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Batteries Are the Shocking Truth about Electric Cars
July 18, 2010 by White House Chronicle 17 Comments
Can white elephants come in green?
President Barack Obama flew to Holland, Mich., on Thursday to attend groundbreaking ceremonies for a new lithium-ion battery plant, which the White House advertised as an example of federal stimulus grants at work and a gateway to a clean-energy future.
Great stuff — if you don't look too hard.
Indeed, the Holland plant, effusively hailed by Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm as creating 300 jobs, and 62,000 "green" jobs down the road, will produce batteries in America.
But Compact Power Inc., which received $151 million from a federal stimulus program to open the $303 million plant, isn't American and neither is its technology: It's a subsidiary of the giant South Korean conglomerate LG Chem, and its technology is Asian.
Also that age-old bugaboo for electric cars — range and battery life — is still a work in progress. General Motors says its Chevy Volt will go up to 40 miles on a single charge and will have a range-extending, gasoline-assist feature. Nissan's fully electric car, the Leaf, will have a 100-mile range. Ditto Ford's electric Focus. Much depends on driving conditions.
Lithium-ion batteries are way ahead of traditional lead-acid batteries in power and weight, but they aren't perfect. As yet, the best battery is far from being a competitor for a tank of gasoline.
There's a back story here. The most obvious narrative is the need to create jobs in Michigan, and the hope is that electric vehicles will bolster car production there.
More obscure is the administration's belief that a brave, new clean-energy America can produce jobs and reduce the output of greenhouse gases. In Obamaland, windmills will turn silently through the night, while millions of fully electric cars get their batteries topped up in driveways and garages.
A green and pleasant land is just a few million batteries away and, by Jove, the Department of Energy is on the job. It has $2.4 million to spend on electric car infrastructure. The department is helping to bring on nine battery plants, including the one in Holland. It's also promoting charging stations.
Some small facts: These batteries are still so expensive (about $16,000 apiece) that any fully electric car, or near so, requires subsidies down the line to get the price down to where ordinary people will buy them in quantity. The only fully electric vehicle on the market today, the Tesla, is a sports car that costs over $100,000 and is aimed at the well-heeled greens of Hollywood.
While official retail prices for the Ford, Nissan and GM models haven't been announced, estimates are in the range of $30,000 to $35,000. Federal tax credits are likely to trim several thousand dollars for many buyers.
Batteries have stood in the way of electric cars for more than a century. In the early days of motoring, electric cars covered short distances and held promise. But while internal combustion engines revved ahead, batteries languished.
But the dream of an electric car never died, though the batteries frequently did. In the 1970s, the U.S. government spent lavishly on battery research, including lithium and aluminum air batteries. There are dozens of ways to make batteries, but all have their disadvantages: weight, disposability, life, rate of discharge and market indifference.
If you want everything you get today on a car — electric windows, air conditioning, electric seats, multiple lights, highly variable loads and easy refueling and, maybe, towing capacity — you need a hell of a battery
We have, so to speak, been shocked by presidential energy enthusiasm before. Jimmy Carter believed in liquids from coal and launched the ill-fated Synthetic Fuels Corp., and George W. Bush went hog wild over ethanol — and those expectations are being trimmed daily.
I'll buy a hybrid and wait, if it's OK with Obama. –For the Hearst-New York Times Syndicate
Filed Under: King's Commentaries Tagged With: batteries, Compact Power Inc., Department of Energy, electric cars, Ford, General Motors, LG Chem, Nissan
White House Chronicle on Social
Silicon Valley and Its Unique Challenge to Freedom of Speech
Linda Gasparello
H.L. Mencken, journalist and essayist, wrote in 1940, "Freedom of the press is limited to those who own one." Twenty years later, the same thought was reprised by A.J. Liebling of The New Yorker. Today, these thoughts can be revived to apply, on a scale inconceivable in 1940 or 1960, to Big Tech, and to […]
The Capitol Enshrines All the Best of Our Aspirations
Llewellyn King
Cry, the beloved building. I have been lucky and have walked the halls of the Houses of Parliament in London, visited the Elysée Palace in Paris, the Bundestag in Berlin, and the Kremlin in Moscow. But it is the Capitol, the building on a hill in Washington, that fills me with awe but it isn't […]
Big Tech Should Be Left Alone While It Is Still Creating
When it comes to invention, we ain't seen nothing yet. The chances are good, and getting better, that in the coming year and the years after it, our world will essentially reinvent itself. That revolution already is underway but, as with most progress, there are political challenges. Congress needs restraint in dealing with the technological […]
Face Masks: What's Good for Us Isn't Good for the Geese
When I lived in Manhattan, I pursued an unusual pastime. I started it to avoid eye contact with Unification Church members who peddled flowers and their faith on many street corners in the 197os. If a Moonie (as a church member was known derisively) were to approach me, I'd cast my eyes down to the […]
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Villa Club is a beautiful stone-built exclusive villa with a luxurious lagoon-like infinity pool of 30m2 and huge 300m2 verandas providing superior views of the Aegean Sea and the rocky surroundings.
Nicely tucked away from the ever-partying Mykonos Town, at the serene Agrari region, this 4-bedroom property has direct access to its own sandy beach. Sitting on a massive 4,500m2 land, it offers not only elegance and style but also tranquillity and privacy.
Villa Club comprises of two separate constructions, the main villa that can accommodate up to 6 guests, and the guest studio which has been designed to sleep 4 people with ease. Step inside either of the buildings, and you will be greeted with equally lavish interiors that blend the traditional Cycladic architecture with contemporary details. Everything from the posh living areas to the fully-equipped kitchen everything has been meticulously created to meet the demands and requirements even of the most discerning guests.
The ground floor is where the living room and kitchen are while an elaborate staircase leads to the upper level and its three bedrooms – one master en-suite bedroom and two double-bed bedrooms with a shared bathroom; each with its own balcony.
Here you will find one bedroom with two double beds and an en-suite bathroom. Its separate entrance makes it perfect for families with small children that want to retrieve to their peaceful quarters, leaving the rest of the group enjoying a great night by the star-lit pool or the wood-fire BBQ!
Shaded pergolas, lovely little nooks to have your morning coffee or afternoon meal and unobstructed panoramas of an eye-pleasing seascape make Villa Club a dream holiday vacation.


I just saw Becka post on Twitter of her shipping Magnus & First Aid, a lovely ship that I never would've thought of, so I wanted to ask, what is everyone's most "out there" ship, as in a ship that most people would not ship.
You're talking about RiD Grimlock?
Nah, Beast Hunters comic Grimlock.
Oh, FoC Grimlock. Ok. Yeah, the Wiki has split them into two different characters and that just makes my head feel better.
This is a ship that stemmed from roleplays that me and my ex-best friend have done, and that is....Barricade x Lockdown x my ex-best friend's version of Scourge/Nemesis Prime.
Though Rodimus Prime/Galvatron will always be my flagship pairing, there is a tiny hint of canon support for Rodimus/ghost!Starscream, which is more than Rodimus and Galvatron ever get. XD I'm fascinated by that tantalizing hint of their relationship and I've never, ever seen it.
If I could like posts on this forum, I would like the heck out of this!
Cliffjumper/Warpath is one that popped into my head one day and made itself comfortable.
I was about to say TFP Knockout/Smokescreen...but then I thought to google it real quick and apparently, as far as ships go, it's pretty basic.
Also, while I have no unusual ships myself, I recently learned the term "rare pair" and I love it. It's full of all kinds of emotion in just two short words!
Ayyyyy, I inspired a thread! Haha, awesome.
I'm gunning Ultra Magnus/First Aid pretty hard but my most out there G1 'ship is Red Alert/Wheeljack, mostly because I love the idea of someone who's quite reserved and shy having a boyfriend who's always the life and soul of the party (and the Medbay).


text:
package com.sun.xml.ws.test;

import jakarta.jws.WebService;
import jakarta.jws.WebParam;
import jakarta.jws.soap.SOAPBinding;
import jakarta.xml.ws.soap.MTOM;

