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Middle/Upper School English Teacher
The Browning School
The Browning School is a K-12 boys school located on 62nd Street in midtown Manhattan, New York. Founded by scholar and teacher John A. Browning, The Browning School has been a leader in fostering the intellectual and personal growth of boys and young men since 1888. Serving roughly 400 students in kindergarten through grade 12, Browning strives to combine the best of a traditional prep school environment and curriculum with imaginative teaching and a strong value system – all in a single-sex setting – to foster growth of courageous and compassionate men of intellect and integrity who aspire to contribute meaningfully to our world.
The Browning School seeks an experienced English educator for the 2020-21 academic year to teach four sections of English across the Middle and Upper School divisions. Outside the classroom, responsibilities will include advising, collaborating with colleagues on curriculum development, and participating in grade-level outings, admissions events and external field trips.
The ideal candidate will have a minimum of three years' teaching experience, preferably across both middle and upper school divisions. A bachelor's degree in English, education or a related field is required; a master's degree is preferred.
The Browning School seeks to promote diversity in its hiring process and is committed to building an inclusive community and culturally diverse faculty. The Browning School does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, national or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, citizenship, marital status, disability, or any other basis.
Please send a cover letter, resume, and statement of educational philosophy (in PDF form) to Mike Ingrisani, Chair of the English Department, at mingrisani@browning.edu.
About The Browning School
The Browning School fosters growth of courageous and compassionate men of intellect and integrity who aspire to contribute meaningfully to our world. The Browning gentleman develops amid a community that upholds our core values: honesty, dignity, curiosity and purpose. We speak the truth, act with integrity and take responsibility for our actions. We honor and celebrate the dignity of all people and support the power of a diverse, inclusive and welcoming community. We encourage and celebrate open-minded inquiry about our world and the perspectives of those around us. We believe that education encourages exploration and discovery in pursuit of meaning and enduring fulfillment. The Browning School strives to create a diverse community in which all members are safe, respected, and valued. We believe that in actively promoting a diverse learning environment, we are fostering intellectual, social, and emotional growth for all. Recognizing and pursuing diversity, however, are not enough; we seek to transcend mere tolerance of difference and aspire to a celebration of the varied appearances, abilities, perspectives, and values that characterize our community.
Middle/ Upper School Spanish Teacher NEW YORK, New York
The Browning School 2 Weeks Ago


UNSW has Australia's largest and top ranked engineering faculty. Our research and technology adds billions of dollars a year to the Australian economy.
We work with hundreds of industry partners, from small start-ups to the world's largest corporations to solve problems big and small.
UNSW Engineering works with all types of businesses, from start-ups to large corporations.
UNSW Engineering continues to lead the way with groundbreaking researching. Read about some of our recent successes.
Learn more about UNSW's industry research fellowship program.
Find out how UNSW Engineering is bringing powerful research capabilities to the emerging challenges of the future.


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› Op Ed: Foundations must commit to long-term support for Black communities
Op Ed: Foundations must commit to long-term support for Black communities
Cecilia Clarke
MacKenzie Scott, who just announced the third round of multi-billion-dollar donations from her Amazon fortune, is using her impressive platform to give voice to an evolution in philanthropy, one where gifts come with no strings attached and funding flows to organizations focused on equity and systemic change. We need more of this kind of commitment from foundations, corporations, and wealthy individuals–not only because it's the right thing to do, but because it is necessary if we want to end racism's grip on our country once and for all.
Over the past year we have seen the pandemic expose and exacerbate intense disparities in our communities–in health, employment, housing, and much more–drawn along racial lines. We know the future is full of uncertainty and instability, and if things don't change, Black and brown communities in our city will continue to be on the frontlines of crisis, while people of wealth and privilege are buffered from the most severe impacts.
American foundations and corporations distributed over $100 billion in 2019, which did little to offset the impacts of COVID-19. The philanthropic sector must overhaul how we give, who makes the decisions about giving, where the money goes, and for what. Giving alone is not good enough anymore.
Take for example the effort being made to address vaccine hesitancy. Here in New York City, hesitancy is high in Black communities, owing to a perverse history of medical experimentation that hurt and even killed African Americans, and compounded by generations of criminalizing and degrading interactions with government entities. Now, the government and its corporate partners are funding incentives like lotteries and amusement parks and airline tickets to encourage people to get vaccinated, which are unlikely to work. Just ask Colette Pean, who runs the community-based nonprofit East New York Restoration: "Incentives make people with questions wonder why this money is suddenly available to incentivize vaccination but not for other needs."
In April, recognizing the complexities around vaccine outreach and the general mismanagement of information and care throughout the pandemic in Black and brown communities, we distributed $250,000 from our Brooklyn COVID-19 Response Fund to 25 hyper local nonprofits led by community members. Each organization is creating their own targeted vaccine outreach programs tailored to the unique concerns their members have. This is the kind of support foundations should be providing—support that recognizes that people on the ground are best situated to solve community problems. But even with this, we know we need to do more.
Today, we are announcing that we will guarantee that, at minimum, 30 percent of all of our grantmaking will explicitly benefit Black communities, matching their share of Brooklyn's population. Moreover, because of how pervasive anti-Black racism is, we also recognize the need for a far greater allocation of resources than this, and we will continue to prioritize and encourage giving to Black-led organizations and groups engaged in organizing, advocacy, and movement-building for structural change.
To commemorate tomorrow's Juneteenth holiday, we call on foundation heavyweights, philanthropists, and government officials to move the power and financial resources they have to Black communities and other communities of color: listen, invest, and give them the resources and authority to create the fair and just future we all need and desire.
Cecilia Clarke is the President and CEO of Brooklyn Community Foundation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I love this idea! Build memories all year long with Memory Makers. A FREE printable is included!
This is a Pokemon Reward Chart. Students can work towards a goal and earn Pokemon balls to earn a reward after meeting their goal.


If local history is your thing, a visit to the Woodlands Pioneer Museum this summer may be just what you are looking for.
This mini-pioneer town, located just off of #6 Highway in Woodlands, includes six buildings (a church, two school houses, a pioneer home, an equipment shed and the pioneer town gallery) overflowing with artifacts from the homesteading era.
With literally thousands of heritage pieces on display from hundreds of local donors this is a stop that truly can't be missed! You might even find something that once belonged to an ancestor of yours!
To learn more about the Woodlands Pioneer Museum, or to donate any personal items, please call Lloyd at (204) 383-5691, Lorelee at (204) 383-5919, or Eleanor at (204) 383-5589.


After all the hype and the limited success of the Bangladesh team in the 2017 Champions Trophy, everyone was hoping for a fighting match against India today. However the game was one-sided from the very first innings with our bat.
Unable to score near 300... followed by being unable to do anything with the ball.
We get India is a seasoned team, and their performance in this CT has been business as usual. But the Bangladesh team has been improving throughout the games. Therefore, it's not unworldly to expect a nail biting match against India is it, when we've done it in the past ICC events?
A respectable defeat... But now that didn't happen either.
Please share ideas on how to move on.
Lack of fire power to score 300plus in such highways. Is a big problem. Need to address this!
Bangladesh do not deserve to win against India, in other word do not deserve to play in Final. Period.
Our batting after the 27th over and also first few overs was utter rubbish. Bowling was just woeful too.
Guys, Naim bhai was asking us for post-Pedani therapy ideas.
No biriyani + chicken roast and Khasi-ka Rezalaa today!
the difference is the mindset of our batsman and better teams batsman that our batsmsn just throw away their wickets doesn't matter what phase of the game, how settle they are. they just don't know how to utilize the wicket. better team batsman play and execute with right mindset, with right plan, unlike most of ours. ours don't value their wicket much, at all!
No therapy needed for the BD players. They will get heroes welcome when they get back, the pm will shower them with flats and cars. Happy days.Hurrayyyyyy!
Last edited by Mas_UK25; June 15, 2017 at 12:59 PM..
Can't agree more! you had hit the nail.
Therapy ideas for us FANS.
As for me, I don't need any therapy. I keep myself busy in other things.
Just get along with other stuffs. Cricket is not a great sport anymore. Infact this is not the era of sports anymore.
Not very heartbroken as the result was expected. India is a very strong team and they are a professional unit. India is one of the best fielding unit which compliments their bowling varieties.
Bangladesh needs to make bold step and make some major changes as I see quite a lot of passengers, we are wasting the new ball with Mashrafee and Mustafiz. They are not new ball bowlers.
We should concentrate on rebuilding and revamping our ODI side for World Cup 2019.
Shunlam player ra naki besh kichu taka peyeche semi te uthar jonno..
Us reaching the semis was a fluke. Aus thoroughly deserved to be ehre in place of us.
At this intl level, you can't ride on luck. You gotta have some skills.
bro, we have skill but we are missing mindset, mentality of playing at big stage, big events that is due to not long cricket culture like India and Pakistan, But we are on the right track,after ten years later you will see more of our players know how to play on such situations like Indian or Australians batsman do.
I think Bangladesh team needs at least 2 clean hitters in the middle order. Here's where I disagree sending Sabbir into no 3. A good clean hitter between 35-50 overs can be the difference between 250 and 300.
Agreed. We don't have a single PITAAA ball type of players.
Wasim Akram was good at this.
after ten years later you will see more of our players know how to play on such situations like Indian or Australians batsman do.
but but you can clearly see the difference between ashraful-aftab era and shakib-musy era. these bunch are much much better.


