text:
Edwin Washington Edwards (August 7, 1927 – July 12, 2021) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the U.S. representative for  from 1965 to 1972 and as the 50th governor of Louisiana for four terms (1972–1980, 1984–1988, and 1992–1996), twice as many elected terms as any other Louisiana chief executive. He served a total of 16 years in gubernatorial office, which at 5,784 days is the sixth-longest such tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history.

An influential figure in Louisiana politics, Edwards, who was dubbed the "very last of the line of New Deal Southern Democrats", was long dogged by charges of corruption. In 2001, he was found guilty of racketeering charges and sentenced to ten years in federal prison. Edwards began serving his sentence in October 2002 in Fort Worth, Texas, and was later transferred to the federal facility in Oakdale, Louisiana. He was released from federal prison in January 2011, having served eight years. He was also considered to be the last remnant of the political machine founded and led by Huey Long and Earl Long to serve as Governor.

In 2014, Edwards again sought election to the U.S. House of Representatives, running to represent . He placed first in the jungle primary, but was defeated by Republican Garret Graves by nearly 25 percentage points in the runoff election, a sign of Edwards' precipitous decline in popularity due to his felony conviction, as well as the Republican Party of Louisiana's growing dominance over state politics.

Early life and career
Edwin Washington Edwards was born in rural Avoyelles Parish, near Marksville. His father, Clarence Edwards, was a half-French Creole Presbyterian sharecropper, while his mother, the former Agnès Brouillette, was a French-speaking Roman Catholic. Edwards' ancestors were among early Louisiana colonists from France who eventually settled in Avoyelles Parish, referred to as the original French Creoles. Edwards, like many 20th century politicians from Avoyelles, assumed that he had Cajun ancestry, when in fact he may have had none. His father was descended from a family in Kentucky, who came to Louisiana during the American Civil War. His great-great-grandfather, William Edwards, was killed in Marksville at the beginning of the American Civil War because of his pro-Union sentiment.

The young Edwards had planned on a career as a preacher. As a young man, he did some preaching for the Marksville Church of the Nazarene. He served briefly in the U.S. Navy Air Corps near the end of World War II. After his return from the military, he graduated at the age of twenty-one from Louisiana State University Law Center and began practicing law in Crowley, the seat of Acadia Parish. He relocated there in 1949 after his sister, Audrey E. Isbell, who had moved there with her husband, told him there were few French-speaking attorneys in the southwestern Louisiana community.

Edwards entered politics through election to the Crowley City Council in 1954. He was a member of the Democratic Party which, in that era, had a monopoly on public offices in Louisiana, but which fell out of favor in the late 20th century. Edwards remained on the Crowley council until his election to the Louisiana State Senate in 1964; in that race he defeated, in a major political upset in the Democratic primary, the incumbent Bill Cleveland, a Crowley businessman who had served for twenty years in both houses of the Louisiana legislature. Years later as governor, Edwards appointed Cleveland's daughter, Willie Mae Fulkerson (1924–2009), a former member of the Crowley City Council, to the Louisiana Board of Prisons.

1971–1972 campaign for governor

In the election of 1971–1972, Edwards won the governorship after finishing first in a field of seventeen candidates in the Democratic primary, including the final race of former governor Jimmie Davis and Gillis Long, a relative of Huey Long. His greatest support came from southern Louisiana, particularly among its large numbers of Cajun, Creole, and African-American voters.

Both Edwards and Johnston ran on reform-oriented platforms during the primary, but Edwards was more adept at making political deals and building alliances for the runoff round of voting. Edwards said that the major philosophical difference that he held with Johnston was in regard to their "awareness of problems of the poor". Johnston won the endorsement of Edwards' legislative colleague, Joe D. Waggonner of Bossier Parish, but the Shreveport state senator declined to accept Edwards' offer of a televised debate between the two.

Bill Dodd, who was defeated for state superintendent of education in the same election cycle that Edwards was winning the governorship in for the first time, attributed the Edwards victory in part to political kingmaker Louis J. Roussel Jr., of New Orleans. According to Dodd, Roussel "can do more than any other individual in Louisiana to elect any candidate he supports for any office in this state. ... He is such a good administrator and motivator that he can put together an organization that will win in business and in politics."

First two terms as governor, 1972–1980

Both in his political rhetoric and in his public persona, Edwards cast himself as a Louisiana populist in the tradition of Huey P. Long and Earl K. Long. He was inaugurated as governor on May 9. One of his first acts was to call for a constitutional convention to overhaul Louisiana's bulky charter.

During his first two terms in office, Edwards developed a reputation for being one of the most colorful and flamboyant politicians in the history of a state known for its unorthodox political figures. Charismatic, well dressed, and quick with clever one-liners and retorts, Edwards maintained wide popularity.

On taking office, Edwards hired J. Kelly Nix as his executive assistant and in 1974 elevated him to first executive assistant. In the second term, however, Nix left the administration to take office as the Louisiana state school superintendent. Dale Thorn, who had been Edwards' press secretary while he was in Congress, continued in that position for the first and most of the second Edwards terms. He was later associate commissioner of higher education for the Louisiana Board of Regents, and an LSU journalism professor.

Under Edwards, Michael H. O'Keefe of New Orleans in 1976 was named president of the state Senate, an office that was held by the lieutenant governor prior to the implementation of the state Constitution of 1974. In 1983, as Edwards prepared to return to office, O'Keefe was engulfed in scandal and forced to leave the Senate. He was as replaced by Edwards loyalist Samuel B. Nunez Jr., of Chalmette in St. Bernard Parish. In 2013, O'Keefe was still serving time in prison for a 1999 conviction.

Policies and achievements

After enduring three grueling rounds of voting in the 1971–1972 campaign, Edwards pushed a bill through the legislature that limited state elections to two rounds by having Democratic, Republican, and independent candidates run together on the same ballot in a nonpartisan blanket primary. Though the jungle primary system was intended to benefit Edwards' own political career, many observers cite it as being a major factor in the eventual rise of the state's Republican Party and the creation of a genuinely competitive two-party system. For this, Edwards was facetiously christened "father of Louisiana's Republican Party".

William Denis Brown, III, a lawyer and a state senator from Monroe, was Edwards's floor leader in the upper legislative chamber in the first term as governor. A native of Vicksburg, Mississippi reared on a plantation north of Lake Providence in East Carroll Parish, Brown was instrumental in drafting the Louisiana Mineral Code. Thereafter from 1980 to 1988, Brown was the chairman of the Louisiana Board of Ethics.

Early in the first gubernatorial term, Edwards initiated the creation of the first new Louisiana state constitution in more than a half century. He intended to replace the Constitution of 1921, an unwieldy and outmoded document burdened with hundreds of amendments. A constitutional convention was held in 1973; the resulting document was put into effect in 1975. , the 1973 Constitution remains in effect. Edwards also undertook a major reorganization of the state government, abolishing over 80 state agencies and modeling the remaining structure after that of the federal government.

Edwards named State Representative J. Burton Angelle of Breaux Bridge as his director of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, a key appointment which Angelle filled for Edwards' first three terms of office.

Edwards' tenure in the 1970s coincided with a huge boom in the state's oil and gas industry after the gas pricing crisis of 1973. Edwards was able to greatly expand the state's oil revenues by basing severance taxes on a percentage of the price of each barrel rather than the former flat rate. This oil money fueled a massive increase in state spending (a 163% increase between 1972 and 1980), and Edwards was able to consistently balance the state budget due to the boom in oil revenue. Much of this increased spending went toward health and human services programs and increased funding for vocational-technical schools and higher education.

Edwards easily won reelection in 1975, with 750,107 votes (62.3 percent). In second place was Democratic State Senator Robert G. "Bob" Jones of Lake Charles, son of former Governor Sam Houston Jones, with 292,220 (24.3 percent). Secretary of State Wade O. Martin Jr., ran third with 146,363 (12.2 percent). Thereafter, Jones and Martin became Republicans. Addison Roswell Thompson, the perennial segregationist candidate from New Orleans, made his last race for governor in the 1975 primary.

Early scandals
Though arguably minor compared to the Edwards scandals of the 1980s and 1990s, the governor was embroiled in several ethics controversies during his first two terms in office. At the time, Edwards was remarkably candid about his questionable practices. When questioned about receiving illegal campaign contributions, he replied that "It was illegal for them to give, but not for me to receive." He also insisted he saw no problem with investing in a proposed New Orleans office building called "One Edwards Square" (it was never actually named that) while still governor, and demonstrated his gambling prowess to the press on one of his frequent gambling trips to Las Vegas. Later, Edwards' commissioner of administration Charles Roemerfather of future governor Buddy Roemer – was convicted of taking bribes and having connections with Mafia boss Carlos Marcello. Edwards managed to avoid direct implication in the Roemer case.

During the governor's first term, a disaffected former Edwards bodyguard named Clyde Vidrine made several high-profile accusations of corruption, including the sale of state agency posts. The accusations were investigated by a grand jury, but the Edwards administration attacked Vidrine's credibility and the investigation stalled. Later, Vidrine published a tell-all book called Just Takin' Orders, which included salacious details of Edwards' frequent gambling trips and extramarital escapades. Vidrine was murdered in December 1986 by the husband of a woman he was guarding, who believed Vidrine was having an affair with his wife.

