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Lyddie is a 1991 novel written by Katherine Paterson. Set in the 19th century, this is a story of determination and personal growth. When thirteen-year-old Lyddie and her younger brother are hired out as indentured servants to help pay off their family's debts, Lyddie is determined to find a way to reunite her family.

Plot summary
Lyddie, a 13-year-old girl and her family, are in their cabin in 1843 when a bear enters. Lyddie saves the family by staring down the bear long enough for her family to climb up to the loft. The bear leaves with no one harmed, but some of their possessions broken. Throughout the rest of the book, Lyddie's troubles are often represented as "bears". Lyddie must perform her parents' duties, as her father left for the gold rush and her mother is insane. Lyddie's mother sees the bear as the devil and moves in with her sister, Clarissa, and her husband, Judah. She takes Lyddie's younger siblings Rachel and Agnes with her; Lyddie and her brother Charlie refuse to leave because they believe their father will return. While at the house, they receive a letter from their mother, who tells them she signed them up for jobs in the village and they have been hired out as indentured servants. Charlie jokes about her horrible spelling, which becomes an inside joke, "We can stil hop" instead of "We can still hope". She learns how to weave and other similar tasks.

Lyddie is sent to work at Cutler's Tavern as a housemaid, and Charlie is sent to work at the Baker's mill. They are now both indentured servants.  They are driven there by the Stevenses, a Quaker family; Luke Stevens is very kind to Lyddie and Charlie. At the tavern, Lyddie is treated almost as a slave. The mistress there is cruel, but the cook, Triphena, is kind to Lyddie, and they become friends. At the inn, she jobs working on looms at mills in Lowell, Massachusetts. But she does not take the job, because her mother signed her up for the tavern job. When the mistress is away on a trip, Lyddie goes home. In her house, she finds a runaway slave named Ezekiel Freeman, an ex-preacher who educated himself by using the Bible. Before she leaves, she lends him the money she and Charlie received for a calf they sold. When she returns to the tavern, she is fired, because she wasn't supposed to leave the Tavern without exact permission from the owner of the place. Triphena gives her five dollars, and Lyddie insists she will pay her back with interest.

Lyddie then works at a textile mill in Lowell, Massachusetts, to pay the debt on her family's farm. She is taken under the wing of Diana, a woman who is involved in the struggle for better conditions. She stays with her roommates at a company boarding house. Amelia Cate, one of her roommates, is like a mother to them. Betsy, another roommate, reads Oliver Twist to Lyddie. Wanting to reread it, Lyddie checks it out of the library but struggles to read it. Gradually, she becomes a better reader and speller. Her mother sends her a letter saying her sister, Agnes, has died. Lyddie works very hard, and so when the Overseer picks up the pace of the looms, she stays when others are fired or quit. Betsy stays on because she needs money to go to college like her brother. She wants to go to Oberlin College in Ohio, a college for girls. But, because of the bad factory conditions, she develops a horrible cough. The doctor has declared her too weak to go see her uncle so she has to go to the hospital,  which uses up most of her money. After that, she leaves.

Luke delivers a letter from Ezekial Freeman that pays off his debt. With all her roommates gone, Lyddie is now alone in her room, but her uncle, Judah, drops off her sister Rachel. Also, he tells Lyddie that her mother is institutionalized and they need to sell the farm to pay for this. Lyddie tries to stop him, but he remains firm. Lyddie convinces the boarding house's mistress to allow Rachel to stay for two weeks. She writes to Charlie and tells him of Rachel and the farm but is upset when he does not reply. Luke proposes marriage to her, but she is revolted by the letter and nearly rips it up when she stops as she almost tears Charles' name. Rachel takes up a job at the mill as a doffer but soon gets sick with a cough like Betsy's. Charlie visits Lyddie and offers to take Rachel with him to the Phinney family, who owns the mill where Charlie works and treats him like family. Lyddie reluctantly agrees. Lyddie tries to sign a petition for better working conditions but is too late as the petition had already been sent in and declined. When she is fired from the company for "moral turpitude" – catching Mr. Marsden trying to assault a young Irish worker – she writes a letter to her supervisor, Mr. Marsden. She returns home briefly, considers marrying Luke Stevens, but chooses instead to attend Oberlin College, known for accepting women and decides to come back afterwards.

Adaptation
Lyddie was made into a TV movie in 1996, directed by Stefan Scaini. The cast includes Tanya Allen, Danielle Brett , Andrea Libman and Lexie Lore.

Reception
Michele Landsberg of Entertainment Weekly rated it A and wrote of the title character's troubles, "The rewards are all the more cheering for being so hard won."

See also

References

 American bildungsromans
1991 American novels
 American novels adapted into films


At the beginning of June, the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) presented the Facility of the Year Award to Boehringer Ingelheim in Biberach an der Riss, Germany. The site comprises Europe's largest facility for the development and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. It received the award in the "equipment innovation" category for its particularly transparent and flexible production of liquid and freeze-dried biopharmaceuticals – processed on two filling lines from Bosch Packaging Technology.
Boehringer produces on an FLC filling line and an MLD combi line. Both are suitable for filling liquid and freeze-dried products into vials. Moreover, the MLD combi line processes single and double-chamber cartridges with one chamber for the freeze-dried active ingredient and one for the solvent. The lines are equipped with the corresponding isolator technology for the aseptic production and are located in modern, glass-walled cleanrooms for maximum transparency. Additional components such as sterile filtration modules and handling units were provided by the Bosch subsidiaries Pharmatec and Moeller & Devicon.
Facing extensive restructuring work in 2008, Boehringer Ingelheim laid the foundation not only for the cooperation with Bosch, but also for the largest single line order to date for Bosch Packaging Technology's pharmaceutical product division. "Our goal was to create a flexible production area for the manufacturing of all important biopharmaceutical dosage forms, which would meet today's and future requirements for aseptic processing while allowing transparent and flexible production," explains Dr. Friedrich Haefele, vice president BP Fill & Finish Germany at Boehringer Ingelheim. The manufacturing lines are organized in a U-shaped configuration, thus enabling fast response to production requirements at maximum efficiency and availability.
Read more about the Facility of the Year Award 2014 here.


Home christian rap artist devine jamz recording artists gospel hip hop Independent Gospel Artist music performer Stevie Sightz Who is Stevie Sightz And What Is The Witness Stand?
Who is Stevie Sightz And What Is The Witness Stand?
The Detroit born and raised rapper has a testimony! Stevie Sightz has performed in local shows, Chene Park Amphitheatre in Detroit, in front of a audience of about 6000, and various venues to win souls. His entertainment has given him the chance to meet the popular A&Rs Clive Davis head of "J Records" and Damon Dash/Jay Z with Rocafella Records. Having a demo with a hot single ready to hit the airways for over a million listeners, he gave it up for God! Thus, he has earned an audience and platform to speak on as the unbelievable example of self-abasement for the kingdom of God's sake.
Drawing on experience in his own life in the streets of Detroit and his conversion journey in the church. The proud husband and father of two has managed to fuse the pure testimony of a holiness lifestyle with laid back and highly energetic production to create an intriguing sound that's receiving acclaim from all who experiences it. In the age-prejudiced music industry at 32 years of age, he is just getting started with fresh, wisdom loaded poetic wordplay that comes across in all simplicity with a much more complicated underlying message that will have you pressing the rewind button at the shock of his lyrical prowess. His thorough delivery and unashamed truthfulness is something that is missing from the boxed in gospel hip hop message that is being delivered today.
While many gospel hip hop focuses on salvation to the sinner or the " I've been there" mentality, Stevie message speaks of the struggles and triumphs of living an already surrendered life…without the need for preaching. He approaches each subject with an experienced "I live this attitude" that comes across as genuine rap that will not be placed in a Christian or conscience rap category-but proclaims that I am hip hop with the same intensity as any M.C. in the industry.
When dealing with the days social issues and religious apostasy, Stevie is almost prophetic as he laments what he sees, like the unpropitious observation of "This is the END " or the heartfelt outpouring of "Dear GOD". On the "Witness Stand intro" he delivers a verbal punishing full of metaphors and spiritual messages on a laid back production that he created himself. And on the song "Heaven", he describes lyrically and vividly the hereafter, while surprising the listeners with a singing voice on the chorus that will have you wondering if he should have released a crooning album as well. With plenty of cameos, (including an interlude duet with his four year old daughter), and a flaming hot collaboration with gospel vocalist Ryan Napier on the song "Nothing Can Separate Me" his debut album "The Witness Stand" is a fully matured cutting edge Lp that will not leave you disappointed and will definitely cause you to look at your own spiritual walk in a head nodding examination.
Stevie Sightz proves that it's never too late to tell your story and will anxiously have you wanting the next project, as this one is an instant classic!


