text:
Charles Scott Sherrington
Title: Charles Scott Sherrington
Subject: John Eccles (neurophysiologist), Edgar Adrian, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Frederick Gowland Hopkins, List of presidents of the Royal Society
Collection: 1857 Births, 1952 Deaths, Academics of King's College London, Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, British Neuroscientists, British Nobel Laureates, English Nobel Laureates, English Pathologists, Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford, Fellows of the Royal Society, Fullerian Professors of Physiology, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Members of the Order of Merit, Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine, People Educated at Ipswich School, Presidents of the Royal Society, Recipients of the Copley Medal, Royal Medal Winners, Statutory Professors of the University of Oxford, Waynflete Professors of Physiology
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington
Islington, Middlesex, England
4 March 1952(1952-03-04) (aged 94)
Eastbourne, Sussex, England
Ipswich School
Michael Foster
John Newport Langley
John Farquhar Fulton
John Carew Eccles
Alfred Fröhlich[1]
Johannes Müller
Thomas Ashe
W. H. Gaskell
David Ferrier
Rudolf Virchow
Sir John Eccles[2][3]
Ragnar Granit
Howard Florey
E.M. Tansey[4]
Archibald Hill[5]
Wilder Penfield[6]
Notable awards
FRS (1893)[7]
Royal Medal (1905)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1932)
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, [11][12] Through his seminal 1906 publication, The Integrative Action of the Nervous System,[13] he had effectively laid to rest the theory that the nervous system, including the brain, can be understood as a single interlinking network. His alternative explanation of synaptic communication between neurons helped shape our understanding of the central nervous system.
Early years and education 1.1
Seventh International Medical Congress 1.1.1
Travel 1.1.2
Employment 1.2
Liverpool 1.2.1
Oxford 1.2.2
Retirement 1.3
Personal life 1.4
Noted publications 2
Honours and awards 3
Eponyms 3.1
Charles Scott Sherrington was born in
Use British English from May 2012
Pages with DOIs inactive since 2015
Academics of King's College London
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
British neuroscientists
British Nobel laureates
Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
Fullerian Professors of Physiology
Members of the Order of Merit
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
People educated at Ipswich School
English pathologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Royal Society
Royal Medal winners
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Waynflete Professors of Physiology
English Nobel laureates
Sir William Huggins (1900)
Lord Rayleigh (1905)
Sir Archibald Geikie (1908)
Sir William Crookes (1913)
Sir Joseph John Thomson (1915)
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1920)
Sir Ernest Rutherford (1925)
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1930)
Sir William Henry Bragg (1935)
Sir Henry Hallett Dale (1940)
Sir Robert Robinson (1945)
Edgar Adrian (1950)
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1955)
Sir Howard Florey (1960)
Lord Blackett (1965)
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1970)
Lord Todd (1975)
Sir Andrew Huxley (1980)
Sir George Porter (1985)
Sir Michael Atiyah (1990)
Sir Aaron Klug (1995)
Lord May of Oxford (2000)
Lord Rees of Ludlow (2005)
Sir Paul Nurse (2010)
Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1901 Emil Behring
1902 Ronald Ross
1903 Niels Finsen
1904 Ivan Pavlov
1905 Robert Koch
1906 Camillo Golgi / Santiago Ramón y Cajal
1907 Alphonse Laveran
1908 Élie Metchnikoff / Paul Ehrlich
1909 Emil Kocher
1910 Albrecht Kossel
1911 Allvar Gullstrand
1912 Alexis Carrel
1913 Charles Richet
