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Product copy for website. Develop and establish company personality.
Create brand identity and write product copy, drawing on insights from owner and senior designer Bob P. (a.k.a. "Toxic Bob").
Challenge Assimilate the personality of this start-up to develop a voice that resonates with the target audience, Millennials. Write effective sales/positioning copy, meet quick-turnaround deadlines.
Solution Product description copy, About copy, tag line, and other collateral writing in the style of today's youth: Direct and to-the-point, slightly quirky and irreverent without being disrespectful.
What's special First-draft copy that's essentially final draft; typically there is very little revision. Toxic Teddy is fun to write for!


Ilie - Meaning Of Ilie, What Does Ilie Mean?
The name Ilie is of Slavic and Romanian origin.
The meaning of Ilie is "the lord is my G-d".
Ilie is generally used as a boy's name.
It consists of 4 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced I-lie.
Ilie is a form of Elias. See Elias for further details.
Ilie appeals to parents who seek a name with genuine depth.
Wrap it up and take it home, Ilie may just be the name you're looking for.
Some famous bearers of this name include: Ilie Nastase.
View the Ilie Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Ilie has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Ilie to other names.
Ilie is a form of Elias.
The name Ilinca is a form of Ilie.
Destiny Number, Life Path Number, Soul Urge and Personality Number. These Numerological numbers may tell your child's story. Take a look at the Numerology Of Ilie.
Would you like to fingerspell the name Ilie in American Sign Language?
Be creative with the name Ilie.
Just for fun, see the name Ilie in Hieroglyphics, learn about ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and write a Hieroglyphic message.
Learn about nautical flags and see your name or message written in nautical flags, on the Ilie in Nautical Flags page.


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Czechoslovakian Wolfdog (Czechoslovakian Vlcak): Info, Pictures, Characteristics & Facts
By Nicole Cosgrove
Height: 22-26 inches
Weight: 44-54 pounds
Colors: Silver, yellow, gray
Suitable for: Active owners with previous experience of owning a wolf-like breed
Temperament: Active, Lively, Courageous, Quick
The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is often described as being as close to a wolf as you can get in a family pet. He looks identical to his wild parent, is known for being very stubborn and difficult to train, but can make an excellent family animal. The Wolfdog was initially bred by combining wolf with the German Shepherd. He should only be considered by experienced owners and handlers, ideally those with experience owning a wolf-like dog.
The Wolfdog will enjoy having a large outdoor space, and they have been bred to cope with cold and harsh conditions. He can be quite docile at home, which means that the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog will actually adapt quite well to apartment living. However, this breed can be aggressive, and this means that you must train and socialize them from an early age, and continue with this regime throughout their lives. They will also benefit from regular agility and other exercise classes that stimulate their brain and body.
Czechoslovakian Wolfdog Puppies – Before You Welcome One Into Your Family…
Image credit: Roentgenfee, Pixabay
Trainability
Sociability
3 Little-Known Facts About Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
1. Their existence is the result of an experiment.
In the 1950s, an experiment was undertaken to see if the wolf could be bred with a domesticated dog. The German Shepherd was chosen as the domesticated dog breed and was bred with a Carpathian Wolf. Experiments continued for ten years and in 1965, plans were drawn up to further develop the resulting breed. The breed itself wasn't recognized in Czechoslovakia until 1982, while the United Kennel Club first recognized the breed only in 2006.
2. They do not bark.
The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is halfway between a domestic dog and a wild wolf, and it retains a lot of characteristics that are prominent in wolves but not seen in dogs. For example, they typically only come into heat once a year, and puppies are only usually born in winter. Also, the Wolfdog does not bark. It does make wolflike sounds, for example howling and baying, but for this breed to bark, it must be trained to do so. Because the bark is not a natural sound for the breed, it can be very difficult for the dog to be taught, usually having to learn the skill from another domestic dog.
3. The Wolfdog is very difficult to train.
There are several reasons why this breed is not considered suitable for first-time owners. It can be aggressive, will not usually mix well with other animals, and although it is trainable in the right hands, the breed is widely considered to be extremely challenging to train.
Remember that the Wolfdog is essentially a half-wild animal, which means that it is like trying to train a wolf. It is highly independent, so it must see the benefit of performing a given task or command, otherwise, it is unlikely to do so. It also bores very easily, so training must be kept short and it should be as much fun as possible for the dog. Despite the difficulty posed by the breed, new owners must start to train the dog as early as possible.
They can become well-adjusted and loyal family members, but they need to learn boundaries and they need to be taught good behavior. They should also be subjected to early and ongoing socialization to prevent any aggression towards strangers and other dogs.
Image Credit: Best dog photo, Shutterstock
Temperament & Intelligence of the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog 🧠
Early breeding efforts of the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog were centered around trying to breed the most favorable characteristics of its parent breeds, but it still retains a lot of wild habits of its early ancestors. So, you should expect it to act wilder than any other domesticated dog. The Wolfdog can be extremely loyal to its human, and it can adapt well into the family. The breed is especially well suited to life outdoors but can adapt well to apartment living, as long as you are willing to give them regular exercise.
Are These Dogs Good for Families? 🏡
The Wolfdog can make an excellent family pet. He will usually form a strong bond with his family members, although you should always take care when homing this breed with children. Also bear in mind that he does still have wild wolf DNA coursing through his veins, which means that he can be very suspicious of strangers. If he perceives a threat, he may become aggressive, and he may see a threat if your child is playing with a friend. This type of breed is usually better suited to life with one person or a couple.
Does This Breed Get Along with Other Pets? 🐶 😽
The Wolfdog can be introduced to other dogs, although this should be done slowly and cautiously, ideally when he is still a young puppy. If he has a wild side, your Wolfdog is likely to chase any other type of animal, and it is not recommended that you keep this breed with cats or smaller pets.
A post shared by Exotic Wolf kennel (@exoticwolfkennel)
Things to Know When Owning a Czechoslovakian Wolfdog:
The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is a skilled hunting dog and working dog. He is still used for border patrol and other, similar tasks. He can also be a loving and loyal family member, but this breed is definitely not suitable for all potential owners. You need to be realistic and ask yourself whether he is suitable for your lifestyle. Take the following factors into account when deciding whether this is the right breed for your home.
Food & Diet Requirements 🦴
Active and lively, the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog has a good appetite and will eat between 3-4 cups of food a day. If he is active, expect to feed at the upper end of this scale. Wolves eat meat, and your Wolfdog will benefit from a diet that is rich in meat-based protein, although he is an omnivore so he can and will eat plants and vegetables, too. Measure your dog's food and feed over two or three meals a day to prevent him from putting too much weight on.
Exercise 🐕
The Wolfdog is not actually as demanding of exercise as some other breeds, but he does need to get out and stretch his legs. Expect to walk 2-3 miles every day, and if you can provide him with the opportunity to get off-leash and prowl, he will appreciate it. His strength and agility make the Wolfdog suitable for activities ranging from sled pulling to hunting, and these can help keep him agile and alert.
Image Credit: Eric Isselee, Shutterstock
Training 🦮
One of the most challenging aspects of owning this breed is training him properly, but it is also one of the most important aspects. Living with an untrained Wolfdog is effectively like living with a wild wolf. He needs to have boundaries, he needs to know that you're in charge, but you should not train aggressively or unfairly. Be consistent, get professional help if required, and do not consider this breed for your first dog.
Grooming ✂
Regular bathing should not be necessary because the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is naturally odorless. He does require brushing, usually once a week, and he can shed heavily at certain times of the year. Starting from a puppy, you should clean his teeth three times a week, while checking that his nails do not grow too long.
Health Conditions ❤
Generally a hardy and healthy animal, the Wolfdog is prone to some genetic conditions, including those that he picks up from his German Shepherd ancestry. Look for symptoms of the following and get veterinarian checks if your dog shows any signs.
Dietary issues
Serious Conditions
Elbow dysplasia
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Lens luxation
Male vs Female
Males will usually grow a little larger than females. Some owners also believe that the male tends to be more aggressive, but that they are more likely to form a strong bond with their family. Training, socialization, and individual traits are usually more important, in determining characteristics, however.
The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is the closest domesticated animal to a wild wolf. They look almost exactly like the Carpathian Wolf that they were bred from, but the German Shepherd has helped to domesticate them, at least to some extent. The breed is illegal in some states and can show signs of aggression, usually towards strangers, and if they sense any form of danger. They do form a close bond with their family, however, and if you have experience in training this kind of breed, they can become excellent hunting or working dogs.
Featured Image Credit: Jana Mackova, Shutterstock
Nicole Cosgrove
Nicole is the proud mom of Rosa, a New Zealand Huntaway, and Baby, a Burmese cat. Originally from Canada, Nicole now lives on a lush forest property with her Kiwi husband in New Zealand. Nicole has a strong love for all animals and has experience caring for all types of dogs, from Yorkies to Great Danes. Nicole even worked as a dog sitter during her travels through South America and cared for stray pups — something she holds close to her heart. With a degree in Education and a love for writing, Nicole aims to share her and others' expert knowledge with pet lovers worldwide with Hepper....Read more
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text:
\section{Introduction}

$\,$ \quad
The effective approach to QFT implies the
low-energy phenomena being described independently on the
(sometimes unknown) fundamental physics. A famous example
is the low-energy QCD, where the Chiral Perturbation Theory
helps to achieve results fitting both lattice simulations
and experiment, in a situation when usual perturbative methods
are not applicable. There are many good reviews on the
effective approach, see e.g. \cite{manohar} and references
therein.

Sometimes, the effective approach enables one to
reduce the requirements to a theory, e.g. extract relevant
low-energy information even from the non-renormalizable
theories, where the high-energy UV limit is problematic.
It might happen that this kind of considerations is applicable
even to quantum gravity, e.g. one can extract from this theory
the long-distance quantum correction to the Newton potential
\cite{don}. The theoretical relevance of this result can not
be questioned (even in spite of the extreme smallness
of the effect), because it helps in better understanding of
the consistency conditions for the effective approach,
e.g. the importance of the full set of Feynman diagrams
\cite{anhesh,don2}. However, despite the theoretical
investigation of Quantum Gravity is really fascinating, we
can not be sure that they have something to do with Nature.
It might happen that
the gravitational field should not be quantized at all,
representing just a classical background for the quantized
matter fields and particles.