In a 1976 scandal known as Koreagate, it came to light that Edwards and his wife Elaine had received questionable gifts in 1971, while Edwards was a U.S. representative. South Korean rice broker Tongsun Park was under investigation for trying to bribe American legislators on behalf of the South Korean government, and for making millions of dollars in commissions on American purchases of South Korean rice. Edwards admitted that Park gave Elaine an envelope containing $10,000 in cash, but insisted that the gift was given out of friendship and that there was nothing improper about it. In the course of the controversy, Edwards stated that he thought it was "super moralistic" for the U.S. government to prohibit American businessmen to accept gifts from foreign officials in the course of their business dealings. The scandal also engulfed Edwards's former congressional colleague Otto Passman of Monroe, who was later acquitted of all charges in the case, but nonetheless was defeated in his 1976 re-election bid by Jerry Huckaby of Ringgold.

First political comeback: Edwards vs. Treen, 1983

Barred by the state constitution from seeking a third term immediately after his second, Edwards temporarily left politics in 1980 but made it clear he would run again for governor in 1983. He began raising money and touring the state long before the 1983 election, maintaining what supporters called "the government in waiting". Early in 1982, Edwards said that he was so committed to running again for governor that "only death alone can separate me from this. ... We are being led by a governor whose only answer to unemployment is to buy a $350,000 jet."

In 1979, Republican David Treen was narrowly elected governor on a pledge of good government reform. Edwards had supported Treen's opponent, Democratic Public Service Commissioner Louis Lambert of Ascension Parish. As widely expected, Edwards in 1983 defeated Treen's re-election attempt. The election offered a clear contrast between the flamboyant, charismatic Edwards and the low-key, policy-oriented Treen. While Treen focused on Edwards' reputation for corruption and dishonesty, Edwards sought to portray Treen as incompetent and unresponsive to the public. Treen said of Edwards: "It's difficult for me to understand his popularity", which indicated in the eyes of many that he did not fully comprehend Louisiana politics. The two major candidates spent over $18 million between them; the election became renowned as one of the most expensive campaigns ever conducted in a state the size of Louisiana. John Maginnis' 1984 book, The Last Hayride, chronicles this colorful but lopsided campaign.

Before election day, Edwards joked with reporters: "The only way I can lose this election is if I'm caught in bed with either a dead girl or a live boy." Edwards zinged Treen many times, once describing Treen as "so slow it takes him an hour and a half to watch 60 Minutes." During a gubernatorial debate in 1983, Treen asked Edwards, "How come you talk out of both sides of your mouth?" Edwards instantly responded, "So people like you with only half a brain can understand me."

Edwards' brother, Marion David Edwards (1928–2013), was part of the 1983 campaign and of the entourage that headed to France and Belgium early in 1984 to raise money to repay a lingering $4.2 million campaign debt. Six hundred supporters joined the Edwardses on an eight-day tour that included dinner at Versailles and gambling in Monte Carlo. Each paid $10,000. Edwards expected a 70 percent profit on the contributors' tickets to retire the debt. Bumper stickers were printed in blue and gold campaign colors and distributed to those who contributed to the retirement of this debt. For years afterwards, motorists saw stickers on vehicles bearing the slogan, "I did Paris with the Gov."

Third term as governor, 1984–1988
State finances nosedived during the third Edwards administration. Money from petroleum severance taxes decreased sharply in the middle 1980s because of plummeting oil prices. In 1984, Edwards attempted to deal with the erosion of state revenue by approving $730 million—Edwards had requested $1.1 billion—in new personal taxes, including a 1 percentage point increase in the state sales tax, $61 million in higher corporate income taxes, and $190 million in additional gasoline taxes. The legislature, overwhelmingly dominated by lawmakers beholden to Edwards, passed these taxes into law, but the taxes were highly unpopular and damaged Edwards' level of public support. Republican State Representative Terry W. Gee of New Orleans said at the time, "Nobody realized the magnitude of what's going on; I've had 180 phone calls in two days against the higher taxes."

Much of Edwards' support in the 1970s had been fueled by high levels of social spending during times of economic prosperity; with economic conditions worsening, his popularity waned. To obtain passage of the higher taxes, Edwards first submitted Treen's 1984–1985 proposed budget as a warning to lawmakers. The Treen budget, he claimed, would cut state spending too drastically and cause roads to fall apart, bridges to collapse, and insurance premiums to skyrocket. Edwards predicted that if lawmakers passed Treen's budget instead of the higher taxes the voters would rebel and blame the legislature itself for the results. In the end, Edwards got most of what he wanted and was able to use the excuse of teacher pay increases to put pressure on lawmakers.

John Volz indictment and trials
In February 1985, soon after his third term began, Edwards was forced to stand trial on charges of mail fraud, obstruction of justice, and bribery, brought by U.S. Attorney John Volz. The charges were centered around an alleged scheme in which Edwards and his associates received almost $2 million in exchange for granting preferential treatment to companies dealing with state hospitals. Edwards proclaimed his innocence and insisted that the charges were politically motivated by Volz and the Republican Party. The first trial resulted in a mistrial in December 1985, while a second trial in 1986 resulted in an acquittal. After Edwards and his four co-defendants were acquitted, the hotel where the jurors had been sequestered revealed that half of the jurors had stolen towels as they left. Edwards quipped that he had been judged by a "jury of my peers".

Russell B. Long had correctly predicted in March 1985 that Edwards would indeed be acquitted by a Louisiana jury and that the ensuing trial would not disrupt state government. When Long announced his retirement from the U.S. Senate seat that he had held since 1948, he indicated his preference for Edwards as his senatorial successor but added, correctly, that he did not think Edwards would enter the 1986 Senate election.

Prosecutors referred to Marion Edwards, also indicted in the alleged health care scheme, as a "bag man" for his brother. Marion ridiculed this characterization at a French Quarter bar in New Orleans, when media representatives were present. He placed a shopping bag on his head to resemble a crown and tossed about phony $100 bills.

Edwards later recited during a toast at a French Quarter bar, though his beverage was non-alcoholic as he was a teetotaler, a rhyming invitation for Volz to "kiss my ass". The trials were rather lengthy, and at one point during the first trial but before the mistrial Edwards rode to the Hale Boggs U.S. Courthouse on a mule from his hotel. When asked by reporters why he did so, he replied something to the effect that it was symbolic of the speed and intellect of the federal judicial system, but also that he supported "tradition". Marion Edwards, an attorney, often wore a pinstripe suit with a top hat and cane and held comedic press briefings at the end of each court session on the steps of the courthouse. Marion Edwards mocked the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney Volz, and United States Judge Marcel Livaudais, who presided over the trials.

Even after beating the Volz indictment, Edwin Edwards' popularity was in decline. Despite his acquittal, the trial brought many sordid details of Edwards's conduct under public scrutiny. It was revealed that during frequent gambling trips to Las Vegas, Edwards lost hundreds of thousands of dollars under aliases such as T. Wong and E. Lee, later paying these gambling debts using suitcases stuffed with cash of unknown origin.

After the trial, Edwards' support for the legalization of gambling as a solution to the state's severe revenue shortages contributed to a further decline in his popularity. He had made unpopular budget cuts to education and other social programs earlier in his term. Beginning in January 1986, he argued that legalizing casino gambling in up to fifteen locations and creating a state lottery would be a way to restore the programs, but the state legislature rejected his gambling proposals. Entering a tough re-election campaign in 1987, Edwards seemed vulnerable. Going into the election, his disapproval ratings ranged from 52 to 71 percent.

At first Edwards had predicted that a casino and a state lottery would net the state $600 million; then he lowered the expectations to $150 million. Both gambling measures would eventually be implemented, but not during Edwards' third term.

Defeat: Edwards vs. Roemer, 1987
Several notable candidates lined up to face Edwards in the 1987 gubernatorial election. Perhaps his strongest early challenger was Republican Congressman Bob Livingston. Also in the race were Billy Tauzin, a then-Democratic Cajun congressman from Thibodaux who was a strong Edwards supporter while serving in the state legislature from 1972 to 1980; Democratic Secretary of State Jim Brown of Ferriday, and a Democratic congressman from Bossier City, Buddy Roemer, the son of former Commissioner of Administration Charles Roemer, who climbed up from a series of low poll rankings early in the campaign.

"Anyone But Edwards"
Edwards was the issue of the campaign. Because of his name recognition, his resilient supporters, and unmatched political skill, even a weakened Edwards could safely assume he would win a place in Louisiana's unique primary election system runoff. The question was whether his opponent in the runoff would be someone who could beat him.