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Egovernment System Sample Clauses
Clause: Egovernment System
Parent Clauses
County Departments Utilizing This Agreement
CONTRACTOR SCOPE
WEB SITE CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND WEB SITE HOSTING
Sub-Clauses
Contractor's Data
Contractor's Secondary
Contractor shall provide
Application and Infrastructure Hosting
Contractor shall monitor Web Site
CMS and Web
At a minimum
Contractor shall host the County's Primary
Egovernment System
Related Clauses
Government Use
Government End Users
Government Regulation
Government Data Practices
U.S. Government End Users
Controlled Government Data
Related to Egovernment System
Government Use If the Software, Documentation, Materials and any other Licensor services are being or have been acquired with U.S. Federal Government funds, or Customer is an agency, department, or other entity of the United States Government ("Government"), the use, duplication, reproduction, release, modification, disclosure, or transfer of the Software or any related documentation of any kind, including technical data, manuals or Materials, is restricted in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulation 12.212 for civilian agencies and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 227.7202 for military agencies. The Software, Materials, and any Licensor services are COMMERCIAL ITEMS AS DEFINED BY THE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION. Use of the Software and Materials by the Government is further restricted according to the Agreement and any amendment hereto.
Government End Users The Apple Software and related documentation are "Commercial Items", as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. §2.101, consisting of "Commercial Computer Software" and "Commercial Computer Software Documentation", as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. §12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §227.7202, as applicable. Consistent with 48 C.F.R. §12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4, as applicable, the Commercial Computer Software and Commercial Computer Software Documentation are being licensed to U.S. Government end users (a) only as Commercial Items and (b) with only those rights as are granted to all other end users pursuant to the terms and conditions herein. Unpublished-rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States.
Government Programs 13.1 During the negotiation process, members of the KKTC, and the KKTC, will continue to have access to the various programs and services of Canada and British Columbia in effect from time to time, including those directed to Aboriginal People and organizations in accordance with the criteria established from time to time for the application of those programs and services.
Government Regulation Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary thereof is an "investment company" or a company "controlled" by an "investment company" (as each such term is defined or used in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) and neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary thereof is, or after giving effect to any Extension of Credit will be, subject to regulation under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or the Interstate Commerce Act, each as amended, or any other Applicable Law which limits its ability to incur or consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
Government Regulations Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Company's obligation hereunder to issue or deliver certificates evidencing shares of Common Stock shall be subject to the terms of all applicable laws, rules and regulations and to such approvals by any governmental agencies or national securities exchanges as may be required.
Government Data Practices The Contractor and State must comply with the Minnesota Government Data Practices Act, Minn. Stat. Ch. 13, (or, if the State contracting party is part of the Judicial Branch, with the Rules of Public Access to Records of the Judicial Branch promulgated by the Minnesota Supreme Court as the same may be amended from time to time) as it applies to all data provided by the State under this Contract, and as it applies to all data created, collected, received, stored, used, maintained, or disseminated by the Contractor under this Contract. The civil remedies of Minn. Stat. § 13.08 apply to the release of the data governed by the Minnesota Government Practices Act, Minn. Stat. Ch. 13, by either the Contractor or the State. If the Contractor receives a request to release the data referred to in this clause, the Contractor must immediately notify and consult with the State's Authorized Representative as to how the Contractor should respond to the request. The Contractor's response to the request shall comply with applicable law.
GOVERNMENT SERVICE 1. a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
Government Procurement Articles 7.3 and 7.4 shall not apply to laws, regulations or requirements governing the procurement by governmental agencies of services purchased for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial resale or with a view to use in the supply of services for commercial sale.
U.S. Government End Users The Software is a "commercial item," as that term is defined in 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (Oct. 1995), consisting of "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation," as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (Sept. 1995). Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (June 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire the Software with only those rights set forth herein.
Controlled Government Data The Disclosing Party's Controlled Government Data, if any, will be identified in a separate technical document.


The Dead Air flash hider has a unique patent pending design featuring mass shifted equal length tines. The end result is a flash hider that does not "ping" and is compatible with the Sandman-S and Sandman-L suppressors. The flash hider is backed by a lifetime warranty.


This entry was posted on Thursday, May 5th, 2011 at 12:36 am	and tagged with Canadian Tuxedo, Denim, Fashion, Los Angeles, Nylon and posted in In The Wild.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
« Dope deal on a dope denim chair!


With the help of the Maryland State Archives, the History and Records Committee of RUMC is in the process of digitizing the records of Reisterstown UM Church (baptisms, marriages, memberships, deaths, cemetery records and various committee minutes) . The completed volumes are listed below. You can click on the link to display the contents of each book.
Please contact the History and Records Team with inquires for information or to correct any information you may find.
Clergy Funeral Records - 1981 to 2013 The information in this spreadsheet is taken from the clergy records provided by the funeral director. The information provided is different based on the funeral home; therefore, not all of the information is available for all funerals.
Reisterstown UM Church Cemetery on Find-A-Grave - The entries in Find-A-Grave have been updated based on the stone transcriptions done by Bea and Ed Geis first in the mid-1970s, reviewed in the mid-1990s and updated until about 2003. If you find any information that is incorrect, please submit a correction using the Find-A-Grave edit feature.


In this Photoshop tutorial we'll learn how to add editable classic vignette effect for the photos perfect for wedding or engagement party, anniversaries and other family portraits! To create this effect very easily, and will take us no more than a couple of minutes from the commencement to the end. Used Photoshop CS5, but will work on all recent versions of Photoshop.
So why do we use Solid Color, instead of just add a normal layer and fill it white? The reason is that the next step we need to add a layer mask filled with white layer. If we look at the layers panel, we see the point of the fill layer "Color Fill 1" which is above the original image and the thumbnail of the layer mask directly to the left of the layer name. Click on the mask thumbnail to select it.
Opens the filter dialog box. Drag the radius slider at the bottom of the dialog box to the right. The more you drag the slider, the more blurring will be applied to the edges of the vignette and softer they will become.


Join us on Maundy Thursday, April 18 at 7:00 p.m. We will begin with the Lord's Supper and then move into the final events leading up to Jesus' crucifixion in a Tenebrae Service (Service of Shadows).
So come and journey with us through word, song, and the extinguishing of candles. We will end in darkness and silence.


Impact Small Business is about small businesses and the individuals with the courage to lead them. We are passionate about helping you, the men and women who dare to be world changers by the contribution you are giving to your communities.
Join our community here and let's continue to make positive change in this world one business at a time.
Have you ever wondered why some small businesses are profitable when others are struggling? Have you lost your passion? Maybe you are at a point of throwing in the towel, looking for the inspiration to keep going?
Are you wanting to start a new business or feel overwhelmed? Or you may be looking for the edge to take your business to new heights.
Whatever category you fall in, we are certain that you will find invaluable information, content and resources here that will give you the tools and skills to be a successful small business and owner.
The difference between profitable and unprofitable, the successful and not so successful is the simple application of knowledge in the right way. Consistent Correct Action.
Businesses are made up of people and as humans we all experience the same struggles. At times in life we all fall into patterns of behavior that are either successful or patterns that produce less than desirable results.
You can break the mold and regain the inspiration to do whatever it takes to be a successful man and woman, the leader of your business. If you are doing the things it takes to be successful then your business and life will be successful beyond your wildest imagination.
We are here to help you along your journey in life and small business success.
It's time for you to achieve small business success.


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Nova Scotia set to unveil future plans for provincial art gallery
Halifax, n.s.
Premier Stephen McNeil attends a bill briefing at the legislature in Halifax on April 2, 2019.Andrew Vaughan/The Canadian Press
A major announcement is coming Thursday on the future of the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia.
Premier Stephen McNeil and federal cabinet minister Bernadette Jordan will unveil plans in an event at the Halifax gallery with its chief executive and director, Nancy Noble.
McNeil has said Halifax needs a new art gallery to house collections from "world renowned" artists ranging from Alex Colville to folk painter Maud Lewis.
Last June, the province announced that Halifax's Architecture49 had been given a $250,000 contract to prepare a facility plan for a "cultural hub" on the waterfront that would include the art gallery as well as NSCAD University, the provincial art and design school.
The province said at the time the proposed building will "help position Nova Scotia as a world leader in the visual arts."
A feasibility study said the art college and art gallery "have both long endured inadequate, inefficient and expensive to operate buildings."
It said both institutions were seeking new sites and "contemplating a co-location on the Salter Block of the Halifax central waterfront."
"It is an opportunity to transform a parking lot on the waterfront of Halifax into a dynamic destination for creative innovation and contribute to the profound transformational changes remaking the city," the study, by Lord Cultural Resources, said.
Switch gears. Give your brain a workout and do today's Daily Cryptic Crossword.
Scoop a new vibe in the numbers and do today's Daily Sudoku.
Kick back with the Daily Universal Crossword.


