The second Star Wars: The Last Jedi trailer has a lot more reveals than the last one, but somehow most of the movie is still shrouded in mystery. The movie is going to release in just over 2 months time, and Lucasfilm's spoiler avoidant marketing appears to have been more than successful at making it look exciting and interesting without giving away any major plot details that otherwise wise ruin the movie's twists and turns.
Even so, there's still a good a deal of information to be gleaned from the two and a half minute trailer in order to confirm rumors, give credence to fan theories, or spawn entirely new paths of speculation.
Needless to say, the following may contain spoilers for Star Wars: The Last Jedi.
While The Force Awakens didn't establish much about the First Order other than some of its military capabilities, including Starkiller Base, The Last Jedi seems to be taking us into the heart of the First Order's infrastructure, which is likely Supreme Leader Snoke's Mega-Class Star Destroyer - the Supremacy. The Supremacy is massive and is said to be used to not only house large numbers of ships and infantry, but it also has the ability to construct First Order Star Destroyers.
We know Kylo Ren is returning to Snoke at the end of The Force Awakens, so when we see him sans helmet and cape overlooking a massive hanger and the construction of Gorilla Walkers, AT-AT's and more, it seems logical to assume that's where he is. While Snoke was just a hologram last time we saw him, we are now near the center of his operation, meaning there may be quite a few reveals to be had regarding the inner functions of the First Order from shipbuilding and troop training to maybe even some sort of its political machinations.
The massive battle teased at Crait is being set up as one of the most iconic moments of the movie with the planet's red color visible under the thin layer of salt, creating a colorful effect when it's disturbed such as when resistance ski-speeders fly over it.
While not much is known about what makes Crait important and why the First Order and Resistance have chosen it as the best place to face off, several new images from the trailer help fill in the gaps. First is the All Terrain MegaCaliber Six, AKA the AT-M6, AKA "gorilla walkers." This may not be the first time they've been revealed in the movie's marketing, but the line of heavy war machines is bound to pose a threat to the resistance. Interesting enough, the lineup also features what appear to be classic All Terrain Armored Transport (AT-AT) walkers with a slightly updated head. Assuming they're the same size as the original models, it just shows how vast the Gorilla Walkers actually are and also suggests that the AT-M& isn't merely an AT-AT replacement, but that the vehicle may serve a distinctly different purpose altogether.
It's hard to read too much into this because entire battle devoid of context, but a shot of Resistance soldiers and some sort of crystalline looking fox creatures fleeing toward a hanger suggests maybe it doesn't go so well for the Resistance.
Kylo Ren seemed unstoppable in his first appearance onscreen when he stops a blaster bolt with the Force, but by the end of the movie we see him bested by the untrained newcomer, Rey, and Snoke commands Ren return to him to complete his training. While we've seen plenty of established dark side master/apprentice relationships in the history of Star Wars with Darth Sidious' apprentices from Darth Maul to Darth Tyrannus (Count Dooku) to Darth Vader, most of these relationships appear on screen fully formed. Vader turns to the dark side at the end of Revenge of the Sith and by the time we get to A New Hope, he seems to have the villain thing all sorted out, with all that development happening in non-movie stories.
Kylo Ren is different. Kylo Ren has only been training under Snoke for a few years, and the fact that Snoke has more to teach him about the Force means that, while they aren't Sith, we may finally get a better glimpse of that dark relationship here. What's apparent from the trailer is that Ren has to submit himself to Snoke. We see him in a completely red room, presumably Snoke's throne room, with Praetorian guards around the perimeter, and Ren has to pick up his lightsaber from the floor, which is an odd place for him to leave it, suggesting he had to set it down to kneel or subjugate himself before his master. While this isn't a big reveal in and of itself, it's definitely a major change from his interaction with the giant hologram of Episode VII.
After waiting over 30 years to see what happened to Luke Skywalker after Return of the Jedi, The Force Awakens played a cruel tease by leaving his reveal to the very last moment of the movie, telling us only that he went into exile after Ben Solo became Kylo Ren and ruined his efforts to bring the Jedi Order back. It wasn't until the first trailer for The Last Jedi where we even hear any dialogue from him, but most of what he says is merely a repetition of the film's title, saying "It's time for the Jedi to end."
This trailer, however, gives us a lot more, but it might not be the Luke some fans want. He seems uncertain of himself and suspicious of Rey. When he sees just how much "raw power" she has, he tells her "I've seen this raw strength only once before it didn't scare me enough then. It does now." While admitting he's scared is not necessarily the same thing as giving in to fear, it nonetheless presents the question. As we all know, fear is the path to the dark side - the same path his father took to get there. Han said Luke's objective in going into hiding was to discover the first Jedi Temple, which made it sound like maybe he was in exile because he was seeking wisdom, knowledge, or some other source of aid, but maybe it's fear that's keeping him on Ahch-To now. Fear of failure, fear of inadequacy, fear that he himself will fall to the dark side. Either way, the courageous bright-eyed young man that destroyed the first Death Star and brought Anakin Skywalker back from the dark side is nowhere to be seen in Luke's face in this trailer.
Leading up to The Force Awakens, Star Wars canon seemed to have an interesting focus on these Force trees. The Shattered Empire comic book set right after Return of the Jedi sees Luke and Shara Bey, Poe Dameron's mother, go to one of Sheev Palpatine's secret research outposts to recover two sapling trees he cut from the giant tree in the courtyard of the Jedi Temple on Coruscant. The trees were strong in the Force and it seemed like they would be central to rebuilding the Jedi Order, but he gave one away to the Dameron family when they settled on Yavin IV and kept the other, which we have yet to see again.
If the trees have some sort of connection to the Jedi Order, or particularly Jedi Temples, then it stands to reason that the first Jedi Temple on Ahch-To might also be the site of one of the oldest trees. Or, as we see in this newest trailer, the old tree and the first Jedi Temple may be one in the same. We already saw the ancient books bearing the Jedi sigil inside what could be assumed to be a tree from the last trailer, but when we see that shot again here, it's placed right after a shot of Rey approaching a very big very old very dead tree, suggesting it houses the little library. While the dead tree very well may be representative of Luke's faith in the Jedi way, it's also a symbol of the Jedi Order itself, which is all but dead.
It would be very symbolic for Luke to have planted the sapling Force tree near that site, but considering he only came to Ahch-To after an attempt to start another Jedi Academy, it's highly possible that sapling was destroyed with his academy, meaning the last of the Force trees is gone, as the Jedi are about to be.
The Last Jedi will only be the second new Star Wars episode of the new era, but we've already seen some impressive displays of Force powers, from Ren stopping a blaster bolt in mid-air to Rey learning how to tap into an innate connection to the Force and defeat Kylo Ren in combat. This trailer is all about that new, intense power. In the opening, Snoke calls it "raw, untamed power," and Luke, likewise, calls it "raw strength." Looking back on the title of The Force Awakens, the decision to call it that might be making a little more sense.
We hear Rey saying "something inside me has always been there, but now it's awake and I need help," so it's clear she's feeling it now even more than she was before, and Luke is obviously shocked by her power in a way that actually makes him concerned, and he suggests that he's only felt that kind of power when he was training his nephew. What makes this most interesting is that, while Snoke and Luke both use the term "raw" here, Snoke craves that power while Luke is "scared" by it. Is the trailer's audio editing tricky and they're both talking to Rey, or are Rey and Ren unique in that they both have a uniquely raw strength? A mysterious entry in the databank on StarWars.com has always said that the two are linked by a "mysterious connection." Whatever that connection is, it seems Luke can feel it.
Exactly what makes Star Wars Star Wars has always been, and probably will always be, up for debate, but there are a number of consistent factors in each of the movies many people can agree on, and one of those is the fact that Star Wars doesn't ever use flashbacks. This unspoken rule was broken in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, but that wasn't an actual "episode," and was intended to stray outside certain conventions. This was a big question leading up to The Force Awakens because there were some moments in the trailers that looked like they could actually be flashbacks, only for it to be a "Forceback" vision/dream Rey had when first making contact with the old Skywalker lightsaber.
Kylo Ren's introduction in The Force Awakens may have made him look cold and in control, but it was quickly revealed that he was far more conflicted than he let on and his emotions regularly got the better of him, losing his cool and slashing apart a console on his Star Destroyer and showing a resistance to his master's orders when facing off against his father. It seems fairly clear that Ren wants to be evil, and while it might come naturally sometimes, he's even confessed to "feeling the pull to the light."
This same conflict is front and center again in The Last Jedi when he takes off his helmet - revealing a fancy synth-skin bandage on his face where Rey slashed him during their battle - and begins smashing his headgear against the wall, possibly leading to the image of the helmet and mask laying destroyed on the ground from the first trailer.
Being Star Wars, fans are naturally curious if Ren will seek redemption, or if it's even possible after he killed the Jedi and Han Solo. Whatever the case, it likely won't just be fans wondering if Ren will continue down this dark path as far as it will take him, or if he'll ever try to be Ben Solo again.
The ashes of Starkiller Base are still hot when the movie first starts, and the First Order knows exactly where to find the Resistance, so they'll be headed straight to the base on D'Qar as the resistance attempts to flee. Based on a few shots of space combat in which D'Qar's asteroid belt can be seen, the First Order, with at least a couple Star Destroyers and what's bound to be numerous TIE fighters, can be seen taking down a good number of the fleeing Resistance ships as they presumably try to jump to Crait.
Poe Dameron, who otherwise doesn't get much attention this trailer, has a big part in this battle as we see him engaging both TIE's and a Star Destroyer as well as utilizing his fancy extra booster on the back of his X-Wing. While the initial reveal that he has this upgrade made it sound like it was intended to help him escape tight spots, the trailer shows him using it to hurtle towards the First Order's oncoming D'Qar invasion force.
Ben Solo may be the son of Han Solo, but as Kylo Ren it's hard to see any traces of the old scoundrel in him at all. He is actuaslly Han's opposite in many ways: he trained to be a Jedi, he abandoned those close to him, and he's super intense, but it seems like a hint of that old Solo spark might shine through in The Last Jedi, as well as a heaping helping of Skywalker when he gets behind the stick of his TIE silencer. Don't be surprised if the son of Han Solo and the grandson of Anakin Skywalker is more dangerous than ever when he's flying.
We definitely see a bit of his grandfather in him here, too, not just in his prototype TIE fighter that clearly resembles Vader's own TIE Advanced, but the way he simply rips through the Resistance fleet may remind a good number of fans of the time Darth Vader laid waste to most of Phoenix Squadron on Star Wars Rebels.
Speaking of Kylo Ren's TIE Silencer, we get more than a good look at it in the trailer, including a shot that reveals the massive Mega-Class Star Destroyer, the Supremacy, in the background. The TIE Supremacy is a fairly natural evolution from the classic TIE design, but it's clearly a larger size and its boxy red cockpit instantly makes it iconic compared to its simplistic TIE fighter cousins.
The Supremacy, on the other hand, is a major departure from the more familiar triangle shape of Star Destroyers, but it's also an incomparably big, with a wingspan that's more than 8 times the bow-to-stern length of a Super Star Destroyer. This behemoth is the center of the First Order's power and even serves as a sort of mobile shipyard, with the facilities to produce more Star Destroyers on board. Without any planets to establish a bearing, it's hard to know where or when this battle takes place, but considering the Resistance ships appear to be engaging, not fleeing, this is most likely not a part of the opening space battle.
Kylo Ren's physical scars still haven't healed from the duel he had on Starkiller base after killing his father, but that doesn't stop him from going after his mother, Leia. We still don't know the sequence of events that led to him turning on his uncle's Jedi, killing them and joining the First Order, but he was obviously strongly affected, believing he has power in his destiny, saying "kill it, if you have to. That's the only way to become who you're meant to be." Despite this dangerous mantra, it looks like he hesitates after targeting the bridge of the Mon Calamari Cruiser his mother is on. Is the pain from killing Han still too fresh, or has he always shared a stronger bond to his mother, making it harder to pull the trigger on her?
Regardless, the idea of literally putting Leia in his crosshairs is sure to get a reaction from fans after the tragic passing of Carrie Fisher at the end of last year. Her remaining role in the universe is uncertain, but there has been a lot of discussion over her story being properly resolved in Episode IX, meaning we won't have to sit through Kylo Ren continuing to kill our heroes, which admittedly just wouldn't go over well.
The Porgs are all the rave with The Last Jedi, and apparently, they're fairly prolific on the island of Ahch-To, but this trailer only features one, and it appears to have significantly more personality than people had been ascribing them previously. While it could just be this single moment and not a predominant characteristic, the behavior of the porg when it bellows to echo Chewbacca almost leans more toward Minion than it does penguin, but either way, it appears Chewbacca has a new pet - or friend - in the single porg that tags along to Crait, although fans would surely be excited to learn the Falcon's cargo hold has been entirely taken over by the winged creatures.
The porgs have already drawn some comparisons to the somewhat controversial Ewoks of Return of the Jedi, but it's not yet clear if they're able to play a part in the story of if they're just some fluffy eye candy and comedic relief and play no other role. Either way, you can expect this movie to sell a lot of stuffed porgs.
Anyone still mad that Phasma didn't get any epic fight scenes in The Force Awakens should be thrilled to see this. Phasma and Finn finally face off for the first time (say that 5 times fast) in what looks like one of the most visually impressive scenes in the trailer. Phasma's armor has never looked cooler, and you can even see Finn's reflection in her helmet.
How we get here is another story. There's an earlier shot in the trailer of Finn being led by stormtroopers indicating he's been captured. Since the fight scene appears to take place in the hangar bay of the Supremacy, Finn is probably on the Mega Sar Destroyer. With one of the last shots of the trailers suggesting Rey may also be holed up on the ship somewhere, this could be a rescue mission, but the state of the hanger indicates there's a lot more going on, and maybe the Resistance was able to land a major blow as a part of a more coordinated effort.
Rey appears to undergo a variety of different training programs on the island under Luke's supervision, although it's not clear exactly how long the training lasts in total. This shot has her diving into a pool and swimming to the bottom, possibly in search of something, and we see a dangerous looking skull with long teeth visible down in the corner of the screen.
This could simply be a physical conditioning exercise, but she appears to be in search of something. According to some of the promotional images. Luke's X-Wing, and who knows what else, appear to have sunken to the bottom of the ocean near the island. Luke also noticeable isn't carrying his green-bladed lightsaber in any of the images (not even at his belt), so it's possible that many of Luke's belongings, including his lightsaber, are with his X-Wing, or maybe he even sank them himself as a part of his self-imposed exile.
After only appearing in giant hologram, Snoke finally makes his way to the screen and he looks like another brilliant Andy Serkis motion-capture creation. Given, Snoke looks close enough to human that it should be possible to portray him simply with traditional makeup - like Emperor Palpatine in Return of the Jedi, but if Snoke is truly far taller than a normal human, then that would make more sense. It's difficult to gauge his height with the limited context of the shots he appears in here.
In the fashion of the traditional Star Wars baddie, he's urging Rey to fulfill her destiny and join him. His Force powers are on display here as he levitates Rey as she squirms, clearly in pain. Now that we know Kylo Ren and Rey both go to Crait, that's probably how she got captured again, although, after the way her last fight with Ren went, it's hard to imagine her capture being a simple task, unless she went willingly, which could very well be an indication from the next scene.
This last scene might be the biggest shocker of the whole thing. In fact, if you string Rey's dialogue together from the beginning of the trailer, it appears as if maybe everything she says could belong to this final scene, making her dialogue "something inside me has always been there, but now it's awake and I need help... I need someone to show me my place in all this" If that is truly all spoken to Kylo Ren, there's a number of potential scenarios.
First, the impression the trailer gives is that maybe Luke's refusal to train her eventually forced her to leave and she's now willing to explore other options. This seems fairly unlikely since she just saw him kill Han Solo, but it's still a possibility. The other is that this scene isn't actually happening. Looking around the background, it appears as if they're in the middle of a burning structure. Her Forceback in The Force Awakens notably ended with Kylo Ren, so what if that happens again here when she sees Luke's temple destroyed and then she has this vision.
Either way, it gives the impression, or hope, even, that Rey and Kylo will find a way to settle their differences and fight on the same side. For who and against what, who knows, but taken in context, it seems very unlikely that the two would actually form any kind of alliance, at least not in this movie.
Jumping off that last point, Luke has a bit of dialogue that almost seems pointed directly at fans: "This is not going to go the way you think," possibly serving as a hat tip to the numerous layers of misdirection going on. Snoke's dialogue could actually all be a part of his interrogation of Rey (instead of split between Ren and Rey), Rey's dialogue may all be directed at Kylo Ren, and there's the significant potential of some dream/vision sequences, all of which cloud the proper order of event. Then, of course, the trailer is lacking any easily identifiable major 3rd act setting or event meaning even the few puzzle pieces we do have don't assemble complete snapshot.
This trailer may show a whole lot more than the last one, but when it comes to actually revealing significant plot elements, it might actually be obscuring the movie's plot even more than the last trailer, meaning some of the movie's biggest reveals may actually end up waiting for a theatrical experience, which is truly exciting.
What a packed trailer! Did you have any favorite parts? Anything you think we missed? Let us hear about it in the comments!


