Friendly coach Sam Murphy set up this running club two years ago. Each week they jog a different 3-5 mile route, usually including the beach. All ages and speeds take part.
Adult netball is fast growing in popularity across the UK. This club is for all ages and abilities. They meet weekly and run their own league.
Seaford & Blatchington Tennis Club has seven courts and a clubhouse with a bar and lounge. There is a resident coach and experienced players go on to compete in the Sussex leagues.
Joining an athletics club is a great way to get fit because the various exercises work every muscle group. Power down the 100m track and launch yourself over the high jump.
This is how the French fight. Shout En garde at the Sword Club in Crawley, one of the oldest fencing clubs in the UK. Their beginners course teaches the basics of the foil, epe and sabre weapons, as well as the famous side-stance footwork.
There isnt much that reduces a turkey-stuffed waistline as well as hooping. It tones your torso to an hourglass shape. Circus performer Chi Chi Revolver (who can hula with 30 hoops) runs fun courses for beginners.
Relish the pure unadulterated joy of jumping. Bounce up and down for an hour and a half a week at this weekly class. You dont need to take a child along as an excuse to have a go because this is an adult-only class.
Turn up the heat! Yoga sequences are practised in a hot room in order to soften muscles and thus prevent injury. This is a challenging, but rewarding weekly yoga class in a gorgeous rural setting.
Personal trainer Paul McCleery has designed this circuit training for people who hate the gym. Done indoors in winter and outdoors in summer, the fun group classes include a range of resistance and aerobic exercises.
Make the beautiful movements of tai chi at one of Mark Longs weekly classes. Tai chi is a martial art that involves serene flowing sequences; Mark also teaches the even gentler health exercises of Qi gong.
The Shaw Method teaches swimmers how to do breaststroke, back and crawl without any tension. This prevents strain, and allows freer movement. It is especially beneficial for those with neck or back pain.
The Scaravelli method teaches pupils to hold yoga postures without tension, thus preventing muscle strain and promoting relaxation. There is emphasis on breathing to aid stress release.
Joseph Pilates method teaches that the mind controls the muscles. The technique increases flexibility and strength (which is why it is loved by professional dancers) and burns fat.
If you want to get really fit, competing in triathlons is a great way to do so. The Mid Sussex Triathlon Club meets weekly for a two-hour run and swim training session, followed by a drink in the bar.
Learn to swing a punch at the Bognor Amateur Boxing Club. Immerse yourself in the world of fighting, learning the arts of self-discipline, intense training and fast, dancing feet. They also run a martial arts class.
Probably the most beautiful form of fighting in the world, Capoeira was developed by slaves in Brazil to look like dancing. It is a highly athletic martial art, performed to music.
Sprinting is sociable and great for fitness, building strong arms and legs and creating good posture. Train with sprinter Dan Brooker, who coaches all ages and levels, from Olympic hopefuls to mature amateurs.
Described as being akin to rugby on roller skates for women, roller derby is not for the faint hearted. The team must tackle the jammer (point scorer). This is a new sport, fast growing in popularity.
There is no better way to celebrate your femininity than the ancient art of bellydancing. Tone your waist, curve your body into beautiful shapes and have lots of fun at the same time.
Zumbas motto is ditch the workout, join the party. Attending one of these Latino classes is like dancing in a nightclub with friends. Each class is called a fitness-party and involves a sequence of salsa and merengue moves.
Ballet is not just for children. Adult ballet classes are more and more popular. Learn to pirouette and stand on point with ballet dancer Judy Breen.
Getting fit has never been this much fun. The Nia classes taught by Jo Davidson involve a blend of dance and martial arts moves, such as pretending to be a zulu warrior or an earth goddess. Barmy and brilliant. She also teaches in Hassocks.
Asha Kirkby, one of the UKs best skate teachers runs rollerblading lessons by the West Pier. She also offers rollerdance classes and will even teach you the moonwalk! Rollerskating is fun and great for coordination.
Disappear into the beautiful vast heathland of Ashdown Forest on horseback. The riding centre offers treks for beginners and experienced riders, so you can plod peacefully or canter at pace. The pub rides include a pub lunch.
Hone your spiderman skills at this indoor climbing club. The wall is 5.5m high and dotted with hand and foot holds that resemble the cracks and overhangs of real rock.
Use the safety of the Hove lagoon to develop your sailing skills and decide who is going to be skipper. Learn to sail a dinghy or a yacht competently before heading out into the big blue together.
Who is doing the pedalling!? Cycle in unison (thats the idea) on a tandem bike hired from the Seven Sisters Cycle Company.
Badminton is an aerobic sport that improves agility and coordination. If you want something more aggressive, the club also has squash courts.
HEALTH WARNING: Strenuous exercise should only be undertaken if you are fit and well. If beginning a new fitness regime, especially if you are overweight or havent exercised for a long time, please look after yourself and go slowly. Fitness takes time and is aided by rest and relaxation. If in doubt, see a doctor.


This flavor is LIP SAFE.
This balm smells like slightly minty strawberries (90% strawberry candy scent and 10% sweet mint after-scent). Delicious!
This balm is best used on your cuticles, skin around your nails, on your nails and UNDER your nails (this helps me a -lot- with peeling and nail strength), but can also be used on your hand, and elsewhere (please check flavors as to whether or not they are lip safe).
It absorbs quickly, and has a powdery afterfeel, so it is specifically made for cuticles, nails and fingers - fingers that you don't want to leave a greasy mark on things!
Indigo Bananas cuticle & nail balm is a high quality butter, oil & wax based balm that will result in softer skin, and healthier nails and cuticles! This balm absorbs quickly into your skin, has a mix of oils that are great for your skin, and leaves a powdery feel on your fingers in about 30 seconds - so you don't leave grease spots everywhere!
This recipe was developed after a year and a half of tinkering with various oils, butters and waxes. The ingredients in this include greasy and deeply penetrating butters, emollient (skin softening) butters, dryer oils, great occlusive (barrier forming) ingredients, oils with Vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, lecithin, as well as ingredients that have anti inflammatory and wound healing effects.
This particular formula was sent out to testers and used for a good 5-6 months and has held up well over the summers both in the northern hemisphere and the southern.
This balm absorbs quickly and leaves a powdery afterfeel, which also means that if you are in the habit of taking pictures of your manicures shortly after you apply balm, this balm will be less shiny than alternatives! So snap away!
* This balm is NOT vegan, as it contains both beeswax and lanolin. A vegan version is in the works sometime down the line.
* This balm contains SHEA BUTTER, which has a very small % naturally occurring latex in it. If you have latex allergies this may or may not be an allergen for you.
***contains no funny business with water soluble ingredients like honey or glycerin! If you see products sold elsewhere that contain these ingredients, but no emulsifier or preservative please be aware that such products will separate and likely breed wee beasties!
Items are shipped via USPS (First Class or Priority). A tracking number is provided for all orders automatically, sent to the e-mail on file with the order, once an order is processed. There may be a delay between order processing and package pickup/drop off as well as a lag in tracking information showing up. Generally first class and international tracking may not update at every point but Priority Mail does. Non USPS shipping methods do update properly. If you do not receive a tracking number after an order has shipped, or if tracking seems to be to the wrong part of the country please contact us asap.
Please allow up to 7 days for processing an order and dropping it off, occasionally a bit longer after sales or launches. Orders generally go out faster but exceptions do happen, as IB is a one person operation at the moment. Delivery time for first class packages within the US is 4-7 days, but delays are not unusual with first class packages. Tracking info for first class USPS packages is often NOT accurate nor is it updated at every step of the way, and unfortunately USPS does not guarantee full tracking on first class packages. Delivery updates on first class packages are guaranteed - just not scanning at every step along the way. If you require accurate tracking, please consider choosing Priority mail upgrades. Packages weighing over 16oz go priority as a matter of course. Packages qualifying for free shipping may go in separate first class packages.
Please let us know if the order has a deadline or is urgent in any way. Otherwise orders go out in around in the same processing speed as other orders. However priority mail packages usually get processed quickly at our local post office (same day), and they fully update tracking info at each step of the way. Delivery time for priority mail within the US is 2-3 days.
These generally go First Class and processing time follows the domestic First Class guidelines above. Delivery time for first class international is very irregular - anywhere from five days to twenty days is normal. Tracking info for first class international is VERY inconsistent and often not scanned immediately but only scanned at customs or entering the delivery country and upon delivery. Priority mail is more consistent with both delivery times and tracking.
If you need a package sent out asap please contact us ahead of time or shortly after placing an order! If the order is a gift, let us know (in order comments). USPS First class shipping transit time takes between 3-5 days within the US at the quickest and 6-14 days internationally once it enters the system - with possible customs delays. All packages have delivery confirmation but packages are not always immediately or consistently scanned on every part of their route. Please allow at least 10 days for US shipments and 25 days for international shipments before contacting us about missing packages.
Any changes or delays in shipping will be announced on the front page, on the Indigo Bananas Facebook page, and at the top of the Indigo Bananas Etsy shop.
We do not have standard gift wrapping options available at this time, but plan to have it as an addon in the store in the future.If you wish to have something gift wrapped, or if an order is a gift and you would like a receipt omitted please contact us as indigobananas@gmail.com.
We're sorry, but at this time we cannot offer refunds, only replacement - in the case of incorrect item shipped, damaged items, or lost packages. If an order has not shipped and you need something changed please contact us asap.
As with anything, exceptions can be made, so for any other issues, please contact us at indigobananas@gmail.com and we will do our best to help you!