Besides the new Surface 2 and Surface Pro 2 tablets, Microsoft also debuted new keyboard accessories. The new Touch Cover 2 and Type Cover 2 are thinner than their predecessors and completely backlit. That's what one would expect from one generation to the next, but Microsoft has really innovated on the Touch Cover by going from 80 touch sensors in the first one to now 1092 sensors in Touch Cover 2. The sensors can also detect pressure, which means that the Touch Cover 2 is able to collect a lot more data than any traditional keyboard.
Best of all, the new keyboard covers are backwards compatible with the first generation of Surface tablets.
Don't miss our other Surface coverage!
I think they mean the Touch Cover, but either way...I've had my Touch Cover for 9 months now, and I am still on the fence. I do have to apply more pressure to the keys than I would like to, so this change will be a welcome addition.
I have a strong distaste for big radiused corners and huge bezels. To me it looks cheap and 90's. Even something like the MacAir with it's fine thin design when you open it up and look at that screen, your like, Ugh, what the heck. A surface pro with edge to edge screen at least the top part with very fine minimal corners would like much better.
I was fully "meh" about the Surface products but picked up an RT with Touch Cover anyway. It's pretty cool... but with Windows 8.1 having Outlook and it running Lync in snap mode, I have my main office with me on the Surface. I really like it now and am excited for gen 2 because my biggest gripe is the resolution. The new keyboards look awesome. I have a feeling this release is going to cost me.
@Warezme... If you have any technical experience at all you would be aware that any significant torque on the actual inner screen frame will cause a crack. Until the flexible screens become more prevalent a bezel will be necessary to dissipate the force from handling it - laptop or tablet.
are you freaking retarded? have you even used a surface?? besides the other functions of a bezel already mentioned, surface rt uses the bezel for many of the gestures such as closing an app(swipe from top bezel down), switching an app(swipe from left bezel right) etc, how else would you be able to complete these gestures without an bezel?
Got to confess, I was a little underwhelmed by the touch cover (if that's what this article is actually talking about). Without distinct keys, I found I couldn't type nearly as fast as on a normal keyboard. This is ultimately my problem, and I also recognize that the touch cover is a very versatile device because it's basically a big flat sensor, but I wouldn't want to use one as my primary typing device for a long period of time.
Wow! Thanks guys for some actual positive and friendly posts... I imagine that, in the next few hours, this will be followed by 425 negative posts.
A broken watch tells the right time, twice a day!
I picked up the Surface RT w/Touch for school (it was on sale and considerably discounted) and had the same reservations. My first week or so I found myself having troubles when I needed to backspace or type 'a' (buttons that I usually press with my pinkies). However, after a while I found myself adjusting and getting used to the location. I imagine that it is not something that most people can pick up right away, and can be a major turn off at first... but you eventually adapt to it. It's the same thing as when you buy a new keyboard that isn't quite the same layout as your old one.
This might sound weird as well, but I actually really like the absence of the audible sound of the key press. I've suddenly noticed how distracting 'loud' typers can be during lecture.


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MODERN FLEETS
SHIPBUILDERS
Maiale (Pig)
Manned Torpedo Submarine [ 1939 ]
The Italians also took to the manned torpedo concept during World War 2 with their development of the Maiale.
In 1935, it had become painfully obvious to Italian authorities that the Italian Navy maintained a weak position in the Mediterranean Sea. The Italian Navy stationed at Taranto was surrounded by the British fleet at Malta, off the coast of Sicily, at Gibraltar by Spain and at Alexandria near the Suez cannel. Additionally, the French Navy maintained a capable fleet at Toulon. Italy was, by default, the third naval power in Mediterranean waters and outnumbered in terms of battleships and did not field any of the all-important aircraft carriers that would prove so critical to the Allied war effort in World War 2. In 1940, British Royal Navy aircraft from its carrier fleet attacked the Italian fleet at Taranto, sinking one battleship and damaging at least two others.
In 1939, the Mailae 10th Light Flotilla, an inherently small group of specialists and now equipped with a new underwater breathing apparatus, devised a low-cost plan to attack enemy ships as they lay unprotected and unsuspecting in their harbors using manned torpedoes. The "human torpedo" concept began as a way to counter Allied capital ships without risking Italian warships to direct combat. The torpedo design appeared just like any standard World War 2-era torpedo munitions but was specially modified to carry a pair of divers who, upon reaching a designated target, delivered an explosive warhead to sink a ship while at anchor. The rounded nose of the torpedo comprised of the warhead storage filled with pounds of TNT. Behind the warhead was a shielded control panel for the primary driver who straddled the torpedo as if sitting on a horse. A backrest for the driver was nothing more than the ballast pump housing and behind that sat the assistant diver who held onto the housing while diving and during the actual run. Aft of the assistant driver's position was a tool box. Both divers sat at the center section of the diving tank. The aft section of the torpedo held the engine as well as the propeller and diving/rudder planes. These "frogmen" would dive and approach a target ship, remove the warhead and proceed to hang the TNT charge under the ship's keel. The charge could be set up to a delay of 2.5 hours allowing the divers to escape. The charge would then detonate and (hopefully) render the enemy vessel damaged and out of the fight for a time - or destroyed altogether.©MilitaryFactory.com
The torpedo proved difficult to handle in practice and many were lost during testing, sinking as if stones in the water. Her tendency to sink resulted in the vehicle being nicknamed "The Pig". The warhead was attached to the bow of the torpedo and was either 1 x 300kg or 2 x 150kg charges which were connected by a clamp. The driver steered the craft with a joystick control system that was connected to the hydroplanes and rudder located at the stern just behind the propeller. The original the delivery system consisted of utilizing pressurized containers fitted to existing Italian Navy submarines so the dive teams could enter the water undetected while the submarine remained submerged. The first two attacks using this method against the British fleet at Malta failed when British aircraft sank one submarine and strafed the other.
In December of 1941, three human torpedo crews were launched from the Italian submarine Sirce against the British at Alexandria, attacking two battleships - the HMS Queen Elizabeth and the HMS Valiant as well as the tanker Sargona. All three ships were damaged and sunk in the resulting action. However, the harbor was shallow to the point that the ship's superstructures were well above the waterline resulting in the spotting and capture of all three Italian torpedo crews. Regardless, the damage had been done for two weeks earlier, a German U-boat submarine sank the battleship HMS Barham - this essentially left no allied battleships in the Mediterranean Theater to counter the Axis fleets. The British were alarmed by the changing fortunes and hoped to fool the Axis powers by using tarps to hide damage on their ships while repairs were secretly underway. Crews also continued normal top deck activities as if their forces were ready to fight at a moment's notice. Because only a few ships were operational in the area, the British Government knew the Mediterranean Theater would be lost to German and Italian warships if the ruse did not succeed.
For the next three years, the 10th fought against British shipping at Gibraltar using an old Italian merchant ship, the Dlterra, that was moored across the bay of Gibraltar in a Spanish port only a mile away. The ship was converted to launch the human torpedoes through a hatch cut six feet under the waterline of the vessel. This allowed the frogmen and their craft to come and go relatively unnoticed. The ship's original crew was replaced by men of the 10th and torpedoes were shipped in under the guise of them being nothing more than boiler tubes. On October 1942, three crews were launched from the Dlterra and resulted in three sunk Allied merchant ships. They found attacking merchant ships easier than dealing with British warships as warships were, naturally, far better protected than the merchant vessels. Italian frogmen damaged or sank 42,000 tons of Allied shipping in the Gibraltar area and the British Royal Navy would never find the secret base on the Italian ship Dlterra.
In September of 1943 the Italians formally surrendered to the Allies amidst mounting losses, political pressures at home and through sheer military force imposed by the advancing Allied powers moving northwards across Italy. Some of the men of the Mailae remained loyal to ousted Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini while some went over to the serve the Allied cause with the British Royal Navy. The British used the Italian frogmen to develop their own frogman underwater force. As such, the Italian "Pig" became a part of naval history and the war in Europe was over by mid-1945.
However, the concept of a manned torpedo continued in the Cold War years resulting in the CE2F/X100 design. The CE2F/X100 could hold two operators and take them across underwater distances of 50 miles and featured full GPS, an autopilot system and an optional built-in launcher for up to 5 x mini-torpedoes.©MilitaryFactory.com
CLASS INFORMATION [+]
Number-in-Class
Ships-in-Class
Kingdom of Italy
✓ Submerged Attack
Traveling under the surface to search, track, and / or engage or reconnoiter areas.
✓ Maritime Patrol
Active patroling of vital waterways and maritime areas; can also serve as local deterrence against airborne and seaborne threats.
✓ Fleet Support
Serving in support (either firepower or material) of the main surface fleet in Blue Water environments.
Disp.Submerged
Installed Power: 1 x Diesel engine supplying power to 1 x propeller system via 1 x shaft.
Surface Speed
(1.2 mph)
Submerged Speed
(15 mi | 24 km)
kts = knots | mph = miles-per-hour | nm = nautical miles | mi = miles | km = kilometers
1 kts = 1.15 mph | 1 nm = 1.15 mi | 1 nm = 1.85 km
1 x 300kg or 2 x 150kg Warhead
AIRCRAFT [+]
Ribbon graphics not necessarily indicative of actual historical campaign ribbons. Ribbons are clickable to their respective naval campaigns / operations / periods.
Modern Navies
WW1 Naval Warfare
USN Hull Classifications