In the present review we shall concentrate on the effective
approach to QFT in curved space. This is
perhaps the most natural way of investigating quantum and
gravitational phenomena together \cite{birdav,book}. The enormous
success of QFT in describing the theories like QED
or Standard Model prove the validity of QFT methods.
On the other hand, since there are many indications that
our space-time is curved, the QFT in a curved space is, let
us say, a correct theory applied in a correct place. Our
main point is that, using the
effective approach and extracting relevant information
at different energy scales, one has a chance to learn a natural
description for many interesting phenomena, such as inflation
or scale (or time) dependence of the vacuum energy.
Moreover, while making quantitative predictions is
sometimes difficult yet, one can exclude some  definite
options for the space-time using effective approach.

The important aspect of effective approach is the notion of
decoupling. At classical level decoupling means that a
heavy field doesn't propagate at low energies. This can be
easily seen observing the propagator of a massive
particle at low energy
\beq
\frac{1}{k^2+M^2}\,\approx\,
\frac{1}{M^2}
\,+\,{\cal O}\left( \frac{k^2}{M^4} \right)\,,
\qquad k^2 \ll M^2\,.
\label{propagator}
\eeq
For example, if we take a gravity theory with higher derivatives,
the typical value of $M$ would be $M_P$. Already for $|k|=1\,TeV$
the ratio $k^2/M^2 \propto 10^{-32}$. It is clear that only
massless mode of gravity is relevant even for the early Universe
or other potentially observable phenomena. The important
exception is inflation, which will be discussed below.

The decoupling theorem explains how
the suppression of the effects of heavy particles occurs at
quantum level. Consider the QED example in flat space.
The 1-loop vacuum polarization is
\beq
-\frac{e^2\,\th_{\mu\nu}}{2\pi^2}\,\int_0^1 dx \, x(1-x)
\,
\ln \frac{m_e^2+p^2x(1-x)}{4\pi \mu^2},
\eeq
where
$\,\th_{\mu\nu}=(p_{\mu}p_{\nu}-p^2g_{\mu\nu})$ and
$\mu$ is the parameter of dimensional regularization. The minimal
subtraction scheme of renormalization results in the $\mu$-dependence
for the relevant observables. For instance, the
$\be$-function $\beta^{\overline{\rm MS}}$ results after acting
$\,\,\frac{e}{2}\mu \frac{d}{d\mu}\,\,$ on the formfactor of
$\,\th_{\mu\nu}$
\beq
\beta_e^{\overline{\rm MS}}\,\,=\,\,\frac{e^3}{12\pi^2}.
\eeq
This $\be$-function can not tell us about the decoupling and
possesses an artificial universality, because the
${\overline {\rm MS}}$ scheme is efficient only in the UV limit.
In order to define physical $\be$-function, let us apply the
mass-dependent renormalization scheme. Subtracting the divergence
at $\,p^2=M^2\,$ and taking derivative
$\,\frac{e}{2}M \frac{d}{dM}\,$ we arrive at
$$
\beta_e\,=\,\frac{e^3}{2\pi^2}\int_0^1
\, dx\, x(1-x)\,\frac{M^2x(1-x)}{m_e^2+M^2x(1-x)}.
$$
The UV limit ($M \gg m_e$) gives
$\quad \beta_e = \beta_e^{\overline{\rm MS}}$ and in the
the IR limit ($M \ll m_e$) we meet a quadratic decoupling
(Appelquist \& Carazzone theorem \cite{AC})
\beq
\beta_e \, = \, \frac{e^3}{60\pi^2}\,\cdot\,
\frac{M^2}{m_e^2}
\,\,+\,\,{\cal O}\left(\frac{M^4}{m^4}\right)\,.
\label{QED}
\eeq
Compared to $\,\be_e^{UV}=\be_e^{\overline{\rm MS}}$,
in the IR there is a suppression of the quantum contribution.

\section{Decoupling and cosmological constant}

$\,$\quad
Quantitative investigation of decoupling for quantum
matter on curved background started recently \cite{apco}.
Why this is  interesting and important? The most explicit
example is the decoupling of the quantum contributions to
the CC (vacuum energy) \cite{CCfit}.
Let us assume that the Appelquist \& Carazzone-like quadratic
decoupling holds for a CC and consider
the consequences for the present-day Universe.
One has to associate the scale \ $\mu \equiv H$
with the Hubble parameter \cite{nova}. Let us notice that
this identification of the scale has serious advantages
over other possible choices \cite{CC,reuter}.

Remember that, in the ${\overline{\rm MS}}$ scheme,
$\be_\La \sim m^4$, $m$  being mass of a quantum matter
field \cite{book}. Then the quadratically suppressed
expression is \cite{CCfit}
\beq
H\,\frac{d\Lambda}{dH}\,=\,
\beta_{\Lambda}\,=\,
\sum\limits_i\,c_i\,\frac{H^2}{m_i^2}\,\times m_i^4
\,=\,\frac{\si}{(4\pi)^2}\,M^2\,H^2\,,
\label{IR CC}
\eeq
where $M\,$ is an unknown mass parameter and $\,\si=\pm 1\,$.
The expression $\,\si M^2\,$ is the algebraic
sum of the contributions of all virtual fields, the ones
of the heaviest particles being the most relevant. The sign
$\,\si\,$ depends on whether fermions or bosons dominate
in the particle spectrum.

Let us assume, for a moment, that $\,M^2=M_P^2$. Then
we find
\beq
|\beta_{\Lambda}|\sim 10^{-47}\,GeV^4\,,
\label{47}
\eeq
that is close to the existing supernovae and CMB data
for the vacuum energy density. Therefore, the renormalization
group may, in principle, explain the variation of the
vacuum energy with the change of the scale (which, in
presence of matter, means also variation of time) without
introducing special entities like quintessence.

It is clear that the renormalization group can not solve
the famous CC problem \cite{weinberg89},
neither the coincidence problem. The fine-tuning of the
vacuum CC is performed at the instant
when we define the initial point $\La_0$ of the
renormalization group
flow for $\La$ \cite{nova}. However, the running
of the CC may perform in the range comparable to the
observed CC, making the coincidence problem less severe.

The example of a cosmological model with running CC has
been developed
in \cite{CCfit}. Along with the renormalization group
equation (\ref{IR CC}), there is also Friedmann equation
(for simplicity we consider $k=0$ here)
\beq
H^{2}=\frac{8\pi G }{3}\left( \rho +\Lambda\right)\,,
\label{Friedmann}
\eeq
and the conservation law. The last can be chosen in many
possible ways. The choice
\beq
\frac{d\La}{dt}\,+\,\frac{d\rho}{dt}
\,+\,3H\,(\rho+P)\,=\,0
\label{conservation}
\eeq
means we admit the energy exchange between the vacuum and
matter sectors (see also \cite{waga}, where similar
cosmological model with $\La_0=0$ have been developed
earlier). The solution of the equations (\ref{IR CC}),
(\ref{Friedmann}), (\ref{conservation}) is analytical
for any equation of state $P=\al \rho$.
In terms of the red-shift parameter $\,z=a_0/a-1$ this
solution has the form
\beq
\rho(z;\nu) \,=\,\rho_0\,(1+z)^{3(1-\nu)(\al+1)}
\,,\qquad
\Lambda(z;\nu)\,=\,\Lambda_0
\,+\,\frac{\nu}{1-\nu}\,\left[\,\rho(z;\nu)-\rho_0\,\right]\,,
\label{1}
\eeq
where
$\,\,\rho_0,\, \Lambda_0\,\,$ are the present day values,
and \ $\nu\,=\,\sigma\,M^2/12\pi M_P^2\,.$
When $\nu\rightarrow 0$
we recover the standard result for $\,\La=const$.

The value of $|\nu|$ has to satisfy the constraint
$|\nu|\ll 1$, for otherwise there is a problem with the
nucleosynthesis \cite{CCfit}.
The ``canonical'' value $\,M^2=M_P^2\,$ gives
\ $|\nu|=\nu_0\,\simeq\, 2.6\times 10^{-2}$,
\ compatible with this constraint.
The next question is whether the permitted values $\nu \ll 1$
may lead to observable consequences. The answer is positive.
For example, the relative deviation
$$
\delta_{\Lambda}(z;\nu)=\frac{
{\Lambda}(z;\nu)-{\Lambda}_0}{{\Lambda}_0}
$$
can be evaluated in the linear in $\nu$ approximation
with respect to the red shift $z_0$ corresponding
to the existing supernovae data \cite{SN}
\beq
\delta_{\Lambda}(z;\nu)=\,\frac{\nu
\,\Omega_M^0}{\Omega_{\Lambda}^0}
\left[(1+z)^3-(1+z_0)^3\right].
\label{3}
\eeq
Taking $z_0\simeq 0.5$ with $\,\Omega_M^0=0.3\,$
and $\Omega_{\Lambda}^0=0.7$,
and $\nu=\nu_0$, we find
\ $\delta_{\Lambda}(z=1.5;\nu_0)\ \approx \ 14\%$, \
that is a potentially measurable effect. It is
remarkable that the cubic relation (\ref{3}) holds also for
another choice of the conservation law \cite{gruni}.

In fact, the QFT methods can teach us more lessons about the
form and origin of quantum corrections to the CC
\cite{Note}. Let us remind that behind the renormalization
group there is a well-defined object called Effective Action
of vacuum (EA)
\beq
e^{i\Ga[g_{\mu\nu}]}\,=\,
\int {\cal D}\Phi\,e^{iS[\Phi\,,\,g_{\mu\nu}]}\,.
\label{4}
\eeq
Typically, $\Ga[g_{\mu\nu}]$ is a complicated non-local
functional of the background metric. The renormalization
group reflects the scaling dependence of EA. When
considering the low-energy cosmological applications, we
safely can
perform the expansion in the Hubble parameter $H$ similar
to the one of (\ref{propagator}). Let us remark that the
masses of all particles are many orders of magnitude smaller
then the present day value $H_0\approx 10^{-42}\,GeV$. E.g.
the neutrino masses are about $10^{-12}\,GeV$ while the
QCD scale $\La_{QCD}\approx 10^{-2}\,GeV$. Hence the $H$
expansion is just a reliable way to parametrize all
non-localities including the ones related to the non-perturbative
QFT effects (non-perturbative in couplings but not in $H$)
\cite{CCfit}.