Spent the whole day today at the Cherry Creek Art Festival. So much inspiration. So many creative people. And a free glass of water just when I needed one. Good day. The bunny picture above, though, I saw on the line when I got home and was looking up cool fabrics to make a fanny pouch ... so I can carry my phone and wallet around hands free at the next art festival! Yay!
Yep. I skipped last week. Was gonna blog on Tuesday. Didn't. Thought about making it up over the weekend. Didn't. I was too busy drawing. And drawing. And drawing. NOT being a sloth, like Sparky... How was that for a segue? Today at school I found myself in the library again. Go figure. And lapping up this book. Jenny Offill's words are lovely and sparse and Chris Appelhans' illustrations are subtle perfection. I should have my own copy in my mailbox by next Monday. You should too dear reader.
This weeks LOVE... Hotel Bruce. Ryan T. Higgins. Every page makes me laugh. I loved Mother Bruce too. And I rarely love the sequel better, butMr. Higgins has upped his already spot on game. The colors are so rich without being too splashy. Every character in is FUNNY! And I have to admit I am anxiously awaiting a third. Who else might want to move in with this curmudgeons old bear?


text:
Are some people better than others? You might wonder what kind of a question that is. On the one hand, there's no controversy—some people are smarter than others, some are more creative, some are stronger or faster, and some are kinder or more virtuous. So, if that's all we're asking, the answer is obvious. In certain respects and in particular domains, some people are clearly better than others.
But if we're asking whether some people are just better human beings in general, it becomes much harder to answer the question.
Looking back through history, it's easy to identify the greatest leaders, the most gifted artists and composers, the sharpest minds, the visionaries, the groundbreakers, the innovators, those who have truly contributed to human progress, individuals who have changed the course of history. In the non-controversial sense, these people are clearly more talented in their respective domains than the vast majority of people. The question then is, are they also just superior human beings? Are their lives worth more than the lives of others, and if so, what follows from this?
When Thomas Jefferson said, "All men are created equal," he didn't mean that we're all born with the same virtues or talents in life. He was not denying that obvious truth. But despite our natural differences, he believed our lives were of equal value. For Jefferson, all people should have the same rights and the same responsibilities as one another. In the moral sense, none could be superior or worth more than another.
But if we grant the obvious truth that we're not born with the same virtues and talents, then in a purely factual sense, we're not all equal. In which case, we must ask: why should we all be treated equally? Why should everyone be given the same opportunities, have access to the same resources, or be held to the same moral standards?
Take Picasso. (Or any famous artist? History is replete with similar examples!) He was a notorious philanderer who apparently treated the women in his life very badly. On the other hand, he is considered to be one of the greatest artists of all time. There's certainly no denying that he completely revolutionized modern art in the twentieth century. So, what should we think of his bad behavior? Do we cut him some slack because we think it's better to have a world with truly great artists like Picasso? Or do we hold him to the same standard as we would any other person who behaved in this way?
Simply put, the question is: does Picasso's artistic greatness excuse his moral failings?
If we're willing to cut Picasso some slack and tolerate his mistreatment of others, then we're opening the door to accepting a lot of bad behavior. Take any great artist, composer, writer, scientist, or leader…. basically anyone that belongs in that elite group of human beings who accomplish great things in life. Would we really want to say that their contributions to human progress are so great that they are permitted to cheat on their spouses, neglect their children, or otherwise act like selfish jerks?
You might disagree with Jefferson and think that the answer is yes. For greatness of any kind, there must be suffering. Unfortunately, it's often innocent bystanders who end up suffering the most, but there's no avoiding that, unless we are content to wallow in utter mediocrity as a species. If that's your view, then you'd probably like this line from William Faulker, who said, "If a writer has to rob his mother, he will not hesitate; the 'Ode to a Grecian Urn' is worth any number of old ladies."
Here's another quote you might like: "A thirst for knowledge is highly commendable, no matter what extreme pain or injury it may inflict upon others." It expresses a similar sentiment to Faulkner's line, but here's the big difference between the two. The second is a quote from Nathan Leopold of the infamous duo, Leopold and Loeb, who confessed to murdering a 14 year old boy—just for kicks—in 1924. Of course, Leopold and Loeb were not great artists or thinkers. They were entitled rich kids with delusions of grandeur who believed they were outside normal codes of behavior. However, they appealed to the same kind of elitist rhetoric we just rehearsed to justify their actions. They thought that they were the supermen that Nietzsche praised—beyond good and evil. They believed their inherent superiority justified their horrific crime.
So, if you think like Faulkner that a good poem is worth any number of old ladies, where do you draw the line? Of course, being a philanderer or a robber and being a murderer are vastly different things. We might be willing to overlook certain kinds of behavior but not others. Nevertheless, we still need to be able to say where that line is.
Take Steve Jobs, for example. He was notoriously rude, some might say downright abusive with his subordinates. He parked in handicapped spots, he stole others' ideas and passed them off as his own, and he ignored his family, particularly his eldest daughter, whom he abandoned. The picture we get is that he was a nasty piece of work, a ruthless egomaniac who felt completely justified in walking all over others to achieve his goals. He didn't murder any children (as far as I know), but his misdeeds certainly seem much greater than those of Picasso. So, if we tolerate a little infidelity but condemn murder, what do we do with the likes of Jobs? Do his achievements excuse his appalling behavior?
These questions are made all the more difficult when we try to articulate what greatness amounts to. While it's clear that there's a big difference between the achievements of someone like Jobs or Picasso and delusional murderers like Leopold and Loeb, reasonable people may still disagree. Being truly great and just thinking you're great are two very different things, sure. But who gets to decide what is genuinely great? And what if we value different kinds of achievement?
In the end, you may not give a toss what Jobs or Picasso or anybody else accomplished—there's simply no excuse for being a jerk.
Egalitarian principles play an important role in our moral and political discourse. Yet there's no doubt that some people are smarter, ...
Are you a tax-raising, soy latte-drinking, Prius-driving, New York Times-reading, Daily Show-watching, corporation-hating liberal?
What is virtue? Is virtue the key human happiness and flourishing, as the ancients held, or a quaint notion of at best secondary interest for ethics, as many modern theorists hold?
Race, Class, and Inequality
The concept of equality is as important to America's self-conception as it is confusing. What sort of equality?
The philosopher John Locke thought we had no innate ideas; our minds are blank slates, upon which experience writes.
Saturday, April 13, 2013 -- 5:00 PM
On a personal level, I find
On a personal level, I find the title of this article revolting. With that out of the way, no discussion or knowledge should be forbidden, but this type of discussion should be a completely moot point. On the whole, I don't trust society to be competent in assessing the capabilities I've displayed thus far as an individual, let alone the capabilities I have yet to display, and the same goes for my own competence in assessing others.
This article also seems to play with the idea that greatness is determined by genes, but that notion has yet to be validated in any significant way and has time and again been contradicted; what's more is that the idea that human potential stems from genes is completely arbitrary and has never served people in any meaningful way. In short, I *pity* the people who have bought into such limiting and abysmal ideas which lay on a shaky foundation and are wholly useless anyways.
If we stray from the idea that "all men are created equal", then we go at our own peril.
Thursday, October 17, 2013 -- 5:00 PM
You must realise there is a
You must realise there is a great difference between a Picasso (artist) and a Steve Jobs (businessman), a business man needs to ruthless, while Picasso is mostly by himself so he doesn't need to go to those extremes, but also all there so - called bad behaviour, could stem from the frustrations and inadequacies of the people around them.
Imagine being a genius around a bunch of fools, your tolerance of it eventually would wear down and you may, find a release, by treating people in a certain way ( which may not be deemed as right) ,but is a manifestation of all the frustration that they may have had, of being around "inferior" beings.
It also brings up the question what you value more, human progress, to a world where we live in peace as one people working for a greater cause, human progress ( where great people are need to lead teh way with the rest of the "inferior" accepting their place and fulfilling the duty to humanity as a whole), or a world were we are happy with individual "goodness and happiness" and we only care about our small little worlds, basically leaving the world in ignorance, where no human achievements would have ever been possible or ever achieved.
Plato's analogy of the cave can be used for this question, and also Aristotle's Virtue Ethics.
Gary M Washburn
Friday, August 21, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
A genius amongst fools is not
A genius amongst fools is not intemperate, but patient, like a teacher. Picasso was a hack, a talented technician but uninspired, merely gifted at presenting himself and his work as revolutionary when the only revolution in it is his hype of it. But the point is, is the quality of being human or talented or competent a determinate state or a dramatic issue that needs to be given every chance to show itself? Is it really true that there must be so clear a distinction between opportunities and outcomes? The fact of the matter is that most successful people in the world are really just lucky. They might bring something to the effect, but others denied the chance might have done as well. Do we have any responsibility to rectify this in our judgment of success or quality? People who believe in "salvation" have a problem, they have to explain the difference between those who are and are not "saved". We could claim predestiny, or that personal effort might prevail even over a dubious beginning. But this would make the job too hard or too easy, and cheat the believer of the right to divide the world while yet retaining a promise of a better outcome. The solution, of course, is an extrinsic factor such as the divine intercession believers call "grace". But what of those left out? The real issue is that there cannot be allowed to develop a system of judgment that cheats the unlucky of their deserved life. And, invariably, that is what any such system becomes. America is rife with such injustice, the very question raised here is part of it.
Before you go and measure
Before you go and measure others Laura, may I suggest you try to measure yourself. And once you find the measurement of self you will find the measurement is equal to everything not just everyone else. The light at the end of the tunnel, Socrates quest for truth, the unspeakable truth of the Eastern Masters, Adam and and Eve before they ate from the tree of knowledge, Dr. Kings Promised Land, the unifying equation Einstein died searching for, what men fight and die for, what the Civil (?) War was fought for, the quest is for the answer to your questions. Oneself is the answer to the questions you seek, the answer to everything. Science has proven Nature to be quantum mechanical probability at best. Beyond their and your uncertainty is the absolute, the truth!
Be One,
PS: The proof Laura is right here. =
Sunday, August 23, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
People are more difficult to
People are more difficult to work with than machines. And when you break a person, he can't be fixed
Judson Rogers
Great post, Laura! Lots to
Great post, Laura! Lots to think about in here.
First off, how do you define a good person? The metric's completely subjective, but I think a good one to use, generally, is this: how much suffering one either caused and allowed or alleviated and prevented in their lifetime for others. It's not original by any stretch of the imagination (paging Dr. Mill), but it's both qualitative and quantitative in terms of its measurement of impact. How much (directly or indirectly) did they cause someone to suffer, and how many people did they cause to suffer? Obversely, how much did their contributions alleviate or prevent suffering, and how many people did they help?
It's here we get into the swampy moral quandary of arbitrarily declaring someone to be "better" than others. In Picasso's case, yes, he absolutely treated the women in his life poorly. There's no excuse to be had in that realm for him, as he caused them to suffer and suffer deeply through his actions. But through his art, any number of lives could arguably have been improved in some small way by his work and the feeling it embodied and continues to exhibit.
Monday, August 24, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
Is the question whether some
Is the question whether some people don't get the recognition they deserve or whether those who get recognition deserve it? The point is, you don't have to be special or even want to be to be denied, precisely because some people get what they do not deserve and see to it others do not get what they do deserve. Doesn't this mean that the real question is how to get the undeserved out of the way of the deserved? Anyone who has tried to get around a biased system knows exactly what I mean. You don't have to be a genius or a human dynamo to be denied what you've earned. And there is really not a lot of difference between the intellectual who asks if some people are just better and the conservative who fulminates against "bleeding heart liberals" "giving 'them' what 'they' want." It's just the other side of the coin. It's a theme that has been kicking around since pre-literate kings had their images carved in great stone monuments. Usually it is the too well recognized as "better", or those who benefit from the injustice and dishonesty of it, who keep the theme prominent. Covert themes justifying prejudice is an ugly business. Let's talk instead about a more comprehensive idea of merit. How about Rawls's contrast between the 'maximin' and 'minimax'?
