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Can busking under a tunnel change your identity?
Award winning writer, performer and nametag expert premieres a concert documentary that sticks.
Scott Ginsberg made a name for himself wearing a nametag twenty-four seven. He built a brand, a business and a career as an author, professional speaker and business strategist. But after fifteen years, he decided to branch out into an entirely new medium of creative expression.
Ginsberg wasn't waiting around for somebody to greenlight his creativity. He didn't have to ask permission to innovate. He simply took advantage of the invaluable production value and decided to make a documentary about the transformative power of performing in the tunnel.
Tunnel of Love: Songs, Stories, Sermons & Scenes, is a feature length concert documentary written, produced, directed and scored by Scott Ginsberg. The film explores the intersection of identity, belonging and creativity. The movie takes a look at the transformative power of live music, both on the audience and the performer. It pays homage the sonic potential of natural acoustics. And it's a playful narrative about two young lovers in the process of changing their pronouns. Through live performances, playful and romantic exchanges, unexpected creative moments of conception and behind the scenes storytelling, Ginsberg's film takes you on a heartfelt journey about what it means to be an artist, a romantic and an opportunist.
Scott, however, had zero experience writing, producing, directing, scoring and funding an independent film. But that didn't stop him. Because if there's one thing he does have experience with, it's undertaking creative projects in which he has no idea what they hell he's doing.
Scott partnered with Emmett Williams of Mission Man Media, an award winning artist, internationally known musician and nationally exhibited photographer. He served as director of photographer, editor and overall production manager. He used Elance to find local audio technician, Jared Alder, to engineer the sound for the film and produce original motion picture soundtrack, which was released as a stand alone album.
What happens inside the tunnel of love? Kids biking. Families picnicking. Tourists dancing. Friends singing. Couples dancing. Family clapping. Babies crying. Teenagers yelling. Police patrolling. Birds chirping. Balloons popping. Dogs barking.
Tunnel of Love will be initially presented as a serialized, episodic documentary. Since the movie's centerpiece is a live concert, Scott is premiering each song as a stand alone chapter on his website and social channels. There are 14 songs in the concert, so the distribution timeline will occur over a period of 14 weeks, from September to December. Every Monday, fans will get a new song emailed to their inbox. And by the end of the year, the entire movie will become available online for free, forever.
But the film isn't a complete vanity project, Scott laughs. The documentary homepage also offers discussion guides and curricula for educators, learning institutions, companies, congregations and other organizations to help spread the messages of identity, belonging and creativity.
Can we interest you in a feature story, an interview with Scott Ginsberg or a review of his new documentary? For those who might be wonder about how to overcome the challenges of identity, belonging and creativity, Scott's movie offers up the smartest answers to the toughest questions that plague all of us. If you'd like to watch his full movie, please contact below. Media review copies, high resolution photos and interviews available upon request. This article may be used in whole or part, with short bio and links to website please. Special feature story inquiries and blog posts welcome. Email questionnaires, permission to use excerpts or fresh articles available to meet your needs. Fire away and let Scott know how he can help you!
What happens when you wear a nametag twenty-four seven? Even to bed? Just ask Scott Ginsberg. In the beginning, it was just a gimmick to make friends. But soon, his crazy idea didn't seem so crazy. In the past fifteen years, Scott's social experiment has evolved into an urban legend, world record, cultural phenomenon and a profitable enterprise. Simply google the word nametag, and you'll see his work benchmarked as a case study on human interaction, revolutionizing the way people look at approachability, identity and creativity.
Since 1999, Scott has authored 30 books, released six albums on his own record label, published an award winning blog, given a TEDx talk and delivered presentations and corporate training programs worldwide. He's the only person in the world who wears a nametag 24-7. Even to bed. He was also inducted into Ripley's Believe It Or Not as the world record holder of wearing nametags. Tunnel of Love is his first movie.
"A story about the gentle but dramatic transition into caring more about the beauty of 'the we' than any other success imagined as separate entities."
Tunnel of Love is feature length concert documentary about the intersection of identity, belonging and creativity. The film was written, produced, directed and scored by Scott Ginsberg, and was edited and shot by Emmett Williams.
Copyright © 2015 HELLO, my name is Scott!


Teams Announced for Wege Prize 2017!
Wege Prize, a global transdisciplinary student design competition focused on developing innovative solutions to "wicked problems" through the lens of the circular economy, has revealed the 25 teams participating in the 2017 competition.
Wege Prize is organized by Kendall College of Art and Design of Ferris State University's (KCAD's) Wege Center for Sustainable Design with the support of the Wege Foundation. The competition challenges teams of five to rethink the world's linear economic models into ones which are regenerative by designing a product, service, or business model that could function within and help create a circular economy – a model in which resources can be re-adapted for use without limiting the desirability of products or the flow of revenue. Teams are required to represent at least two different academic institutions and at least three different academic disciplines.
The 25 teams also showcase a remarkable disciplinary diversity as well, with 84 unique areas of academic study represented in the field. For 2017, Wege Prize was opened up to graduate students for the first time. Graduate and undergraduate students will be competing against one another, and many teams in the field contain a mix of both.
All 25 teams were required to submit a research plan as a part of their team registration. Now, teams' next challenge is to translate their research into a concrete draft of a fully-developed solution, focusing on customer/user need, economic feasibility, a sound business model, and the relation of the product, service, or business model to the larger system of the circular economy. The initial drafts of their solutions are due on January 30, 2017.
The initial drafts will be reviewed by a panel of expert judges, who will then choose the teams that will move onto the third phase of competition, in which teams must develop and submit a final draft of their solution, due by April 3, 2017. Final drafts will be reviewed by the judges, who will select the finalist teams that will present their solutions live at the Wege Prize 2017 Awards on May 19, 2017 in Grand Rapids, Mich. Prizes to be awarded include $15,000 to the first-place team, $10,000 to the second-place team, and $5,000 to the 3rd place team.
For a complete breakdown of teams competing in Wege Prize 2017, visit wegeprize.org/2017-teams.


