text:
\section{Introduction}
Ultracold quantum degenerate gases near Feshbach resonances have been studied intensively in recent years~\cite{FeshbachChin}.
The tunability of the interactions between the atoms, characterized by their $s$-wave scattering length $a$,
makes ultracold quantum gases an ideal testbed to study a variety of few-body problems.
Three-body systems in the strongly interacting regime $|a|\rightarrow\infty$ especially interest people due to their importance in many areas in physics,
including condensed matter, atomic, molecular and nuclear physics~\cite{Jensen2004,Braaten2006}.

Central among all ultracold three-body phenomena is the Efimov effect, which occurs
when the scattering length $a$ is much larger than the characteristic length scale $r_0$ of the atomic interaction~\cite{Esry1999,Nielsen1999}.
First predicted in the early 70's by the nuclear physicist Vitaly Efimov~\cite{Efimov1970},
this effect refers to the existence of an infinite number of weakly bound three-body states when $|a|\rightarrow\infty$.
It has a profound impact on the three-body scattering observables and
leads to universal three-body behavior irrespective of the short-range interactions between the particles~\cite{Braaten2006}.
In particular, when $a<0$, the rate $K_3$ for three-boson recombination, $B+B+B\rightarrow B_2+B$, features
a log-periodic series of resonance peaks on top of an overall $a^4$ scaling near zero energy. Explicitly~\cite{Braaten2006,Esry1999,Nielsen1999},
in atomic units,
\begin{eqnarray}
K_3\!=\!\frac{4590\sinh(2\eta)}{\sin^2[s_0\ln(|a|/r_0)\!+\!\Phi\!+\!1.53]\!+\!\sinh^2\eta} \frac{a^4}{m},
\label{eqn_K3_zero}
\end{eqnarray}
where $s_0\approx 1.00624$ is a universal constant, $\Phi$ is the three-body short-range phase~\cite{Braaten2006,ScalingDIncao2005,PhaseDIncao}, $\eta$ is a parameter characterizing
short-range inelastic transitions~\cite{Braaten2006,ScalingDIncao2005}, and $m$
is the atomic mass.  Physically,
the peaks appear in $K_3$ when an Efimov state moves across the three-body break-up threshold and
becomes bound~\cite{Esry1999,Esry2007}. Another three-body inelastic process which is also important in ultracold
experiments is the vibrational relaxation of a weakly-bound molecule:
$B_2^*+B\rightarrow B_2+B$ ($a>0$). The rate for vibrational relaxation $V_{\rm rel}$ has the same functional form as Eq.~(\ref{eqn_K3_zero}),
with the overall $a^4$ scaling changed to just $a$; the overall coefficient, to 20.03; and the constant in the phase, to 1.47.

Near a narrow Feshbach resonance, however, the universal three-body physics is
modified~\cite{Petrov2004,Gogolin2008,WangPrepNarrow}.
The dependence of the three-body physics on the resonance width in magnetic field can be parametrized with the two-body effective range $r_{\mathrm{eff}}$, which is inversely proportional to the resonance width~\cite{Petrov2004}.
It has recently been predicted that near a narrow resonance three-body inelastic processes dominated by short-range transitions are
suppressed for bosons and enhanced for mixed spin fermions~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.

The Efimov and universal three-body physics introduced above are studied through the dependence of the three-body observables on $a$ in the limit of
zero scattering energy.  Studies away from zero energy have mainly considered only
the corrections to the zero-energy results~\cite{ThermDIncao2004,Jonsell2006,Braaten2007,Platter2008,Massignan2008,Braaten2008}.
But, interestingly, it has recently been shown that the energy dependence also displays
signatures of the Efimov effect for $a>0$~\cite{Wang2010}.  For energies
beyond the threshold regime, however, the higher partial wave contributions to the inelastic rates are not suppressed by the Wigner threshold law~\cite{Esry2001}
and tend to mask these energy-dependent Efimov features.  These contributions, combined with thermal averaging effects, make
observing energy-dependent Efimov features in this case quite challenging.  To overcome these difficulties, a scheme to collide
Bose-Einstein condensates has therefore been proposed~\cite{Wang2010}.

In this paper, we show that signatures of the Efimov effect also appear at non-zero collision energies in recombination for $a<0$.
In contrast to the finite-energy Efimov features identified previously~\cite{Wang2010},
the Efimov signatures we show here have negligible higher partial wave contributions and are much less
sensitive to thermal averaging. We also study the energy dependence of the vibrational relaxation rate when $a>0$.
Finally, we show that Efimov and universal features remain for large negative $r_{\rm eff}$, corresponding to a
narrow Feshbach resonance.  In most cases, we find analytic expressions
for the rates and confirm them with numerical solutions of the Schr\"odinger equation.

\section{Method}
\label{Method}
To study three-body universality at finite energies, we have numerically solved the three-body Schr{\"o}dinger equation for identical bosons using the adiabatic hyperspherical
representation~\cite{HeCalc2}.
In this representation, the Schr{\"o}dinger equation reduces to a set of coupled equations for the hyperradial wavefunctions $F_\nu(R)$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\left[-\frac{1}{2\mu}\frac{d^2}{d R^2}+W_{\nu\nu}\right ]F_\nu+\sum_{\nu'\neq\nu}W_{\nu\nu'}F_{\nu'}=E F_\nu.
\label{Eq_Hyper}
\end{eqnarray}
The hyperradius $R$ is a measure of the overall size of the system and $\mu=m/\sqrt{3}$ is the three-body reduced mass.
The effective three-body potentials are
\begin{eqnarray}
W_{\nu\nu}(R)=U_\nu(R)-\frac{1}{2\mu}Q_{\nu\nu}(R),
\end{eqnarray}
where $U_\nu(R)$ are calculated from the adiabatic equation
\begin{eqnarray}
H_{\rm ad}(R; \Omega)\Phi_\nu(R;\Omega)=U_\nu(R)\Phi_\nu(R;\Omega).
\label{eqn_AdEqn}
\end{eqnarray}
The adiabatic Hamiltonian $H_{\rm ad}$ includes the hyperangular kinetic energy and all interactions.
The diagonal couplings $Q_{\nu\nu}(R)$ are determined from
\begin{eqnarray}
Q_{\nu\nu}=\left<\!\!\left<\frac{d\Phi_\nu}{dR} \biggl| \frac{d\Phi_\nu}{dR}\right>\!\!\right>,
\end{eqnarray}
where the double brackets indicate integration over the hyperangles $\Omega$.
The non-adiabatic couplings $W_{\nu\nu'}$ ($\nu\neq \nu'$) govern the transitions between channels.
The effective three-body potentials $W_{\nu\nu}$ are crucial for the study of three-body scattering, especially at low energies
since they determine the universal behavior of the rates like Eq.~(\ref{eqn_K3_zero})~\cite{ScalingDIncao2005}.

To solve Eq.~(\ref{eqn_AdEqn}) numerically, we must specify the interaction potential.  Fortunately,
when $|a|\gg r_0$, the universality of low-energy three-body physics allows us to model the interactions between the
atoms near a Feshbach resonance by single channel interactions with large $|a|$,
as the details of the atomic interactions affect three-body observables only through the short-range parameters $\Phi$ and $\eta$.
This model is equivalent to a multi-channel treatment as long as there is only one open channel in the two-body system.
Therefore, when solving Eq.~(\ref{eqn_AdEqn}), we simply use a pair-wise sum of two-body potentials
\begin{eqnarray}
v(r)=-D\mathrm{sech}^2(r/r_0),
\label{eqn_potential}
\end{eqnarray}
where $r$ is the interparticle distance and $D$ is a parameter that we use to control the scattering length as well as the number of two-body bound states.

Our numerical approach has been described in detail in Refs.~\cite{HeCalc2,EsryThesis,Aymar1996,BurkeThesis}.  Briefly,
we first solve Eq.~(\ref{eqn_AdEqn}) by expanding $\Phi_\nu(R;\Omega)$  on Wigner $D$ functions for the Euler angle
dependence of the overall rotations~\cite{HeCalc2} and on
a two-dimensional, direct product  B-spline basis for the hyperangles representing relative motion in the body frame~\cite{EsryThesis}.
Inelastic rates are then calculated by solving
Eq.~(\ref{Eq_Hyper}) with the eigenchannel $R$-matrix method~\cite{Aymar1996,BurkeThesis}.

We use these numerical solutions to verify our analytical expressions for the universal behavior.  These expressions are obtained by
solving the hyperradial equation Eq.~(\ref{Eq_Hyper}) using the universal results for the hyperradial potential $W_{\nu\nu}(R)$~\cite{Efimov1973,ScalingDIncao2005}.
Moreover, for recombination with $a<0$ and vibrational relaxation with $a>0$, we need only know the behavior of the initial channel.
In Fig.~\ref{Fig:Pot}, we show $W_{\nu\nu}(R)$ for $a$=--180~a.u. numerically
calculated from Eq.~(\ref{eqn_AdEqn}).
The lowest energy curve is the initial channel for recombination.  It has a barrier at $R\approx |a|$~\cite{EsryJPBLetter}.
For smaller $R$, the
potential has Efimov character; and for larger $R$, free particle character.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,scale=0.9]{pot_mod}
\end{center}
\caption{The adiabatic hyperspherical potentials for $a$=--180~a.u.
The deeply bound atom-molecule potentials are not shown, so all of the curves represent the three-body
continuum, $B$+$B$+$B$, asymptotically.
}
\label{Fig:Pot}
\end{figure}
For $a<0$ and $|a|\gg r_0$, we can idealize the behavior in the incident channel for recombination as
\begin{eqnarray}
W_{\nu\nu}(R)=\left\{
\begin{array}{cc}
\displaystyle -\frac{s_0^2+1/4}{2\mu R^2} &  r_0\ll R\ll |a|,\\
\displaystyle \frac{15/4}{2\mu R^2} & R\gg |a|.
\end{array}\right.,
\label{Eq:NarrowPotential}
\end{eqnarray}
For $R\le r_0$, $W_{\nu\nu}$ is not universal and the solution from that region will simply be parametrized at $R=r_0$
with $\Phi$ and $\eta$.
For vibrational relaxation when $a>0$, the potential for the incident channel is only changed for $R\gg a$ to
\begin{eqnarray}
W_{\nu\nu}=-E_{2b}+\frac{l(l+1)}{2\mu R^2},
\end{eqnarray}
where $E_{2b}=1/m a^2$ is the binding energy of the weakly-bound molecule and
$l$ is the angular momentum between the atom and the molecule.

