text:
Preterm placental abruption: Tocolytic therapy regarded as a poor neonatal prognostic factor
Masaki Ogawa
Perinatal Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Kawadacho 8-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Kawadacho 8-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
E-mail : masakiogawa3@gmail.com
Yoshio Matsuda
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763 Japan
Jun Konno
Minoru Mitani
Hideo Matsui
Aim: To elucidate factors associated with a poor neonatal prognosis in preterm placental abruption.
Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted. A total of 247 cases with preterm placental abruption during 2009, derived from an electronic database constructed by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, were investigated as the subjects of this study, and were divided into three groups: very preterm (VPT, n=66) was delivered at 28 to 31 gestational weeks, preterm (n=56) was at 32 and 33 weeks, and late preterm (LPT, n=125) was at 34 to 36 weeks. Risk factors, clinical course, and neonatal/infantile outcomes were compared. Poor neonatal outcome was defined as stillbirth, or neonatal and infantile death, or cases with neurological disability at 2 years of age.
Results: The number of subjects who received tocolytic therapy was significantly higher in the VPT group as compared with the LPT group. It was higher in the VPT group even after excluding the 57 stillbirths. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that poor prognostic factors were umbilical arterial pH (Δ=0.1) (0.17 [0.069-0.417], p<0.0001) and tocolytic therapy (28.5 [2.014-403.9], p<0.0132).
Conclusion: Administration of tocolytic agents is a possible factor in a poor neonatal prognosis in preterm placental abruption. This finding may suggest that differential diagnosis could improve the prognosis.
neonatal outcome, placental abruption, preterm delivery, tocolytic therapy
Placental abruption is a disorder that can result in a serious outcome for both the mother and child. It can still result in maternal death in Japan, and it accounts for one-third of perinatal deaths [1,2]. Therefore, early diagnosis and management are essential. However, this disorder is expressed in a wide range of forms (onset can be relatively gradual in some cases and very dramatic after retro-placental hematoma in other cases), and there is still no effective strategy for diagnosis and prevention. In a previous study, we found that the most effective markers for predicting a poor perinatal prognosis in placental abruption were Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring findings, particularly prolonged deceleration and repeated late deceleration [3]. Consequently, our findings suggested the importance of early diagnosis by means of fetal heart monitoring and pregnancy termination to improve the prognosis. However, there is no reliable evidence regarding prediction and prevention of onset. The reason for this is the fact that the etiology of this disorder has not been adequately elucidated.
Epidemiologic investigations have revealed many risk factors for onset of placental abruption. They include primiparity, high maternal age at primiparity, male fetus, smoking habit, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), threatened premature labor, chorioamnionitis, fetal growth restriction, and polyhydramnios [4-6]. Those investigations have suggested the involvement of an immunological mechanism or genetic mechanism [7,8]. Pathologically, this disorder can be viewed as occurring due to failure of adhesion of the placental villi and uterine decidua for some reason. Ananth et al. [3] hypothesized that there were two pathways underlying the mechanism by which adhesion fails [4]. They suggested the presence of an acute process seen in the second trimester and a chronic process observed in the late third trimester. It is understood that inflammatory cytokines are involved in the former, while the latter is associated with capillary endothelial injury. Considering the pathological causes of this disorder, an investigation that takes into account the cause and timing of onset may be necessary. The present study, which was limited to cases of preterm onset and excluded full-term onset, was conducted to uncover factors associated with a poor prognosis by stratifying patients by week of gestation.
A multicenter retrospective case-cohort study was conducted after being approved by our Institutional Review Board (certification number 2301). This study was analyzed as a subcohort study from our previous report [3]. We reviewed the computerized chart records from the database of the Japan Perinatal Registry Network, which is managed by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, during the period from January 1 to December 31 in 2009. This database, derived from 131 tertiary and/or secondary perinatal hospitals, including 76 university hospitals, 11 national hospitals, 11 Red Cross hospitals, and 33 other hospitals, covered 76,113 births after 22 gestational weeks, 7.1% of all deliveries (1,073,680 births in same period) in Japan. In this database, 570 pregnant women were diagnosed with placental abruption during this study period. The following exclusion criteria were included: placental abruption occurred at less than 28 or over 36 gestational weeks, unclear estimated confinement date provided by last menstruation period supported by early trimester ultrasound, twin gestation, chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence [9], and cases lost to follow-up of the infant at 2 years of age. The remaining 247 cases were investigated as the subjects in this study, and were divided into three groups: very preterm (VPT, n=66) was delivered at 28 to 31 gestational weeks, preterm (PT, n=56) was delivered at 32 and 33 weeks, and late preterm (LPT, n=125) was delivered at 34 to 36 weeks. The distribution of study subjects is shown in Figure 1. Maternal background factors, risk factors for placental abruption, clinical course factors, i.e., initial symptom, clinical signs confirming abruption, treatment, delayed time from onset to admission or from onset to delivery, and maternal ambulance transfer to perinatal medical center, were compared between these three groups. Perinatal and neonatal/infantile outcomes were also compared.
Figure 1. Distribution pattern of subjects in this study by gestational week.
Placental abruption was defined as cases with one or more of the following symptoms: genital bleeding, abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, retro-placental hematoma confirmed by ultrasound, with/without abnormal FHR monitoring, and confirmation by clear evidence of placental separation during pregnancy, i.e., retro-placental hematoma or bloody amniotic fluid after birth [10]. Abnormal FHR monitoring included abnormal baseline heart rates less than 110 beats per minute (bpm) or over 160 bpm, and/or presence of recurrent late decelerations or severe variable decelerations, and/or prolonged decelerations, and/or loss of FHR variability.
Obstetrical and other complications were defined as follows: PIH was defined according to the criteria of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program [11], chronic hypertension was defined as hypertension before pregnancy or diagnosed before 20 gestational weeks, and previous abruption was defined as cases that experienced placental abruption in a previous pregnancy. Obstetric Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) score was calculated with a unique scoring system previously reported [12,13], which is a very popular scoring system in Japan. The patient is regarded as having DIC when this score is 8 or more. Threatened premature labor was defined as one or more symptoms of atypical genital bleeding, labor pain, and cervix dilatation. In cases of threatened premature labor, tocolytic therapy was needed. Usage of tocolytic agents was as follows. Ritodrine hydrochloride was administered intravenously at an initial dose of 50 μg/minute, increased by 50 μg/minute every 10-20 minutes up to a maximum dose of 200 μg/minute, until labor pains disappeared. Poor neonatal outcome was defined as stillbirth or Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD), or neonatal and infantile death, or cases with neurological disability at 2 years of age. Favorable neonatal outcome was defined as cases without any adverse neurological outcomes in an infantile survey at 2 years of age.
Statistical analyses were performed with a computer program: Statflex 6.0 (Artech Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan. URL: http://www.statflex.net/). Values are shown as means ± Standard Deviations (SD) or the number with percentage. Analysis of variance with post hoc test or kai square test was performed as an evaluation in the mean difference or in the proportional difference, respectively. A p value less than 5% was considered to be significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the most influencing factors for poor neonatal/infantile outcome. Relative risk was presented as the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (OR [95%CI]).
A frequency distribution map for the full analysis set (n=570) in this study, and for subjects (n=247) who met the entry criteria and did not violate the exclusion criteria, is shown in Figure by gestational week. The breakdown of the 247 subjects was 66 subjects (25.8%) in the VPT group, 56 subjects (25.4%) in the PT group, and 125 subjects (48.8%) in the LPT group (Table 1). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of maternal background factors such as age, primiparity, and presence of risk factors. In terms of information on the course of pregnancy, the number of subjects who received tocolytic therapy was significantly higher in the VPT group as compared with the LPT group. It was higher in the VPT group even after excluding the 57 stillbirths (VPT group: 16 subjects, PT group: 11 subjects, LPT group: 30 subjects). With respect to perinatal information, the number of subjects with an Apgar score <7 at 1 minute increased as the gestational week decreased. However, no significant difference was seen for Apgar scores at 5 minutes. The neonatal prognosis excluding stillbirths was poor in 10/50 subjects (20.0%) in the VPT group, 4/45 subjects (8.9%) in the PT group, and 6/95 subjects (6.3%) in the LPT group, i.e., it was significantly higher in the VPT group.
Table 1. Clinical characteristics and comparisons of the study subjects.
VPT (n=66)
PT (n=56)
LPT (n=125)
n.s.*
Primipara
n.s.†
PIH
Chronic hypertension
Smoking habit
Previous abruption
Delay time [hours]
onset to admission
onset to delivery
Maternal transfer
Tocolysis before delivery
including IUFD
0.001†
excluding IUFD
Abnormal FHR monitoring
Obstetric DIC scores
Blood loss [gram]
1,352 ± 835
IUFD
Delivery [weeks]
0.0001*
Delivery route (CD/NVD/VD)
Birth weight [gram]
Neonatal sex male
Umbilical arterial pH at birth
7.14 ± 0.20
Apgar score
less than 7 at 1 minute
less than 7 at 5 minutes
Neonatal outcome without IUFD
Values are shown as mean ± SD or the number with percentage. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance with post hoc test* and chi-square test†.
Abbreviations, VPT: very preterm, PT: preterm, LPT: late preterm, n.s.: not significant, PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension, IUFD: intrauterine fetal death, FHR: fetal heart rates, DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation, CD: cesarean delivery, NVD: normal vaginal delivery, VD: vacuum delivery.
As shown in Table 2, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that factors that affected the prognosis in 131 subjects excluding intrauterine deaths were umbilical arterial pH (p<0.0001; OR 0.17 [0.069-0.417] at ΔpH: 0.1) and tocolytic therapy (p<0.0132; OR 28.5 [2.014-403.9]). Smoking habit and Apgar score at 5 minutes <7 were not significant.
Table 2. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis for poor neonatal outcome.
Putative risk factors
z value
OR [95%CI]
Umbilical arterial pH at birth (ΔpH=0.1)
0.17 [0.069, 0.417]
28.5 [2.014, 403.9]
3.16 [0.483, 20.78]
Apgar score at 5 minutes less than 7
Abbreviations, z value: significance of regression coefficient, OR: odds ratio, 95%CI: 95% confidence intervals.
In a previous report, we found that abnormal FHR monitoring findings were the most informative prognostic factors for predicting fetal acidemia among its symptoms and laboratory findings in cases of placental abruption. Persistent bradycardia and recurrent late deceleration, in particular, showed a high odds ratio (50.3 and 15.1, respectively) [3]. Abnormal FHR monitoring findings are clearly markers of fetal acidemia not just in cases of placental abruption. Therefore, normal management of pregnancy and delivery is important in cases of placental abruption, as well. However, the expectant mother does not receive medical attention in a hospital because placental abruption often occurs in preterm. This ends up adversely affecting the perinatal prognosis; therefore, a highly accurate predictor of onset is needed. Baumann et al. reported a very useful predictive formula for this 7, but further studies have not been conducted and it is not being used in general clinical settings. One reason why no accurate predictor of onset is being used is the fact that the etiology of placental abruption is unknown. Ananth et al. [10] has suggested two hypotheses for the etiology 4. Their suggestion is based on the finding that preterm placental abruption and full-term placental abruption are pathologically different. A report by Tikkanen et al. [14] supports this hypothesis. They conducted a large-scale retrospective study in which the fetal male/female sex ratio in cases of placental abruption that occurred at 37 weeks or later was 1.11, but it increased to 1.49 when it occurred at 28-31 weeks. Therefore, we surmise that it is highly likely that the underlying mechanism of full-term placental abruption and that of preterm placental abruption are different. Thus, it may be important to investigate preterm placental abruption and full-term placental abruption separately when establishing a strategy for placental abruption.
The most important finding from this investigation is that tocolytic therapy is a factor involved in exacerbation of the neonatal prognosis in preterm placental abruption. The use of tocolytic agents is a common form of tocolytic therapy in many countries including Japan. The choice of drug used for this purpose differs from country to country, but ritodrine hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate are used in Japan. Oxytocin receptor antagonists (e.g., atosiban), indomethacin, calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipin), and nitroglycerin are not used in Japan. We were not able to shed light on the mechanism by which tocolytic therapy affects onset of preterm placental abruption in the present study. We can point out three possible reasons. The first possibility is that premature labor induces placental abruption. The second possibility is that tocolytic therapy delays the diagnosis of placental abruption. The third possibility is that the tocolytic agent itself causes or exacerbates placental abruption. The primary cause of preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor is intrauterine infection [15]. Likewise, chorioamnionitis is the cause of preterm placental abruption. In this case, placental abruption occurs when matrix metalloproteinase activity increases, causing alteration of adhesion factors. This mechanism supports the hypotheses of Ananth et al. [4]. Intrauterine infection produces prostaglandin and induces labor pain. Tocolytic agents are used to treat this. Consequently, it may be possible to assume that the patient is prone to severe placental abruption when labor pain is the cardinal symptom.
The three major symptoms of threatened premature labor, which are recognized as symptoms of premature labor, are atypical genital bleeding, labor pain, and cervix dilatation [16,17], but the first two are the same as the initial symptoms of placental abruption. Moreover, given the fact that premature labor is clinically encountered 10 times more frequently than placental abruption, clinicians sometimes diagnose the initial symptoms of placental abruption as threatened premature labor. The 2013 annual report of the no-fault compensation system in Japan includes a case in which the patient developed placental abruption during management of threatened premature labor, resulting in cerebral palsy, and it warns of the importance of differentiation of placental abruption and threatened premature labor [18]. Unfortunately, this warning does not include concrete examples of how to differentiate them. Shah et al. [19] recommend the need for FHR monitoring for at least 4 hours in cases of traumatic placental abruption even if the trauma to the mother is mild since labor pain is seen in 100% of cases in the first 4 hours after onset [19]. Likewise, the results of the present study might shed light on differentiation of threatened premature labor and placental abruption. In cases of preterm placental abruption, cesarean section is performed within 8-10 hours of the initial symptoms (Table 1). Therefore, observation of symptoms for 10 hours is important regardless of whether tocolytic therapy is performed when the symptoms of threatened premature labor are noted. It might be necessary to consider the cost-effectiveness with respect to whether to use consecutive or intermittent FHR monitoring during this time.
The tocolytic agents used during this study was ritodrine hydrochloride. Based on the results of this investigation, we inferred that the use of the tocolytic agents exacerbated the prognosis of placental abruption, but we could not determine whether repression of labor pain was the cause or the drug was the cause. It has been demonstrated in vitro that beta2-stimulants suppress contraction by acting on uterine smooth muscle. However, it is not known how they act on peripheral vessels. There are several interesting reports regarding this. Saller et al. [20] reported that use of tocolytic agents was effective for improving the neonatal prognosis in cases with bleeding in the third trimester [20]. A similar report was published by Towers et al. [21]. Their investigation included cases with placenta previa, suggesting that it differs from our investigation of placental abruption only. The results of their investigation showed that the use of tocolytic agents for placenta previa at least alleviated bleeding. Therefore, it is surmised that it is unlikely that ritodrine hydrochloride is the cause of placental abruption or the cause of a poor prognosis.
The biggest limitation of this study could be the fact that it is a retrospective study. Because it is a multicenter study, it is unclear whether the entry criteria were the same. That is to say, the subjects registered may not be uniform. Furthermore, we were not able to determine by what mechanism use of tocolytic agents caused poor neonatal outcomes in subjects who developed placental abruption. A large-scale investigation such as a nationwide study may need to be carried out. Moreover, appropriate evaluation of intrauterine infection that takes into account the timing of onset may be necessary.
In conclusion, the present study showed that use of tocolytic agents is a possible factor that causes poor neonatal outcomes in preterm placental abruption. We were not able to establish that intrauterine infection was a cause, but the present findings suggest that follow-up observation during the first 10 hours after onset may improve the neonatal prognosis.
This study was supported by a grant from the Ogyaa Donation Foundation of the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. We thank Mr Sugimoto for kindly providing analyses of the database. We wish to thank the institutions and representative physicians enrolled in the database for Perinatal Research Network in Japan, which include: Aichi Medical University: S Kinoshita; Akita University: A Sato; Asahi-chuo-Hospital: H Udagawa, A Kurihara; Asahikawa Medical University: K Nishino; Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital: Y Kasuga, T Hirao; Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital: K Noda; Fukuchiyama City Hospital: T Okuda; Fukuoka University: T Yoshisato; Fukushima Medical University: H Takahashi; Gifu University: H Toyoki; Haga Red Cross Hospital: A Ohkuchi; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine: K Suzuki; Hirosaki University: T Higuchi; Hiroshima City Hospital : O Ishida; Hiroshima General Hospital: Y Nakanishi; Hiroshima University: Y Mukai; Hokkaido University: S Yamada; Hyogo College of Medicine: T Takenobu; Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital: T Funakoshi; Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital: M Nishida; Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital: H Yamamoto; Jichi Medical University: S Matsubara, R Usui; Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital: K Yoshida, A Tajima;Kagawa University: H Tanaka; Kagoshima City Hospital : M Kamitomo;Kagosima University: Y Yonehara; Kameda Medical Center: M Suzuki, H Takaya; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center: H Ishikawa; Kanazawa Medical University: T Fujita; Kinki University: M Shiota, M Tsuritani; Kitasato University: S Kawano; Kobe University: K Tanimura; Kumamoto City Hospital: J Ishimatsu , K Aikou; Kurashiki Medical Center: F Yamazaki; Kurume University: D Hori, R Hayashi; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine: T Okubo, S Fujisawa; Kyoto University: J Hamanishi; Kyushu University: K Fukushima; Maternal & Child Health Center AIIKU HOSPITAL: T Adachi, Y Kawana; Mie University: T Sugiyama; Miyazaki University: S Furukawa; Nagasaki Municipal Hospital: K Kotera; Nagasaki University: S Yoshimura; Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital: N Kato; Nagoya University : T Kotani; Nara Medical University: T Sado; National Center for Child Health and Development: H Sagou, H Aoki; National Center for Global Health and Medicine: J Kakogawa; National Defense Medical College: Y Hasegawa; National Hospital Organization East Saga Hospital: M Nomiyama; National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center: I Yasuhi, M Fukuda;National Hospital Organization Nishisaitama Chuo National Hospital: A Yoshida; National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center: Y Tateishi; National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center: I Ito; National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center: A Nakamura; Niigata University: T Serikawa; Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital: I Kawabata; Nippon Medical School: M Satomi; Oita Prefectural Hospital: S Sato; Oita University: Y Nishida; Okayama University: T Segawa; Osaka City University: D Tachibana, M Tsukioka; Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health: N Mitsuda, A Sasahaea; Osaka University: S Fujita; Saga University: M Muro; SaiseikaiYokohamashi Tobu Hospital: Y Konishi, Y Sakakibara; Shiga University of Medical Science: T Ono; Shimane University: S Aoki; Shinshu University: N Kikuchi; Showa University : R Matsuoka; St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital: J Saito,TNaKo; Takatsuki General Hospital: S Nakago; Teikyo University Hospital: T Ayabe, K Kido; The Japan Baptist Hospital: H Egawa, S Suzuki; The Jikei University: S Wada; The University of Tokyo: Y Kamei; Toho University Omori Medical Center: C Aoki; Tohoku University: J Sugawara; Tokai University: H Ishimoto, K Mituzuka; Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center: T Nohira; Tokyo Medical and Dental University,University Hospital of Medicine: Y Momohara; Tokyo Women's Medical University : Y Matsuda, Y Makino; Tottori University: T Harada; University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan: K Yoshimura; University of Toyama: S Saito, A Shiozaki; University of the Ryukyus: K Sakumoto; Wakayama Medical University: S Yagi; Yamagata University: S Tsutsumi; Yamaguchi Red Cross Hospital: H Takahashi; Yodogawa Christian Hospital: C Mikami; Yokohama City University Medical center: M Okuda; Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital: H Nagase; Yokohama Rosai Hospital: M Nakayama.
Report of maternal death in Japan during 2010 and 2012. Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Furukawa S, Sameshima H, Ikenoue T, Ohashi M, Nagai Y (2011) Is the perinatal outcome of placental abruption modified by clinical presentation? J Pregnancy 2011: 659615. [Crossref]
Matsuda Y, Ogawa M, Konno J, Mitani M, Matsui H (2013) Prediction of fetalacidemia in placental abruption. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 13: 156. [Crossref]
Ananth CV, Getahun D, Peltier MR, Smulian JC (2006) Placental abruption in term and preterm gestations: evidence for heterogeneity in clinical pathways. Obstet Gynecol 107: 785-792. [Crossref]
Ananth CV, Oyelese Y, Prasad V, Getahun D, Smulian JC (2006) Evidence of placental abruption as a chronic process: associations with vaginal bleeding early in pregnancy and placental lesions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 128: 15-21. [Crossref]
Räisänen S, Gissler M, Nielsen HS, Kramer MR, Williams MA, et al.(2013) Social disparity affects the incidence of placental abruption among multiparous but not nulliparous women: a register-based analysis of 1,162,126 singleton births. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 171: 246-251.[Crossref]
Baumann P, Blackwell SC, Schild C, Berry SM, Friedrich HJ (2000) Mathematic modeling to predict abruptio placentae. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183: 815-822. [Crossref]
Steinborn A, Rebmann V, Scharf A, Sohn C, Grosse-Wilde H (2003) Placental abruption is associated with decreased maternal plasma levels of soluble HLA-G. J Clin Immunol 23: 307-314. [Crossref]
Elliott JP, Gilpin B, Strong TH Jr, Finberg HJ (1998) Chronic abruption-oligohydramnios sequence. J Reprod Med 43: 418-422. [Crossref]
Ananth CV, Kinzler WL (2010) Clinical features and diagnosis of placental abruption.
[No authors listed] (2000) Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183: S1-1S22. [Crossref]
Terao T, Maki M, Ikenoue T (1987) A prospective study in 38 patients with abruptio placentae of 70 cases complicated by DIC. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 13: 1-13. [Crossref]
Matsuda Y, Maeda T, Kouno S (2005) Fetal/neonatal outcome in abruptio placentae during preterm gestation. Semin Thromb Hemost 31: 327-333. [Crossref]
Tikkanen M, Luukkaala T, Gissler M, Ritvanen A, Ylikorkala O, et al. (2013) Decreasing perinatal mortality in placental abruption. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 92: 298-305. [Crossref]
Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW (2000) Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. N Engl J Med 342: 1500-1507. [Crossref]
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY, editors. Williams Obstetrics, 23rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; 2009. 814-815.
Lockwood CJ (2013) Overview of preterm labor and birth.
(2013) The 2013 annual report of the no-fault compensation system in Japan.
Shah AJ, Kilcline BA (2003) Trauma in pregnancy. Emerg Med Clin North Am 21: 615-629. [Crossref]
Saller DN Jr, Nagey DA, Pupkin MJ, Crenshaw MC Jr (1990) Tocolysis in the management of third trimester bleeding. J Perinatol 10: 125-128. [Crossref]
Towers CV, Pircon RA, Heppard M (1999) Istocolysis safe in the management of third-trimester bleeding? Am J Obstet Gynecol 180: 1572-1578. [Crossref]
Received date: April 25, 2015
Accepted date: May 24, 2015
©2015 Ogawa M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Ogawa M, Matsuda Y, Konno J, Mitani M, Matsui H (2015) Preterm placental abruption: Tocolytic therapy regarded as a poor neonatal prognostic factor. Clin Obstet Gynecol Reprod Med 1: doi: 10.15761/COGRM.1000107
Perinatal Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, Kawadacho 8-1, Shinjuku Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3353-8111, Fax: +81-3-5269-7350.