1914 Róbert Bárány
1919 Jules Bordet
1920 August Krogh
1922 Archibald Hill / Otto Meyerhof
1923 Frederick Banting / John Macleod
1924 Willem Einthoven
1926 Johannes Fibiger
1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg
1928 Charles Nicolle
1929 Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1930 Karl Landsteiner
1931 Otto Warburg
1932 Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Adrian
1933 Thomas Morgan
1934 William Murphy
1935 Hans Spemann
1936 Henry Dale / Otto Loewi
1937 Albert Szent-Györgyi
1938 Corneille Heymans
1939 Gerhard Domagk
1943 Henrik Dam / Edward Doisy
1944 Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Gasser
1945 Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey
1946 Hermann Muller
1947 Carl Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay
1948 Paul Müller
1949 Walter Hess / António Egas Moniz
1950 Edward Kendall / Tadeusz Reichstein / Philip Hench
1951 Max Theiler
1952 Selman Waksman
1953 Hans Krebs / Fritz Lipmann
1954 John Enders / Thomas Weller / Frederick Robbins
1955 Hugo Theorell
1956 André Cournand / Werner Forssmann / Dickinson W. Richards
1957 Daniel Bovet
1958 Edward Tatum / Joshua Lederberg
1959 Severo Ochoa / Arthur Kornberg
1960 Frank Burnet / Peter Medawar
1961 Georg von Békésy
1962 Francis Crick / James Watson / Maurice Wilkins
1963 John Eccles / Alan Hodgkin / Andrew Huxley
1964 Konrad Bloch / Feodor Lynen
1965 François Jacob / André Lwoff / Jacques Monod
1966 Francis Rous / Charles B. Huggins
1967 George Wald
1968 Robert W. Holley / Har Khorana / Marshall Nirenberg
1969 Max Delbrück / Alfred Hershey / Salvador Luria
1970 Bernard Katz / Ulf von Euler / Julius Axelrod
1971 Earl Sutherland, Jr.
1972 Gerald Edelman / Rodney Porter
1973 Karl von Frisch / Konrad Lorenz / Nikolaas Tinbergen
1974 George Palade
1975 David Baltimore / Renato Dulbecco / Howard Temin
1976 Baruch Blumberg / Daniel Gajdusek
1977 Roger Guillemin / Andrew Schally / Rosalyn Yalow
1978 Werner Arber / Daniel Nathans / Hamilton O. Smith
1979 Allan Cormack / Godfrey Hounsfield
1980 George Snell
1981 Roger Sperry / David H. Hubel / Torsten Wiesel
1982 Sune Bergström / Bengt I. Samuelsson / John Vane
1983 Barbara McClintock
1984 César Milstein
1985 Michael Brown / Joseph L. Goldstein
1986 Stanley Cohen / Rita Levi-Montalcini
1987 Susumu Tonegawa
1988 George H. Hitchings
1989 J. Michael Bishop / Harold E. Varmus
1990 Joseph Murray / E. Donnall Thomas
1991 Erwin Neher / Bert Sakmann
1992 Edmond Fischer / Edwin G. Krebs
1993 Richard J. Roberts / Phillip Sharp
1994 Alfred G. Gilman / Martin Rodbell
1995 Edward B. Lewis / Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard / Eric F. Wieschaus
1996 Peter C. Doherty / Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1997 Stanley B. Prusiner
1998 Robert F. Furchgott / Louis Ignarro / Ferid Murad
1999 Günter Blobel
2000 Arvid Carlsson / Paul Greengard / Eric Kandel
2001 Leland H. Hartwell / Tim Hunt / Paul Nurse
2002 Sydney Brenner / H. Robert Horvitz / John E. Sulston
2003 Paul Lauterbur / Peter Mansfield
2004 Richard Axel / Linda B. Buck
2005 Barry Marshall / Robin Warren
2006 Andrew Fire / Craig Mello
2007 Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies
2008 Harald zur Hausen / Luc Montagnier / Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
2009 Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak
2010 Robert G. Edwards
2011 Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (posthumously)
2012 John B. Gurdon / Shinya Yamanaka
2013 James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas C. Südhof
2014 John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser
2015 William C. Campbell / Satoshi Ōmura / Tu Youyou
Copley Medallists of 1901–1950
Josiah Willard Gibbs (1901)
Joseph Lister (1902)
Eduard Suess (1903)
William Crookes (1904)
Dmitri Mendeleev (1905)
Élie Metchnikoff (1906)