Your wedding invitation is one of the first elements of your wedding your guests will see. Your wedding invitation wording and invitation design clue your guests into details like your wedding's formality, color scheme and overall tone. Finding the perfect wording can be a challenge but this guide will help you find the right wedding invitation wording for you.
There is a decent amount of overlap between formal wedding invitations and casual wedding invitations. Regardless of if your wedding is formal or casual, the "who, when, where and why" details of your wedding should be very clear and easy to read. Below find additional elements to include in your invitation.
The first line of the invitation is dedicated to the host of the wedding, also known as the party covering the expenses. Traditionally, the bride's parents paid for the wedding but with changing times, the groom's parents, bride and groom, or a combination of all three are contributing. There is no official order or requirement to list the names. It's all up to personal preference.
When listing the names of the couple, the bride's name typically precedes the groom's. Most commonly, the bride's first and middle names are used while the groom's first and last names are used. This is, of course, all up to personal style. Whether you're opting for formal or casual invitations will determine how you display your names.
The details are the most important part of your wedding invitations. Keep them simple and stick to the basics! You'll need to include the date, time, location and address. In many formal invitations, couples will spell out the date and time.
Let your guests know what to expect after the ceremony. It's a great way to set the tone for your reception with clear expectations. If there's a cocktail hour or dancing and dinner, it's good to spell it all out here. You should also include the address if the reception will be held at a separate venue.
Whether you are planning a formal or informal affair, there are plenty of great wording options for your invitations. Some weddings don't fall into the formal or informal category, but somewhere more down the middle. Many couples like to use a hybrid of formal and informal wording.
Browse the collection below for wedding invitation wording and design inspiration. They are great examples of how to mix formal and informal wording together on one invitation.
Sending out your wedding invitations is an exciting step of the wedding planning process! If addressing all of your invites is a daunting process to you, recipient addressing is the answer to your prayers. Don't forget to include RSVP cards and to take advantage of RSVP functions on your wedding website in case any RSVPs get lost in the mail. Remember to hold on to a couple of invitations — they are perfect for scrapbooking, crafting and including in a shadow box or photo book!