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Home \ General \ On January 5, 2015, Plane-ly Spoken announced it was accepting nominations for the winner of The 2014 Plane-ly Spoken Award. We have received several nominations from our readers. While all were worthy of consideration, none matched the statements made, on the record, by a federal judge in New York. Plane-ly Spoken was tempted to limit consideration for the award to only plainly spoken words associated with aviation. After all, we are focused on all things aviation. However, we kept getting drawn back to Judge Duffy's statements directed to a government lawyer appearing in his court as embracing the very essence of the being plainly spoken. At a hearing in a criminal case, United States v. Little, Judge Kevin Duffy, on December 4, 2014, made the following statements to the lawyer representing the United States: "… On the front hall of the Department of Justice is engraved the whole section of United States against Berger [United States of America v. Richard I. Berger] about how the job of the Justice Department is to see justice is done. Justice is founded in truth. Most of the time the judges of this court depend upon the U.S. Attorney's office to tell the truth. I have now caught you flat-out in a lie. I want you to know that. I would prefer henceforth that you advise your superiors that you are not to come to this court alone, you are to come with supervision. If they don't mind you lying, then the whole office is going to pay for it. I have made known to the other judges of this court my findings in connection with you, sir." . . . . . . . . " . . . You are playing games with me, but I caught you. You're not going to get away with it. That's all there is to it. You can talk from now until Sunday and try to spin out some story, but as far as I'm concerned, you're branded as a liar and you will remain a liar for the rest of your life. That's that… "…By the way, I would recommend that you read the quote from Berger that [is] in the front hall of the Justice Department." While not related to aviation, there is nothing left to say after such plain speaking. And so, to The Honorable Kevin Duffy, we award The 2014 Plane-ly Spoken Award
← Our Long National Nightmare is Over
Restricted Airspace . . . . No Trespassing!! →
On January 5, 2015, Plane-ly Spoken announced it was accepting nominations for the winner of The 2014 Plane-ly Spoken Award. We have received several nominations from our readers. While all were worthy of consideration, none matched the statements made, on the record, by a federal judge in New York. Plane-ly Spoken was tempted to limit consideration for the award to only plainly spoken words associated with aviation. After all, we are focused on all things aviation. However, we kept getting drawn back to Judge Duffy's statements directed to a government lawyer appearing in his court as embracing the very essence of the being plainly spoken. At a hearing in a criminal case, United States v. Little, Judge Kevin Duffy, on December 4, 2014, made the following statements to the lawyer representing the United States: "… On the front hall of the Department of Justice is engraved the whole section of United States against Berger [United States of America v. Richard I. Berger] about how the job of the Justice Department is to see justice is done. Justice is founded in truth. Most of the time the judges of this court depend upon the U.S. Attorney's office to tell the truth. I have now caught you flat-out in a lie. I want you to know that. I would prefer henceforth that you advise your superiors that you are not to come to this court alone, you are to come with supervision. If they don't mind you lying, then the whole office is going to pay for it. I have made known to the other judges of this court my findings in connection with you, sir." . . . . . . . . " . . . You are playing games with me, but I caught you. You're not going to get away with it. That's all there is to it. You can talk from now until Sunday and try to spin out some story, but as far as I'm concerned, you're branded as a liar and you will remain a liar for the rest of your life. That's that… "…By the way, I would recommend that you read the quote from Berger that [is] in the front hall of the Justice Department." While not related to aviation, there is nothing left to say after such plain speaking. And so, to The Honorable Kevin Duffy, we award The 2014 Plane-ly Spoken Award
On January 5, 2015, Plane-ly Spoken announced it was accepting nominations for the winner of The 2014 Plane-ly Spoken Award.
We have received several nominations from our readers. While all were worthy of consideration, none matched the statements made, on the record, by a federal judge in New York.
Plane-ly Spoken was tempted to limit consideration for the award to only plainly spoken words associated with aviation. After all, we are focused on all things aviation. However, we kept getting drawn back to Judge Duffy's statements directed to a government lawyer appearing in his court as embracing the very essence of the being plainly spoken.
At a hearing in a criminal case, United States v. Little, Judge Kevin Duffy, on December 4, 2014, made the following statements to the lawyer representing the United States:
"… On the front hall of the Department of Justice is engraved the whole section of United States against Berger [United States of America v. Richard I. Berger] about how the job of the Justice Department is to see justice is done. Justice is founded in truth.
Most of the time the judges of this court depend upon the U.S. Attorney's office to tell the truth. I have now caught you flat-out in a lie. I want you to know that. I would prefer henceforth that you advise your superiors that you are not to come to this court alone, you are to come with supervision. If they don't mind you lying, then the whole office is going to pay for it. I have made known to the other judges of this court my findings in connection with you, sir."
" . . . You are playing games with me, but I caught you. You're not going to get away with it. That's all there is to it. You can talk from now until Sunday and try to spin out some story, but as far as I'm concerned, you're branded as a liar and you will remain a liar for the rest of your life. That's that…
"…By the way, I would recommend that you read the quote from Berger that [is] in the front hall of the Justice Department."
While not related to aviation, there is nothing left to say after such plain speaking.
And so, to The Honorable Kevin Duffy, we award The 2014 Plane-ly Spoken Award.
(Originally posted January 26, 2015)


PROGRESSO, Argentina, Feb 16 – The funeral of Cardiff City striker Emiliano Sala took place in his home village in Argentina on Saturday three weeks after he was killed in a plane crash.
Sala, a lanky striker, began his career at San Martin de Progreso, and the local club was at the centre of Saturday's ceremony.
"People will be able to pass by the coffin, leave a letter, a drawing or flowers," the club's president, Daniel Ribero, told AFP.
One mourner, Miguel Angel Pereira, 68, made the 70-kilometre (43-mile) journey from Santa Fe to pay his respects.
The post Sala's funeral takes place in Argentina appeared first on Capital Sports.


The City is committed to providing accessibility in our parks. A Parks Accessibility Audit was conducted in select Campbell River Parks in 2008 by Dave Calver, Accessibility Consultant, who provided some valuable insight into the types of issues which need to be addressed in the Parks system. Click on the following link to review the results in Measuring Up: A Parks Accessibility Audit Report. In addition to the audit Dave Calver also provided the City with Measuring Up: Design Guidelines which the Parks Department uses as a valuable resource.
If you have any concerns regarding access issues in Parks please contact Judy Ridgway, City Staff Liaison for the Campbell River Access Awareness Committee at 250-286-1161.


SkinCrafter.Net component is an optimal GUI skinning solution for any C#, Managed C++, VB.Net projects. It allows you to create a customized interface for your .NET applications with smooth and easy skinning for all standard Windows controls. Your end-user applications can now include shaped, semi-transparent and attractively colored controls.
Skin .net Windows Forms application automatically.
Client Server winsock component C/C++ library for TCP/IP network communication.


Want a 39% Lift in Social Post CTR? Try This Apartment Marketing Tip!
Ever notice how the links you post to social media pull text and images from the linked page?
If you're an apartment marketer, the answer is a definite yes.
But you've probably also experienced times when social links don't pull anything at all.
This may not seem like a big deal. But the truth is link presentation can make all the difference in your social media exposure.
In this post, we'll look into why link presentation is important, as well as how you can optimize your links' appearance on social media.
And when you're trying to direct site traffic via social media, your link presentation is your first impression. It will literally determine how many people think your content may be worthy of a click.
In fact, one study found that a properly optimized link results in a 39% boost in Click-Through-Rates.
That means if you're not optimizing, you're missing out on about 40% of interactions. Ouch!
Your links' appearance on social media is determined by Open Graph.
Open Graph is a protocol web developers created to establish a universal language for displaying content snippets on social sites.
Adding OG data to your own website can be done manually by inserting the appropriate meta tags in the head section of your HTML. But if that went over your head, no need to worry. There's also a variety of easy to install plugins that will do all the coding for you.
A personal favorite for Respage Social Media is Yoast SEO, which allows you to add different descriptions for different social sites.
Once you've installed the plugin, you'll have the ability to customize your OG data for every page of your website.
Keep in mind, however, that each social network has its own limitations for OG character display. You'll want to check out the character limits for each network to avoid having your content snippet cut short.
After you have your plugins installed and your OG data optimized, it's time to start posting. Enjoy that 39% lift in CTR!


When you think about garage door maintenance and repair, I hope you'll think of American Door Works - here's why.
Watch as JP from Miller Auto Plaza shares why they choose American Door Works for commercial door repair and maintenance.
Garage door maintenance helps keep your home safe from injury and from intruders. See how an improperly angled draw bar can leave your home vulnerable.
Garage door maintenance shouldn't be difficult or dangerous, which is why we put together a list of four DIY fixes that should be left to the professionals.
While a series of different causes can be the source of your garage door noise, we'll cover some of the most common sources.
Many areas of industry, from receiving docks to manufacturing facilities and food and beverage operations rely on rolling service doors each and every day.
Routine garage door maintenance is one of those things homeowners typically learn about after it's too late.


