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Category: Stay
Self-Care in Columbus: Spas, Fitness and More
By Experience Columbus Staff on Dec 28, 2022
New year, new you. Let this season be the start of your self-care journey. Columbus' spas, events and attractions are great resources for restoration, relaxation, and self-improvement. Treat yourself at one of our area spas, learn a new skill, and…
The Ultimate Winter Bucket List in Columbus
There's no shortage of things to do this winter in Columbus. To celebrate the season, we've pulled together a list of the top activities to enjoy before the warmer weather arrives. Watch the Columbus Blue Jackets on their Home Rink Columbus' hockey…
23 Reasons to Visit Columbus in 2023
It's time to start making travel plans for 2023, and there's never been a more perfect opportunity to spend time in Columbus. Our city is on the cusp of unprecedented growth due to recent investments in our region from Intel, Honda and other major…
Top Hotel Bars and Restaurants in Columbus
By Angela Lee on Sep 20, 2022
It has been said that the world is not found in books and maps, it is out there. Home is behind and the world ahead. In the words of Anthony Bourdain, "Travel isn't always pretty. It isn't always comfortable. Sometimes it hurts, it even breaks your…
A Crowd Sourced Summer Weekend in Columbus
By Meg Berno on Apr 29, 2022
There's nothing quite like summer in Columbus, and we want to help get your trip inspiration flowing. We asked our Instagram followers to vote on their favorite ways to explore our city in the summertime. Here's what they said… Check-In Before You…
Must-Do Family Activities in Columbus this Summer
By Experience Columbus Staff on Mar 01, 2022
Summer means family time and there's no better place to explore with the kids than Columbus. Below we've rounded up some of the best activities there are for families, as well as a few pro tips to help you plan your trip this summer to Columbus…
Women-Owned Local Businesses in Columbus
Women-owned businesses are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. economy, and supporting a woman-owned business is one of the most sustainable ways to honor the contributions of women throughout history. This Women's History Month, we are building…
We all deserve good things in 2022. Fortunately, Columbus is ready to deliver. There are so many reasons to visit Columbus in 2022, from new restaurants and bar openings (we're a foodie's dream city for a reason) to festivals and attractions that…
Live for the Return of Travel in Columbus
By Experience Columbus Staff on May 04, 2021
National Travel and Tourism Week (NTTW), recognized annually in the U.S. on the first full week of May, is a time to celebrate the value travel holds for our economy, businesses and personal well-being. This year, there is more reason than ever to…
Find a Downtown Columbus Hotel to Match Your Staycation Style
You don't have to travel far to feel far away. In Columbus, properties have made a commitment to cleanliness through programs like the Live Forward Pledge, GBAC STAR™ Accreditation and individual property protocols so you can feel secure that your…