There was a prevailing sense in the race that Edwards needed Livingston in the runoff. Livingston was a Republican in a state that had at that point elected only one Republican governor since Reconstruction. And Livingston was widely perceived as lacking in charisma and personality, which would work to Edwards's advantage. Any other opponent, a moderate Democrat without the ethical problems, would be dangerous. To that end, Edwards talked up Livingston. Perhaps the key moment in the 1987 race came at a forum between the candidates. As usual, the main topic of discussion was Edwin Edwards. His challengers were asked, in succession, if they would consider endorsing Edwards in the general election if they did not make it to the runoff. The candidates hedged, particularly Secretary of State Brown, a reliable Edwards supporter in the state Senate who in his 1979 election drew many of the same voters who supported fellow Democrat Louis Lambert in his failed gubernatorial bid in the same general election vs. Treen. The last candidate to speak was Buddy Roemer: "No, we've got to slay the dragon. I would endorse anyone but Edwards." The next day, as political commentator John Maginnis put it, Jim Brown was explaining his statement while Buddy Roemer was ordering "Slay the Dragon" buttons. Boosted by his endorsement as the 'good government candidate' by nearly every newspaper in the state, Roemer stormed from last place in the polls and on election night, overtook Edwin Edwards and placed first in the primary election, with 33 percent of the vote compared with Edwards' 28 percent. This marked the first time Edwin Edwards ever finished other than in first place in an election.

In what seemed to be the end of Edwards' political career, the governor withdrew from the contest in his concession speech, automatically electing Buddy Roemer governor. In fact, he was cleverly setting a trap for Roemer. By withdrawing, Edwards denied Roemer the opportunity to build a governing coalition in the general election race, and denied him the decisive majority victory that he surely would have attained. In one stroke, Edwards made Buddy Roemer a minority governor. Also, Edwards virtually ceded control of the state to Roemer even before his inauguration. By doing so, he passed on the burden of the state's problems to the new governor, who was essentially under the gun even before assuming office. For four years, Roemer struggled to be a reform governor of Louisiana as so many had before him. And although virtually no one realized it at the time, Edwin Edwards quietly waited in the wings for a return to power.

Second comeback: Edwards vs. Duke, 1991

As the 1991 governor's race drew near, many of Edwards' friends encouraged him to abandon his planned comeback, believing that he had no chance to win. After Edwards' loss in 1987, Lanny Keller, a journalist for the defunct Shreveport Journal wrote that the only way Edwin Edwards could ever be elected again was to run against Adolf Hitler. These words turned out to be shockingly prophetic, since after the 1991 primary Edwards discovered his runoff opponent to be former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, David Duke. Edwards received 34 percent of the vote while Duke received 32 percent. Governor Roemer placed third, 80,000 votes behind Duke.

The runoff between an avowed white supremacist and a former governor who was corrupt but was also perceived as minority-friendly, gained national attention. Support for Edwards grew in between the primary and the runoff. Louisiana Coalition against Racism and Nazism, an interest group, appeared on the landscape to challenge Duke, with its leadership including longtime Treen supporter Beth Rickey, a member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee from New Orleans. The coalition revealed through a recording of Duke at a White Nationalist conference that he was still involved in Ku Klux Klan activities.

Faced with the alternative of Duke, many who were otherwise lukewarm for Edwards found him looking ever better. Edwards found himself receiving endorsements from Treen and Roemer; even Republican President George H. W. Bush urged that Edwards, the Democrat, be elected over Duke. A popular bumper sticker urging support for Edwards (although clearly not produced by his campaign) read "Vote For the Crook. It's Important." Another read "Vote for the Lizard, not the Wizard." Edwards said that this would be his final term as governor and that he cared about leaving a good legacy, which made many hope that the corruption of his previous administrations would not be repeated. Edwards won by a wide margin. Continuing his artful use of humor to deflate an opponent, and referring to his considerable reputation as a ladies' man, Edwards said of Duke that "the only thing we have in common is that we both have been wizards beneath the sheets." He also feigned concern for Duke's health due to smoke inhalation "because he's around so many burning crosses" and when a reporter asked Edwards what he needed to do to triumph over Duke, Edwards replied "stay alive". On election day, Edwards defeated Duke in a landslide, 61 to 39 percent, a margin of nearly 400,000 votes.

Fourth term as governor, 1992–1996
In his last term, Edwards asked his boyhood friend, Raymond Laborde, to leave the state House after twenty years to serve as commissioner of administration. Laborde, who had once defeated Edwards for class president at Marksville High School and had earlier been his legislative floor leader, agreed to join the administration. He invited former state Representative Kevin P. Reilly Sr., of Baton Rouge, former CEO of Lamar Advertising Company to serve as secretary of economic development. Reilly had been removed in 1986 as chairman of the Louisiana House Appropriations Committee after having criticized Edwards.

In 1992, Edwards appointed the professional penologist, Richard Stalder, as secretary of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections, a position that used to be given to political supporters. Stalder remained secretary until 2008, serving during three subsequent gubernatorial terms in the position.

During his previous term as governor, Edwards promoted casino gambling in Louisiana, which had been a major part of his platform in the 1991 campaign. In June 1992, his heavy lobbying led the state legislature to pass a bill calling for a single large land-based casino in New Orleans. He also appointed a board that, at his private direction, awarded 15 floating riverboat casinos that had been authorized by the Legislature and the Roemer administration. He appointed a political ally, Paul Fontenot, to head the State Police; he would oversee the licensing and investigation of casino operators. On another front he again demonstrated his broad commitment to civil rights by becoming the first Southern governor to issue an executive order protecting lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons from discrimination in state governmental services, employment, and contracts.

Despite the discovery that some licensees had links to organized crime or other unsavory ties, Edwards blocked the revocation of their licenses. But a political backlash against gambling-related corruption began. Though he had originally planned to run for re-election in 1995, he announced in June 1994, shortly after marrying his second wife Candy Picou, that he would be retiring from politics at the end of his term. Edwards was succeeded as governor by State Senator Murphy J. Foster Jr., who ran as an opponent of gambling interests. Edwards retired to a newly purchased home in Baton Rouge, intent on returning to a private law practice and living out his remaining days in contentment with his young wife, Candy (born 1964).

Indictment and conviction
Former Congressman Cleo Fields achieved considerable notoriety in 1997 when an FBI surveillance videotape showed him accepting a large amount of cash (about $20,000) from Edwards and stuffing it in his pockets. At the time Fields stated that the incident was just an innocent business transaction between friends, and said there was a humorous explanation, which he would make public shortly thereafter. A cloud hung over Fields as an unindicted co-conspirator in Edwards' criminal trial and in the end Fields refused to deliver the promised "humorous" explanation, stating that at the time of the cash transfer, he was not an elected official, and therefore under no obligation to explain publicly.

After being fingered by Texas for-profit prison entrepreneur Patrick Graham, who allegedly gave him $845,000 in conjunction with a scheme to locate a private juvenile prison in Jena in La Salle Parish, Edwards was indicted in 1998 by the federal government with the prosecution led by U.S. Attorney Eddie Jordan. The prosecution soon released transcripts of audio conversations, and excerpts of video surveillance that seemed to indicate dubious financial transactions. The Edwards investigation also resulted in the conviction of San Francisco 49ers owner Edward J. DeBartolo Jr., who admitted to paying Edwards a $400,000 bribe (DeBartolo was convicted for not reporting the extortion) in exchange for Edwards's assistance in securing a riverboat casino license.

Edwards was found guilty on seventeen of twenty-six counts, including racketeering, extortion, money laundering, mail fraud, and wire fraud; his son Stephen was convicted on 18 counts. "I did not do anything wrong as a governor, even if you accept the verdict as it is, it doesn't indicate that", Edwards told the press after his conviction. On his way to prison he said, "I will be a model prisoner, as I have been a model citizen". From 2002 to 2004 Edwin Edwards was incarcerated at the Federal Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas.

Edwards' sometime co-conspirator, Cecil Brown, a Eunice cattleman, was convicted for his part in the payoffs in 2002.

In 2004, Edwards filed for divorce from his second wife Candy, saying that Mrs. Edwards had "suffered enough" during his incarceration. In June 2005, the former Mrs. Edwards was arrested for threatening a police officer at a traffic stop in Port Barre, screaming "don't you know who I am?"

In 2005, Edwards was moved to the Federal Correctional Institution in Oakdale in Allen Parish, where he served his sentence as inmate #03128-095. According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons, he was scheduled to be released on July 6, 2011. In prison, he served as the facility's librarian: "I did what I could for my fellow inmates. I helped a number of them get their GEDs and I was helping several more when my term expired. Now, I have to be honest; I didn't stick around to see if they succeeded..."

Two men whom Edwards defeated in Louisiana elections—David C. Treen and J. Bennett Johnston Jr.—and a third who was his protégé and successor in the Seventh District U.S. House seat, U.S. Senator John Breaux, confirmed in July 2007 that they intended to approach then U.S. President George W. Bush to seek a pardon or commutation for Edwards, who celebrated his 80th birthday in prison in August 2007. Bush denied a pardon for Edwards before he left the presidency on January 20, 2009.

Edwards supporters also lobbied U.S. President Barack Obama for a pardon for Edwards so he might run in the 2011 Louisiana gubernatorial election. Obama did not reply to petitions by supporters of Edwards and lacking a pardon, Edwards remained ineligible to seek the governorship of Louisiana until the end of his life and would have only been eligible to run after fifteen years would have passed from the end of his sentence.