For both processes, the coupling between the initial channel and the final deeply-bound atom-molecule channel is only significant for $R\lesssim r_0$,
and we can treat the channels as uncoupled for $R>r_0$.  The solutions are thus completely determined by the potential Eq.~(\ref{Eq:NarrowPotential}),
and, by assuming each potential Eq.~(\ref{Eq:NarrowPotential}) holds over the entire domain,
the hyperradial wave functions $F_\nu(R)$ are~\cite{Jonsell2006}
\begin{eqnarray}
F_\nu(R)\!=\!\left\{
\begin{array}{lc}
C_0\sin(\Phi+i\eta) & R= r_0,\\
C_1R^{1/2}\{J_{i s_0}(kR)\!-\!\tan\delta_1N_{i s_0}(kR)\} & \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!r_0\le R\le \beta|a|,\\
C_2R^{1/2}\{J_{l_{\rm eff}\!+\!1/2}(kR)\!-\!\tan\delta N_{l_{\rm eff}\!+\!1/2}(kR)\} & R\ge \beta|a|,
\label{Eq:AsymSoln}
\end{array}\right.
\end{eqnarray}
where $J_\nu(x)$ and $N_\nu(x)$ are Bessel functions of the first and second kind, respectively; and $k=\sqrt{2\mu E}$ with $E$ the
total energy relative to the three-body break-up threshold.  Since the boundary between
regions is not exactly at $R=|a|$ and cannot be precisely defined, we include the constant $\beta$ as a free parameter to be determined by
matching to numerical solutions~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.
The effective angular momentum $l_{\rm eff}$ is $3/2$ for recombination~\cite{Esry2001} and $0$ for relaxation.
The parameters $\Phi$ and $\eta$ are introduced in the same fashion as in Refs.~\cite{Braaten2006,ScalingDIncao2005} to
characterize the non-universal, short-range physics, including the inelastic transition.  They will generally be taken to
be free parameters and fit to the rates for a particular system.

By matching the hyperradial wavefunction $F_\nu(R)$ at each boundary, the asymptotic phase shift $\delta$ can be expressed
in terms of $\beta|a|$ and the short-range parameters at any energy.  To obtain the probability for inelastic transitions in such a single-channel model,
we first calculate the probability for elastic scattering ${\cal R}$ which is given by the reflection coefficient:
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal R}=\left|\frac{1-i\tan\delta}{1+i\tan\delta} \right|^2.
\end{eqnarray}
So long as $\eta$ is not zero (which corresponds to no coupling to deeply-bound states), $\delta$ will be complex and $\cal R$ will be less than unity.
The overall probability for an inelastic transition is thus ${\cal P}=1-{\cal R}$.
For three-body recombination of identical bosons, the recombination rate $K_3$ is related to $\cal{P}$ by~\cite{Esry1999}
\begin{eqnarray}
K_3=\frac{192\sqrt{3}\pi^2}{mk^4}{\cal P}.
\label{Eq_K3Def}
\end{eqnarray}
Equation~(\ref{eqn_K3_zero}) can then be reproduced by deriving $\cal P$ for recombination near zero energy ($k\rightarrow 0$).

\section{Three-body inelastic processes near broad Feshbach resonances}

\subsection{Three-body recombination at finite energies}

In general, each region identified in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:NarrowPotential}) becomes important when the de Broglie wavelength becomes
small enough to sample that length scale.
Specifically, at energies above $E_{\rm s}=1/\mu r_0^2$, the details in the short-range region will start to play a role and the rates will not be universal.
Below $E_{\rm s}$ --- that is, at $R\geq r_0$ --- the three-body potentials and couplings are all universal. We therefore expect universal behavior
in the three-body scattering for energies below $E_{\rm s}$.

Because the Efimov region of the lowest potential
in Fig.~\ref{Fig:Pot} and Eq.~(\ref{Eq:NarrowPotential}) has a barrier at $R\approx |a|$,
it can support a three-body shape
resonance when an Efimov state exists behind the barrier.
When the energy of the Efimov state is above the three-body break-up threshold $E$=0,
increasing the collision energy across the resonance energy will
lead to a resonant peak in $K_3$~\cite{Esry1999,Esry2007}.
This can be understood from the fact that near the resonant energy, the amplitude of the hyperradial wavefunction behind the barrier in $W_{\nu\nu}$ is greatly enhanced.
The three-body system thus has much larger probability in the small-$R$ region where the coupling between the incident channel and the deeply-bound atom-molecule channel
peaks.
However, because the height of the barrier is $\sim E_{\rm b}=1/\mu a^2$, the resonant behavior in $K_3$ can only
be observed for energies below $E_{\rm b}$. And, below this energy, the barrier can only confine a
resonant Efimov state with size on the order of $|a|$,
implying that at most one Efimov resonance can be observed as a function of energy for a fixed $a$.

In Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_broad_resonance}, we show the evolution of the first Efimov resonance peak
from finite energy to zero energy as $|a|$ increases (see also Ref.~\cite{Esry2007}).
These recombination probabilities were calculated numerically.
Interestingly, when a peak moves below zero energy, an oscillatory structure with one full period appears
in $\cal P$ for $E>E_{\rm b}$ as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_broad_resonance}(b).
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,scale=0.9]{k3_res_2pan_mod}
\end{center}
\caption{The three-body recombination probability ${\cal P} (a<0)$ for three identical atoms
with the mass of Cs when a resonant Efimov trimer state is
above the three-body break-up threshold~\cite{Unit}.
(a) As $|a|$ increases, the resonant peak moves towards the break-up threshold.
(b) Increasing $|a|$ further after the Efimov state becomes bound, the resonant peak disappears,
leaving an oscillatory structure behind.}
\label{fig_recomb_broad_resonance}
\end{figure}

To understand the oscillations revealed in these numerical results,
we employ the analytical model introduced in Sec.~\ref{Method}. Matching the hyperradial wavefunctions at finite energies
gives
\begin{eqnarray}
\fl {\cal R}=\left|\left(\frac{(J_2'\!-\!i N_2')[J_{i s_0}\!-\!\tan\delta_1N_{i s_0}]}
{(J_2\!-\!i N_2)[J_{i s_0} '\!-\!\tan\delta_1 N_{i s_0} ']}-1\right)\!\!
\left(\frac{(J_2'+i N_2')[J_{i s_0}\!-\!\tan\delta_1N_{i s_0}]}
             {(J_2+i N_2)[J_{i s_0}'\!-\!\tan\delta_1N_{i s_0} ']}-1\right)^{-1}\right|^2.
\label{Eq:FiniteEnergy}
\end{eqnarray}
The primes denote derivatives, and the Bessel
functions should be evaluated at $R=\beta|a|$.
When the scattering energy satisfies $k\ll 1/r_0$, $\tan\delta_1$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\fl
\tan\delta_1\approx\frac{\sin(\phi+i\eta-i\pi s_0/2)}{\cos(\phi+i\eta+i \pi s_0/2)},
\qquad
\tan\phi=\tan[\Phi-s_0\ln(k r_0)+\varphi_0+\pi/4],
\label{Eq:PhaseShift}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\tan\varphi_0=\frac{\mathrm{Re}[\Gamma(i s_0)]-\mathrm{Im}[\Gamma(i s_0)]}{\mathrm{Re}[\Gamma(i s_0)]+\mathrm{Im}[\Gamma(i s_0)]}.
\end{eqnarray}
For identical bosons, $\varphi_0$=$-0.15418\pi$.
Equations~(\ref{Eq:FiniteEnergy}) and (\ref{Eq:PhaseShift}) give a complete universal expression for $K_3$ in terms of the scattering length and energy.
This analytic expression is evaluated and plotted in Fig.~\ref{Fig:K3:aN:En}. In (a), the evolution of the resonant peaks with energy can be clearly seen, but the oscillatory structure
--- which should appear at fixed, large $|a|$ as a function of $E$ ---
is essentially invisible due to its relatively small modulation compared to the resonant peaks.  Figure~\ref{Fig:K3:aN:En}(b) replots the data to better
show the energy-dependent oscillations.
Note that the fine structure parallel to the $E_{\rm b}$ line is an artifact of the discontinuity of our
idealized potential in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:NarrowPotential}) at $R=\beta|a|$.
The connection between the Efimov resonances and the energy-dependent
oscillations is evident in Fig.~\ref{Fig:K3:aN:En}(b). The peak of an oscillation
appears approximately at the energy where
the zero-energy position of each Efimov resonance  intersects the $E_{\rm b}$ line. The rate oscillates through a full period when an Efimov
resonance moves below the
three-body breakup threshold.  Therefore, the number of bound Efimov states can be directly read from the number of full oscillations.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.5in]{K3Density_aN_2Pan}
\end{center}
\caption{The universal dependence of $K_3$ on scattering length and energy for identical bosons with the mass of $^7$Li
with $J$=0 as evaluated from Eqs.~(\ref{Eq_K3Def}) and (\ref{Eq:FiniteEnergy}). (a) The rate scaled as $K_3E^2/a^4$
to show better the resonant peaks. (b) The same data scaled as $K_3E^2$ to emphasize the energy-dependent oscillation
described by Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}) which can be seen in the upper right half of the plot.
Note that the fine structure parallel to the $E_{\rm b}$ line is an artifact of the discontinuity of our
idealized potential in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:NarrowPotential}) at $R=\beta|a|$.
In both plots, $\Phi$=$\pi/2$, $\eta$=$0.02$ and $r_0$=15 a.u..
}
\label{Fig:K3:aN:En}
\end{figure}

Remarkably, when $\eta\ll 1$ (corresponding to a small probability for an inelastic transition at small $R$ as is expected),
Eqs.~(\ref{Eq:FiniteEnergy}) and (\ref{Eq:PhaseShift}) reduce to a simple form
in the energy range $E_{\rm b}\ll E\ll E_{\rm s}$ ($kr_0\ll 1$):
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal P}=\frac{2\sinh(\pi s_0)\sinh(2\eta)}{\cosh(\pi s_0)+\sin[-2s_0\ln(kr_0)+2\Phi-2\varphi_0]},
\label{eqn_prob_broad}
\end{eqnarray}
It should be noted that for $E>E_{\rm b}$ the parameters $\Phi$ and $\eta$ will depend on energy
in general. However, for energies $E\ll E_{\rm s}$ the change in the shape of the short-range hyperradial wavefunction is small since $E_{\rm s}$ is still
small compared to the depth of the potential,
therefore both $\Phi$ and $\eta$ can be treated as energy-independent quantities.

