preferences for specific small and large mammals which concurred with other studies done on Kalahari lion behaviour. The prey biomass removal (9.9kg/Lion feeding Unit/day) was higher than several other studies done on lion consumption rates. The range use and habitat selection were determined by using direct and indirect observations. The minimum convex polygon method and kernel density estimates were used to delineate the ranges of the lion population. The mean range size of the Tswalu lions (91 km2) was similar to those found for lions in more mesic environments. The lions also had clear habitat preferences which depended on the habitat preferences of the prey and the prey density. A population viability analysis, using VORTEX 9.72, was conducted. An Ecological capacity was determined and used to model various environmental scenarios. The population was found to be viable, but constant monitoring and updating are needed. Management recommendations for the conservation of lions and their prey are provided. Advisors/Committee Members: Prof J du P Bothma (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Prey use; Habitat selection; Range use; Small reserve; Kalahari; Lions; Population viability analysis; UCTD
author], [. (2010). Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12132009-154240/
author], [No. "Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve ." 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12132009-154240/.
author], [No. "Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve ." 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
author] [. Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12132009-154240/.
author] [. Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12132009-154240/
27. Eberhart-Phillips, Luke J. Population viability of snowy plovers in coastal northern California.
Degree: MS, Natural Resources: Wildlife, 2012, Humboldt State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/949
► For endangered metapopulations, the roles of source-sink dynamics are easily overlooked or not fully understood when formulating delisting requirements. This could lead to unrealistic recovery… (more)
▼ For endangered metapopulations, the roles of source-sink dynamics are easily overlooked or not fully understood when formulating delisting requirements. This could lead to unrealistic recovery criteria imposed on sink populations, which in turn might restrict the entire metapopulation from being delisted. Therefore, an understanding of the viability of sink populations within the context of source populations is needed to develop appropriate conservation objectives. Consequently, I conducted a population viability analysis on the small geographically isolated northern California population of the snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus), a shorebird that is listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. The threatened status of the plover results from three factors that limit population recovery: 1) predation by native and introduced vertebrates, 2) encroachment of invasive vegetation in breeding habitats, and 3) human disturbance. I utilized 11 years of mark-recapture, productivity, and movement data to explore population viability under various management scenarios that addressed the three limiting factors within the framework of surrounding source populations. I also investigated how viability is influenced by periodic over-winter catastrophes that reduce survival. Simulations confirmed that the northern California population is a sink that relies upon immigrants originating from surrounding populations such as Oregon, San Francisco Bay, and Monterey Bay. Within the next 50 years, simulations revealed that these source populations will increase and are likely to achieve the delisting requirements. However, the northern California population is unlikely to reach the delisting criteria given the current vital rate estimations. Management scenarios demonstrated that reducing human disturbance through the use of symbolic fencing and the restriction of recreational vehicle use on beaches occupied by plovers provides benefits to the local population that may partially alleviate the reliance upon immigration. Lethal predator management was also found to be effective at growing the population; however the use of nest exclosures reduced current population growth because they are known to compromise the survival of incubating adults, the most ???elastic??? vital rate in northern California. The dependence of northern California upon immigration highlights the importance of continued plover management in source populations. A cold winter weather catastrophe was an influential phenomenon affecting population growth in northern California, and is likely a major factor contributing to its status as a sink because these catastrophes trigger large stochastic shifts in adult and juvenile survival. Sink populations such as northern California may be important for the viability of the greater metapopulation. Therefore I recommend that the protection and maintenance of productive source populations should be a priority for snowy plover management, however the preservation of the northern California population… Advisors/Committee Members: Colwell, Mark A..
Subjects/Keywords: Charadrius nivosus; Mark-recapture; Northern California; Population viability analysis; Snowy plover; Source-sink; Survival
Eberhart-Phillips, L. J. (2012). Population viability of snowy plovers in coastal northern California . (Masters Thesis). Humboldt State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2148/949
Eberhart-Phillips, Luke J. "Population viability of snowy plovers in coastal northern California." 2012. Masters Thesis, Humboldt State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2148/949.
