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Emphasis your page on a key phrase phrase, not your complete web site. Attempt to have every single page focused on a specific key word and keyword phrase. Your website will achieve greater rankings if you go this route as looking to create a whole web site all around one particular keyword winds up reading through as a junk e-mail web site.
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The TMK-CUF is a rugged, durable pouch that contains basic essentials for hemorrhage control.
The TMK-CUF is a small tactical medical kit that addresses the leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield, exsanguination. The CUF features multiple internal elastic retention bands for securing hemorrhage control items, and the bottom of the pouch contains a 3" elastic retainer band designed as an optional tourniquet placement for rapid deployment.


text:
City Services > 47th District Court > Profiles
Judges' Profiles
Honorable James B. Brady
Judge James Brady was elected district judge in November 2002 and began his first six-year term on January 1, 2003. He served a two year term as the Court's chief judge in 2004-05. Prior to his election to the bench, he served the Court for 17 years as a magistrate, having been appointed to that position in 1986 by Judge Margaret Schaeffer. In addition, he served as an assistant prosecutor for Oakland County from 1980 – 1984 and worked in the private practice of law from 1984 – 2002.
Judge Brady is a member of the State Bar of Michigan and previously served on its Character and Fitness Committee. He also is a member of the Oakland County Bar Association, the Michigan District Judges Association and the Oakland County District Judges Association. He earned a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1975 from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor degree in 1979 from Wayne State University Law School.
Judge Brady has been married to Diane for 30 years and they have three children, Andrea, Mary and Jim. A resident of Farmington Hills for over twenty years, Judge Brady has a long record of community involvement including coaching youth hockey and baseball. He is a member of the Exchange Club and the Optimist Club and former treasurer for Farmington Families in Action.
Honorable Marla E. Parker
Judge Marla Parker is currently serving her 16th year as Judge of the 47th District Court. Prior to her election to the bench, Judge Parker was a magistrate for the Court and maintained a private law practice in Farmington Hills. She has served several times as the Court's chief judge.
Judge Parker is a member of the State Bar of Michigan, the Oakland County Bar Association (OCBA), the Women's Bar Association, the National Association of Women Judges, and the American Bar Association. She is a past president of the Oakland County District Judges Association and is a former member of the OCBA Board of Directors. A frequent speaker at seminars for new lawyers, she has also been a faculty member for the Michigan Judicial Institute's new judges seminar. Judge Parker holds a Bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor degree from Wayne State University Law School.
An active member of the Farmington/Farmington Hills community, Judge Parker is on the Board of the Farmington Hills/Farmington Community Foundation for Youth and Families and is a member of the Exchange Club and the Call-to-Action Coalition. In addition, she is a member of the joint Farmington Hills and Farmington Commission on Children, Youth and Families, where she was recently recognized for her numerous years chairing the volunteer committee. Judge Parker is married and has one daughter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: join two lists in java without null i have two lists they are of type car .
car class has 4 strings variable :
    color;
 model;

//for second
color;
model;

now i want to join these two lists with out any null cuz first list has :
color="red";
model=null;

second list ;
color=null
model="2010"

so I want them like:
color="red";
model="2010"

without null

A: If I understand you correctly, then you want to create a List<Car> that gets the color from one list and the model from the other. To do this, just create new Cars and add them to a new List:
List<Car> newlist = new ArrayList<Car>();
for( int i = 0; i < list1.size() && i < list2.size(); ++i )
    newlist.Add( new Car( list1.get(i).getColor(), list2.get(i).getModel() ) );

However if you do not know which list contains null for each car, you would have to do some checks:
for( int i = 0; i < list1.size() && i < list2.size(); ++i )
{
    String color = list1.get(i).getColor();
    if( color == null )
        color = list2.get(i).getColor();

    String model = list1.get(i).getModel();
    if( model == null )
        model = list2.get(i).getModel();

    newlist.Add( new Car( color, model ) );
}

Note: I assumed Car has a common interface, ie:
class Car
{
    public String getModel(){ return model; }
    public String getColor(){ return color; }
    public Car( String c, String m )
    {
        color = c;
        model = m;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Over the years, we've been asked countless times exactly how Magnetic Graffiti magnets' wonderful messages are chosen.
First we must mention that many are our originals, and many are written by our friends and family. Others are well known and memorable, so we get to quote these terrific mentoring people, who have wisdom for and from the Ages that we can all relate to, at one time or another.
We write all the candidate messages on bits of paper, place them on the counter, and turn the process over to our cat. She pats the ones she likes and swats the rest onto the floor. Obviously she has excellent taste.


text:
Eliza Heigham Wace Jones1
Eliza Heigham Wace Jones is the daughter of John Jones and Mary Roberts.2 She married Major George Wilkes Uhett, son of Reverend Thomas Uhett, on 22 July 1822.1
Major George Wilkes Uhett1
Major George Wilkes Uhett was the son of Reverend Thomas Uhett.1 He married Eliza Heigham Wace Jones, daughter of John Jones and Mary Roberts, on 22 July 1822.1 He died in 1825.1
He lived at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England.1 He gained the rank of Major in the Royal Artillery.1 From 22 July 1822, his married name became Jones.
Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt.1
M, #494623, b. 1783, d. 26 February 1843
Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt. was born in 1783.1 He was the son of John Jones and Mary Roberts.2,1 He married Catherine Maria Lawrence, daughter of Effingham Lawrence, on 20 April 1816.1 He died on 26 February 1843.1
He was appointed Knight Commander, Order of the Bath (K.C.B.)1 He was created 1st Baronet Jones, of Cranmer Hall, co. Norfolk [U.K.] on 30 September 1831.1 He gained the rank of Major-Generall in the Royal Engineers.1 He held the office of Aide-de-Camp to HM Queen Victoria.1
Children of Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt. and Catherine Maria Lawrence
Emily Florence Jones2 d. 1891
Sir Lawrence Jones, 2nd Bt.2 b. 10 Jan 1817, d. 7 Nov 1845
Sir Willoughby Jones, 3rd Bt.+2 b. 24 Nov 1820, d. 21 Aug 1884
Reverend Herbert Walsingham Jones+2 b. 10 Oct 1826, d. 9 Feb 1889
Effingham Lawrence1
Child of Effingham Lawrence
Catherine Maria Lawrence+2 d. 1 Dec 1859
Catherine Maria Lawrence1
F, #494625, d. 1 December 1859
Catherine Maria Lawrence was the daughter of Effingham Lawrence.2 She married Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt., son of John Jones and Mary Roberts, on 20 April 1816.1 She died on 1 December 1859.1
From 20 April 1816, her married name became Jones.
Children of Catherine Maria Lawrence and Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt.
Sir Lawrence Jones, 2nd Bt.1
M, #494626, b. 10 January 1817, d. 7 November 1845
Sir Lawrence Jones, 2nd Bt. was born on 10 January 1817.1 He was the son of Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt. and Catherine Maria Lawrence.2 He died on 7 November 1845 at age 28 at Macri, Turkey, murdered by brigands.1
He succeeded as the 2nd Baronet Jones, of Cranmer Hall, co. Norfolk [U.K., 1831] on 26 February 1843.1
Sir Willoughby Jones, 3rd Bt.1
M, #494627, b. 24 November 1820, d. 21 August 1884
Sir Willoughby Jones, 3rd Bt. was born on 24 November 1820.1 He was the son of Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt. and Catherine Maria Lawrence.2 He married Emily Jones, daughter of Henry Taylor-Jones and Caroline Munster Wulff, on 15 April 1856.1 He died on 21 August 1884 at age 63.1
He was Chairman of Quarter Sessions, Norfolk.1 He succeeded as the 3rd Baronet Jones, of Cranmer Hall, co. Norfolk [U.K., 1831] on 7 November 1845.1 He held the office of High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1851.1 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.)1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.)1
Children of Sir Willoughby Jones, 3rd Bt. and Emily Jones
Catherine Jones2 d. 26 Nov 1879
Gertrude Isabel Jones2 d. 1 Mar 1941
Maud Emily Jones2 d. 23 Mar 1931
Sir Lawrence John Jones, 4th Bt.+2 b. 16 Aug 1857, d. 21 Oct 1954
Mary Florence Jones2 b. c 1859, d. 31 Jan 1956
Rt. Rev. Herbert Edward Jones+2 b. 6 Apr 1861, d. 19 Feb 1920
Willoughby Jones2 b. 18 May 1864, d. 1889
Harry Daniel Jones2 b. 6 Aug 1868, d. 30 Aug 1869
Reverend Herbert Walsingham Jones1
M, #494628, b. 10 October 1826, d. 9 February 1889
Reverend Herbert Walsingham Jones was born on 10 October 1826.1 He was the son of Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt. and Catherine Maria Lawrence.2 He married Catherine Rachel Gurney, daughter of Daniel Gurney and Lady Harriet Jemima Hay, on 23 April 1850.1 He died on 9 February 1889 at age 62.1
He graduated with a Master of Arts (M.A.)1 He was Rector at Sculthorpe, Norfolk, England.1 He held the office of Honorary Canon of Norwich.1
Child of Reverend Herbert Walsingham Jones and Catherine Rachel Gurney
Bertram Jones2 b. 18 May 1862, d. 1868
Margaret Louise Cookson1
Margaret Louise Cookson is the daughter of Geoffrey Montague Cookson.1 She married Bertram Edward Jones, son of Sir Lawrence John Jones, 4th Bt. and Evelyn Mary Bevan, on 16 November 1938.1
From 16 November 1938, her married name became Jones.1
Child of Margaret Louise Cookson and Bertram Edward Jones
Sir Christopher Lawrence-Jones, 6th Bt.+1 b. 19 Jan 1940
Catherine Rachel Gurney1
Catherine Rachel Gurney is the daughter of Daniel Gurney and Lady Harriet Jemima Hay.2 She married Reverend Herbert Walsingham Jones, son of Sir John Thomas Jones, 1st Bt. and Catherine Maria Lawrence, on 23 April 1850.1
Child of Catherine Rachel Gurney and Reverend Herbert Walsingham Jones


text:
Q: How can I disable google chrome's terrible sub-pixel anti-aliasing in PDFs? I'd just like to turn it off, because it's quite distracting when every PDF looks so colourful. I've looked through chrome://flags and there's an LCD text anti-aliasing option but it doesn't seem to affect the PDF viewer.
Here's how chrome Version 43.0.2357.125 (64-bit) on Fedora 21 renders this PDF for me:

A little closer:

Quite different to an old version of adobe reader with only slight colouring:

And evince with no sub-pixel antialiasing:

This is what my monitor looks like up close:

From: http://www.lagom.nl/lcd-test/subpixel.php

Which looks much better than chrome's PDF viewer.
Update: Still an issue in Fedora 23, chrome 48.0.2564.103.

A: You can fix your font rendering issues in the PDF viewer by installing freetype-world, since you're on Fedora (according to this bug report: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=479400).
I'm still trying to figure out how to disable subpixel rendering in the PDF viewer on CentOS (which doesn't have a freetype-world package). So far I've tried editing ~/.fonts.conf and ~/.Xresources, and changing the Gnome system settings (based on the instructions here: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=408079#c4).


A small town of Orissa, Konark is renowned for ancient temples and alluring beaches. The best time to be at this place is from September to March when you can enjoy visiting its numerous temples and exploring the rich heritage of this region.
The best time to visit Konark is from the month of September till the month of March. This period offers pleasant weather during which different outdoor activities can be enjoyed by the tourists. Summer season is marked by very hot weather with the temperature sometimes reaching as high as 40°C. This is a perfect time to enjoy on the beaches of Konark with your friends or family. An evening walk with your loved one on the beach can be a wonderful experience. Monsoon season offers mild rainfall which comes as a respite from the scorching heat. Rain lovers and nature enthusiasts can plan their trip in this season to enjoy the natural beauty of the region. Devotees throng the city all around the year to visit the famous Sun Temple that was built in 13th century. Therefore plan your trip and head towards Konark to experience the overwhelming beauty of the city.
October to November - winters in Konark are quite chilly and mercury dips to 12°C. The month of October is considered just ideal for sightseeing and spending some relaxing and unforgettable time at the famous Chandrabhaga Beach.
March to June- The summer months are quite hot at Konark, when temperature goes up to 43°C. However, the month of June sometimes receives pre-monsoons showers, giving some relief from sweltering heat.
July to September- These are the months of medium rainfall, at times cyclone also strike the whole area, mainly post monsoon. It is the time of the year when the whole place looks amazing with lush greenery everywhere.
Moderately Cold Month of January offers moderately cold climate with the sky being clear for most part of the daytime. Cool breeze blows throughout the day making the climate pleasant to enjoy different outdoor activities. Magha Mela, which is considered as the most colorful festival of the region, is celebrated in this month. A large influx of devotees and grand celebrations mark this festival.
Pleasant Different tourist activities, such as visiting different spots or famous temples, can be enjoyed in this month. Nature enthusiasts can revel in the beauty of the region that is at its peak. Tourists can also indulge in various water sports, such as scuba diving or swimming that are offered on the beaches of Konark.
Moderately Cold The month of March marks the beginning of summer season and temperature slowly begins to rise, making the weather warm. This is an ideal time to visit Konark beach that boasts of golden sand and emerald water. Tourists can enjoy the beauty of the beach at dawn or dusk, by having a leisure walk, which can also help them in relaxing.
Pleasant Tourists can get involved in different beach activities, such as sun bathing and swimming, to have some relief from the scorching sun. Carrying sun protective gears and sunscreen is important, if planning a trip in this month. Weather during the day time remains moderately hot while the nights are pleasant, making it favorable to enjoy both indoor and outdoor activities.
Very Hot This is regarded as the hottest month of the year but the average weather is not too severe. A visit to Sun Temple, which is regarded as the main attraction here, can be planned in this month. This temple has been declared as a world heritage site. Different stone carvings on its walls enhance the beautiful architecture of the temple.
Hot Pre monsoon showers help in lowering the temperature but the weather still remains hot. A visit to different temples that lie in the proximity can be enjoyed during this time. Stories that are connected with these temples leave the visitors amazed. People who have interest in ancient civilization can enrich their knowledge by visiting these places.
Rainy Onset of monsoon season is marked with the beginning of the month of July. Rainfall continues for longer duration due to which a fall in the temperature is observed. Rain lovers can plan their visit in this month to enjoy the scenic beauty of this region. Different fairs and exhibitions are also held in this month to attract the attention of tourists.
Rainy Rains continue to hit the region, making it a favorable time for people who love rains to visit the city. The picturesque beauty of the city is worth enjoying during this time. Tourists can try out the local flavors and different cuisines that are offered by various restaurants here. Nature enthusiasts can also plan their vacations in this month.
Pleasant Occasional rainfalls are experienced during this time but the sky remains clear for most part of the daytime. This month marks the beginning of the tourist season and visitors in large numbers throng the city. This place looks appealing as rains wash away all the dust and dirt, making the flora of the region appear very beautiful.
Pleasant Weather in the month of October remains pleasant, therefore making it a perfect time to enjoy different tourist attractions. Various sightseeing spots can be visited and small towns that lie in the vicinity can be explored during this time. A visit to the archaeological museum can also be enjoyed by people who have interest in history.
Pleasant Pleasant days are followed by cool nights. Travelers can indulge in shopping during this month and enjoy this experience as they can buy beautiful decorative items, handicrafts and artifacts. Art lovers can indulge in shopping of different paintings that are painted on cloth canvas and wood carvings. Being in the tranquil environment of Konark is sure to please your mind and soul.
Moderately Cold The famous Konark Dance Festival is celebrated in this month that stretches for a period of five days. This is a classical dance festival in which eminent dancers from all over India come together to pay tribute to the Sun temple. This extravaganza beholds a person's attention and makes it an excellent event to be enjoyed by the entire family.


text:
Astrotoma är ett släkte av ormstjärnor. Astrotoma ingår i familjen medusahuvuden.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Medusahuvuden
Astrotoma

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Abbreviated Wheel A06170304 wheels 17 numbers for Florida(FL) Lotto in 20 combinations. If 4 out of the 6 Florida(FL) Lotto winning numbers are among the 17 numbers wheeled, it is guaranteed that there is at least one combination with 3 winning numbers. Please note that you can always win more than the minimum guarranteed prizes.


text:
Snoop Dogg Gives Moving Speech in 2Pac's Honor at 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony
Kevin Mazur, Getty Images
They say legends never die. While the 32nd annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction last night (April 7) honored some of rock's greatest heroes—Joan Baez, Journey, Electric Light Orchestra, Pearl Jam and Nile Rodgers—the Brooklyn ceremony took time to show love to one of rap's fallen superstars, 2Pac.
When it was first announced that 'Pac would be inducted into the Rock Hall back in December, there was a debate in the hip-hop world over whether or not Makavelli should be granted this honor. "Got forever love for PAC BUT there AIN'T a solo rap act that should get in the RRHOF before LL Cool J," wrote Public Enemy's Chuck D on Facebook back in December. "I don't care about what naysayers think." But despite the critics, last night's epic display proved the young Outlaw's impact on the culture.
Fellow West Coast phenom and one of 'Pac's oldest industry friends, Snoop Dogg did the honors of inducting the platinum-selling star. As Snoop walked out in a red and blue Gucci scarf draped on his shoulders, hip-hop fans perked their ears. Instead of running down a laundry list of 'Pac's public achievements fans already know about, the 45-year-old rapper took time to humanize the larger-than-life character.
"While many remember him now as some kind of thugged out superhero, 2Pac knew that he was only human," said Snoop. "To be human is to be many things at once, strong and vulnerable, hardheaded and intellectual, courageous and afraid, revolutionary and….oh yeah, don't get it fucked up, gangsta."
Uncle Snoop shared some memories of his dynamic duo days with 2Pac, like the time 'Pac passed him his first blunt at a party in L.A.—"That's right, Tupac is the one that got Snoop Dogg smoking weed. I was a zig-zag man before that"—and a hilarious story of the two icons parasailing on vacation while Suge Knight drove the boat.
"I had just beat my case and Suge had taken us to South America to get away from all the drama and me and 'Pac was parasailing," said Snoop as the crowd laughed. "You heard right. Snoop Dogg and 2Pac parasailing together. You got to remember, I had just beat my case and 'Pac had just got out of prison. Does anybody know what parasailing is? Because we damn sure didn't."
Snoop made sure to scream "thug life" when officially welcoming 'Pac into the Hall. After the moving speech, Snoop took to the Barclays Center stage to perform a medley of some of 'Pac's biggest hits. Alicia Keys started off the medley by singing "I Ain't Mad at Cha" and "Ambitionz As a Ridah" behind a piano, and "Changes" center stage. Snoop and YG did a duet of "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted," Naughty by Nature's Treach performed "Hail Mary" and T.I., dressed in a classic 2Pac outfit, covered "Keep Ya Head Up."
Once finished with the tribute and performance, Snoop headed backstage to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame press area to talk to XXL about what this award means for gangsta rap. "If you put your heart and soul into it, you'll be appreciated and that's what this ceremony was about," said Snoop after accepting the award on his homie's behalf. "No matter field of music you in, you gotta respect good music and that's what 2Pac made." And just before he stepped out of the press room, Snoop recited his favorite 2Pac verse, "Str8 Ballin" from 1994's Thug Life Volume 1.
2Pac will now join the short list of rappers who have been inducted into the hall, including the Beastie Boys, Run-D.M.C., Public Enemy, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five and last year's inductees N.W.A.
Check out XXL's social coverage of the night, a gallery of the 2Pac tribute performance and shots from the official Rock and Roll Hall of Fame press room.
See Photos of the 2Pac Induction at the 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony
Filed Under: 2Pac, Alicia Keys, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Snoop Dogg, T.I., Treach, Tupac, Tupac Shakur, YG


On the day Hitary.com uploaded 20 photo about Original Graffiti Art | EBay photograph is one of the picture among other photographs in the post of Graffiti Art Prints Best Picture. The picture uploaded on Monday, January 27, 2014 12:22:11 PM. If you like the picture, you can Download Original Graffiti Art | EBay picture, or if you can observe picture in large size, simply push on the thumbnail with size 3635 × 2646 pixels under Hitary.com picture gallery.
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"Where are you going Mum?" enquired my son as I followed behind, giddily clearing two steps at a time with an ease which belied my dotage.
"To bed!" says I. A statement which caused me to wriggle my entire body with gleeful anticipation at the impending cocooning of my personage between layers of quilted goodness.
"I know son, I know." Cue gleeful wriggling once more.
I love going to bed early. Mainly, because I don't get to avail of it that often. But, at the beginning of the year, myself and himself decided that Monday night was going to be THE night.
Therefore, as our children ascended the stairs to head towards the blissful land of nod (or rather, turn on the contraband torch to do ALL of the things which were now deemed urgent!) we followed in hot pursuit.
In preparation for our new routine, I advised my adoring public that I would be unavailable for any phone calls after the hour of 7pm.
As the clock informed me it was indeed time to commence proceedings, I trotted upstairs to pick out my best flannel for the occasion.
Lest we get ahead of ourselves here, my choice of nightwear would give a team of North Pole explorers a run for their money.
I favour brushed cotton and thick wool socks all crowned with a final layer of cardigan. The whole 'Come hither…' ensemble is offset to perfection by the approximate 17 pillows I recline upon. A veritable fortress of comfort.
"I just can't believe that you and dad are going to bed at the same time as us. Why?" whined the eldest.
Whilst buried beneath my 'All Seasons Duvet' (a combo of a 4.5 tog and a 10.5 tog… you're welcome!), I had a budget Carrie Bradshaw moment, sans the Pellegrino but I still manage to take my tap water in a fancy glass.
School: What is wrong with them? I would give up my Ryan Gosling calendar for the opportunity to be allowed to spend the bulk of the day in the company of my friends, with a pre-packed lunch, regular breaks and access to crayons and a library.
Without even having to drive there because you have a chauffeur at your disposal! Incidentally, she is the same person who co-ordinates your lunch options.
Showering: Up until the hormones kick-in they pretty much treat water as if it has skin melting possibilities and therefore must avoid it at all costs.
My son, on return from a match was so disguised in an avalanche of mud that, for a split second, I worried if I had indeed brought the correct child home such, was my inability to make out any distinguishing features. He still begged to avoid soap.
The alone time of bathing is wasted upon them. For me, it is a glorious window to apply all of the lotions and potions which I rarely get around to using individually.
The noxious effect of same is so eye watering that, it leads my husband to believe that I have actually cleaned the bathroom. Sucker.
Honestly, kids have quite evidently gotten the wrong end of the stick altogether. Who wants to stay up all night, reeking of filth of their own making?
Leave your answer in the comment section: I'm off to binge watch a new boxset in my pjs which have some dinner stain down the front.


Bug 1358402 - Keep 'marionette.defaultPrefs.enabled' around as fallback.
When I checked one of our mozmill-ci machines I have seen that Marionette is not getting started with the restart of Firefox after making the downloaded update invalid.
I have no idea yet what's going on. Especially because older 53.0b releases are also affected which were working fine before. There are also no Marionette specific failures visible in the Gecko log.
So this seems to be only related to fallback updates. The direct updates work just fine across all platforms.
When I checked this locally I have made some changes to the update testcase, and noticed that this problem always happens when we modify the file `update.status` before a restart! If we don't do it, it's all fine.
I will try to find a minimal testcase for this.
So I found a minimal testcase to reproduce this problem with the beta releases of Firefox. As you can see no download of an update patch is necessary. Just modifying the `update.status` file before a restart causes Marionette not to be started anymore.
Suspected bugs are bug 1337743 and bug 1350887.
I'm going through the list of changesets now to nail down the range.
Actually this regression has been caused by bug 1344748, and is still present for latest mozilla-central when executed with Firefox builds now on Beta.
2. Run the minimized testcase against this build.
Andreas, I hope that you can take this and get fixed ASAP? Thanks.
I assume that even with the follow-up patch on bug 1350887 we seem to have busted everything before 54.0. So we clearly need a solution which will work for 3 releases back.
Looks like I have an easy fix for this problem.
conditions (invalidating 'update.status' file before the restart).
Matt, I still do not understand why this behavior only happens when we modify/create the `update.status` file before a restart of Firefox. But I could assume that if the file is present, the application updater code is checking this file on the next startup, and due to a failed state starts Firefox in a way that some components are not getting correctly initialized?
We check the status file and kick off the fallback inside an observer for "sessionstore-windows-restored" and/or "xul-window-visible" . I don't know the startup procedure thoroughly, but those sound like they would be late enough that whatever we would be worried about breaking is already initialized by then.
So since my changes to bug 1315611, Marionette also uses "sessionstore-windows-restored" to initialize itself. So starting its server component will be some milliseconds later. But nothing in the _postUpdateProcessing() code shows something which might prevent Marionette from starting up.
Matt, is there somewhere an extra hidden restart which we do in such a failed case (invalid patch as listed in update.status)? Given that I can get it to work by adding back this old preference means, that for such a restart we loose the -marionette argument. It would somewhat be an indication for me because without modifying the file the restart works.
Btw in bug 1355888 we will make use of an environment variable to keep the status of Marionette across Firefox instances. So it might fix such a situation at least for builds of Firefox 55.0.
I have moved the remaining items to bug 1358987.


text:
15 Feared Killed in Explosion at Indian Gelatin Plant
NEW DELHI – At least 15 workers were feared killed in an explosion Saturday at a gelatin manufacturing plant in western India, a news report said.
The blast near Nasik city was so powerful that a three-floor building inside the factory complex collapsed, the Press Trust of India news agency said quoting unnamed police officials.
The explosion occurred early Saturday, when there were about 20 workers inside the factory that operates round the clock through three shifts, the PTI report said.
Police have so far recovered two dead bodies from the debris, while two injured workers were rescued and taken to a nearby hospital for treatment, it said.
Officials in Nasik, 745 miles southwest of New Delhi, could not be immediately reached for comments.


text:
\section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}

\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2~1EW, United Kingdom.}}

\section{Introduction}
Materials that can be formed by self-assembly have over time become increasingly more complex;\cite{Whitelam2015} furthermore, in the last few years, the field has seen something of an explosion in the number of self-assembling materials which exhibit not only structural complexity, but which are `addressably' complex,\cite{Frenkel2015} in the sense that the individual building blocks making up these structures are all distinct. Such self-assembled materials are not only interesting from the point of view of fundamental science, but are thought to hold considerable promise for applications in many aspects of nanotechnology,\cite{Linko2013, *Sobczak2015} especially since the addressable nature of the building blocks should allow the structures to be functionalised with sub-nanometre-scale resolution.

Recent experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to assemble structures comprising thousands of distinct modular building blocks into well-formed target structures by making use of single-stranded DNA molecules -- termed `DNA bricks' -- designed to have an obligate set of hybridisation partners, in the sense that those parts of the DNA molecules that are designed to be bonded in the target structure have complementary sequences.\cite{Ke2012, Wei2012, Zhang2013c, Wei2013, Ke2014} In the past few years, several theoretical and computational studies have also been undertaken, probing the intriguing self-assembly behaviour exhibited by such systems.\cite{Halverson2013, Reinhardt2014, Hedges2014, Zenk2014, Zeravcic2014, Murugan2015, Jacobs2015, Jacobs2015b, Whitelam2015b, Madge2015}

We have previously shown that the DNA brick self-assembly is made possible by the interplay between self-assembly and growth. In particular, as a system of DNA bricks is cooled, at some temperature the free-energy barrier to nucleation becomes small enough that nucleation can occur, but nucleation events remain sufficiently rare that any clusters that do form do not interact significantly with one another, and monomers are not initially significantly depleted,\cite{Reinhardt2014, Jacobs2015b} which enables these clusters to grow in an essentially error-free manner as the temperature is decreased. However, such behaviour only occurs over a very narrow window of temperatures: if the experiment is performed at a low temperature from the outset, misassembled aggregates dominate instead.\cite{Reinhardt2014} Nucleation thus plays an important role in enabling structures of this type to self-assemble successfully.

Whilst DNA bricks have been shown to self-assemble reliably, our previous theoretical work has indicated that the co-ordination number of the particles that form self-assembling structures determines their nucleation behaviour in both two and three dimensions.\cite{Jacobs2015b} In particular, the larger the co-ordination number, the more classical-looking the free-energy barrier to nucleation becomes. Yet one of the key aspects that seemed to enable the lower co-ordinate structures to form successfully was the non-classical nucleation barrier. Specifically, for tetrahedrally co-ordinated building blocks, the critical cluster size was found to be largely insensitive to the nature of the target structure, and the nucleation barrier is significant but surmountable at the point at which a large, nearly fully assembled cluster of the designed structure is thermodynamically stable. By contrast -- and in agreement with the predictions of classical nucleation theory -- for higher co-ordination number structures, the free energy barrier to nucleation changes with temperature and is considerably larger than for tetrahedral structures at the same supersaturation.\cite{Jacobs2015b} This suggests that, in order to overcome the free-energy barrier to nucleation, the driving force for growth must increase, for example by increasing the monomer concentration, reducing the temperature or increasing the bond strengths by choosing a different set of DNA sequences. Such approaches, however, would make the competing structures in which monomers have not assembled as designed ever more stable, and our previous theoretical work thus suggests that, as the co-ordination number increases, the structures should become more and more difficult to form.

However, in order to create more varied target structures in an addressable way, we may well need to move to a system with a higher co-ordination number, as this should in principle allow us to construct structures with finer small-scale features due to the considerably greater spatial resolution of the system than we can achieve using tetrahedrally co-ordinated particles. Moreover, a greater degree of bonding can help to stabilise such structures, which may also be important in practical applications.

Although DNA bricks are tetrahedrally co-ordinated,\cite{Ke2012} there are many possible ways in which addressable structures with higher co-ordination number might be experimentally realised. For example, one can envisage that colloidal particles with carefully positioned DNA strands grafted onto the particle in the correct geometry might be possible to assemble in the near future, perhaps similar to the experiments of Wang~\textit{et~al.}\cite{Wang2012} or Lu~\textit{et~al.},\cite{Lu2015} but with each particle functionalised with a unique set of DNA strands.  Alternatively, DNA Holliday junctions and multi-arm motifs\cite{Holliday1964, *Lilley2000, *Zhang2008} can be synthesised to correspond to high co-ordination number structures. Of course in practice, producing structures of this type in experiments may be non-trivial  because, in our examples, each colloidal particle would have to be created with a unique set of grafted DNA strands, and each DNA junction with a different sequence would have to be pre-assembled. It is therefore important that future experiments focus on strategies that are likely to be successful. It is with this in mind that we have carried out the simulations presented here: if structures of this kind cannot be assembled on a computer with a toy model, then it may be risky to attempt to do so experimentally in the light of the significant cost and effort likely to be involved.

\section{Simulation methods}

We perform canonical ensemble simulations on a lattice, with periodic boundary conditions, using a Metropolis Monte Carlo\cite{Metropolis1953} scheme. To determine the free-energy barriers as a function of the size of the largest crystalline cluster in the system, we use umbrella sampling with adaptive weights\cite{Torrie1977, *Mezei1987} in a time-step separated\cite{Hetenyi2002} Monte Carlo scheme. We use `virtual moves'\cite{Whitelam2007, *Whitelam2008} to allow for realistic dynamics of cluster motion. In our simulations, clusters are randomly translated or rotated on a lattice, with 24 permissible orientations per particle, corresponding to all the possible neighbour interactions on a cubic lattice.\cite{Reinhardt2014}

Each particle in the system is hard in the sense that dual occupancy of lattice sites is not permitted, and each particle has $n$ `patches', where $n$ is the co-ordination number. Every patch is assigned a DNA sequence such that, in the fully assembled target structure, adjacent patches have a complementary sequence, but otherwise these sequences are randomly assigned (subject to the rules identified by Wei~\textit{et~al.}\cite{Wei2012}).\footnote{It is by no means essential for particles in our system to interact via DNA hybridisation; it is sufficient that they have specific, designed interactions. In practice, however, we anticipate at this stage that DNA is the most likely candidate for an experimental realisation of such systems, and we have chosen to parameterise our model accordingly.} Particles that are adjacent to each other interact with a slightly repulsive energy $\varepsilon_\text{init}/k_\text{B}=\SI{100}{\kelvin}$,\cite{Reinhardt2014} to which we add the hybridisation free energy of the longest complementary sequence match between the nearest pair of patches, calculated using a standard thermodynamic model.\cite{SantaLucia2004} As in the experimental work of Ke~\textit{et al.},\cite{Ke2012} the outermost particles in the target structure are assigned a poly-T sequence to minimise any misbonding.

Particles which have 4 and 8 patches have a minimum interparticle distance of $a\sqrt{3}$, where $a$ is the lattice parameter,\cite{Reinhardt2014} whilst particles with 12 patches have a minimum interparticle distance of $a\sqrt{2}$ to be able to accommodate the additional neighbours. This means that the effective densities are not strictly comparable, as the lower co-ordination structures have a greater excluded volume.

In grand canonical simulations, we introduce particle addition and removal moves in addition to the canonical (virtual move) translations and rotations. Particles to be added or removed are chosen at random. A particle addition move in which a particle of type $i$ has been placed at a random position and with a random orientation in the simulation box is accepted with probability\cite{Frenkel2002}\footnote{The de Broglie thermal wavelength is subsumed into the chemical potential, and cancels out in the case of an ideal chemical potential. For convenience, we have therefore set it to unity.}
\begin{equation}
P_\text{acc}^\text{add} = \min\mleft[1,\,\frac{V z_i}{N_i+1} \exp(-\upDelta E /k_\text{B}T)\mright],
\end{equation}
where $V$ is the volume of the simulation box, $N_i$ is the current number of particles of type $i$ in the system, $\upDelta E$ is the trial change in the system's potential energy, and $z_i$ is the fugacity of particles of type $i$, i.e.~$z_i=\exp(\mu_i/k_\text{B}T)$, where $\mu_i$ is the particle's chemical potential. The ideal chemical potential is given by $\mu_\text{id}=k_\text{B}T \ln \rho$, where $\rho$ is the number density; in the absence of interactions, the fugacity thus determines the target number density. An analogous acceptance probability holds for particle removals,
\begin{equation}
 P_\text{acc}^\text{rem} =  \min\mleft[1,\,\frac{N_i}{V z_i N_\text{types}} \exp(\upDelta E /k_\text{B}T)\mright],
\end{equation}
where $N_\text{types}$ is the number of types of particle in the system. This accounts for the fact that when we add a particle, we choose its type uniformly at random, whereas when we remove a particle, we choose the particle at random: in order to obey detailed balance, we must account for the probability of choosing a particle of each type.

\begin{figure*}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics{fig1-coordNum-structures.pdf}
\caption{A single monomer and snapshots towards the end of the nucleation process of some structures assembled from a vapour of monomers for the (a) 8 (\SI{332}{\kelvin}) and (b) 12 (\SI{345}{\kelvin}) co-ordinate monomers. The target structures in each case were simple rectangular parallelepipeds. In the simulation snapshots, correctly bonded clusters are shown in the same colour, but each particle, and each patch, is in fact distinct.}\label{fig-coordNum-structures}
\end{figure*}

\section{Results and discussion}
We have previously considered tetrahedral co-ordination, as applicable to DNA bricks. Here, we investigate the self-assembly behaviour of structures with a co-ordination number of 8 (giving bcc-like target structures) and 12 (giving fcc-like target structures). The corresponding building blocks and sample target structures are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-structures}. The sequences associated with each patch for the structures we have studied are provided as supporting data.\footnote{It is important to bear in mind that, if these sequences are chosen randomly, the temperatures at which nucleation and growth occur can change by a few degrees in identical conditions.\cite{Reinhardt2014} The temperatures we quote in the text refer to these specific DNA sequences. While the numerical values change with sequence choice, the qualitative behaviour does not.}  In the simulations reported here, the numbers of distinct particles in the target structures was 396 for the 4-, 403 for the 8- and 256 for the 12-co-ordinated structures.

Contrary to expectations,\cite{Jacobs2015b} brute force simulations starting from a vapour of one copy of each of the monomers required to assemble a single target structure can, within a narrow temperature window, result in the successful self-assembly of the target structures shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-structures}. Moreover, as evident from Fig.~\ref{fig-bcc-clusterSize-vs-time}, this process is stochastic: under identical thermodynamic conditions, systems can exhibit drastically different lag times before any significant growth occurs. This is indicative of the presence of a free-energy barrier to nucleation, whereby a cluster of a sufficient size must form spontaneously before further growth is thermodynamically favoured. Since monomers coming together to form such a cluster lose a significant amount of translational and orientational entropy, this happens infrequently: there is a free-energy barrier associated with nucleation. Using umbrella sampling, we have calculated this free-energy barrier\footnote{The order parameter used as a collective variable, i.e.~the number of particles in the largest cluster, is a convenient choice consistent with classical nucleation theory. However, because each particle is different in these simulations, any \emph{particular} cluster that forms can behave rather differently from this averaged behaviour. This is especially important if the cluster under consideration forms near a face or an edge of the target structure, where the average environments are different from those at the centre of the structure.} for the two target structures shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-structures} at a number of temperatures, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier}, where we also show a free-energy barrier for a reference tetrahedral system. Of course higher co-ordination structures are more stable at higher temperatures, since such structures entail many more bonds, and so the temperature scale at which nucleation occurs depends on the co-ordination number. Figures \ref{fig-bcc-clusterSize-vs-time} and \ref{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier} indicate that the process is indeed nucleation-initiated for both the 8- and 12-co-ordinated target structures. However, whilst the process remains nucleation-initiated, there are significant differences in the systems' behaviour relative to the self-assembly of tetrahedral particles.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics{fig2-bcc-clusterSize-vs-time.pdf}
\caption{The size of the largest cluster in the system as a function of Monte Carlo time for a canonical simulation with a total of 403 distinct particles with a co-ordination number of 8. $T=\SI{332}{\kelvin}$, $\rho=1/(62a)^3$. The different colours correspond to individual Monte Carlo trajectories started from an equilibrated vapour of monomers. These trajectories were run for a fixed real-time; since virtual moves make simulations of larger clusters slower, simulations in which nucleation occurred later could run for a larger number of Monte Carlo steps.}\label{fig-bcc-clusterSize-vs-time}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics{fig3-coordNum-freeenergybarrier.pdf}
\caption{The free-energy profile for cluster growth of particles with a co-ordination number of (a) 4, (b) 8 and (c) 12. Simulation results from different umbrella sampling windows are depicted in alternating styles to show their overlap. The thick dashed line corresponds to brute-force simulations.\cite{Reinhardt2014} In each case, there was one copy of each particle in the simulation box of dimensions $62a\times 62a \times 62a$.}\label{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier}
\end{figure}

In particular, tetrahedrally co-ordinated structures, which include the experimentally studied DNA bricks, exhibit a free-energy barrier with a distinct jagged appearance. This is not an artefact of the simulation technique used or a lack of equilibration, but rather reflects the fact that as clusters grow, there is a competition between the entropy loss associated with monomers losing their translational and vibrational degrees of freedom when they are attached to a larger cluster on the one hand, and on the other the energy gain associated with the formation of `designed' interactions, which are, by construction, highly favourable. Tetrahedral structures grow in a very predictable fashion, with steps at which clusters can form closed cycles, for which the entropic penalty is compensated by not one, but two designed bonds forming, having a considerably lower free energy than other steps do.\cite{Reinhardt2014, Jacobs2015, Jacobs2015b} The critical cluster for tetrahedrally co-ordinated structures is typically bicylic or tricyclic (adamantane-like) with a single particle missing,\cite{Reinhardt2014, Jacobs2015, Jacobs2015b} i.e.~the size of the critical cluster is typically 8 or 9, and this cluster size appears to be essentially temperature independent in the regime where nucleation can occur. By contrast, the free-energy profiles shown in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier}, in agreement with our theoretical prediction,\cite{Jacobs2015b} are considerably smoother, and the temperature greatly affects the size of the critical cluster. The reason for this behaviour is that there are a considerably larger number of possibilities of forming different clusters comprising the same number of building blocks;\cite{Jacobs2015b} this makes the nucleation considerably more classical, affecting both the smoothness and the dependence of the critical nucleus size on temperature.

However, despite this quite different behaviour at high temperatures, the systems behave in a less divergent manner at temperatures where the nucleation barrier is sufficiently small compared to thermal energy that nucleation can reasonably be expected to occur. The degree of supercooling required in order to observe a nucleation event is not significantly different amongst the structures we have studied: if we deem the temperature at which a pre-formed target structure fully `melts' to be an effective melting point, nucleation becomes sufficiently fast to observe in brute-force simulations at a supercooling of approximately \SI{2}{\percent} for all target structures considered. The point at which mass aggregation occurs is also similar, at a roughly \SI{4}{\percent} supercooling. These results indicate that a more optimistic view of the possibility of assembling high co-ordination number structures is perhaps warranted.

Nevertheless, one difference in the behaviour observed is noteworthy. At temperatures at which there is a reasonably small free-energy barrier to nucleation, the driving force for growth is considerably larger for higher co-ordination number structures. One proxy for this is the gradient of the free-energy profile at post-critical cluster sizes: this gradient has roughly the same value ($\sim${}$-1.1\,k_\text{B}T$ per particle) in the tetrahedral case where the critical free-energy barrier height is approximately $10\,k_\text{B}T$, and in the 8-co-ordinate structure at \SI{338}{\kelvin} with a critical free-energy barrier height of $25\,k_\text{B}T$. As the temperature is decreased, the effective supersaturation increases: at \SI{332}{\kelvin}, the large-cluster gradient of the free energy is already $-5\,k_\text{B}T$ per particle. This means that the conditions in which the 8- and 12-co-ordinate structures grow are considerably harsher than in the tetrahedral case, which is likely to lead to more mistakes during assembly.\cite{Hedges2014}

In simulations where  only one particle of each component is present, the increased supersaturation may not interfere with correct self-assembly, since competing structures are less likely to occur. Of course, in experiments, many copies of each building block are present.
To investigate whether higher co-ordination number structures can still form in circumstances where competition from additional monomers and clusters is possible, we have also simulated the self-assembly process in the grand canonical ensemble. We have run simulations at a fugacity corresponding to the same ideal number density as in the canonical simulations, starting from an empty simulation box of various volumes, and we observe successful self-assembly to completion at a number of temperatures for both the 8- and the 12-co-ordinate structures.\footnote{In the grand ensemble, the stability of the target structure at temperatures at which nucleation occurs changes with the co-ordination number: for the tetrahedral structures, partially formed structures dominate, whilst for high co-ordination structures, essentially fully formed structures result at the end of the self-assembly process.} Correctly assembled clusters grow one-by-one in such simulations: at sufficiently high temperatures, nucleation remains a rare event and the clusters grow essentially to completion before additional clusters nucleate. This observation supports the conclusion from canonical simulations that nucleation helps to prevent cluster interactions. These grand-canonical simulations also confirm that the lack of competition from monomers and clusters in solution is not the principal reason why self-assembly can succeed in the canonical ensemble, and the self-assembly process is surprisingly robust.

Despite this apparent success, the prediction that the greater supersaturation leads to more defects does  hold. If we compare the largest assembled structures in the grand ensemble at the highest temperature at which nucleation was found to occur for co-ordination numbers of 4 and 12 (\SI{319}{\kelvin} and \SI{338}{\kelvin}, respectively), the high co-ordination number structures typically have one or two incorrect particles embedded in the structure, and one or two vacancies, whilst the tetrahedral structure is entirely error free. The error rates would, moreover, be expected to be higher still if we implemented a `kinetic constraint' to prevent the change of state for any particle wholly within the solid structure to account for the relative slowness of relaxation dynamics within a solid structure:\cite{Mannige2015} this would, in particular, prevent vacancies from being filled when the rest of the structure has already formed around them. While the number of defects in absolute terms is not large even for the high co-ordination number structures, it is worth bearing in mind that incorrect particles on the surface of the cluster can lead to additional undesired clustering as the temperature is lowered and the clusters allowed to undergo diffusion for long periods of time.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics{fig4-coordNum-freeenergybarrier-ATcontent.pdf}
\caption{The free-energy profile for cluster growth of particles with a co-ordination number of 12 with a GC content of \SI{68}{\percent}. The free-energy profiles of Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier} are reproduced in a greyed-out hue.}\label{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier-ATcontent}
\end{figure}

One way in which the driving force for nucleation can be changed is by strengthening or weakening the average bond energy between particles. When using DNA bases, this can be achieved by varying the proportion of G and C bases at the expense of A and T: the larger the GC content, the stronger on average the hybridisation between two complementary strands will be.\cite{SantaLucia2004} We have therefore simulated the self-assembly of the same target structures, but with differently chosen patch sequences. These are still chosen randomly, but with an appropriate bias towards either GC or AT base pairs.\footnote{Terminal poly-T sequences are ignored in the GC content calculation.} Because the DNA hybridisation free energy itself depends strongly on the temperature, changing the bond strengths in this way is not equivalent to simply shifting the temperature scale. We show in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier-ATcontent} some additional free-energy barriers calculated for a system with stronger average interactions. Whilst the basic behaviour remains unchanged, the different temperature at which nucleation becomes feasible does affect the driving force for growth and thus the likelihood of defects occurring during the process. For example, if we compare the curves corresponding to $T=\SI{352}{\kelvin}$ and $T=\SI{344}{\kelvin}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-freeenergybarrier-ATcontent}, the system with weaker bonds has a less negative large-cluster gradient of the free energy as a function of the largest cluster size ($\sim${}$-1.1\,k_\text{B}T$ per particle compared to $\sim${}$-1.5\,k_\text{B}T$ per particle) and thus has a weaker driving force for growth, even though the nucleation free-energy barrier is considerably smaller ($23\,k_\text{B}T$ compared to $29.5\,k_\text{B}T$). Moreover, the system with stronger bonds appears to grow with more defects in a grand canonical simulation, with typically three or four incorrect particles bonded in the final structure. A judicious choice of DNA sequences can thus significantly affect the probability that high co-ordination number structures in particular can grow in a reasonably error-free manner.

\begin{figure}[b!]
\centering
\includegraphics{fig5-coordNum-grandCanonical-complex.pdf}
\caption{Snapshots from grand-canonical ensemble simulations of 12-co-ordinate particles with a 68\,\% G-C content. $T=\SI{344}{\kelvin}$. The fugacity of all `desired' particle types is set to $z_\text{des}=2/(78a)^3$, where $78a$ is the length of the simulation box in lattice units. All simulation snapshots shown here were obtained from the same building blocks, but with setting the fugacity of particles not part of the `desired' structure to zero. In each case, the whole simulation box and a close-up of the largest cluster are shown. (a) Original cubic target structure. (b) `Top hat' structure. (c) Central cavity structure.}\label{fig-coordNum-grandCanonical-complex}
\end{figure}

One of the main advantages of the work on DNA bricks has been their modularity, in the sense that a large range of target structures have been assembled from essentially the same building blocks: the cubic target structures considered so far can be thought of as a `molecular canvas'.\cite{Ke2012, Wei2012} It is possible in experiment to construct more intricate structures simply by not including the undesired bricks from the assembly pot, although in practice, poly-T DNA strands were used at every non-bonded position to minimise undesired interactions. To verify that this modularity continues to be a feature of target structures with a higher co-ordination number, we have run grand canonical simulations with certain building blocks simply missing. This results in the self-assembly of more complex target structures, exactly as expected. We show two structures that have formed in such conditions in Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-grandCanonical-complex}: a `top hat' style structure and a cube with a cavity. The self-assembly of these target structures from a cubic canvas confirms that the modularity of the building blocks remains a feature in these high-co-ordination number structures.

Moreover, we have run simulations in which the target number density of the undesired building blocks is not set to zero, but rather to a finite but small number. In principle, one would expect that the undesired building blocks need not be completely absent from the reaction mixture, but must simply be vastly outnumbered by the correct building blocks. Our simulations suggest that this is indeed possible, but the fugacities (and hence the solution number densities) of the undesired particles must be set to very low values in order to form the target structure reproducibly. The precise value of the required fugacity depends on the environment of the undesired particles in the underlying canvas structure. For example, for structures with a co-ordination number of 12, if the target structure is a `top hat' (Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-grandCanonical-complex}(b)), most of the undesired particles are outlying particles with relatively few bonds connecting them to the remaining structure. It thus proves possible to form the desired target structure reliably when the undesired particle fugacities are set to approximately \SI{0.5}{\percent} of the desired particle fugacities of $z_\text{des}=2/(78a)^3$ (where $78a$ is the length of the simulation box in lattice units). Larger `undesired' fugacities result in considerable attachment of the undesired particles over time. However, if the target structure is the central cavity structure of Fig.~\ref{fig-coordNum-grandCanonical-complex}(c), most of the undesired particles are at the centre of the cubic canvas and any undesired bonding that does occur is rather stable; therefore an even lower concentration of undesired particles is required in order to be able to self-assemble the target structure robustly.\footnote{In addition, such a structure is considerably more difficult to nucleate than the full cube, since the nucleus that forms must be near the edges of the target structure and has, of necessity, fewer bonds and is thus less stable.}  Whilst in theory, designed structures can form in a modular way even when the solution concentration of undesired particle is non-zero, if the target structures are not passivated as they are in experiment (with a poly-T sequence assigned to outlying non-bonding portions of the single-stranded DNA), there is always the chance that at least some undesired particles will attach to the structure, either during growth or once the desired structure is already fully assembled. In this sense, the experimental strategy of passivating the outer surfaces appears to be very important and permits the desired structure to be assembled even in slightly unclean environments.

\section{Conclusions}

We have shown that, using a simplified computational model for addressable self-assembly, we are able to self-assemble structures with co-ordination numbers as high as 12. This was a somewhat unexpected result, because we had previously predicted that such structures will exhibit free-energy barriers to nucleation very different -- and less conducive to self-assembly -- from those previously determined for tetrahedrally co-ordinated structures. Our theoretical work suggested that the nucleation barriers would be less jagged in appearance and much more classical in shape. We predicted that this indicated that self-assembly would be considerably more challenging, because the supersaturation required for nucleation free-energy barriers to be surmountable would need to be greater: so great, we hypothesised, that competition from misassembled structures would dominate and it would be impossible for high co-ordination number structures to be assembled spontaneously in high yield.\cite{Jacobs2015b}

Indeed, the theoretical predictions we made about the free-energy barrier are borne out in simulations, but the hypothesis that such structures would be impossible to form is not. We have shown that the free-energy barriers do indeed become less jagged, the critical cluster size is considerably more temperature-dependent and it is more difficult to find mild conditions under which error-free self-assembly can occur. However, we have shown that despite this, it is still possible to find conditions under which the nucleation free-energy barrier is large enough that nucleation is rare, but sufficiently small that it can nonetheless sometimes occur, in conditions under which the stable structure lies along the pathway towards the formation of a fully assembled designed target structure. This is very good news, because it gives us some confidence that higher co-ordination number structures, which are expected to be of considerable interest in nanotechnology, may indeed be possible to assemble using only a simple protocol.

We have also shown that the design process is modular in much the same way as it is for DNA bricks and that the designed structures self-assemble reproducibly in computer simulations. However, it is necessary to qualify these successes of the simulation method. The computational model we have used to study these effects is very crude and neglects a number of aspects that are likely to be important in any experimental realisation. Notwithstanding the molecular-level mechanisms of DNA hybridisation that have been coarse-grained away, one particular limitation of the model we have used is that it is a lattice model, which over-constrains the geometry of the growing structures and favours their successful assembly. This geometric constraint may be a significant issue in experimental work, perhaps especially so if DNA multi-arm motifs rather than coated colloidal particles were used in the assembly process, as they are themselves not very stiff, and the resulting poor geometry of the growing cluster may significantly retard the growth process. Such additional geometric considerations may cause difficulties not only during the nucleation stage itself, where the additional loss of entropy of the monomers required to form a compact structure would likely increase the height of the free-energy barrier, but because of the time involved in the reorganisation of the monomer structure when bonding to the growing clusters, they may also reduce the ratio of the rate of cluster growth relative to cluster diffusion: this may make it more likely for different clusters in the system to meet and interact, frustrating their correct assembly. It would be useful in future work therefore to characterise more fully the effect of the cooling protocol on addressable self-assembly.

These considerations may mean that not all possible experimental approaches to many-component building blocks may result in successful self-assembly, and so experimental success is far from guaranteed. It is likely to be the case that an experimental realisation of such building blocks may involve a significant investment of time, effort and not least money. Nevertheless, since we have shown that high co-ordination number self-assembly is computationally feasible, this indicates that the underlying physics does not preclude such structures from self-assembling: we hope this will help to stimulate experimental efforts to achieve similar complexity.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank William M.~Jacobs and David M.~Smith for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Programme Grant EP/I001352/1]. Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.~DE-SC0012704. Supporting data are available at \href{https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250582}{https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250582}.

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\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Hello, my name is Ion and i have a big passion for football and I started to watch football games since i was seven years old and i remember those late nights of Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday when because of Champions League and Uefa Cup(Europa Cup now) i was going to sleep late after midnight despite that the next day early morning i use to have classes.
Time past and beside playing football on our PE lessons, the variety of activities and products about football was growing every single year. Electronic games, still remember those long night playing in the internet caffee FIFA 2002, and then home on PC FIFA 2005 or Pro Evolution Soccer. During the summers i use to make sure that if i'm leaving for the country side for summer vacation i will get definitely couple of jerseys to play with my lads wearing a T-Shirt of some football player of the days.
Beside this I use to write down the squads of the national teams playing in Euros or World Cup as well and the teams fighting for European glory, back then the access to internet was quite limited and being up to date with the news in the international football was quite an adventure.
I decided to open this page in order to share this passion. There are a lot of people who might want to know what are the steps to become a professional footballer, manager, coach, scouter or FIFA agent, etc. If there is any information available on the the internet i decided to share with people who might be interested in this. Someone can be interested in souvenirs, clothing or other sport article related to one football club or other, here we can direct and show you the shortest way how you can get those items. As a matter of fact i bough as well a few pieces for myself and once we got the first babe i made sure that my boy is as well following his father favorite club. There may be nice offers during the sale time or maybe there is possibility to find some Jersey for example for exchange or massive clearance which can complete someones collection so we can work and on this moment as well.
Nowadays there are massive communities and blogs covering specific teams and event and here we can find something interesting for each and everyone checking the desired League or a specific team from the menu.
P.S. I understand that to get so much amount of info on one page is not so simple but together with your suggestion we can make it a great virtual temple of people in love with football.


Another way to back up SQL is by using the native backup function of SQL to create a flat file backup, which can then become the target for a separate backup application if necessary. This method is especially useful if an environment already has a centralized backup infrastructure that doesn't support SQL natively. The sample backup procedure that follows is based on SQL Server 2012; however, the steps are very similar for SQL Server 2008 R2.
1. Log on to the server where Lync Back End databases are installed using an account with SQL administrative rights, and open SQL Server Management Studio.
2. At the Connect to Server prompt, keep the default options of connecting to the local server with Windows Authentication, and click Connect.
3. Expand Databases in the left pane.
4. Right-click on the database you want to back up, select Tasks, and click Back Up.
5. At the Back Up Database screen, the first set of options for the backup job appears, as shown in Figure 1. In the Source section, select a backup type of either Full or Differential, and select the Copy-Only Backup option if desired. In the Backup Set section, either keep the default name for the backup set or enter an alternative name, along with a description if desired. Also, you can choose a backup set expiration date if necessary. In the Destination section, either keep the default backup destination, which is the standard SQL Backup directory on the local system, or click Add and specify an alternative destination.
Figure 1. SQL backup options.
6. Click Options in the left pane to view a second set of options for the backup job, as shown in Figure 2. In the Overwrite Media section, several media set options are available, which will determine whether the backup data will append to or overwrite an existing backup set, or create a new media set. In the Reliability section, options for backup verification, checksums, and error handling are available. In the Compression section, one of several compression options can be selected. After making the desired selections, click OK to start the backup job.
Figure 2. Additional SQL backup options.
7. When the backup has completed, click OK.


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Home Sports Football LFP announces final standings as Ligue 1 officially concludes
LFP announces final standings as Ligue 1 officially concludes
Tom Daniels
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Ligue 1's 2019/20 season has officially concluded as the French Professional Football League (LFP) awards Paris Saint Germain with its seventh title in eight years and reveals which teams will be relegated to Ligue 2.
A points-per-game system was used by the LFP, which takes into account the performance of clubs in the matches already played, in order to decide the league's final standings with PSG, Marseille and Rennes qualifying for the Champions League.
At the other side of the table, the calculation has resulted in Toulouse and Amiens being relegated.
After being award the title, PSG chairman Nasser Al-Khelaifi stated that the right call was made for the safety of the country. He said: "We understand, respect and support the decisions taken by the French Government to end the championship. Health, as the government has always said, must be everyone's priority.
"In these difficult times, I hope that this trophy will bring a little happiness and hope to all our supporters, and I am grateful to them for their unwavering support which helps drive Paris St-Germain forward."
Nevertheless, not all clubs have shared the same sentiment as PSG, with Olympique Lyonnais contemplating an appeal against the LFP's decision. By the point-per-game system Lyon has finished 7th which has seen them narrowly miss out on European football.
A club spokesperson stated: "Olympique Lyonnais reserves the right to appeal against that decision and claim damages, in particular in respect of loss of opportunity and in the light of the case-law of other professional sports which is currently underway, since the damage to the club amounts to several tens of millions of euros.
"We proposed as early as Tuesday that the league study an alternative solution that would allow the championship to end and thus preserve the fairness inherent in any sporting competition and be in line with UEFA's proposals based on sporting merit according to objective, transparent and non-discriminatory principles."
Amiens has also expressed its desire to address the standings with the LFP, asking for greater clarity to the organisers decision before taking any further action.
Ligue 2 has also been affected as a result of the cancelation with Lorient being crowned champions under the same ruling.
With Ligue 1 being officially concluded the LFP has now turned to plans for next season with the organisers intending to start its Ligue 1 and 2 seasons on August 22 at the latest.
French Professional Football League [LFP]
Nasser al-Khelaifi
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