text:
Whole Socionics
The Model A cube
Model A is generally presented as a linear, 1-dimensional model, or as a 2-dimensional grid. You have functions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, also known as leading, creative, role, etc., which can be arranged in two different "loops".
But in reality, Model A is neither a line nor a grid. It's a cube. It is not 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional, but 3-dimensional.
That is to say, you can arrange the functions of Model A like so:
And when you do, the intertype relationships become symmetries of the cube. The top and bottom faces of the cube are the mental and vital loops.
Let's say that this placement of the cube represents LII, so that the closest bottom edge represents the ego block, with the leading function on the left. Then
-the duality relation is the vertical reflection (switching TiNe with FeSi)
-supervision is a 90 degree rotation about the vertical axis
-mirror is a reflection across the yz-plane
-comparative is a reflection across a diagonal plane
-extinguishment is the antipodal map / complete reflection which sends each point to the point opposite from it
Supervision can be replaced with benefit as the rotation to produce a "Model G cube" as it were, making the benefit rings apparent instead of the supervision rings.
Duality can also be replaced with extinguishment as the vertical reflection.
And comparative can be replaced by any of the "odd" relations - the ones that reverse the Process/Result dichotomy.
These three choices determine the model, so that there are 2*2*8 = 32 versions. The one above is the "dsk" (dual/supervision/comparative) cube. In all cases, the possible transformations are exactly the ones that preserve the cube itself and preserve the vertical axis. Half (eight) of them reverse the cube's orientation and half of them preserve it. In the dsk cube the orientation corresponds to the Negativist/Positivist dichotomy.
The diagonal reflection (which is the comparative relation in Model A) fixes half of the functions. We can expand the cube to a 4D hypercube, and Model A to a 16-function model, so that no relation fixes any functions:
In this case we can actually identify the types with the IM elements. I interpret this to mean that each type has an overarching goal in life, which is the leading function. Typically these are written as "signed" versions of the regular IM elements:
+Ne ILE
-Si SEI
+Fe ESE
-Ti LII
-Fe EIE
+Ti LSI
-Se SLE
+Ni IEI
+Se SEE
-Ni ILI
+Te LIE
-Fi ESI
-Te LSE
+Fi EII
-Ne IEE
+Si SLI
The elements of Model A (and any other cube model) are coarser versions of these elements, e.g. Ti is just +Ti and -Ti (LSI and LII) grouped together.*
Because types are identified with IM elements, in the 4D model we can simply choose which relations are adjacent to the type:
-(beneficiary and benefactor) or (supervisor and supervisee)
-one of the odd relations
-extinguisher or dual
There is much more to say about the cube, but this will do for now. This is the perfect logical system underlying socionics.
* Notice also that although the look-a-like relation is also a diagonal reflection in the Model A cube, it technically defines different elements than the comparative relation: Reasonable EJ, Reasonable IJ, Merry EP, Merry IP, etc.
Posted by Ibrahim Tencer at 9:15 PM No comments:
Ti valuing types are sometimes criticized for ignoring empirical data if it is not consistent with their views. The argument, so it goes, is that empirical data is real or factual, and views can be changed, therefore the empirical data takes precedence over any prior belief that one may have concerning it.
While this is true, it can be misleading if taken too far, and in fact seriously impeded the progress of science on different occasions in history. One is the discovery by Galileo (ILE) that all objects in free fall will fall at the same rate. Typically if you drop a feather and a bowling ball they will not fall at the same rate. But as we now know, this is due to special conditions that exist on the Earth's surface (air resistance) and in no way contradicts the more basic and fundamental truth. Galileo presented an argument to this effect, but it is said that he did arrive at this fact empirically, by cleverly choosing an experiment in which air resistance wouldn't be a factor. The whole idea of doing controlled experiments in fact does mean "ignoring facts" or rather assuming a certain model of the world, in which the other factors are thought not to matter. (An assumption which may not be valid depending on how the experiment is set up.)
Another example is the Copernican model of the solar system (or rather the universe as it was known at that time). In fact the Copernican model was not much more accurate than the Ptolemaic model, although it did require fewer epicycles. The backlash it suffered is not unlike the reactions faced by proponents of speculative or revolutionary theories today, even if the one was supposedly based on religious dogma and the others on hard-nosed skepticism.
What this suggests is that reasoning from facts (Te) is not enough. One may also reason based on ideas or pure logic (Ti, with intuition). The most extreme example of this in the history of science is the theory of general relativity by Einstein (also ILE). Unlike quantum mechanics, which was cobbled together from various different observations, and whose interpretation and principles are still in dispute, Einstein started out with a clear physical principle: the laws of physics should be invariant under smooth changes of coordinates. Since there are many different ways of describing the same situation with different coordinates, it should not matter which ones we use. To this he added some empirical requirements, like reproducing Newton's laws in the limit — but in fact, he too was misled by this! He became stuck, trying to reconcile the idea with the "empirical" data. It was not until he realized that in fact coordinate invariance was the primary requirement (and the so-called facts required subtle modification) that he finally completed the theory. Empirical evidence for general relativity actually remained somewhat scant for many years. Another point to note here is that it is easy to confuse an interpretation of the facts (like a "proven" past model) for the facts themselves. All observations except the most basic are tied up in some way with interpretation.
So, as one might expect, the approach I (LII) use to develop socionics uses a great deal of a priori reasoning (while of course making use of both). It's like you have two masses, one consisting of knowledge that is known to be true by reasoning, and one consisting of all observations of the world. You can then bring them together by moving either point towards the other, or both, until they meet in the true model. In fact, a priori truths may seem disconnected or cover different domains (like general relativity and quantum mechanics), and themselves require unification. Our basic physical understanding of the universe has been stuck for decades, and what we need to move forward is a thorough re-examination of the concepts underlying the theories, starting with what is absolutely clear and building on top of that until everything has been "digested" into an indisputable form, or else cast aside as remnants of past confusion. This is a huge task, but it can, and will, be done.
Posted by Ibrahim Tencer at 7:08 AM No comments:
Becoming your benefactor
Your benefactor can be seen as a "better version of you" -- someone who does something similar to what you do, but more effortlessly, and can go beyond your limitations. A big part of self-development consists of learning how to use the demonstrative function in conjunction with the suggestive function, or we may say in terms of Model A2, using the progressive demonstrative function (p8). Someone who does not do this can conversely seem myopic or naive.
Some examples come from the theory of integral types.
The computer programming community is essentially an ILI in its approach. Formal methods and principles are considered but generally take a back seat to pragmatism. The most extreme examples are in the Linux-based "hacker" community, which evolved into the open source community, and is notorious for its toxically critical culture and neglect of the subjective experience of using software (user experience aka UX, an Si domain -- more likely with Fe), as opposed to how it gets things done.
However, this approach has led to a crisis: software now, and in particular the most widespread software like operating systems and the internet, have become such a complicated mess that major companies are being hacked on a regular basis. The way out of this situation is to make systems that implement formal verification and strict systems of access control from the ground up. The internet largely grew organically and without a clear view of what the system would or should look like later on. It's debatable whether or not this situation can be resolved, but an LSI approach is what is called for.
Another crisis is in the mathematics community. The world produces a large amount of formalistic mathematics, consisting of jargon like "for every complete valued extension k′ of k, the higher coherent cohomology of X×k_k′ vanishes." (real example taken from arxiv.org) Often mathematicians themselves are unable to assign intuitive meaning to these terms. While this may not be seen as a problem from inside the math community, it poses serious problems for anyone who seeks to apply math to reality, like physicists. We need to go back and find some kind of holistic, unifying meaning for math -- in short, use +Ni, the Ni of the IEI. (Debatably "meaning" here also includes Ne, in the sense of intuition as used by physicists.)
Some ideas of Jung
I must confess, I have never read completely through Jung's Psychological Types, or even the chapter that is about the type definitions. I find the writing to be often convoluted and not very much related to socionics as it stands today. Perhaps the best part is the description of extroversion and introversion:
"The relation between subject and object, considered biologically, is always a relation of adaptation, since every relation between subject and object presupposes mutually modifying effects from either side. These modifications constitute the adaptation. The typical attitudes to the object, therefore, are adaptation processes. Nature knows two fundamentally different ways of adaptation, which determine the further existence of the living organism the one is by increased fertility, accompanied by a relatively small degree of defensive power and individual conservation; the other is by individual equipment of manifold means of self-protection, coupled with a relatively insignificant fertility. This biological contrast seems not merely to be the analogue, but also the general foundation of our two psychological modes of adaptation, At this point a mere general indication must suffice; on the one hand, I need only point to the peculiarity of the extravert, which constantly urges him to spend and propagate himself in every way, and, on the other, to the tendency of the introvert to defend himself against external claims, to conserve himself from any expenditure of energy directly related to the object, thus consolidating for himself the most secure and impregnable position."
That is, maintaining vs. propagating the self. This fits completely with socionics extro/introversion, and in particular Si and Se.
However, Jung later published a much shorter pamphlet on his personality types called "A Psychological Theory of Types" (1931). The full text does not seem to be online anywhere except on Google Books. In it, Jung describes some concepts that are very important for socionics. He realizes the importance of the "compass" of personality, which has Intuition, Feeling, Sensing, and Thinking at its four corners, each function across from its opposite. In socionics this forms what we would call a supervision ring or benefit ring, since each of the leading functions of the types in the ring must correspond to these four categories.
"The four functions are somewhat like the four points of the compass; they are just as arbitrary and just as indispensable.
Nothing prevents our shifting the cardinal points as many degrees as we like in one direction or the other, or giving them different names.
It is merely a question of convention and intelligibility.
But one thing I must confess: I would not for anything dispense with this compass on my psychological voyages of discovery. This is not merely for the obvious, all-too-human reason that everyone is in love with his own ideas. I value the type theory for the objective reason that it provides a system of comparison and orientation which makes possible something that has long been lacking, a critical psychology."
Instead of "critical psychology" we may say: a mathematical, structural theory of the self.
This compass is the crux behind socionics and indeed reality itself. Although it may seem attractive, any attempt to found socionics purely based on dichotomies (and in ignorance of the relationship group) seems to me doomed to fail. That is because it does not acknowledge the geometric transition between discrete traits that is given by the continuous rotation of the square.
Jung says regarding psychiatry: "Its concepts are lacking, facts are not; on the contrary, we are surrounded—almost buried—by facts."
This is exactly the situation we still find ourselves in with socionics. While of course it would be desirable to have a way to mechanistically ("empirically") verify the facts of socionics, this is not within the realm of possibility at the moment. What we need now is conceptual clarity and rigorous definitions.
Jung also offers some prescient definitions:
"Just as extraverted sensation strives to reach the highest pitch of actuality, because only thus can the appearance of a complete life be created, so intuition tries to encompass the greatest possibilities, since only through the awareness of possibilities is intuition fully satisfied."
"Sensation establishes what is actually present....intuition points to possibilities as to whence it came and whither it is going in a given situation."
This is in fact exactly how I see sensing and intuition in socionics - actuality vs. possibility, or presence vs. absence. It's something that perhaps got lost in the formulation of socionics.
However, Jung defines thinking as "meaning" and feeling as "value" which is far less clear.
Quantum Socionics
Around six years ago, I embarked on a project to discover the true essence of the information elements. It seemed to me that their descriptions were either, on the one hand, a collection of disjointed concepts ("essence, potential, possibility, talent, etc") or overly vague and abstract, unconnected to the practical experience of the elements ("internal statics of objects"). My reasoning was that, if for example Se essentially conflicts with Si, then the two must each have some essential quality that is responsible for this — the collection of traits otherwise seems like some kind of fluke or coincidence.
Although I have made considerable progress towards this goal, and I still expect to find a true system of definitions, it seems to me now that the original goal has to be modified slightly. Socionics has certain aspects, both formal and conceptual, that relate to quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics you cannot assign all properties of a system (such as momentum and position) simultaneously: once you measure one aspect, your choice of what to measure makes the other properties somehow ill-defined or nebulous. This may also be the case in socionics, for example: from the point of view of Te, Ti is about simplifying, ignoring, or reducing information. But from an Fe point of view Ti is more about clarity and organization. These incompatible points of view are what result in quadra values, and compatibility and conflict.
This suggests that information elements must be defined at some level by their interactions. Normally definitions assume some pre-existing framework, and use language to specify some class or individual within that framework. This is the Ti approach. But in a more fundamental theory this may not be possible: if the IM elements are themselves prior to any information, how can they be specified? This is a paradox, and its resolution requires incorporating the dynamic Fe perspective as well.
In fact, information (literally "putting into form") itself is only made possible through an interacting complex of entities. Where there is no distinction between here and there, self and other, there is no transfer (nor anything to transfer) and therefore no information. Geometry and information are two sides of the same coin.
Ibrahim Tencer