Eberhart-Phillips, Luke J. "Population viability of snowy plovers in coastal northern California." 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Eberhart-Phillips LJ. Population viability of snowy plovers in coastal northern California. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/949.
Eberhart-Phillips LJ. Population viability of snowy plovers in coastal northern California. [Masters Thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/949
University of California – Riverside
28. Rueda-Cediel, Pamela. Effects of Variability, Error, and Time Series Length on Population Predictions.
Degree: Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 2015, University of California – Riverside
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/31d961tn
► Global biodiversity is fundamental for human welfare as ecosystem services, agricultural crops, and even human health depend on its preservation. Identifying strengths and shortcomings of… (more)
▼ Global biodiversity is fundamental for human welfare as ecosystem services, agricultural crops, and even human health depend on its preservation. Identifying strengths and shortcomings of current conservation risk assessment practices is of great importance given the current biodiversity crisis. Population viability analyses (PVA) are quantitative tools used to perform such risk assessments by modeling population dynamics. Variation in PVAs includes the type of population model used and the quantity and quality of the data available to parameterize the models. In this dissertation, I use computer simulations to evaluate the performance of two commonly used models (Matrix and Scalar) that have different data requirements. The first study evaluates the combined effects of environmental variability, measurement error and data quantity on the percent population decline estimates generated using matrix and scalar PVA for two different life histories. It was observed that measurement error has a stronger detrimental effect on projected decline than data quantity. Additionally, scalar models projected declines quite well relative to matrix models. The latter tend to be over-precautionary. The second study expanded the findings from the first by evaluating if the same results hold on a widely used decision-making framework—Red List Category of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Results supported previous conclusions and provided evidence that scalar models can successfully be used in conservation decision-making with moderate levels of variability and uncertainty. The third study evaluates the reliability of population decline projections and their subsequent use in the Red List in the face of variability and uncertainty across life histories with different generation times. It was observed that increments in generation time could either increase or decrease the reliability of model predictions depending on the underlying growth rate. Specifically, both matrix and scalar models are more suitable for organisms with "slow" life histories than organisms with "fast" life histories. Overall, these studies highlight three important conclusions regarding the use of matrix and scalar models under high levels of variability and uncertainty: 1) percent population declines estimated with scalar models tend to be more accurate than for matrix models, 2) matrix models tend to over-estimate population declines, and 3) variability leads to greater errors in IUCN Red List classifications than measurement error for both models.
Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Extinction risk; Matrix models; Population viability analysis; Scalar models; Time series; Variability
Rueda-Cediel, P. (2015). Effects of Variability, Error, and Time Series Length on Population Predictions . (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/31d961tn
Rueda-Cediel, Pamela. "Effects of Variability, Error, and Time Series Length on Population Predictions." 2015. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/31d961tn.
Rueda-Cediel, Pamela. "Effects of Variability, Error, and Time Series Length on Population Predictions." 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Rueda-Cediel P. Effects of Variability, Error, and Time Series Length on Population Predictions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/31d961tn.
Rueda-Cediel P. Effects of Variability, Error, and Time Series Length on Population Predictions. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/31d961tn
29. Roxburgh, David James. Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve.
Degree: Animal and Wildlife Sciences, 2010, University of Pretoria
Roxburgh, D. (2010). Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30349
Roxburgh, David. "Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve." 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30349.
Roxburgh, David. "Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve." 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Roxburgh D. Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30349.
Roxburgh D. Prey and range use of lions on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30349
30. Stamenković, Srđan Ž., 1961-. Modelovanje ekoloških niša Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis (Sauria, Lacertidae) u eumediteranu i submediteranu istočnog Jadrana.