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2020 Maserati Ghibli Review – Italian Perfection (The New Trofeo)
Alfio Capicollo July 18, 2021, 3:19 AM 405 Views
The Ghibli is the Arabic name for a strong wind that blows down from the mountains, in the Middle East. A natural force that careens through the desert into the Mediterranean Sea – hot, dusty and tempestuous. This exemplifies the fiery nature of Maserati's midsize luxury sedan.
The Modena carmaker had launched this model back in 2014 in a concerted effort to expand the company's bespoke origins into something more global. This was certainly achieved, as their sales had jumped from just 500 models, in 1998, up to an annual high of 51,500 by 2017. Over those years of production, the Ghibli had contributed over 40,000 units sales to the 'Bottom Line'.
Over the intervening years, Maserati had tinkered with the sedan to improve its performance as well as its technological and luxurious installments. By the time the 2020 Maserati Ghibli was available, these refinements had ensured that this was now a worthy compatriot to the overly-competitive executive luxury sedan market.
While, admittedly, this Maserati was not on par with the Teutonic autobahn sedans that boasted better overall performance and specifications, they rose head and shoulders over them with, from their curvaceous and flowing bodywork to the alluring and vibrant luxury interiors. For drivers wishing to break free of these generic and stoic Germanic cruisers, then setting their sights on a racey automobile from the 'Maestro's of Modena' would be too intoxicating to miss.
The 2020 Maserati Ghibli was available in three models – Base, S & S Q4 – and all using the 3.0 liter twin turbocharged V6 Ferrari engine. While the first two versions were both rear wheel drive, the Q4 was fitted with an all-wheel drive powertrain. All models were optional in two different upgraded packages – GranLusso (luxury) and GranSport (sporty). While the GranLusso enhances the luxurious nature of the Ghibli, the GranSport raises the performance credibility of the automobile. The previously separate 'Driver Assistance' package is now available as standard to both of these upgrades.
1 Shape of Things to Come
2 Ferrari Power Under the Hood
3 Flying Through the Gears
4 Precision Handling
5 Flowing Bodylines
6 Italian Panache
7 Wired Up
8 Deluxe Packaging
While most criticisms had been addressed with the car over the years. Most especially, the introduction of all "benchmark" driver-assist safety aids, there was one still that had not been dealt with – a bigger engine. In July 2020, Maserati made an announcement that would excite their customer base around the world.
Not only were they entering the "modern world" of electric and hybridization engines, as they announced a 2021 Ghibli with a re-tuned FIAT-Chrysler 2.0 liter four-cylinder gas turbo engine attached to a 48-volt electric supercharger "e-booster" and a battery, but also a V8 engine for the midsize sedan.
Maserati were putting seriously powerful engines into all three of their current models: Ghibli, Quattroporte & Levante SUV. Each would be given the moniker of 'Trofeo' (trophy in English) and fitted with a 3.8 liter twin turbocharged V8 Ferrari engine. The output, this was purported to give, was frightening as it would provide 572 bhp and 538 lb-ft of torque. They claimed that the 0-60 mph dash could be achieved in just 4.3 seconds while the Ghibli Trofeo could hit a top speed of 203 mph. These figures were almost on a par to the Maserati MC12!
The 2020 Maserati Ghibli Hybrid would offer 330 bhp and 450 Nm of torque and making the 0-60 mph sprint in 5.7 seconds and having a top speed of 158 mph.
But both of these variations would not be available until the following year. potential buyers of a V8 Ghibli would just have to wait.
Ferrari Power Under the Hood
As Maserati were trying to create a midsize luxury sedan that stayed below the US $100,000 mark and to provide a modicum of fuel economy, they made sure to install a smaller engine. All models of the 2020 Maserati Ghibli would have the same 3.0 liter twin turbocharged V6 engine, which was also used in some of the Quattroporte models as well.
The Base engine would have an output of 345 bhp and 369 lb-ft of torque and that would allow it to make 0-60 mph in 5.5 seconds and hit a top speed of 166 mph (which was still faster than several of its competitors). The S and S Q4 Ghibli saw better performance as they both made the 0-60 mph sprint in 4.9 and 4.7 seconds respectively while they both hit a top speed of 178 mph.
Though not offered within the North American market, a third engine choice was available in other territories – a diesel engine. But, considering this would be Maserati's first experience with a non-gasoline engine, they needed some guidance on creating an engine block that had some performance to it. So they sought the expert advice of someone who knew Ferrari engines very well – Paolo Martinelli.
Snr Martinelli had overseen the V10 engines of the Scuderia Ferrari F1 Team's racing cars for Michael Schumacher, as he rode to victory year after year. With his help, they were able to create a 3.0 liter turbo diesel engine that gave out 271 bhp and 420 lb-ft or torque. This gave the diesel engine acceleration of 6.3 seconds from 0-60 mph and a top speed of 155 mph.
Fuel economy for these engines was a respectable combined 19 mpg. All models would make 24 mpg on highways while the Base made better economy in urban driving with 17 mpg and the other two giving 16 mpg.
Flying Through the Gears
For all models of the 2020 Maserati Ghibli, the German made, ZF, eight-speed 8HP automatic transmission would be installed. This gearbox had three driver settings: normal, sport & ICE.
Using the Ghibli as a city runaround and driving in the "normal" mode, allowed the car to run quietly and conservatively. If the ICE (Increased Control & Efficiency) was activated then this would perform like an ECO function, reducing the engine and transmission for better efficiency and fuel economy.
But to fully enjoy the exhilaration, that only an Italian-made luxury car can provide, the automatic transmission must be engaged to 'Sport'. Shift changes become quicker while the rev count is pushed closer to the redline. Remapping of the throttle makes it more "edgy" and the baffles are bypassed in the exhaust to allow the full throaty growl, pop and bang of the Ferrari engine to escape from the quad pipes at the rear. If the 'Skyhook' suspension is onboard, then this will automatically stiffen up in anticipation of the more aggressive drive.
To further enhance the experience, select 'manual' mode which allows the driver to have full control over gear changes and are applied through the gear stick or via the shift paddles on the steering column.
While both the Base and S models provided the powertrain with rear wheel drive, the S Q4 offered all-wheel drive performance. The intuitive driving system, sensing any wheelspin, would divert up to 50% of the power to the front axle to counteract it. This was, by far, the more popular option in North America as it accounted for 70% of their sales in the territory.
Precision Handling
Maserati held great pride in the racing pedigree and made sure that high performance handling was standard on all models of the Trident. The 2020 Maserati Ghibli was no exception. Its unparalleled handling and driving performance at high speed was thrilling and made this executive sedan seem more like a sports car.
As if riding on rails, the Maserati grips the road tightly and performs instantly to your steering commands and allows you to attack all cornering with vigor. With almost no understeer or drift, the car glides through the turn and explodes out of it with ease. Even for inexperienced drivers, they can still find great enjoyment from the thrilling ride and complete these turns with confidence. With the installation of several driving aids, it ensures that the "excitement" will never get out of hand.
One of the major contributing factors to this great handling is the almost perfect balance of the 2020 Maserati Ghibli. With a 50/50 weight distribution ratio making sure the balance of the car allows it to move with the steering precisely. The added driver aids included both stability and traction control as well as anti-lock brakes.
While the standard suspension system would be regarded as a little too firm for some, there was the option to upgrade it to the adaptive 'Skyhook' suspension system which could even out a lot of the rigors of high speed driving and rough road surfaces. To minimize the level of body-roll and lateral movement within the cabin to make sure the passengers enjoyed the ride.
Flowing Bodylines
The 2020 Maserati Ghibli would easily turn heads as its alluring contours and bodywork ensured it stood out from the crowd. Flowing lines, from the rear, around the side and over the front wheel arches to the dropped down aggressive nose with the iconic grille, made this automobile stir the heart unlike the other conservative and amorphous German rivals.
The Maserati can sit five passengers while the front seats were exceptionally comfortable with extra padding and lumbar support. Headroom was reasonable both front and rear (3.4 inches more than the inside of a BMW 5 Series) while the legroom was adequate (2.5 inches less than the same BMW) but the foot space was quite tight.
Generous storage space in the trunk as the 2020 Maserati Ghibli provided 17.7 cubic feet and even more space when the rear seats were folded down in a 60/40 split.
Italian Panache
As you would expect from an Italian luxury automobile, the interior is a symphony of opulence. With the finest leather and other high finish surfaces covering all aspects of the cabin. Poltrona Frau leather (their finest only provided to Maserati and Ferrari), Pieno Fiore natural leather or Zegna silk would adorn the seats and side panels, depending on what "package" was bought. These were offered in a variety of different colors while the dash could be given a two-tone combination. High-gloss or open pore wood was available as well as carbon fiber to cover other areas.
Alcantara suede would be available for the headliners as well as the door panels. A variety of different coloured hand stitching and piping allowed for a multitude of contrasts for the interior.
However, Maserati was still utilizing the cheap looking knobs and switches from other Chrysler models which really detracted from the luxurious look on closer inspection.
Exterior bodywork paintwork palette came in 14 variations (though only two were free of charge) and the alloy wheels could be fitted with 19 to 21 inch rims and four different colors for the Brembo brake calipers.
Wired Up
The Infotainment system was fitted out with the Chrysler Uconnect system (known here as the 'Maserati Touch plus') and had a 8.4 inch touchscreen. Very easy to use with large icons that enabled a single touch access for all interior controls. Satellite radio, CD player, sat nav and dual zone climate control were all readily accessible. Connectivity was assured with Bluetooth, Apple Carplay, Android Auto and a USB port.
The standard speaker setup was with the eight speakers of Harman Kardon, but the GranLusso and GranSport both offered the ten-speaker system. If preferred, a 15-speaker system from Bowers & Wilkins could be installed as extra.
Deluxe Packaging
The 2020 Maserati Ghibli would offer upgraded 'packages" for each model. The Base Ghibli would have the 'Luxury' Package while the S & S Q4 offered the 'Sport' Package while the 'Driver Assistance' Package was now inclusive to both.
The Luxury provided ventilated front seats, hands-free power trunk, 10 speaker Harman Kardon system and driver aids such as: adaptive cruise control, forward collision alert, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking, blind-spot monitoring; rear cross-traffic alert; front and rear parking sensors and a surround view camera.
The Sport also provided the same driver assistance aids as well as 19-21 inch alloys, adaptive suspension, sports wheel, sport seats and shift paddles. A Carbon fiber package for the S models increased the number of interior finishes with this surface instead.
The 2020 Maserati Ghibli was now an executive luxury sedan to be reckoned with and it was really only a matter of personal choice whether you made the decision to have one or not. While some drivers may prefer the ruthless efficiency of the Teutonic autobahn cruisers, there would still be many who wanted to feel their blood race as they got behind the wheel of a Maserati.
2020 Maserati GhibliGhibliGhibli HybridGhibli SGhibli SQ 4Ghibli TrofeoMaseratiMaserati GhibliMaserati TrofeoTrofeo
2017 Maserati Ghibli Review- Executive Packaging
2017 Maserati Ghibli S Q4: A mid-sized delight
2015 Maserati Ghibli Review – Executive Class
Maserati Ghibli Reliability – EVERYTHING You Need To Know
2021 Maserati Quattroporte Review: New Year, New Entrant, The Trofeo
2019 Maserati Ghibli Review – Coming of Age
2019 Maserati Quattroporte Review: A Reminder of the Good Times

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Being a Lxdy Boss (in life, business, family, relationships and beyond!) can come with a number of stresses and mental wellness disruptors. That is why we want to unite all the strong womxn we know and get into the nitty gritty of learning to maintain inner wellness while pursuing growth and changing the world for the better.
On Tuesday March 12th, we welcome Laura Murphy and Natalia Anja, hosted by Danielle Boyd to discuss, meditate, and grow over some delicious conversation, food and drink. This evening will bring you connection with some incredible people, personal growth in a powerful way and inner peace and calm.
Early Bird Pricing on until Feb 20th, 2019.
We hope to see you there, Lxdy Boss.