Tuesday, August 25, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
Or, Jude the Obscure?
Thursday, August 27, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
The Charmides of Plato
The Charmides of Plato expresses the question as a kind of headache that needs a charm to complete the cure. But what is the charm? It is not in the possession of the one we suppose is so charmed us we make him the exception to the ordinary state we all suffer. But does he take the charm with the cure? Or just give us all headaches?
The Kestrel's Eye
Saturday, September 5, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
Indeed, Mr. Sherman, I couldn
Indeed, Mr. Sherman, I couldn't agree more. It is just this kind of thinking that led to the birth and subsequent dominance of the Nazi Party in Europe, and which was used to justify its many heinous crimes against untold innocent millions prior to and during World War II.
Here, here! This particular
Here, here! This particular episode of Philosophy Talk was not just insulting to anyone capable of seeing beyond their nose, it was stupid and pointless. There is no absolute by which an objective decision can be made about the inherent worth of any individual human being. Once we postulate that there is, we are headed down a very short path to an elitist society in which any act can be justified by any arbitrarily chosen set of values which are convenient at that moment to the purposes of the elite. That Mr. Hurka can't seem to recognize this simple fact, proven over and over again by the history of human civilization, says a great deal to me about the nature of his intelligence. This was a pointless conversation, in that Mr Hurka's ideas can only be defended by tautological reasoning. Ultimately, it becomes a conversation about whether or not Mr Hurka gets to be King of the World. Surely we all could have found a better way to spend the hour?
I suggest (respectfully or
I suggest (respectfully or otherwise) that Mr Hurka hang out his Nazi flag and be done with it. An ethical (note, I did not say 'moral') society that works for everyone can not be established by this kind of thinking. There are no objective criteria by which the worth of an individual human being can be judged as "better" than another's. Clearly, however, based on what I heard of Mr Hurka's conversation during this program, Mr Hurka does not overly concern himself with such petty matters as ethical values and a world that works for all. Instead he makes a pretense of objectivity through intellectually massaging the idea that suffering can be justified by the noble deeds of the superior being. What a waste of air time.
Sunday, September 6, 2015 -- 5:00 PM
Some claim of personal virtue
Some claim of personal virtue has always been used by elites to justify injustice. Aristotle made a major point of the "nobility" of the upper classes and the ignominy of those capable only of servitude. In the Christian era it soon became a critical point of friction to explain the difference between the saved and the damned. Gnostics believed that if Christ could work miracles his followers should too. Arians insisted that as human Christ must be more like us than divine. Manes claimed that the barrier between the divine and the profane must be so hermetic that salvation and damnation must be predetermined. Pelagius claimed we could aspired to the divine nature through activities that tended to make us grow more akin to it. It all comes down to the issue of what person is, and how it can be that we are and know this entity so anomalous to the natural or divine order. Augustine invented the idea of grace, as a divine dispensation that enforces the hermetic seal between god and human but allows for an occasional penetration, always unilateral. The church ran with it. But it got so caught-up in straggles over who would run the world that the vexatious tensions implicit in the idea went neglected, and it became a commercial and very profitable product to sell "grace". Many unprisings against this marketing of divine favor came and went before Luther finally occasioned a breach in the church, but even he cannot really lay claim to the Reformation. It was Anne Boleyn who insisted upon that break with Rome that drove the Reformation forward. But her motive was a feudal concept of what person is. That concept bases all human intercourse upon the idea of a personal covenant. This was the basis of all feudal law, a relationship of "honor" between a titled lord and his knight to share in lands in return for fighting at his side. It was a relation of equals and of intimacy, not of abstract law. The institution of scripture in the vernacular made it possible to suppose such a relationship with the god itself. This became the paradigm of Protestantism. A feudal covenant directly with the divine. But theorists like Luther had a problem, how do you distinguish the saved from the damned? His solution was to note that some people are just always positive, facing the vicissitudes of life with good cheer, while most grumbled. And so, we distinguish the saved because "we just know". It's a kind of mania, the Greeks called it "thumos", a pathological condition from which we derive the world "enthusiasm". And so we divide the world between the manic and the depressed. It is certainly the American disease that you are not permitted to succeed in life unless you display "enthusiasm". The rest get the short end. And so who is "better"? The question rather highlights the mania that inspires it.
Karen222
I like your article, as it
I like your article, as it investigates the exact issue I should write my school paper on: Do achievements excuse any kind of generally unacceptable behavior? and it helps me find out where to start from. Basically it feels like being written by one of the professional writers from academic centers (more info here).
Zeneth Culture
Thursday, November 26, 2015 -- 4:00 PM
We as humans have
We as humans have imperfections. It is essential to always have a positive attitude and a slightly comic view to life. We are not created perfect, it's only a matter of choice how we bring our life all through out the wilderness whether good or bad in deeds.
Might as well we can help you guide to become a better person, feel free to connect with us.
https://www.zenethculture.com/life-and-your-numbers/
Friday, February 15, 2019 -- 6:37 AM
I like your question and your
I like your question and your article. I was asking myself this, just this morning... which is how I found this. I am a fan of engaging conversation, contemplation and truth. You are very much so right, from where I am looking: We are not all equally talented, skilled, so on. To think so is just ignorant, in the most genuine sense. You can just look at our bodies and behaviors and see that we are made differently. Nature does not care if you want to be born healthy with all four limbs and able to produce life-altering theories. Nature simply is and will be. But does that rob us of equal value? No. Love, consideration, kindness, unity, systemic need, and nature dictates... that we are all of equal value. The most revered leaders can see this with clarity, I theorize, as it is mandatory for wellness for all. We all have our place and purpose. I don't find that to be spiritual or religious - that is just nature. That is just us. I want to challenge your notion that we can't both support the good, beauty and wonder of Picasso... while simultaneously not approving of his mistreatment of the people in his life. In fact, we (as a collective) have *already* uplifted his art... and condemned some of his other personal, life choices. The book of public opinion has already been written on this (which you appear in agreement with) and influenced the perspective of all of us here. The collective of humanity is consistently expressing how we define ourselves and others - not just how we have or how we are going to, but how we DO and always will. We may draw back and return, like the tides, but what is, is.
sammy 555
Tuesday, January 14, 2020 -- 2:32 AM
We have to get past the
We have to get past the initial objection to Jefferson's "All men are created equal." baloney. Clearly, the man was not an idiot and he knew, as do we all, that "all men are decidedly unequal in almost every conceivable aspect."
So the question is, what was he trying to say, and why didn't he just "spit it out"?
In my opinion, he meant that all men should be (should have the right to be) treated equally by the law, and by the state (which is almost, but not quite, the same thing.) By the way, maybe an historical linguist could help me out here, but did he mean "all males" or "all people?" Given the day and age, it is not inconceivable that he meant the former.
The trouble with these flowery pronouncements is that people hang on to them like drowning "men" will clutch at straws ("freedom to bear arms" is another one) without really thinking about them. Maybe it's time to re-write the constitution, or at least translate it into modern English.
And if I may take the liberty of adding what I am sure most people (at least most liberals) would agree on, "and be afforded equal opportunities by all societal institutions."
So, I propose this re-wording of Jefferson: "All people have the right to be treated equally by the law and by the state and all people must be afforded equal opportunities by every societal institution and organization."
There! Now why didn't he think of that? lol
Have a nice day. (Nobody reads this blog anymore anyway!)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Boston Flower Show Preview Party – Come Join Me!
While I love the show, I don't like the enormous crowds, the hot hall or craning my neck to catch a glimpse of some of the exhibits.
Let me share with you how you can see the show – at its most fresh and at a leisurely pace – and help a very worthy cause!
On March 13th from 5:30pm to 8pm, there is a fundraising Preview Party at the Seaport World Trade Center for the 2012 Boston Flower & Garden Show. The proceeds from the Preview Party will help restore Boston Parks Department's Greenhouses, where plants are grown for the Public Garden, Boston Common, and dozens of neighborhood parks.
Special guests, entertainment, delightful food and beverage and a silent auction make this an exclusive and enjoyable opportunity to view the show's gardens and exhibits before the show opens to the general public the following day.
Tickets are $100 each before February 14, $125 per person thereafter. Ticket includes admission to the private party, exclusive viewing of the Flower Show's gardens and the chance to meet the designers, open bar, complimentary hor d'oeuvres reception, live music, and one ticket to return to the Flower Show later in the week.
Download a ticket order form today by visiting www.bostonflowershow.com/preview-party/.
I'll be there with my mom and husband smelling the roses! Hope to see you there!
This entry was posted in Flower Shows, Flowers and Plants, Places to Visit and tagged Boston Flower Show, Boston Parks Department. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Erickson, Worden Win Cabela's Masters Walleye Circuit Devils Lake Tournament, Presented by Lowrance Electronics
Taylor And McDonald Win Cabela's Masters Walleye Circuit St. Marys River Tournament Presented by Ranger Boats
Cabela's Masters Walleye Circuit Heads For Showdown At The Soo August 25-26, Presented by Ranger Boats
Cabela's Masters Walleye Circuit Heads For Showdown At The Soo August 25-26
Ponca City, Okla.—August 3, 2017—Two-person teams from across the Midwest and Canada will convene in historic Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, August 25-26 to enjoy great fishing and battle for thousands in cash and prizes at the Cabela's Masters Walleye Circuit's regular-season tournament presented by Ranger Boats.
Timed to coincide with the St. Marys River's legendary late-August walleye bite, the event will showcase the fishery's abundant walleye population. Competitors will have a virtually limitless selection of structure and presentational options. For example, top tactics during past MWC tournaments at the Soo include trolling spinners, drifting nightcrawlers and vertical jigging.
Teams will compete for thousands in cash and prizes. The Cabela's MWC's lucrative payouts are based on the number of teams entered in each event. Plus, the MWC Big Fish Pot, MWC option pot payouts, and sponsor bonuses including Ranger Cup, Lowrance Electronics, Okuma and AirWave add thousands more to the total. The first-place team will also win a $1,000 Cabela's National Team Championship Prize Package including paid 2018 NTC entry, travel stipend, team jerseys and plaques.
The two-day event is hosted by the Sault Ste. Marie Convention and Visitors Bureau, with launches and weigh-ins held at the Aune Osborn Boat Launch. Weigh-ins begin at 3 p.m. As a bonus to budding tournament fans, the Cabela's MWC and National Professional Anglers Association will present a Youth & Family Fishing Clinic immediately after the day-one weigh-in. The first 50 youths will receive rod-and-reel combos courtesy of the NPAA.
Teams fishing three or more MWC tournaments in 2017 also battle for coveted berths in the 2018 Cabela's MWC World Walleye Championship, set for October 2018 on Lake Michigan's Bays de Noc out of Escanaba, Michigan. Teams fishing at least four qualifiers compete for Team of the Year awards, including a $10,000 sponsorship package and thousands more in cash and Cabela's Cash cards, as well as fully paid entries into a full season of great walleye action.
As a bonus, Lowe Equipment Attachments offers all Cabela's MWC anglers a 25 percent discount off the MSRP on all its auger, trenching and grapple products in 2017 available through Midwest Attachments, LLC. For details, visit masterswalleyecircuit.com/tournaments/contingencies.
Under the umbrella of The Walleye Federation (TWF), the Cabela's MWC is open to avid walleye anglers from all walks of life. Deadline to register for the St. Marys River tournament is Monday, August 21 at 4 p.m. For complete details, visit masterswalleyecircuit.com.
The 2017 schedule includes seven qualifiers in five states on a diverse selection of rivers, inland lakes and Great Lakes fisheries representing North America's top walleye destinations.
Cabela's, the World's Foremost Outfitter for hunting, fishing and outdoor gear, is in its 16th season as title sponsor of the MWC. Official sponsors include: Lowe Equipment Attachments, Lowrance Electronics, Mercury Marine, Ranger Boats and The Walleye Federation. Associate sponsors include: AirWave Pedestals, Bagley Baits, Church Tackle, G-Juice, MotorGuide and Okuma. For more information, email info@masterswalleyecircuit.com, or call (580) 765-9031.
MastersWalleyeCircuit.com