In 2009, Edwards was listed as an "honorary pallbearer" at the funeral of perennial political candidate L. D. Knox of Winnsboro, who in the 1979 gubernatorial contest, when Edwards was not on the ballot, legally changed his name to "None of the Above" Knox to dramatize his support for the "None of the Above" option in elections.

On January 13, 2011, Edwards was released from prison and served the remainder of his sentence at a halfway house. His sentence ended on July 6, 2011 and he began three years of probation. He entered into home confinement at his daughter's Denham Springs, Louisiana home through the supervision of a halfway house, on January 13, 2011. Following that, Edwards was placed on probation. On February 7, 2013, Edwards was granted early release from probation due to good behavior.  His wife Trina made the announcement on her Facebook page.

In a poll taken in October 2011, months after he had been released from prison, 30 percent of respondents named Edwards the state's best governor since 1980.

2014 Congressional election
In February 2014, Edwards announced that he was contemplating running in the 2014 election to represent the Louisiana's 6th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives, which is centered on the state capital of Baton Rouge. With U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy exiting the seat to run for the Senate, Edwards said of the solidly Republican district: "I'm the only hope the Democrats have here." He formally declared his candidacy at a March 17 meeting of the Press Club of Baton Rouge, saying, "I want you to know, I'm going to give it every effort." If no candidate wins a majority of the vote, a runoff would be held on December 6, 2014, between the top two candidates. Two other Democrats, a Libertarian and nine Republicans, most notably Garret Graves, a former aide to Governor Bobby Jindal, State Senator Dan Claitor, businessman Paul Dietzel, II, and State Representative Lenar Whitney, also sought the seat.

After Edwards' announcement, Cassidy told KEEL radio news in Shreveport that he doubted that Edwards "has a chance. It's a conservative district, and he's obviously not a conservative. But it kind of shows, I think, to a certain extent that the Democratic bench is weak." Louisiana political writer John Maginnis said that Edwards was "likely to make the runoff" because of his name recognition, but "I don't see how he could win in a strong GOP-performance district like the 6th. But it should be entertaining." State pollster Elliott Stonecipher said that "the most basic math of the Edwards race yields an 'it is not impossible' answer" and former Governor Buddy Roemer said that while it is unlikely, "yes, [Edwards] can win".

An April 2014 article in Politico that discussed his chances noted that he was "still sharp as a razor" and "in remarkably vigorous health". He pronounced himself "disappointed" with President Obama for "sitting" on the Keystone Pipeline and  listed his campaign priorities as "Building support for a high-speed rail system between Baton Rouge and New Orleans and emphasizing the good aspects of Obamacare, while doing what I can to change or amend the provisions that I think are onerous." He said that he would have voted against the Affordable Care Act, but criticized Governor Jindal for not accepting the Medicaid expansion. If elected, he hoped to serve on the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, to spur the construction of elevated roadways in the state.

A September 2014 survey of statewide Louisiana voters by Public Policy Polling found that 40% had a favourable opinion of Edwards, 44% did not and 17% were unsure. Asked whether they would rather have Edwards as governor than incumbent Republican governor Bobby Jindal, 47% said they would prefer Edwards, 43% preferred Jindal and 10% were not sure.

Edwards finished first in every poll taken of the race, though only with a plurality. Runoff polls showed him losing to all of his Republican opponents. An article in The Times-Picayune in late October 2014 noted that he had run a vigorous, serious campaign and noted that, as previously, analysts were split on whether he could actually win. David Wasserman of The Cook Political Report said that for Edwards, "mathematically, victory is something close to impossibility." Conversely, a spokesman for Republican opponent Lenar Whitney and political analyst Michael Beychok both said that he had a chance to win and Republican candidate Garret Graves said "There's no one alive anymore in this state that has the experience or, quite frankly, the tactics (of) Edwin Edwards." Edwards was expected to make the runoff, with his chances dependent on which Republican joins him, with several analysts saying that Edwards' best chance would come if Whitney, the most conservative Republican running, does so. Edwards' strategy was to appeal to black and Cajun voters and conservative Democrats, also campaigning on college campuses to appeal to younger voters. Columnist Bob Mann predicted that if Edwards made the runoff, the media would decry Louisiana voters' toleration for corruption when, "in truth (Edwards) never really had a chance to win."

As expected, Edwards as the principal Democratic candidate led the 2014 primary field for Congress with 77,862 votes (30.1 percent), winning every parish in the district. He then faced the Republican runner-up, Garret Graves, in the December 6 runoff election. Graves had received 70,706 "jungle primary" votes (27.4 percent). Losing Republican candidates were Paul Dietzel II, with 35,013 votes (13.6 percent), state Senator Dan Claitor with 26,520 (10.3 percent), and state Representative Lenar Whitney with 19,146 votes (7.4 percent). Edwards lost to Graves by a 62–38 percent margin in the runoff. It was only the second loss of his political career.

Edwards' record of longevity
Edwards has the seventh longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 5,784 days. Few governors have served four four-year terms. Edwards followed George Wallace of Alabama, Jim Hunt of North Carolina, Bill Janklow of South Dakota, Terry Branstad of Iowa, Lewis Cass of Michigan, and Jim Rhodes of Ohio as 16-year governors. However, Branstad was elected to a fifth nonconsecutive term as governor of Iowa in 2010, placing him second to George Clinton of New York (21 years) as the longest-serving governor in U.S. history, and won a sixth term as governor in 2014. In December 2015 Branstad surpassed New York's George Clinton as the longest-tenured governor in American history, with 8,169 days in office.

Veteran journalist Iris Kelso once described Edwards as clearly "the most interesting" of the six governors that she had covered while working for three newspapers and WDSU, the NBC television affiliate in New Orleans. Kelso declared Edwards more colorful than Earl Long, whom she covered for less than a year in the office.

Personal life

Marriages and family
In 1949, Edwards married Elaine Schwartzenburg, whom he had met at Marksville High School. The couple had four children.  In 1972, Edwards appointed her as an interim U.S. senator to complete the unfinished term of Allen J. Ellender of Houma, who died while campaigning for his seventh term in office. On July 1, 1989, the couple divorced after forty years of marriage. They had begun living apart on March 15, 1989.

In 1994, Edwards married Candy Picou (born 1964). In 1997, the couple entered the headlines when they attempted to have a child. Edwards had a vasectomy reversal, and the couple froze sperm to attempt to have a baby but were not successful.

In July 2011, Edwards married Trina Grimes, his prison pen pal. They began corresponding while he was serving his sentence for corruption. At the time of the wedding, he was 83, and she was 32. On August 1, 2013, Grimes gave birth to their child. In 2013, Edwards and Trina co-starred in an A&E reality show, The Governor's Wife based on their life together.

Extended family
One of Edwards's brothers, Nolan Edwards, a former assistant district attorney in Acadia Parish, was murdered in Crowley by an irate client in 1983, the same year that Edwards was engineering his comeback bid for a third term as governor. Nolan's killer, Rodney Wingate Jr., of Church Point, Louisiana, then killed himself. Wingate had been pardoned by Governor Edwards in 1980 for two drug convictions in the 1970s, a pardon procured through the intervention of Nolan Edwards. Nolan's murder halted the 1983 politicking. Newspapers carried a photograph of brothers Edwin and Marion locked in an embrace on an airport tarmac.

Marion Edwards, an insurance agent and political consultant, was a cancer survivor and counseled other patients for many years. Born on July 10, 1928, in Marksville, he died on January 12, 2013, at the age of eighty-four at his home in Broussard near Lafayette, Louisiana. The cause of death was not released. The Marion D. Edwards Fellowship in Hepatic Oncology at the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas, is named in his honor. Marion Edwards, who was Nazarene, was survived by his second wife, the former Deborah "Penny" Meaux, and three daughters from his first marriage to Aline Luther Edwards: Wanda Edwards, Elizabeth Kersten, and Donna Edwards.

Another brother, Allen Edwards, the longtime owner of a farm and heavy equipment company in Quitman in northern Arkansas, died in 2009, while Edwards was in prison. Edwards did not attend the funeral because of security difficulties.

Edwards was an uncle by marriage to former U.S. Representative Charles Boustany, a Republican from Lafayette, whose district includes much of the territory represented from 1965 to 1972 by then-U.S. Representative Edwin Edwards. Boustany's wife is the former Bridget Edwards, a daughter of Nolan Edwards.

Third wife and reality television show
On July 29, 2011, Edwards married Trina Grimes Scott (born August 1978) from Baton Rouge, at the Monteleone Hotel in New Orleans. Edwards' one-time prison pen pal, she was fifty-one years his junior and was born midway in his second term as governor. She is a Republican.

Edwin and Trina Edwards were the subjects of the reality show The Governor's Wife, which premiered October 27, 2013, on the Arts & Entertainment Network. The program focused on Trina's rearing of teenaged sons and acting as stepmother to Edwards' daughters who are almost twice her age. According to the A&E description of the program: "Between school projects, running for president of the Homeowner's Association, fending off skeptics who think she's a gold digger, and thoughts of adding a baby of their own to the mix, the Edwards clan truly represents a new take on the modern family." The couple announced February 15, 2013 that Trina was pregnant. Trina gave birth to their son on August 1, 2013.