Interactive interface for browsing full-resolution, global satellite imagery. Supports time-critical application areas such as wildfire management, air quality Dec 8, 2016 Why not ask them for their best relationship/marriage advice? been married for 10+ years and is still happy in their relationship, what lessons .. Readers implored to maintain regular "date nights," to plan weekend . cases, I could have put a dozen different quotes that said almost the exact same thing. o speed dating lyon 60 answers Jan 7, 2016 These moms tell us what their rules are for dating now that they are single. There are approximately 10 million single moms in the United States, which means that the odds are pretty good that at least some of them are looking for love. More from CafeMom: 12 Quotes to Inspire Single Moms on Their (Check out our list of 50 great date ideas for cheap or free for some great ideas.) 8. Ask him what's 10. Pray for him--in your own prayers and your family/couple prayers, so he can hear. 11. Give him a Ask his advice--then take it! 15. Thank him On "Dr. Phil," Relationship Expert Quotes D&C, Joseph Smith. LDS Living.
This ultimate list of motivational quotes for students and recent grads will This is not good because then we begin to believe we are a failure. . 10. Dharmesh Shah. Success is making the people who believed in you look brilliant. .. Yes, this is a movie, but it also has a little nugget of wise advice in it: Find an enemy. "The only thing to do with good advice is pass it on. To Kill a Mockingbird is joined in the top 10 by such classics as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, malamulele dating zone chart Be informed and get ahead with our real-time stock quotes, deep tools such as currency converters. Amazon is a top holding of Fidelity OTC Portfolio. Ross D.How to Flirt with Leo for Maximum Attraction & Dating Success? two types 24-10-2018 · ENFJ personality type description, profile and famous 22-7-2016 · Looking for some examples and tips on how to start text flirting like . It makes sense when you look at their shared traits: intuition, feeling enfj quotes < > Most recent. Feb 21, 2018 He won a Golden Globe for Best Actor for his role in the Starz drama Boss, and he established Daphne: "There's nothing quite as exciting as a first date. 10. Frasier, about Martin's chair: "Dad, when are you going to stop blighting the . Celebrity interviews, recipes and health tips delivered to your inbox.


Will VoIP be Useful for Small and Medium Scale Businesses?
Posted byMichelle Patterson July 2, 2014 May 6, 2015 Posted inBusiness Leave a comment on Will VoIP be Useful for Small and Medium Scale Businesses?
VoIP is a very popular term in communication now. Everyone knows about it but a few people know the actual benefits that VoIP technology has to offer. This technology sure gives better communication experience than legacy phone systems.
VoIP also offers highly cost-effective communication for long distance calls. All these prime features make VoIP a smarter choice for small and medium sized industries.
For small and medium scale business, it is necessary to cut down cost overheads. Expenses incurred on communication system is a major cost overhead and all the companies a looking for cheaper way of communication. This is where VoIP comes. Long distance calls can never get cheaper than this. VoIP offers you a highly secured and reliable communication platform which is fast and user friendly. More and more companies are now switching to this technology just because it offers low cost communication irrespective of distance and geographic boundaries. VoIP requires high-bandwidth data connection coverage for successful operation. In case you area is covered by a fast and consistent broadband carrier, you can go for VoIP without any hesitation.
Let's now talk about three significant key points on which VoIP stands up against all odds.
Today, people are far more intelligent to accept newer technology than it was before. Since the inception of mobile phone technology, people are eagerly waiting for newer, more surprising and cheaper way of communication. The arrival of smartphones and its initial success proves this statement. Smartphones also allow you to conduct VoIP calls through various applications. You can send voice messages though your WiFi network and the receipt receives it on his device. You do not need to pay for any additional cost than paying your monthly fixed bill for data connection. This is the reason people are accepting the idea of sending voice over internet. It is the next big thing and the technology holds high potential in the near future.
2.What level of internet connectivity?
VoIP requires fast network bandwidth. In a slower bandwidth area VoIP suffers performance lags. Therefore, it is best to go for a 3G or 4GLTE network when you want to switch to VoIP technology. A consistent and super-fast internet connectivity is the life of this technology as it solely depends on network bandwidth. Reconsider you decision of moving to VoIP way of communication when you have slower bandwidth carriers in your area.
VoIP phones cost you nothing more than purchasing mobile handsets. Bulk purchase for business use often come cheap. The devices are patented and available in all major online electronic stores. Some service providers also provide you VoIP handset on rental basis. This is a useful plan when you want this communication method for a temporary period of time. The other hardware required is a modem or a network communication box. Data carrier companies provide you with this device when you subscribe to one of the plans. From an overall perspective, transforming your existing communication system to VoIP requires least amount of investment while promising a profitable return and cost saving benefits.
VoIP offers you rich and unified communication environment. Due to the high-bandwidth data network it uses, you can easily send voice, video and data signals simultaneously without any lag. You can never dream of doing this with a legacy land line service. VoIP enables you to fast connect all your employees and clients for conducting a business meeting. A teleconference using land phones requires time to set up and you need a trial run before the actual session begins. VoIP also offers you portable handsets. It means that you can walk freely while talking. Land phones are attached with wires and you have a limited amount of portability with this legacy communication system.
Communication to be redefined by Instant Messaging!
What will the Internet look like in 5 years?


A common comment we get from people when they enter 2817 Spring Forest is, "It's so much bigger on the inside than it looks on the outside!" This was also our reaction when we first saw the building more than one year ago.
The other day, it occurred to me that this comment is not only true of the building but must remain true of us. "Bigger on the inside than we look on the outside!" Short linear feet on the outside but major depth of love for the Lord on the inside. Full of faith. Filled with love. Focused on Jesus.
Raleigh, we want you to join us in this new space God has provided and hope you see and sense the same … there is something happening inside us that is big, someOne big from outside of this world.
Join us Good Friday, April 14th @ 6pm and Easter Sunday, April 16th @ 10am.


Washburn's waterfront walking trail runs from Thompson West End Park to Washburn Marina. Once a bustling industrial waterfront, Washburn's Lake Superior coastline today offers visitors beautiful vistas of the Lake and the natural surroundings of Chequamegon Bay. Hints of the town's rich maritime history are seen along the trail, with reminders of the once booming lumbering and shipping industries dotting the shoreline. The walking trail is maintained by the City of Washburn and a dedicated group of volunteers, The Friends of the Washburn Lakeshore Parkway and Walking Trail. Be sure to visit the trail during different seasons, as the changing seasons provide a different backdrop ever time you visit. Parking areas can be found at either end of the trail and portions of the walking trail are handicapped accessible. Please contact the Washburn Chamber of Commerce for more information. Be sure to check out the Washburn Historical Museum to learn more about the area's maritime history.


