text:
Gender pay gap: Will autumn 2015 be the tipping point for action?
September 15, 2015 by Ian Griggs
A groundswell of support for voluntary reporting of gender pay discrepancies by agencies of all sizes, together with a pledge by industry leaders to tackle the issue head on, has emerged from the results of new research. And certain practices - which see women paid up to £10,000 less than men - could be about to go the way of the dinosaur where, few would disagree, they belong.
A majority of PR and comms specialists favour a 'no limit' approach to publishing disparities in gender pay, according to new research by the PRCA, Women in PR and PRWeek.
This follows the end of a Government consultation earlier this month that asked businesses which employ more than 250 people how gender pay gap regulations are designed and what information should be published.
The law was changed during the coalition Government to give ministers the power to force companies which employ more than 250 people to publish gender pay data but, so far, it has not been implemented.
The Government is expected to make a statement regarding the consultation by the end of the year. David Cameron, the Prime Minister, said in July that he wants to close the gender pay gap within a generation and "cast sunlight on the discrepancies", adding that he regards gender pay reporting as a key plank of achieving this aim.
But while in-house comms teams for large firms might benefit if legislation comes into force, only a handful of agencies would be affected by the changes - around 8 per cent of agencies employed more than 250 people at the time of the PRCA's 2013 census.
Earlier this year, PRWeek reported how the average pay gap between men and women stands at between £8,500 and £10,000 for the same role.
Now the PRCA says it will actively lobby its members to adopt gender pay reporting and pledges to name and praise agencies that do so in a quarterly report.
Pressure from employees, industry leaders and the Government's consultation has created a head of steam and demands for lasting change.
PRWeek asked agencies and industry leaders if autumn 2015 would be remembered as the turning point when one of the most basic and lasting inequalities in PR and comms began to be addressed.
The survey, carried out by the PRCA, Women in PR and PRWeek, received more than 550 responses, including nearly 80 from agency chiefs.
Respondents were also invited to leave comments in addition to the answers to the survey questions on the gender pay gap.
Rife and unfair.
Comment to the survey on the prevalence of the gender pay gap
One tells the survey it is "still a problem, but not as bad as it was" while another says it is "rife and unfair".
More than 80 per cent of those surveyed either agree or strongly agree that publication of gender pay information will encourage employers to take positive action on the issue, indicating strong support for the industry to take the lead on this issue.
Peter Bowles, co-founder of Dynamo (pictured above), winner of PRWeek's 2015 Best Places to Work award in the 'small agency' category, agrees that publishing data is the best way to tackle the problem.
He says: "Companies being transparent about what they pay staff will force everyone to adhere to best practice and pay people the same amount for the same level."
Large agencies such as Weber Shandwick, which employs 350 people in the UK, are in step with those at the other end of the scale. Colin Byrne, chief executive UK and EMEA, at Weber, says he "strongly agrees" that publication would encourage action but that it should not become an end in itself.
He adds: "Given our workforce is overwhelmingly women, there is a case for us being an early adopter, but I would rather see us fix the issue than focus on reporting."
But this view is not necessarily typical across all large agencies, with some preferring to take a more market-led approach to recruitment.
John Waples (pictured above), senior managing director at FTI consulting, which employs 200 people in the UK, says: "We are in a competitive marketplace and I see few merits in publishing gender pay information. FTI has pay bands which, regardless of gender, are based on positions held at the firm. Individuals are at the top or bottom of that range and gender plays no part at all. I am a firm believer that if someone is underpaid and believes talents are being undervalued there is always someone else who can put the right price on that. We have recruited lots of men and women that way."
More than 70 per cent of agency chiefs who responded to the survey agreed or strongly agreed that publishing pay data is essential for change.
Any discussion of gender pay differences should take account of the number of hours worked by men and women. It is well known that men work more hours in a career than women.
Comment to survey by agency chief
However, among anonymised comments submitted by agency chiefs along with their survey answers, is evidence of more traditional points of view around the issue.
One tells the survey: "Any discussion of gender pay differences should take account of the number of hours worked by men and women. It is well known that men work more hours in a career than women."
Meanwhile, other small agencies such as The Forge Communications, founded a year ago by Holly Ward and Emma-Jo Jones (both pictured above), urge the Government to have more ambition.
Jones says: "It is shocking that there's still an economic inequality between men and women. It is clear that mindsets of senior bodies will need to shift dramatically in order for this to change. Cameron needs to look at the gender gap in all firms, not just 'larger' places of work, and it is this action that will start to diminish this 'prehistoric' mindset."
General survey respondents and agency chiefs overwhelmingly support a lower limit to gender pay reporting than that proposed by the Government.
Nearly 80 per cent say the industry should voluntarily adopt a lower limit than 250 people, while nearly 70 per cent of agency chiefs agree with this.
Of the general respondents, 52 per cent say all agencies should publish differences in gender pay, no matter how many people they employ, while a further 21 per cent said agencies which employ more than 50 people should publish results.
Among agency chiefs, these numbers fall to 33 per cent supporting a 'no employee limit' approach while another 24 per cent think reporting should apply to agencies with more than 50 people.
Francis Ingham (pictured above), director-general of the PRCA, says the industry body will campaign among its members to get them to adopt a voluntary lower limit than the Government proposal and will 'name and praise' firms that agree to do so in quarterly reports.
He says: "Given it relies on disclosure and that discussions around pay, in general, sit uneasily with so many people, we need to focus on positive engagement that names and praises agencies committed to using a lower threshold than the Government has so-far proposed. The PRCA will publicly recognise all of the firms that sign up, in the format of quarterly reports containing the names of all those that have confirmed their commitment to publishing gender pay gap data."
Ingham is optimistic about the prospect of firms adopting voluntary lower limits.
He adds: "We do not believe this will be a hard sell for most: from the conversations we have had and the survey we undertook together, there is an acceptance from participants at every single level that something has to change."
Mary Whenman (pictured above), president of Women in PR, thinks the PRCA should link gender pay reporting with accreditations it awards, such as its code of conduct and its 'consultancy management standard'.
She says: "As the trade body that represents agencies and in-house teams, the PRCA is probably best-placed to lead the industry on adopting the response to the significant gender pay gap that some of the brightest talent in our industry is currently facing."
Whenman thinks the biggest barriers to reporting will be the attitude of agency bosses together with the perception or more red tape being heaped on small businesses.
The CIPR, which has also carried out extensive research on the gender pay gap, welcomed the fresh impetus to tackle the issue.
Sarah Pinch (pictured above), CIPR president, said: "After several years of the CIPR publishing in-depth data and analysis of the PR gender pay gap, it's fantastic to see that a clear majority of the businesses in our industry are now willing to pull their finger out and start to deliver action. The CIPR fully supports any steps to deliver pay transparency and I truly believe that voluntary reporting that goes beyond the Government's limited proposed approach could be transformative for the sector."
But Pinch warns that gender pay reporting alone will not solve the problem and echoes Whenman's assessment that a deficit of management skills is partly to blame.
She adds: "Our own research leads us to the conclusion that the PR pay gap is proliferated by poor standards of people and performance management. This has resulted in salaries and rewards often being set on an ad-hoc basis, with little or no justification for James earning ten to 15 thousand pounds more than Julie."
So, are agency chiefs ready to adopt a voluntary lower limit?
Ward, whose agency employs four people, says: "I believe that all agencies should close the gap. The 250 employee limit seems too high given the large number of medium-sized agencies. We would gladly comply with any PRCA recommendations."
Dynamo, which employs 25 people, has signed up to the HeForShe gender equality initiative, championed by the actor Emma Watson, and has also pledged to share its pay information to support the campaign to close the pay gap.
Bowles says: "Some agencies would adopt [voluntary reporting] but not all of them just yet. I think newer, more progressive and disruptive agencies like ours will be the very first to sign-up."
But Byrne (pictured above) thinks the Government has "probably got it right" with its 250+ limit and he is wary of further regulation.
He says: "Pay levels are a key competitive issue for agencies so I would not impose reporting. As a leading member of the PRCA, we would take an active look at [voluntary reporting], of course. But we are a business at the end of the day. I hope the PR industry, as a progressive business, would embrace pay equality because it is the right thing to do."
Waples insists that pay at the top of FTI is on merit and that an employee's gender plays no part in the process.
He adds: "Would we like more senior women at the business? Most definitely; – the industry has got to learn to be more flexible to allow that to happen."
Ingham will begin speaking to PRCA members about reporting "as soon as the Government publishes the outcome of its consultation". He says: "After this, we can begin providing quarterly updates on how this industry is succeeding and the ways in which we're bringing about an end to the problem."
The industry's initiative to adopt a voluntary approach to reporting has attracted the attention of Nicky Morgan, minister for women and equalities, who is steering through the government's consultation.
Morgan (pictured above) tells PRWeek: "I'm delighted that the PR and communications industry is taking the initiative and looking at what works best for them. We know that closing the gender pay gap is not just the right thing to do, it's good for business and good for our economy - equalising women's productivity would clear a third of our national debt."
It is clear from the survey results and the comments of industry leaders that the current status quo which allows a pay gap of as much as £10,000 to exist between men and women doing the same job cannot be allowed to continue and that a tipping point has been reached.
Among other pressures, a younger generation demanding more transparency and fairness over pay is heavily represented in the survey results and the industry will have to meet its expectations or face the consequences.
B2B/Trade PR
Healthcare PR
Public sector (UK)
Global Women in PR to launch
PRCA, Women in PR and PRWeek launch gender pay gap survey
Men earn almost £34,000 more than women in top PR jobs, government survey finds
Tackling the gender pay gap: The £65,000 question
Why are there so few female leaders in PR?
How to close the gender pay gap in PR
Bushfires crisis: PR pros slam Australian PM's failure of crisis comms and leadership
General Election Panel: 'parties need a simple message that is guaranteed to stick'
General Election Panel: Avoidable errors in the final week of campaigns, but will they affect the outcome?
Five days in November: Inside the multi-agency comms response to the flooding
General Election Panel: Public turns the screws on leaders during televised debate