The log-periodicity of the energy-dependent oscillations in Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}) with period $e^{2\pi/s_0}$ provides the clear connection
with Efimov physics.  Like the energy-dependent oscillations observed for $a>0$~\cite{Wang2010},
the overall phase of the oscillations does not depend on $a$ as is clearly shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:K3:aN:En}(b).
Therefore, as $|a|$ increases, the lower limit of validity $E_{\rm b}=1/\mu a^2$
of Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}) decreases and
more oscillations will appear towards the zero-energy limit.  At the same time, those that
have already appeared at higher energies remain unchanged.

These oscillations might thus provide one experimentally accessible means of measuring multiple Efimov features.
In the experiments observing the Efimov effect via zero-energy three-body
recombination~\cite{Kraemer2006,Zaccanti2009,Pollack2009,Ottenstein2008,Huckans2009,Barontini2009,Gross2009,Williams2009},
the temperature must be kept below $E_{\rm b}$ as $|a|$ is increased~\cite{ThermDIncao2004}.
This restriction makes the observation of multiple Efimov features quite challenging.
However, if the Efimov features are measured via the energy-dependent oscillations, the experimental requirements might be less demanding.
Furthermore, the $a$-independence of Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}) allows the energy-dependent oscillations to be measured
at different fixed $a$, provided that $E\geq E_{\rm b}$ ($k|a|\geq 1$).
Because the modulation of the oscillations is small compared to the resonant peaks, though,
the scattering length where the measurements are carried out should be chosen to be far away from resonant peaks.

Our results apply equally well to three-body systems $BBX$ with two identical bosons,
assuming $a\gg r_0$ is the $B$+$X$ scattering length.
All that changes is the value of $s_0$~\cite{MassDIncao2006}.
The density of Efimov states in such systems grows with the mass ratio $\gamma=m_B/m_X$
since $s_0$ grows with $\gamma$, decreasing the spacing $e^{2 \pi/s_0}$ of energy-dependent Efimov
features~\cite{MassDIncao2006,Efimov1973}.
As can be seen from Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}), however, the relative size of the modulation of $\cal P$ is
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta {\cal P}=2\frac{\cosh(\pi s_0)}{\sinh^2(\pi s_0)}
\label{Eq:RelMod}
\end{eqnarray}
which increases with decreasing $s_0$.
The two
effects thus conflict: to see more Efimov features requires a large $s_0$ ($\gamma$), but seeing them clearly requires a small $s_0$ ($\gamma$).
Figure~\ref{fig_recomb_broad_oscillations}(a) shows ${\cal P}\propto E^2 K_3$ [see Eq.~(\ref{Eq_K3Def})] for model systems chosen to have mass ratios matching representative
atomic systems. For three identical Cs atoms, Eq.~(\ref{Eq:RelMod}) predicts $\Delta{\cal P}$
to be 0.170; for two identical Cs atoms and one Cs atom in a different spin state, the ratio is 1.37;
and for two identical Cs atoms with one Li atom, the ratio is only 0.00789.  The predicted spacing between features is 515,
3.9$\times$10$^6$, and 23.8, respectively.  The analytic expression, Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}), was fit to the numerical data by adjusting
only $\Phi$ and $\eta$ and is also plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_broad_oscillations}.  It agrees quite well
 with the numerical results.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,scale=0.9]{massdep_mod}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) The three-body recombination probability ${\cal P}(E)$ for three identical Cs atoms,
two identical Cs atoms with one Cs atom in a
different spin state (Cs$'$) and two identical Cs atoms with one Li atom.
The symbols are numerical results, and the black solid lines are the analytical result from Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}).
The analytical curves are only shown over their range of validity, $E_{\rm b}\leq E \leq E_{\rm s}$,
but $E_{\rm s}$ is off the scale.
For CsCsCs, $a=2\times 10^5$~a.u.; for CsCsCs$'$, $a=6\times 10^5$~a.u.; and
for CsCsLi, $a=10^5$~a.u.
(b) The recombination probability after thermal averaging.
To make clear the comparison of the relative modulation in the oscillations from the three different
systems, ${\cal P}$ for CsCsCs$'$ and CsCsLi has been multiplied by 5 and 1.9, respectively.
}
\label{fig_recomb_broad_oscillations}
\end{figure}

A practical balance of contrast versus spacing can likely be found by first determining the
smallest contrast experimentally observable.
This choice makes $s_0$ as large as experimentally tolerable and thus
gives the smallest spacing between features.  For instance, if a relative modulation of
$\Delta{\cal P}$=10\% can be observed, then from Eq.~(\ref{Eq:RelMod}) we find $s_0=1.1748$.
The corresponding mass ratio is $\gamma\approx 7.1$,
and the spacing between Efimov features is 210 --- a considerable improvement over three identical bosons.

To determine whether these features are experimentally observable even in the presence of a distribution
of collision energies, we must thermally average the energy-dependent rates.
Assuming a Boltzmann distribution~\cite{Suno2003,ThermDIncao2004}, we find the results
shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_broad_oscillations}(b).
For $E_{\rm b}\leq E\leq E_{\rm s}$, the oscillatory structure in ${\cal P}$ generally becomes less clear after thermal averaging.
For $BBX$ three-body systems  where $s_0$ is small, such as CsCsCs$'$,
the oscillations are well preserved after thermal averaging, with the trade-off that the oscillation periods are huge.

\subsection{Vibrational relaxation at finite energies}

Although the relaxation rates $V_{\mathrm{rel}}$ for three identical bosons with $a>0$
resemble the $a<0$ recombination rates in the zero-energy limit~\cite{Braaten2006,ScalingDIncao2005},
they differ dramatically at higher energies. Note that zero scattering energy now
refers to the atom-molecule breakup threshold rather than
the three-body breakup threshold as for recombination.
The usual two-body Wigner threshold law gives a constant rate for atom-molecule collisions
in the threshold regime $E<E_{\mathrm{th}}$ where generally $E_{\mathrm{th}}\approx E_{\rm b}$.
An exception arises when the zero energy value
of $V_{\mathrm{rel}}$ is near a resonant peak
which occurs when the atom-molecule scattering length $a_{\rm am}$ is much larger than $r_0$.
In this case $E_{\mathrm{th}}\approx 1/\mu_{\rm am} a_{\mathrm{am}}^2$, where $\mu_{\rm am}$
is the atom-molecule reduced mass.
For $E_{\rm th}\leq E \leq E_{\rm s}$, $V_{\mathrm{rel}}$ scales like
\begin{eqnarray}
V_{\rm rel}=C k^{-1}.
\label{Eq:BroadVrel}
\end{eqnarray}
The constant $C$ depends on the short-range physics and is related to the short-range parameter $\eta$. But different from three-body recombination,
the relaxation rates does not show any oscillations in our numerical calculations.

\section{Three-body inelastic processes near narrow Feshbach resonances}

Following Ref.~\cite{WangPrepNarrow} , we model a three-body system near a narrow Feshbach resonance by using pairwise two-body potentials
that support an $s$-wave shape resonance.  We accomplish this by adding a barrier to our model two-body potentials, ensuring that the resonance has
a large, negative effective range $r_{\rm eff}$~\cite{Petrov2004,Gogolin2008}.
For such $r_{\rm eff}$, the potential $W_{\nu\nu}(R)$ in the region $r_0 \ll R\ll |r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$
is replaced by a weak, non-universal Coulomb potential~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.
For identical bosons, when $|a|\gg |r_{\mathrm{eff}}|\gg r_0$ the new length scale
produces a $1/|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$
suppression in the zero-energy inelastic rates that lead to a deeply bound two-body state~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.

This new length scale in $W_{\nu\nu}(R)$ introduces another energy scale for the universal behavior
when the wavelength is short enough to sample
the three-body potentials and couplings in $r_0 \ll R\ll |r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$.
The new energy scale is $E_{\rm eff}=1/\mu |\alpha r_{\mathrm{eff}}|^2$ and defines a new
energy region: $E_{\rm eff} < E< E_{\rm s}$. The parameter $\alpha\approx 0.28$
plays a role similar to $\beta$ and
was determined in Ref.~\cite{WangPrepNarrow} by fitting the universal formula for $K_3$ near
a narrow Feshbach resonance to numerical results near zero-energy.
Although it was determined at zero energy, it should apply at non-zero energies as well.
Where we treated these processes at zero energy in Ref.~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}, we will now find the
non-zero energy expressions for their rates.

\subsection{Three-body recombination at finite energies}

We calculate $K_3$ for identical bosons for $a<0$ numerically up to the short-range energy $E_{\rm s}$.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_narrow}(a), the recombination probability ${\cal P}$
at $E\approx E_{\rm s}$ has only a
relatively weak dependence on $r_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and $a$,
since in our model the short-range behavior does not have strong dependence on $r_{\mathrm{eff}}$ or $a$.
From our numerical calculations, we deduce that the energy dependence changes to ${\cal P}\propto k$ in the energy range $E_{\mathrm{eff}}< E< E_{\rm s}$.
Therefore as the energy gets smaller, the recombination probability decreases monotonically
until $E=E_{\mathrm{eff}}$, where oscillatory behavior similar to Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}) takes over.
Compared to a broad resonance ($r_{\rm eff}$=$-20$~a.u. in the figure),
${\cal P}$ is suppressed by a factor of $1/|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ around $E\approx E_{\mathrm{eff}}$ before it
connects to the oscillatory behavior at lower energy.
Considering that $K_3$ at a fixed $a$ has the same energy dependence for both broad and narrow Feshbach resonances
for $E< E_{\mathrm{eff}}$,
the recombination rates at lower energies are all suppressed by $1/|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,scale=0.9]{k3_narrow_1}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) The three-body recombination probability ${\cal P} (a<0)$ for identical bosons near narrow Feshbach resonances with $r_{\mathrm{eff}}$=$-$20, $-$200, and $-$2000~a.u..
For all cases, $a$=$-10^5$~a.u., and $r_0\approx 50$~a.u..
The symbols are the numerical results, and the black solid lines are from Eq~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}) and (\ref{NarrowParam}).
The analytical curves are only shown over their range of validity, $E_{\rm b}\leq E \leq E_{\rm eff}$.
Equation~(\ref{Eq:SimpleScaling}) is also shown for $r_{\rm eff}=-2000$~a.u. with
${\rm Im}A$ fitted to be $1.1\times 10^{-4}$~a.u. The parameters ${\rm Re}A$ are directly
calculated from the short-range three-body potentials under the single-channel approximation,
giving ${\rm Re}A$=50, 57, and 180~a.u. for $r_{\rm eff}=-20$, --200, and --2000~a.u., respectively.
The parameter $\alpha$ is then obtained by fitting to be $0.25$, consistent with Ref~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.
(b) The recombination probability from numerical calculations after thermal averaging.
}
\label{fig_recomb_narrow}
\end{figure}