text:
import * as os from 'os';
import * as path from 'path';

import sliceAnsi = require('slice-ansi');
import stringWidth = require('string-width');
import stripAnsi = require('strip-ansi');
import wrapAnsi = require('wrap-ansi');
import untildify = require('untildify');

export { sliceAnsi, stringWidth, stripAnsi };

const MIN_TTY_WIDTH = 80;
const MAX_TTY_WIDTH = 120;
export const TTY_WIDTH = process.stdout.columns ? Math.max(MIN_TTY_WIDTH, Math.min(process.stdout.columns, MAX_TTY_WIDTH)) : Infinity;

export function indent(n = 4): string {
  return ' '.repeat(n);
}

export interface WordWrapOptions {
  width?: number;
  indentation?: number;
  append?: string;
}

export function wordWrap(msg: string, { width = TTY_WIDTH, indentation = 0, append = '' }: WordWrapOptions) {
  return wrapAnsi(msg, width - indentation - append.length, { trim: true }).split('\n').join(`${append}\n${indent(indentation)}`);
}

export function prettyPath(p: string): string {
  p = expandPath(p);
  const cwd = process.cwd();
  const d = path.dirname(p);
  const h = os.homedir();
  const distanceFromCwd = Math.abs(d.split(path.sep).length - cwd.split(path.sep).length);

  if (cwd === d) {
    return '.' + path.sep + path.basename(p);
  } else if (d.startsWith(cwd)) {
    return '.' + path.sep + p.substring(cwd.length + 1);
  } else if (distanceFromCwd <= 2) {
    const rel = path.relative(cwd, p);
    return rel ? rel : '.';
  } else if (p === h) {
    return '~';
  } else if (p.indexOf(h) === 0) {
    return '~' + path.sep + p.substring(h.length + 1);
  }

  return p;
}

export function expandPath(p: string): string {
  return path.resolve(untildify(p));
}

export function generateFillSpaceStringList(list: string[], optimalLength = 1, fillCharacter = ' '): string[] {
  if (optimalLength < 2) {
    optimalLength = 2;
  }

  const longestItem = Math.max(...list.map(item => stringWidth(item)));
  const fullLength = longestItem > optimalLength ? longestItem + 1 : optimalLength;
  const fullLengthString = fillCharacter.repeat(fullLength);

  return list.map(item => sliceAnsi(fullLengthString, 0, fullLength - stringWidth(item)));
}

export interface ColumnarOptions {
  hsep?: string;
  vsep?: string;
  headers?: string[];
}

/**
 * Basic CLI table generator with support for ANSI colors.
 *
 * @param rows 2-dimensional matrix containing cells. An array of columns,
 *             which are arrays of cells.
 * @param options.vsep The vertical separator character, default is
 *                     `chalk.dim('|')`. Supply an empty string to hide
 *                     the separator altogether.
 * @param options.hsep The horizontal separator character, default is
 *                     `chalk.dim('-')`. This is used under the headers,
 *                     if supplied. Supply an empty string to hide the
 *                     separator altogether.
 * @param options.headers An array of header cells.
 */
export function columnar(rows: string[][], { hsep = '-', vsep = '|', headers }: ColumnarOptions): string {
  const includeHeaders = headers ? true : false;

  if (!rows[0]) {
    return '';
  }

  const columnCount = headers ? headers.length : rows[0].length;
  const columns = headers ?
    headers.map(header => [header]) :
    rows[0].map(() => []);

  for (const row of rows) {
    let highestLineCount = 0;
    const splitRows = row.map(cell => {
      const lines = cell.split('\n');
      highestLineCount = Math.max(highestLineCount, lines.length);
      return lines;
    });

    for (const rowIndex in row) {
      if (columns[rowIndex]) {
        columns[rowIndex].push(...splitRows[rowIndex], ...Array(highestLineCount - splitRows[rowIndex].length).fill(''));
      }
    }
  }

  const paddedColumns = columns.map((col, columnIndex) => {
    if (columnIndex < columnCount - 1) {
      const spaceCol = generateFillSpaceStringList(col);
      return col.map((cell, cellIndex) => `${cell}${spaceCol[cellIndex]}${vsep === '' ? '' : `${vsep} `}`);
    } else {
      return col;
    }
  });

  let longestRowLength = 0;
  const singleColumn = paddedColumns.reduce((a, b) => {
    return a.map((_, i) => {
      const r = a[i] + b[i];
      longestRowLength = Math.max(longestRowLength, stringWidth(r));
      return r;
    });
  });

  if (includeHeaders && hsep !== '') {
    singleColumn.splice(1, 0, hsep.repeat(longestRowLength));
  }

  return singleColumn.join('\n');
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Community • Wisdom
The Secrets to Incredible Leadership Using the Awareness Code
The key is emotionally empowering leaders from each level of higher awareness.
Steve Tappin and Wayno Linton
For a deeper understanding on Grateful:
Grateful (tile 90) is the first stage of incredible leadership.
We believe that incredible leadership is now needed to take the world out of the Covid-19 standstill.
My co-author, Wayno Linton and I believe incredible leadership is the highest level of human awareness and we have created what many leaders are now calling "a periodic table for human awareness". By drawing on our experience of over 30,000 1:1 sessions through their lives – with individuals, leaders and CEOs across the world – we were able to birth The Awareness Code, published by Bloomsbury in 2021.
The book suggests that leadership ability is directly correlated to your state of awareness. We have understood through personal encounters the many different behaviours that come forth in almost a predictable and repetitive way from leaders all over the globe, from varying backgrounds, careers and industries. After mapping these sessions, we have realised that there are 100 key aspects of emotional behaviour starting from Self-loathing at (0), before reaching the higher states of incredible leadership in the 90s and Beyond Incredible at (100).
Modern-day leaders are still searching for the winning tool, technique or mindset to get the best out of themselves. People continue to search, often externally, for something that helps us feel validated and supports our leadership. Yet, innovative leadership development has stagnated and isn't providing the answers for them.
The Awareness Code is a practical tool that can allow people to genuinely understand their full awareness for the first time. They can then work through their lower parts to move into higher levels of awareness, such as Stepping in (60s), Opening (70s), Transforming (80s) and Incredible (90s).
We are also looking to emotionally empower leaders from each level of higher awareness. For Grateful Empowerment, this would include
Our next feature is going to focus on an even higher tile – Thriving (95); to become the best version of yourself in all aspects of life which has been partially inspired by Thrive Global.
Over at www.awarenesscode.com, you get to begin your journey into Incredible leadership by purchasing your copy of the book. We also have a ground-breaking Awareness Code app that can be used in real time wherever you are to help you understand your awareness and make the shift to becoming an incredible leader. Visit https://apps.apple.com/au/app/acl/id1526807323 to download now and receive a complimentary 3-day trial.
Steve Tappin
CEO Xinfu, Founder of CEO Masterclass, CEO Coach & BBC CEO Guru
Steve has been a confidant and an instrument to effect extraordinary change in some of the top leaders around the world. He has over 30 years experience in successfully training global CEOs, corporate executives, sports figures & icons. From early on, Steve saw the opportunity for great improvement in the way some leaders and institutions led. His work life then became how to find new ways for top executives across many industries to re-envision and pioneer business, develop fellowship, greatly improve human performance and develop unified leadership. Follow him at LinkedIn and Twitter.
Wayno Linton
Wayno is a psychotherapist with over 20 years experience. His mission has been to develop his own personal awareness to its highest potential and then to assist others to become the best version of themselves. Wayno began asking the big questions before his teenage years; "What are we here for?", "What is the purpose of life?" At 13 he rode his pushbike to meet every priest he could find in his small Australian hometown seeking answers. Since then, he has travelled the globe searching out seers, sages, authors, and wise men and women from all walks of life to bring this knowledge to others and to help them become beyond incredible. Learn more about his work and how he trains others at the Awareness Code Global Training Centre.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
WB: Tea Workers Struggling as Crony Capitalists Take Over Tea Gardens
Sandip Chakraborty | 05 Nov 2022
Workers are being denied minimum wages, PF, bonuses, etc. As a result, many are migrating to other states.
Tea workers in Bengal are fighting a losing battle against hunger as, one after another, Tea gardens are being overtaken by crony capitalists and microfinance institutions raking the moolah from Kolkata; these new managements often falter in paying the minimum wages to the tea workers of the Dooars region.
At present, such management has taken charge of 22 tea gardens, informed Ziaul Alam, convenor of the Joint Action Forum of Tea Workers.
Tea plantations in the region are spread over 97,280 hectares (240,400 acres). The region produces 226 million kg of tea, accounting for about a quarter of India's total tea crop. There are 154 gardens in the Dooars out of 283 tea gardens in north Bengal that employ 3.5 lakh workers.
Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the British, but there was a significant contribution of Indian entrepreneurs. While Goodricke owns and operates 12 tea gardens in Dooars, Duncan company operates about tea gardens.
Prafulla Lakra, from the Jalpaiguri Sadar Tea Workers Union, is also the regional secretary of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU). Speaking to NewsClick, Lakra said that the region's tea workers are being exploited.
"The tea industry is suffering from absenteeism. In the Darjeeling district, where there is scope for 11 million kg of tea production, there is now production of 6.5 million kg of tea because most male workers have gone out of the state to work as migrant workers in other states. Women now comprise over 80% of the tea workers."
Lakra works as a voucher worker and a night guard in the Denguajhar tea estate. His wife, Silvasa Lakra, works full-time in the same tea estate. He highlighted that the tea garden management gives difficult tasks to the workers during the plucking season, adding that penalties are applied if workers miss the task.
"There are two types of leaves- Fut Patti (seasoned leaves) and Jangli Patti (unseasoned leaves). For Fut Patti, a worker needs to pluck about 26 kg; for Jangli Patti, one needs to pluck around 24 kg to complete the task. About 30% of the leaf pluckers miss the tasks, and a penalty in the form of a wage cut is thrust on them. Everywhere the new generation of tea workers is now disinterested in the profession and are now moving to other states to work as migrant labourers. However, the estate laws state that only those who work in the tea garden can stay in the tea garden area, but seldom are any family ousted from the tea garden area for not working in the tea gardens. Earlier, tea unions used to stand beside the tea workers in case of quarrels with the tea garden management, but in the last 11 years, things have changed with the weakening of tea unions. The ruling party's tea union colludes with the tea garden owners and does not support the tea garden employees in times of their need."
Lakra also alleged that the ownership change of tea gardens is happening in Kolkata, leaving the tea garden employees out of the process. Their dues are overlooked when new management takes charge of the tea gardens. When the Left Front government was in power, tea garden workers were consulted before any ownership change.
Alam said the region faced its worst crisis when Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the country's prime minister.
"About 135 tea gardens were closed at that time due to lack of international demand for tea and dumping of Kenyan and East African tea in the country. It was during the time of the 1st UPA government that the tea industry policy was last formulated. In these last 18 years, not one core sector has received its deserving attention from the Central government."
He also alleged that 22 gardens where shady ownership patterns are being observed are enthused by the present Trinamool government. The tea garden workers are in constant uncertainty over the continuance of the tea gardens. Crony capital and the latest state government notification of allowing 15% of garden land for non-agricultural use is enthusing the shady property dealers to come and invest in the real estate of the garden, Alam said.
"According to the Tea Act 1953, a tea garden must remain open for the public interest, and a tea garden's closure is not allowed. But bypassing this clause, about five tea gardens in the Darjeeling terai and Dooars regions are now closed, including Roypur of Jalpaiguri, Panighata of Darjeeling district, Goalguch of north Dinajpur district and Dheklapara of Alipurduar district. In the last five months, workers have thwarted the attempt to grab the tea estate's land by crony capitals in various places of Darjeeling and Dooars. Tea society is in a very vulnerable position."
Alam pointed out that more than 225 bottle leaf factories have come up in the Doaars region, which source tea from the tea gardens and process tea fit for human consumption but now are suffering due to a lack of demand in the tea market.
NewsClick spoke with Jayram Toppo, a member of the ruling party's tea union in the Hunterwala tea garden, about 10 kilometres from Madarihaat town, who complained that the tea garden remained closed for years, and upon its opening last year, no dues of the workers have been paid by the tea garden management.
"The management had done a three-year agreement but is defaulting on it; it is not providing the employees with firewood, medical facilities, drinking water facilities or ration components apart from what is obtained under the National Food Security programme. No new labour intake has been made in place of retirees."
He complained that his union leaders are also keeping stoic silence on these demands of the tea workers. The tea garden has two trade unions- one is associated with Trinamool Congress (TMC), and the other is with Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP). Still, no one is looking after average tea workers.
Another problem in the garden is that there are no individual electric meters. As a result, even using one electric bulb, one has to pay Rs 300. Though the woman of the area receives the monthly money allotted to women under the Laxmi Bhunder scheme, the rate of workers' wage at Rs 232/day is too low for the tea workers community in the state.
"There are about 1800 permanent workers in the Hunterwala tea estate; 70-80 voucher workers are there as contractual workers. About 150 to 200 workers have already retired from their jobs, but the practice of replacement workers known as Badli (replacement) is not being followed," Toppo said.
CITU leader Pawan Pradhan of Mal area Tea Workers Union alleged that the tea workers movement is facing government and police wrath. There have been cases of arrest when CITU had forged a movement regarding the demand of getting land patta for the tea workers of the region.
"We have been residing here for ages on the tea estate lands, but we still do not have land pattas. The way the chief minister intervened amidst a fruitful wage bargaining process and forced the workers to accept a 15% interim wage increment is also unconstitutional. While Kerala, Karnataka and Tamilnadu get upwardly of Rs 400/day, why are the tea workers paid at the rate of Rs 232/day in West Bengal? With that, they have to maintain their household daily, which is very difficult. The argument that increasing the wage makes the gardens unviable does not hold as gardens in Kerala, Tamilnadu, and Karnataka have shown."
He also alleged that tea garden owners of several tea gardens had not paid the PF dues to the PF commissioner.
Raja Dutta, Area secretary of the Malbazaar area committee of CPI(M), said that before 2011 during the time of the Durga puja and Diwali, there were regular bonuses to tea garden workers. The business houses of these land ports bore a festive look as there was a large-scale sale of items from these land ports. But now, this festivity is absent, and there is a minimum bonus. As a result, the scope of work in these land ports is also decreasing, and trade and commerce from these areas are shifting their base.
Tea Workers
Tea Workers' Union
UP: Tribals Protest In Mirzapur, Demand Implementation Of Forest Rights Act, Allege Harassment
Tripura: Ex-royal Scion Keeping Cards Close to Chest, Alliance Scene Confusing
Tripura Elections: Left Parties, Congress Hold Big Joint Rally Against Pre-Poll Political Violence
Recent Rise in Conflict Between Governor-Non-BJP Govts Worrying for Democracy
WB: Environmentalists Warn Mamata Banerjee of a Joshimath-like Crisis in Darjeeling