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Piney Woods QB: Along with Mahomes, Tannehill has East Texas ties
City of Tyler building permits for Jan. 10-16
Frederick leading Franklin, Perryman in fundraising for Smith County Commissioners Precinct 1 race
Phillips lags behind Westbrook, Democrat Alexander in fundraising for Smith County commissioners Precinct 3 race
Man walking across America to raise awareness of veterans' issues comes through East Texas
Elkhart's Jeff Wilson Jr. among players with ET ties on Championship Sunday
Shahada Wells' game-winning three lifts No. 6 Tyler Junior College over Navarro
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Adam Joseph Lankford, DDS
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George Roberts, CEO of NET Health (right), speaks about an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease with Tyler Morning Telegraph's Danny Mogle on Thursday at the Tyler Area Chamber of Commerce building.
Cara Campbell/staff
George Roberts, CEO of NET Health (left), speaks on an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease with the Tyler Morning Telegraph's Danny Mogle.
Health officials investigating Legionnaires' disease cases possibly related to East Texas State Fair
Zak Wellerman zwellerman@tylerpaper.com
Zak Wellerman
The Northeast Texas Public Health District is reporting seven confirmed and five possible cases of Legionnaires' disease in the Northeast Texas region possibly connected to attendance at the East Texas State Fair in Tyler.
NET Health Disease Surveillance Division is working with the fair organizers and local health officials to determine connections of the cases with attending this year's fair Sept. 20 to 29.
George Roberts, NET Health CEO, said the common element is the East Texas State Fair. NET Health is working with the Texas Department of State Health Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, event organizers and local health departments to narrow down the location within the fair.
Legionnaires' disease is spread by inhaling water droplets in the air and caused by the Legionella bacteria, according to a NET Health news release sent out Thursday. Breathing in the water droplets can come from water in the air, steam, humidifier, cooling tower, sprinklers, lakes, rivers, streams and stagnant water.
The disease mimics pneumonia symptoms, and about 5,000 to 6,000 cases are reported every year, Roberts said.
Within a week's time five cases were noticed by health officials. Roberts said red flags come up when there are two or more cases, saying it seems unusual.
Jason Geslois, epidemiologist with NET Health, said he and other health officials ask patients about where they have traveled recently to find a common denominator of the outbreak's source. The process of narrowing down the location within the fair is ongoing, but the time frame is Sept. 20 to 29 and two to 10 days afterwards.
"Now we narrow down our scope a little further," Roberts said. "That's why we're trying to track this down."
Roberts said NET Health has a strong confidence that Harvey Hall Convention Center is safe due to the chlorine that disinfects the water for bacteria like Legionnaires' disease.
"Just because you went to the East Texas State Fair doesn't mean you have Legionnaire's disease," Roberts said.
Those with Legionnaire's are treated with antibiotics either in a hospital or in outpatient treatment.
NET Health likely will be informing the public on investigation updates weekly, Roberts said.
The health district is urging anyone who attended the fair this year and is sick due to Legionnaires' symptoms to contact their health care provider immediately.
The patient's primary clinical provider would run a urine based test to determine if the patient has been infected by the Legionella bacteria, Roberts said.
Symptoms of Legionnaires' disease could be cough, high fever, weakness, muscle aches, headaches, and shortness of breath. Legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, and most people who are sick may need to be hospitalized but will recover fully.
The following groups of people are at a higher risk of contracting Legionnaires' disease: people over the age of 50, current or former smokers (cigarettes and e-cigs), persons with chronic lung disease like emphysema or COPD and those with weakened immune systems due to a previous disease or from medication.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 out of 10 people with Legionnaires' disease will die from the infection.
For those who live in the Northeast Texas region and have questions about Legionnaires' disease, call Disease Surveillance Division at NET Health at 903-595-1350.
What to Know about Legionnaires' Disease
The following memo was sent out Thursday to Northeast Texas clinicians from NET Health Public Health Emergency Preparedness Department Disease Surveillance Division on an increase in Legionnaires' disease cases in Northeast Texas:
This memo provides clinicians with information regarding the increase in reported Legionnaires' disease cases in Northeast Texas and recommendations for diagnosis and reporting.
State and local health agencies are investigating cases of Legionnaires' disease in individuals who attended the East Texas State Fair held in Tyler Sept. 20 to 29. Public health officials are currently investigating whether and how people might have been exposed to Legionella bacteria at this event.
Clinicians should consider Legionellosis in patients who attended the East Texas State Fair and present with symptoms consistent with Legionnaires' disease within 2-10 days or Pontiac fever within 1-3 days of their last visit to the East Texas State Fair.
• Legionnaires' disease is pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria and is very similar to other types of pneumonia, with symptoms that include cough, shortness of breath, fever, muscle aches or headaches. Patients at highest risk include those aged ≥50 years, current or former smokers, and those with chronic lung disease (such as emphysema or COPD) or a weakened immune system.
• Pontiac fever is a milder, self-resolving infection caused by the same bacteria. Primary symptoms include fever and muscle aches.
• The preferred diagnostic tests for Legionnaires' disease are the Legionella urinary antigen test and culture of lower respiratory secretions (e.g., sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage) on selective media. Sputum should ideally be obtained prior to antibiotic administration, but antibiotic treatment should not be delayed to facilitate this process. The urinary antigen test can detect Legionella infections in some cases for days to weeks after treatment.
• Testing is not recommended for individuals who attended the fair but do not have symptoms of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever.
• Serological assays can be nonspecific and are not typically recommended.
Reporting:
Physicians are required to report all suspected Legionnaires' disease cases to public health.
These cases can be reported to the NET Health Disease Surveillance Branch at 903-595-1350.
Additional information about Legionnaires' disease is available at https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/index.html https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/diseases/legionellosis.html
Health Official
Net Health Disease Surveillance Division
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186 km north of Rovaniemi, River Liesijoki 40 m (width 2-3 m), swimming bay for good swimmers, mud bottom. Silverlog cabin built in traditional style 2008, living room, 4 simple beds. Separate silverlog sauna building (23 m²) with big sauna (wood-heated) and sauna rest room (13 m², wood-burning stove). There are 2 beds in the sauna rest room. Cabin and sauna building electricity supply from solar panel. The caretaker will bring drinking water, other water from the river. Ideal 'base camp' for exploring the wilds in the Sodankylä fell region situated between Pomokaira and Koitelaiskaira. State lands for licensed hunters begin just over the river. Rowing boat available for use on the Porttipahta reservoir. Several wilderness rivers within, canoe available for rent. Opportunity for nature trips by arrangement (fishing-, canoeing- and berry picking trips), reservations from the caretaker. Discount on trips 30% when booking this cabin. You can also buy fresh fish directly from the fisherman (=the caretaker). Contact details of the caretaker will be given with the invoice. Pets are welcome (additional fee), pet fee covers 1-2 pets.Fish sales point and cafe about 15 km. Teepee of National Board of Forestry about 5 km (by hiking), bird watching tower 10 km, Porttipahta reservoir 20 km, Vuotso services 30 km, Sompio strict nature reserve and Nattaset fells 40 km, Sodankylä 60 km. Rovaniemi airport about 190 km, Kittilä airport about 154 km, Ivalo airport about 90 km.