To understand this observed $1/|r_{\rm eff}|$ suppression,
we follow the analytical procedure introduced in Ref.~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.
The Coulomb-like potential in the region $|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|\ll R\ll |a|$ takes the form
\begin{eqnarray}
W_{\nu\nu}\approx \frac{c_0}{2\mu |r_{\rm eff}|R},
\end{eqnarray}
with $c_0$ a non-universal constant on the order of unity that can be positive or negative~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.  We found
in \cite{WangPrepNarrow} that simply setting $W_{\nu\nu}$ to zero gave analytic results consistent with our numerical results
and is justified by the fact that $W_{\nu\nu}$ is not universal, changing from attractive to repulsive, while the numerical rates are universal.
To derive analytic expressions for the rates that connect most closely with those for
a broad resonance, we write the wave function in the region $r_0 \ll R \ll |r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
F_{\nu}= C\sin(kR+\delta_{\rm eff}).
\end{eqnarray}
For $E\ll E_{\rm s}$, we can use a low-energy expansion for $\delta_{\rm eff}$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta_{\rm eff}\approx-A k,
\label{Eq:ReffScaling}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have introduced the complex three-body short-range scattering length $A$ to parametrize the
physics at $R\leq r_0$~\cite{WangPrepNarrow}.
The recombination probability $\cal P$ can thus be derived in the same fashion
as the broad Feshbach resonance case.
In the energy range $E_{\rm b}< E< E_{\rm eff}$, this gives the same results as Eq.~(\ref{eqn_prob_broad}),
with $r_0$ replaced by $\alpha|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ and the parameters $\Phi$ and $\eta$ connected to
the real and imaginary parts of $A$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tan\Phi=2s_0\frac{\alpha-\mathrm{Re}A/|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|}{\alpha+\mathrm{Re}A/|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|}, \qquad
\sinh\eta=2\left|\frac{\mathrm{Im}A}{r_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right|\sin2\Phi.
\label{NarrowParam}
\end{eqnarray}
These analytical results are shown together with the numerical data in Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_narrow}(a).
The deviation between the numerical and analytical results for $r_{\rm eff}$=$-20$ and $-200$~a.u. is
because the universal requirement $|r_{\rm eff}|\gg r_0$ is not well satisfied.

For $E_{\mathrm{eff}}<E<E_s$, the recombination probability ${\cal P}$ has a simple scaling behavior
independent of the scattering length:
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal P}=4k|\mathrm{Im}A|,
\label{Eq:SimpleScaling}
\end{eqnarray}
in agreement with the numerical results.

To check the robustness of these oscillations for a thermal distribution,
we show the thermally averaged ${\cal P}$ with large $|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ in Fig.~\ref{fig_recomb_narrow}(b).
It can be seen that although the modulation of the oscillations at
low temperature is reduced, the ${\cal P}\propto k$ scaling for $E_{\mathrm{eff}}<E<E_s$ is essentially unchanged.

\subsection{Vibrational relaxation at finite energies}

The behavior of vibrational relaxation for identical bosons with $a>0$ changes in the same energy range
as for three-body recombination: $E_{\rm eff}\leq E\leq E_{\rm s}$.
Figure~\ref{fig_relax_narrow} shows that as $|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ increases,
instead of the $k^{-1}$ scaling seen in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:BroadVrel}) for broad Feshbach resonances, a plateau region appears in $V_{\mathrm{rel}}$,
extending from $E_{\rm s}$ down to $E_{\rm eff}$. This change also
connects to the $1/|r_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ suppression of the rates near zero energy and can be used for observing the effective-range effect near narrow
Feshbach resonances.  Further, this plateau behavior can be derived in the same manner as Eq.~(\ref{Eq:SimpleScaling}).

Since the value of the plateau has only a weak dependence on $r_{\rm eff}$ and
extends down to $E_{\rm eff}$, the larger
$|r_{\rm eff}|$ is, the broader the plateau will be.
And, because $V_{\rm rel}$ for different $r_{\rm eff}$ has similar values for $E\approx E_s$,
the fact that the plateau extends down to $E_{\rm eff}$
will make $V_{\mathrm{rel}}$ smaller than for a broad resonance
by a factor of $r_0/|r_{\rm eff}|$ for all energies $E< E_{\rm eff}$.
In other words, we expect $C$ in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:BroadVrel}) to be proportional to 1/$|r_{\rm eff}|$.
The experimental observation of a plateau region in the energy dependence
of $V_{\rm rel}$ will show the universal physics pertaining to a narrow Feshbach resonance.
Moreover, the energy where $V_{\rm rel}$ changes from plateau to $k^{-1}$ scaling can roughly give the value
of $|r_{\rm eff}|$.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[clip=true,scale=0.9]{vrel_1}
\end{center}
\caption{The three-body relaxation rate $V_{\mathrm{rel}}$ for identical bosons near
narrow Feshbach resonances with $a$=$10^4$~a.u. and $r_{\mathrm{eff}}$=--200, --1000. and --2000~a.u.
The rates are shown for collision energies above the three-body break-up threshold, where no
resonant peaks are present so that the energy dependence is more easily seen.
The symbols are the numerical results, and the back solid lines are the thermally averaged results.
}
\label{fig_relax_narrow}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig_relax_narrow} we also show the thermally averaged relaxation rates.
It can be seen that the plateaus in $E_{\mathrm{eff}}\leq E\leq E_{\rm s}$
are not dramatically changed by a thermal distribution.

\section{Higher partial wave contributions}

To determine whether the energy-dependent features we have described will be observable, the contributions of higher partial
waves must be considered as they can easily obscure features away from threshold.
Key to this consideration is the fact that three-body recombination ($a<0$) and relaxation ($a>0$)
are dominated by transitions at $R\leq r_0$.
For the three-body systems where the Efimov effect does not occur for $J>0$ --- for instance, identical bosons
and $BBX$ systems with $\gamma\leq 38.61$~\cite{MassDIncao2006} ---
the effective hyperspherical potentials are all repulsive for $R>r_0$, leading
to substantial suppression of the inelastic rates when $E \ll E_{\rm s}$.
Following the same method used for deriving the energy dependence above,
we find that the recombination probabilities for $J>0$ scale like $(k r_0)^{2p_0}$,
where $p_0$ is a universal constant that increases with $J$~\cite{MassDIncao2006}.
For identical bosons, $p_0$ is always larger than $2$.
For $E\ll E_{\rm s}$ ($kr_0\ll 1$), ${\cal P} {(J>0)}$ are all negligible.
Moreover, we have confirmed
this conclusion for a few cases numerically.
For vibrational relaxation, there is similar suppression for $J>0$ contributions.

\section{Summary}

We have studied inelastic three-body collisions and have found that they behave universally
for collision energies well out of the ultracold regime --- up to nearly a milli-Kelvin in the examples shown.
Moreover, we have identified much of the universal energy dependence as a manifestation of the Efimov effect,
opening up new dimensions on Efimov physics.  Significantly, we have been able to derive analytic expressions,
which were motivated and verified by numerical calculations, for these rates in terms of a few parameters.
And, we have done so for both broad and narrow resonances.  Our study thus brings universal three-body physics
out of the ultracold regime, suggesting even
richer universal physics can be discovered both theoretically and experimentally.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank J.P. D'Incao for early discussions of this problem.
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
Y. W. also acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY0970114.

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Any county not desiring to work its workhouse prisoners may, through its county mayor and by direction of the county legislative body, contract with any other county for the custody and employment of such prisoners. The prisoners shall then be worked and guarded by the county contracting to take them, and shall be subject to any rules that may be established by the workhouse commissioners of such county. T.C.A. § 41-2-124.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Words cannot express how much I love The Charted Cheese Wheel from Popchart Labs. This illustrated collection of 66 cheeses is broken down by animal and texture. In addition to just being wonderful to look at, it's a great idea-generator for future wine and cheese parties. I'm getting mad cravings for Pont-l'Évêque and Pecorino Sardo just glancing at the chart.
The brilliant designers over at Popchart Labs never stop coming up with infographic prints I want to buy. Thinking this Cocktail Chart of Film & Literature would also look nice in the office or living room.
Anyone who visits my apartment is able to tell immediately that I'm a little obsessed with maps. I have maps everywhere: framed and hung on walls, on postcards tacked to my office bulletin board, even as Jenga tile magnets on my fridge. And if my map-making design class in May goes well, I'll have a few hand-drawn ones to add to the walls too.
This embroidered map is a recent addition to my map decor, to show a little love for my hometown in light of recent events. It's from Vintage Refashioned on Etsy, who is donating part of the proceeds to the Red Cross.
Right now the hearted map is just propped up on the bookcase unframed, but it might move around a bit. And I may need to get the matching Brooklyn one too.
I recently saw these New York neighborhood plates on West Elm's site and fell in love immediately. The whimsical black-and-white line illustrations, drawn by artist James McNally, depict Dumbo, Coney Island, Central Park, and Chelsea. They remind me of both old Saul Steinberg illustrations for the New Yorker and vintage children's books.
If he does a part II series with Park Slope and Red Hook plates, I would seriously consider using them as wall decor.