(BPT) - Today, food delivery competition has expanded from traditional restaurants to include local grocery stores and data-driven giants like Amazon. To stand out, companies need a competitive differentiator. Domino's, founded in 1960, cut through the increased competition's crust and remains one of the largest pizza companies in the world because it recognizes this.
Cut down on complexity and streamline the process: Previously, the pizza company used multiple tools for capturing data and multiple agencies for marketing campaigns, all while trying to manage 17 terabytes of data. To cut down on complexity and streamline its processes, the pizza company teamed up with Talend, a cloud data integration company, to deploy Talend Big Data to integrate all of this data from everywhere — 85,000 structured and unstructured data sources in all, pouring into its system every day — to create a single view of its customers and global operations. The company uses this solution to ensure it is delivering the best product it can to its customers as fast as possible, while also analyzing all segments of its business to keep up with changing needs and constantly evolving competitive pressures. Implementing this new technology quickly transitioned the pizza company from a traditional ordering mechanism to an e-commerce platform.


Travel companies have revealed that bookings for African safari holidays have dropped by up to 70 percent following the deadly Ebola outbreak.
Tour operators say demand for holidays in traditional safari hotspots such as Kenya in east Africa has plummeted in recent months, despite being almost 3,000 miles away from the Ebola-stricken countries of the west.
Industry leaders say holiday bookings to Africa were edging towards an all-time high this year before declining rapidly in July as panic over the deadly disease set in.
The impact is most noticeable in East Africa, home to safari hotspots such as Kenya's Masai Mara and Tanzania's Serengeti.
Most people don't realize how vast Africa is and that east and southern Africa are just as far from the outbreak area as Europe or South America. All safari countries have enacted strict precautionary measures.
Traditional safari destinations such as South Africa, Zambia, Botswana, Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya are far from the Ebola-afflicted regions of Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. flight from Nairobi to Monrovia, Liberia, is more than 3,000 miles away. However, there has been widespread panic about the disease, which kills more than 70 percent of those infected.
Eastern and southern African countries have already implemented emergency measures to control the spread of the Ebola virus with some banning travellers who have visited affected countries.
However, Jake McCormick, a safari specialist with Shadows of Africa, said the Ebola outbreak has caused a 70 percent decrease in inquiries at his company, which offers tours in Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda and Zanzibar.
And Brett Thomson, managing director of Sun Safaris, said that bookings down by 50 percent compared to last year.
Charlie Bateson, product director of high-end travel company Abercrombie & Kent said that some clients were mis-informed about the disease.
'Although the Ebola virus is not airborne at this time and can only be caught through coming in contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person, and is currently limited to destinations in West Africa, we have recently experienced a small number of clients deferring their holiday plans to the rest of the continent,' he said.
'We remain in constant contact with the FCO, WHO and with tourist boards and our supplier partners across the world.
As of the October 17, the World Health Organization (WHO) have reported a total of 9,693 suspected cases of Ebola and 4,811 deaths from the disease since the outbreak started in December last year. More than half of the deaths have been in Liberia.
There could be up to 10,000 new Ebola cases per week in the three hardest-hit nations by the end of the year, the WHO said.
According to the World Tourism Organization's 2014 global travel report, tourism to Africa was due to increase by up to six percent this year before the epidemic took hold. The continent had already experienced a growth of five percent in 2012 – the equivalent of three million more tourists, to reach 56 million.
Botswana is one country that has suspended entry for travellers who have visited the affected countries including Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria and Sierra Leone in the last 30 days.
In Tanzania, all major border posts have mandatory health screening in place, including all international airports.
South Africa refuses to admit foreign citizens arriving from Ebola-affected countries in West Africa, while South African citizens will be allowed to re-enter, but only after being subject to strict screening.