At present, our ability of deriving an explicit form of EA
for the massive fields is very restricted. But we are certain
it is a covariant functional \cite{book}, and even this
knowledge is sufficient for obtaining an essential piece
of information. Due to covariance,
$\Ga[g_{\mu\nu}]$ must be even in metric derivatives.
In the cosmological setting this means that the
linear in  $\,H\,$ quantum corrections to the CC are
completely ruled out. Of course, the last
statement is valid only for the case when metric is the
unique
background field. If there is an extra light (with the mass
comparable to $H_0$) field \ $\ph$, such as quintessence, then
the EA is $\Ga[g_{\mu\nu},\ph]$ and any kind of a
functional dependence between vacuum energy and $H$ may
take place. However, without quintessence no QFT can
produce \ ${\cal O}(H)$  \ quantum corrections. Let us
stress that this restriction is valid independently on the
nature of quantum corrections (local, non-local, perturbative
or non-perturbative ones).

Without quintessence the quantum corrections start from
$H^2$ and therefore, e.g. the QCD vacuum effects play no role
in cosmology. The relevant quantum effects on the
vacuum energy may come only from the Planck scale physics or,
at least, from the GUT-scale physics.

\section{Higher derivative sector}

In order to derive decoupling theorem for gravity we have
considered massive fields on the classical metric background
\cite{apco}. Unfortunately there is no completely covariant
technique compatible with the mass-dependent renormalization
schemes. Hence we can perform calculations only for the
linearized gravity on the flat background
$\,g_{\mu\nu}=\eta_{\mu\nu} + h_{\mu\nu}$.
The corrections to the graviton propagator come from the
Feynman diagrams at the Figure 1.

\vskip 2mm
\begin{tabular}{c}
\mbox{\hspace{+1.0cm}}
\includegraphics[width=12cm,angle=0]{RG-Figure.eps}
\end{tabular}
\begin{quotation}
{\bf Figure 1.}
{\sl Wavy lines mean $h_{\mu\nu}$ and solid lines quantum
matter field.}
\end{quotation}

The polarization operator must be compared to the
tensor structure of the Lagrangian
\beq
L = - \La
-\frac{1}{16\pi G}\,R + a_1C^2 + a_2E + a_3{\Box}R + a_4 R^2\,,
\label{L}
\eeq
where $C^2=C^2_{\mu\nu\al\be}$ is the square of the Weyl
tensor and $E$ is the integrand of the Gauss-Bonnet
topological invariant $\,E=R^2_{\mu\nu\al\be}-4R^2_{\mu\nu}+R^2$.

An alternative equivalent way of calculation is using the heat
kernel solution in the second order in curvature approximation
\cite{avramidi,bavi90}.

For the formfactors we find, e.g. for the real scalar field
\beq
k_\La \,=\, \frac{3m^4}{8\,(4\pi)^2}\,,
\qquad
k_R \,=\,\frac{m^2}{2\,(4\pi)^2}\,
\left( \xi-\frac16 \right)\,,
\qquad
k_1(a)\, = \,\frac{8A}{15\,a^4}
\,+\,\frac{2}{45\,a^2}\,+\,\frac{1}{150}\,,
\label{form}
\eeq
where
$$
A = 1 + \frac{1}{a}\ln
\left|\frac{2-a}{2+a}\right|
\,,\quad
a^2=\frac{4\Box}{4m^2 -\Box }.
$$
Obviously, constant formfactors mean zero $\be$-functions
for the CC and $G$. At the same time for the coefficient of the
Weyl term we find
\beq
\be_1\,=\, -\,\frac{1}{(4\pi)^2}\, \left(\,
\frac{1}{18a^2}\,-\,\frac{1}{180}\,-\,
\frac{a^2-4}{6a^4}\,A\,\right)\,.
\label{beta 1}
\eeq
Then
\beq
\be_1^{UV}=-\frac{1}{(4\pi)^2}\frac{1}{120}
+ {\cal O}\left(\frac{m^2}{p^2}\right)\,,
\qquad
\mbox{and}
\qquad
\be_1^{IR}\,=\,-\,\frac{1}{1680\,(4\pi)^2}\,\cdot\,
\frac{p^2}{m^2}
\,+\,{\cal O}\left(\frac{p^4}{m^4}\right)\,.
\label{beta 1 IR}
\eeq
The last formula is nothing but the
Appelquist \& Carazzone theorem for  gravity.
Our calculations \cite{apco} have shown it holds
in all higher derivative sector, including the theories
with the Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking \cite{sponta}.

An expansion \ $g_{\mu\nu}=\eta_{\mu\nu}+h_{\mu\nu}$
works well for higher derivative terms, but not
for $\La$ and  $G$. Why did we obtain
$\beta_{\Lambda}=\beta_{1/G}\equiv 0$? In fact, running
means the presence of a $f(\Box)=\ln(\Box/\mu^2)$-like
formfactor. In QED, in the UV limit we meet the term
$$
-\frac{e^2}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}
+ \frac{e^4}{3(4\pi )^2}\,F_{\mu\nu}\,
\ln \left(-\frac{\Box}{\mu^2}\right)\,F^{\mu\nu}\,.
$$
Similarly in gravity it is possible to insert
$$
C_{\mu\nu\al\be}\,f(\Box)\,C^{\mu\nu\al\be}
\quad
\mbox{or}
\quad\quad
R\,f(\Box)\,R
$$
in the higher derivative sector. However, no insertion is
possible for $\La$ and $1/G$, since $\Box\Lambda=0$ and
$\Box R\,$ is a total derivative.

Does it mean that $\,\be_\La$ and $\be_{1/G}\,$ really
equal zero? From my point of view the answer is negative,
for otherwise we meet a
divergence between the mass-dependent renormalization
scheme and $\,{\overline{MS}}$-scheme in the UV where
they are supposed to be the same.
Perhaps calculations on a flat background are not
appropriate for deriving the renormalization group
equations for $\La$ and $1/G$. This hypothesis is quite
natural, especially because flat space is not a classical
solution in the presence of the CC.

\section{Anomaly-induced inflation}

At present, we are not able to derive or disprove the
relation (\ref{IR CC}) and hence the cosmological model
with variable CC described in section 2 is
essentially phenomenological. What we can calculate is
the decoupling in the higher derivative sector. In fact,
this is also very interesting,
creating a solid basis for the anomaly-induced inflation
(modified Starobinsky model) \cite{asta,shocom}.

The most important result is the $\be_3$-function in the
theory with broken supersymmetry. Due to the decoupling of
the heavy sparticles this $\be$-function smoothly changes
its sign from negative in the UV to positive in IR \cite{apco}.
The $\be_3$-function is nothing else but the coefficient $c$
in the expression for the conformal anomaly
\beq
T = <T_\mu^\mu> \,=\, - \,(wC^2 + bE + c\,{\Box} R)\,,
\label{anomaly}
\eeq
where $w,b,c$ depend on the number of fields of different
spins $\,N_0,\,N_{1/2},\,N_1$ in the underlying GUT. The
signs of other two coefficients $w>0$ and $b<0$ are universal
such that only the sign of $c$ alternates.

Taking (\ref{anomaly}) into account we arrive at the equation
for the conformal factor of the metric
\beq
\frac{{\ddot {\ddot a} }}{a}
+\frac{3{\dot a} {\dot {\ddot a}} }{a^2}
+\frac{{\ddot a}^2}{a^2}
-\left( 5+\frac{4b}{c}\right)
\frac{{\ddot a}{\dot a}^2}{a^3}
-\frac{M_{P}^{2}}{8\pi c}
\left( \frac{{\ddot a}}{a}+
\frac{{\ddot a}^2}{a^{2}}
-\frac{2\Lambda }{3}\right)\,=\,0\, ,
\label{equation}
\eeq
The important particular solutions are
\beq
a(t) \,=\, a_0 \,e^{Ht}\,,
\qquad
H^2\,=\, - \frac{M^2_P}{32\pi b} \, \Big(\,1\pm \,
\Big[\,1+\frac{64\pi b\,\Lambda }{3\,M_P^2}
\,\Big]^{1/2}\,\Big)\,.
\label{H}
\eeq
For \ $0<\La \ll M_P^2$ \ there are two solutions:
\beq
H_f\,\approx\,\sqrt{{\Lambda }/{3}}\,,
\qquad \mbox{and}\qquad
H_i\,\approx\, \sqrt{- \frac{M^2_P}{16\pi b}
- \frac{\Lambda }{3}}
\approx \frac{M_P}{\sqrt{- 16\pi b}}\,,
\label{IR-UV}
\eeq
the last one corresponds to the Starobinsky inflation
\cite{star}. The inflationary solution is stable under
perturbations of $\,\si(t)=\ln a(t)\,$ in case the
condition
\beq
c \,\,\sim\,\,
\frac{N_0}{18} + \frac{N_{1/2}}{3} - N_1 > 0
\label{c}
\eeq
is satisfied \cite{star,asta}. If the gauge model includes
many fermions and scalars for a given number of vectors, its
vacuum quantum effects lead to the stable inflation, otherwise
the inflation is unstable and there is a chance of a graceful
exit to the FRW-like evolution. The original Starobinsky model
\cite{star} is based on the unstable case and involves heavy
fine-tunings for the initial data. Our purpose is to avoid
fine-tunings at all, fortunately the effective approch shows
this is possible.