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For older campers, the Ometz Summer Camp Program provides an opportunity to learn and strengthen activities of daily living and teaches valuable pre-vocational skills that will later be practiced in retail establishments such as Publix, Broward Humane Society and Old Navy. Summer enrichment programs are implemented into daily schedules such as swimming, yoga, music, fitness, karate, art and more.Weekly field trips lend entertainment to this highly regarded program with trips to parks, museums, theaters and gaming emporiums.
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this one is my favorite because of the blur and the lighting I think of this as an angel bird.
< Previous Sitting by the park bench.
Thanks. Digital photography is great, I can't tell you how many pics I have of empty branches, bare patches of ground or empty air!


Heraldic flags include banners, standards, pennons and their variants, gonfalons, guidons, and pinsels. Specifications governing heraldic flags vary from country to country, and have varied over time.
The pennon is a small elongated flag, either pointed or swallow-tailed (when swallow-tailed it may be described as a banderole). It was charged with the heraldic badge or some other armorial ensign of the owner, and displayed on his own lance, as a personal ensign. The pennoncelle was a modification of the pennon.
In contemporary Scots usage, the pennon is four feet long. It tapers either to a point or to a rounded end as the owner chooses. It is assigned by the Lord Lyon King of Arms to any armiger who wishes to apply for it.
The banner of arms (also simply called banner) is square or oblong and larger than the pennon, bearing the entire coat of arms of the owner, composed precisely as upon a shield but in a square or rectangular shape.
The banners of members of Orders of Chivalry are typically displayed in the Order's chapel. Banners of Knights of the Order of the Thistle are hung in the 1911 chapel of the Order in St Giles High Kirk in Edinburgh. Banners of Knights of the Order of the Garter are displayed in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. From Victorian times Garter banners have been approximately 5 feet by 5 feet.
Banners became available to all English armigers as a result of a report by Garter to the Earl Marshal dated 29 January 1906. The report stated that the size of banner for Esquires and Gentlemen should be considered in the future. Until that date they were available to all noblemen and knights banneret. In 2011, Garter Woodcock said that the banner for an Esquire or Gentleman should be the same size as a Marquess's and those of a lower rank down to Knight, that is, 3 feet by 3 feet.
In Scotland, the size of personal banners, excluding any fringes, are specified by the Lord Lyon.
Standard of Sir Henry de Stafford, about 1475, features the Stafford knot and Bohun swan heraldic badges differenced with a crescent gules for cadency. The standard bears the Cross of Saint George for England. Black and red (sable and gules) are Sir Henry's livery colours.
The heraldic standard appeared about the middle of the fourteenth century, and was in general use by personages of high rank in the two following centuries. The standard appears to have been adopted for the special purpose of displaying badges. "The badge was worn on his livery by a servant as retainer, and consequently the standard by which he mustered in camp was of the livery colours, and bore the badge, with both of which the retainer was familiar."
Heraldic flags that are used by individuals, like a monarch, as a means of identification are often called standards (e.g. royal standard). These flags, more usually banners, however are not standards in a strict heraldic sense but have come to be known as such. A standard is not rectangular: it tapers, usually from 4 feet down to 2 feet, and the fly edge is rounded (lanceolate). In England any armiger who has been granted a badge is entitled to fly a standard.
The medieval English standard was larger than the other flags, and its size varied with the owner's rank. The Cross of St. George usually appeared next to the staff, and the rest of the field was generally divided per fess (horizontally) into two colours, in most cases the livery colours of the owner. "With some principal figure or device occupying a prominent position, various badges are displayed over the whole field, a motto, which is placed bend-wise, having divided the standard into compartments. The edges are fringed throughout, and the extremity is sometimes swallow-tailed, and sometimes rounded."
Standard of the Leonese Monarchs during the Middle Ages (until the 13th century). It's one of the oldest heraldic flags; the documentation for the colours dates from c. 1150.
The Oriflamme was the royal standard of the King of France during the Middle Ages.
In Scotland, a standard requires a separate grant by the Lord Lyon. Such a grant is only made if certain conditions are met.
The length of the standard depends upon one's noble rank.
An example of a standard suitable for a Scottish baronet (who is, in this case, also the chief of Clan Macdonald of Sleat).
A Banderole (Fr. for a "little banner"), has both a literal descriptive meaning for its use by knights and ships, and is also heraldic device for representing bishops.
Royal Banner of the King of Denmark in the 14th century, based on the Royal Arms of Denmark.
A gonfalone or gonfalon is a vertically hung banner emblazoned with a coat of arms. Gonfalons have wide use in civic, religious, and academic heraldry. The term originated in Florence, Italy, where communities, or neighborhoods, traditionally displayed gonfaloni in public ceremonies.
The Scots guidon is similar in shape to the standard and pennon. At 6.5' long, it is smaller than the standard and twice the size of the pennon. Guidons are assigned by the Lord Lyon to those individuals who qualify for a grant of supporters to their Arms and to other individuals who have a following such as individuals who occupy a position of leadership or a long-term official position commanding the loyalty of more than a handful of people. The Guidon tapers to a round, unsplit end at the fly.
A guidon can also refer to a cavalry troop's banner, such as that which survived the Custer massacre.
The Scottish pinsel is triangular in shape, 2.5 feet high at the hoist and 4.5 feet in width tapering to a point. This is the flag denoting a person to whom a Clan Chief has delegated authority for a particular occasion, such as a clan gathering when the Chief is absent. This flag is allotted only to Chiefs or very special Chieftain-Barons for practical use, and only upon the specific authority of the Lord Lyon King of Arms.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heraldic banners.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heraldic flags.
^ a b Chisholm 1911, p. 312.
^ From a manuscript of 1603.
^ Burnett & Hodgson 2001, pp. 6–7.
^ Boutell 1914, p. 251.
^ "Custer's 'Last Flag' sells for $2.2 million". nbcnews.com. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Berry, W. (1830). Encyclopaedia heraldica or complete dictionary of heraldry. 1. London: Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper.
Boutell, Charles (1914). Fox-Davies, A. C. (ed.). The Handbook to English Heraldry (11th ed.). London: Reeves & Turner.
Burnett, C.J.; Hodgson, L. (2001). Stall Plates of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle in the Chapel of the Order within St Giles' Cathedral, The High Kirk of Edinburgh. Edinburgh: Heraldry Society of Scotland. ISBN 0-9525258-3-6.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Banderole" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312.
Johnston, L. (2011). "Emperor Akihito and the heraldic achievements of the Garter".
Lipskey, Glenn Edgard (1972). "The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor, The Poem of Almeria". Retrieved 15 December 2014.
"The Court of the Lord Lyon - Further Guidance on Flags". lyon-court.org. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
The Handbook to English Heraldry at Project Gutenberg, which is in the public domain in the United States.
Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1976) . The Art of Heraldry (facsimile ed.). Arno Press.
Nelson, Phil (1 February 2010). "Banderole". Dictionary of heraldic terms.
OED staff (September 2011). "banderol[e] | bandrol | bannerol, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (Second 1989; online version September 2011. ed.). Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1885.