text:
AHI Commemorates the 81st Anniversary of the Destruction of Smyrna by Ataturk and calls for compensation for the victims of Turkey's war crimes
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: ANGELIKI VASSILIOU
September 8, 2003 No. 40 (202) 785-8430
AHI Commemorates the 81st Anniversary of the
Destruction of Smyrna by Ataturk and calls for compensation for the victims of Turkey's war crimes
WASHINGTON, DC—AHI commemorates on September 9, 2003 the 81st anniversary of the destruction of Smyrna by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the killing of over 100,000 Greeks and Armenians by Turkish troops and calls for compensation for the victims and their heirs of Turkey's war crimes.
AHI commemorated last year's 80th anniversary on September 9, 2002 with a noon forum featuring the leading authority on the destruction of Smyrna, author and scholar Dr. Marjorie Housepian Dobkin. Dr. Dobkin is the author of the Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City (Faber & Faber, London, 1972, previously published in 1971 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, as The Smyrna Affair), which provides the first in-depth investigative account of the horrific events of September 1922 and the subsequent cover-up by Turkey and by the Western Allies, who had defeated Turkey and Germany during World War I. Smyrna 1922 was on the New York Times list of its "100 Notable Books" of 1971, and in 1972 was considered the "Book of the Year" by the Sunday Times of London. Lord Kinross, the author of Ataturk has, in a review, called the book definitive.
In her remarks at the AHI Noon Forum, Dr. Dobkin vividly presented the atrocities committed by the Turkish troops:
"Within hours of Ataturk's victorious entry into the beautiful, thriving and predominantly Greek city of Smyrna (now Izmir), Turkish soldiers began the killing and raping of Greeks and Armenians, and the looting and pillaging of their homes and shops. Over 100,000 Greek and Armenian civilians were killed by the Turks.
"After breaking down the doors and entering Armenian and Greek homes house by house (the Greek and Armenian quarters overlapped), Ataturk's soldiers killed and raped the inhabitants, and emptied the furnishings into waiting trucks. This was the finale of the Armenian Genocide of the First World War when close to two million Armenian men, women and children had in 1915-1916 been dispatched to their deaths by the Young Turks from all points in Turkey—except Smyrna.
"In the harbor of Smyrna stood a flotilla of twenty-one warships: French cruisers and destroyers, British destroyers and a battleship, an Italian battleship and three American destroyers. All were on orders from their respective foreign offices and military commanders to refrain from giving aid and comfort to the Greeks and Armenians who were considered enemies of the Turks. The ships were on hand to 'protect their own interests only.' Allen Dulles, head of the near-East division at the U.S. State Department, gave the order, which had been passed down from the Secretary of State, to the American ships through Admiral Bristol in Constantinople.
"Days later, when the wind turned and began blowing toward the sea in the record heat of that September, the stench was so strong on the streets and in the victims' homes from the remains of those massacred in that part of Smyrna, that even the large battleships had to move back 80 yards. It was at this point that Ataturk's soldiers, led by their officers, set the city to the torch.
"Thus, one of the most magnificent cities on earth as attested to by travelers over the millennia, the city where Homer was born and whose magnificent harbor the Romans treasured so much that 'they treated the Smyrneans kindly so as to preserve to themselves the finest port in Asia,' was totally destroyed, its churches and mansions burned to the ground. The Greek and Armenians citizens, all well-to-do, were killed and those remaining were pauperized, and the large, immensely wealthy European population was gotten rid of by Ataturk, the new leader of Turkey who had said 'Turkey for the Turks.' He was aided by the very nations who had shortly before been enemies of Turkey and were now, evidently betraying Greece in a monumental turnaround, owing to the oil of the Mosul (now Iraq) that Ataturk had inherited from the Ottoman Empire, 'déjà vue' all over again."
We call for compensation for the victims and their heirs of Turkey's war crimes.
Dr. Marjorie Housepian Dobkin's book is available for purchase. Please contact Angeliki Vassiliou at (202) 785-8430 or at angeliki@ahiworld.org. The price is $20. For general information about the activities of AHI, please see our Web site at http://www.ahiworld.org.
The American Hellenic Institute (AHI) and its affiliate organizations, the American Hellenic Institute Public Affairs Committee (AHIPAC), the American Hellenic Institute Foundation (AHIF), and the AHI Business Network, a division of the AHI, are working together under one roof, to provide a joint program for strengthening United States relations with Greece and Cyprus and within the American Hellenic community.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La Veranda Beach Resort Phu Quoc
La Veranda Resort Phu Quoc MGallery by Sofitel is not your average beach resort. Imagine a picturesque French colonial style manor house perched on the edge of a white sand beach. An inviting scent of lemongrass wafts from the resort's tropical gardens as the staff hurries over to bring you cooling hand towels and pandan-infused ice tea. An endless horizon of clear blue ocean and sky awaits you.
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Each of the Garden View rooms—Premier or Premier Executive—have private terraces or balconies with panoramic views.
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Staff dressed in immaculate white ao dai tunics are readily available to welcome you to the resort, assist you at the restaurants, bring towels when needed and think of your every need (often before you do). With only 70 rooms in the resort, La Veranda is a true boutique property whose petite size aids in the feeling of personalised attention from the staff.
Discreet but attentive, the staff at La Veranda gets top marks for excellence.
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Le Jardin is a casual chic dining option located on the lawn and beach deck. Surrounded by the phenomenal view, the restaurant is an ideal choice for couples looking for a romantic oceanfront experience or for families who would like a little more room for their barefoot children to play on the grass between courses. International options including healthy salads and copious main courses are sure to please all.
Le Bar is set to become a stand-alone venue on the island for nightly live music entertainment in a classy lounge setting. Expertly crafted cocktails and a wide selection of wines and spirits can be enjoyed along with the seductive ocean breeze.
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The concept of the TĨNH Wellness Sanctuary is to create a haven of health and relaxation on Phu Quoc island that doesn't exist anywhere else in Vietnam. Inspired by the famous wellness retreats located in Thailand, India and France, La Veranda's TĨNH Wellness Sanctuary will feature packages for complete renewal in calm and luxurious surroundings. These packages are called "journeys" for a reason. More than a simple day of relaxation, each package will take your body on a voyage through organic dining, health and wellness classes, rejuvenating signature treatments and personal assessments to help guests get the most out of their trip, and to help maintain health routines post-vacation.
Stand-out features in the 1500 square metre sanctuary include access to the resort's organic garden; a juice bar with cold-pressed juices, green smoothies and health tonics; full room and board with wellness cuisine especially created for detoxing; classic treatment rooms plus spacious and elegant VIP rooms that span 55 square metres each; full spectrum infrared saunas; Swedish saunas, steam rooms and hydrotherapy; organic beauty salon & nail bar; and wellness library. In addition, to these top of the line inclusions there is also a salt water swimming pool available for guests.
Other Notable Features at La Veranda Resort Phu Quoc
Very Important Kids
In addition to the aforementioned children's menus, La Veranda resort has a host of activities and special touches that are guaranteed to make any kid feel like a star. Pint-sized spa robes and sandals are included in the rooms so that the mini-mes can feel just as taken care of as mom and dad.
Turn-down service offers a host of nightly surprises such as rubber duckies in the bath, teddy bears on the bed, and personalised cookies and bottles of chocolate milk at bedtime. There is also a selection of lawn games near the pool (which has a large shallow section for parental peace of mind). The games include massive lawn checkers and tic-tac-toe in addition to croquet and horseshoes. The vibe is Alice in Wonderland on a beach vacation.
La Veranda Resort follows the guidelines of AccorHotel's Planet 21 sustainable development program. The program is built around 21 commitments to the environment and community such as reduced water and plastic waste, environmentally-friendly lighting, CSR responsibilities and more.
Grass straws are used instead of plastic throughout the resort, towels and linens are changed only every three days or at the guest's request to reduce water waste, and the pool is purified with salt rather than harsh chemicals. In addition, the resort has created an on-site organic garden fertilised with composted food waste from the restaurants.
La Veranda's lost in time architecture, service details, luxurious amenities and spectacular location make this beach resort a destination that should be on every world traveller's bucket list.


This wounder-full DRACOS 223 WYLDE 16 inch AR 15 Barrel just got a whole lot better with this package deal including the Dracos Bolt Carier, and MACH series Charging Handle. The DRACOS is a lightweight proprietary composite barrel with a thin aluminum jacket, They are know for their incredible accuracy, Reduced Barrel Whip and the ability dissipate heat to dramatically extend the barrels life. The Bolt Carrier is a Falkor .223/5.56 Bolt and Carrier. The charging handle is also a Falkor Mach 15 Ambi Tactical charging handle, designed to cut down blow-back during suppressed fire. The DRACOS 223 WYLDE 16 inch Barrel, Bolt, Charging Handle Kits are in Stock and ready to ship.
DRACOS 223 WYLDE 16 inch AR-15 Barrels come with a 100% money back Accuracy guarantee and a LIFETIME WARRANTY on the barrel. These Barrels are designed to last a lifetime. The warranty covers functionality issues, not standard wear and tear or cosmetic damage due to mishandling. This DRACOS 223 WYLDE 16 inch Barrel, Bolt, Charging Handle kit was put together to take the guess work out of matching all the components for that perfect AR-15 Rifle build.


Every summer Ben Verdery comes to Maui to give his classical guitar masterclass. You have to audition to get in. The final concert is free to the public.
"Are you going to the concert tonight?" asked my colleague who lives in South Maui.
"What concert?" It was a Wednesday, too early for the Saturday 10 August concert upcountry. Usually I'm the first to hear about a classical music concert on Maui.
The name needs no further explanation. When I first searched for "classical guitar" on Maui, as early as 2007, when I visited with Robert Bekkers to give our piano guitar duo concert at Makawao Union Church, I found the classical guitarist from Yale University who had been visiting Maui every single summer.
Summer is when I leave Maui for the rest of the world — all except last summer and this. I had completely forgotten about my quest for Mr Verdery.
I walked quickly to my office, worried that I might have missed the opportunity to finally meet the maestro. I searched online and only managed to find out about the 23rd July 2013 concert of Ben Verdery and his teacher, the composer and guitarist Frederic Hand at the Makawao Union Church. I wrote to John Olson to find details of Wednesday 31st July concert and immediately compiled a short invitation to send to 602 of my colleagues and students, everyone who had subscribed to an internal mailing list.
This concert was not advertised. It was a public performance of all 19 students who had auditioned and gotten accepted to the week-long program taught by Mr Verdery and associates, the 14th year since it began as an annual event — a well-kept secret, I concluded.
The famous church next to the Pacific Ocean, at the southern most tip of Maui's beaches — Makena, as the area is called, has excellent acoustics. I had attended two concerts previously and firmly believe that it should be a permanent place for live classical music.
That evening, I saw the guitarists warming up outdoors, on the church grounds around sunset. Various sized shoes were lined up outside the entrance, an invitation for me to take off mine. The polished wooden floors looked and felt clean and shiny — "let's keep it that way," I whispered to myself. There was an atmosphere of familiarity and comfort, as though the parents, friends, and families of the guitar students had sat and watched the "guitar summer school" take place all week. It was not difficult to spot Mr Verdery, for he seemed the most relaxed of all.
The audience were not the only ones that decided to go barefoot. Every guitarist on stage, the composer / conductors, and Mr Verdery himself had bared their feet. [Note: I had tried to get everyone who performed and came to our house concerts in Utrecht, Netherlands to take off their shoes — but some people simply refused to!] There was a kind of nakedness and intimacy as well as respect for the owners and property when we sat without our shoes. Later I realized that barefoot was necessary to prevent unnecessary noise. The guitar is a soft instrument after all.
The entire masterclass, who called themselves the Maui Honu Guitar Orchestra, opened the evening with a piece composed and conducted by Oahu-based Ian O'Sullivan. Now teaching at UH Manoa, Ian O'Sullivan had studied with Mr Verdery as a summer student on Maui before winning a full scholarship to Yale for his Master's Degree. The title of this guitar ensemble work, Waialua, is the name of an area in the famous north shore of Oahu. The piece is classical music with a Hawaiian feel. I would love to hear it again!
Thereafter, guitarists appeared on stage two or three at a time, taking their turn performing solo guitar pieces of Piazzolla, Dowland, Pujol, Koshkin, Powell, Domeniconi, Villa-Lobos, Hand, and others. Everyone, except the Pacific Ocean through the open doors and windows, quieted down for this guitar concert. This togetherness in silent attention reminded me of another occasion, the Katona Twins in Warmond, Netherlands. You really have to know guitar to know your manners — no rustling of the programme notes, whispering, or other movements that create unnecessary noise. You could literally feel everyone's concentration at hearing every single note.
Once upon a time, I heard guitar music every single day. Nowadays, I hear it via Facetime, telephone, CD, or radio. Thus it was a very special evening to hear 13 solo guitar pieces, 3 guitar duets, and 3 guitar ensemble works. It brought back memories of just how intimate guitar music is.
The last piece deserved an encore. Mr Verdery introduced "Start Now" as a piece originally for duo and then trio and then quartet. Towards the end, out of the blue, Mr Verdery whipped out a harmonica and joined the ensemble. It's a piece you could tap to, dance to, and feel one with the music. Encore!
On Sunday 19th September 2010, we classical musicians will once again compete with the famous "Dam to Dam." I say we will compete WITH not compete IN this "Dam tot Dam" because we are competing for the attention of the audience and the logistics of getting to the church on time. The Oosterkerk, like other central attractions, will not be reachable by private car or bus. Thus it's vitally important that anyone what wants to attend our concerts know just how to get to these two concert venues with respect to the marathon.
I say we will compete WITH not compete IN this "Dam tot Dam" because we are competing for the attention of the audience and the logistics of getting to the church on time. The Oosterkerk, like other central attractions, will not be reachable by private car or bus. The main roads will be closed to traffic to allow the 10 English Mile, the 4-English Mile, and the mini Dam tot Dam.
We were being paid a flat fee so it did not matter how many people came. The concert itself, like this year's, was entirely FREE to the public. Unaware of this marathon, we arrived to a deserted Amsterdam that Sunday morning. We got off at Muiderport station and walked a good 15 minutes with our costumes, guitar, music stand, and music scores. It was all quiet on the eastern front (oost means east in Dutch). There was enough space for several hundred.
Only 20 people came to the free concert.
We wondered how the Funen Concert at nearby Funen Park 125 (also on the east of central Amsterdam) fared at 15:00.
This year, I will be giving a concert with French horn player Emile Kaper at 15:00 i.e. AFTER the Bekkers Piano Guitar Duo concert. Unlike the Oosterkerk concert, the Funen Concert pays the musicians based on a percentage of total revenue. This year it's 10 euros per ticket at entry. The maximum capacity is 40. Reservations are not required but requested. Thus it's vitally important that anyone what wants to attend our concerts know just how to get to these two concert venues with respect to the marathon.
The sound of the organ lured us in. Usually we never get to see the organist in action. Here with the organ in front of us, we could see and hear him.
Every morning in Florence, I wake up to the sound of church bells. It was the same in Venice a week earlier. I just need to count the number of rings to know the time. They never seem to ring when I'm deep asleep. I made a short recording to remember the sound, just before breakfast with my mom.
On this warm Sunday morning in November, I took a detour and led my mother to the church of a nearby monastery. The sound of the organ lured us in.
A young nun stood at the entrance handing out programme sheets entitled "Solennita di Tutti i Santi." On one side of the church kneeled two rows of nuns. On the other side kneeled monks. As I had never been to a church service with nuns and monks, I was curious if this was a Latin Mass, i.e. with Gregorian chants.
The Santa Maria Assunta church of the "Fraternita Monastiche di Gerusalemme" gradually filled up as time passed. The pure sound of men and women contrasted greatly against the tenor and baritone duo at the Latin Mass we had attended the previous Sunday at San Simeon Piccolo in Venice. I felt somewhat guilty that it was the music that caused me to stay for the service.
The same evening we arrived early for a concert of countertenor, oboe, and organ at the Chiesa Santa Maria de' Ricci via Del Corso. The countertenor opened with Pergolesi's Salve Regina, soaring to heaven. I explained to my mom that it's rare to hear countertenors. Indeed it was her first time.
After the countertenor, the oboist played a piece of Corelli. I couldn't find the correct Chinese word for the instrument or explain the details to my mother.
It was exciting to see the organist and his 12 digits (fingers and feet) playing one of my favourite pieces, Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor. The countertenor assisted him by turning pages and switching the registers. Usually we never get to see the organist in action. Here with the organ in front of us, we could see and hear him.
The church was only 25% full, despite the freebie. After the concert, the church custodian brought out CDs for sale. At 15 euros per CD for an unfamiliar group of musicians, I thought it was pricey. But for a free concert, to support the musicians, I was happy to pay for it.
While listening to the 50-minute CD, a live recording of flute, countertenor, and organ, I learned that the association was formed in the late 80's and the music school since 1990. The Giovani Musicisti Fiorentini offers free concerts of mainly Baroque music on organ, flute, oboe, and often with voice such as soprano and countertenor. Apparently they provide free live music every single day of the year.


text:
Ventriloquist Jim Barber & Friends
Shepherd of the Hills Playhouse Theatre, 5586 W 76 Country Boulevard Branson, MO 65616
ImageImageImageImageImageImageImageImage
Jim Barber's refreshingly unique approach to the art of ventriloquism and his incredible vocal skills have earned him the reputation as one of the most original talents performing today. He presents a show unlike any your group has witnessed before, with ingenious comical characters, toe-tapping music and hilarious audience participation!
Featured on Late Show with David Letterman / TV Apperances on NBC, CBS, ABC, Fox, A&E and TNN
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Professional Comedian-Ventriloquist, Jim Barber, has been "throwing his voice" around Branson stages for many years. He's shared the spotlight with many music legends.
In 2021, Jim is excited to bring his wacky cast of characters with special guests to the Shepherd of the Hills Playhouse Theatre.
Make advanced reservations for your group, family, or friends to enjoy the unique comedy of Jim Barber amongst the spectacular scenic beauty of The Shepherd of the Hills!
WHO IS JIM BARBER?
Before graduating college at the University of Minnesota, Jim combined his theatrical, comedic, musical, and production skills to create a unique Minneapolis-based daily television show which he produced and co-hosted for nearly two years. This led to the development of his one-man comedy show which he has performed at approximately 2,000 colleges and universities nationwide.
After a smashing three year run at the Glen Campbell Goodtime Show in Branson, Missouri, Jim went on to be the featured comedian for the Osmond Family Theater and eventually his very own venue, the Hamner Barber Theater, with illusionists The Hamners. In 2013, the artists celebrated their 10th and final season of their popular magical variety show.
TOURS:
Among Jim's numerous tours, he has had the pleasure of performing on stage with such well-known entertainers as Glen Campbell, Yakov Smirnoff, Tony Orlando, Roy Clark, Reba McEntire, Eddie Rabbitt, Crystal Gale, Debbie Reynolds, Vince Gill, Captain and Tennille, Roger Miller, Louise Mandrell, The Bellamy Brothers, The Temptations, The Osmonds, Wayne Newton, Famous People Players, Little Anthony & The Imperials and many others.
Jim has received numerous honors including the Merlin Award for "Ventriloquist of the Year" by the International Magicians Society, "Campus Comedy Entertainer of the Year" by the National Association of Campus Activities, as well as earning the Association's nomination for Entertainer of the Year five years in a row! He has also garnered the coveted "International Ventriloquist of the Year" and Showtime The Movie Channel named him the "Funniest Person in Tennessee."
Adult Tickets:
Shepherd of the Hills Playhouse Theatre
Hamners' Variety Theater, 3090 Shepherd of the Hills Expressway, Branson, MO 65616
Back to the Bee Gees
Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theatre, 1600 76 Country Blvd, Branson, MO 65616
Legends in Concert
Pierce Arrow Theater, Shepherd of the Hills Expressway, Branson, MO, USA
Pierce Arrow Decades
Baldknobbers


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A colleague had been given an iPhone 4 previously owned and used by another colleague. After too many attempts at entering the wrong PIN code, the iPhone decided to deactivate itself. I was tasked with bringing this iPhone back to life.