Albert A. Michelson (1907)
Alfred Russel Wallace (1908)
George William Hill (1909)
Francis Galton (1910)
George Darwin (1911)
Felix Klein (1912)
Ray Lankester (1913)
J. J. Thomson (1914)
Ivan Pavlov (1915)
James Dewar (1916)
Pierre Paul Émile Roux (1917)
Hendrik Lorentz (1918)
William Bayliss (1919)
Horace Tabberer Brown (1920)
Joseph Larmor (1921)
Ernest Rutherford (1922)
Horace Lamb (1923)
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer (1924)
Albert Einstein (1925)
Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1926)
Charles Scott Sherrington (1927)
Charles Algernon Parsons (1928)
Max Planck (1929)
William Henry Bragg (1930)
Arthur Schuster (1931)
George Ellery Hale (1932)
Theobald Smith (1933)
John Scott Haldane (1934)
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1935)
Arthur Evans (1936)
Henry Hallett Dale (1937)
Niels Bohr (1938)
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1939)
Paul Langevin (1940)
Thomas Lewis (1941)
Robert Robinson (1942)
Joseph Barcroft (1943)
Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (1944)
Oswald Avery (1945)
Edgar Douglas Adrian (1946)
G. H. Hardy (1947)
Archibald Hill (1948)
George de Hevesy (1949)
James Chadwick (1950)
Karl Grandin, ed. (1932). "Sir Charles Sherrington Biography". Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Gibson, W.C. (2001). Twentieth Century Neurology, The British Contribution – first chapter (PDF). Imperial College Press.
"Sir Charles Sherrington's Histology Demonstration Slides". History of Medical Sciences. University of Oxford. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
^ Neurotree profile: Charles Scott Sherrington
^ Eccles, J. (1968). "Two Hitherto Unrecognized Publications by Sir Charles Sherrington, O.M., F.R.S". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 23: 86–26.
^ Eccles, J. C. (1957). "Some Aspects of Sherrington's Contribution to Neurophysiology". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 12 (2): 216.
^ Tansey, E. M. (2008). "Working with C. S. Sherrington, 1918-24". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 62 (1): 123–130.
^ Hill, A. V. (1975). "Jewels in My Acquaintance with C. S. Sherrington, F.R.S". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 30 (1): 65–68.
^ Todman, D. (2008). "Wilder Penfield (1891–1976)". Journal of Neurology 255 (7): 1104–1105.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Liddell, E. G. T. (1952). "Charles Scott Sherrington. 1857-1952".
^ Sherrington, C. E. (1975). "Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952)". Notes and records of the Royal Society of London 30 (1): 45–63.
^ a b c Pearce, J. M. (2004). "Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952) and the synapse". Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 75 (4): 544.
^ Penfield, W. (1962). "Sir Charles Sherrington, O.M., F.R.S. (1857-1952): An Appreciation". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 17 (2): 163.
^ Sir Charles Sherrington – Nobel Lecture: Inhibition as a Coordinative Factor".""". Retrieved 31 July 2012.
^ "Sir Charles Scott Sherrington". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
^ a b Sherrington, Charles Scott (1906). The integrative action of the nervous system (1st ed.). Oxford University Press: H. Milford. pp. xvi, 411 p., [19] leaves of plates.
^ a b c d e f g h Kusurkar, R. A. (2004). "Sir Charles Sherrington (1857 - 1952)". Journal of postgraduate medicine 50 (3): 238–239.
^ GRO index: 1848 Dec, Yarmouth 13, 258
^ Will of James Norton Sherrington, proved at London 5 March 1849, National Archives Catalogue Reference:Prob 11/2090, image 171
^ Baptisms solemnized in the Parish of St James Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex in the Year 1863, p. 558, nos 5826, 5827 & 5828 (on line at ancestry.co.uk)
^ Anon (1895). "Obituary: Mr. Caleb Rose". BMJ 2 (1820): 1266–1262.