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Welcome to the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston
I. Community Service
Barbara Bush Houston Literacy Committee - encourages all Downtown Rotary Club of Houston members to teach a child to read. Supporting the National Read Across America Day focusing on motivating children and teens to read. This is done through events, partnerships, and reading resources, across the country and the world. Rotary provides thousands of schools, libraries, and community centers by bringing together readers, kids, teens, and books from our Rotary "Books of the World" program.
Gala and Fund-Raising Event Committee - Organizes large and small fund raisers including the annual Downtown Rotary Club of Houston Gala Dinner/Dance, Casino Night and other fund-raising events benefiting our community service activities.
Prison Entrepreneurship Committee (PEP) - strives to inspire and motivate inmates to live within the law and find jobs upon their return to society; and encourages community involvement in finding solutions for problems of the released public offender.
Public Health Committee – Addresses critical Houston area health issues with the goal of affecting change. Has a dual mission of educating the club and Houston residents on matters related to public health, health care delivery and socio-economic health issues. While expanding access to community healthcare, the committee also arranges for expert health professionals to educate the club on cutting edge issues, treatments, breakthroughs and the economic impact of the health care industry in our community and the Rotary major global project to End Polio Now.
Rodeo Parade Committee - promotes member participation in the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo. Members of the committee promote the community collaboration of the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston and the HLSR. Participation includes working with the HLSR Parade committee standards for our Downtown Rotary Parade Riders as required by all Rodeo entries. Individual member participation in the parade will vary from year to year. This community project also sponsors a Calf Scramble animal and Agricultural students to benefit the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo scholarships and promote the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston awareness in our city.
Rotary Citizen Award Committee – this committee works with the club President to plan and promotes the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston Outstanding Citizen Recognitions throughout the Rotary year. These citizens are recognized as part of every Downtown Rotary Club of Houston monthly luncheon when possible and with corporate sponsors are promoted in support of these worthwhile monthly recognitions of Houston's best.
St. Nicholas Committee – plans, promotes and directly fulfills basic needs as we serve the men, women and children most "at risk" in our community. At Christmas time, we assist the Salvation Army and "ring the Red Kettle bell" to encourage donations for underprivileged families all over the area. Members of the committee raise money, purchase and deliver needs and wants as gifts to families selected by the Salvation Army.
Veterans Committee - plans and promotes the annual Downtown Rotary Veterans Day "Salute to Veterans" Luncheon Celebration honoring service men and women past and present, This is one of the largest Rotary luncheons honoring veterans in our city. At the Houston Veterans National Cemetery presents a Memorial Day wreathe honoring our fallen heroes. The committee supports the PTSD Foundation of America, Camp Hope and Honor Flight among other organizations with the goal of helping every veteran in our area. They work directly with many Veterans Assistance organizations including the USO to provide executive advice and council to veterans where needed in our community.
II. Club Service
Classification Committee – The Club President, Past Presidents and Membership Committee Chairman assign the new member classifications. Assists the Membership committee to review membership applications and explain membership requirements to prospective members. We are a "protected" classification Rotary Club.
Administration Committee - Works directly with the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston Board Secretary and Treasurer to assist in all administrative functions of the club. Oversees cash, check and credit card functions at club events and making the member and guest check-in process a quick and positive experience. The committee gives new guest information to the Membership Chair to appraise those individuals qualified to be sponsored in our club.
Entertainment and Social Committee - coordinates events that promote friendship, fellowship and fun. These gatherings include Wine Tasting parties, Holiday Family affairs, Fine Arts and Group Sporting events – organizes the annual Downtown Rotary Club of Houston Shooting Clays, Houston Polo Club and Formula One Auto Racing Events and other business networking and family activities. These occasions are designed to provide a casual and upscale fun environment for networking with fellow Rotarians and business leaders on a more personalized level.
Finance, Foundations and Grants Committee - responsible for a broad range of issues from the club's investment policy and accounting system, to the annual budget. Also identifies district scholarship and grant initiatives which align with the mission of the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston. Acts as a liaison with Rotary District 5890 on related issues.
Membership Committee - carries four (4) major assignments: increase club membership, retain existing members, perform the duty to announces Club Officers and Directors elections, and collects club board and officer nominations. The committee determines member eligibility and sets elections and runoffs to elect candidates for open offices and board positions annually. This requires a deep belief in everything Rotary stands for and sensitivity to people's needs, problems and schedules in today's fast paced social and business world. The committee assesses new membership initiatives offered by District 5890 and Rotary International and helps the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston apply those learned principles to increase membership. The committee plans and implements all aspects of Rotary 101 and New Member Orientation, including education of new members about our Downtown Rotary Club and Rotary International. Committee members schedule each new member to participate in orientation and is responsible for assimilating new members, with their sponsors, into the activities of the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston and encouraging them to fulfill the duties of a new member to become active and involved Rotarians.
Program Committee - responsible for arranging each month's program of speakers, including Rotary International videos designed to inform members of the International efforts of Rotary. The committee supports the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston President in selecting the Chair of the Day, Prayer, Pledge and 4-Way Test monthly assignments as well as the future calendar of events.
Public Relations, Marketing, Social Media and Web Development Committee - responsible for member recognition, increasing awareness of the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston service programs and their importance to our community. Promotes the "good work" of our Downtown Rotary Club in the Media. Also provides website support to the Web Master and reviews club communication systems for effectiveness.
Strategic Planning Committee - serves as a long-range planning group for the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston. It reviews and updates the Club Vision Statement, and with an eye to the future, suggests to the Board of Directors ideas and plans looking toward a fuller development of the Rotary concept. It also provides leadership and assistance to apply and follow through on Rotary awards applications for our Downtown Rotary Club of Houston, and continuing viability and relevance of our club in the future.
III. International Service
International Service Committee - responsible for identifying international service projects to be recommended to the Board of Directors and club membership. This includes our global projects shared by Rotary clubs all over the world to meet the needs defined by Rotary International in our six (6) areas of focus. These include Economic and Community development, Basic Education and Literacy, Water and Sanitation, Disease Prevention and Treatment, Maternal and Child Health and Peace and Conflict Prevention/Resolution.
IV. Vocational Service
Free Enterprise Camp Committee - arranges the annual day-camp for select area high school students focusing on the Free Enterprise System which is not presently taught in our Public-School system. The most successful business individuals in our club and community will be our guests so that these "Leaders of Tomorrow" can learn directly from the people that are proven success stories. These individuals are specially chosen to make available information about their vocations to students who are choosing a career. The special emphasis is on business leadership and the need for high standards and opportunities for service in each occupation. Students will be "on campus" at the University of Houston Bauer School of Business to learn and experience teambuilding, leadership, business principles, and dealing with the challenges of life in business in the "Think Tank" format. This is much like the Shark Tank format on ABC Television. The objective is to explore, expose, challenge and awaken interest and imagination on the whole concept of Business and Private Free Enterprise. The selection process includes their high school principals and counselors. The "Leaders of Tomorrow" will, with the guidance of faculty and club members to vote those worthy of College scholarships and grants that are awarded and the end of the camp.
NOTE: Other area programs and organizations given consideration support or directed by the Downtown Rotary Club of Houston and its individual members not mentioned above include:
Houston First Corp, The Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau (Visit Houston), the Holocaust Museum-Houston, Thanksgiving Tree Lighting in Uptown Post Oak, The Junior League of Houston, Texas Independence Day, San Jacinto Day, Lemonade Day, NASA Day, Texas A&M, University of Houston, University of Texas, Rice University, Rotary End Polio Now (with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), Texas EquuSearch – Mounted Search and Recovery Team, The Lone Star Veterans Association, The Heart of Texas Foundation, The Houston Downtown Management District, the US Constitution Day and our Unapologetically American Day to name a few.
MEETING ADDRESS
The Downtown Rotary Club of Houston
Ballroom at Bayou Place
534 Texas Avenue
3805 West Alabama Street
Email: admin@downtownrotaryhouston.org
Phone: +1 713-621-7200 —
Fax: +1 713-635.9051
© 2021 The Downtown Rotary Club of Houston. All Rights Reserved.


"MINIONS – Super Fans Spot"
The story of Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment's Minions begins at the dawn of time. Starting as single-celled yellow organisms, Minions evolve through the ages, perpetually serving the most despicable of masters. Continuously unsuccessful at keeping these masters—from T. rex to Napoleon—the Minions find themselves without someone to serve and fall into a deep depression.


Our gas line contractors in Denver can handle all your gas line installation or other gas line services including repair. We train and certify all our technicians, because gas lines must be installed or repaired properly. There is no room for error. We ensure that your lines are safe and will safely operate your chosen appliance. Our Denver gas line contractors are also trained to extend existing lines to move existing appliances or to add new appliances.
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Many Denver buildings use gas for their heating of air or water, or even for cooling. Homes might use gas lines for fireplaces, drying clothes or even washing machines. Some make use out exterior gas line service for grills, tiki torches and other lighting or heating appliances. Our gas line contractors in Denver have seen it all and are trained to work on anything that runs off lines of gas. Contact us for any and all gas line services.
Maybe you there is the telltale smell of rotten eggs, so you suspect a gas leak in your Denver building. Maybe your appliance just doesn't heat like it used to. If you suspect a gas leak, call our experts right away. We also perform routine maintenance which includes a full inspection of your pipes for leaks. If we find anything that might be a problem or is a problem, we will provide the repair for your building in Denver.


Terry Dan Dickson, 76, of Melber died on Saturday, September 1, 2018 at his residence.
Mr. Dickson was a retired electrician from Local 816 and of the Baptist faith.
Surviving are five children, Jeffrey Dickson of Melber, Kimberly Dye of Paducah, Jill Wilson of Melber, Barry Dickson of Melber, and Benji Dickson of Paducah; one sister, Susan Dennis of Metropolis; two brothers, Gerry Dickson of Paducah and Tim Dickson of South Fulton, TN; several grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by one son, Bradley Dickson. His parents were Jewel Dickson and Jeanette Dickson.


Home Diet 10 Dangerous Foods You Should Absolutely Avoid!
You might be thinking that you are safe as you are eating and consuming healthy foods in your day to day life. But, wait hang on a second and give a look on the lost which can even cost you your life. So, choose the food wisely and try not to have any food which is made up of artificial things.
Fast food chains don't even think about the quality of the food which they are serving you, all they think is how to make profits from the food and about the stakeholders. Although, everyone is aware about the fact that the fast foods are not healthier enough, but they should be avoided. The reason behind the health issue is the additives added such as trans-fats, sugars, chemicals like MSGs, and preservatives to make the food taste good.
They don't have the good portion size either, the burgers contain 19 grams of saturated fats alone and the French fires contains the 4 days of trans-fats in it. All the fast food is loaded with the unnecessary stuff such as commercialized beef, artificial sweeteners, GMO's, trans-fats, and preservatives. So, avoid as much as you can.