We are one of the world leading companies in art business, with over 200 employees in the Asia region. Our business categories including all areas of fine and decorative arts, jewellery, photographs, collectibles, wine, and more. The designer will direct report to the Asia Art director. The individual must have proven working experiences to work with a small team, and build & protect our brand in Asia.
• Generate clear design ideas, concepts and creative assets to support Asia marketing team's advertising campaigns, ensure all assets align with our brand guidelines.
• Design and produce marketing assets, not limited to print materials, but also digital output including banners, eDMs and motion graphics.
• Work closely with marketing and editorial teams from concepts to output.
• Strive for continuous improvement through the feedback from stakeholders.
• Assign creative production schedules and monitor all output to ensure the quality are up to our standard.
• Perform other duties as assigned by Art Director.
• Diploma or Degree holder in Multimedia, Interactive, Graphic Design, or related disciplines.
• 3-5 years' experience within a design studio or in-house environment focused on marketing materials and Corporate Branding, fresh graduates or less experience will be considered as Junior Designer.
• Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite (Dreamweaver, Illustrator, Photoshop, InDesign) and MS Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) is a must. Good to know After effects, Premiere Pro.
• Comfortable to work on both Mac and PC platform.
• Fluency in written and spoken English and Chinese. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.


Companies so badly want to acquire open source skills that nearly half of respondents to a new survey said they would pay people become open source certified.
And topping the list of jobs most in demand? Developer.
That's according to a just-published report from open source champion The Linux Foundation and the Dice careers site, titled "Open Source Jobs Report: Employers Prioritize Hiring Open Source Professionals with Latest Skills" (free PDF upon providing registration info).
The open source skills gap shows no signs of narrowing since last year's similar report.
"Developer remains the position most hiring managers in this survey (73 percent) seek to fill," said the new report. "They also need DevOps engineers (60 percent) and systems administrators (53 percent)."
Along with application development, specific areas for which enterprises are seeking talent include cloud, Big Data, DevOps and security -- the usual suspects in surveys of such type, though mobile often ranks up there, too.
"In the 2017 survey, 58 percent of hiring managers say they will hire more open source professionals in the next six months, and 67 percent say hiring of open source professionals will increase more than in other areas of the business," the report said. "This represents a two-point increase over last year in employers who said open source hiring would be their top field of recruitment. When asked about the factors fueling their hiring plans, 60 percent cited company growth, followed by increasing use of open source technologies (42 percent) and open source become core to their business (30 percent). Respondents could choose more than one answer."
But self-taught developers thinking about trying to help fill the skills gap should note that employers value professional training and certifications -- so much so that 47 percent of companies will help pay for employees' certifications. Half of company respondents said they're more likely to hire certified pros, and 76 percent of those same open source pros believe certifications are useful to their careers.
Furthermore, only 21 percent of companies said they definitely wouldn't pay for certifications, which was down from 30 percent in last year's report.
And all of these factors, of course, are driving up salaries.
"Pay premiums have consistently grown over the past year for certified skills in areas including information security; application development/programming languages; databases; networking and communications; and systems administration/engineering -- skill sets that are among the hardest positions to fill," the report said. One data point from Dice's annual salary survey underscores this point: Linux professionals earn average salaries of about $100,000 annually (about the same as last year), compared to an average of $92,000 for other tech pros.
Sixty-seven percent of managers say hiring of open source professionals will increase more than other areas of the business in the next six months.
89 percent of hiring managers say it's difficult to find open source talent.
86 percent of professionals say open source has 86 advanced their career.
52 percent say it would be easy to find another job.
Only 27 percent report they have not received a recruiting call in the past six months.
Potentially reflecting rising global uncertainty, only 43 percent of hiring managers in 2017 report the economy is encouraging them to hire more, down from 57 percent in 2016.
With the tech unemployment rate holding steady at around 2.5 percent, employers are keen to hang on to talent once they find it. With the rate as low at 1.2 percent for programmers, filling these and other IT positions can be especially tricky.
33 percent of managers report they have offered additional training and/or opportunities as an incentive to retain employees, up from 26 percent last year.
Only 14 percent of open source pros said money and perks were the reason they chose an open source career, and only 3 percent cited those as the best things about their jobs.
The main reasons they chose this career are the freedom of open source (71 percent), their personal passion about open source (68 percent), and that open source runs modern technology (65 percent).
More than 280 people -- hiring managers and open source pros -- responded to the survey from The Linux Foundation and Dice. The report also used data from more than 1,800 open source professionals worldwide who responded to another survey.
"It's increasingly an open source world," the survey concluded. "Google, Twitter, Facebook, eBay, Pinterest ... the list goes on of Web companies running on open source code. Android dominates in the smartphone market. And automakers are coming together to standardize Linux for everything from self-driving cars to streaming entertainment.