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Artistic associations
Suzanne Lebeau
Suzanne Lebeau is internationally recognized as a leader in playwriting for young audiences. She is among the most-performed Quebec playwrights in the world, with more than 250 productions of her works on all continents. Her plays have been published in many countries and translated into 26 languages. Suzanne Lebeau's exceptional contribution to the flourishing of theatre for young audiences has earned her numerous awards and distinctions, including the Governor General's Literary Award for Drama in 2009; for Le bruit des os qui craquent ; the Prix Athanase-David 2010, and the Governor General's Performing Arts Awards: Lifetime Artistic Achievement – Theatre in 2016. In 2018, the French Republic made her Knight of the Order of the Arts and Letters. In 2019, she received the title of Compagne de l'Ordre des arts et des lettres du Québec.
Photo : Odette Fouche
Gervais Gaudreault
Gervais Gaudreault performed in the company's early productions. However, he was soon bitten by the directing bug. In the 1980s, he directed Une lune entre deux maisons, Le Carrousel's first show to tour internationally. Since then, he has directed most of the company's productions, including L'Ogrelet, Petit Pierre (Technical Merit award – Canadian Institute for Theatre Technology), and Le bruit des os qui craquent (critics' award, theatre for young audiences category – Association québécoise des critiques de théâtre). During his career, he has directed almost 30 plays, including a dozen productions in foreign languages (English, Spanish, Italian, Japenese, Mandarin, and Polish). Gervais Gaudreault is also an experienced teacher; he taught vocal techniques in the Option-Théâtre program at Collège Lionel-Groulx, and he directed public readings at the National Theatre School of Canada. His expertise has earned him frequent invitations to France, Argentina, Mexico and Japan.
Photo : David Ospina
2020 à aujourd'hui
19751975 à 197819791980 à 19851985 à 19901990 à 19951995 à 20002000 à 20052005 à 20102010 à 20152015 à 20202020 à aujourd'hui
Foundation of the company
Suzanne Lebeau and Gervais Gaudreault found Le Carrousel. Both artists play in the company's shows.
Suzanne Lebeau writes her first plays, and different artists bring them to the stage: Ti-Jean voudrait ben s'marier mais… (1975) and Le jardin qui s'anime (1976), La chanson improvisée (1977), Chut! Chut! Pas si fort! (1977), and Petite ville deviendra grande (1978).
Pascal Desgranges, Alain Fournier, Jean Fugère, and Mona Latif Ghattas direct Le Carrousel's early productions
Une lune entre deux maisons
Une lune entre deux maisons is the first Canadian play written specifically for young children.
To write this play, Suzanne Lebeau adopts the point of view of the child: "Starting with this text, my writing would carry, between the words and images, the presence of children, a direct, effective, decisive, vibrant presence even in what is not said, and the incredibly theatrical suggestion that one dares to make so rarely to children, always deeming it necessary to explain."
Gervais Gaudreault directs for the first time with this first version of Une lune entre deux maisons, which will be performed 675 times in French, English, and Spanish. The play will be presented again twice more in the company's history, and more than thirty other productions of Une lune entre deux maisons will have been staged for audiences over the next forty years.
First international tours: Le Carrousel in Europe
In 1981, Alain Grégoire becomes the company's third co-director.
Two new plays by Suzanne Lebeau are premiered: Les petits pouvoirs (1982), directed by Lorraine Pintal, and La marelle (1984), directed by Alain Grégoire.
In 1982, Le Carrousel, le Théâtre de l'œil, and La Marmaille (today Les Deux Mondes) found La Maison québécoise du théâtre pour l'enfance et la Jeunesse, which opens its doors in preview in fall 1984. A group of 19 member companies combine forces to create a performance venue in Montréal devoted specifically to young audiences.
In 1983, with a series of performances in Belgium and France, Une lune entre deux maisons becomes Le Carrousel's first play presented internationally.
In the 1980s, Gervais Gaudreault and colleagues create Théâtres Unis Enfance Jeunesse (TUEJ), which, starting in 1985, will represent theatre companies for young audiences with artists' unions (UDA, APASQ, etc.).
Gil and Argentina
Gil is Suzanne Lebeau's adaptation of a novel by Howard Buten, Quand j'avais cinq ans je m'ai tué. Gervais Gaudreault directs the play. The show sends shock waves through the adults who attend the performances, but wins the award for the best production for young audiences 1987–88 (Association québécoise des critiques de théâtre/AQCT). Suzanne Lebeau says about Gil, "For the first time, I felt in my heart that there are limits to what we can present to children and that these limits come not from the children for whom I'm writing, but from the adults around them."
The company's first South American tour takes place in 1988 with Una luna entre dos casas.
Also in 1988, Alain Grégoire directs Hélène Lasnier's 242M106. It is Le Carrousel's first experiment with a production aimed at teenagers.
In 1989, Gervais Gaudreault premieres Suzanne Lebeau's Comment vivre avec les hommes quand on est un géant.
Also in 1989, Alain Grégoire resigns as co-director of Le Carrousel but continues to work freelance with the company for a year before taking on a two-year stint at the Ministère des Affaires culturelles, becoming director of theatre for Québec.
Gervais Gaudreault, director
In 1990, Gervais Gaudreault becomes the company's exclusive director: he will direct all the shows for Le Carrousel for the next 20 years.
Between 1990 and 1995, he directs three new plays by Suzanne Lebeau: Conte du jour et de la nuit, Contes d'enfants reels, and Salvador, which is presented at the New Victory Theater on Broadway.
In 1992, Odette Lavoie becomes executive director of Le Carrousel. She, Gervais Gaudreault, and Suzanne Lebeau form an outstanding team of directors for almost 20 years. In 1994, Nathalie Ménard joins the company. Still financial manager today, Nathalie now holds the institutional memory of Le Carrousel.
Le Carrousel takes on the world
Salvador is presented in English in New York and Philadelphia (1997) and Albuquerque (1998).
Le Carrousel hosts authors in residency: Normand Chaurette writes Petit navire; Dominick Parenteau-Lebeuf, L'Autoroute (1999).
In 1996, in France, L'Espace Malraux – Scène nationale de Chambéry and La Scène nationale de Narbonne decide to co-produce Petit Navire. Le Carrousel thus becomes the first Canadian company to lay the foundations for co-production of shows for young audiences, in Québec and abroad.
L'Ogrelet is premiered in 1997 by Le Carrousel, in co-production with Théâtre du Vieux-Terrebonne. In 1999, the show receives Masques awards for original text and lighting design (Académie québécoise du théâtre). Dominique Gagnon, Le Carrousel's technical director, designed the lighting for L'Ogrelet. Dominique was involved in all of the company's productions for 28 years (1990 to 2018).
L'Ogrelet becomes one of the most important plays in the company's repertoire, with more than 450 performances in Argentina, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Mexico, Québec, Spain, and Switzerland. The show goes on to be presented in French, English, Italian, and Spanish for many years.
Suzanne Lebeau's play is translated into 15 languages: Catalonian, Czech, English, Euscara (Basque), Galician, German, Greek, Italian, Maya, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian, and Yvette Hardie, who was president of the executive council of ASSITEJ for many years, mounts L'Ogrelet in Xhosa, South Africa's most-spoken second language.
The repertoire grows
In 2002, Gervais Gaudreault directs Suzanne Lebeau's play Petit Pierre.
Three years later, he premieres Le pays des genoux by Geneviève Billette, an author hosted in residency at Le Carrousel. The show is a new co-production with L'Espace Malraux in Chambéry, France.
First appearances at La Comédie Française and in Asia
In 2006, Souliers de sable is premiered.
In 2008, Marie-Eve Huot begins a long-term internship at Le Carrousel, following which the co-directors invite her, with her company Théâtre Ébouriffé, to a four-year residency.
Le Carrousel co-produces Le bruit des os qui craquent with Théâtre d'Aujourd'hui in 2009.
In 2010 and 2011, the award-winning play is presented by La Comédie-Française.
In 2009, Gervais Gaudreault reprises Petit Pierre in Mandarin, in co-production with the Taipei Children's Arts Festival. This first foray into Asia will be followed by several others in coming seasons.
Artistic transmission and start-up of the Le Cube real-estate investment project
In 2010, Gervais Gaudreault adapts and directs Michèle Lemieux's picture book Nuit d'orage. The show is performed in French, Spanish, Mandarin (Taipei Children's Arts Festival, 2012), and Polish (Korczak Festival, for the 18th World Congress of ASSITEJ in Warsaw, Poland, 2014).
A long-term collaboration also begins between Le Carrousel and Théâtre le Clou in 2010: Both companies have been working on relocation projects. They finally reach an agreement with the Centre culturel et communautaire Sainte-Brigide-de-Kildare to relocate their respective organizations to the former Sainte-Brigide church.
To this relocation project is attached a third, newly created entity that is to become a service organization devoted to the field of theatre for young audiences. Le Cube, centre de recherche et de création, has a mission complementary to that of Maison Théâtre, which meets the many needs of young companies whose vitality ensures that the practice will continue to evolve.
The collaboration between Le Carrousel and Le Clou seems relevant and natural, as both companies are interested in young audiences: children (Le Carrousel) and teenagers (Le Clou). The investment project of both companies is added to that of Le Cube, centre de recherche et de création, intended to become the owner of the former Sainte-Brigide church that would provide a home for the three organizations.
In 2011, Gervais Gaudreault reprises Le bruit des os qui craquent in Spanish with the actors from the Compañía Nacional de Teatro de Mexico.
In fall 2011, wishing to integrate Marie-Eve Huot fully into the company's operations, the co-founders ask her to direct the reprise of Une lune entre deux maisons. Her work earns her the LOJIQ/RIDEAU Francophonie award for 2013.
In 2013, Gretel et Hansel is premiered. The show is to become one of the company's key works and will be presented in French, English, Spanish, and Japanese.
Gretel et Hansel is performed 275 times before audiences in Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, Québec, South Africa, Spain, and the United Kingdom between 2013 and 2019. At the time it is first presented, no one imagines that the show will also presented online in Argentina and Paraguay in 2021, during the pandemic.
In 2014, Le Carrousel makes its first foray into adult theatre, premiering Chaîne de montage, in co-production with Théâtre de Quat'sous. The show is presented in France and Argentina in 2015.
In 2014, Marie-Eve Huot becomes an associate artist at Le Carrousel.
A new artistic co-director: Marie-Eve Huot
In 2016, Marie-Eve Huot directs Martin Bellemare's Des pieds et des mains, the last production by Théâtre Ébouriffé, the company that she co-founded in 2007. Le Carrousel becomes associate producer of this show, following the closure of Théâtre Ébouriffé in 2017.
Also in 2017, after nine years of guidance, Marie-Eve Huot succeeds Suzanne Lebeau as artistic co-director of Le Carrousel, alongside Gervais Gaudreault.
In 2016, Gervais Gaudreault directs Trois petites sœurs, which is a core piece of Suzanne Lebeau's doctoral research; her dissertation is called Écrire pour les jeunes publics, une conquête de la liberté (Writing for young audiences: Freedom's conquest).
In 2017, Le Carrousel plays for the first time in Africa, presenting Gretel and Hansel at the Cradle of Creativity festival during the 19th World Congress of ASSITEJ, in Cape Town, South Africa.
In 2018, Gretel y Hansel wins the Premios Atina award for best foreign play presented in Argentina, and Gervais Gaudreault reprises the show in Japanese, in co-production with the Kanagawa Arts Theatre in Yokohama, Japan.
In 2018, Marie-Eve Huot directs a brand-new version of Une lune entre deux maisons. Thirty-five years after its first European tour, Une lune entre deux maisons takes to the road in France.
A new period begins
A year after the COVID-19 pandemic begins, in order to keep in touch with its audiences who can't go to the theatre, Le Carrousel returns to schools with the invisible theatre project La question du devoir.
In fall 2021, Gervais Gaudreault resigns as artistic director and becomes an associate artist for one season. Marie-Eve Huot becomes the sole artistic director of Le Carrousel.
She premieres Antigone sous le soleil de midi, a play that Suzanne Lebeau wrote for her. This production closes the 10-year circle of transmission with the co-founders of Le Carrousel.
As always, there's more to come …
Le Carrousel, compagnie de théâtre
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Montréal (Québec) Canada
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Black Iron Legacy
The Gutter Prayer Publisher's Summary
A group of three young thieves are pulled into a centuries-old magical war between ancient beings, mages, and humanity in this wildly original debut epic fantasy.
Enter a city of saints and thieves....
The city of Guerdon stands eternal. A refuge from the war that rages beyond its borders. But in the ancient tunnels deep beneath its streets, a malevolent power has begun to stir.
The fate of the city rests in the hands of three thieves. They alone stand against the coming darkness. As conspiracies unfold and secrets are revealed, their friendship will be tested to the limit. If they fail, all will be lost, and the streets of Guerdon will run with blood.
The Gutter Prayer is an epic tale of sorcerers and thieves, treachery and revenge, from a remarkable new voice in fantasy.
©2019 Gareth Ryder-Hanrahan (P)2019 Hachette Audio
The Gutter Prayer
By: Gareth Hanrahan
Narrated by: John Banks
The city of Guerdon stands eternal. A refuge from the war that rages beyond its borders. But in the ancient tunnels deep beneath its streets, a malevolent power has begun to stir. The fate of the city rests in the hands of three thieves. They alone stand against the coming darkness. As conspiracies unfold and secrets are revealed, their friendship will be tested to the limit. If they fail, all will be lost, and the streets of Guerdon will run with blood.
This was one of the hardest books to finish
The Shadow Saint
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Japan's financial watchdog agency has released data about the crypto boom in the country for the 1st time ever.
The report from Japan's Financial Services Agency (FSA), translated by Coindesk, indicated that at least 3.5-M people were trading on 17 domestic exchanges as of end of March 2018, solidifying Japan's position as a cryptocurrency trading hub.
The data demonstrated that 84% of cryptocurrency traders were between the ages of 20 and 40, reaffirming the fact that much of the cryptocurrency frenzy has been fueled by a spike in trading activity by Millennial-aged investors.
Bitcoin is currently trading at: 6,921.3149, +86.3198 or +1.26%, as of 1:58a BST, the market is open.
The regulatory agency revealed that in Japan, trading volume of Bitcoin, the world's largest digital coin by market capitalization, skyrocketed 340% in the 3 year frame, from $22-M in March 2014 to $97-B in March 2017.
Trading on margins, credit and futures of bitcoin as an underlying asset increased from a mere $2-M to a whopping $543-B over the same respective frames.
The price of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin have taken a hit this year on investor fears rise regarding heightened regulatory oversight around the world on the high-flying decentralized market.
The highly volatile asset has returned near 500% over the most recent 12 months, compared to the S&P 500's 12.7% rally over the same frame.
The crypto markets' record hot run caused a global mania, leading many who were once on the investing sidelines to get into trading, particularly Millennials around the world experiencing FOMO, or fear of missing out, and hoping to get in on the next big thing in tech before time ran out.
The FSA data suggests that despite a crackdown by governments worldwide, Japan remains still an epicenter of digital asset trading.
HEFFX has seen strong interest from Japan for the building and management of Cryptocurrencies and Cryptocurrency Exchanges.