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The Private Life of Don Juan
Douglas Fairbanks Sr. makes his big-screen swan song with Korda's deliciously satiric deflation of the Don Juan myth. After having faked his own death and escaped Seville, the aging lothario returns, only to find that he has been promptly forgotten; perhaps Merle Oberon's raven-haired beauty can coax him back into business. Don Juan was a rare "talkie" for Fairbanks, and a shrewd poking at the actor's own persona.
Collector's Set
Alexander Korda's Private Lives
Watch Now On
Antonita
Gina Malo
Pepitta
Benita Hume
Dona Dolores
Story and dialogue
Lajos Biro
Based on the play L'homme à la rose by
Henri Bataille
Georges Périnal
Vincent Korda
Ned Mann
Musical compositions
Ernest Toch
Muir Matheson
The Rise of Catherine the Great
Paul Czinner
The Love Parade
Under the Roofs of Paris
From The Current
The Kordas
Director, Producer, Production Designer
During sound cinema's first full decade, the Hungarian-born Korda brothers—Alexander, Zoltán, and Vincent—built a British empire. The mastermind behind their legendary company, London Films Productions, was producer, director, writer, and eventual mega-mogul Alex; born Sándor Kellner, he became interested in the art of silent cinema as a teenager in his home country, writing criticism and even founding a movie magazine before finding success making his own films all over Europe. In the late twenties, following a short stint in Hollywood, Alex was sent to England to head up Paramount's British Production Unit; in 1932, he established London Films and brought aboard his younger siblings, Zoltán as a writer/director and Vincent as a production designer. Their first big hit was The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933), which earned Charles Laughton an Oscar and the Kordas international attention. The rest of the thirties held highs (The Rise of Catherine the Great, Elephant Boy) and lows (The Private Life of Don Juan) for the company. But its films—often about historical personalities (Rembrandt) or the exploits of the British Empire abroad (Sanders of the River, The Four Feathers)—remain exemplars of a grand period of British cinema. In the forties, the Kordas only grew in stature—due not only to such immensely popular titles as The Thief of Bagdad and That Hamilton Woman but also to the selection of Alexander, the first film director to be so honored, for knighthood.
More of The Kordas View All
That Hamilton Woman
The Four Feathers
Zoltán Korda
Tim Whelan…
The Private Life of Henry VIII


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 110 Part 3.djvu/10
X LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS PUBLIC LAW DATE PAGE 104-166.... To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the July 29, 1996 1445 conduct of expanded studies and the establishment of innovative programs with respect to traumatic brain injury, and for other purposes. 104-167.... Entitled the "Mollie Beattie Wilderness Area Act" July 29, 1996 1451 104-168.... Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2 July 30, 1996 1452 104-169.... National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act Aug. 3, 1996 1482 104-170.... Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 Aug. 3, 1996 1489 104-171.... To authorize the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment Aug. 3, 1996 1539 (most-favored-nation treatment) to the products of Romania. 104-172.... Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 Aug. 5, 1996 1541 104-173.... To provide for the extension of certain hydroelectric Aug. 6, 1996 1552 projects located in the State of West Virginia. 104-174.... To authorize minors who are under the child labor provi- Aug. 6, 1996 1553 sions of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and who are under 18 years of age to load materials into balers and compactors that meet appropriate American National Standards Institute design safety standards. 104-175.... To authorize a circuit judge who has taken part in an in Aug. 6, 1996...... 1556 banc hearing of a case to continue to participate in that case after taking senior status, and for other purposes. 104-176.... Granting the consent of Congress to the compact to pro- Aug. 6, 1996 1557 vide for joint natural resource management and enforcement of laws and regulations pertaining to natural resources and boating at the Jennings Randolph Lake Project lying in Garrett County, Maryland and Mineral County, West Virginia, entered into between the States of West Virginia and Maryland. 104-177.... Federal Employee Representation Improvement Act of Aug. 6, 1996 1563 1996. 104-178.... To amend title 18, United States Code, to repeal the pro- Aug. 6, 1996 1565 vision relating to Federal employees contracting or trading with Indians. 104-179.... Office of Government Ethics Authorization Act of 1996 Aug. 6, 1996 1566 104-180.... Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Adminis- Aug. 6, 1996 1569 tration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997. 104-181.... Granting the consent of Congress to the Mutual Aid Aug. 6, 1996 1609 Agreement between the city of Bristol, Virginia, and the city of Bristol, Tennessee. 104-182.... Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 Aug. 6, 1996 1613 104-183.... Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Aug. 6, 1996 1694 Act Amendments of 1996. 104-184.... District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority Act of Aug. 6, 1996 1696 1996. 104-185.... Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Simplification and Fairness Aug. 13, 1996 1700 Act of 1996. 104-186.... House of Representatives Administrative Reform Tech- Aug. 20, 1996 1718 nical Corrections Act. 104-187.... To redesignate the United States Post Office building lo- Aug. 20, 1996 1754 cated at 245 Centereach Mall on the Middle Countiy Road in Centereach, New York, as the "Rose Y. Caracappa United States Post Office Building". 104-188.... Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 Aug. 20, 1996 1755 104-189.... To redesignate the Dunning Post Office in Chicago, Illi- Aug. 20, 1996 1931 nois, as the "Roger P. McAuliffe Post Office". 104-190.... To authorize the Agency for International Development to Aug. 20, 1996 1932 offer voluntary separation incentive payments to employees of that agency. 104-191.... Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of Aug. 21, 1996 1936 1996.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:United_States_Statutes_at_Large_Volume_110_Part_3.djvu/10&oldid=8535853"


Your relationship has a story. So should your ring.
When a woman tells a friend she just got engaged, the first response is "Let me see your ring!" Just like your relationship has a story, the story of your ring should be something worthy of telling, over and over again.
Your engagement ring is an icon of your story, singular to your relationship. It should reflect the personality of your love. By designing your own ring, you can tell that story in every facet.
Conceptualizing a ring is remarkably easy. You don't have to be creative.
Once you confirm a final design, the ring is forged just for you. The craftsmanship is comparable to a ring from Tiffany or Cartier: quality metals, elegantly tapered and beveled, with prongs that seamlessly rise and hold the stones securely. Compare our ring next to a mall ring and you'll be embarrassed for the wearer of the mall ring. Really. Our standard for quality is among the highest in the industry.
Once you confirm a final design, the ring is forged just for you. The craftsmanship is comparable to a ring from Tiffany or Cartier: quality metals, elegantly tapered and beveled, with prongs that seamlessly rise and hold the stones securely. Our standard for quality is among the highest in the industry.
There is absolutely no reason to use stones that are mined from the earth. Today's stones, which are grown in a lab, like flowers in a greenhouse, are in all ways superior to stones found in the ground.
Diamonds are mined in horrific conditions, principally in Africa, by people who make next to nothing for their labor. To say "unfair labor practices and human-rights violations" really means slave labor. Open pit mines and ocean mining destroy delicate habitats worldwide. The devastated areas do not recover for hundreds of years.
These are 100% pure carbon diamonds. They are lab grown, identical to diamonds in every way (including the flaws). They cost about 30-40% less than mined diamonds.
These are lab produced stones that are not pure carbon, but behave like their mined counterparts in every way: they last forever and experienced jewelers cannot tell the difference with a loupe. The difference is that they are uniformly perfect in cut, color and clarity. They are certified the same as diamonds by the A.I.G. and you'll receive all their certification paperwork. They cost about 70% less than mined diamonds.
These are lab produced Rubies, Emeralds and Sapphires. They are exactly identical to mined stones, except that they, too, are perfect in cut and color. They too are significantly less expensive than their mined counterparts.
THE PROCESS IS SIMPLE. WE CAN HELP.


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Salinas River may refer to:

 Salinas River (California), US
 Salinas River National Wildlife Refuge
 Salinas River State Beach
 Salinas River (Guam)
 Salinas River (Guatemala)
 Salinas River (Mexico)
 Salinas River (Minas Gerais), Brazil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The 14th Airlift Squadron is a newly established airlift squadron of the Polish Air Force. The unit is stationed at the 33rd Air Base in Powidz with the 7th Tactical Squadron. The unit  operates 5 newly purchased Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport aircraft, the last being accepted in formal ceremony on 22 August 2012.

References

Squadrons of the Polish Air Force

Military units and formations established in 2006


GloHealth will increase the price of the Better Active plan from 1 April 2016.
The Beter Active adult premium will increase from €1,064 to €1,165, the children aged 3 premium will increase from €138.50 to € 149.50 and the children aged 3+ premium will increase from €277 to €299. The young adult premiums for this plan will also increase on this date.
Laya Healthcare price increase 01.04.2016.
Laya Healthcare will increase the price of the Health Secure Plus plan from 1 April 2016.
The Health Secure Plus adult premium will increase from €1,550 to €1,602.50. The young adult premiums for this plan will also increase on this date.
GloHealth will increase the premiums of Base, Base Lite and Initiate plan by 10% on 15 April 2016.
Additionally they will remove the outpatient excess for scan cover in approved centres on these plans.
From 30 April 2016 Aviva will change premiums across a number of its plans. Aviva will reduce rates on Aviva Select More, Aviva Select More with Day 2 Day pack, Aviva Select More with Emergency Access pack, and Aviva Select More with Day 2 Day & Emergency packs.


The third season premiere of Sons of Anarchy opened to strong ratings last night, drawing 4.13 million viewers and a 2.1 A18-49 rating.
'SoA' was down slightly from the year prior to the tune of 4% among viewers (4.29M) and 9% among adults 18-49 (2.3 rating). At the same time, however, the premiere had a better overall audience than the season two average: +13% among viewers (3.65M) and +11% among adults 18-49 (1.9 rating).
New episodes of Sons of Anarchy air Tuesday night's at 10:00 p.m. on FX. Check out my review of the first four episodes here.