To burn or not to burn, that is the question… being debated in Washington, as the Senate Agriculture Committee previewed the 2018 Farm Bill. According to three logging associations "the legacy of hands-off forest management and the "let-it-burn" philosophy is that California is losing its forests".
Notwithstanding the above debate, news that California's wildfire season will be even more severe than last year because of an "overabundance of fuel, combined with fires that are burning hotter and faster", has created a potentially catastrophic scenario.
The BC Court of Appeal has upheld a decision to dismiss a guide outfitter and trapper's lawsuit against the provincial government and forest companies. Harry Chingee launched the lawsuit seeking damages for the clearcut logging on his tenures which "substantially reduced the amount of wildlife on the land".
Wadood Hamad, a research leader at FPInnovations, demystifies cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and related applications in a new book. After 15 years of study, the author believes that "CNCs are finally showing great promise in a multitude of applications".
With the 5th softwood lumber dispute dragging on as the second wave of anti-dumping duties were recently announced, Canadian forestry companies and their workers are feeling the impact. The acknowledgement by the Canadian government of their challenges is significant to the sector that supports our economy, 230,000 middle class livelihoods across the nation, and 38,000 on the coast of British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada's (NRCan) commitment in early June to fund $867 million in initiatives to support the forest sector during these times was welcome news. The commitment included efforts to expand overseas markets and promotion of Canadian wood products. This June's mission to China to take part in the eighth Clean Energy Ministerial and Mission Innovation Ministerial meetings supported the key message of commitment to support overseas efforts.
The Municipality of North Cowichan has issued an immediate boil water advisory for Crofton after a leak was detected in the supply line that brings water from the Cowichan River to the Crofton Mill. …"The supply main that failed supplies the Catalyst Water Treatment Facility which in turn the Municipality of North Cowichan purchases the water off of Catalyst to supply our system for the town," assistant manager of operations Rob Bell told the Chronicle. "When they lose their supply we use our supply." The treatment facility is the main water source for the community and a similar leak last year also forced a boil water advisory on the approximately 1,100 residents for six days. "The location of the leak has been detected and North Cowichan staff are working with the Crofton Mill to repair the leak as quickly as possible," according to a media release.
The owners of Kelowna's downtown sawmill have won a one-third reduction in their property assessment. The 15 hectares of land and buildings owned by Tolko Industries have been reassessed at $21 million, down from a previous valuation of $29 million in 2016. A new valuation was set by the Property Assessment Appeal Board, based on a joint submission from Tolko and the BC Assessment Authority. Because it was a joint submission, the reasons for the lowered assessment are not publicly available. However, representatives for Tolko had argued previously at the appeal board that the assessment for the downtown sawmill site was too high, relative to other lands in Kelowna with a heavy industrial zoning classification.
The B.C. Court of Appeal has upheld a lower court decision to dismiss a guide outfitter and trapper's lawsuit against the provincial government and a long list of sawmill operators and logging companies. Harry Chingee first launched the lawsuit in June 2013, seeking damages for the clearcut logging on his tenures – 169,000 hectares surrounding McLeod Lake and northeast of McLeod Lake. In April 2016, a B.C. Supreme Court Justice dismissed Chingee's claims finding they had no reasonable chance of success. …. In Chingee's appeal, he argued the issue was not so much that logging occurred but that clearcut logging was used and substantially reduced the amount of widlife on the land by also removing non-merchantable timber.
Maine's governor didn't raise New Brunswick's softwood lumber concerns with President Donald Trump this week after all, a spokesperson said. Paul LePage met with Trump at the White House on Wednesday and, according to the Gallant government, was supposed to make the case for exempting New Brunswick from new tariffs on softwood lumber exports. …New Brunswick is fighting to regain its longtime exemption from U.S. softwood duties. …According to the U.S. Commerce Department, the volume of wood coming from government-owned Crown land in New Brunswick has reached a level where it must be considered subsidized.
Private woodlot owners in western Nova Scotia are likely feeling the pinch from high trucking costs, the loss of a major paper mill five years ago and a dwindling market for pulpwood, says the deputy minister of natural resources. Julie Towers was responding Thursday to concerns raised by some woodlot owners that they are being pushed out of the business because a large consortium of companies is flooding the market with wood logged on western Crown land. Towers said, however, that Nova Scotia forests are being harvested at a level far lower than they could be. Last year, about 3.6 million cubic metres of forest were cut down, out of the seven million the province deemed was available. "After doing all the assessments for protecting water, wildlife habitat, etc., that's the assessment of what could come off, in terms of trees, and we're cutting about half of that," Towers told CBC's Information Morning.
The new Two Rivers Lumber sawmill, which broke groud in January, is set to be up and running in Demopolis, Alabama by September 1, 2017. But with over 95% of the machinery installation done, the BID Group is ahead of the projected timeline and is looking to have the mill in full production sooner, as the company says in the press release received by Lesprom Network. The Demopolis sawmill will feature state-of-the-art technologies specifically designed, supplied, and installed by the BID Group, including a Comact optimized log bucking system, a Comact saw line with profiling systems, and a fully-automated mill outfeed. The planer mill will be equipped with the new, and now proven, Miller high speed planer, and the latest Comact GradExpertTM 2.0. Lumber drying will utilize continuous kiln technology provided by two Deltech dual-path kilns.
Russian exports of softwood and birch logs in the first quarter fell slightly short of the figures for last year. According to information from the Russian customs authorities, softwood log exports fell by 12% in the first three months to 2.743m m³. This perpetuated until the end of March the trend that had already been observed in the fourth quarter of 2016. At that time, the exports had fallen 11% below those of the same quarter of the year before. The exports had risen in each of the preceding quarters. The exports of birch logs decreased 7% in the first three months of this year to 1.500m m³.
…Chrystia Freeland, Canadian global affairs minister, and Wilbur Ross, the U.S. commerce secretary, have been in good communication lately but admitted to remaining serious hurdles to a deal- not the least of which is the approval of their respective lumber industries – there is an appetite to resolve the issue ahead of North American Free Trade Agreement negotiations later this year. …Gary Hufbauer, a trade expert at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, told Reuters the administration is probably willing to compromise some industry-specific concerns to help reach its larger NAFTA goal of reducing trade deficits. "It should be the USTR but I think Ross is much closer to the president on a personal and business level," said Lawrence Herman, a trade lawyer at Herman and Associates.
…To address the urgent housing shortage issue, the Heiltsuk Tribal Council has partnered with FPInnovations, the School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture and the Faculty of Forestry at the University of British Columbia (UBC) as well as with Mitacs, and together they have engaged with the community and have highlighted a potentially suitable housing option: 'tiny homes' (<500sq feet). Although the concept has been around since the 1970s, the inherent design of these homes has rarely been developed with, for, and by indigenous communities. This pilot project is developing long-term, culturally-focused 'tiny homes' to provide an independent living style to individuals, couples, and even young families within the Heiltsuk community.
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. – Smith & Fong Co., makers of Plyboo bamboo architectural panels and flooring products, announced the launch of Fractal and Fractool, a new concept in customizable architectural panels that utilizes the isosceles triangle. "Fractal panels, when combined with the Fractool, comprise one of the most revolutionary new product concepts we have introduced," Smith & Fong president Angus Stocks said. "The client now has full control over the design of a wall installation and all of this can be done online, on the client's time." The Fractool is a proprietary online design tool that is on the Plyboo website. It produces a photographic image of a wall of Fractal panels, custom configured by the user, along with a blueprint of how to assemble and install it, and a price that includes delivery.
DOTHAN, Ala. – On June 20, we reported that Florida-based International Beams, a manufacturer of high quality, pre-fabricated i-joist beams, was converting a General Electric 227,000-square-foot into a highly specialized manufacturing facility. But we didn't yet know what they were going to make. Now we do. International Beams says the plant will be the biggest cross-laminated timber manufacturing facility in the U.S. when it opens in early 2018. The $19.6 million expansion will create 60 jobs at the plant right away, and create other jobs in local timber, sawmill, and trucking. Two hundred jobs will be created altogether. International Beams says the CLT panels produced in Dothan will be sold mainly in the U.S. market. The company will use southern pine lumber to construct the panels.
OTTAWA – Our government has committed to reviewing and modernizing environmental assessment and regulatory processes. Our goal is to protect the environment and introduce modern safeguards, support reconciliation with Indigenous peoples and ensure good projects go ahead and resources get to market sustainably. Consultation is at the core of these reviews and a way forward in rebuilding public trust. Today, the Government released a discussion paper — one important step in this effort. Drawn from extensive public consultations, Expert Panel reports and Parliamentary studies conducted over the past 12 months, this paper outlines potential reforms being considered to rebuild trust and modernize Canada's environmental and regulatory processes. This includes a review of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012, the National Energy Board Act, the Fisheries Act, and the Navigation Protection Act.
Like many water sources across BC, the Glade Creek Community Watershed is under threat from proposed logging. The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources (FLNRO) neatly sliced the Glade Community Watershed in half, and granted tenure to two licensees. On this public land, ATCO Wood Products gets the top half and Kalesnikoff Lumber Company gets the bottom half. After investigation, the Glade community became concerned for our water quality. Could anyone help us to protect our water? We began asking. …The lack of public confidence in water protection in BC is well earned. Ask the folks in Ymir, where their tiny watershed is slated to be logged. …Ask the folks in Slocan Valley, who have been fighting for decades to protect their water sources.
A court action is still pending more than a year after members of Elphinstone Logging Focus (ELF) established a camp on Mount Elphinstone in an effort to stop BC Timber Sales (BCTS) from auctioning the cutblock known as A87125. The protests escalated and the company that won the right to log the area, Peninsula Logging, filed a notice of civil claim in August 2016 and an application for an injunction against demonstrators interfering with the logging, which has now been completed. Several people were arrested for defying that court order. The injunction expired Dec. 31, but notice of claim remains active. In a press release issued late last week, and in court documents, ELF argues that continuing with the claim amounts to a so-called SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation).
Effective immediately, the new allowable annual cut for the Invermere Timber Supply Area is 496,720 cubic metres, chief forester Diane Nicholls announced today. After five years, the cut level will decrease to 424,800 cubic metres. The mountain pine beetle epidemic and the salvage logging of dead pine are ending in the Invermere Timber Supply Area. This new, two-tier cut level, which is about 17% less than the 598,570 cubic metres set in 2005, reflects a transition to lower mid-term harvest levels. The reduced cut level also reflects the creation of additional wildlife habitat areas, which has reduced the area available for timber harvesting by about 16%.
By Bill Acord, president, Loggers Association of Northern California, Jim Henson, president, Sierra Cascade Logging Conference. and Hardie Tatum, president, Associated California Loggers.
One doesn't need to write 38 books about wildfire to understand that fuel loads influence the size and severity of forest fires. Decades of scientific research and practical on-the-ground experience strongly indicate that reducing fuel loads on the forests helps prevent catastrophic wildfires. Yet a recent guest columnist, and self-described author and expert, denied in this newspaper the relationship between fuel loads and fire intensity, presumably to defend his extreme "let-it-burn" ideology. …The legacy of "hands-off" forest management and the "let-it-burn" philosophy is that California is losing its forests. Since the mid-1980s, the Forest Service's California Region has accumulated a 3.46 million-acre backlog of identified reforestation needs, or forest lands burned in wildfires and never restored. What were once abundant green forests are now brushfields.
The Ochoco National Forest has released a plan for a 137-mile trail system specifically for off-highway vehicles. Forest officials expressed the hope that more designated areas for OHV riders will reduce the illegal cross-country riding that happens now. "We can start leaning in on law enforcement and public education, and start sorting out legitimate use from unauthorized access," said Stacey Forson, a forest supervisor. "It's been challenging to do that without having a suitable system of routes for recreation users." But environmental groups aren't convinced. "By designating the OHV trail system, I actually think the Forest Service will increase illegal use across the forest," said Sarah Cuddy with Oregon Wild.
News that the U.S. Forest Service is proposing a way to limit the number of people entering Oregon's wilderness areas didn't come as a major surprise. As the number of people hiking and camping in Oregon's outdoors has skyrocketed, wilderness areas, often in fragile alpine environments, have been particularly hard-hit. What did surprise many was the scope of a plan announced this month by Willamette and Deschutes national forests. They propose a system that would require a permit to hike or backpack in the Mount Jefferson, Mount Washington, Three Sisters, Diamond Peak and Waldo Lake wilderness areas. Sweeping plan would limit entry to Mount Jefferson, Three Sisters, other Oregon wilderness areas. The goal is to limit crowds and damage by restricting numbers, officials said.
LITTLE ROCK – That ancient oak standing amongst a crowded forest canopy may look like the perfect magnet for deer, but that tree may not be the best use of space for wildlife in the long run. Selectively removing some damaged, old and less productive trees is part of healthy forest management and necessary to begin the next generation of forest for our children to enjoy. Martin Blaney is the statewide habitat program coordinator for the AGFC. He's heard from many concerned hunters and even state representatives about logging operations to improve wildlife habitat on wildlife management areas during his 31 years with the Commission. He explains that money is not the motivation behind any timber harvest on WMAs. It's about offering a variety of species and ages throughout the forest to benefit the wildlife now and in the future.
The storied New Jersey Pine Barrens sprawl across seven counties and more than a million acres — an undulant expanse of verdant forest that remains one of the state's great treasures. But along numerous sections of the Pine Barrens' waterways, "ghost forests" are taking hold. Stands of Atlantic white-cedar are dying off, giving way to saltwater marshes and leaving thousands of acres of dead trees in their wake. It's a natural phenomenon that has happened in the past, but traditionally the dead patches recover over time. Now, however, scientists believe that sea level rise, caused by climate change driven by human activity, has worsened the situation beyond repair. The ghost forests of dead trees that currently line rivers and creeks throughout the Pine Barrens are never coming back.
WARSAW, Poland – Poland's environment minister said Friday that he will use an upcoming UNESCO conference to defend his position on allowing logging in a pristine forest. Jan Szyszko is under heavy criticism from environmental groups and from European Union authorities who say that Bialowieza Forest, in eastern Poland, is threatened by a triple increase in logging that the minister permitted there. The EU is threatening sanctions. …Szyszko argues that the increased logging is only carried out in younger sections traditionally used for timber production and that it fights bark beetle infestations in line with EU laws. "Poland is currently defending EU law, recreating destroyed habitats, but across the world it has been described as the felling of trees," Szyszko said on the Polish Radio station on Friday .
Washington, DC – The U.S. Forest Service has been unable to identify the safeguards it claims to have recently adopted to prevent wide-scale commercial timber theft and fraud, according to a lawsuit filed today by Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER). The Forest Service's own internal reviews point to systemic failures leading to multi-million dollar losses for taxpayers on the latest major timber sales it conducted on the Tongass National Forest in Alaska. One 2016 "Washington Office Activity Review" uncovered by PEER found that two large Tongass commercial timber sales each racked up big monetary losses. In addition, required inspections to prevent timber theft were bypassed. The review called for "an independent review" to "prevent similar issues in future timber and stewardship contracts" but that recommendation appears to have been sidelined.
Not enough trees are being planted in Wales and the Welsh Government needs to do more to meet targets, woodland organisations have said. The Wales Climate Change Strategy, published in 2010, contains an aspiration to create 2,000 hectares of new woodland every year between 2010 and 2030. It is seen as a way to help Wales meet its carbon emission reduction targets. Ministers said they were committed to increasing new trees in Wales. The Woodland Trust said Wales had not met its tree planting objectives and had failed to address the need for them in the landscape to deliver key environmental, public and economic gains.
Almost 100 hectares of forests in Romania's Cindrel Mountains have been illegally logged, Greenpeace Romania said, quoted by Agerpres. Meanwhile, the Sibiu Forests Department and the Brasov Forestry Guard are ignoring these violations of the Forests Code, the organization added. The more than eight illegal loggings took place in the Sadului Valley, in central Romania's Sibiu county. The organization says it notified the Sibiu Forests Department and the Brasov Forestry Guard but the institutions have answered in an unsatisfactory way. Because of this, Greenpeace is asking the Waters and Woods Ministry to intervene and investigate the situation.
A quiet forest fire season continued with the province reporting no new fires on Thursday afternoon. A media release from Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services said the forest fire hazard in the Northwest Region is predominantly low with an area of moderate to high hazard in the Nipigon and Sioux Lookout districts. On Wednesday, Nipigon Fire Number 7 was declared out after spreading over 5.5 hectares — less than 14 acres. It was the region's lone fire at the time. Despite this week's lack of activity and cool wet weather, fire officials are still encouraging caution — especially as the end of school sees more families venturing out into the wilderness for hiking, camping and fishing.
On Tuesday, June 27, the Goodwin Fire created a plume of smoke so dense and dark it blotted out the skies over Payson and turned the sun an unearthly orange. Citizens still jittery from the recent Highline Fire flooded the lines to town and county officials, prompting an emergency response message to reassure everyone the fire posed no threat to Rim Country. Since it started on Saturday, June 24, the fire near Prescott has blown up to char 20,644 acres. As of Wednesday, June 28, it was only 1 percent contained. The cause of the fire is still under investigation. Fire officials say weeks of hot, dry, windy weather have sucked all the moisture out of the vegetation. The desperately low humidity continues to create perfect conditions for a fire. Now strong winds whip the fire into a frenzy running it up hills, throwing embers to create short-range spotting and the dreaded word — crowning, where the fire jumps from the top of trees to the next tree.
DEWEY — Gov. Doug Ducey arrived at the edge of the Goodwin Fire Thursday afternoon to inspect an area that may have averted the worst, but offers a sobering reminder of the fragile existence in the parched southwest. Smoke filled the sky as Ducey approached Prescott Municipal Airport in the state plane. Before landing, the pilot flew over the southwest flank of the nearly 25,000-acre fire that has left Yavapai County in a state of emergency. The governor peered out a window as smoke billowed and a small aircraft flew below. Ducey, who canceled events in Colorado to stay closer to the fire, traveled to Dewey, where he told officials he was "happy to be here" and came to help. Asked if firefighters have the upper hand, Arizona State Forester Jeff Whitney refused to strike a triumphal tone.
Create defensible space, don't let pine needles accumulate on the roof, and always have a evacuation bag prepared. Reminders not to become complacent are everywhere as Wildfire Awareness Month wraps up and residents remember the Angora Fire, but there's another important strategy forest managers have up their sleeves, and would like to do more of — using controlled, prescribed fires. It's well known in the forestry community that fire is an essential part of a healthy forest, but in areas like Truckee where people are increasingly building homes in wildfire-prone areas, those fires aren't able to burn. "We should be burning about 12,000 acres a year," said U.S. Forest Service Truckee Ranger District Fuels Specialist Linda Ferguson.
The Rodeo-Chediski fire burned itself into the memories of everyone who lived along the Mogollon Rim, racing through the treetops at 60 mph, burning almost half-a-million acres and destroying 426 structures in the White Mountains. Even 15 years later, the blackened scar of that fire haunts drivers along Arizona 260 and U.S. 60. …So here we are, 15 years later. What have we done? The staffs from the two newspapers that serve the communities along the vast Mogollon Rim — the White Mountain Independent and Payson Roundup — have teamed up to answer that question. "Catastrophe: A Forest in Flames" will start by detailing the fire that changed the landscape of forest management in Arizona, which debuts today. We'll discuss how a century of bad decisions left the entire West primed for catastrophe.
The largest firefighting airtanker in the world cannot help contain the raging wildfire in Arizona because it hasn't been certified by the U.S. Forest Service. The Boeing 747-400 Supertanker can carry around 19,200 gallons of water, nearly twice the capacity of the DC-10 aircraft currently fighting the Goodwin fire scorching the Prescott National Forest in central Arizona, about 100 miles north of Phoenix. …The U.S. Forest Service did not return multiple requests for comment about the reason for the delay in certification. …The Goodwin fire has consumed nearly 25,000 acres of the national forest and forced thousands to flee since it began Saturday.
The Bonita Fire in the western section of the Carson National Forest is substantially over. The wildfire began June 3 because of a lightning strike and was located near Vallecitos and Cañon Plaza in the El Rito Ranger District of the Carson. The fire is 95 percent contained with about 50 forest service personnel still monitoring the site, according to a June 26 update from the Southwest Area Incident Management Team. While forest managers initially considered using the wildfire essentially as a prescribed burn, the primary objective became, and remains, active suppression. Crews are continuing to ensure the perimeter of the fire is secure.
HAMILTON, Mont. – Despite the devastation of the Roaring Lion fire near Hamilton last summer the fire's impact is providing a Missoula professor with important information. Peter Kolb is a PhD forestry specialist with the Montana State University Extension Service. Roaring Lion is a visible example of a wildland urban interface, that zone of transition between unoccupied land and human development. Kolb has been researching the trees on private land that were killed or severely damaged in the fire. Dr. Kolb took NBC Montana to several sites where the fire burned. In the upper reaches of an area where the fire did some of its most severe damage Kolb stood on private land where almost all the trees were gone. It had been a dense forest until the fire of 2016. The professor said heat and high winds killed the trees. He pointed to charred snags where wind had sheared off their tops.
Authorities expect to allow more evacuated residents to go home and to reopen a major route through an Arizona community that barely escaped destruction when a massive wildfire swept into town. The fire, which is about 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Phoenix, triggered evacuations for thousands of residents in a half-dozen communities and came close to consuming the town of Mayer. The incident commander got a big cheer at a community meeting Thursday night when he announced crews had secured lines around about 43 percent of the blaze, which has consumed about 45 square miles (116.55 sq. kilometers) of brush and forest.
Danish pension fund PKA and Australian banking group Macquarie joined forces in 2016 to acquire what is believed to be the largest dedicated biomass power plant in the world. The two organisations are 50:50 joint equity partners in the project owner MGT Teeside. The project, Tees Renewable Energy Plant (Tees REP), was developed by UK company MGT Power. …"The investment in the biomass power plant is in line with PKA's strategy of making a positive difference for the climate," says Peter Damgaard Jensen, CEO of PKA when the acquisition was agreed. …The plant will be fuelled by wood pellets and chips from certified sustainable forestry projects in North and South America as well as the Baltic region. It is expected to use more than 2.4 million tonnes of wood pellets and chips a year.