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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ibarga ON 05/02/2018 BY: keane
The Civic Museum is housed in the Palazzo Pretorio, which was built along with the underground prison during the first half of the 14th century. Palazzo Pretorio was the residence of the Podestà, the representative of Florentine power in Barga. The Podestà took part in council desicions, but his main role was to administer Law and Order. The Podestà lived and worked on the upper floor and what is now the entrance to the museum was then the main hall where trials were carried out and sentences passed.Those found guilty of crimes were either hung or taken below and imprisoned.
The first room of the prison contains three visiting cubicles where the prisoners could speak with their families and friends .Each cell has a double barred window and double wooden doors reinforced in iron with large bolts. At least two prisoners could be kept in each cell. The prison was also used in the early 1920's and it is from that period that most of the prisoners scribbles and drawings inside the cells date.Two of the cells were reserved for female prisoners who had to be kept separate from the men. – more images here
Prisoners Graffiti inside the Barga Prison
"I messaggi dei prigionieri incisi sulle pareti delle carceri del Palazzo Pretorio"; interverrà la dottoressa Orietta Giusfredi curatrice delle ricerche storiche del Museo Civico.
The Civic Museum is housed in the Palazzo Pretorio, which was built along with the underground prison during the first half of the 14th century. Palazzo Pretorio was the residence of the Podestà , the representative of Florentine power in Barga.
The Podestà took part in council decisions, but his main role was to administer Law and Order.
The Podestà lived and worked on the upper floor and what is now the entrance to the museum was then the main hall where trials were carried out and sentences passed.Those found guilty of crimes were either hung or taken below and imprisoned.
Each cell has a double barred window and double wooden doors reinforced in iron with large bolts. At least two prisoners could be kept in each cell. The prison was also used in the early 1920's and it is from that period that most of the prisoners scribbles and drawings inside the cells date. Two of the cells were reserved for female prisoners who had to be kept separate from the men.
Recent restoration work inside the prison has revealed another layer of graffiti from a much earlier period. The flaking plaster has been carefully removed in places to finally bring back to the light images with a religious content … images of The Madonna and St. Christopher, the Patron Saint of Barga . Experts are still working on trying to pinpoint a precise date for when the prisoners used the walls as their canvas and diary.
More images from the last time to cells were open to the public in March 2007 can be seen here
The site for the Museo Civico del Territorio di Barga can be seen here


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MedMen Enterprises, a Culver City-based cannabis investment and management firm, is on the verge of a public offering on the Canadian Stock Exchange, with a value north of $1.6 billion, according to a source familiar with the transaction.
The company announced plans for a reverse merger last month with Ladera Ventures, but did not specify a valuation or when the public offering would occur. A source with knowledge of the transaction said that a presale offering of MedMen shares raised approximately $100 million.
MedMen operates upscale cannabis retail boutiques from Santa Monica Boulevard to Fifth Avenue in New York and sells both recreational and medicinal marijuana products legal under state laws. Operations include a 45,000-square-foot greenhouse in Nevada. The company operates 18 facilities in total in California, Nevada and New York.
The company opted to go public in Canada because major U.S. stock exchanges will not list cannabis companies as marijuana is still illegal under U.S. federal law.
MedMen would be the second U.S.-headquartered company to list on the Canadian Stock Exchange.
See related story "Culver City-Based Medmen Enterprises Goes Public on Canadian Exchange."


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« Last Draftee Bids Farewell to Fellow Soldiers | Main | War In Afghanistan News - 08 Oct 2011 »
Middle East News 7 October 2011
Nobel Peace Prize given to a Yemeni woman, and two Liberians.
The United States is calling for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to step down immediately, following the alleged assassination of a key opposition leader.
In Libya, Sirte is still under seige, as Libyan provisional government fighters are engaged in intense battles with former leader Moammar Gadhafi's loyalists in his hometown.
The death of a teenager at an anti-government rally in Bahrain has prompted a police investigation.
Palestinian bloggers were blocked from attending the 3rd Arab Bloggers Conference in Tunis.
A Hong Kong shipping line is under investigation for breaching UN sanctions placed on Iran.
Yemen/Liberia
For the first time in Nobel Peace Prize history, the prestigious honor has gone to a group of women, in honor of women.
On Friday, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Liberian activist Leymah Gbowee and Yemeni peace activist Tawakkul Karman with the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
"Ladies and gentleman, the Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2011 is to be divided in three equal parts between Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman for their non-violent struggle, for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."
Mrs. Sirleaf is Africa's first democratically-elected woman president. Gbowee is known for uniting women against Liberia's warlords. And Karman is a Yemeni journalist and an outspoken human rights activist.
The Harvard-educated Liberian president took office in 2006, putting women's rights at the top of her agenda. She said that she owes the award to African women.
"I am very excited, thankful and humbled," Sirleaf said."I believe it is a recognition of many years of struggle but I also believe it is a recognition of the Liberian people quest for peace."
A White House statement strongly condemned Friday's killing of Mashaal Tammo, the spokesman for the Kurdish Future Party and a member of a newly formed Syrian opposition coalition. Activists say masked gunmen killed him at his home in the northern town of Qamishliwhen.
The White House warned Mr. Assad must step down now "before taking his country further down this very dangerous path."
It also said the attacks demonstrate the Syrian regime's latest attempts to shut down peaceful opposition inside Syria, where thousands of protesters have been rallying for President Bashar al-Assad's departure.
The opposition leader was among eight people killed Friday in Syria, allegedly by security forces.
Libyan provisional government fighters are engaged in intense battles with former leader Moammar Gadhafi's loyalists in his hometown.
Witnesses say heavy artillery fire has rocked Sirte as the National Transitional Council fighters try to widen their hold. Friday's fighting has been centered around the Ouagadougou conference center, where pro-Gadhafi fighters are based.
The provisional government fighters have been battling for control of Sirte for three weeks. They have predicted they will gain full control within the next few days.
Commanders of NATO operations in Libya also believe pro-Gadhafi fighters are on the verge of defeat. A senior U.S. defense official said Friday that NATO commanders believe Gadhafi no longer commands forces loyal to him.
Sirte, located about 360-kilometers east of Tripoli, is one of the few remaining holdouts for the former leader's loyalists.
Medical workers said Friday that at least eight NTC fighters had been killed in the Sirte offensive and more than 100 wounded.
Police in Bahrain are investigating the death of a teenager who was killed during an anti-government rally.
A government statement says the youth, identified as Ahmed Jaber, died late Thursday during violent clashes at a rally in the country's north.
Opposition and human rights groups say he died when a shot from a police pellet gun entered either his heart or lungs.
The government says it is investigating the case.
At least 30 people have died since Bahrain's Shi'ite-led majority began protesting to seek more political rights from the ruling Sunni monarchy.
Pro-democracy activists attending this week's 3rd annual Arab Bloggers Conference in Tunis thought they were gathering for four days of networking, socializing and information sharing; instead, they found themselves organizing yet another protest.
The list of attendees reads like a Who's Who of the Arab Spring, but most notable were the participants who were prevented from showing up - Palestinian bloggers. Organizers invited twelve bloggers to Tunis, but only one Palestinian blogger, Saed Karzoun, was granted a visa. It's believed that this is because he submitted a visa request much earlier than the others. Entry was denied to the other eleven.
Lama Hourani is a program coordinator in the West Bank office of the Heinrich Boell Foundation, which co-sponsored the meeting along with Global Voices Online and Tunisia's Nawaat Association. She says she followed the same procedures in applying for visas for the Palestinians as she did all for all the other conference attendees.
"We were told that it would only take a few days, don't worry," said Hourani. "And then suddenly, we were told after a few days, that the Ministry of the [Tunisian] Interior refused the visas."
Hourani says the Embassy offered no reason, but suggested she appeal to the Interior Ministry to reconsider their decision. She says the Embassy claimed they had denied the visas because Nawaat is not a registered organization in Tunisia and therefore, the conference itself was not licensed.
n the past year the United Nations has tried to tighten restrictions on an Iranian shipping company accused of helping Tehran gather materials for its nuclear program. Security Council Resolution 1929 has helped locate ships operating under the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL) and turn them away from ports in Europe and North America. The measure has been much less effective in Asia.
Last week, David S. Cohen, U.S. Treasury undersecretary for terrorism and financial intelligence, again warned the Asian shipping industry that conducting business with the IRISL contravenes international law.
Meeting industry representatives in Hong Kong, Cohen named 19 ships that he says the Iranian company renamed and transferred ownership to local shell companies to conceal their identity.
Claudia Rosett is with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies - an institute financed by private donors and the U.S. government that studies terrorism. She has investigated the Iranian company's sanctions-thwarting methods by using records in the Hong Kong Marine Department.
"You start to see what is really an amazing global network of shell companies, deceptive practices and so on, with which Iran has been trying to get around sanctions on its commercial shipping," she said.
Rosett says one former IRISL ship now registered to a Hong Kong shell company has even been renamed The Alias.
US warning
The U.S. Treasury department warns that any organization found trading with IRISL - even one of its covertly registered entities - would be considered to be helping thwart the United Nations sanctions.
However, Hong Kong marine industry representatives say they do not have the resources adequately to police one of the world's busiest ports, through which almost half a million ships and 268 million tons of cargo pass each year.
Industry representatives say they need extra intelligence to keep IRISL out of Hong Kong and to prevent their business being unfairly tarnished.
Arthur Bowring is managing director of the Hong Kong Shipowners Association, which includes insurers, fuelling companies, port authorities and other marine services providers.
"A lot of the information is very vague," he said. "It's a minefield for operators; a lawyer's paradise in many ways."
Bowring says the industry is committed to upholding sanctions against Iran, which were incorporated into Hong Kong law this June. But he adds that his members are not intelligence experts and yet are being asked by Washington to second-guess which, if any, companies might be a front for IRISL.
"It makes life extremely difficult for ship owners, who don't want to trade with Iran, aren't trading with Iran. Yet they are caught up with the associated link," he says.
All content based on VOA News reorts.
Posted by tankerbrosbrat on Saturday, October 08, 2011 at 06:08 in Africa, Current Affairs, Iran, Libya, Syria, Yemen | Permalink


The David Sobey Centre for Innovation in Retailing & Services recently published The Promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Retailing. This report provides an overview of AI's future potential and its impact on modern retail.
Retailers with an interest in AI will be introduced to practical uses for AI in retail logistics, supply chain, strategic planning, marketing, store operations and customer experience. The report also provides retailers with some things to consider for implementing AI into the modern retail mix, such as security, human resources and financial considerations.


