text:
Q: Rails, CKEditor; trying to render partial based on contents of the edited string I've just included the ckeditor in my rails app; works great. I have a PageComponent model which has a text field that stores the contents that are then rendered into the show view, like this:
<%= raw @page_component.page_content %>

I just had the idea that maybe I could include an erb statement within the page_content attribute text, like this:
<%= render :partial=>'some_partial' %>

but it doesn't appear to work. The text is saved properly into the field, but nothing appears on the page. This was just a basic idea test, and I'm not sure it's even possible as rails may have already gone through the whole response rendering thing at this point. Is doing something like this possible, and if so, how?

A: Like you said, the <%= %> tags are ERB tags, so one way of solving your problem is to simply use the ERB class provided in Ruby (and already included in your views and helpers) to translate and execute the contents of any tags in the the page_content string and give you the resulting string back.  The binding() parameter passed to the result method contains the current (Rails) context, allowing the string to be interpreted just like a normal Rails view.
You could put the following method in your PageComponent helper:
def translate_erb(string)
  ERB.new(string, 0).result(binding()) # 0 is a 'safety level' (see docs)
end

Then in your view, call that method like so:
<%= raw translate_erb(@page_component.page_content) %>

Whilst this will work, I'd highly recommend against it.  By implementing this, you are allowing the user a lot more flexibility than they should ever have and, as a result, this is a complete security disaster.  Ideally you should create your own markup or use some other method to add this functionality in such a way that you don't give the user total freedom to do whatever they want.  However, as long as you understand this, it is a viable method.  Just please be very careful how you use it!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Can anyone help me solve this differential equation? $y''+9y=0, y(\frac{\pi}{3})=3, y'(\frac{\pi}{3})=3$. I have got a general solution of $y(x)= C\cos(3x)+ D\sin(3x)$ but I am having trouble solving for the initial value portion

A: Your first initial condition gives you
$$y(\pi/3)=3=C \cos(3 \pi/3) + D \sin(3 \pi/3) = C \cos(\pi) + D \sin(\pi)=-C$$
so $C=-3$. Now differentiate and do the same thing for $y'(\pi/3)$.
In general you would need to solve a system of linear equations to deal with the initial conditions. Here we are fortunate that the equations nicely decouple, so we don't have to do that.

A: $y(\frac{\pi}{3}) = 3 \to -C = 0 \to C = 0, y'(\frac{\pi}{3}) = 3 \to -3D =3 \to D = -1$


The day started off so weird, I mean with Beans and all. After I woke up from my morning's sleep Beans was right there staring at me, waiting for me. I chuckled to myself, I thought about a story I heard when I was a kid about somebody taking a thorn out of a lion's paw. Actually, I hope Beans stays with me, I've been kind of lonely. I miss Lisa, and I miss home…a lot.
Before I started out last night I saw that the train tracks looked like a giant snake on the map. There were a lot of switchbacks and I was tempted to cut off the turns and go cross-country. I learned my lesson last night, no more short cuts. Besides walking the tracks eliminates a whole lot of the worst of the hills and gullies. I will stick to the tracks as long as it's safe.
Last night just after we started walking I saw this sign that said Sibyl. Yeah, out in the middle of absolute nowhere there is a sign telling you what it is, or what it was. It isn't anything now except train tracks running through the desert. But at least I could point out where I was…Sibyl. Beans and I pushed on.
Feels weird to have a much heavier pack. I thought it would be no big deal that I would adjust to the added weight after walking awhile. I didn't adjust and I didn't get used to it. It is a way heavier pack. Then again, I have more "stuff" to survive whatever is ahead of me. I need to stop whining…I have a long way to go and whining doesn't help a bit, not one single bit.
I had no plan on how far I would go last night. I got side tracked with taking care of Beans. A little dot on the map called Dragon was about a twelve mile walk, maybe four hours give or take. But I didn't know how well Beans would hold up so I didn't want to push it. I wouldn't go through Dragon during the daylight no matter what. Dragon is about two miles due east of exit 318 on I-10, still in Arizona. It's big enough to have streets showing up on the map, and looks like a post office there as well. Then its maybe ten miles or so to Cochise, AZ. Wilcox, AZ is my next big town after that; and about ten miles on the other side of Cochise. I wish the towns were spread a little further apart so I didn't have to worry so much about my timing going through them.
It's so weird, there are these huge mountains, a whole mountain range, ahead of me, and I can see them in the distance. But the map is show a really flat nice pass right through them. According to the map it is as flat as can be and really wide as well. It's called Big Draw. Seems appropriate. I have to keep remembering not to worry too much, the train tracks are laid through country that doesn't force the trains to go up or down steep grades unless there is no other option. It's too dangerous and too expensive to make them struggle going up and down mountains. I should be OK.
I am worried about Wilcox, AZ. I know it is a pretty big place. Well, pretty big for out in the middle of the desert. At some point people are going to go from being cooperative mode to survival mode. Once the food starts really running out, then all bets are off and people will be more worried about where their next meal is coming from than working together with their town or neighbors. It will get even worse, far worse, if police try to crack down and force "law & order." In many ways law & order is just another term for police state, and power rules in a police state…at the end of a gun barrel. But, one step at a time…one night at a time…one problem at a time. Plan ahead, but deal with the here and now…most of all.
After a little snack, writing a bit, we decided to have a look around. I had forgot to spot a stock tank for water and that was my highest priority. Took about 20 minutes of looking but there was one nearby. The water tank was in a nearby draw, kind of a steep place with some grass and a couple of tall mesquite trees, and maybe one cottonwood. I just don't know my trees well enough to know. All I know…it was shade. And then it hit me!
I was "crusty" and a little sore…I hadn't showered for a week now. I am sure I stunk but I couldn't smell myself. Maybe that is how Beans found me. Anyways, I decided I was going to take a bath. The water in the stock tank was crystal clear and decently warm/cool. I told Beans she had guard duty, I stripped down naked, and climbed in the stock tank. I am glad that whoever owned that tank hadn't converted it from windmill to solar like most of them. I don't think the solar powered well pumps are working anymore.
As I was putting my clothes back on I noticed all the cow tracks…and some horse tracks as well. I am an idiot! Here I was naked, in a stock tank washing away like I didn't have a care in the world. I didn't have a lookout, no one was watching my back, and someone could have just walked up on me. And there wouldn't be a dang thing I could have done about it. Not only that, while the water was clear and appeared to be clean…that doesn't mean it was safe. So, the question is, do I know have some kind of crud from the water?
Needless to say I finished getting dressed very quickly, gathered my gear, and headed off to the next best hiding place for the rest of the day. I was smart enough to mix my tracks in with the cow and horse tracks for a bit, then I turned off to find a hiding place. I used a brush clump to sweep away my tracks for a good 100' or so. A trained tracker wouldn't be fooled, but I am guessing there aren't many of those around here. Or at least I hope not. I think I trusted in Beans too much. She's a nice dog but I don't know if she's good enough to warn me and protect me. I hope I never have to find out. I have to do better.


In 2009 I began studying media production. I loved getting creative, finding out about people and telling their story. I took on runner roles at the BBC and Game of Thrones whilst completing my studies and for the following year after graduation.
From there I was lucky enough to receive a scholarship for an MSc in Software Development. I've now been working as a Front End Developer for the last 2.5 years building bespoke sites and managing bugs for around 2 million users.
How did you become interested in UX Design?
My initial interest in UX came from a user focused background. Media production is about understanding your audience, storytelling and producing an experience.
Around a year ago, I undertook a 2 day UX Foundation course, which was really interesting. It was clear to me that I would be able to intertwine media and development in order to improve user experience in many different ways.
I'd also see myself as a problem solver and it was clear to see how good product design made massive changes to the way in which we live life.
Has your background in Front End Development helped you?
Working as a Developer has been very beneficial. An important aspect for both development and design is to learn and grow daily. It can be fast paced and challenging having to consider lots of different possibilities such as devices, browsers, users and UI.
It highlights the importance of UX; with knowledge of the restrictions in which browsers and devices place on what you are able to produce.
What courses and/or UX resources have you found useful?
There are many free online courses; my two favourite being thegymnasium.com and ideo.org. I've also read blogs such as UX Magazine to gain inspiration before doing user research and watch tutorials on lynda.com and Pluralsight about Sketch and User Centered Design. Also chatting with others is encouraging as you are able give each other perspective and encouragement whilst learning.
What has been the most challenging part about learning UX?
The most challenging part of UX for me is the initial stage of research. Making sure that the right types of questions are being directed to the different user groups in order to figure out the best solution to proceed with.
There are also many ways in which you could complete analysis and that doesn't always mean you are getting the correct answers, so being confident about your decisions and skills are very important.
Can you talk a little about your experience of UX mentorship using UXmentor.me?
I found UXmentor.me whilst browsing online. I already used Slack as a communication tool in work so it seemed simple and easy for me to join up!
I said hello in the announcements page and got a reply from the mentors welcoming me to the site, I felt quite at ease because everyone was at my level and messaged a few others that had also joined recently.
I got chatting to Tina, who lives in London and after chatting for a couple of days decided to take on a user centred design challenge together through Skype and record our interviews before prototyping up a solution to our problems.
UXmentor.me has provided me with a community to relate to; I've grown in confidence and knowledge through reading others questions and answers from experienced mentors.
As a beginner, do you feel there is adequate high quality information out there?
There is plenty of high quality information out there and many opportunities to put it into practice through free online courses and support from others that know the struggles of those that are starting out.
There are many different ways of practicing good UX and depending on the project and its working out what is beneficial.
When starting out, there is a lot to learn and important to get your own perspective on what your understanding of UX is.
My advice would be to get involved with UXmentor.me which will give support and answers to any concerns while you get to grips with UX.
The most valuable learning comes from taking on a project that involves going through the process and solving the problems on the way.
You can connect with Joanna on LinkedIn or @joanna_tweet on Twitter.


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The Hope credit and lifetime learning credit are two tax credits available to help pay for college for you, your spouse, or your dependent. A tax credit provides a dollar-for-dollar reduction in the amount of federal income taxes that you owe.
For example, if you owe $2,000 in income taxes and have a $1,000 tax credit, you cut your tax bill in half. In general, you cannot receive a refund for the portion of a tax credit that exceeds the amount of federal income taxes that you paid.
The Hope credit can be used for expenses incurred in the first two years of college, up to $1,500 per qualified student, per year.
The lifetime learning credit applies to tuition costs for undergraduates, graduates, and those improving job skills through a training program. This credit can be used for 20% of up to $10,000 in qualified expenses per year (no matter how many qualifying students you claim).
You can receive tax-free distributions from education savings accounts (ESAs) or QTPs without affecting your use of the Hope or lifetime learning credit. The only stipulation is that you don't claim the credit for expenses that you pay with these tax-advantaged accounts. (Distributions from an ESA or QTP are excluded from income when calculating the credit.) You must complete IRS Form 8863: "Education Credits" if you use either credit.
To help you calculate your credit, the IRS requires the school that you attend to mail a Form 1098T: "Tuition Payments Statement" by Feb. 1.
Use of the Hope credit and lifetime learning credit phases out at higher incomes. For taxpayers filing a single return, the tax credits begin to phase out when modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) reaches $43,000. For couples filing a joint return, the credits begin to phase out when income reaches $87,000. These credits phase out completely when income reaches $53,000 for single persons, and $107,000 for married persons filing a joint return.
The above information is educational and should not be interpreted as financial advice. For advice that is specific to your circumstances, you should consult a financial or tax adviser.


text:
package cherry_wave.nmg.view.patterns;

import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;

import com.afollestad.materialdialogs.DialogAction;
import com.afollestad.materialdialogs.MaterialDialog;
import com.orm.SugarRecord;

import org.parceler.Parcels;

import cherry_wave.nmg.R;
import cherry_wave.nmg.model.Pattern;

public class PatternDeleteDialog extends DialogFragment {

    private static final String ARG_PATTERN = "pattern";

    private PatternsActivity patternsActivity;
    private Pattern pattern;

    public static PatternDeleteDialog newInstance(Pattern pattern) {
        PatternDeleteDialog patternDeleteDialog = new PatternDeleteDialog();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putParcelable(ARG_PATTERN, Parcels.wrap(pattern));
        patternDeleteDialog.setArguments(args);
        return patternDeleteDialog;
    }

    @Override
    @NonNull
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        patternsActivity = (PatternsActivity) getActivity();
        pattern = Parcels.unwrap(getArguments().getParcelable(ARG_PATTERN));

        MaterialDialog.Builder builder = new MaterialDialog.Builder(getActivity())
                .content(R.string.confirm_delete_pattern)
                .autoDismiss(false)
                .positiveText(R.string.delete)
                .positiveColorRes(R.color.colorPrimary)
                .onPositive(new MaterialDialog.SingleButtonCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(@NonNull MaterialDialog dialog, @NonNull DialogAction which) {
                        SugarRecord.delete(pattern);
                        patternsActivity.updatePatterns();
                        dialog.dismiss();
                    }
                })
                .negativeText(R.string.cancel)
                .negativeColorRes(R.color.colorPrimary)
                .onNegative(new MaterialDialog.SingleButtonCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(@NonNull MaterialDialog dialog, @NonNull DialogAction which) {
                        patternsActivity.getAdd().show();
                        dialog.dismiss();
                    }
                });
        return builder.build();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Lata Mangeshkar admitted to hospital after contracting COVID-19
personAgency access_time2022-01-11 chat_bubble_outline0
MUMBAI: Legendary singer Lata Mangeshkar tested positive for Covid-19.
The 92-year-old singer was admitted to Breach Candy hospital in Mumbai in view of her old age.
In November 2019 also, the Bharat Ratna awardeeMangeshkar had been admitted to the hospital due to viral chest congestion.
Considered one of the greatest playback singers in Indian cinema, Lata Mangeshkar received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 2001. Lata Mangeshkar is also the recipient of several awards including Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and multiple National Film Awards.
BP's role on Nepali literature and politics hailed
Belauri to host three-day Maghi festival
Monica wins Miss Queen Lamjung title
Khadka is FAAN president
International Children's Theatre Festival underway

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml;charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9"/>
<title>Boost.Locale: Boundary Analysis</title>

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Boost.Locale

Main Page

Modules

Namespaces

Classes

Files

Examples

Classes |
Typedefs |
Enumerations |
Functions |
Friends

Boundary Analysis

Classes

class  	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point< IteratorType >

 	This class represents a boundary point in the text.  More...

struct  	boost::locale::boundary::break_info

 	This structure is used for representing boundary point that follows the offset.  More...

class  	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_indexing< Char >

 	This facet generates an index for boundary analysis for a given text.  More...

class  	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >

 	This class holds an index of segments in the text range and allows to iterate over them.  More...

class  	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >

 	This class holds an index of boundary points and allows iterating over them.  More...

class  	boost::locale::boundary::segment< IteratorType >

 	a segment object that represents a pair of two iterators that define the range where this segment exits and a rule that defines it.  More...

Typedefs

typedef std::vector< break_info > 	boost::locale::boundary::index_type

typedef BaseIterator 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::base_iterator

typedef unspecified_iterator_type 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::iterator

typedef unspecified_iterator_type 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::const_iterator

typedef segment< base_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::value_type

typedef BaseIterator 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::base_iterator

typedef unspecified_iterator_type 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::iterator

typedef unspecified_iterator_type 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::const_iterator

typedef boundary_point

< base_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::value_type

typedef segment_index

< std::string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::ssegment_index

typedef segment_index

< std::wstring::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::wssegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment_index

< std::u16string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::u16ssegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment_index

< std::u32string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::u32ssegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment_index< char

const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::csegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment_index< wchar_t

const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::wcsegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment_index

< char16_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::u16csegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment_index

< char32_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::u32csegment_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< std::string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::sboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< std::wstring::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::wsboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< std::u16string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::u16sboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< std::u32string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::u32sboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< char const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::cboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< wchar_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::wcboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< char16_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::u16cboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef boundary_point_index

< char32_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::u32cboundary_point_index

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment

< std::string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::ssegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment

< std::wstring::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::wssegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment

< std::u16string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::u16ssegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment

< std::u32string::const_iterator > 	boost::locale::boundary::u32ssegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment< char const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::csegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment< wchar_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::wcsegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment< char16_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::u16csegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef segment< char32_t const * > 	boost::locale::boundary::u32csegment

 	convenience typedef

typedef uint32_t 	boost::locale::boundary::rule_type

 	Flags used with word boundary analysis -- the type of the word, line or sentence boundary found.

Enumerations

enum  	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_type { boost::locale::boundary::character,
boost::locale::boundary::word,
boost::locale::boundary::sentence,
boost::locale::boundary::line
 }

Functions

template<typename BaseIterator >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator== (BaseIterator const &l, boundary_point< BaseIterator > const &r)

template<typename BaseIterator >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator!= (BaseIterator const &l, boundary_point< BaseIterator > const &r)

 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index ()

 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index (boundary_type type, base_iterator begin, base_iterator end, rule_type mask, std::locale const &loc=std::locale())

 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index (boundary_type type, base_iterator begin, base_iterator end, std::locale const &loc=std::locale())

 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index (boundary_point_index< base_iterator > const &)

segment_index const & 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::operator= (boundary_point_index< base_iterator > const &)

void 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::map (boundary_type type, base_iterator begin, base_iterator end, std::locale const &loc=std::locale())

iterator 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::begin () const

iterator 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::end () const

iterator 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::find (base_iterator p) const

rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::rule () const

void 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::rule (rule_type v)

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::full_select () const

void 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::full_select (bool v)

 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index ()

 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index (boundary_type type, base_iterator begin, base_iterator end, rule_type mask, std::locale const &loc=std::locale())

 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index (boundary_type type, base_iterator begin, base_iterator end, std::locale const &loc=std::locale())

 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index (segment_index< base_iterator > const &other)

boundary_point_index const & 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::operator= (segment_index< base_iterator > const &other)

void 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::map (boundary_type type, base_iterator begin, base_iterator end, std::locale const &loc=std::locale())

iterator 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::begin () const

iterator 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::end () const

iterator 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::find (base_iterator p) const

rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::rule () const

void 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::rule (rule_type v)

template<typename IteratorL , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator== (segment< IteratorL > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare two segments.

template<typename IteratorL , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator!= (segment< IteratorL > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare two segments.

template<typename IteratorL , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator< (segment< IteratorL > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare two segments.

template<typename IteratorL , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator<= (segment< IteratorL > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare two segments.

template<typename IteratorL , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator> (segment< IteratorL > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare two segments.

template<typename IteratorL , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator>= (segment< IteratorL > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare two segments.

template<typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator== (std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator!= (std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator< (std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator<= (std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator> (std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator>= (std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator== (segment< Iterator > const &l, std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator!= (segment< Iterator > const &l, std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator< (segment< Iterator > const &l, std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator<= (segment< Iterator > const &l, std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator> (segment< Iterator > const &l, std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType , typename Traits , typename Alloc >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator>= (segment< Iterator > const &l, std::basic_string< CharType, Traits, Alloc > const &r)

 	Compare string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator== (CharType const *l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator!= (CharType const *l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator< (CharType const *l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator<= (CharType const *l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator> (CharType const *l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename IteratorR >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator>= (CharType const *l, segment< IteratorR > const &r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator== (segment< Iterator > const &l, CharType const *r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator!= (segment< Iterator > const &l, CharType const *r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator< (segment< Iterator > const &l, CharType const *r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator<= (segment< Iterator > const &l, CharType const *r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator> (segment< Iterator > const &l, CharType const *r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename Iterator , typename CharType >

bool 	boost::locale::boundary::operator>= (segment< Iterator > const &l, CharType const *r)

 	Compare C string and segment.

template<typename CharType , typename TraitsType , typename Iterator >

std::basic_ostream< CharType,

TraitsType > & 	boost::locale::boundary::operator<< (std::basic_ostream< CharType, TraitsType > &out, segment< Iterator > const &tok)

rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_rule (boundary_type t)

Friends

class 	boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index< base_iterator >

class 	boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index< base_iterator >

Flags that describe a type of word selected

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_none = 0x0000F

 	Not a word, like white space or punctuation mark.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_number = 0x000F0

 	Word that appear to be a number.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_letter = 0x00F00

 	Word that contains letters, excluding kana and ideographic characters.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_kana = 0x0F000

 	Word that contains kana characters.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_ideo = 0xF0000

 	Word that contains ideographic characters.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_any = 0xFFFF0

 	Any word including numbers, 0 is special flag, equivalent to 15.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_letters = 0xFFF00

 	Any word, excluding numbers but including letters, kana and ideograms.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_kana_ideo = 0xFF000

 	Word that includes kana or ideographic characters.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::word_mask = 0xFFFFF

Flags that describe a type of line break

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::line_soft = 0x0F

 	Soft line break: optional but not required.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::line_hard = 0xF0

 	Hard line break: like break is required (as per CR/LF)

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::line_any = 0xFF

 	Soft or Hard line break.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::line_mask = 0xFF

 	Select all types of line breaks.

Flags that describe a type of sentence break

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::sentence_term = 0x0F

 	The sentence was terminated with a sentence terminator like ".", "!" possible followed by hard separator like CR, LF, PS.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::sentence_sep = 0xF0

 	The sentence does not contain terminator like ".", "!" but ended with hard separator like CR, LF, PS or end of input.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::sentence_any = 0xFF

 	Either first or second sentence break type;.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::sentence_mask = 0xFF

 	Select all sentence breaking points.