Health and death
In 2015, Edwards was hospitalized for pneumonia. On December 13, 2016, Edwards was hospitalized under stable condition again for pneumonia in Baton Rouge.

Edwards was rushed to the hospital again by ambulance in November 2020, with shortness of breath. Edwards returned to his home in Gonzales after spending two nights at Our Lady of the Lake Medical Center in Baton Rouge.  It was reported that he had a common head cold and he reportedly tested negative for both COVID-19 and pneumonia, as well as the flu. His wife told the media that he was resting well and "giving orders" once he got home.

Edwards was sent to hospice care for pain in his lungs in Gonzales, Louisiana on July 6, 2021. He died six days later on July 12, 26 days short of his 94th birthday. The cause of death was respiratory complications. At the time of his death, Edwards had outlived four of his successors: Dave Treen, Buddy Roemer, Mike Foster, and Kathleen Blanco.

References

Bibliography

 State of Louisiana – Biography
 Boulard, Garry, "Edwin Edwards: Reflections on a Life", Times of Acadiana, August 15, 2001.
 Bridges, Tyler. Bad Bet on the Bayou: The Rise of Gambling in Louisiana and the Fall of Governor Edwin Edwards. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2001.
 Dawson, Joseph G. The Louisiana Governors: From Iberville to Edwards. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1990.
 Honeycutt, Leo.  Edwin Edwards, Governor of Louisiana, An Authorized Biography by Leo Honeycutt.  Lisburn Press, 2009.
 Lemann, Nancy. Ritz of the Bayou. Knopf, 1987.
 Maginnis, John. The Last Hayride. Baton Rouge: Gris Gris Press, 1984.
 Maginnis, John. Cross to Bear. Baton Rouge: Darkhorse Press, 1992.
 Reeves, Miriam G. The Governors of Louisiana. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, 1998.

External links

Edwards' greatest quotes
New York magazine profile
Larry King interview

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1927 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American members of the Church of the Nazarene
American money launderers
American people of French descent
American prisoners and detainees
Cajun people
Candidates in the 2014 United States elections
Catholics from Louisiana
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana
Democratic Party governors of Louisiana
Louisiana State University Law Center alumni
Louisiana city council members
Louisiana lawyers
Louisiana politicians convicted of crimes
Democratic Party Louisiana state senators
Marksville High School alumni
Military personnel from Louisiana
People from Ascension Parish, Louisiana
People from Crowley, Louisiana
People from Marksville, Louisiana
Politicians convicted of extortion under color of official right
Politicians convicted of mail and wire fraud
Politicians convicted of racketeering
Politicians from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy personnel of World War II


Secretary of State Mike Pompeo ordered the closure of a diplomatic mission in Iraq, following rocket launches that he blamed on Iran.
"I have advised the Government of Iran that the United States will hold Iran directly responsible for any harm to Americans or to our diplomatic facilities in Iraq or elsewhere and whether perpetrated by Iranian forces directly or by associated proxy militias," Pompeo said Friday afternoon.
That statement came on the heels of an announcement that he had ordered the closure of the U.S. Consulate in Basra, a city in southern Iraq. The "temporary relocation" is taking place just weeks after after an Iranian facility in the same city was set ablaze by protesters angry about Iranian influence in the country. Iran-backed forces alleged that the U.S. had orchestrated the incident, raising concerns of an analogous assault on American diplomats.


I read with great interest your recent look at American Indian education ("Education in Indian Country: Obstacles and Opportunity," Dec. 4, 2013).
The organization where I work, the Consortium on Reaching Excellence in Education, or CORE, knows firsthand the issues involved in Indian education because we provide ongoing technical assistance to the schools on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota.
The expectations are high for these schools, and the many leaders involved want desperately to transform the quality of education in them. However, the bureaucratic funding structures often hamper rather than support improvement. Many schools have limited direct access to their funds, and the time it takes to get funds released results in long delays of support.
For the Pine Ridge schools, weather is a decided factor. Even recently, our consultants could not get to the sites to provide assistance because school was closed for snow. This problem results in a loss of learning time for students and educators.
Teachers and leaders need extensive assistance and coaching, yet they do not receive it. When new materials come to them, the preparation given to teachers is limited at best; we know this directly from our work at these schools. This would not be the case at many of the nation's more affluent sites, where teachers receive many days of coaching support and training when they implement new programs.
What makes this situation even sadder is that the teachers and administrators want this assistance, but funding and/or specific grant expectations beyond instruction may limit a school's ability to get what it needs.
We work with the division of performance and accountability within the federal Bureau of Indian Education, the BIE's associate directors, and tribal and building leadership guiding these schools. They are amazing and dedicated individuals who deserve more.
Action, not just intent, is what is needed. Unless these schools—teachers and administrators alike—get intensive and sustained support, the likelihood that academic achievement will improve is illusory.


text:
Apple Dethrones Samsung to Become the Leading Global Smartphone Manufacturer in Q4 of 2021
Airtel Makes Strong Comeback in Nov 2021, Vi Lost 1.8 Million Users: TRAI
Noise Combat Wireless Neckband-Style Earphones Launched in India at Rs 1499
TRAI and TV Broadcasters' Conflict Evolves over OTT Platforms
Indian Villages Across Borders Likely to Get Satellite-Based Communication Services Soon
Motorola Might Bring Two New Devices to India in Q1 2022
Reported by Tanay Singh Thakur December 7th, 2021 at 10:31 am 0
There is a real possibility that Moto Edge X30 might come to India. The device is all set to launch in the China market on December 9, 2021. However, it might not come to India with the same name. This could be the first smartphone to come from Motorola in India in 2022. Motorola is also going to be launching the Moto G51 in India later this week on December 10, 2021.
Motorola is going to be launching the Moto G51 in India later this week on December 10, 2021.
Motorola, a popular smartphone maker is reportedly planning to expand its product portfolio early in 2022.
Motorola might be planning to bring two new smartphones to India soon.
Motorola, a popular smartphone maker, is reportedly planning to expand its product portfolio early in 2022. The company has been playing with a range of smartphones in all categories, including high-end flagships, budget, and mid-range. There are reports saying that Motorola is going to be one of the first companies in the world to launch a smartphone with Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 1.
A Mobile91 report suggests that Motorola might be planning to bring two new smartphones to India soon. The company might launch two new devices in the first quarter of 2022. What's worth noting here is that one of those devices might be powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 1. This might mean that Motorola will also be one of the earliest to introduce the Indian market with the latest flagship Snapdragon chipset from Qualcomm.
Moto Edge X30 Might Come to India
There is a real possibility that Moto Edge X30 might come to India. The device is all set to launch in the China market on December 9, 2021. However, it might not come to India with the same name. This could be the first smartphone to come from Motorola in India in 2022.
The second smartphone could be the Moto G71. The publication's report said that it could also be the Moto G200 or Moto G41. Note that neither the Moto G200 nor the Moto G41 have launched officially yet. Both the devices are expected to be launched in China first then make it to other markets.
Motorola is also going to be launching the Moto G51 in India later this week, on December 10, 2021. The Moto Edge X30 is expected to be a flagships smartphone with a 6.67-inch FHD+ OLED panel display with support for 144Hz refresh rate. The smartphone might come packed with up to 16GB of RAM and 512GB of internal storage in the China market.
Vodafone Idea Stock Jumping for the Last Few Days, But Why
Vodafone Idea Partners With Tanla to Grow Enterprise Business
Samsung Galaxy A53 5G Spotted at 3C Certification Site with Upsetting Charging Support
Ramesh :
Quality of service in airtel is good so they gained customer
Airtel Makes Strong Comeback in Nov 2021, Vi Lost 1.8…
saket :
how does rcom still in service? as its license got expired in many circles.
Mudassar :
Be it wiredline or wireless . Jio almost added double subs as compared to airtel. Still airtel sponsored article of…
for corruption
Vodafone Idea Giving Major Equity to Govt Makes It Appear…
as trend continues, VI lost 18lakh in novemeber jio gain 20lakh asper trai data as on 30th nov