text:
Decline Of Causality Thompson
That would cause a $44 million decline in state funding over two years. Some reductions can be handled through attrition, said Toni Thompson, associate superintendent of human resources. SAISD.
Wright Thompson reports on the secret history of Tiger. Photograph by John Huet. ALMOST 10 YEARS later, on the far western end of an island in the Bahamas, Tiger Woods is where he feels most.
of causality conveyed that intentional behavior could arise either from personal causation or from environmental causation (de-Charms, 1968). With personal causation, the person was the "or-igin" of his or her behavior as action emerged from an internal perceived locus of causality; with environmental causation…
The Company currently has 6 producing gas wells on the Thompson lease, and there are a number of offset locations which can be drilled. Wells drilled on the Thompson lease have identified 3 productive.
But a look at recent research on the U.S. steel industry shows that when it comes to the decline of American steel industry jobs, globalization and regulation had very little to do with it.
But after two years and you're still playing, studies show you'll be as good as you'd be as if you didn't rupture — factoring.
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. (NASDAQ:AAOI) Q2 2017 Earnings Conference Call August 3, 2017 4:30 PM ET Executives Stefan Murry – CFO and Chief Strategy Officer Maria Riley – Director, The Blueshirt.
Dec 28, 2012 · Classification of Adverse Drug Reactions There are several ways of classifying ADRs. The simplest one is that proposed by Rawlins and Thompson which was.
Liberal Arts Math Review Answers MGF1106 Liberal Arts Mathematics I Portfolio Chapter Review/Test Questions Chapter 1 p. 45 1, 2, 5, 12, 16, 17, 20a, b, c. Chapter 2. p. 82 4, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20, 29, 30 Welcome to Math for Liberal Arts DE! As you know, this course earns dual enrollment credit at Dabney S. Lancaster Community
Academia Para Padres Para Aprender Ingles Para cambiar a su hijo de su escuelas de vecindario a una escuela distinta, hay que entre los meses de noviembre, diciembre y enero. Puede hacerlo directamente en el distrito escolar o por Internet. Puede hacerlo directamente en el distrito escolar o por Internet. This week on Facebook Live, we spoke to James Blick, a
Apr 04, 2011 · Bee decline 'not caused by pesticides' By Tom Clarke Insecticides aren't to blame for the decline of Britain's bees, the Government's top bee scientist tells Channel 4 News.
Prior to the first independence referendum the pro-union cause was supported by the likes of Mike Myers, Emma Thompson, Susan.
Jun 26, 2010 · One possible cause of this symptom is that HD damages the brain's ability to regulate the amount of sex drive a person has. Another possible cause is that the delicate balance of hormones in the brain is disrupted by the progression of HD, causing changes in behaviors regulated by hormone levels. Most commonly, people with HD suffer from a decreased sex drive.
Thompson, though, argues that historians and others have missed an additional cause of Detroit's unraveling: the rise since the mid-1960s of aggressive policing in black neighborhoods, along with laws.
And how will his unique game age, whether alongside Steph Curry and Klay Thompson or elsewhere. the player to play a lot.
For example, lead hunting ammunition has been shown to cause significant mortality in these birds. about these threats so that we may never have to repeat the devastating decline of our national.
as a whole experienced a gradual decline in precipitation over the twentieth century. However, on smaller scalesandfortheparticularexampleofthePerthcatchmentarea,asuddendropinprecipitationaround1970is apparent. Modeling experiments at a convection-resolving resolution of 3.3km using the.
Mapping gray matter loss. The average percentage loss in patients is shown in the right four panels, and the significance of this loss is shown in the left four panels. Although severe temporal lobe loss ( T) and parietal loss have already occurred at baseline ( top) and subsequently continue (Fig.
"They're all pretty active groups," said Jody Thompson, assistant superintendent of schools. million members at its peak in the 1960s to less than 5 million today. The decline has included 1.
The military's decline didn't begin during the Obama years. Many GOP legislators are warning that the nation's accumulated debt of $20 trillion will cause budget calculations to go haywire if.
Great Zimbabwe was an important commercial and political center. In addition to being in the heart of an extensive commercial and trading network, the site was the center of a powerful political kingdom, which was under a central ruler for about 350 years (1100–1450 AD). The site is estimated to have contained perhaps 18,000 inhabitants, making it one of the largest cities of its day.
Applied Calculus For The Life And Social Sciences A poll from Gallup for the Business-Higher Education Forum shows that by 2021, 69 percent of employers expect to give preference to candidates with data science and analytics. The credential can. Liberal Arts Math Review Answers MGF1106 Liberal Arts Mathematics I Portfolio Chapter Review/Test Questions Chapter 1 p. 45 1, 2, 5, 12, 16, 17,
A Significant Correlation Does Not Indicate Causality Canon Law Promoter Of Justice Second, the 1917 and 1983 Codes of Canon Law are extremely important and. In the penal trial the Promoter of Justice is to present all the evidence, through. The canonists of Canon Law Professionals have many years of experience in all facets of canon law. Our experience is drawn from
Thompson, though, argues that historians and others have missed an additional cause of Detroit's unraveling. Bridge Magazine writer Bill McGraw previously worked at the Detroit Free Press for 32.
A Thompson Reuters consensus estimate predicted the company. Facebook CFO Dave Wehner cited GDPR as the cause of the decline of both DAUs and MAUs in Europe, "consistent with the outlook we gave on.
The Prodigal Prince: Richard Roberts and the Decline of the Oral Roberts Dynasty He was the heir to the televangelist's empire, but Richard Roberts soon disappeared from the university that his father founded.
Older examples include Edward Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1782) and Thomas Macaulay's The History of England (1848). A more recent example is EP Thompson.
demographic transition, Notestein's early formulation is conventionally accepted as classic. He was apparently unaware of Landry's work, and perhaps also of Thompson's. Perhaps, like Thompson himself, he did not initially think of his formulation as a theory.
But the late 20 th century decline of the manufacturing sector and the intensification. [iii] Blood in the Water, historian Heather Ann Thompson's Pulitizer-Prize winning book on the Attica prison.
With the quantification of life in bourgeois civilization came the "decline of all qualitative values. and gender as constituent features of class formation, Thompson's Romantic Marxism of the.
Feb 05, 2015 · Money continues to be the leading cause of stress for Americans, a new survey finds. Overall, stress in the United States is at a seven-year low, and average stress levels are declining, the.
Ananth Pandian: Somehow, Klay Thompson is indeed being overlooked. Playing with Stephen Curry has plenty of advantages, but the MVP's star power often causes some of his teammates. Some of that is.
Feb 05, 2015 · The biggest cause of stress in America today. By Dennis Thompson February 5, 2015 / 12:31 PM / HealthDay Money continues to be the leading cause of stress for Americans, a new survey.
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawning in the Thompson River, British Columbia, watershed. We found that the decline could be attributed to a declining trend in productivity likely related to changing ocean conditions, overfishing, and freshwater habitat alteration. Among individual watersheds, rates of decline in adult coho salmon abundance were cor-
It reflects the declining importance of both scale and scope and is driven by reductions in communications, logistics, and information processing costs — reductions stimulated if not caused by the introduction of computers and by our increasing ability to use.
"It may be a sign of things to come," Thompson said. "With shrinking acres, there's not enough product." Prunes have been on the decline in recent years and. were actually closer to 50 percent. The.
The water level in the Aral Sea started drastically decreasing from the 1960s onward. In normal conditions, the Aral Sea gets approximately one fifth of its water supply through rainfall, while the rest is delivered to it by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers.
Wells drilled on the Thompson lease have identified 3 productive horizons. Decline rates for natural gas production. The factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those.