^ GRO index: 1880 Dec, Ipswich 4a, 1377
^ Death certificate: 1880 Deaths in the District of St George in the City of Edinburgh, page 362, no. 1086
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Eccles, J.; Gibson, W. (1979). Sherrington: His Life and Thought. Berlin; New York: Springer International. pp. 1–6, 15, 24–25.
^ a b Karl Grandin, ed. (1932). "Sir Charles Sherrington Biography". Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
^ Granit, R. (1967). Charles Scott Sherrington: An Appraisal. Garden City, NY: Double Day & Company. p. 3.
^ "Sherrington, Charles Scott (SHRN879CS)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ University of Cambridge Calendar, 1894-95, p. 330
^ a b "Sir Charles Scott Sherrington". Who Named It?. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
^ a b c Gibson, W.C. (2001). "Chapter 1: Sir Charles Sherrington, O.M., P.R.S. (1857–1952)" (PDF). Twentieth Century Neurology: The British Contribution. London: Imperial College Press. pp. 4–6.
^ Molnar, Zoltan; Brown, Richard (June 2010). "Insights into the life and work of Sir Charles Sherrington". Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11: 429–436.
^ Ipswich Museum Records.
^ a b Burke, RE (April 2007). "Sir Charles Sherrington's the integrative action of the nervous system: a centenary appreciation". Brain 130 (Pt 4): 887–94.
^ Charles Scott Sherrington R. Scott Spurlock, University of Edinburgh
^ Man on his Nature, Sherrington
^ Sherrington's Presidential Address to the British Association Meeting, held at Hull in 1922
Vulpian-Heidenhain-Sherrington phenomenon
Associated with Rudolf Peter Heinrich Heidenhain, Edmé Félix Alfred Vulpian, and Charles Scott Sherrington. Describes the slow contraction of denervated skeletal muscle by stimulating autonomic cholinergic fibres innervating its blood vessels.
Sherrington's Second Law
The law of reciprocal innervation. When contraction of a muscle is stimulated, there is a simultaneous inhibition of its antagonist. It is essential for coordinated movement.
Sherrington's First Law
Every posterior spinal nerve root supplies a particular area of the skin, with a certain overlap of adjacent dermatomes.
Schiff-Sherrington reflex
Associated with Moritz Schiff and Charles Scott Sherrington, describes a grave sign in animals: rigid extension of the forelimbs after damage to the spine. It may be accompanied by paradoxical respiration – the intercostal muscles are paralysed and the chest is drawn passively in and out by the diaphragm.
Liddell-Sherrington reflex
Associated with Edward George Tandy Liddell and Charles Scott Sherrington, the Liddell-Sherrington reflex is the tonic contraction of muscle in response to its being stretched. When a muscle lengthens beyond a certain point, the myotatic reflex causes it to tighten and attempt to shorten. This is the tension you feel during stretching exercises.
