text:
"""Support for Netgear LTE modems."""
import asyncio
from datetime import timedelta
import logging

import aiohttp
import attr
import eternalegypt
import voluptuous as vol

from homeassistant.components.binary_sensor import DOMAIN as BINARY_SENSOR_DOMAIN
from homeassistant.components.notify import DOMAIN as NOTIFY_DOMAIN
from homeassistant.components.sensor import DOMAIN as SENSOR_DOMAIN
from homeassistant.const import (
    CONF_HOST,
    CONF_MONITORED_CONDITIONS,
    CONF_NAME,
    CONF_PASSWORD,
    CONF_RECIPIENT,
    EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP,
)
from homeassistant.core import callback
from homeassistant.helpers import config_validation as cv, discovery
from homeassistant.helpers.aiohttp_client import async_create_clientsession
from homeassistant.helpers.dispatcher import (
    async_dispatcher_connect,
    async_dispatcher_send,
)
from homeassistant.helpers.entity import Entity
from homeassistant.helpers.event import async_track_time_interval

from . import sensor_types

_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

SCAN_INTERVAL = timedelta(seconds=10)
DISPATCHER_NETGEAR_LTE = "netgear_lte_update"

DOMAIN = "netgear_lte"
DATA_KEY = "netgear_lte"

EVENT_SMS = "netgear_lte_sms"

SERVICE_DELETE_SMS = "delete_sms"
SERVICE_SET_OPTION = "set_option"
SERVICE_CONNECT_LTE = "connect_lte"
SERVICE_DISCONNECT_LTE = "disconnect_lte"

ATTR_HOST = "host"
ATTR_SMS_ID = "sms_id"
ATTR_FROM = "from"
ATTR_MESSAGE = "message"
ATTR_FAILOVER = "failover"
ATTR_AUTOCONNECT = "autoconnect"

FAILOVER_MODES = ["auto", "wire", "mobile"]
AUTOCONNECT_MODES = ["never", "home", "always"]

NOTIFY_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Optional(CONF_NAME, default=DOMAIN): cv.string,
        vol.Optional(CONF_RECIPIENT, default=[]): vol.All(cv.ensure_list, [cv.string]),
    }
)

SENSOR_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Optional(
            CONF_MONITORED_CONDITIONS, default=sensor_types.DEFAULT_SENSORS
        ): vol.All(cv.ensure_list, [vol.In(sensor_types.ALL_SENSORS)])
    }
)

BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Optional(
            CONF_MONITORED_CONDITIONS, default=sensor_types.DEFAULT_BINARY_SENSORS
        ): vol.All(cv.ensure_list, [vol.In(sensor_types.ALL_BINARY_SENSORS)])
    }
)

CONFIG_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        DOMAIN: vol.All(
            cv.ensure_list,
            [
                vol.Schema(
                    {
                        vol.Required(CONF_HOST): cv.string,
                        vol.Required(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.string,
                        vol.Optional(NOTIFY_DOMAIN, default={}): vol.All(
                            cv.ensure_list, [NOTIFY_SCHEMA]
                        ),
                        vol.Optional(SENSOR_DOMAIN, default={}): SENSOR_SCHEMA,
                        vol.Optional(
                            BINARY_SENSOR_DOMAIN, default={}
                        ): BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA,
                    }
                )
            ],
        )
    },
    extra=vol.ALLOW_EXTRA,
)

DELETE_SMS_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Optional(ATTR_HOST): cv.string,
        vol.Required(ATTR_SMS_ID): vol.All(cv.ensure_list, [cv.positive_int]),
    }
)

SET_OPTION_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    vol.All(
        cv.has_at_least_one_key(ATTR_FAILOVER, ATTR_AUTOCONNECT),
        {
            vol.Optional(ATTR_HOST): cv.string,
            vol.Optional(ATTR_FAILOVER): vol.In(FAILOVER_MODES),
            vol.Optional(ATTR_AUTOCONNECT): vol.In(AUTOCONNECT_MODES),
        },
    )
)

CONNECT_LTE_SCHEMA = vol.Schema({vol.Optional(ATTR_HOST): cv.string})

DISCONNECT_LTE_SCHEMA = vol.Schema({vol.Optional(ATTR_HOST): cv.string})

@attr.s
class ModemData:
    """Class for modem state."""

    hass = attr.ib()
    host = attr.ib()
    modem = attr.ib()

    data = attr.ib(init=False, default=None)
    connected = attr.ib(init=False, default=True)

    async def async_update(self):
        """Call the API to update the data."""

        try:
            self.data = await self.modem.information()
            if not self.connected:
                _LOGGER.warning("Connected to %s", self.host)
                self.connected = True
        except eternalegypt.Error:
            if self.connected:
                _LOGGER.warning("Lost connection to %s", self.host)
                self.connected = False
            self.data = None

        async_dispatcher_send(self.hass, DISPATCHER_NETGEAR_LTE)

@attr.s
class LTEData:
    """Shared state."""

    websession = attr.ib()
    modem_data = attr.ib(init=False, factory=dict)

    def get_modem_data(self, config):
        """Get modem_data for the host in config."""
        if config[CONF_HOST] is not None:
            return self.modem_data.get(config[CONF_HOST])
        if len(self.modem_data) != 1:
            return None
        return next(iter(self.modem_data.values()))

async def async_setup(hass, config):
    """Set up Netgear LTE component."""
    if DATA_KEY not in hass.data:
        websession = async_create_clientsession(
            hass, cookie_jar=aiohttp.CookieJar(unsafe=True)
        )
        hass.data[DATA_KEY] = LTEData(websession)

        async def service_handler(service):
            """Apply a service."""
            host = service.data.get(ATTR_HOST)
            conf = {CONF_HOST: host}
            modem_data = hass.data[DATA_KEY].get_modem_data(conf)

            if not modem_data:
                _LOGGER.error("%s: host %s unavailable", service.service, host)
                return

            if service.service == SERVICE_DELETE_SMS:
                for sms_id in service.data[ATTR_SMS_ID]:
                    await modem_data.modem.delete_sms(sms_id)
            elif service.service == SERVICE_SET_OPTION:
                failover = service.data.get(ATTR_FAILOVER)
                if failover:
                    await modem_data.modem.set_failover_mode(failover)

                autoconnect = service.data.get(ATTR_AUTOCONNECT)
                if autoconnect:
                    await modem_data.modem.set_autoconnect_mode(autoconnect)
            elif service.service == SERVICE_CONNECT_LTE:
                await modem_data.modem.connect_lte()
            elif service.service == SERVICE_DISCONNECT_LTE:
                await modem_data.modem.disconnect_lte()

        service_schemas = {
            SERVICE_DELETE_SMS: DELETE_SMS_SCHEMA,
            SERVICE_SET_OPTION: SET_OPTION_SCHEMA,
            SERVICE_CONNECT_LTE: CONNECT_LTE_SCHEMA,
            SERVICE_DISCONNECT_LTE: DISCONNECT_LTE_SCHEMA,
        }

        for service, schema in service_schemas.items():
            hass.services.async_register(
                DOMAIN, service, service_handler, schema=schema
            )

    netgear_lte_config = config[DOMAIN]

    # Set up each modem
    tasks = [_setup_lte(hass, lte_conf) for lte_conf in netgear_lte_config]
    await asyncio.wait(tasks)

    # Load platforms for each modem
    for lte_conf in netgear_lte_config:
        # Notify
        for notify_conf in lte_conf[NOTIFY_DOMAIN]:
            discovery_info = {
                CONF_HOST: lte_conf[CONF_HOST],
                CONF_NAME: notify_conf.get(CONF_NAME),
                NOTIFY_DOMAIN: notify_conf,
            }
            hass.async_create_task(
                discovery.async_load_platform(
                    hass, NOTIFY_DOMAIN, DOMAIN, discovery_info, config
                )
            )

        # Sensor
        sensor_conf = lte_conf.get(SENSOR_DOMAIN)
        discovery_info = {CONF_HOST: lte_conf[CONF_HOST], SENSOR_DOMAIN: sensor_conf}
        hass.async_create_task(
            discovery.async_load_platform(
                hass, SENSOR_DOMAIN, DOMAIN, discovery_info, config
            )
        )

        # Binary Sensor
        binary_sensor_conf = lte_conf.get(BINARY_SENSOR_DOMAIN)
        discovery_info = {
            CONF_HOST: lte_conf[CONF_HOST],
            BINARY_SENSOR_DOMAIN: binary_sensor_conf,
        }
        hass.async_create_task(
            discovery.async_load_platform(
                hass, BINARY_SENSOR_DOMAIN, DOMAIN, discovery_info, config
            )
        )

    return True

async def _setup_lte(hass, lte_config):
    """Set up a Netgear LTE modem."""

    host = lte_config[CONF_HOST]
    password = lte_config[CONF_PASSWORD]

    websession = hass.data[DATA_KEY].websession
    modem = eternalegypt.Modem(hostname=host, websession=websession)

    modem_data = ModemData(hass, host, modem)

    try:
        await _login(hass, modem_data, password)
    except eternalegypt.Error:
        retry_task = hass.loop.create_task(_retry_login(hass, modem_data, password))

        @callback
        def cleanup_retry(event):
            """Clean up retry task resources."""
            if not retry_task.done():
                retry_task.cancel()

        hass.bus.async_listen_once(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP, cleanup_retry)

async def _login(hass, modem_data, password):
    """Log in and complete setup."""
    await modem_data.modem.login(password=password)

    def fire_sms_event(sms):
        """Send an SMS event."""
        data = {
            ATTR_HOST: modem_data.host,
            ATTR_SMS_ID: sms.id,
            ATTR_FROM: sms.sender,
            ATTR_MESSAGE: sms.message,
        }
        hass.bus.async_fire(EVENT_SMS, data)

    await modem_data.modem.add_sms_listener(fire_sms_event)

    await modem_data.async_update()
    hass.data[DATA_KEY].modem_data[modem_data.host] = modem_data

    async def cleanup(event):
        """Clean up resources."""
        await modem_data.modem.logout()

    hass.bus.async_listen_once(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_STOP, cleanup)

    async def _update(now):
        """Periodic update."""
        await modem_data.async_update()

    async_track_time_interval(hass, _update, SCAN_INTERVAL)

async def _retry_login(hass, modem_data, password):
    """Sleep and retry setup."""

    _LOGGER.warning("Could not connect to %s. Will keep trying", modem_data.host)

    modem_data.connected = False
    delay = 15

    while not modem_data.connected:
        await asyncio.sleep(delay)

        try:
            await _login(hass, modem_data, password)
        except eternalegypt.Error:
            delay = min(2 * delay, 300)

@attr.s
class LTEEntity(Entity):
    """Base LTE entity."""

    modem_data = attr.ib()
    sensor_type = attr.ib()

    _unique_id = attr.ib(init=False)

    @_unique_id.default
    def _init_unique_id(self):
        """Register unique_id while we know data is valid."""
        return f"{self.sensor_type}_{self.modem_data.data.serial_number}"

    async def async_added_to_hass(self):
        """Register callback."""
        async_dispatcher_connect(
            self.hass, DISPATCHER_NETGEAR_LTE, self.async_write_ha_state
        )

    async def async_update(self):
        """Force update of state."""
        await self.modem_data.async_update()

    @property
    def should_poll(self):
        """Return that the sensor should not be polled."""
        return False

    @property
    def available(self):
        """Return the availability of the sensor."""
        return self.modem_data.data is not None

    @property
    def unique_id(self):
        """Return a unique ID like 'usage_5TG365AB0078V'."""
        return self._unique_id

    @property
    def name(self):
        """Return the name of the sensor."""
        return f"Netgear LTE {self.sensor_type}"


In 1972 the Clark Cup was presented to the union by Bob Clark, a foundation member of the Briars Club and also a past secretary and life member of the MSDRU. Originally contested by teams in the "B" group of third division,�then in 1975, the "B" group of fourth division.�Since 1995, after restructurring the various divisions, the Clark Cup has been the premier�award in third division.
Don Farrant (Hunters Hill) A long time supporter of sub-district rugby, Hunters Hill club stalwart Don Farrant presented the Farrant Cup to the MSDRU in 1974.�Initially included in an expanded fourth division, it became the award for the Division Three second grade premiership in 1995.


text:
BBNaija: Yerins Reveals Why He Was Nominated For Eviction
August 3, 2021 News Staff Gists 0
Big Brother Naija housemate, Yerins has said that he was nominated for possible eviction by Pere because he feels he is not cool enough to be in the house.
Yerins was nominated for eviction on Monday, alongside Whitemoney, Beatrice, Niyi and Yousef.
At least one of the housemates will be evicted next Sunday during the live show.
Yerins speaking to Angel, said he feels he's not good enough and not a cool guy, the reason he was nominated for eviction.
He said: "I shouldn't be surprised at the nomination
"I feel I'm not that cool guy for the housemates and don't think I deserve to be here.
"I don't have any issue with Pere or Maria.
"It's a game anyway and I just have to develop that mental strength so I can withstand anything outside the house."
Angel, responding said his personality has nothing to do with his nomination, as other housemates who see themselves as being cool were also nominated.
Posted Aug 3rd, 2021
Boma Reveals Why He Chose JackieB Over Angel As Deputy HoH
BBNaija: "I Don't Like You" – Maria Turns Down Pere After He Declared His Intentions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Unraveling Pop Culture One Thread at a Time
More of a Comment Really
Hall of Faces
Gena Radcliffe September 1, 2019 TV
On Becoming a God Recap: Confronting "The Gloomy-Zoomies"
Kirsten Dunst & Mel Rodriguez in On Becoming a God in Central Florida (Showtime)
Krystal finally understands the gravity of her situation in a bleak second episode.
It costs a lot of money to be poor. It's a constant game of catch-up, of robbing Peter to pay Paul, and taking even a moment for yourself to address personal matters — say, the death of your spouse — means immediately losing any ground you may be making towards recovery. The newly widowed Krystal (Kirsten Dunst) learns quickly just how dire her financial situation is in "The Gloomy-Zoomies," the sobering, darkly funny second episode of On Becoming a God in Central Florida.
Within mere days of her husband Travis's accidental death, the bank comes collecting, repossessing their above ground pool, washer and dryer, and even Krystal's braces, though she's able to save those at the last minute. As the bills keep piling up, she later learns that not only did Travis take out a second mortgage on their shabby little house, but that mortgage is past due and about to go into foreclosure. Cody (Theodore Pellerin), Travis's mentor at FAM, comes calling with a "Sorry for Your Loss" cookie, first asking that Krystal take over for Travis, then demanding, then later bribing her. Shaken by Travis's death, Cody is losing his touch, and, after meeting Pat Stanley (Josh Fadem), a salesman from a rival pyramid scheme, opts to take an approach that goes against FAM protocol, offering Krystal a considerable bonus to work for him.
Krystal turns Cody down initially, wanting to be rid of FAM once and for all, and tries to earn money through more honest means, though it's never enough. She's a born saleswoman, with an openness and friendliness that people respond to, but also some ruthless survival skills, as exhibited when she turns the alligator that killed (and presumably ate) Travis into food for herself. Really, Krystal is a far better fit for FAM's "sell by any means" philosophy than the soft and child-like Travis, she's just not quite ready to admit it yet. It takes a couple of souring experiences with individuals who profess to sympathize with her situation, and even want to help, but not without a heaping helping of condescension and phony concern on the side.
Krystal knows what those lingering looks Ernie gives her mean too, and it's here where we start to see the first signs of that ruthlessness that's going to quickly move her up within the FAM ranks.
On Becoming a God is setting up a fascinating, all too believable pattern of characters believing they constantly have the upper hand with Krystal because she's poor white trash and they're not, only to be shocked and offended when she doesn't show the appropriate amount of humility. Buzz (P.J. Marshall), Krystal's old boss from her beauty queen days, is one such person. He wants to hire her as a pageant coach for his teenage daughter, but is so incensed at her insisting that he pay her what she's worth that he sets her up to take an even bigger financial hit than she has already.
On the other hand, in her struggle to survive, Krystal makes an unlikely friend in Rhonda the Repo Lady (Da'Vine Joy Randolph), who comes for her belongings but, moved by her situation, offers to be a shoulder to cry on as Krystal struggles with mixed feelings over Travis's death. "Worst thing about about him dying is that I can't divorce him," Krystal says, though her refusal to let go of his high school football jersey — a symbol of perhaps the last time he ever experienced success — suggests she feels differently.
Speaking of mixed feelings, we get to know more about Krystal's boss and friend, Ernie (Mel Rodriguez), who, bless, shows up at her yard sale and buys a bunch of useless junk, overpaying her for everything. Ernie is clearly in love with Krystal, but wracked with guilt about it. As is often the case when we deal with big complicated feelings, what he thinks he's doing a good job of hiding is evident to everyone, including his sweetly accommodating wife, Bets (Beth Ditto), and young son, Harold (Cooper Jack Rubin).
Krystal knows what those lingering looks Ernie gives her mean too, and it's here where we start to see the first signs of that ruthlessness that's going to quickly move her up within the FAM ranks. One cringes to think how she's going to use Ernie's feelings for her to get ahead, and if Ernie will be able to figure it out before he ends up destroying his whole life, just as Travis destroyed Krystal's life. It's a tough world out there, though, and, as Obie Garbeau II says, you either stay ahead of the game, or you get run over.
We learn that Cody's last name is Bonar, which he insists is pronounced "bo-NAR." Sure it is, Cody, sure it is.
In what feels like an homage to American Psycho, Cody's business rival Pat Stanley looks and sounds so much like him (just with slightly different hair) that for a brief moment I thought they were played by the same actor.
This episode's excellent music cue is Heart's "Straight On," played when Krystal recreates her beauty pageant routine, an elaborate dance number with puppets.
Julie Benz as FAM wife/spy Carol all but seeps derision from her pores, and it will be a pleasure to see Krystal humiliate her in her rise to success.
I'm now coveting Krystal's Van Halen 1984 tour t-shirt. If the show took place now, she'd be able to sell it and easily cover her overdue mortgage payments.
Speaking of mortgages, there's an excellent scene in which Krystal interrupts a bank employee explaining what happens during a foreclosure by blurting out "I know how it works." It's a powerful moment that shows that Krystal has known little but struggling and scraping for money her whole life. She doesn't have time to be shocked or scared anymore.
Gena Radcliffe
Associate Editor at The Spool
Gena Radcliffe is the co-host of the award-winning (not really) horror podcast Kill by Kill, and has also written for F This Movie, Anatomy of a Scream, and Grim magazine (although the Spool is her pride and joy). Her pitch graveyard and "pieces that don't really belong anywhere else" can be found at genaradcliffe.com, and you can see her slowly losing her mind at Twitter under @porcelain72.
Latest posts by Gena Radcliffe (see all)
"Servant" spins its wheels in a messy season 2 - January 13, 2021
"Zodiac" and the very slow walk to justice - December 19, 2020
"A Creepshow Holiday Special" is an unpleasant lump of coal - December 18, 2020
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Posted in TV and tagged beth ditto, comedy, cooper jack rubin, da'vine joy randolph, josh fadem, julie benz, kirsten dunst, mel rodriguez, p.j. marshall, showtime, theodore pellerin, tv. Bookmark the permalink.
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Two things put Brazil's oil wealth in the public eye again this year. One good. One not so good. First the not so good: Petrobras. The state-owned oil firm is up to its eyeballs in scandal. It's led to the bankruptcy of around four Petrobras partner firms, and the arrest of dozens of executives, including high level Petrobras managers implicated in money laundering and accounting fraud. So that's the bad side of Brazil's oil business.
Then the good side. That was brought to light recently when Shell Oil bought out the BG Group, a U.K. driller that partners with Petrobras on four wells in the Atlantic Ocean. Shell's CEO Ben van Beurden said that one of the most attractive aspects of the BG deal was Petrobras. Before BG, Shell had drilling rights to just one field. It now has rights to four more. Buying BG was like buying Brazilian oil and buying Brazilian oil, for Shell, was a good idea.
Here's why the oil industry watches Brazil's lucrative deep water projects closely.
Brazil's oil production has gone up 5% on average since 2000. New discoveries are currently in production, particularly at the lucrative Lula fields, and will come online in the years ahead.
Between 2010 and 2014, 63% of the world's deep water oil discoveries were made in Brazil. Thanks to the pre-salt basins in Brazil's Atlantic, more than a third of the world's oil discoveries over the past four years have been made in that country. Thirty-six percent, to be exact, according to Wood Mackenzie numbers.
Within the expensive, high tech floating production storage and offloading oil vessels market, or FPSO, Brazil's weight is around 20%, according to ODS Petrodata. Some 46% of all new FPSOs being built in the world today are being built to first go to work in Brazil. According to the Brazilian government, 40 new FPSOs will be operating in Brazilian waters by 2018, though the ongoing Petrobras scandal will likely cut that number short.
Amid these developments -- the Shell Oil deal, the Petrobras scandal, the Oct. 7 auction for concession rights to Brazilian oil fields, China's $3 billion dollar loan to Petrobras --there is now a potential government-led leniency deal for the scandalous construction firms is inching ahead.
And if a deal of this sort were to be concluded – possibly by the fourth quarter, writes Elizabeth Johnson, head of Brazil's business consulting practice for Trusted Sources – "it could breathe new life into the local supply chain."
Van Beurden did the talking in April for the global oil and gas industry. "We have to look at Brazil for the potential that exists there. At the moment, this is probably the most exciting area in the world for the oil industry. We are already in Brazil and we are happy there, but we want more," he said.


In its recent decision in Berkley Regional Ins. Co. v. Philadelphia Indemnity Ins. Co., 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 15998 (5th Cir. Aug. 2, 2012), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, applying Texas law, had occasion to consider how and under what circumstances an excess/umbrella insurer is prejudiced as a result of an insured's failure to provide timely notice of occurrence or suit.
The insured, Towers of Town Lake Condominiums ("Tower"), had a $1 million primary policy with Nautilus and a $20 million excess/umbrella policy with Philadelphia. Towers was sued when a dentist slipped and fell on its premises. It placed Nautilus on notice of the suit, but did not give immediate notice to Philadelphia. At a mediation held prior to trial, the plaintiff's "bottom" demand was $215,000 and Nautilus' "top" offer was $150,000. The parties reached an impasse and the case, therefore, proceeded to trial. A jury subsequently rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in the amount of just under $1.7 million. On the day of the verdict, Towers finally gave notice to Philadelphia. Philadelphia thereafter denied coverage based on late notice.
While their responsibilities are different and, thus, they may not suffer prejudice in all circumstances where a primary carrier would, [excess insurers] nonetheless have a contract with the insured and are entitled to rely upon the same contract principles [as do primary insurers].
[Nautilus] argues that this case is more like the "better late than never" cases and not like Crocker because no default was entered; rather, the case was litigated by competent counsel to a jury verdict. We disagree … Philadelphia was not just notified "late," it was notified after all material aspects of the trial process had concluded and an adverse jury verdict was entered. It lost the ability to do any investigation or conduct its own analysis of the case, as well as the ability to "join in" Nautilus' evaluation of the case.


After my week along the Costa Blanca with friends, I ended my trip with a chilled two days in Valencia. I enjoyed the slow train ride along the Spanish coastline and on arrival, I was met with a warm breeze and air thick with moisture so I raced through the Valencia train station as fast as my legs would carry me. I checked into my hotel, dropped my bag, had a quick shower and made a beeline for the beach.
La Mas Bonita is a little place at the very end of the boulevard. Expect rustic, beachy vibes with crisp white and turquoise furnishings, imperfect walls, exposed beams and olive trees. When the sun is out, you can enjoy your home-cooked and organic meal, from breakfast to dinner, by sitting in its equally vivid back garden. This place is a hidden gem!
You've only seen half of Valencia if you haven't spent some time with sand between your toes. La Mas Bonita Patacona Beach is a bit out all the way, so hop in a taxi or hire one of the bikes that are available for rent all around the city.
After lunch, I went to check out Las Mas Bonita's Chiringuito right on the Patacona beachfront. A beach club so pretty that I was tempted to stay for the whole day. Instead, I took off my sandals and had a barefoot stroll across the beach. There's nothing quite like sinking your toes into cool, white sand for the first time on a trip!
After an exceptionally delicious and relaxing lunch, and a stroll on Patacona beach, I put on my explorer hat and set off to see some of the Old Fishermen's Quarter… That, though, is a whole other tale altogether!
Beach was amazing but the sea was still too cold for my taste… Funny enough when I was editing these pictures I thought of you with that pineapple picture – I'll always remember the text you have or use to have, in your bio.
Hahaha I'm happy that you remember me as a weird pineapple girl😂 the sea is always too cold, to be fair!
Amazing beach and gorgeous place! I am looking forward to Summer right now and your photos make me so impatient! Love them all though!
Glad you liked it Helene 💞there must be so many gorgeous places like this in Greece.
Makes me want to paint my porch and shutters bright blue and pretend I'm by the ocean!! haha! So many beautiful details.
What an absolute beautiful place! Such a paradise! How is it that you always find these places that end up on my To-Do-List? Also: That food looks immense. NOM!
So beautiful here! The beach vibes have me so nostalgic as I enter winter where I am hahah!


Live and Invest Overseas, the world's leading resource for overseas travel, investment, real estate and retirement, has announced the release of its top places to buy real estate in 2019.
"This past year we've positioned ourselves for profit from townhouses on the coast of Brazil and long-term care homes in the U.K. From turnkey rentals in Colombia, Portugal and the Dominican Republic, and from an ignored but important Panama City niche pre-construction market to organic agriculture in Panama, a truffle farm in France, and a teak plantation in the Darién," said Lief Simon, director of the Overseas Property Alert for Live and Invest Overseas.
Both are yield plays. The projected rental returns for the townhouse are in the range of 18 percent.
Brazil's currency remains historically weak against the U.S. dollar, making Brazil especially attractive to dollar buyers.
Fortaleza is a particular market of focus because it's an emerging international tourist destination that is significantly undervalued.
One concern has been access. Historically, to get from the United States to this region of Brazil, you had to fly hours south and catch a connecting flight back north. Brazil is a big country.
Now many new direct flights make the Fortaleza airport much more easily and much less painfully reached from both North America and Europe.
Thanks in part to this improved access, the area is receiving growing numbers of foreign tourists.
That coastal community has sold out. However, the developer is looking for more land so he can build more townhouses. The demand is there.
Simon added two Belize investments to his portfolio: one in the Cayo District, in the country's rain forest interior and the second on the Caribbean coast of Ambergris Caye.
In Cayo, a developer with an extensive track record is creating a tiny home neighborhood in his self-sufficient community. These efficient little cottages work both for full-time living and as rental properties.
"Comfortable rentals, either short- or long-term, are not easy to find in Cayo, and I believe these tiny cottages will be in high demand," Simon continued. "And the cost of entry is appealing, at less than $100,000.
The hotel unit isn't a time-share or fractional ownership. It's full ownership of a unit that will be part of a brand-name property. Net rental return projections for this investment hit double digits once the hotel is fully operating.
Word continues to spread on all this country has to offer, and tourism-related industries are enjoying the growth that reality suggests.
The hotels and restaurants tourism subsector grew by 17.2 percent through the third quarter of 2018, thanks to a 15.3 percent increase in overnight visitors for the period. As the number of direct flights to Belize increased, the number of visitors from the United States rose by 16.2 percent, while tourist numbers from Europe were up 22.7 percent and the number of Canadian visitors increased by 56.7 percent.
Cruise traffic, likewise, expanded substantially. The number of cruise visitors to the country through the third quarter of this year increased 55.5 percent.
The 2008/2009 global real estate crash had a much less dramatic effect in Panama than in other countries in the region for two reasons. First, Panama enjoys a broader demand base. Second, there's little leverage in play.
Prices in Panama City today are multiples of prices a decade-and-a-half ago. However, comparing apples to apples on a global scale, they remain a good buy on a per-square-meter basis and continue to generate a strong and reliable rental return.
That said, this is a dramatically different market from 15 years ago. Back then, you could have bought almost anything and realized a profit. In today's boomtown Panama City, hustlers abound. You need to know where to look and what specifically to buy.
Property prices in the hot spots of Lisbon now resemble prices for comparable properties in Barcelona and Rome. You can still find good deals in areas that haven't yet been fully re-gentrified, but the best deals today are renovation projects.
This is increasingly true across the Algarve, as well, where renovation projects are the best buys. A property ready for rental today likely comes with a price tag that translates to a net rental yield of maybe five percent or maybe not even. While prices have risen, rental rates have not kept pace, meaning yields have fallen from the eight percent to 10 percent net you could have expected two or three years ago if you bought right.
The Portugal market requires more work today than it did a few years ago, but it's worth it. The numbers of both tourists and foreign retirees choosing to spend time in this country is rising and will continue to do so. Some Portuguese aren't happy, as the phenomenon is pricing the locals out of some markets. However, overall, this is a stable country with a strong economy.
Portugal's coast isn't nearly as overbuilt as the coast of Spain and won't be, thanks to serious restrictions on oceanfront development. No new construction is allowed within 500 meters of the coast.
"A friend owns a house within that zone and couldn't even add a pool house for her already existing pool. Construction up to two kilometers from the coast comes with height restrictions, meaning no towns like Benidorm, Spain, with high-rises at or even near the beach," said Simon.
This means that existing beach properties will continually become more valuable.
Note that it's possible to get a local mortgage as a nonresident for the purchase of property in this country.
"I've been watching the real estate market in Montenegro develop since 2005, when I made an investment in Croatia. I made the trip across the border south of Dubrovnik to Kotor more for vacation than property scouting, but, as happens for me often, once there, I was inspired to look at property for sale," said Simon.
Kotor is a fairy-tale medieval town on a sparkling bay. Seeing its historic stone structures, one can't help but wonder what they cost to own. Our research found that prices were lower than in Croatia, but the market was moving more quickly.
The difficulty is that Montenegro is a small country and Kotor is a tiny city. Not a lot of inventory.
Puerto Rico isn't technically offshore for an American (as it's an unincorporated U.S. territory), but it's on our list for 2019 thanks to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
The tax incentives were created to spur investment in U.S. Opportunity Zones in general and apply beyond Puerto Rico. However, in the case of Puerto Rico, the entire island is an Opportunity Zone, meaning you can invest anywhere and qualify for the tax deferrals created by the new tax law.
However, you can't buy just any property and benefit. You must make an investment in new construction or a renovation, meaning this isn't an easy or a straightforward opportunity for an individual investor.
Tax incentives aside, Puerto Rico is a good rentals market. Tourism has already begun to rebound, while other industries are still recovering. And, if your investment qualifies under the Opportunity Zone law, your returns benefit from the tax deferrals now available.
Based in Paris, France, and Panama City, Panama, LIOS is the leading resource for people who want to live, retire and invest overseas. Headed by Kathleen Peddicord and Lief Simon – who collectively have more than 40 years' experience visiting, living and investing in foreign countries – LIOS and its free e-letter service, the Overseas Opportunity Letter have more than 400,000 regular readers. More info available at www.liveandinvestoverseas.com.


text:
Q: Debugging Python Program Really can't understand what's going on in this program, it returns
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49]

Help?
def primeTest(n):
     if n < 2:
        return False
     if n == 2:
        return True
     for x in range(3, int(n ** 0.5 + 0.5), 2):
        if n % x == 0:
            return False
     return True
def primeList(largestValue):
    primes = []
        for a in range(2, largestValue):
            if primeTest(a) == True:
                primes.append(a)
    return primes
print(primeList(101))

I've realised it's the first function primeTest, becuase if I input print(primeTest(10)) it returns True.

A: Here are some problems that jump out:
1) You never check for divisibility by 2.
2) primeList() should return primes and not primeList.
3) The upper bound in range(3, int(n ** 0.5 + 0.5), 2) is off by one. For example, for n==9 the divisibility by 3 is never checked.
Once I fix these, the code works as expected.

A: first, you should switch the inner and outer function
then do the prime test correct, and finally return the list, not the function:
def primeList(largestValue):
    def isPrime(n):
        if n < 2: return False
        if n == 2: return True
        if n & 1 == 0: return False
        for x in range(3, int(n ** 0.5)+1, 2):
            if n % x == 0:
                return False
        return True

    primes = []
    for a in range(2, largestValue):
        if isPrime(a):
            primes.append(a)
    return primes

print(primeList(101))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Home / Book / The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee's Quest for Independence
The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee's Quest for Independence
Young Ick Lew
Choose an optionHardbackPaperback Clear
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The Making of the First Korean President: Syngman Rhee's Quest for Independence quantity
Paperback: $42.00
Hardback: $90.00
472 pages | 158 b&w illustrations
The only full-scale history of Syngman Rhee's (1875–1965) early career in English was published nearly six decades ago. Now, in The Making of the First Korean President, Young Ick Lew uncovers little-known aspects of Rhee's leadership roles prior to 1948, when he became the Republic of Korea's first president. In this richly illustrated volume, Lew delves into Rhee's background, investigates his abortive diplomatic missions, and explains how and why he was impeached as the head of the Korean Provisional Government in 1925. He analyzes the numerous personal conflicts between Rhee and other prominent Korean leaders, including some close friends and supporters who eventually denounced him as an autocrat.
Rhee is portrayed as a fallible yet charismatic leader who spent his life fighting in the diplomatic and propaganda arena for the independence of his beleaguered nation—a struggle that would have consumed and defeated lesser men. Based on exhaustive research that incorporates archival records as well as secondary sources in Korean, English, and Japanese, The Making of the First Korean President meticulously lays out the key developments of Rhee's pre-presidential career, including his early schooling in Korea, involvement in the reform movement against the Taehan ("Great Korean") Empire, and his six-year incarceration in Seoul Prison for a coup attempt on Emperor Kojong. Rhee's life in the U.S. is also examined in detail: his education at George Washington, Harvard, and Princeton universities; his evangelical work at the Seoul YMCA; his extensive activities in Hawai'i and attempts to maintain prestige and power among Koreans in the U.S. Lew concludes that, despite the manifold shortcomings in Rhee's authoritarian leadership, he was undoubtedly best prepared to assume the presidency of South Korea after the onset of the Cold War in the Korean Peninsula.
Essential reading for anyone with an interest in modern Korean history, this work will serve as a lasting portrait of one of the pivotal figures in the evolution of Korea as it journeyed from colonial suppression to freedom and security.
Young Ick Lew, Author
Young Ick Lew is a former Chair Professor of Korean Studies at the Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University in Seoul, and currently teaches modern Korean history at the National Defense University in Koyang as its first Chair Professor. He graduated from Seoul National University with a BA in Political Science and received a PhD in History and East Asian Languages from Harvard University in 1972. He served as the president of the Korean Historical Association (1991-1992), the founding director of the Institute for Modern Korean Studies at Yonsei University (1997-2001), and the president of the National Institute of Korean History (2013-2015). He is a member of the governing council of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch. He has written a number of books and articles on late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Korean history, notably on Dr. Syngman Rhee, the first president of the Republic of Korea. He is the author of Syngman Rhee's Life and Dreams(Seoul: Chungang Ilbosa, 1996), Youthful Syngman Rhee: A Study on His Activities and Writings in the Seoul Prison, 1899-1904(Seoul: Yonsei University Press, 2002) and The Founding President of the Republic of Korea: New Views on Syngman Rhee's Career, Thoughts and Accomplishments(Seoul: Ilchokak, 2013). He authored Early Korean Encounters with the United States and Japan(Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch, 2008) and co-authored Korea: Old and New: A History(Seoul: Ilchokak for Korea Institute, Harvard University, 1990) in English. He was the editor-in-chief of The Ihwa House Collection of Syngman Rhee Materials in East Asian Languages. 18 vols. (Seoul: Chungang Ilbosa and Institute for Modern Korean Studies, Yonsei University) and the editor of The Syngman Rhee Correspondence in English, 1904-1948, 8 vols. (Seoul: Institute for Modern Korean Studies, Yonsei University, 2009). He has received many awards, including the Kyung-Ahm Prize in Arts and Sciences (2006), for his academic contributions.
Reviews and Endorsements
The debate over Syngman Rhee's legacy is far from over. As this richly detailed biography demonstrates, the historical record should recognize Rhee's tireless efforts to achieve Korea's independence before he became president of the Republic of Korea (ROK). . . . Scholars and laymen alike will find The Making of the First Korean President a foundational study of Rhee's first 73 years. It is the story of a scholar, a Christian, an educator, a diplomat, a patriot, an autocrat—and an imperfect human being.
—Journal of American-East Asian Relations
Relying on newly available sources, such as Rhee's own correspondence, telegrams, speeches, interview records, essays, poems (many of which are in English or classical Chinese), and interviews with Rhee's surviving friends and colleagues, the author meticulously traces Rhee's life from birth to 1948. The book also contains numerous photos of Rhee and the individuals and events discussed.
—Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries
Young Ick Lew's timely study, The Making of the First Korean President (2014), offers a rich biographical portrait of the first ROK president. . . . Lew offers here a deeply researched vision of Rhee as a flawed, complex individual capable of great achievement and ambition, as well as someone equally skilled at becoming mired in controversy, engaging with factions and intrigue.
—Pacific Affairs
Supporting Resources


text:
' Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

Imports System.Composition
Imports System.Threading
Imports Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editing
Imports Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Host.Mef
Imports Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.OrganizeImports

Namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.VisualBasic.OrganizeImports
    <ExportLanguageService(GetType(IOrganizeImportsService), LanguageNames.VisualBasic), [Shared]>
    Partial Friend Class VisualBasicOrganizeImportsService
        Implements IOrganizeImportsService

        Public Async Function OrganizeImportsAsync(document As Document,
                                        cancellationToken As CancellationToken) As Task(Of Document) Implements IOrganizeImportsService.OrganizeImportsAsync
            Dim root = Await document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(False)
            Dim options = Await document.GetOptionsAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(False)

            Dim placeSystemNamespaceFirst = options.GetOption(GenerationOptions.PlaceSystemNamespaceFirst)
            Dim separateGroups = options.GetOption(GenerationOptions.SeparateImportDirectiveGroups)

            Dim rewriter = New Rewriter(placeSystemNamespaceFirst, separateGroups)
            Dim newRoot = rewriter.Visit(root)
            Return document.WithSyntaxRoot(newRoot)
        End Function

        Public ReadOnly Property SortAndRemoveUnusedImportsDisplayStringWithAccelerator As String Implements IOrganizeImportsService.SortAndRemoveUnusedImportsDisplayStringWithAccelerator
            Get
                Return VBFeaturesResources.Remove_and_Sort_Imports
            End Get
        End Property
    End Class
End Namespace

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong
Xiao Cui Chen, Tony J. Ward, Jun Ji Cao, Shun Cheng Lee, Judith C. Chow, Gabriel N.C. Lau, Steve H.L. Yim, Kin Fai Ho
Personal monitoring for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted for adults (48 subjects, 18–63 years of age) in Hong Kong during the summer and winter of 2014–2015. All filters were analyzed for PM2.5 mass and constituents (including carbonaceous aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements). We found that season (p = 0.02) and occupation (p < 0.001) were significant factors affecting the strength of the personal-ambient PM2.5 associations. We applied mixed-effects models to investigate the determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 mass and constituents, along with within- and between-individual variance components. Ambient PM2.5 was the dominant predictor of (R2 = 0.12–0.59, p < 0.01) and the largest contributor (>37.3%) to personal exposures for PM2.5 mass and most components. For all subjects, a one-unit (2.72 μg/m3) increase in ambient PM2.5 was associated with a 0.75 μg/m3 (95% CI: 0.59–0.94 μg/m3) increase in personal PM2.5 exposure. The adjusted mixed-effects models included information extracted from individual's activity diaries as covariates. The results showed that season, occupation, time indoors at home, in transit, and cleaning were significant determinants for PM2.5 components in personal exposure (R2β = 0.06–0.63, p < 0.05), contributing to 3.0–70.4% of the variability. For one-hour extra time spent at home, in transit, and cleaning an average increase of 1.7–3.6% (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, sulfur), 2.7–12.3% (elemental carbon, ammonium, titanium, iron), and 8.7–19.4% (ammonium, magnesium ions, vanadium) in components of personal PM2.5 were observed, respectively. In this research, the within-individual variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated exposure data except PM2.5 and EC. Results from this study indicate that performing long-term personal monitoring is needed for examining the associations of mass and constituents of personal PM2.5 with health outcomes in epidemiological studies by describing the impacts of individual-specific data on personal exposures.
Fine particulate matter
Mixed-effects model
Particulate constituents
Personal exposure
Time-activity diaries
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.049
Dive into the research topics of 'Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cleaning Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Ions Engineering & Materials Science 98%
particulate matter Earth & Environmental Sciences 90%
Ammonium Chemical Compounds 84%
Elemental Carbon Chemical Compounds 79%
Nitrates Engineering & Materials Science 67%
Vanadium Engineering & Materials Science 65%
Aerosols Engineering & Materials Science 64%
Chen, X. C., Ward, T. J., Cao, J. J., Lee, S. C., Chow, J. C., Lau, G. N. C., Yim, S. H. L., & Ho, K. F. (2018). Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong. Science of the Total Environment, 628-629, 1165-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.049
Chen, Xiao Cui ; Ward, Tony J. ; Cao, Jun Ji et al. / Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong. In: Science of the Total Environment. 2018 ; Vol. 628-629. pp. 1165-1177.
@article{865ad29dfd1d455f922a2f36182e9eb6,
title = "Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong",
abstract = "Personal monitoring for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted for adults (48 subjects, 18–63 years of age) in Hong Kong during the summer and winter of 2014–2015. All filters were analyzed for PM2.5 mass and constituents (including carbonaceous aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements). We found that season (p = 0.02) and occupation (p < 0.001) were significant factors affecting the strength of the personal-ambient PM2.5 associations. We applied mixed-effects models to investigate the determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 mass and constituents, along with within- and between-individual variance components. Ambient PM2.5 was the dominant predictor of (R2 = 0.12–0.59, p < 0.01) and the largest contributor (>37.3%) to personal exposures for PM2.5 mass and most components. For all subjects, a one-unit (2.72 μg/m3) increase in ambient PM2.5 was associated with a 0.75 μg/m3 (95% CI: 0.59–0.94 μg/m3) increase in personal PM2.5 exposure. The adjusted mixed-effects models included information extracted from individual's activity diaries as covariates. The results showed that season, occupation, time indoors at home, in transit, and cleaning were significant determinants for PM2.5 components in personal exposure (R2β = 0.06–0.63, p < 0.05), contributing to 3.0–70.4% of the variability. For one-hour extra time spent at home, in transit, and cleaning an average increase of 1.7–3.6% (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, sulfur), 2.7–12.3% (elemental carbon, ammonium, titanium, iron), and 8.7–19.4% (ammonium, magnesium ions, vanadium) in components of personal PM2.5 were observed, respectively. In this research, the within-individual variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated exposure data except PM2.5 and EC. Results from this study indicate that performing long-term personal monitoring is needed for examining the associations of mass and constituents of personal PM2.5 with health outcomes in epidemiological studies by describing the impacts of individual-specific data on personal exposures.",
keywords = "Fine particulate matter, Mixed-effects model, Particulate constituents, Personal exposure, Time-activity diaries",
author = "Chen, {Xiao Cui} and Ward, {Tony J.} and Cao, {Jun Ji} and Lee, {Shun Cheng} and Chow, {Judith C.} and Lau, {Gabriel N.C.} and Yim, {Steve H.L.} and Ho, {Kin Fai}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was jointly supported by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department (Contract No. 13-04909 ) and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Grant No. 412413 , 152090/15E and 152083/14E ). Xiao-Cui Chen acknowledges Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme of the Faculty of Social Science and Focused Innovations Scheme of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Project No. 3132260 & 1907001 ) and the Vice-Chancellor's Discretionary Fund of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Grant No. 4930744 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier B.V.",
Chen, XC, Ward, TJ, Cao, JJ, Lee, SC, Chow, JC, Lau, GNC, Yim, SHL & Ho, KF 2018, 'Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 628-629, pp. 1165-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.049
Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong. / Chen, Xiao Cui; Ward, Tony J.; Cao, Jun Ji et al.
In: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 628-629, 01.07.2018, p. 1165-1177.
T1 - Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong
AU - Chen, Xiao Cui
AU - Ward, Tony J.
AU - Cao, Jun Ji
AU - Lee, Shun Cheng
AU - Chow, Judith C.
AU - Lau, Gabriel N.C.
AU - Yim, Steve H.L.
AU - Ho, Kin Fai
N1 - Funding Information: This work was jointly supported by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department (Contract No. 13-04909 ) and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Grant No. 412413 , 152090/15E and 152083/14E ). Xiao-Cui Chen acknowledges Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme of the Faculty of Social Science and Focused Innovations Scheme of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Project No. 3132260 & 1907001 ) and the Vice-Chancellor's Discretionary Fund of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Grant No. 4930744 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
N2 - Personal monitoring for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted for adults (48 subjects, 18–63 years of age) in Hong Kong during the summer and winter of 2014–2015. All filters were analyzed for PM2.5 mass and constituents (including carbonaceous aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements). We found that season (p = 0.02) and occupation (p < 0.001) were significant factors affecting the strength of the personal-ambient PM2.5 associations. We applied mixed-effects models to investigate the determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 mass and constituents, along with within- and between-individual variance components. Ambient PM2.5 was the dominant predictor of (R2 = 0.12–0.59, p < 0.01) and the largest contributor (>37.3%) to personal exposures for PM2.5 mass and most components. For all subjects, a one-unit (2.72 μg/m3) increase in ambient PM2.5 was associated with a 0.75 μg/m3 (95% CI: 0.59–0.94 μg/m3) increase in personal PM2.5 exposure. The adjusted mixed-effects models included information extracted from individual's activity diaries as covariates. The results showed that season, occupation, time indoors at home, in transit, and cleaning were significant determinants for PM2.5 components in personal exposure (R2β = 0.06–0.63, p < 0.05), contributing to 3.0–70.4% of the variability. For one-hour extra time spent at home, in transit, and cleaning an average increase of 1.7–3.6% (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, sulfur), 2.7–12.3% (elemental carbon, ammonium, titanium, iron), and 8.7–19.4% (ammonium, magnesium ions, vanadium) in components of personal PM2.5 were observed, respectively. In this research, the within-individual variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated exposure data except PM2.5 and EC. Results from this study indicate that performing long-term personal monitoring is needed for examining the associations of mass and constituents of personal PM2.5 with health outcomes in epidemiological studies by describing the impacts of individual-specific data on personal exposures.
AB - Personal monitoring for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was conducted for adults (48 subjects, 18–63 years of age) in Hong Kong during the summer and winter of 2014–2015. All filters were analyzed for PM2.5 mass and constituents (including carbonaceous aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements). We found that season (p = 0.02) and occupation (p < 0.001) were significant factors affecting the strength of the personal-ambient PM2.5 associations. We applied mixed-effects models to investigate the determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 mass and constituents, along with within- and between-individual variance components. Ambient PM2.5 was the dominant predictor of (R2 = 0.12–0.59, p < 0.01) and the largest contributor (>37.3%) to personal exposures for PM2.5 mass and most components. For all subjects, a one-unit (2.72 μg/m3) increase in ambient PM2.5 was associated with a 0.75 μg/m3 (95% CI: 0.59–0.94 μg/m3) increase in personal PM2.5 exposure. The adjusted mixed-effects models included information extracted from individual's activity diaries as covariates. The results showed that season, occupation, time indoors at home, in transit, and cleaning were significant determinants for PM2.5 components in personal exposure (R2β = 0.06–0.63, p < 0.05), contributing to 3.0–70.4% of the variability. For one-hour extra time spent at home, in transit, and cleaning an average increase of 1.7–3.6% (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, sulfur), 2.7–12.3% (elemental carbon, ammonium, titanium, iron), and 8.7–19.4% (ammonium, magnesium ions, vanadium) in components of personal PM2.5 were observed, respectively. In this research, the within-individual variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated exposure data except PM2.5 and EC. Results from this study indicate that performing long-term personal monitoring is needed for examining the associations of mass and constituents of personal PM2.5 with health outcomes in epidemiological studies by describing the impacts of individual-specific data on personal exposures.
KW - Fine particulate matter
KW - Mixed-effects model
KW - Particulate constituents
KW - Personal exposure
KW - Time-activity diaries
Chen XC, Ward TJ, Cao JJ, Lee SC, Chow JC, Lau GNC et al. Determinants of personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult subjects in Hong Kong. Science of the Total Environment. 2018 Jul 1;628-629:1165-1177. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.049


The ICA Certificate in Anti Money Laundering is offered through the training arm of Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (AMBD), Centre For Islamic Banking, Finance And Management (CIBFM).
CIBFM is the Centre of Excellence for the finance industry in Negara Brunei Darussalam. Under the purview of AMBD, CIBFM plays an important role in developing the human capacity in the areas of Islamic banking, finance and management.
Accredited by Brunei Darussalam National Accreditation Council as a Training Institution, all CIBFM's training programmes are recognised as Value Added Qualifications.
In its role to enhance human capacity development, CIBFM organises high profile events supported by AMBD. CIBFM's events include the Brunei Darussalam Islamic Investment Summit (BIIS), the Leadership Conference (LeadCon), the Annual Brunei Darussalam Roundtable and the International Banking Conference (IBC).
Anti money laundering (AML) continues to be ranked as one of the top priorities, particularly in financial institutions. Increasingly, employers and regulators are looking for verifiable evidence of certain level of knowledge and skills in the area of anti-money laundering.
We believe that experience, coupled with the right training and education, will help you achieve goals and advance your career. This ICA professional qualification provides this benchmark. The qualification has been designed to provide practical knowledge and skills that are directly transferable to the workplace.
Other ICA qualifications in anti money laundering, compliance and financial crime prevention can also be studied via online learning. More information here.


According to RAB-regulation, the company is obliged to reinvest 50% of the received profit in the modernization of networks.
The National Commission that regulates the electricity and utility services, has set an optimal rate of return (12.5%) on invested capital in the framework of introducing incentive tariff formation (RAB regulation), former member of the regulator Volodymyr Yevdokymov, said as quoted by Ukrainian News. "I support the rate suggested by the Commission," Evdokimov said.
RAB (Regulatory Asset Base) is a system of long-term tariff design aimed primarily at encouraging investment in the expansion and modernization of infrastructure. World practices have shown that RAB-based tariff regulation in the electric grid sector has several advantages for electric grid companies and customers over the existing cost-plus pricing system.
Yevdokymov believes that the introduction of incentive regulation will increase the attractiveness of oblenergos' assets "because the investor will understand and know when he returns the invested funds and that there are mechanisms for the return of investments."
The rate on the invested funds depends on the level of inflation in the country and the cost of borrowed capital. According to the methodology of RAB-regulation, the company is obliged to reinvest 50% of the profits in the modernization of networks, which will reduce the loss of electricity and increase the quality of services for consumers. This is the main difference from the existing system, when the power companies are not interested in working effectively and investing in the development of networks, but, on the contrary, they are trying to "inflate" their costs in order to get a big profit.
Earlier, Dmytro Vovk said that the regulator has completed the development of a regulatory framework for implementation, which stimulates tariff formation for the distribution of electricity and transmission by backbone grids. In his view, the transition to incentive regulation will attract investment, improve energy efficiency, reliability and quality of services, and further reduce tariffs.
The RAB-regulation of energy sector is widely used in Europe .
The European Union in 2002 ordered the countries of Eastern Europe to apply RAB in setting tariffs for natural monopolies and the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and several other countries moved to RAB regulation.


text:
package desmoj.extensions.visualization2d.engine.viewer;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Locale;

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLayeredPane;

import desmoj.extensions.visualization2d.engine.command.Parameter;

public class ViewerButtonApplet extends JApplet{

	private static final long 		serialVersionUID 	= 1L;
	private static final Color 		DefaultButtonColor	= Color.lightGray;
	private static final Rectangle	DefaultViewerRect	= new Rectangle(100, 100, 400, 300);

	private URL 				cmdsUrl				= null;
	private URL 				simulationIconDir	= null;
	private Locale				locale				= null;
	private String				title				= null;
	private Color				buttonColor			= null;
	private Rectangle			viewerRectangle		= null;
	private ViewerPanel 		viewerPanel 		= null;
	private ViewerButtonFrame 	frame				= null;

	public void init(){

		String cmdsUrlString 			= this.getParameter("cmdsUrl");
		String simulationIconDirString 	= this.getParameter("simulationIconDir");
		String localeString				= this.getParameter("locale");
		String titleString				= this.getParameter("title");
		String buttonColorString		= this.getParameter("buttonColor");
		String viewerRectangleString	= this.getParameter("viewerRectangle");
		System.out.println("cmdsUrl: "+cmdsUrlString);
		System.out.println("simulationIconDir: "+simulationIconDirString);
		System.out.println("locale: "+localeString);
		System.out.println("title: "+titleString);
		System.out.println("buttonColor: "+buttonColorString);
		System.out.println("viewerRectangle: "+viewerRectangleString);

		this.showStatus("Begin of init");

		if( cmdsUrlString != null){
			try {this.cmdsUrl = new URL(cmdsUrlString);
			} catch (MalformedURLException e) {	this.cmdsUrl = null;}
			if(this.cmdsUrl == null){
				try {this.cmdsUrl = new URL(this.getCodeBase(), cmdsUrlString);
				} catch (MalformedURLException e) {	this.cmdsUrl = null;}
			}
			if(this.cmdsUrl == null){
				this.showStatus("The Parameter cmdsUrl: "+cmdsUrlString+" hasn't a valid syntax!");
				System.out.println("The Parameter cmdsUrl: "+cmdsUrlString+" hasn't a valid syntax!");
			}
		}else{
			this.cmdsUrl = null;
			this.showStatus("There is no parameter cmdsUrl");
			System.out.println("There is no parameter cmdsUrl");
		}

		if( simulationIconDirString != null){
			try {this.simulationIconDir = new URL(simulationIconDirString);
			} catch (MalformedURLException e) {	this.simulationIconDir = null;}
			if(this.simulationIconDir == null){
				try {this.simulationIconDir = new URL(this.getCodeBase(), simulationIconDirString);
				} catch (MalformedURLException e) {	this.simulationIconDir = null;}
			}
			if(this.simulationIconDir == null){
				this.showStatus("The Parameter simulationIconDir: "+simulationIconDirString+" hasn't a valid syntax!");
				System.out.println("The Parameter simulationIconDir: "+simulationIconDirString+" hasn't a valid syntax!");
			}
		}else{
			this.simulationIconDir = null;
			this.showStatus("There is no parameter simulationIconDir");
			System.out.println("There is no parameter simulationIconDir");
		}

		if(localeString != null){
			this.locale = new Locale(localeString);
			if(this.locale == null) this.locale = Locale.ENGLISH;
		}else{
			this.locale = Locale.ENGLISH;
		}

		this.buttonColor		= ViewerButtonApplet.DefaultButtonColor;
		try{
			String[] rgb		= Parameter.split(buttonColorString);
			this.buttonColor 	= new Color(Integer.parseInt(rgb[0]), Integer.parseInt(rgb[1]), Integer.parseInt(rgb[2]));
		}catch(Exception e){
			this.buttonColor	= ViewerButtonApplet.DefaultButtonColor;
		}

		this.viewerRectangle	= ViewerButtonApplet.DefaultViewerRect;
		try{
			String[] rect		= Parameter.split(viewerRectangleString);
			this.viewerRectangle= new Rectangle(Integer.parseInt(rect[0]), Integer.parseInt(rect[1]), Integer.parseInt(rect[2]), Integer.parseInt(rect[3]));
		}catch(Exception e){
			this.viewerRectangle= ViewerButtonApplet.DefaultViewerRect;
		}

		this.showStatus("Nach Parameter Auswertung");
		System.out.println("Nach Parameter Auswertung");

		this.viewerPanel	= new ViewerPanel(this.cmdsUrl,
				this.simulationIconDir, this.getAppletContext(),
				this.locale);
		this.getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout(1,1));

		if(titleString != null) this.title 	= titleString;
		else					this.title	= this.viewerPanel.getViewerName();
		JButton button = new JButton();
		button.setBackground(this.buttonColor);
		button.setText(this.title);
		button.addActionListener(new Click());
		this.getContentPane().add(button);
		this.setVisible(true);
		this.showStatus("End of init");
		System.out.println("end of init");
	}

	public void start(){
		System.out.println("end of start");
	}

	public void destroy(){
		if(this.frame != null){
			// SimulationsThread beenden
			if(viewerPanel.getSimulationThread() != null){
				viewerPanel.getSimulationThread().interrupt();
				try {viewerPanel.getSimulationThread().join();
				}catch (InterruptedException ei) {}
				viewerPanel.setSimulationThreadNull();
			}
			this.frame.setVisible(false);
			this.frame.dispose();
		}
		System.out.println("end of destroy");
	}

	public String[][] getParameterInfo(){
		String[][] out = {
				{"cmdsUrl", "URL", "absolute oder relative URL of commands file"},
				{"simulationIconDir", "URL", "absolute oder relative URL of simulationIconDir"},
				{"locale", "Locale", "Sprachsteuerung"},
				{"title", "String", "Beschriftung des Button"},
				{"buttonColor", "String", "Button-Farbe in red|green|blue Notation"},
				{"viewerRectangle", "String", "ViewerRectangle in x|y|width|height Notation"},
			};
		return out;
	}

	public String getAppletInfo(){
		String out = "Viewer ButtonApplet: "+this.viewerPanel.getViewerName();
		return out;
	}

	/**
	 * startet ViewerButtonFrame
	 */
	class Click implements ActionListener{
		public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
			//System.out.println("Click");
			frame = new ViewerButtonFrame();
			if(cmdsUrl != null && simulationIconDir != null){
				try {
					viewerPanel.fileOpen();
					viewerPanel.lastCall();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Eigenstaendiger Frame zum Anzeigen des ViewerPanel
	 */
	class ViewerButtonFrame extends JFrame{
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

		public ViewerButtonFrame(){
			super(title);
			if(viewerPanel != null){
				this.getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout(1,1));
				this.getContentPane().add(viewerPanel);
				// setings for ViewerApplet
				this.setJMenuBar(viewerPanel.createMenueBar(null));
				this.getLayeredPane().add(ViewerPanel.getInfoPane(), JLayeredPane.DRAG_LAYER);
			}
			this.setBounds(viewerRectangle);
			this.setVisible(true);
		}
	}
}


The Green Mountain Film Festival turns 21 this year, and executive director Karen Dillon is determined to throw a big party. The "coming-of-age" theme informs much of the film and special events programming in Dillon's rookie year at the helm.
As usual, the 10-day event will dominate the Savoy Theater and touch down at other Montpelier venues. This year, though, the fest is also putting down a stake in Chittenden County.
"We are really focused on getting the best possible films to the Green Mountain Film Festival so that the community can be inspired ... [and] come together around critical conversations," Dillon said.
Featuring 82 feature films and 75 shorts, the fest will kick off with a theme party on Friday, March 16, at Montpelier's Vermont College of Fine Arts. Guests are encouraged to dress in their best clothes that evoke the year 1968.
"For many in the GMFF audience, 'coming of age' was defined by their experiences in '60s counter-culture," writes Dillon in the festival's program. The year 1968, she continued, "was an era that proved a galvanized youth culture could disrupt a conservative society and shift its values."
This year, several films celebrate activism and community engagement. One of them is The Divine Order, a comedy about the female suffragette movement in Switzerland in the 1970s. "It's very funny. It's very warm. It's a great women-empowerment movie," Dillon said.
Another film that celebrates resistance is The Maribor Uprisings, an interactive documentary about a revolt in the industrial city of Maribor in Slovenia. What makes it "interactive"? Director Milo Guillen, who will be present to facilitate a conversation with the audience, will also stop the film at certain points and ask viewers to choose which cameras they'd like to follow. The documentary will go in the direction they decide. "It's kinda a 'choose your own storytelling' adventure," Dillon said.
From September through January, a 30-member screening committee watched and rated fest films submitted through the FilmFreeway website, as well as ones solicited directly from filmmakers and distributors.
Films that haven't yet screened at Vermont's commercial theaters are festival highlights, including the German drama In the Fade, a Golden Globe Award winner; and political satire The Death of Stalin, from "Veep" creator Armando Iannucci.
The programmers also included some films that didn't receive high ratings from the screeners because they provide "great opportunities to create important community dialogue around a topic or subject," said Dillon.
It wouldn't be the Green Mountain Film Festival without locally made coming-of-age films in the lineup. Off the Street, made in 1968 but not screened until 2017, documents a group of students who spent eight weeks at the Vermont Academy in Saxtons River months after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
The film's Pavilion Building Auditorium screening on Saturday, March 17, has been paired with that of another short documentary about student activism — "Raise a Flag of Revolution: Black Lives Matter at the University of Vermont." UVM students Meghan Nanan and Nishani Kessler directed the documentary and will join a panel discussion on the connection between race and education in Vermont.
For the first time since the inception of GMFF, films will also be screened at Essex Cinemas in Essex Junction. "Bringing the festival to Essex really gives us a chance to make it bigger," said Eric Reynolds, who was instrumental in that shift. Now the Essex's general manager, he was heavily involved in GMFF during his nearly 14 years of working at the Savoy Theater.
In another nod to the coming-of-age theme, 21 films will be shown in Essex. Reynolds is looking forward to Rory Kennedy's movie about a surfing pioneer, Take Every Wave: The Life of Laird Hamilton, which will screen at the T-Rex Theater, the biggest in the state.
"That particular film is going to play very well on a big, giant screen, with those giant waves," Reynolds said.
The partnership with GMFF will allow Essex Cinemas to play art-house films that it doesn't always get to screen, he added. Reynolds hopes that moviegoers in Chittenden County will turn up in strong numbers to send a clear message that they're "interested in alternative programming."
"If they are able to support it, we can do this kind of thing again," he said.
Despite its name, the GMFF isn't solely about films. "We wanted the Green Mountain Film Festival to really feel festive," Dillon said. "We wanted it to feel like a party for everyone."
If a '68 theme party isn't enough to drive the March blues away, moviegoers can dress up as Charlie Chaplin, get their photos taken and watch a free screening of A Dog's Life at the Savoy on March 17.
This year, the festival also offers programming that combines film and a culinary experience. Four exclusive Film to Table events give members of the audience a chance to meet filmmakers in an intimate, dinner-party format.
Viewers of films where food features prominently can enjoy meals that originate from those movies' country or region of origin. For instance, on Sunday, March 18, at VCFA, Nipponophiles who wish they could taste the work of renowned chef Osamu Tomita, as portrayed in Ramen Heads, can opt for the next best thing: Watch a cook-off between New England Culinary Institute students, sample ramen dishes and vote on the winner.
The last day of the festival will bring the Vermont Filmmakers Summit, dedicated to screening films about Vermont or made by a Vermonter.
"I hope the day turns into more than just screenings," said Dillon. She envisions filmmakers using the opportunity to build a stronger film network in Vermont.
"I want to support film in Vermont, people who love film and audiences who love film," she said.


text:
Julius Pratt & Company / Pratt, Read & Company design in collections and exhibitions, and historical information
ADC staff
artdesigncafé - design | Design Meriden | 18 December 2018 | Updated 20 April 2019
"... Julius Pratt & Company, successor to Howard Pratt & Co., became the leader in the comb industry. To this plant the great elephant tusks, weighing from 60 to 80 pounds apiece, were brought to be processed into combs in about 20 operations. Blanks were fed to automatic machines which stamped out the combs complete. In the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D.C. is a solid ivory cane with gold mountings [shown in photo above] made by Julius Pratt & Co. and presented by the firm to President John Quincy Adams.
The plant of Walter Webb & Co., at first in Crow Hollow and later at Hanover, was a Pratt auxiliary, with purchases and sales for a joint account... At one time, three fourths of the ivory combs made in America were turned out by the Pratt interests... Julius Pratt & Co. [also] made bone handles for [table cutlery]... Walter Webb & Co. at Hanover acquired the process [to produce table cutlery], and the firm of Pratt, Ropes, Webb & Co. was formed in 1845 to turn out the product. Ten years later, the Meriden Cutlery Company was organized to continue with the line, and bone-handled table cutlery remained an important Meriden product for a long period..." (In Wendover, Sanford H. (1956). 150 years of Meriden, pp. 82-84. See entry below.)
A. Julius Pratt & Company / Pratt, Read & Company designs in collections
Info/photo status: = info and photo online
= info online, no photo
= completely offline
1844 - Right to Petition Cane
Julius Pratt & Company for John Quincy Adams. (1844). Right to Petition Cane. Ivory, gold and silk. (ID number: PL.016155. Viewed 18 December 2018. J00237).
Photo - National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
B. Julius Pratt & Company / Pratt, Read & Company in exhibitions
1851 - Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, London
1 May - 15 October 1851. Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, Crystal Palace, London, England.
> Unspecified designs exhibition by "Julius Pratt & Co., ivory veneer", prize medal recipient.
For documentation, see historical section below.
1865 - American Institute Fair, New York
12 - 19 October 1865. American Institute Fair, New York.
> Exhibited by Pratt, Read & Company: "a superior case of ivory goods— silver medal".
1876 - Pratt, Read & Co. in Centennial International Exhibition, Philadelphia
10 May - 10 November 1876. Centennial International Exhibition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
This compilation, with a Meriden-area focus, stops at 1876 with regard to the historical work as the Meriden operations ceased in 1871.
2000 - National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
c. November 2000. The American Presidency exhibition / exhibit at National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
> Exhibited Right to Petition cane by Julius Pratt & Company.
See our Design Meriden compilation listing over 1000 exhibitions since 1851, featuring historical design associated with the Meriden area.
C. Julius Pratt & Company / Pratt, Read & Company - historical information (by year)
Material status: = online
= link to more info
Various newspapers, magazines and other sources
(c. 1822-). Various newspapers, magazines and other sources - search engines. (Updated 20 April 2019.)
Online - archive.org;
Online - Chronicling America at Library of Congress;
Online - fultonhistory.com (over 40 million historical newspaper pages);
Online - Google Books;
Online - Google News;
Online - HathiTrust Digital Library.
1792-1888 - account books
Ruthven & Son, New York. (1792-1888). Account books [with Julius Pratt & Co., Meriden, CT, listed as a subject]. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00919).
New York Historical Society archives, New York.
1831-1835 - account book
(1831-35). Thomas Howard and William J. Webb account book. ["Account book originally kept by Thomas Howard of Providence, Rhode Island. Howard listed purchases of items such as elephant teeth, ivory, and tortoise shell in Providence, New York, and Boston. In 1824 Howard partnered with Julius Pratt and others, creating the comb manufacturing company Howard Pratt & Co. in Meriden, Connecticut."] (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00924).
Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, call no. 66336-08.
1839-1870s - corporation records
Pratt, Read & Company. (1839-1870s). Corporation records. ["Records documenting Pratt, Read and Company; its early competitor and later partner, Comstock, Cheney and Company; and a number of predecessor, subsidiary and related companies."] (Viewed 18 December 2018. D00454).
Smithsonian Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Collection ID: NMAH.AC.0320.
1840 - patent - machine for planing and forming ivory or other comb-plates
William M. Fowler, assignor to Julius Pratt (and others). (28 October 1840). Letters patent no. 1837: Machine for planing and forming ivory or other comb-plates. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00913).
Online - Google Patents. (See pdf).
1846 - news mention
(1 December 1846). Destructive fire [with mention of Julius Pratt & Co.] The Sun (Baltimore), p. 1. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00905).
See worldcat.org for locations.
"The Ivory Comb Manufactory, at Meriden, Connecticut, belonging to Messrs. Julius Pratt & Co., was consumed, with its contents, on Friday last. Thirty thousand pounds of ivory were stored in the cellar, and the loss is set down at $75,000, not one half of which is insured. It is feared, also, that Wm. B. Hull, the watchman of the building has perished in the flames." (Full excerpt from above.)
1849 - book mention
Perkins, G.W. (1849). Appendix no. 12: "Manufactures in Meriden in 1849" [with mentions of Pratt-related companies], pp. 115-16. In Historical sketches of Meriden. 117 pp. Franklin E. Hinman: West Meriden. (Viewed 20 December 2018. A00779-80).
Online - Harvard University library.
"At the present time, all the ivory combs in America, are manufactured in Connecticut, and nearly two-thirds of the whole are made in Meriden... Howard, Pratt & Co., began to manufacture ivory combs in Meriden in 1822. This firm is now in existence under the name of Julius Pratt & Co. ... Walter Webb & Co., commenced the business in 1831... Quantities of these are exported to all parts of North and South America, and some are even sent to England...."
"Julius Pratt & Co.— Ivory Combs, of great variety of sizes and quality; 42 hands."
"Walter Webb & Co.— Ivory Combs of great variety of sizes and qualities; 33 hands."
"Pratt, Ropes, Webb & Co.— Table cutlery of great variety of size, finish and cost: 75 hands." (Excerpts from above.)
1849 - patent - making ivory fine-tooth combs
Fenner Bush and Julius H. Pratt. (5 June 1849). Letters patent no. 6492: Making ivory fine-tooth combs. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00914).
1851 - spotlighted news mention - Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, London
(15 November 1851). Premiums at the World's Exhibition [in London, 1 May - 15 October 1851, with mention: "Prize medals... Julius Pratt & Co., ivory veneer"]. Ohio Cultivator, pp. 7, 22. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00906).
1852 - broadside
Pratt, Ropes, Webb & Co. (1852). Superior American table cutlery: Manufactured by Pratt, Ropes, Webb & Co., for sale at their depot, No. 90 Jones Street, corner of Gold Street, New-York. 1 sheet. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00918).
New York Historical Society, New York, call no. Broadsides SY1852 no.47.
1856 - news announcement
(16 February 1856). Dissolution: "The partnership heretofore existing between the undersigned, under the firm of Pratt, Webb & Co., is this day dissolved by mutual consent. Julius Pratt & Co., Hanover Co., Walter W. Webb, New York, Feb 1, 1856". New York Daily Times, p. 7. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00907).
(16 February 1856). Copartnership: "The undersigned have this day associated themselves under the name of the American Ivory Comb Co., and will continue the business heretofore carried on by the firm Pratt, Webb & Co., at No. 57 Maiden-lane. Julius Pratt & Co., Hanover Co." New York Daily Times, p. 7. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00907).
1856 - patent - frame for bleaching ivory
A. C. Breckenridge, assignor to Julius Pratt & Co. (19 August 1856). Letters patent no. 15,590: Frame for bleaching ivory. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00916).
1856 - patent - machine for sizing comb-blanks
Wm Fosket and Benjn S. Stedman, assignors to Julius Pratt & Co. (26 August 1856). Letters patent no. 15,634: Machine for sizing comb-blanks. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00917).
(8 May 1861). State items [with mention: "The extensive comb and ivory factory of Julius Pratt & Co. at Meriden, was destroyed by fire on Saturday. Loss $80,000; insured $43,000. The fire was incendiary".] Hartford Daily Courant, p. 2. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00908).
1861 - patent - machine for gaging and toothing ivory for pianoforte-keys
Elliott Savage, assignor to Julius Pratt & Co. (30 July 1861). Letters patent no. 32,967: Machine for gaging and toothing ivory for pianoforte-keys. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00915).
c. 1863 or before - design catalogue cover
Julius Pratt & Company. (c. 1863 or before). Catalogue (cover only). [Number of pages of catalogue unknown.] (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00904).
Pratt, Read Corporation Records, Smithsonian Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Collection ID: NMAH.AC.0320, Box 1, Folder 1.
"In 1863, the firms of George Read & Company, Julius Pratt & Company, and Pratt Brothers & Company, were merged to form Pratt, Read & Company." [Pratt, Read & Company. (1839-1870s). Corporation records. Overview page. See Smithsonian archive listing above.]
1865 - spotlighted news mention - Pratt, Read & Company in American Institute fair
(24 October 1865). Connecticut wares at the American Institute [with mention: "Pratt, Read & Co., Meriden, for a superior case of ivory goods— silver medal"]. Hartford Courant, p. 2. (Viewed 18 December 2018. D00520-21.)
For announcement of dates of exhibition, see: Offline - (26 July 1865). American Institute. Hartford Courant, p. 2. (See worldcat.org for locations.)
(19 January 1866). State matters [with mention: "Meriden... A single load of ivory taken to Pratt, Read & Co.'s, Prattsville, was valued at $50,000".] Hartford Daily Courant, p. 2. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00912).
1868 - mention in book
Bishop, J. Leander et al. (1868). Mention of Read, Pratt & Co. ["... manufactured Ivory Combs and Piano Ivory to the amount of $175,000. A consolidation of all the principal firms engaged in the manufacture of Ivory Combs in the United States, has been recently effected, and their principal factory at Meriden."] A history of American manufactures from 1608-1860 (3rd edition, revised and enlarged), p. 426. Philadelphia: Edward Young & Co. (Viewed 19 December 2018. A00816-18).
Online - New York Public Library.
1868? - historical information
Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors. (1868?). "Julius Pratt vs. the Meriden Cutlery Company". In "Connecticut Supreme court of errors, record of cases on appeal, 1868". (Viewed 20 December 2018. A00678.)
George Washington University library, Washington, DC, Boston University Law Libraries, call no. MOML Trials.
See worldcat.org for more locations.
1869 - obituary
(31 August 1869). Death of Julius Pratt. Hartford Daily Courant, p. 2. (Viewed 18 December 2018. L00909).
"... Mr. Pratt has been a leading manufacturer in Connecticut for many years. He was a pioneer in the ivory comb business, and established himself early in Meriden, growing up wth the place. Only a few weeks ago he resigned the presidency of Pratt, Reed & Co., a position he had held for fifty consecutive years... when told that if war ensued his business in the South would be wholly cut off, characteristically replied: 'If the South don't want my combs, on their heads would be the consequences.'"
"In 1871, the old Julius Pratt & Company factory in Meriden was closed and its operations moved to Deep River." [Pratt, Read & Company. (1839-1870s). Corporation records. Overview page. See Smithsonian archive listing above.]
Curtis, George D. (1877). Souvenir of the Centennial exhibition: Connecticut's representation at Philadelphia, 1876 [with mention: "Ivory Goods— Pratt, Read & Co., Deep River, ivory combs, piano and organ keys, ivory veneers, etc."], p. 125. Geo. D. Curtis: Hartford, Conn. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00920-21).
Online - University of Connecticut library.
c. 1900-50 - Julius Pratt in archival papers
(c. 1900-50). Willoughby Farr [antique dealer] papers. [Julius Pratt is listed as a topic, number of relevant papers unknown.] (Viewed 18 December G00218).
Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library, Delaware, col. 392.
1956 - historical information
Wendover, Sanford H. (1956). On Julius Pratt & Company and related companies. In 150 years of Meriden, pp. 82-84. (See excerpt at the top of this webpage.) Meriden: Meriden Sesquicentennial Committee. [Published in connection with the observance of the city's sesquicentennial, June 17-23, 1956. (Updated 18 December 2018. A00789-90).
Online - Courtesy of University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs, CT.
1973 - booklet
Deep River Historical Society. (1973). A history of Pratt, Read & Co. of Deep River, Connecticut. 9 pp. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00922).
New York Public Library, call no. NYGB CONN. L D36.05. (See worldcat.org for other locations.)
2000 - spotlighted news mention - Julius Pratt & Company in National Museum of American History, Smithsonian exhibition
Doster, Alexis. (November 2000). Recollecting the presidents: An election year exhibition proudly hails the chiefs [The American Presidency exhibition (c. November 2000). Smithsonian (Washington, DC), pp. 75-8, 80 82-5. (Viewed 26 December 2018. L00910).
Presumed photo caption: "Former President JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1825-29) served in the House of Representatives, where he argued in favor of the creation of the Smithsonian. He received an ivory cane from Julius Pratt & Company of Meriden Connecticut, for his efforts toward the abolition of slavery." (Excerpt from above.)
2014 - feature article
Rubinstein, Harry R. (22 September 2014). The cane that struck against slavery [about the Julius Pratt & Co. gift, the "Right to Petition Cane", to John Quincy Adams]. whatitmeanstobeamerican.org. (Viewed 20 December 2018. L00925).
Online - What it means to be American website (hosted by The Smithsonian and Arizona State University).
"... The elegant cane was presented to Massachusetts Congressman John Quincy Adams— the former president— in March 1844, by Henry Ellsworth, commissioner of the U.S. Patent Office... a trophy to recognize Adams for his role in the ongoing battle to abolish slavery. The cane was a gift from Julius Pratt and Co. of Meriden, Connecticut, one of the country's leading importers of ivory. Pratt, an active abolitionist... " (Excerpt from above; photo of the cane at the top of this webpage.)
n. d. - unpublished (?) manuscript
Johnson, Curtiss Sherman. (undated). From ivory combs to Carnegie Hall — and today: The history of the Pratt-Read Corporation. 140 pp. (Viewed 19 December 2018. L00923).
Connecticut Historical Society library, Hartford, call no. 84142.


text:
The sigmoid colon (or pelvic colon) is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about  in length. The loop is typically shaped like a Greek letter sigma (ς) or Latin letter S (thus sigma + -oid). This part of the colon normally lies within the pelvis, but due to its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.

Structure
The sigmoid colon begins at the superior aperture of the lesser pelvis, where it is continuous with the iliac colon, and passes transversely across the front of the sacrum to the right side of the pelvis.

It then curves on itself and turns toward the left to reach the middle line at the level of the third piece of the sacrum, where it bends downward and ends in the rectum.

Its function is to expel solid and gaseous waste from the gastrointestinal tract. The curving path it takes toward the anus allows it to store gas in the superior arched portion, enabling the colon to expel gas without excreting faeces simultaneously.

Coverings
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.

Nerve supply
Pelvic splanchnic nerves are the primary source for parasympathetic innervation.  Lumbar splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation via the inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Relations
Behind the sigmoid colon are the external iliac vessels, ovary, obturator nerve, the left Piriformis, and left sacral plexus of nerves.

In front, it is separated from the bladder in the male, and the uterus in the female, by some coils of the small intestine.

Clinical significance

Diverticulosis often occurs in the sigmoid colon in association with increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in the colonic wall. It is a common cause of hematochezia.

Volvulus occurs when a portion of the bowel twists around its mesentery, which can lead to obstruction and infarction. Volvulus in the elderly commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon, whereas in infants and children it is more likely to occur in the midgut. This may correct itself spontaneously or the rotation may continue until the blood supply of the gut is cut off completely.

Additional images

References

External links

  - "The large intestine."

Digestive system
Large intestine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Ordinations in the Missionary Diocese of the East
November 9, 2013 /in Clergy /by Admin
November 9th 2013 – Ordinations in the Missionary Diocese of the East
The Rev. Messrs. Michael Bolt and Darrell Holman were ordained to the priesthood by the Rt. Rev. Joseph H. Dobson, IV, at Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Huntersville, NC. The Rev Darrell Holman will assist at Amazing Grace Anglican Church, Gastonia, NC. It is understood that the Rev. Michael Bolt will be assigned to missionary work in the western part of North Carolina.
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Missionary Diocese of the West 2013 Convocation
October 25, 2013 /in Dioceses /by Admin
October 25th 2013 – Missionary Diocese of the West Convocation
Missionary Diocese of the West holds its Convocation at St Patrick's Anglican Church, Hemet, Calif.. Representations were present from three of the four parishes in the Missionary Diocese; one parish and one mission were officially excused. The Convocation voted to admit St Augustine's Anglican Church, Phoenix, AZ as a Mission of the Diocese.
The bishop – the Most Rev. Peter D. Robinson reported that the he had ordained one priest in the past year, the Rev. Fr. Frank Hume-Dawson, who serves as Priest in Charge of St Augustine's, Phoenix. He has also received one postulant for training for the sacred ministry in the Missionary District of the West. The diocese reported an approximately 15% increase in communicants.
Elections were held to fill vacancies on the Diocesan Council of Advice.
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Presiding Bishop attends ACC synod
October 24, 2013 /in National Church /by Admin
October 23rd – 24th 2013 – Presiding Bishop attends ACC Synod
The Most Rev. Peter D. Robinson attended the Provincial Synod of the Anglican Catholic Church held in Newport Beach, Calif., and was invited to address the Synod by the Archbishop of the ACC, the Most Rev. Mark Haverland. Bishop Robinson's remarks addressed the need for the Church to put Evangelism ahead of church politics, and to allow doing the Lord's work to draw us together, rather than wasting time and effort on man-made schemes for unity.
The United Episcopal Church, and the Anglican Catholic Church share a common origin in the 1977 Congress of Concerned Churchmen which took place in St Louis, MO, and led to the foundation of the Continuing Anglican Movement.
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Tracey & Werner got married at the beautiful Meander Manor in Salt Rock. It was a gorgeous intimate wedding with close family and friends overlooking the Indian Ocean. Tracey's nieces arrived from England just in time for hair and make-up. It was an emotional day, unfortunately Tracey's sister had to have minor surgery and was unable to travel. The wedding was delayed by an hour while we waited for the girls and their dad to arrive. Many tears were shed but many photos and video clips were captured throughout the day to ensure everyone could relive the day. Here is my version of the story. Enjoy!


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