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Shell announces deep-water discovery in Gulf of Mexico
édité le 24/04/2019 - Plus de news de "SHELL" - Voir la fiche entreprise de "SHELL"
Shell Offshore Inc., a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell plc, announced a significant discovery at the Blacktip prospect in the deep water U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Evaluation is ongoing and appraisal planning is underway to further delineate the discovery and define development options.
"Blacktip is Shell's second material discovery in the Perdido Corridor and is part of a continuing exploration strategy to add competitive deep water options to extend our heartlands," said Andy Brown, Upstream Director for Royal Dutch Shell.
Blacktip is a Wilcox discovery in the Perdido thrust belt and was discovered in the Alaminos Canyon Block 380, approximately 30 miles from the Perdido platform and Whale discovery. The find presents the opportunity to augment existing production in the Perdido area where Shell's Great White, Silvertip and Tobago fields are already producing.
Drilling at the initial Blacktip well is still underway and has to date encountered more than 400 feet net oil pay with good reservoir and fluid characteristics. The well is currently being deepened to further assess the structure's potential. Blacktip is operated by Shell (52.375%) and co-owned by Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (20%), Equinor Gulf of Mexico LLC (19.125%), and Repsol E&P USA Inc. (8.5%).
This discovery in a Shell heartland adds to the company's Paleogene exploration success in the Perdido area. Through exploration, Shell has added more than one billion barrels of oil equivalent in the last decade in the Gulf of Mexico. The company's global deep-water production is on track to exceed 900,000 boe per day by 2020, from already discovered, established areas.
About Royal Dutch Shell plc
Royal Dutch Shell plc is incorporated in England and Wales, has its headquarters in The Hague and is listed on the London, Amsterdam, and New York stock exchanges. Shell companies have operations in more than 70 countries and territories with businesses including oil and gas exploration and production; production and marketing of liquefied natural gas and gas to liquids; manufacturing, marketing and shipping of oil products and chemicals and renewable energy projects.
Origine : Communiqué SHELL
Voir la fiche entreprise de "SHELL"
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23/05/2019 - Shell starts production at Appomattox in the Gulf of Mexico
24/04/2019 - Shell announces deep-water discovery in Gulf of Mexico
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26/02/2019 - Need for cleaner air driving strong LNG demand growth
04/02/2019 - Shell and partners start deep-water production at Lula North in Brazil
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30/11/2018 - Shell completes divestment of upstream interests in Ireland for up to $1.30 billion
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22/11/2018 - First gas flows from Clipper South Field into Bacton
21/11/2018 - Shell Australia and the Government of Timor-Leste agree on terms for sale of interest in Greater Sunrise fields
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31/05/2018 - Shell adds competitive, deep-water production in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico
31/05/2018 - PETRONAS to join LNG Canada project
24/05/2018 - Shell makes large heartland discovery in Gulf of Mexico
08/05/2018 - Shell sells its interest in Canadian Natural Resources Limited
03/05/2018 - CNOOC and Shell joint venture starts production at new petrochemical units in China
25/04/2018 - Shell invests in the Vito development in the Gulf of Mexico
24/04/2018 - Shell to sell its Downstream business in Argentina to Raizen
12/04/2018 - Shell publishes new report on strategy for energy transition
30/03/2018 - Shell expands Brazil operated footprint with new deep-water blocks
28/03/2018 - Shell completes sale of its stake in Iraq's West Qurna 1 oil field to ITOCHU Corporation
23/03/2018 - Shell to sell its stake in Iraq's West Qurna 1 Oil Field To Itochu Corporation
21/03/2018 - Downstream Open House: Shell gives profitable growth outlook as Downstream business transforms
16/03/2018 - Shell announces sale of New Zealand interests to OMV for USD 578mln
26/02/2018 - Shell sees potential LNG supply shortage as global demand surges
Toutes les news de "SHELL"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package gh2011b.models