At the time of his death Sherrington received honoris causa Doctors from twenty-two universities: Oxford, Paris, Manchester, Strasbourg, Louvain, Uppsala, Lyon, Budapest, Athens, London, Toronto, Harvard, Dublin, Edinburgh, Montreal, Liverpool, Brussels, Sheffield, Bern, Birmingham, Glasgow, and the University of Wales.[7]
1899 Baly Gold Medal of the Royal College of Physicians of London [21]
1905 Royal Medal of the Royal Society of London
1922 Knight Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
1922 President of the British Association for the year 1922–1923[33]
1924 Order of Merit
1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
Sherrington was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1893.[7]
Stained glass window in the dining hall of Gonville and Caius College, in Cambridge (UK), commemorating Charles Scott Sherrington
Mammalian Physiology
a Course of Practical Exercises: The textbook was released in 1919 at the first possible moment after Sherrington's coming to Oxford and the end of the War.[7]
The Assaying of Brabantius and other Verse
A collection of previously published war-time poems. This was Sherrington's first major poetic release. The Assaying was published in 1925. Sherrington's poetic side was inspired by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Sherrington was fond of Goethe the poet, but not Goethe the scientist. Speaking of Goethe's scientific writings, Sherrington said "to appraise them is not a congenial task."[7]
Man on His Nature
A reflection of Sherrington's philosophical thought. Sherrington had long studied the 16th century French physician Jean Fernel, and grew so familiar with him that he considered him a friend. In the years of 1937 and 1938, Sherrington delivered the Gifford lectures at the University of Edinburgh; these focused on Fernel and his times, and came to form the principal content of Man on His Nature. The book was released in 1940, and a revised edition came out in 1951. It explores philosophical thoughts about the mind, the human existence, and God, in connection with natural theology.[31] Chapters of the book align with the twelve zodiac signs.[32]
The Integrative Action of the Nervous System
Published in 1906,[13] this was a compendium of ten of Sherrington's [9]). The work was dedicated to Ferrier.[14]
Noted publications
On 27 August 1891, Sherrington married Ethel Mary Wright (d.1933). Wright was the daughter of John Ely Wright of Preston Manor, Suffolk, England. Sherrington and Wright had one child, a son named Carr E.R. Sherrington who was born in 1897.[14] Wright was both loyal and lively. She was a great host. On weekends during the Oxford years the couple would frequently host a large group of friends and acquaintances at their house for an enjoyable afternoon.[7]
Sherrington's mental faculties were crystal clear up to the time of his sudden death, which was caused by a sudden heart failure at age 94. His bodily health, however, did suffer in old age. Arthritis was a major burden of his.[14] Speaking of his condition, Sherrington said "old age isn't pleasant[,] one can't do things for oneself."[7] The arthritis put Sherrington in a nursing home in the year before his death, in 1951.[27]
Charles Sherrington retired from Oxford in the year of 1936.[7] He then moved to his boyhood town of Ipswich, where he built a house.[14] There, he kept up a large correspondence with pupils and others from around the world. He also continued to work on his poetic, historical, and philosophical interests.[27] From 1944 until his own death he was President of the Ipswich Museum, on the committee of which he had previously served.[29]
In March 1916, Sherrington fought for women to be admitted to the medical school at Oxford.
Sherrington's teachings at Oxford were interrupted by World War I. When the war started, it left his classes with only nine students. During the war, he laboured at a shell factory to support the war and to study fatigue in general, but specifically industrial fatigue. His weekday work hours were from 07:30 a.m to 8:30 p.m.; and 7:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on the weekends.[21]
While at Oxford, Sherrington kept hundreds of microscope slides in a specially constructed box labelled "Sir Charles Sherrington's Histology Demonstration Slides". As well as histology demonstration slides, the box contains slides which may be related to original breakthroughs such as cortical localization in the brain; slides from contemporaries such as Angelo Ruffini and Gustav Fritsch; and slides from colleagues at Oxford such as John Burdon-Sanderson – the first Waynflete Chair of Physiology – and Derek Denny-Brown, who worked with Sherrington at Oxford (1924–1928)).[28]
Box of microscope slides carrying the plaque:"Sir Charles Sherrington's Histology Demonstration Slides: St Thomas's Hospital: 1886–1895; Liverpool University: 1895–1915; Oxford University: 1914–1935"
"after some hundreds of years of experience we think that we have learned here in Oxford how
to teach what is known. But now with the undeniable upsurge of scientific research, we cannot
continue to rely on the mere fact that we have learned how to teach what is known. We must learn
to teach the best attitude to what is not yet known. This also may take centuries to acquire but we
cannot escape this new challenge, nor do we want to."[21]
Sherrington's philosophy as a teacher can be seen in his response to the question of what was the real function of Oxford University in the world. Sherrington said:
As early as 1895, Sherrington had tried to gain employment at Oxford University. By 1913, the wait was over. Oxford offered Sherrington the Waynflete Chair of Physiology.[7] The electors to that chair unanimously recommended Sherrington without considering any other candidates.[21] Sherrington enjoyed the honor of teaching many bright students at Oxford, including Wilder Penfield, who he introduced to the study of the brain. Several of his students were Rhodes' scholars and three went on to be Nobel laureates. The three were Sir John Eccles, Ragnar Granit, and Howard Florey.[27] Sherrington also influenced American pioneer brain surgeon Harvey Williams Cushing.