Select between a STABY PROFESSIONAL or STABY MINI. We'll send you the STABY of your choice and give you access to our entire growing library of online workouts for 30 days. You will be billed only $49 plus $10.95 shipping and handling. If you keep the STABY after the initial 30-day trial period, you will be billed ONLY an additional $99 for the balance of the STABY payment and 12 additional months subscription to the online workouts.
THIS IS A TOTAL SAVINGS OF $190 OFF THE NORMAL PRICING.
$49 deposit and $99 additional payment if you do not return after 30 day trial.
Select between a STABY PROFESSIONAL (Full Size Version) or STABY MINI (Shorter Version – perfect for kids and therapy). We'll send you the STABY of your choice and give you access to our entire growing library of online workouts for 30 days. You will be billed only $49 plus $10.95 shipping and handling. If you keep the STABY after the initial 30-day trial period, you will be billed ONLY an additional $99 for the balance of the STABY payment and 12 additional months subscription to the online workouts.


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RNA synthesis is modulated by G-quadruplex formation in Hepatitis C virus negative RNA strand
Identification and characterization of two conserved G-quadruplex forming motifs in the Nipah virus genome and their interaction with G-quadruplex specific ligands
Prativa Majee, Subodh Kumar Mishra, … Amit Kumar
A naturally occurring antiviral ribonucleotide encoded by the human genome
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Chloé Jaubert1,
Amina Bedrat2,
Laura Bartolucci2,
Carmelo Di Primo2,
Michel Ventura1,
Jean-Louis Mergny ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-84012,3,
Samir Amrane2 &
Marie-Line Andreola1
An Author Correction to this article was published on 23 May 2019
This article has been updated
DNA and RNA guanine-rich oligonucleotides can form non-canonical structures called G-quadruplexes or "G4" that are based on the stacking of G-quartets. The role of DNA and RNA G4 is documented in eukaryotic cells and in pathogens such as viruses. Yet, G4 have been identified only in a few RNA viruses, including the Flaviviridae family. In this study, we analysed the last 157 nucleotides at the 3′end of the HCV (−) strand. This sequence is known to be the minimal sequence required for an efficient RNA replication. Using bioinformatics and biophysics, we identified a highly conserved G4-prone sequence located in the stem-loop IIy' of the negative strand. We also showed that the formation of this G-quadruplex inhibits the in vitro RNA synthesis by the RdRp. Furthermore, Phen-DC3, a specific G-quadruplex binder, is able to inhibit HCV viral replication in cells in conditions where no cytotoxicity was measured. Considering that this domain of the negative RNA strand is well conserved among HCV genotypes, G4 ligands could be of interest for new antiviral therapies.
DNA and RNA guanine-rich regions can fold into non-canonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes or "G4". These structures result from the planar association of four guanines connected through hydrogen bonding. These G-quartets stack on top of each other and are stabilized by monovalent cations such as sodium or potassium. Since the 1960s, when the structural basis of the G-tetrads was elucidated, numerous works have described their implication in biological regulatory mechanisms. Control of telomeric functions, DNA replication, gene expression, genome stability, translation regulation or mRNA processing can involve DNA or RNA G-quadruplexes1. These structures are also present in pathogens and can control their virulence2,3. In addition to bacteria and protozoa, several DNA viruses are concerned (for a review3). The Epstein–Barr virus encodes a genome maintenance protein (nuclear antigen 1, EBNA1) that binds G-rich sequences at the viral replication origin, recruits the replication complex and is involved in metaphase chromosome attachment. This interaction ensures the genome maintenance throughout mitosis4. The human papillomaviruses (HPV) genome also contains G-quadruplexes that can carry out regulatory functions5. In SV40, the last regulatory region contains six GC boxes (GGGCGG) in close proximity involved in a quadruplex structure that constitutes a binding motif for SP16. The early transcription of SV40 is also controlled by G4 structures. The HSV-1 genome displays multiple clusters of repeated sequences forming very stable G-quadruplexes that are involved in the viral DNA replication7. Beside these DNA viruses, there are very few descriptions of G-quadruplexes in RNA viruses. HIV-1 is the first one in which RNA G4 structures have been shown to be essential in the replication cycle. They are needed for genome dimerization8 and for capsid attachment9. A conserved G-rich region from HIV-1 promoter was shown to form G4 structures10 and being involved in the regulation of viral replication11. Very recently, G-rich sequences were identified and analyzed in the genome of Ebola virus and Marburg virus12,13. A recent study has also revealed the first evidence of G-rich sequences to be found in the negative-sense RNA of Zaire ebolavirus L gene and likely involved in the L gene expression14. Finally, several potential G4 forming sequences were identified in Zika genome, belonging to the Flaviviridae family15. Their role in the viral replication, if any, still has to be determined.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the causative agent of hepatitis C, a liver disease, also belongs to the Flaviviridae family. Its plus-strand RNA genome of 9600 nt is flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) that fold in several stem-loop structures engaged in short or long-range RNA-RNA tertiary interactions16,17. These interactions are essential for viral replication18,19,20. The HCV genome encodes a unique polyprotein, which is cleaved into three structural proteins (C, E1, E2), and seven non-structural proteins (p7, NS2, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5a and NS5b). The latter is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that, associated to cellular and viral non-structural proteins in a replication complex (RC), ensures the RNA synthesis. Plus-strand genomic RNA ((+)RNA) is copied into a negative strand ((−)RNA) that is used as template for the synthesis of new (+)RNAs. The RC binds to the 3′-end RNA of each strand to ensure the synthesis of a complete genome. As a result, the 3′-end of the (−)RNA is used by the RC to initiate the RNA synthesis of the (+)strand. However, the intimate mechanism involved in the initiation of the RNA synthesis is not known. The secondary structure of the 3′end of the (−)RNA was established from RNA footprinting experiments (Fig. 1A)21,22. Some structural elements of this structure were shown to be implicated in the initiation of RNA synthesis23,24,25. Furthermore, it has been shown that the last 157 nucleotides at the 3′-end of the HCV (−)strand constitute the minimal sequence required for efficient RNA replication26,27.
(A) Predicted secondary structure of the 3′end 157 nucleotides of the HCV (−)RNA according to Smith et al.21. The putative G4 forming sequence used for the biophysical experiments (HCV110-131) is highlighted in red. (B) Logo representation of the detected putative G4 sequence by G4Hunter algorithm (WebLogo application). (C) Chemical structure of PhenDC3 G4 ligand.
Recently a G-rich region located in the core coding sequence on the genomic (+)strand RNA of HCV was shown to adopt a G4 structure28. In this work, we identified another G-rich region in the stem-loop IIy' of the 3′-end of the negative strand of HCV. Using bioinformatics, biophysics, biochemical and cellular experiments, we show that this G-rich sequence is able to fold into a G4. In vitro RNA synthesis by the RdRp is affected by the formation of this quadruplex. Furthermore, we show that Phen-DC3, a known G-quadruplex ligand, inhibits HCV viral replication in cells. As this region of the (−)strand RNA of HCV is highly conserved, targeting the G4 structure by ligands might be a new therapeutic pathway.
Oligonucleotides synthesis and samples preparation
Oligonucleotides were purchased from Eurogentec (Seraing, Belgium) with RP cartridge gold purification. Oligonucleotide strand concentrations were determined by measuring absorbance at 260 nm (SAFAS UVmc2 double-beam spectrophotometer (Monte Carlo, Monaco) using the extinction coefficients provided by the manufacturer.
Cells and viruses
Huh7 cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and gentamicin (50 µg/mL) at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The fully replicative whole HCV genome (LMTV, JFH-1 backbone, Genbank HG948568) was obtained by gene synthesis (Eurofins MWG/Operon, Ebersberg, Germany) and cloned into pUC19 (pUC/LMTV). The gene encoding Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) ending by 60 nt that coded for the FMDV 2 A protein, was obtained by gene synthesis and was further introduced between the p7 and NS2 genes in position 2779 (pUC/LMTV-GLuc) as described in28.
UV melting and thermal difference spectra (TDS)
A SAFAS UVmc2 double-beam spectrophotometer (Monte Carlo, Monaco) equipped with a 10-cells holder regulated by a Peltier controller was used to perform the UV melting experiments. Oligonucleotide strand concentrations ranged between 3.3 and 7.2 µM. The melting curves at 295 nm were recorded both ways between 95 °C and 5 °C with a temperature gradient of 0.2 °C/min29. TDS were calculated by subtracting the UV spectrum at 5 °C from the one at 95 °C30.
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy
CD spectra were measured at 20 °C between 220 and 335 nm (0.5 nm data pitch) in 1 cm path-length quartz cells using a Jasco J-815 instrument. Each spectrum was the average of four scans recorded at 50 nm/min (2 nm bandwidth and 1 s data integration time). The oligonucleotide concentration was 2.5 µM. CD melting curves were obtained by measuring the CD signals from low temperature to high temperature with 1 °C increments and a temperature gradient of 0.3 °C/min. The ellipticity was then plotted at 263 nm against temperature.
NMR spectroscopy
NMR experiments were performed on a 700 MHz Bruker spectrometer equipped with a TXI probe. 1H 1D NMR experiments were acquired using a pulse sequence with Spin-Echo Water Suppression. The oligonucleotides were dissolved in a 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7 at 20 °C, and 70 mM KCl at a concentration of 0.15 mM.
FRET melting assay
The ligand-induced thermal stabilisations (∆T1/2) were determined from FRET melting experiments carried out in 96-well plates on a Stratagene Mx3005P real-time PCR equipment, as previously described30. The excitation and detection wavelengths were set to 492 and 516 nm, respectively. After an initial stabilisation at 25 °C for 5 min, the temperature was increased by a 1 °C step every minute until 95 °C. When the RNA sequence is in the G-quadruplex folded state, FRET occurs between the two fluorophores while denaturation of the G-quadruplex structure upon heating abolishes the FRET process. The fluorescently labelled HCV110-131 sequence (f-HCV110-131-t 5′-FAM-CGGGAGGGGGGGUCCUGGAGGC-Tamra-3′) was dissolved to a 0.1 mM stock concentration and stored at −20 °C. The stock concentrations were determined from the absorbance at 260 nm measured on a SAFAS UVmc2 double-beam spectrophotometer (Monte Carlo, Monaco) (according to the molar extinction coefficient mentioned on the corresponding technical data sheet). The melting experiments were performed at a final 0.2 μM strand concentration of labeled oligonucleotide with 0.4 μM of ligand Phen-DC3. The experiments were carried out in a 10 mM lithium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2 at 20 °C) containing either 10 mM KCl or 90 mM LiCl.
In vitro transcription