In order to understand how one can consider both stable and
unstable inflations in the very same model, let us assume
that at the UV $\,(H \gg M_F)\,$ there is supersymmetry,
e.g. MSSM with a particle content
$$
N_1=12\,,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
N_{1/2}=32\,,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,
N_0=104\,.
$$
This provides stable inflation, because $c>0$. Similar
situation holds for any realistic SUSY model. The advantage
of stable inflation is that it is independent on the initial
data. But why should inflation end?

Already at the MSM $\,(\,N_{1,\,1/2,\,0}=12,24,4)$ scale
$\,H \sim 10^2\,GeV\,$ the
inflation is unstable, \ $c<0$. One can suggest the
following physical interpretation of this sign difference.
We know that all sparticles are heavy, hence they
decouple, when $\,\,H\,\,$ becomes smaller than their
masses. According to \cite{apco},
the transition from \ $c>0$ \ to \ $c<0$ \ is smooth,
giving a hope for a graceful exit.

The next question is why the magnitude of the Hubble parameter
is becoming
smaller in the course of inflation. An explicit calculation
of the contribution of a particle of mass $m$ in the regime
$H \gg m$ has been performed in \cite{shocom}. Extrapolating
the result until $H \approx m$ we arrive at the curve
$\si(t)$ shown at the Figure 2.
\vskip 2mm

\begin{tabular}{c}
\mbox{\hspace{+3.0cm}}
\includegraphics[width=8cm,angle=0]{S-plot.eps}
\end{tabular}

\begin{quotation}
{\bf Figure 2.} \ {\sl The plot of $\si(t)=\ln a(t)$.
An approximate analytic expression is
$\,\si = H_i\,t\,-\,H^2_i\tilde{f}t^2/4\,$.
The value of $\tilde{f}$ depends on the mass spectrum
of the theory. For MSSM the total amount of $e$-folds
is as large as $10^{32}$,  but only $65$
last ones, where $\,H\propto M_*$ (SUSY decoupling
scale) are relevant.}
\end{quotation}
\vskip 1mm

An additional advantage of the anomaly-induced inflation
becomes clear when investigating
the gravitational waves in this model. It turns out that,
during the last 65 $e$-folds of inflation the production
of these waves is restricted and they almost do not amplify
\cite{wave,asta} (see also \cite{Hawking}).
Again, this nice feature follows without
any artificial restrictions or fine-tuning.

As we can see, the anomaly-induced model represents a
strong candidate to the role of natural inflation scenario,
because it does not require fine-tuning for initial data
and does not need a special entity such as inflaton.
However, small definite information is available
about the most important intermediate stage of inflation.
In order to
obtain this information one needs further development
of QFT in curved space-time, mainly investigating the
vacuum contributions of massive fields on a dynamical
metric background.

\section{Restrictions on Space-Time Geometry
from effective QFT}

Consider how one can impose the restrictions on a Space-Time
Geometry using effective approach to QFT. In fact, we can
impose very rigid constraints on the propagation of a
space-time torsion in the effective framework
\cite{betor,guhesh,torsi}.

The theories of gravity with torsion attracted significant
attention for a long time (see e.g. \cite{hehl,torsi} and
references therein). Torsion $\,T^\alpha_{\;\beta\gamma}\,$
is independent (on metric) characteristic of a space-time
manifold which is defined by the relation
$$
{\Gamma}^\alpha_{\;\beta\gamma} -
{\Gamma}^\alpha_{\;\gamma\beta} =
T^\alpha_{\;\beta\gamma}\,.
$$
It is useful dividing torsion into irreducible components
\beq
T_{\alpha\beta\mu} =
\frac{1}{3} \left( T_{\beta}g_{\alpha\mu} -
T_{\mu}g_{\alpha\beta} \right)
- \frac{1}{6} \varepsilon_{\alpha\beta\mu\nu}
\,S^{\nu} + q_{\alpha\beta\mu}\,.
\label{t1}
\eeq
Interaction to the Dirac fermion has the form (we assume, for
simplicity, the flat metric)
\beq
{\cal L} = i\bar{\psi}\gamma^\mu(\partial_\mu
+i\eta_1\gamma^5S_\mu+i\eta_2T_\mu)\psi+m\bar{\psi}\psi\,,
\label{t2}
\eeq
where $\eta_1,\,\eta_2$ \ are nonminimal parameters.
The minimal case corresponds to $\eta_1 = 1/8,\;\;\eta_2 = 0$,
so the presence of torsion means, at least, that any fermion
is coupled to an axial vector $S_\mu$
\beq
S = i\int d^4 x\,\bar{\psi}\,\ga^\mu
\,\left(\partial_\mu + i\eta_1\ga^5\,S_\mu-im
\right)\,\psi\,.
\label{t3}
\eeq
Let us notice that the interaction with torsion is
nothing else but the known CPT \& Lorentz violating term
\cite{Kost}.
The question is whether we can construct a QFT
for \ $\psi$ and $S_\mu$ which would be
unitary and also renormalizable as an effective QFT.
Let us consider this QFT in two steps.
First, quantizing $\psi$ we meet the two types of divergences
\cite{book,betor}:
\beq
S_{\mu\nu}\,S^{\mu\nu}
\qquad \mbox{and} \qquad
m^2 S_\mu\,S^\mu\,,\qquad \mbox{where} \qquad
S_{\mu\nu}=\pa_\mu S_\nu - \pa_\nu S_\mu\,.
\label{t4}
\eeq
It is well-known that unitarity forbids simultaneous
$S_\mu^\bot$ and $S_\mu^{\|}$ propagation. Therefore,
the unique possibility for a dynamical torsion is
\cite{betor}
\beq
S_{tor} = \int d^4x\,\left\{ - \frac14\,S_{\mu\nu}^2
+ M^2 S_\mu^2\right\}\,.
\label{t5}
\eeq

As a second step we have to investigate whether
the effective quantum theory of fermion coupled to
dynamical torsion is consistent. An extremely involved
calculations yield \cite{guhesh} a longitudinal \
$\left(\pa_\mu S^\mu\right)^2$-type divergence
at the two-loop level.
This means there is a severe conflict between
unitarity and renormalizability in the low-energy
corner of the theory.

One possible solution is to assume \ $\eta^4\,m^2 \ll M^4$.
This means that either $M \gg m$ for all fermions, or that
\ $\eta$ \ is extremely small. In both cases there is no
chance to observe propagating torsion. The lower bound
from LEP is $M/\eta \leq 3\,TeV$ \cite{betor},
that is far beyond the necessary condition presented
above. Finally, torsion can be a composite field (e.g. it can
be a vacuum condensate) but it can not be an independent
and experimentally observable propagating field.

\section{Conclusions}

\qquad
The effective approach to QFT
in curved space-time may tell us a lot about
gravitational physics, especially in cosmology.
Perhaps the most interesting problem is evaluation
of vacuum effective action for massive quantum
fields. Working in this direction one may prove or disprove
the possibility of a time-dependent cosmological constant.
The same calculation is vital for further theoretical
development of the anomaly-induced inflation model.

Within the existing formalism of QFT in curved space
and known calculational techniques we can learn something
relevant about the possible form of quantum corrections,
e.g. exclude the ${\cal O}(H)$-type corrections to the CC.
If this
kind of dependence will be someday detected, it will be
direct indication to the existence of a qualitatively
new field such as quintessence.

Surprisingly, one can exclude some relevant options (such
as propagating torsion) for the space-time geometry using
QFT methods and effective approach.

\vskip 12mm
\noindent
{\Large\bf Acknowledgements.}
This short review has been based on
the works done in collaboration with M. Asorey, J. Fabris,
E. Gorbar, J. A. Helay$\ddot{\rm e}$l-Neto, J. Sol\`a,
G. de Berredo Peixoto and Ana Pelinson. I am very grateful
to all of them. The work has been partially supported by
CNPq, FAPEMIG and ICTP.

\begin {thebibliography}{99}

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\bibitem{don2}
N.E.J. Bjerrum-Bohr, J.F. Donoghue, B.R. Holstein
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\bibitem{birdav} N.D. Birrell, P.C.W. Davies,
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\bibitem{AC}  T. Appelquist, J. Carazzone,
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\bibitem{apco} E.V. Gorbar, I.L. Shapiro,
JHEP {\bf 02} (2003) 021;
JHEP {\bf 06} (2003) 004.

\bibitem{CCfit}
I.L. Shapiro, J. Sola, C. Espa\~{n}a-Bonet, P. Ruiz-Lapuente,
Phys. Lett. {\bf 574B} (2003) 149; JCAP {\bf 0402} (2004) 006.

\bibitem{nova} I.L. Shapiro, J. Sol\`{a},
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A. Babic, B. Guberina, R. Horvat, H. Stefancic,
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see also
J.M. Overduin, F. I. Cooperstock, Phys. Rev.
\textbf{D58} (1998) 043506, and references therein.

\bibitem{gruni} I.L. Shapiro, J. Sol\`a, H. Stefancic,
{\sl Running G and $\Lambda$ at low energies from physics
at $M_X$: possible cosmological and astrophysical implications},
[hep-ph/0410095].

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S. Weinberg, Rev. Mod. Phys., {\bf 61} (1989) 1.

\bibitem{SN} S. Perlmutter \textit{et al.
(the Supernova Cosmology Project)}, Astrophys. J.
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A.G. Riess \textit{ et al. (the High--z SN Team)},
Astronom. J. \textbf{116} (1998) 1009.

\bibitem{Note} E.V. Gorbar, I.L. Shapiro, unpublished.

\bibitem{avramidi} I. G. Avramidi,
Yad. Fiz. (Sov. Journ. Nucl. Phys.) {\bf 49} (1989) 1185.

\bibitem{bavi90} A.O. Barvinsky, G.A. Vilkovisky,
Nucl. Phys. {\bf 333B} (1990) 471.

\bibitem{sponta} E.V. Gorbar, I.L. Shapiro,
JHEP {\bf 02} (2004) 060.

\bibitem{asta} I.L. Shapiro,
Int. J. Mod. Phys. {\bf 11D} (2002) 1159 [hep-ph/0103128];

A.M. Pelinson, I.L. Shapiro, F.I. Takakura,
Nucl. Phys. {\bf 648B} (2003) 417.