import gh2011.models.PullRequest
import net.liftweb.json.JsonAST.{JArray, JValue}

case class MultiGollumEventPayload(pages: Seq[GollumPage])

object MultiGollumEventPayload
{
   def apply(json: JValue): Option[MultiGollumEventPayload] =
   {
      val n2s = gh3.node2String(json)(_)
      val n2l = gh3.node2Long(json)(_)
      val n2os = gh3.node2OptionString(json)(_)

      val pages = (json \ "pages") match {
         case JArray(x) => Some(x.map(e => GollumPage(e).get))
         case _ => None
      }

      if(pages.isDefined) Some(MultiGollumEventPayload(pages.get))
      else None
   }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Flodraulic Canada is a full-service pneumatics and hydraulics distributor and systems integrator serving all mobile, industrial and marine markets.
Through its branches and divisions across North America, Flodraulic offers expertise in a wide variety of complementary technologies. This unique capability allows Flodraulic to serve its customers as a true single-source provider of fluid power, electrical and mechanical technologies. A summary of Flodraulic technologies, includes: centralized lubrication, compressed air, coolant and chip management systems, custom solutions, electrical panels, extruded aluminum profiles, filtration, fluid conveyance, pneumatics, process filtration and systems, test systems, and wireless radio remote controls.


text:
Justia Patents US Patent Application for METHOD FOR OBTAINING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) ECHO-PLANAR IMAGE (EPI) DATA Patent Application (Application #20190369194)
METHOD FOR OBTAINING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) ECHO-PLANAR IMAGE (EPI) DATA
May 31, 2019 - Siemens Healthcare Limited
A method for obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) echo-planar image (EPI) data, including providing a homogeneous, static background field; providing a gradient field to select a slice of an object for imaging; applying Radio-frequency (RF) pulses to excite magnetic resonance in the selected slice; and measuring a radio frequency signal emitted by the selected slice containing image data. The RF pulses are repeatedly applied separated by a time period shorter than a recovery time of static material in the selected slice such that the static material remains in a state of magnetic saturation, while dynamic material arriving within the slice since a previous RF pulse is not magnetically saturated.
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The present disclosure relates to cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and in particular, imaging of cerebral blood flow.
Biomechanical properties such as compliance and resistance of cerebral blood vessels is an important marker of cerebrovascular function in health and disease monitoring. Here, "compliance" is akin to "flexibility" and indicates a reaction of the blood vessel to a pressure wave of blood.
Travelling pressure waves associated with the cardiac cycle provide an endogenous source of pulsatile flow and volume changes in cerebral vessels, from which an assessment of the biomechanical properties of the cerebrovasculature can be derived. Conventional measurement techniques have not provided sufficient temporal resolution to evaluate the contribution of different phases of cardiac (heart-beat) cycle. Attempts to increase temporal resolution have largely resulted in a reduction of spatial resolution below a useful level. The present disclosure aims to provide an imaging technique with improved spatial and temporal resolution to enable evaluation of the contribution of vascular flow resistance during different phases of the cardiac cycle, and to establish a healthy or diseased state of the blood vessel.
Recent evidence suggests that brain-cardiac interactions are highly relevant in clinical cerebrovascular conditions. Standard clinical practice would benefit from a consolidated technique for assessing physiological brain-cardiac interactions in a dynamic fashion.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may in principle allow for dynamic measurement of cerebrovascular function for clinical appraisal, by rapidly sampling tissue magnetization changes that result from physiological brain-cardiac interactions. In practice, such methods have been limited by the achievable spatial and/or temporal imaging resolution. The present disclosure seeks to provide improved spatial and/or temporal imaging resolution in magnetic resonance imaging for dynamic measurement of cerebrovascular function, in particular to detect blood inflow.
Recently, accelerated EPI has been proposed as a desirable approach to explore cerebrovascular compliance. Techniques have been proposed to assess the cerebrovascular compliance by estimation of arterial signal fluctuations. Due to a repetition time (TR) shorter than the cardiac cycle, such procedures showed some signal fluctuations in brain vessels due to the cardiac cycle. Measured MRI signals, affected by cerebral blood volume and flow velocity changes (CBV, CBVF), discriminated different brain regions in function of their different cerebrovascular dynamic. Nevertheless, the temporal scale of the acquisition methods proposed therein cannot monitor with high resolution the signal produced by the cerebrovascular dynamic on a beat-to-beat basis. That is to say, the repetition time (TR) of the MRI acquisition is too long to provide CBF and CBVF profiles during a cardiac phase cycle. The methods proposed cannot disentangle arterial blood inflow effects from other effects of vascular dynamic.
The present disclosure provides an improved method for assessing vascular resistance and compliance in large cerebral arteries, using MRI imaging, by exploiting an inflow effect on the magnitude signal of ultra-fast echo-planar imaging (EPI).
The present disclosure may be better understood by reference to the following description of certain embodiments thereof, given by way of non-limiting examples only, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1A shows an example of slice positioning over the MCA using the phase contrast scan as a guide;
FIGS. 1B-1 through 1B-4 shows mean data for four different TRs from a representative subject;
FIG. 2 displays results of the MCA time series and corresponding power spectrum for a representative subject;
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate example cardiac waveforms;
FIGS. 4A, 4B-1, and 4B-2 show features of the transverse magnetization pulsatile waveform and definitions for quantitative waveform analysis, and scatter plots for Peak Ratio (PR) and Pulsatility (PI) indices across multiple hypercapnia conditions; and
FIG. 5 illustrates an example acquisition scheme according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the MRI magnitude signal is retrospectively gated to the cardiac cycle, by retrospectively binning data into different cardiac phases which allows the pulsatile flow profile to be extracted. The use of an ultra-fast segmented EPI readout maximises sensitivity to flow in the magnitude signal, without the need for velocity encoding gradients, thus allowing pulsatile flow to measured dynamically on a cardiac beat-to-beat basis.
The present disclosure provides a method in which a single image slice is repeatedly imaged by an MRI method at a short interval. This may be termed "multi-shot" (segmented) EPI and such readout method increases saturation in static tissue, thereby to increase sensitivity to magnetic resonance imaging in inflowing material.
In "multi-shot" (segmented) EPI, RF pulses are applied more rapidly than the static tissue can recover from resonance induced by a previous RF pulse. This is known as saturation and results in a reduced signal in resulting image data. In the case of incoming blood flow, magnetic resonance will not previously have been induced in newly-arriving blood flow; it will not be saturated. Therefore, newly-arrived blood will produce a stronger response to the first imaging step it encounters.
This is the inflow effect: newly arrived material (in this case, blood) will produce a stronger MRI response than material which is at least partly saturated from a previous imaging sequence. As blood which has arrived in the time interval since the previous imaging sequence is highlighted, the methods of the present disclosure provide a clear measurement of pulsatile flow.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the short interval between imaging sequences and the resulting high temporal resolution is enabled by repeatedly imaging a small volume of matter, for example a single EPI slice.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, a partial Fourier transform and parallel imaging approach is adopted. An MRI response signal is measured in a reciprocal space, and the signal is calculated in the geometrical space by fast Fourier transform (FFT). In the partial Fourier transform step, the signal is acquired from only a portion of the reciprocal space: the signal is acquired only on a fraction on one side of the reciprocal space, and the corresponding information from the other side is mirrored to fill the missing information by assuming reciprocal space symmetry. Parallel Imaging is the technique that allows to further reduce the points of the reciprocal space to be acquired, by using more receiver elements, such as RF probes or RF coils. Thus, a high spatial and/or spatial resolution may be obtained.
A high temporal resolution is obtained in order to accurately sample pulsatile flow. The properties of the pulsatile flow profile yield clinically useful information regarding downstream vascular resistance and vessel compliance.
The present disclosure enables improved studies into how cardiovascular risk relates to cerebrovascular risk, for example by improving studies of properties of the MRI EPI signal by investigating in a varied biological age range sample, and primarily compare to a measure of aortic stiffness.
The present disclosure accordingly provides a method for assessing vascular resistance and compliance in large cerebral arteries by specifically exploiting with high temporal resolution the inflow effect on the magnitude of MRI signal. The method of the present disclosure employs ultra-fast segmented echo planar imaging (EPI). By retrospectively gating the signal to the cardiac cycle, by retrospectively binning data into different cardiac phases, allows the pulsatile flow profile to be extracted, synchronised to the cardiac cycle. The use of an ultra-fast segmented EPI readout maximises sensitivity to flow in the magnitude signal, without the need for velocity encoding gradients, thus allowing pulsatile flow to be measured dynamically on a cardiac beat-to-beat basis. The multi-shot EPI readout increases saturation of static material to increase sensitivity to flowing material, and parallel imaging combined with Phase-Partial Fourier approach maintains a high temporal resolution in order to accurately sample pulsatile flow.
The method of the present disclosure provides high specificity to inflow effects. This is achieved by rapid MRI EPI imaging which keeps static tissue in a saturated state, while arriving blood is unsaturated at its first imaging sequence and provides a stronger MRI imaging response. The method may be applied during a standard clinical MRI visit: it is non-invasive and necessitates only a few minutes to provide reliable clinical data.
In preferred embodiments, the method of the present disclosure involves using an ultrafast segmented acquisition. The segmentation: use of multiple RF pulse in acquisition of a single EPI image slice allows very short radiofrequency pulses separation time (for example, less than 10 ms). This approach results in a high saturation of the static tissue signal, providing specificity of the acquired signal to inflowing material.
The mechanism behind the saturation is that continuous fast measurement of a static sample does not allow for full recovery of the longitudinal magnetisation, when the rate of measurement is much shorter than the T1 of the sample, and so saturation of the available magnetisation occurs. The efficiency depends primarily on short TR, flip angle, the velocity of the flowing spins, and the thickness of the imaging slice/slab. It is also dependent on T1 of the sample and therefore on field strength, and so a stronger blood-based inflow effect is observed at a background static field strength of 7 T compared with a background static field strength of 3 T. TOF angiography at background static field strength of 7 T may enable smaller cerebral arteries can be observed than would be the case at lower background static field strength.
The improved temporal resolution enabled by the present disclosure is allowed by a very short acquisition time (TA) of a single slice in MRI EPI, for example less than 100 ms. Short intervals between RF acquisition is enabled and obtained by 1) segmentation of an EPI sequence; 2) eliminating events not strictly necessary to generate the required gradient echo signal; 3) by acquiring during the phase encoding gradients; 4) by applying Phase-Partial Fourier. The short acquisition time TA, other than by the previous point, is further enabled by adopting a high parallel imaging acceleration factors (which may be known as GRAPPA) and thereby reducing the number of RF shots needed to acquire one slice. Up to five shots may still be required through the use of multichannel receiver coils. An example of an acquisition scheme of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 5.
Acquired image data may be averaged over a period of time. For example, six minutes' worth of image data may be synchronised to the cardiac cycle and collated together to provide an averaged image data set for one cardiac cycle.
The present disclosure method may enable high clinical impact in assessing specific aspects of heart-brain interaction and provide reliable information in cerebrovascular clinical protocols. Studies may be conducted in a varied biological age range sample, and compared to a measure of aortic stiffness to understand how cardiovascular risk relates to cerebrovascular risk.