The pGEM9Zf(–) containing the 341 nucleotides of the 5′UTR of HCV (H77 strain) was used for in vitro transcription to produce the HCV (−)RNA 3′-end (157nt)22. PCR was performed with the GoTaq® Flexi DNA Polymerase (Promega) with primers designed to introduce a T7 RNA polymerase promoter in the correct orientation. The primers sequences are Stop_157: GCCAGCCCCCTGATGGGGGCGACAC, T7_157_WT: TAATACGACTCACTATAGGTTCCGCAGACCACTATGGC or T7_157_MutG4: TAATACGACTCACTATAGGTTCCGCAGAGGACTATGATTTTTTTGGGAAAAAAAATCCTCCAGGCTGCACG. Control RNA 5BSL3.2 (555 nt) was produced similarly using pGEM-T/5UTR-H2AE-5BSL-3UTR vector31 and specific primer (Stop_555: ACTTGATCTGCAGAGAGGCCAG and T7_555: TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCATGGACGACTGTACAAGTAATC). The template for producing the LMTV genomic RNA was obtained by cleavage of the XbaI site of pUC/LMTV-Gluc. The RNA was then obtained from 1 µg of DNA by in vitro transcription using the MEGAscript kit (Ambion). DNA templates were digested with DNase I for 15 min then precipitated after acidic phenol/chloroform extraction. HCV107-151 negative strand including the sequence corresponding to the inverse complementary of the T7 promoter was obtained from Eurofins Genomics SAS (GCAGCCTCCAGGACCCCCCCTCCCGGGTGTGCCATAGTGGTCTGCCCTATAG TGACTCGTATTA). One µg of HCV107-151 and 4 µg of portable promotor pT7 (CCTATAGTGACTCGTATTA) were incubated with 2 µl of the transcription buffer MEGAscript kit (Ambion) for 1 min at 95 °C and decrease to 30 °C for 30 min before adding the other components of the transcription kit and transcribed for 2 hours. DNA templates were digested with DNase I for 15 min then precipitated after acidic phenol/chloroform extraction. The purity and integrity of the RNAs were determined using capillary electrophoresis on a Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent).
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay
The assay was performed in a final volume of 25 µL containing 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 1 mM DTT, 5 mM MgCl2, 40 mM NaCl or KCl, 13.2 U RNasin (Promega), 0.5 mM each of the 3 NTP (ATP, CTP, GTP), 500 nM G4-ligand when indicated, 10 pmoles of RNA template, 8 pmoles of purified NS5B (purified as in22) and 2 µCi [3H]UTP (40 Ci/mmol). The reaction mixture was incubated for 10 min at 30 °C before addition of the purified NS5B for 2 h at 30 °C. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 10% trichloracetic acid (TCA) onto 20 µl of the mixture. The radioactivity incorporated into neo-synthesized RNA was then determined by scintillation counting and normalized according to the number of UTP contained in each template.
Cell culture and LMTV infection
Huh7 cells (25000 per well) were seeded in a 96-wells plate 24 hours before infection. Serial dilutions of G4 ligand or DMSO were added on the cells. Infection was then performed using supernatant containing LMTV particles. After 48 hours of culture, the GLuc activity from 4 µl of viral supernatant diluted in 1 µl of lysis buffer (Luciferase Cell Lysis Buffer, BioLabs) was measured using 30 µL of BioLux GLuc Substrate (BioLabs) and the VariosKan apparatus (ThermoScientific). Cytotoxicity analysis was performed in similar conditions without virus and measured with the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay System (Promega).
G4 prediction
The G4Hunter algorithm was used to predict putative G4 structures in the genome32. The mean of the scored nucleic acid sequence was computed for a sliding window arbitrary set at 25 nt. Only scores above 1.0 were taken into consideration.
G4Hunter software predicts G4 RNA formation in the 3′-end of the HCV negative strand
We used the in-house G4Hunter algorithm to search for G4 putative sequences in a FASTA alignment of 107 HCV genomes (+)RNA from the "HCV genome database" (www.hcv.lanl.gov). A G4-prone fragment of the FASTA alignment was detected. This G4 sequence is located in the stem-loop IIy' of the 3′-end of the (−)RNA (Fig. 1A, in red). Interestingly, despite the high genetic variability of HCV33, this sequence is highly conserved across 106 sequences from various HCV strains (Fig. 1B and Table 1). The four blocks of Gs are always present, with only slight differences in length and base composition of the middle linker that separates the second and third G4 stretches. The sequence CGGGAGGGGGGGTCCTGGAGGC (termed HCV110-131) was the most frequently identified and occurred 65 times among the 106 sequences. In addition, 5 different motifs with G4Hunter scores ranging from 1.4 to 1.77 were found in the 42 other sequences (Table 1). According to our experience with hundreds of sequences experimentally tested in our previous work32, all of these sequences are very likely to form a stable G4 in vitro. Interestingly, Quadparser would have failed to pick them as two of the G-blocks contain only two consecutive guanines. This could explain why G4 formation in this region was overlooked using classical algorithms.
Table 1 G4 prone sequences detected by G4hunter. Mutations as compared to the most frequently found motif (HCV110-131) are shown in bold/italic.
HCV110-131 sequence forms a G4 in vitro
To assess whether the G-rich conserved sequence is able to fold into G4, an RNA fragment corresponding to the HCV110-131 region was studied using several biophysical methods. The UV-melting profiles of HCV110-131 recorded at 295 nm revealed that the melting temperature strongly depended on the nature of the cation (Fig. 2A). A highly cooperative inverted transition with a melting temperature of 71 °C was observed in the presence of 100 mM KCl. In contrast, very weak transitions were observed in the presence of sodium and lithium. This demonstrates that this oligoribonucleotide forms a stable G4 structure only in the presence of potassium. The superimposition of the heating and cooling melting curves in potassium conditions suggests that the G4 structure is intramolecular, with fast kinetics of folding and unfolding.
Biophysical evidence of RNA G4 formation at the 3′end of HCV negative strand. (A) Melting profiles from HCV110-131 5′CGGGAGGGGGGGUCCUGGAGGC3′ recorded at 295 nm in the presence of 10 mM lithium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.0 at 22 °C, containing either 100 mM of KCl, NaCl or LiCl. The HCV110-131 oligonucleotide concentration was 2.5 µM. (B) Thermal differential spectra recorded in the presence of 10 mM lithium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.0, containing either 100 mM of KCl, NaCl or LiCl. The HCV110-131 oligonucleotide concentration was 2.5 µM. (C) 1H, 1D NMR spectrum recorded in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7, containing 70 mM KCl. The oligonucleotide concentration was 100 µM. D,E,F. FRET-melting assay recorded for f-HCV110-131-t RNA at 0.2 µM in 10 mM lithium cacodylate pH 7.2 containing 10 mM KCl and 10 mM LiCl. (D) FRET-melting in absence of ligand (white circles) or in the presence of 0.4 µM of ligand (blue circles, red square, blue square). For competition 3 µM and 10 µM of ds26 were added to the solution (red square and blue square). (E) FRET-melting in the absence of ligand (white circles) or in the presence of 0.4 µM of ligand (blue circles, red and blue squares). For competition 3 µM and 10 µM of HCV107-151 were added to the solution (red square and blue square). (F) Histogram representation of the stabilisation induced by PhenDC3 in absence of competitor (white) or in the presence of 3 µM (Cyan) or 10 µM (Blue) of competitor ds26 or HCV107-151.
TDS analysis confirmed the formation of a G-quadruplex, with a clear negative peak around 295 nm obtained in the presence of potassium. In contrast, the TDS spectra recorded with sodium or lithium cations displayed low intensity peaks at the G4 characteristic 295 nm wavelength (Fig. 2B). These data suggest that only a minor proportion, if any, of the oligonucleotide is able to form a G4 in sodium and lithium conditions.
NMR analysis confirmed the formation of a G-quadruplex, as shown by the imino proton NMR spectrum of HCV110-131 in potassium (Fig. 2C). Indeed, the detection of well-resolved imino proton peaks in the 11−12 ppm region indicates the presence of Hoogsteen type Hydrogen bonds known to be involved in the formation of G-tetrads.
To further support these results, we used Phen-DC3, a well-described G4 ligand34, to probe the formation of G4 structures. This bisquinolinium derivative (Fig. 1C) is highly specific for G-quadruplexes; it strongly binds to the G4 structures but weakly to duplexes35. We evaluated the ability of Phen-DC3 to interact with HCV110-131 G4 using the classical fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay32 with a 5′-FAM/3′-TAMRA labelled oligonucleotide (Fig. 2D,E). When the RNA G4 is in the folded state, FRET occurs between the two fluorophores while denaturation of the G4 upon heating abolishes the fluorescence energy transfer. The ligand-induced stabilisation of a folded G-quadruplex was determined by measuring the increase of the melting temperature (∆T1/2). In this test, a T1/2 of 70 °C was determined for the labelled sequence in the absence of ligand (Fig. 2D). This value is very close to that measured by circular dichroism (Fig. 2A). In the presence of 2 equivalents of Phen-DC3 the melting temperature of the G4 increased by 7.5 °C (Fig. 2D), in agreement with the circular dichroism melting experiments (Fig. S1B,C). Again, these results strongly argue in favour of the formation of a G4 structure by the G-rich sequence HCV110-131, which is stabilized by Phen-DC3. Then, we performed the same assay in the presence of 15 or 50 equivalents of a double-stranded DNA competitor (ds26) (Fig. 2D,F). As expected in this competition experiment, Phen-DC3 did not bind to the double-stranded DNA competitor since the T1/2 was not affected by increasing concentrations of this duplex (Fig. 2D,F). The melting profile of ds26 DNA duplex and HCV-110-131 are provided in Fig. S3. The melting temperatures of ds26 DNA duplex (≈72 °C) is higher than the one of HCV-110-131 (≈60 °C).
Finally, the HCV107-151 RNA hairpin sequence (Fig. S2) was also used as a competitor in the assay. This RNA corresponds to the nucleotides 107 to 151 and allows the formation of a stem loop structure surrounding the G-rich sequence. HCV107-151 did not compete with HCV110-131 for the binding to Phen-DC3 (Fig. 2E,F). Hence, Phen-DC3 compound does not bind the HCV110-131 G-rich sequence when embedded in a stem loop structure but only binds to this sequence when folded into a G4 structure. The melting profile of HCV107-151 (melting temperature around 68 °C) is shown in Fig. S3.
RNA dependent RNA synthesis by HCV RdRp is affected by RNA G4
Because this RNA G4 is located at the 3′-end of the (−)strand, which is the initiation site for the (+)strand replication by the RdRp, we investigated the putative role of this structure on RNA synthesis by HCV polymerase in vitro. To be active, the HCV polymerase requires the presence of cations. Only the NaCl and KCl were studied because the activity of the RdRp was inhibited by lithium cations (results not shown). The assay was first performed in the presence of 40 mM NaCl and corresponded to 100% activity. Figure 3A shows that when sodium cations were replaced by potassium cations known to stabilize G4 structures, the level of synthesis was decreased by 30%. In addition, the RNA synthesis was not significantly affected by the presence of KCl when using templates which did not contain any potential G4 such as the 5BSL3.2 RNA template (corresponding to the 3′-end of the (+)strand) or a primer-dependent elongation template (PolyrA-oligoU) (Fig. 3B).
RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. (A) RNA synthesis on the WT template. The RNA corresponding to the 157 last nucleotides (Fig. 1A) was used as template in the RdRp assays with 3H-UTP labelled nucleotide. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into the nucleic acids synthesized was measured after 2 hours at 30 °C and expressed as the mean and standard deviation of the ratio to the WT. The experiment was performed in the presence of 40 mM NaCl, 40 mM KCl, or 40 mM NaCl plus 0.5 µM PhenDC3. (B) 5BSL3.2 sequence or PolyrA RNA in the presence of oligo(U) primer were used as templates in the conditions described in A. (C) Comparison of RNA synthesis on WT and mutated template (MutG4). (D) MutG4 template was used in RNA synthesis assay as described in A. For each conditions: n > 3 independent experiments in duplicate/error bars, mean ± SEM. Student test: no indication if p > 0.05; **p < 0.0005 and ***p < 0.00005.
To confirm the presence of a G-quadruplex at the 3′-end of the (−)RNA of HCV genome, the effect of Phen-DC3 on the RNA synthesis was analysed. Phen-DC3 was mixed with the RNA template before adding HCV RdRp, then the level of RNA synthesis was measured (Fig. 3A). Phen-DC3 hampered RNA synthesis by 76% when the WT substrate was used as template. The polymerase activity was not significantly affected in the presence of 0.5 µM of ligand on 5BSL3.2 template and remained unchanged using polyrA-oligoU template (Fig. 3B). These data suggest that the G4 ligand was able to interact with G4 sequence present at the 3′-end of the negative strand of HCV RNA.