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

Mrk~273 is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy with prominent
merging signatures. Fig.~1 shows our scanned POSS II J-band image
and a deep R-band image (Hibbard \& Yun 1999, kindly made available
to us by John Hibbard) of the Mrk~273 field.
These optical images reveal a long tail to the south and a faint plume
to the northeast.
The Very Large Array (VLA) continuum observations
revealed extremely extended radio lobes up to more than ~200 kpc
in length extending further along the tip of the southern optical
tail into southeast (Yun 1997;
Yun \& Hibbard 1999). VLA H\thinspace{\sc i} 21\,cm line
observations show extended atomic gas associated with the southern
optical tail as well (Hibbard \& Yun 1996, 1999).
Mrk~273 is also detected in the X-ray by ROSAT and
ASCA (Turner et al. 1993, 1997, 1998; Iwasawa 1998). ROSAT HRI image reveals
an X-ray companion source of comparable brightness as
Mrk~273, about $1\arcmin.3$ to the northeast of
Mrk~273. Xia et al. (1998) named this source Mrk~273x, and found an
optically faint source coincident with the X-ray position
(cf. Fig.~1 in Xia et al. 1998; the position is marked here
by `X' in Fig.~1a and is very prominently shown
in the deep R-band image in Fig.~1b). All these optical features are also
fairly prominent in the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) image of Mrk~273.

The core of Mrk~273 has been resolved into two compact components
in the radio and near-infrared (Condon et al. 1991; Majewski et al. 1993;
Knapen et al. 1997), which are believed to be the
double nuclei of the two progenitor galaxies involved in the merging
and at least one of them is a Seyfert 2 nucleus (Sargent 1972;
Asatrian et al. 1990).
Spectroscopic observations were carried out on the 2.16m telescope
at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) to secure the redshift
of Mrk~273x and the BAO spectrum indicates that an object
(thought to be Mrk~273x) at $z=0.0378$ was detected (Xia et al. 1998).
Since the signal-to-noise ratio of this
spectrum was low, further observations of Mrk~273x were performed
at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) for additional check.
The new spectrum turned out to be
different from the one obtained at BAO. Later examinations and
further spectroscopic observations show
that the object detected in the initial BAO spectrum was not Mrk~273x,
but an object about $20$\arcsec\, to the northeast of Mrk~273;
we will call this diffuse object Mrk~273D. The mis-identification
was caused by incorrect slit positioning in previous observation
at BAO (see Section 2).