\bibitem{shocom} I.L. Shapiro, J. Sol\`{a},
Phys. Lett. {\bf 530B} (2002) 10.

\bibitem{star} A.A. Starobinski, Phys.Lett. {\bf 91B} (1980) 99.

\bibitem{wave} J.C.Fabris, A.M.Pelinson, I.L.Shapiro,
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Phys.Rev. {\bf 69D} (2004) 105009.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}

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text:
UNI bringing back old school tradition
The University of Northern Iowa is bringing back its annual homecoming parade this year after a seven-year break.The Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier reports the parade will be held on Saturday, Sept. 20, as part of the previous week's homecoming celebration.Assistant Alumni Director for Programming Connie Hansen says 23 student groups have expressed interest in participating.Because full-sized floats are difficult to navigate through the route, participants will be dressing up golf carts to promote their organization or cause.Hansen says there was no single reason that led the university to discontinue the parade after 2007. She says major street construction led to the event's cancellation in 2008, and it hasn't been held since.The theme is "Students by Day, Panthers by Night."
CEDAR FALLS, Iowa —
The University of Northern Iowa is bringing back its annual homecoming parade this year after a seven-year break.
The Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier reports the parade will be held on Saturday, Sept. 20, as part of the previous week's homecoming celebration.
Assistant Alumni Director for Programming Connie Hansen says 23 student groups have expressed interest in participating.
Because full-sized floats are difficult to navigate through the route, participants will be dressing up golf carts to promote their organization or cause.
Hansen says there was no single reason that led the university to discontinue the parade after 2007. She says major street construction led to the event's cancellation in 2008, and it hasn't been held since.
The theme is "Students by Day, Panthers by Night."


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Project Research Results

Final Report

2000 Progress Report

SBIR Phase I

                              | 2001 Progress Report

                              | Final Report

                      2 publications for this project

Related Information

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P3: Student Design Competition

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Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)

Grantee Research Project Results Search

      Sample Conditioning System for Real-Time Mercury Analysis

    EPA Contract Number: 68D01060

    Title: Sample Conditioning System for Real-Time Mercury Analysis

    Investigators:
     Sjostrom, Sharon M.

        Current Investigators:

             McLaren, Scott

      Small Business:

      Apogee Scientific Inc.

    	EPA Contact:

           Manager, SBIR Program

        Phase: II

      Project Period:
      September 1, 2001 through
        September 1, 2003

        Project Amount:

          $225,000

      RFA:
      Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) - Phase II (2001)

          Recipients Lists

      Research Category:

          Ecological Indicators/Assessment/Restoration
          ,
          SBIR - Monitoring
          ,
          Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)

Description:

      	Mercury from combustion sources is a major concern to the nation's air
quality. In December 2000, EPA announced that it would regulate mercury
emissions from coal-fired boilers under Title III of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990. EPA plans to issue final regulations by December 2004, and
is expected to require compliance by December 2007. The Department of Energy
estimates that control of mercury emissions from coal-fired utility boilers will
cost billions of dollars annually. Prior to installing a mercury control system,
improved measurements of mercury emissions would allow EPA and the utility to
make better decisions concerning control options. Real-time continuous
monitoring of mercury would provide options for advanced process control
feedback and for monitoring the performance of the control system, thus lowering
the cost of mercury controls.

Although a few mercury analyzers show promise for measuring elemental
mercury, a reliable sampling system that allows these analyzers to measure total
(particulate, vapor-phase) and speciated mercury continuously and in real time
in the flue gas of coal-fired boilers is needed. Apogee is defining a new
state-of-the-art in mercury measurement by developing a novel sample
conditioning system (SCS) for the continuous real-time monitoring of mercury in
flue gas from coal-fired boilers.

The technical objective of the Phase II program is to finalize development of
a field prototype SCS allowing commercially available CVAAS or CVAFS analyzers
or an Apogee-built CVAAS analyzer to measure total mercury and to differentiate
between particulate, elemental, and speciated mercury in coal-combustion flue
gas. Performance of the SCS/analyzer will be evaluated during Phase II using
EPA's Draft PS-12.

Because CVAFS and CVAAS based analyzers detect only elemental mercury, the
proposed SCS will provide three separate sample streams. In the first, flue gas
is extracted and heated to thermally desorb mercury from the fly ash. All
mercury is converted to elemental mercury in a reduction catalyst. In the
vapor-phase sample lines, particulate is removed with an Apogee-built intertial
separation system. In the total vapor-phase sample line, all vapor-phase mercury
is converted to elemental mercury in a reduction catalyst. In the elemental
mercury sample line, the oxidized mercury is removed in a HgCl2 removal module.
In all sample lines, the gas is conditioned to remove interfering gases, dried,
and stabilized prior to transport to an analyzer.

Success during the Phase I program and enthusiastic support from the Electric
Power Research Institute suggest that this technique is technically viable and
preliminary economic studies suggest that it will be cost effective.

Publications and Presentations:

        Publications have been submitted on this project: View all 2 publications for this project

Supplemental Keywords:

      small business, SBIR, monitoring, analytical, mercury, coal-fired utility boilers, air emissions, EPA., RFA, Scientific Discipline, Air, Toxics, Waste, Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, particulate matter, air toxics, mercury transport, HAPS, Monitoring/Modeling, Environmental Monitoring, tropospheric ozone, Incineration/Combustion, Engineering, 33/50, Engineering,  Chemistry,  & Physics, Environmental Engineering, monitoring, particulates, mercury, real time, stratospheric ozone, continuous measurement, coal fired utility boiler , particulate mercury, combustion sources, flue gas monitor, continuous monitoring, emissions, flue gas, analyzer, measurement, mercury & mercury compounds, Mercury Compounds, atmospheric monitoring, continuous emissions monitoring, sample conditioning system (SCS), real time monitoring, coal combustion, measurement methods , combustion flue gases, real-time monitoring

Progress and Final Reports:

                2000 Progress Report

                Final Report

SBIR Phase I:

              Sample Conditioning System for Real-Time Mercury Analysis

               | 2001 Progress Report

               | Final Report

Top of Page

 The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA.  Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.

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Last updated on Thursday, January 26, 2017


text:
Metal Sucks Lord Dying Have "An Open Sore" Horrible Band Ruins the Very Concept of Breakfast
Lord Dying Have "An Open Sore"
December 16th, 2014 at 4:00pm
The first single from Lord Dying's new album, Poisoned Altars, was called "A Wound Outside of Time;" the second, newly-released single is called "An Open Sore." Starting to notice a theme here? I have little doubt that the band's next singles will be called "Picking at a Scab on My Arm" and "It's Rude to Stare at My Lesions," followed by a video for the sure-to-be-a-smash hit, "Hemorrhoids."
I'm kidding, of course. There are no other references to wounds, sore, scabs, lesions, or anything of that nature in the song titles on Poisoned Altars. There is, however, a song called "Suckling at the Teat of a Shebeast," so that's pretty rad.
Stream "An Open Sore" below, courtesy of Revolver. It features guest vocals by Aaron Beam from Red Fang! Poisoned Altars comes out January 27 on Relapse.
Tags: Aaron Beam, Lord Dying, Red Fang
The Best Metal Albums of 2014, As Chosen by Metal Musicians Themselves — Part VIII
Punishing Pictorials 0
Photos: Red Fang, Municipal Waste, American Sharks In Austin, TX, April 2, 2022
April 26th, 2022 at 10:50am Emperor Rhombus
There was weed.
Watch Members of Red Fang, the Sword, Living Colour, Zeal & Ardor, and More Cover Funkadelic's "Hit It and Quit It"
December 7th, 2021 at 2:20pm MetalSucks
Once you hit this, you won't be able to quit this.
Level Up 0
Red Fang Release "Blade to Waste" Video Game
December 4th, 2021 at 10:53am MetalSucks
The game gives fans an opportunity to try out their own Katana-skills as seen in the band's "Arrows" video.
A MetalSucks Exclusive: Return from The Graveyard — King Diamond on His Near-Death and New Life
'Til Death Do Us Part: Metal + Hard Rock Musicians' Wedding Portraits
Today in Dream Theater Shirts: Metalhead Veterinarian Fired for Bestial*ty
Viral Drummer Nandi Bushell Pays Tribute to Taylor Hawkins: "Thank You for Looking After Me"
Anthrax vs. Axl vs. Anso: The Worship Music Double Review
MetalSucks Exclusive: One Year Later, Peter Steele's People Speak About His Life, His Music, and His Last Days


text:
Swedish Open 2015 byl společný tenisový turnaj mužského okruhu ATP World Tour a ženského okruhu WTA Tour, hraný na otevřených antukových dvorcích s centrálním kurtem Båstad Tennis Stadium pro pět tisíc diváků. Konal se mezi 13. až 26. červencem 2015 ve švédském Båstadu jako 68. ročník mužského a 7. ročník ženského turnaje.

Mužská polovina, hraná pod jménem SkiStar Swedish Open 2015, se řadila do kategorie ATP World Tour 250 a její dotace činila 494 310 eur. Profesionální hráči jej v letech 2002–2013 jedenáctkrát v řadě zvolili nejoblíbenějším turnajem v kategorii série ATP 250. Ženská část, nazvaná Collector Swedish Open 2015, disponovala rozpočtem 250 000 dolarů a byla součástí kategorie WTA International Tournaments.

Nejvýše nasazenou hráčkou dvouhry se stala světová jednička Serena Williamsová, která po prvním kole z turnaje odstoupila pro poranění lokte. Soutěž vyhrála Johanna Larssonová, jakožto první švédská vítězka v obnovené historii turnaje, a první Švédka od roku 1986, kdy triumfovala Catarina Lindqvistová. V Bastadu si připsala double, když s Kiki Bertensovovou vybojovala i trofej ze čtyřhry.

Premiérový singlový titul kariéry na okruhu ATP Tour získal Francouz Benoît Paire. Čtyřhru opanoval francouzsko-polský pár Jérémy Chardy a Łukasz Kubot.