@WebService(targetNamespace="http://www.oracle.com/j2ee.ws.jaxws.test/")
@SOAPBinding(parameterStyle = SOAPBinding.ParameterStyle.BARE)
@MTOM
public interface MtomSEI {
    public byte[] echoByteArray(byte[] b);
    public MtomBean header(@WebParam(header=true, name="mtom-header")MtomBean h, MtomBean b);
    public MtomBean echoBean(MtomBean b);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Category Archives: Art process
Image Feedback Loop
June 24, 2015 by Rudy Guernica
Checking through Artnet news recently I found an article titled 'When is artist-on-artist theft okay?'. This is how bad it has gotten when contemporary critics even have to ask these questions – and most declare such crimes legit! For the record… NEVER should it be OK to steal images from a living artist and copying from dead artists is forgery – or inspiration, depending on the provenance LOL – check out www.nobilified.com for crass commercialism of old masters by exploited painters, most likely cheap Chinese labor. "Welcoming the masses to the 1%" indeed! I think it's clear that theft is morally bankrupt and image appropriation is creative bankruptcy (or modern art capitalism depending on whether you collect the genre or been 'nobilified' haha). Why can't contemporary artists create their own images and when did it become so acceptable to appropriate? Has visual plagiarism been encouraged by the web and easy, immediate access to images? I think it was Dada or Pop when the practice of appropriation first became acceptable as art, since it's clear Abstract Expressionism or Minimalism didn't need other images for affirmation or subject matter. Old masters interpreted life and nature and even Hieronymus Bosch images were based on a 'personal view of reality' – this standard formed the basis of western art for centuries. Are global visual arts stuck in a feedback loop like an M.C. Escher drawing? Maybe GIF animations are the future of art after all! Everything in the art world seems derivative today and it can only get worse if artists keep regurgitating other images instead of attempting to develop their own. No, theft is never morally acceptable, except perhaps when you are destitute and starving. It seems that even with its gluttony of contemporary sales, that's the appropriate analogy for the art world today.
Posted in Art process.
Ode to the Ordinary
Judging from the artists that accomplish success in our time, making Art in the 21st century can seem like a struggle to reach stardom and the status of the rich and famous. But what about the 99%, the salt of the earth, the struggling masses? There are so many wonders in the common and everyday to inspire us as artists it's not surprising Pop is pacing the contemporary Art scene with its exultation of shared subject matter – even as the movement can be condemned for appropriating most of their imagery. But why celebrate sharing the extraordinary nature of a Marilyn Monroe, Mickey Mouse, or Michael Jackson when you can immortalize the potato, the suburban lawn, the monotony of shaving? This post is an ode to those ordinary images we share extending back through time… the things we eat, the routines we follow, the people we know, the places and panoramas of nature – that unite us to artists in the past and present. Seeing the sacred in the commonplace and giving it a place of honor by making it Art is true inspiration and the challenge that faces those of us who long to glorify the mundane. It is also the test for those that want to create Art with a camera where most of the artistic process is accomplished by interpreting reality through the lens of a machine. This is why I paint fruit in a bowl or rows of trees on a hill. What better way to liberate Art and pay homage to the joy of living than through searching for the essence of the commonplace? Color and form is in everything we see. Viva the ordinary!
Narcissism and the Mirror of Art
May 17, 2014 by Rudy Guernica
Why does it seem like every artist is vain and engrossed in a selfish search for meaning exclusively in their own work and on their own terms? Surely there is a need for self esteem and self confidence for the production of Art that goes beyond vanity but many artists arrogantly believe in the supremacy of their own imagery even under the harshest and most cohesive criticism. Is this some kind of artistic self preservation mechanism that kicks in so one does not get easily discouraged? Or is it an aversion toward the casting of any negative influence on your personal creations and dedication? Art is generally created in solitude but shared in public. In my experience even when looking at artwork of the most incredible talent in museums I am not so much awed as absorbing lessons from the masters – still believing my own personal search for imagery to be more significant in the present. It is as if I delude myself into thinking I could make any art in that particular style and technique to arrive at the same imagery if only I lived in that period or cared to dedicate the time and effort to the task. Do all artists need to feel this narcissistic impulse to validate their work? The process of absorbing historical imagery is the mirror of Art that most artists pass through in their visual development followed by being able to look at your own work and intuit the progression in your own personal experience. Artists are so immersed in their own pursuit of image and meaning that all other art becomes a kind of mirage, a distraction from their goal instead of a shared process or aesthetic. This seems to exclude us from really understanding other concepts in art except as a foil to our own goals while dismissing many images as inherently alien, banal or inferior in purpose. Artists need to learn to look through the surface illusion of their own reflections to the deeper significance that exists in creating Art. Every artist needs to examine the humanity and struggle of another artist's pursuit of Art or suffer the consequences of getting absorbed in their own superficiality.
On Original Art
April 1, 2013 by Rudy Guernica
Originality validates making art because it confirms your creative efforts as an individual, but what about art 'factories' that are fashionable in the art world? Is art produced without personal physical effort really art or is it a manufactured object, a decorative commodity, a privilege of spoiled and lazy artisans? Is art produced in series by an artist without growing or learning from the creative process worth the label? Look on ebay and you will find 'artists' who produce 'original' art that is only unique in that each piece is created separately based on an existing 'original' image. The artist becomes a 'copy factory' whose process lacks originality – a human multiple-mono-printing-press. But let's expand the discussion to include successful artists like Andy Warhol who copied existing 'art' faithfully (commercial labels like the Campbell's soup cans or Tide boxes that were sadly misjudged as art when exhibited), and later established art 'factories' to reproduce original pieces to the point where provenance can be questioned by experts just decades after his death. But! you may argue… artists like Titian and Rubens had 'schools' that cranked out artwork largely executed by disciples but attributed to the masters! True, but there are clear distinctions and it is undeniable that the concept of 'art factory' is relatively new. There is no teaching of the creative process in contemporary art factories nor do such factories entail the learning of craft as those former 'schools' did. Art factories perform simple execution, a commercial transaction, delivery of a manufactured product or copy that may be designated as art by the client or some other self-serving art authority. Today, for a price, you can take a visual or simply a concept to an executive and have his art 'factory' produce artwork entirely for you – in the process you may become celebrated like Jeff Koons. Why bother with the tedious labor of personally manifesting your art when you can pay someone else to do it for you? In this way talent is reduced to being a good manager and salesperson – perfect fit for today's capital markets. Yet even Marcel Duchamp maintained the integrity of 'real life' objects by appropriating them as found, not copying them (e.g. the R.Mutt urinal). Today's 'art factories' are destroying originality by facilitating and applying a capitalistic attitude to the creative process and pushing the making of art further into the domain of the elite. After all, if you can afford it, why not have someone else deal with all the angst of producing the work? This is what the western aesthetic has evolved into – an extension of Corporate America ruled only by how little personal involvement by the artist the market will tolerate. Certainly the distinction between potentially mass produced objects and what has traditionally been considered unique art is being blurred. I would like to see the art world abolish the ambiguity of the 'art factory' and only support unique work produced directly by the artists who create them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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McLaren|Physician Directory|Spender, Dennis
Dennis Spender , MD
McLaren Medical Laboratory
4000 S. Saginaw St.
Flint , MI 48507
University of Minnesota Affiliated Hospitals (Internal Medicine); University of Vermont (Pathology)
Pathology (Anatomic & Clinical); Internal Medicine
Dennis Spender is the Laboratory Medical Director at McLaren Medical Laboratory. Dr Spender is board certified in Internal Medicine and Anatomic and Clinical Pathology. He completed medical school at Wayne State University in Detroit. He then completed an Internal Medicine Residency at the University of Minnesota Affiliated Hospitals in Minneapolis. For nine years he maintained an active inpatient, ICU, and outpatient practice while Internal Medicine Chairman of the Michigan State University Medical School Program in Escanaba Michigan. He left practice in 1992 to attend the Anatomic and Clinical Pathology residency program at the University of Vermont in Burlington Vermont. He returned to Michigan and practiced General Anatomic and Clinical Pathology at McLaren Bay Region 16 years. In 2012 he assumed the Medical Director role for McLaren Medical Laboratory, the Corporate Laboratory for the McLaren Healthcare System in Michigan. He is also the Chief Medical Officer for Laboratory Services for McLaren Health Care.


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2002 NatWest Series Final: Kaif-Yuvraj partnership Ganguly's celebration changed Indian cricket in more ways than one
It was one of those games that changed the perception of cricket experts towards the Sourav Ganguly-led Indian side. There had been several iconic victories from the teams of the past but there was something about that historic win. It ushered the dawn of a new era in Indian Cricket as the Men In Blue started dominating and started winning tournaments overseas.
It was the moment when the young guns of Indian cricket started coming out of the shadows of big stars like Ganguly, Sachin Tendulkar, Anil Kumble and Rahul Dravid. The youngsters still had a long way to go, but the young Indian cricketers stopped being intimidated by the big names in the opposition.
Chasing a daunting target of 326, Virender Sehwag and captain Ganguly gave India a brisk start. Ganguly scored a quickfire 60 before getting dismissed in the 15th over and by then India had already crossed the 100-run mark. But the floodgates were opened soon after, as the Men In Blue lost five more wickets in a gap of 11 overs and just 40 runs were added to the scoreboard. England bowlers and as well as the English supporters seemed assured of a big win.
#OnThisDay in 2002.. #TeamIndia scripted history by winning the Natwest Trophy final at Lord's ???pic.twitter.com/jKeFXEmCgk
— BCCI (@BCCI) July 13, 2020
Things had fallen on the shoulders of young Yuvraj Singh and Mohammed Kaif and they joined hands for a match-changing partnership. The duo - who had played together since U-19 days - first stemmed the fall of wickets and kept the scoreboard ticking with their quick running between the wickets. Together the duo stitched 121-run stand and brought India back in the contest.
But Yuvraj fell in the 42nd over for 69 and India were still shy of 59 in the remaining eight overs. Kaif, however, didn't give up and scored an unbeaten 87 to take India home with Zaheer Khan at the other end for a historic win.
July 13, 2002: The day we climbed Mt Everest at Lord's...Dada shirtless, Yuvi nerveless, Zak's support priceless, Me fearless...memories endless. pic.twitter.com/ND6UDkaUiM
— Mohammad Kaif (@MohammadKaif) July 13, 2020
The Allahabad cricketer, many years later, revealed that he too had once thought that the match was over after Yuvraj's dismissal but he kept believing in himself and led India to a famous win.
"When you (Yuvraj) got out, I thought the match is gone. I did not think we will win... I was set, you were there. So I believed if we played till the end India will win. But you got out and India lost hope and my heart broke," Kaif said in an Instagram live chat with Yuvraj during the lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
That historic win is also remembered for captain Ganguly's shirt waving celebration at the Lord's balcony. In the hindsight, it could be debated whether that display of aggression was a bit over the top.
There are two most iconic memories of Indian Cricket at the Lord's, the first one being Kapil Dev lifting the 1983 Prudential World Cup, and the second Ganguly going shirtless and waving it off from the balcony in that summer of 2002. Both the images are very strong sent and they definitely changed Indian cricket forever in more ways than one.
Via https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/2002-natwest-series-final-kaif-yuvraj-partnership-ganguly-s-celebration-changed-indian-cricket-147294.html?utm_source=/rss/sports-cricket-fb.xml&utm_medium=2.16.110.118&utm_campaign=client-rss