"That can only mean more opportunities for open source professionals as companies strive to cut time to market with innovative products and gain greater efficiency in operations. "


You are battling piles, there is certainly no doubt which you wish to remove internal hemorrhoids as quick as possible. Sadly, it is not really that simple. Among finding out a precise diagnosis of the pain that you really feel and making use of all of the lotions and also products which do not function extremely properly, you are possibly fairly annoyed proper now. Which is due to the fact it can be hard to determine what hemorrhoids are if you've never experienced them. This may also be difficult to have hope when creams and also ointments don't seem to function.
Creams and also creams do not work however that shouldn't be amazing. After all, creams as well as ointments just work on the outside. They do not work on the inside. How are you designed to get rid of internal hemorrhoids whenever you aren't assaulting the main problem? Which is the difficulty with creams plus creams - they do not attack the root, they attack the warning sign.
A annoying bud needs to be taken out as well as someone simply reduces the top of it, it will grow back again within days.
When an individual actually digs it out by the root, although, it'll be completely gone.
The exact same is true of those that require to get rid of internal hemorrhoids.
Butcher's broom is really an herb that may be used inside of and can help to get rid of internal hemorrhoids by attacking the root troubles.
What are the root issues?
Well, one issue is blood clotting.
A blood clot within a fragile vein can very easily result in thrombosed internal hemorrhoids.
When which is the case, it is difficult to cure the issue with out getting rid of the clot.
No cream or perhaps cream will be able to do that.
Butcher's broom, although, is truly a natural plant that has been known for many years for its ability to get rid of as well as avoid blood clotting.
People who are significant concerning working out how to get rid of internal hemorrhoids have to get serious about attacking the main problem. Something else which is a huge dilemma for piles is the actual fact in which there is certainly infection on the vein and bad circulation to the blood. As luck would have it, butcher's broom moreover helps with those problems too. That's why if you would like to get rid of internal hemorrhoids, you have to do so utilizing butcher's broom.


text:
Home Local Okorocha speaks on dumping APC, says he brought Oshiomhole
Okorocha speaks on dumping APC, says he brought Oshiomhole
The immediate past governor of Imo State, Senator Rochas Okorocha, has lamented the humiliating treatment meted out to him by his party, the All Progressives Congress, APC, in spite of his sacrifices and financial contributions to the party.
Okorocha, the senator representing Imo West Senatorial District, told newsmen in Abuja on Tuesday that he got evil reward from APC for his commitment to the course of the party, especially in the South East.
He noted that he had to go contrary to his kinsmen and political associates just to ensure that the party was placed on a sound footing in Imo and in the South East, but was surprised that he rewarded with suspension.
"If you recall, I was called all sorts of names like 'Okoro Hausa' and that I was building mosques and all that were associated with it.
"But I kept deaf ears because I felt that I was on the right course with my people.
"I was instrumental to bringing Adams Oshiomhole as national chairman of the APC and he cannot deny that fact.
"I took the troubles of APC in the South East and the APC I see now can easily tell Gov. Emeka Ihedioha to come to its fold if only he can fight Rochas.
"That is really an unfortunate situation and it has weakened my spirit and my faith to the party because I thought we are family working to advance the course of this nation.
"But the way it is going, it does not look like there will be a solution. And there seems to be silence everywhere.
"I don't even know my stand about my suspension because for some time, I don't know what is happening in APC.
"But for the silence all over, it just looks as if it is normal.
"So, I am just waiting and thinking of what next to do but I am still a member of APC and I love the party and will support it," Okorocha said.
Previous article"Who Is Pregnant" – Laura Ikeji denies pregnancy rumor after revealing baby bump
Next articleTyson Fury gives Anthony Joshua stern warning ahead of rematch with Ruiz Jr.
Protest: PDP shuts down Abuja over Supreme Court Judgement on Imo
Ogun workers to embark on strike Friday
CCT dismisses Onnoghen's no-case submission, orders suspended CJN to enter defence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


High Precision – AMIR kitchen scale built with high precision sensor system, provides you with instant and accurate results from 2g (0.05oz) to 5000g.
Large Weighing Range – The Smart Digital Cooking Scale is crafted to be strong, accurate, fast, and user-friendly. Designed with a newly enlarged weighing platform and a large back-lit LCD screen, this digital kitchen scale weighs up to 5 kg (11 lbs.), Error range: ±3g, which adapts to a variety of items.
Multi-Function – Includes low battery and overload indication, tare function, and auto off after 70 seconds of inactivity, which helps to preserve battery power and efficiency; 2 AAA batteries included. Quickly and conveniently convert measurement results between g, oz, lb, ml, kg, milk ml with the press of UNIT button.
Stylish Stainless Steel Design – Minimalistic and elegant silver design makes this food scale stylish. Anti-fingerprint design makes it easy to clean and maintain. Constructed with a high-quality stainless steel platform and ABS plastic frame, this digital kitchen scale is durable and easy to clean.
Compact Design & Space Saver: The Kitchen scale's compact size (Product Dimensions: 7.09 x 5.51 x 0.59 inch) takes up minimal space on your desk, makes it easy to storage or carrying. Please feel free to contact us if you are not satisfied with it.
5kg = just over 11 lbs. Given the specs of this scale, I think it would work well for hops, brewing grains and other ingredients. It's not precise or sensitive enough for brewing sales.
What I like about this scale… I like the stainless steel design, the fact that is has the tare feature and the fact that it uses easy to find [Search AmazonBasics AAA] AAA batteries.
This entry was posted in Amazon, Scales on December 2, 2017 by admin.