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> I am facing strange problem, my environment is Sun Solaris, SAS 9.1.3.
> when was the data set created and library name etc.
> for two libraries for all those parallel jobs.
> "Lock was not available for the dataset and held by some process".
> Is this can be avoid if I use sashelp.vtable and sashelp.vslib?
> to avoid these issue?
> I need your expert's advice on this to resolve this issue.
than Contents which reads information for one specific libref.
you have to reduce that to a list of tables.
> > I am facing strange problem, my environment is Sun Solaris, SAS 9.1.3.
> > when was the data set created and library name etc.
> > for two libraries for all those parallel jobs.
> > "Lock was not available for the dataset and held by some process".
> > Is this can be avoid if I use sashelp.vtable and sashelp.vslib?
> > to avoid these issue?
> > I need your expert's advice on this to resolve this issue.
> than Contents which reads information for one specific libref.
> you have to reduce that to a list of tables.


text:
Dorothy Stringer School, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 6PZ
Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Science
Our school is 'Good' (Ofsted 2018), being one of the most popular and successful 11-16 mixed comprehensive schools in the Preston Park area of Brighton, consistently over-subscribed.
Our curriculum is broad and balanced and offers many exciting opportunities for all students, both in school and out. There are tremendous extra-curricular opportunities at Dorothy Stringer through sport, performing arts, the Junior Leadership Team, Art on-going links with our partner schools in Africa, the Duke of Edinburgh award, as well as a number of other trips. In short, we believe there is something for everyone at the school.
An enthusiastic and well qualified teacher is required to teach Science to students of all abilities at this popular and successful 11-16 mixed comprehensive school. You would become a member of a successful and innovative Science Department. The ideal candidate would have a specialism in Chemistry but this is not essential.
We would welcome applications from ECT's. The successful candidate would benefit from a high level of support and continuing professional development.
Teacher of Science Person Specification.docx - 43.6 KB (opens in new tab)
Teacher of Science Job Description.doc - 822 KB (opens in new tab)
VACANCY-Teacher of Science.docx - 50 KB (opens in new tab)
Local authority maintained school, ages 11 to 16
Dorothy Stringer School website (opens in new tab)
recruitment@dorothy-stringer.co.uk
About Dorothy Stringer School
Dorothy Stringer is a vibrant, stimulating and happy community where it is safe to learn and where everyone can excel both inside and outside the classroom. We are ambitious for our students' progress and attainment and strive to create an environment that promotes a keen enjoyment of learning.
Today's students face a world that is changing at an ever-increasing pace and we have a duty to prepare them for their adult lives. We value and promote self-discipline, creativity, independence, self-confidence and the ability to work collaboratively with others.
We work to ensure that all our students achieve their full academic potential. However, we believe that school is not just about academic success: we want our students to thrive and to develop holistically. We are immensely proud of the wide range of opportunities we offer outside the classroom in sport, performance, creativity and service.
We excel at nurturing our students in a safe and happy environment and believe that schools need to care for the emotional wellbeing of their students and understand their personal needs. We have created an atmosphere where students can be themselves and they are known and supported as individuals. Students take pride in our school and in their own achievement as well as in the achievement of others.
We are a community which is based on clear moral values and where there is a sense of belonging and identity. We work hard to develop partnerships with parents and carers and to secure their interest, support and commitment. We aim to be a community to which everyone wants to belong and where all feel respected and valued.
Matt Hillier | Headteacher
Loder Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 6PZ
Science Key Stage 4 Leader
Holy Trinity CofE Secondary School, Crawley
Buckswood Drive, Crawley, West Sussex, RH11 8JE
Uckfield College
Downsview Crescent, Uckfield, East Sussex, TN22 3DJ
Teacher of Science (maternity cover)
Peacehaven Community School
Greenwich Way, Peacehaven, East Sussex, BN10 8RB
The Eastbourne Academy
Brodrick Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN22 9RQ
Copy URL to clipboard for Teacher of Science