During Week 23 I hiked the second half of Vermont – finishing my 12th state, crossing over the "500 miles to go" mark, and entering into New Hampshire, my next-to-last state. Unexpectedly, this proved to be a somewhat emotional benchmark or accomplishment. I have always anticipated the White Mountains of New Hampshire to be both a special, significant attraction as well as a formidable hurdle. It was so far from the southern Appalachian mountains it was never something that was easy to focus. But now, I was here. Realizing the distance travelled to reach this point (and the fact that this 2,190 mile journey might be realized) caused me a sense of accomplishment AND excitement for the final two states (yet recognizing that New Hampshire and Maine still contained over 400 miles of challenging hiking).
Except for Mt. Killington, this week did not feature as dramatic hiking as the first half of Vermont. That said, Killington was probably the highlight of the Green Mountain State. The day before the climb up the east coast's largest ski resort mountain, was a pleasant hike featuring some wonderful mountain streams and ponds, including Little Rock Pond.
The climb up Killington was challenging but the trail traversed the mountain making the ascent more manageable. The day was beautiful. After setting up camp just below the summit a number of us took our stoves and dinner to the summit for our evening meal and sunset. It was exceptional because it was so clear. I scrambled back up early the next morning for the sunrise as well.
From Killington I descended towards the road to Rutland, Vermont and made my way to the Inn at the Long Trail for resupply and a zero day – primarily so I could watch the final round of the Open Championship. A number of hikers familiar to me were there and we enjoyed an evening at the pub on site where there was live Irish music. The following day was filled with rain, but I was able to watch the entire coverage of the golf tournament.
After our stay at the barn hostel, we had another fairly uneventful day. The weather cleared and the day was beautiful. I fell behind the group after hanging out with some southbound thru-hikers at a shelter where we had stopped for lunch.
Arriving in West Hartford, I crossed the White River and finished the day at another private "hostel," next to the river. We took a swim, some jumped off the bridge into the river, and we were able to order Chinese food.
[It is worthy to note that the volume of thru-hikers who started at Katahdin about two months earlier has increased considerably. It's been fun to talk with them and compare notes and exchange tips and recommendations. We were told that a large northbound "bubble" and the southbound "bubble" was converging right about this time. (Keep in mind, while we are running into the southbound bubble, the number of thru-hikers leaving Katahdin and attempting a southbound hike is only about 10% of the total number of the year's thru-hikers.)].
Like the two previous days, the last day in Vermont was relatively easy and uneventful hiking as we climbed out of White River (passed under I-89) – and after sometime in the woods – hiked into Norwich, VT, walked under I-91, and then crossed the Connecticut River into Hanover, NH. This involved a 2 and ½ mile road walk, although we were treated to trail magic at the driveways of some of the homes in Norwich. We got to Hanover before the rain came. A large group of hikers who had been together the last few days enjoyed lunch and hiker "freebies" offered by some of the town's merchants (free pizza and free donut). While awaiting a bus to take me to my motel a local woman offered to take me around town for resupply and then drop me at the motel – a little more trail magic.
While the final two days in Vermont were unspectacular from a hiking perspective and the weather both days was poor, Vermont proved to be a wonderful state for hiking the Appalachian Trail – well-designed trails, well-maintained trails, wonderful earthen and pine-needle paths underfoot (with few rocks), beautiful weather, few bugs, good times with hiker friends, and great scenery, including sunrise/sunsets, views from mountain tops like Bromley, Stratton and Killington and ponds like Little Rock Pond and Stratton Pond – oh Vermont!
Just a heads up, a person you had early on indicated you'd like to speak with, Warren Doyle, is currently near Mt. Washington and you may end up crossing paths.
I hope you do meet up with him. He is currently mentoring a FTK hopeful who will possibly pass you some time within the next week. This man, Karel ?????, just crossed the Susquehanna River within the last day or so, and is moving at approximately 50 miles per day.
I just joined the RTK dime club! I have enjoyed following Bruce Matson throughout his journey via the RTK podcast on the Hiking Radio Network. You are almost there – way to go!


text:
Specific Volume of Moist Air
Specific volume is defined as the total volume of humid air per mass unit of dry air
When discussing specific volume of moist air its necessary to differentiate between
specific volume of moist air per mass unit of dry air, or
specific volume of moist air per mass unit of dry air and water vapor
Specific Volume of Moist Air per Mass Unit of Dry Air
Specific volume is defined as the total volume of dry air and water vapor mixture per kg of dry air (SI-units). The specific volume can be expressed as:
vda = V / ma (1)
vda = specific volume of moist air per mass unit of dry air (m3/kg)
V = total volume of moist air (m3)
ma = mass of dry air (kg)
When dry air and water vapor with the same temperature occupies the same volume the equation for an ideal gas can be applied.
pa V = ma Ra T (2)
pa = partial pressure air (Pa)
Ra = 286.9 - the individual gas constant air (J/kg.K)
T = temperature of the moist air (K)
Combining (1) and (2):
vda = Ra T / pa (3)
The partial pressure of air can be expressed as:
pa = p - pw (3b)
p = pressure in the humid air (Pa)
pw = partial pressure water vapor (Pa)
Combining (3) and (2b):
vda = Ra T / (p - pw) (3c)
The ideal gas law can also be applied for the water vapor:
pw V = mw Rw T (4)
Rw = individual gas constant for water vapor ( 461.4 J/kg.K)
The mass of water vapor can be expressed with the humidity ratio and the mass of air:
mw = x ma (5)
x = specific humidity or humidity ratio (kgh2o/kgdry_air)
pw V = x ma Rw T (6)
Combining (6) with (1):
vda = x Rw T / pw (7)
Transforming (7):
pw = x Rw T / vda (8)
Combining (8) with (3c):
vda = Ra T / (p - (x Rw T / vda)) (9)
(9) can be transformed to express the specific volume of moist air per unit mass of dry air as:
vda = (1 + x Rw / Ra) Ra T / p (10)
Specific Volume of Moist Air per unit Mass of Dry Air and Water Vapor
Specific volume is defined as the total volume of dry air and water vapor mixture per kg of dry air and water vapor (SI-units). The specific volume can be expressed as:
v = V / ma + mw (11)
v = specific volume of moist air per mass unit of dry air and water vapor (m3/kg)
Combining with (5):
v = V / ma (1 + x) (12)
v = vda / (1 + x) (13)
and the specific volume of moist air per unit mass of dry air and water vapor can be expressed as:
v = (Ra T / p) [(1 + x Rw / Ra)/ (1 + x)] (14)
(14) can used to express the inverse of specific volume of moist air - the density of moist air.
Air Psychrometrics - The study of moist and humid air - psychrometric charts, Mollier diagrams, air-condition temperatures and absolute and relative humidity and moisture content
Air - Composition and Molecular Weight - Dry air is a mechanical mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and several other gases in minor amounts
Air - Density at varying pressure and constant temperatures - Figures and tables showing changes in air density at pressure varying from 1 to 10 000 bara (14.5 - 145000 psi) and constant, selected temperatures. Figures are given in different scales.
Air - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient at Varying Temperature and Constant Pressures - Online calculator, figures and tables showing density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient of air at temperatures ranging -100 to 1600 °C (-140 to 2900 °F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units
Air - Diffusion Coefficients of Gases in Excess of Air - Diffusion coefficients, D12, for gases in large excess of air at temperature varying from 0 - 400 °C
Air - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity - Online calculator, figures and tables showing dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity of air at temperatures ranging from -100 to 1600°C (-150 to 2900°F) at pressure ranging from 1 to 10 000 bara (14.5 - 145000 psia) - SI and Imperial Units
Air - Prandtl Number - Figures and table showing changes in Prandtl number for air with changes in temperature and pressure
Air - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions - Figures and tables showing how the properties of air changes along the boiling and condensation curves (temperature and pressure between triple point and critical point conditions). An air phase diagram are also given.
Air - Thermal Conductivity - Online calculator, figures and tables showing air thermal conductivity at varying temperature and pressure, SI and imperial units.
Air - Thermal Diffusivity - Figures and tables showing dry air thermal diffusivity at varying temperarure and pressure, SI and Imperial units
Air Humidity measured by Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature - Estimate moist air relative humidity by measuring dry and wet bulb temperature
Density of Moist Humid Air - Density of dry air and water vapor - moist or humid air
Dry Air and Water Vapor - Density and Specific Volume - Imperial Units - Density and specific volume of dry air and water vapor at temperatures ranging 225 to 900 degF (107 to 482 degC)
Humid Air and the Ideal Gas Law - Pressure, temperature and volume for an ideal or perfect gas like air with water vapor - or moist air
Humidity Ratio of Air - The ratio between the mass of water vapor present in moist air - to the mass of dry air
Maximum Moisture Carrying Capacity of Air - Maximum water content in humid air depends on temperature
Moist Air - Density vs. Pressure - Density of moist air versus pressure ranging 75 - 1000 mm Hg
Moist Air and Daltons Law of Partial Pressure - Pressure in a mixture of dry air and water vapor - humid or moist air - can be estimated by using Daltons Law of Partial Pressures
Moist Air Properties - Psychrometric table with humid air properties
Moisture Holding Capacity of Air - Moisture holding capacity of air increases with temperature
Psychrometric Table - 29.92 Inches of Mercury - Dry and wet bulb temperature, pressure and weight saturated water vapor and air saturated with water vapor
Psychrometric Terms - Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature, Specific Volume, Relative Humidity, Enthalpy and more ..
Relationship between Specific and Relative Humidity of Air - Calculating specific humidity of moist air - knowing relative humidity, water vapor and air density
Water Vapor in Air - Weight of water vapor in air
en: specific volume moist air
Engineering ToolBox, (2003). Specific Volume of Moist Air. [online] Available at: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/moist-air-specific-volume-d_25.html [Accessed Day Mo. Year].