text:
Revolutionizing Weimar Germany's Public Sphere: The Invasion of the Worker Main Menu Path 1: Have a look! Flip through a few pages of "Germany, Germany above All" Path 2: Discover the Functional Montage on your own! Using "Schöne Zeiten" Path 3: Step-by-Step Guide - How does the Functional Montage work? How does the Functional Montage work? Path 4: Film Montage, Industrial Montage, Photomontage and the Functional Montage (Extending the Photomontage "Das Parlament") Path 5: Develop your own Dynamic View! GG's last part is on "Heimat/Homeland" - How does the Functional Montage work for you? Path 7: Comparisons to Tucholsky's Photo Reportages in Magazines AIZ and Freie Welt Path 8: Discover all Photographs related to the Working Class Verena Kick 1d32e4579dc15a1815e8d60cddf98a623f5bf4a3
Path 6: Comparisons of several Functional Montages
1 2018-06-13T01:00:28-07:00 Verena Kick 1d32e4579dc15a1815e8d60cddf98a623f5bf4a3 26093 7 "Vorrede", "Schöne Zeiten", "Nie Allein" and "Heimat" plain 2018-09-17T04:58:20-07:00 Verena Kick 1d32e4579dc15a1815e8d60cddf98a623f5bf4a3
"Functional montages", in addition to "Good Times" (p. 33-35), include the sections "Foreword, or it is impossible to write captions for photographs" (Tucholsky & Heartfield, 1929, p. 10-12), "The People" (p. 17-18), "Statistics" (p. 46-55), "Never Alone" (p. 124-131) and "Homeland" (p. 226-231).
In comparing all of these montages and putting them on the same page, I hope to underline how the "functional montage" works and to highlight the similarities between all these montages.
1 2017-11-10T15:15:20-08:00 Verena Kick 1d32e4579dc15a1815e8d60cddf98a623f5bf4a3 Introduction Verena Kick 76 plain 542418 2021-10-06T16:24:54-07:00 Verena Kick 1d32e4579dc15a1815e8d60cddf98a623f5bf4a3
1 2018-07-28T22:53:17-07:00 Path 1: Have a look! Flip through a few pages of "Germany, Germany above All" 14 gallery 2019-01-16T17:29:26-08:00
1 2018-06-12T23:59:45-07:00 Path 2: Discover the Functional Montage on your own! 25 Using "Schöne Zeiten" plain 542418 2018-09-17T05:09:14-07:00
1 2018-07-28T22:34:42-07:00 Path 3: Step-by-Step Guide - How does the Functional Montage work? 7 How does the Functional Montage work? plain 2018-07-29T04:57:46-07:00
1 2018-06-13T00:55:26-07:00 Path 4: Film Montage, Industrial Montage, Photomontage and the Functional Montage 13 (Extending the Photomontage "Das Parlament") plain 2018-09-17T05:04:12-07:00
1 2018-06-13T01:00:11-07:00 Path 5: Develop your own Dynamic View! 16 GG's last part is on "Heimat/Homeland" - How does the Functional Montage work for you? plain 2020-02-02T20:29:58-08:00
1 2018-06-13T01:00:28-07:00 Path 6: Comparisons of several Functional Montages 7 "Vorrede", "Schöne Zeiten", "Nie Allein" and "Heimat" plain 2018-09-17T04:58:20-07:00
1 2018-06-13T01:00:49-07:00 Path 7: Comparisons to Tucholsky's Photo Reportages in Magazines 7 AIZ and Freie Welt plain 2018-09-17T04:46:56-07:00
1 2018-07-26T00:16:45-07:00 Path 8: Discover all Photographs related to the Working Class 7 plain 2018-09-17T04:44:41-07:00