I have tasted poverty and a bit of wealth. My friend, It is better to be wealthy! Poverty is not something to be desired at all. It is something you need to avoid by every good means possible! Why do I want you to be wealthy? You need to be wealthy in order to have more options. The rich have more options in life while the poor have few options.
However, over the years, from my experience and observation, I can tell you that the poor and the wealthy act and behave differently. Both sets of people have distinct attitude, behaviors and habits. Identifying these character contrast and applying them appropriately into your life will be invaluable if you want to become wealthy.
There is no way you can be wealthy if you keep acting the same way that made and kept you poor in the first place.
Therefore, in this article, I have put in my decades of experience and observation about the behavioral traits of the poor and the wealthy. Read these 20 habits of the poor below and learn what you need to change or start doing differently to become wealthy.
1. You don't deliberately seek financial knowledge.
Wealth creation is an art and must be deliberately learnt and the knowledge continuously updated. You should always be on the lookout for knowledge that can help you to legally increase your earning potential. Sound financial knowledge brings money and the lack of it keeps you poor. One good financial knowledge you should have is to know the difference between an asset and a liability and strive to acquire assets, especially appreciating assets. You must consciously develop and improve your financial knowledge. The poor don't do this and that is why they remain poor. They are not flexible to learn new things and modern trends in wealth creation.
See the 17 principles of wealth creation.
Many poor don't save. The spend as much as they earn or make. Those that try to save deep into their savings at the slightest financial difficulties they experience. According to Robert Kiyosaki, " the rich invest first and then spend what is left while the poor spend first and invest what is left". When you spend first, before thinking of investing, most times there would be nothing left to invest, because human wants are innumerable and inexhaustible. It is recommended that you should save at least 10 percent of your income. This is usually the first step towards wealth creation.
Save but don't stop at saving, also invest. Earn money from your savings. Don't just allow your money to sit idle in your savings account and depreciate. You can move that money to accounts that yield interest like the money market account and treasury bills account. Don't wait until you have more money to invest. Make use of the secret of compounding. Little monies invested overtime can help you build great wealth.
Some of the safest ways of investing is to put your money in a mutual fund or by buying treasury bills.
Also, see why you need to develop an investment mentality to create wealth.
4. You are trying to impress others.
The poor always try to impress people by buying expensive things that they cannot afford. Many of them borrow just live and feel big. This is common in Africa. We throw parties just to impress people. We live flamboyantly just to feel among. I have watched people spend millions just to do a wedding ceremony and after their wedding, they keep paying debts incurred during the wedding. You don't need to impress anyone in life. Just be yourself. Plan and hope for the best. Make sacrifices in the present that would give you a better future. Don't mortgage your future for present pleasures.
5. You don't have a financial plan.
Without a financial plan you will hardly make deliberate efforts to make financial progress in your life. You should know your current financial status and plan every time. Your financial plan helps you to know your immediate, medium and Long term financial goals so that you can work towards them. It also helps you to track your financial goals and how you can achieve them. It helps you to plan for major life stages and expenses like marriage, child-bearing, training your children in the university and for retirement. Each life stage, comes with unique financial challenge, but when you plan for them, you will set financial goals that will help you to be ready for them.
6. Not don't have an emergency fund.
Emergencies like job loss, accident, serious illness do occur and if you don't have an emergency fund, it can lead to financial disaster and difficulties like borrowing, premature liquidation of your investments etc. However, an emergency fund serves as a cushion for any of these emergencies. An emergency fund is money set aside in a safe and easily accessible account for major financial emergencies in your life. According to Andy Bryon, you should save three months of living expenses if you're a two-income family, and six months of living expenses if you're a one-income family.
7. You spend without a budget.
You can never save money if you don't budget. The reason is that human wants are insatiable. Expenses always arise to take up all available money you have. And if you have not defined your budget for the month or week or day, you will easily give in to the emotional pressure to spend. When it comes to money, our emotions are not a good ally. If you listen to your emotions all the time, you will spend on both the things you need and the things you don't need and you are likely to waste money. Also, you are very likely to get into debt if you listen to your emotions all the time. However, with a budget, you can control your spending and tame your emotions.
8. You take financial advice from inexperienced people.
Not losing your money is one of the keys to building wealth. Taking financial advice from inexperienced people can make you vulnerable to wrong investment moves that can make you lose money. Family members, friends and associates and even people who sell financial products may bring several financial advice to you at one time or the order. You can listen to them, but don't be pressured to do what will not help you to attain your financial goals. Even if the person is a certified financial manager, don't feel that he or she knows it all when it comes to business and investment. When you get any financial advice from anyone, you should also do your own research to validate the advice and to see if it is safe, profitable and meets your financial goals, else you may risk losing your money.
This blog can also be a good source of financial education for you. Check this blog weekly for new information . You can add your email address to our mailing list using the "Join The Millionaire's Club " botton which you can find as you scroll down after this article. When you join our mailing list, you will receive free email notification each time we publish a new article.
Also, do well to follow us on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram for frequent updates with vital information on entrepreneurship, business, investing, inspiration and wealth creation from time to time.
You can also join our WhatsApp group to relate with like-minded people about investment, business and money matters.
9. You subscribe to get- rich-quick schemes.
In recent years, many Nigerians lost millions of naira to several Ponzi schemes. This was caused by greed and lack of financial knowledge.
There is no legally easy or quick way to make money. Just have that at the back of your mind. Regardless of what the promoters of get- rich- quick schemes tell you, wealth creation takes time, patience and hard work.
10. You believe in luck.
There is no such thing as luck when it comes to money. Many people just sit down and do nothing, while others spend all day praying to God to send them money or make them wealthy. Things don't work that way. Prayer only works after you have worked.
Luck doesn't just happen. If at all there is luck, it is deliberately created by positioning yourself and hard work. Thomas Jefferson is often quoted to have said, ''I'm a firm believer in luck, and I've found that the harder I work, the luckier I get." This is true. Roll up your sleeves and get to work. Work hard and smart at what you do, save and invest and with time you will get wealthy.
Don't wait until you have more money to invest. Don't wait to start that new business. There is never a perfect time to do anything in life. Start saving now, start investing now and try that new business now. The fear of failure should not stop you from attempting new things. It is better to try to fail than not to try at all. The poor always have an excuse for not trying. They always procrastinate, but the rich are go-getters. The rich look for and seize opportunities. When the procrastinators are finally ready to attempt great things, the train of opportunities must have left the train station.
12. You do the impulse buying.
You must not buy everything you want, even if you have the money to buy it. The poor always buy on impulse and most times regret after buying. Even if you have extra cash as your disposal, you can save and invest it so that it would yield more money for the proverbial rainy day. The effective way to control impulse buying is to always make a budget and try as much as you can to stick to the budget. Also, resolve not to be controlled by emotional buying. An effective way to control emotional buying is to resolve not to buy anything immediately you see it. Allow at least a day or even a week (depending on the cost of what you are buying) to pass before buying anything you see. If you are still interested in buying the item after a week, then you are most likely not been control by emotions.
13. You don't have multiple streams of income.
I have never seen a wealthy man with only one income source, but most poor people have just one income source. Relying on a single income source like a job is very risky. What if you lose your job or your current income source? Multiple income streams take away these risk to a large extent and even make you wealthier and have more peace of mind. Building a second or multiple income streams doesn't mean you must leave your 9 to 5 job. There are many ways you can do this. There are several part-time jobs that you can do. What about investing your money in Treasury bills or even the stock market? What about starting a part-time business and employing someone to run it for you while you do your day job? There are many business ideas you can invest in. You have no excuse not to build multiple income stream.
See 30 lucrative busineses that you can start with as little as N100k in Nigeria.
14. You live above your means.
The simplest test to know if you are building wealth is to check if you are spending more than you earn or make. You can never be wealthy if your expenses are always higher than your income. The key to having a positive income statement is living within your means. If you are not comfortable with your current state of life and want to increase your standard of living, then you should work harder and smarter to increase your income. The two ways to live within your means is to spend less or make more money.
15. You don't buy appreciating assets.
The poor buy depreciating assets like electronics, cars and gadgets while the rich buy more of appreciating assets like stocks, treasury bills, bonds, real estate. Depreciating assets, lose their value overtime and even make you to spend more money on maintaining them, but appreciating assets increase in value over time and even yield more income.
16. You are on debt and you don't prioritize paying it off.
Most poor people are borrowers. They borrow to meet personal family and needs. The rich hardly borrow. They only borrow to invest. Even when the rich borrow to invest, they do it cautiously and seek for loans with the lowest interest rates and they are committed to paying off the loans as soon as possible. However, most poor people are always in debt and they don't deliberately try to repay these debts.
Debt is a setback on your journey to wealth. It draws you back with the interest rates especially as it compounds. I have watched people struggle with debt but instead of them to set themselves free, they get into more debt by borrowing more.
Getting out of debt is not very easy. It takes determination, sacrifice and commitment. The first step to get out of debt is to stop collecting loan borrowing. If your debt is because of your credit card, then stop using a credit card for now until you have cleared your debt. You don't get out of a pit by digging more into the hole.
Pay off all your debt starting from the ones with the highest interest rate. Reduce your spending and stop taking more loans. Overtime, you will be happier, have more peace of mind and better poised to build wealth.
See 11 sure-fire ways you can get out of debt faster even on a low income.
17. Majority of your friends are poor people.
The poor always handout with poor people. This is very bad and it is what is hindering your progress in life and preventing you from becoming wealthy.
Many of the great financial moves I have made over the years that made me wealthier was because of the influence of some persons I related with. You can't spend time with wealthy or poor people and not have a bit of their attitude rub off on you.
I don't mean you should despise the poor. I am only saying that you should not only have them as your friends. Reach out to the wealthy people. Try to get closer to wealth people so that you can learn from them. There is always something you can learn from them. Their passion, knowledge, attitude and ideas will rub off on you.
18. Your thoughts are always negative and pessimistic.
Pessimism is one of the greatest inhibitors of personal success and wealth creation is not an exception.
The poor always find reasons why a business or investment idea will not succeed. They are good at giving excuses. Excuses hasn't helped anyone to achieve anything. They only limit you.
The rich are good at finding a way around any perceived hurdle or difficulty on their way to success. The rich are always positive people.
Most stingy people I have met are poor people. Most super rich people in our world are generous people. Think of Bill Gates and other super wealthy people, they are always willing to give. They part with millions of dollars every year to help the less privileged.
The more you think of the needs of others, the more you strive to increase your capacity to meet the needs of others. However, when you only think of yourself, your needs and that of your family, you only get what would be sufficient to meet just that level of need. However, when you strive to meet the needs of many people, God will give you the ideas and resources that will help you to meet the needs of many.
This has been a controversial subject in recent times. However, I believe in thithing. Giving 10% of your income to God is one of the ways we express our gratitude to God who enabled us to make the 100% in the first instance. It attracts God's blessings on your endeavours.
have a financial plan.living above your means.Money habits of the poormultiple streams of income.prioritize paying it off.
It was all making so much sense until I got to #20. Why do Africans especially believe it is tithe payment that creates wealth for people? Same tithe that isn't meant for today's Christians. I have always told people if you preach tithe to me then don't tell me about grace, forgiveness and Jesus because there was no grace but instant judgement in the era of tithe, no forgiveness but an eye for an eye, no Jesus but the prophets and scribes / Pharisees. Why do we pick up what is beneficial to us n leave the rest. Remember God's commandments are not optional. If you keep 9 and fail in 1 you are guilty of all. Pls let's study out bible. But from #1-19 am sure practicing them. Thanks a lot.
Thanks a lot Ben for your comment.
You made a valid comment. I concur with you.
Thanks Alina. Keep checking our blog weekly for new updates.
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Thanks Rebecca. I really do appreciate.
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There are many "Christians who strut about", afflicted by vanity, who "live for appearances" and live "to be seen". They end up turning their life into "a soap bubble", pretty but fleeting, going round with too much makeup or perhaps trying to make a good impression by displaying a "cheque for works of the Church" or recalling they are "related to that bishop". But this is living a liar's life, deceiving even themselves. What counts, instead, is "the truth, the concrete reality of the Gospel". Pope Francis asked Christians to look only at their "life with the Lord" and not to "sound the trumpet", offering encouragement which was "perhaps a bit cruel, but true". During Mass at Santa Marta on Thursday, 25 September, he commented on the day's Reading, a well-known passage from the Book of Ecclesiastes, the "vanity of vanities" (1:2-11), pointing out that it is not "pessimistic", as it may seem. Instead, it tells us "the truth" and that "everything passes and if you have nothing of substance, you too will pass, like all things".
The passage of Scripture, Francis explained, "begins with that key word: 'vanity'". Indeed, "a person's life may be a robust life, which does many good things". On the other hand, however, "there is also the temptation" to make it "a life of vanity, of living for things without substance, which pass". Essentially, there is temptation "to live for appearances", and to live "to be seen", and this happens "not only among pagans, but among people of faith, among Christians".
Instead, the Pope affirmed, Jesus "really reproached" people who were vain, "those who were boastful". Thus, "he told the doctors of the law that they should not walk in the public squares with such luxurious clothing. They looked like princes!". And he admonished them: "This is what pleases you, not the truth". And the Lord, who "strongly reproached" them, also said to vain people: "When you pray, please do not be seen. Do not pray so they see you praying". He also advised against wearing particular clothes to pray.
Basically, Jesus suggested the opposite behaviour: "Pray in private, go to your room — you and the Lord — don't show off". Moreover, "when you help the poor or give to charity, don't sound the trumpet, do it privately. The Father sees it, this is enough".
However, the Pope indicated, conceited people care to think: "I'll give this cheque for works of the Church" and then they show off the cheque. And then perhaps "they cheat the Church" as well. This is exactly the way of the vain person who basically "lives for appearances". And the Lord clearly says to these people: "When you fast, please, do not be gloomy, sad so that everyone is aware that you are fasting. Fast with joy. Do penance with joy" so that "no one notices".
Thus, Francis warned against the temptation of "vanity, which is living for appearances, living to be seen", and he recognized that his words were "perhaps a bit cruel, but true". The Pope described that "Christians who live for appearances, for vanity, resemble peacocks: they strut about!". And they say, "I'm a Christian, I'm related to that priest, to that nun, to that bishop; my family is Christian, we're all good". However, what counts, Pope Francis explained, is not boasting of anything. Because the only essential is "your life with the Lord". In this regard, Francis proffered a few questions to ask ourselves: "How do I pray? How is my life in regard to works of mercy? Do I visit the sick?". Thus, one must get to the hard facts, look at "reality". And "this is why Jesus tells us that we must build our house, that is to say our Christian life, upon the rock, on the truth". Instead, "vain people build their house upon the sand and that house falls, that Christian life falls, it slips, because it is incapable of resisting temptation".
Today, the Pope recalled, "so many Christians live for appearances". And "their life seems like a soap bubble", which is "pretty, it's colourful, but it lasts for a second and then" it's over. "Even when we see some funeral monuments", he continued, "we think this is vanity, because the truth is a return to bare earth, as the Servant of God Paul vi said". After all, "the bare earth is waiting for us, this is our final truth". However, the Pope added, "in the meantime, do I boast or do I do something? Do I do good? Do I seek God? Do I pray?". This is why one must aim for "things of substance". Instead, "vanity is a liar, it's fanciful, it deceives itself, it deceives the vain person: first he pretends to be, but in the end he believes to be what he says. He believes it, poor thing".
And this is precisely what happened to Herod the Tetrarch, the Pope explained, referring to the passage in today's liturgy from the Gospel according to Luke (9:7-9): "When Jesus appeared, [Herod] was perplexed. In his imagination he thought: 'But could this be John, whom I beheaded? Could it be another?'". Herod's reaction shows us that "vanity sows cruel unrest, it takes away peace". Thus, vanity "is like those people who wear too much makeup and then are afraid to get rained on because all that makeup will wash off". This is why "vanity does not give us peace: only the truth gives us peace".
Therefore, Francis advised, "let us consider today Jesus' counsel to to build our life upon the rock. He is the rock. The only rock is Jesus!". But "let us think about this proposal of the devil, of the demon, who also tempted Jesus with vanity in the desert". The devil proposed, "come with me, let's go to the temple, let's make a spectacle: throw yourself off and everyone will believe in you". The devil truly served Jesus "vanity on a tray".
For all these reasons, the Pope stated, vanity "is a very serious spiritual illness". It is significant, he added, that "the Egyptian desert fathers said vanity is a temptation that we must fight against throughout all of life, because it always returns to us to strip away the truth". And "to explain this they used to say: it's like an onion, you take it and begin to peel it. You shed a layer of vanity today, a bit of vanity tomorrow" and so it goes, "throughout all of life, peeling vanity to defeat it". This way "in the end you are content: I shed vanity, I peeled the onion. But the odour stays on your hand".
Francis concluded the meditation by asking the Lord in prayer for "the grace to not be vain" but rather "to be true, with the truth of reality and of the Gospel".


text:
Firelight — мальтійський музичний гурт. Представляв Мальту на пісенному конкурсі Євробачення 2014 у Копенгагені, Данія, з піснею «Coming Home».

Учасники

 Мішель Міфсуд — вокал, фортепіано, ударні музичні інструменти
 Ричард Едвард Мікаллеф — вокал, акустична гітара, ударні
 Тони Полідано — вокал, контрабас, бас-гітара, ударні
 Метью Еллюль — акустична гітара, електрогітара
 Леслі Десезар — ударна установка, ударні музичні інструменти, губна гармоніка

Дискографія

 Студійні альбоми
 Backdrop of Life
 Сингли
 «Coming Home»

Примітки

Мальтійські музичні гурти
Учасники Євробачення 2014
Представники Мальти на Євробаченні

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