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We always have many choices regarding metal wall art for your interior, such as horses metal wall art. Make sure that when you are searching for where to purchase metal wall art over the internet, you find the right alternatives, how the way must you decide on an ideal metal wall art for your home? Here are a few galleries that will help: get as many options as you possibly can before you buy, pick a palette that will not express inconsistency with your wall and ensure that everyone really enjoy it to pieces.
In between the preferred art items that can be appropriate for your interior are horses metal wall art, posters, or art paints. Additionally, there are wall statues and bas-relief, which might seem more like 3D artworks when compared with sculptures. Also, when you have a favorite artist, possibly he or she has a website and you are able to always check and purchase their artworks throught online. You will find actually artists that promote digital copies of the products and you available to just have printed.
Consider these specified collection of metal wall art meant for wall designs, posters, and more to obtain the perfect improvement to your home. As we know that metal wall art ranges in size, shape, frame type, value, and model, so you can discover horses metal wall art which match your space and your own personal sense of style. You'll discover everything from contemporary wall artwork to traditional wall artwork, so you can be assured that there surely is something you'll enjoy and right for your decoration.
Do not be excessively quick when acquiring metal wall art and check out numerous stores or galleries as you can. The probability is you will discover more suitable and wonderful pieces than that selection you got at that first store or gallery you went to. Furthermore, don't restrict yourself. Any time you can find only a number of galleries or stores around the city wherever your home is, you could start to try exploring over the internet. You will find loads of online artwork galleries with a huge selection of horses metal wall art you can select from.
Are you currently been trying to find approaches to enhance your space? Wall art stands out as an ideal option for little or huge spaces equally, giving any room a completed and polished visual appeal in minutes. If you need inspiration for designing your walls with horses metal wall art before you buy, you can read our handy inspirational or guide on metal wall art here.
If you're ready come up with your horses metal wall art also understand specifically what you are looking, you may search through these different range of metal wall art to get the excellent part for your home. When you will need living room wall art, dining room wall art, or any space between, we have received things you need to convert your space right into a amazingly decorated space. The contemporary art, classic artwork, or reproductions of the classics you love are only a press away.
Whatever room or interior you have been decorating, the horses metal wall art has advantages that'll accommodate your preferences. Have a look at a variety of images to develop into prints or posters, offering common themes just like landscapes, panoramas, food, culinary, animal, wildlife, and abstract compositions. By adding groups of metal wall art in numerous shapes and dimensions, as well as other wall art and decor, we added curiosity and character to the room.
There are a number possibilities regarding horses metal wall art you will find here. Every single metal wall art has a special style and characteristics which take artwork fans into the variety. Wall decor for example wall art, wall painting, and wall mirrors - can easily jazz up even bring life to an interior. All these make for good family room, workspace, or bedroom artwork parts!
Do not buy metal wall art because some artist or friend told you it happens to be great. Remember, great beauty can be subjective. Whatever may possibly look and feel pretty to your friend may certainly not something that you like. The better requirement you can use in opting for horses metal wall art is whether considering it allows you are feeling comfortable or thrilled, or not. When it doesn't hit your senses, then perhaps it be preferable you check at other alternative of metal wall art. All things considered, it is going to be for your home, perhaps not theirs, so it's great you get and select a thing that attracts you.
In case you discover the items of metal wall art you love which could fit beautifully together with your interior, whether it's coming from a famous artwork shop/store or poster, never allow your pleasure get the higher of you and hang the item as soon as it arrives. That you do not wish to end up with a wall saturated in holes. Make plan first where it would place.
One other point you may have to note in getting metal wall art is actually that it must not clash along with your wall or on the whole room decor. Understand that that you are obtaining these artwork pieces in order to boost the visual appeal of your room, not cause damage on it. You possibly can select anything that will possess some distinction but don't select one that's extremely at chances with the wall.
Nothing changes a room such as for instance a lovely piece of horses metal wall art. A carefully selected poster or print can lift your surroundings and convert the impression of an interior. But how will you get the suitable product? The metal wall art will be as exclusive as the people preference. This means there are uncomplicated and quickly principles to getting metal wall art for the home, it just must be anything you love.


Special discount on Custom Tshirts.
Receive Special discount on Custom Tshirts. Yourdesign quality Apparel, Free shipping.
Find on protection plan for buyers, a secure return and refund policy, shipment tracking and express delivery services.
Find on protection plan for buyers, a secure return and refund policy, shipment tracking and express delivery services. It is committed to an easy and safe buying experience for consumers and businesses who are buying products from anywhere in the world.
Find mainly supply consumer electronics, such as smartphones or tablet pcs.
Save RM 15 off with Minimum spend: RM200 Coupon Valid till 11th November 2019.
FREE Bitfender Internet Security 1U1Y at TMT Malaysia!
FREE Bitfender internet security worth RM58 when you purchase Intel processor 2 in 1 notebook! Terms and conditions apply!
35% off on Apple watch Sport bands.
Get 35% off on Apple watch Sport bands. Coupon Valid till 17th May 2019.
Save Up To 33% On OTG Flash Drives Shop online the best OTG Flash Drives in Malaysia with the unforgettable discount of up to 33%. OTG Flash Drives works as a mediator to transfer the data from two or more than devices.
Save on electronic, fashion, and other branded products and low price at the touch of your fingers. Zapals is your online shopping powerhouse.
Up To 50% OFF Home Improvement Products Home Improvement - Browse now the perfect Home Improvement items with the amazing discount of up to 50%. Just at TinyDeal online exclusives.
The Largest Computer Retail Outlet in Malaysia, we aim to Fulfilling All Your IT Needs offering a wide range of computer products both in-store and online.
Save on on mobile internet company dedicated to creating an all aspect user experience.
Find on mobile internet company dedicated to creating an all aspect user experience.
Find cameras and camcorders to printers, all-in-ones, business multi-function devices and much more.
Save Canon Malaysia, products for personal or business use from cameras and camcorders to printers, all-in-ones, business multi-function devices and much more.
powerful as iOS or newer Android versions, it is smooth and the customisation is fun. I enjoy HTC Boom Sound and so far, the phone has no glitches. It's an all-rounder that might not compete with other flag phones but still-for the pricr offered is nice.
Find businesses throughout the world realize their full potential. Know about Microsoft devices and services.
At Microsoft our mission and values are to help people and businesses throughout the world realize their full potential. Know about Microsoft devices and services.
Find product range includes laptop and desktop PCs, tablets, smartphones, monitors, projectors and cloud solutions for home users, business.


Introducing the 2019 Kia Optima. This 4 door, 5 passenger sedan will allow you to take command of the road with confidence! It features an automatic transmission, front-wheel drive, and a 2.4 liter 4 cylinder engine. Kia prioritized practicality, efficiency, and style by including: 1-touch window functionality, a tachometer, a blind spot monitoring system, heated door mirrors, lane departure warning, power windows, and air conditioning. Audio features include an AM/FM radio, steering wheel mounted audio controls, and 6 speakers, enhancing the audio experience throughout the interior. Kia also prioritized safety and security by including: dual front impact airbags, head curtain airbags, traction control, brake assist, anti-whiplash front head restraints, a security system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. This car was designed with safety in mind, allowing you to drive with even greater assurance. Our aim is to provide our customers with the best prices and service at all times. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.


The first time I smoked pot, it didn't work. That's what I told my friend in the parking lot, as he flicked the roach and we turned back toward our college dorm in upstate New York. He wandered off, and then it hit me. Next thing I knew, I was doubled over, gripped by a long gale of silent, racking laughter. It was as if I suddenly got the joke I'd been missing my whole life. I was in love.
I found my first dealer a few months later, a line cook at the fish and chips restaurant in Halifax where I had a summer job washing dishes. He always gave me my weed pre-rolled into joints and neatly packed into old cassette cases. In the evenings, I'd slip out of my parents' condo and stroll with exaggerated nonchalance to a nearby lake. There, I'd savour the spliffs until they singed my lips, until my body went from hard spaghetti to cooked noodles, until my skin buzzed with anxious pleasure at the encroaching world around me.
That fall I transferred to Concordia University in Montreal, where my marijuana resources improved dramatically. I met a bike courier who sold me weed by the ounce, half of which I'd sell to a small circle of friends to offset the cost. I developed my preferred technique for rolling: the bud scissored into little green peppercorns, a fingernail's length of tobacco twisted from the tip of a cigarette, and finally a light dusting of hash, sprinkled like a seasoning on top. Over the next three years, pot became less of an exquisite diversion and more of a familiar texture, a wink from reality. I turned to shrooms and acid for that overwhelming otherworldly sensation; weed was my daily companion, like a wild dog with a crazy grin that travelled with me in my mind.
The end of my undergrad was an unexpected precipice. While some of my friends looped back into academe for more degrees, and others were ready to launch their careers, I fell into an abyss of uncertainty. In the years that followed, I bounced around between random jobs: security guard, oil-patch roughneck, stained-glass apprentice, personal support worker, even church secretary.
As pot became more necessary, life without it became less interesting. I was avoiding real challenges, like pursuing my ambition to be a writer, or getting into a long-term relationship. I moved to Toronto in 2009, and for the next few years, I could hardly do anything without sneaking off for a toke first. With marijuana, it was as though I had a special helmet with a visor that showed me the world exactly as I wanted to see it: at a slight remove and not quite real, like a show that played just for me. Even when I didn't smoke, the screen was still there.
To make matters worse, the filter changed. Whereas pot had once exposed the charming absurdity of physical existence, it suddenly revealed the pointlessness of life. When I went out with friends, I was at a loss, sitting in awkward silence. My nagging thoughts turned into full-blown obsessions; normal interpersonal conflicts became drawn-out imaginary battles. From the back of my mind I conjured a mantra: "You're already dead," I said to myself, over and over again.
In 2012, I found a therapist. At our first meeting she asked me how often I used drugs. "There isn't a thing in life that I can't and won't do high," I told her, proudly. She said there was no point in working together if I was self-medicating to that extent. To proceed, I had to stop. I was surprised, but I agreed to her terms. Two weeks later, on a Monday at 6 a.m., sitting on the grass in Bellevue Square Park in Kensington Market, I smoked my last joint. Then I blew off work, spent the day in bed, and that evening I joined a 12-step addiction recovery program.
Sitting down in a circle of addicts, listening to them talk plainly about their feelings, I felt like I'd come home. I started going to meetings in a church basement every day. I directed all my contorted thoughts toward the floors and ceilings, while this cohort of intimate strangers listened patiently to one another and waited their turn. I realized I'd been using weed to hide, and it was good to let myself out, even if I felt like a freak.
In the beginning I was ashamed, because the notion of a pot addict seemed so unlikely. I felt like a charlatan among the real addicts. But I soon discovered that those meetings were full of potheads—often slightly embarrassed and secretive, just like me. Since then, I've called myself an addict so many times, it has become as natural as saying my name.
After six months of recovery, a friend gave me a job writing for a website. That gig didn't last long, but it led to another one, and one after that, and more things I wanted to do that I couldn't have done stoned. I miss getting high, but I've found something better: I've replaced the comfort of weed with the company of other addicts. A community of former junkies, crackheads, pill poppers, alcoholics and even pot smokers has become my tribe. They've helped me realize that unfiltered reality is bigger and stranger than the version I saw through my helmet.
Mark Mann is a writer in Montreal.