Any person or entity ("User") visiting, using or otherwise accessing the site at www.imbibe.com ("Site") or any of the information contained in the site agrees to and is bound by the following Terms and Conditions of this user agreement ("Agreement").
This Site, together with all content, data and other materials contained in the Site ("Content") is owned or controlled by Imbibe Media Limited, Company Number 678540, registered in England and Wales, with its registered office at Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey TW9 1DN ("Imbibe", "us", or "we").
This Site is intended for reference purposes only and use of the Site and/or the Content is entirely at your own risk. Imbibe makes no representations whatsoever about any restaurant, bar, venue, event or any other third-party or third-party goods or services made accessible to you via use of the Site, either directly or indirectly, including but not limited to Site content, links, and email communication.
Please note that, whilst we endeavour to provide accurate and useful information, the Content may be inaccurate and is subject to change, often at very short notice. All Content is provided without any representations or warranties of any kind, either implied or express, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and is not intended as specific commercial or legal advice. Specifically, Imbibe does not represent or warrant that the Site or the Content will be accurate, up-to-date, complete or free of defects, including without limitation viruses or other harmful elements. You further acknowledge that the Internet, our systems, websites and/or equipment may from time to time be less than fully operative and that we will not be held liable for any failure or inability to provide continuous, error-free, uninterrupted service under these or any other circumstances.
Imbibe provides various links to other websites from time to time. These links are provided for your convenience and Imbibe: (i) does not endorse or take responsibility for the content of such websites, (ii) is not responsible for the availability of such websites; and (ii) will not be liable, directly or indirectly, in any way for any loss or damage which you may suffer by using such websites or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods or websites available on or through any such website or resource. If you decide to access linked websites and/or obtain goods or services from providers accessible via such links, you do so at your own risk.
Imbibe, unless otherwise stated, owns or controls all copyright, database and all other intellectual property rights in the Site and the Contents. You may not publish, distribute, extract, re-utilise, or reproduce any part of the Site or its contents in any form (including storing it in any medium) other than as expressly allowed herein or as permitted by UK or local law.
The brands, products and service names used in this Site (including without limitation, "Imbibe", "Imbibe.com" and "Imbibe Live" are the trade marks or trade names of Imbibe or its trading partners unless otherwise stated. You may not distribute products or offer services under or by reference to or otherwise use or reproduce any such trade marks, trade names or taglines without the prior written permission of Imbibe.
You agree and undertake not to attempt to damage, deny service to, hack, crack, reverse-engineer, or otherwise interfere (collectively, "Interfere") with the Site in any manner. If you in any way Interfere with the Site, you agree to pay all damages incurred by Imbibe. Imbibe will cooperate with the authorities in prosecuting any User who Interferes with the Site or otherwise attempts to defraud Imbibe or any other parties through User's use of the Site or services provided via the Site. Imbibe reserves the right to deny any or all access or service to any User for any reason, at any time, at our sole discretion. User agrees that we may block Users IP address or addresses at any time, and at our sole discretion to disallow User's continued use of the Site. We reserve the right to take any action we may deem appropriate in our sole discretion with respect to violations or enforcement of the terms of this Agreement, and we expressly reserve all rights and remedies available to us at law or in equity.
User agrees to indemnify Imbibe for any loss or damage that may be incurred by Imbibe, including without limitation legal fees, arising from User's use of the Site or User's use of any information obtained through the Site.
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties on the subject matter hereof. There are no understandings, agreements, or representations, oral or written, not specified herein regarding this Agreement. No modification of this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing and signed by authorized parties for both Imbibe and User.
If you have any queries about this Agreement or wish to resume receiving information which you may have previously opted-out of receiving, please contact us.


Demi Lovato shared a gorgeous selfie on Instagram last night, flaunting her new hair colour and surprising fans. Spoiler alert: She went blonde!
The Cool for the Summer<span class="x_apple-converted-space"> singer wrote "Goldie locks", rocking soft waves and smoky eyes. It takes a little scroll down the comments to see that her followers loved the new look.
The singer has recently split with her boyfriend of six years Wilmer Valderra and is looking stunning on the November cover of our sister magazine GLAMOUR US, where she talks body, sexuality and why the Taylor feud isn't over, read all about it here.


Thought I'd leave the Houston posts with this view of the wispy clouds over the Medical Center skyline. The clouds were particularly cool that day so I couldn't resist capturing the moment. It was great to be back.
Not sure what caused this but I was glad to see it from this viewpoint.
Well, a Houston post wouldn't feel right without some food. So here are two stragglers from the bunch.
One of my favorite lamb shanks from Fadis. Just look at that bone marrow oozing out. The beet salad in the back is tasty too.


) with any PC game. CheatBook is the resource for the latest Cheats Walkthroughs, Hints, hints, codes, Cheats, FAQ games. 5 MB rFactor PC Game Overview This game is a realistic easily extendable racing.
Big City Adventure Jewel Quest Mysteries, Mystery Case Files, Women' s Murder Club more! Pinnacle Game Profiler enables the use of virtually any game controller ( gamepad joystick etc.
Just download and play. Our Collector' s Editions offer the full game bonus gameplay, strategy guides play hundreds of free hidden object games. Forgotten Realms: Demon Stone is set in the mythical land of Faerun where perilous evil , great heroes are enveloped by magic, prophecy mystery.
Its award- winning game engine combines with an incredible story written by best- selling fantasy author R. It' s preconfigured for most game titles and controllers.
Forgotten Realms: Demon Stone delivers the feel of an action movie in an incredible role- playing experience. This is a list of video games based on the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy tabletop role- playing game console games, including computer games, arcade games mobile games. Games index ( F). Forgotten realms demon stone pc game download.
RFactor Free Download Full Version PC Game Cracked in Direct Link and Torrent. Title: rFactor Genre: Racing Sports Developer: Image Space Incorporated Publisher: Image Space Incorporated Release Date: 31 Aug, Simulation File Size: 905. New Games - Play free with absolutely no time and play Collector' s Editions.
Forgotten realms demon stone pc game download. Product Description. RFactor is a computer racing simulator game.
FREE GOG PC GAMES PRESENTS. Forgotten Realms: Demon Stone. Three adventurers that have met by chance find the Demon Stone, an ancient prison, just as it breaks before their eyes.