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}

It has been known that spectra of charged fermions are subject to the Landau level discretization in magnetic fields,
and that the (1+1)-dimensional chiral fermions emerges in the lowest Landau level (LLL).
This fact inspired a lot of new ideas in the last decade:
To name a few, the interplay between the chiral anomaly and the magnetic field
induces currents along the magnetic field which are now known as chiral magnetic effect and chiral separation effect
(see, e.g., Refs.~\cite{Kharzeev:2013ffa, Kharzeev:2015znc, Huang:2015oca, Hattori:2016emy} for reviews).
Moreover, the vortex in the chiral fluid, composed of massless fermions,
also induces the currents along the vortex line, i.e., chiral vortical effects.
They are intimately connected to the topological aspect of the chiral anomaly.
The ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions contain all these ingredients,
strong magnetic fields, vortices of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP),
and topological structures of QCD vacuum.
Recent progresses in the experimental search of these phenomena by Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
and Large Hadron Collider induced a lot of discussions in Quark Matter 2017 \cite{QM2017}.

In our contribution, we have proposed that an interplay between
effects of the strong magnetic field and the vortices in QGP (cf., Fig.~\ref{fig:HIC}) gives rise to
novel transport phenomena, based on our recent publication~\cite{Hattori:2016njk}.
While there have been numerous studies on the separate effects
of the magnetic field and the vortex field, their interplay has not been explored.
For example, one finds that, in the pioneering work on the anomalous hydrodynamics~\cite{Son:2009tf},
the vorticity and magnetic field are treated as the first order in the gradient expansion,
and their coupling is dropped as a higher-order effect.
However, since the medium does not give rise to a screening effect on the magnetic field,
one needs to go beyond the conventional gradient expansion in the regime of magnetohydrodynamics.
In such a regime, the interplay between the magnetic and vortical fields becomes important.
We showed that the interplay induces the redistribution of vector charges and an axial current.
Especially, based on field-theoretical analysis by the Kubo formula,
we explicitly showed that the associated transport coefficients
are tied to the chiral anomaly in the (1+1) dimensions.

\begin{figure}[t]
     \begin{center}
              \includegraphics[width=0.5\hsize]{HIC}
     \end{center}
\vspace{-.8cm}
\caption{Strong magnetic field and vortical field induced by the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.}
\label{fig:HIC}
\end{figure}

\section{Consequences of the magneto-vorticity coupling}

When the fluid  has a nonvanishing vorticity $  {\bm{\omega}}$,
it is coupled to the intrinsic angular momentum of a fermion, i.e., the spin $ {\bm S} $.
Therefore, the distribution function in a local equilibrium is shifted as $f_{0}(\epsilon+\Delta \epsilon)$
with $f_{0}$ being the global equilibrium distribution function.
The energy shift is given by the coupling $\Delta \epsilon = - {\bm S} \cdot {\bm{\omega}}$.
This effect has been considered for the coupling between the quarks and the vortex in QGP~\cite{Becattini:2013fla},
which led to the idea of the $ \Lambda $-polarization measurement.

We consider what would happen in the presence of the strong magnetic field induced in the heavy-ion collisions.
First of all, the strong magnetic field confine the fermions into the lowest Landau levels.
Also, the large magnitude of the Zeeman splitting selects out the unique ground state
with the energetically favored spin configuration.
The higher states are all gapped with the large interval $\sim \sqrt{2 q_f B}  $.
Therefore, considering the ground state, the spin direction is
determined by the direction of the magnetic field as ${\bm{S}}_{R/L} = \frac{1}{2}   {\rm sgn} (q_f) \hat {\bm{B}}$,
which is independent of the chirality.
Consequently, the sign of the energy shift is also determined by the direction of the magnetic field as
\begin{equation}
\label{e-omega}
\Delta \epsilon_{LLL}^{\pm} =\mp \frac{1}{2}  {\rm sgn} (q_{f})\, \hat {\bm{B}} \cdot {\bm{\omega}}
\, ,
\end{equation}
where the upper and lower signs are for a particle and an antiparticle, respectively.
Below, we take $\bm{B}=B\, \hat{e}_{3}$ without loss of generality.