To demonstrate these results, mutations were introduced in the G-rich sequence of the template to abolish G4 formation. RNA synthesis on the resulting MutG4 template was decreased in comparison to the WT sequence (Fig. 3C). However, the RNA synthesis was not affected by the presence of potassium (Fig. 3D). Furthermore, addition of Phen-DC3 did not affect significantly the RNA synthesis on MutG4 in comparison to the WT template.
Altogether, these results show that the RNA synthesis of the WT template was reduced in the presence of potassium or with Phen-DC3, which both stabilize the RNA G4 structure. Thus, in the context of the 157 last nucleotides of the HCV (−)strand, the G-rich sequence can be structured in a G-quadruplex and its presence affects RNA synthesis.
G4 ligands inhibit HCV viral replication
Because Phen-DC3 can bind the 3′-end of the intermediate strand of RNA replication, we wondered if this ligand could also inhibit the viral life cycle. To address this question, Huh7 cells were infected with the WT virus (LMTV) in the presence of increasing concentrations of Phen-DC3. The virus used in the infection assay express the Gaussia luciferase protein in frame with viral polyprotein such that the level of luciferase was directly related to viral replication31. As showed in Fig. 4A, GLuc expression was inhibited by 60% with 1 µM of Phen-DC3. The toxicity of Phen-DC3 on Huh7 cells was then measured. No effect on cell viability was observed up to 5 µM of ligand, the highest concentration that was assayed (Fig. 4B). This indicated that the viral replication was reduced in the presence of the G4 ligand in conditions where the cell viability was not affected.
(A) G4 ligand activity on HCV replication. Serial dilutions of PhenDC3 (◊) or DMSO (□) were added on Huh7 cells which were then infected with LMTV-GLuc virus. The GLuc activity was measured after 48 hours of culture. The DMSO control corresponds to the DMSO percentage contained in each PhenDC3 concentration. (B) Cytotoxicity analysis of the ligand. Serial dilutions of PhenDC3 (◊) or DMSO (□) were added on Huh7 cells and analyse of cell viability was performed as described in Material and Methods. (n = 2 independent experiments in duplicate/error bars, mean ± SEM).
The G4Hunter algorithm identified the G-rich sequence (nt 110–131) located in the IIy' domain of the HCV 3′ (−)strand as a putative G4 forming sequence. Biophysical experiments confirmed that this RNA sequence could fold into a stable G4 structure. Mutations of this sequence were introduced within the last 157 nt to prevent G4 formation. Biochemical analysis confirmed these results by showing the effect of potassium and of the G4 ligand on the WT template but not the mutated sequence. We thus conclude that the G-rich sequence contained in the 157 last nucleotides of the HCV negative strand can form a G4 structure.
When we analysed the polymerase activity, the stabilisation of the structure by Phen-DC3 led to a decrease in the RNA synthesis. Yet the inhibition is observed on the template corresponding to the end of the HCV negative strand and not when using a synthetic template (polyrA) or a HCV RNA template without the G-rich sequence. This establishes that the polymerase enzymatic activity of the protein NS5B itself is not affected by the G4 ligand. The introduction of mutations in the G-rich sequence strongly affected the sensitivity to Phen-DC3 confirming the link between the inhibition and the formation of the G4 structure.
As mentioned in the Results section, the activity of the RdRp was reduced both when measured on (i) the MutG4 template where the G-rich sequence is mutated or (ii) on the WT template when the G4 is stabilized by the ligand or potassium. These surprising similar effects consisting in a decrease in the RNA synthesis raise the question of the requirement of an efficient dynamic between alternative structures for an optimal RNA synthesis (Fig. 5).
Schematic representation of alternative structures for an optimal RNA synthesis. The stem loop IIy' could be folded either into a G-quadruplex conformation (left) or in Watson-Crick duplex conformation (right).
The structure published previously by Schuster et al. and Smith et al.20,21, showed a stem-loop in the IIy' domain. The possibility of a G-quadruplex formation was not mentioned. In the structure proposed by Smith, G114 and G115 (in the middle of the IIy' domain) were sensitive to RNAse T1 while the opposite nucleotides in the stem U142 and C143 were sensitive to RNase A. This suggests that these nucleotides may not be always engaged in Watson-Crick interactions. In addition, in the Schuster's experiments, nucleotides G121,122,123 were slightly reactive to Pb2+ indicating that this region, at the bottom of the IIy' domain, could be engaged in an alternative structure such as a G-quadruplex. These two models are compatible with our findings and suggest that the IIy' domain in the (−)RNA strand of HCV could fold dynamically into mutually exclusive conformations, one being double-stranded as indicated by Smith and Schuster, the other organized into a G4 (Fig. 5). This structural dynamic could be essential for RdRp synthesis since mutation of G-rich sequence impeded its activity (Fig. 3B), while stabilisation of G4 by a known G4 ligand showed a similar effect. G-quadruplex is thus needed for RdRp synthesis but it has to be unstable enough for efficient RNA synthesis. How are these structures involved in the control of the virus replication remains to be investigated. Nevertheless, it is likely that the dynamic of this structure is needed for an efficient (+)strand RNA synthesis by the viral polymerase and this could constitute the basis of an efficient "quality control" for selecting the dynamically competent HCV (−)strand avoiding the replication of non-related or incomplete genomic RNA. We can expect RNA G4 to play an important role in the viral replication of RNA viruses as reported for DNA ones.
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
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Perrone, R. et al. A Dynamic G-Quadruplex Region Regulates the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Promoter. J. Med. Chem. 56, 6521–6530 (2013).
Amrane, S., Bedrat, A. & Mergny, J. L. Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of filovirus infections. WO2016142449 A1 (2015).
Krafčíková, P., Demkovičová, E. & Víglaský, V. Ebola virus derived G-quadruplexes: Thiazole orange interaction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA - Gen. Subj. 1861, 1321–1328 (2017).
Wang, S.-R. et al. Chemical Targeting of a G-Quadruplex RNA in the Ebola Virus L Gene. Cell Chem. Biol. 23, 1113–1122 (2016).
Fleming, A. M., Ding, Y., Alenko, A. & Burrows, C. J. Zika Virus Genomic RNA Possesses Conserved G-Quadruplexes Characteristic of the Flaviviridae Family. ACS Infect. Dis. 2, 674–681 (2016).
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Romero-López, C. Structure-function relationship in viral RNA genomes: The case of hepatitis C virus. World J. Med. Genet. 4, 6 (2014).
Schuster, C. et al. Secondary Structure of the 3′ Terminus of Hepatitis C Virus Minus-Strand RNA. J Virol 76, 8058–8068 (2002).
Smith, R. M., Walton, C. M., Wu, C. H. & Wu, G. Y. Secondary Structure and Hybridization Accessibility of Hepatitis C Virus 3′-Terminal Sequences. J Virol 76, 9563–9574 (2002).
Astier-Gin, T., Bellecave, P., Litvak, S. & Ventura, M. Template requirements and binding of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase during in vitro RNA synthesis from the 3′-end of virus minus-strand RNA. Febs J 272, 3872–86 (2005).
Friebe, P., Lohmann, V., Krieger, N. & Bartenschlager, R. Sequences in the 5′ Nontranslated Region of Hepatitis C Virus Required for RNA Replication. J Virol 75, 12047–12057 (2001).
Mahias, K. et al. Identification of a structural element of the hepatitis C virus minus strand RNA involved in the initiation of RNA synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 38, 4079–4091 (2010).
Binder, M. et al. Identification of determinants involved in initiation of hepatitis C virus RNA synthesis by using intergenotypic replicase chimeras. J Virol 81, 5270–5283 (2007).
Wang, L., Jeng, K.-S. & Lai, M. M. C. Poly(C)-binding protein 2 interacts with sequences required for viral replication in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) 5′ untranslated region and directs HCV RNA replication through circularizing the viral genome. J. Virol. 85, 7954–7964 (2011).
Wang, S.-R. et al. A highly conserved G-rich consensus sequence in hepatitis C virus core gene represents a new anti–hepatitis C target. Sci. Adv. 2 (2016).
Mergny, J.-L., Phan, A.-T. & Lacroix, L. Following G-quartet formation by UV-spectroscopy. FEBS Lett. 435, 74–78 (1998).
Mergny, J.-L, Li, J., Lacroix, L., Amrane, S. & Chaires, J. B. Thermal difference spectra: a specific signature for nucleic acid structures. Nucleic Acids Res. 33, e138–e138 (2005).
Masante, C. et al. Mutations of the SL2 dimerization sequence of the hepatitis C genome abrogate viral replication. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 3375–3385 (2015).
Renčiuk, D. et al. A FRET-based screening assay for nucleic acid ligands. Methods 57, 122–128 (2012).
Bedrat, A., Lacroix, L. & Mergny, J.-L. Re-evaluation of G-quadruplex propensity with G4Hunter. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, 1746–59 (2016).
De Cian, A., DeLemos, E., Mergny, J.-L., Teulade-Fichou, M.-P. & Monchaud, D. Highly Efficient G-Quadruplex Recognition by Bisquinolinium Compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 1856–1857 (2007).
De Rache, A. & Mergny, J.-L. Assessment of selectivity of G-quadruplex ligands via an optimised FRET melting assay. Biochimie 115, 194–202 (2015).
We thank Aurore Guédin and Estelle Morvan for helpful advice. This work has benefited from the facilities and expertise of UMS3033/US001, http://www.iecb.u-bordeaux.fr/index.php/fr/plateformestechnologiques and the Université de Bordeaux BSL3 facility (UMS3427/US05). This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le SIDA (ANRS), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and the Université de Bordeaux. This project was supported by grants from the SYMBIT project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000477) financed by the ERDF.
Univ Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5234, MFP laboratory, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
Chloé Jaubert, Michel Ventura & Marie-Line Andreola
Univ Bordeaux, ARNA laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
Amina Bedrat, Laura Bartolucci, Carmelo Di Primo, Jean-Louis Mergny & Samir Amrane
Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
Jean-Louis Mergny
Chloé Jaubert
Amina Bedrat
Laura Bartolucci
Carmelo Di Primo
Michel Ventura
Samir Amrane
Marie-Line Andreola
Conceived and designed the experiments: C.J., C.D.P., M.V., J.-L.M., S.A., M.-L.A. Performed the experiments: C.J., A.B., L.B., C.D.P., S.A. Analyzed the data: C.J., A.B., C.D.P., M.V., J.-L.M., S.A., M.-L.A. Wrote the paper: C.J., M.V., J.-L.M., S.A., M.-L.A.
Correspondence to Chloé Jaubert or Marie-Line Andreola.
Jaubert, C., Bedrat, A., Bartolucci, L. et al. RNA synthesis is modulated by G-quadruplex formation in Hepatitis C virus negative RNA strand. Sci Rep 8, 8120 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26582-3
Interaction of HnRNP F with the guanine-rich segments in viral antigenomic RNA enhances porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 replication
Aiguo Zhang
Yanting Sun
Yan Zhang
Virology Journal (2022)
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes in Egypt in first and second waves of infection
Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri
Abeer A. Bahnasy
Mohamed Abouelhoda
Scientific Reports (2021)
Characterization of a G-quadruplex from hepatitis B virus and its stabilization by binding TMPyP4, BRACO19 and PhenDC3
Orsolya Réka Molnár
András Végh
László Smeller
Stabilization of human telomeric RNA G-quadruplex by the water-compatible optically pure and biologically-active metallohelices
Jaroslav Malina
Viktor Brabec