Sherrington showed that muscle excitation was inversely proportional to the inhibition of an opposing group of muscles. Speaking of the excitation-inhibition relationship, Sherrington said "desistence from action may be as truly active as is the taking of action." Sherrington continued his work on reciprocal innervation during his years at Liverpool. Come 1913, Sherrington was able to say that "the process of excitation and inhibition may be viewed as polar opposites [...] the one is able to neutralize the other." Sherrington's work on reciprocal innervation was a notable contribution to the knowledge of the spinal cord.[7]
Sherrington's first job of full-professorship came with his appointment as Holt Professor of Physiology at Liverpool in 1895, succeeding Francis Gotch.[21] With his appointment to the Holt Chair, Sherrington ended his active work in pathology.[7] Working on cats, dogs, monkeys, and apes that had been bereaved of their cerebral hemispheres, he found that reflexes must be considered integrated activities of the total organism, not just the result of activities of the so-called reflex-arcs, a concept then generally accepted.[26] There he continued his work on reflexes and reciprocal innervation. His papers on the subject were synthesized into the Croonian lecture of 1897.
In 1891, Sherrington was appointed as superintendent of the Brown Institute for Advanced Physiological and Pathological Research of the University of London, a center for human and animal physiological and pathological research.[21][22] Sherrington succeeded Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley.[26] There, Sherrington worked on segmental distribution of the spinal dorsal and ventral roots, he mapped the sensory dermatomes, and in 1892 discovered that muscle spindles initiated the stretch reflex. The institute allowed Sherrington to study many animals, both small and large. The Brown Institute had enough space to work with large primates such as apes.
C.S. Roy and Charles Scott Sherrington (right), at the door of the Old Pathological Laboratory, Cambridge, 1893
In 1886, Sherrington went to Italy to again investigate a cholera outbreak. While in Italy, Sherrington spent much time in art galleries. It was in this country that Sherrington's love for rare books became an addiction.[21]
Later that year Sherrington traveled to Rudolf Virchow in Berlin to inspect the cholera specimens he procured in Spain. Virchow later on sent Sherrington to Robert Koch for a six weeks' course in technique. Sherrington ended up staying with Koch for a year to do research in bacteriology. Under these two, Sherrington parted with a good foundation in physiology, morphology, histology, and pathology.[14] During this period he may have also studied with Waldeyer and Zuntz.
It should be mentioned that Sherrington did not meet Santiago Ramón y Cajal on this trip. While Sherrington and his group remained in Toledo, Cajal was hundreds of miles away in Zaragoza.[21]
A case of asiatic cholera had broken out in Spain in 1885. A Spanish physician claimed to have produced a vaccine to fight the outbreak. Under the auspices of Cambridge University, the Royal Society of London, and the Association for Research in Medicine, a group was put together to travel to Spain to investigate. C.S. Roy, J. Graham Brown, and Sherrington formed the group. Roy was Sherrington's friend and the newly elected professor of pathology at Cambridge. As the three traveled to Toledo, Sherrington was skeptical of the Spanish physician.[21] Upon returning, the three presented a report to the Royal Society. The report discredited the Spaniard's claim.