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You are at:Home»News»Aircraft Seating»Aircraft Interiors Expo: Innovations for seat customization
Aircraft Interiors Expo: Innovations for seat customization
By Adam Gavine on	 April 11, 2018 Aircraft Seating, Passenger Experience
Aircraft Interiors Expo is a key event for the launch of new aircraft seats, in-depth details of which will be in the June issue of Aircraft Interiors International. However, as well as offerings from aircraft seat manufacturers, the smaller-scale seat-related innovations at the show offer a great opportunity for airline customization, spanning everything from foams to power, to design tools. These are some of the top stories from the Expo…
Seatbelts get safer
ACM (Aircraft Cabin Modification) is the latest company to develop a seatbelt featuring sensors that alerts crew whether passengers have fastened their belts. Any uncooperative passengers are exposed to crew via an app, which saves crew members having to walk up and down the aisles before take-off and landing to check whether passengers have fastened their seatbelts (as well as during turbulence, when the crew should be safely belted in). Any uncooperative passengers are highlighted on an app, so crew can directly request them to comply with safety regulations.
As well as enhancing passenger and crew safety, the technology also enables airlines to prove whether the seatbelt of any passenger injured during turbulence was fastened or not, which helps in the defense of possible compensation claims. According to ACM, despite the added technology integrated into the Smart Belt, it does not weight more than standard seatbelts used today.
Adjustable seat pan concept
Omniseat, an adjustable seat pan concept, is being shown by Aeroworks. According to the company, it will increase comfort levels in the hip to knee space for all sizes of passenger in economy class or premium economy class, from 5th percentile Asian females to 95th percentile western males.
On the prototype being demonstrated, the seat pan pivots below the lumbar region of the passenger, which enables the front section of the seat pan to be raised or lowered. This simple system is lightweight and does not require a great deal of force to be deployed, and it can be complemented with an extendable bull nose for extending or contracting the seat.
Mirus boosts its design capabilities
Following a popular trend among seat manufacturers, Mirus has created an in-house industrial design team. Named RWorks, the team will work in parallel with its Core team, which works on primary engineering programs). RWorks will create next-generation concepts and explore the latest material technologies, with its first project being the Vision 2030 concept seat, a 16G-proven design that draws on the company's Formula 1 engineering expertise, with only eight parts and a projected weight of just 3.8kg (8.3 lb) per pax.
RWorks can also customize existing Mirus seats to meet specific airlines' requirements and incorporate individual brand values through color, material and tailoring packages
In other Mirus news, the company has appointed KID-Systeme as single-source USB supplier. The company's SKYpower in-seat USB power system will be fitted to the Hawk seat as part of Mirus's launch contract with AirAsia, a contract that covers 300 aircraft joining the AirAsia fleet over the next decade. The USB ports will be integrated into the armrests, which have been developed in conjunction with IFPL, a peripherals specialist.
Turning seat comfort into data
Aviation technology firm FliteTrak is showing a technology that measures and maps pressure points on airline seat cushions, generating key data which an AI learning platform can interpret, to create visual pressure mapping for seat design based on live passenger use. The system, ViatorComfortsystem, creates useful usage data for optimizing the comfort of seat designs, and can also be used by airlines to monitor seats and cushions for signs of wear and tear – whether through tell-tale passenger movement or simply the hours the seat has been used, and it can also enable crew to access data to monitor individual seats in real time.
Announcements and competitions at digEcor and HAECO
digEcor has announced that its in-seat power solution system for USB power is now compatible with HAECO's Vector seat platform, and can be pre-integrated with the seat or retrofitted using a seat modification installation kit. The system comprises two spar-mounted boxes (housing either single or double USB jacks) with a USB seat power unit powering both boxes. According to digEcor CEO David Withers, the system can be installed in a cabin overnight.
The system is also available for various Aviointeriors and Acro seating products
To prove how quickly the system can be installed, registered airline employees can visit digEcor at the Expo (Stand 4B30, Hall B4 Lower) and try their hand at installing the system on its Vector seat model. The fastest fitter during the event wins a single-aisle shipset of USB power, and runners-up are entered into a draw to win a second shipset. Visitors who aren't from airlines can also try their hand, with fun prizes on offer.
In other HAECO Cabin Solutions news, the company has received Technical Standard Orders (TSO)-C127b authorization from the FAA for its Vector Premium seat platform for all seat configurations on Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft. Obtaining this authorization will streamline the certification process for the seat, reducing lead times.
USB Type-C added to EmPower systems
Astronics Advanced Electronic Systems (AES) is expanding its EmPower range of in-seat power technologies with a USB Type-C in-seat power system. The system is a response to the emerging standard of USB Type-C charging for personal electronic devices and is comprised of an in-seat power system that can supply four aircraft seats with up to 60W of power through USB Type-C outlets. The new outlets are available in a standalone Type-C configuration or in a dual USB Type-C and USB Type-A configuration.
Astronics Corporation subsidiary, Astronics Advanced Electronic Systems (AES), introduced a wireless charging module that enables the latest personal electronic devices (PEDs) to be charged wirelessly at up to 15W. The module can be fitted in a seat – on a cocktail table, for example, or in other cabin furniture or galleys, and while some charging surfaces can be little bigger then the device, the Astronics AES module has a wide placement radius.
"Over 70 models of smartphones are now enabled with Qi wireless charging. As airline passengers carry these devices on board, wireless charging will be an expected amenity", stated Mike Hettich, VP of cabin electronics at Astronics AES.
50 years ago today… the beautiful Boeing 747
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Jun 18, 2020, 05:00am EDT |
What Could Stop Remittance Giant Western Union Acquiring MoneyGram And Changing The Money Transfer Sector Forever
Daniel WebberContributor
I write about international payments.
How much longer will we Western Union and MoneyGram brands side by side
Western Union WU , the leading remittance provider worldwide, was reported several weeks ago to have bid to take over one of its largest competitors MoneyGram MGI . Both stock prices shot up on news of the proposed takeover. To date, there has been no formal denial by either side. The economics of the deal look very positive but could the deal pass the relevant antitrust hurdles or is it simply too complex? This isn't a new idea either; Western Union and MoneyGram were together 30 years ago when they were both part of First Data FDC .
Enough Synergies To Go Round
From a shareholder value and economic point of view, the deal makes sense for both parties. Both companies are struggling for top line growth and whilst their digital businesses have been growing, their cash to cash segments, the core of each, has been in slow but serial decline.
There appear to be multiple synergies from the deal. On the revenue side, there are many corridors in which Western Union and MoneyGram are the two key players, especially in the cash-to-cash business and typically into markets such as Africa and some parts of Asia where both have a stranglehold on receiving agent relationships.
FXC Intelligence
According to our own pricing data at FXC Intelligence, across the whole of the first quarter of 2020, Western Union was more expensive than MoneyGram in 85% of the major outbound corridors from the US, and in over 90% from the UK. This provides clear opportunities to raise pricing if Western Union was in control of MoneyGram.
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On the cost side, there are plenty of potential savings too. As a share of its direct costs, MoneyGram paid 70% in agent commissions in 2019, and Western Union paid 60%. We expect these costs could be brought in line and there are a few markets, other than perhaps with Ebix in India, where agents will be able to avoid being squeezed. Further savings would also be expected in terms of selling, general and administration costs where many duplicate functions could be streamlined or removed.
Finally, in terms of capital structure, MoneyGram currently holds around $850m of expensive debt. Western Union should be able to restructure this part to reduce interest charges and boost EBITDA.
Whilst it is unlikely a deal would provide any significant growth, it would be beneficial for earnings and would buy a number of years in terms of strategy. By then, it is possible one of the up and coming digital focused Fintechs will have enough scale to justify the next major acquisition.
Assessing Potential Antitrust Challenges
There are different reasons why antitrust issues can be raised. One is simply a market share measure. Let's start by looking at the market as a whole. Using the World Bank's $600-700bn size of the remittance market, Western Union, with around $80bn of remittances flow and MoneyGram with $30bn, account for less than 20% of the market. This is unlikely to trigger significant competitive issues. In fact, the consumer market can be further expanded to include areas such as cross-border ecommerce, overseas investments and property purchases. That likely brings the market size up to perhaps $2trn, of which a combined Western Union and MoneyGram would have only 5.5% market share.
Where market share dominance starts to become more of an issue is when we start looking at niches of the remittance market. Post Offices are key agent partners of Western Union and MoneyGram worldwide, sometimes with exclusive contracts, other times just as the de-facto only offering. Between them, the two companies would dominate the Post Office relationships globally which provide substantial agent location coverage, especially on the recipient side of the transfer. Ria, who would be the clear number two in the market if this deal happens has a number of Post Office relationships in markets such as Austria and Belgium, but is a long way behind.
Additionally, certain countries in regions such as Africa are dominated by Western Union and MoneyGram. In these instances, the combined entity may be forced to open up to competition or even exit the market. Going market by market and receiving the necessary approvals is clearly one of the hurdles of the deal, but having to make a few concessions in some receive markets would not be material enough to derail the deal. The current political winds would suggest that Europe could pose more regulatory challenges to clear a deal than the US.
A second important aspect antitrust will likely be looking at is whether a deal would stifle technological innovation. This was a critical question when the recent PayPal acquisition of iZettle was being reviewed. The biggest change going on in the remittances market right now is the shift to digital. Both Western Union and MoneyGram have substantial digital businesses that have also been benefitting from the boost to digital that the pandemic has caused. But it would be very hard to make a claim that technological innovation in cross-border payments is being led by these two players. Right now, there are many very well funded Fintechs, banks are testing areas such as blockchain and there are literally thousands of payment companies around the world, all with business plans aiming to "reduce the friction" in cross-border payments.
What Would Happen To The MoneyGram Brand
One of the interesting questions of this potential deal is what would Western Union do with the MoneyGram brand. In the money transfer space, Western Union is without doubt the most well known of all brands. PayPal is the only other player with as much brand awareness globally, although it targets a different segment of the consumer money transfer market. Research previously conducted by FXC Intelligence shows MoneyGram is one of the most well known brands after Western Union but far below it in terms of absolute unprompted brand awareness.
This would suggest there are a handful of options available to Western Union. One would be to retire the MoneyGram brand and move everything over to Western Union. This would bring about some savings on the marketing side and would be leveraging the stronger brand. An alternative is to run MoneyGram as a lower cost brand. This would be useful as it would enable multiple product positionings, in some cases retaining dual listings in competitive environments (e.g. agent shop windows) and perhaps keeping a lower priced option may be advantageous.
Western Union has some history here. In 1997, it acquired the Orlandi Valuta brand, a chain of around 2,000 agents in California, Texas, Illinois, Florida and Mexico. For a while, it continued to maintain the Orlandi brand as a lower cost alternative but eventually, through lack of investment, the brand whittled away. Such a decision for the MoneyGram brand would have to be taken carefully.
Why Hasn't The Deal Happened Already
Since Western Union and MoneyGram were last together in the nineties, why hasn't such a deal to bring these two parties back together happened sooner? First, some significant time had to pass for the money transfer landscape to change enough so that the dominance of these two players would reduce. Back in the mid-nineties, it was the US Federal Trade Commission that forced First Data Corporation to sell MoneyGram as part of its merger with First Financial in the first place. The new Fintechs such as Remitly, WorldRemit, Azimo, TransferGo and Nium only started in the last ten years and are finally beginning to gain scale. Second, in the current market, Western Union itself has fewer strategic options available to materially drive the business. Three years ago when Ant Financial tried to buy MoneyGram, we understand that Western Union deemed the deal too complex. But now, that complexity may be worth overcoming.
Good For Shareholders But What About Customers
Western Union has been through multiple rounds of cost cutting already and there is likely little left to squeeze out other than what has already been announced. There is certainly no silver bullet available for revenue growth, so a strategy that removes a competitor and at least leads to more free cash flow makes a lot of sense. For MoneyGram, it would essentially end its David vs Goliath battle with Western Union and add a decent premium to what is at present a historically depressed share price.
For consumers, it is much harder to say that the deal would be beneficial. Consolidating in a market where price is already a sensitive factor would not necessarily be welcomed. Nor would reducing consumer choice. For many migrants and remittance customers, Western Union and MoneyGram are the only options, especially where cash is involved. Helping to keep these brands alive and well may ensure that their remittance lifelines remain.
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Daniel Webber
Daniel is Founder and CEO of FXC Intelligence, a financial data company specializing in the cross-border payments, cards and ecommerce industries. Daniel is a leading
Daniel is Founder and CEO of FXC Intelligence, a financial data company specializing in the cross-border payments, cards and ecommerce industries. Daniel is a leading influencer in the cross-border payments space globally. He is frequently invited to speak at industry conferences and provide insights and data on the sector. His weekly industry newsletter is the most widely read in the international payments market.