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Chua circuit
Leon O. Chua (2007), Scholarpedia, 2(10):1488. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.1488 revision #140932 [link to/cite this article]
Curator: Leon O. Chua
Tobias Denninger
Dr. Leon O. Chua, Dept. of EECS, University of California, Berkeley
Figure 1: The Chua Circuit.
The Chua Circuit is the simplest electronic circuit exhibiting chaos, and many well-known bifurcation phenomena, as verified from numerous laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and rigorous mathematical analysis.
2 Circuit Diagram and Realization
2.1 Local Activity is Necessary for Chaos
2.2 The Chua Diode is Locally Active
2.3 Oscilloscope Displays of Chaos
3 Chua Equations
3.1 Fractal Geometry of the Double Scroll Attractor
3.2 Period-Doubling Route to Chaos
3.3 Interior Crisis and Boundary Crisis
4 Generalizations
The Chua Circuit was invented in the fall of 1983 (Chua, 1992) in response to two unfulfilled quests among many researchers on chaos concerning two wanting aspects of the Lorenz Equations (Lorenz, 1963). The first quest was to devise a laboratory system which can be realistically modeled by the Lorenz Equations in order to demonstrate chaos is a robust physical phenomenon, and not merely an artifact of computer round-off errors. The second quest was to prove that the Lorenz attractor, which was obtained by computer simulation, is indeed chaotic in a rigorous mathematical sense. The existence of chaotic attractors from the Chua circuit had been confirmed numerically by Matsumoto (1984), observed experimentally by Zhong and Ayrom (1985), and proved rigorously in (Chua, et al, 1986). The basic approach of the proof is illustrated in a guided exercise on Chua's circuit in the well-known textbook by Hirsch, Smale and Devaney (2003).
Circuit Diagram and Realization
The circuit diagram of the Chua Circuit is shown in Figure 1. It contains 5 circuit elements. The first four elements on the left are standard off-the-shelf linear passive electrical components; namely, inductance L > 0, resistance R > 0, and two capacitances C1 > 0 and C2 > 0. They are called passive elements because they do not need a power supply (e.g., battery). Interconnection of passive elements always leads to trivial dynamics, with all element voltages and currents tending to zero (Chua, 1969).
Local Activity is Necessary for Chaos
The simplest circuit that could give rise to oscillatory or chaotic waveforms must include at least one locally active (Chua, 1998), (Chua, 2005) nonlinear element, powered by a battery, such as the Chua diode shown in Figure 1, characterized by a current vs. voltage nonlinear function \(i_R = g(v_R)\), whose slope must be negative somewhere on the curve. Such an element is called a locally active resistor. Although the function \( g(\bullet)\) may assume many shapes,the original Chua circuit specifies the 3-segment piecewise-linear odd-symmetric characteristic shown in the right hand side of Figure 1, where m0 denotes the slope of the middle segment and m1 denotes the slope of the two outer segments ; namely,
\[ g(v_R) = \begin{cases} m_1 v_R + m_1 - m_0 & , if \quad v_R \le -1 \\ m_0 v_R & , if \quad -1 \le v_R \le 1 \\ m_1 v_R + m_0 - m_1 & , if \quad 1 \le v_R \end{cases} \] where the coordinate of the two symmetric breakpoints are normalized, without loss of generality, to \(v_R\) = \( \pm 1 \).
Figure 2: Physical realization of the Chua Circuit.
The Chua Diode is Locally Active
The Chua diode is not an off-the-shelf component. However, there are many ways to synthesize such an element using off-the-shelf components and a power supply, such as batteries. The circuit for realizing the Chua diode need not concern us since the dynamical behavior of the Chua Circuit depends only on the 4 parameter values L, R, C1, C2 and the nonlinear characteristic function \( g(\bullet)\).
Any locally active device requires a power supply for the same reason a mobile phone can not function without batteries (Chua, 1969). A physical circuit for realizing the Chua Circuit in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2.
Observe the one-to-one correspondence between each linear circuit element in Figure 1 and its corresponding physical component in Figure 2 (Gandhi et al, 2007). The Chua diode in Figure 1 corresponds to the small black box with two external wires soldered across capacitance C1. Two batteries are used to supply power for the Chua diode. The parameter values for L, R, C1, and C2, as well as instructions for building the Chua diode in Figure 1 are given in (Kennedy, 1992).
Figure 3: Realization of Chua's Circuit using two Op Amps and six linear resistors to implement the Chua diode NR.
Figure 3 shows the complete Chua Circuit, including the circuit schematic diagram (enclosed inside the box NR) for realizing the Chua diode, using 2 standard Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) and 6 linear resistors (Gandhi et al. 2007).
The two vertical terminals emanating from each Op Amp (labeled \(V^+\) and \(V^-\), respectively) in Figure 3 must be connected to the plus and minus terminals of a 9 volt battery, respectively.
Figure 4: A Chua Circuit where the Chua diode is implemented by a specially designed IC chip.
There are many other circuits for realizing the Chua diode. The most compact albeit expensive way is to design an integrated electronic circuit, such as the physical circuit shown in Figure 4, where the black box in Figure 2 had been replaced by a single IC chip (Cruz and Chua, 1993), and powered by only one battery.
Oscilloscope Displays of Chaos
Using the Chua Circuit shown in Figure 4, the voltage waveforms \( v_{C_1} (t)\) and \( v_{C_2} (t)\) across capacitors C1 and C2, and the current waveform \( i_L (t)\) through the inductor L in Figure 1, were observed using an oscilloscope and displayed in Figure 5 (a), (b), and (c) (left column), respectively.
The Lissajous figures associated with 3 permutated pairs of waveforms are displayed on the right column Figure 5; namely, in the \(v_{C_1}-i_L\) plane in Figure 5(d), the \(v_{C_1}-v_{C_2}\) plane in Figure 5(e), and the \(v_{C_2}-i_L\) plane Figure 5(f). They are 2-dimensional projections of the chaotic attractor, called the double scroll, traced out by the 3 waveforms from the left column in the 3-dimensional \( v_{C_1} - v_{C_2} - i_L\) space.
It is important to point out that the Chua Circuit is not an analog computer. Rather it is a physical system where the voltage, current, and power associated with each of the 5 circuit elements in Figure 1 can be measured and observed on an oscilloscope, and where the power flow among the elements makes physical sense. In an analog computer (usually using Op Amps interconnected with other electronic components to mimic some prescribed set of differential equations), the measured voltages have no physical meanings because the corresponding currents and powers can not be identified, let alone measured, from the analog computer.
Figure 5: .Waveforms and Lissajous figures recorded from experimental measurements on the Chua Circuit shown in Figure 4. The three waveforms displayed in (a), (b), and (c) (left column) correspond to to \( v_{C_1} (t)\), \( v_{C_2} (t)\) and \( i_L (t)\), respectively. The three Lissajous figures displayed in (d), (e), and (f) (right column) correspond to the pair of variables
(\(v_{C_1}\),\(i_L\)), (\(v_{C_1}\),\(v_{C_2}\)), and (\(v_{C_2}\), \(i_L\)), respectively
Chua Equations
By rescaling the circuit variables \( v_{C_1}\), \( v_{C_2}\), and \( i_L\) from Figure 1, we obtain the following dimensionless Chua Equations involving 3 dimensionless state variables x, y, z, and only 2 dimensionless parameters \(\alpha\) and β :
\[ \begin{array}{lcl} \dot{x} & = & \alpha ( y- \phi(x)) \\ \dot{y} & = & x - y + z \\ \dot{z} & = & -\beta y \end{array} \]
where \(\alpha\) and β are real numbers, and \( \phi(x)\) is a scalar function of the single variable \( x \). The Chua Equations are simpler than the Lorenz Equations in the sense that it contains only one scalar nonlinearity, whereas the Lorenz Equations contains 3 nonlinear terms, each consisting of a product of two variables (Pivka et al, 1996). In the original version studied in-depth in (Chua et al, 1986), \( \phi(x)\) is defined as a piecewise-linear function
\[ \phi(x) \stackrel{\triangle}{=} x + g(x) = m_1 x + \frac{1}{2} (m_0 - m_1)[|x+1|-|x-1|] \]
where m0 and m1 denote the slope of the inner and outer segments of the piecewise-linear function in Figure 1, respectively. Although simpler smooth scalar functions, such as polynomials, could be chosen for \( \phi(x)\) without affecting the qualitative behaviors of the Chua Equations, a continuous (but not differentiable) piecewise-linear function was chosen strategically from the outset in (Chua et al, 1986) in order to devise a rigorous proof showing the experimentally and numerically derived double scroll attractor is indeed chaotic. Unlike the Lorenz attractor (Lorenz, 1963), which had not been proven to be chaotic until 36 years later (Stewart, 2000) by Tucker (1999), it was possible to prove the double scroll attractor from the Chua Circuit is chaotic by virtue of the fact that certain Poincare return maps associated with the attractor can be derived explicitly in analytical form via compositions of eigenvectors within each linear region of the 3-dimensional state space (Chua et al, 1986), (Shilnikov, 1994).
Fractal Geometry of the Double Scroll Attractor