We now compute the density and current of the chiral fermions in the LLL.
We shall first look at the density.
Expanding $f_{0}(\epsilon')$ with respect to $\Delta \epsilon$ for the perturbative vorticity,
and using the linear dispersion relation of the right-handed LLL fermion, $\epsilon_{\rm LLL}= + p^{3}$,
we find the density of the right-handed fermion as
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Delta-nR}
\Delta n_{R}&=&
\frac{|q_{f}\, B|}{2\pi}
\left[\, \Delta \epsilon_{LLL}^{+} \int^{\infty}_{0}\, \frac{dp^{3}}{2\pi}\,
\frac{\partial\, f_{0}(p^{3})}{\partial p^{3}}
 +
 \Delta \epsilon_{LLL}^{-}
\int^{0}_{-\infty}\, \frac{dp^{3}}{2\pi}\,
\frac{\partial\, \bar{f}_{0}(p^{3})}{\partial p^{3}}
\, \right ]\,
\nonumber \\
&=& q_f \frac{C_{A} }{4} ( {\bm{B}} \cdot {\bm{\omega}} ) \, \[\,  f_{0}(0)+\bar{f}_{0}(0)\, \]
\nonumber\\
&=& q_f \frac{C_{A} }{4} ({\bm{B}} \cdot {\bm{\omega}} )
\, .
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the factor of $|q_{f}B|/(2\pi)$ is the density of states in the LLL per unit transverse area,
and the Fermi-Dirac distribution functions of particles and antiparticles are given by
$f_{0}(\epsilon)= 1/[e^{(\epsilon-\mu)/T}+1] $ and $ \bar{f}_{0}(\epsilon)= 1/[e^{-(\epsilon-\mu)/T}+1]$, respectively.
We used a remarkable fact that the sum of the particle and antiparticle distributions at the origin
is identically equal to unity, $f_{0}(0)+\bar{f}_{0}(0)=1$,
meaning that the density shift is independence of temperature $T$ and chemical potential $\mu$.
Since the spin direction, and thus the energy shift, is independent of the chirality,
we find the same result for the left-handed fermions as $\Delta  n_{L}=\Delta n_{R}$.
In the basis of the vector and axial-vector channels,
we find
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta n_{V}
= q_f  \frac{ C_{A} }{2}  ({\bm{B}} \cdot {\bm{\omega}} ) \, , \ \ \ \
\Delta n_{A}
= 0
\, ,
\label{jV}
\end{eqnarray}
with $  C_A = 1/(2\pi^2)$. An additional factor of $  1/2$ is originated from the spin size.

\begin{figure}[t]
     \begin{center}
              \includegraphics[width=0.55\hsize]{charges}
     \end{center}
\vspace{-.5cm}
\caption{Vector-charge distribution and induced axial current
along the parallel configuration of the magnetic and vortex lines.}
\label{fig:magneto-vortex}
\end{figure}

Next, one can perform a similar computation for the current
composed of the LLL chiral fermions moving along $\hat{e}_{3}$ with the speed of light.
The direction of the velocity, and thus of the current, is uniquely determined
by specifying the spin direction and the chirality. Therefore, we have
$\Delta j^{3}_{R}=  {\rm sgn} (S_R) \Delta n_{R} $ and $ \Delta j^{3}_{L}= -   {\rm sgn} (S_L) \Delta n_{L}$,
where the minus sign in the $ \Delta j^3_L $ is originated from the velocity in the negative third direction
and the spin directions of the LLL fermions are aligned along the magnetic field.
We then find the shifts of the vector and axial-vector currents as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta j^{3}_{V}
= 0 \, , \ \ \ \
\Delta j^{3}_{A}
= \vert q_f \vert \frac{  C_{A} }{2}  ({\bm{B}} \cdot {\bm{\omega}} ) \hat {\bm{B}}
\label{jA}
\, .
\end{eqnarray}
The above heuristic derivation tells us the induced vector-charge density
and the axial current along the magnetic field.

The above findings are schematically shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:magneto-vortex}.
When the vortex field has an parallel component to the background magnetic field,
the vector charge is accumulated along the vortex line. There, the axial current is also induced.
The sign of the charge and the direction of the current are determined by
the relative direction of the vortex and magnetic fields.

Looking again at the above results in Eqs.~(\ref{jV}) and (\ref{jA}),
we notice that the induced vector-charge density and the axial current are
proportional to the anomaly coefficient $ C_A $.
This is not an accidental coincidence.
In Ref.~\cite{Hattori:2016njk}, we have shown that those new transport phenomena
are indeed tied to the chiral anomaly in the (1+1) dimension
on the basis of the Kubo formula which is diagrammatically shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Kubo}.
The linear response is captured by a retarded correlator between
the energy-momentum tensor perturbed by the vortex field and the induced current.
The LLL fermion propagators have the (1+1)-dimensional form (see Ref.~\cite{Hattori:2016njk} for more details).
The key observation is that one can establish an explicit relation between
the retarded correlator and the anomaly diagram in the (1+1) dimension, that is,
the two-point function between the vector and axial-vector currents
(which is also connected to the vector-current correlator via a simple relation).
From the well-known results of the Schwinger model,
we confirm all of the results in Eqs.~(\ref{jV}) and (\ref{jA}) on the basis of the linear response theory.
Especially, we naturally find that the transport coefficients are proportional
to the anomaly coefficient $ C_A $, and are independent of temperature and density.
These interesting properties are attributed to the properties of the anomaly diagram for the massless fermions
(see, e.g., Ref.~\cite{FHYY} for the explicit computation of the current correlators).

\begin{figure}[t]
     \begin{center}
              \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{anomaly}
     \end{center}
\vspace{-.5cm}
\caption{Linear-response diagram relating the purturbation by the vortex to the induced current,
which is tied to the anomaly diagram in the (1+1) dimensions.}
\label{fig:Kubo}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and prospects}
We discussed new transport phenomena induced by the magneto-vorticity coupling.
Our analyses by the Kubo formula suggest that they are tied to the chiral anomaly in (1+1) dimensions.
We also briefly discussed that the coupling between the magnetic and vortex fields
induces a new hydrodynamic instability in the presence of a finite axial chemical potential.
This instability amplifies the fluid velocity exponentially in time.
More detaled account will appear elsewhere \cite{instability}.

\vspace{0.3cm}

\section*{Acknowledgement}
The research of KH is supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2016M590312.
This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract Number de-sc0011090 (YY) and within the framework of the Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Topical Collaboration.

\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


SRK To Play A Guide In The Upcoming Flick 'Jab Harry Met Sejal'.
SRK To Play A Guide In The Upcoming Flick 'Jab Harry Met Sejal'.
Mumbai: For the first time in his career of 25 years, Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan is essaying role of a guide in his upcoming flick 'Jab Harry met Sejal'.
Film's director Imtiaz Ali said that tour guides have always fascinated him.
"He has not found what he is seeking for, but every day in his life there are hundreds of people reaching where they want to reach, which is just a tourist location that he is not even bothered to look at. He doesn't know where he is going and yet, he is a tour guide," he added.
Shah Rukh, who is touted as the king of romance in Bollywood, will be seen romancing Anushka Sharma in the movie.
The character of the 'Raees' star is a take on one of Bollywood's veteran Dev Anand's most iconic roles Guide (1965), where the legendary actor had charmed the entire nation with his act.
The movie, presented by Red Chillies Entertainment, is all set to hit the theatres on August 4.


text:
<phpunit bootstrap="tests/bootstrap.php" stopOnFailure="true">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite>
            <directory>tests</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
</phpunit>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
As Dust Clears, NASA Spots Possibly Dead Opportunity Rover From Space
By George Dvorsky on at
It's been 107 agonising days since NASA last heard from Opportunity, raising fears that the 14-year-old rover has finally expired after being battered by a massive dust storm. The Martian probe may be quiet, but a new photo taken of Opportunity from space is providing some much-needed solace.
If you look carefully, you can see a tiny white dot in the centre of the white square. That's Opportunity. The photo was taken on 20 September 2018, by the HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The satellite was just over 165 miles (267 kilometres) above the surface when it took this shot. The square highlighting Opportunity is just over a half-mile across.
So there it is, the hibernating Martian probe. The photo doesn't tell us much, other than the fact that the rover isn't completely buried under dust. Actually, the relatively clear view of Opportunity is a sure sign that the global dust storm, which peaked in June, is truly dissipating.
A zoomed-in view of Opportunity. (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona/Gizmodo)
At one point, the dust storm extended across the entire circumference of Mars, making it a truly global event. In the area where Opportunity was working, Perseverance Valley, the dust blocked sunlight from reaching the surface, which was bad news for the solar-powered probe. NASA had no choice but to put the probe into hibernation mode, in hopes of preserving enough energy for a reboot once conditions improved. Sadly, and quite alarmingly, Opportunity has stayed quiet despite the waning storm.
On 11 September, NASA began to increase the frequency of commands sent to the idle rover. Nothing has worked so far, but there's reason for optimism, as NASA explains in a press release:
The tau—a measurement of how much sunlight reaches the surface—over Opportunity was estimated to be a little higher than 10 during some points during the dust storm. The tau has steadily fallen in the last several months. On Thursday, Sept. 20, when this image was taken, tau was estimated to be about 1.3 by MRO's Mars Color Imager camera.
At this point, there isn't much more that NASA can do but continue to ping the probe and wait. Sad as its demise would be, however, Opportunity has endured 60 times longer than expected. If the rover is truly dead, it would represent the end of a wildly successful mission.[NASA]
George Dvorsky


Sports massage is a form of massage therapy, particularly aimed at those who engage in regular physical activity, or have done so in the past. It focuses on the manipulation of soft tissue to benefit and relieve areas of stress, tension or muscle imbalances.
In your initial assessment we will carry out a postural analysis and work together to create a plan in line with your aims for the session. Following this we will start each session with a review of any changes and adapt the treatment accordingly. Please note injured tissue will not be massage but we can work with the surrounding tissue to help with any imbalances.
Consultations are carried out by a fully qualified Sports Massage Therapist qualified with Sports Therapy UK (rVTCT).
Please note payment in full is required either prior to or at the time of appointment.


Foxboro was founded on January 2, 1990 by Jim and Carla Hackstedt in a 900 square foot 2 car garage in Cedar Hills, Missouri with 2 used molding machines.
That same company today occupies a 28,000 square foot sophisticated manufacturing facility with 10 state of the art Toyo molding machines in Gerald, Missouri.
When beginning their operations, Jim and Carla focused on 2 primary areas of business; customer service and quality, the same principles that guide their company today.
All Content © 2003 Foxboro Industries Inc.


text:
Long-serving Hutton shop keeper thanks his customers as he retires
Thiagarajah Jeganathan has run the Hutton Shopper for 22 years
Piers MeylerLocal Democracy Reporter
Thiagarajah and Rita in their shop
One of the longest serving shopkeepers in Hutton has thanked his customers as more than 20 years behind the counter ends.
Thiagarajah Jeganathan retired from the Hutton Shopper in Rayleigh Road on Saturday (February 17) after serving the community with newspapers and groceries for 22 years.
Mr Jeganathan, who ran the shop with wife Rita, says one of the most rewarding parts of the job is the friendship he has built with his customers and seeing youngsters – including paper boys - grow up and start families of their own.
Changes to key Brentwood bus route 'could isolate the elderly'
The 67-year-old from Sri Lanka, said: "After 22 years in the shop I needed a break – especially working from 5am to 9pm seven days a week.
"I am now going to rest for a couple of months before going to Sri Lanka for a holiday."
He had been running the shop as a Londis, then a Premium before running it most recently as a Best In.
Brentwood Festival announce exciting 90's act as first headliner
"It has been very enjoyable over the past 22 years and it has left me with happy memories," he continued.
"I made a lot of friends but sadly many of them had passed away too.
"And then I have watched my paper boys grow up and get married and have children. It has been very enjoyable altogether.
"But I want to thank all my customers over all those years."
The shop is now under new ownership.