As of our new version of Adveryday, now every new ads will have their expiration dates (from 2 to 12 mths).
The old ads will also be assigned with an expiration date. But how do we decide when is the expiration date for them?
We calculated these expiration date through the creation date of ads. The oldest existing ad will have an expiration date of 6 months, start from 3 Apr 2012. While the newest existing ad will have an expiration date of 18 months start from 3 Apr 2012. The existing ads that in between will be populated proportionally between the oldest and the newest existing ads accordingly.
Finally! A better, and user friendlier Adveryday is here! We present you the version 5.0.
First the browsing direction has been changed to left-to-right, as if you are reading a book. Not just this, the browsing interface is now even cleaner! Ads are loaded seamlessly from the previous loaded ads.
Ads will now only be faded off when you selected at least one option from the ad menu, and click away from it. A more intuitive approach.
This is a very important milestone for us. In the past ads are almost permanent, however we conclude that this is not very healthy for our contents. We need our content to be fresh and more up-to-date. This is why we introduced this feature.
Browse the ads at your finger tips anywhere anytime.
It's been a long silence in this blog again, and yes you are guessing it right, the author is a quiet guy, doesn't talk much.
All of us received spam mails everyday. These mails are mostly advertising emails that sent to you without your pre-authorization or approval. They are often being sent in bulk, and targeted mass population. People or companies who are sending these type of emails usually intend to gain business/income with less effort or within a short time. This is obviously illegal and less moral.
I cannot be sure that if this is a shortcut to bring profits. But if you are a legitimate company or you really want your business to grow, never try sending this type of emails. If people do not like the email content, the mails could be marked as spam by them manually. And if many people do this, it will certainly change how the client's mail filter behaves. The next time an email using the same domain or server is sent, the client mail server may automatically filter the email into spam mailbox. This doesn't not only affect the existing email recipients but also to the new recipients.
Remember, any type of email will be meaningless if they are being filtered and not seen by the recipients. Sending spam mails not only can cause this long term effect, but also defame reputation.
Automatically Pick the Category for Your Ad!
This is an idea that we have already came out for sometime, and now it is available!
When you are designing a New ad, the system will automatically pick a suitable category for your ad base on the ad content and keywords. If the system cannot tell which category the ad should belong to, the default "Everything else" will be selected.
Paid ads in Adveryday gives you different level of options to advertise, but they are all lead to this same purpose: drawing higher traffic to your ad.
As you might know by now, you could purchase a bigger size or a more distinct color, compare with other general ads, your ad is definitely easier to be looked up by users among search results. And bear in mind that your ad is permanently listed (unless you delete or unpublish them), what you have purchased will be effective and help you in your business for a very very long time. Unlike other ad sites, our ads never expired.
Now, does it sounds like a very good deal to you?
As many touch devices do not have compatible font as on PC or Mac, we have incorporate a new font for the ad text for your touch devices such as IPad, IPhone, or Android.
Thanks to the CSS3 feature (@font-face), now the text are even visible, and cleaner. We hope by implementing this new feature, we have just enhanced your pleasure of reading ads via mobile devices.