Rozdělení bodů a finančních odměn

Rozdělení bodů

Dvouhra mužů

Nasazení

Jiné formy účasti

Následující hráčí obdrželi divokou kartu do hlavní soutěže:
  Markus Eriksson
  Christian Lindell
  Elias Ymer

Následující hráči postoupili z kvalifikace:
  Andrea Arnaboldi
  Rogério Dutra Silva
  Paul-Henri Mathieu
  Julian Reister

Odhlášení
před zahájením turnaje
  David Ferrer → nahradil jej Ernests Gulbis
  Guillermo García-López → nahradil jej Luca Vanni

Mužská čtyřhra

Nasazení

Jiné formy účasti
Následující páry obdržely divokou kartu do hlavní soutěže:
  Isak Arvidsson /  Markus Eriksson
  Jonathan Mridha /  Fred Simonsson

Ženská dvouhra

Nasazení

Jiné formy účasti

Následující hráčky obdržely divokou kartu do hlavní soutěže:
  Sofia Arvidssonová
  Susanne Celiková
  Rebecca Petersonová

Následující hráčky postoupily z kvalifikace:
  Alizé Limová
  Mandy Minellaová
  Ysaline Bonaventureová
  Maryna Zanevská
  Anett Kontaveitová
  Arantxa Rusová

Odhlášení
před zahájením turnaje
  Kaia Kanepiová → nahradila ji Olga Govorcovová
  Bethanie Matteková-Sandsová → nahradila ji Julia Bejgelzimerová
  Christina McHaleová → nahradila ji Richèl Hogenkampová
  Sloane Stephensová → nahradila ji Grace Minová

v průběhu turnaje
  Serena Williamsová (poranění pravého lokte)

Ženská čtyřhra

Nasazení

Jiné formy účasti

Následující páry obdržely divokou kartu do hlavní soutěže:
  Sofia Arvidssonová /  Susanne Celiková
  Cornelia Listerová /  Malin Ulvefeldtová

Odhlášení
před zahájením turnaje
  Mandy Minellaová (poranění zad)

Přehled finále

Mužská dvouhra

  Benoît Paire vs.  Tommy Robredo, 7–6(9–7), 6–3

Ženská dvouhra

  Johanna Larssonová vs.  Mona Barthelová, 6–3, 7–6(7–2)

Mužská čtyřhra

  Jérémy Chardy /  Łukasz Kubot vs.  Juan Sebastián Cabal /  Robert Farah, 6–7(6–8), 6–3, [10–8]

Ženská čtyřhra

  Kiki Bertensová /  Johanna Larssonová vs.  Tatjana Mariová /  Olga Savčuková, 7–5, 6–4

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

ATP World Tour 2015
WTA Tour 2015
Tenis ve Švédsku v roce 2015

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text: Q: Prettier space before => in arrow functions I am wondering is there a way to config prettier to not inserting white space before arrow symbol in arrow functions. in other words: const f = ()=> {}; would be a valid format for prettier and eslint.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's pretty obvious that most everyone ends up forgetting something here and there that they meant to bring on their vacation. Based on people's responses in a social media group of the things they've forgotten that they wish they hadn't, we've put together a list of things you don't want to forget when packing for your cruise. Also, some of these items you may not have thought to bring at all – so we hope this list helps!
This is a quick and easy way to ensure that you have your tentative schedule for the day down pat, and that it's easy to notice for any member of your group.
Who wants their towel flying away? Not me! Use clips to hold them onto your chair so a gust of wind doesn't claim them captive of the sea.
If you're traveling with kids who may be used to sleeping with a nightlight, or an adult that likes to be able to see where they're going when they get up in an interior cabin, a nightlight can be a crucial item that you don't want to forget.
Every seasoned cruiser knows that there is usually a huge lack of outlets in the stateroom. Bring a small power strip for extras. Bonus points if you buy a nifty one that includes USB plugs!
Whether you claim you "never burn!" or you're trying desperately to come back home from vacation with a sunny glow, bring the sunscreen. Chances are, the amount of sunny days you have will be more than enough for a sunny glow… and you don't want to come home looking like a lobster and feeling like a fireball instead.
While cruise ships will often offer a wake-up call for guests who want one, sometimes an alarm clock is just easier. If you don't want to have your phone nearby for every second of your vacation, consider bringing a small travel alarm clock to use instead.
Depending on the ports you visit and excursions you plan, you may want to bring some water shoes. No one wants to hobble back to the ship with sore, bleeding feet because they walked on some harsh terrain.
Cruise ships do have laundry services, but they're expensive. For the clothing you packed so carefully that still somehow ended up a wrinkled ball in your suitcase, bring wrinkle release spray. It's a quick, easy way to have your clothes looking presentable again. And before you ask, irons aren't allowed so don't consider bringing your own.
Often the little shops and markets near a cruise ship port or around town will not take any form of plastic, so bring some cash. In some ports you will be able to use American dollars, and in other ports you'll have to exchange. Either way though, you'll be prepared.
Many, many people need a fan blowing to sleep soundly. If you're one of these people, or you just tend to get hot during the night, bring a small one.
There are many forms of seasickness relief. Some swear by ginger, others by Dramamine, and then there's the SeaBand bracelet crowd. Consider bringing some form of aid that works best for you, in case the rocking of the ship ends up getting to you.
Instead of buying water bottles each day you head into port or for your stateroom, bring a reusable one from home. This way, you'll always have a container for some thirst-quenching goodness if you happen to pass by a drinking fountain, and will also be able to refill it in your stateroom, too. The big bonus here is: you won't be using up tons of unnecessary plastic with disposable ones.
A hat gives you a two for one. Not only will you be probably protecting most of your neck and face from the sun, you'll also lighten the load on your eyes if you forget your sunglasses on the ship. Plus, hats can just add so much style to a vacation outfit!
Whether it's clipping your towel around your chair on your balcony so it doesn't fly away, or pinning in some shorts that you realized are a little bit loose on you, there are hundreds of uses for safety pins. So to be prepared for any situation big or small, stash a few just to be on the safe side.
For the occasional scratch, cut, and even bug bite you just put anti-itch cream on, a band-aid can always prove useful. Sure, ship crew would probably be able to get one for you if you asked, but it's just easier to already have them on hand.
Most cruise lines only offer shampoo, bar soap, and body wash in your stateroom bathroom. Be sure to bring your other essentials, like conditioner, shaving cream, makeup remover, and lotions.
Especially helpful if you've locked up your cell phone and aren't glued to it during your cruise, a watch is always good to have. Be sure to keep it set to the ship's time throughout your voyage, so you always know what time you need to be back before sail away while in port.
This doesn't really need much explaining. If you'll need nail clippers during your voyage, be sure to bring them.
Who want to squint through beach days, and be scrunchy-faced in all of your tropical photos? No one, that's who. Plus, it's so much better for your eyes to have sunglasses – be sure to get ones that have UVB protection.
Instead of throwing all of the dirty clothes in the corner (guilty!), bring a pop-up hamper or durable bag for laundry. It'll keep your room looking cleaner, which is good for your room steward, too. They probably don't need to see your dirty underwear.
For those long walking tours or shopping along a cobblestone street in Europe, you'll want comfy shoes made for walking. 'Nuff said.
Another peril of jamming all of your things into just a couple of bags is dust, dirt, pet hair, etc. is going to probably end up on some of your clothes. Bringing a small, travel-friendly lint roller means you're totally prepared for that. Level: expert.
Whether it's a headache, stomachache (let's be real here, it is vacation with lots of drinks and unlimited food), cramps, or tense legs from walking all day, you'll probably want some pain relief. Be prepared and bring your medicine of choice.
Frequent cruising families swear by these. If you're traveling with more than say, two people, this is a must-have. All of the little essentials, knick-knacks, accessories, and even small clothing items can go in one of those over-the-door shoes storage hangers and help you keep your sanity in tight quarters with multiple family members. It's even better if it's a see-through one. Curb the clutter: preserve sanity.
Depending on your destinations, you may want to bring an umbrella. If you're headed to Australia during rainy season, or anywhere in Europe you should probably consider whether you have room for one. They fold up into such tiny sizes these days, so you'll likely have room and it'll likely be worth it. Just don't forget to actually bring it into port.
Sticky notes and magnets kind of go hand-in-hand. Sticky notes are perfect to leave little notes for your cabin-mates on where you'll be, what time to meet for dinner, etc. Magnets are good for hanging the daily activities newsletter on your wall, as well as anything else you find important. The cabin walls are metal, so your stuff can go just about anywhere.
On almost every cruise ship, your key to your room (and to buy stuff) is a card the crew gives you before you even board. Instead of trying to keep it from falling out of your pocket or stowing it deep in your wallet, buy a lanyard. The crew will even punch a hole in your card for you if you ask nicely.
This probably isn't necessary to mention, but just in case anyone is likely to forget: bring a couple of razors! If your ship sells them, I can guarantee they will be very expensive.
If you do plan to do laundry onboard your ship, be sure to bring a travel-sized laundry detergent or a few of those little pods. Once again, if you have to buy it onboard it will be outrageously overpriced.
For anything from a child's soiled clothes, to keeping your cell phone and camera safe on the beach from sand and surf – ziplock bags have nearly unlimited uses. Stash a few in your bag just to be prepared.
What else would you suggest packing for a cruise vacation? Let us know in the comments below!


