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Justia Dockets & Filings Fourth Circuit West Virginia Southern District Gardiner et al v. Ethicon, Inc. et al Filing 33
Gardiner et al v. Ethicon, Inc. et al
ORDER granting 30 MOTION by Ethicon, Inc., Ethicon, LLC, Johnson & Johnson to Dismiss for Failure to Timely Effect Service of Process; because there remains other defendants in this case that did not join the motion to dismiss, the court ORDERS that only Ethicon, Inc., Ethicon, LLC and Johnson & Johnson be DISMISSED from this case without prejudice. Signed by Judge Joseph R. Goodwin on 12/11/2017. (cc: counsel of record; any unrepresented party) (kp)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA CHARLESTON DIVISION IN RE: ETHICON, INC. PELVIC REPAIR SYSTEM PRODUCTS LIABILITY LITIGATION MDL 2327 THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO: Gardiner, et al. v. Ethicon, Inc., et al. Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-22370 ORDER Pending is a Motion to Dismiss for Failure to Timely Effect Service of Process, filed by defendants Ethicon, Inc. and Johnson & Johnson1 on October 5, 2017 ("Motion"). [ECF No. 30]. For the reasons stated below, the Motion is GRANTED. I. Background This case resides in one of seven MDLs assigned to me by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. In the seven MDLs, there are approximately 28,000 cases currently pending, over 17,000 of which are in the Ethicon, Inc. MDL, MDL 2327. Managing the MDLs requires the court to streamline certain litigation procedures in order to improve efficiency for the parties and the court. Some of these management techniques simplify the parties' responsibilities. As used herein, Ethicon, Inc. and Johnson & Johnson includes any of these entities former or present parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliated companies, directors, officers, design surgeons, employees, distributors, or detail representatives named in an action pending in MDL No. 2327. 1 For instance, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require a plaintiff to serve the defendant a summons and a copy of the complaint. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(1). However, in this MDL, the defendants agreed to waive formal service of process as long as the plaintiff sends by email or certified mail "the short form complaint and, if in their possession, a sticker page or other medical record identifying the product(s) at issue in the case." See Pretrial Order #20, In re: Ethicon, Inc. Pelvic Repair System Products Liability Litigation, No. 2:12-md- 2327, http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/ethicon/pdfs/PTO_20.pdf. Thus, the court excused the plaintiffs from formally serving process on the defendants here, if they completed this simple procedure. Nevertheless, the plaintiffs in this case failed to effectuate service by either method within the time allotted under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m).2 II. Analysis The defendants move to dismiss this case for insufficient service of process under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(5). Rule 4(m), which governs the sufficiency of service of process, provides: If a defendant is not served within 120 days after the complaint is filed, the court—on motion or on its own after notice to the plaintiff—must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made within a specified time. But if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the court must extend the time for service for an appropriate period. Here, the plaintiffs filed their complaint with the court on July 12, 2013 Any reference to rule 4(m) is to the 1993 version in effect at the time the plaintiffs filed the complaint with this court. 2 2 (Complaint [ECF No. 1]). Therefore, the plaintiffs were required to either serve the defendants under Rule 4 or comply with Pretrial Order # 20 by approximately November 11, 2013, but never effectuated service by either method. (Defs.' Mot. to Dismiss [ECF No. 30]). In the instant Motion, the defendants are seeking their dismissal from this case pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(5) and 4(m). The deadline to file a Response to the Motion has passed and, as of the date of this order, the plaintiffs have still not filed a Response. As a result, the court ORDERS that the Motion to Dismiss for Failure to Timely Effect Service of Process, filed by defendants Ethicon, Inc. and Johnson & Johnson, is GRANTED. See Osborne v. Long , 2012 WL 851106, at *10 n.5 (S.D. W. Va. 2012) (referencing authority for the proposition that federal courts may grant a motion to dismiss without reaching the merits on the grounds that the plaintiff's failure to respond operates as a concession to that motion, or that dismissal is appropriate as a sanction for failure to prosecute) (citing Fox v. American Airlines, Inc., 389 F.3d 1291, 1294–1295 (D.C. Cir. 2004); Pomerleau v. West Springfield Public Schools, 362 F.3d 143, 145 (1st Cir. 2004); Stackhouse v. Mazurkiewicz, 951 F.2d 29, 30 (3d Cir. 1991)). Because there remains other defendants in this case that did not join the motion to dismiss, the court ORDERS that only Ethicon, Inc., Ethicon, LLC and Johnson & Johnson be DISMISSED from this case without prejudice. The court DIRECTS the Clerk to send a copy of this Order to counsel of record and any unrepresented party ENTER: December 11, 2017 3


Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger claimed his side were "a bit unlucky" after a 2-1 defeat by Dinamo Zagreb in their Champions League opener.
Wenger made six changes for the game after Saturday's Premier League win over Stoke.
Striker Olivier Giroud was sent off after 40 minutes and Wenger also blamed "exceptional circumstances".
Arsenal went behind to an Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain own goal before Giroud's dismissal for picking up two bookings.
The France international was cautioned for dissent by Romanian referee Ovidiu Hategan before a second yellow card for a foul on Ivo Pinto.
"We were not at our best, but nor was the referee," added Wenger.
"The first yellow is Giroud's fault because he protested, even if it was not a foul against him.
"The second yellow card, he is unlucky to touch the guy - he did not see him. It was accidental completely, but it happened.
"I don't understand the referee. It has to be on purpose, a foul on purpose. Then the referee should have given many yellows."
Wenger dropped keeper Petr Cech, left-back Nacho Monreal, midfielder Francis Coquelin and forward Theo Walcott to the bench for the game, while midfielder Aaron Ramsey and right-back Hector Bellerin were not in the squad.
"When you don't win the game you have to look at yourself and think you haven't got it right," said Wenger, whose side travel to Chelsea in the Premier League on Saturday.
"I don't believe the players who came in had a bad game but it didn't work.
"I have to analyse that well. It is very difficult to give a definite answer straight after the game."
Arsenal began the Premier League season with a 2-0 defeat by West Ham and have again made a losing start to their Champions League campaign following a 2-0 defeat by Borussia Dortmund this time last year.
However, Wenger - who did not sign one outfield player during the summer - is still confident his side can qualify from a group currently topped by Bayern Munich after their win over Olympiakos.
He added: "Mathematically, we can qualify without any problem if we produce our performances that we want at home."


I found a really cool CSS animation text effect that, with the right mindset could have many use-cases. My view is it looks great as a horror-themed effect, the shaky text gives me the feeling that somethings going wrong! Believe it or not, the animation in this article is made from pure CSS3, nothing less and nothing more.
The CSS-code makes use of the transform: skewX style six times in total, rapidly transforming the text back and forth in the degrees specified. See the CodePen below for yourself.
See the code below that is used to deliver this effect to your web page. Note, it uses the @keyframes rule which you may or may not want to read about.
Includes - Scope, closures, prototypes, this, build your own framework, and more.
Average Rating 4.7/5 ⭐ from over 29,000 students!
Just for the fun of it, I decided to fork this CodePen and make a horror-style theme with the effect. By changing the Google font to 'Creepster' that can be found on Google's font selection and changing the colors into a Halloween theme it looks great!
Another way to use this would be a great way to simulate that your computer has been taking over. Let's see what we can do with the CodePen.
Imagine logging on to a website and seeing this message, i'm pretty sure i'd leave immediately!
Hopefully some of you imaginative developers will find some great uses for this effect. The credit for the original creator of this effect goes to Raul Dronca, check him out on twitter!


If there is a song you'd like to play on the piano but you don't know how, then you can either:a) figure it out by ear; b) buy the sheet music; or c) try to find it online.
You'll be happy to know that the internet has an incredible amount of simplified sheet music, either in the form of chord sheets or tabulature, a type of simplified notation that guitar players use.
Real sheet music of popular songs is seldom available for free. However, if we can find the chords (and the lyrics if you want to sing along) then we're already half-way there.
To find the chords for a song, I just type the name of the song and the artist into Google, followed by the words chords and tabs.
Usually you'll get several matches of "sheet music" that other enthusiasts have already transcribed. Typically, this contains only the chord symbols and the lyrics — just what we need. And it's free (although not necessarily correct!).
Quick explanation: This part of the song only has three different chords: the C major chord (C), the G major chord with a B bass note (notated as G/B), and the A minor 7th chord (Am7). Excellent!
TIP: Check out the collection of so-called "fake books" in your public library. A fake book contains simplified sheet music called lead sheets, which list the chords, the lyrics, and the vocal melody for a song. Most songs can be found in a fake book somewhere.
Another place to look for free sheet music is keyboard and guitar magazines, which often have sheet music for a handful of songs each issue.
What a great website for piano learners! Very informative and generous.
I soooo appreciate what you have done for us, the piano learners.
Thanks a million. i find most of ur articles very useful, informative, educative, enlightening and inspiring. pls do not relent on ur efforts. Thanks again.
It really look good. One dream Tool Google chords and Tabs.


text:
PDF2 PDF |Add To My Favorites | Version: 04/07/16 - Amended Assembly 01/13/16 - Introduced
AB-1657 Air pollution: public ports and intermodal terminals.(2015-2016)
AB1657:v98#DOCUMENT
Amended IN Assembly April 07, 2016
Assembly Bill
Introduced by Assembly Member O'Donnell
An act to add Chapter 4.3 (commencing with Section 39740) to Part 2 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, and to add Chapter 8.9 (commencing with Section 25790) to Division 15 of the Public Resources Code, relating to air pollution, and declaring the urgency thereof, to take effect immediately.
AB 1657, as amended, O'Donnell. Air pollution: public ports and intermodal terminals.
(1) The California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 designates the State Air Resources Board as the state agency charged with monitoring and regulating sources of emissions of greenhouse gases. The act authorizes the state board to include the use of market-based compliance mechanisms. Existing law requires all moneys, except for fines and penalties, collected by the state board as part of a market-based compliance mechanism to be deposited in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund and to be available upon appropriation.
This bill would establish the Zero- and Near-Zero-Emission Intermodal Terminals Program to be administered by the state board to fund equipment upgrades and investments at intermodal terminals, as defined, to help transition the state's freight system to be zero-emission zero- and near-zero-emission operations. The bill would authorize the program to be implemented with moneys from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.
(2) Existing law establishes the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission and requires the commission to administer various programs to award grants and other financial assistance for energy-related projects.
This bill would establish the Port Building and Lighting Efficiency Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Program to be administered by the commission for the purpose of funding energy efficiency upgrades and investments at public ports that help reduce electrical load and increase on-site onsite renewable generation. The bill would authorize the program to be implemented with moneys from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.
(3) This bill would declare that it is to take effect immediately as an urgency statute.
Vote: 2/3 Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: NO
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
Chapter 4.3 (commencing with Section 39740) is added to Part 2 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, to read:
CHAPTER 4.3. Zero- and Near-Zero-Emission Intermodal Terminals Program
For purposes of this section, "intermodal terminal" has the same meaning as defined in the California Freight Mobility Plan developed by the Transportation Agency.
(a) The Zero- and Near-Zero-Emission Intermodal Terminals Program is hereby established to be administered by the state board to fund equipment upgrades and investments at intermodal terminals to help transition the state's freight system to be zero-emission zero- and near-zero-emission operations.
(b) Moneys from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, created pursuant to Section 16428.8 of the Government Code, shall be available, upon appropriation by the Legislature, to implement this chapter consistent with paragraph (1) (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 39712.
(a) Eligible projects shall include, but need not be limited to, any of the following:
(1) The early deployment of zero-emission zero- and near-zero-emission equipment that handles the transfer of cargo at intermodal terminals.
(2) The installation of infrastructure necessary for the deployment of zero-emission zero- and near-zero-emission equipment, including, but not limited to, fueling infrastructure at intermodal terminals.
(3) Other projects that facilitate the transition of cargo handling equipment to zero-emission zero- and near-zero-emission equipment.
(b) Eligible projects shall not include vessel upgrades.
The state board shall develop and adopt program guidelines that do all of the following:
(a) Are consistent with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Division 25.5 (commencing with Section 38500)) and the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Investment Plan and Communities Revitalization Act (Chapter 4.1 (commencing with Section 39710)).
(b) Include baseline equipment eligibility with respect to the types of equipment that will satisfy the zero-emission zero- and near-zero-emission requirement, subject to feasibility requirements adopted by the state board.
(c) Establish limits on award amounts so that no one project or entity receives more than 50 percent of the program funding.
(d) Ensure moneys are allocated on a competitive basis for projects that are shown to achieve the greatest greenhouse gas emissions reductions not otherwise required by statute or regulation.
In allocating moneys pursuant to this chapter, the state board shall consider all of the following:
(a) The impact of the investment on freight system efficiency.
(b) The degree to which the investment facilitates transition of the freight system to zero or near-zero emissions.
(c) The impact on the cost and competitiveness of the state's freight sector.
(d) The reduction of greenhouse gases.
Chapter 8.9 (commencing with Section 25790) is added to Division 15 of the Public Resources Code, to read:
CHAPTER 8.9. Port Building and Lighting Efficiency Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Program
(a) The Port Building and Lighting Efficiency Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Program is hereby established to be administered by the commission for the purpose of funding energy efficiency upgrades and investments at public ports that help reduce electrical load and increase on-site onsite renewable generation.
(b) Moneys from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, created pursuant to Section 16428.8 of the Government Code, shall be available, upon appropriation by the Legislature, to implement this chapter consistent with paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 39712 of the Health and Safety Code.
(1) The installation of renewable technologies at marine terminals and at warehouses and other freight facilities at public ports.
(2) The replacement of conventional lighting at public ports.
(3) The implementation of energy efficiency measures that reduce grid-based energy demand from operations at public ports.
(4) Other projects that add to the electrification of public ports and reduce greenhouse gases.
The commission shall develop and adopt program guidelines that are consistent with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Division 25.5 (commencing with Section 38500)). 38500) of the Health and Safety Code) and the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Investment Plan and Communities Revitalization Act (Chapter 4.1 (commencing with Section 39710) of Part 2 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code).
(a) To receive funding pursuant to this chapter, all of the following shall occur:
(1) A public port shall develop and adopt, in consultation with the respective electrical corporation, as defined in Section 218 of the Public Utilities Code, or local publicly owned electric utility, as defined in Section 224.3 of the Public Utilities Code, providing service to the port, an energy plan that meets all of the following criteria:
(A) (i) Is reviewed and approved by the commission.
(ii) The commission shall require any proposed changes to be made before approving the plan.
(B) Adheres to the state's preferred energy loading order and requires benchmarking for energy retrofit projects and the reporting of measurable energy savings.
(2) The project applicant shall demonstrate that the project will achieve a reduction in greenhouse gases.
(b) In prioritizing projects for awarding funding, the commission shall consider the extent to which a project would reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and provide environmental and public health cobenefits, including, but not limited to, improved air and water quality.
(c) The commission shall allocate moneys on a competitive basis for projects that are shown to achieve the greatest greenhouse gas emissions reductions not otherwise required by statute or regulation.
This act is an urgency statute necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety within the meaning of Article IV of the Constitution and shall go into immediate effect. The facts constituting the necessity are:
In order to implement at the earliest possible time programs to provide incentives for the transition of goods movement equipment to zero- and near-zero-emission technology and the reduction of greenhouse gases at public ports, it is necessary for this act to take effect immediately.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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History in a botttle
Decanter Staff April 1, 2002
Haut-Brion is the oldest wine-producing estate in Bordeaux. CLIVE COATES MW looks at its history and tastes the wines
It is frequently but erroneously supposed that the famous 1855 classification of Bordeaux wines was a classification of the Médoc only, with Château Haut-Brion from Pessac-Léognan somehow muscling in because it was too prestigious to be left out. This is untrue. It was a list of the best wines of the entire Bordeaux area, and if no St-Emilions or Pomerols appear, and indeed no other Graves, it was because they were not considered good enough, nor fetched high enough prices.Haut-Brion did make it on to the list, as one of five first growths, and it can claim to be the oldest wine-producing estate in the Bordeaux area. Not only was it the first to establish itself, fetching a much higher price than the other first growths for up to a century after, but it is the first single property Bordeaux wine to be mentioned in English literature or any other records.
This is Samuel Pepys's diary, on 10 April 1663: '…to the Royal Oake Taverne… And here drank a sort of French wine called Ho Bryan, that hath a good and most particular taste that I never met with.'
Pepys several times refers to claret in his diary, denoting that several alternatives were on offer, but nowhere to any other Bordeaux wine by name.
Haut-brion in history
The wine at the time was commonly known as Pontac after the owner though, as the Pontac family were extensive vineyard owners – owning Château de Pez in St-Estèphe among other domaines – not all the wine sold as Pontac was in fact Haut-Brion. Pontac, at the end of the 17th century, was almost a generic word for claret in England. Richard Ames, in a rather affected poem called 'The Search after Claret' (1691) refers to, 'sprightly Pontac… the best of the sort', no doubt referring to the specific wine, but Joseph Addison in The Tatler in 1708, in a piece about wine fakers, uses the word as a synonym for good Bordeaux. (The resultant homemade brew was tasted by Addison's cat which was 'flung into freakish tricks, quite contrary to her usual gravity').
Haut-Brion or Pontac is mentioned by Dryden, Defoe, Swift and John Evelyn. More interestingly, the property was actually visited by John Locke on 14 May 1677. He wrote: 'It is a little rise of ground open to the west, in a white sand mixed with gravel; scarce fitting to bear anything. The vines are trained, some to stakes, some to lathes… The yield [is] 50 tuns which sells for 105 ecus a tun… Some years since [it used to be] 50 or 60 ecus, but the fashionable, sending over orders to have the best wine sent them at any rate, have by striving who should get it, brought it up to that price.'
How did Haut-Brion and the other Pontac wines come to be so well known in London?
In the early 1660s the proprietor was Arnaud de Pontac, among other things a member of the local legislative council, or parliament. His son was François-Auguste, a man who, according to Alexis Lichine, had 'neither the temperament nor the aptitude for the legislative life'. He was more interested in wines and the money he could make out of them.
London after the Restoration was a cosmopolitan place. The king had returned from exile in France where he had acquired a taste for many things French, including wine. Britain was a potentially lucrative export market for Pontac and his Bordeaux wines. In 1666, shortly after the Great Fire, Arnaud de Pontac sent François-Auguste to London to promote his wines, where he opened up a tavern called The Pontac's Head. According to André Simon, it soon became the most important fashionable eating house in the city. One could dine in great style for one or two guineas a head, including seven shillings for a bottle of Haut-Brion. Spanish or Portuguese wine, meanwhile, was a mere two shillings. It is suggested that Pontac may have also had an interest in the Royal Oak in Lombard Street, scene of Pepys' encounter with the wine.The Pontac's Head was not a nine-day wonder. It remained open until 1780 when it was demolished to make way for redevelopment. The future of Britain as Bordeaux's best customer for its best wines owes a lot to M de Pontac.
In June 1705 the London Gazette offered '230 hogsheads of "new" Pontac and Margoose' (sic) for sale, and in 1707 'new French Obrion claret'. The wine went for £60 a tun, while ordinary Bordeaux fetched £18. Top Bordeaux was already big business.
Between the Pontacs in the 1660s and the Dillons, who acquired the property in 1933, and are still the owners today, Haut-Brion passed through a number of hands. It was briefly owned by Talleyrand, foreign minister of France, in the first decade of the 19th century. Other aristocrats and financiers were involved. But in the early 1930s, following phylloxera, World War I and the depression, there were three atrocious vintages. Profitability was at an all-time low. Haut-Brion was put up for sale.The purchaser was Clarence Dillon, an American financier, and he paid 2,350,000FF, a little over £100,000 at the rate of exchange ruling at the time. Cheval Blanc, it is said, was also on the market, for the same reasonable price, and so was Ausone, but Dillon and his party got lost in the fog and never reached either of these two. He settled for Haut-Brion, now encircled by the expanding suburbs of Bordeaux.
the american touch.
In 1962, the company, Domaine Clarence Dillon SA, was transferred to Douglas Dillon, former US ambassador and finance minister under Kennedy, and the president is now his daughter Joan, Duchesse de Mouchy. Dillon senior died in 1979 at the age of 96, almost as old as his predecessor, Arnaud de Pontac, who is said to have lived to be 101.The last 60 years have seen an extensive programme of modernisation at Haut-Brion under the direction of the resident administrators, Georges Delmas, who arrived at Haut-Brion in 1921, and his son Jean-Bernard, the current director of affairs, who took over in 1960.
In 1961, Haut-Brion replaced its wooden fermentation vats with stainless steel. It was the pioneer in this respect among the top estates in the Bordeaux region. There were 12 vats, especially designed by Jean-Bernard Delmas himself. Unlike Latour, for example, whose vats were tall and
cylindrical, and installed two years later, Haut-Brion's were squat and measured roughly 3m3. Delmas' belief is that it is important for the macerating must to have as much contact with the marc as possible, but that one should avoid moving the marc around too much, as it gives the wine a herbal taste. In his view the
smaller, squatter vat gives a better result.
Ten years ago, following what one might call a trial run at neighbouring La Mission Haut-Brion, which the Dillons bought in 1983, and which is run in parallel, Jean-Bernard Delmas replaced the 1961 vats with new ones. They are still squat and cubic in shape, but one lies directly over a somewhat smaller second one. The wine is fermented in the top vat. When the time comes to run off the free juice from the marc of pips and skins one just has to open a tap. Hey presto! With no pumping necessary, the juice in the top vat is run off into the one below. 'Winemaking is a hands-off process,' says Delmas. 'The less manipulation the better.'
The reason Haut-Brion's white wine did not appear on the original Graves classification is that the production was so small that Dillon requested that it be left off. Three hectares are normally under vine, half Sauvignon and half Sémillon, and the wine is fermented and aged in new wood and bottled 14–16 months after the harvest. In 1977, two thirds of the vines were uprooted for replanting, so the average age is low. The quality of the wine, however, is very high indeed. Until the late 1980s, the only 'serious' (vinified in oak) white Graves were the triumvirate of Chevalier, Laville and Haut-Brion itself. Haut-Brion Blanc was usually the best of the three, equivalent quality to the best of grand cru Burgundy.
The Delmas Philosophy
Jean-Bernard Delmas is 66, and approaching retirement. He will be succeeded by his son Jean-Philippe. I asked Jean-Bernard to outline his winemaking methods. Green harvesting? 'We did this for the first time at Haut-Brion in 1987. The choice of the date is very important. The best results are obtained if you green-harvest half the crop just before véraison, leaving six bunches per vine. This will give you 45–50 hl/ha. Naturally the result will diminish the ratio of solid matter to juice in the must. So you'll need to do a saignée as well.'Fermentation temperatures? 'Essentially the winemaker has a choice. Lower
temperatures will favour the freshness and fruit in the wine; higher temperatures will give you a fatter wine, at the expense of the aromas. We find that 30?C gives us the perfect balance between the two. There are a number of techniques that are fashionable at the moment: leaving the fruit to get over-ripe, cold soaking, using enzymes to extract colour and polyphenols, fermenting at high temperatures for an exaggeratedly long time, malolactic in barrel, racking from new wood to new wood after malo, and so on. The results tend to be better with a Merlot-based wine than with a Cabernet one. 'Is this really Bordeaux? Personally I don't think so. Bordeaux is about harmony, soft tannins, silk rather than bulk, subtlety, elegance and the ability to age. These new-wave wines lack terroir definition, they could come from anywhere. And they dry out as they age.'
What is the difference between Haut-Brion and La Mission-Haut-Brion? 'The soil at La Mission is richer in humus, less stony. The wine in its youth is more obvious, more voluptuous. The soil at Haut-Brion is poorer. The wine needs work in its youth to see all the finesse and subtlety. It doesn't sing. But generally it is more complex, aromatically, and as it ages, more classy.'
The word to sum up the wine of Château Haut-Brion is elegance. One could also add charming and consistent. If Haut-Brion doesn't have the réclame of Lafite or Pétrus, or fetch the same sort of
astronomical prices at auction, that is the fault of the consumer. This ignorance is our good luck. On several occasions in recent vintage tastings, Haut-Brion has come out top. Moreover it is normally ready for drinking somewhat sooner than the bigger wines of Pauillac and Saint Julien. It is a wine I have regularly bought, and I confess it to be one of my favourites.
Clive Coates MW is author and publisher of monthly wine newsletter The Vine.
Written by CLIVE COATES MW


text:
The Universal Law of Attraction – How Many Universal Laws Are There Anyway?
Posted on Jul 11 2019 - 11:41am by Paul C. Lafferty
The Laws of Life
Think Not That I Am Come To Destroy The Law, or The Prophets, I Am Not Come To Destroy But To Fulfil
14 Spiritual Laws to Know and Use
The 7 Universal Laws, the Law of Attraction, the 12 Universal Laws of Success, the 6 Spiritual Laws of the Universe… All those terms, one talks about 6 Laws of the Universe, the other talks about 7 Universal Laws, yet other talks about 12 Laws of Success, I've even seen people talking about 21 Spiritual Laws of the Universe, or rather 21 subsidiaries Universal Laws. All sources of knowledge promise the same magic of manifesting and attracting all desires and dreams of people applying one or more of these Laws.
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Yet so few people are actually living their desires, dreams, and success. Despite all the available knowledge about the 7 Universal Laws, the Law of Attraction, the 12 Universal Laws of Success, the 6 Spiritual Laws of the Universe and the subsidiary Universal Laws or Spiritual Universal Laws, there's only a handful of people reaping the benefits that are promised to accompany the application of the Universal Law of Attraction or the interplay of Universal Laws in general.
So why don't all those people not 'attract what they desire', 'manifesting their dreams', or 'achieving the success they've always longed for'? Even the hundreds of thousands of people who have seen the movie 'The Secret', or the documentary 'What the Bleep Do We Know', or read the 'Attractor Factor' by Joe Vitale, or the Laws of Success by Napoleon Hill, or the 'Secrets of the Millionaire Mind' by T. Harv Eker, or any other popular self-help or self-improvement book, movie, film or other resource? One reason is that there's no such thing as "effortless attraction". As much as you'd like not having to put in any effort whatsoever, there's always a bit of effort involved. But that's a subject for another time… But there's another, very important reason.
Here's what the problem is. People can't see the forest because of all the trees anymore. They completely lose track of the big picture. There's just too much information about the 6 or 7 Universal Laws, the Universal Law of Attraction, the 12 Laws of Success, and so on. People don't know which book, film, movie or other resources to pick. Are there 6 or 7 Universal Laws? Or are there 12 Universal Laws of Success? Or is there just 1 Law of Attraction? Or do you have to know about 21 Subsidiary Laws or Spiritual Laws or whatever?
Who's right? Well, in a way, none of them are right. Or all of them are right. It depends on how you look at it. Let's set this all straight.
The Universe is infinite. There are no boundaries and no limitations. As humans, we are aspects of this Universe. In one way, we are the Universe, in another, we are separate aspects of this Universe. This is not the time and place to get into the details of this, but if you want to learn more about this, scroll down and click the link in the bio box.
The truth is that our lives unfold through the application of Universal Laws, among which the Universal Law of Attraction. We can do this either consciously, or unconsciously (as most people do). If you do it unconsciously, life appears to be a series of 'accidents', and the big bad outside world appears to be making things hard for you in achieving your success.
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Indian Law Institute granted autonomy by way of UGC
However, as you apply the Universal Law of Attraction or the Universal Laws in general consciously, you can engineer your own success. You can set the stage for achieving your desires, and then act accordingly. The acting part is absolutely crucial, and this is where the effort comes in. But what's important for now, is that you need to be aware of the way in which the Universal Law of Attraction or the Universal Laws work together and the nuances of how they need to be applied.
So, how can all different sources be right? How can there be 6 and 7 Universal Laws at the same time? How can there simultaneously be 12 Laws of Success or 21 Subsidiary Laws of the Universe or Spiritual Laws of the Universe?
The answer is simple. Once again, the Universe is infinite. You can make things as complex as you like. Or as simple as you like for that matter. Make it more complex, and you can easily make up 21 Universal Laws, or 21 Subsidiary Laws. Make it a bit more simple and you can easily get to 12 Laws of Success. Or just stick to 7 Laws of the Universe. Every version may be potentially correct. What's important is to what extent a resource is right for you.
I always like to make things as least complicated as possible. It's not that I can't make things complicated. If you want I can give you at least 100 subsidiary laws of the universe, and call them spiritual or required to attract and manifest whatever it is you want. But that's not going to help you. A Universal Laws you need to remember, the more difficult you make things for yourself, and the less likely it becomes that you achieve all your desires and dreams.
True enough, just knowing about the Universal Law of Attraction isn't enough. There are some other Universal Laws to know about and understand if you want to apply the Universal Law of Attraction correctly. However, it doesn't help you if you must think about a whole bunch of additional Universal Laws, Subsidiary laws, spiritual laws, and so on all the time.
You know, there's a way around this whole mess of 7 Universal Laws, Subsidiary Laws of the Universe and Spiritual Laws of the Universe, 12 Laws of Success, every average Joe and Jill pretending to be an expert in the Universal Law of Attraction these days, and so on. You can just get yourself an extremely clear and straightforward description of just 6 Universal Laws, or Laws of the Universe if you like. One of these is the Universal Law of Attraction. The fact that there are only 5 others doesn't mean that this resource is less accurate or comprehensive than the 12 Laws of Success, or the 21 Subsidiary Laws of the Universe, or the 7 Universal Laws, or the '100 merry-go-round Spiritual Laws of the Universe Rolodex', or whatever fancy thing people come up with these days. There's too much information, a too complex web of knowledge these days already anyway, so the last thing you need is an even more complex and overly detailed description of the Laws of the Universe.
Discussing just 6 Universal Laws, or Laws of the Universe if you will, done in the right, clearest and most straightforward way possible, allows you to automatically cover any subsidiary Universal Law you or any other can possibly think of. These 6 Universal Laws are the main Laws of the Universe or the main Laws of Success. By pulling the levers on these main Laws, you'll automatically set the stage and create the circumstances for reaping more benefit than you can even imagine possible from your application of the Universal Law of Attraction alone.
And because you don't make things too hard on yourself by keeping things simple, you don't need more than that in the form of 12 Laws of Success or 21 Subsidiary Laws of the Universe, or 21 Spiritual Laws of the Universe, or whatever. You can just cut to the chase, apply the Universal Laws and the Universal Law of Attraction in the right way, covering any potential subsidiary law, and you'll create the life you've always wanted in the quickest and most straightforward way possible.
Give yourself a break, and make things easy on yourself for a change. It's been hard enough for long enough already. Apply the Universal Law of Attraction and the other main Laws of the Universe together in the right way, and start changing your life.


A synthetic doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population, SynDH1, derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid F1 hybrid plants obtained from the cross of hybrids Triticum turgidum ssp. durum line Langdon (LDN) and ssp. turgidum line AS313, with Aegilops tauschii ssp. tauschii accession AS60, was previously constructed. SynDH1 is a tetraploidization-hexaploid doubled haploid (DH) population because it contains recombinant A and B chromosomes from two different T. turgidum genotypes, while all the D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii are homogenous across the whole population. This paper reports the construction of a genetic map using this population.
Of the 606 markers used to assemble the genetic map, 588 (97%) were assigned to linkage groups. These included 513 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers, 72 simple sequence repeat (SSR), one insertion site-based polymorphism (ISBP), and two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers. These markers were assigned to the 14 chromosomes, covering 2048.79 cM, with a mean distance of 3.48 cM between adjacent markers. This map showed good coverage of the A and B genome chromosomes, apart from 3A, 5A, 6A, and 4B. Compared with previously reported maps, most shared markers showed highly consistent orders. This map was successfully used to identify five quantitative trait loci (QTL), including two for spikelet number on chromosomes 7A and 5B, two for spike length on 7A and 3B, and one for 1000-grain weight on 4B. However, differences in crossability QTL between the two T. turgidum parents may explain the segregation distortion regions on chromosomes 1A, 3B, and 6B.
A genetic map of T. turgidum including 588 markers was constructed using a synthetic doubled haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population. Five QTLs for three agronomic traits were identified from this population. However, more markers are needed to increase the density and resolution of this map in the future study.
Many important crops such as bread wheat, durum wheat, cotton, oat, coffee, and tobacco are allopolyploids. They originated from the merger of two or more distinct but related genomes, by interspecific hybridization and then genome doubling. Because the majority of accessions of ancestral species were not involved in speciation, many of their unique genes may not present in crops [1, 2]. Thus unraveling the genes coding for agronomically-important traits in ancestral species is important for crop improvement. The differences in polyploid levels between a crop and its ancestral species may cause differences in gene expression, especially for a quantitative trait locus (QTL). Therefore, genetic populations with the same ploidy level as a given crop are needed to analyze ancestral genes for crop improvement; however their construction is labor-intensive and time-consuming.
We recently developed a method for synthesizing doubled haploid (SynDH) populations specific for allopolyploid species . Triticum turgidum L. (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. (2n = 2x = 14, DD), the two ancestral species of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), were used to demonstrate the method. Unlike existing methods for producing DH populations, this method eliminates the need for in vitro culture for extracting haploids and/or chemical treatment for chromosome doubling. Moreover, genetic recombination at the hexaploid level can be restricted to the D genome (thus called diploidization-hexaploid SynDH) or A and B genomes (tetraploidization-hexaploid SynDH), making genetic analysis simpler . However, the effects of applying such a strategy to the construction of genetic maps are not clear.
The objectives of this study were to (i) develop a genetic map of the A and B genomes based on DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology), SSR (simple sequence repeat), ISBP (insertion site–based polymorphism), and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers using a tetraploidization-hexaploid SynDH population, (ii) assess the extent of segregation distortion, (iii) evaluate the quality of linkage maps constructed using this strategy by comparing with previously reported maps, and (iv) identify QTLs in this population.
Although this SynDH population was derived from the cross of three parents (LDN/AS313//AS60), all of the D chromosomes came from the single genotype AS60. Thus, segregation of this population was restricted to the A or B chromosomes, which came from the two different tetraploid parents, T. turgidum AS313 and LDN. Therefore, polymorphic markers between the two T. turgidum parents can be used in genetic mapping. A total of 606 polymorphic markers between T. turgidum AS313 and LDN were identified, including 521 DArT, 81 SSR, two ISBP, and two HMW-GS markers. These markers were used to genotype the SynDH population.
Of the 606 markers, 588 (97%) were included in the genetic map. They included 513 DArT (98%), 72 SSR (89%), one ISBP, and two HMW-GS markers (Table 1). These markers were assigned to 24 linkage groups on 14 chromosomes, giving a total map length of 2048.79 cM (Table 1). This map showed good coverage of the A and B genome chromosomes, apart from 3A, 5A, 6A, and 4B (Figure 1, 2). Map length of the A genome (796.18 cM) was shorter than that of the B genome (1252.61 cM). Chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 1B, 2B, 5B, 6B, and 7B were each represented by a single linkage group, while 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 3B, and 4B were each represented by two or more linkage groups (Figure 1, 2). The average length of these linkage groups was 146.34 cM, with a maximum of 263.48 cM, for 2B, and a minimum of 32.90 cM, for 4B. The average distance between markers on these linkage groups ranged from 1.12 cM for 6A to 5.95 cM for 7B. The overall average was 3.48 cM between any two markers across the linkage map (Table 1).
*Number of markers with segregation distortion is shown in parentheses.
**the mean density equal to L/(n-1) where n is the number of unique markers per chromosome length L.
Genetic linkage map of A genomes obtained using 113 doubled-haploid lines from the AS313/LDN//AS60 population. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of markers that are not present at each locus. Segregation distortion of markers are indicated by asterisks at significance levels of 0.05 (*), 0.01 (**), 0.005 (***), 0.001 (****), 0.0005 (*****), and 0.0001 (******). The black arrow indicates the point of separation between two different linkage groups. The scales on the left indicate distances in centiMorgans (Kosambi).
Genetic linkage map of B genomes obtained using 113 doubled haploid lines from the AS313/LDN//AS60 population. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of markers that are not present at each locus. Segregation distortion of markers are indicated by asterisks at significance levels of 0.05 (*), 0.01 (**), 0.005 (***), 0.001 (****), 0.0005 (*****), and 0.0001 (******). The black arrow indicates the point of separation between two different linkage groups. The scales on the left indicate distances in centiMorgans (Kosambi).
A total of five QTLs were identified in this population. Two QTLs, located on chromosomes 7A and 5B, were for spikelet number (Table 2). These two QTLs explained 19.2% and 10.2% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two QTLs, on 7A and 3B, for spike length explained 19.3% and 15.1% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The final QTL, on 4B, for 1000-grain weight explained 14.6% of the variance.
a Percentage of phenotypic variation explained by each QTL.
b indicates a positive or negative effect from the AS313 allele.
Of the genotypic data collected in this study, 49.8% of the alleles in the SynDH population were derived from AS313, 46.1% were from LDN, and the remaining 4.1% was missing data. The overall allele ratio between those from AS313 and LDN was not significantly different at a significance level of 5%. However, significant deviation was found for 70 (11.90%) out of the 588 markers. Of these, 28 (4.7%) were in favor of LDN and 42 (7.1%) were in favor of AS313 (Table 1; Figure 1), consisting of seven (9.72%) SSR and 63 (12.9%) DArT markers. These distorted markers were distributed on 11 of the 14 chromosomes (Figure 1, 2; Table 1). Among them, 13 were on chromosome 1A, 16 were on 3B, and 28 were on 6B. All of the distorted markers on 3B favored LDN alleles, while all of the 28 distorted markers on 6B favored AS313 alleles. Of the 13 distorted markers on 1A, ten favored AS313 alleles and the other three (wPt-6654, wPt-5577, and wPt-8245) favored LDN alleles (Figure 1).
To evaluate the quality of the genetic map developed in this study (SynDH1), locations of the shared markers were compared with those in the CIMMYT integrated map (CIMMYT) , durum wheat integrated map (C-L) , and triticale genetic map (S-M) . Discrepant marker orders were observed in some regions, mostly on chromosomes 1A and 2A. The order of the majority of shared markers was highly consistent among these four linkage maps (see Additional file 1). The comparison of chromosome 3B with the four linkage maps is shown in Figure 3. Furthermore, the genetic map of chromosome 3B from this study was also highly consistent with its physical map (Figure 3) [4–7].
Comparison of chromosome 3B maps. The SynDH1 map (SynDH1-3B) obtained in this study was compared with the physical map (physical-3B) , the CIMMYT-integrated map (CIMMYT-3B) , the durum wheat integrated map (C-L-3B) , and triticale genetic map (S-M-3B) . The scales on the left side indicate distances in cM (Kosambi). The black arrow indicates the point of separation between two different linkages. To reduce complexity, only markers shared between these maps are shown. Map comparison was performed using the JoinMap 4.0 program ].
The SynDH1 population used in this study was derived from the interspecific hybridization of T. turgidum with Ae. tauschii, followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling . We demonstrated in this study that such a population can be effectively used to generate genetic maps. This map has been successfully used to locate high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits on loci Glu-A1 and Glu-B1, and to identify five QTLs of three agronomic traits. However, this study identified as many as 24 linkage groups, which is significantly larger than the number of the 14 haploid chromosomes of the A and B genomes. To reduce the number of the linkage groups, additional markers are needed for a better covered, high-density map.
Low map coverage, duplicated marker loci, or segregation distortion can cause inconsistent marker order in genetic maps . Chromosome rearrangements (such as small translocations, deletions, and inversions) can also result in marker inconsistency . Compared to previously reported CIMMYT integrated map (CIMMYT) , durum wheat integrated map (C-L) , and triticale genetic map (S-M) , discrepant marker orders were observed in some regions, mostly on chromosomes 1A and 2A. According to the marker order in the genetic maps of these two chromosomes (see Additional file 1), these discrepancies appear to have been caused by chromosome inversions. In a recently reported genetic map for triticale, deletion of a fragment of chromosome 1A and translocation of 2A caused discrepancies in marker positions and order across populations .
Segregation distortion is a common phenomenon that can be influenced by factors affecting fertility of either gametes or zygotes . Environmental effects also affect segregation distortion and are assumed to influence gametophyte selection . Compared with F2 and DH, RILs (recombinant inbred lines) are more prone to segregation distortion because of repeated selective forces . Segregation distortion markers have been reported in common wheat [8, 12–15] and its two ancestral species of T. turgidum[16–20] and Ae. tauschii.
If a biological segregation distortion locus exists, the concerned locus and those flanking region would all deviate from the expected Mendelian segregation ratio . Therefore, biological segregation distortion affects a cluster of loci that form a segregation distorted region (SDR). Using the criterion of Paillard et al. , a SDR should contain at least three closely adjacent loci. Based on this criterion, SDRs were only found on chromosomes 1A, 3B, and 6B in this study (Figure 1, 2). Other distortion loci scattered along the chromosomes 3A, 4A, 7A, 1B, 2B, 4B, 5B, and 7B were likely a result of non-biological factors. The limited number of the SynDH lines used could be one of these factors.
Because all the F1 haploid hybrid plants from LDN/AS313//AS60 produced F2 doubled haploid plants , segregation distortion in the present study was most likely generated in the production process of the haploid hybrids by wide hybridization between T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii. Because no in vitro culture was applied during this interspecific hybridization procedure , its involvement in the segregation distortion can be ruled out. The production of conventional haploids via in vitro culture may lead to segregation distortion, because the ability of in vitro regeneration is genotype-dependent. When crossing T. turgidum with Ae. tauschii, different alleles of crossability QTL between LDN and AS313 may affect segregation differently. It is known that crossability genes control the ability of crossing between different species, and affect the seed-setting of interspecific crosses [23, 24]. Crossability can be promoted by recessive alleles and inhibited by dominant alleles. The inhibiting effect of chromosome 6B  and the promoting effect of 3B  on crossability in LDN may cause marker segregation favoring AS313 on 6B and LDN on 3B (Figure 2). Because Xgwm626 and Xbarc79 on chromosome 6B gave the most severe segregation distortions, and their flanking markers were all less skewed, the crossability QTL may be situated between these two markers. Likewise, a QTL affecting segregation may also exist near wPt-6945 on 3B. The distorted segregation favoring AS313 near wPt-3836 on 1A suggests that this genotype may have a recessive crossability QTL in this region . These results suggest that the distorted segregation in the SynDH population depends on variations in crossability alleles between the two T. turgidum parents. In this regard, genotypic effects on crossability need to be considered when using SynDH populations for genetic mapping.
A genetic map of T. turgidum including 588 markers was constructed using a synthetic doubled haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population, derived from the interspecific hybridization of T. turgidum with Ae. tauschii, followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling. This map has been successfully used to locate high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits on loci Glu-A1 and Glu-B1, and to identify five QTLs of three agronomic traits. However, more markers are needed to increase the density and resolution of this map in the future study. Moreover, the distorted segregation in the SynDH population may be caused by variations in crossability alleles between the two T. turgidum parents. In this regard, genotypic effects on crossability need to be considered when using SynDH populations for genetic mapping.
Plant materials used in this study included 113 synthesized doubled haploid (SynDH) lines and their parents, T. turgidum ssp. turgidum line AS313 and ssp. durum line Langdon, and Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii accession AS60. The procedure of SynDH was described previously by Zhang et al.. Briefly, the F1 hybrids between AS313 and LDN were pollinated by AS60. No embryo rescue technique or hormone treatment was applied during this interspecific hybridization procedure. The haploid interspecific hybrids were self-pollinated and SynDHs were produced by spontaneous chromosome doubling with the help of unreduced gametes . This SynDH population has recombinant A and B chromosomes between T. turgidum lines AS313 and LDN in a background of non-recombinant D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii AS60.
Field trials were conducted in the crop season of 2010–2011 at the Triticeae Research Institute experimental station in Wenjiang, Sichuan Province, China. Individual plants of the 113 SynDH lines were spaced 10 cm apart within 2 m long rows, and the row spacing was 30 cm. This experiment consisted of two replicates. Five agronomic traits (plant height, tiller number per plant, spike length, spikelet number, and 1000-grain weight) were evaluated from 10 random selected plants from each plot at maturity. Plant height (HT) was calculated as the average height in centimeters measured from the soil surface to the tip of the spike (awns excluded). Spike length (Sl), spikelet number (Spn), and 1000-grain weight were measured on 10 selected spikes from one line (usually the main spike per plant was chosen). Kernels from a sample of 10 spikes from each plot were threshed, counted, and weighed to calculate 1000-grain weight.
Two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) loci, Glu-A1 on 1AL and Glu-B1 on 1BL, were used for mapping .
A bulk leaf sample from five plants for each of the SynDH lines and parents was used for DNA isolation using the 2 × CTAB method . Fifty-nine ISBP (insertion site-based polymorphism) markers , and 539 SSR markers including 195 wmc[29, 30], 159 gwm, 113 barc, 49 gpw, 12 gdm, 8 cfd, 2 cfa, and 1 psp were selected to screen the parents. PCR amplifications were performed as described by Zhang et al. . The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide denaturing gels and visualized using the silver-staining method .
Genomic DNA from SynDH lines and their parents was sent to Triticarte (Yarralumla, Australia) for profiling using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) [38, 39]. The common wheat PstI (TaqI) v3.0 DArT array, which comprises 19,000 clones, was used. Of these clones, about 7000 are known to be polymorphic in a wide range of wheat cultivars, and about 3500 markers have been assigned to chromosomes using nulli-tetrasomic lines derived from Chinese Spring. Hybridization of genomic DNA to the DArT array, image analysis, and polymorphism scoring were carried out as previously described by Akbari et al. . DArTs are biallelic dominant markers. Each marker is scored for each sample: 0, 1, or -, where "-" indicates that the marker could not be reliably scored for that sample. DArT calls were converted into "A" (AS313), "B" (LDN), and "-" (missing data) by comparison against parental scores.
Segregation data were analyzed with QTL IciMapping v3.1 , and markers were grouped using a logarithm of odds (LOD) >5. The markers within each group were then ordered with RECORD  and rippled with SARF (sum of adjacent recombination frequencies). The marker order was used to sort markers within linkage groups and graphical genotypes were examined in Excel 2003 (see Additional file 2). At this step, singletons (a single locus in one progeny line that appears to have recombined with both of its directly-neighboring loci) were replaced by missing values in the dataset and calculations were repeated until no singletons were found. Ungrouped (not corrected data) markers were anchored to previous linkages using a LOD >4.5. All calculations were repeated for new linkage groups. Independent linkages on the same chromosomes with Kosambi distances  between subsequent markers below 50 cM were integrated as one linkage group. The χ2 analysis, map drawing, and map comparison were performed using the JoinMap 4.0 program . A χ2 goodness of fit analysis for each marker was performed to test for deviation from the 1:1 expected segregation ratio in doubled haploids at a 5% level of significance.
QTL IciMapping v3.1, based on the inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) model , was used for QTL analysis. Threshold values were calculated using 1,000 permutations and QTLs were considered real when ICIM showed the presence of a significant peak at a level of 0.05. Estimates of the positions of QTL corresponded to the peak of the ICIM scans. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained by each QTL was calculated with a single factor regression (R2).
Li Zhang, Jiang-Tao Luo, Ming Hao contributed equally to this work.
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071420, 31101140), the Science and Technology Commission of Sichuan Province (2011JQ0016), and by the 100-Talent Program of CAS.
LZ, JTL, and MH performed most of the research and drafted the manuscript. LQZ, ZWY, ZHY, BZ, BLL, and DCL assisted in the collection of genotypic and phenotypic data. YXL assisted in DArT analysis. CJL revised the manuscript. HGZ, YLZ, and DCL supervised and coordinated the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


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text:
Gerhausen ist ein Stadtteil von Blaubeuren im Alb-Donau-Kreis in Baden-Württemberg.

Geographie und Verkehr
Das Dorf liegt circa einen Kilometer südöstlich von Blaubeuren im Tal der es auf wenig über  in geteiltem Lauf durchfließenden Blau. Die Höhen zu beiden Seiten sind bewaldet und reichen teils bis . Gerhausen wird von der Bundesstraße 28 durchquert; die Bahnstrecke Ulm–Sigmaringen hat hier einen Haltepunkt. Beide Verkehrswege nutzen die Talachse.

Geschichte
Gerhausen wird erstmals 1092 überliefert. 1092 wird ein Graf Hartmann von Gerhausen erwähnt, er war vielleicht der Erbauer der Burg Hohengerhausen. Diese kam von seinen Erben, den Pfalzgrafen von Tübingen, 1267 im Erbgang an die Grafen von Helfenstein und diente später deren nach der Burg benannten Vögten als Wohnsitz. Wie Blaubeuren wurde die Burg 1303 österreichisches Lehen und 1447 an Württemberg verkauft. 1768 wurde die Burg auf Abbruch verkauft. Anteile am Ort hatten im 13. Jahrhundert die Markgrafen von Burgau, im 14. Jahrhundert die von Grafenegg, von Ockenhausen und die von Nenningen als Lehensleute der Herren von Gundelfingen. Zu Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts kam der größte Teil wieder an Helfenstein und 1447 an Württemberg. 1934 wurde Gerhausen in Blaubeuren eingemeindet.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Pfarrkirche
 Jurafenster (Geologischer Aufschluss)  Das Jurafenster Gerhausen ist seit Juni 2019 als bedeutendes Geotop und Geopoint des UNESCO Geopark Schwäbische Alb ausgezeichnet.

Siehe auch
 Burg Gerhausen

Weblinks

 Gerhausen bei LEO-BW
 Gerhausen bei der Stadt Blaubeuren

Einzelnachweise

Ortschaft von Blaubeuren
Ort im Alb-Donau-Kreis
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Alb-Donau-Kreis)
Gemeindeauflösung 1934
Ersterwähnung 1092
Geographie (Blaubeuren)
Ort auf der Schwäbischen Alb

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New objects seen, but still no evidence of jet
The McDonough County Voice
PERTH, Australia — A day after the search for the Malaysian jetliner shifted to a new area of the Indian Ocean, ships on Saturday plucked objects from the sea to determine whether they were related to the missing jet. None were confirmed to be from the plane, leaving searchers with no sign of the jet three weeks after it disappeared.
Meanwhile, a Chinese military plane scanning part of the search zone, which is roughly the size of Poland, spotted several objects floating in the sea, including two bearing colors of the missing jet.
Dozens of relatives of passengers on the missing plane were to fly from Beijing to Kuala Lumpur on Sunday to seek answers from Malaysia's government as to what happened to their loved ones. Two-thirds of the 229 passengers aboard Flight 370 were Chinese, and their relatives have expressed deep frustration with Malaysian authorities since the plane went missing.
Ships from China and Australia on Saturday scooped up items described only as "objects from the ocean," but none were "confirmed to be related" to Flight 370, said the Australian Maritime Safety Authority, which is overseeing the search.
A Chinese Ilyushin IL-76 plane spotted three floating objects, China's official Xinhua News Agency said, a day after several planes and ships combing the newly targeted area, which is closer to Australia than the previous search zone, saw several other objects.
The three objects spotted by the Chinese plane were white, red and orange in color, the Xinhua report said. The missing Boeing 777's exterior was red, white, blue and gray.
Investigators have been puzzled over what happened to Flight 370, with speculation ranging from equipment failure and a botched hijacking to terrorism or an act by one of the pilots.
The latter was fueled by reports that the pilot's home flight simulator had files deleted from it, but Malaysian Defense Minister Hishammuddin Hussein said checks, including one by the FBI, had turned up no new information.
"What I know is that there is nothing sinister from the simulators, but of course that will have to be confirmed by the chief of police," he said.
Newly analyzed satellite data shifted the search zone on Friday, raising expectations that searchers may be closer to getting physical evidence that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean.
That would also help narrow the hunt for the wreckage and the plane's black boxes, which could contain clues to what caused the plane to be so far off-course.
The U.S. Navy has already sent equipment that can detect pings from the back boxes, and Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott told reporters in Sydney that the equipment would be put on an Australian naval ship soon.
"It will be taken to the most prospective search area and if there is good reason to deploy it, it will be deployed," he said, without giving a time frame. Other officials have said it could take days for the ship — the Ocean Shield — to reach the search area.
The newly targeted zone is nearly 700 miles (1,130 kilometers) northeast of sites the searchers have crisscrossed for the past week. The redeployment came after analysts determined that the Boeing 777 may have been traveling faster than earlier estimates and would therefore have run out of fuel sooner.
The new search area is closer to the southwestern Australian city of Perth than the previous one, with a flying time of 2 1/2 hours each way, allowing for five hours of search time, according to the Australian Maritime Safety Authority.


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Non-Discrimination Policy: The Hopkinton Public School System does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, age, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or disability in admission to, access to, employment in, or treatment in its programs and activities. The Hopkinton Public School System is committed to maintaining a school environment free of harassment based on race, color, religion, national origin, age, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or disability. Harassment by administrators, certified and support personnel, students, vendors and other individuals at school or at school-sponsored events is unlawful and is strictly prohibited. The Hopkinton Public School System requires all employees and students to conduct themselves in an appropriate manner with respect to their fellow employees, students and all members of the school community.


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Q: Vim: how to use Ex commands across files (global marks?) I wanted to know if I can move/copy some lines from one file to another in vim by using Ex commands and global marks.
I can do so on the current file by setting the destination mark at the cursor position (ma), going to the source, selecting some lines and then issue the command:
:'<,'>m 'a

And the selected lines are moved to destination. But how to do so across files? I tried using global marks to move to another file:
:'<,'>m 'A

But the error "E20: Mark not set" is shown.

A: Unfortunately that is not possible. From the help on mark:

Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name.  {Vi: no uppercase marks}
  You can use them to jump from file to file.  You can only use an uppercase
  mark with an operator if the mark is in the current file.

They are really just supposed to let you jump. Also important, from help on
{address}:

'T = position of mark T (uppercase); when the mark is in another
  file it cannot be used in a range

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
BCBG Launches Second Scent and Builds Fragrance Empire
By Lindsey Schickner 09/03/12 at 01:00 PM
Photo courtesy of WWD
BCBG's Max Azria Bon Chic.
BCBG is stepping up its scent offerings with a fancy new Parisian-inspired fragrance for fall, Max Azria Bon Chic. Along with the new perfume, BCBG inked a deal with Elizabeth Arden in an effort to make the BCBG scents as internationally successful as the rest of the iconic brand's ready to wear line and accessories.
A little more than a year after launching its signature scent with New Wave Fragrances, the brand is looking forward to taking things to the next level with Elizabeth Arden, a global power house in the fragrance arena.
Backed by Elizabeth Arden, BCBG's goal is to establish itself as a long-term brand in the fragrance world with a series of new scents to continually roll out, according to WWD.
Kathy Widmer, executive vice president and chief marketing officer at Elizabeth Arden said, "Our goal is to innovate alongside the creative mind of Lubov Azria, building a BCBG Max Azria fragrance house in much the same way she has built the fashion house. We want to address the fragrance needs of the sophisticated woman for work, play, night or day."
Oscar de la Renta's New Essentials Fragrances »
With top notes of black raspberry, Asian pear and mango; middle notes of pink peony, violet and orange blossom, and base notes of soft woods, vanilla and cashmere musk, the new Bon Chic scent is a divine blend of sweet and sensual. In a gold bottle capped off with the brand's butterfly logo blossoming into a flower, the packaging is just as delicately chic.
Priced at $55 for a 1.7-oz. and $75 for a 3.4, the scent is coming to Dillard's and BCBG stores this month.


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Il Battaglione trasmissioni "Pordoi" è un reparto dell'Esercito Italiano con sede a Padova ed è alle dipendenze del 2º Reggimento trasmissioni alpino di Bolzano.

Storia

Origini
Il Battaglione trasmissioni "Pordoi" venne costituito a Padova il 1º ottobre 1975 per trasformazione del preesistente XLII Battaglione Trasmissioni dipendente dal Comando Trasmissione del V Comando Militare Territoriale della Regione Militare Nord Est e in base a disposizioni dello SME, che prevedevano l'assegnazione di nominativi di passi montani ai battaglioni trasmissioni dell'Esercito di Campagna, il reparto ha assunto la denominazione di 42º Battaglione trasmissioni "Pordoi" restando alle dipendenze del V Comando Militare Territoriale di Padova. Al battaglione venne concessa la bandiera di guerra con Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica n° 846 del 12 novembre 1976, pubblicato sulla G.U. n° 339 del 22 dicembre 1976.

Scioglimento
Il 42º Battaglione trasmissioni "Pordoi" venne sciolto nella caserma "Pierobon" di Padova il 18 febbraio 1992 e personale e mezzi andarono a rinforzare il Battaglione Trasmissioni "Valles" che, a seguito del nuovo ordinamento, che ripristinava il livello reggimentale nell'Esercito Italiano, venne inserito nel 32º Reggimento trasmissioni costituito a Padova il giorno successivo, mentre la sua Bandiera di Guerra venne depositata al sacrario delle bandiere dell'Altare della Patria di Roma.

Ricostituzione
Il 26 settembre 2001, in ottemperanza alla Circolare dello SME datata 14 maggio 2001, che prevedeva per il 2º Reggimento trasmissioni di Bolzano una struttura organica che contemplava la costituzione di un ulteriore battaglione articolato su due compagnie il 42º battaglione trasmissioni "Pordoi" veniva contestualmente ricostituito e inquadrato nel Reggimento.

Il 20 dicembre 2004, in ottemperanza alla Circolare dello SME datata 14 ottobre 2004 con la quale il Reggimento assumeva fisionomia organica di "Reggimento Trasmissioni di Supporto alla Manovra", veniva contestualmente costituita la 6ª Compagnia trasmissioni alle dipendenze del Battaglione "Pordoi".

Insegne
Mostrine della specialità

 fiamma a due punte, di colore azzurro elettrico con bordo amaranto (ad indicare l'appartenenza all'arma delle trasmissioni), su rettangolo verde (ad indicare la specialità alpina)

Fregio della specialità

La fattura del fregio cambia in base al grado
 filo metallico dorato o plastica dorata per ufficiali, sottufficiali e militari di truppa in servizio permanente.
 plastica o filo nero per la truppa a ferma prefissata.

 Nappina della specialità

 amaranto, per ruolo Sergenti e Truppa.
 dorata per Ufficiali e Marescialli.

La nappina, presente sulla sinistra del cappello, è il dischetto, a forma semi-ovoidale, nel quale viene infilata la penna. Per il ruolo sergenti e truppa, tale dischetto è di lana colorata su un'anima in legno. Per gli ufficiali (non generali) e marescialli, la nappina è in metallo dorato.

Voci correlate
Battaglione trasmissioni "Gardena"

Collegamenti esterni

Pordoi
Padova
Unità militari degli Alpini


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Black Woman Charlene Sarieann Harriott Gets Possessed In Habitat Of Demons Storms Cockpit On American Airlines Flight 1033
Crazy or Possessed?
Passenger restrained with duct tape and zip ties after storming cockpit, FBI says
A passenger was charged Thursday after federal authorities said she attacked three crew members aboard an American Airlines flight as it approached Charlotte's airport. The FBI charged Charlene Sarieann Harriott, 36, with interfering with a flight crew member and attendants during a flight Wednesday morning from Dallas/ Fort Worth to Charlotte. Harriott was seated at the rear of Flight 1033 as it prepared to land at Charlotte's airport, according to a criminal complaint. Flight attendants had taken seats when Harriott ran from the last row and toward the cockpit.......Harriott "became more aggressive and physically violent toward the flight crew." She bit one attendant on the right forearm, puncturing the skin and causing bleeding, according to the complaint, hit a second attendant in the right forearm and kicked a third attendant in the leg and abdomen. All three went to American Airlines' onsite medical clinic for treatment. Source
I wonder if the FBI has a team of Exorcists..
Summa Th. I EN Qu.64 a.4
Article: 4 Whether our atmosphere is the demons' place of punishment?
Objection:
1. It would seem that this atmosphere is not the demons' place of punishment. For a demon is a spiritual nature. But a spiritual nature is not affected by place. Therefore there is no place of punishment for demons.
2. Further, man's sin is not graver than the demons'. But man's place of punishment is hell. Much more, therefore, is it the demons' place of punishment; and consequently not the darksome atmosphere.
3. Further, the demons are punished with the pain of fire. But there is no fire in the darksome atmosphere. Therefore the darksome atmosphere is not the place of punishment for the demons.
On the contrary Augustine says (Gn ad lit. iii, 10), that "the darksome atmosphere is as a prison to the demons until the judgment day."
I answer that The angels in their own nature stand midway between God and men. Now the order of Divine providence so disposes, that it procures the welfare of the inferior orders through the superior. But man's welfare is disposed by Divine providence in two ways: first of all, directly, when a man is brought unto good and withheld from evil; and this is fittingly done through the good angels. In another way, indirectly, as when anyone assailed is exercised by fighting against opposition. It was fitting for this procuring of man's welfare to be brought about through the wicked spirits, lest they should cease to be of service in the natural order. Consequently a twofold place of punishment is due to the demons: one, by reason of their sin, and this is hell; and another, in order that they may tempt men, and thus the darksome atmosphere is their due place of punishment. Now the procuring of men's salvation is prolonged even to the judgment day: consequently, the ministry of the angels and wrestling with demons endure until then. Hence until then the good angels are sent to us here; and the demons are in this dark atmosphere for our trial: although some of them are even now in hell, to torment those whom they have led astray; just as some of the good angels are with the holy souls in heaven. But after the judgment day all the wicked, both men and angels, will be in hell, and the good in heaven.She said: 'These ionospheric thunderstorms are well known, but it's only now we have been able to show a direct link between them and the loss of the GPS. 'This is possible because the Swarm satellites provide high resolution observations of both phenomena at one spacecraft.'
Reply to Objection:
1. A place is not penal to angel or soul as if affecting the nature by changing it, but as affecting the will by saddening it: because the angel or the soul apprehends that it is in a place not agreeable to its will.
2. One soul is not set over another in the order of nature, as the demons are over men in the order of nature; consequently there is no parallel.
3. Some have maintained that the pain of sense for demons and souls is postponed until the judgment day: and that the beatitude of the saints is likewise postponed until the judgment day. But this is erroneous, and contrary to the teaching of the Apostle (2Co 5,1): "If our earthly house of this habitation be dissolved, we have a house in heaven." Others, again, while not admitting the same of souls, admit it as to demons. But it is better to say that the same judgment is passed upon wicked souls and wicked angels, even as on good souls and good angels.
Consequently, it must be said that, although a heavenly place belongs to the glory of the angels, yet their glory is not lessened by their coming to us, for they consider that place to be their own; in the same way as we say that the bishop's honor is not lessened while he is not actually sitting on his throne. In like manner it must be said, that although the demons are not actually bound within the fire of hell while they are in this dark atmosphere, nevertheless their punishment is none the less; because they know that such confinement is their due. Hence it is said in a gloss upon Jc 3,6: "They carry fire of hell with them wherever they go." Nor is this contrary to what is said (Lc 8,31), "They besought the Lord not to cast them into the abyss"; for they asked for this, deeming it to be a punishment for them to be cast out of a place where they could injure men. Hence it is stated, "They [Vulg. 'He'] besought Him that He would not expel them [Vulg. 'him'] out of the country" (Mc 5,10).
Israel's Space Official Jew Haim Eshed "I Don't Believe That Jesus Christ Is God But I Do Believe In Space Aliens Of The Galactic Federation Who Live In An Underground Mars Base"....
OK..... Mankind has made contact with an alien 'Galactic Federation' but it has been kept secret because 'humanity isn't ready', former head of Israel's space security program claims An Israeli space official has claimed that aliens are real and secretly in contact with America and Israel - but are keeping their existence quiet because humanity 'isn't ready'. Haim Eshed - who was head of Israel's space security programme for nearly 30 years and is a retired general - described a so-called 'Galactic Federation' which supposedly runs an underground Mars base in a secret pact with Washington. But the aliens had to intervene to stop Donald Trump when he appeared 'on the verge' of blurting out their secrets, he told Israeli paper Yediot Aharonot. And the 87-year-old Eshed says the aliens will not come into the open until humanity can 'evolve and reach a stage where we will... understand what space and spaceships are&#
Islamic Terrorism: Altitude Bomb Detonated On Sriwijaya Air Flight (SJ182) Fell 10,000 Feet In Less Than 60 Seconds Just Four Minutes After Take Off
Sounds like a bomb detonated at 10,000ft.... Boeing 737 jet with 62 people onboard 'crashes' after 'falling 10,000ft' following takeoff from Indonesia and VANISHING off radar - as rescuers find debris in the ocean A Boeing 737 passenger jet with 62 people onboard has disappeared over the sea after plummeting 10,000 feet shortly following takeoff from Jakarta, reports claim. The Sriwijaya Air plane took off from Soekarno-Hatta international airport on Saturday afternoon when it lost contact with the control room. The usual flight time is about 90 minutes over the Java Sea between Jakarta and Kalimantan, Indonesia's section of Borneo island. But four minutes after it took off, the Boeing B737-500 plane plunged nearly 11,000 feet in less than 60 seconds, leaving it at an altitude of just 250 feet before it vanished. There are feared to be 62 people on the 26-year-old plane, including 56 passengers - seven of whom are children and three are babies - as well as two
Sriwijaya Air Flight (SJ182) Boeing 737-500 Crashed 5 Minutes After Takeoff From Jakarta, Indonesia
Sriwijaya Air Boeing 737-500 crashes five minutes after take-off Jakarta Airport, Indonesia On 9 January, a Sriwijaya Air Boeing 737-500 (registered PK-CLC) operated domestic flight SJ182 between Jakarta and Pontianak, Indonesia. Five minutes after take-off, however, the aircraft crashed. On Flightradar24-data, the aircraft departed the airport of Jakarta but lost more than 10,000 feet of altitude in less than one minute, about 4 minutes after take-off. The aircraft subsequently went missing and communications with air traffic was lost. Adita Irawati, the Indonesian Transport Ministry spokesperson, told This Week in Asia that their services are investigating and coordinating the matter with Indonesia's national search and rescue agency (Basarnas) and the transport safety body (KNKT). A local newspaper writes that the aircraft crashed close to one of the inhabited islands of the Thousand Islands, a chain of islands to the north of Jakarta's coast. Meanwhile, the crash was confirme
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text:
Audrey McLachlin (nee Steventon)
In keeping with Audrey's wishes, cremation has taken place. By appointment, relatives and friends will be received by the family for a memorial visitation at the Sifton Funeral Home, 118 Wellington St., St. Thomas on Saturday, February 12th after 2:00 p.m. Please call the funeral home (519-631-1160) between 10:00 a.m.- 4:00 p.m. to register your name, telephone number and your time preference. Due to Provincial COVID-19 restrictions, a properly worn mask is required, physical distancing will be followed, and attendance numbers will be limited. A private graveside ceremony will be held at Elmdale Memorial Park, St. Thomas at a later date.
Obituary of Audrey McLachlin (nee Steventon)
Please share a memory of Audrey to include in a keepsake book for family and friends.
It is with great sadness that we said farewell to our mother, grandmother and great grandmother, Audrey McLachlin, at Caressant Care on Bonnie Place, on Thursday, February 3, 2022, in her 99th year. Wife of the late James E. McLachlin (1980). Mother of John and Anita McLachlin of Whitby, Mary and Les Pamplin of Capalaba, Australia, Laura McLachlin, and Dan and Sharon McLachlin, all of St. Thomas. Grandmother of Paula McLachlin and Luke Rundle of Whitby, Stephanie and Clae Hodgson, and Angela and Michael Heath, all of Australia, Tammy, Cynthia, and Jason DeGraw (Michelle Riley), all of the St. Thomas area. Her sister, Margaret Ferris (late Joseph) predeceased her. Born in Vancouver, BC, August 2, 1923, she was a daughter of the late Robert and Isabella "Ella" Steventon.
Audrey moved to St. Thomas when she was married in 1945. Her long life gave our mother the opportunity to build memories with her treasured great grandchildren, a great great grandchild, and many nieces, nephews, and friends around the world.
Our mother loved family get togethers, travel, shopping, and lunches out. She was known best for her gift of baking and sharing with family, friends, and our workplace colleagues. Her Christmas Shortbread and Granny's Brown Cookies were always appreciated.
In keeping with Audrey's wishes, cremation has taken place. By appointment, relatives and friends will be received by the family for a memorial visitation at the Sifton Funeral Home, 118 Wellington St., St. Thomas on Saturday, February 12th after 2:00 p.m. Please call the funeral home (519-631-1160) between 10:00 a.m.- 4:00 p.m. to register your name, telephone number and your time preference.
Due to Provincial COVID-19 restrictions, a properly worn mask is required, physical distancing will be followed, and attendance numbers will be limited.
A private graveside ceremony will be held at Elmdale Memorial Park, St. Thomas at a later date.
Memorial donations to the Alzheimer Society or charity of one's choice will be gratefully acknowledged.
The last few years were difficult for our mother as her health declined. A global pandemic was hard for her to understand. We are grateful to the staff of Caressant Care on Bonnie Place for the wonderful care they gave her over the last few years.


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text:
How Italy Is Sending Its F-35s to Watch Russia
Warrior Video Above: Army Research Lab Scientist Talks About New Explosives
By David Axe***, The National Interest***
Italy has become the first country to deploy F-35 stealth fighters for NATO's air-policing missions.
This first appeared in September 2019 and is being reposted due to reader interest.
Italian F-35As belonging to the Italian air force's 13° Gruppo, 32° Stormo are on track to take over the air-policing mission in Iceland, David Cenciotti reported at The Aviationist on Sept. 25, 2019.
"The Italian aircraft, that have already deployed to Keflavik International Airport, from their homebase at Amendola air base in southeastern Italy, will start flying familiarisation sorties in the next few days," Cenciotti wrote. "After achieving the NATO certification they will start quick-reaction alert duties."
"The F-35s, were accompanied by a KC-767A tanker, a C-130J and a P-72A maritime patrol aircraft," Cenciotti added, citing data from flight-tracking websites.
F-35s surely will become regular fixtures in NATO deployments. Several NATO countries besides Italy are acquiring F-35s, including the United States, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Norway. Spain has expressed interest in the stealth fighter. Canada seems likely to acquire the type.
Under the air-policing scheme, NATO's larger members deploy fighters in order to patrol the air space of smaller members that lack their own fighters. The main air-policing destinations are Iceland and the Baltic States. F-15s, F-16s and Typhoons have handled most of the air-policing deployments in the last decade.
The deployments are significant because they put NATO fighters in close contact with Russian warplanes flying along Russia's western frontier and in North Atlantic air space. It probably won't be long before NATO F-35s intercept Russian Sukhois.
The F-35 recently has passed several important milestones despite lingering cost, technical and maintenance problems. The Royal Air Force's F-35Bs flew in combat for the first time on June 16, 2019.
These 10 photos show John McCain's heroism
By Kris Osborn, Warrior Maven - Center for Military Modernization Aug 24, 2021
What Happened When the Allies Attacked German U-Boats
By Kris Osborn, Warrior Maven - Center for Military Modernization Feb 17, 2018
Could Sending F-35s & F-22s to the Pacific Avert War with China?
By Kris Osborn, Warrior Maven - Center for Military Modernization Aug 5, 2022
Taking off from the British air base at Akrotiri in Cyprus, a pair of the vertical-landing stealth fighters patrolled over Syria alongside RAF Typhoon fighters, the U.K. Defense Ministry announced.
The F-35s didn't drop bombs or fire missiles or guns during their combat patrol. Still, the mission made the United Kingdom the third country after Israel and the United States to deploy F-35s in wartime.
The Israeli air force claimed it was the first to fly F-35s in combat. Tel Aviv in May 2018 announced it deployed the radar-evading jet on two fronts. The Israeli government circulated a photo of an Israeli F-35A flying over Beirut in Lebanon during the daytime, strongly implying the fighter struck targets in Lebanon. Israeli warplanes also frequently operate over Syria.
U.S. Marine Corps F-35Bs in September 2018 conducted an air strike in support of what the U.S. Navy described as "ground clearance operations" in Afghanistan. The U.S. Air Force flew its own F-35As in combat for the first time over Iraq in April 2019. The U.S. Navy is still working up its F-35C squadrons for their first front-line cruise aboard an aircraft carrier, currently scheduled for 2021.
The U.S. military plans to begin rotating F-35 stealth fighters into South Korea starting in a few years, a South Korean newspaper reported. The American planes would join a growing fleet of South Korean F-35s.
So far, the U.K. F-35B's sortie rate in wartime conditions is no better than the sortie rate the remnant fleet of 1980s-vintage Tornadoes achieved in the years preceding their retirement. The eight Royal Air Force Tornadoes at Akrotiri as recently as 2015 managed two, two-ship sorties a day, each lasting six to eight hours, according toFinancial Times.
Trade publication Defense News in early June 2019 revealed lingering flaws in the F-35's design.
At high angles of attack, the F-35B and the carrier-compatible F-35C have a tendency to depart from controlled flight, Defense Newsreported.
"Specifically, the Marine short-takeoff-and-vertical-landing variant and the Navy's carrier-launched version become difficult to control when the aircraft is operating above a 20-degree angle of attack, which is the angle created by the oncoming air and the leading edge of the wing," Defense News explained.
David Axe serves as Defense Editor of the National Interest. He is the author of the graphic novels War Fix,War Is Boring and Machete Squad. This first appeared in September 2019 and is being reposted due to reader interest.


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