In this paper, we present the WHT spectrum of Mrk\,273x and
new observations for Mrk\,273D performed
at BAO. In addition, we re-examine all the original data analyzed by Xia et al.
(1998). We find that both Mrk\,273x and Mrk\,273D have
intriguing properties. We show that the emission line
widths and line ratios of Mrk~273x resemble Seyfert 2
galaxies. Since Mrk~273x turns out to be a distant background source, its
X-ray and radio luminosities
are one of the highest among Seyfert 2 galaxies and
yet it has a very low neutral hydrogen column density.
Mrk~273D consists of diffuse clumps at the same redshift as the
ultraluminous galaxy Mrk~273 and has quite unusual
line ratios of [O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$\, and [N\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace$\lambda$6584/H$\alpha$. These ratios are not
easily produced by photoionization of O, B stars. We argue that
the emission line ratios are better explained by shock excitation with
precursors (Dopita \& Sutherland 1995).
The structure of the paper is as follows. In \S 2, we describe the WHT
observation for Mrk~273x and new observations for Mrk~273D at BAO. We
also explain the original observational setup at
BAO. In \S 3, we present the results of our spectral analysis.
In \S 4, we discuss the nature of Mrk~273x and Mrk~273D. And finally,
a brief summary of the main results is given in \S 5.
Throughout this paper, we use a Hubble constant of $H_0=50\,\rm km\,s^{-1} {\rm
Mpc}^{-1}$ and an Einstein-de Sitter ($\Omega_0=1$) cosmology.

\section{OBSERVATIONS AND DATA REDUCTION}

The observations carried out at BAO used a Zeiss
universal spectrograph mounted on the 2.16m telescope of BAO.
A Tektronix 1024x1024 CCD was used as the detector.
The original slit setup, for the BAO observation on April 12, 1997,
runs from the northeast to southwest passing through star S and
source D, is illustrated in Fig.~1a. The
slit was approximately $4\arcmin$ long and $4\arcsec$ wide.
This observational setup was intended to determine
the redshift for Mrk~273x (source X in Fig.~1a).
Unfortunately the slit missed the target due to a slight
error in the slit orientation. This occurred because
Mrk~273x was too faint to be seen on the TV monitor, so
the slit had to be rotated from an initial orientation
(which passed through the star `S' in Fig.~1a) by a prescribed angle
such that it would pass through Mrk\,273x. The amount
of rotation required was calculated from several bright objects
within the field. This technique of slit positioning
for faint sources had been successfully employed previously at BAO,
so no extra check was enforced in the initial observations reported
in Xia et al. (1998). In spite of the
incorrect rotation angle used, by coincidence, an
object other than star S was detected in the spectrum
and was (incorrectly) identified as Mrk\,273x.
Follow-up observations of Mrk\,273x
carried out at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at La Palma
however yielded spectra that are completely different from that
obtained at BAO (see below).

A re-examination of the long-slit spectrum obtained at BAO showed that
the object detected in the spectrum was separated from the star S
by 80$\arcsec$ rather than 20$\arcsec$, the actual angular
distance between Mrk~273x and the star S. From the angular
distance between the object detected in the BAO spectrum
and the star S, and from the fact that only two objects were seen in the
spectrum, we were able to reconstruct the slit orientation as shown in
Fig.~1a. This slit orientation is well-constrained: a little more
rotation to the southwest (anti-clockwise) the slit would enclose the
bright southern tail of Mrk~273, while slightly more rotation to the
opposition direction it would enclose no object other than the
star S. It turned out that the slit passed through some
bright clumps (source D in Fig.~1a),
about $20\arcsec$ to the nuclear region of Mrk~273 (Knapen et al. 1997).
While this slit re-construction seems convincing,
as a double check, Mrk\,273D was re-observed at
BAO on February 20, 1999 with a different slit setup. The new
observation yields a spectrum
nearly identical to the one published by Xia et al. (1998).
The slit setup was recorded with photographs, which
allowed us to determine the slit orientation reliably. This
new slit is approximately $4\arcmin$ long and $2.5\arcsec$
wide and runs nearly vertically (in the north--south direction passing
through stars S1 and S2) as shown in Fig.~1a.

Both the previous and the new BAO spectra cover a wavelength range
of 3500\AA\ to 8100\AA\ with a grating of 195\AA/mm and
a spectral resolution of 9.3\AA\ (2 pixels).
Wavelength calibration was carried out using an Fe-He-Ar lamp and
standard stars were observed to perform
flux calibrations. The wavelength calibration
accuracy is better than 1\AA.

Mrk~273x (source X in Fig. 1) was first observed on June 19, 1998
with the WHT. Since the resulting spectrum was different
from the one obtained earlier at BAO, another observation was attempted
at the WHT on June 26, 1998 which yielded spectrum identical to the one
obtained a week ago on June 19. Additional new spectrum for Mrk~273x
was also obtained using the BAO 2.16m telescope,
confirming the results from the WHT. The new BAO spectrum for Mrk~273x
is not presented here given its lower signal-to-noise ratio. The
WHT spectra were obtained using the double spectrograph ISIS.
The CCD detector used at the Blue and Red Arm was respectively an
EEV chip of 2148$\times$4200 pixels with a 13.5$\mu$m pixel size and
a Tek chip of 1124$\times$1124 pixels with a 24$\mu$m pixel size.
At the Blue Arm, a grating of 64{\AA}/mm centered at 4583{\AA}
yielded a useful wavelength coverage from 3200--5300\AA. The violet end
of the blue spectra was cut off by the atmosphere and by instrumental
optics, while the red end was blocked out by the dichroic which had
a half-power crossover wavelength of 5300{\AA}. For the Red Arm,
a grating of 158{\AA}/mm dispersion covered the wavelength range
5300--8270{\AA}. Three 2400s narrow-slit (0.8\arcsec) exposures and one 1800s
wide-slit spectra (6\arcsec) were obtained
for each Arm. The
full width at half maximum (FWHM) spectral
resolution was 6.2{\AA} for the Red Arm and 3.28{\AA} for the Blue
Arm, respectively. Wavelength calibration was
carried out using an Ar-Ne lamp; the resulting wavelength accuracy is
about 0.2\AA. The spectra were flux-calibrated using observations of
the standard star BD\,+33$^{\rm o}$\,2642.

All the optical spectral data reduction was performed at BAO
using IRAF packages.
The CCD data reduction includes standard procedures such as
bias subtraction, flat fielding and cosmic ray removal.
The measurements of emission lines were performed under
the IRAF environment using tasks ``splot'' and ``ngaussfit''.

\section{RESULTS}

\subsection{The Optical and X-ray Properties of Mrk\thinspace273x}

We first show the WHT optical spectrum for Mrk~273x in Fig.~2. The spectrum
combines both the Red and Blue Arm data.  [O\thinspace{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda\lambda$4959,\thinspace5007, H$\beta$, [O\thinspace{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$4363,
H$\gamma$, [Ne\thinspace{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$3869, [O\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace$\lambda$3727\ and Mg\,{\sc ii} $\lambda\lambda$2796, 2803
emission lines are all convincingly detected.
The redshift determined from these emission lines is 0.458.
The measured fluxes for the identified lines are listed
in Table~1. All detected lines have a FWHM
of about $600\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$. The optical
B and R magnitudes for Mrk~273x are respectively about 20.8 and 19.6
from the USNO-A1.0 catalog (Monet 1996). The absolute magnitude
of Mrk~273x is therefore $M_B=-21.6$, comparable to
$L^\star$ in the Schechter luminosity function of galaxies (e.g., Lin
et al. 1996). This luminosity includes the contribution from both
the central active galactic nucleus (AGN, see below) and the host
galaxy. In the short {\it Hubble Space Telescope (HST)} Wide Field
Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) snapshot image, the underlying galaxy
is visible but its outer faint contours are not well-detected.  From
the deep R-band image (shown here in Fig.~1b)
of Hibbard \& Yun (1999), the AGN nucleus and the host galaxy
seem to contribute comparable amount of light.

As reported in Xia et al. (1998), Mrk~273x is also luminous in
the soft X-ray (0.1--2.4 keV) band. The soft X-ray flux is
$f_{\rm X} = 1.1 \times 10^{-13}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1} {\rm cm}^{-2}$, corresponding to
an X-ray luminosity of $L_{\rm X} \approx 1.1 \times 10^{44}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$.
The soft X-ray spectrum of Mrk~273x is well-fitted by a power-law,
with a photon index of $-1.98$, a value typical for Seyfert 2
galaxies. Spectral fitting yielded a neutral hydrogen column density of
$N_{\rm H}=(4.3\pm 2.2) \times 10^{20}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$.

Mrk~273x is also detected at the VLA 21 cm continuum observations
and appears to be consistent with a point-like source
(Yun 1997; Yun \& Hibbard 1999).
At this high redshift, Mrk~273x falls into the class of powerful
radio sources with $L_{\rm 1.37 GHz} \approx 2.0 \times 10^{40} \rm erg\,s^{-1}$.
This single property sets Mrk~273x into categories of AGNs, QSOs,
and starbursts and radio galaxies rather than normal galaxies.

The high X-ray luminosity, strong radio emission and the emission
line widths (FWHM $\approx 600 \rm km\,s^{-1}$) of Mrk~273x imply that the
main energy output mechanism is AGN, and Mrk~273x may be either
a narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy (Osterbrock \& Pogge 1985)
or a Seyfert 2 galaxy from the relatively
narrow emission lines. Below we explore each possibility in turn.