text:
Home/Samsung/Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) price in KSA - Saudi Arabia
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) is Available. Released 2017, July. The phone comes with a 5.5 inches, 83.4 cm (~73.1% screen-to-body ratio) display with a resolution of 1080 x 1920 pixels, 16:9 ratio (~401 ppi density). The Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Price in KSA is approximately SAR 900.
The Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) runs on Android 7.0 (Nougat) and is powered by a Non-removable Li-Ion 3600 mAh battery.
In the following article, we will guide you through every aspect of this device and the updated price of the Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) price in KSA (Saudi Arabia).
Samsung Galaxy A50s price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy S21 5G price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) specs at a glance:
Body: 152.5 x 74.8 x 8 mm (6.00 x 2.94 x 0.31 in); 181 g (6.38 oz), Front glass, aluminum body
Display: 5.5 inches, 83.4 cm (~73.1% screen-to-body ratio), Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors, 1080 x 1920 pixels, 16:9 ratio (~401 ppi density).
Chipset: Exynos 7870 Octa (14 nm): Octa-core 1.6 GHz Cortex-A53; Mali-T830 MP1
Memory: 16 GB, 3 GB RAM; .
OS/Software: Android 7.0 (Nougat).
Rear camera: 13 MP, f/1.7, 27mm (wide), 1/3.1″, 1.12µm, AF
Front camera: 13 MP, f/1.9, 28mm (wide)
Misc: Fingerprint (front-mounted), accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass; NFC: Yes.
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) – Full phone specifications
Model Galaxy J7 (2017)
Launch Date Available. Released 2017, July
Dimensions (mm) 152.5 x 74.8 x 8 mm (6.00 x 2.94 x 0.31 in)
Colours Black, Blue, Gold, Rose Gold
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Display
Type Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors
Features Always-on display
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Hardware
Processor Make Exynos 7870 Octa (14 nm)
GPU Mali-T830 MP1
Variant (Ram/Rom) 16 GB, 3 GB RAM
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Network And Connectivity
4G bands LTE band 1(2100), 3(1800), 5(850), 7(2600), 8(900), 20(800), 28(700), 40(2300)
Speed HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps, LTE-A (2CA) Cat6 300/50 Mbps
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Camera
Main Camera 13 MP, f/1.7, 27mm (wide), 1/3.1″, 1.12µm, AF
Selfie Camera 13 MP, f/1.9, 28mm (wide)
Selfi Camera Features LED flash
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Sound & Audio
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) Battery
FAQ about Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017)
How much RAM and ROM does Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) contain?
It has 16 GB, 3 GB RAM.
Which type of display panel used in Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017)?
It comes with a 5.5 inches, 83.4 cm (~73.1% screen-to-body ratio) Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors 1080 x 1920 pixels, 16:9 ratio (~401 ppi density).
How is the Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) processor and chipset?
It contains Exynos 7870 Octa (14 nm) and Android 7.0 (Nougat). It has up to an(a) Octa-core 1.6 GHz Cortex-A53.
What are the camera and video capabilities of Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017)?
It has main camera with 13 MP, f/1.7, 27mm (wide), 1/3.1″, 1.12µm, AF and front camera 13 MP, f/1.9, 28mm (wide). The video recording capability is [email protected]
Does Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) support the 5G network?
What sensors does Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) phone have?
How the battery capacity of Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) is?
Summary of Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017)
Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) comes with 5.5 inches, 83.4 cm (~73.1% screen-to-body ratio), Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors screen. The back camera is of 13 MP, f/1.7, 27mm (wide), 1/3.1″, 1.12µm, AF etc. and Full HD video recording. The front camera is of 13 MP, f/1.9, 28mm (wide). Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) comes with Non-removable Li-Ion 3600 mAh battery.
Ulefone Note 7T price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
TECNO Spark Plus price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy Note10 Lite price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy M30s price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs
Samsung Galaxy Tab Active 2 price in KSA (Saudi Arabia) & Specs


text:
Own a piece of history! "Apollo 50," our hardcover book about the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, has been released. Order for $39.95.
Federer, Nadal advance to semifinals in Monaco
Top-ranked Roger Federer and defending champion Rafael Nadal won quarterfinal matches in straight sets on Friday at the Monte Carlo Masters in Monaco. Federer defeated eighth-seeded David Ferrer 6-1, 6-3, and Nadal beat No. 6 Guillermo Coria 6-2, 6-1. Federer improved to 32-1 overall this season in reaching the Monte Carlo Masters semifinals for the first time, and second-ranked Nadal extended his winning streak on clay to 40 matches. Federer, who is preparing for next month's French Open -- the only major he is yet to win -- led 4-0 in the second set before Ferrer rallied briefly to win three straight games.
Foley faces battery charge
Linebacker Steve Foley of the San Diego Chargers was arrested on charges of resisting arrest after police said he scuffled with officers. Foley also was booked on charges of battery on a police officer and public drunkenness.
Police were called early Friday morning on a report of a sport utility vehicle, which turned out to be Foley's, parked the wrong way outside a hotel. They found that its Arkansas plates had expired a year earlier, and one officer smelled alcohol on the 6-foot-4, 265-pound linebacker's breath, police spokesman Gary Hassen said. As officers prepared to write a ticket and have the vehicle towed, Hassen said Foley became belligerent.
MORE NFL: Former NFL offensive guard Rich Tylski and his wife have been accused of hitting their adopted daughter with a belt, slamming her head on a table and other abuse that left the girl with broken bones in her hands and leg. Tylski, 35, and wife, Jane, 36, each were free on $20,000 bail on the child abuse and neglect charges. They were released on Wednesday after turning themselves in. . . . Brandon Lloyd signed a long-term contract extension with the Washington Redskins. . . . Cash-strapped San Diego doesn't have the money to help the Chargers build a new stadium, Mayor Jerry Sanders said, opening the door for Southern California's only NFL team to leave the city it has called home for 45 years. . . . Anthony Wright signed a one-year deal to be the Cincinnati Bengals' backup quarterback. . . . The Green Bay Packers released wide receiver Terrence Murphy.
Redshirt QB stays with UM
Kirby Freeman said he will stay at the University of Miami, ending speculation that he has grown tired of being second-string behind quarterback Kyle Wright. He considered transferring elsewhere, but the redshirt sophomore from Brownwood, Texas, ultimately decided that Miami is still his best fit.
"It's all on my shoulders now to prove . . . that playing me is best for this football team," Freeman said.
Freeman appeared in nine games last season, completing 15 of 31 passes for 183 yards with two touchdowns and two interceptions. He also ran the ball eight times for 38 yards.
MORE COLLEGE FOOTBALL: Bill Dooley, who led three teams to bowl games in a head coaching career that spanned 26 seasons, was in critical but stable condition after surgery to repair an aneurysm, Duke University Hospital officials said. Dooley underwent emergency surgery Tuesday in Durham, N.C.. Beginning in 1967, Dooley coached 11 seasons at North Carolina, winning three Atlantic Coast Conference titles. He moved to Virginia Tech in 1978 and led the school to seven consecutive winning seasons. At Wake Forest, he led the Demon Deacons to their first bowl appearance in 14 years. . . . Mississippi Coach Andy Kennedy completed his staff by hiring Torrey Ward as an assistant and Bill Armstrong as the coordinator of basketball operations.
Landis keeps Georgia lead
Floyd Landis maintained his overall lead in the Tour de Georgia with a 12th-place finish on Friday in the fourth stage.
Jockey to miss Derby
Top rider John Velazquez, 34, likely will miss the May 6 Kentucky Derby after breaking his right shoulder blade when his horse collapsed and rolled onto the jockey after winning the Forerunner Stakes at Keeneland on Thursday. Velazquez was set to be aboard 3-year-old Bluegrass Cat in the Derby.
MORE HORSE RACING: Trainer Bob Baffert seems to have decided who will ride his three starters in the Kentucky Derby. Garrett Gomez will be aboard Wood Memorial winner Bob and John, Victor Espinoza got the call on Blue Grass Stakes winner Sinister Ministers and Rafael Bejarano has the ride on Point Determined.
'That won't be the last home run I hit, and I hope I hit one when I'm 50.'
-- Julio Franco, 47, who,during the New York Mets'7-2 win over San Diego on Thursday night,became the oldest player in major-league history to hit a home run
STAT OF THE DAY
Number of wins for Washington Nationals Manager Frank Robinson. He became the 53rd manager to reach the milestone.
The Suns-Spurs playoff opener ties an NBA playoff record for fewest points. Phoenix beats San Antonio 72-70.
Look out, Joakim Noah -- here comes Tim Tebow.
Don't be chicken! Popeyes and Chick-fil-A have deals
Once again, Tribune wants veteran journalists to leave. Here's why we haven't ... yet. | Commentary


When parents decide to divorce, while knowing their divorce may cause some pain, most are well aware that divorce affects children. Many parents divorce while keeping in mind their children's best interests. Most parents are very worried for their children during the process of divorce and some may continue to stay in an unhealthy relationship in order to save the child some emotional pain. However, recent studies have shown that while children may experience some health issues soon after the divorce due to stress potentially increasing the risk to a weaker immune system, other studies have shown that children soon heal from the experience of divorce and that while divorce affects children, the effects may not be necessarily huge.
A study completed by the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh analysed the effects of a virus that causes the common cold in 201 quarantined healthy adults. The adults were then monitored for 5 days in an attempt to see how the virus reacted within their bodies. According to this study, the adults whose parents did not live together and no longer communicated with each other were around three times more likely to develop the cold compared to the adults who grew up with two parent in the same house. Interestingly, adults who had grown up with parents that were separated but still remained in contact were no more likely to catch the virus causing the cold. Around 51% of the participants whose parents were separated had parents that did not communicate.
While there may be barriers to this study as there were questions about the participant's ability to fully remember if their parents communicated once they separated, researchers believed the trends of the study resulted in the conclusion that it's not necessarily that the divorce affects children, but that the communitcation of the separated parents that affected their children the most. A further caveat, said the researchers, was that the adult children may hold similar personality traits to their parents such as depression and hostility, perhaps resulting in a weaker immune system. However, this study has shown that there may be ways to prevent worse health outcomes, such as the child remaining in contact with both parents and encouraging communication between both.
While divorce affects children in the short term, it has been suggested that the impact may lessen over the years. The short term effects may include denial, anxiety, anger and shock. However, these effects seem to decline over the years. More studies have shown that children become used to a new pattern after a couple of years and function well once a routine is established. Unfortunately, if some children experience conflict and acrimony on a continuing basis between their parents, then the negatives consequences are often increased. The easier the adjustment into the new situation, then the faster the child's negative effects will disappear.
Statistics show that a minor percentage of young adults will experience problems as a result of their parent's divorce. The troubles may arise due to the parents arguing or a messy, high-conflict divorce. The stress can also increase a young person's risk of depression and addiction. Due to the separation of the parents, the children may feel as if they cannot discuss these issues. Fortunately, studies show that while young people may suffer some negative consequences, they are able to adapt and become well-adjusted adults.
Children of divorce generally appear to do well and eventually manage to deal with the effects of divorce. Children seem to do well if the conflict is minimised within the family and where they can have a meaningful relationshp with both parents on an ongoing basis. Amicable co-parenting is one important way you can help your children not to suffer the affects of divorce. It is also better to speak clearly with your children and ensure they understand what is happening, but that they know everything will be okay and that they will still remain in contact with both parents. Parents should remain supporting of the child's activities and be emotionally supportive. It should also be understood that children with different personalities may cope differently, and so it is best to be flexible in your approach with each child.
Keep strong communication between you and your child and ex-partner. Your child has a right to stay in contact and understanding of what is happening within the family unit. At Brisbane DIvorce Lawyers, the children's best interests are always kept front and centre during divorce. For compassionate, expert care, contact us today. We offer a free, 10-minute phone consultation.