Further details of the present disclosure will be discussed below in the context of more specific embodiments:
Cerebrovascular function in the middle cerebral artery may be measured using the cardiac-induced inflow effect on fast echo-planar imaging.
Cardiac-induced pulsatile flow-related signal enhancement in fast EPI sequences provides a dynamic assessment of cerebrovascular function in the large feeding arteries of the brain. Cardiac pulsatile waveforms, derived from magnitude data taken at the site of the middle cerebral artery, are attenuated at longer TRs, demonstrating they are related to pulsatile flow rather than volume changes. The same waveforms are modulated by a global flow-increasing hypercapnic challenge (Hypercapnia: abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood), showing that this endogenous signal contrast can be useful for exploring dynamic cerebrovascular function. A multi-shot segmented EPI approach is found to further increase this signal contrast.
Important parameters of cerebrovascular health such as vessel wall compliance, impedance and reflection can be obtained by studying pulsatile changes in blood volume and flow velocity that are the result of the cardiac induced pressure wave. A conventional method recently optimized a fast non-gated EPI sequence to be sensitive to cardiac induced cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes. The present disclosure adopts a similar approach to create a contrast that is predominantly weighted towards cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) changes using a fast EPI readout with a very short TR, a 90° flip angle and a relatively thick slice.
Multi-shot segmented EPI approaches are found desirable for this application in exploiting flow related enhancement of the magnitude signal in fast EPI.
Image acquisition: A Siemens 3T MAGNETOM Prisma clinical scanner equipped with a 32-channel receiver head coil (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen) was used to acquire data in 5 healthy adults. A phase contrast scan was used to localise subsequent EPI scans, which were positioned over a segment of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) that best approximated a perpendicular transaction. FIG. 1A shows a corresponding example of slice positioning over the MCA using the phase contrast scan as a guide. FIGS. 1B-1 through 1B-4 show mean data for four different TRs from a representative subject. Twelve combinations of ˜60 s scans were acquired using a gradient-echo EPI sequence for each patient. The various scans were performed under four different TR conditions (TR), three different hypercapnia conditions (HC). The scans were acquired with the following parameters: TR=15/30/60/120 ms, dynamics=4096,2048,1024,512, TE=6.8 ms, flip angle=90°, FOV=192 mm (2=2 in-plane resolution), GRAPPA=5, bandwidth=2500 Hz/Px. Each TR represents a different magnetic saturation level in O2 in the imaged region. The three HC conditions were achieved by manually targeting PETCO2 to three respective discrete levels relative to baseline. The three levels used were no hypercapnia (+0), a +4 mmHg block (+4), and a +8 mm Hg block (+8). A pulse oximeter and a belt were used to record the pulse and respiratory waveforms respectively.
Data analysis: After motion correction and removal of linear trends and respiratory noise, data were retrospectively gated to the cardiac cycle by retrospectively binning into different cardiac phases using pulse oximeter traces to create a single cardiac waveform. A mask of nine voxels centred on the voxel of peak mean intensity in the MCA region was created, and the mean cardiac waveform calculated. To facilitate a quantitative analysis of cardiac waveforms, a Pulsatility Index (PI) and Peak Ratio (PR) measure were calculated for each condition, as illustrated in FIGS. 4A, 4B-1, and 4B-2. In FIG. 4A shows features of the transverse magnetization pulsatile waveform and definitions for quantitative waveform analysis; FIGS. 4B-1 and 4B-2 show scatter plots for Peak Ratio (PR) and Pulsatility (PI) indices across multiple hypercapnia conditions. As illustrated, there is a significant difference in PR between +0 and +4 HC conditions (paired t-test, p<0.05) and a trend in difference between +0 and +8 HC conditions (paired t-test, p=0.06).
FIG. 2 displays results of the MCA time series and corresponding power spectrum for each TR; the power at the cardiac primary and harmonic frequencies reduces as a function of TR: Time series and power spectra from the mask averaged time series for HC +0 condition for a representative subject. The fundamental cardiac frequency can be observed for all TRs, but higher order harmonics are attenuated for longer TRs.
FIGS. 3A and 3B demonstrate that the strongest cardiac waveform is in the TR15 scan, with TR30 showing less defined peaks. TR60 and TR120 lack discernible cardiac waveforms. FIG. 3A illustrates group mean transverse magnetization cardiac waveforms, over one cardiac cycle, for each TR and HC condition; FIG. 3B illustrates group mean, and within-subject error, transverse magnetization waveforms for TR15 over one cardiac cycle. Qualitatively, a modulation of the waveforms by HC can be observed. Since the sequence is increasingly sensitive to inflow at the shortest TRs, these results suggest that the measured cardiac waveforms are directly related to CBFV pulsatility.
Two clearly resolved peaks are present in the TR15 waveform; the second possibly representing the reflected wave, which is observed in TCD measures of CBFV in MCA. For TR15, a clear separation is observed between waveforms for the different PETCO2 levels, as illustrated in FIG. 3B. There is no significant modulation of PI by hypercapnia, but the PR is attenuated at +4 mm Hg compared to +0 (p=0.03), and the same trend is observed at +8 mmHg (p=0.06) (compared to +0).
In this embodiment, fast EPI is used to demonstrate strong cardiac pulsatility in the magnitude signal in region of the MCA, which is attenuated with increasing TR, indicating a signal contrast that is primarily flow dependent. Properties of the pulsatile waveform, such as the ratio between the primary and secondary peak, appear to be modulated by hypercapnia, which causes global vasodilation of downstream vessels and potentially dilation of the MCA itself. This suggests that this magnitude based contrast mechanism is sensitive to vascular changes that occur within subjects, and thus may be useful for characterising dynamic cerebrovascular properties with high sensitivity.
However, confidence in these data is undermined by its coarse spatial resolution, which means CBV and partial volume effects may confound the results. With single-shot EPI, higher spatial resolution necessarily requires a longer TR, which as demonstrated here attenuates the inflow effect. The present disclosure accordingly proposes a multi-shot segmented EPI approach as additional lines of k-space could be acquired without sacrificing the saturation effect. Shorter time between RF pulses would allow thinner slices to be acquired without losing sensitivity to flow velocities.
The high sampling rate afforded by a magnitude based EPI approach allows analysis of the cardiac waveform on a beat-to-beat basis, which could be informative for understanding dynamic changes in vascular compliance and downstream resistance.
Different acquisition schemes may in principle be used, such as gradient echo. Some aspects concerning the quality of the signal may be improved by using slightly different acquisition schemes. Such embodiments must however maintain high temporal resolution, and the ability of sampling the cardiac cycle with high temporal resolution. Different compressed sampling of k-space may also be beneficial, but it necessitates a-priori knowledge that may be attained only through preliminary pilot and clinical applications.
According to the present disclosure, the inflow effect in MRI EPI imaging is exploited for improved measurement of cardiac induced pulsatile changes in cerebral blood flow velocity, particularly in large arteries but also in smaller blood vessels and even, in some embodiments, to microvasculature. The technique is preferably applied to a single slice placed perpendicular to a major cerebral artery.
A short TR is used, to obtain high temporal resolution. On the other hand, this limits the achievable spatial resolution. Multiple-shot (i.e., multiple RF pulse) segmented EPI readout allows a whole plane of k-space to be captured in an MRI EPI image data frame, achieving a higher spatial resolution because a saturation effect can be maintained by each shot, but image data from several shots may be collated to form a high-resolution image of a slice. In an example, a whole plane of k-space may be acquired in 50 ms, and this may be made up of five shots (RF pulses), each providing image data in a time period of 10 ms. This is the "segmentation" of the EPI imaging: partial data sets are captured in response to each RF pulse, and those partial data sets collated into a full image data frame representing a single EPI data slice. The five resulting data sets are collated into a single data set of high spatial resolution. The repetition of RF pulses at 10 ms intervals maintain a high level of saturation, thereby providing high temporal resolution. In an example embodiment, one hundred time points may be imaged during a single cardiac cycle. The increased temporal and spatial resolution enable separation of effects to be deduced: for example, separation of effects due to volume of flow or due to velocity of flow. There may be some incoming blood which flows in a counter-direction for a part of the cardiac cycle. This may be detected and evaluated by the high temporal and spatial resolution provided by the present disclosure.
Magnetic saturation may also enable the separation of data derived from arterial blood flow, which has a higher oxygen content than venous blood flow. High temporal and spatial resolution data may be acquired by measuring oxygenation in the blood flow in the blood vessels under evaluation. The response level and reaction speed of the blood to an applied RF pulse is dependent on its oxygenation level, so different saturation effects arise for different types of blood, enabling them to be distinguished in the acquired MRI data.
The saturation effect is most marked on static tissue. Conventionally, static tissue provides a very large signal, obscuring the image signal from blood volume. A rapid sequence of RF pulses, at a period rather shorter than the recovery time TR) ensures that the static tissue remains magnetically saturated to reduce its response. The shorter the period between RF pulses, the greater the level of saturation maintained in the static tissue.
The described properties TR and oxygenation level represent two dimensions that enable different effects to be distinguished within the image data.
Abbreviations/Definitions
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
TR Repetition time (recovery time?)
CBV cerebral blood volume
CBVF Cerebral blood volume flow
EPI echo-planar imaging
Endogenous having an internal cause or origin
T1 longitudinal relaxation time of magnetisation
TR recovery time
TOF time of flight
TA acquisition time
TE transverse relaxation time of magnetisation
FOV Feld Of View
GRAPPA GeneRalised Autocalibratin Partial Parallel Acquisition
Px Pixel
PI Pulsatility Index
PR Peak ratio
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
MCA Middle Cerebral Artery
HC Hypercapnia
1. A method for obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) echo-planar image (EPI) data, comprising:
providing a homogeneous, static background field;
providing a gradient field to select a slice of an object for imaging;
applying Radio-Frequency (RF) pulses to excite magnetic resonance in the selected slice, wherein the RF pulses are repeatedly applied separated by a time period shorter than a recovery time of static material in the selected slice such that the static material remains in a state of magnetic saturation, while dynamic material arriving within the slice since a previous RF pulse is not magnetically saturated; and
measuring an RF signal emitted by the selected slice having image data.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein an image frame representing the slice is collated from partial image data obtained from each of a plurality of consecutive RF pulses, and image data resulting from each of the consecutive RF pulses representing partial data of the slice.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein consecutive image frames are obtained from a sequence of RF pulses, each image frame representing the slice and being collated from partial image data obtained from each of a plurality of consecutive RF pulses, and image data resulting from each of the consecutive RF pulses representing partial data of the slice.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein data is obtained representing a cyclic variation in composition of the slice, such that a time interval between acquisition of consecutive frames of image data of the slice is less than a period of the cyclic variation.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the time interval between acquisition of consecutive frames of image data of the slice is such that one hundred time points are imaged during a single period of the cyclic variation.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein acquired image data is averaged over a number of cycles of the cyclic variation to provide an averaged set of image data frames for one cycle of the cyclic variation.
Applicants: Siemens Healthcare Limited (Camberley), Cardiff University (Cardiff), Siemens Healthcare GmbH (Erlangen)
Inventors: Fabrizio Fasano (Cardiff), Robin Heidemann (Litzendorf), Kevin Murphy (Cardiff), Joseph Whittaker (Cardiff), Patrick Liebig (Erlangen)
International Classification: G01R 33/561 (20060101); G01R 33/483 (20060101); G01R 33/56 (20060101);