NLS1s are defined as Seyfert galaxies which have FWHM for
the H$\beta$~line in the range of 500-2000 $\rm km\,s^{-1}$ and with
[O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$$<$3. Mrk~273x does not satisfy the second criterion since
the ratio of the [O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$\ is about 6. Furthermore,
Mrk~273x does not show prominent Fe II emission lines, which are strong
in most (but not all) NLS1 galaxies.
Also, the soft X-ray spectrum is well fitted by power-law with a photon
index $-1.98$ (Xia et al. 1998) and is not as steep as
most NLS1s. Hence, Mrk~273x does not
fit in the definition of NLS1 galaxies.

The relatively narrow Balmer and forbidden lines and
the line ratios of [O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$\ $\sim 6$ are consistent with
Mrk~273x being a Seyfert 2 galaxy.
Turner et al. (1997, 1998) and Polletta et al. (1996) presented catalogs
for several tens of Seyfert 2 galaxies. In their catalogs, the
soft X-ray luminosity for all but a few listed Seyfert 2 galaxies
are less than $10^{44}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$ and the $N_{\rm H}$ value is larger than
$10^{21}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$.
The combination of a low $N_{\rm H}$ value together with powerful X-ray emission
($L_{\rm X}\approx 1.1 \times 10^{44} \rm erg\,s^{-1}$) is therefore
rare among Seyfert 2 galaxies. This peculiarity
is also supported by its quite high radio luminosity and
multi-wavelength observations of Mrk~273x.
The flux ratios of Mrk273x in the soft X-ray, B-band,
and radio are $f_{\rm X}:f_{\rm B}:f_{\rm 1.37GHZ}=7:1:1.3 \times 10^{-3}$;
such a spectral energy distribution is rarely seen in any other AGNs
(see Xia et al. 1998 for more discussions). Furthermore, the low $N_{\rm H}$ value
is not expected in the unified scheme of AGNs (e.g., Dopita 1997 and
references therein). In this picture,
the broad-line regions of Seyfert 2 galaxies are postulated to be
obscured by a thick torus of gas and dust, which presumably gives rise to
high $N_{\rm H}$ values.

To summarize, the optical emission line properties, the powerful X-ray
and radio emission and the low neutral hydrogen absorption indicate that
Mrk~273x is a rare source that may
provide a test of the unified picture of AGNs.

\subsection{Diffuse Clumps In the Tidal Plume of Mrk~273}

The diffuse clumps (Mrk~273D, labeled as source D in Fig.~1a) are
clearly seen in the J-film copy of POSS II and in the DSS image, but
they are visible neither in the near-infrared (e.g., Smith et al. 1996),
most R-band images (e.g., Yun \& Scoville 1995; Mazzarella \& Boroson 1993),
nor in the HST WFPC2 F814 snapshot image,
suggesting that they have quite blue colors. Only the deep
R-band image shown in Fig.~1b (Hibbard \& Yun 1999) reveals
some patches in the northeast plume corresponding to these dense knots.
We extracted the BAO spectra for the diffuse clumps in Fig.~1a
using an aperture window
size of 4\arcsec$\times$ 17\arcsec\, for the observation on April 12,
1997 and 2.5\arcsec$\times$ 17\arcsec\, for the observation
on February 20, 1999. These aperture windows are indicated as
the rectangles in Fig.~1a.
The spectra are shown in Fig.~3 and the emission line fluxes
are listed in Table~1. The old and new spectra are similar. The
continuum is somewhat higher in the Feb. 20, 1999 observation.
The difference may be real, as the two slits sampled
slightly different regions, although the possibility of
calibration uncertainties cannot be completely ruled out.
The emission line ratios are very similar from both spectra.
The redshift for Mrk~273D determined from the emission lines
is the same as Mrk~273 ($z=0.0376$). Therefore
these clumps are physically associated with the major merger process
of Mrk~273. Yun \& Scoville (1995) suggest
that Mrk~273 is the merging product of
a nearly edge-on gas-rich spiral and another more face-on spiral.
The tidal plume in the northeast is from the face-on
progenitor. So the physical association of Mrk 273d with Mrk 273 is
expected.

It is clear from Fig.~3 and Table~1 that
the continuum emission from Mrk~273D is very weak and the [O\thinspace{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda\lambda$4959,\thinspace5007\
lines are strong compared to H$\beta$. More specifically, from the
observation on April 12, 1997,
the line ratio of the [O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007\ to H$\beta$\, is $18.6^{+9.5}_{-4.9}$,
while the line ratio of the [N\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace$\lambda$6584\ to H$\alpha$\ is $0.34\pm 0.1$
(the error bars are 1$\sigma$ values). For the new observation,
the ratio of the [O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007\ line to H$\beta$\, is $18.9^{+13}_{-5.7}$
while the ratio of [N\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace$\lambda$6584\ line to H$\alpha$\ is  $0.3\pm 0.1$.
Note that these two line ratios
are little affected by dust extinction since the two lines involved
in the ratios are quite close in wavelength.
Fig.~4 shows the standard diagnistic diagram of [O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$\ versus
[N\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace$\lambda$6584/H$\alpha$\ (Osterbrock 1989) for emission line galaxies.
The HII, LINER and Seyfert galaxies occupy different regions in this diagram.
For HII regions photoionized by O, B stars,
$[{\rm O}\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace\lambda5007/{\rm H}\beta < 5$ for
$[{\rm N}\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace\lambda6584/{\rm H}\alpha
\approx 0.3-0.4$ (see also Fig.~12.1 in Osterbrock 1989). The
[O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$\, ratio of Mrk 273D is clearly much higher
than those typically found for photoionized H~{\sc ii} regions.
In fact, Mrk 273D is clearly located in the region occupied by
Seyfert 2 galaxies. The [O\thinspace{\sc i}]\thinspace$\lambda$6300/H$\alpha$\ and [S\thinspace{\sc ii}]\thinspace$\lambda$6716,6731/H$\alpha$\, line ratios of
Mrk 273D are also located in the Seyfert 2 region (cf. Fig.~12.2,
12.3, Osterbrock 1989 and more discussions in Xia et al. 1998).
To achieve these Seyfert 2 like line ratios,
the ionization source must be harder than the radiation provided
by young massive stars.
Mrk~273D is, however, obviously not an AGN
given its diffuse morphology.
We discuss further the mechanism of line excitations
in Mrk~273D in \S 4.2.

\section{DISCUSSION}

\subsection{Mrk~273x: an Unusual Seyfert 2 Galaxy}

Mrk~273x is a background object in the Mrk~273 field; it is at a much
higher redshift ($z=0.458$) than Mrk~273 which has a redshift of
0.0376. It is interesting to note that
the X-ray companions of three nearest ultraluminous IRAS galaxies
(Arp~220, Mrk~273 and Mrk~231) are all background sources and
are therefore not physically associated with the mergers themselves
(cf. Xia et al. 1998). Mrk~273x has AGN characteristics both optically
and in the soft X-ray together with a high radio luminosity.
The narrow emission
lines and various line ratios are consistent with it being a Seyfert
2 galaxy. Its soft X-ray luminosity is one of the highest among
Seyfert 2 galaxies with a low neutral hydrogen column density.
Although many well known nearby Seyferts (including Mrk~273 itself)
also host an energetically significant starburst, the low neutral hydrogen
column density of $N_{\rm H} \approx 4.4\times 10^{20}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$
appears to exclude the possibility of Mrk~273x being a dusty luminous
starburst galaxy.
These observational facts show that Mrk~273x is an unusual Seyfert 2
galaxy that is not easy to explain using the unified scheme of AGNs.

Xia et al. (1998) examined the time variability of Mrk~273x
using the ROSAT data taken in May and June 1992. While Mrk~273x is fainter
than Mrk~273 by about 20\% in the ROSAT PSPC image, it is almost as
bright as Mrk~273 in the ROSAT HRI image. A $\chi^2$ test however
reveals that these changes are not statistically significant
in the ROSAT data. From
the 0.5-2 keV image of SIS on board ASCA, Iwasawa (1998) found that
Mrk~273x is at most 40 percent as bright as Mrk~273 on
Dec. 27, 1994. Since Mrk~273 is not known to vary
in the soft X-ray, these multi-epoch observations imply that
Mrk~273x has faded by a factor of 2 in two and a half years.
Cycle 1 AXAF observations are planned to obtain a high-resolution map of
Mrk~273x and Mrk~273. These
observations will provide further insights on their
X-ray variability, higher energy behaviors and
spatial distribution of the X-ray emissions.