text:
Lez women having sex
Canseco pic wife-Modern Sporting Rifle: Introduction • NSSF
Assault style firearms-Assault weapon - Wikipedia
by Jelli B.
ArmaLite sold the patent and trademarks to Colt's Manufacturing Company in After Colt's patents expired in , Colt retained the trademark and is the exclusive owner of "AR" designation. After the term modern sporting rifles was coined in by the US National Shooting Sports Foundation , a firearms industry trade association, it was quickly adopted by the trade association and some manufacturers. In the s, AR style rifles have become one of the "most beloved and most vilified rifles" in the United States, according to the New York Times. Steadily increasing popularity in part is due to "the amount of attention through politics and media that is devoted to banning or restricting AR pattern rifles".
Singh is the first member of a visible minority to lead a federal party. American Rifleman. Views Read Edit View history. Washington Post. HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved January 6, Assault style firearms more recent alternative design has a Assaupt operating rod pushing against the bolt carrier from a gas piston under the hand guard near the barrel port.
Unwanted sex clips. Institute for Research on Public Policy
Ask The Trace. The Huffington Post. New York is one of only seven states that have assault-weapons bans in place, according to the Brady Campaign to End Gun Assault style firearms. Even gun control advocates agree the use of assault-style weapons is in no danger of being restricted in Texas any time soon. For one, California's gun laws firaerms this year so that certain AR rifles with so-called bullet buttons are no longer exempt from an earlier assault weapons Dirty adult redhead jokes and now must Assault style firearms. Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal. Skip Navigation. Markets Pre-Markets U. Subscribe Now. Republic of China. Drawing from federal and state law etyle, the term assault weapon refers primarily to semi-automatic riflespistolsand shotguns that are able to accept detachable magazines and possess one or more other features. Nine legally limit the capacity of magazines, and six prohibit the open carry of rifles, including military-style guns. Author R. That would buy back a lot of assault-style weapons in Florida.
Assault rifles are currently the standard service rifles in most modern armies.
Following last week's Florida school killings, there's movement by gun control advocates in some states to ban so-called assault weapons.
Concern in Canada about the availability of semi-automatic firearms predates these infamous events, however.
Student survivors are demanding change; like the youth who led us out of the Vietnam War, they will not be silenced.
Any of various automatic or semiautomatic firearms with detachable magazines and often other features such as a pistol grip or a collapsible stock, designed for individual use.
The media has focused mostly on the possibility of banning handguns.
Assault rifles are currently the standard service rifles in most modern armies. Rifles that meet most of these criteria, but not all, are technically not assault rifles, despite frequently being called such. Several of the rifles on the below list have non-Assault Rifle variants.
Because they lack the selective fire capability as they only fire semi-automatic even though it fulfils the other requirements of the definition above. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For full-power automatic rifles, see List of battle rifles ; Its ammunition must be supplied from a detachable box magazine; It should have an effective range of at least metres yards.
For example: Select-fire M2 carbines and Amogh carbines are not assault rifles; their effective range is only yards. Semi-automatic-only rifles like the Colt AR are not assault rifles; they do not have select-fire capabilities.
Semi-automatic-only rifles with fixed magazines like the SKS are not assault rifles; they do not have detachable box magazines and are not capable of automatic fire. Haenel Waffen und Fahrradfabrik 7.
Special Forces Foreign Weapons Handbook. Special Forces Combat Firing Techniques. HarperCollins Publishers. Archived from the original on Retrieved CS1 maint: archived copy as title link. Categories : Lists of firearms Assault rifles. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Soviet Union. Adaptive Combat Rifle. Remington Arms Bushmaster. United States. Izhmash Tula Arms Plant. ASM-DT amphibious rifle. Barrett Firearms Manufacturing. Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta. Birmingham Small Arms Company.
United Kingdom. Close Quarters Battle Receiver. Colt's Manufacturing Company. C7 rifle. Conventional Multirole Combat Rifle. Czech Republic. South Korea. Desarrollos Industriales Casanave SC Desarrollos Industriales Casanave S. Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield. Armament Research and Development Establishment. Myanmar Fritz Werner Industries. Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal. South Ossetia. West Germany. Israel Military Industries. Israel Weapon Industries. INSAS rifle [6]. Ordnance Factories Board.
Israel Weapons Industries. Leader Dynamics Australian Automatic Arms. LSAT caseless ammunition. Multi Caliber Individual Weapon System. Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli. Nesterov assault rifle. United Defense Manufacturing Corporation. Valmet SAKO. Robinson Armament Co. Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft.
Special Operations Assault Rifle. Sterling Armaments Company. Steyr Mannlicher. Haenel Waffen und Fahrradfabrik. Republic of China. Trichy Assault Rifle. North Korea. South Africa. East Germany.
Toronto police said a man was shot near Middlefield Rd. It was only moments after the young man entered a Texas shopping center carrying an assault-style rifle that terrified customers began frantically contacting the police. There are three options in a crisis: do nothing, escalate, deescalate. As stated previously, the public does not know the difference between a full automatic and a semi-automatic firearm. Yet exactly what constitutes an "assault weapon" is a contentious issue and something that riles up some gun advocates.
Assault style firearms. Institute for Research on Public Policy
Special Forces Foreign Weapons Handbook. Special Forces Combat Firing Techniques. HarperCollins Publishers. Archived from the original on Retrieved CS1 maint: archived copy as title link. Categories : Lists of firearms Assault rifles. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Soviet Union. Adaptive Combat Rifle. Remington Arms Bushmaster. United States. Izhmash Tula Arms Plant.
ASM-DT amphibious rifle. Barrett Firearms Manufacturing. Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta. Birmingham Small Arms Company.
United Kingdom. Close Quarters Battle Receiver. Colt's Manufacturing Company. C7 rifle. Conventional Multirole Combat Rifle. Czech Republic. South Korea. Desarrollos Industriales Casanave SC Desarrollos Industriales Casanave S. Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield.
Armament Research and Development Establishment. Myanmar Fritz Werner Industries. Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal. South Ossetia. Derek Ty Poe was charged with disorderly conduct for walking into the mall with an AR strapped to his back. Poe faced a minor charge. Yet the question of whether he had violated the law simply by frightening shoppers with his military-style rifle went all the way to an East Texas appellate court.
In , when Texas lawmakers approved the open carry of handguns, they decided any fear or confusion residents might experience at the sight of visible weapons was outweighed by the benefits of less-restrictive gun laws.
Texas permits open carry of long guns, including assault-style guns, in public except in those places where it is specifically prohibited by law, including schools, polling places, courthouses and racetracks. No license is required. The open carry of handguns in non-prohibited public spaces by license holders has been legal in Texas since State law says the guns need to be secured in a hip or shoulder holster.
Yet, the use of military-style rifles and magazines in high-body-count mass shootings — and the fact that Texas now has seen three such incidents over the past four years — means their presence, especially, can inspire alarm. Police admit it can be challenging to separate the good guys with assault-style guns from the bad. In , Dallas police said a group of gun-rights activists carrying the weapons complicated their response to the shooter who used one to kill five officers.
Even gun control advocates agree the use of assault-style weapons is in no danger of being restricted in Texas any time soon. Into that vacuum, however, lawyers in a small number of low-level Texas court cases involving people publicly carrying the military-style guns have been quietly wrestling with the question of how to balance the threat and fear the weapons inspire with laws allowing them to be carried in public.
In a state that has steadily expanded the rights of gun owners, the cases represent some of the most candid and consequential discussions on their limitations. One can easily understand the positions of both law enforcement and 2nd Amendment advocates.
Overall, the use of assault-style weapons in homicides remains small. Yet some studies also suggest they are deadlier when used, with a greater likelihood of more people getting killed and injured. In a decision upholding an assault weapons ban in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park, federal Judge Frank Easterbrook conceded there was mixed evidence the law would reduce violence. The U. Supreme Court declined to review the decision. Texas Take: Get political headlines from across the state sent directly to your inbox.
But after terrified shoppers called police, he was charged with disorderly conduct. Poe argued the law was too vague.
What was alarming to one person might not be to another. Must a person wait to see whether the actor opens fire? Wayln Thompson, the Jefferson County assistant district attorney who prepared the filings, conceded there was no clear answer.
Assault rifle - Wikipedia
These rifles are used by hunters, competitors, a lot of Americans seeking home-defense guns and by many others who simply enjoy going to the range. The central reason these firearms are misunderstood is political.
Though some modern sporting rifles might cosmetically look like fully automatic rifles the military uses, modern sporting rifles by law have many internal differences. To dispel the myths about modern sporting rifles so that we can have honest and factual discussions about them here are the facts about these rifles.
Though modern sporting rifles are increasingly popular, they are too often misunderstood. Modern Sporting Rifle Facts Modern sporting rifles are among the most popular firearms being sold today.
Automatic firearms have been severely restricted from civilian ownership since ARstyle rifles can look like military rifles, such as the M, but by law they function like other semiautomatic civilian sporting firearms, as they fire only one round with each pull of the trigger. Versions of modern sporting rifles are legal to own in most states, provided the purchaser passes the mandatory FBI background check required for all retail firearm purchasers.
The modern sporting rifle simply follows that pattern. They are true all-weather firearms. Modern sporting rifles are chambered in. Upper receivers for pistol calibers such as 9 mm,.
There are even. These rifles are used for many different types of hunting, from varmint to big game. ARstyle rifles are no more powerful than other hunting rifles of the same caliber and in most cases are chambered in calibers less powerful than common big-game hunting cartridges like the.
The AR platform is modular. They have been commercially sold to the American public since the s. They are commonly-owned, with more than 16 million modern sporting rifles owned by civilians by And, they are a lot of fun to shoot!
Strange shaped pregnancy bumps
Lady jane porn
Big tits video clips
Tn sexual offender registry
Merchant wives daytime activity
Sharp pain blood ejaculate penis semen
I lesbian love
Vintage pittsburgh penguin shirt
Photo archive pregnancy
Jyl fetish art
VIEW ALL POSTS BY Kitty M.
11 thoughts on "Assault style firearms"
Stephanie R. says:
Fucking machine for men
Nikki B. says:
Sex pussy red
Nikki P. says:
Young sluts in heels
Taija R. says:
Fancy snowboarding 2
Ginger L. says:
Alte frau lasst sich in der umkleidekabiene ficken
Fenrigore says:
Best pussy of girls
Lexi L. says:
Very sexy grandma
Kagara says:
Hugo boss barney
Ava S. says:
Parnucha
Kazicage says:
Uberraschung fur frau
Meztigore says:
Three girls suck one cock
Naked cingular police
Sexy amanda deming
Lesbian latex insertion
Restaurants edison new jersey private parties
Golf swing illustrated
© Samoa sexy. All rights reserved glued-n-screwed.com


Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Depot, Ronceverte, W. Va. From the West Virginia & Regional History Collection, WVU.
A real treasure! Anybody have memories of visiting this place?
View more photos from our collection by clicking here!