Unemployed drivers are deemed to be more. we compared an insurance price for HGV drivers, For this article Be Wiser Insurance ran a series of quotations in.
We offer HGV, truck and lorry insurance for vehicles over 3.5t, giving you the. Cover for any unnamed driver over 25; Flexibility of adding up to two named.
Read about how having cancer might affect your driving licence and car insuracne. You might need to contact the DVLA and your insurance company. Bus, coach or lorry licence holders who have cancer must tell the DVLA using form.
Driver documents required for international road. on Vehicle documents required for international road haulage. Insurance and medical documents for drivers.
Enabling you to combine personal driver and company no claims bonuses, while. Warning, you may experience cheaper HGV insurance quotes online if you.
Jobs 1 – 10 of 1015. Apply to HGV jobs now hiring in Rushden on Indeed.co.uk, the world's largest. We are looking for a full time driver to join our forever growing team. We aim to remain the number one provider of motorcycle insurance by.
Apply for a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) to have its first annual test (MOT) after it's been imported or manufactured.
We are now pleased to to offer LGV Driver Training Insurance including B + E, Bus & Mini Bus, Medium & LGV throughout the United Kingdom.
In particular, a conviction for driving without insurance, even if it is an administrative oversight, carries a minimum penalty of six points so your licence is revoked. If your licence is revoked in.
If you drive a HGV you will need valid HGV insurance, one prerequisite to this type of cover is that the driver must first hold a professional driving qualification.
Feb 2, 2016. Stuart Cooke of BMG Insurance looks at issues affecting lorry drivers.
Fleet truck insurance for customers and operators of five or more vehicles. Health and safety services; Subsidised driver training; Free telematics installation.
Jul 10, 2015. on the road), lorry drivers (ditto), barristers, dentists and journalists, although I'd. "Racking up multiple driving convictions can have a serious impact on. For more cheery news about insurance and driving convictions, visit.
Waveney Insurance Brokers provide specialist driving instructor insurance for HGV Trainers, LCV Trainers LGV Trainers and minibus and coach trainers. For a quote on.
Commercial HGV & Pickup Truck Insurance Quotes UK. Get a free quote for your truck insurance for Bolton, Birmingham, Buckingham, Chorley, London, manchester, Preston.
Would you like to know what a day in life of a HGV driver is like? Check out our blog to find out more.
Critical Illness Insurance for Lorry drivers will also generally be available at normal terms. Again, if you travel regularly outside of the UK it is possible that the.
Oct 25, 2017. We've put together an all you need to go guide on truck insurance to help. Most HGV drivers opt for the fully comprehensive, as it means they.
Apr 8, 2015. There is a question all lorry drivers need to ask themselves: 'Have I been involved in a road traffic accident while driving my LGV at work?'.
HGV Insurance refers to cover for 'heavy good vehicles' and we give discounts to. Vehicle information – make, model, age; Number of drivers and their.
An HGV driver, that was. HGV Ireland Online Magazine & Latest News Subscription. Wright Insurance Brokers attracts key influencers to Wexford.


Green building is undoubtedly becoming an international trend. A study by the World Green Building Trends showed that more than 51 of firms that had been interviewed were committed to incorporating 60 or more sustainability into their projects by the end of 2015. The report also listed the major reasons why firms were drawn to taking up sustainable solutions in their works. The top social reasons listed here were better health and improved productivity while energy savings were listed as the top environmental reason.
Efficient water usage, reduced greenhouse emissions and the conservation of natural resources were the second highest environmental considerations in various locations.
As green building continues to play a more critical role in construction, there has been significant growth in the development of new technologies that are increasing the momentum to green construction. Below are some these major technological developments that are contributing significantly to the growth of green constructions.
The volumes of materials used in constructions are massive and the integration of ecofriendly, recycled and biodegradable resources makes a huge difference. The use of green materials not only reduces pollution but also contributes to the conservation of natural resources that have been greatly depleted by construction. For example, the use of recycled steel can save a lot of trees where the steel is used in place of wood.
There has been an increase in the construction of zero/independent energy buildings which are exclusively powered by renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. In most cases the construction of zero/independent energy buildings are more expensive to put up but the long term benefits of the investment continue to be more attractive to developers. Solar panels, biofuel and wind turbines are the most popular options in zero energy buildings.
Water management technologies are being deployed to help reduce the already massive water consumption recorded in buildings. With the current water consumption in buildings standing at 15 trillion gallon annually, consumption is already too high and needs to come down as water sources are quickly becoming depleted. Managing water consumption, harvesting rain water, recycling water and sewage treatment on site are all measures that are being adopted to improve the management of water.
New energy efficient windows and smart glass solutions have continued to be developed for green constructions. These energy efficient windows help in reducing the energy consumption needs of a building through improved insulation and smart glass solutions that manage the levels of lighting in response to natural lighting that prevails. All of these help to reduce the power used to run buildings and makes them more sustainable and ecofriendly.
There are many benefits to be gained from embracing green constructions and businesses as well as the environment stand to enjoy significant gains when they take up these solutions. The ideas listed here are just a few of the many excellent options that developers have when it comes to the future of green constructions.


text:
Hill+Knowlton Strategies ist eine PR-Agentur mit Sitz in New York City, New York. Sie wurde 1927 in Cleveland (Ohio) von John W. Hill gegründet. Das Unternehmen unterhält 88 Büros in 49 Ländern. Das Unternehmen gehört zur WPP Group.

Die deutsche Niederlassung besteht seit 1963. Unternehmenssitz der Hill & Knowlton Communications GmbH ist Berlin-Charlottenburg. Weitere Büros existieren in Düsseldorf und Frankfurt am Main.

Seit dem Votum des Vereinigten Königreiches, die Europäische Union zu verlassen, unterhält die Agentur auch ein internationales Brexit Advice Team in Berlin, Brüssel, London und Wien.

Kampagnen

 Brutkastenlüge – gezielte Desinformation zum Irak-Krieg 1990 (Zweiter Golfkrieg)
 Tabak-Lobby – gezielte Desinformation. Es sei nicht erwiesen, dass Tabakrauchen ungesund ist.

Literatur
 Karen S. Miller: The Voice of Business. Hill & Knowlton and Postwar Public Relations. The University of North Carolina Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8078-2439-9.

Weblinks
 http://www.hkstrategies.com
 http://www.hkstrategies.de/de

Einzelnachweise

Gegründet 1927
PR-Agentur
Unternehmen (New York City)
Dienstleistungsunternehmen (Berlin)
Gegründet 1963
Berlin-Charlottenburg
WPP Group

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The + [singular noun] is + [adjective]. It is + [adjective].
The + [plural noun] are + [adjective]. They are + [adjective].
Example: The balls are small.
We use the Present Continuous for something that is happening now.
Rule 1: Most verbs, just add –ing.
Question: Do [I / we / you / they] want + [noun clause]?
Example: Do you want a warm jacket?
Do Jim and Jane want books?
Do we want cold water?
Do the children want toys?
Do you and your friends want milk and toast?
Use a lot of / a few with plurals nouns.
Example: There are a lot of chocolates in the box.
There are a few chocolates in the box.
There are a lot of children in the pool.
There are a lot of cups and glasses on the shelf.
There are a few magazines in the bookshop.
There are a few people at the market.
We use the Past Simple to talk about things that already happened.
[I / You / We / They / He / She / It] + past simple irregular verb.
Irregular verbs change their spelling when in the past tense.
We use the word what to ask about future plans.
What are + [you/ we / they] + going to do?
Example: What are you going to do?
What is + [he / she / it] + going to do?
Example: What is he going to do?
What am + [I] + going to do?
Example: What am I going to do?
Example: I need to do my homework.
You hope to watch a movie on Friday.
We plan to go on vacation.
Bingo wants to eat pizza.
When we use a pronoun as an object, we put the pronoun between the two-word verbs in most cases.
We use 'since' and 'because' to show a reason.
[Because / Since] + Jenny likes to help sick people, she wants to be a nurse.
[Because / Since] + Ted ate too much dessert, he got a stomachache.
We use 'although' and 'even though' to show contrast.
[Even though / Although] + Mary likes to help sick people, she doesn't want to be a nurse.
Because it is cold, Jenny is wearing a jacket.
Although it is cold, Ron is not wearing a jacket.