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text:
Abu Dhabi to invest in Time Warner HQ
in News, TV/Radio Deals
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the world's biggest sovereign wealth funds, is investing alongside Singapore's state fund GIC Pte in the headquarters of Time Warner Inc in New York City. Reports said that the sovereign wealth fund was part of a $1.3bn deal, which is now in the final stages. The buyer, led by […]
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the world's biggest sovereign wealth funds, is investing alongside Singapore's state fund GIC Pte in the headquarters of Time Warner Inc in New York City.
Reports said that the sovereign wealth fund was part of a $1.3bn deal, which is now in the final stages.
The buyer, led by real estate firm Related Group, has secured money for this from Abu Dhabi and Singapore, which agreed to finance more than 80% of the purchase, it was reported in The Wall Street Journal.
The deal is said to be one of the biggest in a surge of businesses involving foreign investors in US commercial real estate.
Tags: UAE sovereign fundAbu Dhabi Investment AuthorityfeaturedpostAbu DhabiTime WarnerNey YorkHeadquartersHQ
BAFTA nominates Sally El Hosaini's 'The Swimmers'


text:
WillowTree names Kelli Palmer as new Chief Diversity Officer
WillowTree Staff
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Virginia—June 14, 2022—WillowTree, a market-leading digital product consultancy serving the world's most admired brands, today announces the appointment of Kelli Palmer as its new Chief Diversity Officer. Palmer will report to CEO Tobias Dengel and join the company's executive leadership team.
Kelli Palmer joins WillowTree to support and expand its existing Diversity Equity and Inclusion (DEI) and social impact commitments. Palmer will play a key role in these programs, as well as supporting WillowTree's environmental, social, corporate governance, and ongoing efforts to drive diversity and equity in its workforce demographics.
"I look at everything through the lens of ESG—environmental, social, governance," said Palmer. "Environment writ large is not simply about sustainability, it's about people and culture and how we leave each other better than we found each other. I'm fascinated by how WillowTree can reframe its technology expertise and engage client-partners in the art of problem solving for the communal good. I truly believe we can increase the value proposition for our prospective employees, utilizing and leveraging the commitments we've already made and then making our intention endemic within our entire organization."
Since 2017, WillowTree has been part of the Pledge 1% network, providing world class digital services to leading charities and non-profits at substantially reduced costs. This includes the company's Community Outreach efforts to bridge the digital divide—connecting local nonprofits to WillowTree's offices in Charlottesville, Durham, Columbus, New York, and Vancouver. Through organizations like Charlottesville's Computers For Kids (C4K), WillowTree exposes underrepresented youth to new technologies and career paths through school visits, office tours, and mentorship.
For more than a decade Palmer served as Head of Global Inclusion & Diversity and Corporate Citizenship at CFA Institute, a global association of investment professionals. In this role, Palmer led the strategic direction of their internal Inclusion & Diversity program and drove the execution of related initiatives, projects, events, and programming. This included strategies to improve the organization's ability to recruit, retain, and promote an inclusive, diverse, and culturally competent employee base. Palmer is passionate about data and its implications, be it quantitative or qualitative, and her talent for developing strategy and translating it into action will be a substantial asset to WillowTree.
"I want WillowTree to be the North Star on topics of diversity, equity and inclusion in the tech landscape," said Tobias Dengel, CEO of WillowTree. "That inherently requires something bold and visionary, and that's where Kelli comes in. DEI is often confined to hiring demographics and ERGs, which are hugely important, but Kelli's vision goes far beyond these internal initiatives and metrics, pushing us to think of our role as industry and community leaders. How can WillowTree rethink our power to convene—our ability to work with client-partners and community partners—and build digital tools that serve the greater good?"
"The combination of ingredients at WillowTree is hard to find," said Kelli Palmer. "The leadership, the maturity of the company, the people and culture, the community partnerships, and the audacious DEI commitments made to date all blend into a symbiotic ecosystem that represents an extraordinary opportunity for growth. In terms of how WillowTree treats its people and collaborates with Charlottesville and other regional communities, they've done so much already in the DEI space. They got the soil fertile and now my job is to further cultivate all they've established."
Prior to joining CFA in 2011, Palmer amassed over a decade of experience in educational institutions, including Sweet Briar College, the Institute for Shipboard Education, and University of Virginia–taking a short leave of absence from UVa during the 2008 election cycle to lead an unprecedented registration and mobilization effort focused on Black rural voters.
Kelli Palmer earned a Bachelor's Degree in Elementary Education from Elon University, where she is now a member of the Board of Trustees. She received her Master's Degree in Counselor Education from Wake Forest University, and a Ph.D. in Higher Education Administration from the University of Virginia. A lifelong learner, she studied at Oxford University and has earned graduate certificates from Boston College and Harvard University. Palmer is an active contributor on numerous local and state nonprofit Boards, including the University of Virginia Physicians Group, Community Climate Collaborative (C3), Peabody School, and the Piedmont Virginia Community College Foundation. In addition to her educational and professional accomplishments, she is a classically trained vocalist and former member of the Washington Opera Company.
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Getting Big on Data from the Get-go
How to Turn Preferences into Profit
A letter from WillowTree President, Tobias Dengel
Piedmont Virginia Community College Launches First Digital Development Academy Co-Developed with WillowTree
TELUS International announces agreement to acquire WillowTree, a full-service digital product provider