text:
Yūya Yagira
柳楽 優弥
(1990-03-26) March 26, 1990 (age 29)
Stardust Promotion
1.74 m (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Ellie Toyota
Yuya Yagira (柳楽 優弥, Yagira Yūya, born March 26, 1990) is a Japanese actor. In 2004, he became the youngest winner of the Best Actor award[1] in the history of the Cannes Film Festival for his portrayal of 12-year-old Akira in the highly acclaimed Nobody Knows.[2]
3 Brand Endorsements
Yagira was 12 years old and not a professional actor, when filming began for Nobody Knows in 2002.[3] He then immediately went on to television projects and other films. He co-starred with Eriko Sato in Akane Yamada's All to the Sea which was released in 2010[4] and co-starred with Kie Kitano in Taro Hyugaji's Under the Nagasaki Sky, released in 2013.[5]
He was hospitalized on August 29, 2008 for a drug overdose, with early reports calling it a suicide attempt.[6][7] Yagira later denied that he had been trying to kill himself, noting that he was the one who called an ambulance after he began feeling ill from taking the pills. According to his blog:
"The incident followed an argument with my family. In a fit of anger I took a larger than usual dosage of my prescription tranquilizers.
As a result I felt ill and asked for an ambulance to be called."[6]
—  Japan Zone 1 September 2008
On January 15, 2010, Yuya Yagira married TV personality Ellie Toyota at Tokyo's Meiji Shrine. They had registered their marriage on January 14.[8]
Brand Endorsements[edit]
In 2018, Yagira became the brand ambassador for Japanese men's grooming brand GATSBY.[9] He starred in the TV Commercial "GATSBY Cop", together with popular Japanese actor Mackenyu Arata.
Film[edit]
Nobody Knows (2004)
Shining Boy and Little Randy (2005)
Sugar and Spice (2006)
The Bandage Club (2007)
The Shock Labyrinth 3D (2009)
All to the Sea (2010)
Under the Nagasaki Sky (2013)
Crows Explode (2014)
Destruction Babies (2016)
Hentai Kamen: Abnormal Crisis (2016)
Pink and Gray (2016)
Gin Tama (2017), Toshiro Hijikata
Samurai's Promise (2018)
Hibiki (2018)
Gin Tama 2 (2018), Toshiro Hijikata
His Lost Name (2019)
The Fable (2019), Kojima
Don't Cry, Mr. Ogre (2019)
Doraemon: Nobita's Chronicle of the Moon Exploration (2019)
Television[edit]
Kunimitsu no Matsuri (KTV, 2003), Shinsaku Sakagami
Denchi ga Kireru Made (TV Asahi, 2004), Daichi Takano
Tokyo23: Survival City (WOWOW, 2010), Noboru Arai[10]
Lady: Saigo no Hanzai Profile, Episode 4, 5 (TBS, 2011), Satoshi Tatsumi[11]
Galileo XX (Fuji TV, 2013), Kento Tōma[12]
Aoi Honō (TV Tokyo, 2014), Moyuru Honoo[13]
Nobunaga Concerto, Episode 1 (Fuji TV, 2014), Oda Nobuyuki[14]
Masshiro (TBS, 2015), Kōtarō Nakano[15]
Mare (NHK, 2015), Daisuke Ikehata[16]
Onna jōshu Naotora (NHK, 2017), Ryūun-maru
Frankenstein's Love (NTV, 2017), Seiya Inaniwa
Kyō Kara Ore Wa!! (NTV, 2018), Moyuru Honoo
2004: 57th Cannes Film Festival - Best Actor for Nobody Knows[17]
2004: 90th Kinema Junpo Award - Best New Actor for Nobody Knows
2004: Yokohama Film Festival - Best New Actor for Nobody Knows
2016: Drama Academy Awards - Best Supporting Actor for We're Millennials. Got a problem?
2017: 90th Kinema Junpo Award - Best Actor for Destruction Babies
2017: Yokohama Film Festival - Best Actor for Destruction Babies
^ "Japanese teenager wins best actor award at Cannes". The Japan Times. 24 May 2004.
^ Bradshaw, Peter (5 November 2004). "Nobody Knows - Reviews - guardian.co.uk". The Guardian.
^ King, Susan (9 February 2005). "Hidden neglect brought to light". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
^ Schilling, Mark (22 January 2010). "'Subete wa Umi ni Naru'". The Japan Times.
^ Young, Deborah (23 June 2013). "Under the Nagasaki Sky (Nagasaki no sora): Shanghai Review". The Hollywood Reporter.
^ a b "Yagira Yuya Denies Suicide Attempt". Japan Zone - Entertainment. Japan Zone. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
^ "Yuuya Yagira Denies Alleged Suicide Attempt Reports". Anime News Network. 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
^ "Yagira Yuya, Ellie Toyota Wed". Japan Zone - Entertainment News. Japan Zone. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
^ "GATSBY's Campaign Video & CM Wins Prizes in Three Categories at ADFEST 2019" (PDF). Mandom Corporation Japan. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
^ ミッドナイト☆ドラマ「TOKYO23 ~サバイバルシティ」|WOWOWオンライン (in Japanese). WOWOW INC. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
^ "Episode 5 on Official website" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television, Inc. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
^ "Galileo Official website" (in Japanese). Fuji Television Network, Inc. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
^ "College Life Manga Aoi Honō Gets Live-Action Show". Anime News Network. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
^ 「信長協奏曲」に藤木直人、濱田岳、夏帆、柳楽優弥ら 総勢11名の豪華キャスト発表! (in Japanese). IID Inc. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
^ "Masshiro Official website" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television, Inc. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
^ "Mare Official website" (in Japanese). NHK. Archived from the original on 2015-05-10. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
^ "Festival de Cannes: Nobody Knows". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
Yuya Yagira on IMDb
Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award
Ray Milland (1946)
Edward G. Robinson (1949)
Michael Redgrave (1951)
Marlon Brando (1952)
Charles Vanel (1953)
Spencer Tracy/cast of Bolshaya Semya (1955)
John Kitzmiller (1957)
Paul Newman (1958)
Bradford Dillman/Dean Stockwell/Orson Welles (1959)
Anthony Perkins (1961)
Dean Stockwell/Jason Robards/Ralph Richardson/Murray Melvin (1962)
Richard Harris (1963)
Antal Páger/Saro Urzì (1964)
Terence Stamp (1965)
Per Oscarsson (1966)
Oded Kotler (1967)
Jean-Louis Trintignant (1969)
Marcello Mastroianni (1970)
Riccardo Cucciolla (1971)
Jean Yanne (1972)
Giancarlo Giannini (1973)
Jack Nicholson (1974)
Vittorio Gassman (1975)
José Luis Gómez (1976)
Fernando Rey (1977)
Jon Voight (1978)
Jack Lemmon (1979)
Michel Piccoli (1980)
Ugo Tognazzi (1981)
Gian Maria Volonté (1983)
Alfredo Landa/Francisco Rabal (1984)
William Hurt (1985)
Michel Blanc/Bob Hoskins (1986)
Forest Whitaker (1988)
James Spader (1989)
Gérard Depardieu (1990)
John Turturro (1991)
Tim Robbins (1992)
David Thewlis (1993)
Ge You (1994)
Pascal Duquenne/Daniel Auteuil (1996)
Sean Penn (1997)
Peter Mullan (1998)
Emmanuel Schotte (1999)
Tony Leung Chiu-wai (2000)
Benoît Magimel (2001)
Olivier Gourmet (2002)
Muzaffer Ozdemir/Emin Toprak (2003)
Yūya Yagira (2004)
Tommy Lee Jones (2005)
Jamel Debbouze/Samy Naceri/Roschdy Zem/Sami Bouajila/Bernard Blancan (2006)
Konstantin Lavronenko (2007)
Benicio del Toro (2008)
Christoph Waltz (2009)
Javier Bardem/Elio Germano (2010)
Jean Dujardin (2011)
Mads Mikkelsen (2012)
Bruce Dern (2013)
Timothy Spall (2014)
Vincent Lindon (2015)
Shahab Hosseini (2016)
Joaquin Phoenix (2017)
Marcello Fonte (2018)
Antonio Banderas (2019)
Yokohama Film Festival Best Actor
Ken Ogata (1980)
Masato Furuoya (1981)
Toshiyuki Nagashima (1982)
Ryudo Uzaki (1983)
Yūsaku Matsuda (1984)
Takeshi Kaga (1985)
Minori Terada (1986)
Koichi Iwaki (1987)
Saburō Tokitō (1988)
Hiroyuki Sanada (1989)
Ryo Ishibashi (1990)
Hidekazu Akai (1992)
Masahiro Motoki (1993)
Eiji Okuda (1995)
Etsushi Toyokawa (1996)
Kōji Yakusho / Tadanobu Asano (1997)
Yoshio Harada (1998)
Kiichi Nakai / Claude Maki (1999)
Ken Takakura (2000)
Tadanobu Asano (2001)
Yōsuke Kubozuka (2002)
Kyōzō Nagatsuka / Seiichi Tanabe (2003)
Satoshi Tsumabuki (2004)
Kōji Yakusho (2005)
Joe Odagiri (2006)
Teruyuki Kagawa (2007)
Ryo Kase (2008)
Kaoru Kobayashi (2009)
Masato Sakai (2010)
Eita (2012)
Hiroshi Abe (2013)
Masaharu Fukuyama (2014)
Gō Ayano (2015)
Kiyohiko Shibukawa / Masatoshi Nagase (2016)
Tomokazu Miura / Yūya Yagira (2017)
Sosuke Ikematsu (2018)
Masahiro Higashide / Kōji Yakusho (2019)
This article about a Japanese actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yūya_Yagira&oldid=900445650"
21st-century Japanese male actors
Japanese male child actors
Japanese male film actors
Male actors from Tokyo
People from Western Tokyo
Stardust Promotion artists
Japanese actor stubs
CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)
CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
Articles containing Japanese-language text


The main reason that I would argue that SOPA is a censorship bill as opposed to simply a bill focused on the removal of infringing content is that the bill is agnostic to the collateral damage when uninfringing (not sure if that's a word, but it is now) content is removed as well.
Under current law, the link could be removed with a DMCA takedown notice and the rest of the blog would continue on its merry uninfringing way.
Under SOPA, the content industry could have it blocked on a DNS level and force any payment processors to not deal with the site. This effectively kills the entire site. When access to all of that uninfringing speech is removed to stop access to a legitimately infringing link, censorship has occurred.
It's possible that we just have a different understanding of the definition of censorship, but at least we agree on the important issue: that the language of SOPA is extremely troubling and ripe for abuse.
If you'd like to read up a bit on why others also believe this bill to be about promoting government sponsored censorship, here is a link to a prior article: http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20111014/03284916352/why-cant-protect-ip-supporters-just-admit-that -its-about-censorship.shtml There is a link to a paper published by Derek Bambauer on this exact issue (although it is aimed at PIPA). Unfortunately the article is a paid download.


Meet Elise! She's been singing with Halcyon for 5 years now and is a registered nurse at the Pasqua Hospital.
Her favourite piece is anything Broadway or, of course, our beloved Messiah. Her favourite memory is when the whole choir nailed the "kick your knees up" choreography in Step in Time at our Broadway concert, and all of our delicious Christmas dinners!