\subsection{The Excitation Mechanism of Mrk~273D}

The diffuse clumps in Mrk~273D in the northeast plume could directly come from
the extreme outer regions of the face-on progenitor.
It is also possible that Mrk~273D was formed in the major merger process.
This patchy object is unlikely to
be a self-gravitating (tidal) dwarf galaxy since
they are usually found far from the interacting
parent galaxies and their spectra resemble typical photoionized
H~{\sc ii} regions (e.g., Duc \& Mirabel 1997). Furthermore, clumps
formed close to the merger is liable to tidal disruption
once they fall back to the merger. (However, some observations
indicate that clumps close to the merging pair do exist, e.g.,
H~{\sc ii} regions in the NGC~4676A tail, Hibbard \& van Gorkom 1996.)
In contrast, Mrk~273D is very close to ($\sim 20$ kpc in projected
distance from)
the main merging nuclei, and its spectrum differs significantly
from photoionized H~{\sc ii} regions.

Although the spectrum of Mrk~273D resembles that of a Seyfert 2
galaxy,  its diffuse morphology suggests that it is not a (dwarf) AGN.
In fact, the spectrum of Mrk~273D is very similar
to that of the soft X-ray nebula to the north of Mrk~266 (cf. Fig.~5
in Kollatschny \& Kowatsch 1998).
As pointed out by these authors, the $V-R$ color
($0.5\pm 0.1$) of the northern component is exceptionally blue due to the
intense [O\thinspace{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda\lambda$4959,\thinspace5007\ line emission.  The diffuse gas
clumps in Mrk~273D are also very blue, since
they are only seen in the B-band, but not in other bands redder than R.
The blue color of Mrk~273D is also due to the continuum being
dominated by the [O\thinspace{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda\lambda$4959,\thinspace5007\ line emission (cf. Fig.~3).
The spectrum of Mrk~273D is also similar to
the average spectrum of the northwest cone of
NGC~2992 (cf. Fig.~3a in Allen et al. 1999)
and the spectrum of diffuse ionized gas in NGC~891 (Rand 1997, 1998).
As discussed by these authors, the likely excitation mechanism
for these peculiar spectra is the shock plus precursor model
(Dopita \& Sutherland 1995). For a fast shock
with velocity of several hundred $\rm km\,s^{-1}$, copious
UV photons are produced in the shock front, which can in turn excite
the gas of H~{\sc ii} regions in front of the shock,
thus producing radiative precursors. The hardness of the UV radiation
(shock temperature) depends on the velocity of the shock wave,
and with suitable parameters,
this scenario can produce the line ratios as seen in Mrk~273D (cf.
Fig.~2a in Dopita \& Sutherland 1995).

It is believed that starbursts can drive radial
outflows (Wang, Heckman \& Weaver 1997).
There is some evidence that such outflows (superwinds) indeed exist
in several ultraluminous IRAS galaxies
out to tens of kpc with velocities of a few hundred
to 1000 $\rm km\,s^{-1}$, e.g., in NGC~6240, Arp~299, Arp~220
(Heckman et al. 1987, 1990, 1996, 1999;
Schulz et al. 1997; Wang et al. 1997). Since
Mrk~273 is also a major merger ultraluminous infrared galaxy and has extended
soft X-ray emission and H\,{\sc i} nebula, it is conceivable that such
an outflow exists in Mrk~273. In this regard,
Mrk~266 is also a candidate since it is a luminous infrared
merging galaxy with double nuclei ($\sim 7$ kpc in projected separation) and
very extended (about 150 kpc) soft X-ray nebula.

These observations suggest
that the shock+precursor emission may be a common mechanism
to excite gaseous nebulae in luminous infrared merging galaxies,
in addition to the O, B star photoionization and AGN excitation.
Wu et al. (1998) showed that many observed
ultraluminous IRAS galaxies have
mixture types in different line ratio diagnostic diagrams.
Goncalves et al. (1998) also suggested that most emission line galaxies with
the so-called transition spectrum
have composite spectra with simultaneous presence of Seyfert, LINER
and H~{\sc ii} region contributions. Perhaps
these objects are not only just a mixture of AGN and
photoionized starburst regions (Genzel et al. 1998), they may
also contain shock+precursor regions, as
seen in Mrk~273D and the northern nebula of Mrk~266.
This also provides a caution: a Seyfert 2 like spectrum
in high-redshift luminous infrared galaxies does not
necessarily mean the presence of AGNs at their centers,
instead such a spectrum could be induced by the shock+precursor excitation
in the gas clumps in the mergers.

\section{SUMMARY}

We have presented optical spectroscopic observations for the X-ray companion
source and the blue diffuse clumps in the northeast
tidal debris surrounding the ultraluminous galaxy Mrk~273.
Their peculiar properties are
discussed and explored together with soft X-ray and radio
observations available. We summarize below the main
points we have presented and addressed in this paper.

Mrk~273x, the X-ray companion $1\arcmin.3$ to the northeast of the
ultraluminous galaxy Mrk~273, is a background
source at $z=0.458$. Its redshift
is much higher than the redshift ($z=0.0376$) of Mrk~273.
The soft X-ray spectrum for Mrk~273x is typical of Seyfert 2 galaxies.
The X-ray luminosity of Mrk~273x is exceptionally high for
a Seyfert 2 galaxy, $L_{\rm x}\approx 1.1\times 10^{44}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$. Spectral
fitting gives a low neutral hydrogen column density,
$N_{\rm H} \approx 4.4\times 10^{20}$\,cm$^{-2}$.
All the optical emission lines detected for Mrk~273x have a similar FWHM
of $\approx 600$\,km\,s$^{-1}$ and the
[O\,{\sc iii}]\thinspace$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$\, ratio is about 6, again typical for Seyfert 2 galaxies.
Mrk~273x is also a powerful radio source with a radio luminosity
$L_{\rm 1.37 GHz}\approx 2.0\times 10^{40}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$. This adds more
peculiarities to this energetically unusual Seyfert 2 galaxy.

The optical knots Mrk~273D in the northeast tidal tail/plume $\sim 20$ kpc
(projected) from the nuclear region of Mrk~273 is at the same redshift
as that of Mrk~273. They are diffuse gas clumps physically associated
with the major merger. The spectrum of Mrk~237D is
dominated by strong emission from the [O~{\sc iii}] doublet.
The strong line emission gives rise to
the blue color of this object. The [O~{\sc iii}]$\lambda$5007/H$\beta$ and
[N~{\sc ii}]$\lambda$6584/H$\alpha$ line ratios are $\approx 19$ and
0.3, respectively. These Seyfert 2--like line ratios for Mrk~273D
are likely excited by
shocks plus precursor mechanism involved in the merging process.

\acknowledgments

We are grateful to Zheng Zheng for assistance in observations and preliminary
data reductions. We also thank Simon White for advice and
the anonymous referee and the scientific editor John Huchra for
valuable criticisms that have improved the paper. We appreciate
very much for the deep R-band image kindly provided to us by John Hibbard.
This project was partially supported by the NSF of China and
the exchange program between NSFC and DFG. Y.G.'s
research at LAI, Dept. of Astronomy is funded by NSF grants
AST96-13999 and by the University of Illinois. Y.G. is also grateful
to Ernie Seaquist for support at the University of Toronto.

\clearpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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La Grande Corsa closes CIRM and Tre Regioni season
Great emphasis on regularity with a specially designed programme. Registration already in triple figures and closing date extended to Monday 22 November.
Gandino-Merenda will be racing in their Fiat Ritmo (Photo Bettiol)
For the two regularity races, sport and medium, of great interest are the choices made for the challenges around the rally.
There is a lot of ferment in the association "Amici di Nino" that, together with the Club della Ruggine, is perfecting the details for the seventh edition of "La Grande Corsa", that more and more reinforces its vocation of closing event of the sporting season and that, in order to facilitate the undecided of the last hour, has extended the deadline for the registrations to 24 hours of Monday 22 November.
For the "sport" event, the initiative to provide two measurements in each trial is commendable and, multiplied by the eight in the programme, will become sixteen, raising the bar considerably compared to other events. In addition, for both precision races, the route has undergone a reduction in the mileage to be read as an intention to give visibility to the crews of the sport and media that will conclude the "efforts" a couple of hours before the fellow rallyists thanks to the choice not to dispute the tests 9 and 10, gaining the arrival stage in advance as well as the full light of the media spotlight.
Both tests will be decisive: the sport test for the Trofeo Tre Regioni and the average test for the second edition of an Italian Championship that will give its verdict after 52 secret tests.
The programme foresees the delivery of the road book at Ristorante La Stazione in Chieri and the subsequent carrying out of the reconnaissance on Sunday 21 November, also granted on Thursday 25. Hosted in the spaces made available by the FRI.MED factory in Fontaneto, the scrutineering will be held from 11am to 7pm on Friday 26th.
At 7 a.m. of the following day - Saturday 27th November - the first crew of the historic rally will start and will face ten special stages: the first two, already run in the past, with three passages and other two, newly drawn up, to be run twice for a total of almost 80 kilometres out of a total of 314,14. Two regroupings and three service parks, with the arrival scheduled at 18.10 in the same location of the start; prize-giving on the arrival stage.
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