The classic and beloved Buffalo Nickel was minted from 1913-1938, and this collection includes one coin from each of the three decades it was minted: 1910's, 1920's, and 1930's.
• The coin was designed by famous sculptor James Earle Fraser, who was known for his dramatic images of the American West. The beautiful and artistic design makes this the quintessential "American" coin and a unique celebration of "Wild West" culture and heritage.
• The front is a composite portrait of three Native American chiefs: Iron Tail (a Sioux who fought against Custer at Little Bighorn and who was a star in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show), Two Moons (a Cheyenne who also fought at Little Bighorn), and movie star John Big Tree (a Seneca). All three were alive when the coin was first issued.
• The back features a stunning image of a buffalo, Black Diamond, who was a star attraction at the New York Zoological Gardens. The buffalo was a symbol of the American West, but it was almost extinct when the first Buffalo Nickel was made in 1913.
• The last Buffalo Nickel was minted over 75 years ago in 1938. Most coins were worn or damaged in circulation or were destroyed by the U.S. government when the Jefferson Nickel was introduced in 1938, leaving few for today's collectors.


We look forward to seeing you in 2018! If it is your first visit, or you come every year, we are here and awaiting your arrival!
We have a limited number of events available in the Fall of 2018, but our weekends and weekdays are fillingup for this Spring, Summer and Fall.
What's new includes, more community events, like Senior Class photos, drumming circles, fundraisers and movie nights. We have also partnered with Catskill Mountain Angler for several unique weekend fly fishing adventures.
We have been here for 20 years…and are preparing for our next decade of serving you, and giving you a chance to experience a wonderful stay here in the Catskills.
Previous Post2015 Weddings are happening!
Weddings, Weddings and more Weddings! Only 2 events open for 2015!


text:
Q: Java recursion to find all the possible permutations & combinations in Arraylist quits too early I'm writing a recursive permutations program in Java to find all the possible permutation of the Strings in an Arraylist.
I know there are a lot of posts similar to this, but I haven't found one that addresses this issue specifically.
The problem I have with my code is that it only runs the first permutation and then quits
I know that it's doing this because every time it is called, an item is removed but the indexes shift so its only doing one call per element, but I don't know how to fix it. I've tried changing the for-loop conditions, removing the element at different spots, adding base cases, but everything seems to only make it worse. As it is now, the input[w,h,a,t]would return an arrayList with elements [what,hat,at,t]. The expected output is all the permutations of the four letters.
Where do I go from here? I know I'm close but I've been stuck on this for several days
Any help would be greatly appreciated
public class wordFinder {
    static ArrayList<String> permutations = new ArrayList<String>();
    public static String findPermutations(ArrayList<String> letterArray) {
        String prefix = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < letterArray.size(); i++) {
            String temp = letterArray.remove(i);
            prefix = temp + findPermutations(letterArray);
            permutations.add(prefix);
        }
        return prefix;
    }
}

A:
Note: Using ArrayLists like this for alphabets, along with for-loop and recursion is not optimal and extremely expensive in term of resources. This solution is only to illustrate the concept of recursion as mentioned in the question.

As you are looking for the recursive solution, to understand the concept, here it is.
The primary idea is that as you keep removing an alphabet from the ArrayList, keep adding them to another list so that they don't get lost and use both the lists to find all the possible combinations.
Code:
static ArrayList<String> permutations = new ArrayList<String>();

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ArrayList<String> letterArray = new ArrayList<String>();
    letterArray.add("w");
    letterArray.add("h");
    letterArray.add("a");
    letterArray.add("t");
    wordFinder(new ArrayList<String>(), letterArray);
    System.out.println(Arrays.asList(permutations));
}

public static void wordFinder(ArrayList<String> sub,
        ArrayList<String> letterArray) {
    permutations.add(sub.toString());
    if (letterArray.size() != 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < letterArray.size(); i++) {
            ArrayList<String> prefix = new ArrayList<String>(sub);
            prefix.add(letterArray.get(i));
            ArrayList<String> postfix = new ArrayList<String>(letterArray);
            postfix.remove(i);
            wordFinder(prefix, postfix);
        }
    }
}

A: You dont need a recursion for that.
You can do this by simple iterations:
Try:
public class wordFinder {
    public static ArrayList<String> findPermutations(ArrayList<String> letterArray) {
        ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < letterArray.size(); i++) {
            String current = letterArray.get(i);
            for (int j = i +1; j < letterArray.size(); j++) {
                current = current + letterArray.get(j);
            }
            result.add(current);

        }
        return result;
    }
}

This will return an array of Strings just how you expect!
Hope it helps!

A: You should say thanks to @Cesar Villasana. Because i just converted hi solution to recursive one. Here is this code and you will get your desired output.
public class Test {

         /*static int i=0;
         static ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
         public static void findPermutations(ArrayList<String> letterArray) {

             //int i=0;
             if(i>=letterArray.size()){
                 return;