Ekologija - Modeliranje ekoloških niša / Ecology - Ecological niche modelling
Rad obuhvata modelovanje ekoloških niša dve vrste guštera Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis na… (more)
Rad obuhvata modelovanje ekoloških niša dve vrste guštera Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis na dva područja kopnene oblasti istočnog Jadrana povezane sa analizom rizika izumiranja metapoulacionih demografskih modela formiranih na osnovu prostornih niša. Obe vrste su su od opisivanja u XIX veku bile epizodično predmet zoogeografskih, ekoloških i evolucionih istraživanja u Jadranskoj oblasti. Brojni dosad prikupljeni bionomski i ekološki podaci o obe vrste na istraživanom području, međutim, uglavnom nisu stavljeni u celovit kvantitativni koncept, velikim delom ostajući na nivou manje ili više detaljnog kvalitativnog opisa. Postojeći kvantitativni podaci, prikazani su kao "lateralni" ili "akcesorni" rezultati istraživanja čiji je osnovni cilj bio sasvim drugačiji te je njihova upotrebna vrednost u potpunosti podređena kontekstu realizovanih istraživanja. Posebno se to odnosi na autekološka i populaciono-ekološka istraživanja. Ostrvske populacije su znatno bolje istražene od kopnenih. Realizujući kvantitativno modeliranje niša kopnenih populacija, pokušali smo da makar malo taj problem ublažimo. U modelovanju ekoloških niša korišćeno je 47 kvantitativnih i 9 kvalitativnih EGV, u zavisnosti od metode, koje su formirane na osnovu globalnih baza podataka. Obuhvaćena područja, oko 100 km2 po površini, nalazila su se u Poljicama (okolina Splita, Hrvatska) i šireg regiona Boke Kotorske (Crna Gora) na kojoj su detaljno mapirane obe vrste. Korišćene su tri metode sa prisustvom vrsta (P/O, ENFA, MaxEnt i GARP), četiri koje zahtevaju prisustva/odsustva (P/A, SpFA, PLS, GRM, DA), i tri koje mogu koristiti oba tipa podataka (P/O ili P/A, GAM, MARS, BRT). Na osnovu profila stanišne povoljnosti formirane su detaljne karte prostornih niša. Sve metode su identifikovale centre povoljnostog staništa istog ili sličnog položaja i obuhvata. P/A metode su identifikovale mnogo šire zone suboptimalnih staništa za obe vrste na oba područja. EGV korišćene za analizu su ocenjene po čestoći odabira u modelima i minimalni skup promenljivih koji daju pouzdane predikcije je: ALT, *OVER1, *CONVEX1, SLOPE10, BIO1, *4, *5, *7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *12, *19, WB, PET, TOWNSFQ1, *TOPODST, *BLENGTH, AGRIFQ1, *TOPODST, *BLENGTH, OPENFQ1, *TOPODST, *BLENGTH, SPARSEFQ1, *TOPODST, *BLENGTH. Svi modeli niša su bili statistički značajni, a po uspešnosti predikciji ističu se MARS, PLS, GRM. Za područje Hrvatske, sve metode imaju lošiju uspešnost nego za područje Crne Gore. Modeli niša bili su uspešniji za Podarcis sicula na oba područja. Modeli ekoloških niša nisu transportabilni po područjima, zbog suviše velikih razlika u intenzitetu delovanja i prostornom rasporedu ekoloških faktora.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kataranovski, Dragan, 1950-.
Subjects/Keywords: Podarcis sicula; Podarcis melisellensis; ecological niche modelling; habitat suitability modelling; population viability analysis
Stamenković, Srđan Ž., 1. (2013). Modelovanje ekoloških niša Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis (Sauria, Lacertidae) u eumediteranu i submediteranu istočnog Jadrana . (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:5393/bdef:Content/get
Stamenković, Srđan Ž., 1961-. "Modelovanje ekoloških niša Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis (Sauria, Lacertidae) u eumediteranu i submediteranu istočnog Jadrana." 2013. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:5393/bdef:Content/get.
Stamenković, Srđan Ž., 1961-. "Modelovanje ekoloških niša Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis (Sauria, Lacertidae) u eumediteranu i submediteranu istočnog Jadrana." 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Stamenković, Srđan Ž. 1. Modelovanje ekoloških niša Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis (Sauria, Lacertidae) u eumediteranu i submediteranu istočnog Jadrana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:5393/bdef:Content/get.
Stamenković, Srđan Ž. 1. Modelovanje ekoloških niša Podarcis sicula i P. melisellensis (Sauria, Lacertidae) u eumediteranu i submediteranu istočnog Jadrana. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2013. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:5393/bdef:Content/get