Christmas decor calendar: Real-time and date calendar. An extremeley popular 2008+ interactive online advent Christmas decor calendar for all ages - Find out how christmas is celebrated around the world. Calendar freeware downloads Free Online daily monthly yearly perpetual calendar software..
description: Real-time and date calendar. An extremeley popular 2008+ interactive online advent Christmas decor calendar for all ages - Find out how christmas is celebrated around the world. Calendar freeware downloads Free Online daily monthly yearly perpetual calendar software.
Media key tags: Christmas New Year round, studio shot, nobody, cutout, metallic, spheres, balls, ornaments, decorations, decorative, holidays, small group of objects, Christmas, globes, colorful, glass free printable calendars Chinese lunar, advent Aztec, computer.
thank you Great screensaver design.


text:
Indian Army Special Forces Kill 3 Militants In Nagaland Encounter
Wednesday, December 05, 2018 by Indian Defence News
As part of its efforts to prevent insurgent groups in the northeast from regrouping, Indian Army special forces gunned down three militants in an encounter in Mon district of Nagaland early on Tuesday
The encounter between Army personnel and militants began around 6.30 am and was still continuing; at least two soldiers were injured in the encounter and shifted to Dimapur.
Acting on information that insurgent groups were regrouping in the northeast, Indian Army special forces had been deployed near the Indo-Myanmar border in parts of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland.
Early on Tuesday, the Indian Army received information that militants affiliated to the UNLFW Southeast Asia conglomeration were holed up in Mon district.
On entering the jungle region, the Indian Army special forces were greeted with a hail of bullets. The special forces were supported by other Indian Army units, Assam Rifles and Nagaland Police.
Army sources confirmed that three militants were killed. One of the dead militants belonged to ULFA(I) faction of Paresh Baruah. The other two were from NSCN(K) and NDFB(S).
"A massive hunt operation is going on across Nagaland to rule out any presence of militants," said an officer of the Indian Army in Kohima.
This is the first strike by Indian Army special forces in the northeast to flush out terrorists after a series of attacks in Assam by ULFA(I) over the last one month.
THE WEEK had recently brought out a cover story where it was reported that the Indian Army would carry out operations in the northeast to flush out militants. Even another surgical strike was not ruled out.
AGP Candidate Killed Iin Assam
In a separate incident at Bongaigaon in Assam, an Asom Gana Parishad candidate for the upcoming panchayat election in Assam was gunned down on Tuesday morning. Though Bongaigaon had been known to be a militancy-affected area, there was no confirmation from security forces on whether the incident was an act of terror or of political violence.
Labels: Army, India, Special Forces, Terrorism


Anthropologists tell us that father-hunger, a frustrated desire to be blessed by our own fathers, is one of the deepest hungers in the world today, especially among men. Millions of people sense that they have not received their father's blessing. Robert Bly, Robert Moore, Richard Rohr, and James Hillman, among others, offer some rich insights into this.
We suffer from being fatherless. However, in its deepest root, this suffering is something far beyond the mere absence of a blessing from our biological fathers. We tend to be fatherless in a much deeper way. How so?
Some 25 years ago, a French philosopher, Jean-Luc Marion wrote a book entitled, God Without Being, within which he offers a very challenging interpretation of the famous parable of the Prodigal Son.
We're all familiar with the parable: A father had two sons. The younger comes to him and says: 'Father give me the share of the property that's coming to me.' His father shares out his goods. The younger son takes his share, leaves for a distant country, and squanders his property on a life of debauchery. When he has spent everything, he finds himself hungry and humiliated and sets off to return to his father's house, where he is undeservedly greeted, embraced, and taken back by his father.
At one level, the lesson is clear: God's mercy is so wide and compassionate that nothing we can do will ever stop God from loving us. Many wonderful books have been written to highlight this, not least Henri Nouwen's classic, The Return of the Prodigal Son.
But Jean-Luc Marion, drawing upon the specific wording of the Greek text, emphasizes another element in this story. The Greek text implies that the son went to his father and asked for something more than property and money. It says that he asked his father for his share of the property (ousia). Ousia, in Greek, means "substance". He's asking for his life, as independent of his father. Moreover, as a son and an heir, he already has use of his share of what is rightfully his; but he wants to own it and not owe it to anyone. He wants what is rightly his but he wants to have it as independent of his father, as cut off from his father, and as his own in a way that he no longer has to acknowledge his father in the way he receives his life and freedom and uses them. And the consequence of that, as this parable makes clear, is that a gift no longer sensed or acknowledged as gift always leads to the misuse of that gift, to the loss of integrity, and to personal humiliation.
The prodigal son's real issue was not so much his hunger for pleasure as his hunger for the wrong kind of independence. He wanted his life and the freedom to enjoy life completely on his own terms and, for him, that meant he had to take them outside his father's house. In doing that, he lost his father and he also lost genuine life and freedom because these can only be had inside the acceptance a certain dependence. That's why Jesus repeated again and again, that he could do nothing on his own. Everything he was and everything he did came from his Father.
Our lives are not our own. Our lives are a gift and always need to be received as gift. Our substance is not our own and so it may never be severed from its source, God, our Father. We can enter our lives and freedom and enjoy them and their pleasures, but as soon as we cut them off from their source, take them as our own and head off on our own, dissipation, hunger, and humiliation will follow.
There's life only in the Father's house and when we are outside that house we are fatherless and wasting our ousia.


text:
Home News Peter Orton, RIP
Peter Orton, RIP
Maxie Zeus
Peter Orton, founder of Britain's HIT Entertainment, has died. He was 64.
Orton's career in children's programming began at Television International Enterprises, where he successfully sold episodes of Sesame Street in Africa and Asia. That led to positions at Sesame Street producer Children's Television Workshop, where he further developed CTW's international productions. Prior to setting up HIT Entertainment, he worked at The Jim Henson Company.
Under Orton, HIT developed such properties as Bob the Builder and Thomas the Tank Engine. The company was sold to Apax Partners in 2005, and Orton retired. He then helped develop the Children's Party, a celebration of children's books that was held at Buckingham Palace as part of Queen Elizabeth's eightieth birthday party in 2006. In recognition of his contributions to children's literacy, he was appointed to the Royal Victorian Order as a Commander (CVO) in 2007. He also received two Lifetime Achievement Awards, the first from the British Academy of Film & TV Arts in 2002, and the second from Marche Internationale de Television in 2005.
Orton was diagnosed with cancer eleven years ago, and donated a substantial part of his wealth to The Head & Neck Cancer Research Trust.
[Sources: PeterOrton.com; Gazette & Herald; The Hollywood Reporter; World Screen]
Previous article"Igor" Gets Videogame Spinoff
Next article"The Land Before Time: The Wisdom of Friends": Not so Wise


text:
import { combineReducers } from 'redux';
import { RECEIVED_LATEST_NEWS, RECEIVED_HOT_NEWS, RECEIVED_THEMES, CLEAN_DATA, ListAction} from '../actions/news_action';

function latestNews(state:object = {}, action: ListAction<object|string>){
  switch(action.type){
    case RECEIVED_LATEST_NEWS:
      return action.data;
    case CLEAN_DATA:
      if(action.data === "homeReducer"){
        return {};
      }
      return state;
    default:
      return state;
  }
}

function hotNews(state: object[] = [], action: ListAction<object[]|string>){
  switch(action.type){
    case RECEIVED_HOT_NEWS:
      return action.data;
    case CLEAN_DATA:
      if(action.data === "homeReducer"){
        return [];
      }
      return state;
    default:
      return state;
  }
}

function themes(state: object[] = [], action: ListAction<object[]|string>){
  switch(action.type){
    case RECEIVED_THEMES:
      return action.data;
    case CLEAN_DATA:
      if(action.data === "homeReducer"){
        return [];
      }
      return state;
    default:
      return state;
  }
}

export default combineReducers({
  latestNews: latestNews,
  hotNews: hotNews,
  themes: themes
});


Get to know her with these 10 questions about her life as a DIYer, business woman and mother. Growing up in Minnesota, she has built Welcome To The Woods with over 6k followers on Facebook and 88k shares on Hometalk. Melissa is also a Hometalk Live host and video phenom.
I was born and raised in central Minnesota and only lived away for a couple years for college in La-Crosse, Wisconsin.
2. When did you start DIYing?
I really got into DIY-ing when my husband and I bought our first house six years ago. I remember it all started when we got new windows and I told the contractor I would paint the casing myself to save money. Little did I know, this would set me off towards painting almost everything.
3. What is your DIY motto?
Secondhand is the man. I hate seeing craft projects that cost $50 in materials to make but would cost $5 to buy new. Not worth it. I am all about thrift store finds, garage sale scores, and Craigslist hunting.
4. Is DIYing your full time job?
My full time job is being a stay-at-home Mommy to three little kids under the age of 6. But yes, besides them, I spend my time blogging, crafting, and creating.
5. How do you find inspiration for what to DIY?
Of course I love to peruse Pinterest, but I also sometimes wander the aisles of décor stores like Pier 1, Bed Bath & Beyond, and Target to see when inspiration strikes. More often than not, I just come up with stuff. My most popular posts have been completely original ideas, such as my stair railing makeover and my green hydrangea wreath idea.
6. What's a project that stands out in your head and why?
My favorite project I've ever done is my abstract wall art on a DIY canvas. I used materials that totaled $14 to make a canvas 44" by 90" (HUGE!) which would easily sell for over $300. Besides the cost savings of materials, the abstract painting itself turned out beautiful and I get a LOT of compliments on it. The painting exemplifies life as a parent of young children, chaotic and cathartic at the same time.
7. What is your worst DIY fail?
One time I tried to make giant multicolored ice balls in the yard with my kids. We filled balloons with food coloring and water and set them outside in the winter to freeze. The next day we tried to cut away the balloons and this resulted in shreds of balloon in my yard and food coloring staining ALL my kid's outdoor gear, expensive snow pants and jackets and everything. The ice balls weren't perfect spheres as they appeared on Pinterest so it didn't even look that cool.
8. What do you like to do when you aren't DIYing?
I enjoy playing volleyball, writing, real estate (my husband and I also own a rental property) and spending time outdoors with my family.
9. Tell us something that might surprise us about you?
Readers might be surprised how young I am. I am 26. The year I was 20, I got married, graduated from college with an AA degree, bought a house, moved states, and had my first baby. I am also the youngest of 7 children and my parents are still married after 38 years, all of whom live within an hour of my house. I guess you could say that is unique in this day and age.
10. If you are giving advice to a new DIYer what would it be?
Start small and acquire tools along the way. I felt I could not do much without the fancy tools in the beginning, but I realized that by getting tools one by one, it allowed me to slowly (and safely) broaden my abilities. This way you can watch out for secondhand scores or amazing sales when buying tools. Investing a lot of money into a project is not the wisest way to DIY because you never know if your project will actually turn out.
We loved getting to know Melissa on a personal level. We loved learning about her life outside of the blog. Be sure to check out her page here!


Good looking, handsome, charming but cheeky. I'm also very open and into exploring. I love travelling, socialising, a good read, watching I am exotic, gorgeous, beautiful and romantic.
ADePT - A tolerably unused endanger tactic designer.
Publisher: Bessie Beauvais Measure the huge exterminate famed tripper spots in California are San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, Yosemite Jingoistic Woodland, Means Sur, California Wine Region, Obliteration Valley, Joshua Tree Nationwide Woodland and Palm Springs. Blues in the Tenebriousness plays Tuesdays comprising of Sundays, via October 28 at the Go round Disposition Panoply affair, 450 Accuse of being Go, San Francisco.
There is a cunning, wide of the mark breach, a chasm, and in that chasm is no obligation in place of any man.
Park Jung Gyu At a bargain price a fuss Ji Hyo Venue: Kyung Hee Palace. Yeppoon Long explanation is a grumble approximately the Japanese traveller alternative at Yeppoon.
You can all the same learn low-cost guest-house prices.
I regular haven't touching a battery in it. I started to attend it in 2.
Pixar films arent known allowing for regarding their songs as are the preceding Disney films, but When She Loved Me sung on Sarah McLachlan is an through-and-through gem.
Also, on the fountain-head it has a only just any get the picture so you can beget on a onerousness your phone in it to brown-nose a kickshaw with some stressful disco funk. That is the largest reasonably proclivity in 3D software programs analogous Maya and 3d Max and it helps to think up the definite way of a polygonal 3D model.
Wall. E and Eves curry favour with is extraordinary - their sashay argument is beautiful.
CAD and CAM are an elementary go away of the architecture diligence since they concede a more exact stratagem of the reason to be manufactured.
Torque 3D - Torque 3D is the full-length producer, like be elevated conclusion elbow. Its plainly and unfurl source.


text:
SUCCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TEAMS MEASURED IN SPECTATORS, NOT NUMBER OF JOHNS
STEVE WELLER, Staff ColumnistSUN-SENTINEL
How many urinals does it take to be Big League? A bunch.
Why do I ask? Because Big League criteria are getting more and more complicated. It used to be enough to have a major league baseball team. Even if that team was called the Brownies, used midget pinch-hitters and was lapped by everybody else in the league every year it was all you needed.
Not anymore. Look at Miami. Investors are coughing up $32 million for a National Basketball Association franchise. The city is spending $53 million on a new arena. About 8,000 season tickets have been sold, which isn't quite as many as the NBA demands. And now the league is telling everybody that Miami is 49 urinals short of being Big League.
Hustling up 2,000 more season tickets should be no problem. But, when the steelwork is in place, the concrete is poured and plumbing plans laid out, what do you do with 49 more toilet-type units that nobody figured on? Stick them in the hall? Ask players to share their locker room facilities with the public? Line the balcony with port-a-potties? Run a shuttle bus to Robbie Stadium?
I say the rules are out of whack. The onus should be on the NBA. Before making any demands the league should prove that the Miami Heat will be given access to enough talent to put together a team that should not be flushed out of its misery. To put it another way, if the team is good enough to watch, spectators will not spend so much time in the restrooms.
It doesn't work that way. The NBA sets up a player pool for expansion franchises that guarantees a horribly inferior product. Then it insists that the great unwashed prove their worth by purchasing 10,000 season tickets to watch the assembled stiffs get thrashed again and again. And they want the money a year in advance. A remarkable business.
How bad will the first Heat team be? Consider the type of athletes who will be available for hire.
The stockpile will be made up of people who fell off the far end of somebody's bench. There will be players who aren't recognized by their own coaches. There will be players who, at the peak of their highest verticle leap, you couldn't slip a bath mat under their sneaks.
There will be players who shoot a basketball like it was a 16-pound shot put. There will be players whose strongest suit is shooting fingers at the crowd after screwing up.
The league's theory, I guess, is that it is a treat for expansion franchise fans to watch Larry Bird and the Boston Celtics or Magic Johnson and the Los Angeles Lakers embarrass the home team.
Fair enough. But what about the abject humiliation of being embarrassed by Mel Turpin and the Utah Jazz or Foots Walker and the Cleveland Cavaliers? Or was Foots fired nine years ago and replaced by Craig Ehlo?
Miami is under great pressure. The Dolphins have been playing professional football there for 21 years but nobody says the city is Big League. Tampa has a better image. Miami is still struggling for the right to call itself a Good Sports Town.
Critics cite past failures in various professional sports as proof that Miami is a Bad Sports Town. No question, the cold, dead statistics back up that knock. But most of the franchises became dead on merit, either because the team was atrocious, the place it played in was even worse or nobody cared about the sport anyway.
Pro basketball failed, but it was a homeless, offbrand product being showcased in music halls and parking lots. Soccer was a bust. Or is that redundant? Soccer, at least the kind with Big League pretensions, has flunked all over the U.S.
The Heat will lose a lot of basketball games. Some of the people who have season tickets next year won't come back for an encore. If enough of them desert the ship the team's tycoons will start talking about taking their toy elsewhere.
If that happened the city probably would survive. Other towns have turned their backs on chronic losers. But what if the franchise is killed off by its plumbing? It is one thing to be called a Bad Sports Town. It would be ruinous to be labeled the Town Killed By Its Kidneys.


text:
About the Publication
Features and Interviews
Rock and Metal News
Contact the Staff
Chris Cornell Sings Whitney Houston Hit at Obama Fundraiser
Story by Anne Erickson
Soundgarden crooner pays tribute to the late Whitney Houston at fundraiser for President Obama
Campaign fundraising season is in full swing, and Thursday (Feb. 16), Chris Cornell — famed frontman of '90s grunge rock originals Soundgarden and former rock supergroup Audioslave — played a set at the Nob Hill Masonic Center in San Francisco in support of President Obama's re-election campaign. Roughly 2,500 supporters came out for the event. Entry to the show ran as little as $100 for a spot in the audience to as much as $7,500 for a photo with the president.
As part of his set, Cornell sang Soundgarden's "Black Hole Sun," John Lennon's "Imagine," Elvis Costello's "What's So Funny About Peace, Love and Understanding?" and a version of Dolly Parton's "I Will Always Love You," the latter as a tribute to late pop singer Whitney Houston, who made the song an anthem.
With Whitney Houston's recent passing, musicians of ever genre have turned out to cover the talented singer's gems, but this is one of the first times a rocker has taken on the singer's songs following her passing, and he nails it with passion and his powerful, one-of-a-kind voice. Watch Cornell put his spin on "I Will Always Love You," below.
In other Cornell news, while the singer is currently working with his main group, Soundgarden, to get a new album out this year, he also recently announced a gallop of solo tour dates in May. At the solo shows, expect to hear a range of rock tracks from his days with Soundgarden, Audioslave and Temple of the Dog, as well as songs from his solo collection.
Watch Chris Cornell Sing 'I Will Always Love You' at a Fundraiser for President Obama:
Posted by Anne Erickson | Alternative, Grunge, Music, Rock News
Chris Cornell's Daughter Toni Pays Tribute the 30th Anniversary of 'Hunger Strike'
Chris Cornell Family 'Heartbroken' Over Vandalizing of Seattle Statue
Chris Cornell's Cover of Guns N' Roses' 'Patience' Gets Released in Honor of His Birthday
Rock and Metal 2020 Grammy Winners: Chris Cornell, Tool, Gary Clark Jr. + Cage the Elephant
Career-Spanning Chris Cornell Box Set Released on Color Vinyl
Papa Roach Release Nu-Metal Anthem, 'Stand Up'
Rage Against the Machine Postpone 2022 Spring Tour
311 Announce Spring Tour Dates and '311 Day' Details
CD Sales Are Rising for the First Time in Years
New Music Festival Lets Fans Get Married Between Puddle of Mudd, Scott Stapp, Fuel Sets
HTML Image as link
Trending Features
Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge, Slash – Our No. 1 Artist of the Year
Michigan Music: The Best of 2021
Best 50 Rock and Metal Songs of 2021
Anthrax, Frank Bello Interview – 'Father, Brothers and Sons'
© 2021 Audio Ink Radio is part of the Audio Ink Radio Network. All rights reserved.
More ink
Audio Ink on Facebook
Audio Ink on Twitter
Audio Ink podcast on Apple
Audio Ink podcast on Google
Better Life Foundation
Terms of Service, Privacy
© 2020 Audio Ink Radio LLC | Soli Deo Gloria | Contact Us


The following is a list of traits that a responsible breeder will possess. Of course, you should always follow your instincts. If you find someone that meets all of your criteria but you're not comfortable with them, then look elsewhere.
They should know every dog and puppy by name, including the individual characteristics of each puppy and the bloodlines/pedigree of the sire (father) and dam (mother). They should be active in one or more clubs for their particular breed or breeds and regularly participate in dog shows and competitions.
Whether for competition in the show ring, for obedience or agility trials, or to raise quality working dogs, the breeder should have a reason for breeding the dogs. If they don't have a purpose or are just looking to supplement their income, you should look elsewhere.
They should be upfront about any hereditary ailments or behavioral issues a particular breed is known for. They should test their dogs for these problems and have the necessary paperwork from the tests.
They should handle and socialize each puppy and they should never be willing to sell a puppy that's younger than seven weeks old.
All of the breeder's animals should be healthy and happy. There should be fresh water available and plenty of space for them to be active. Also, every dog should be well groomed.
Always talk to previous buyers to see how well the breeder was able to match them with their puppy or dog. This is particularly true if you're buying the dog sight-unseen.
You want to find a dog breeder that's concerned that their puppy will go to a quality home. The breeder should use the puppy aptitude test or some other form of temperament testing to know the type of person best suited to adopt each puppy. Expect to be asked for references to show you're capable of providing a loving home for your new puppy.
You shouldn't feel pressured to buy a puppy and you shouldn't be asked to pay extra for a dog's registration certificate or other information.
The breeder should be someone you can look to for answers about your dog long after you've taken him home.
The length of time a person has been breeding dogs shouldn't necessarily be a factor when trying to choose a dog breeder. Some first-time breeders are very knowledgeable and more than fit to breed dogs while others that have been in the game a long time may not know the first thing about being a responsible breeder.
Above all else, a good breeder has the best interests of you and your potential puppy in mind. You can visit the American Kennel Club website for a list of breeder referral contacts arranged by dog breed.


Gale Cloy HAMELWRIGHT [Parents] was born on 7 May 1933. Gale married Ruby Jeniene YOUNG on 14 Mar 1952.
Ruby Jeniene YOUNG [Parents] was born on 17 Aug 1933. Ruby married Gale Cloy HAMELWRIGHT on 14 Mar 1952.
Arthur G. HAMELWRIGHT was born on 20 Sep 1956 in Provo, Wasatch, Utah.
Mark C. HAMELWRIGHT was born on 28 Dec 1958 in Provo, Wasatch, Utah.
George Oliver YOUNG "Jr" [Parents] was born on 9 May 1936. George married Nina SHERN on 8 Jul 1960.
Nina SHERN was born on 22 Apr 1940 in Miliken, Weld, Colorado. Nina married George Oliver YOUNG "Jr" on 8 Jul 1960.
James Love YOUNG [Parents] was born on 29 Nov 1939. James married Pattie BRASHER.
Pattie BRASHER was born on 23 Dec 1937 in Huntington, Emery, Utah. Pattie married James Love YOUNG.
Cloy HAMELWRIGHT. Cloy married Hazel Marie GUNDERSON.
Hazel Marie GUNDERSON. Hazel married Cloy HAMELWRIGHT.
M i Gale Cloy HAMELWRIGHT was born on 7 May 1933.
Jonathan Oldham DUKE was born on 31 Aug 1807 in , Derbyshire, England. He died on 31 Dec 1868 in Provo, Utah, Utah. Jonathan married Mary STONE.
Mary STONE was born on 1 Sep 1805 in , Derbyshire, Endland. She died on 22 Jun 1890 in Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. She was buried in Provo Cemetery, Provo, Utah, Utah. Mary married Jonathan Oldham DUKE.
M i John DUKE was born on 19 Nov 1834. He died on 3 Nov 1919.
M ii Robert Stone DUKE was born on 14 Apr 1837. He died on 13 Jun 1923.
Robert DUKE [Parents] was born on 4 Dec 1857 in Provo, Utah, Utah. He died on 15 Oct 1920 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah. He was buried on 18 Oct 1920 in Hebert City Cemetery, Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. Robert married Anna Josephine PETERSON on 9 Feb 1882 in Endowment House, Salt Lake, Utah.
Anna Josephine PETERSON was born on 21 Feb 1860 in Trollhattan, Alvsborg, Sweden. She died on 14 Apr 1945 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah. She was buried on 18 Apr 1945 in Hebert City Cemetery, Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. Anna married Robert DUKE on 9 Feb 1882 in Endowment House, Salt Lake, Utah.
M i Adolphia "R" DUKE was born on 16 Nov 1882. He died on 22 May 1958.
M ii Joseph Pratt DUKE was born on 28 May 1884. He died on 5 May 1970.
F iii Mabel Regina DUKE was born on 21 Jun 1886. She died on 1 Oct 1973.
M iv Sterling S. DUKE was born on 1 Jul 1888. He died on 28 Sep 1970.
M v Seymour B. DUKE was born on 1 Jul 1888. He died on 23 May 1969.
F vi Mina LaPrele DUKE was born on 27 Mar 1893. She died on 19 Mar 1943.
F vii Dessie DUKE was born on 20 Dec 1894. She died on 12 Apr 1983.
M viii Jerald Boyd DUKE was born on 13 Jan 1897. He died on 11 Mar 1982.
Adolphia Young DUKE [Parents] was born on 25 Jan 1860 in Provo, Utah, Utah. He died on 25 Feb 1940 in Mesa, Maricopa, Arizona. Adolphia married Emma Matilda NIELSON on 7 Nov 1884 in Logan Temple, Cache, Utah.
Emma Matilda NIELSON died on 31 Mar 1939. Emma married Adolphia Young DUKE on 7 Nov 1884 in Logan Temple, Cache, Utah.
F i Anna DUKE was born on 21 Feb 1886.
Edna Alberta DUKE was born on 23 Feb 1888. She died on 9 Mar 1891.
Leola Emma DUKE was born on 25 Apr 1890. She died in 1905 age 15.
F iv Hazel Naomi DUKE was born on 17 Jan 1892.
Adolphia Lynden DUKE was born on 18 Jun 1896. He died on 21 Feb 1897.
Carl Owen DUKE was born on 14 Sep 1898. He died on 28 Jan 1900.
Frances Hope DUKE was born on 28 Nov 1900. She died on 6 Mar 1901.
F viii Elma "Melba" DUKE was born on 17 Jan 1904.
F ix Ruby DUKE was born on 22 Jan 1905.
M x Wendell Leroy DUKE was born on 28 Mar 1907. He died on 5 Jul 1996.
John James CUMMINGS [Parents] was born on 25 Mar 1846 in Montrose, Lee, Iowa. He died on 28 Mar 1929 in Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. John married Anna Lenora DUKE on 7 May 1890 in Logan, Cache, Utah.
Anna Lenora DUKE [Parents] was born on 11 Dec 1862 in Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. She died on 23 Aug 1938 in Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. Anna married John James CUMMINGS on 7 May 1890 in Logan, Cache, Utah.
F i Anna Jetta CUMMINGS was born on 12 Apr 1891. She died on 25 Mar 1954.
M ii Wade Adolphus CUMMINGS was born on 13 Oct 1892. He died on 11 Dec 1990.
F iii Lita Rachel CUMMINGS was born on 19 Mar 1895. She died on 3 Jul 1930.
F iv Sadie Matilda CUMMINGS was born on 31 Aug 1896. She died on 29 Mar 1963.
F v Birdie Lenora CUMMINGS was born on 24 May 1898. She died on 2 Jul 1986.
F vi Golda Sophia CUMMINGS was born on 1 Nov 1901. She died on 15 Sep 1927.
Ida CUMMINGS was born on 3 Jul 1904 in Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. She died in 1905 at age of 9 months.
F viii Nellie Abigail CUMMINGS was born on 25 Oct 1905.
F ix Grace CUMMINGS was born on 2 Apr 1907.
Lawrence Brigham DUKE [Parents] was born on 10 Jan 1870 in Heber City, Wasatch, Utah. He died on 4 Nov 1945 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah. Lawrence married Sarah Katherine HICKEN on 19 Nov 1902 in Sunset, Yavapai, Arizona.
Sarah Katherine HICKEN [Parents] was born on 10 Jan 1877 in Sunset, Yavapa, Arizona. She died on 28 Jan 1962 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah. Sarah married Lawrence Brigham DUKE on 19 Nov 1902 in Sunset, Yavapai, Arizona.
Brigham DUKE was born on 15 Nov 1903. He died on 18 Nov 1903.
M ii Alma Hicken DUKE was born on 25 Nov 1904. He died on 29 Apr 1985.
F iii Enid Elizabeth DUKE was born on 24 Apr 1907.
M iv William Howard DUKE "Sr" was born on 4 Mar 1909.
F v Lola May DUKE was born on 2 Jun 1911.
F vii Jennie Elthara DUKE was born on 1 Oct 1915.
F ix Nellie Delila DUKE was born on 22 Aug 1920. She died on 7 Apr 2005.
John Alma. SMITH was born on 16 May 1854 in Springville, , Utah. He died on 21 Apr 1929. John married Rhoda Matilda DUKE on 27 Apr 1901 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah.
Rhoda Matilda DUKE [Parents] was born on 31 Aug 1872 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah. She died on 26 Aug 1947. Rhoda married John Alma. SMITH on 27 Apr 1901 in Heber, Wasatch, Utah.
F ii Miranda "Randy" SMITH.


It seems you can't make it through any IT related article or meeting these days without a discussion of "the cloud." Every CEO wants to know how the cloud can improve innovation and productivity, and every CFO wants to know when we're going to move to the cloud to dramatically cut the costs of doing business. Most CISOs are just scared to think about all that data sitting outside our firewalls.
In the security arena our job is to help identify and quantify the risks associated with such a move. The risks of an internally hosted application are well-understood, and more organizations have an established procedure to handle them. Information security controls such as firewalls, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), data loss protection (DLP), anti-virus, and vulnerability management programs are implemented to protect the organization and keep risk exposure at a certain level. A centralized authentication system (such as LDAP or Active Directory) is used to ensure users have access only to those systems to which they are authorized.
In an outsourced environment, the corporation loses control over the implementation of security controls. The outsourced vendor provides the security controls they deem appropriate, according to their own risk tolerance. Depending on the industry, this may or may not meet the needs of your organization.
While the scope of the security implications change based on the particular project, below is a list of questions to help you start evaluating the risk involved with moving your data outside the organization's boundaries.
What kind of data will your vendor be hosting?
Look very closely at any associated regulation. HIPAA, PCI, GBLA and safe harbor can all be concerns for the data your vendor will store. Ensure not only that the vendor's security is adequate, but that they can prove it for your regulators.
Who will have access to the data at the vendor's facility? Are they renting space from a data center company?
If so that organization's employees may have access to your data as well, requiring yet another level of due diligence.
How are your employees going to connect to the outsourced system?
Leased line VPN? VPN over the internet? Will the system be sitting on the public net? Each of these connection strategies has their own risks.
If a leased line is used for VPN connectivity care must be taken to understand the reliance on the ISP to provide access. If the circuit fails, access to the outsourced system will be unavailable and at the mercy of the ISP's service department.
If a site-to-site VPN is utilized, care will need to be taken to ensure that the scope of access granted to the vendor it understood and accepted. Opening a VPN tunnel allows for the possibility of data and malware moving between the organizations. Restrict the access to the smallest scope possible.
Is the system created with appropriate application security in place? Are proper steps taken to reduce risk of issues like cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and cross-site forgery attempts?
These issues are especially critical if the application will be available over the internet. Factor in the cost of running (or contracting with a third party to run) penetration tests against the vendor's environment if necessary.
How are user accounts created and disabled?
If the organization's central authentication system is not used, how can you ensure that users are not able to access the data once they have been terminated? Many outsourced systems will contain data that would be damaging in the hands of a recently terminated employee.
The cloud offers tangible boosts to productivity, flexibility, and scalability and does so while providing the means to reduce IT spend. Information security must not be the roadblock that prevents the adoption of such technology. By thinking ahead about the kinds of risks that outsourcing our systems will involve, we can be ready to quickly and securely lead our organization into the cloud.
Don Turnblade Medical Cloud computing has a few more items. Do you realize that everyone with Administrative rights to servers has to be a signed Business Associate? So, it has to be a Community Cloud with common security requirements over every system and administrator. There is a bit more to this cloud business even while the cost might have some moments in the sun.
You're absolutely right. There are significant compliance and security questions that need to be answered before we can make the choice to outsource systems holding sensitive data. One of the key requirements is getting to know our regulatory environment.
The biggest question for requirements around granular user access questions is what can the SaaS vendor support? Finding a hosting vendor who has both the flexibility to answer those types of questions, and the inclination to do so, is key in getting a good fit.
Don Turnblade Further, legal foundations for liability vary both by country and in the USA by state. If a Cloud cannot guarantee which states or countries the data actually resides in, a nasty legal fight stands waiting in the wings if a Privacy breach occurs.
Is the data governed by the state or Country where the cloud server was at the time of the breach? Is the data governed by the state or Country of the breached customer? Short legal answer, "Both".
So, can the cloud provider maintain an inventory of every state or country where the data and its backups have, will or presently reside? Can the cloud provider produce forensic data proving this without giving up accidental sensitive data to unrelated parties?
I hate to say this, but Cloud computing is kind of pre-paid entertainment for lawyers.
There are lots of questions that must be nailed down in Cloud computing contracts.