Is it okay to wear makeup while on Curology? The answer is always yes.
There's no problem at all wearing makeup while using Curology. In fact, for most people, using makeup does not worsen acne. However, there are exceptions, so pay attention to how your makeup affects your skin, and change types if necessary.
In general, we advise avoiding foundations containing salicylic acid (BHA) while you are adjusting to your Curology medication because salicylic acid can irritate the skin.
The makeup you use is your personal choice regarding how it looks and feels. Almay, Bare Minerals, Clinique, and Neutrogena are a few brands that make good foundations. It's even better if your makeup has sun protection. send for SPF 15 or SPF 30 to be safe.


text:
How victims of terror are remembered distorts perceptions of safety
By Richard Lachmann, University at Albany, State University of New York
Are Americans safe from terrorism?
Forty-nine dead in Orlando, five in Dallas and three in Baton Rouge in 2016. Twelve dead in San Bernardino, three at a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado Springs and nine at a church in Charleston in 2015.
In addition, Americans watched ample news coverage of the attacks in Nice and Brussels in 2016, and two far more deadly attacks in Paris in 2015. Jihadist attacks are up dramatically in Europe, from four in 2014 to 17 in 2015. And, there are even more frequent deaths from terrorism elsewhere in the world, which usually receive less intense coverage in the U.S.
From 2002 through 2015, 80 Americans were killed in terrorist attacks. The 57 killed in 2016 almost equals the total of the previous 13 years. The totality of attacks worldwide can give Americans the impression that they are in escalating danger. An evolution in the way we remember the war dead since Vietnam may be one reason these deaths take up so much space in the public imagination.
In comparison to overall murders and auto accident fatalities, the deaths from terrorism are less significant. In 2013, the most recent year for which there are comprehensive statistics from the FBI, 13,716 Americans were murdered, the equivalent of an Orlando massacre every 32 hours.
In 2014, 32,675 Americans died in car accidents. In other words, the 57 Americans who died in terrorist attacks in 2016 were equal to 0.42 percent of all murders and 0.17 percent of all traffic deaths.
Why do the terrorist attacks get so much media coverage? Why is fear of terrorism a major issue in the current election? A Pew Research Center poll shows 80 percent of Americans see terrorism as "very important" to their vote this year, second only to the economy at 84 percent.
Framing terror
When an unusual and seemingly random tragedy strikes, some may try to give it meaning by relating it to other, more familiar and historic horrors. When the Bush administration decided after 9/11 to label its response a "War on Terror," it gave the American public a template for understanding future attacks.
The way in which Orlando was labeled and framed by news media and politicians shapes the way in which we think about that horrific event. For those who see it as a mass murder, Orlando is evidence of the dangers of making automatic weapons available for purchase by civilians. However, a significant amount of coverage of Orlando focused on the killer and his professed Islamist extremism. The 49 dead then become something different from the largely anonymous thousands of Americans murdered with guns each year. Instead, the 49 are seen as war casualties and are viewed in ways borrowed from the forms we use to memorialize war dead.
I have studied depictions of war dead in newspapers, textbooks and Medal of Honor citations. During the Vietnam War and since, the U.S. military, textbook publishers and mass media abandoned longstanding conventions of how to present war dead.
New types of heroism in Vietnam
Before Vietnam, the dominant approach was to focus on soldiers' heroic actions and to describe how they contributed to American victory, and in that way find meaning in their ultimate sacrifice. The media might have named dead soldiers, but little, and more often nothing, was said about their premilitary lives. Their families were ignored or presented as stoic patriots, proud of their husbands', sons' or fathers' sacrifice. The U.S. military awarded medals mainly for acts that led to the deaths of enemy soldiers. The physical and emotional trauma of soldiers who endured combat and of their relatives received little attention in the media, from public officials or in school textbooks. Photos of dead American soldiers, while often graphic, rarely showed faces, and captions omitted the names of those shown.
Portrayals of dead soldiers changed dramatically during the Vietnam War. Medals were increasingly given for saving the lives of fellow American soldiers rather than killing the enemy. Newspaper stories during Vietnam and even more in recent wars paid increasing attention to the grief of dead soldiers' relatives and to the suffering of the injured.
Soldiers carry a wounded comrade in Vietnam, 1969.
U.S. National Archives/flickr
Prisoners of war first gained attention during Vietnam, and the attention to those held by the enemy intensified during the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979-81. War photos increasingly present soldiers in pain rather than in heroic tableaus and often are used to illustrate lengthy articles on the difficulties those who were wounded or emotionally traumatized face in returning to civilian life. Textbook chapters on victorious wars like World War II as well as Vietnam seek to describe the terror and agony of combat rather than offering narrow depictions of brave and stoic soldiers.
Honor without victory
The new way of presenting soldiers in war grew in part out of efforts to find honor in America's defeat in Vietnam, and now in the inconclusive and seemingly unending wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Soldiers aren't honored for victory because it hasn't been achieved. Instead, they are praised for saving one another's lives and for struggling to overcome their personal traumas. As a result, the highest value for soldiers in combat has become minimizing casualties.
The names of each dead soldier are published in newspapers, following the pattern set by the Vietnam War Memorial. The memorial represented that war as a list of names abstracted from any larger narrative and without reference to any purpose for which that war was fought.
When a mass murder is labeled as domestic terrorism, the victims are seen as casualties in the War on Terror. As such, their deaths are visualized and understood through the pattern now established for memorializing soldiers. Thus, each of the dead in Orlando, Baton Rouge, Dallas, San Bernardino and Charleston, and of course those who died on 9/11 and in the few attacks in between 2001 and 2016, were made the subjects of biographical articles in the media. When memorials are built to remember each of these tragedies they will be centered on the names of the dead, as is the case with One World Trade Center that commemorates those lost on 9/11.
This framework makes the attacks more personal to the public because we begin to know personal details about the victims, and therefore think we know the victims and feel their families' trauma.
A relatively few deaths become manifestations of a war come home to America. Those few highly publicized deaths provoke levels of fear and anger that make it difficult to think clearly about the actual causes of these crimes and conceive of governmental policies that actually might make prevent future attacks.
Richard Lachmann, Professor of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York
This entry was posted in Analysis, terrorism on August 31, 2016 by News Sources.
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You get a clear sense here that NY and its five parts is built on a bunch of islands. The trip up this tower to the observatory is very popular…. worldwide even. The tower has about 40,000... Try each of these steps in this order before you reset the SMC. Test the issue after each step to see if the issue still occurs. If your Mac isn't responding, press and hold the power button until it shuts down.
Introduction. Welcome to the Provisioning Guide. Provisioning is an important part of the game and it will save you a lot of money once you level it up because the duration of food, drinks and exp drinks will get increased by a huge margin.... 13/09/2012 · We snuck a handicam into Mecca, Saudi Arabia to film the Islamic tradition of Hajj, the world's largest annual pilgrimage and the biggest gathering of people in the world at any given time.
South Tower being hit during the 9/11 attacks. The events of September 11 2001 has significantly shaped American attitudes and actions towards fighting terrorism, surveilling citizens and othering... Indeed I have also claimed in "The God Myth - How Knowledge Destroyed the Almighty" that the Ark and the Tower of Babel are utterly impossible, particularly Babel - since the construction was impossible, the futility of such is described in detail.
Lawrence Wright (born August 2, 1947) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author, screenwriter, staff writer for The New Yorker magazine, and fellow at the Center for Law and Security at the New York University School of Law.
I started watching this show because Jeff Daniels always delivers. He continues to do so here. The miniseries presents a thought provoking picture of how the CIA and the FBI had conflicting ideas about how best to oppose Al Qaeda in the late 1990s and 2000.
Indeed I have also claimed in "The God Myth - How Knowledge Destroyed the Almighty" that the Ark and the Tower of Babel are utterly impossible, particularly Babel - since the construction was impossible, the futility of such is described in detail.


This entry was posted in Griping and Grousing, Social Networking and tagged All-American Muslim, Facebook, Lowe's, temper tantrums. Bookmark the permalink.
← Another excerpt from Drama Queen.
Second! Well said, Lisa; IMHO most adults just want to be left alone to live their lives without everyone jumping on their backs and telling them how terrible they are or that their religious beliefs are wrong. Folks wanting to turn this country into a "christian" theocracy and ultra right wing christians throwing their support behind Israel in the hopes that they will defend themselves to the point that a middle east war will start armegedon and thus bring on the rapture. All folks need to focus on is the similarities of most religious beliefs and leave the differences alone, we'd all be happier. BTW interesting show clip to go with this subject….
Holy mackerel, do I ever agree with this post. While I'm a "fundamentalist" Christian (I take the Bible as God's word), I'm sickened when my relatives see all Muslims as enemies or when few in this country will have a rational debate. However, commenting online allows folks a shield behind which they can get vitriolic quickly; it also reduces others to mere words in space – no voice tone or emphasis – and makes the easier to depersonalize. More town hall affairs might be a good way to go. Or mud wrestling. Thanks for being the small voice and trying!