Alfreton Town can confirm that an agreement between the club and defender Jordan Snodin has been reached to cancel his contract by mutual consent.
Jordan signed a one year deal with the Reds in July 2017 and featured during our pre-season campaign but has made just one substitute appearance in the 2017/18 season.
Snodin was recently loaned to Ossett Albion in September.
"We have mutually agreed to cancel Jordan's contract, he has been a good lad to work with and he is a good player. Unfortunately other players become available which turn heads and he had moved down the pecking order in terms of selection."
"It's benefical for Jordan to leave us and gain the minutes he needs for his development, we have left on good terms and we wish him all the best in his future career."
All at ATFC wish Jordan all the best in his future career and thank him for his contribution to the Reds.


We would like to signpost parents to KOOTH an online support for children from the age of 10 years. It is a NHS funded organisation that offers wellbeing support, advice and counselling. Children can sign up to its services on the homepage. Kooth has trained counsellors that will reply to messages sent from a child. There are also age appropriate forums that children can be part of. Teachers of our Year 5 and Year 6 children will be discussing this support network with their classes over the next couple of weeks. They will not be suggesting that all children access it but making them aware that it is another organisation like ChildLine that they can use.
Our regular e-safety evenings attract a wide audience of parents, carers and staff. If you would like any further details please do not hesitate to call into the school office to find out more.
The children have created their class e-safety rules to keep themselves safe online when in school. We also have Acceptable Use Agreements for computers, which detail our school rules for using computers safely. These are sent home so that our children can read through and discuss with parents. Signed copies are then sent back to school so we can keep these alongside our Home School Agreements. Please scroll to the bottom of this page to find copies of these agreements attached, one form each for EYFS, Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2.
Click on the images for links to other websites for good advice on the safe use of the internet.