Today was the Twin's Christening and while I should have taken loads of photos it seems I didn't get very many at all so I will be relying on family and friends to have hopefully captured the day. I did however get a photo of the cake which I made for the big day.
Nana and Grandad came with us to Legoland today which was lots of fun.
The twins loved having Nana push them on the swings at the park.
Today we hosted a Plasticine Softeez Twitter Party which was lots of fun. One of the tasks was to make an animal which Zachary got creative with and came up with a "Bear Monster". Good effort for a 2 year old.
My little Princess, so perfect in every way. She's come a long way from the teeny 3 pounder she was when born.
This morning Ben and the Twins were entertained for ages playing Hungry Hippos, well that was until Zoey insisted she needed to gather up all the marbles and stopped play. Still it was fun while it lasted.
I have to say Ben impressed me with his writing practice today when he took it upon himself to do some writing.
No words needed for this one..
Today we went school shoes and holiday shopping. I forgot how busy it gets this time of year in shoe shops so it was quite a challenge keeping the twins entertained while we waited for Ben's fitting. He has gone up a size since last year, now 11.5. I thought they all deserved a treat after shopping so we headed to a local ice cream parlour where Ben opted for a waffle and ice cream. It was huge, so huge he could only manage to finding half of it. At least it'll get him prepared for the big portion sizes I'm sure we will experience in Disney.
My little blondie boy. He's such a little heart melter especially when he looks up at you with those big blue eyes.
A rainy miserable day calls for one thing, baking of course! We made some very colourful, kiddy style cookies to brighten up our Thursday.
The twins catching up on some Mickey Mouse Clubhouse which is all loaded and ready on the iPad for our trip to Disney.
We finally managed to count the baby guppy fries in our tank and it turns out we have five little ones whizzing about. It's amazing to watch how quickly they are growing and changing every day.