text:
Phygasia minuta es una especie de insecto coleóptero de la familia Chrysomelidae. Fue descrita en 2001 por Medvedev.

Referencias

minuta
Insectos descritos en 2001


text:
Autostrada A555 (niem. Bundesautobahn 555 (BAB 555) także Autobahn 555 (A555)) – autostrada w Niemczech przebiegająca  z północy na południe i łączy autostradę A4 z autostradą A565 i jednocześnie Kolonię z Bonn w Nadrenii Północnej-Westfalii.

A555 została zbudowana w latach 1929–1932, a otwarto ją 6 sierpnia 1932 r. Ponieważ była to pierwsza droga publiczna o ograniczonym dostępie oraz nie miała jednopoziomowych skrzyżowań, uważana jest za najstarszą spośród wszystkich niemieckich autostrad, mimo że do 1958 roku nie miała statusu autostrady. Do momentu rozbudowy do profilu sześciopasowego (po trzy pasy ruchu w każdą stronę) w latach 1964–1966 nie posiadała żadnej bariery między jezdniami.

Zobacz też
 Autostrady w Niemczech
 lista dróg krajowych w Niemczech

Uwagi

Przypisy

555


PhyPass - VIISA Portfolio Company aims to be the first company in ASEAN to launch Human Recognition and Behavior Understanding Platform for Physical World using AI.
We help our customers drive their business growth through visitor analytics via measuring the customer journey analysis and optimization in Physical World.
We build a system brings object detection and 3-D images together for player evaluations – benchmarking performance and gaining critical player insights e.g. football, soccer.
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We also have an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) which is an employee-owner program that provides our company's workforce with an ownership interest in the company.


text:
Home Culture Feature No crumb left behind: Kramer promotes food sustainability
Newsletter Recap
No crumb left behind: Kramer promotes food sustainability
By Madison Obermeyer
A worker operates a pulper machine in Kramer Dining Center in Manhattan, Kan. on Oct. 19, 2017. (Photo by April Aranda | Collegian Media Group)
Beyond the bustling stations at Kramer Dining Center, the noise of students is drowned out by the clinking clatter of the dish room where a cylindrical metal object sits at the end of the line, a destination for the grayish water racing toward white PVC pipes.
This is a machine called the pulper. While its polished metal exterior conceals its mechanical inner workings, the machine has a simple purpose: composting.
Missy Schrader, unit director of the Kramer Dining Center, said there are lots of different ways to approach handling food waste.
Similar to the garbage disposal in a kitchen sink, the pulper mashes plate waste, or food waste generated by the consumer, which is then collected in compost bins.
"The wasted food goes down a dish trough that has water," Schrader said. "This pulper sits at the end of the dish trough and grinds it all up, along with napkins and whatever else is compostable. It grinds it all up and takes this sludgy slurry and it sends it to another machine that pulls all the water out. You get this collection of what's called pulp, but it's kind of like wet dog food."
Schrader said almost all of the food served at Kramer is made from scratch, meaning the center receives ingredients like vegetables in whole form, requiring kitchen prep and subsequent kitchen waste from peelings and trimmings.
Winding deeper into the back of the dining center, a piece of paper taped to a sturdy metal door delineates a fill line on a replica of the Rubbermaid barrels.
Inside the room, a pungent scent sits like a mixture of freshly pressed juice and day-old food — the smell of the compost room.
Dull white Rubbermaid barrels crowd the right side of the room and another metal contraption dominates the left. This machine extracts the recycled water from the pulp, spitting out the ground mixture.
"The majority of the kitchen waste comes from vegetables because we don't trim our meats, they come in pre-trimmed," Schrader said. "So we have kitchen waste, and that kitchen waste is collected into compost bins … and we compost that two times a week."
The compost, Schrader said, is driven twice a week to compost piles at the Department of Agronomy's farm north of Bill Snyder Family Stadium.
Leftover food is collected and sent to the Flint Hills Breadbasket, Schrader said.
"Food that is prepared that the customer didn't consume that is left over, we either cool it down safely and then re-thermalize it and serve it out again, or if it is a product like french fries that you can't really cool down and have a good quality product, what we'll do is we'll send that to the Flint Hills Breadbasket," Schrader said.
Schrader said the pulper was put into the new Kramer project in place of a garbage disposal.
"With disposers, fresh water goes in them, they chop up food, and they send that pulp into the city waste stream," Schrader said. "Having a pulper machine instead of a garbage disposer recirculates the water so that you don't have fresh water going into it and then going down the drain. You save a lot in water and then you can still collect your pulp for compost."
The pulper, although a significant dollar investment, was not abnormally expensive when considering its purpose, Schrader said.
"We didn't have a pulper before, and we would save plate waste, but in our dish room we'd just take a plate and scrape it into a trash — sort of like school lunch — and then that would get sent to the compost pile," Schrader said. "This really reduces that volume tremendously. It definitely comes at a cost, but that was factored into the project."
The Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 presented Kansas State with an achievement award in 2013 for sustainable food management practices, according to K-State's Housing and Dining Services website.
Schrader said although K-State has not collectively put another campaign together, sustainability has not died down as an area of focus. Sustainability remained at the forefront of planning, especially when they decided to eliminate trays at Kramer.
"We really knew that would impact our food waste for the positive and we wanted to make sure the systems that we specified were tray-less systems," Schrader said. "The Derby still has trays. They would like to be tray-less, but unfortunately, the equipment that they have, you have to have a tray to move the plate."
Kramer not having trays has cut down on the amount of food people can take at one time, leading to cleaner plates hitting the dish belt, Schrader said.
"It is an effort to get up and walk back over to somewhere and get another plate," Schrader said. "You have to consciously think about doing it. Speaking for myself, I would unconsciously fill my tray and then I'd sit down and think, 'How am I going to eat all this?'"
Olivia Gassman, freshman in kinesiology, said most of the time she ended up throwing food away at the Derby Dining Center, but not having trays at Kramer helps prevent this.
"I kind of like not having a tray whenever I go to Kramer because I end up getting less food," Gassman said. "It's easier to carry more than one plate when you have a tray rather than trying to balance multiple plates with just your hands."
Schrader said she thinks going tray-less has contributed to students being a little more healthy since they are not taking as much food the first time through.
"They have to consciously make the decision to get up and get more food if they want it, versus the unconscious collection of bowls and beverages on your tray," Schrader said. "The fact that you could line up five, six cups on your tray — now [that] you pretty much just have two hands to collect with, most people only take one glass."
Mariana Cruz, freshman in civil engineering, said sometimes the food she receives at the dining centers isn't exactly what she expected and she has to throw it away.
"It just ends up getting wasted," Cruz said. "I know a lot of people feel pretty bad about not eating everything they get, but sometimes you just have to throw it away."
However, sending the food waste to be composted instead of letting it go straight to the trash is a really important step in practicing sustainability at K-State, Cruz said.
Schrader said efforts to prevent food waste start with the consumer.
"There is a psychology to food waste," Schrader said. "Using smaller bowls is one part, but also using smaller serving utensils sort of tricks the brain into thinking you need less because you've put in the same amount of work. We really try to minimize what we actually traditionally call waste, or what goes in the trash can and goes to a landfill."
Kramer Dining Center
Madison Obermeyer
Green Action Fund aims to improve sustainability through student-led innovation
OPINION: How to make your period eco-friendly
Swap it: Sustainability club promotes environmentally friendly clothing
Campus briefs
Chloe Creager - Mar 23, 2015


text:
A madagaszkári kakukkhéja (Aviceda madagascariensis) a madarak osztályának vágómadár-alakúak (Accipitriformes) rendjébe, ezen belül a vágómadárfélék (Accipitridae)  családjába és a  darázsölyvformák (Perninae) alcsaládjába tartozó faj.

Rendszerezése
A fajt Andrew Smith skót zoológus és ornitológus írta le 1834-ben, a Pernis nembe  Pernis Madagascariensis néven.

Előfordulása
Madagaszkár szigetén honos. Természetes élőhelyei a szubtrópusi és trópusi síkvidéki és hegyi esőerdők, száraz erdők, mangroveerdők, szavannák és cserjések, valamint ültetvények. Állandó, nem vonuló faj.

Megjelenése
Testhossza 45 centiméter, szárnyfesztávolsága 90-100 centiméter.

Természetvédelmi helyzete
Az elterjedési területe nagyon nagy, egyedszáma ugyan csökken, de még nem éri el a kritikus szintet. A Természetvédelmi Világszövetség Vörös listáján nem fenyegetett fajként szerepel.

Jegyzetek

Források

 Eol.org

További információk
 Képek az interneten a fajról
 Ibc.lynxeds.com

Aviceda
Madárfajok
Madagaszkár endemikus madarai


Kelman, Timothy and Ren, Jinchang and Marshall, Stephen (2011) Classification of chinese tea samples for food quality control using hyperspectral imaging. In: Hyperspectral Imaging Conference 2011, 2011-05-17 - 2011-05-18, University of Strathclyde.
This paper discusses classification of chinese tea samples for food quality control using hyperspectral imaging.


text:
Popularity Release date Lowest price Highest price Article description
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