Two of Shakespeare's earliest plays, Richard III and Romeo and Juliet, open with sonnets and then employ variations on the sonnet's structure for dramatic and poetic effect. This isn't surprising. At this point in Shakespeare's life he seems to have had dual career goals. First, he wanted to make money, which he could accomplish through theater. But in Elizabethan times theater was still considered hack work. To earn respect as a literary star he had to write poetry, good and popular poetry.


Dr. I. was only a medical student when he met Ofir and they became close. The doctor's brother is a helicopter pilot in the Israel Defense Forces. (Because of security purposes, pilots are cannot be identified and since the doctor has the same last name, his name needs to be withheld as well.) Because of Hadassah's pivotal role in providing emergency services for the nation, the pilot sometimes lands at Hadassah. One day, the pilot called his brother to tell him he was stopping by Hadassah as part of a helicopter military preparedness exercise. Since Ofir was in the hospital for treatment, Dr. I asked him if he would like to see a helicopter landing.
Ofir was very excited. When he and Dr. I. headed for the Hadassah landing pad, they could already see the chopper in the air, about to land. Ofir was devastated because it seemed he was going to miss being there in time for the landing. Because of his heart condition, he could not run.
Dr. I. called his brother and told him they were on their way. The pilot hovered over the landing pad until they arrived and then brought down the chopper right in front of them. Dressed in full gear, the pilot stepped out and introduced himself to Ofir, shook Ofir's hand, and showed him the helicopter. They took photos together. Their newly formed relationship continues with the pilot periodically sending Ofir posters and presents from his Air Force unit.
"When we talk about the Hadassah family, we mean it," says Dr. I. "The sky's the limit."


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Ophthalmic Research and Reviews
OPTICAL NEUROPATHY: ANTIGLAUCOMATOUS TREATMENTS OFFERED BY THE UNIQUE HEALTH SYSTEM IN BRAZIL, AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAST DECADE
Research Article of American Journal of Ophthalmic Research and Reviews
Amanda Prado1*; William Bigliardi Zibetti2
1Medical student at the Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
2Resident doctor of Ophthalmology at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Introduction: Optical neuropathy with progressive loss of visual field, glaucoma represents the main cause of irreversible blindness.
Objectives: To analyze the frequency of antiglaucomatous procedures performed by the Unified Health System (SUS), in the last 10 years, requiring hospitalization and outpatient care.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative retrospective study, carried out through consultations and data analysis of antiglaucomatous procedures in the DATASUS system, between January 2010 and December 2019.
Results: In Brazil, trabeculectomy was the most performed procedure in the last 10 years. Outpatient care had an average of 10,661 per year, on the other hand, the need for hospitalization increased by 70%. The second procedure that generated the most hospitalizations was the implantation of an anti-glaucomatous prosthesis, which doubled in the corresponding period. Cyclodialysis was the least used procedure in the 10 years of analysis, both on an outpatient and hospital basis, and is reserved for the final stages of glaucoma. Surgical iridectomy, used for acute treatment, showed a reduction, in 2019 it represented less than a third compared to 2010. As for outpatient procedures using lasers, such as phototrabeculoplasty and iridotomy, they showed significant growth.
Conclusion: Trabeculectomy is considered the gold standard, justifying its greater frequency, both on an outpatient and hospital basis. Procedures using laser are expanding, trabeculoplasty as an alternative to primary therapy, and iridotomy for greater safety in acute treatment. As the population ages, glaucoma tends to be increasingly prevalent, contributing to the progressive increase in trabeculectomies.
Keywords: Glaucoma treatment. Optical neuropathy. Trabeculectomy.
Amanda Prado; William Bigliardi Zibetti.OPTICAL NEUROPATHY: ANTIGLAUCOMATOUS TREATMENTS OFFERED BY THE UNIQUE HEALTH SYSTEM IN BRAZIL, AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAST DECADE. American Journal of Ophthalmic Research and Reviews, 2021, 4:6. DOI:10.28933/ajoorr-2021-08-0105
1. Guedes RAP, Guedes VMP, Chaoubah A. Cost-effectiveness in glaucoma. Concepts, results and current perspective [Internet]. Vol. 75, Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia. 2016. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0034-7280.20160068
2. Foster A, Gilbert C, Johnson G. Changing patterns in global blindness: 1988-2008. Community Eye Health. 2008 Sep;21(67):37–9.
3. Kanski JJ, Bowling B. Oftalmología clínica + Expert Consult. Elsevier España; 2012. 920 p.
4. Conhecimentos sobre prevenção e tratamento de glaucoma entre pacientes de unidade hospitalar [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 7]. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/abo/v67n5/22208.pdf
5. Susanna R Jr. Glaucoma: Informações essenciais para preservar sua visão. MG Editores; 2013. 88 p.
6. Javitt JC, Aiello LP, Bassi LJ, Chiang YP, Canner JK. Detecting and Treating Retinopathy in Patients with Tyke I Diabetes Mellitus [Internet]. Vol. 98, Ophthalmology. 1991. p. 1565–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32086-4
7. Javitt JC. Preventing blindness in americans: the need for eyehealth education. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995 Jul;40(1):41–4.
8. Seguimento Pós-Trabeculectomia [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 9]. Available from: https://www.sbglaucoma.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/DIRETRIZ-SEGUIMENTO-P%C3%93S-TRABECULECTOMIA.pdf
9. Marquardt D, Lieb WE, Grehn F. Intensified postoperative care versus conventional follow-up: a retrospective long-term analysis of 177 trabeculectomies [Internet]. Vol. 242, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2004. p. 106–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-003-0775-9
10. King AJ, Rotchford AP, Alwitry A, Moodie J. Frequency of bleb manipulations after trabeculectomy surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul;91(7):873–7.
11. Knapp A. THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA BY CYCLODIALYSIS [Internet]. Vol. LIII, Journal of the American Medical Association. 1909. p. 765. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1909.92550100001001c
12. Filho JGGL, José Garone Gonçalves, Costa VP, Goldbaum M. Hipotonia ocular secundária à ciclodiálise: descrição de 4 casos e revisão de literatura [Internet]. Vol. 60, Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia. 1997. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.19970011
13. Bengtsson B, Heijl A, Johannesson G, Andersson-Geimer S, Aspberg J, Lindén C. The Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS), a randomized clinical trial: design, methodology and baseline data. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep;96(6):557–66.
14. Caretti L, Buratto L. Surgical Iridectomy. In: Glaucoma Surgery. Springer, Cham; 2018. p. 55–9.
15. Cohen LP, Pasquale LR. Clinical characteristics and current treatment of glaucoma. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med [Internet]. 2014 Jun 2;4(6). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a017236
16. Costa VP, Vasconcelos JPC, Pelegrino M, Kara-José N. O que os pacientes sabem sobre glaucoma? [Internet]. Vol. 58, Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia. 1995. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.19950089


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ARCHIVIO MEDIA
le Aree di Attività
Universitá
21 Giu Geronimo Cardia: Territorial issue – Prohibitions on legal gambling as set forth by local regulations
Inserito alle 12:49h in Notizie da GCLEGAL
I have been asked to sum up the conversation concerning the conflict between, on the one hand, the territorial, regional, county and municipal law and, on the other, the national law. I will gladly do so, as in Part One. I would also like to thank "Gioco News", in particular Alessio Crisantemi, who has been highly receptive to the various comments I made. Nevertheless, I believe it is important to briefly and consistently summarize my thoughts concerning such issues, thoughts which I developed over a long period of time.
Since 2011, legal gambling operators have been trying to highlight at all levels (judicial, cultural, press) how the laws concerning the allocation and distribution arrangements of legal gambling services enacted by different institutions (such as Regional, County, Municipality – the latter having to comply with regional and county laws if existing) are inadequate, inapplicable and illegitimate. Such phenomenon impacts the legal effects of said laws.
First of all, despite the fact that this question seems to be a cause of concern only for territorial law, the said issue is very important, especially because it has reached the national level. There are many regional and county anti-legal gambling laws [1], and even more municipal measures [2].
Secondly, this issue is particularly important because it affects an entire industry and all its related activities. The existing laws mainly damage legal gambling operators, while, depending on the initiative, state licensed operators, providers, slot and video lottery vendors, bets and bingo providers – no one excluded, together with every technology supplier, manufactures and everyone else involved – are also penalised
Thirdly, it is important to focus on this because fit and fair regulations – just as much as unfit and unfair regulations – of legal gambling inevitably impacts on the health, public order and individual state revenue.
Throughout the years the territorial law has introduced a series of disincentives to the allocation of legal gambling services and a series of restrictions on them. Among others there are the following: (i) a minimum distance between slot machine and sensitive locations (ii) time restrictions (iii) absolute advertising ban. Such impediments concern both existing and future business.
The legal gambling operators have always pointed out some crucial aspects of the above-mentioned limitations.
Firstly, an analysis of the current measures adopted in different locations reveal that: (i) the minimum distance varies from one place to another (either because of the different minimum distance imposed, or due to different sensible locations) (ii) different time restrictions (either because of the different total amount of allowed hours, or because of the different daily schedule) (iii) different advertising ban (considering that the ban is absolute only in some cases, or that the benchmark has to be set according to national standards, or because it is unnecessary).
Secondly, the inquiry acknowledges that the targeted public interest varied from one place to another. In some cases, the law cited health as its target, in others the goal was the protection of the weaker segments of society, furthermore the objective was public order, finally the law cited urban traffic.
Thirdly, it has emerged that these provisions are not adequate for finding a solution to the issue raised. For example, it seems that the banning of the opening of new gambling facilities does not necessarily protect health nor the weaker segment of society, since that there may not be restrictions in the surrounding areas. Moreover, another example is that it has been proven that time restrictions on bakeries does not necessarily reduce the number or people affected by diabetes. There are many viable solutions, but this another matter and we will deal with it another time.
Fourthly, it has been stressed that, for law enforcement purpose, the national law establishes and will continue to establish regulations on legal gambling by the so called "quota decrees". Such decrees provide for explicit prohibitions for minors, time restrictions enforced by the local authorities, and advertising restrictions.
Lastly, since 2011 what has been vociferously pointed out is that instead of regulating the allocation and the distribution arrangement of legal gambling services, the existing local laws actually prohibits such activities. This phenomenon is in clear contrast with the national law that has been moving towards the regulation of such matters rather than pursuing a prohibitionist strategy.
Having said that, we will now proceed to analyze the existing advertising ban laws. There is not much to comment about it rather than aside from the fact that a ban concerning non-regulated ads practically prohibits the promotion of legal gambling. Moreover, different laws are put in place in different areas. For example, if one chooses to sponsor its activities on a nation-wide TV channel, how can one pretend to black out the add in the areas where there are such restrictions? Apart from the fact that the ban is in violation of the principle of advertising regulation , as clarified by the so called Balduzzi Decree [3] and from the 2016 Budget Law [4], a study suggests that there are many problems connected to the conflict between regional and city laws in contrast with the national ones. Such discrepancies must be solved in a clear and fast manner.
The following regions are affected by such problem:
Liguria [5]
Lazio [6]
Lombardy[7]
Tuscany[8]
Abruzzo[9]
Puglia[10]
Friuli Venezia Giulia[11]
Autonomous Provinces of Trento and Bolzano[12]
Moving on to the next topic, it is important to note that the term time restrictions seems to be an understatement. Indeed, there are cases in which, out of 24 hours, the law allows only 5 hours a day of opening hours in Naples for example Moreover, what seems to be the most important issue is the macroscopic impact of the crowding out effect of the minimum distance laws.
Instead of regulating the allocation of legal gambling service over a specific area, the Territorial Law completely bans it.
Rather than identifying the restricted areas where the allocation of legal gambling is prohibited (as stated in the preamble to Territorial Law) it instead establishe an unlawful prohibition.
In other words, because of the extent of the ban and of the high number of sensible spots identified, it turns out that there are practically no available areas throughout the entire territory where legal gambling can be practiced.
In order to demonstrate the crowding out effect legal operators and trade associations have often asked experts to assess such a phenomenon. The analysis demonstrates that, in 100% of the cases examined, the extent of the prohibition was almost a 100% of the territory in question. The case studies are the following:
Crowding out effect legal report Naples
Crowding out effect legal report Bari
Crowding out effect legal report Genova
Crowding out effect legal report Florence
Crowding out effect legal report Trento
Crowding out effect legal report Bolzano
Crowding out effect legal report Milan[13]
Crowding out effect legal report Vicenza
Crowding out effect legal report Vigevano
Crowding out effect legal report Sulmona
Crowding out effect legal report Lodi
Crowding out effect legal report Pioltello
Crowding out effect legal report San Michele
Crowding out effect legal report Riva del Garda
Crowding out effect legal report Mori
Crowding out effect legal report Mezzolombardo
Crowding out effect legal report Mezzocorona
Crowding out effect legal report Condino
Crowding out effect legal report Campitello di Fassa
Crowding out effect legal report Recco
Crowding out effect legal report Borgo Valsugana
For this reason, in Part Two of this paper we provide a document in which the latest colour- based charts of the restricted areas subjected to such provisions. The analysis of the said chart points to the fact that the areas affected by interdiction correspond to essentially 100% of the territory in question. In this regard, I want to thank the Menato and Meneghetti Firm in Padua that, throughout all of these years, have promptly and efficiently carried out the fundamental and complicated technical assessments and authorized its publishing. Finally, I would also like to thank the operators and the trade associations involved.
It has been often pointed out that the Territorial Law, instead of identifying some restricted areas (creating the so called "leopard skin effect" because of the predominance of black spots on its fur), has blocked the distribution of legal gambling in the entire territory (creating the so called "panther skin effect" because of its monochromatic fur).
Moreover, contrary to what has often been affirmed, the crowding out effect has not only impacted the new business but also more pertinently the existing ones. It is impossible to open new gaming rooms because the new ones will most likely be in one of the many forbidden areas. Instead, with regard to the existing ones, they will soon be impacted by the crowding out effect due to the five-year license regime. This is already happening in the County of Bolzano, where since 2011 the Territorial Law has established a five-year license.
The same thing is going to happen soon to the existing supplying betting services business also because of their license regime, which are soon to expire and are not going to be renewed, but will remain banned as set out by Stability Law 2016.
In other words, despite the fact that the operators meet the standards required by law and have the right to open a betting business (and have also paid the related fees), the authorizations will be rejected because their location is placed in a restricted area of. Moreover, they also do not have the possibility to move their business into another area because the ban is applicable essentially everywhere.
The expulsion of all legal gambling operators from the examined areas has important consequences on both the private sector and public interest.
Concerning the private sector, the expulsion of legal operators causes big losses in terms of profits and in terms of damages for the business itself, which in turn produces negative consequences on direct employment as well as on the entire industrial complex.
Moreover, for what concerns the public interest, notice that the exclusion of lawful operators creates a series of permanent effect on public safety, health and State revenues. This is true due to the following.
(i) The State revenues are directly and proportionally affected by betting and gaming taxes (for example the one-off tax withdrawal, concession fees and others) because such taxes are based on a certain percentage of the total volume of legal gambling.
(ii) Moreover, the State revenues are also affected by the fact that, because the operators can no longer carry out their activities they no longer generate profits. Therefore, the State loose income taxes.
(iii) It becomes clear now that all the time and space taken away from legal gambling, will be at the disposal of illegal gambling operators, which are able to meet the demand. Such phenomenon can be proven by simply reading the news.
(iv) Furthermore, contrary to legal gambling, illegal gambling leads to the spread of illegal games. Indeed, the second ones latter fall short of those mechanism put in place in order to curb the spreading of gambling disorders.
All these aspects can violate important legal principles imposed by the National Law, as in the examples following examples.
(i)The prohibitions of legal gambling on the examined areas must be assessed also in light of the violation of the statutory reserve that it produces. Indeed, the crowding out effect impedes the implementation of National Law which allows for the regulation and not the prohibition of gambling.
To overcome this problem, it is not by chance that the Balduzzi's Decree and the 2016 Stability Law call for an end of such phenomenon through to the actions of the Joint Session ("Conferenza Unificata") by proposing the deadline on April, the 30th 2016[14] .
(ii) The Territorial Law and the crowding out effect it determines are in conflict with the "subsidiarity principle" that allows the State, acting as legislator, and in compliance with the principle of fair cooperation (i) to exert its regulatory power even on a concurrent legislative competence, by defining the principles with which the local legislation has to comply with and (ii) to confer at the central level the administrative function when, according to parameter of dominance, it is a concurrent or residual regional competence.
The need of a "uniformed application" of the subsidiary principle, from the State's point of view, emerges (i) from various and concurrent elements of the legal system; (ii) from the Balduzzi Decree and (iii) from Art. 14 of the Fiscal Proxy Law 11 March 2014, no. 23; (iv) from the said 2016 Stability Law (art. 1, paragraph 936); (v) from Title V of the Italian Constitution; (vi) from the Bill 7 July 2015, no. 2000, submitted by PD ( the Italian "Partito Democratico", Democratic Party) senators. Therefore, the above-mentioned "uniformed application" of the subsidiary principle arises both from regulatory measures and from measures that have not been approved yet.
(iii) It has even been noted that the Territorial Law and its crowding out effect are in conflict with Art. 17, paragraph III, last clause of the Constitution that states "In the case of concurrent legislative competences, the regulatory power is entitled to the Regions, except for the fixation of fundamental principles which is exclusively entitled to the State's legislation". In addition, it often recalled that settled case-law concerning the electromagnetic fields and the need of installing mobile telephone masts, affirm that local and territorial institutions are not allowed to exceed the limits set by National Law.
(iv) Moreover, the Constitution affirms that the legislative competences regarding the fixation of fundamental health services standards and the political and social rights, are exclusively entitled to the national authority, to ensure equal treatments throughout the entire Nation, as per Art. 117, paragraph 2, letter m).
(v) Last but not least, with reference to the violation of the principle of free enterprise as put forth by Art. 41 of the Constitution, the crowding out effect is due to the impossibility of implementing legal gambling services in the said areas. Such effect it is not a proportionate one and it is over-demanding because it causes the complete ceasing of this business activity. If, as it has been proven, the private individual can't provide for the legal gambling services anywhere in the said area, because of the Territorial Law, we are not only talking about a partial effort but about an "over-demanding sacrifice" and this leads to a complete state of imbalance towards the private citizen.
The Italian jurisprudence is starting to take into account such a phenomenon. Among others, it is worth recalling a recent decision, together with the pending lawsuit in examination by the Constitutional Court to declare the constitutional invalidity of Art. 7, Puglia's Provincial Law 13 December 2013, no. 43 about "Counter-action to the spread of gambling addiction", because in contrast with Art. 117, paragraph 2, letter h and Art. 117, paragraph 3 of the Italian Constitution.
With reference to two same decisions of the Council of State (section III, 10 February 2016, no. 578 and no. 579), which provide for needs an adequate motivation and of an in-depth investigation during the preliminary phase. Both sentences declared unlawful the apodictic fixation of distance between sensible spots, when lacking of an appropriate investigation about the effective manifestation of gambling disorders over the territory, and when lacking an adequate evaluation of whether the established distance is proportionate and maintainable "as it doesn't impede new gambling stores' allocations and the availability of alternative locations, in view of possible transfer of active business", in relation to the huge amount of sensible spots identified.
As confirmed by the decision issued at first instance by the Emilia Romagna's Regional Administrative Court, which granted the appeal of a manager against the rules fixed by Bologna's Municipality, the Council of State observed that "in this case, despite the fact that the distance between the game halls is aimed at spacing out the places in which we can find the subjects needing for protection, and despite that the distance is based on a generally shared parameter, it lacks of a technical norm which actually measures the real effectiveness of said distance (…) Bologna's Municipality should have analyzed more in detail the incidence of gambling disorders throughout its own territory, according to it assess what is the adequate distance to abide by, in conjunction to the true dimension of the phenomenon it want to oppose, and verify if such distance is proportionate and maintainable, so that it could not impede the opening of new gaming rooms or and the possibility of finding an alternative locations in light of possible transfer of existing ones. It is possible to affirm that an abuse of discretion has occurred in this case. Nevertheless, the plaintiff Municipality has not made clear the reason for it, nor has it done in in the documents on the record".
In conclusion, it is possible to affirm that we should start from these case-laws, together with the works of the Joined Session, to re-establish balance in this sector and provide the right regulations and the right protection for citizens and consumers, providing a definitive solution to the paradox of prohibitionist Regional Administrative Law (here recalled on the Part Three) and of prohibitionist Municipal Administrative Law (here recalled in the Part Four).
[1] Puglia's R.L. n. 43/2013, Piedmont's R.L. n. 1/2014, R.L. Lombardy's R.L. n. 11/2015 and n. 8/2013, Friuli Venezia Giulia's R.L. n. 1/2014, Valle d'Aosta's R.L. n.14/2015, Veneto's R.L n. 6/2015, Liguria's R.L. n. 17/2012, Emilia Romagna's R.L. n.5/2013, Tuscany R.L. 57/2013 and n. 85/2014, Lazio's R.L. n. 5/2013, Umbria's R.L. 21/2014, Abruzzo's R.L. n. 40/2013, Campania's R.L. n. 1/2016, Basilicata's R.L. n. 30/2014, Trentino's R.L. n. 13/2015, Alto Adige's R.L. n. 13/2010.
[2] Regulation adopted by Naples City Council decision n. 71/2015; Regulation adopted by Lodi City Council decision n. 112/2015; Regulation adopted by Genova City Council decision n. 21/2013; Florence City Council regulation n. 1/2011; Bologna City Council ordinance n.140904/2015; Milan City Council ordinance n. 63/2014; Terni City Council ordinance n. 84869/2010; Regulation adopted by Vicenza City Council decision n. 62/86323 of 2011; Regulation adopted by Pitonello City Council decision n. 26/2012; Regulation adopted by La Spezia City Council decision n.1/2012; Regulation adopted by Imperia City Council decision of 18.2.2010; Regulation adopted by Recco City Council decision n.3/2008 as amendments; Salerno City Council ordinance n. 42421/2011; Umbria City Council ordinance n. 29700/2010; Regulation adopted by Riva del Garda decision n. 21/2013; Regulation adopted by Padua City Council decision n. 34/2010; Regulation adopted by Trento City Council decision n. 56/2012; Regulation adopted by Ventimiglia City Council decision n. 75/2014; Regulation adopted by Lecco City Council decision n. 33/2011; Regulation adopted by Valamadrera City Council decision n. 56/2014; Regulation adopted by Borgo Valsugana decision n. 32/2012; Regulation adopted by Gavello City Council decision n. 34/2012; Regulation adopted by Olgiate Olona decision n. 39/2010; Regulation adopted by Serravalle Pistoiese decision n. 19/2010; Regulation adopted by Brescia City Council decision n. 153/36849 of 2010; Regulation adopted by Bra City Council decision n. 16/2011; Regulation adopted by Bovezzo City Council decision n. 25/2012; Rovereto City Council deliberation CC n. 6/2015; Regulation adopted by Prato City Council decision n. 61/2012; Regulation adopted by Casteggio decision n. 79/2014; Regulation adopted by Mirabello City Council decision n. 62/2014; Regulation adopted by Gabliate City Council decision n. 79/2014; Regulation adopted by Barzanò City Council decision n. 39/2011; Regulation adopted by Masnaga City Council decision n. 3/2012; Regulation adopted by Pesaro City Council decision n. 61/2010; Regulation adopted by Ponte San Pietro City Council decision n. 31/2010; Formia City Council regulation approved September 2014; Formignana Municipality Regulation; Ostellato Municipality Regulation; Regulation adopted by Lagosanto City Council decision n. 18/2011; Regulation adopted by Peccetto Torninese City Council decision n. 20/2013.
[3] Decree Law n. 158 of 13.09.2012 converted into L. n. 189 of 08.11.2012 (the so called Balduzzi Decree): sets advertising regulation as for (a) Art. 7 comma 4: "It is forbidden to advertise cash prize games during televised or radiocast shows, plays and movies broadcast whose targeted audience are minors, and during thirty minutes before and after their broadcast. It is also forbidden the advertising in any shape or form on daily newspapers and periodicals whose targeted audience are minors, and in cinemas during movies destined to minors. It is also forbidden to advertise cash prize games during televised or radiocast shows, plays and movies broadcast, on the internet in case of even one of the following situations: a) incitement to gambling by glorification of it b) in the presence of minors c) lack of warning concerning the risks connected to gambling addiction, as well as the possibility of consulting information disclosure note about the odds of winning from the Custom and Monopoly Agency, also available in gambling shops; (b) Art. 7 comma 4-bis: "Cash prize games advertising must visibly list the odd of winning for each and every game. In case it is impossible to determine the exact chances of winning, one must disclose the historical percentage of similar games; (c) Art. 7 comma 4-bis last sub-paragraph: "In case of violation (of Art. 7 comma 4-bis) the proponent is obliged to modify the means, terms and number of ads in order to be in compliance with the original advertising campaign, explicitly declaring the requirements as set by this article, and that such repetition is due to the violation of this article itself; (d) Art. 7 comma 6: " Both the purchaser of the add, as referred to in comma 4, and the means of advertisement's owner are punishable by fine of €100.000 up to €500.000.
[4] The 2016 Budget Law affirms that: "973. Notwithstanding article 7, comma 4 and 5 Decree Law September 13, 2012 n. 58, modified and converted into law by law n. 189 of November 8, 2012, notwithstanding the advertising prohibitions, as set by article 4, comma 2 of the law n. 401 of December 13, 1989, aimed at tackling the practicing abuse of gambling and in order to guarantee to the consumers, the players and minors a high level of protection, in order to protect their health and to reduce possible negative financial consequences connected to a compulsive or excess of gambling, the broadcasting of cash prize games brands must be in compliance with the European Union Commission's recommendation 2014/487/EU of July 14, 2014. The implementation criteria are put forth by the Decree of the Ministry of Economic Affair and Finance, to be adopted by, in coordinating with the Ministry of Health, after consulting with the Media Safeguard Authority, within one hundred and twenty days from the date of entry into force of this law.
Advertising is always forbidden in case of: a) promotion of excessive and out of control gambling behavior; b) denial that gambling is likely to lead to risks; c) failure to explicit the terms and conditions of bonuses and incentives; d) claiming or suggesting that gambling can solve financial and personal problems, namely that it is a viable alternative source of income compared to a regular job, rather than being a form of mere entertainment; e) suggesting that the player's experience and playing skills allows him to minimize or eliminate the risks of losing, or that such abilities will allow him to systematically win; f) targeting or mentioning, even implicitly, of minors, or depicting them or a figure-like characters while playing; g) uses of symbols, sketches, characters or people, directly and primary associated to minors, or that create a direct interest on them; h) leading to believe that gambling can contribute to boosting self-esteem, reputation and personal success; i) depicting of abstention from gambling as a negative behavior; l) mistaking the easiness of the game with the chances of winning; m) claiming false information concerning the odds of winning or the economic return that players can obtain from gambling; n) reference to instant credit service that can be used for gambling.
It is also forbidden to advertise cash prize games on the radio or television during show whose targeted audience is the entire population, in accordance with EU principles, from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Specialized media outlets, as established by Decree of the Ministry of Economic Affair and Finance, in coordination with Ministry of Economic Development and deferred prize drawing lot national lotteries, as set by article 21, comma 6 Decree Law July 1, 2009 n. 78, converted into law and amended by Law of August 3, 2009 n. 102 are excluded by this prohibition. Indirect forms of communication connected to the promotion of culture, research, sport, health and assistance are excluded and subjected to this comma.
The violation of the prohibitions as put forth by comma 938 and 939 and of the prescriptions of comma 937 is punishable with a fine, as set by article 7, comma 6 of Decree Law September 13, 2012, n. 158, converted into law and amended by Law November 8, 2012 n. 189. The fine is imposed on the party that requested the advertising, on party that carries it out and on the owner of the means through which the publicity is advertised, by the Media Safeguard Authority.
The Ministry of Health, in agreement with the Ministry of Education University and Research, shall establish information and awareness campaigns cornering the risks of gambling, even by using its own websites, focusing on all levels of education. In order to increase public awareness such campaigns must focus on the risks and health problems connected to gambling, by providing information about public and private services designed to tackle gambling addiction.
[5] In Liguria, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
(i)Liguria's Regional Law of 30.04.2012 n. 17 titled "Gaming room framework", provided for: (a) Art. 2, comma 3: "It is forbidden any type advertisement with respect to the opening or of the existing gaming rooms" (b) Art. 3, comma 1: "The fine, as set by law, is of a minimum € 1,000.00 to a maximum of € 5,000.00".
(ii)Municipal regulations. The following Provisions adopted by decision of the Genoa's City Council of 30.04.2013 n. 21/2013 are provided by way of examples: (a) Art. 9, comma 14, last sub-paragraph: "Outside shop exposition of signs, manuscripts and/or screening of material that advertise the recent or historical victories are forbidden"; (b) Art. 9, comma 15: "It is prohibited the advertising of the opening of a new gaming room"; (c) Art. 25, comma 2: "The violations of the provisions of the Regional Law of 30.04.2012 n. 17 are punishable, as set forth by art. 3 of the same law" (The fine, as set by law, is of a minimum of € 1,000.00 to a maximum of € 5,000.00); (d) Art. 25, comma 3 " Other violations of the present Regulation lead to a fine, as set by art. 7 bis of the Legislative Decree 276/2000 of the Consolidated Law on Local Government, whose total amount is determined in pursuant of art. 16 comma 2 of L.689/1981 namely € 500.00"; (e) Art. 25 comma 4: "According to art. 10 of the Consolidated Law on Local Government in case of repetition of the violation it is possible to suspend the license, or to revoke it in case of sever and repeated violations".
[6] In Lazio, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
Regional Law of 05.08.2013 n. 5 "Rules for the prevention and treatment for pathological gambling": (a) Art. 7: "It is forbidden the advertising in every shape or form of the opening or of the existing cash prize gaming rooms. It is also forbidden the granting of institutional advertising slots for cash prize games"; (b) Art. 12: "The violation of the provisions, as provided for by article 4, comma 1 and article 7, shall be subject to a fine of a minimum of € 1,000.00 to a maximum of € 5,000.00".
[7] In Lombardy, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
Lombardy's Regional Law of 21.10.2013 n. 8 "Rules for the prevention and treatment for pathological gambling": (a) Art. 5, comma 6: ": "It is forbidden the advertising in every shape or form of the opening or of the existing legal gaming rooms that is in contrast with article 7, commas 4, 4-bis and 5 of the Legislative Decree 158/2012"; (b) "Non-compliance with the provisions as put forth by article 5, comma 6 results in a fine of a minimum of € 1,000.00 to a maximum of € 5,000.00".
[8] In Tuscany, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
(i)Tuscany's Regional Law of 18.10.2013 n. 57 "Rules for the prevention and treatment for pathological gambling": (a) Art. 5: "The advertising of cash prize games it is forbidden if it incites or exalts gambling and, in other cases, as set by article 7 of the Decree Law September 13, 2012 n. 158, converted into law and amended by Law November 8, 2012 n. 189"; (b) Art. 14, comma 3: "Those who violates the provisions of article 5 and 6 are subjected to the penalty system as put forth by article 7, comma 6 of the Legislative Decree 158/2012, converted into law by L. 189/2012".
(ii)Regional Regulations. The following Provisions laid down by "Prato's Municipality Rules on amusing and entertaining devices and for the functioning of gaming rooms" approved by the City Council of 30.07.2012 decision n. 61 are provided by way of examples: (a) Art. 12, comma 1: "It is forbidden the advertising in any shape or form of gambling products in the municipal area"; (b) Art. 12, comma 2: "It is forbidden the displaying of signs such as "Casino", "House of gambling" or similar expressions"; (c) Art. 14, comma 2: "Unless otherwise specified by law, the violation of these Rules will be met by a fine of minimum 25.00 (twenty-five, 00) euros to a maximum of 500.00 (five-hundred, 00) euros".
[9] In Abruzzo, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
Abruzzo's Regional Law of 29.10.2013 n. 40 "Rules for the prevention and treatment for pathological gambling": (a) Art. 3, comma 5: "It is forbidden the advertising in any shape or form of the opening or of the existing legal gaming rooms or the installation of legal gambling devices in commercial or public shops"; (b) Art. 4, comma 1: "The violation of provisions provided for by this law, without prejudice to the duty to report to the authorities in case of ascertained offence laid down by the penal code, is punishable by a fine of a minimum of € 1,000.00 to a maximum of € 5,000.00".
[10] In Puglia, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
Puglia's Regional Law of 13.12.2013 n. 43 "Rules for the prevention and treatment for pathological gambling": (a) Art. 7, comma 7: "It is forbidden the advertising in any shape or form of the opening or of the existing gaming rooms"; (b) Art. 7, comma 8: "The non-compliance of the provisions provided for by comma 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 is punishable by a fine of a minimum of 6 thousand to a maximum of 10 thousand euros. The repetition of the violation is punishable by the temporary suspension of the business activities for a minimum of ten to a maximum of sixty days".
[11] In Friuli Venezia Giulia, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
Friuli Venezia Giulia's Regional Law of 14.02.2014 n. 1 "Rules for the prevention, treatment and tackling of gambling addiction and the problems and illness connected to it": (a) Art. 6, comma 8: "It is forbidden the advertising in any shape or form of the opening or of the existing gaming rooms contrary to article 7, comma 4, 4-bis and 5 of the Legislative Decree 158/2012; (b) Art. 9, comma 2: "The non-compliance with the prohibitions as set by article 6, comma 8, is punishable by a fine of a minimum of € 1,000.00 to a maximum of € 5,000.00".
[12] In Autonomous Province of Trento and Bolzano, besides the territorial laws, one should bear in mind the following local laws concerning advertising:
Regional Law of 13.05.1992 n. 13 "Norms concerning public performances": (a) Art. 5-bis, comma 3: "It is forbidden the advertising in any shape or form of the opening or of the existing gaming and amusement rooms"; (b) Art. 12, comma 1: "Without prejudice to penal laws, every violation of the provisions as laid down by article 2, 5, 5-bis, 8 and 9 is punishable by a fine of a minimum of € 144.00 to a maximum of € 1,410.00".
[13] In the present case, the chart was taken by Municipality's website.
[14] 2016 Stability Law, Art. 1, paragraph 936 states: "No later than April 30, 2016 at the Joint Session as of art. … of the Legislative Decree, 28 August 1997, no. 281 are to be determined the characteristics of the public gaming rooms facilities, the parameter for their allocation on the area, in order to guarantee the highest levels of health protection, public order, and the player's best intentions and to prevent the access to minors. The agreement reached in the Joint Session are incorporated in the Ministry of Economic Affairs' Decree".
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Gelato at Monella offers Willy Wonka-level indulgence. There are the classics (vanilla, chocolate mint, raspberry sorbet). And then there's the Darby Street shop's signature favourites that combine additional flavours and textures – brownie chunks, mascarpone meringue, hazelnut cookie crumbs, and dulce de leche – to produce some truly amazing gelato. There's a nod to an old favourite biscuit with Wagon Wheelin' (vanilla gelato, raspberry coulis, dark chocolate, vanilla cookie chunks and marshmallow) and a doughnut-inspired Homer Simpson (cinnamon gelato, raspberry coulis and cinnamon crusted donut chunks) all made from scratch using natural ingredients. Monella co-owner and gelato master Nathan Wicken says it all comes down to – to quote Mr Wonka himself – "pure imagination". "Anything can spark an idea – it could even go back to the things that you liked as a kid or a biscuit that you ate," Wicken says. "We like to take ideas like that. You deconstruct an idea and then re-create it in a way that you could make into a gelato flavour." A chef by trade, Wicken opened Monella three years ago with his partner Adriana Daley. They noticed a gap in the market and wanted to offer gelato done a little differently. "Traditional styles of gelato are generally a one flavour, one element product and we figured we wanted to add layers and textures to that and make them all ourselves," Wicken says. "You can't fool anyone these days – everybody is very switched on to food and everything involved – so we knew that if we did everything from scratch and built up from that, we would be able to create a really good business." Fun is a big focus at Monella because, as Wicken says, "that's what it's all about – when you think about gelato, it's an awesome, fun experience." That element of fun extends to the names too: Get Your Freak On, Ol' Dawg New Twix and Monella's best seller: Michael Jackson. The 'MJ' combines milk gelato with dulce de leche and chocolate fudge brownie chunks, forming a combination of light and dark elements – a cheeky reference to the King of Pop. Monella has recently launched a range of gelato cakes, including a Michael Jackson version, that are impressive inside and out. Inspired by Monella's most popular flavours, there are five gelato cakes which are available by pre-order, and range from $35 to $85 each (check monella.com.au for serving sizes and pricing). Wicken spent 12 months working on techniques to create the cakes, playing around with ideas until he was satisfied with the end result. The giant chocolate bar-style Snicker Licker has a flourless chocolate sponge cake base, a layer of chocolate gelato, peanut butter gelato and a layer of caramel and peanuts, is coated in milk chocolate and finished with milk chocolate velvet spray and a chocolate peanut praline disc. Pavlova is filled with fior di latte gelato rippled with passionfruit and raspberry coulis, with passionfruit and raspberry sorbet in the centre, cased in Italian meringue and dusted with raspberry powder. The Queen B has layers of chocolate and chocolate fondant gelato stacked between discs of chocolate and honeycomb chunks, with the dome-shaped creation filled with chocolate gelato and a core of honeycomb ganache that is finished with torched Italian meringue and honeycomb chunks. Arguably the most visually impressive is the Michael Jackson. The ball-shaped cake's base half combines vanilla and chocolate gelato, a chocolate fudge brownie disc with a white chocolate velvet spray, while the top has dulce de leche gelato rippled with caramel and a tempered chocolate top. It's the type of dessert you might see MasterChef grand final contestants challenged to re-create from a top chef – delicate, artistic and almost a shame to put a knife to it. "It is sort of like that and it's a double-edged sword because we want our cakes to look amazing and then also, when you bring them undone and cut them open, we want them to taste amazing too," Wicken says. In addition to the cakes and a range of choc tops, Monella is preparing to unveil another new product at the end of the month with the launch of macaron gelato sandwiches. The "colourful and awesome" macarons will be launched at the Newcastle Pride Fair Day on August 25 at Foreshore Park in Newcastle East. Monella, 49 Darby Street, Cooks Hill. Monday-Tuesday, 1pm to 10pm, Wednesday-Sunday, 1pm to 11pm. 4926 1512.
Gelato at Monella offers Willy Wonka-level indulgence.
There are the classics (vanilla, chocolate mint, raspberry sorbet). And then there's the Darby Street shop's signature favourites that combine additional flavours and textures – brownie chunks, mascarpone meringue, hazelnut cookie crumbs, and dulce de leche – to produce some truly amazing gelato.
There's a nod to an old favourite biscuit with Wagon Wheelin' (vanilla gelato, raspberry coulis, dark chocolate, vanilla cookie chunks and marshmallow) and a doughnut-inspired Homer Simpson (cinnamon gelato, raspberry coulis and cinnamon crusted donut chunks) all made from scratch using natural ingredients.
Monella co-owner and gelato master Nathan Wicken says it all comes down to – to quote Mr Wonka himself – "pure imagination".
A chef by trade, Wicken opened Monella three years ago with his partner Adriana Daley. They noticed a gap in the market and wanted to offer gelato done a little differently.
"Traditional styles of gelato are generally a one flavour, one element product and we figured we wanted to add layers and textures to that and make them all ourselves," Wicken says.
That element of fun extends to the names too: Get Your Freak On, Ol' Dawg New Twix and Monella's best seller: Michael Jackson.
The 'MJ' combines milk gelato with dulce de leche and chocolate fudge brownie chunks, forming a combination of light and dark elements – a cheeky reference to the King of Pop.
Monella has recently launched a range of gelato cakes, including a Michael Jackson version, that are impressive inside and out. Inspired by Monella's most popular flavours, there are five gelato cakes which are available by pre-order, and range from $35 to $85 each (check monella.com.au for serving sizes and pricing).
Wicken spent 12 months working on techniques to create the cakes, playing around with ideas until he was satisfied with the end result.
The giant chocolate bar-style Snicker Licker has a flourless chocolate sponge cake base, a layer of chocolate gelato, peanut butter gelato and a layer of caramel and peanuts, is coated in milk chocolate and finished with milk chocolate velvet spray and a chocolate peanut praline disc.
Pavlova is filled with fior di latte gelato rippled with passionfruit and raspberry coulis, with passionfruit and raspberry sorbet in the centre, cased in Italian meringue and dusted with raspberry powder.
Gelato perfection: The Michael Jackson, at Monella Gelato.
The Queen B has layers of chocolate and chocolate fondant gelato stacked between discs of chocolate and honeycomb chunks, with the dome-shaped creation filled with chocolate gelato and a core of honeycomb ganache that is finished with torched Italian meringue and honeycomb chunks.
Arguably the most visually impressive is the Michael Jackson. The ball-shaped cake's base half combines vanilla and chocolate gelato, a chocolate fudge brownie disc with a white chocolate velvet spray, while the top has dulce de leche gelato rippled with caramel and a tempered chocolate top.
It's the type of dessert you might see MasterChef grand final contestants challenged to re-create from a top chef – delicate, artistic and almost a shame to put a knife to it.
"It is sort of like that and it's a double-edged sword because we want our cakes to look amazing and then also, when you bring them undone and cut them open, we want them to taste amazing too," Wicken says.
In addition to the cakes and a range of choc tops, Monella is preparing to unveil another new product at the end of the month with the launch of macaron gelato sandwiches. The "colourful and awesome" macarons will be launched at the Newcastle Pride Fair Day on August 25 at Foreshore Park in Newcastle East.
Monella, 49 Darby Street, Cooks Hill. Monday-Tuesday, 1pm to 10pm, Wednesday-Sunday, 1pm to 11pm. 4926 1512.


Modern Roofing Center is part of a family business group of companies. Mr. Joseph Casubuan also owns and manages Boyzen Trading Corporation, Boy and Zeny Enterprises Incorporated (with two branches) and CLI Lending And Credit Corporation. These group of companies have a history of over 25 years. It started with the opening of Boy and Zeny hardware construction supplies in the 1980's. We have grown through giving excellent service to both trade, financial and private markets. The majority of our MRC work team are roof specialists and are able to offer comprehensive advice, sharing their knowledge and building excellent relationships with our customers.
MODERN ROOFING CENTER is a Laguna-based company mainly engaged in the all-roofing construction business and other construction supply and installation. MRC is a distributor of Residential, Commercial and Industrial in roofing materials. We offer a complete range of roofing materials, providing a single source for all your roofing needs. Extending further the service offered to our customers, we also provide free estimating and free advice. The Company also distributes complementary building materials, including sand and gravel, lumber products, steel fabrications and insulation application for residential and non-residential building exteriors. It provides a range of services to its customers. We hold a large library of product catalogues and specification sheets to assist you in making the right decision. In addition to the literature we are also able to provide you with samples on request.
To provide and deliver a highly professionalized quality and reliable services in the field of Construction and Engineering as well as to the other sector of servicing ( civil works, residential, commercial, industrial, renovation, painting, re-roofing, steel trusses fabrication, metal framing system, under sheeting installation, clay or concrete roof tile installation. This will be realized through consistent, safe and competitive cost with the highest quality performance through efficient supervision and management of our well experienced and highly technical personnel and dedicated logistical support.
Our Main objective is to perform for our clients the highest level of quality construction services at fair and market competitive prices. Our company through repeat and referral business achieved by customer satisfaction in all areas including timeliness, attention to detail and service-minded attitudes. To maintain the highest levels of professionalism, integrity, honesty and fairness in our relationships with our suppliers, subcontractors, professional associates and customers. At the same time provide and generate employment opportunities.
MODERN ROOFING CENTER specializes in the supply and installation of metal roofing and siding products and associated standard and custom components. We install Pre painted Rib Type, Concrete Roof Tile, Corrugated, Spandrels, Cladding, metal roofing materials and ETC. All of our installers are well experienced for the specific skills required for the best possible installation quality.
A flat metal panel with thin inter-locking seams every 12″ to 24″ in width. All panels and trim components secured to structure utilizing concealed fasteners and clip assemblies. Standing-seam roof systems are recommended for roof slopes of 3:12 or greater and provide superior performance in high-wind and rain environments.
Standing-seam panels with snap-on batten seam covers ranging in widths from 2″ wide to 3″ wide. Provides a more pronounced standing-seam appearance. Performance of batten-seam roofing is very similar to standing-seam systems.
Conventional metal roofing panels in widths ranging from 24″ to 40″ wide panels manufactured in a variety of profiles ranging from 2-1/2″ corrugated (wavy appearance) to box-rib style panels with trapezoidal ribs. Corrugated metal systems are recommended for roof slopes of ½:12 or greater.