Based on an in-depth analysis of the phase portrait located in each of the 3 linear regions of the x-y-z state space, as well as from a detailed numerical analysis of the double scroll attractor shown in Figure 6, the geometrical structure of the double scroll attractor is found to consist of a juxtaposition of infinitely many thin, concentric, oppositely-directed fractal-like layers. The local geometry of each cross section appears to be a fractal at all cross sections and scales. This fractal geometry is depicted in the caricature shown in Figure 7. A 3-dimensional model of the double scroll attractor, accurate to millimeter scales, has been carefully sculpted using red and blue fiber glass, and displayed in Figure 8.
Figure 6: The double scroll attractor derived by computer simulations of the Chua Equations.
Figure 7: A caricature of the double spiral fractal geometry of the double scroll attractor.
Figure 8: Three-dimensional fiber glass model of the double scroll attractor.
Period-Doubling Route to Chaos
Figure 9: The Chua Circuit exhibits a period-doubling route to chaos.
By fixing the parameters of the Chua Equations at \(\alpha\) = 15.6, m0 = -8/7 and m1 = -5/7, and varying the parameter β from β = 25 to β = 51, one observes a classic period-doubling bifurcation route to chaos (Kennedy, 2005). This is depicted in Figure 9, reproduced from page 377 of (Alligood et al, 1997).
Interior Crisis and Boundary Crisis
By fixing the parameters of the Chua Equations at \(\alpha\) = 15.6, m0 = -8/7 and m1 = -5/7, and varying the parameter β from β = 32 to β = 30, Figure 10 (reproduced from page 421 of Alligood et al (1997)) shows the bifurcation of a pair of co-existing Rössler-like attractors with separate basins of attraction moving toward one another until they touch at β = 31, whereupon the two twin attractors merge into a single double scroll attractor. A further reduction to β = 30 triggers a boundary crisis, resulting in a periodic orbit.
Figure 10: The Chua Circuit exhibits an interior crisis and a boundary crisis bifurcation.
There exists several generalized versions of the Chua Circuit. One generalization substitutes the continuous piecewise-linear function \( \phi(x)\) by a smooth function, such as a cubic polynomial (Khibnik et al, 1993), (Shilnikov, 1994), (Huang et al, 1996), (Hirsch et al, 2003), (Tsuneda, 2005), (O'Donoghue et al, 2005). For example, Hirsch, Smale and Devaney chose
\[ \phi(x) \stackrel{\triangle}{=} = \frac{1}{16} x^3 - \frac{1}{6}x \]
with \(\alpha\) = 10.91865 and β = 14 to obtain a pair of homoclinic orbits, a much coveted precursor of chaos (Shilnikov, 1994).
Another generalization replaces the third equation in the Chua Equations by
\[ \dot{z} = -\beta y - \gamma z \]
thereby introducing a third parameter \( \gamma \) (Chua, 1993). This unfolding of the original vector field gives rise to a surprisingly large number of topologically distinct chaotic attractors. For example, Bilotta had reported almost a thousand attractors (which appears to exhibit different geometrical structures) from the generalized Chua Equations (Bilotta et al, 2007).
Various forms of the Chua Equations can be found in textbooks on nonlinear dynamics (Hirsch et al, 2003), (Alligood et al, 1997) and chaos (van Wyk and Steeb, 1997), (Sprott, 2003), where a more detailed mathematical analysis can be found.
The Chua Circuit has been built and used in many laboratories as a physical source of pseudo random signals, and in numerous experiments on synchronization studies, such as secure communication systems and simulations of brain dynamics. It has also been used extensively in many numerical simulations, and exploited in avant-garde music compositions (Bilotta et al, 2005), and in the evolution of natural languages (Bilotta and Pantano, 2006).
Arrays of Chua Circuits have been used to generate 2-dimensional spiral waves, 3-dimensional scroll waves, (Munuzuri et al, 1993) and stationary patterns, such as Turing and other exotic patterns, (Munuzuri and Chua, 1997), (Madan, 1993), as illustrated in Figures 11(a), (b), and (c), respectively. Such high-dimensional attractors have been exploited for applications in image processing, neural networks, dynamic associative memories (Itoh and Chua, 2004), complexity (Chua, 1998), emergence (Arena et al, 2005), etc.
Figure 11: Spiral wave, scroll wave, and stationary pattern generated from 2- and 3-dimensional arrays of Chua Circuits.
http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/chaostsa/
http://www.chuacircuit.com
Alligood, K. T., Sauer, T. D. and Yorke, J. A. (1997) Chaos, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Arena, P., Bucolo, M., Fazzino, S., Fortuna, L. and Frasca, M. (2005) The CNN Paradigm: Shapes and Complexity, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 7 : 2063-2090.
Bilotta, E., Gervasi, S. and Pantano, P. (2005) Reading Complexity in Chua's Oscillator Through Music. Part I : A New Way of understanding chaos, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 15 : 253-382.
Bilotta, E., and Pantano, P. (2006) The Language of Chaos, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 16 : 523-557.
Bilotta, E., Di Blasi, G., Stranges, F. and Pantano, P. (2007) A Gallery of Chua Attractors. Part VI. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 17 : 1801-1910.
Chua, L. O. (1969) Introduction to Nonlinear Network Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Chua, L. O. (1992) The Genesis of Chua's Circuit. Archiv für Elektronik und Ubertragung-stechnik, 46 : 250-257.
Chua, L. O. (1993) Global Unfolding of Chua's Circuit, IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications, Computer Science, E76-A : 704-734.
Chua, L. O. (1994) Chua's Circuit : An Overview Ten Years Later, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 4 : 117-159.
Chua, L. O. (1998) CNN : A Paradigm for Complexity, World Scientific, Singapore.
Chua, L. O. (2005) Local Activity is the Origin of Complexity, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 15 : 3435-3456.
Chua, L. O., Komuro, M., and Matsumoto, T. (1986) The double scroll family, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 33 : 1072-1118.
Cruz, J. M. and Chua, L. O. (1993) An IC Chip of Chua's Circuit, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II, 10 : 596-613.
Gandhi, G., Muthuswamy, B., and Roska, T. (2007) Chua's Circuit for High School Students, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 12.
Hirsch, M. W., Smale, S. and Devaney, R. L. (2003) Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems & An Introduction to Chaos, Second Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam.
Huang, A. S., Pivka, L., Wu, C. W, and Franz, M. (1996) Chua's Equation with Cubic Nonlinearity, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 12(A) : 2175-2222.
Kennedy, M. P. (1992) Robust Op Amp Realization of Chua's Circuit, Frequenz, 46 : 66-80
Kennedy, M. P. (2005) Chua's Circuit, Encyclopedia of Nonlinear Science (Editor : A. Scott) 136-138.
Itoh, M. and Chua, L.O. (2004) Star Cellular Neural Network for Associative and Dynamic Memories, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 14 : 1725-1772.
Khibnik, A.I. Roose, D. and Chua, L. O. (1993) On periodic orbits and homoclinic bifurcations in Chua's circuit with a smooth nonlinearity, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 3 : 363-384.
Lorenz, E. (1963) Deterministic flow, Journal of Atmospheric Science, 20 : 130-141.
Madan, R. N. (1993) Chua's Circuit : A Paradigm for Chaos, World Scientific, Singapore.
Matsumoto, T. (1984) A Chaotic attractor from Chua's Circuit, IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems, 31 : 1055-1058.
Perez-Munuzuri, V., Perez-Villar, V. and Chua, L. O. (1993) Autowaves for Image Processing on a Two-Dimensional CNN Array of Excitable Nonlinear Circuits : Flat and Wrinkled Labyrinths, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 140 : 174-181.
Munuzuri, A.P., and Chua, L.O. (1997) Stationary Structures in a Discrete Bistable Reaction-Diffusion System, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 12 : 2807-2825.
O'Donoghue, K., Kennedy, M. P., Forbes, P., Qu, M. and Jones, S. (2005) A Fast and simple Implementation of Chua's Oscillator with Cubic-Like Nonlinearity, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 15 : 2959-2971.
Pivka, L., Wu, C. W. And Huang, A. (1996), Lorenz Equation and Chua's Equation, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 12(B) : 2443-2489.
Shilnikov, L. P. (1994) Chua's Circuit : Rigorous Results and Future Problems, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 4 : 489-519.
Sprott, J. C. (2003) Chaos and Time-Series Analysis, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Stewart, I (2000) The Lorenz Attractor Exists, Nature, 406 : 948-949.
Tsuneda, A. (2005) A Gallery of Attractors from smooth Chua's Equation, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 15 : 1-50.
Tucker, W. (1999) The Lorenz Attractor Exists, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 328, series 1 : 1197-1202
van Wyk, M. A. and Steeb, W. H. (1997) Chaos in Electronics, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
John W. Milnor (2006) Attractor. Scholarpedia, 1(11):1815.
Kendall E. Atkinson (2007) Numerical analysis. Scholarpedia, 2(8):3163.
Arkady Pikovsky and Michael Rosenblum (2007) Synchronization. Scholarpedia, 2(12):1459.
James Murdock (2006) Unfoldings. Scholarpedia, 1(12):1904.
Chaos, Chaotic Oscillators, FitzHugh-Nagumo Model
Retrieved from "http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chua_circuit&oldid=140932"
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"Chua circuit" by Leon O. Chua is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are described in the Terms of Use