Costa Rica is beefing up the security of its ports because new international requirements go into effect July 1.
About 88 percent of exports and imports move by boat, so tightening up post security will qualify shipping from here to enter U.S. and other ports without extra inspections.
The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code is aimed at protecting the global shipping industry from terrorist threats, U.S. officials said.
In Costa Rica, transportation officials outlined Monday how they will protect the Caribbean ports of Limón-Moín and the Pacific ports of Caldera in Puntarenas, Golfito and Punta Morales.
The Junta de Administración Portuaria y de Desarrollo Economico de la Vertiente Atlántica, known as JAPDEVA for short, is in charge of the two Caribbean locations. Officials said Monday they are in the process of investing nearly $1 million for better fencing and better lighting to keep trespassers out of port properties. Bids are being sought for closed circuit television for both ports at an estimated cost of $300,000.
They also are issuing new identification cards and conducting extensive training for employees and shippers. One change for tourists who come on the cruise ships will be an entrance and exit from the Limón dock separate from employees.
The port of Caldera will get new perimeter fencing, too, some $650,000 worth, as well as more lighting and closed circuit television. That port is run by the Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico.
Both Limón and Caldera are cruise ship ports. This year officials expect 266 ships with more than half a million tourists.
The Ministerio de Obras Públicas and Transportes is supervising the process to have the nation's commercial ports certified as meeting the code. Minister Javier Chaves Bolaños directed a presentation of plans Monday.
In Washington Monday the U.S. Coast Guard announced that it would send inspectors to foreign ports to help evaluate the security in advance of July 1.
The United States is offering to reciprocate and invite officials from other countries to visit U.S. ports and evaluate how those facilities are fulfilling code requirements, the agency said.
In a separate statement, the Coast Guard said that, starting July 1, it will board every ship on its first visit to a U.S. port and track all ships coming from non-compliant ports or countries that are not signatories of the code. The Coast Guard can deny entry into U.S. territorial waters as a security measure, it added.
Although passengers are a concern to terrorists-conscious U.S. officials, the truck-sized shipping containers are possible receptacles for bombs and other types of materials for terrorist mayhem. Most cargo now moves in containers.
Flying the unfriendly skies to the U.S.
Last August U.S. officials suspended the Transit Without Visa Program because "recent specific intelligence indicates that terrorist groups have been planning to exploit these transit programs to gain access to the U.S. or U.S. airspace without going through the consular screening process."
That meant Costa Ricans flying through Miami, New York or Los Angeles to some other foreign destination had to get a visa from the U.S. Embassy here even though they never leave the U.S. airport.
still is in place with no terrorists in sight.
When we received responses from our readers about how well the U.S. Embassy here was doing its job, non-North Americans were mainly unhappy about the suspension of the transit program and a similar setup for persons going to more than one U.S. airport.
What was even worse was that persons seeking the transit visas received the same scrutiny that a tourist or student would receive if going to the United States. The scrutiny had nothing to do with terrorism. The questions related to financial status, marital status and employment history.
We have seen one case where a young Filipina who already had visited the United States on two visas was denied a third to simply catch a plane from Miami to London. She ended up going through Cuba at great personal expense and frustration after an embassy official denied her a transit visa even though she had a valid six-month British visa.
A news story Oct. 16 reported the anger felt by persons who were subjected to this $100 visa charge for a brief stopover. A news story Nov. 21 reported that the United States would not require a digital fingerprint.
Consular officials blame that change on changes in the U.S. law. But the suspension of the visa program was done by bureaucrats.
At the very least, U.S. officials should have less strict standards for issuing transit visas. For public relations sake, they should return to the waiver program that endured for more than 50 years, particularly now that other safeguards are in place to keep terrorists from taking over U.S.-bound passenger flights.
The Ministerio de Hacienda is trying to build support among blue collar Costa Ricans for the proposed new tax plan. The ministry is flooding certain selected television shows with quick commercials that suggest only the wealthy will be hit by the new taxes.
For example, one ad says that education will not be covered by the value added tax. Another says that aginaldos, the extra month of pay that Costa Ricans get at Christmas, will not be subject to income tax.
Those who earn less, pay less, and those who earn more, pay more, say the ads.
The tax plan is out of the hands of the citizens, and is before the Asamblea National where it has run into trouble because more lawmakers have not had a chance to read the 400-page proposal. The plan is expected to raise $500 million in new taxes from Costa Ricans.
A 54-year-old U.S. citizen, well known in San Rafael de Escazú because of his dress and the walks he took, died Thursday night when he was hit by a taxi there.
The Judicial Investigating Organization identified the man as Adrian Junior Washington. A police official said he saw the man many times and remembered him because Washington, a big man, had fair skin and long white hair. He dressed in black.
The accident took place about 7 p.m. Thursday when Washington was crossing the San Rafael-Escazú Centro highway. The driver of the car that hit him was identified as a pirate taxi operator.
A man leaped from the crowd, jumped the fence and kicked and beat a referee at the Liga Deportiva Alajuelense-Deportivo Saprissa game Sunday night, and police want to arrest him.
Rogelio Ramos Martínez, the minister of Gobernación, Policía y Seguridad Pública, said this kind of situation cannot go unpunished.
The referee, Alexandro Jiménez, was involved in a discussion with players when the spectator came up behind him. The man moved too fast for security workers at the game. The referee suffered injuries.
The man was in custody after the attack, but for some reason police let him go before a prosecutor could become involved.
The attack on the referee was the culmination of a rowdy soccer match. The televised attack was a staple of sports programs Monday. The aggressor is clearly visible.
Investigators have identified a suspect in the Sunday morning shooting of a man near a dance club in Centro Comercial El Pueblo.
The suspect is a 33-year-old Colombian male, Dario Jarmillo Gallego, who is believed to be in flight.
The victim was a Coronado man identified by the last names of Vázquez Madrigal. He was 21. Agents said they suspected that the fight that led to the shooting was over the affections of a woman.
Juan Santamaría Airport is the third best among airports handling 5 million or fewer passengers a year, according to Alterra Costa Rica, the concessionaire.
The designation was made by the International Airline Transport Association, which also categorized the airport as fourth best in the American continents.
On May 5 Alterra, a private firm, celebrates the end of its third year running the airport for the government.
Armed men entered the Otoya pensión in the heart of downtown San José early Monday and took cash, cellular telephones, computers and other merchandise. The morning stickup took place on Avenida 3 between calles 1 and 3.
HERSHEY, Pa. — President George Bush focused on the war on terrorism in a speech Monday here in Pennsylvania, an important state in his re-election campaign. Bush called on Congress to renew the controversial law, the U.S.A. Patriot Act, which he said will help America stay strong and resolute in the face of a continuing terrorist threat.
The president said the government needs certain tools to protect the American people. High on his list is the U.S.A. Patriot Act.
It is a law passed by Congress in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, which contains steps that make it easier for law enforcement and intelligence agencies to share information. It also includes provisions that expand the use of wiretaps and search warrants, and increase electronic surveillance of suspected terrorists.
Critics, including some members of the president's own political party, said that the Patriot Act goes too far and threatens individual liberties. They have said that they want to block or at least delay congressional action when key parts of the law come up for renewal next year. Bush said that they are wrong, and called the measure "essential law."
"We have got to be vigilant against terror at all costs," he said. "And there is only one path to safety and that is the path of action. We must act with the Patriot Act. We must continue to stay on the offensive."
Bush added that the entire law should be made permanent. He suggested that Congress made some of the law's key provisions subject to renewal because some lawmakers thought the terrorist threat would be short lived.
"The problem is that the war on terror continues and yet some senators and congressmen not only want to let the provisions expire, they want to roll back some of the permanent features," he said. "It doesn't make any sense. We can't return to the days of false hope."
The remarks came in a speech to a convention of local government officials here. The president is expected to deliver a similar message Tuesday.
BOGOTA, Colombia — The whereabouts of a right-wing Colombian warlord remain unknown on Monday, following media reports that he escaped an attack unharmed.
Colombian media say Carlos Castano disappeared Friday after his bodyguards were involved in a shootout with unidentified gunmen. The reports say Castano fled the attack, which took place in northern Colombia, with his wife and young daughter. Castano, the political head of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, has recently been involved in peace talks with the government.
His right-wing paramilitary group, known as AUC, is supported by drug traffickers and some segments of the Colombian military. The group has also been involved in the killing of Colombia's leftist rebels, and has been designated a terrorist organization by the United States.
U.S. authorities are seeking Castano's extradition on drug trafficking charges.
VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. — The U.S. space agency is about to launch what is thought to be the most technologically difficult experiment ever undertaken aboard a spacecraft. A satellite called Gravity Probe B goes into orbit from here today to determine if German physicist Albert Einstein was correct when he theorized that large celestial bodies like our planet bend space and time.
Approximately 45 years after it was first conceived, Gravity Probe B is finally getting its chance to make the subtlest measurements of the cosmos ever attempted. With that data, scientists hope to show that Einstein's theory of how gravity works is correct.
The launch was scrubbed Monday when officials became concerned about the wind. Lift off is 11:57 a.m. Costa Rican time.
The eminent 17th century English scientist Isaac Newton thought of gravity as a force between two objects that acts instantaneously, no matter how far the distance between them, but Einstein rejected Newton's theory because nothing, not even gravity, is believed to be faster than light, and light takes time to travel between two objects.
Instead, Einstein conceived of gravity in an entirely different way, as Stanford University physicist Francis Everitt points out. "To cut a long story short, Einstein realized that no longer could one look at gravity as a force in the way Newton had, but as something that distorts space and time," he said.
Imagine a bowling ball on a mattress. In a simple analogy to gravity, the weight of the ball causes the bed to sag so that another object placed on the mattress tends to roll toward it.
Einstein also suggested that a rotating object has another affect on space and time, as explained by California Institute of Technology physicist Kip Thorne.
"The spin of the Earth or the sun or any other body drags space into motion around itself like the air in a tornado," he said. "That we have never seen in any definitive way. There have been hints of observations of it, but nothing definitive and absolutely nothing that is quantitative."
To measure the predicted twist and curvature of space and time, physicists Thorne and Everrit have helped design Gravity Probe B so that it will remain as steady in space as possible.
To accomplish this, the probe has four of the most accurate gyroscopes ever made. Gyroscopes are devices that spin and are used to keep spacecraft in a stable position. The basis of these gyroscopes is four nearly perfect spheres the size of ping pong balls, made of glass coated with a thin layer of the metal nobium. They are so smooth and round that if Earth was as smooth, it would have no mountains and the highest point would be less than three meters.
View of Gravity Probe C being assembled at Lockheed Martin Corp. for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
the warping and the swirl of space around the spinning Earth.
"The whirling motion of space around the Earth grabs the gyroscope to change its spin axis like a straw floating on the surface of a river," Kip Thorne explained. "Where the river flows faster in the center and slower near the bank, the straw will turn. It's precisely the same thing going on here. Space moves faster near the Earth and slower farther away and the spin axis of the gyroscope turns."
However, the drift of the gyroscopes' axis is expected to be extremely subtle. Over one year, it should be about one-tenth the width of a human hair, as measured by extremely sensitive detectors aboard Gravity Probe B.
It has taken 45 years and seven project cancellations to move from concept to flight. This is the longest development time for any U.S. space mission. Its goals may seem esoteric and impractical, but Stanford University engineer Brad Parkinson said that Scottish physicist James Maxwell's laws of electricity and magnetism in the 19th century seemed that way until the world was electrified.
"Physics finds fundamental laws and it is rare that the generation you're currently in has a direct benefit, but it is the sons and grandsons," he said. "So I think it is for our grandchildren."
The Gravity Probe B satellite is to circle Earth for 16 months. If its detectors show no shift in the direction the gyroscopes point, theorists might have to begin developing new concepts of gravity and the shape of space.


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British Raj
British rule in the Indian subcontinent, 1858-1947
The British Raj is a term of history. "Raj" is a word of Indian languages which means "rule", so "British Raj" means rule by the British in India. This rule was before 1947 and was over parts of what are now four countries, the Republic of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar At that time, these four countries were all part of the British Indian Empire, known at the time as the Indian Empire and sometimes now spoken of as the "British Raj".
Indian Empire
Anthem: "God Save the King/Queen" [1]
1909 Map of the British Indian Empire, showing British India in two shades of pink and the princely states in yellow.
Imperial political structure (comprising British India, a quasi-federation of presidencies and provinces directly governed by the British Crown through the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Princely States, governed by Indian rulers, under the suzerainty of The British Crown exercised through the Viceroy of India)[2]
Calcutta (1858–1911)
New Delhi (1911–1947)
Common languages
Various South Asian languages
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism
British Colonial Government
Monarch of the United Kingdom and Emperor/Empressa
• 1858–1901
Edward VII
Edward VIII
George VI
Viceroyb
The 2nd Viscount Canning (first)
The 1st Viscount Mountbatten (last)
Lord Stanley (first)
The 5th Earl of Listowel (last)
Imperial Legislative Council
• Battle of Plassey & Indian Rebellion
23 June 1757 & 10 May 1857
• Government of India Act
• Indian Independence Act
• Partition of India
14 and 15 August 1947
Preceded by Succeeded by
Company rule in India
Mughal Empire
Dominion of India
Dominion of Pakistan
Title of Emperor/Empress of India existed 1876–1948
Full title was "Viceroy and Governor-General of India"
The "British Raj" is used to talk of the direct British rule over areas which had been conquered by the British, known as British India, and also the British influence over hundreds of independent "princely states" ruled by their own Indian rulers, under the overall authority of the British crown.
Undivided India is another term which is used to mean the whole area of British rule, but it does not take in Burma, which from 1937 was a British colony on its own. The colony of Aden came under the same government in India from 1858 to 1937, and so did British Somaliland (now part of Somalia) from 1884 to 1898 and Singapore from 1858 to 1867.
British rule in Pakistan and the East Bengal region ended on 14 August 1947, while British rule in the rest of what had been British India ended on 15 August 1947, however the boundaries came into effect on the 18th of that month as two countries.
Jammu and Kashmir, like the other princely states, had not been under direct British rule. India and Pakistan have gone to war over this area, and it is now divided between them.
↑ Charles Capwell (1987). Sourindro Mohun Tagore and the National Anthem Project. University of Illinois Press. p. 407. doi:10.2307/851664.
↑ Interpretation Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 63), s. 18.
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