Sitting atop camels with knobby knees and yellow choppers, our group of young travelers trekked single file into Eastern Morocco's Sahara desert. The scene was very Lawrence of Arabia: camel caravans, white gossamer head scarves and a setting apricot sun casting shadow puppets onto nearby sand dunes.
This was day one of a two-day camel trek through Erg Chebbi, a giant dune near the scruffy little town of Merzouga. Boasting some of the largest sand dunes in all of Morocco, Erg Chebbi draws adventurous tourists looking for an alternative to the bustling souks of Marrakech.
After a few hours commute by camel-back, we arrived at camp. It wasn't much more than a few thin woven mats scattered in the sand but it felt good to be 'home.' A few hours on a camel and your inner thighs really start to hurt, so stretching out the legs felt like heaven. I myself plopped down on a leather ottoman and chugged back a glass of 'Berber Whiskey', a fancy name for what turned out to be simple (and delicious) steamed mint tea.
While waiting for dinner, I grabbed the sheep skin drum I'd purchased in Marrakech. Ali, our English speaking guide who answered "fantastic plastic" to just about everything, showed me some moves. As he demonstrated a few simple rhythms, I followed clumsily. My hands flopping around like goldfish out of water. Clearly, I needed some practice.
As his palms swept over the instrument, he hollered "Africa!" and the rest of us clapped to the tribal rhythm and danced around the candle-lit tables. "Africa!" we chimed in. This was a raging nightclub – desert style.
Our drumming circle was put on hold when a teenage boy emerged from the kitchen tent, carrying platters of steaming couscous, chicken tajine and vegetables. Lacking cutlery, we dug in with sandy fingers. It's amazing what a camel trek and a little drumming lesson will do to work up the appetite.
Post dinner, Ali proposed a pleasant stroll up one of the sand dunes. He slung my drum over his shoulder and led us up the giant hill.
Within minutes, my heart was pumping and I was feeling the burn. Bare feet sinking into the sand, I lagged behind the rest of the group. The wind started to howl. The sand twirled tornado style and shards of dirt stung my eyes. Our pleasant post-dinner stroll had turned into a mid-sandstorm death march.
The boy who served us dinner offered me his arm and asked, in French, if I was ok. Wheezing, heart pounding, skin tingling from the snarls of sand that whipped across my face, truly I wasn't sure if I was going to make it. I abandoned my pride and clung desperately to the tiny teen. We locked arms and he guided me along the edge of the dune.
The view from the top was worth all temporary suffering. It was a magical scene: a vast desert plain, tiny twinkling lights from the camp below and a bright full-moon overhead. Our group plunked down in the sand and took in the vista, stopping occasionally to make full-body sand angels and laugh about the treacherous journey we'd just survived. It was one of those peaceful perfect nights; calm, complete and connected with nature.
– Once in the desert, there's no electricity, no toilets, no refrigeration, no ATMs and thankfully no high-speed Internet, so prepare accordingly.
– Most tour groups provide breakfast and dinner– but snacks, alcohol (if you so choose) and water are often not included. Bring 1 to 2 liters of water per day per person. You are in the desert after all, so it's important to stay hydrated.
– Don't forget the sunglasses, hat, sunscreen, long-sleeved shirt, flashlight and sheep skin drum for early evening rock-out performances.
– As I learned the hard way, it can get chilly at night, so bring a sleeping bag or extra warm clothing when you're sleeping under the stars.


text:
Dr. Pepper's Bad Prescription For People - More Union Busting
The man who has his millions will want everything he can lay his hands on and then
raise his voice against the poor devil who wants ten cents more a day.
- Samuel Gompers
Dr. Pepper-Snapple owns Mott's Apple Juice among its 50 brands. (7-Up, Hawaiian Punch, Sunkist, Stewart's Root Beer, etc. Go to their site and click "Our Brands" to see the others)
Stop buying and drinking their products.
The company, which saw record profits of $550 million in 2009, is hammering union workers in its Rochester, NY, area apple juice plant, asking for give backs and pay cuts, and hiring scab workers in the depressed, job-hungry upstate region. The union is the Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union International (RWDSU, for short).
What is at issue here is whether people with 15 years experience who are making around $19 an hour in skilled jobs should give back $3 an hour to a corporate giant making more than a half billion dollar a year profit.
What is also at issue are livable wages for a dedicated, profit-producing group of UFCW workers with families, children, hopes and dreams. The mega-corporation wants to take back gains the workers have struggled for over decades, and throw them into the crocodile pit of cheap labor. Shamefully, the company has already begun replacing some of the workers who have been striking since May.
The $40,000 per year wage is a decent living for a Rochester area worker (the plant is located in Williamson, NY). But no one is getting rich on it and, if you calculate a working life of 25 years, you'll see that one can buy a modest house, 3 or 4 cars, take some non-luxury vacations but never save enough to send the kids to college. And probably a worker can go bankrupt in a flash if some unforeseen catastrophe should hit. So this is the kind of life that the barons who own Dr. Pepper-Snapple want for their workers - 16% less in pay and benefits, and no retirement fund.
The underlying issues concern corporate greed. Keep in mind that when that $550 million dollar profit is divvied up, it goes to shareholders of Dr. Pepper-Snapple, who we can rest assured are not generally of the blue collar class. The corporation's logic tells us that people in the ownership class need the money more than the workers at the Mott's plant.
And how much will it mean to the greedy shareholders?
By our calculations, this oppressive restructuring of wages would save about $1.5 million per year on the backs of the 300 workers who could be affected at the plant. This would redistribute about 6 cents per share to the owners, while it cuts back on worker earnings by about 16%.
6 lousy cents.
Meanwhile the Dr. Pepper-Snapple stock has gone up in value over 42% in the last 52 weeks.
This is the America we want to leave our children and grandchildren? Decline in earning power so someone can have a cheap, over-sweetened drink from Dr. Pepper?
According to the New York Times:
Tim Budd, a 24-year employee who belongs to the union's bargaining team, said he was shocked by one thing the plant manager said during negotiations.
"He said we're a commodity like soybeans and oil, and the price of commodities go up and down," Mr. Budd recalled. "He said there are thousands of people in this area out of jobs, and they could hire any one of them for $14 an hour. It made me sick to have someone sit across the table and say I'm not worth the money I make."
Have a glass of water from your tap the next time you feel like reaching for one of Dr. Pepper's products.
Labels: Dr. Pepper Snapple, Mott's, Rochester NY, The Decline Of Unions, unemployment
the rich just continue to get richer....
When you think about it, it's remarkable we had enough union in our Union to pass ANY amendments that benefits the down-trodden or minorities. Could we even CONTEMPLATE such ideas today?


Here at EMCI we are always looking for exceptional people wishing to be a part of our team. Our success is dependent upon the quality of our employees, which is why we strive to hire only those who exemplify the highest standards in integrity, quality of workmanship and customer service. We are proud of all of our employees and are pleased to offer long-term employment and a compensation package, in addition to advancement opportunities, that rewards them for their hard work and commitment..


text:
Congressman Seth Moulton was born and raised in the Sixth District of Massachusetts. He attended public schools followed by Phillips Academy Andover and Harvard University with help from scholarships and student loans, which he continues to pay back today. After graduating from Harvard in 2001, Seth was inspired to join the United States Marine Corps by the 18 and 19-year olds who put their lives on the line for our country. He served four tours in Iraq as a Marine Corps infantry officer, including two as an infantry platoon commander and two as a Special Assistant to General David Petraeus. He left the Marines in 2008 with the rank of Captain, attended Harvard Business School and the Kennedy School of Government, and worked in the private sector. Eager to continue serving our country, Seth ran for Congress in 2014 with a promise to bring new, bipartisan leadership to Washington. In his first term, Seth made it a priority to find areas for common ground; nearly 60 percent of all bills he has co-sponsored have bipartisan support. Seth has focused on spurring economic growth for Massachusetts families, ensuring that we make informed decisions about our national security, and improving veterans' health care through the VA, where he continues to receive his own care. Seth serves on the House Armed Services Committee and Budget Committee.
Back to Advisory Board


text:
/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void flatten(TreeNode *root) {
        if (root == nullptr) return;
        stack<TreeNode *> stk;
        stk.push(root);
        while (!stk.empty()) {
            TreeNode *current = stk.top();
            stk.pop();
            if (current->right != nullptr) stk.push(current->right);
            if (current->left != nullptr) stk.push(current->left);
            current->left = nullptr;
            if (!stk.empty()) current->right = stk.top();
        }
    }
};

//---------

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
  public:
    void flatten(TreeNode *root) {
      if (root == NULL) return;
      flatten(root->left);
      flatten(root->right);
      TreeNode *current = root->left;
      if (!current) return;
      for ( ; current->right; current = current->right);
      current->right = root->right;
      root->right = root->left;
      root->left = NULL;
    }
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub