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#ifndef _LINUX_MM_H
#define _LINUX_MM_H

#include <linux/errno.h>

#ifdef __KERNEL__

#include <linux/mmdebug.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/mmzone.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/range.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
#include <linux/shrinker.h>
#include <linux/resource.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/page_ref.h>

struct mempolicy;
struct anon_vma;
struct anon_vma_chain;
struct file_ra_state;
struct user_struct;
struct writeback_control;
struct bdi_writeback;

#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES	/* Don't use mapnrs, do it properly */
extern unsigned long max_mapnr;

static inline void set_max_mapnr(unsigned long limit)
{
	max_mapnr = limit;
}
#else
static inline void set_max_mapnr(unsigned long limit) { }
#endif

extern unsigned long totalram_pages;
extern void * high_memory;
extern int page_cluster;

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
extern int sysctl_legacy_va_layout;
#else
#define sysctl_legacy_va_layout 0
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
extern const int mmap_rnd_bits_min;
extern const int mmap_rnd_bits_max;
extern int mmap_rnd_bits __read_mostly;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
extern const int mmap_rnd_compat_bits_min;
extern const int mmap_rnd_compat_bits_max;
extern int mmap_rnd_compat_bits __read_mostly;
#endif

#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>

#ifndef __pa_symbol
#define __pa_symbol(x)  __pa(RELOC_HIDE((unsigned long)(x), 0))
#endif

#ifndef page_to_virt
#define page_to_virt(x)	__va(PFN_PHYS(page_to_pfn(x)))
#endif

/*
 * To prevent common memory management code establishing
 * a zero page mapping on a read fault.
 * This macro should be defined within <asm/pgtable.h>.
 * s390 does this to prevent multiplexing of hardware bits
 * related to the physical page in case of virtualization.
 */
#ifndef mm_forbids_zeropage
#define mm_forbids_zeropage(X)	(0)
#endif

/*
 * Default maximum number of active map areas, this limits the number of vmas
 * per mm struct. Users can overwrite this number by sysctl but there is a
 * problem.
 *
 * When a program's coredump is generated as ELF format, a section is created
 * per a vma. In ELF, the number of sections is represented in unsigned short.
 * This means the number of sections should be smaller than 65535 at coredump.
 * Because the kernel adds some informative sections to a image of program at
 * generating coredump, we need some margin. The number of extra sections is
 * 1-3 now and depends on arch. We use "5" as safe margin, here.
 *
 * ELF extended numbering allows more than 65535 sections, so 16-bit bound is
 * not a hard limit any more. Although some userspace tools can be surprised by
 * that.
 */
#define MAPCOUNT_ELF_CORE_MARGIN	(5)
#define DEFAULT_MAX_MAP_COUNT	(USHRT_MAX - MAPCOUNT_ELF_CORE_MARGIN)

extern int sysctl_max_map_count;

extern unsigned long sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes;
extern unsigned long sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes;

extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
extern int sysctl_overcommit_ratio;
extern unsigned long sysctl_overcommit_kbytes;

extern int overcommit_ratio_handler(struct ctl_table *, int, void __user *,
				    size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int overcommit_kbytes_handler(struct ctl_table *, int, void __user *,
				    size_t *, loff_t *);

#define nth_page(page,n) pfn_to_page(page_to_pfn((page)) + (n))

/* to align the pointer to the (next) page boundary */
#define PAGE_ALIGN(addr) ALIGN(addr, PAGE_SIZE)

/* test whether an address (unsigned long or pointer) is aligned to PAGE_SIZE */
#define PAGE_ALIGNED(addr)	IS_ALIGNED((unsigned long)addr, PAGE_SIZE)

/*
 * Linux kernel virtual memory manager primitives.
 * The idea being to have a "virtual" mm in the same way
 * we have a virtual fs - giving a cleaner interface to the
 * mm details, and allowing different kinds of memory mappings
 * (from shared memory to executable loading to arbitrary
 * mmap() functions).
 */

extern struct kmem_cache *vm_area_cachep;

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
extern struct rb_root nommu_region_tree;
extern struct rw_semaphore nommu_region_sem;

extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
#endif

/*
 * vm_flags in vm_area_struct, see mm_types.h.
 * When changing, update also include/trace/events/mmflags.h
 */
#define VM_NONE		0x00000000

#define VM_READ		0x00000001	/* currently active flags */
#define VM_WRITE	0x00000002
#define VM_EXEC		0x00000004
#define VM_SHARED	0x00000008

/* mprotect() hardcodes VM_MAYREAD >> 4 == VM_READ, and so for r/w/x bits. */
#define VM_MAYREAD	0x00000010	/* limits for mprotect() etc */
#define VM_MAYWRITE	0x00000020
#define VM_MAYEXEC	0x00000040
#define VM_MAYSHARE	0x00000080

#define VM_GROWSDOWN	0x00000100	/* general info on the segment */
#define VM_UFFD_MISSING	0x00000200	/* missing pages tracking */
#define VM_PFNMAP	0x00000400	/* Page-ranges managed without "struct page", just pure PFN */
#define VM_DENYWRITE	0x00000800	/* ETXTBSY on write attempts.. */
#define VM_UFFD_WP	0x00001000	/* wrprotect pages tracking */

#define VM_LOCKED	0x00002000
#define VM_IO           0x00004000	/* Memory mapped I/O or similar */

					/* Used by sys_madvise() */
#define VM_SEQ_READ	0x00008000	/* App will access data sequentially */
#define VM_RAND_READ	0x00010000	/* App will not benefit from clustered reads */

#define VM_DONTCOPY	0x00020000      /* Do not copy this vma on fork */
#define VM_DONTEXPAND	0x00040000	/* Cannot expand with mremap() */
#define VM_LOCKONFAULT	0x00080000	/* Lock the pages covered when they are faulted in */
#define VM_ACCOUNT	0x00100000	/* Is a VM accounted object */
#define VM_NORESERVE	0x00200000	/* should the VM suppress accounting */
#define VM_HUGETLB	0x00400000	/* Huge TLB Page VM */
#define VM_ARCH_1	0x01000000	/* Architecture-specific flag */
#define VM_ARCH_2	0x02000000
#define VM_DONTDUMP	0x04000000	/* Do not include in the core dump */

#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
# define VM_SOFTDIRTY	0x08000000	/* Not soft dirty clean area */
#else
# define VM_SOFTDIRTY	0
#endif

#define VM_MIXEDMAP	0x10000000	/* Can contain "struct page" and pure PFN pages */
#define VM_HUGEPAGE	0x20000000	/* MADV_HUGEPAGE marked this vma */
#define VM_NOHUGEPAGE	0x40000000	/* MADV_NOHUGEPAGE marked this vma */
#define VM_MERGEABLE	0x80000000	/* KSM may merge identical pages */

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0	32	/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_1	33	/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_2	34	/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_3	35	/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_0	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0)
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_1	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_1)
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_2	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_2)
#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_3	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_3)
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS */

#if defined(CONFIG_X86)
# define VM_PAT		VM_ARCH_1	/* PAT reserves whole VMA at once (x86) */
#if defined (CONFIG_X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS)
# define VM_PKEY_SHIFT	VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0
# define VM_PKEY_BIT0	VM_HIGH_ARCH_0	/* A protection key is a 4-bit value */
# define VM_PKEY_BIT1	VM_HIGH_ARCH_1
# define VM_PKEY_BIT2	VM_HIGH_ARCH_2
# define VM_PKEY_BIT3	VM_HIGH_ARCH_3
#endif
#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC)
# define VM_SAO		VM_ARCH_1	/* Strong Access Ordering (powerpc) */
#elif defined(CONFIG_PARISC)
# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_ARCH_1
#elif defined(CONFIG_METAG)
# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_ARCH_1
#elif defined(CONFIG_IA64)
# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_ARCH_1
#elif !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
# define VM_MAPPED_COPY	VM_ARCH_1	/* T if mapped copy of data (nommu mmap) */
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_X86)
/* MPX specific bounds table or bounds directory */
# define VM_MPX		VM_ARCH_2
#endif

#ifndef VM_GROWSUP
# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_NONE
#endif

/* Bits set in the VMA until the stack is in its final location */
#define VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP	(VM_RAND_READ | VM_SEQ_READ)

#ifndef VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS		/* arch can override this */
#define VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS VM_DATA_DEFAULT_FLAGS
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
#define VM_STACK	VM_GROWSUP
#else
#define VM_STACK	VM_GROWSDOWN
#endif

#define VM_STACK_FLAGS	(VM_STACK | VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS | VM_ACCOUNT)

/*
 * Special vmas that are non-mergable, non-mlock()able.
 * Note: mm/huge_memory.c VM_NO_THP depends on this definition.
 */
#define VM_SPECIAL (VM_IO | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP)

/* This mask defines which mm->def_flags a process can inherit its parent */
#define VM_INIT_DEF_MASK	VM_NOHUGEPAGE

/* This mask is used to clear all the VMA flags used by mlock */
#define VM_LOCKED_CLEAR_MASK	(~(VM_LOCKED | VM_LOCKONFAULT))

/*
 * mapping from the currently active vm_flags protection bits (the
 * low four bits) to a page protection mask..
 */
extern pgprot_t protection_map[16];

#define FAULT_FLAG_WRITE	0x01	/* Fault was a write access */
#define FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE	0x02	/* Fault was mkwrite of existing pte */
#define FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY	0x04	/* Retry fault if blocking */
#define FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT	0x08	/* Don't drop mmap_sem and wait when retrying */
#define FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE	0x10	/* The fault task is in SIGKILL killable region */
#define FAULT_FLAG_TRIED	0x20	/* Second try */
#define FAULT_FLAG_USER		0x40	/* The fault originated in userspace */
#define FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE	0x80	/* faulting for non current tsk/mm */
#define FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION  0x100	/* The fault was during an instruction fetch */

/*
 * vm_fault is filled by the the pagefault handler and passed to the vma's
 * ->fault function. The vma's ->fault is responsible for returning a bitmask
 * of VM_FAULT_xxx flags that give details about how the fault was handled.
 *
 * MM layer fills up gfp_mask for page allocations but fault handler might
 * alter it if its implementation requires a different allocation context.
 *
 * pgoff should be used in favour of virtual_address, if possible.
 */
struct vm_fault {
	unsigned int flags;		/* FAULT_FLAG_xxx flags */
	gfp_t gfp_mask;			/* gfp mask to be used for allocations */
	pgoff_t pgoff;			/* Logical page offset based on vma */
	void __user *virtual_address;	/* Faulting virtual address */

	struct page *cow_page;		/* Handler may choose to COW */
	struct page *page;		/* ->fault handlers should return a
					 * page here, unless VM_FAULT_NOPAGE
					 * is set (which is also implied by
					 * VM_FAULT_ERROR).
					 */
	void *entry;			/* ->fault handler can alternatively
					 * return locked DAX entry. In that
					 * case handler should return
					 * VM_FAULT_DAX_LOCKED and fill in
					 * entry here.
					 */
	/* for ->map_pages() only */
	pgoff_t max_pgoff;		/* map pages for offset from pgoff till
					 * max_pgoff inclusive */
	pte_t *pte;			/* pte entry associated with ->pgoff */
};

/*
 * These are the virtual MM functions - opening of an area, closing and
 * unmapping it (needed to keep files on disk up-to-date etc), pointer
 * to the functions called when a no-page or a wp-page exception occurs.
 */
struct vm_operations_struct {
	void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
	void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
	int (*mremap)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
	int (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);
	int (*pmd_fault)(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long address,
						pmd_t *, unsigned int flags);
	void (*map_pages)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

	/* notification that a previously read-only page is about to become
	 * writable, if an error is returned it will cause a SIGBUS */
	int (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

	/* same as page_mkwrite when using VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP */
	int (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

	/* called by access_process_vm when get_user_pages() fails, typically
	 * for use by special VMAs that can switch between memory and hardware
	 */
	int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
		      void *buf, int len, int write);

	/* Called by the /proc/PID/maps code to ask the vma whether it
	 * has a special name.  Returning non-NULL will also cause this
	 * vma to be dumped unconditionally. */
	const char *(*name)(struct vm_area_struct *vma);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	/*
	 * set_policy() op must add a reference to any non-NULL @new mempolicy
	 * to hold the policy upon return.  Caller should pass NULL @new to
	 * remove a policy and fall back to surrounding context--i.e. do not
	 * install a MPOL_DEFAULT policy, nor the task or system default
	 * mempolicy.
	 */
	int (*set_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *new);

	/*
	 * get_policy() op must add reference [mpol_get()] to any policy at
	 * (vma,addr) marked as MPOL_SHARED.  The shared policy infrastructure
	 * in mm/mempolicy.c will do this automatically.
	 * get_policy() must NOT add a ref if the policy at (vma,addr) is not
	 * marked as MPOL_SHARED. vma policies are protected by the mmap_sem.
	 * If no [shared/vma] mempolicy exists at the addr, get_policy() op
	 * must return NULL--i.e., do not "fallback" to task or system default
	 * policy.
	 */
	struct mempolicy *(*get_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					unsigned long addr);
#endif
	/*
	 * Called by vm_normal_page() for special PTEs to find the
	 * page for @addr.  This is useful if the default behavior
	 * (using pte_page()) would not find the correct page.
	 */
	struct page *(*find_special_page)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					  unsigned long addr);
};

struct mmu_gather;
struct inode;

#define page_private(page)		((page)->private)
#define set_page_private(page, v)	((page)->private = (v))

#if !defined(__HAVE_ARCH_PTE_DEVMAP) || !defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)
static inline int pmd_devmap(pmd_t pmd)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * FIXME: take this include out, include page-flags.h in
 * files which need it (119 of them)
 */
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <linux/huge_mm.h>

/*
 * Methods to modify the page usage count.
 *
 * What counts for a page usage:
 * - cache mapping   (page->mapping)
 * - private data    (page->private)
 * - page mapped in a task's page tables, each mapping
 *   is counted separately
 *
 * Also, many kernel routines increase the page count before a critical
 * routine so they can be sure the page doesn't go away from under them.
 */

/*
 * Drop a ref, return true if the refcount fell to zero (the page has no users)
 */
static inline int put_page_testzero(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) == 0, page);
	return page_ref_dec_and_test(page);
}

/*
 * Try to grab a ref unless the page has a refcount of zero, return false if
 * that is the case.
 * This can be called when MMU is off so it must not access
 * any of the virtual mappings.
 */
static inline int get_page_unless_zero(struct page *page)
{
	return page_ref_add_unless(page, 1, 0);
}

extern int page_is_ram(unsigned long pfn);

enum {
	REGION_INTERSECTS,
	REGION_DISJOINT,
	REGION_MIXED,
};

int region_intersects(resource_size_t offset, size_t size, unsigned long flags,
		      unsigned long desc);

/* Support for virtually mapped pages */
struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *addr);
unsigned long vmalloc_to_pfn(const void *addr);

/*
 * Determine if an address is within the vmalloc range
 *
 * On nommu, vmalloc/vfree wrap through kmalloc/kfree directly, so there
 * is no special casing required.
 */
static inline bool is_vmalloc_addr(const void *x)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)x;

	return addr >= VMALLOC_START && addr < VMALLOC_END;
#else
	return false;
#endif
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
extern int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x);
#else
static inline int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

extern void kvfree(const void *addr);

static inline atomic_t *compound_mapcount_ptr(struct page *page)
{
	return &page[1].compound_mapcount;
}

static inline int compound_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageCompound(page), page);
	page = compound_head(page);
	return atomic_read(compound_mapcount_ptr(page)) + 1;
}

/*
 * The atomic page->_mapcount, starts from -1: so that transitions
 * both from it and to it can be tracked, using atomic_inc_and_test
 * and atomic_add_negative(-1).
 */
static inline void page_mapcount_reset(struct page *page)
{
	atomic_set(&(page)->_mapcount, -1);
}

int __page_mapcount(struct page *page);

static inline int page_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSlab(page), page);

	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
		return __page_mapcount(page);
	return atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) + 1;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
int total_mapcount(struct page *page);
int page_trans_huge_mapcount(struct page *page, int *total_mapcount);
#else
static inline int total_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
	return page_mapcount(page);
}
static inline int page_trans_huge_mapcount(struct page *page,
					   int *total_mapcount)
{
	int mapcount = page_mapcount(page);
	if (total_mapcount)
		*total_mapcount = mapcount;
	return mapcount;
}
#endif

static inline struct page *virt_to_head_page(const void *x)
{
	struct page *page = virt_to_page(x);

	return compound_head(page);
}

void __put_page(struct page *page);

void put_pages_list(struct list_head *pages);

void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
int split_free_page(struct page *page);

/*
 * Compound pages have a destructor function.  Provide a
 * prototype for that function and accessor functions.
 * These are _only_ valid on the head of a compound page.
 */
typedef void compound_page_dtor(struct page *);

/* Keep the enum in sync with compound_page_dtors array in mm/page_alloc.c */
enum compound_dtor_id {
	NULL_COMPOUND_DTOR,
	COMPOUND_PAGE_DTOR,
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
	HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	TRANSHUGE_PAGE_DTOR,
#endif
	NR_COMPOUND_DTORS,
};
extern compound_page_dtor * const compound_page_dtors[];

static inline void set_compound_page_dtor(struct page *page,
		enum compound_dtor_id compound_dtor)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound_dtor >= NR_COMPOUND_DTORS, page);
	page[1].compound_dtor = compound_dtor;
}

static inline compound_page_dtor *get_compound_page_dtor(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page[1].compound_dtor >= NR_COMPOUND_DTORS, page);
	return compound_page_dtors[page[1].compound_dtor];
}

static inline unsigned int compound_order(struct page *page)
{
	if (!PageHead(page))
		return 0;
	return page[1].compound_order;
}

static inline void set_compound_order(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	page[1].compound_order = order;
}

void free_compound_page(struct page *page);

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
/*
 * Do pte_mkwrite, but only if the vma says VM_WRITE.  We do this when
 * servicing faults for write access.  In the normal case, do always want
 * pte_mkwrite.  But get_user_pages can cause write faults for mappings
 * that do not have writing enabled, when used by access_process_vm.
 */
static inline pte_t maybe_mkwrite(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
		pte = pte_mkwrite(pte);
	return pte;
}

void do_set_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
		struct page *page, pte_t *pte, bool write, bool anon);
#endif

/*
 * Multiple processes may "see" the same page. E.g. for untouched
 * mappings of /dev/null, all processes see the same page full of
 * zeroes, and text pages of executables and shared libraries have
 * only one copy in memory, at most, normally.
 *
 * For the non-reserved pages, page_count(page) denotes a reference count.
 *   page_count() == 0 means the page is free. page->lru is then used for
 *   freelist management in the buddy allocator.
 *   page_count() > 0  means the page has been allocated.
 *
 * Pages are allocated by the slab allocator in order to provide memory
 * to kmalloc and kmem_cache_alloc. In this case, the management of the
 * page, and the fields in 'struct page' are the responsibility of mm/slab.c
 * unless a particular usage is carefully commented. (the responsibility of
 * freeing the kmalloc memory is the caller's, of course).
 *
 * A page may be used by anyone else who does a __get_free_page().
 * In this case, page_count still tracks the references, and should only
 * be used through the normal accessor functions. The top bits of page->flags
 * and page->virtual store page management information, but all other fields
 * are unused and could be used privately, carefully. The management of this
 * page is the responsibility of the one who allocated it, and those who have
 * subsequently been given references to it.
 *
 * The other pages (we may call them "pagecache pages") are completely
 * managed by the Linux memory manager: I/O, buffers, swapping etc.
 * The following discussion applies only to them.
 *
 * A pagecache page contains an opaque `private' member, which belongs to the
 * page's address_space. Usually, this is the address of a circular list of
 * the page's disk buffers. PG_private must be set to tell the VM to call
 * into the filesystem to release these pages.
 *
 * A page may belong to an inode's memory mapping. In this case, page->mapping
 * is the pointer to the inode, and page->index is the file offset of the page,
 * in units of PAGE_SIZE.
 *
 * If pagecache pages are not associated with an inode, they are said to be
 * anonymous pages. These may become associated with the swapcache, and in that
 * case PG_swapcache is set, and page->private is an offset into the swapcache.
 *
 * In either case (swapcache or inode backed), the pagecache itself holds one
 * reference to the page. Setting PG_private should also increment the
 * refcount. The each user mapping also has a reference to the page.
 *
 * The pagecache pages are stored in a per-mapping radix tree, which is
 * rooted at mapping->page_tree, and indexed by offset.
 * Where 2.4 and early 2.6 kernels kept dirty/clean pages in per-address_space
 * lists, we instead now tag pages as dirty/writeback in the radix tree.
 *
 * All pagecache pages may be subject to I/O:
 * - inode pages may need to be read from disk,
 * - inode pages which have been modified and are MAP_SHARED may need
 *   to be written back to the inode on disk,
 * - anonymous pages (including MAP_PRIVATE file mappings) which have been
 *   modified may need to be swapped out to swap space and (later) to be read
 *   back into memory.
 */

/*
 * The zone field is never updated after free_area_init_core()
 * sets it, so none of the operations on it need to be atomic.
 */

/* Page flags: | [SECTION] | [NODE] | ZONE | [LAST_CPUPID] | ... | FLAGS | */
#define SECTIONS_PGOFF		((sizeof(unsigned long)*8) - SECTIONS_WIDTH)
#define NODES_PGOFF		(SECTIONS_PGOFF - NODES_WIDTH)
#define ZONES_PGOFF		(NODES_PGOFF - ZONES_WIDTH)
#define LAST_CPUPID_PGOFF	(ZONES_PGOFF - LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH)

/*
 * Define the bit shifts to access each section.  For non-existent
 * sections we define the shift as 0; that plus a 0 mask ensures
 * the compiler will optimise away reference to them.
 */
#define SECTIONS_PGSHIFT	(SECTIONS_PGOFF * (SECTIONS_WIDTH != 0))
#define NODES_PGSHIFT		(NODES_PGOFF * (NODES_WIDTH != 0))
#define ZONES_PGSHIFT		(ZONES_PGOFF * (ZONES_WIDTH != 0))
#define LAST_CPUPID_PGSHIFT	(LAST_CPUPID_PGOFF * (LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH != 0))

/* NODE:ZONE or SECTION:ZONE is used to ID a zone for the buddy allocator */
#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
#define ZONEID_SHIFT		(SECTIONS_SHIFT + ZONES_SHIFT)
#define ZONEID_PGOFF		((SECTIONS_PGOFF < ZONES_PGOFF)? \
						SECTIONS_PGOFF : ZONES_PGOFF)
#else
#define ZONEID_SHIFT		(NODES_SHIFT + ZONES_SHIFT)
#define ZONEID_PGOFF		((NODES_PGOFF < ZONES_PGOFF)? \
						NODES_PGOFF : ZONES_PGOFF)
#endif

#define ZONEID_PGSHIFT		(ZONEID_PGOFF * (ZONEID_SHIFT != 0))

#if SECTIONS_WIDTH+NODES_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#error SECTIONS_WIDTH+NODES_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#endif

#define ZONES_MASK		((1UL << ZONES_WIDTH) - 1)
#define NODES_MASK		((1UL << NODES_WIDTH) - 1)
#define SECTIONS_MASK		((1UL << SECTIONS_WIDTH) - 1)
#define LAST_CPUPID_MASK	((1UL << LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT) - 1)
#define ZONEID_MASK		((1UL << ZONEID_SHIFT) - 1)

static inline enum zone_type page_zonenum(const struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> ZONES_PGSHIFT) & ZONES_MASK;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE
void get_zone_device_page(struct page *page);
void put_zone_device_page(struct page *page);
static inline bool is_zone_device_page(const struct page *page)
{
	return page_zonenum(page) == ZONE_DEVICE;
}
#else
static inline void get_zone_device_page(struct page *page)
{
}
static inline void put_zone_device_page(struct page *page)
{
}
static inline bool is_zone_device_page(const struct page *page)
{
	return false;
}
#endif

static inline void get_page(struct page *page)
{
	page = compound_head(page);
	/*
	 * Getting a normal page or the head of a compound page
	 * requires to already have an elevated page->_refcount.
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) <= 0, page);
	page_ref_inc(page);

	if (unlikely(is_zone_device_page(page)))
		get_zone_device_page(page);
}

static inline void put_page(struct page *page)
{
	page = compound_head(page);

	if (put_page_testzero(page))
		__put_page(page);

	if (unlikely(is_zone_device_page(page)))
		put_zone_device_page(page);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM) && !defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP)
#define SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
#endif

/*
 * The identification function is mainly used by the buddy allocator for
 * determining if two pages could be buddies. We are not really identifying
 * the zone since we could be using the section number id if we do not have
 * node id available in page flags.
 * We only guarantee that it will return the same value for two combinable
 * pages in a zone.
 */
static inline int page_zone_id(struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> ZONEID_PGSHIFT) & ZONEID_MASK;
}

static inline int zone_to_nid(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	return zone->node;
#else
	return 0;
#endif
}

#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
extern int page_to_nid(const struct page *page);
#else
static inline int page_to_nid(const struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> NODES_PGSHIFT) & NODES_MASK;
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
static inline int cpu_pid_to_cpupid(int cpu, int pid)
{
	return ((cpu & LAST__CPU_MASK) << LAST__PID_SHIFT) | (pid & LAST__PID_MASK);
}

static inline int cpupid_to_pid(int cpupid)
{
	return cpupid & LAST__PID_MASK;
}

static inline int cpupid_to_cpu(int cpupid)
{
	return (cpupid >> LAST__PID_SHIFT) & LAST__CPU_MASK;
}

static inline int cpupid_to_nid(int cpupid)
{
	return cpu_to_node(cpupid_to_cpu(cpupid));
}

static inline bool cpupid_pid_unset(int cpupid)
{
	return cpupid_to_pid(cpupid) == (-1 & LAST__PID_MASK);
}

static inline bool cpupid_cpu_unset(int cpupid)
{
	return cpupid_to_cpu(cpupid) == (-1 & LAST__CPU_MASK);
}

static inline bool __cpupid_match_pid(pid_t task_pid, int cpupid)
{
	return (task_pid & LAST__PID_MASK) == cpupid_to_pid(cpupid);
}

#define cpupid_match_pid(task, cpupid) __cpupid_match_pid(task->pid, cpupid)
#ifdef LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
static inline int page_cpupid_xchg_last(struct page *page, int cpupid)
{
	return xchg(&page->_last_cpupid, cpupid & LAST_CPUPID_MASK);
}

static inline int page_cpupid_last(struct page *page)
{
	return page->_last_cpupid;
}
static inline void page_cpupid_reset_last(struct page *page)
{
	page->_last_cpupid = -1 & LAST_CPUPID_MASK;
}
#else
static inline int page_cpupid_last(struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> LAST_CPUPID_PGSHIFT) & LAST_CPUPID_MASK;
}

extern int page_cpupid_xchg_last(struct page *page, int cpupid);

static inline void page_cpupid_reset_last(struct page *page)
{
	page->flags |= LAST_CPUPID_MASK << LAST_CPUPID_PGSHIFT;
}
#endif /* LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS */
#else /* !CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */
static inline int page_cpupid_xchg_last(struct page *page, int cpupid)
{
	return page_to_nid(page); /* XXX */
}

static inline int page_cpupid_last(struct page *page)
{
	return page_to_nid(page); /* XXX */
}

static inline int cpupid_to_nid(int cpupid)
{
	return -1;
}

static inline int cpupid_to_pid(int cpupid)
{
	return -1;
}

static inline int cpupid_to_cpu(int cpupid)
{
	return -1;
}

static inline int cpu_pid_to_cpupid(int nid, int pid)
{
	return -1;
}

static inline bool cpupid_pid_unset(int cpupid)
{
	return 1;
}

static inline void page_cpupid_reset_last(struct page *page)
{
}

static inline bool cpupid_match_pid(struct task_struct *task, int cpupid)
{
	return false;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */

static inline struct zone *page_zone(const struct page *page)
{
	return &NODE_DATA(page_to_nid(page))->node_zones[page_zonenum(page)];
}

#ifdef SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
static inline void set_page_section(struct page *page, unsigned long section)
{
	page->flags &= ~(SECTIONS_MASK << SECTIONS_PGSHIFT);
	page->flags |= (section & SECTIONS_MASK) << SECTIONS_PGSHIFT;
}

static inline unsigned long page_to_section(const struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> SECTIONS_PGSHIFT) & SECTIONS_MASK;
}
#endif

static inline void set_page_zone(struct page *page, enum zone_type zone)
{
	page->flags &= ~(ZONES_MASK << ZONES_PGSHIFT);
	page->flags |= (zone & ZONES_MASK) << ZONES_PGSHIFT;
}

static inline void set_page_node(struct page *page, unsigned long node)
{
	page->flags &= ~(NODES_MASK << NODES_PGSHIFT);
	page->flags |= (node & NODES_MASK) << NODES_PGSHIFT;
}

static inline void set_page_links(struct page *page, enum zone_type zone,
	unsigned long node, unsigned long pfn)
{
	set_page_zone(page, zone);
	set_page_node(page, node);
#ifdef SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
	set_page_section(page, pfn_to_section_nr(pfn));
#endif
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
static inline struct mem_cgroup *page_memcg(struct page *page)
{
	return page->mem_cgroup;
}
#else
static inline struct mem_cgroup *page_memcg(struct page *page)
{
	return NULL;
}
#endif

/*
 * Some inline functions in vmstat.h depend on page_zone()
 */
#include <linux/vmstat.h>

static __always_inline void *lowmem_page_address(const struct page *page)
{
	return page_to_virt(page);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_HIGHMEM) && !defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
#define HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL
#endif

#if defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
static inline void *page_address(const struct page *page)
{
	return page->virtual;
}
static inline void set_page_address(struct page *page, void *address)
{
	page->virtual = address;
}
#define page_address_init()  do { } while(0)
#endif

#if defined(HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
void *page_address(const struct page *page);
void set_page_address(struct page *page, void *virtual);
void page_address_init(void);
#endif

#if !defined(HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL) && !defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
#define page_address(page) lowmem_page_address(page)
#define set_page_address(page, address)  do { } while(0)
#define page_address_init()  do { } while(0)
#endif

extern void *page_rmapping(struct page *page);
extern struct anon_vma *page_anon_vma(struct page *page);
extern struct address_space *page_mapping(struct page *page);

extern struct address_space *__page_file_mapping(struct page *);

static inline
struct address_space *page_file_mapping(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
		return __page_file_mapping(page);

	return page->mapping;
}

/*
 * Return the pagecache index of the passed page.  Regular pagecache pages
 * use ->index whereas swapcache pages use ->private
 */
static inline pgoff_t page_index(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
		return page_private(page);
	return page->index;
}

extern pgoff_t __page_file_index(struct page *page);

/*
 * Return the file index of the page. Regular pagecache pages use ->index
 * whereas swapcache pages use swp_offset(->private)
 */
static inline pgoff_t page_file_index(struct page *page)
{
	if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
		return __page_file_index(page);

	return page->index;
}

bool page_mapped(struct page *page);

/*
 * Return true only if the page has been allocated with
 * ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS and the low watermark was not
 * met implying that the system is under some pressure.
 */
static inline bool page_is_pfmemalloc(struct page *page)
{
	/*
	 * Page index cannot be this large so this must be
	 * a pfmemalloc page.
	 */
	return page->index == -1UL;
}

/*
 * Only to be called by the page allocator on a freshly allocated
 * page.
 */
static inline void set_page_pfmemalloc(struct page *page)
{
	page->index = -1UL;
}

static inline void clear_page_pfmemalloc(struct page *page)
{
	page->index = 0;
}

/*
 * Different kinds of faults, as returned by handle_mm_fault().
 * Used to decide whether a process gets delivered SIGBUS or
 * just gets major/minor fault counters bumped up.
 */

#define VM_FAULT_OOM	0x0001
#define VM_FAULT_SIGBUS	0x0002
#define VM_FAULT_MAJOR	0x0004
#define VM_FAULT_WRITE	0x0008	/* Special case for get_user_pages */
#define VM_FAULT_HWPOISON 0x0010	/* Hit poisoned small page */
#define VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE 0x0020  /* Hit poisoned large page. Index encoded in upper bits */
#define VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV 0x0040

#define VM_FAULT_NOPAGE	0x0100	/* ->fault installed the pte, not return page */
#define VM_FAULT_LOCKED	0x0200	/* ->fault locked the returned page */
#define VM_FAULT_RETRY	0x0400	/* ->fault blocked, must retry */
#define VM_FAULT_FALLBACK 0x0800	/* huge page fault failed, fall back to small */
#define VM_FAULT_DAX_LOCKED 0x1000	/* ->fault has locked DAX entry */

#define VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE_MASK 0xf000 /* encodes hpage index for large hwpoison */

#define VM_FAULT_ERROR	(VM_FAULT_OOM | VM_FAULT_SIGBUS | VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV | \
			 VM_FAULT_HWPOISON | VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE | \
			 VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)

/* Encode hstate index for a hwpoisoned large page */
#define VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX(x) ((x) << 12)
#define VM_FAULT_GET_HINDEX(x) (((x) >> 12) & 0xf)

/*
 * Can be called by the pagefault handler when it gets a VM_FAULT_OOM.
 */
extern void pagefault_out_of_memory(void);

#define offset_in_page(p)	((unsigned long)(p) & ~PAGE_MASK)

/*
 * Flags passed to show_mem() and show_free_areas() to suppress output in
 * various contexts.
 */
#define SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES		(0x0001u)	/* disallowed nodes */

extern void show_free_areas(unsigned int flags);
extern bool skip_free_areas_node(unsigned int flags, int nid);

int shmem_zero_setup(struct vm_area_struct *);
#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
bool shmem_mapping(struct address_space *mapping);
#else
static inline bool shmem_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
{
	return false;
}
#endif

extern bool can_do_mlock(void);
extern int user_shm_lock(size_t, struct user_struct *);
extern void user_shm_unlock(size_t, struct user_struct *);

/*
 * Parameter block passed down to zap_pte_range in exceptional cases.
 */
struct zap_details {
	struct address_space *check_mapping;	/* Check page->mapping if set */
	pgoff_t	first_index;			/* Lowest page->index to unmap */
	pgoff_t last_index;			/* Highest page->index to unmap */
	bool ignore_dirty;			/* Ignore dirty pages */
	bool check_swap_entries;		/* Check also swap entries */
};

struct page *vm_normal_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
		pte_t pte);
struct page *vm_normal_page_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
				pmd_t pmd);

int zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
		unsigned long size);
void zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
		unsigned long size, struct zap_details *);
void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *start_vma,
		unsigned long start, unsigned long end);

/**
 * mm_walk - callbacks for walk_page_range
 * @pmd_entry: if set, called for each non-empty PMD (3rd-level) entry
 *	       this handler is required to be able to handle
 *	       pmd_trans_huge() pmds.  They may simply choose to
 *	       split_huge_page() instead of handling it explicitly.
 * @pte_entry: if set, called for each non-empty PTE (4th-level) entry
 * @pte_hole: if set, called for each hole at all levels
 * @hugetlb_entry: if set, called for each hugetlb entry
 * @test_walk: caller specific callback function to determine whether
 *             we walk over the current vma or not. A positive returned
 *             value means "do page table walk over the current vma,"
 *             and a negative one means "abort current page table walk
 *             right now." 0 means "skip the current vma."
 * @mm:        mm_struct representing the target process of page table walk
 * @vma:       vma currently walked (NULL if walking outside vmas)
 * @private:   private data for callbacks' usage
 *
 * (see the comment on walk_page_range() for more details)
 */
struct mm_walk {
	int (*pmd_entry)(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
			 unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk);
	int (*pte_entry)(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
			 unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk);
	int (*pte_hole)(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
			struct mm_walk *walk);
	int (*hugetlb_entry)(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
			     unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
			     struct mm_walk *walk);
	int (*test_walk)(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
			struct mm_walk *walk);
	struct mm_struct *mm;
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	void *private;
};

int walk_page_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
		struct mm_walk *walk);
int walk_page_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mm_walk *walk);
void free_pgd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, unsigned long addr,
		unsigned long end, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling);
int copy_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst, struct mm_struct *src,
			struct vm_area_struct *vma);
void unmap_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
		loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen, int even_cows);
int follow_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
	unsigned long *pfn);
int follow_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
		unsigned int flags, unsigned long *prot, resource_size_t *phys);
int generic_access_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
			void *buf, int len, int write);

static inline void unmap_shared_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
		loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen)
{
	unmap_mapping_range(mapping, holebegin, holelen, 0);
}

extern void truncate_pagecache(struct inode *inode, loff_t new);
extern void truncate_setsize(struct inode *inode, loff_t newsize);
void pagecache_isize_extended(struct inode *inode, loff_t from, loff_t to);
void truncate_pagecache_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t end);
int truncate_inode_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page);
int generic_error_remove_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page);
int invalidate_inode_page(struct page *page);

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
extern int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			unsigned long address, unsigned int flags);
extern int fixup_user_fault(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
			    unsigned long address, unsigned int fault_flags,
			    bool *unlocked);
#else
static inline int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm,
			struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
			unsigned int flags)
{
	/* should never happen if there's no MMU */
	BUG();
	return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
}
static inline int fixup_user_fault(struct task_struct *tsk,
		struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
		unsigned int fault_flags, bool *unlocked)
{
	/* should never happen if there's no MMU */
	BUG();
	return -EFAULT;
}
#endif

extern int access_process_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr, void *buf, int len, int write);
extern int access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
		void *buf, int len, int write);

long __get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
		      unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
		      unsigned int foll_flags, struct page **pages,
		      struct vm_area_struct **vmas, int *nonblocking);
long get_user_pages_remote(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
			    unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
			    int write, int force, struct page **pages,
			    struct vm_area_struct **vmas);
long get_user_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
			    int write, int force, struct page **pages,
			    struct vm_area_struct **vmas);
long get_user_pages_locked(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
		    int write, int force, struct page **pages, int *locked);
long __get_user_pages_unlocked(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
			       unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
			       int write, int force, struct page **pages,
			       unsigned int gup_flags);
long get_user_pages_unlocked(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
		    int write, int force, struct page **pages);
int get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
			struct page **pages);

/* Container for pinned pfns / pages */
struct frame_vector {
	unsigned int nr_allocated;	/* Number of frames we have space for */
	unsigned int nr_frames;	/* Number of frames stored in ptrs array */
	bool got_ref;		/* Did we pin pages by getting page ref? */
	bool is_pfns;		/* Does array contain pages or pfns? */
	void *ptrs[0];		/* Array of pinned pfns / pages. Use
				 * pfns_vector_pages() or pfns_vector_pfns()
				 * for access */
};

struct frame_vector *frame_vector_create(unsigned int nr_frames);
void frame_vector_destroy(struct frame_vector *vec);
int get_vaddr_frames(unsigned long start, unsigned int nr_pfns,
		     bool write, bool force, struct frame_vector *vec);
void put_vaddr_frames(struct frame_vector *vec);
int frame_vector_to_pages(struct frame_vector *vec);
void frame_vector_to_pfns(struct frame_vector *vec);

static inline unsigned int frame_vector_count(struct frame_vector *vec)
{
	return vec->nr_frames;
}

static inline struct page **frame_vector_pages(struct frame_vector *vec)
{
	if (vec->is_pfns) {
		int err = frame_vector_to_pages(vec);

		if (err)
			return ERR_PTR(err);
	}
	return (struct page **)(vec->ptrs);
}

static inline unsigned long *frame_vector_pfns(struct frame_vector *vec)
{
	if (!vec->is_pfns)
		frame_vector_to_pfns(vec);
	return (unsigned long *)(vec->ptrs);
}

struct kvec;
int get_kernel_pages(const struct kvec *iov, int nr_pages, int write,
			struct page **pages);
int get_kernel_page(unsigned long start, int write, struct page **pages);
struct page *get_dump_page(unsigned long addr);

extern int try_to_release_page(struct page * page, gfp_t gfp_mask);
extern void do_invalidatepage(struct page *page, unsigned int offset,
			      unsigned int length);

int __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(struct page *page);
int __set_page_dirty_no_writeback(struct page *page);
int redirty_page_for_writepage(struct writeback_control *wbc,
				struct page *page);
void account_page_dirtied(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping);
void account_page_cleaned(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping,
			  struct bdi_writeback *wb);
int set_page_dirty(struct page *page);
int set_page_dirty_lock(struct page *page);
void cancel_dirty_page(struct page *page);
int clear_page_dirty_for_io(struct page *page);

int get_cmdline(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer, int buflen);

/* Is the vma a continuation of the stack vma above it? */
static inline int vma_growsdown(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
	return vma && (vma->vm_end == addr) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN);
}

static inline bool vma_is_anonymous(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	return !vma->vm_ops;
}

static inline int stack_guard_page_start(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					     unsigned long addr)
{
	return (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN) &&
		(vma->vm_start == addr) &&
		!vma_growsdown(vma->vm_prev, addr);
}

/* Is the vma a continuation of the stack vma below it? */
static inline int vma_growsup(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
	return vma && (vma->vm_start == addr) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP);
}

static inline int stack_guard_page_end(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					   unsigned long addr)
{
	return (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP) &&
		(vma->vm_end == addr) &&
		!vma_growsup(vma->vm_next, addr);
}

int vma_is_stack_for_task(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct task_struct *t);

extern unsigned long move_page_tables(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		unsigned long old_addr, struct vm_area_struct *new_vma,
		unsigned long new_addr, unsigned long len,
		bool need_rmap_locks);
extern unsigned long change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
			      unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
			      int dirty_accountable, int prot_numa);
extern int mprotect_fixup(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			  struct vm_area_struct **pprev, unsigned long start,
			  unsigned long end, unsigned long newflags);

/*
 * doesn't attempt to fault and will return short.
 */
int __get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
			  struct page **pages);
/*
 * per-process(per-mm_struct) statistics.
 */
static inline unsigned long get_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
	long val = atomic_long_read(&mm->rss_stat.count[member]);

#ifdef SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING
	/*
	 * counter is updated in asynchronous manner and may go to minus.
	 * But it's never be expected number for users.
	 */
	if (val < 0)
		val = 0;
#endif
	return (unsigned long)val;
}

static inline void add_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member, long value)
{
	atomic_long_add(value, &mm->rss_stat.count[member]);
}

static inline void inc_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
	atomic_long_inc(&mm->rss_stat.count[member]);
}

static inline void dec_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
	atomic_long_dec(&mm->rss_stat.count[member]);
}

/* Optimized variant when page is already known not to be PageAnon */
static inline int mm_counter_file(struct page *page)
{
	if (PageSwapBacked(page))
		return MM_SHMEMPAGES;
	return MM_FILEPAGES;
}

static inline int mm_counter(struct page *page)
{
	if (PageAnon(page))
		return MM_ANONPAGES;
	return mm_counter_file(page);
}

static inline unsigned long get_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	return get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES) +
		get_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES) +
		get_mm_counter(mm, MM_SHMEMPAGES);
}

static inline unsigned long get_mm_hiwater_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	return max(mm->hiwater_rss, get_mm_rss(mm));
}

static inline unsigned long get_mm_hiwater_vm(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	return max(mm->hiwater_vm, mm->total_vm);
}

static inline void update_hiwater_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	unsigned long _rss = get_mm_rss(mm);

	if ((mm)->hiwater_rss < _rss)
		(mm)->hiwater_rss = _rss;
}

static inline void update_hiwater_vm(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	if (mm->hiwater_vm < mm->total_vm)
		mm->hiwater_vm = mm->total_vm;
}

static inline void reset_mm_hiwater_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	mm->hiwater_rss = get_mm_rss(mm);
}

static inline void setmax_mm_hiwater_rss(unsigned long *maxrss,
					 struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	unsigned long hiwater_rss = get_mm_hiwater_rss(mm);

	if (*maxrss < hiwater_rss)
		*maxrss = hiwater_rss;
}

#if defined(SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING)
void sync_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm);
#else
static inline void sync_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
}
#endif

#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_DEVMAP
static inline int pte_devmap(pte_t pte)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

int vma_wants_writenotify(struct vm_area_struct *vma);

extern pte_t *__get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
			       spinlock_t **ptl);
static inline pte_t *get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
				    spinlock_t **ptl)
{
	pte_t *ptep;
	__cond_lock(*ptl, ptep = __get_locked_pte(mm, addr, ptl));
	return ptep;
}

#ifdef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
static inline int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
						unsigned long address)
{
	return 0;
}
#else
int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address);
#endif

#if defined(__PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED) || !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
static inline int __pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud,
						unsigned long address)
{
	return 0;
}

static inline void mm_nr_pmds_init(struct mm_struct *mm) {}

static inline unsigned long mm_nr_pmds(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	return 0;
}

static inline void mm_inc_nr_pmds(struct mm_struct *mm) {}
static inline void mm_dec_nr_pmds(struct mm_struct *mm) {}

#else
int __pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address);

static inline void mm_nr_pmds_init(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	atomic_long_set(&mm->nr_pmds, 0);
}

static inline unsigned long mm_nr_pmds(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	return atomic_long_read(&mm->nr_pmds);
}

static inline void mm_inc_nr_pmds(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	atomic_long_inc(&mm->nr_pmds);
}

static inline void mm_dec_nr_pmds(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	atomic_long_dec(&mm->nr_pmds);
}
#endif

int __pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address);
int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address);

/*
 * The following ifdef needed to get the 4level-fixup.h header to work.
 * Remove it when 4level-fixup.h has been removed.
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && !defined(__ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK)
static inline pud_t *pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
{
	return (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgd)) && __pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address))?
		NULL: pud_offset(pgd, address);
}

static inline pmd_t *pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)
{
	return (unlikely(pud_none(*pud)) && __pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address))?
		NULL: pmd_offset(pud, address);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU && !__ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK */

#if USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS
#if ALLOC_SPLIT_PTLOCKS
void __init ptlock_cache_init(void);
extern bool ptlock_alloc(struct page *page);
extern void ptlock_free(struct page *page);

static inline spinlock_t *ptlock_ptr(struct page *page)
{
	return page->ptl;
}
#else /* ALLOC_SPLIT_PTLOCKS */
static inline void ptlock_cache_init(void)
{
}

static inline bool ptlock_alloc(struct page *page)
{
	return true;
}

static inline void ptlock_free(struct page *page)
{
}

static inline spinlock_t *ptlock_ptr(struct page *page)
{
	return &page->ptl;
}
#endif /* ALLOC_SPLIT_PTLOCKS */

static inline spinlock_t *pte_lockptr(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
	return ptlock_ptr(pmd_page(*pmd));
}

static inline bool ptlock_init(struct page *page)
{
	/*
	 * prep_new_page() initialize page->private (and therefore page->ptl)
	 * with 0. Make sure nobody took it in use in between.
	 *
	 * It can happen if arch try to use slab for page table allocation:
	 * slab code uses page->slab_cache, which share storage with page->ptl.
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(*(unsigned long *)&page->ptl, page);
	if (!ptlock_alloc(page))
		return false;
	spin_lock_init(ptlock_ptr(page));
	return true;
}

/* Reset page->mapping so free_pages_check won't complain. */
static inline void pte_lock_deinit(struct page *page)
{
	page->mapping = NULL;
	ptlock_free(page);
}

#else	/* !USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS */
/*
 * We use mm->page_table_lock to guard all pagetable pages of the mm.
 */
static inline spinlock_t *pte_lockptr(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
	return &mm->page_table_lock;
}
static inline void ptlock_cache_init(void) {}
static inline bool ptlock_init(struct page *page) { return true; }
static inline void pte_lock_deinit(struct page *page) {}
#endif /* USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS */

static inline void pgtable_init(void)
{
	ptlock_cache_init();
	pgtable_cache_init();
}

static inline bool pgtable_page_ctor(struct page *page)
{
	if (!ptlock_init(page))
		return false;
	inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_PAGETABLE);
	return true;
}

static inline void pgtable_page_dtor(struct page *page)
{
	pte_lock_deinit(page);
	dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_PAGETABLE);
}

#define pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp)	\
({							\
	spinlock_t *__ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd);	\
	pte_t *__pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);	\
	*(ptlp) = __ptl;				\
	spin_lock(__ptl);				\
	__pte;						\
})

#define pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl)	do {		\
	spin_unlock(ptl);				\
	pte_unmap(pte);					\
} while (0)

#define pte_alloc(mm, pmd, address)			\
	(unlikely(pmd_none(*(pmd))) && __pte_alloc(mm, pmd, address))

#define pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, address)			\
	(pte_alloc(mm, pmd, address) ? NULL : pte_offset_map(pmd, address))

#define pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp)	\
	(pte_alloc(mm, pmd, address) ?			\
		 NULL : pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp))

#define pte_alloc_kernel(pmd, address)			\
	((unlikely(pmd_none(*(pmd))) && __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd, address))? \
		NULL: pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address))

#if USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS

static struct page *pmd_to_page(pmd_t *pmd)
{
	unsigned long mask = ~(PTRS_PER_PMD * sizeof(pmd_t) - 1);
	return virt_to_page((void *)((unsigned long) pmd & mask));
}

static inline spinlock_t *pmd_lockptr(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
	return ptlock_ptr(pmd_to_page(pmd));
}

static inline bool pgtable_pmd_page_ctor(struct page *page)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	page->pmd_huge_pte = NULL;
#endif
	return ptlock_init(page);
}

static inline void pgtable_pmd_page_dtor(struct page *page)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page->pmd_huge_pte, page);
#endif
	ptlock_free(page);
}

#define pmd_huge_pte(mm, pmd) (pmd_to_page(pmd)->pmd_huge_pte)

#else

static inline spinlock_t *pmd_lockptr(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
	return &mm->page_table_lock;
}

static inline bool pgtable_pmd_page_ctor(struct page *page) { return true; }
static inline void pgtable_pmd_page_dtor(struct page *page) {}

#define pmd_huge_pte(mm, pmd) ((mm)->pmd_huge_pte)

#endif

static inline spinlock_t *pmd_lock(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
	spinlock_t *ptl = pmd_lockptr(mm, pmd);
	spin_lock(ptl);
	return ptl;
}

extern void free_area_init(unsigned long * zones_size);
extern void free_area_init_node(int nid, unsigned long * zones_size,
		unsigned long zone_start_pfn, unsigned long *zholes_size);
extern void free_initmem(void);

/*
 * Free reserved pages within range [PAGE_ALIGN(start), end & PAGE_MASK)
 * into the buddy system. The freed pages will be poisoned with pattern
 * "poison" if it's within range [0, UCHAR_MAX].
 * Return pages freed into the buddy system.
 */
extern unsigned long free_reserved_area(void *start, void *end,
					int poison, char *s);

#ifdef	CONFIG_HIGHMEM
/*
 * Free a highmem page into the buddy system, adjusting totalhigh_pages
 * and totalram_pages.
 */
extern void free_highmem_page(struct page *page);
#endif

extern void adjust_managed_page_count(struct page *page, long count);
extern void mem_init_print_info(const char *str);

extern void reserve_bootmem_region(phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end);

/* Free the reserved page into the buddy system, so it gets managed. */
static inline void __free_reserved_page(struct page *page)
{
	ClearPageReserved(page);
	init_page_count(page);
	__free_page(page);
}

static inline void free_reserved_page(struct page *page)
{
	__free_reserved_page(page);
	adjust_managed_page_count(page, 1);
}

static inline void mark_page_reserved(struct page *page)
{
	SetPageReserved(page);
	adjust_managed_page_count(page, -1);
}

/*
 * Default method to free all the __init memory into the buddy system.
 * The freed pages will be poisoned with pattern "poison" if it's within
 * range [0, UCHAR_MAX].
 * Return pages freed into the buddy system.
 */
static inline unsigned long free_initmem_default(int poison)
{
	extern char __init_begin[], __init_end[];

	return free_reserved_area(&__init_begin, &__init_end,
				  poison, "unused kernel");
}

static inline unsigned long get_num_physpages(void)
{
	int nid;
	unsigned long phys_pages = 0;

	for_each_online_node(nid)
		phys_pages += node_present_pages(nid);

	return phys_pages;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
/*
 * With CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP set, an architecture may initialise its
 * zones, allocate the backing mem_map and account for memory holes in a more
 * architecture independent manner. This is a substitute for creating the
 * zone_sizes[] and zholes_size[] arrays and passing them to
 * free_area_init_node()
 *
 * An architecture is expected to register range of page frames backed by
 * physical memory with memblock_add[_node]() before calling
 * free_area_init_nodes() passing in the PFN each zone ends at. At a basic
 * usage, an architecture is expected to do something like
 *
 * unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {max_dma, max_normal_pfn,
 * 							 max_highmem_pfn};
 * for_each_valid_physical_page_range()
 * 	memblock_add_node(base, size, nid)
 * free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
 *
 * free_bootmem_with_active_regions() calls free_bootmem_node() for each
 * registered physical page range.  Similarly
 * sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions() calls memory_present() for
 * each range when SPARSEMEM is enabled.
 *
 * See mm/page_alloc.c for more information on each function exposed by
 * CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP.
 */
extern void free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn);
unsigned long node_map_pfn_alignment(void);
unsigned long __absent_pages_in_range(int nid, unsigned long start_pfn,
						unsigned long end_pfn);
extern unsigned long absent_pages_in_range(unsigned long start_pfn,
						unsigned long end_pfn);
extern void get_pfn_range_for_nid(unsigned int nid,
			unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn);
extern unsigned long find_min_pfn_with_active_regions(void);
extern void free_bootmem_with_active_regions(int nid,
						unsigned long max_low_pfn);
extern void sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(int nid);

#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */

#if !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP) && \
    !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID)
static inline int __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn,
					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state)
{
	return 0;
}
#else
/* please see mm/page_alloc.c */
extern int __meminit early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn);
/* there is a per-arch backend function. */
extern int __meminit __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn,
					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state);
#endif

extern void set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve);
extern void memmap_init_zone(unsigned long, int, unsigned long,
				unsigned long, enum memmap_context);
extern void setup_per_zone_wmarks(void);
extern int __meminit init_per_zone_wmark_min(void);
extern void mem_init(void);
extern void __init mmap_init(void);
extern void show_mem(unsigned int flags);
extern long si_mem_available(void);
extern void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo * val);
extern void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid);

extern __printf(3, 4)
void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
		const char *fmt, ...);

extern void setup_per_cpu_pageset(void);

extern void zone_pcp_update(struct zone *zone);
extern void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone);

/* page_alloc.c */
extern int min_free_kbytes;
extern int watermark_scale_factor;

/* nommu.c */
extern atomic_long_t mmap_pages_allocated;
extern int nommu_shrink_inode_mappings(struct inode *, size_t, size_t);

/* interval_tree.c */
void vma_interval_tree_insert(struct vm_area_struct *node,
			      struct rb_root *root);
void vma_interval_tree_insert_after(struct vm_area_struct *node,
				    struct vm_area_struct *prev,
				    struct rb_root *root);
void vma_interval_tree_remove(struct vm_area_struct *node,
			      struct rb_root *root);
struct vm_area_struct *vma_interval_tree_iter_first(struct rb_root *root,
				unsigned long start, unsigned long last);
struct vm_area_struct *vma_interval_tree_iter_next(struct vm_area_struct *node,
				unsigned long start, unsigned long last);

#define vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, root, start, last)		\
	for (vma = vma_interval_tree_iter_first(root, start, last);	\
	     vma; vma = vma_interval_tree_iter_next(vma, start, last))

void anon_vma_interval_tree_insert(struct anon_vma_chain *node,
				   struct rb_root *root);
void anon_vma_interval_tree_remove(struct anon_vma_chain *node,
				   struct rb_root *root);
struct anon_vma_chain *anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first(
	struct rb_root *root, unsigned long start, unsigned long last);
struct anon_vma_chain *anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_next(
	struct anon_vma_chain *node, unsigned long start, unsigned long last);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB
void anon_vma_interval_tree_verify(struct anon_vma_chain *node);
#endif

#define anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach(avc, root, start, last)		 \
	for (avc = anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first(root, start, last); \
	     avc; avc = anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_next(avc, start, last))

/* mmap.c */
extern int __vm_enough_memory(struct mm_struct *mm, long pages, int cap_sys_admin);
extern int vma_adjust(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
	unsigned long end, pgoff_t pgoff, struct vm_area_struct *insert);
extern struct vm_area_struct *vma_merge(struct mm_struct *,
	struct vm_area_struct *prev, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
	unsigned long vm_flags, struct anon_vma *, struct file *, pgoff_t,
	struct mempolicy *, struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx);
extern struct anon_vma *find_mergeable_anon_vma(struct vm_area_struct *);
extern int split_vma(struct mm_struct *,
	struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long addr, int new_below);
extern int insert_vm_struct(struct mm_struct *, struct vm_area_struct *);
extern void __vma_link_rb(struct mm_struct *, struct vm_area_struct *,
	struct rb_node **, struct rb_node *);
extern void unlink_file_vma(struct vm_area_struct *);
extern struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **,
	unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, pgoff_t pgoff,
	bool *need_rmap_locks);
extern void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *);

static inline int check_data_rlimit(unsigned long rlim,
				    unsigned long new,
				    unsigned long start,
				    unsigned long end_data,
				    unsigned long start_data)
{
	if (rlim < RLIM_INFINITY) {
		if (((new - start) + (end_data - start_data)) > rlim)
			return -ENOSPC;
	}

	return 0;
}

extern int mm_take_all_locks(struct mm_struct *mm);
extern void mm_drop_all_locks(struct mm_struct *mm);

extern void set_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm, struct file *new_exe_file);
extern struct file *get_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm);

extern bool may_expand_vm(struct mm_struct *, vm_flags_t, unsigned long npages);
extern void vm_stat_account(struct mm_struct *, vm_flags_t, long npages);

extern struct vm_area_struct *_install_special_mapping(struct mm_struct *mm,
				   unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
				   unsigned long flags,
				   const struct vm_special_mapping *spec);
/* This is an obsolete alternative to _install_special_mapping. */
extern int install_special_mapping(struct mm_struct *mm,
				   unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
				   unsigned long flags, struct page **pages);

extern unsigned long get_unmapped_area(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);

extern unsigned long mmap_region(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
	unsigned long len, vm_flags_t vm_flags, unsigned long pgoff);
extern unsigned long do_mmap(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
	unsigned long len, unsigned long prot, unsigned long flags,
	vm_flags_t vm_flags, unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long *populate);
extern int do_munmap(struct mm_struct *, unsigned long, size_t);

static inline unsigned long
do_mmap_pgoff(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
	unsigned long len, unsigned long prot, unsigned long flags,
	unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long *populate)
{
	return do_mmap(file, addr, len, prot, flags, 0, pgoff, populate);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
extern int __mm_populate(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
			 int ignore_errors);
static inline void mm_populate(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len)
{
	/* Ignore errors */
	(void) __mm_populate(addr, len, 1);
}
#else
static inline void mm_populate(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len) {}
#endif

/* These take the mm semaphore themselves */
extern int __must_check vm_brk(unsigned long, unsigned long);
extern int vm_munmap(unsigned long, size_t);
extern unsigned long __must_check vm_mmap(struct file *, unsigned long,
        unsigned long, unsigned long,
        unsigned long, unsigned long);

struct vm_unmapped_area_info {
#define VM_UNMAPPED_AREA_TOPDOWN 1
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long length;
	unsigned long low_limit;
	unsigned long high_limit;
	unsigned long align_mask;
	unsigned long align_offset;
};

extern unsigned long unmapped_area(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info);
extern unsigned long unmapped_area_topdown(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info);

/*
 * Search for an unmapped address range.
 *
 * We are looking for a range that:
 * - does not intersect with any VMA;
 * - is contained within the [low_limit, high_limit) interval;
 * - is at least the desired size.
 * - satisfies (begin_addr & align_mask) == (align_offset & align_mask)
 */
static inline unsigned long
vm_unmapped_area(struct vm_unmapped_area_info *info)
{
	if (info->flags & VM_UNMAPPED_AREA_TOPDOWN)
		return unmapped_area_topdown(info);
	else
		return unmapped_area(info);
}

/* truncate.c */
extern void truncate_inode_pages(struct address_space *, loff_t);
extern void truncate_inode_pages_range(struct address_space *,
				       loff_t lstart, loff_t lend);
extern void truncate_inode_pages_final(struct address_space *);

/* generic vm_area_ops exported for stackable file systems */
extern int filemap_fault(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *);
extern void filemap_map_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);
extern int filemap_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

/* mm/page-writeback.c */
int write_one_page(struct page *page, int wait);
void task_dirty_inc(struct task_struct *tsk);

/* readahead.c */
#define VM_MAX_READAHEAD	128	/* kbytes */
#define VM_MIN_READAHEAD	16	/* kbytes (includes current page) */

int force_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
			pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read);

void page_cache_sync_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
			       struct file_ra_state *ra,
			       struct file *filp,
			       pgoff_t offset,
			       unsigned long size);

void page_cache_async_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
				struct file_ra_state *ra,
				struct file *filp,
				struct page *pg,
				pgoff_t offset,
				unsigned long size);

/* Generic expand stack which grows the stack according to GROWS{UP,DOWN} */
extern int expand_stack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address);

/* CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP still needs to to grow downwards at some places */
extern int expand_downwards(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		unsigned long address);
#if VM_GROWSUP
extern int expand_upwards(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address);
#else
  #define expand_upwards(vma, address) (0)
#endif

/* Look up the first VMA which satisfies  addr < vm_end,  NULL if none. */
extern struct vm_area_struct * find_vma(struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long addr);
extern struct vm_area_struct * find_vma_prev(struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long addr,
					     struct vm_area_struct **pprev);

/* Look up the first VMA which intersects the interval start_addr..end_addr-1,
   NULL if none.  Assume start_addr < end_addr. */
static inline struct vm_area_struct * find_vma_intersection(struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long end_addr)
{
	struct vm_area_struct * vma = find_vma(mm,start_addr);

	if (vma && end_addr <= vma->vm_start)
		vma = NULL;
	return vma;
}

static inline unsigned long vma_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	return (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}

/* Look up the first VMA which exactly match the interval vm_start ... vm_end */
static inline struct vm_area_struct *find_exact_vma(struct mm_struct *mm,
				unsigned long vm_start, unsigned long vm_end)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = find_vma(mm, vm_start);

	if (vma && (vma->vm_start != vm_start || vma->vm_end != vm_end))
		vma = NULL;

	return vma;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
pgprot_t vm_get_page_prot(unsigned long vm_flags);
void vma_set_page_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
#else
static inline pgprot_t vm_get_page_prot(unsigned long vm_flags)
{
	return __pgprot(0);
}
static inline void vma_set_page_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	vma->vm_page_prot = vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags);
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
unsigned long change_prot_numa(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
#endif

struct vm_area_struct *find_extend_vma(struct mm_struct *, unsigned long addr);
int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long addr,
			unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t);
int vm_insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long addr, struct page *);
int vm_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
			unsigned long pfn);
int vm_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
			unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot);
int vm_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
			pfn_t pfn);
int vm_iomap_memory(struct vm_area_struct *vma, phys_addr_t start, unsigned long len);

struct page *follow_page_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			      unsigned long address, unsigned int foll_flags,
			      unsigned int *page_mask);

static inline struct page *follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		unsigned long address, unsigned int foll_flags)
{
	unsigned int unused_page_mask;
	return follow_page_mask(vma, address, foll_flags, &unused_page_mask);
}

#define FOLL_WRITE	0x01	/* check pte is writable */
#define FOLL_TOUCH	0x02	/* mark page accessed */
#define FOLL_GET	0x04	/* do get_page on page */
#define FOLL_DUMP	0x08	/* give error on hole if it would be zero */
#define FOLL_FORCE	0x10	/* get_user_pages read/write w/o permission */
#define FOLL_NOWAIT	0x20	/* if a disk transfer is needed, start the IO
				 * and return without waiting upon it */
#define FOLL_POPULATE	0x40	/* fault in page */
#define FOLL_SPLIT	0x80	/* don't return transhuge pages, split them */
#define FOLL_HWPOISON	0x100	/* check page is hwpoisoned */
#define FOLL_NUMA	0x200	/* force NUMA hinting page fault */
#define FOLL_MIGRATION	0x400	/* wait for page to replace migration entry */
#define FOLL_TRIED	0x800	/* a retry, previous pass started an IO */
#define FOLL_MLOCK	0x1000	/* lock present pages */
#define FOLL_REMOTE	0x2000	/* we are working on non-current tsk/mm */

typedef int (*pte_fn_t)(pte_t *pte, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr,
			void *data);
extern int apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
			       unsigned long size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data);

#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING
extern bool page_poisoning_enabled(void);
extern void kernel_poison_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable);
extern bool page_is_poisoned(struct page *page);
#else
static inline bool page_poisoning_enabled(void) { return false; }
static inline void kernel_poison_pages(struct page *page, int numpages,
					int enable) { }
static inline bool page_is_poisoned(struct page *page) { return false; }
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
extern bool _debug_pagealloc_enabled;
extern void __kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable);

static inline bool debug_pagealloc_enabled(void)
{
	return _debug_pagealloc_enabled;
}

static inline void
kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable)
{
	if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled())
		return;

	__kernel_map_pages(page, numpages, enable);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
extern bool kernel_page_present(struct page *page);
#endif	/* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
#else	/* CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC */
static inline void
kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable) {}
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
static inline bool kernel_page_present(struct page *page) { return true; }
#endif	/* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
static inline bool debug_pagealloc_enabled(void)
{
	return false;
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC */

#ifdef __HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA
extern struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct mm_struct *mm);
extern int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr);
extern int in_gate_area(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr);
#else
static inline struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	return NULL;
}
static inline int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr) { return 0; }
static inline int in_gate_area(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif	/* __HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA */

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
extern int sysctl_drop_caches;
int drop_caches_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
					void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
#endif

void drop_slab(void);
void drop_slab_node(int nid);

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
#define randomize_va_space 0
#else
extern int randomize_va_space;
#endif

const char * arch_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long rip);

void sparse_mem_maps_populate_node(struct page **map_map,
				   unsigned long pnum_begin,
				   unsigned long pnum_end,
				   unsigned long map_count,
				   int nodeid);

struct page *sparse_mem_map_populate(unsigned long pnum, int nid);
pgd_t *vmemmap_pgd_populate(unsigned long addr, int node);
pud_t *vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node);
pmd_t *vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, int node);
pte_t *vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, int node);
void *vmemmap_alloc_block(unsigned long size, int node);
struct vmem_altmap;
void *__vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(unsigned long size, int node,
		struct vmem_altmap *altmap);
static inline void *vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(unsigned long size, int node)
{
	return __vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(size, node, NULL);
}

void vmemmap_verify(pte_t *, int, unsigned long, unsigned long);
int vmemmap_populate_basepages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
			       int node);
int vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node);
void vmemmap_populate_print_last(void);
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
void vmemmap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
#endif
void register_page_bootmem_memmap(unsigned long section_nr, struct page *map,
				  unsigned long size);

enum mf_flags {
	MF_COUNT_INCREASED = 1 << 0,
	MF_ACTION_REQUIRED = 1 << 1,
	MF_MUST_KILL = 1 << 2,
	MF_SOFT_OFFLINE = 1 << 3,
};
extern int memory_failure(unsigned long pfn, int trapno, int flags);
extern void memory_failure_queue(unsigned long pfn, int trapno, int flags);
extern int unpoison_memory(unsigned long pfn);
extern int get_hwpoison_page(struct page *page);
#define put_hwpoison_page(page)	put_page(page)
extern int sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill;
extern int sysctl_memory_failure_recovery;
extern void shake_page(struct page *p, int access);
extern atomic_long_t num_poisoned_pages;
extern int soft_offline_page(struct page *page, int flags);

/*
 * Error handlers for various types of pages.
 */
enum mf_result {
	MF_IGNORED,	/* Error: cannot be handled */
	MF_FAILED,	/* Error: handling failed */
	MF_DELAYED,	/* Will be handled later */
	MF_RECOVERED,	/* Successfully recovered */
};

enum mf_action_page_type {
	MF_MSG_KERNEL,
	MF_MSG_KERNEL_HIGH_ORDER,
	MF_MSG_SLAB,
	MF_MSG_DIFFERENT_COMPOUND,
	MF_MSG_POISONED_HUGE,
	MF_MSG_HUGE,
	MF_MSG_FREE_HUGE,
	MF_MSG_UNMAP_FAILED,
	MF_MSG_DIRTY_SWAPCACHE,
	MF_MSG_CLEAN_SWAPCACHE,
	MF_MSG_DIRTY_MLOCKED_LRU,
	MF_MSG_CLEAN_MLOCKED_LRU,
	MF_MSG_DIRTY_UNEVICTABLE_LRU,
	MF_MSG_CLEAN_UNEVICTABLE_LRU,
	MF_MSG_DIRTY_LRU,
	MF_MSG_CLEAN_LRU,
	MF_MSG_TRUNCATED_LRU,
	MF_MSG_BUDDY,
	MF_MSG_BUDDY_2ND,
	MF_MSG_UNKNOWN,
};

#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS)
extern void clear_huge_page(struct page *page,
			    unsigned long addr,
			    unsigned int pages_per_huge_page);
extern void copy_user_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src,
				unsigned long addr, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
				unsigned int pages_per_huge_page);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || CONFIG_HUGETLBFS */

extern struct page_ext_operations debug_guardpage_ops;
extern struct page_ext_operations page_poisoning_ops;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
extern unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder;
extern bool _debug_guardpage_enabled;

static inline unsigned int debug_guardpage_minorder(void)
{
	return _debug_guardpage_minorder;
}

static inline bool debug_guardpage_enabled(void)
{
	return _debug_guardpage_enabled;
}

static inline bool page_is_guard(struct page *page)
{
	struct page_ext *page_ext;

	if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
		return false;

	page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
	if (unlikely(!page_ext))
		return false;

	return test_bit(PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD, &page_ext->flags);
}
#else
static inline unsigned int debug_guardpage_minorder(void) { return 0; }
static inline bool debug_guardpage_enabled(void) { return false; }
static inline bool page_is_guard(struct page *page) { return false; }
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC */

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
void __init setup_nr_node_ids(void);
#else
static inline void setup_nr_node_ids(void) {}
#endif

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
#endif /* _LINUX_MM_H */


As construction continues on the new North Alabama Medical Center (NAMC) hospital campus in Florence, RCCH Healthcare Partners and Rendina Healthcare Real Estate have broken ground on a nearly 72,000 square foot medical office building (MOB) that will be attached to the new hospital.
The MOB will house complementary services to those offered in the new 263-bed medical center, which will replace Eliza Coffee Memorial Hospital by the end of 2018. NAMC and North Alabama Bone & Joint Clinic (NABJC) – a leading orthopaedic group serving communities in Northern Alabama, Southern Tennessee, and Northeastern Mississippi – will anchor the office building.
NABJC's orthopaedic surgeons, rehabilitation specialists and physical therapists will offer services including adult reconstructive surgery, sports medicine, hand and foot surgery, pediatrics, and fracture care. NAMC lab and imaging functions will also be in the MOB, along with obstetrics, gynecology and cardiology physician offices.
"This outpatient medical office building will be an important addition to our new hospital and will provide a convenient location for patients to visit their physician or obtain services," said Russell Pigg, Chief Executive Officer of NAMC.
Rendina, a full-service developer of healthcare real estate headquartered in Jupiter, Fla., will own and manage the new medical office building.
During the initial construction phase of the new campus, physicians, nurses and hospital leaders were able to get a sneak peek of their future space through virtual reality tours setup by the project contractor, Layton Construction. Being virtually immersed in the space allowed hospital staff to recognize potential issues and make the appropriate design changes, ensuring the final product would optimize efficiency and patient flow.
RCCH continues to celebrate milestones during the construction process, including a topping out ceremony in July 2017, commemorating the placement of the highest steel beam which was signed by more than 2,000 people including board members, medical staff, construction crew members, and community leaders. Once completed, the hospital will centralize care in the community of Florence, providing a local option for patients seeking state-of-the-art, comprehensive treatment.
Rendina anticipates that the MOB opening will coincide with completion of the new hospital in late 2018.
RCCH Healthcare Partners is headquartered in Brentwood, Tennessee. With 16 health systems in 12 states, they employ more than 14,000 people, including 2,000 physicians. Last year RCCH generated $1.7 billion in revenue across their locations in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Iowa, Montana, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, and Washington.


text:
The Faces of Korean Beauty
January 29, 2013 by AshleyH
Decades ago, the image of a typical Korean woman was very different from the doll-like faces plastered across cosmetics advertisements and popular Korean dramas1. But as Korean the economy prospered and a voracious appetite for Korean pop culture spread across the globe2, the faces of Korean celebrities grew to be admired by many women. These faces—all shaped delicately into an oval with porcelain skin, huge double-lidded eyes and high, well-defined noses and cheekbones— became the defining image of "Korean beauty." Underneath many of those "perfect" faces, however, were slabs of silicon and healed stitches, careful work done by the burgeoning skilled plastic surgeons in Korea. According to a 2005 statistic, the membership at the Korean Society of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery has increased 85% since 20003. What does it mean that these altered faces are the leading role models for beauty among Korean women, and is media to blame for the plastic surgery culture? How does this culture play into influencing Koreans with cross-cultural backgrounds? Why has plastic surgery become such an accepted phenomenon in Korea? Finally, what can we do about this?
To address these questions, I talked to five Korean women, all with varying cultural experiences to provide different points of view and perceptions. I firmly believe that the issue of beauty is best discussed as a narrative phenomenon because beauty, like selfhood, is deeply individual and unique. I chose cross-cultural Korean women as my subjects to shed a deeper understanding into the cultural effects of plastic surgery by providing a distinct issue to compare and contrast through their own words. Beauty is a complicated issue in which it becomes too easy to fall back into stereotypes projected by media and personal bias. In an effort not to lump all Korean women into one body, I spent hours interviewing each of these women, hoping to gain comprehensive insight. All interviews were conducted and recorded via Skype, and the language used was a mixture of Korean and English. The interviews were then transcribed and edited into a more readable, chronological format with a narrative style including direct quotes. The following is the story of Chloe Lee, Joanna Li, Clara Lee, Annie Shin and Esther Suh.
Chloe Lee4
Chloe's parents divorced when she was four. When she was five, she moved to Singapore to live with her uncle and his family. She lived with them for twelve years, three of which were spent in Virginia, U.S.A. At 16, Chloe moved back to Cheonju, Korea to live with her father. She attended a public secondary school but dropped out a few months later because she "could not adjust to the Korean education and environment there." After a couple years of independent study, she took the University Entrance Exam and was accepted to the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. She is currently studying Chinese and International Studies in Weihaiwei, Shandong, China.
At 5'1, with small almond-shaped single-lidded eyes, a button nose and full lips, Chloe describes herself as having traditional Korean features. However, compared to other 21-year-old women in Korea, Chloe's bohemian fashion style is distinctly different. Her eyes are penciled dark, her earrings are large and dangly, her arms are covered with bangles, and her clothing may be considered too tight and too revealing to people with more conservative values. Chloe always felt like "the chubby one." Her cousins teased her and nicknamed her "돼지" ("pig" in Korean). Growing up with her cousins who looked different from her, Chloe became conscious of the way she looked and weighed. "I guess I just never felt like I fit in, because my two cousins were both tall and lanky," Chloe said. This consciousness grew stronger during elementary school, where the P.E. teacher weighed the class publicly. Chloe also mentioned that she had always been very conscious of the "male gaze," a feminist concept about how women are socially subject to self-consciousness5: "At the time I didn't really think too deeply about it. I just thought it was the way it was. I never really thought it was because I was a female." However, the effect of her appearance always weighed heavily in her mind.
After Chloe moved to Seoul when she was eighteen to attend university, she awakened to the fact that she is a female and began to gain her own sense of beauty, even though it was when she moved to Seoul that she was most bombarded by messages of "plastic Korean beauty." All around her, she saw the "Seoul women" dress and act the same. Chloe called it the "ultra feminine" style, which she described simply as "very feminine, fragile and demure." Instead of conforming to this style, Chloe found herself rejecting it and wanting to rebel against such norms. "I just didn't feel like it was my kind of style," Chloe said. "The way they dressed, the shoes they wore…it just kind of repulsed me. I guess I do my own thing now because I was trying to fight that kind of feminine style." However, Chloe has few issues against plastic surgery; in fact, she does not particularly consider it to be an issue and paused several times before responding to my questions about her views on plastic surgery. When asked if she would ever consider plastic surgery for herself, Chloe had a definite answer: "I would never let a knife touch my face." She paused, then rephrased: "I would not do plastic surgery now. But in a few years time…well I don't think I'd do anything on my face, but if I were to fix something about myself, I would maybe allow body work like liposuction." Here, Chloe made a distinction between the plastic surgery culture in Korea and America. She defended her fellow Korean women by pointing out that many American women get surgery too, like Botox. "A breast job in America is nothing," Chloe said, "so I don't get why [Westerners] make such a big fuss over Koreans doing surgery on their eyes. It just seems kind of hypocritical to me." The only difference between Korean and American plastic surgery, according to Chloe, was that Koreans care more about the face, while Americans care more about their body.
Chloe then turned her tirade against foreign media and the foreigner's gaze towards Koreans. She said many of her international friends, particularly dark-skinned friends such as blacks and Sri Lankans, condemned the popular whitening skin products in Korea as "skin bleaching" products. She mentioned a case made by a foreigner living in Korea who filed a lawsuit against using the word "peach" to describe "살색," because '살' (skin) should refer to all colors6. Chloe said she found the condemnation uncalled for; her defense for Koreans was that, historically, as a racially homogenous country, Korea is simply still in the process of learning to be sensitive in multicultural contexts.
But even while defending her fellow countrywomen,
AshleyH

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


⁃ 1 John 1:1-3: What was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we have looked at and touched with our hands, concerning the Word of Life and the life was manifested, and we have seen and testify and proclaim to you the eternal life, which was with the Father and was manifested to us — what we have seen and heard we proclaim to you also, so that you too may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father, and with His Son Jesus Christ.
⁃ Genesis 4:4-7: Sin of Cain.
⁃ 1 Samuel 24:5: David had a sensitive conscience.
⁃ Songs of Solomon 2:8: Voice of the bridegroom was clear to the bride and she was excited.
⁃ John 12:6: Judas pilfered from the money box.
⁃ Hebrews 10:1-3: There is a reminder of sins year by year in the old covenant.
– Hebrews 10:17: "And their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember no more." – There is no remembrance of sin confessed and cleansed in the blood of Jesus in the new covenant.
⁃ Hebrews 9:13,14: For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled sanctify for the cleansing of the flesh, how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
⁃ Revelation 3:17,18: Having a true examination of our lives from Jesus.
⁃ Matthew 5:23,24: Forgiving your brother first.
⁃ Ephesians 4:26: Be angry, and yet do not sin; do not let the sun go down on your anger, and do not give the devil an opportunity.
⁃ Matthew 5:22: Seriousness of holding anger with my brother.
⁃ Genesis 1: God separated darkness and light.
⁃ God loves sincerity and he will bring everyone to be in favor with you when you are sincere.


text:
Summer 2000 - Page 1
Lt. Owen Keeler on D-Day
Lt. Owen Floyd Keeler served as Executive Officer of the USS Champlin from July 1, 1945 to March 18, 1946. Prior to coming aboard the USS Champlin he served as Gunnery Officer aboard the USS Frankford. The following can be found in Stephen E. Ambrose's book "D-Day" published 1994 by Simon and Schuster. The background for this event is that the allied landing forces were unable to land sufficient field artillery to provide support for the infantry. Most of the tanks landed on Omaha Beach had been disabled by enemy fire. Naval vessels were available, but their fire-control parties had not made it ashore. On pages 384-385, Ambrose writes: "The gunships closest to the shore, the destroyers, did not dare fire into the bluff, even when they could see fortified positions, for fear of hitting advancing American infantry....Lt. Owen Keeler was the gunnery officer on the destroyer Frankford. He too was frustrated because he had no targets. Aside from all the other problems, 'German camouflage was excellent, so we could not see who was where or pinpoint anything to shoot.' His skipper, Lt. Comdr. James Semmes, decided to go in closer for a better look. Navigating by fathometer and seaman's eye, he got to withing 400 yards, as close as he could possibly go without running aground, but 'the camouflage on the beach was still good. We could not spot a target--and we did not know how far our troops had advanced.. . . .After two hours of such frustration, skippers began to act on their own responsibility."
On page 387, Ambrose continues: "Frankford fired away from shoal water 800 meters off the beach. Gunnery Officer Keeler recalled: 'A tank sitting at the water's edge with a broken track fired at something on the hill.
(continued at top of next column)
Lt. Owen Keeler on D-Day.............page 1
The Poet Graybill.........................page 1
Berman Diary: 55 Yrs. Ago.............page 2
From the Flag Bag.......................page 4
USS Champlin Ship's Store............page 5
Champlin References....................page 5
Changing Berths..........................page 5
Shipmates Located......................page 5
Thanks and Next.........................page 6
Reunion 2000..............................page 6
We immediately followed up with a 5-inch salvo. The tank gunner flipped open his hatch, looked around at us, waved, dropped back in the tank, and fired at another target. For the next few minutes he was our fire-control party. Our range-finder optics could examine the spots where his shells hit."
Floyd Owen Keeler died 9 January, 1999. The following obituary was printed in The Capital on 11 January 1999:
"Owen F. Keeler, a retired corporate executive, died of heart failure Jan. 9 at Anne Arundel Medical Center. A resident of Annapolis since 1980, he was 78.
Mr. Keeler was born and educated in Bedord, Va., and graduated from the Naval Academy with the Class of 1943. He was at Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, aboard the destroyer USS Frankford, and served in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters of operation during World War II. He was in the Navy from 1939 to 1947, retiring as a lieutenant commander.
Formerly of Grosse Pointe, Mich., he owned his own automotive parts business for approximately 20 years. He retired in 1979 as director of product planning services at Chrysler Corp, where he worked for 25 years.
After moving to Annapolis, he was president of Perkins Demaris Corp., a commercial real estate firm.
Mr. Keeler was a member of the American Society of Automotive Engineers and a fellow of the American Society for Quality Control. He was an active member of the Civitan Club, the Naval Academy Alumni Association and the Naval Academy Chapel, where he was an usher and served on the Chapel Council. He also belong to the New Providence Club.
The Poet Graybill
The Ship's Deck Log for the midnight to four watch, or 00 - 04 to all you seasoned Salts, provides information regarding the location of the ship, how she was moored, the names of nearby ships and services being received from shore. For example, the USS Champlin's Deck Log for Wednesday, 2 January 1946, 00 - 04, reads as follows: "Moored starboard side to USS Nields (DD616) in USS Shenandoah nest, Folly Island channel, Charleston,
(continued page 2)


text:
Tuchyňa (Hongaars: Tohány) is een Slowaakse gemeente in de regio Trenčín, en maakt deel uit van het district Ilava.
Tuchyňa telt  inwoners.

Gemeente in Ilava

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Zadní Třebaň – gmina w Czechach, w powiecie Beroun, w kraju środkowoczeskim. Według danych z dnia 1 stycznia 2013 liczyła 732 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Gminy w powiecie Beroun


You might expect that some fragrances in personal care products could cause skin allergies, but did you know that most common preservatives also cause allergies? Recent studies suggest that current patch tests may not detect the problem product, so if itchy rashes or blisters on the skin continue without explanation, talk to your doctor about ensuring any product you suspect is included in the diagnosis.
Your dermatologist may have access to databases for finding safe products based on your range of allergies, or you can do your own research on databases such as cosmeticsinfo, maintained by the personal care products industry, or skindeep, maintained by the NGO Environmental Working Group.


Boot Düsseldorf 17th January - 25th January 2015.
The Finngulf 331 is making another exhibition appearance, this time in Düsseldorf, Germany.
We are situated in hall 15 stand D57.1.
Bootsmesse Hamburg 24th of October – 1st of November 2014.
New Finngulf 331 was presented in Hamburg boat fair. The boat is presented next time in Dusseldorf. At Boot Düsseldorf 2015, 17.01.2015 - 25.01.2015.
We maintain timeless and classic values of beauty; thus our yachts stand out from the rest not only in the way they look, but also in the way they perform. These are the qualities that we pare down to our slogan: "100 percent sailing"


Tom Clancy's Op-Center volume 13.
Tom Clancy's Op-Center is back with this new thriller written by the New York Times bestselling authors of Tom Clancy's ACT OF VALOR and featuring a chilling, ripped-from-the-headlines scenario. Before 9/11 America was protected by a covert force known as the National Crisis Management Center. Commonly known as Op-Center, this silent, secret mantel guarded the American people and protected the country from enemies. The charter was top secret and Director Paul Hood reported directly to the president. Op-Center used undercover operatives with SWAT capabilities to diffuse crises around the world, and they were tops in their field. But after the World Trade Center disaster, in the interest of streamlining, OP-Center was disbanded--leaving the country in terrible danger. But when terrorists detonate bombs in sports stadiums around the country leaving men, women and children dead or mutilated, the President executes an emergency order to bring back Op-Center--an Op-Center capable of dealing with the high tech crises of the 21st Century, and there is a lethal one brewing in the Middle East. A renegade Saudi Prince with ambitions of controlling the world's oil supply has an ingenious plot to manipulate America into attacking Syria and launching a war against Iran. Next, they would ignite a sleeper cell to attack the America homeland, resulting in a bloodbath unlike any other. Only the men and women of Op-Center, using sophisticated technology, realize what is about to be unleashed. Only they have the courage to issue a warning no one wants to hear. But will anyone believe them?
Bergmann, Erik., Clancy, Tom, 1947-2013., Galdorisi, George, 1948-, Pieczenik, Steve R.
Bergmann, Erik., Clancy, Tom,1947-2013., Galdorisi, George,1948-, Pieczenik, Steve R.
When terrorists detonate bombs in sports stadiums around the country leaving men, women and children dead or mutilated, the President executes an emergency order to bring back Op-Center and thwart a renegade Saudi Prince with ambitions of controlling the world's oil supply by manipulating America into attacking Syria, launching a war against Iran, and igniting a sleeper cell to attack the American homeland.
ils:CARL0000432147|CD audio book|Audio Books|Unabridged.|English|Macmillan Audio,|2014.|8 sound discs (600 min.) : digital ; 4 3/4 in., ils:CARL0000434241|Book|Books|First edition.|English|St. Martin's Griffin,||xiii, 384 pages ; 22 cm.


Beginning at an early age, many young women are taught not to boast and brag. Now there's a program to teach girls to do just the opposite — it wants girls and young women to trumpet their successes with their words and actions.
"And yet when it comes to us, we don't talk about ourselves in a positive way," she added.
The Young Women's Leadership School is a network of competitive inner-city public schools, which, along with Klaus, is working toward improving girls' confidence.
They offer guidance on body language, storytelling and how to boost enthusiasm.


Southern staff have suspended a planned rail strike in light of last night's attack in Manchester.
Greater Manchester Police has confirmed that 22 people died and at least 59 people injured after an explosion outside an Ariana Grande concert last night.
Since last April the RMT union has organised walkouts in response to Govia Thameslink Railway's proposals to introduce driver-only operation on Southern trains, with its latest day of action planned for Tuesday May 30.
Today Mick Cash, RMT general secretary, said: "In light of the horrific bombing in Manchester last night, and the heightened safety and security alerts on our transport services, RMT's executive has taken the decision to suspend the 24 hours of strike action scheduled for Tuesday 30th May on Merseyrail, Northern Rail and Southern Rail.
As part of the changes drivers are responsible for opening and closing train doors, while conductors are transferred to the role of on-board supervisors.
The union has raised safety concerns about the potential loss of a second safety-critical member of staff on services.