Synthetic biology tools can be used to exploit potential applications of cyanobacteria, promising photosynthetic hosts for production of fuels and chemicals. Specific genetic tools are needed for the development of robust cyanobacterial strains for bioengineering.
The key work presented in this thesis is a characterization and design of bioengineering tools for the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme strain ATCC 29133. This multicellular cyanobacterium may express several oxidative stress-managing systems, including five Dps proteins. Two of these Dps proteins, NpDps2 and NpDps5, are involved in the tolerance against oxidative stress that induced by H2O2 or high light intensities. The capacity of NpDps2 and NpDps5 to further enhance oxidative stress tolerance, was confirmed by homologous overexpression and a constitutive strong promoter in N. punctiforme. The results show the potential of Dps proteins as tools to create robust cyanobacterial cells with improved stress tolerance. This work also establishes a Dps-mediated link among light tolerance, H2O2 scavenging, and iron homeostasis, and provides evidence on the non-redundant role of multiple Dps in multicellular cyanobacteria. To address the lack of well-defined promoters in cyanobacteria, a minimal synthetic promoter, SynDIF, was designed for heterocyst-specific expression. Promoters with 5'TCCGGA, the DIF motif, at the -35 region, have been identified to give heterocyst-specific transcription. To identify promoter elements, critical for cell-specificity, DIF promoter sequences from Anabaena PCC 7120 were used in a consensus sequence approach. The importance of the consensus regions for cell-specificity was investigated with promoter-eyfp reporters. This result provides new insights to the details of DIF promoters, which suggest that the DIF-motif, only together with the consensus or a native DIF promoter -10 region, are sufficient for heterocyst-specificity. Therefore, the DIF-35 region was (i) not independent of other promoter elements, and (ii) not sufficient for heterocyst-specific expression. Besides, the strength of the synthetic promoter was improved by including the upstream element from the native heterocyst specific promoter PNsiR1. Moreover, the SynDIF promoter is the shortest promoter ever reported to provide heterocyst-specific expression, indicating the potential of introducing this promoter in future biotechnological applications.


Need to tow your car with a Penske rental?
Picture this: You're trying to figure out how to get your car and all of your belongings to your new house. You rent a Penske truck, which takes care of the household goods. But if you're driving the truck, how do you get your car there? Towing a Penske® trailer could work, but it may complicate an already difficult drive. Learn more about Penske trailer options, take a look at a few things to be aware of during the trip, and explore alternatives for moving.
If you've never rented a Budget® truck before, there can be a lot of details to figure out — from choosing the right size to understanding how the process works. Find out all about Budget truck rental using the FAQs below, and then compare it to U-Pack®, an affordable alternative to truck rental.
Want to compare other truck rental options? Check out this guide to rental truck moves.
As you start looking at rental truck options for an upcoming move, you might be thinking about using a Ryder truck. If so, there are some things to consider before making a reservation. Learn what equipment is available, get answers to FAQs, and learn what costs to expect when renting from them.


text:
var Triangle = require('./Triangle');

//  Builds a right triangle, with one 90 degree angle and two acute angles
//  The x/y is the coordinate of the 90 degree angle (and will map to x1/y1 in the resulting Triangle)
//  w/h can be positive or negative and represent the length of each side

/**
 * Builds a right triangle, i.e. one which has a 90-degree angle and two acute angles.
 *
 * @function Phaser.Geom.Triangle.BuildRight
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param {number} x - The X coordinate of the right angle, which will also be the first X coordinate of the constructed Triangle.
 * @param {number} y - The Y coordinate of the right angle, which will also be the first Y coordinate of the constructed Triangle.
 * @param {number} width - The length of the side which is to the left or to the right of the right angle.
 * @param {number} height - The length of the side which is above or below the right angle.
 *
 * @return {Phaser.Geom.Triangle} The constructed right Triangle.
 */
var BuildRight = function (x, y, width, height)
{
    if (height === undefined) { height = width; }

    //  90 degree angle
    var x1 = x;
    var y1 = y;

    var x2 = x;
    var y2 = y - height;

    var x3 = x + width;
    var y3 = y;

    return new Triangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
};

module.exports = BuildRight;


Here at The Monterey Company, we have been designing custom firefighter coins for nearly thirty years. We provide our customers with the highest quality product and experience at great prices.
Our expertise in the coin making business truly sets us apart. Not only do we use the best techniques and materials, but we offer the best customer service. With a talented design staff at the ready, we can help you quickly design your firefighter coin free of charge in a matter of days, providing a digital proof and unlimited revisions. We are dedicated to producing the finest quality work for our customers - which means we will do whatever it takes to get you the custom coin you are looking for.
We have been creating custom coins for firefighters, law enforcement, and military for over 30 years, and we love working with our customers to create long-lasting memorabilia that serves to honor and commemorate the selfless commitment of our community heroes. Get a free quote today!
Quality Product and Amazing Service!
Because we are leaders in the coin making industry, we have the ability to offer nearly unlimited customization - you choose the materials, size, shape, colors, engraving, finish, plating - you name it, we can do it. As business owners, we know how valuable your time is, and understand that the process of designing a coin can appear daunting when there are so many possibilities - which is why we provide start to finish customer service to guide you painlessly through the process. With us, creating your firefighter coins is a fun and easy experience.
There are a couple of things to consider as you get started that will help the design process go quickly and smoothly! First, be sure you consider the use of your firefighter coins. Your design decisions should be made with this audience in mind. Next, consider the number of coins you will need. Depending on the audience and quantity, we can help you make the most economical choices that will give you the perfect finished product. Once these things have been considered, you can begin deciding on materials, shapes, sizes and more!
We work most often with bronze and brass as they great for showcasing intricate details and 2-dimensional designs. We also use casting to create 3-dimensional designs that are very cost effective and lightweight.
Our custom firefighter coins can be plated in gold, silver, bronze, or true black using soft and hard enamel. Depending on your design, your coin may call for either a bold shiny finish or a timeless antique finish. Both of these finishes adds a dramatic effect to your coin. We most often use copper, bronze, and silver for a classic vintage feel. For shiny finishes, we can use anything from gold to true black varieties to plate your coin, adding a brilliance that only we at The Monterey Company can achieve.
Our options include coloring options. Enamel is used to add color to your firefighter coins, creating vibrant and lively designs that stand out. We use three different enamels to add color to coins - soft enamel, hard enamel, and cloisonne - depending on your desired design we can help you choose the proper enamel. Soft enamel is great for adding unlimited color into almost any design. We often use soft enamel to fill in the recessed ridges of your design to give it a raised appearance. Hard enamel what we use to add the highest quality color to your coin design, as we can add color directly to your logo. Hard enamel creates a much more durable product.
Firefighter coins with epoxy finishes appear to have a glass-like coating that creates a strong protective layer to help preserve your coin. Epoxy finishes help prevent scratches or fading of your coin over time and can be added to any soft enamel coin.
As leading fire department coin maker, with over 30 years of experience, we can offer endless opportunity for coin size and shape. Our most popular designs are of the round and variety, from 1.5 to 2 inches. Another popular option is to have your firefighter coins follow the outline of your design, for a custom shaped edge. If you are looking for inspiration, be sure and check out our Custom Coin Gallery to see some of the creative designs we have made in the past. Once you have an idea of the direction you want to go, one of our artists can work with you to get a design proof sent your way within a matter of days!
Adding texture to coins is one of the best ways to add dimension and detail to custom designs. We offer a variety of textures that can be used to achieve amazing images that make a statement. Especially for coins of the 2-dimensional variety, texturing is a cost-effective way to add a unique charm to your design. Creating contrast is one of the key factors in coin design, and texture is one of the best ways to do just that - the texture is what brings your design to life!
For a more economical option, 2-dimensional coins are created with two layers work perfectly for designs that feature silhouettes and text. They are thinner and lighter and can be paired together with enameling and texturing to create a dynamic design with a beautiful finish. Our 3-dimensional firefighter coins are best used to depict more detail for designs that include nature or people - as they can achieve a sculpted look that can't be matched by a 2-dimensional coin. Depending on your design you will want to decide between these two varieties, and our expert staff can help you find the perfect balance so that you don't have to sacrifice quality.
Engraved Coins: For those of you who want to track your firefighter coins using numbers, engraving is a great option. Engraving can also be used to add fine detail to designs that need some extra flair, but don't necessarily want to use a die-striking technique. We also offer rim marking - or engraving the edges of your firefighter coin.
Coins with Cut Edges: For an extra special touch, you can even customize the texture of the edges of your coin. We can create diamond cuts, wave cuts, and rope edges.


We bought a 2004 Sun Vally 16 foot camper.
Where can we find info on how to use the awning. This is our first camper so don't want to ruin anything.
ANSWER: Greetings Pat thanks for submitting your question on our Ask An RV Question Page.
Well as they say a picture is worth a 1000 words so I guess a video is worth 5000 words. Take a look at the video below to see how to operate an RV Awning .
The video also demonstrates that even RV Experts sometimes have problems operating RV Awnings.
I'm pretty sure the original question was referring to a Coleman Sun Valley pop up camper, not a typical travel trailer. The bag awnings on pop ups are very confusing at first and when I first got my pop up, I couldn't find any instructions online either. I just had to trial and error it. Im still not aware of any instructions, however pop up bag awnings vary greatly by year and manufacturer. As a result, it would take several videos or sets of instructions just for the common ones.