Have you ever turned on the television and caught a few minutes of one of those gardening programs? Yes, people can get very excited about gardening. If you're going to understand some of the things in the Bible you'll need to know a little bit about gardening; God planted a garden, Eden. The home He chose for Adam and Eve is a pretty big clue that God thinks gardens are important.(Genesis 2:8).
James 1:21 is a gardening image. In some translations of the Bible the word 'planted' is used but the original word is actually 'grafted' or 'engrafted' which is when a gardener carefully slices a branch off one tree and then transplants it into a hole he's made in a branch of another tree. From then on the branch that's been relocated starts receiving ALL its water AND life from the new tree. The purpose of grafting is most often to unite a root stock with grafted parts that together produce some desired result.
Now let's get creative, picture yourself reading your Bible, and as you do, those words from God are becoming attached to you, they start growing in you and producing fruit in YOUR life. That's how God's Word works, and that's why you need to read it every day. As God's Word actually becomes part of who you are, you will find that it frees you from fear, lifts you when you're low, directs you the way to go, and gives you the strength to fight and become free as you grow in His word (John 8:32). So, how do you feel about gardening now?


Humans are not meant to stay in one place after all. As if we were, we would have roots in place of feet. In this regard, we are propelled to discover what else is out there and just what it is we are missing in the grand scheme of things that we all call life.


Launching 40 years of 'rural memories' for Freds Pass Rural Show in 2019!!
Over the last 40 years it is estimated that in excess of half a million Territorian's have had an opportunity to sample a 'unique slice of rural life' through a family visit to the iconic Freds Pass Rural Show. 2019 will see a Ruby Red celebration of this significant milestone.
The show had humble beginnings, as a small Apex run rural fete for the Howard Springs Primary School, and was run under an independent committee until 2006. As the show grew in size, the Freds Pass Reserve Board took over management of the event. 2014 marked the return to an independently run event steered by an enthusiastic show committee (run as an Incorporated Association) who aims to continually build, develop and promote this fantastic event which attracts more than 25,000 people over the two day period.
The show is known for its strong rural theming with a vast range of equestrian events, livestock judging, animal displays, an exhibition hall showcasing the communities many talents, wood chopping exhibition, side show alley, Music talent quests, NT Young Rural Achiever Awards and a the vast array of poultry and produce. It has truly become an annual event where 'urban meets rural'.
"As a committee we look forward to bringing a very memorable Freds Pass Rural Show to the Northern Territory community in 2019. We will build on the huge success we have had in previous years with a vast array of activities, family fun and 'nationally 'recognized chefs and stage performers –with a few exciting additional surprises!" said Freds Pass Rural Show committee Chair, Karen Relph. "In addition we will take an opportunity to honor the people, supporters and events that have contributed to take the show to where it is today" said Karen.
Our popular Paddock to Plate marquee is a dedicated space where we invite local producers to offer tastings and talk about how their product is made. We also invite chefs to stage cooking demonstrations using some of the local produce on offer.
Children are not forgotten as free children's activities run on both days of the show, and our Outback Track bags provide fun and goodies as kids search for the participating site holders to collect the give-aways. Saturday and Sunday feature exciting entertainment acts focusing on utilising local talent wherever possible. On Saturday night everyone gathers for a spectacular fireworks display, and then party on to great live entertainment under the stars.
The Freds Pass Rural Show is also a highly effective platform for business and industry to come on board as Exhibitors and Sponsors. It also allows sporting bodies & recreations to showcase themselves as well as have the ability to raise much needed funds for their clubs/organisations. The next few weeks will provide a great opportunity for the business sector to talk with our 'pro-active' committee and explore these valuable opportunities.
See you there at Your Show!


Please join us to learn how to professionally conduct yourself and enhance your knowledge of etiquette standard dining practices.
You will receive a four course meal and will improve your comfort level in a professional dining environment.
Students will need to check into the dinner at 5:00 pm and professional dress is expected.
Register ASAP to reserve your seat. Registration requires a refundable $20 deposit. After you attend the event, you will receive a refund of your deposit within a few days.


For Spinal Tap's Nigel Tufnel, jazz is merely "a series of mistakes without the 'oops.'" For prolific PBS documentarian Ken Burns, however, jazz is a vital and truly American art form worthy of serious study and contemplation. Burns conceived his earnest, well-meaning 2001 series Jazz as the culmination of a trilogy that began with The Civil War in 1990 and continued with Baseball in 1994. He talked about these topics and more in an interview with the Archive Of American Television back in 2010, and in so doing, he happened to repeat the word "jazz" many, many times. Musician Bill Baird used this linguistic anomaly as the basis for a bizarre and disorienting YouTube video entitled "Ken Burns Says 'Jazz' 3 Billion Times (Actually 2.97 bn) In Under 3.5 Minutes." Quite simply, Baird has isolated the moments from Burns' archival interview in which he says the word "jazz" and strings them together and layers them on top of one another until they create an impenetrable wall of pure, Burnsian nonsense.
Baird is not particularly philosophical about what all of this is supposed to mean. "I am a weirdo," he writes. "I get a kick out of these things." The video starts out in a fairly lighthearted manner, with the screen dividing and sub-dividing and sub-sub-dividing to allow room for more tiny Ken Burnses, all saying the word "jazz." It's kind of cute, really. But then, there's a blackout about halfway through, and suddenly the viewer is bombarded with an ominous infection of Ken Burns doppelgängers too small to even recognize. Even the word "jazz," when stacked on top of itself millions of times this way, becomes incomprehensible. The effect is ominous, a nightmare combination of The Matrix and the "Sorcerer's Apprentice" scene from Fantasia, only with documentary nerds instead of brooms. In summary: jazz!


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Intriguing notes about the Braves top 10 prospects from Baseball America
Due to graduations, the Braves system isn't what it once was when it was regarded as the best farm system in baseball. Still, there's plenty of talent, especially in the top 10, and there are several new guys that are already flashing major league potential. Recently, Carlos Collazo and Kyle Glaser of Baseball America, one of the best outlets for prospect information, broke down the top prospects in the Braves farm system, and here were the most intriguing talking points, along with my thoughts.
Michael Harris
Baseball America has Michael Harris as the Braves' top prospect, which is a popular take among many prospect outlets these days. He's athletic, possesses one of the best hit-tools in the entire system, and he's also a plus-defender. Next year will be a critical year for Harris, who should begin the season in AA. If he succeeds there, it won't be much longer before he's major-league bound.
One of the most intriguing things this podcast talks about is how Harris was looked at as a pitcher by most teams in the draft. The Braves liked him in the field, which has been a constant among some of the best prospects to ever come through the system. Freddie Freeman was primarily viewed as a pitcher coming out of high school and so was Austin Riley. For some reason, that seems to be the key to finding success in Atlanta.
When discussing why Harris has overtaken Waters and Pache as the star prospect of the organization, Collazo and Glazer made it clear it all comes down to offense. While Waters and Pache each have some holes that need patching if they want to become consistent with the stick, Harris doesn't have any obvious weak points offensively. He hits for a solid average, doesn't strikeout an overwhelming amount, can hit for power, and even steals bases. That's why many believe he will be the next homegrown star for the Braves.
Christian Pache and Drew Waters
Like most prospect outlets, Baseball America dropped both Pache and Waters in their prospect rankings, and it's pretty simple as to why. They each struggled with the bat last season, and despite their defensive upside, they won't get too many more opportunities if they don't turn things around offensively.
I'm not as down as many people are on Pache and Waters following a forgetful 2021 campaign, but obvious changes need to be made. Pache needs to make very similar adjustments that Austin Riley made, and Waters' entire approach at the plate needs a makeover. Still, these are very talented young players that have burst through the system quickly. It may take them a couple of years to figure it out, but they have plenty of time, which is why I am nowhere close to hitting the panic button.
Bryce Elder and Spencer Strider
The two pitchers the podcast chose to focus on, and for good reason, were Bryce Elder and Spencer Strider — two 2020 draft picks that made it all the way to AAA (Strider even made his MLB debut) in their first professional seasons.
In regards to Strider, Collazo talks about how many scouts from outside of the organization believe Strider is "destined for a bullpen role," and I am right there with those scouts, at least for now. His fastball/slider combination is electric, but it won't hold up as a starter, and it looks like the Braves are interested in him contributing as fast as possible. I wouldn't be surprised at all if Strider became a staple of Atlanta's bullpen as early as this season.
On Elder, there seems to be a consensus on this podcast and amongst scouts that he is bound for the back of a rotation — a role he should thrive in. That could be true, but a lot of these narratives we put on prospects come from explosive stuff. Elder might not have eye-popping offerings, but some guys just know how to pitch, and Elder proved he was one of those guys in his first professional season, dominating at every level. I'm interested in some of those expectations starting to change if he follows it up with another really impressive 2022 campaign.
TagAmerica Baseball Braves Intriguing notes prospects Top
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Feel free to cool down from the warm of Bali weather by swimming in the outdoor pool or relax on a chair while sunbathing. Be sure to drop by at dinner time to enjoy live music and cold drinks. Everyday, the party on its surrounding will continue until after midnight.
Only 5 minutes to Seminyak Square Shopping Centre, 5 minutes to Seminyak Beach, 10 minutes to the Petitenget Beach, Kuta Beach, and Legian Beach, 25 minutes driving to Ngurah Rai International Airport.


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Kirill Gerstein's smart artistry makes big impression
By Gayle Williams , Herald-Tribune
/ Friday, February 17, 2012
A pianist does not need to burn the house down with technique and flair in order to make a profound impression or to entertain his public. Pianist Kirill Gerstein seems to understand this well. Not that he is not capable of the fiery virtuosic. His January was spent playing all four Rachmaninoff concerti at the Houston Symphony's RachFest. But in his Sarasota program spanning from Bach to contemporary, his smart artistry and versatility spoke to the audience loud and clear.
Kirill Gerstein / COURTESY PHOTO
More than a few musicians choose to open a solo program with a selection by J.S. Bach. With Gerstein's peerless presentation of Bach's English Suite No. 6 in d minor, BWV 811, it appeared that one reason for the choice is that even Bach's secular music lifts one to a higher state of consciousness – relaxed and receptive to what life brings. Or at least in hearing the grounded phrasing and tasteful inflections of Gerstein, the audience was left in a peaceful state, fertile for the impressions of the balance of the program.
The chronological bookend to the Bach was an introduction to a relatively recent work by Oliver Knussen titled "Ophelia's Last Dance." The full impression was of an atmospheric fog. It was a lost, floating and dreamy dance, seemingly aimless in tonality, but convincingly delivered.
The heart of the evening's program was three works spanning the full breadth of the Romantic period. A rather lightweight movement from Ferruccio Busoni's "An die Jugend" is not so much Romantic as it is a "young classicism," an aesthetic the highly regarded pianist/composer espoused along with essence and oneness. It was well placed between the Bach and Knussen.
The brilliant little charmer, Invitation to the Dance, op. 65 by Carl Maria von Weber was a welcome return to the melodic treasures of early Romanticism. It was easy to get wrapped in the swirl of the waltz, whether up tempo or down, in a sort of centrifugal pull. It was refreshing to hear this as originally intended, when Berlioz' orchestration is so frequently performed.
The evening ended with Robert Schumann's Carnaval, op.9 , a delightful procession of character studies. Gerstein articulated each literary reference, friend, and colleague with encoded musical puzzles. We can leave the details of each puzzle to the historians and simply enjoy the picture perfect, high definition quality of each movement expressed by Gerstein.
If you heard accidental notes as I did, you will know that they never detracted from the impact of Gerstein's music making, just as it never did from the great names Horowitz and Rubenstein. Critics have noted Gerstein's "probing musicianship" and called him "the most respected pianist of his generation" (New York Times). I must admit, I agree with them wholeheartedly.
KIRILL GERSTEIN. Sarasota Concert Association. Reviewed Feb. 16 at the Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall.


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3 Count: Fair Response
1: Judge Rules "Locker" Site is Not Direct Copyright Infringer
First off today, in the lawsuit between the movie studios and the file locker service Hotfile, Hotfile has scored the first victory getting the judge to drop the studios' charge of direct copyright infringement. However, the judge is allowing the case to go forward on the issue of secondary liability for Hotfile's alleged hosting of infringing materials. The win is of potentially huge importance for Hotfile as direct infringement is not protected under DMCA safe harbors. However, there are still questions as to whether Hotfile qualifies for such protections due to their reward system that pays users for uploading popular files.
2: Study: Fair Use Drives Large Part of US Economy
Next up today, a report commissioned by the Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA) found that some 17 percent of the U.S. GDP is made from fair use, totaling $4.5 trillion in revenue in 2009, up from $3.4 trillion in 2002. The study, which was meant to show the importance of fair use exemptions, went on to warn against legislation such as PROTECT IP which, according to Colorado Democrat Jared Polis, could weaken the Internet and threaten this revenue.
3: Announcing the Winner of the Public Knowledge "Copyright School" Video Challenge!
Finally today, Public Knowledge announced its winner in its $1,000 contest to create a video in response to YouTube's controversial "Copyright School" short. The video, which touts fair use and counter-notices aims to be the "rest" of the copyright story. YouTube's Copyright School video, which is required viewing for members who have been the subject of takedowns, drew criticism for only briefly mentioning fair use and ignoring remixes and mashups.


On the night of December 27, 2005, nine katyusha rockets were fired from Lebanon into Israel. Four rockets hit the town of Kiryat Shmona, while another hit the Western Galilee town of Shlomi and four landed in open areas. Two houses in Kiryat Shmona sustained heavy damage, and four residents were treated for shock.
IDF intelligence estimated that the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command, headed by Ahmed Jibril, was responsible for the katyusha fire - probably in coordination with Hizballah.
As a consequence, on December 28 Israel Air Force fighter jets fired two missiles at a PFLP-GC training base at Na'ameh, about seven kilometers south of Beirut, slightly wounding two fighters.
On December 29, al-Qaida's Committee in Mesopotamia (Iraq), led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi claimed responsibility for the rocket attack. According to its statement, after "careful planning and intelligence gathering, a group of al-Tawheed lions and Al-Qaida operatives put their faith in Allah and launched a new attack on the Jewish state… [with] ten Grad rockets from Muslim territory of Lebanon toward selected targets in the northern part of the Jewish state…This blessed attack was carried out by the mujahideen in the name of Mujahid Shaykh Usama Bin Laden, the commander of Al-Qaida... With the help of Allah, what is yet to come will be far worse." Sources in the IDF said it was difficult to determine the announcement's reliability.
It should be noted that there is an al-Qaida affiliate in Lebanon, Usbat al-Ansar, comprised of radical Sunni Palestinians from the Ayn al-Hilwah refugee camp in southern Lebanon. On August 19, 2005 an al-Qaida grouplet calling itself the Abdallah Azzam Battalions fired three katyusha rockets from Aqaba, Jordan. One of the rockets landed near Eilat's airport, while another narrowly missed an American ship in the Aqaba harbor and another hit a group of Jordanian soldiers.
Until his ouster from Afghanistan in the winter of 2001/2, bin Laden gave Palestine low priority. For him, the heart of the matter was the US presence on the holy soil of Saudi Arabia, which he saw as the bridgehead of a corruptive non-Muslim culture. Throughout bin Laden's public statements and declarations is one fundamental and predominant strategic goal: the expulsion of the American presence-both military and civilian-from Saudi Arabia and the entire Gulf region. Bin Laden and the WIF (World Islamic Front for the Fight against Jews and Crusaders) he created did not forget what they saw as crimes and wrongs done to the Muslim nation: "the blood spilled in Palestine and Iraq…. the massacre of Qana, in Lebanon… and the massacres in Tajikistan, Burma, Kashmir, Assam, the Philippines, Fatani, Ogadin, Somalia, Eritrea, Chechnia, and in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Yet it is worth noting that the Palestinian issue was given no special prominence. According to Abdel-Bari Atwan, editor of the London-based al-Quds al-Arabi, bin Laden "has been criticized in the Arab world for focusing on such places as Afghanistan and Bosnia-Herzegovina, and [he] is therefore starting to concentrate more on the Palestinian issue."
Following the destruction of al-Qaida's bases in Afghanistan, the al-Qaida leaders Osama bin Laden and Ayaman al-Zawahiri mentioned Palestine more and more in their released videos and audios as a top priority and in parallel there was a sharp increase in attacks by jihadist groups against Jewish and Israeli targets.
On May 16, 2003, 15 suicide bombers attacked five targets in Casablanca, Morocco, killing 43 persons and wounding 100. The targets were a Spanish restaurant, a Jewish community center, a Jewish cemetery, a hotel, and the Belgian Consulate. The Moroccan Government blamed the Islamist al-Assirat al-Moustaquim (The Righteous Path), but foreign commentators suspected an al-Qaida connection.
On November 15, 2003, two suicide truck bombs exploded outside the Neve Shalom and Beth Israel synagogues in Istanbul, killing 25 persons and wounding at least another 300. The initial claim of responsibility came from a Turkish militant group, the Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front, but Turkish authorities suspected an al-Qaida connection.
On November 28, 2002, at least 15 people died in the first suicide attack by al-Qaida against an Israeli target: an Israeli-owned hotel in Mombassa, Kenya. A large part of the Paradise Hotel was reduced to rubble and nine Kenyans and three Israelis were killed. A parallel attempt to fire two missiles at an Israeli holiday jet (an Arkia airline plane-a Boeing 757 carrying 261 passengers) that had taken off from the city's airport-failed.
The reason for this sudden interest in Jewish and Israeli targets was most likely the result of al-Qaida's and associates groups' attempts to bandwagon what was considered at that stage a very successful violent al-Aqsa intifada by Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and other Palestinian groups. On the one hand, it permitted them to claim their support to the Palestinian people, but at the same time it created an anti-Jewish and anti-Israeli terrorist campaign which would attract more solidarity and support from the Arab and Muslim masses and possibly attract more young recruits to their ranks. More recently, in August 2005, four Israeli cruise ships carrying a total of 3,500 tourists scheduled to dock in the Mediterranean Turkish resort of Antalya were rerouted to the island of Cyprus by the Israeli authorities due to fear of a terrorist attack. A Syrian citizen named Louai Sakra was arrested for plotting to slam speedboats packed with explosives into the cruise ships filled with Israeli tourists.
… [I]n the context of the Islamic Jihad by our mujahideen brothers of al-Qa'ida's World Organization against the Jews and Crusaders. We declare that the Brigades are not a new or passing organization on the land of Palestine, but a [true] believer spirit that urges on the mujahideen to make themselves into a single rank.
In September 2005, Mahmoud Waridat, a West Bank Palestinian arrested in July the same year, was charged by IDF prosecutors with undergoing training at an Qaida camp in Afghanistan in the summer of 2001, though it was said the defendant later declined an offer to join bin Laden's global network. A leaflet distributed in Khan Yunis in October 2005 by al-Qaida Jihad in Palestine announced that the terrorist group had begun working towards uniting the Muslims under one Islamic state, the only way for Muslims to achieve victory over their enemies. The leaflet is the latest indication of al-Qaida's effort to establish itself in the Gaza Strip after the Israeli withdrawal from the area. On the eve of the disengagement, a number of rockets were fired at the former settlements of Neveh Dekalim and Ganei Tal. An announcement claiming responsibility on behalf of al-Qaida members in the Gaza Strip was made by three masked gunmen who appeared in a videotape. Al-Qaida's new on-line television channel branded PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas a "collaborator with the Jews," accusing him of assisting Israel in its war on Hamas.
Although from the beginning of the war in Iraq and its immediate aftermath many Islamist groups were involved in the fighting against the US and coalition forces, the Jordanian-Palestinian terrorist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was considered to be the most dangerous leader of the most dangerous group connected with al-Qaida. At some point, most likely after the occupation of Iraq in April 2003, he split from Ansar al-Islam and created his own organization, which he called al-Tawheed wal Jihad (Monotheism and Jihad). The successes of the Zarqawi group during the two and a half years of terrorist and guerrilla activity and the continuation of their painful strikes against the coalition forces and primarily against the officials and security forces of the new Iraqi government has attracted more and more groups and volunteers to his ranks. Although for a long time he was considered the representative of al-Qaida in Iraq, it was only in December 2004 that his allegiance to bin Laden and al-Qaida materialized.
According to Zawahiri, the jihadists in Iraq under Zarqawi's leadership should act in several stages: first, expel the Americans from Iraq; then establish an Islamic authority or emirate; the third stage would extend the jihad to the secular countries neighboring Iraq. Only in the fourth stage, which could be parallel to the third one, the jihadists will "clash with Israel, because Israel was established only to challenge any new Islamic entity."
According to a book published in July 2005 by Fuad Husayn, the future strategy of Abu-Mus'ab al-Zarqawi is based on expanding the conflict with the United States and Israel and involving new parties in it. Simultaneously, a broad-based Islamic jihadist movement "will assume responsibility for changing the circumstances that have long prevailed in the region and for establishing an Islamic caliphate state in seven stages with Iraq as its base." Zarqawi's enmity toward the United States and Israel was very obvious since both countries represented the forces of atheism and oppression against justice. He said that he did not fear their number, weapons, or alliance with other forces of evil against Muslims.
the Salafi-jihadists in Iraq, led by al-Zarqawi, see the Iraq conflict "as a springboard for a wider regional conflict that has as its central aim uprooting the current political order in the region."
In a message from Zarqawi to members of his Bani-Hasan tribe, he called on his cousins to strive to raise the banner of Islam and initiate jihad against everyone who stands in the way of fighting the Israeli occupiers of Palestine. Declaring that his clan had roots in Jerusalem, Zarqawi said: "It is your glory and pride and the glory of your fathers and forefathers who had the honor to fight alongside other tribes under the banner of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in Hittin to liberate Jerusalem…Protect Jerusalem. It is the place from where your great grandfather ascended to heaven."
In his address to the Islamic nation in April 2004, Zarqawi said that the US invasion had the objectives of keeping the Islamic nation in an endless state of weakness and defending Israel's security and eliminate every possible threat against it. Al-Qaida decided that its ultimate priority was to embark on a direct confrontation with Jews in Palestine in the near future, which will win it the support of all Arabs and Muslims. Al-Qaida believes there is a substantial link between the ruling Arab regimes and the state of Israel and therefore an attack on Israel would weaken these regimes.
Turkey, located north of Iraq, is viewed as the most important Islamic state because of its great economic and human resources and significant strategic location. Zarqawi believes that Turkey lacks self-determination and freedom because "the Jews of Dunma" control the army and the economy and are the real powerbrokers in the country. Therefore, Turkey's return to the ranks of the nation "will not happen unless a powerful strike is dealt to the Jewish presence in that country." Al-Qaida's current strategy is to infiltrate Turkey slowly and postpone major operations there until major gains are made in Iraq.
Iran is the second country that al-Qaida seeks to involve in this conflict. Zarqawi evaluates that the US-Israeli confrontation with Iran is inevitable and could succeed in an attack on its nuclear infrastructure. Accordingly, the Iranian regime is preparing to retaliate and expand the area of the war, but it could lose its ability to control the situation.
Consequently, Zarqawi is drawing up a plan which would include the passage of Taliban supporters from Afghanistan through Iran to Iraq, the free movement of thousands of Zarqawi's people through the territory of a weakened Syrian regime and the opportunity to infiltrate into Lebanon [author's emphasis]. The situation in Lebanon will not remain stable, as the Sunnis in Lebanon and Syria are supportive of al-Qaida's doctrine. Al-Qaida, therefore, has the potential and resources to infiltrate into Syria and Lebanon in the event of an attack on Iran.
According to al-Qaida's "intellectuals," the occupation of Baghdad on 9 April 2003 initiated an "eye-opening stage" which will last until the end of 2006. During this stage, al-Qaida aims "to prolong the confrontation with the enemy," since "it views such a confrontation as a victory, regardless of the consequences," during which it will transform itself from "a network into a mushrooming invincible and popular trend." During this stage, the second generation of leaders within al-Qaida plans to engage in direct confrontation with the State of Israel in Palestine [author's emphasis]; burn Arab oil and deprive the West and proxy regimes of benefiting from oil revenues; prepare for the stage of electronic jihad via the Internet; proceed with the establishment of power in vital areas of the Arab and Islamic world; take Iraq as a base to build a new army of jihad to be redeployed in neighboring countries.
Al-Qaida ideologues give themselves a time frame of approximately three years to carry out the next stage, from the beginning of 2007 to the beginning of 2010, during which "the focus will be on Al-Sham." By the end of this stage, Al-Qa'ida will have completed its preparations to engage in direct clashes with the State of Israel, both in Palestine and on Israel's border.
In Husayn's detailed analysis, there are seven stages in al-Qaida's strategy, from the first "awakening" stage of 9/11 to the final one beginning in 2016, immediately after the establishment of an Islamic state, which "will be the outset of the all-out confrontation between the forces of faith and the forces of global atheism." However there are some contradictions concerning the goals and foreseeable events in each stage, which are not meaningful to be discussed here.
The significant thing in this analysis is the importance Zarqawi and other al-Qaida strategists attach to their direct involvement in the fight against Israel, the necessity to infiltrate a weakened Syria and Lebanon and attack Israel through the Lebanese border. This strategy is also based on a predicted change in Iran's strategy in the region following a foreseeable US and/or Israeli attack against its nuclear installations.
Interestingly, in his last letter to Zarqawi, Zawahiri stresses that "more than one hundred prisoners - many of whom are from the [al-Qaida] leadership who are wanted in their countries - [are] in the custody of the Iranians." Zarqawi's attacks against the Shia in Iraq could compel "the Iranians to take counter measures." Therefore, al-Qaida "and the Iranians need to refrain from harming each other at this time in which the Americans are targeting" them.
In the months since Husayn's book was published, significant changes have taken place in the region that could have hastened the implementation of the aforementioned al-Qaida strategy: the Syrian regime is each day weaker and cracks appear in its ranks after the publication of the UN inquiries in the assassination of Rafik Hariri; the Lebanese arena is boiling and there are greater pressures to disarm Hizballah; and more significantly the hour of the confrontation between the Iranian regime and the international community on the nuclear issue is approaching.
On this background, although it is still possible that Hizballah or one of its Palestinian allies were behind the December 27 bombing of northern Israel, the claiming of responsibility by Zarqawi's al-Qaida Committee in Mesopotamia should be taken seriously. It is possible that the stage of al-Qaida and Iran refraining "from harming each other" has already passed and the moment has arrived when the Iranian regime, in coordination with Assad's regime or Hizballah, have decided to give a free hand to al-Qaida to do their "dirty work" for them.
 See Erik Schechter, 'Did al-Qaida hit Kiryat Shemona?' Jerusalem Post, December 29, 2005.
 See Ely Karmon, "Terrorism a la Bin Ladin is not a Peace Process Problem," PolicyWatch, No. 347, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 1998.
 See "Letter from al-Zawahiri to al-Zarqawi," ODNI News Release No. 2-05, October 11, 2005, at http://www.dni.gov/letter_in_english.pdf. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence released the letter dated July 9, 2005, obtained during counterterrorism operations in Iraq.
 This sub-chapter is largely based on citations from a book by a Jordanian journalist who is considered to be an expert in Zarqawi's life and activity. See Fuad Husayn, The Second Generation of Al-Qaida, a serialized book on Al Zarqawi and Al-Qaida published by the London al-Quds al-'Arabi, July 11, 2005. See also Yassin Musharbash, "What al-Qaida Really Wants," Spiegel Online, August 12, 2005, at: http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,369448,00.html.
 See Murad Al-Shishani, 'Al-Zarqawi's Rise to Power: Analyzing Tactics and Targets,' Terrorism Monitor, Jamestown Foundation, Vol. 3, No. 22, November 17, 2005.
 Fuad Husayn, The Second Generation of Al-Qaida.
 Donmeh (dönme) is a Turkish word for a religious convert. It refers to a group of Jews of the Near East who followed Shabbatai Zvi and converted to Islam in 1666. Zvi's conversion is generally understood to have been forced. While outwardly Muslim, the Donmeh secretly remained Jews, continued to practice Jewish rituals covertly and worshipped Shabbatai Zvi as the Messiah. Some of the original Donmeh were Muslims who were converted to Sabbatianism. Several Donmeh were among the Young Turks, Turkish intellectuals who tried to reform the Ottoman Empire. They strongly supported the pro-Western and secular reforms of Kemal Ataturk, an attitude that bolstered the suspicions of Islamists towards them. See at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbatai_Zvi.
 See Letter from al-Zawahiri to al-Zarqawi.


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APPLICATIONS FOR 2019 ROSE QUEEN PAGEANTS ARE LIVE!
Now accepting applications for residents of Thomasville/Thomas County who are, or will be, 16 years of age by June 15, 2019. Eligible applicants must be a rising Junior or rising Senior in the 2019-2020 school year. The complete application, including rehearsal information and a list of required supporting documents is included in the embedded pdf below. Please download and review the information before submitting the online application as additional information is required beyond the Google form!
Applications are due April 26, 2019 - Paper applications may be returned to Mariam Mirabzadeh at the Thomasville Center for the Arts. The preliminary online application is also available but all contestants must submit the full application and supporting documentation linked below.
We will be holding an informational meeting for prospective Rose Queen Pageant contestants and their parents/guardians April 16, 2019 at 5pm at the Thomasville Center for the Arts.


We got that dreaded call the other night – "we were in an accident" – a scared, trembling voice came through the line and then the call dropped.
UGH – my stomach dropped to the floor.
My son was the passenger with friend who was driving home after an evening dance class.
It's autumn in Northeast, PA.
The country road was damp and covered with leaves.
One deer in the road, a tight and blind curve, and not enough time to stop for the car in front… and bam! The first car accident for both the driver and my son.
When my husband and I arrived on the scene, there was some confusion, lots of tension with the other driver and her passenger, and considerable ruminating by his friend – the driver… still in shock and disbelief that it had happened… so fast.
After talking with him a bit and simply standing by as the situation was resolved by the police and others involved, I was aware at how prevalent self talk is – and how difficult it is to control especially in the cases of high stress.
With a few warm hugs – and a few reminders to simply breathe… was what it took to get a little closer to feeling better. It was a chilly night and we had thrown some jackets in the car just in case.
When we had some time alone, while waiting for the police to arrive – I reminded both of them that they could put a pause on anything, even a serious situation like an accident, by simply pressing the pause button on their run-away emotions.
I LOVE the pause button, and used the metaphor with them that night to help both of them simply breathe, be in the moment, and try to let go of the ruminating self-talk (and more like self-abuse) manifesting verbally.
There is always stress that resonates after the accident… it's like a ripple effect of the energy that simply stops suddenly but doesn't have anywhere to go.
It reminds me of the ability we all have to put a 'pause' on anything that is feeling out of control.
The car is being fixed – and as the situation resolves, the ruminating has certainly quieted down.
I've asked the driver to work on forgiving himself.
Vehicles are fixable – and sometimes expensive.
Messes can get cleaned up.
Breakdowns bring to light what may be missing (in this case, potentially it may have to do with technical things like brake fluid, but likely it was simply not anticipating the possibility of a deer, and perhaps going too fast for the conditions).
Slow down when visibility is low and conditions are unpredictable.
Accidents usually cause the unexpected to happen – which is often trailed by a lot of inconvenience.
There are consequences to every single thing we do.
It's important to be in the moment and always have a contingency plan.
It's also been a gentle reminder for me to be grateful for each moment, and that we all have the need to heal from our mistakes… Healing starts with forgiving yourself first… and then accepting that each of us, even you mompreneur, is human and allowed to make mistakes.
What accidents have happened in your life or business? Do you need to press the pause button on anything that you are hung up on? Are there areas in your business where you need to move toward creating your list of lessons? Do you need to forgive yourself of anything before you can move on to the next thing? Please share your insights below.


The rate of long term unemployment in Estonia in 2018 was the lowest for 20 years, according to government agency Statistics Estonia, with the labour force also increasing in size.
The average unemployment rate for the whole year was 5.4% in 2018, the agency says, with the labour force participation rate 71.9%, and the employment rate standing at 68.1%.
A total of 702,400 persons were active in the labour market through 2018, a rise year-on-year (y-o-y) of 3,600, with the number of employed persons rising by a little over 6,000 to 664,700. Conversely, the annual average number of unemployed persons was 37,700, which is 2,600 less than in 2017, according to Statistics Estonia.
The incidence of long-term unemployed (those searching for employment for 12 months or longer) was 9,400, the lowest figure for 20 years, and a fall of just over 4,00 y-o-y, through 2018.
The breakdown by demographics also revealed an overall trend of falling unemployment, and hovers around the 5% mark in most age groups (4-5% for 25-49-year olds, and 5.2% in the 50-74-year-old age bracket). This is below the EU average unemployment rate of 7% in Q1-Q3, Statistics Estonia says.
However, youth (15-24-year-olds) unemployment is higher at 11.8%, though it fell y-o-y too.
Furthermore, under-employment, defined as a person who works part-time (see below) but is both available for and desirous of additional work within two weeks, rose by 2,600 to 7,300 persons through 2018, it is reported.
The number of under-employed persons has also increased. A person is underemployed if he/she works part-time but would like to work more and is available for additional work immediately (within two weeks). In 2018, the number of under-employed persons was 7,300, which is 2,600 more than in 2017.
The number of ''inactive'' persons on the labour market also continued to fall to 2018, standing at 274,300 in 2018. The largest sub-group here was the retired, close to 90,000, with studies, illness or disability, and maternity leave being the other main causes of workplace inactivity.
Part of the explanation of the rise is labour utilisation is an increase in part-time work, which reached a record high in 2018 at 82,000 part-time workers, nearly 11,000 more y-o-y.
When taking Q4 2018 in isolation, the unemployment figure is even lower, at 4.4% y-o-y, a 10 year low, says Statistics Estonia.
Statistics Estonia is a government agency under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance, and provides public institutions, business and research circles, international organisations and individuals with reliable and objective information on the economic, demographic, social and environmental situation and trends in Estonia.