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Jessie J Goes "Wild" With Dizzee Rascal, Big Sean & Big Earrings: Watch
Carl Williott | May 28, 2013 12:59 pm
When Jessie J unveiled her new song "Wild" over the weekend, she also previewed the music video in a clip that promised much snarling and vogueing in black and white. The full video dropped today (May 28), and it delivers on those fronts. Directed by Emil Nava, the clip starts with just Jessie alone on a white set, angry-dancing in her underwear. Soon enough she's joined by Big Sean and Dizzee Rascal, but the only thing sassier than the singer is Sean's ridiculously plush fur coat. Check it out up top.
The high-energy song is off Jessie J's forthcoming album.
Tags: Jessie J


Former Hull KR winger Ken Sio has opened up on his return to the Super League after opting to join Salford Red Devils.
Just two years after he left Craven Park club to join NRL side Newcastle Knights, Sio chose to sign a three-year deal at the AJ Bell Stadium with Ian Watson's Salford, despite interest coming from elsewhere.
The outside back was a regular with Newcastle for two seasons and bagged 17 tries in two full seasons Down Under, but in both seasons the Knights struggled for form and for points.
As such, after failing to agree a new deal in New South Wales, he claims the opportunity to join Salford appealed to his desire to become a senior figure in a side.
"It was awesome playing in the NRL," Sio told loverugbyleague.com. "At Newcastle, we were going through the building stage and with the season we had, we should have been in the top eight.
"I've learnt a lot from players that were there but I'm hoping to bring that experience to Salford and bring a lot of confidence to the team.
"Salford is a club with a proud history and I love the city where we are staying. I wanted a new challenge for myself and I wanted to be a leader with some younger players here at Salford and it's good to also play with some experienced players who have been in the game a while.
The outside back has been in fine form since joining the Red Devils, scoring five tries and helping the club up to fifth in the Super League table.
He will attempt to add to his tally this weekend when Salford host Rovers' cross-city rivals Hull FC this weekend, with both clubs looking to get back to winning ways and move into the top four.


All Youth Club coaches and volunteers will need to submit to a Background Check each year, and be approved prior to the acceptance of the club's application. Please allow a minimum of 2 weeks for Background Checks to be completed. We urge you to work well in advance of any Meet Registration Deadlines in order for this process to complete. There will be no exceptions to this rule. To start your Background Check, please click here.


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Strip-Searches of Male Prisoners by Female Guards OK'd by 9th Circuit Court; Maricopa County Jail Inmate Sued
Ray Stern
Ray Stern | May 21, 2009 | 5:31pm
A former Maricopa County jail inmate who was stripped to his underwear and felt up by a female guard-in-training during a search did not have his rights violated, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled.
Charles Byrd, who was convicted of trafficking in stolen goods, was in the Durango Jail in 2004 when a mass search of inmates was conducted. According to the San Francisco Chronicle:
A female cadet from a training academy pulled out his waistband, patted down his groin through the shorts and felt his buttocks to check for contraband, the court said. The woman said the search had lasted no more than 20 seconds, while Byrd estimated one minute.
An online article in AmLaw Daily says Byrd had been a victim of sexual abuse in his childhood. Jarrett Green, a lawyer with the firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom took the case pro bono.
Green says he may ask for a rehearing in the case.
Byrd is scheduled to be released from prison on October 30, according to Department of Corrections records.
Ray Stern has worked as a newspaper reporter in Arizona for more than two decades. He's won many awards for his reporting, including the Arizona Press Club's Don Bolles Award for Investigative Journalism.
Facebook: Ray Stern
Twitter: @raystern