Flags that describe a type of character break.

 At this point break iterator does not distinguish different kinds of characters so it is used for consistency.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::character_any = 0xF

 	Not in use, just for consistency.

static const rule_type 	boost::locale::boundary::character_mask = 0xF

 	Select all character breaking points.

Detailed Description

This module contains all operations required for boundary analysis of text: character, word, like and sentence boundaries

This module contains all operations required for boundary analysis of text: character, word, like and sentence boundaries

Typedef Documentation

template<typename BaseIterator>

          typedef BaseIterator boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::base_iterator

The type of the iterator used to iterate over the original text

template<typename BaseIterator >

          typedef BaseIterator boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::base_iterator

The type of the iterator used to iterate over the original text

template<typename BaseIterator>

          typedef unspecified_iterator_type boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::const_iterator

The bidirectional iterator that iterates over value_type objects.

The iterators may be invalidated by use of any non-const member function including but not limited to rule(rule_type) and full_select(bool).

The returned value_type object is valid as long as iterator points to it. So this following code is wrong as t used after p was updated:

     segment_index<some_iterator>::iterator p=index.begin();
     segment<some_iterator> &t = *p;
     ++p;
     cout << t.str() << endl;

template<typename BaseIterator >

          typedef unspecified_iterator_type boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::const_iterator

The bidirectional iterator that iterates over value_type objects.

The iterators may be invalidated by use of any non-const member function including but not limited to rule(rule_type) member function.

The returned value_type object is valid as long as iterator points to it. So this following code is wrong as t used after p was updated:

     boundary_point_index<some_iterator>::iterator p=index.begin();
     boundary_point<some_iterator> &t = *p;
     ++p;
     rule_type r = t->rule();

          typedef std::vector<break_info> boost::locale::boundary::index_type

This type holds the analysis of the text - all its break points with marks

template<typename BaseIterator>

          typedef unspecified_iterator_type boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::iterator

The bidirectional iterator that iterates over value_type objects.

The iterators may be invalidated by use of any non-const member function including but not limited to rule(rule_type) and full_select(bool).

The returned value_type object is valid as long as iterator points to it. So this following code is wrong as t used after p was updated:

     segment_index<some_iterator>::iterator p=index.begin();
     segment<some_iterator> &t = *p;
     ++p;
     cout << t.str() << endl;

template<typename BaseIterator >

          typedef unspecified_iterator_type boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::iterator

The bidirectional iterator that iterates over value_type objects.

The iterators may be invalidated by use of any non-const member function including but not limited to rule(rule_type) member function.

The returned value_type object is valid as long as iterator points to it. So this following code is wrong as t used after p was updated:

     boundary_point_index<some_iterator>::iterator p=index.begin();
     boundary_point<some_iterator> &t = *p;
     ++p;
     rule_type r = t->rule();

          typedef uint32_t boost::locale::boundary::rule_type

Flags used with word boundary analysis -- the type of the word, line or sentence boundary found.

It is a bit-mask that represents various combinations of rules used to select this specific boundary.

          typedef segment_index<std::string::const_iterator> boost::locale::boundary::ssegment_index

convenience typedef

template<typename BaseIterator>

          typedef segment<base_iterator> boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::value_type

The type dereferenced by the iterator and const_iterator. It is an object that represents selected segment.

template<typename BaseIterator >

          typedef boundary_point<base_iterator> boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::value_type

The type dereferenced by the iterator and const_iterator. It is an object that represents the selected boundary point.

Enumeration Type Documentation

          enum boost::locale::boundary::boundary_type

This type describes a possible boundary analysis alternatives.

Enumerator:

character

Analyse the text for character boundaries.

word

Analyse the text for word boundaries.

sentence

Analyse the text for Find sentence boundaries.

line

Analyse the text for positions suitable for line breaks.

Function Documentation

template<typename BaseIterator>

          iterator boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::begin
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the iterator on the beginning of the segments range.

Preconditions: the segment_index should have a mapping

Note:

The returned iterator is invalidated by access to any non-const member functions of this object

template<typename BaseIterator >

          iterator boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::begin
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the iterator on the beginning of the boundary points range.

Preconditions: this boundary_point_index should have a mapping

Note:

The returned iterator is invalidated by access to any non-const member functions of this object

template<typename BaseIterator >

          boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index
          (
          	)
           [inline]

Default constructor.

Note:

When this object is constructed by default it does not include a valid index, thus calling begin(), end() or find() member functions would lead to undefined behavior

template<typename BaseIterator >

          boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index
          (
          boundary_type
          type,

          base_iterator
          begin,

          base_iterator
          end,

          rule_type
          mask,

          std::locale const &
          loc = std::locale()

          )
          	 [inline]

Create a segment_index for boundary analysis type of the text in range [begin,end) using a rule mask for locale loc.

template<typename BaseIterator >

          boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index
          (
          boundary_type
          type,

          base_iterator
          begin,

          base_iterator
          end,

          std::locale const &
          loc = std::locale()

          )
          	 [inline]

Create a segment_index for boundary analysis type of the text in range [begin,end) selecting all possible boundary points (full mask) for locale loc.

template<typename BaseIterator >

          boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::boundary_point_index
          (
          segment_index< base_iterator > const &
          other	)

Create a boundary_point_index from a segment_index. It copies all indexing information and uses the default rule (all possible boundary points)

This operation is very cheap, so if you use boundary_point_index and segment_index on same text range it is much better to create one from another rather then indexing the same range twice.

Note:

rule() flags are not copied

          rule_type boost::locale::boundary::boundary_rule
          (
          boundary_type
          t	)
           [inline]

This function returns the mask that covers all variants for specific boundary type

template<typename BaseIterator>

          iterator boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::end
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the iterator on the ending of the segments range.

Preconditions: the segment_index should have a mapping

The returned iterator is invalidated by access to any non-const member functions of this object

template<typename BaseIterator >

          iterator boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::end
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the iterator on the ending of the boundary points range.

Preconditions: this boundary_point_index should have a mapping

Note:

The returned iterator is invalidated by access to any non-const member functions of this object

template<typename BaseIterator>

          iterator boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::find
          (
          base_iterator
          p	)
           const [inline]

Find a first valid segment following a position p.

If p is inside a valid segment this segment is selected:

For example: For word boundary analysis with word_any rule():

"to| be or ", would point to "be",

"t|o be or ", would point to "to",

"to be or| ", would point to end.

Preconditions: the segment_index should have a mapping and p should be valid iterator to the text in the mapped range.

The returned iterator is invalidated by access to any non-const member functions of this object

template<typename BaseIterator >

          iterator boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::find
          (
          base_iterator
          p	)
           const [inline]

Find a first valid boundary point on a position p or following it.

For example: For word boundary analysis of the text "to be or"

"|to be", would return boundary point at "|to be",

"t|o be", would point to "to| be"

Preconditions: the boundary_point_index should have a mapping and p should be valid iterator to the text in the mapped range.

The returned iterator is invalidated by access to any non-const member functions of this object

template<typename BaseIterator>

          bool boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::full_select
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the full_select property value - should segment include in the range values that not belong to specific rule() or not.

The default value is false.

For example for sentence boundary with rule sentence_term the segments of text "Hello! How\nare you?" are "Hello!\", "are you?" when full_select() is false because "How\n" is selected as sentence by a rule spits the text by line feed. If full_select() is true the returned segments are "Hello! ", "How\nare you?" where "How\n" is joined with the following part "are you?"

template<typename BaseIterator>

          void boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::full_select
          (
          bool
          v	)
           [inline]

Set the full_select property value - should segment include in the range values that not belong to specific rule() or not.

The default value is false.

For example for sentence boundary with rule sentence_term the segments of text "Hello! How\nare you?" are "Hello!\", "are you?" when full_select() is false because "How\n" is selected as sentence by a rule spits the text by line feed. If full_select() is true the returned segments are "Hello! ", "How\nare you?" where "How\n" is joined with the following part "are you?"

template<typename BaseIterator>

          void boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::map
          (
          boundary_type
          type,

          base_iterator
          begin,

          base_iterator
          end,

          std::locale const &
          loc = std::locale()

          )
          	 [inline]

Create a new index for boundary analysis type of the text in range [begin,end) for locale loc.

Note:

rule() and full_select() remain unchanged.

Examples:

boundary.cpp, and wboundary.cpp.

template<typename BaseIterator >

          void boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::map
          (
          boundary_type
          type,

          base_iterator
          begin,

          base_iterator
          end,

          std::locale const &
          loc = std::locale()

          )
          	 [inline]

Create a new index for boundary analysis type of the text in range [begin,end) for locale loc.

Note:

rule() remains unchanged.

template<typename BaseIterator >

          bool boost::locale::boundary::operator!=
          (
          BaseIterator const &
          l,

          boundary_point< BaseIterator > const &
          r

          )

Check if the boundary point r points to different location from an iterator l

template<typename CharType , typename TraitsType , typename Iterator >

          std::basic_ostream<CharType,TraitsType>& boost::locale::boundary::operator<<
          (
          std::basic_ostream< CharType, TraitsType > &
          out,

          segment< Iterator > const &
          tok

          )

Write the segment to the stream character by character

template<typename BaseIterator>

          segment_index const& boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::operator=
          (
          boundary_point_index< base_iterator > const &
          	)

Copy an index from a boundary_point_index. It copies all indexing information and uses the default rule (all possible segments)

This operation is very cheap, so if you use boundary_point_index and segment_index on same text range it is much better to create one from another rather then indexing the same range twice.

Note:

rule() flags are not copied

template<typename BaseIterator >

          boundary_point_index const& boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::operator=
          (
          segment_index< base_iterator > const &
          other	)

Copy a boundary_point_index from a segment_index. It copies all indexing information and keeps the current rule() unchanged

This operation is very cheap, so if you use boundary_point_index and segment_index on same text range it is much better to create one from another rather then indexing the same range twice.

Note:

rule() flags are not copied

template<typename BaseIterator >

          bool boost::locale::boundary::operator==
          (
          BaseIterator const &
          l,

          boundary_point< BaseIterator > const &
          r

          )

Check if the boundary point r points to same location as an iterator l

template<typename BaseIterator>

          rule_type boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::rule
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the mask of rules that are used

template<typename BaseIterator>

          void boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::rule
          (
          rule_type
          v	)
           [inline]

Set the mask of rules that are used

template<typename BaseIterator >

          rule_type boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::rule
          (
          	)
           const [inline]

Get the mask of rules that are used

template<typename BaseIterator >

          void boost::locale::boundary::boundary_point_index< BaseIterator >::rule
          (
          rule_type
          v	)
           [inline]

Set the mask of rules that are used

template<typename BaseIterator>

          boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index
          (
          	)
           [inline]

Default constructor.

Note:

When this object is constructed by default it does not include a valid index, thus calling begin(), end() or find() member functions would lead to undefined behavior

template<typename BaseIterator>

          boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index
          (
          boundary_type
          type,

          base_iterator
          begin,

          base_iterator
          end,

          rule_type
          mask,

          std::locale const &
          loc = std::locale()

          )
          	 [inline]

Create a segment_index for boundary analysis type of the text in range [begin,end) using a rule mask for locale loc.

template<typename BaseIterator>

          boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index
          (
          boundary_type
          type,

          base_iterator
          begin,

          base_iterator
          end,

          std::locale const &
          loc = std::locale()

          )
          	 [inline]

Create a segment_index for boundary analysis type of the text in range [begin,end) selecting all possible segments (full mask) for locale loc.

template<typename BaseIterator>

          boost::locale::boundary::segment_index< BaseIterator >::segment_index
          (
          boundary_point_index< base_iterator > const &
          	)

Create a segment_index from a boundary_point_index. It copies all indexing information and used default rule (all possible segments)

This operation is very cheap, so if you use boundary_point_index and segment_index on same text range it is much better to create one from another rather then indexing the same range twice.

Note:

rule() flags are not copied

Variable Documentation

          const rule_type boost::locale::boundary::word_mask = 0xFFFFF [static]

Full word mask - select all possible variants

© Copyright 2009-2012 Artyom Beilis,  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.


text:
This "13 Reasons Why" Fan Made a List of Triggering Scenes to Help Viewers Avoid Trauma
Here are the triggering scenes you should be aware of.
13 Reasons Why has been praised by fans for raising awareness about some of the horrible things that happen to high school students every day.
But the series' unflinching portrayal of sexual harassment, bullying, depression, and suicide has also garnered some criticism. The mental health organization Headspace says the show is actually dangerous because it can be triggering for people who are dealing with the issues played out on screen in real life.
A trigger is something that sets off a memory or flashback, transporting someone back to the event of their original trauma. 13 Reasons Why's graphic depictions of sexual assault and suicide can be triggering and seriously damaging to watch for people who have experienced those things in the past.
For that reason, one fan put together an extensive list of triggers that occur in the series so that potential viewers interested in watching can be prepared for what's coming or avoid the scenes altogether.
Another fan provided time stamps and detailed descriptions of the scenes in the final episodes that are triggering.
Fellow fans who have found the first few episodes triggering to watch truly appreciate having this list handy.
Thanks a lot! Now I'm sure that I shouldn't watch it at all. 😯
— 🎗stage B stan Ⓥ🎗 (@Larrysuussee) April 2, 2017
I'm really glad I happened to see this. If it's as graphic as you've described, I don't think I can handle it at this point. Thank you.
— slytherclaw (@7minutes_heaven) April 5, 2017
All in all, it's nice to see that 13 Reasons Why fans are trying to look out for one another in whatever way they can.
More From Movies & TV
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The Final "CAOS" S3 Trailer is Here!
Who Won Netflix's "The Circle"?
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"13 Reasons Why" Season 2 Guide Lists Triggers
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17 Things Every "13 Reasons Why" Fan Needs in Life
Where Was "13 Reasons Why" Filmed?
The Hardest "13 Reasons Why" Quiz
This Detail Hidden In "13 Reasons Why" Is Symbolic


text:
Men sought after gun is fired during fight at Loop subway station, police say
May 11, 2021 CWBChicago CTA, Loop
Police are investigating after someone fired a gun during a fight on the Jackson Blue Line station mezzanine Tuesday afternoon. No one was shot, but police did find a shell casing at the scene.
Detectives released images of two men that police said are wanted in connection with the incident, which reportedly began as a fight near the station escalators around 2:17 p.m. At some point during the fight, one of the men fired a gun.
Police said they are looking for these two men after a shot was fired during a fight at the Jackson Blue Line station on Tuesday afternoon, May 11, 2021. | CPD
One of the photos released by police shows the men fighting on the station's platform, too. Police searched the train tunnel for one of the suspects but came up empty-handed. Exactly where the other man went is not clear.
Cops who reviewed CTA surveillance video told other officers that the man wearing a gray hoodie and ripped jeans in the photos appeared to leave the area with the other man's shoes and backpack.
Anyone who recognizes the men can contact CPD investigators at 312-745-4443. The case number is JE-226793.
Additional images that were released by Chicago police. | CPD
CWBChicago recently reported that violent crime on the CTA's train system is elevated, even though ridership is down sharply due to COVID. Through April 20, Chicago police logged 94 robberies on CTA trains, platforms, and stations citywide, according to city data. That's equal to or more than the number of cases recorded during many recent years with normal ridership levels. There were 125 incidents during the period last year, 119 in 2019, and 105 in 2013.
Will you help us recover the costs of operating CWBChicago? You can make a contribution or purchase a subscription HERE.


Add a fresh element of the ocean to your space with the inclusion of this truly unique, chic piece. Faultless in all aspects of construction and style, this piece embodies impeccable artistry while maintaining principles of affordability and durable design, making it the ideal accessory to complete your decor.
Rustic and chic, the Lastra White Large Vase adds a clean, elegant, and sophisticated feel to your home. Lastra's design is inspired by the molds used to form Italian cheeses.


Sharing some of my farm fresh foodways as we wrap up this first day of Spring.
In late December, the 27th to be exact, I decided to take better care of my natural hair. This was brought on by the fact, that I've finally admitted to myself, that I've been utterly lazy when it comes to properly caring for my coily crown. In addition to noticing (with a bit of sorrow) that my hair isn't as full as it once was…That being said, "It's a new dawn. It's a new day. It's a new life. For me. And I'm feeling good.", about the possibilities that this "healthy hair care challenge" will do for this mop atop my head.


Jon's post in What would make a non-roleplayer buy your game? got me thinking about what sort of mainstream game would sell well to non-gamers. However, it's a little off topic, so I started a new thread.
I think a "bridge game" already exists and it's Hogshead's Baron Munchausen game. All it needs is a less esoteric setting and perhaps more guidelines and examples. Check out my post in Actual Play for an actual experience with non-roleplayers playing this game.
With a Big "For Now..."


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Implication of Upfront Lenvatinib in HCC
Panelists: Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Richard S. Finn, MD, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Masatoshi Kudo, MD, PhD, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine; Arndt Vogel, MD, Hannover Medical School
Published: Wednesday, Sep 05, 2018
Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD: With this said, however, let's go back to our basis and start with talking about systemic therapy. Because understandably, for all of us, for the past 11 years or so, we started with 1 trial that was reported at that time: sorafenib, a multi-TKI that was actually in the early days when our group at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center led the first effort back in the beginning, like in the 2000s. It was not even understood to be antiangiogenic, but, nonetheless, we got it at that point, and we showed great results that were promising enough to go for a phase III trial that did actually randomize patients to sorafenib versus placebo in the first-line setting for HCC. And the trial was positive. It showed an improvement in survival that really was close to about 11 months in regard to the sorafenib versus the placebo. It was statistically and clinically significant and became the standard of care in no time in 2007.
For 10 years or so, we tried everything under the sun to try to see how we can make it better, either by doing other drugs or even trying to combine it with other drugs, and nothing worked. And really, we were left in a very easy field where sorafenib is the only standard of care that, to some extent, we were satisfied with. But, of course, also we're dissatisfied in regard to adverse events or in regard to what can it lead to, because there were no responses, but, nonetheless, people did survive longer. And then, out of nothing, our colleagues in Japan come up with a drug called lenvatinib. So, let's see. Dr. Kudo, tell us, what did you do?
Masatoshi Kudo, MD, PhD: In Japan, after the trial, lenvatinib was approved on March 23. And already for more than 1300 patients, lenvatinib was prescribed. So, that's more patients than were prescribed regorafenib for 2 months. Currently, the first-line treatment option is lenvatinib, which seems to be replacing the sorafenib right now.
Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD: Fascinating.
Masatoshi Kudo, MD, PhD: Yes, because the Japanese patients more frequently have hand-foot-skin syndrome, and there are elderly patients and their body weight is light. So, less-than–60 kg patients are more frequent. In the real-world setting, we prescribe to the patients, they do not complain, there's almost nothing. Because we are used to the management of the hand-foot-skin reaction for sorafenib or other AEs related to a TKI, it is very easy to manage. So, it's a perfect trial to show response. We see the patients every week for 1 month and then every 2 weeks. But 2 weeks later, the AFP value drops, of course, and the responders drop—not dramatically, but there's a significant drop. And then we take a CT scan at 2 weeks. Only at 2 weeks, the tumor became necrotic or there's a low-density change. We can see the response, and the patients are happy, and the physicians are also happy and continue with lenvatinib. So, it's very different from sorafenib.
Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD: No doubt that we're all happy to see the data. But, Rich, here in the United States, and understandably probably anywhere else, people will ask us about the design of that study and the outcome of that study. So, can you take us through the statistical design as well as the outcomes?
Richard S. Finn, MD: Yes, it's an important question, because up until this time, we had about 5 randomized studies in the frontline setting and they were all negative. This is the first phase III study to meet its primary endpoint, which was noninferiority. So, first, if we talk about lenvatinib versus sorafenib, obviously they're both small molecules, multikinase inhibitors. Lenvatinib does have a very potent pan-VEGF receptor profile, but it also hits the fibroblast growth factor receptor family very well. FGFs 1-4 are important in proliferation, as well as maybe angiogenesis resistance. In the design of this study, they took patients like others who were Child-Pugh A, good performance status, and who had not been treated in the frontline setting.
They excluded some patients who hadn't traditionally been excluded from other studies, such as patients who had more than 50% of their liver involved or invasion of the main portal vein branch. So, we know that liver cancer likes to grow into the vasculature, and when we do imaging and we see that, that's called macrovascular invasion. It's macrovascular because we can see it on a scan. And often deep in the liver, you'll see a tumor invading a branch, but in this study, they excluded patients where that tumor is growing into the main portal vein, to outside of the liver. And again, historical studies didn't exclude those patients, and the guidelines from Japan would indicate that these patients shouldn't be treated with sorafenib. And that became the basis for the design.
Patients were stratified typically by region, extrahepatic spread, macrovascular invasion, performance status, and by weight. Again, unique to this study and unique to the dosing of lenvatinib is it's dosed—greater or less than 60 kilos—12 mg versus 8 mg, which I'll remind everybody is much less than the approved doses in thyroid cancer and kidney cancer, which are 24 mg. So, this study randomized about 950 patients in an open-label fashion—so several things to discuss about the design—to sorafenib or lenvatinib, with the primary endpoint being noninferiority. And if the noninferiority endpoint was met, then we looked at superiority and other secondary endpoints. And, as we know, the study met its endpoint. Median OS went from about 12.3 months to 13.6 months with lenvatinib. That was a hazard ratio of about 0.92, and the upper limit of the hazard ratio was 1.06. That was below the cutoff of 1.08 to decrease noninferiority.
We've seen, in some of the radioembolization studies, for example, that the curves overlap, but those studies were designed for superiority, so they're negative studies. And the upper limit of the hazard ratio in some of those studies is 1.43, so very wide. This study was designed to come up with a hazard ratio that is fairly tight, in that if we are under 1.08, we can say with very high confidence that these drugs have an equivalent effect on overall survival.
Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD: So, this is very important that you bring up a concept. We all hear about it now, but we do not necessarily understand fully noninferiority, which means, in other words, the aim of the study was not really to look if one drug is better than the other. Really the purpose and the objective were to look if they are equal. And, as such, you cannot answer a superiority question. But, nonetheless, as we heard from Dr. Finn, if anything, the fascinating part is that the hazard ratio cutoff on the top level of the noninferiority was actually very close to where the superiority would have started kicking in. It was 1.06?
Richard S. Finn, MD: 1.06.
Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, MD: And if anything, the cutoff was 1.08. In other words, anything that is above the 1.08 would have been a superior study. It's fascinating that we were really very close to really making it even superior.
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According to a press release dated April 12, 2005, rejecting an appeal brought by three law firms that demanded portions of the $55 million in attorneys fees awarded in the $3.2 billion settlement of the Cendant Corp. securities litigation, the Third Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled that the lawyers who were named to lead the case have the power to say who gets paid. The ruling is a setback for three firms -Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz in New York; Miller Faucher & Cafferty in Philadelphia; and Finkelstein Thompson & Loughran in Washington, D.C. Wolf Haldenstein had asked for more than $530,000 in fees and costs, Miller Faucher had requested about $107,000, and Finkelstein Thompson was seeking about $45,000. In a prior appeal, the Third Circuit had reversed an award of $262 million to the plaintiff lawyers after finding that U.S. District Judge William Walls of the District of New Jersey had erred when he held an auction to select the lead lawyers in the case. Since Walls ultimately allowed the lawyers who were retained by the lead plaintiff to match the low bid, the Third Circuit found the error of holding the auction was harmless on the issue of choosing lead counsel. However, since the auction resulted in a fee agreement that differed from the $187 million cap that was placed on the fees in the original retainer, the court held that Walls erred when he awarded a larger fee. On remand, the lead plaintiffs and their lawyers - Leonard Barrack, Gerald Rodos and Jeffrey Golan of Barrack Rodos & Bacine in Philadelphia, and Max Berger, Daniel Berger and Jeffrey Leibell of Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann in New York - agreed to a $55 million fee award. Walls approved the fee as reasonable, noting that it represented just 1.7 percent of the $3.2 billion settlement, and that the lead lawyers had logged about 35,000 hours prosecuting the case.
On June 15, 1999, the Judge William Walls of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey entered an order and judgment approving the settlement and awarding fees to counsel to the class. According to the settlement, Cendant agreed to pay $2.85 billion, and its auditors, Ernst & Young LLP, agreed to pay $335 million in the securities fraud settlement. Two law firms that represented shareholders will receive $262 million in fees. The settlements do not encompass all litigation asserting claims associated with the accounting irregularities.
On the PRIDES settlement agreement all eligible persons will receive a new security - a Right -- for each PRIDES security held on April 15, 1998. The PRIDES settlement agreement also requires Cendant to offer to sell 4 million additional PRIDES (having identical terms to currently outstanding PRIDES) (the "Additional PRIDES") at "theoretical value" to holders of Rights for cash. Under same agreement, the Company also agreed to file a shelf registration statement for an additional 15 million PRIDES, which could be issued by Cendant at any time for cash. However, during the last 30 days prior to the expiration of the Rights in February 2001, Cendant will be required to make these additional PRIDES available to holders of Rights at a price in cash equal to 105% of the theoretical value of the additional PRIDES as of a specified date. The PRIDES, if issued, would have the same terms as the currently outstanding PRIDES and could be used to exercise Rights.
In re: Cendant Corporation Litigation, Master File No. 98-1664 (WHW) (D.N.J.) (the 'Securities Action'), is a consolidated action consisting of over sixty constituent class action lawsuits, that were originally filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, the District of Connecticut, and the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The Securities Action is brought on behalf of all persons who acquired securities of the Company and CUC, except our PRIDES securities, between May 31, 1995 and August 28, 1998. The Court granted the lead plaintiffs' unopposed motion for class certification on January 27, 1999. Named as defendants are the Company; twenty-eight current and former officers and directors of the Company, CUC and HFS; and Ernst & Young LLP ('Ernst & Young'), CUC's former independent accounting firm.
The Amended and Consolidated Class Action Complaint in the Securities Action alleges that, among other things, the lead plaintiffs and members of the class were damaged when they acquired securities of the Company and CUC because, as a result of accounting irregularities, the Company's and CUC's previously issued financial statements were materially false and misleading, and the allegedly false and misleading financial statements caused the prices of the Company's and CUC's securities to be inflated artificially. The Amended and Consolidated Complaint alleges violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") and Sections 10(b), 14(a), 20(a), and 20A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Lead plaintiffs in the Securities Action seek damages for themselves in unspecified amounts.
The PRIDE's class action was filed on June 15, 1998 on behalf of purchasers of the Company's PRIDES securities between February 24 and July 15, 1998. The PRIDES Action is a consolidation of Welch & Forbes, Inc. v. Cendant Corp., et. al. with seven other class action lawsuits filed on behalf of purchasers of PRIDES. Named as defendants are the Company; Cendant Capital I, a statutory business trust formed by the Company to participate in the offering of PRIDES securities; seventeen current and former officers and directors of the Company, CUC and HFS; Ernst & Young; and the underwriters for the PRIDES offering, Merrill Lynch & Co.; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated; and Chase Securities Inc. The allegations in the Amended Consolidated Complaint in the PRIDES Action are substantially similar to those in the Securities Action, and violations of Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act and Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act are asserted. Damages in unspecified amounts are sought.
The original securities class action complaint alleges that Cendant (and its predecessor corporation, CUC International Inc.) and three of its officers violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by publishing false and misleading financial statements and by overstating its income by over $100 million. TD Plaintiffs allege that the market price of Cendant stock was artificially inflated during the Class Period as a result of the misrepresentations.


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Rubbish Management 2018
Rubbish management is a hot topic, not to say hot potato, around the world at the moment, especially in Croatia, where the European Directives which were laid down some years ago are finally due to come into force on November 1st 2018.
Binning litter, do it right! Photo: Vivian Grisogono
Most visitors from other European Union countries have been shocked to find that on Hvar, up to now, there has been little attempt to separate household waste into recyclable, compostable and non-recyclable units. That is all set to change, as local authorities roll out the new programme. Households are being issued with bins and bags for separating recyclable and reusable materials from waste. Householders now have new contracts with the waste management company operating in their area. Inevitably, individuals will pay more in fees for the new system.
Mayor Nikša Peronja takes delivery of Jelsa's new rubbish carts, July 2014. Photo:Vivian Grisogono
Up to now, some places on Hvar have enjoyed doorstep collection services, while the majority of households have had the use of rubbish bins in the vicinity. In either case, the rubbish was collected on a regular basis, with more collections during the busy summer months. Under the new system, each household has a bin or a bag for mixed household waste, besides bags for recyclable waste. Different sizes are available, according to the individual needs of each household. Hvar Town is issuing general rubbish bins for 80, 240 or 1100 litres, or bags with similar capacities. Door-to-door collections will continue where there is direct road access to properties. Otherwise householders have to leave their waste at a designated spot at appointed times. Hvar Town has issued winter and summer schedules for the collections, the price list showing how the services are charged (in Croatian), and (in English) instructions for separating rubbish as required.
Recycling bins in Hvar, 2014, waiting for their time to come. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
Rubbish is to be sorted into the different materials which can be recycled, and organic materuial which can be composted. Recyclabler materials are collected in the householders' bins or bags, or they can be put into the appropriate bins in the so-called 'green islands' (zeleni otoci) which are to be placed in various locations around Hvar's main settlements.
Recycling bins must be used properly for the system to work. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
The success of the new system depends on people's co-operation. Before the arrival of the rubbish containers and regular collection services on Hvar, waste disposal was a big problem. Rubbish was either burned or disposed of as and where, around the countryside and fields, in ruined buildings, in every nook and cranny where it was at least half hidden. Old habits die hard, and it is still all too obvious that many people, including youngsters, drop litter and dump rubbish thoughtlessly, selfishly and indiscriminately. The result is a mess, and, much worse, untold ecological damage and pollution.
Trying to get the message across on Jadrolinija ferries. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
It will certainly take a strong educational campaign to create compliance. We have to hope that the island will not sink back into a universal habit of littering, rubbish dumping and fly tipping. Of course, the law envisages fines for people guilty of flouting the rules, but I don't know anyone who believes that enforcement will be adequate, or that the threat of punishment will produce the desired effect.
Careless littering, a bad habit. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
We welcome the principle that less rubbish will be dumped in landfill. Separating materials for recycling will be an improvement on sending all types of waste to pollute the earth and sea. Croatia is due to have some 97 recycling yards to fulfil the Directives, with some 80% of their construction costs being financed by the EU, assuming that local authorities prepare their project proposals correctly and on time. It seems most local councils have delayed applying for finance for recycling depots until the last moment (you can read about this in Croatian here). From the recycling depots on Hvar, the separated materials will be shipped to the mainland. So far so good. But then? There are recycling works in Croatia (article in Croatian here), but the facilities have not developed to the extent that seemed to be promised back in 2006 (article in Croatian here). So it is not clear what can happen to the recyclable materials from Hvar, other than storage in the hope of an eventual solution.
How not to dispose of poison packaging in Stari Grad's historic Ager. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
It is clear that we need to reduce the amount of non-degradable waste we produce, regardless of whether it can be recycled or not. Individuals in different countries are showing the way by example. One of these is Bea Johnson, whose website, 'Zero Waste Home' is a blueprint of ways for people to reduce their rubbish footprint. Her book of the same name1 is a number-one bestseller, which she has presented in numerous countries around the world. It is published in 20 languages, and has been translated into Catalan2 by Esther Penarrubia, agronomist and English teacher, who has also been spreading the word during her travels around Europe. On Friday March the 5th, in Stari Grad's elementary school, she presented the English version of the book to a receptive audience.
Esther with organizer Nora in Stari Grad. Photo: Jelena Gracin
The weather was fierce that evening, with rain and one of Stari Grad's famous high flood tides, so the relatively high turnout was witness to the real desire of local people to do something positive for their island environment.
A good turnout on a stormy night in Stari Grad. Photo: Jelena Gracin
Bea Johnson's prescription: "Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rot (and only in that order) is my family's secret to living waste-free since 2008!"Reuse is a logical way to reduce waste. Glass bottles and jars are the cleanest type of container for liquids. The old-fashioned system of washing and re-using bottles and jars provided secure employment for some, including disabled people. Unnecessary waste was prevented. Reuse was clearly more economical than creating new containers while spending on destroying the old ones. What is recycled glass used for? Very little goes to producing new glass products. In truth, recycling glass makes no sense at all.
Plastic containers for foods and liquids make no sense at all either. They are potentially harmful to human health. For instance the phthalates (used as plasticizers in plastic bottles as well as other uses) have been found to affect the human thyroid gland, and have been implicated in children's behavioural problems3. By contrast with glass, plastic food and drink containers should not be reused. Micro-plastics, which have the widest variety of uses, are now recognized as a major environmental scourge, alongside plastic bags. Not all plastics can be recycled effectively. Left in the environment they will last for hundreds of years, causing ever-increasing damage to wildlife. The only logical solution is to reduce the use of plastics to the barest minimum, and to revert to more environmentally friendly materials for food and drink packaging,such as Beeswrap for sandwiches.
There is reason for cautious optimism. There is worldwide awareness of how badly plastics have affected the environment, and there are many initiatives aiming to curb the problem.
Giving consumers the right to choose products without plastic packaging is a big step forward. Consumer power can drive change. With enough awareness, habits will change for the better and the world will be freed from an ever-increasing spiral of degradation.
1. Johnson, B. 2013. Zero Waste Home, The Ultimate Guide to Simplifying your Life by Reducing your Waste. Scribner, New York (UK edition Penguin, 2016)
2. Johnson, B., Trans Penarrubia, E., Residuo Cero en Casa. pol-len edicions
3. Engel, S.M., Miodovnik, A., Canfield, R.L., Zhu, C., Silva, M.J., Calafat, A.M., Wolff, M.S. 2010. Prenatal Phthalate Exposure Is Associated with Childhood Behavior and Executive Functioning. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118: 565-571 (37 references)
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Saturday we went to the Monroe County Sheep & Craft Festival in Waterloo IL. Google maps failed us and sent us out of town on the wrong side of town, but a nice person at the gas station put us on the right route. We met friends and had the lamb lunch, which was amazing. Grilled sausages, lamb burgers, lamb chops, salads, coleslaw, tons of tasty food.
Every half hour, a sheep was taken out of the barn to be sheared. I watched a large black-faced white-fleeced sheep get clipped, and the sheep was not happy. It kept yelling its disapproval of the process while leaning on its behind against the shearer. The fleece was quite thick, several inches long and very dense. Once it was clipped off, it was dumped in a big bag, and the naked sheep was led back into the barn. Shearing took only a few minutes, and as a spinner, I saw where second cuts come from, the places where the clippers didn't get close enough the first time, or the sheep wriggled.
The Flemish Giant rabbit weighed in at about 20 pounds, and it's only a year old. It's a meat breed so the coat wasn't as soft as the Rex rabbits, and it seemed like a placid animal. It just lay in its cage, watching the world pass by, getting bigger and bigger.
I did bring some fibre home with me. An ounce of grey French Angora, some Border Leicester/Mohair blend, and some alpaca batts from Connie at Breezy Ridge Alpacas. One set is suri alpaca, Cormo wool, and tencel, the other is suri alpaca, merino, and bamboo. I went with Connie and two of her alpacas to MOPACA in 2009, and her fibre is very clean.
I always have a hard time passing up the rabbits. My brother and I raised rabbits when we were kids, and I love the little fluffers!
We raised rabbits when I was in Jr. High and High school and showed them on the national circuit. I had French and Giant angoras and my brother had Rex and Mini Rex. (This was just when the Giants and the minis were being developed, so we were some of the first in the state to have them.) We absolutely loved it, and I can't wait to get back to it!


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