             }else{

                 String current = letterArray.get(i);
                 for (int j = i +1; j < letterArray.size(); j++) {
                     current = current + letterArray.get(j);
                 }
                 result.add(current);

             i++;
             findPermutations(letterArray);
         }

         }*/
        public ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> generatePerm(ArrayList<String> original) {
            if (original.size() == 0) {
              ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();
              result.add(new ArrayList<String>());
              return result;
            }
            String firstElement = original.remove(0);
            ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> returnValue = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();
            ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> permutations = generatePerm(original);
            for (ArrayList<String> smallerPermutated : permutations) {
              for (int index=0; index <= smallerPermutated.size(); index++) {
                ArrayList<String> temp = new ArrayList<String>(smallerPermutated);
                temp.add(index, firstElement);
                returnValue.add(temp);
              }
            }
            return returnValue;
          }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ArrayList<String > b=new ArrayList<String>();
        b.add("w");
        b.add("h");
        b.add("a");
        b.add("t");
    Test t=new Test();
//  t.findPermutations(b);
    //  System.out.println(t.result);
    System.out.println(t.generatePerm(b));
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
John Malkovich to star in David Mamet's new play Bitter Wheat at the Garrick Theatre
Preview by Lizzie Guilfoyle
MULTI award-winning John Malkovich returns to the West End stage after nearly 30 years to play Barney Fein, a top dog Hollywood producer in Bitter Wheat.
A new play by the legendary author, director and playwright David Mamet, who also directs, it runs at the Garrick Theatre from June 19 (previews from June 7) to September 14, 2019.
The production also stars Doon Mackichan as Sondra and introduces Ioanna Kimbook, who will be making her theatrical debut as Yung Kim Li. Further casting will be announced in due course.
Hollywood is a hell hole. Everything in Hollywood is for sale except the awards, which are for rent.
Bitter Wheat is a play about a depraved Hollywood mogul. It rips the pashmina off the suppurating wound which is show business, and leaves us better human beings, and fitter to once more confront the horror of life.
Our hero, Barney Fein, is a bloated monster – a studio head, who, like his predecessor, the minotaur, devours the young he has lured to his cave. His fall from power to shame is a mythic journey which has been compared to The Odyssey by people who claim to have read that book.
John Malkovich began his career as an actor and director and original member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago. There he acted in numerous plays, among them True West, Of Mice and Men, The Libertine, The Glass Menagerie, Big Mother, The Dumb Waiter, and many more. As a director at Steppenwolf he staged many plays, including Absent Friends, No Man's Land, The Caretaker, Coyote Ugly , A Prayer for my Daughter, The House, Hysteria, Balm in Gilead and with the American novelist Don Delillo, he adapted and directed Libra.
He began acting in movies in 1983, his first film being The Killing Fields. His numerous credits since include Places in the Heart, Death of a Salesman, The Ogre, Dangerous Liaisons, The Object of Beauty, Empire of the Sun, Con Air, Being John Malkovich, In the Line of Fire, Le Temps Retrouvé, Klimt, Film Falaldo, Je Rentre à la Maison, Mary Reilly, Rounders, The Great Buck Howard, Burn After Reading, Red 1, Red 2 and Deepwater Horizon.
Malkovich has also worked as a fashion designer, worked extensively with colleagues in the field of classical music, and directed plays in Paris, Spain and Mexico City. He recently received widespread critical acclaim playing Hercule Poirot in a new BBC TV Agatha Christie adaptation.
Although Bitter Wheat is his first opportunity to work with David Mamet, he has worked with writers such as Christopher Hampton, Tom Stoppard, Harold Pinter, Terry Johnson, Stephen Jeffries, Sarah Phelps, Neil Cross, Sam Shepard, Robert Benton and Landford Wilson.
Doon Mackichan, who is well known for her extensive TV work which includes creating and starring in the hit comedy series Smack the Pony for Channel 4, Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, Plebs for ITV2 and Two Doors Down for the BBC, will play Barney Fein's assistant, Sondra.
Pulitzer prize-winning David Mamet has written some of the most iconic plays of the last 50 years including Sexual Perversity in Chicago, American Buffalo, Glengarry Glen Ross, Speed-the-Plow, and Oleanna.
Joining Mamet on the creative team are designer Christopher Oram and lighting designer Neil Austin.
Bitter Wheat is produced by Jeffrey Richards and Smith & Brant Theatricals.
Tickets: From £15 – to book, call 0330 333 4811 (Group booking line: 0330 333 4817; Access booking line: 0330 333 4815) or visit www.nimaxtheatres.com/.
Times: Mondays to Saturdays at 7:30pm; Thursday and Saturday matinees at 2:30pm.
Audio Described performance: Wednesday, August 21.
Captioned performance: Wednesday, August 28.
Also at the Garrick Theatre: Rip It Up – The 60s, starring Harry Judd, Aston Merrygold, Louis Smith and Jay McGuinness (February 7 to June 2, 2019).
Theatre Listings
Theatre Gallery


text: What is it? Primula zhui, a new species in the primrose family. Where was it found? It's endemic to the south of Yunnan, China's most biodiverse province. How did it get its name? It's named after Professor Zhu Hua, a plant taxonomist, "for his great contribution to botanical research in tropical areas," according to Yang…


I know this has been mentioned before, but it would be an excellent feature to be able to have PhpDock target a browser for bundling an application. Right now the lack of support for this feature is the only thing keeping me from purchasing PhpDock. I definitely need better ECMAScript and CSS support than IE provides!


text:
answeredquestions.html?_page=0&_view=all&_properties=answer.isMinisterialCorrection,tablingMember.label,tablingMember,date,parliamentNumber
human indexable
answer date
date tabled
ddp created
question status
ddp modified
parliament number
session number
written parliamentary question type
creator › label
creator › written parliamentary question
written parliamentary question
Tabled
Asylum: Employment
What recent assessment he has made of the effect on asylum seekers of his Department's policy on the right to work.
Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East
Stuart C. McDonald
House of Commons Tabled Parliamentary Question 2017/19 911932
WrittenParliamentaryQuestion
NamedDay
Biography information for Stuart C. McDonald
Hate Crime: Disability
What recent assessment he has made of trends in the level of reported disability hate crime.
Oldham East and Saddleworth
Biography information for Debbie Abrahams
Overseas Students: English Language
What progress he has made on his review of the treatment of overseas students accused of cheating in the Test of English for International Communication between 2011 and 2014; and if he will make a statement.
Construction: Apprentices
To ask the Secretary of State for Education, how many apprenticeships were created in the construction sector in 2018.
Peter Dowd
Biography information for Peter Dowd
Fire and Rescue Services: Finance
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, if he will allocate more funding to the fire service in the 2019-20 financial year.
Warrington South
Faisal Rashid
Biography information for Faisal Rashid
To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, whether his Department has made an assessment of the (a) financial, (b) emotional and (c) medical implications for couples experiencing infertility problems of IVF services being decommissioned by clinical commissioning groups.
Coventry North East
Colleen Fletcher
Biography information for Colleen Fletcher
To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what recent steps his Department has take to ensure equity of access to IVF treatment throughout England.
To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps his Department has taken to prevent clinical commissioning groups from decommissioning IVF services.
Large Goods Vehicles: EU Countries
To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what estimate he has made of the number of ECMT permits (a) required by UK haulier operations and (b) that will be made available in the event that the UK leaves the EU without a deal.
Horse Racing: Animal Welfare
To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, pursuant to the Answer of 16 April 2019 to Question 242198 on Horse Racing: Animal Welfare, what the timescale is for improving the design of starting stalls.
York Central
Rachael Maskell
Biography information for Rachael Maskell
# Counting has been applied to this query. PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> PREFIX parl: <http://data.parliament.uk/schema/parl#> SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?item a parl:WrittenParliamentaryQuestion ; parl:answer ?ans . OPTIONAL { ?item dcterms:date ?___0 . } } ORDER BY DESC(?___0) ?item OFFSET 0 LIMIT 10
DESCRIBE <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138624> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138685> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138795> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138376> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138797> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138443> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138686> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138691> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1137585> <http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1138793>


To apply for Stanislaus County permits you must register and create a user account. The City of Ceres does not currently offer online permits. You can view information and have limited services as an anonymous user. By creating an account you will find you have more access and detailed information when researching permits. We trust this will provide you with a new, higher level of service that makes living and working in our community a more enjoyable experience.


text:
ABC: The Lexicon of Love
With the Southbank Sinfonia and conducted by Anne Dudley
ABC performs the iconic debut album 'The Lexicon Of Love' in its entirety plus all the greatest hits, joined by the Southbank Sinfonia and long-time collaborator Anne Dudley, who will conduct the evening.
'The Lexicon Of Love' was first released in 1982 and went straight to number one. Fusing dance floor finesse with a post-punk attitude, the album spawned timeless tracks such 'Poison Arrow', 'The Look Of Love' , Tears Are Not Enough' and 'All Of My Heart'. The album saw ABC enchant the world with their own unique brand of pop.
Martin Fry's combination of sly northern wit and subversive intelligence, pop flamboyance and rock swagger, gold lame and lyrics that deal with treachery make this album still as contemporary as it was in the beginning.
ABC were formed in Sheffield in the 1980s when they decided they wanted to fuse the world of disco funk with their own unique post punk vision. ABC's debut album 'The Lexicon Of Love' ('82) went to No.1 and sold over a million records.
VIP Details
Top price seated ticket in the first 4 rows
Limited edition VIP tour gift
Exclusive ABC VIP tote bag
Commemorative tour poster pre-signed by ABC
Souvenir VIP ABC tour laminate and lanyard
www.abcmartinfry.com | Facebook | Twitter
1st set: 7.45pm – 8.40pm
Interval: 8.40pm-9pm
2nd set: 9pm – 10pm
Please note timings are subject to change.


text:
Andy Russell
Charles Andrew Russell
Detroit, MI USA
College: Missouri
High School: Ladue (MO)
Career: 1963-1976
Drafted: 1963 in Round 16, #220 overall by the Pittsburgh Steelers
Andy Russell played from 1963 to 1976 during his career with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Russell accounted for 13 points in his professional career.
1966 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 1 1 100.0 1
Totals 1 1 100.0 0 0 1
1966 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 2 12 6.0 7 0
1967 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 6 97 16.2 26 0
Totals 8 109 13.6 26 0
1963 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 3 20 6.7 10 0
1968 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 2 2 1.0 2 0
Playing Career:
1963 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 14 0
1975 NFL Pittsburgh Steelers 14 14
1967 - The Sporting News All-Conference (1st Team)
1968 - United Press International All-NFL (2nd Team)
1970 - United Press International All-Conference (1st Team)
1970 - Associated Press All-Conference (1st Team)
1970 - Pro Football Weekly All-Conference (1st Team)
1970 - Newspaper Enterprise Association All-NFL (2nd Team)
1972 - Associated Press All-NFL (2nd Team)
1972 - Pro Football Writers Association All-NFL (2nd Team)
1974 - United Press International All-Conference (2nd Team)
1975 - Pro Football Writers Association All-NFL (1st Team)


text:
package iso20022

type Gender1Code string

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We all know by now that technology always marches on and media formats always come and go. If you're like me, you probably have a whole library of old cassette tapes, vinyl records, photographs, slides, film and Polaroid snapshots gathering dust somewhere.
Cassettes and vinyl records have made a comeback though. Click here to see why.
Wouldn't it be nice to bring all these analog memories to the digital age? Not just for nostalgic reasons, mind you, but for preservation too.
The magnetic tape on VHS and cassette tapes will rot over time, your old photos will fade away and vinyl will eventually warp and crack. If you can convert them to digital formats now, then they'll have a better chance of surviving the test of time.
Costco offers a digital transfer service through its Photo Center. You can transfer several types of videotapes to DVDs including VHS and S-VHS, Beta, VHS-C, Hi8, Digital 8, 8mm and MiniDV.
The service includes two personalized DVDs with intelligent chapters, personalized themes and custom music. Each transfer begins at $19.99 and each DVD can hold up to two hours of video. If the footage on your tape exceeds the two-hour limit, the content will be split onto two DVDs and you'll be charged as if you'd placed two separate orders.
You can place your order using Costco's website and drop off your tapes at your local store. When your DVDs are ready, simply pick them up and take them back home to enjoy. Just make sure the footage you provide them is not copyrighted material.
Every transfer you make also comes with your own private online account at no extra cost as long as you remain an active user. This online account lets you view your transferred videos from any computer or device. To keep your account active, you must view or share videos at least once per year.
Costco's digital transfer service is not limited to videotapes. You can also transfer film reels, 35mm slides, photo prints and memory cards to DVDs.
Click here to learn more about Costco Photo Center's services.
Walgreens is another retail location that offers a digital transfer service. With Walgreens Photo, you can transfer videotapes, movie films, HD videos and photographs onto DVDs.
Walgreens also offers cloud storage. This service allows you to share or watch your films with anyone, anywhere, at any time. If you're on the fence about whether or not the cloud is worth it, your first order includes a one-month free trial.
Click here to learn more about Walgreen's Photo.
Walmart also offers a DVD transfer service. Videotapes, movie film, photographs and slides, and digital media can all be transferred to DVD.
Like Costco, Walmart places a two-hour limit per DVD. If you're still not ready to part with your old VHS tapes, Walmart also offers a special service to repair any that are damaged.
Click here to compare Walmart's transfer services.
If you have a collection of cassette tapes and vinyl records that you would want to digitize, you have tons of do-it-yourself options. As long as you have the time and patience to record your tracks in real-time, it's a relatively simple process.
First off, you need a record player or tape deck, of course. On the back of these appliances, look for red and white connectors named "Line Out." Conversely, on your computer or laptop, look for a "Line In" or "Microphone" port. On most systems, it will look exactly like a regular 3.5mm headphone port so make sure you use the right one.
Now, if your computer does have the appropriate 3.5mm input port, you'll need a cable called an "RCA to Aux" or "RCA to 3.5" cable. Just match and connect the white and red connectors to your player and plug the other end of the cable to your computer's line-in port. That will take care of the hardware part.
Just match and connect the white and red connectors to your player and plug the other end of the cable to your computer's line-in port. That will take care of the hardware part.
For software, you can use this free program called Audacity to record your music to your computer. Just open Audacity, hit record then press play (or drop the needle) on your analog player to start the real-time transfer.
With Audacity, you can edit, split, trim and even enhance your recordings so it's a must-have program for saving your old format tracks in digital form forever.
Alternatively, some newer cassette and record players have built-in USB outputs that you can connect straight to your computer via a USB cable. For budget options, check out the Reshow USB Cassette Player and the 1byone USB Turntable, both available at Amazon.
Costco, Walmart and Walgreens have photo and slide conversion services. After you've gone through your photos, bring the ones you'd like to digitize to each store's photo center. A sales clerk will go over prices and packages with you. You'll leave your photos there and the store will call you when can come back to pick up a DVD with your images. These three companies also convert VHS tapes to DVDs.
If you'd rather shop at a small business, check out a local company in your city like Precision Camera. They're located in Austin, Texas and they're a sponsor for my show that's broadcasted on KLBJ.
If you're not very mobile then mailing your photos to a service that operates online may be a better option. You can send your photos or slides to services iMemories, ScanMyPhotos and FotoBridge; they mail you a DVD with all of your images and they return the original photos too.
If you prefer do-it-yourself projects and you want to digitize hundreds or even thousands of photos, then this might be your best bet. The Epson FastFoto High-Speed Photo Scanning System can scan thousands of photos at a rate of one photo per second (at 300 dpi), making it the fastest photo scanner in the world. You can even use it to restore old photos, organize your collection, and share the memories on social media. Click here to learn more about the Epson FastFoto Photo scanner.
Speaking of classic gear, how about your old car's stereo system? Give it a new lease on life with these 3 cool ways to welcome it to the modern era of Bluetooth.


text:
Schematic representation of the ABC staining method.
Learn more: IHC Immunodetection
Important features of the Avidin–Biotin Complex (ABC) staining method
Increased enzyme reporter localized to the target antigen Some tissue may require endogenous biotin blocking to avoid nonspecific labeling
Increased detection efficiency The ABC complex is large, which hinders tissue penetration in some applications
Requires less primary antibody than direct methods of detection
Reduced assay time compared to the PAP method
Labeled Streptavidin–Biotin (LSAB) staining method
The Labeled Streptavidin–Biotin (LSAB) staining method employs a streptavidin–enzyme conjugate to detect the bound biotinylated primary antibody on the tissue section and can be used if the avidin–biotin–enzyme complex in the ABC method becomes too large to penetrate the tissue. This smaller complex allows better tissue penetration, has been reported to improve the sensitivity of detection by as much as ~8-fold, and can be used with superior alternatives to avidin to reduce background and improve sensitivity even further. The following information describes the general staining procedure along with a diagram of the formed complex.
The primary and biotinylated secondary antibodies are incubated with the tissue sample as indicated in the ABC method.
Enzyme-conjugated streptavidin or NeutrAvidin is added to the tissue sample and incubated to allow all biotin-binding sites on the enzyme-conjugated protein to be filled.
Schematic representation of the LSAB staining method.
Learn more: IHC Troubleshooting Guide
Hendrickson W (1985) BioTechniques  3:346–354.
Beisker W et al. (1987) Cytometry  8:235–239.
Cowen T et al. (1985) Histochemistry  82:205–208.
Mosiman VL et al. (1997) Cytometry  30:151–156.
Romijn, Herms J et al. (1999) J Histochem Cytochem  47:229–236.


text:
Online lesson platform GSX Techedu plans US IPO
Written by Song Jingli Published on 10 May 2019 1 min read
Unlike many tech firms that have gone public recently, this company is already profitable.
A Chinese company that runs classes with rosters of thousands of students wants to go public in the United States.
Beijing-based GSX Techedu, which was founded in 2014 to provide Chinese primary and secondary students with live-broadcast courses, filed its initiative public offering prospectus with the US Securities and Exchanges Commission on Wednesday.
In the document, GSX Techedu highlighted its curriculum and proprietary live-broadcasting technology that can enables 100,000 students to join a class simultaneously as key advantages.
The prospectus shows that, on average, 980 students were enrolled in each of GSX's courses as of the end of this year's first quarter. That's a significant boost from the average of 440 students during the same period in 2018.
In all, the platform had 211,002 users at the end of March, while maintaining 522 professional tutors and 169 instructors that the company labels as "top-quality". At the end of March 2018, GSX had 70,845 users.
The company is already profitable. It generated RMB 19.7 million (USD 2.9 million) in net revenue in 2018, reversing the previous year's net loss of RMB 87 million.
GSX's net income for the first three months of 2019 reached RMB 33.9 million, compared with a net loss of RMB 3.6 million incurred in the same period in 2018.
Frost & Sullivan expects gross billings in China's online education market to reach RMB 696.3 billion by 2023, according to the prospectus.
GSX's IPO share price—and hence the amount it plans to raise—remains undecided.
Contact the writer at [email protected]


Sparkling Rose Tea – heylee b.
Hand-picked, small-batch tea pairs aromatic loose leaf Black tea with Rose petals and combines pink sugar balls and silver sugar crystals for a unique brewing experience.
Par Avion Sparkling Rose` Tea. Small batch loose leaf tea sourced from organic farms. Features Rose + Black Tea with pink sugar balls and silver sugar crystals.
Loose leaf black tea with Rose petals.


Turnbull campaign off to bad start with dodgy budget ploy.
Scott Morrison and Malcolm Turnbull's cunning plan not to provide costings for their ten year tax giveaway has blown up in their faces. Whatever they may claim about not wishing to "do Shorten's homework for him", their decision to leave costings out of the budget paper is a gross tactical error, a blunder which may well just have handed Labor the election.
Of course, there other possible explanations. Morrison's excuse that he was merely being mean and tricky may just be a cover up. The junk-yard dog ate his homework. Or he may simply been left out of the loop again by a PM who has every reason not to trust a ruthlessly ambitious cabinet member widely believed to have been the Abbott government's best leaker.
Yet the PM must have known. And the fiasco has highlighted the Coalition's predilection for deception. This is a budget of dodgy assumptions and double-dealing.
Take the deceptive way this is billed as Morrison's first budget. It is no such thing. It is the Coalition's third attempt and it is vital to read it in the context of all its prior decisions $13 billion of Family tax, maternity leave and PBS cuts which still remain on the books to boost the budget's bottom line even though they have not been passed by parliament's upper house.
This is the third in a series of failed tests where the self-styled "better economic managers" have already lost the public's confidence and are wasting the nation's time.
Yet Morrison's inattention to detail or his ploy to get Bill may not be such a bad thing.
On the contrary, the Treasurer may have done voters a service in arousing suspicion. The public will come to see that the budget centrepiece of a ten year tax handout for business is based on the entirely erroneous assumption that cutting tax for business owners and the top quarter of wage and salary earners will stimulate the economy. It's a budget based on a lie.
The appearance of John Fraser, Abbott's pick for Secretary to the Treasury at the Senate Estimates Committee on Friday dramatically underscores the element of deception.
Although the Prime Minister had denied that treasury had done any costings of the ten year tax cut to companies, Fraser admits, with excruciating indirection and languid delay, that these amounted to "dollars 46 billion", a bizarrely jargonised admission that, yes, now that you mention it, Senator Wong, Treasury has done the costings and the cost would blow a $50 billion dollar fleet of submarines out of the water, even if they were still at the conceptual stage.
Fraser hangs Turnbull out to dry on the previous day's line that the Treasury had not costed the tax cuts. For all his talk about innovation and agility, the PM is hoist by his own petard. Before voters even get an election date officially declared, we are left dwelling on the government's duplicity; its maladroit strategy of conniving to trick the Labor leader into making a bad guess.
Yet there is an even bigger deception at hand. The budget centrepiece is founded on the fiction that cutting taxes for companies and for the quarter of the workforce who earn more than $80,000 will stimulate economic growth. It won't. Nor will it do to lie about how many of us earn $80,000.
(Astonishingly the top 25% become 'average wage-earners' in the PM's radio interviews or "middle income earners". The Australia Institute calculates, however that counting all wage-earners, it may be as few as 18%.) The electorate that will do best out of this budget's income tax cuts is the PM's own of Wentworth or net worth as it is has so aptly dubbed. Ordinary Australians are left out in the cold.
Central to the budget's calculations is that notion that making the rich richer makes all Australians prosper. To this false assumption it adds investment and jobs. Given its record so far, however, these are the last claims this government should be making.
Tax attack dog Morrison whose false accusations that Save the Children workers were coaching refugees to self-harm on Nauru two years ago have resurfaced in a compensation settlement this week has another equally implausible slogan that can only once again draw attention to his government's lack of achievement.
Morrison chooses to campaign on jobs, investment and growth. Yet after nearly three years, growth is forecast to be well below par at 2.5% for the next two years rising then to a minimal 3%. Unemployment is at least 5.5%. Business investment will be flat-lining at zero growth in 2017-2018.
Job figures, of course, can be fudged in many ways, including absorbing punters into internships, but the growth boast beggars belief at a time when the Reserve Bank is cutting interest rates because growth is feebly declining and inflation is plummeting. As with climate change, marriage equality or safe schools the Coalition is well and truly in denial.
Denial is the bedrock of the Coalition's latest budget attempt. At massive expense to ordinary tax payers, the Abbott-Turnbull government's main budget strategy is based entirely on the superstition that wealth will trickle down, or that cutting company tax will boost productivity, a notion which is now so well-disproved that even economist Arthur Laffer, its guru, no longer believes his own theory.
Putting aside its need to please the self-interested urgings of the Business Council of Australia, the IPA and others for a moment, company tax cuts are completely counterproductive, illogical and damaging to economic recovery.
Company tax cuts do not cause economic growth. Even Treasury can tell the government this. Cutting company tax has never stimulated any economy – not in Australia or anywhere else. Nor will cuts cause prosperity for all in the future.
When Treasury modelled a one per cent cut in 2014, the benefits flowed in the short to medium term solely to the business or company.
Companies simply pocket the difference in higher profits. Some of these profits do ultimately return to the economy as dividends. Multinational corporations, however, including the Coalition's newest chum, submarine builder DCNS can just take the money off shore.
In the long run, cutting company income tax leads to a tiny increase to GDP of 0.15-0.2% – if and when an increased influx of foreign capital rushes to fund projects that wouldn't be viable under the higher tax rate.
Treasury finds no case for company tax cuts. Yet not only is the Coalition prepared to risk an estimated $60 billion to defy its own Treasury modelling and ignore the lessons of history it is prepared to defy the laws of economics while cutting government spending to "live within our means".
Turnbull is prepared to throw public money away in a bizarre gamble against the odds. Renowned economists. Joseph Stiglitz and Paul Krugman, have argued repeatedly that cutting spending while the economy is slowing results in increased unemployment. Yet they are mere Nobel laureates. What would they know?
Both argue that reducing inequality not to increasing it will boost productivity. And both point to the key role of education.
What these experts would tell the government is that education is the key. Economists the world over hold that the best way to increase productivity, labour-force participation and GDP growth is to invest in education. Yet the Coalition's 2016 budget cuts Gonski funding by a quarter. New strings are attached.
Morrison's budget does not replace the cuts made by Abbott Joe Hockey to schools and in tertiary education. It even adds a big new cut. Despite backing down on university fee deregulation, the Turnbull government wants to cut university funding by $1.5 billion. Vice Chancellors will have every reason to feel betrayed.
So, too will teachers feel betrayed to discover that only $1.2 million or a quarter of full Gonski funding for schools survives in this budget. Hollow if not hypocritical is Morrison's boast in the budget preamble of making provision for future generations.
In brief, the government is prepared to defy all evidence, abandon all pretence at fairness, even do a bit of cheating with its figures in order to satisfy its appetite for the trickle-down theory.
Another explanation is that the Coalition is hell-bent on appeasing its powerful business backers and the majority of Australians can just go hang. 2 July will see what ordinary Australians make of that assumption.
May I please republish your latest with appropriate attribution and link at The Pub?
Sometime tomorrow, then – marking the latest batch of assignments has priority, but republishing your excellent commentary will be a reward.
Wonderful piece Urban, I particularly liked where you said they "are wasting the nation's time." What a waste of three years this has been. First the Abbott disaster and now the ineffective but pompous and waffling Turnbull. Why would we elect them back in again? What would be the point? Or are we a nation of masochists. Do we really want another three years of nothing with Malcolm or would he be rolled quite quickly and Morriscum installed. It's hard to get rid of Conservatives when they are in government they know how to prompt and use the Fear/Greed response in us really well.
« Morrison's dangerous, deluded dud budget a dead giveaway.