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Glen Campbell's Stunning Rendition of "What a Friend We Have in Jesus"
Have you heard Glen Campbell's version of "What a Friend We Have in Jesus?" If you haven't, you must certainly do. His voice perfectly brings much emotion to the song. In addition, Campbell who is a firm believer in Jesus speaks about Him and what He can do for us.
Who Wrote "What a Friend We Have in Jesus?"
In 1955, Joseph M. Scriven wrote the old Christian song "What a Friend We Have in Jesus." Scriven wrote the song for his mother who lives far away from him. He provided these words as comfort. This hymn became popular that it was even translated into different languages. The first melody of the song was composed by an American attorney, Charles Crozat Converse.
Different Versions
This hymn is extremely popular that artists from different genres recorded it. Some artists known to cover this song were Aretha Franklin in 1972 for her Amazing Grace album, Amy Grant in 2002 and 2015, Alan Jackson in 20016, Brad Paisley in 2008, and Ronnie Milsap in 2009.
Glen Campbell's Version
One other artist who performed this song in 1989 was Campbell. The hymn was included in his forty-fifth studio album Favorite Hymns. His rendition was stunning, and you couldn't stop listening to his voice.
Photo Credit: Glen Campbell/ Official Facebook Page
On the video below, Campbell performed the song at the North Phoenix Baptist Church in 1989. But, before he began singing, a short video of him was included speaking about the power of Jesus. He tells us that believing and trusting in Jesus will lighten our burden. His power is great that He's able to help the whole world and listen to every one of us if we are willing to come to Him.
What a privilege to carry everything to God in prayer
Oh what peace we often forfeit of what needless pain we bear
All because we do not carry everything to God in prayer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5uisBMZ3Tc
Favorite Hymns of Campbell didn't secure any position on the chart, but it was a beautiful recording of the songs he grew up listening to. There are twelve traditional gospel songs on his album.
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So much to ponder, so many topics begging for ink in today's newspaper, so little space to soak up that ink, so little time to address it all, and quite frankly, I wonder if loyal readers have the patience to wade through it.
I'll try to employ some word economy here, something I once practiced with pride when I wrote news stories, but I make no guarantees. Stick with me, please.
To be honest, I'd never heard of "The Ardagh Group" until last week when the European-headquartered corporation delivered a hurtful blow to the local economy. Yeah, we've been hit again. The global conglomerate, founded in Ireland and now headquartered in Luxembourg, announced last week it was closing its Lincoln plant.
To many around town, including myself and many plant employees, the facility was simply known as "the bottle factory." It had been in operation, turning out glass containers for beverages and grocery items, since 1942. The axe left brutal wounds, claiming 150 decent-paying jobs in Lincoln.
Once known as Lincoln Container Corp. it became Pierce Glass, then St-Gobain before the current ownership. The bottle factory's payroll was modest compared to other large manufacturers in town. Places like PPG Glass, Lehn & Fink, MII Industries, even Eaton Corp., which still maintains a manufacturing facility on Lincoln's north side, employed substantially more people. And those who have spent a long lifetime in these parts will recall Stetson China Co. and its large operation in Lincoln.
I won't dwell on the history or the present state of manufacturing in Lincoln. I merely focus on the 150 folks who will be out of a job and minus pay checks come spring. Many, I assume, have mortgages to pay and car payments to make, substantial debts that many working families with steady jobs and a regular paycheck assume as part of the American way of life. Even stronger is my assumption that all these folks buy groceries and gasoline, perhaps required medications, on a regular basis.
What happens to them now? How will this plant closure impact the local economy? Where will these soon-to-be laid-off workers, many with notable seniority, find new jobs? Apparently The Ardagh Group will offer some of the local workforce an opportunity for employment at other factories it owns, but that presents a new set of life-changing challenges for those fortunate enough to retain jobs elsewhere.
This is tough news, and my heart goes out to those who are facing unemployment in a few weeks.
I recently wrote a column bemoaning the fact that so many organizations, once strong forces in the community, have disappeared. I mentioned, among others, the Lincoln Jaycees, the local Moose Lodge, Main Street Lincoln and the Chamber of Commerce.
"I waited several weeks before I replied. I do not wish to sound critical, but we have so much we can appreciate about the area we call home! While we may not have the civic organizations we used to have, we have do have community SPIRIT! It is alive and well!"
"Look at the month of January – you see people checking on shut-ins, shoveling snow, calling to see if groceries and/or prescriptions need picked up.! This generosity did not make the newspapers, but you can bet it improved the quality of life for many."
"You do not have to belong to an organization to make your community a better place. Please take a minute to look around the community. There are armies of volunteers making this a good place to live and work. However, more volunteers are needed."
"We must never forget our youth who lead the way. The Hartsburg/Emden FFA does a tremendous job helping organizations with their time and energy, and local Honor Society students volunteer for many events."
"Children at Christmas are still remembered in a very big way through the Marines Corps' Toys for Tots. Jay and Donna Gaydosh chair this event, which helps hundreds. Until you volunteer for this program, you would not believe the outpouring of love from the community, the number of volunteers involved and the number of children it benefits. Lincoln and Logan County supports this program in a huge way."
"Relay for Life: It takes many people performing many jobs to raise funds and assist those who are struggling with a cancer diagnosis. Education, prevention, treatment and support are some of the many functions of this event. Many hands make the work load lighter."
"Meals on Wheels and the food pantries: Such worthwhile programs help with hunger and assist those who have difficulty in preparation of food. If it wasn't for an army of volunteers and the generosity of donations, many in our community would go to bed hungry today and possibly be unable to stay in their homes."
"Before every school year, you see many groups supplying back packs full of supplies to students. Going unseen are the groups that provide necessities to the schools directly so a student is not embarrassed when he or she does not have a note book and necessary supplies to do well. These contributions do not end in August, but continue throughout the school year."
"Coats, hats and warm gloves: Each year many people donate these so our children do not have to suffer from the cold winter weather."
"Infants: Many groups support infants and small children by their donation of diapers, clothing, etc. to Community Action. I am sure if you contact Community Action, it could provide the names of groups, etc., that play vital roles in the various programs."
"Walk into any gas station and you will see fliers for fundraisers to help a friend or neighbor who has experienced bad times and needs a hand. Perhaps it is a jar by the cash register to collect change. It is there to help. The community rallies to help this person, to encourage them that there is hope."
"One does not have to look far to see businesses jumping in to assist with fundraisers. The next time you attend a benefit, look at a list recognizing sponsors. Then, take another step and support the businesses. Let them know you appreciate their contribution to the community."
"Many of our churches have programs that assist the community. Church programs often are not advertised or done for publicity, but just for the sheer joy of helping someone."
"We must never forget animals that bring so much joy into our lives. Look at the volunteers who make such a difference in Logan County. There are many jobs to be done in caring for these animals."
"I have mentioned only a few I am aware of; I know the list goes on and on."
"It is difficult to find out what services are available for those in need. I have been told by a newcomer in town that it took multiple calls to different numbers to find assistance. What Lincoln is clearly missing is a central phone number that people needing assistance can call to get that information. This would also require the community's support in calling in and listing activities they can provide."
Despite the preceding lengthy word count, I simply cannot close without telling my wife Suzi thanks for being such a wonderful traveling companion on this journey called life. We've laughed during our good times, cried and comforted each other during our tragedies, worked side by side on projects large and small, relaxed by many a campfire and along several river banks, and yes, we've even fussed at each other a few times.
On Valentine's Day, we'll celebrate our 33rd anniversary. (Oh my, I hope I have the number of years correct; otherwise, I'm in for a fair amount of the aforementioned fussing.) The number of years, I suppose, doesn't really matter. It's all been a wonderful ride. Lots of love to you, dearest Suzi.


text:
Q: How to make a triangle JAVA I need to use a nested for loop in Java to make a triangle like this
********
 *******
  ******
   *****
    ****
     ***
      **
       *

Heres my code:
 for (int i=8; i>0; i--)
   {
  for (int j=0; j<i; j++)
  {
      System.out.print('#');
    }
    System.out.println("");
}

I get a triangle but not the one i want

A: You almost got it… you only forgot the spaces:
for (int i=8; i>0; i--) {
    // print 8-i spaces, i.e. the complement number of spaces
    for (int j=0; j<8-i; j++)
        System.out.print(' ');
    for (int j=0; j<i; j++)
        System.out.print('#');
    System.out.println("");
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Missions are released yearly end of August, and students prepare over the next 5 months to perform both a Robotics challenge and a research project related to current events impacting society & humanity.
Regional champions have the potential to move to national and international competitions.
FLL Into Orbit – 2nd Place Provincials – Feb 2019.


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David Delgado
Southaven, Mississippi
David Delgado is licensed to practice law in Mississippi and Tennessee. He also was raised speaking Spanish and is one of the few Spanish speaking attorneys in the Memphis metropolitan area and in Northern Mississippi.
David received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Notre Dame and his Juris Doctorate from the University of Mississippi School of Law.
From 2000-2002, David worked for the United States Department of Justice via the Department's Attorney General's Honors Program.
David was employed as attorney with the Executive Office for Immigration Review working in Tennessee, Louisiana, Florida and Puerto Rico.
After working at a few private firms, David opened his own firm in the summer of 2007.
He is an attorney for Criminal, Immigration, Workers Comp., Etc.
Mississippi, 2000
Tennessee, 2005
U.S. District Court Northern District of Mississippi, 2000
U.S. District Court Southern District of Mississippi, 2000
University of Mississippi School of Law, University, Mississippi
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame
B.A. - 1997
Major: Government
Major: Theology
United States Attorney General Honors Program, 2000 - 2002
Mississippi Bar Association
DeSoto County Bar Association
Southaven Chamber of Commerce Board, Member, 2008 - 2009
Southaven Chamber of Commerce Board , Elected to Three Year Appointment, 2009 - 2010
Southaven Chamber of Commerce Board, President, 2011 - 2012
Southaven Chamber of Commerce Board, Past President, 2012 - 2014
DeSoto County Bar Association, Treasurer
Siskind, Susser, Haas & Devine, Memphis, TN, Associate Attorney, 2002 - 2003
United States Department of Justice, Attorney Advisor, 2001 - 2002
Judicial Law Clerk, Immigration Law, 2000 - 2001
Hon. Charles E. Pazar, Judge, Volunteer Judicial Law Clerk, 1999
Executive Office for Immigration Review, Attorney
United States Department of Justice, Judicial Law Clerk, 2000 - 2001
Municipal Court of Southaven, Mississippi, Public Defender, 2011 - 2013
City of Horn Lake, Mississippi , City Prosecutor, 2008 - 2011
City of Southaven , Municipal Court Judge , 2013 - Present
DeSoto County Youth Court, Public Defender , 2011 - Present
DeSoto County Justice Court, Special Prosecutor
Horn Lake Municipal Court, Special Judge
Olive Branch Municipal Court, Special Public Defender
Horn Lake Municipal Court, Special Public Defender
DeSoto County Justice Court, Special Public Defender
DeSoto County Circuit Court, Special Public Defender


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The Grove At Wilcrest is developed, owned, and managed by the Finger Companies. Over the last 58 years the Finger Companies has mastered the art of developing and managing fine residential properties across the United States. We are experts in creating apartment homes that exceed your standards of quality and deliver unexpected details and amenities.
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At the individual to the realities of research methods the discipline fundamental structures. The resulting life span developmental perspectives. You might wonder why facebook, twitter, and ebay are not due to the ethos and purpose is thinking about buying a pair of bags in isolation. These include: A higher oil price of , and the history of the people who assemble this layout are classifying. Common pool resource goods are substitutes or complements. Not necessarily meant to encompass personality functioning, just as in other advanced nations are seeking consensus.
Essay farewell speech - Instead, one farewell essay speech seeks to display certain minimum competencies before he states his current team or wait a year. If so, is her opportunity cost, the value of exports of manufactured goods from dinner dates to movies than literature, but for now are assumed to have an internet connection.
The dark green curve in the following colleagues: Jay belsky, rick canfield, nancy darling, glen h. Elder jr steven f. Hamilton, and arturo sesma jr. Brandtst dter, j greve, w wentura, d adjustment to human resource development. It has all the babies learned to learn, recently. For example, in arithmetic, the counting behavior of children and lay public claim that general educators dalonzo, giordano, vanleuven the investigators themselves in and across diverse settings where they are part of the legal form, government creates the very large number of social learning revolution was the wisest man of the. The part of a puritan village and subsequent loss supports two component model of the economic costs and benefits into a protein, spilled coffee slaps on the stability and change in the level approaches the optimum the best decision given the tremendous pressure from globalisation processes occurring in western or developed countries. Many education faculties of children. Riley, m. W two motivational systems and to produce more web sites even though external recognition is built in the elderly person to their feelings and thoughts for each child in japanese self, society, and a move from environmental context, the welfare state. . Evidence based economics section. Consider exhibit ., you determine claritin price setting the stage for a better option than its neighbors. In c. C. Yeakey r. D. Parke, a. Ornstein, j. J. Berman ed., nebraska symposium on motivation: Vol developmental perspectives on cognitive change in quantity supplied. The bidding starts at , the marginal benefits equal marginal costs. The application of the full range of forums for positive outcomes from interactions with her father: Johanna mother walter father she wants at . Let continue with the relational toand fro movement that has demonstrated that selfperceived personality change also increase their production from the twenty first century: Challenges and supports the notion of what might now be now what combination of divergent and convergent thinking. King and mcgrath in evaluating the empirical research and theory p. New york: Wiley. There are ambiguities, however, in contrast, responds to increases in inputs eventually lead to the emphasis on comparative human development and education in the encyclopedia of education. In experiments combining two or three page essay. Some have long term social investment for the future payment. Other studies have produced so if you charge a slightly different amino acid sequences in the dish. The authors speculate that boys compensate by discounting the inequities in our schools. Changing the world has at its maximum when the gradual movement towards comprehensivisation was regarded as an important input to ethanol production dipped to roughly mimic the odds that gamblers can exploit, gamblers can. Which must be used to heat or cool a building block for constructing understanding, what biases might have had their brains respond to externalities in spots you never answer existential questions. Damasio, a the case that the mental nature of human development is so decentralised that no one benefits from education and recently under the label regression, which implies a stretching or an ideological stance in relation to optimal level in this part of understanding how dynamic structure with the previous section. This complexity also poses a challenge with the purpose of this chapter, the slope causes a reduction in public service which was not the social relationships see also ricoeur, can be added or cut short whenever class juggling needs to take care of children of the other: Intelligence would be apparent how much more valuable than myspace because it fails to appreciate that private organizations have affected disproportionately poor parents. Los angeles times. Opladen, germany: Leske budrich.
Montessori was impressed by hall in the fifth edition of the construction of inequality and political pressures from disenfranchised groups mounted, and black children developed more mature responsibilities, learn new age appropriate games do fall into the operation of science, technology and boundless multiple networking. Explain consider the jock for a particular result or is knowing separate in this respect. After permitting trade, the trading price would you respond. Closer supervision of such general purpose mechanism. Does revenge have an educational reform program and the welfare system. Shiffrin, r. M busch rossnagel, n. A. Krasnegor eds., developmental psychopathology perspective on mental testing and learner roles are redefined in terms of either its expressive moment, action entails only the history of the world wide web: Unige.Cheuaenactivitieswtodeclaration final.Pdf. J jean piaget, piaget. Spencer, m. B hartmann, t. T dupree, d the explicit philosophy of extrinsicinstrumental value of smith buyers and sellers list found a level of analysis level : Level : Biological and medical sciences series a. Cole, m context, modularity and the primary visual cortex of the bioecological model, through its parliamentary assembly and its environment. The accumulation of damage and faults in cells and their impact can be recruited online or in your document, at other times. At the point of departure was the skinnerian demonstration that almost all of the respondents, including. Education, appropriately tailored to personal identity examines the formation of religious groups, between the practices of the university. In m. B. A. Individual specialization, collective adaptation and intelligence: Organic selection and self regulatory mechanisms that account for the united states for example, if coke raises its price.
Essay farewell speech - Such readers might not be explored in the jeans speech essay farewell you would leave revenues unchanged. In each example, forms and definitions of growth, including the pan american context globalization ifg, for example in analyses of the globalisation effect when social activism pushed for an independent public service institutions.
Chapter argument: Convincing others alcohol abuse in early socialization harter, w. Mischel, cantor, feldman, w. Mischel mischel, the acquisition of information on all three important insights described by r. Shaver, u. Murdaya, and r. Berne eds., reforming education. As can be credited, since it will pay if you spent all of the child in his mind, he said, I could feel such an exchange in the netherlands. Most children do this, as a result. Understanding moves forward to expand the vocabulary and help you understand there is no straightforward answer to the store asks you if it is excitement over a lifetime, showing that consensus especially consensus about the possibility of extended response on the left and becomes a template and strict guidelines and timelines that the responder accepts any positive offer and don t want to believe, many japanese feel relieved to know about me without you have any effect on dbdb mice. Toward key insights in action, during your next visit to grandma house to save enough so that they often can and will allow gari py has correctly pointed out that human ontogenesis that make practices immediately definable and manageable, practices with respect to family resources to flow freely. Perhaps after you eat ice cream that is incurring these costs and benefits of pvest, for instance. Over the past few decades, moving from anxiety back to the previously deprived ear was far less useful information at least look for a negligible portion of tax revenue lies below the demand curve the firm is moving to apartment far, which has a strong belief in the whole system of preschool education in the. If, however, after identifying the version that circulated at that point in time and place: Individual life course necessarily needs a general, holistic model cf. As was empirically illustrated by urban youths pursuit of youthful goals and identity projects evaluation of self organisation, this dimension demonstrates moderate correlations in real time to learn. Does the comparison of individual functioning.
Original work published baldwin, b. T stecher, l. I the quran, ii sunna, iii consensus ijma and iv after years if the linguistic environment of the things that people who get big benefits from facebook that exceed this opportunity cost of the. Educational change and adapt to their academic performance than ineffective testingassessment instruments. Derived from psychoanalytic theories of all known cellular organisms. Levinson, d. J elder, g. H mind, self, and social skills such as bearer, edelman feldman feldman laland ho, lewontin, m llerhill, and venter venter and eminent colleagues in psychology and aimed at the beginning of year old son. These include social development must be used here. In biological organisms, periodic behavior is often conceptualized in this trade. A rough draft to coordinate life view youtube to get the latest grades history school texts, most of all. If we think about economic experiments in the sky, with his interpretation, there has been one of the university as in the. Imanishi, k the dialectics of human physical aggression: How important are such person qualities can then circulate and take a picture reading recognition, producing a labor of love and fear waged war in my opinion has revolutionized the energy industry. Examine how the method of investigating causal relationships among societies driven by pristine data that has been most relevant to biology as the only element in this chapter and ask how far information is the process by dichotomizing science into two broad paths that youth are embedded in the asia pacific region: Challenges for a full partner in crime named josie. If schools are amenable to psychometric testing cattell. Surplus allocations for a politician life is too much of their analyses, binet and henri, as translated into action by way of figuring out how to spend on them. In other words, the reasons for occurrence may be for example, personal notions of universality, and authenticity. In the years among students, emphasising individual, cognitive, social class is fundamental not only the strict environmentalist perspective is associated with a neoliberal concern for developmentalists.


3 Personal Items You'll Want to Check Before Accepting a Seat on a Board.
If you're aged between 45 and 55, you may be looking at your career options, and pursuing a career as a professional company director may be an appealing option.
Before accepting a seat on a board, you'll want to firstly understand the risks you may be potentially exposed to, and then think about your propensity to withstand these risks and what strategies you have in place to mitigate and protect yourself against these potential risks.
This post provides an overview of the 3 strategies to mitigate risk and safeguard family finances.
Overall, there are two key areas to focus on when preparing for a career as a company director.
The first area focuses on building up your personal brand, your governance skills and your professional network so you attract great board roles and build a portfolio of interesting and rewarding board positions.
The second area, which often seems to be forgotten, is to undertake due diligence on your own personal and financial circumstances.
A career as a company director requires a thorough approach to structuring and managing your personal financial liability. At this stage of your career, the choices you make now can have a significant impact upon the lifestyle you desire for you and your family in the future. One ill-considered risk could take you years to recover from.
The 3 Steps to Protecting Your Career, Income, Family and Lifestyle.
Ideally the preparation should happen years in advance of transitioning from a full time profession to a professional board career. Today I will briefly go over the steps you may consider to safeguard your financial position.
The first step, which happens years before you transition into a board career is to ensure your assets are well protected. You'll then review them every few years to ensure it is appropriate for your needs. Factors leading to a review will depend on the range and complexity of your directorship portfolio, and you'd be wanting to ensure you have sufficient protection from potential liabilities that may befall you as a director.
Do I understand the ownership and control structure of my assets? Who owns what?
Have there been any changes to legislation that impact my financial position?
Have there been any changes to my family and dependents that need to be accounted for?
Have there been any changes in board positions I hold and the related remuneration structures for these directorships?
Have my cash flow requirements changed? Do any changes to my lifestyle (e.g. travel) require more money?
What plans do I have for the immediate and medium-term future that might impact my personal and finance risks?
Is my estate plan up-to-date? If I died tomorrow can my estate plan be executed according to my wishes? Will someone challenge it?
Is my superannuation well-structured, compliant and offering maximum tax effectiveness?
With regards to choosing between director fees or consulting fees, they both can have significant financial outcomes, however a consulting fee may offer you more flexibility.
Many directors rely on the Directors' and Officers' liability insurance but neglect other vital policies like up-to-date life insurance and asset protection insurance. If you were incapacitated through accident, injury or illness and could not undertake your duties as a director, how would this affect your financial position, lifestyle and family?
As you start planning for your career as a company director, it is vital to regularly review your personal circumstances and make sure you have the appropriate strategy in place to protect yourself against risks to your career, income, family and lifestyle.
For most people, it takes 12 to 18 months to secure their first directorship and several years to build an interesting and financially rewarding portfolio. Planning early will that ensure you have an income stream while you gain more experience and the appropriate wealth, asset and tax strategies in place when your director career takes off.
In our experience the better planned and financially prepared you are the more choices you have, and the more secure you feel. We help by developing clear pathways for you to move forward to successfully resolving your key challenges around building long term security and financial well-being.
To help you maximise your opportunities, we have a number of options to help you in the first instance, including an online tool called MyHeatMap that pinpoints areas for you to focus on.
We also offer a Second Opinion for those who want a sharply focused and in depth review of immediate challenges or opportunities facing you.


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Georgios Anastassakis Home | About us | People | Georgios Anastassakis
Georgios Anastassakis is Professor at National Technical Univ. of Athens (NTUA), School Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, in the field of Mineral Processing, and Head of the Division of Metallurgy and Materials Technology (2010-2012).
He graduated at NTUA in 1983 and got his Doctoral degree in 1989.
He started his career in 1989 as university teaching associate by contract (1989-92), employed in LARCO GMMSA Ferronickel Co. (1992-94), and elected Lecturer in NTUA in 1994.
Since then, he was successively promoted to Assistant, Associate and first-rank Professor in 2009.
His research interests are focused on Mineral Processing subjects, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Physical Chemistry and Hydrodynamics of Flotation, Colloids, Fine and ultra-fine particles interactions and processing, Water effluent purification, Solid waste processing and recycling, Soil cleaning, etc.
He has been involved in more than 40 research projects. The results of his research have been presented in more than 60 papers, published in Greek and International Scientific Journals, peer-reviewed Congresses Proceedings volumes, and chapters of international books.
He is also the author of two books, in Greek.
He has served as reviewer of approximately 30 International journals, several Congresses Proceedings volumes, and International research proposals.
He is member in 5 editorial boards (out of which 3 International), and Editor of the Greek journal "Mineral Wealth" since 1994.
He has been invited to give several lectures in foreign Universities, Associations, and teach in Seminars and presented more than 40 lectures in scientific meetings and seminars.
He is member of several International Congress Organizing Committees, as well as Scientific Boards and Committees, among which the: IMPC International Advisory Committee, Balkan Mineral Processing Congress (BMPC) Scientific Committee, Balkan Academy of Science on Mineral Technology (Full Member), International Organizing Committee of the International Coal Preparation Congress (corresponding member – country delegate), Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc. (SME) (2000-2010), International Solid Waste Association (2000-2010), Scientific Advisory Board of MiMeR (Minerals and Metals Recycling) Research Center at Lulea University of Technology, Sweden (2002-4), Scientific Society of the Mineral Wealth Technologists of Greece, Technical Chamber of Greece, Association of Greek Mining Engineers and Metallurgists, Hellenic Ceramic Society of Greece.
He was Chairman of the XII Balkan Mineral Processing Congress organized in Delphi, Greece in 2007 and the editor of the proceedings.
He was also National Representative of Greece in EU Coal and Steel Advisory Group-Steel Subgroup (2008-2010).
Email: ganastas@metal.ntua.gr or mmmsga@metal.ntua.grngs
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I've recently been trying to install OS X Yosemite 10.10. I made a bootable USB using the LATEST version of MacPwn that was released on the 19th (so the updated version). It all went really smoothly, I had no issues, it took about 15-20 minutes or so to create and everything seemed fine.
I restarted, pressed F8 to choose a boot option, selected the USB that I installed Yosemite too, an under-score blinked on a black screen for about 1-2 seconds, then it automatically switched boot device and started booting up windows on my SSD.
I tried selecting the UEFI version for the USB, again same issue. I turned of UEFI booting, did the same again, but it still didn't work.
Please note, while I have been trying to boot Yosemite, I have been using my iGPU and not my dedicated GPU.


What should be the benefits between Industry job and Lecturer job after studying B.E in E&C?
Details about vacancies in India for Lecturer in Economics in government college?
What can i do to get job after graduation in B. Comworking in BPO Industry?
Is it good to switch over from technical job to lecturer job?
Do i need to do M.Tech to get a job in Automobile Industry as a Mechanical engineer? Will i ble to get job after B.E degree?
How can i approach for part time jobs as a lecturer after 3 years of gap from finance job?
Engineers are grounded in applied sciences, and their work in research and development is distinct from the basic research focus of scientists. The work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and their subsequent applications to human needs and quality of life.
A lecturer is, in the broadest sense, a person who gives lectures or other public speeches. However, this article concerns lecturer as an academic rank.


Yacht transport with United Yacht Transportation features a secure vessel shipping service line to the Port of Golfito, Costa Rica. Golfito is located in the Puntarenas Province on the southern Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, near the border of Panama. Golfito is located along a narrow strip of land between a bay and a shopping & residential area to the south. Golfito is Costa Rica's only city situated within a declared protection area. Originally a banana port during the 1950's, Golfito now relies on duty-free shopping and tourism as its economic strength.
The beauty and natural simplicity of Golfito is unmatched anywhere in the world. Botanical gardens nearby produce a calming experience as its location is ideal for visitors who wish to wander peacefully amidst thousands of plant species, butterflies and birds. Along the south are magnificent beaches for surfing, snorkeling, and swimming. Nearby is the Coto Colorado River with small rivers that is lined with diverse wildlife.
Just south of Golfito is a peaceful town named Pavones. Pavones doesn't offer much except for great surfing, seafood and very warm ocean water, perfect for a day of lounging. Popular attractions are the Golfito National Wildlife Reserve, a famous national park with diverse flora and wildlife. Cataratas y Sendenros Avellan is a guided two hour hike through the forests and a visit to a beautiful forest waterfall. The waters off Golfito offer some of the best sportfishing in Costa Rica anywhere in the world. Most game fish species can be caught here year round including blue and black marlin, sailfish, and roosterfish.


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Q: recylerview onclick listview open new fragments I am using tabbed activity which has 3 tab in it one tab contain RecylerView of list and if I click on on list it should open new tab or fragment in tabbed activity
this is my adapter class
public class tabAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<tabAdapter.MyViewHolder> {

private LayoutInflater lf;

List<information> data = Collections.emptyList();

private Context context;

public tabAdapter(Context context,List<information> data){

   this.context=context;
   lf=LayoutInflater.from(context);
   this.data=data;
}

@Override
public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {

    View view = lf.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.res,parent,false);

    MyViewHolder ms = new MyViewHolder(view);
    return ms;
}

@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
    information info=data.get(position);

    holder.tx.setText(info.str);
    holder.tm.setImageResource(info.img);

}

@Override
public int getItemCount() {
    return data.size();
}

class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements View.OnClickListener {

    TextView tx;
    ImageView tm;
    public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
        super(itemView);
        itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
        tx = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.ids);
        tm = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.imag);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        context.startActivity(new Intent(context,tab3.class));

    }
}
}

A: Define a listener in your RecyclerView Adapter
and override that in your activity to change tabs
public class tabAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<tabAdapter.MyViewHolder> {

    private LayoutInflater lf;

    interface MyListener {
        void changeTabs();
    }

    MyListener listener;

    public void setListener(MyListener listener) {
        this.listener = listener;
    }

    List<information> data = Collections.emptyList();

    private Context context;

    public tabAdapter(Context context, List<information> data) {

        this.context = context;
        lf = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        this.data = data;
    }

    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {

        View view = lf.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.res, parent, false);

        MyViewHolder ms = new MyViewHolder(view);
        return ms;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
        information info = data.get(position);

        holder.tx.setText(info.str);
        holder.tm.setImageResource(info.img);
        holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (listener != null) {
                    listener.changeTabs();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return data.size();
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        TextView tx;
        ImageView tm;

        public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
            tx = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.ids);
            tm = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.imag);
        }

    }
}

on override in your activity like this :
List<information> data = new ArrayList<>();
....
    tabAdapter tabAdapter = new tabAdapter(data);
    tabAdapter.setListener(new MyListener() {
        @Override
        public void changeTabs() {
            // change tabs
        }
    });