SUMMARY: Tika finds a rawhide that Boost buried. Buries it somewhere else, then licks the dirt off her nose. Tasteee!
Hey, that's a gorgeous shot of Tika. Well except for the muddy tongue part.
Thanks. She's very hard to get a shot of when she's not panting. She's ALWAYS panting.


text:
Hosted ByBrian Meloche & Kyle McAdams & Laurence Todd
The Walking Dead Talk Through is an episode by episode discussion about all of the TV shows and movies within The Walking Dead Universe, based on the hit shows by AMC. In each episode, we talk about the character arcs and their interactions with other characters, the plot, and action of the episode, and make predictions on what will happen. Our listeners are very important to us, and your feedback is an essential part of this podcast. Hosts Brian Meloche, Kyle McAdams, and Laurence Todd want to thank you for listening!
FTWDTT 085 – Six Hours (S7E2)
2021-10-29 Kyle McAdams 02:33:56 1 Comment
FTWDTT 085 - Six Hours (S7E2)
Download file | Play in new window | Duration: 02:33:56 | Recorded on 2021-10-27 | Speakers: Brian Meloche, Kyle McAdams, Laurence Todd
Talking Through Six Hours
For this episode 85 of Fear the Walking Dead Talk Through, Kyle, Brian, and LT talk through Season 7 Episode 2 of Fear the Walking Dead, titled Six Hours, which was written by co-showrunners Ian Goldberg & Andrew Chambliss and directed by co-executive producer Michael E. Satrazemis. We also discuss The World Beyond Season 2 Episode 4, Family is a Four Letter Word.
Morgan, Grace and Mo venture out into the Wasteland… in a Pinto.
This episode was probably one of Karen David's best performances on the show. With the reality of their situation to a comeback from the mental anguish that this nuclear wasteland and Mo's survival. While Kyle didn't like this episode, for other reasons, it does have to state that Karen David carried this episode like a boss. We did get to meet some new people who had baby issues and some great walker effects but there were some complete stretches of the imagination with some of the scenes with this episode. I mean a diesel-powered Pinto? Come on.
There still wasn't any Alicia in this episode since it was a Morgan, Grace, and Mo-centered affair but we got a little more on Padre and that it's a location, but of what.. we will have to wait and see.
We did discuss World Beyond and again, we need this to pay off or otherwise what was the point. Kid show status is still in effect and so we hope, with what episodes they have left that we get some answers.
So enjoy as we discuss the Supernova Pinto of Season 7 Episode 2 of Fear The Walking Dead.
00:00:55 Before Episode Discussion
00:22:33 Episode Discussion
00:26:23 Awesome Sauce
00:41:52 Weak Sauce
00:56:29 What Sauce
01:18:13 Sad Sauce
01:21:06 Feedback
02:00:35 World Beyond Feedback
02:22:42 News, Ratings and Info
02:26:06 Interact/Support to End
Ratings were down for Fear and so was World Beyond!!!
Ratings for S7E2 Six Hours are down! Six Hours got a 0.22 in the 18-49 demographic, with 955 million viewers, down from the Season 7 Premiere S7E1 The Beacon, which got a 0.26 in the 18-49 demographic and 1.087 million viewers. Talking Dead was not on and will most likely not be back until the finale. World Beyond S2E4 Family Is a Four Letter Word got a 0.14 with 688,000 thousand viewers down from S2E3 with 0.16 and 669,000 viewers.
Send in your feedback!
That's it for Six Hours. For our next episode, we'll be covering Fear the Walking Dead S7E3 titled Cindy Hawkins and The Walking Dead World Beyond S2E5, titled Quatervois. We'd love it if you sent in your feedback. One of the best ways to submit feedback is on our Facebook group at https://facebook.com/groups/WalkingDeadTTM/. You can also send us an email to walkingdead@talkthroughmedia.com or call our new voicemail at 216-232-6146. The deadline for feedback will be 7 PM Eastern / 6 PM Central the Tuesday after the episode airs.
Sign up to our Patreon!
Sign up to our Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/WalkingDeadTalkThrough.
We want to start offering Patrons a real reason to stay on our Patreon and to get more people to become Patrons. As such, we are going to start experimenting with bringing you some new content that will really make it worth your while to be subscribed.
We are going to try offering Patrons early access to our regular episodes. These versions of the episodes will be less polished than the final version of the podcast, will largely be uncensored, may contain things we fix up in the final version (like when we speak over each other, awkward silences, etc.), content that we remove from the final version and may not have all of the sound effects mixed in properly (and in the case of this episode, doesn't have the beginning and ending music mixed in at all).
To do this, we edited a different version of the podcast where we're all on one single track, and only edited major things. Aside from that, the process is similar to how we've been doing it. We think, at least from an editing perspective, this was a major success. In fact, this process may influence how we edit the main version of the podcast going forward.
If you are not a Patreon Member of The Walking Dead Talk Through, what are you waiting for? Join Today, get the episode before anyone else and show your support for our show.
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Please remember to subscribe to us on Apple Podcasts or whatever is your podcast client of choice. Subscribing to us helps us move up in the rankings, so it'll help us out tremendously! You can add our RSS feed directly: It's https://talkthroughmedia.com/feed/podcast/walkingdeadtalkthrough/ You'll also get new episodes when released. And while you're in there, leave us a rating or review! It only takes a few minutes and it also helps us out! And join our Facebook group! Follow us on Twitter at https://twitter.com/WalkingDeadTTM! And like the network's Facebook page at https://facebook.com/TalkThroughMedia/
Listen to the episode on YouTube!
Andrew Chambliss Athena Baby Bea Beta Burns Body Shop Bounty Hunter Demetrius Grosse Derek Richardson Emma Episode 2 fear Fear The Walking Dead Fred FTWD FTWDTT FTWDTT 85 grace Howard Ian Goldberg Josiah LaRoux Karen David Lennie James Maren Lord Michael Satrazemis Mo Morgan Jones Nuclear Warheads Omid Abtahi Padre Pinto Radioactive Zombies Rangers S7E2 Season 7 Season 7 Episode 2 Six Hours Submarine Supernova Car talk talk through Tower Wasteland Zombie Apocalypse zombie baby
1 comment on "FTWDTT 085 – Six Hours (S7E2)"
"it does have to state that Karen David carried this episode like a boss." – best part of what little I watched; I don't care about Morgan as you know so I skipped most of this episode but I saw of Karen's stuff was good and more of what I'd love to see instead of Jones!
Again it's Alicia to kill Strand or no one!
I'm glad you enjoyed the episode Brian, but I'm with Kyle and LT – I was ready to hard pass on it. Different strokes for different folks. 🙂
Grace was the best part of what I watched for sure but I hated at the end she caved essentially and has seemingly forgot everything she said up until that point just because she bonded a bit with Mo and found food under the sub, which of course they did because God forbid Morgan Jones has to work for anything on this series. It would have been way more dramatic if she went off and died at the end of this or even took her own life because as she said this is not a place she wants to be; it was this dramatic build up for nothing in the end.
I constantly have Madison withdrawals Kyle! I miss her so much! And I TOTALLY agree – give me more Alicia for sure and her leading this series instead as she should have posted Madison anyways!
I'm thinking LT is going to be right and it will be Padre Island.
Sad rumor is Alicia isn't going to show up until into the second half of the season; I'm telling you, I think Alycia is done with the series. Losing Kim was a big thing to she and Coleman and then you have her separate from others for extended periods of time and she only gets maybe 10 minutes of screen time a season now when she knows she's an original lead character and FEAR was based on the Clarks' journey to survive and she's the last Clark – I get her being mad! We may be surprised, but I feel Alycia Debnam-Carey is al but contractually checked out on the series and if she goes I can kind of see Coleman not being far behind because while he gets more screen time than her he would lose another friend he's use to working with and it just wouldn't be as worth it anymore potentially; and when you make thousands of dollars like actors do it's not always about the money…heck even people who don't make that quit projects because something matters more to them than money at that point. If they want her to stay they're going to have to start treating her like the lead she was and was growing to be in season 3 and early season four before Morgan came and destroyed everything.
"I think he's starting to get up off his ideals" – can Morgan get up off the screen time count also Brian? Ha.
What do you mean you can't go outside Kyle, they go outside all the time – again what is logic? Ha.
Wait…what…Brian isn't from here? Where's your origin sir?!
Hot? We're going to have nuclear winter next season come on.
There's probably maps on the sub they could look at also to see Padre Island. I'm with Kyle, forget having knowledge of subs period – you're trying to survive so why wouldn't you turn that place upside down looking for supplies of all kinds?
I agree Renee, we don't need the bounty hunter plot back.
Lol to diesel Rabbit…it's just funny to hear you all say those two words combined. 🙂
LOL to LT's "but that's just me!" regarding the relative's head in a box. 🙂
Re: feedback – it's fine Brian. 🙂
You're slowly breaking Brian down LT. Ha!
"All My Zombies"; if your going to invoke Lucci LT you go all the way! 😉


text:
Geografia
 Amo – città della Contea di Hendricks, Indiana

Sigle
 AMO (Area monetaria ottimale) – area comprendente paesi per i quali è vantaggioso creare un'area di cambi fissi o un'unione monetaria
 AMO, cioè Arena MuseOpera, museo sull'opera lirica situato a Palazzo Forti, nella città di Verona.
 Altlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

Codici
 AMO – codice aeroportuale IATA dell'aeroporto civile di Mao (Ciad)
 amo – codice ISO 639-3 della lingua amo

Geologia
 AMO – sintema stratigrafico della Toscana

Musica
 Amo - Capitolo I – album di Renato Zero del 2013
 Amo - Capitolo II – album di Renato Zero del 2013
 Amo - Capitolo III – album di Renato Zero del 2013
 Amo in Tour – tournée di Renato Zero del 2013 e del 2014
 Amo – album di Miguel Bosé del 2015
 Amo – album dei Bring Me the Horizon del 2019

Persone
 Anton Wilhelm Amo – filosofo ghanese naturalizzato tedesco
 Pablo Amo – ex calciatore spagnolo

Altro
 Amo – uncino utilizzato nella pesca

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia