1.	This is the fifth of a series of reports to update Members on our programme of slope safety. The first four reports were issued in July 1995, March 1996, August 1996 and May 1997 respectively.
2.	In the briefing on the 1997 Policy Address to this Panel on 13 October 1997, the Secretary for Works made a commitment to launch a new 10-year Landslip Preventive Measures (LPM) programme in the year 2000. This initiative follows on from recommendations on slope safety which were given in the 1994 Morgenstern Report, in the 1995 Slope Safety Review Report and in the Select Committee Report on the Kwun Lung Lau Landslip. The report of the Select Committee, published in July 1995, contains a number of detailed recommendations relating to the slope safety programme, many of which endorse the Morgenstern and Slope Safety Review recommendations and existing practice. Progress on implementation of the recommendations in these three reports and other related issues is given in the following sections.
Measurement of masonry wall thickness. Completed.
Research into improved means of site characterisation. Phases 1 and 2 field trials of selected non-invasive geophysical methods of site characterization have been completed and the results have been published. The main conclusion from these trials is that none of the methods tested has yet been refined to a point where they can be used reliably for the investigation of slopes or retaining walls in Hong Kong. The proposed Phase 3 of the project is to assess the value of downhole geophysical and optical techniques for detecting weak rock layers, clay seams and rock joints encountered in drillholes.
Establishment of a Technical Review Board. The Slope Safety Technical Review Board (SSTRB) has had six meetings so far and will meet again in May 1998, when it will complete its three year term of appointment. A new Board will be appointed later in the year, to include an eminent local geotechnical engineer. The new Board is due to hold its first meeting in November 1998.
Development of a programme for monitoring and inspection of buried services affecting slopes.
The Drainage Services Department (DSD) commenced in 1996 the first consultancy to investigate sewers and drains affecting the stability of fill slopes and retaining walls registered in the 1977/78 Catalogue of Slopes, which is expected to be completed by early 1999. The second consultancy for a similar investigation of sewers and drains affecting the stability of cut slopes registered in the 1977/78 Catalogue of Slopes was awarded earlier this month and will be completed in mid 2000. These investigations also include Highways Department drains. The DSD is planning another consultancy aimed to study the same problem for slopes registered in the New Catalogue of Slopes.
The Water Supplies Department commenced work on inspection of buried watermains affecting slopes in January 1997. Phase I of this work involves slopes in the 1977/78 Catalogue of Slopes, and Phase II will involve slopes in the New Catalogue of Slopes not previously registered in the 1977/78 Catalogue. This work is expected to be completed by 2002.
The Housing Department commenced the detection of leakage of buried services in the vicinity of slopes and retaining walls within land maintained by the Housing Authority in August 1996 which will be completed in August 1998. The need for further work will be considered then.
Action on private owners to inspect and repair their buried services affecting slopes is being taken by the Building Authority under Section 27(c) of the Buildings Ordinance. So far more than 380 cases have been put in hand.
Adoption of a more integrated approach for slope stability assessment. The GEO has appointed term consultants on an annual basis to assist in implementing the recommendations according to the means proposed by Professor Morgenstern. The first annual consultancy was commissioned in January 1997; the consultants inspected the landslips which occurred in 1997 and undertook independent detailed studies on sixteen selected landslips, including two fatal landslips on 4 June and 2 July, and the landslip at Ching Cheung Road on 3 August 1997. The second annual consultancy commenced in February 1998.
Acceleration of the Landslip Preventive Measures (LPM) Programme. The 5-year Accelerated LPM Project from April 1995 to March 2000 is progressing well. By March 2000, some 900 government slopes will have been upgraded and detailed studies for 1,500 private slopes completed to determine the need for issue of Dangerous Hillside Orders under the Buildings Ordinance. Among those screened for study are some 550 slopes adjacent to schools. We have devoted additional resources to speed up this task. We will substantially complete the detailed studies of all 350 private slopes affecting schools by March 1998 and will also complete investigations and necessary improvement works for the 200 government slopes affecting schools by March 1999. The GEO and Education Department have strengthened their communication with school principals on taking early action on necessary slope improvement works and appropriate safety precautions pending their completion. A copy of the latest quarterly report on the LPM Programme is at Attachment 1. The acceleration of the LPM Programme in terms of the total Block Vote expenditure is given at Attachment 2.
Extension of the LPM Programme to include slopes close to busy roads and footpaths. The LPM Programme has been extended in scope to include the upgrading of selected slopes close to busy roads and footpaths. Warning signs have been erected along busy roads with a history of landslips and at slopes included in upgrading actions to provide advisory warning to road users. Works Bureau has approached Transport Bureau to devise integrated plans to accommodate necessary improvement works for roadside slopes with a history of landslips as part of road improvement projects.
Review of the system for classifying slopes according to consequence of failure. The review has been completed, and the revised consequence classification system promulgated to the geotechnical profession in Hong Kong.
Legislative changes to improve geotechnical control. The inter-departmental Standing Committee on Slope Safety is discussing a number of legislative proposals to improve slope safety further. Details on the proposed registration of Geotechnical Engineers for slope safety functions are being worked out. We are actively enforcing the amended Buildings Ordinance to require private owners to investigate and repair their buried sewers and drains affecting slope stability, and would review its effectiveness before considering further legislation to tighten the requirement. We will consider further the inclusion of legislation to compel owners to regularly inspect and maintain their slopes when the results of the SIMAR study are available (see (f) below). In order to strengthen geotechnical control in the development stage of building works, the Building Authority has agreed to amend the Buildings Ordinance to require performance review for site formation/excavation/ foundation works and is seeking a slot in the legislative programme.
Promotion of slope maintenance. The GEO has continued the public education campaign on slope maintenance throughout 1997, principally through television announcements of public interest, promotional booklets and pamphlets, free guidance documents, media interviews and public seminars, displays at popular shopping centres, advertising in MTR stations, advice to owners and property management companies, and preparation of educational tool kits for schools and other organizations. The GEO Slope Maintenance Hotline has been upgraded to incorporate Putonghua in addition to Cantonese and English, and to include more information on slope maintenance and safety. We will further strengthen the campaign in 1998, including the use of Internet and other multi-media information systems.
Maintenance responsibilities for all registered slopes. The SIMAR (Systematic Identification of Maintenance Responsibility of Registered Slopes) consultancy study by the Lands Department (Lands D) commenced in July 1996 and will be completed in 1999. So far the maintenance responsibility for around 22,000 slopes has been identified. The SIMAR study is crucial to the implementation of the policy that every man-made slope must be maintained to ensure its safety. We have resolved the legal issue associated with the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance in disclosing the SIMAR study results to the public, and are developing a computerized information system to facilitate such disclosure. With over 100 new posts being provided, various government maintenance departments are forming specialized teams to maintain their slopes. Lands D as Government's land manager has taken up the maintenance responsibility for "unallocated" government slopes. The GEO is assisting the departments in slope maintenance by prioritizing the slopes for maintenance actions and in forming some of the teams. The GEO also audits the departments' maintenance works to ensure quality and standard.
Response time to landslide emergencies. We continue to monitor the performance of the emergency organizations of the GEO and of the works departments and to review them as necessary. The GEO would further strengthen its public education campaign on personal safety precautions to be taken by members of the public during the times when Landslip Warnings are broadcast. We will explore further the use of electronic and print media to publicize the warning messages.
Quality System. The GEO is continuing to enhance its quality management system. A formal Quality System for the divisions directly involved in the LPM Programme is now in place. Assessment and certification audit of the System have been made by the Hong Kong Quality Assurance Agency (HKQAA) and the System was certified as meeting the requirements of ISO 9001 in June 1997.
The GEO is now implementing a formal Quality System for the three district divisions involved in geotechnical control. The documented Quality System and working procedures will be in place in April 1998, and the certification audit of the System by the HKQAA is planned for December 1998.
Non-Development Clearance (NDC) Programme. The GEO has a programme in place for inspecting the remaining squatters/villages under the current NDC Inspection Programme. The annual report giving progress on squatter clearance has been submitted to the Housing Panel and this Panel. The GEO completed inspections of about 200 squatter villages in the New Territories in early 1997 and started a programme to inspect isolated squatter structures close to these villages. The re-housing of squatters continues and is dictated by practical constraints such as rehousing resources.
6.	The current 5-year Accelerated LPM Programme concentrates mainly on man-made slopes in the existing Slope Catalogue compiled in 1977/78, which contains some 10,000 pre-GEO slopes. The task of carrying out preliminary inspections of all sizeable man made slopes in Hong Kong will be completed by April 1998, and a new computer-based Slope Catalogue by September 1998. We initiate immediate action if the preliminary inspections of any slopes show signs of immediate and obvious danger. The remainder will be prioritized for further study, followed where found necessary by upgrading under the LPM Programme for government slopes, and issue of Dangerous Hillside Orders for private slopes.
7.	Based on the latest estimate, the total number of sizeable man-made slope in the whole of Hong Kong is about 60,000. This includes 18,000 post-GEO slopes which should have been designed and built to current safety standards, the 10,000 pre-GEO slopes in the 1977/78 Slope Catalogue and some 32,000 additional pre-GEO slopes not registered in the 1977/78 Slope Catalogue. They were not included because the 1977/78 Catalogue concentrated on man-made slopes in the urban areas of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, and included only the larger man-made slopes in the New Territories. As mentioned in paragraph 2 above, we will embark on a new 10-year LPM project to deal with these pre-GEO slope when the current project is completed in early 2000.
8.	Natural hillsides cover some 60% of the total land area of Hong Kong. Landslides on these slopes are a common occurrence. Current government policy is to avoid natural terrain hazards in the planning of new developments wherever possible, discourage extensive engineering works on steep natural slopes, and react to known hazards by arranging appropriate preventive or remedial action. To cope with the effect of increasing demand for land which drives developments closer to natural hillsides, the GEO has mapped the whole of Hong Kong and produced a natural terrain landslide inventory. The GEO has analyzed the inventory to examine correlations between landslide distribution and causal factors, and is now devising a methodology for categorizing natural terrain according to its relative susceptibility to landsliding. Other work underway includes studies into the nature of the landslides, the travel distance of landslide debris, and appropriate landslide mitigation methods. The landslide inventory and reports on the work carried out to date can be viewed on request in the Civil Engineering Library. The overall aim is to zone the hazard from natural terrain landslides and to provide a framework for a future comprehensive risk management strategy.
9.	The GEO is also carrying out similar mapping and risk analysis on boulder fields over the whole of Hong Kong, using aerial photograph interpretation. This work is progressing steadily.
10.	1997 was the wettest year on record. For example, the cumulative rainfall at Shatin for the year was about 4,417 mm and at Sai Kung was 3,973 mm. These amounts far exceed (about double) the mean annual rainfall for the period 1985-1996 at the corresponding locations.
11.	A total of 548 landslip incidents were reported to the GEO for the year. Most of the incidents occurred in May to August and were located in Shatin, Tsuen Wan, Sai Kung and the north Kowloon area. The Landslip Warning was issued eight times. A 24-hour rainfall of about 800 mm was recorded at the Chinese University, Shatin on 2 July. This is the second highest 24-hour rainfall recorded in Hong Kong since an SAR-wide raingauge network was first established in 1978. A total of 157 landslip reports was received by the GEO in the 2 July rainstorm.
A landslip at Kau Wa Keng (200 m3) on 4 June and a landslip at Ten Thousand Buddha Temple, Shatin (600 m3) on 2 July resulted in one fatality each.
A landslip at Lido Beach (600 m3) on 2 July caused closure of Castle Peak Road and 8 injuries.
Landslip and flooding incidents at Tuen Mun Highway near Ting Kau (50 m3) and Pun Shan Tsuen (215 m3) caused complete closure of the highway on 2 July.
Notable incidents over 50 m3 at Lai King Hill Road on 4 June and at Route Twisk, Lai Ping Road and Sui Wo Road on 2 July caused temporary closure of the roads, including Tai Po Road. The Lai Ping Road failure volume was about 3000 m3.
Two landslips affecting the KCR track at Chinese University (20 m3) and Fo Tan (50 m3) caused temporary disruption of railway service on 2 July.
Two landslips at Tao Fung Shan (Shatin) on 2 July with a total failure volume of about 900 m3 destroyed a village house and caused closure of the cemetery.
A landslip at Ching Cheung Road (6000 m3) caused closure of the road from 3 August to 24 August.
A landslip at a second location on Route Twisk (500 m3) on 22 August caused closure of the road for about three weeks.
13.	The GEO's consultants have carried out independent detailed studies of a total of more than 50 landslips, including the two fatal landslips at Kau Wa Keng on 4 June and at the Ten Thousand Buddha Temple on 2 July, and the landslip at Ching Cheung Road on 3 August. The report on the Ching Cheung Road landslip was published in February 1998; those on the Kau Wa Keng and Ten Thousand Buddha Temple landslips will be published this month. The GEO has established a programme to determine the lessons learned from the landslips investigated and to implement follow-up actions.
(a) The GEO should implement a program of measuring masonry wall thickness in all cases where Stage 1 Studies have relied on the estimate of wall thickness from old drawings.
(b) The Government should develop a program for direct monitoring and repair of buried services at housing estates and other developments in all cases where leakage might impact on slope stability. Priority should be given to older estates where loose fill is known to have been used in site development. Periodic inspection of buried services at hazardous locations should become mandatory. The appropriate period is best established by experience, but a five year interval appears reasonable at this stage.
(i) All landslide occurrences are to be reported to the GEO as an incident report.
(ii) Based on the incident report, a senior geotechnical engineer confirms that subsequent slope evaluation can either continue in a separated manner as guided by the slope catalogue or a more integrated approach is called for.
(iii) A more integrated approach will normally be based on the scale of a project or development. It will require identification of what is known and what is assumed; it will require identification whether site specific soil properties and special geological features must be determined; and it will require an accounting of all water flow pathways that might affect the site.
(d) The GEO should undertake and support elsewhere in Hong Kong research into improved means of site characterization focused on the factors that affect slope instability in Hong Kong. The Writer does not think that the development of slope warning systems for the conditions found in Hong Kong is promising. The critical features are small and numerous and instability often develops in an abrupt manner. However, there are a number of new developments in geophysics such as radar and non-contact resistivity that might be found useful in discovering subsurface defects and enhanced moisture zones.
(e) GEO should consider appointing an external Technical Review Board. It is the experience of the Writer with other geotechnically intensive organizations, that an external review board can be of considerable assistance to management in enhancing technical quality improvement, maintaining knowledge of developments elsewhere, keeping abreast of international standards of risk-taking, as well as other aspects associated with the discharge of due diligence.
(h) measures should be taken to reduce the response time of the Works departments in attending landslide incidents.
3.38 For measures to prevent occurrence of similar incidents, Professor Morgenstern has made five recommendations. Works Branch has also formulated some improvement measures for its slope safety programme. The Select Committee consider that there should be a publicly announced timetable for implementing these recommendations.
3.39 In the light of the Kwun Lung Lau incident, the Select Committee wish to highlight certain areas of concern for the Government's further consideration.
(A) There should be a thorough, and then regular, review of the landslip preventive measures and the related systems.
(a) The Stage 1 Studies should be reviewed to ensure that they can effectively identify necessary cases for a Stage 2 Study, in addition to implementing the recommendation of Professor Morgenstern in measuring masonry wall thickness in appropriate cases.
(b) Works Branch has recommended to review the risk categorisation system. Subsequent to this, there should be periodical review with a view to establishing a reliable system, which should also be comprehensible to the public.
(c) Works Branch has been working on a new catalogue of slopes. Consideration should be given to seeking input from the public to ensure that the new catalogue will be as comprehensive as possible. The new catalogue should also contain all such useful information as assumptions made in any studies; landslip records of the site; and any limitations about the catalogue, etc.
(d) Works Branch has pledged to complete the Landslip Preventive Measures Programme of the 1977/78 Catalogue of Slopes by the year of 2000. It is necessary that landslip preventive measures for slopes identified after compilation of this Catalogue should also be carried out as early as practicable.
(e) The programme to inspect and clear squatters/villages under dangerous slopes should be accelerated. There should be a timetable for the programme.
(f) Works Branch has recommended that all Government slopes which could affect life and property should be allocated to an appropriate maintenance department for regular maintenance. This recommendation should be implemented as soon as possible.
(B) It is necessary to establish, review and enforce standards of good practice for slope stability assessment and maintenance.
(a) Works Branch has agreed to work out detailed proposals for legislative changes with a view to improving the statutory geotechnical control of the safety standards of new slopes on private land. An outline of the proposal should be available for consultation as soon as possible.
(b) At the public hearing the Government representatives indicated that consideration is being given to establishing a statutory certification system similar to the current system for lifts and escalators. An outline of the proposal should be made available for wide public consultation, given its impact on the community.
(c) Consideration should be given to requiring preliminary assessments of slope stability to be carried out or certified by senior geotechnical professionals in order to ensure their reliability and effectiveness.
(d) Works Branch has initiated to work on a "Geoguide on Slope Maintenance" and a "Layman's Guide to Slope Maintenance". These should be issued as soon as possible. For the Geoguide, consideration should be given to including lessons learnt from previous major landslides, for example, the importance of direct monitoring of subsurface drainage systems and the possible defects of site formation plans, as revealed in the Kwun Lung Lau landslide. For the Layman's Guide, it should contain advice on how owners could engage and instruct consultancy services and how they could monitor their effectiveness. It should also advise owners of the importance of maintaining all relevant documents relating to their slope, including relevant drawings and investigation/inspection reports provided by their consultants.
(e) There should be close follow-up in cases where an order under the Buildings Ordinance, Cap. 123, has been issued requiring the owner to investigate the slope and undertake any necessary landslip preventive measures. Where an order is not expeditiously complied with relevant Government departments, such as the Geotechnical Engineering Office and the Home Affairs Department and their District Offices, should offer advice and assistance if genuine difficulties are involved or arrange for the necessary works to be carried in the owner's default. Prosecution should be instituted in appropriate cases.
(f) Consideration should be given to obtaining greater involvement of professional institutions concerned in establishing, reviewing and enforcing standards of good practices. The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, for example, has submitted to the Select Committee that it should have a role to play in the selection and in the composition of the Technical Review Board recommended by Professor Morgenstern.
(a) Works Branch has agreed to develop detailed proposals with a view to clearly identifying the maintenance responsibilities for all registered slopes. Pending completion of this exercise, publicity should be stepped up to encourage private land owners to seek clarification of their responsibility, if they are not yet clear about it, in particular since there are private land owners who are required to maintain slopes on adjoining Government land; and there are slopes that are under the maintenance responsibility of different owners. Consideration should also be given to soliciting assistance from the Law Society of Hong Kong to ensure that its members explain clearly to their conveyancing clients their slope maintenance responsibilities. It is also necessary to ensure that developers make it clear in their sales brochures if the property owners are required to bear any slope maintenance responsibility.
(b) The Government should encourage members of the public to observe and report significant anomalies indicative of landslip risks. This may help alert the relevant Government departments and owners concerned to take necessary precautionary action.
(c) The Government should step up publicity and educational campaigns to promote public awareness of the importance of slope safety and the need of regular slope inspection and maintenance as well as slope stability assessment.
3.43 The Select Committee further recommend that the Government should submit six-monthly progress reports to the Legislative Council Panel on Planning, Lands and Works regarding the implementation of the various improvement measures.
3.44 The Select Committee wish to join Professor Morgenstern in his remarks that "There appear to be no exotic phenomena involved in the Kwun Lung Lau landslide and no exotic methods would be required to prevent it." While the various recommendations may help improve the overall system of landslip prevention, it ultimately requires all those who have a duty in the process to faithfully, skilfully and vigilantly carry out their duty.


People don't often share this kind of stuff, especially as it regards politics and business, because without a meditation practice it just seems strange or confusing. Here is a great quote from John Tarrant, a Zen teacher with a good bit of wisdom in this area. This was part of an interview in "Inquiring Mind," a publication for the Insight Buddhist community. Don't miss the last line. Memorize it!
"Zen people talk about emptiness because when you awaken, the maps that hold your beliefs are suddenly gone. You also notice that new maps appear in the mind, even without encouragement from you. And as new maps appear, you can take them as provisional… The Zen task is to open to the gates of the world beyond our prejudices. Like the Buddha, we can step away from everything we are certain about. I think this possibility is the best contribution we can make to healing the flaws in consciousness and helping the world. Unkindness comes out of certainty; when we throw out certainty, we have the bare reality of consciousness, and another name for that is love." Truly!!
I'm honored that you found your way to my blog! Thanks for the great quote – I'm working it right now…!


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text:
Kissel, Eléonore and Erin Vigneau.
ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOREPRODUCTIONS: A MANUAL FOR IDENTIFICATION AND CARE.
Introduction by Lois Olcott Price
New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Press and the New York Botanical Garden, 2009. 8 x 10 inches. paperback. 140 pages. Introduction by Lois Olcott Price. Second edition with corrections, new prefaces, a redesigned flow chart, and updates to the original text based on new information that has come to light over the past decade. This manual is designed for professional conservators, librarians, private collectors, and researchers who want practical, contemporary insight into preserving architectural plans..... READ MORE
Price: $49.95 other currencies Order nr. 94208
The intent and methodology of this manual
This book is intended for anyone who has architectural plans, whether a group of 20 or 200,000. The manual is designed to be used by individuals with no special training in preservation, photography, or architecture. In writing a book for non-specialists or professionals with no access to facilities for chemical analysis, we purposely set for ourselves the task of determining a method of identification based solely on visual examination. The scope of this inquiry covers reproductions which were commonly used in North American architectural practice from 1860 to approximately 1960. Photographically produced reproductions are the core of our research. Unlike ink or carbon based copies many of these prints are similar to photographic images and have special preservation needs. The first step in preserving photo reproductions is identification. To preserve the prints which remain in existence it is necessary to identify them in order to determine which measures will affect their long term conservation.
We have designed the manual with a flowchart and twelve comprehensive chapters on individual reproductive processes. The organization of these two sections allows the user to move easily between them while working with an actual print. A glossary and a classified bibliography are included. Additional information relating to the care of architectural drawings and prints is included in the appendices.
The flowchart presents a series of questions to be answered, based on an examination of visual criteria, which lead to a tentative identification. The criteria include characteristics of the support, the image, the surface, and the overall condition. No one factor can be used in making a conclusive analysis. Prints can be examined in normal lighting conditions, preferably filtered for ultraviolet light. The use of a magnifying loupe of 10x to 30x is recommended. To acquaint the reader with the specific terminology used in our methodology a glossary of terms is included. It is suggested that this glossary be reviewed before beginning to use the manual. All of the terms included in the glossary are italicized in the body of the text, at the first instance in each chapter, for reference. With practice, a user will be able to dispense with the flowchart and go directly to the chapters to confirm identification.
Once a print has been tentatively identified, the next step is to read the chapter pertaining to the specific process. It will allow confirmation of the identification, as well as provide recommendations on measures that can be taken to preserve the print. The chapters are separated into two parts, photographically produced prints and photomechanically produced prints. These categories separate prints which have residual chemicals in their makeup and prints which are made with nonreactive carbon, ink, and dyes. This distinction will directly affect the prints' long term conservation.
This manual details twelve distinct processes and has additional information on several others. Some of the processes have broad variations so it is important to confirm the identification with the complete information available in the chapters. There were many other processes in use during the period of time which our research covers and the possibility exists that a print may be discovered which does not fit into any of the described reproductions. If identification cannot be confirmed, isolating the print in an open polyester sleeve and keeping exposure to light at a minimum is the safest course of action.
Each chapter is laid out, in this order, dealing with the following aspects of photoreproductions:
History and use
Manufacturing process - Degradation and storage
The first three sections are designed to enable the reader to identify the process by which a specific print was produced. Visual clues to identification include the nature of the support, the color of the ground and the lines, the characteristics of the line, the characteristics of the surface of the print, typical degradations and trade names that were used which might be seen on the verso of the print.
The fourth and fifth sections provide information on the history of each type of print, its use within architectural firms, and the process which was used to manufacture it. Understanding the technique used to produced a print can provide insight in the examination process and aid in identification. The manufacturing processes are described in terms that will hopefully allow a reader to comprehend the technique without any specific knowledge of chemistry.
The last section details degradations which may already be present or degradations which could possibly occur under specific circumstances. Storage and handling procedures are suggested for each type of print, in relation to the specific degradations induced by its makeup or by contact with adjacent documents.
We advocate a conservative approach to housing; when in doubt, isolate to eliminate the risk of contact degradation. The knowledge derived from this manual can enable the custodian of architectural plans to execute further conservation measures for their holdings.
At the end of each chapter are illustrations of representative prints which correspond to various aspects of identification. There are full views and highly magnified views of each type of process as well as some illustrations of typical degradations. Not every print will appear like those in the illustrations. Variations in manufacture and storage conditions will affect their current appearance. In conjunction with the flowchart and the chapters, the illustrations can assist the reader in deriving a conclusive identification.
Cautions and suggestions
Misleading factors in identification include: commonly used names and trade names; odor; the date which may be found in the image of a print.
Names by which reproductions are called in the trade are frequently used for more than one process. The section on synonyms includes notes on these overlaps; trade names are identified by quotation marks.
While some documents have a characteristic odor, the smell can transfer to almost all neighboring documents, making it difficult to discern which of many prints may be the original culprit.
The date which appears in the reproduction is often a misleading factor in identifying a print. Unless a date is handwritten or stamped onto the print, the date written on the original drawing, which is reproduced in the print, could possibly be years apart from the time the print was made. The date of the original drawing allows us to determine only that the print was made after that date but not necessarily on that date.
Several appendices have been included to assist the reader in caring for collections of architectural drawings and prints. A classification chart of the processes in the chapters gives a comparative overview. A few other types of copies which may be found in architectural plans collections are briefly described. There is a section on recommendations for exhibition and handling and a brief synopsis of storage recommendations for architectural plans. Appendix 5 includes a report on the reproduction processes which are currently available for large format architectural plans and recommends the most appropriate means for copying documents from historical architectural archives.
Prints will be found in a variety of conditions. We have purposely not commented on conservation treatments. This area is expressly the concern of trained professional conservators. This manual attempts to assist the custodians of architectural archival holdings in making appropriate choices. As preservation concerns arise (such as reformatting), the identifications concluded from this manual will allow caretakers to make more informed decisions.
The proper identification of photoreproductive prints, and the knowledge of their constituent elements, is a crucial component of every aspect of the preservation of architectural collections: records storage, access, exhibition, duplication and conservation. Knowing what a print consists of determines its use and care; it is thus important to understand how reproductions are produced and should be cared for. They are frequently the only documents that can relate the history of architectural structures.
Eleonore Kissel
Erin Vigneau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Le Metropolitan, a Tribute Portfolio Hotel, Paris is rated 4.1 out of 5 by 57.
Rated 1 out of 5 by LN from très beau mais trop cher L'hotel est très bien situé, les zones comunes très belles mais par contre les chambres sont très petites. Le prix est excessif etant donnée la dimension. Le lit est très commode mais par contre les toilettes sont près de la tête de lit ce qui est assez genant. Le personnel est moyennement aimable.
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text:
Start planning your camping trip to Yellowstone National Park
Daria Salamon
Editor's note: The team at The Points Guy loves to travel, but now is not the time for unnecessary trips. Health officials say the fastest way to return to normalcy is to stop coming in contact with others. That includes ceasing travel. We are publishing travel guides because we should all use this time to think about and plan our next adventures. National parks are closed right now but will hopefully reopen soon.
We were driving the Northern loop through Yellowstone National Park when we arrived at a traffic jam, a scene not uncommon in the park as cars slow down to take in the always-present wildlife. This one, however, was taking a while, and our 2- and 4-year-old children were getting restless in the back seat, so we walked a few car lengths up the shoulder to investigate the cause. A bison stood cleaning a baby she'd just delivered in the middle of the road. A conservation officer nonchalantly explained that as soon as the placenta was delivered, the bison would likely be on her way. A few minutes later, the birth was complete, the calf stood on shaky legs for the first time and followed its mother into the grazing herd nearby.
Just another day at Yellowstone.
A picnic at Yellowstone. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
Yellowstone National Park spans 3,400 square miles across Wyoming, bleeding into Montana and Idaho. A mélange of mountains, meadows, lakes, canyons and rivers make it a natural wonderland for exploring and watching wildlife. Camping is, by far, the most intimate way to experience the sun casting a glow across the plains, to hear the eerie cry of a wolf echoing in the night or to breathe in the park's fresh morning air.
Related: The best national parks in the United States
When to go to Yellowstone
While Yellowstone is open to visitors year-round, the most practical time for families planning to camp is June through August. We arrived in May one year and were greeted with snow flurries; we also experienced a dusting of snow in late August on another visit, so whenever you choose to go, be sure to pack warm clothing.
My husband takes a stroll near the Madison Campground. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
Entrance fees at Yellowstone
There are a variety of passes you can purchase for admittance to Yellowstone. A seven-day pass for a private, non-commercial vehicle is $35. It's $20 per person (ages 16+) to enter on foot, bicycle or on skis. Admission is free for anyone 15 or younger. If your family plans to visit more than once, consider the Yellowstone National Park Annual Pass for $70, which covers the passholder plus up to three additional people (16+) when traveling by the snowcoach or shuttle.
For families with plans to visit more than one national park, there are options like the America the Beautiful passes, which include annual passes, fourth-grade passes and senior passes. Here's what you need to know to visit America's national parks for less.
Camping at Yellowstone
Yellowstone has 12 campgrounds. Five of these can be booked six months to one year in advance through Xanterra ($26–$31/night) (even if booked, keep checking the site as cancellations do occur and spots open up). If you don't always map out your adventures a year in advance, there are seven first-come, first-served campgrounds available. You can find the full listing of sites and amenities here. ($15–$20/night)
Our picks for sites you can reserve
We stayed at Madison campground situated along the Madison River with a mountain looming in the background. It is centrally located and near Old Faithful and the Upper, Middle and Lower Geyser basins. The town of West Yellowstone and its amenities are a short trip (14 miles) away. It is a non-electricity campground and accommodates tents, trailers and RVs. Sites have picnic tables, fire pits and access to flush toilets. We took advantage of the nightly Ranger Talks highlighting wildlife species in the park.
Grant Village campground is popular with families as it offers many amenities such as a general store, restaurant and close proximity to showers. Nestled along the shore of Yellowstone Lake amid lodgepole pines, the campground is only a few miles from attractions like West Thumb Geyser Basin.
Kids reading around a campfire at Yellowstone. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
First-come, first-served site picks
Norris campground has 100 sites tucked in a lodgepole pine forest and is popular due to its central location in the park and its campfire programs.
Mammoth Hot Springs campground is a good base for exploring the northern part of the park and its many attractions such as Mammoth Hot Springs Terraces and Boiling River; this campground has the bonus potential for Bison and elk sightings.
In my opinion, you've hit the jackpot if you are camping anywhere in Yellowstone National Park.
Related: TPG staffers share their favorite national parks
Must-do activities while at Yellowstone
If you're lucky enough to plan a family trip to Yellowstone, you'll be rewarded with plenty of activities. Here are some of my family's favorites.
Bison herd in Yellowstone National Park. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
One of the main attractions at Yellowstone is the free-roaming wildlife. Our children were enthralled to see bison, elk, deer, a wolf, fox and even a porcupine roaming the plains. We had to abandon a pleasant picnic one afternoon when a bison tried to join us for lunch. The animals are both common and king in this park. We did not encounter bears, but visitors should exercise caution and heed advisories. Using bear boxes to store scented products at campsites is mandatory and carrying bear spray when hiking is recommended. Overall, the park does an excellent job of alerting visitors of all wildlife sightings.
Related: 7 inspiring US state parks to visit when we get the all-clear
Geysers and thermal pools
Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
Yellowstone boasts over half the world's total number of active geysers. Old Faithful is a good place to start -- especially with children in tow -- as it erupts with flair roughly every 90 minutes. Kids will enjoy the Old Faithful Visitor Education Center as it offers films, interactive displays and a very hands-on Young Scientist exhibit. A boardwalk leads visitors to several other geysers in this group along the Firehole River. This is a stroller-friendly three-mile trek -- easily walkable for most children 5 and up. (If you need to upgrade your gear, here's a look at the best baby carriers and strollers for active families.)
Families can spend anywhere between half a day to several days exploring Yellowstone's geysers and thermal pools, which are too numerous to mention in full. One of our favorites is Grand Prismatic Spring, which is the largest and deepest pool in the park and has mesmerizing blue water. The spring is accessible by a half-mile boardwalk. Our kids found Fountain Paint Pot -- a series of mud pots that sputter, bubble and gurgle -- another highlight.
Several walks for younger children can be found right at the geysers and thermal pools. A 1-mile loop through a burnt forest leads to Artist Paint Pots, geological features of various sizes and colors.
Yellowstone is full of trails that lead to waterfalls, lakes and meadows. Trout Lake is a short, but steep 10-minute hike that delivers visitors to picturesque Trout Lake. If you're still feeling energetic, you can then take a stroll along the grassy path through meadows and around the lake (another 20–30 minutes).
Hiking along Trout Lake. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
Mystic Falls is a quiet and rewarding three-mile loop (with the option of adding another mile) that is suitable for families with older children. The hike offers views of the Firehole River and leads to the 70-foot Mystic Falls. We completed the entire 4-mile trail in about three hours with our 9- and 11-year-olds.
If you want to get wet, you can take a dip in the warm pools of Boiling River. A hot spring enters the Gardiner River, and the hot and cold waters mix to create a comfortable spot for splashing around. There are no facilities at the site. Another lukewarm swimming hole popular with kids is the Firehole Swimming Area. Change rooms and washrooms are available.
The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
No trip to Yellowstone would be complete without a stop at the park's Grand Canyon. The Canyon Visitor Education Center will enthrall children, with its room-sized relief model highlighting the park's volcanic activity and a rotating globe that shows the earth's volcanoes, along with exhibits, murals and dioramas.
A view into the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. (Photo by Daria Salamon)
The canyon itself is inspiring and unexpected when you first lay eyes on it. A product of volcanic activity, it seems to split the park open, with red, rust and yellow rock that is a product of the area's thermal activity. You can watch the Lower and Upper Falls tumbling into the canyon from various viewing points.
Yellowstone is sprawling and filled with possibility and diversity, and camping is an iconic way to experience it. If you decide to pack it up and stay in a hotel for a night, you can use 45k IHG points to stay at the Holiday Inn West Yellowstone or 30k Wyndham points to stay at the Days Inn by Wyndham West Yellowstone.
While Yellowstone can be overwhelming, focusing on a few areas of the park makes it manageable. Plan to stay in the areas you wish to see. Due to the wildlife sightings, scenery and traffic, travel can be slow going. Sit back and enjoy the ride -- and you may even witness a bison being born!
If you're new to the great outdoors, here are TPG's top tips for visiting national parks with kids. If you need to start earning some points to cover your next vacation, here are some of the top rewards credit cards for traveling families.
Featured image by (Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park. Photo by Chris Leipelt/Unsplash)
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7 August 2012 / SF News / Brock Keeling
Chevron To Pay Residents Affected By Toxic Refinery Fire
And finally, in crisis communications news: After Monday's fire at the Chrevron refinery in Richmond, Calif. sent a plume of black, toxic smoke into the air blanketing much of Richmond, North Richmond, and San Pablo, the company said they not only plan on conducting full clean-up and investigation, but also "to compensate our neighbors for medical and property expenses incurred as a result of the incident."
In a letter sent out to community members by Chevron spokeswoman Melissa Ritchie:
Dear Members of the Community: We apologize for the fire and smoke caused by yesterday's incident. Nothing is more important than safe operations and yesterday we did not meet that expectation. The fire is now under control. We are currently working on clean-up and investigation. We will continue to work with government agencies to determine the cause of the incident and see to it that it never happens again. We will work hard to repair the refinery so that we can provide consumers with the fuel products they need. We recognize the importance of sharing information as it becomes available and plan to do so at tonight's town hall at 6 p.m. at the Richmond Memorial Auditorium and in ongoing community updates. A claims process has been set up through Crawford and Company and we intend to compensate our neighbors for medical and property expenses incurred as a result of the incident. We will also see to it that communities will be reimbursed for the costs they face for emergency personnel who responded to last night's incident. If you wish to file a claim please call 866-260-7881. We will respond to these claims as promptly as possible.
At the same time, we are continuing to work with community leaders and City officials to make things right. We value their input and, as a long-standing member of the Richmond community for more than a hundred years, we are committed to the success of this City.
We thank the firefighters and first-responders - including those from other companies and cities. Their courage and professionalism made the best of a difficult situation.
If you have any additional questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to call 510-242-2000.
Previously: Toxic Chevron Refinery Fire in Richmond Prompts Shelter-in-Place
Wednesday Morning Link Dump: Let's Put Black Rock City On Mars
Imagining Burning Man's Black Rock City on Mars. [io9] McCovey Chronicles pens some pure poetry about Barry Zito. [McCoveyChron] The Guardian asks: can City College be saved? [SFBG] No surprise here: panhandlers are
Day Around The Bay: Amazon Security, Or Lack Thereof
Amazon quietly closes security hole after journalist's devastating hack. [Wired] Mission Rock Resort opening this Friday! [Tablehopper] Activists win legal victory just as the circus comes to town. [SFBG] AM Ocean Avenue blaze
Brock Keeling


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Mammillaria petterssonii ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Mammillaria in der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton ehrt den deutschen Kakteensammler Pettersson, den Freund des Kakteenspezialisten und Besitzers einer Kakteengärtnerei in Birkenwerder bei Berlin Heinrich Hildmann.

Beschreibung
Mammillaria petterssonii wächst meist einzeln. Die kugeligen Triebe sind trüb hellgrün und bis zu 12 Zentimeter im Durchmesser groß. Die dreikantigen Warzen sind groß und führen reichlich Milchsaft. Die Axillen sind mit Wolle besetzt. Die 6 bis 7 Mitteldornen sind orangebraun. Im Alter werden sie weißlich mit dunkler Spitze. Sie werden bis zu 2 Zentimeter lang. Die 10 oder mehr Randdornen sind steif, gerade und weiß. Sie werden 2 bis 10 Millimeter lang. Die obersten sind kürzer und schwächer ausgebildet.

Die rosaroten bis weißen Blüten haben einen rötlichen Mittelstreifen. Sie sind bis zu 2,5 Zentimeter im Durchmesser groß und ebenso lang. Die Früchte sind purpurrosa. Sie enthalten braune Samen.

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung
Mammillaria petterssonii ist in den mexikanischen Bundesstaaten Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí und Zacatecas verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte 1886 durch Heinrich Hildmann. Ein nomenklatorisches Synonym ist Neomammillaria petterssonii  (1923).

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als "", d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Mammillaria (Kakteen)
Petterssonii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Dunedin/Otago Peninsula
(664 routes)
Rock climbing is an inheritantly dangerous activity that always carries an element of risk. Dunedin crags are riskier than most. Without singling out any particular crag or sector, serious rock fall has occurred unexpectedly in the most unlikely places but no more so than at Long Beach. Most of the main cliff walls have bands of unstable rock that regularly shed missiles during high winds and following rainfall. Make wearing a helmet habitual and be aware that rock fall can occur on access and descent tracks. Your safety is entirely your responsibility. Only you can assess your ability to climb any particular route and its suitability for climbing.
The 1989 Canterbury Rock guide described the Dunedin rock scene as 'a soul centre':
'With but three lonely crags to feed their physicality, and unfettered by the cosmopolitan influences and competitiveness of a larger centre like Christchurch, its denizens represent the purest expression of the introspective adolescence that lies usually hidden in us all. Going there is a pilgrimage in which climbing rocks is only a minor part . . .
There may be some truth in the put down (although I don't get the introspective bit), but don't let that put you off – Dunedin's charms can be hidden, and not easily revealed.
Bring your surfboard, kayak, fins and mask as well as your rack. Enjoy the crags and their magnificent environment, one of the best kept secrets in the country – Dunedin's amazing coastline, secluded coves, stunning white sand, laid back locals, shags and oystercatchers, perfect surf and dodging Hooker sea-lions on long committing coastal traverses: maybe climbing is only one part of the experience after all.
The first record of crag climbing around Dunedin dates back to the 1930's, when groups of Alpine Club members would jump on the tram, don their nailed alpine boots and head for the Silverpeaks. The notorious Big Chimney at Big Rock (access described in Bishop's 'From Sea to Silverpeaks', p85) was the test piece of the time. Big Rock, the other Flagstaff outcrops and Mopanui (another favoured cliff on the hill above Waitati) hold little interest now for rockclimbers of the new millennium.
The Pinnacle–Epicentre of Dunedin Rockclimbing
The pinnacle at Long Beach gained attention in the 50's and quickly became a training ground for aspiring alpinists. Protection against injury was deemed to be primarily 'through the skilled use of hand and footholds', augmented by slings and pitons. In the early 1960s Bob Cunninghame returned from the UK and introduced the use of nuts (originally standard steel engineering nuts with the threads machined out) and other runners, sparking a jump in standards, and culminating in his ascent of Cunninghame's Crack, the nemesis of many a climber over the years. Laurie Kennedy writes: 'Bob called it Kindling Crack – on an unsuccessful attempt he had used a wooden wedge (UK style) for protection, and then a week or so later found someone else had half filled the crack with wedges for aid. We went back the next week with a saw to clean up, producing quantities of firewood for the next BBQ.
Bob then used a couple of jammed pebbles to sling runners around and made the first ascent in September 1966. He also incorporated the first girdle traverse of that side of the rock at around the same time. Cunninghame adds – 'After the effort with the wooden wedges – actually the week after the first ascent – I placed two old soft steel pitons for protection. I really hammered them in so they couldn't be removed to try to protect the rock. I had an early attempt in March 1966 but found the loose sand and rubble in the crack a bit time consuming and ran out of daylight! I reversed all the way down from the crux.'
1970s Legends
The 1970s saw the rise of an influential new generation of Dunedin climbers who made their marks on the NZ climbing scene – Calum Hudson, Murray Judge, Bill Denz, Phil Herron, Merv English and many others who honed their skills on the Pinnacle and Dunedin's second crag, Mihiwaka, which was developed according to the emerging 'clean climbing' ethic, a reaction against pitons and bolting. By then EB's (specialised rockclimbing shoes) had replaced the alpine boots, and climbers gradually began to realize there was more to climbing than alpinism – and summits.
Hudson was scathing in the OSONZAC newsletter of the time when he found evidence of a piton placement there, ending with the plea, ' So please everybody, keep Mihiwaka clean and let's not have anyone else lowering themselves to the level of this mad basher'. In 1977 a zealot removed all the fixed pitons from the pinnacle, prompting a complaint to the NZAC bulletin that 'many of the routes were now dangerous, causing a 60 foot fall by one of NZ's leading rock climbers, resulting in a broken back'. The reference seems to be Calum Hudson's fall from near the top of End Rib, but he was soloing at the time, so piton removal can hardly be blamed (Hudson also doesn't recollect major piton removal around that time). Incidentally, Hudson was the founding member of the Long Beach Broken Back Club, which has at least 6 members. Although some examples of rusting ironmongery still decorate the main cliff, the Pinnacle has none – it appears they were never replaced, possibly because Friends came on the market soon after and revolutionised crack protection.
The 1980s – Main Cliff Development
The main cliff cracks had been used for aid climbing practice since the 60's, but it was not until 1980 that UK master John Allen and his apprentice Dave Fearnley emerged to open the main cliff to free climbing exploration with a couple of epic forays. Next on the scene in the 1980s was Graham Love. Armed with wire brush, crow bar and bolt kit, he picked off the majority of crack lines and the legendary Crime and Punishment. He has to be considered the major influence in the 'Golden Age' of Long Beach development, 1983–86.
A young Al Mark found an outlet for his energy and adolescent larrikinism, bolting the faces between the lines with desperate clips and sandbag grades (the 1987 guide lists several Al's 19s', which average out at about grade 21) and by 1987 only contrived fill-ins remained to be done, apart from some testpieces from the talented Jeremy Strang/Andy Milne partnership, still the hardest routes in the area ten years later.
The new route fever had not died however, and Dunedin climbers desperate for virgin rock turned to the dubious charms of Walkway and Ramset crags and Port Chalmers Quarry (also visited by the Cunninghame-Kennedy team a quarter of a century earlier), which have since thankfully returned to their dank, vegetated original state with only the occasional rusting coach-bolt to mark the labours of Al Mark, Simon Cox, Ross Cullen, Andy MacDonald and others.
With the departure of the major activists from Dunedin in 1988, Greg Aimer set out on a mission to make climbing safe for the masses. He placed bolt anchors along the top of the Pinnacle to create a consumer top-roping area and retrobolted several climbs. His plans to sanitise Long Beach were cut short by his own departure from NZ.
The construction of the NZAC Regent Theatre climbing wall in 1990, a 23m artificial wall with bolt-on holds in the centre of town (now dismantled in 1998 to make way for a phantom multi-levelled carpark) and the opening of the World Fitness Centre indoor climbing wall heralded a trend towards sportclimbing. Many 80's Long Beach routes quickly became unfashionable as rockclimbers turned their backs on run-outs and natural pro to concentrate on closely spaced bolt protection and technical difficulty. Long Beach was already dated, and the future of Dunedin climbing was now to be in Wanaka and Payne's Ford.
Fin-de-Siecle Frenzy
After nearly a decade's dormancy in local new crag development, Steve Carr returned to the climbing scene and in 1996 almost singlehandedly developed the Mapoutahi Crag. The quaint Karitane Rock was 'discovered' by Marcus Thomas, and in the winter of 1998 Murray Judge, the most indefatigable activist of them all, bolted the Railway Cutting Crag to initiate a wave of development in the Doctor's Point area which would yield 50 routes in the following 18 months, mainly from Judge, Carr and Dave Brash. The petrol drill and a willingness to climb on less than perfect rock have opened up new horizons in the Dunedin region. The first serious investigations of the Otago Peninsula sea-cliffs have only just begun. Many of the routes, and even whole crags may be of dubious quality, but at least something's happening now!
Beyond 2000
Even though 80+ routes have been developed in the last two or three years they are mainly moderate routes, often trad style and put up by 1980s (or 1970s) bred climbers. With the exception of Mike Simpson, the new generation of climbers is still looking elsewhere for their challenges. True, the rock resources here are limited for hard climbing, but perhaps another reason is that the climbs are hard won, requiring exploration and battle with difficult access, poor rock, sea, and lichen. Shortage of cliffs around Dunedin has never been a problem, only climbable rock, and the Judges, Hudsons, Loves, Marks and Carrs of the future will continue to unearth new crags from amongst the choss with the aid of petrol drill and crow bar.
There may be Superbowls here – you'll have to work to get to and develop them, and the total experience will always be much richer than the climbing experience alone.
Dave Brash. Plus the following people supplied route information and/or read drafts: Calum Hudson, Steve Carr, Murray Judge, Marcus Thomas, Kevin Donoghue, Mike Simpson, Andy MacDonald, Simon Cox, Al Mark, Andy Milne, Bob Cunninghame and Laurie Kennedy.
Crag Doctors Point (97 routes)
Crag Karitane Rock (18 routes)
Crag Long Beach (317 routes)
Crag Lovers Leap (52 routes)
Crag Lovers Landing (4 routes)
Crag Māpoutahi (124 routes)
Crag Mihiwaka (30 routes)
Crag Port Chalmers Quarry (13 routes)
Crag Buttars Peak (0 routes)
Crag Mount Cargill (9 routes)
This place appears in
Rock Deluxe South
Dunedin Rock
3aa56818-522d-4606-a39c-74e247a188ac
Rock climbing is an
Permalink Submitted by stevecarr on Sat, 19/11/2022 - 20:31
Rock climbing is an inherently dangerous activity that always carries an element of risk. Dunedin crags are riskier than most. Without singling out any particular crag or sector, serious rock fall has occurred unexpectedly in the most unlikely places but no more so than at Long Beach. Most of the main cliff walls have bands of unstable rock that regularly shed missiles during high wind and following rainfall. Make wearing a helmet habitual and be aware that rock fall can occur on access and descent tracks. Your safety is entirely your responsibility. Only you can assess your ability to climb any particular route and its suitability for climbing.


Smartwatches aren't for everyone, but for many (including myself), they can be incredibly helpful at times. But just because a smartwatch is a piece of technology, doesn't mean it can't look nice. Several companies have been selling custom bands for smartwatches over the years, and perhaps the best in the industry is Clockwork Synergy.
This time (pun intended), we have partnered with Clockwork Synergy to give away eight packs of the company's watchbands.
CS has been a leading maker of quality watch straps and bands for over 10 years, and all the company's designs look fantastic on both 'dumb' watches and smartwatches alike. Clockwork Synergy even makes straps for the Apple Watch, if you're more of an iOS fan (or if you're looking for a gift for an Apple Watch owner).
So, back to the giveaway. Each prize pack contains three awesome CS products, which will work with most smartwatches and normal timepieces. The first item is a Cordura Collection Band, available in a number of fantastic designs using genuine leather. Every single one is tear-resistant, easy to clean, and comes with pre-installed pins to make it easy to install and remove.
Each pack also comes with one two-piece RAF NATO band. Compared to the Cordura Collection, the RAF NATO has double-layered Nylon instead of genuine leather. Each band also has premium stitching and head-sealed ends to ensure a comfortable feel on your wrist. These also have the same quick-release pins that the Cordura Collection has.
Finally, we come to the last component of the prize pack, a Dapper Collection leather band. As you can probably tell from the name, these are the super fancy watchbands. They are available in a variety of designs, with your choice of five unique buckle color options on top of that. All of them use the 'Bomber' texture with a sweat-resistant lining, and the same quick-release pins that the other two designs include.
This giveaway will run from Tuesday, October 17th to 11:59 PM Pacific Time on Thursday, October 19th. Eight winners will receive one Cordura Series band, one RAF NATO band, and one Dapper Collection band. Winners will be contacted by Clockwork Synergy in order to obtain shipping information and band color/style/size choice.
This contest is only open to all countries except Malaysia, Russia, North Korea, and Indonesia. Good luck!


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Baylor Baseball Coach A Finalist For National Coach Of The Year
By Chip Rouse Jul 2, 2012, 3:33pm CDT
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Baylor head coach Steve Smith is one of seven finalists for Collegiate Baseball's National Coach of the Year award.
Smith, who led his team to a 49-17 overall record, and 20-4 in the Big 12, this season and the Big 12 regular-season championship, was the conference's 2012 Coach of the Year. He is one of only two finalists who did not have a team in this year's College World Series.
The Baylor head coach just finished his 18th season at the school. The Bears have appeared in 13 of the last 15 NCAA Baseball Tournaments.
The other finalists are Andy Lopez of College World Series champion Arizona, Mike Martin of Florida State, Doug Schreiber of Purdue, Scott Stricklin of Kent State, Stony Brook's Matt Senk and Ray Tanner of South Carolina.
The winner of this year's award will be announced Thursday.


text:
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06/03/2020 Politics / Spotted On Social Media
Were Members Of Parliament Sending Out A Distress Signal?
Posted by John Johnson
It has emerged that the Union Flag (or Union Jack depending on your salty views) has been flying above Parliament upside down for weeks.
When a flag is intentionally flown upside down, it usually means that a distress signal is being sent out.
The bizarre subject was brought up during proceedings in the House of Commons with Jacob Rees-Mogg describing the news as "deeply troubling" – in a tongue-in-cheek manner of course.
Tory MP Robert Courts shared the news during a debate in the House of Commons. He said:
"I wouldn't want to be seen to be too much of a stickler for these things, but the Union Jack above Portcullis House has been flying upside down for some time now."
"This could be a mistake.
"I doubt that the building has surrendered to anybody, but could we have the debate in government time as to whether in fact, the building is in distress or whether its the MPs within it that are in distress?"
Mr Rees-Mogg said:
"This is a deeply troubling matter that the Union Jack should be flying upside down."
After being jeered for referring to the flag as the 'Union Jack', Rees-Mogg said:
"Oh, dear, oh dear, oh dear. The pedants are wrong; it is the Union Jack and has been referred to for many centuries.
"There is this pedantic but erroneous view that it should be called the Union flag and it is used by people who are more pedantic than they are wise."
"I'm sorry that this has happened, I'm glad it's been brought to the attention of the House authorities, I imagine that someone is, as we are speaking, going to correct this because I see the clerk of the House of Commons is taking action immediately and things do sometimes happen swiftly, and I assure you that members of Parliament are not in distress."
With everything that is going on at the moment, then I would not be surprised if it was, in fact, a prearranged signal for help.
Although, I am not sure who (or what) could help us?
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Because remember: Laughter is stress leaving the body!
Males Pulls Out On Emergency Ambulance Crew And Then Leaves His Number On Windscreen Hoping For A Date
'Hit The Ambulance' Seems To Have Turned A Bit Sour
Interesting because the Union flag/Jack in the picture appears to be the right way up to me!
Victor Green says:
This is the right way up. Get your facts right.
The Flag at the Top of this Post is NOT the one on Portcullis House.
It is only for reference only and Yes it is the right way up.
Let us know what you think!	Cancel reply
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