In the Winter of 1884–1885, Sherrington left England for Strasbourg. There, he worked with Goltz. Goltz, like many others, positively influenced Sherrington. Sherrington later said of Goltz that: "[h]e taught one that in all things only the best is good enough."[7]
A committee, including Langley, was made up to investigate. Both the dog and the monkey were chloroformed. The right hemisphere of the dog was delivered to Cambridge for examination. Sherrington performed a histological examination of the hemisphere, acting as a junior colleague to Langley. In 1884, Langley and Sherrington reported on their findings in a paper. The paper was the first for Sherrington.[7]
The conference was held in London in 1881. It was at this conference that Sherrington began his work in neurological research. At the conference controversy broke out. Friedrich Goltz of Strasbourg argued that localized function in the cortex did not exist. Goltz came to this conclusion after observing dogs who had parts of their brains removed. David Ferrier, who became a hero of Sherrington's, disagreed. Ferrier maintained that there was localization of function in the brain. Ferrier's strongest evidence was a monkey who suffered from hemiplegia, paralysis affecting one side of the body only, after a cerebral lesion.
Seventh International Medical Congress
Sherrington earned his Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons on 4 August 1884. In 1885, he obtained a First Class in the Natural Science Tripos with the mark of distinction. In the same year, Sherrington earned the degree of M.B., Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery from Cambridge. In 1886, Sherrington added the title of L.R.C.P., Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians.[7]
In October 1879, Sherrington entered Cambridge as a non-collegiate student.[24] The following year he entered Gonville and Caius College. Sherrington was quite the student. In June 1881 he took Part I in the Natural Sciences Tripos and was awarded a starred First in physiology; there were 9 candidates in all (8 men, 1 woman), of whom five gained Firsts; in June 1883 in Part II of the Tripos he also gained a First, alongside William Bateson.[25] Walter Holbrook Gaskell, one of Sherrington's tutors, informed him in November 1881 that he had earned the highest marks for his year in botany, human anatomy, and physiology; second in zoology; and highest overall.[21] John Newport Langley was Sherrington's other tutor. The two were interested in how anatomical structure is expressed in physiological function.[14]
Sherrington played football for his grammar school, and for Ipswich Town Football Club, rugby St. Thomas's, was on the rowing team at Oxford.[21][23] During June 1875, Sherrington passed his preliminary examination in general education at the Royal College. This preliminary exam was required for Fellowship, and also exempted him from a similar exam for the Membership. In April 1878, he passed his Primary Examination for the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons, and 12 months later the Primary for Fellowship.
Rose had pushed Sherrington towards medicine. Sherrington first began to study with the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He also sought to study at Cambridge, but a bank failure had devastated the family's finances. Sherrington elected to enroll at St Thomas' Hospital in September 1876 as a "perpetual pupil".[7] He did so in order to allow his two younger brothers to do so ahead of him. The two studied law there. Medical studies at St. Thomas's Hospital were intertwined with studies at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.[21] Physiology was Sherrington's chosen major at Cambridge. There, he studied under the "father of British physiology," Sir Michael Foster.[14]
Sherrington entered Ipswich School in 1871.[7] Thomas Ashe, a famous English poet, worked at the school. Ashe served as an inspiration to Sherrington, the former instilling a love of classics and a desire to travel in the latter.
Caleb Rose was noteworthy as both a classical scholar and an archaeologist. At the family's Edgehill House in Ipswich one could find a fine selection of paintings, books, and geological specimens.[7][21] Through Rose's interest in the English artists of the Norwich School, Sherrington gained a love of art.[22] Intellectuals frequented the house regularly. It was this environment that fostered Sherrington's academic sense of wonder. Even before matriculation, the young Sherrington had read Johannes Müller's Elements of Physiology. The book was given to him by Caleb Rose.
[20] following the death of Caleb's first wife, Isabella, in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 1 October 1880.[19] and appeared in the census there in 1871, but Caleb and Anne were not actually married until the last quarter of 1880,[18], who was also described as a boarder. During the 1860s the whole family moved to Anglesea Road, Ipswich, reputedly because London exacerbated Caleb Rose's tendency to asthma,Edward Rose No father's name is supplied, and their mother's address is given as 14 College Terrace, Islington. In the 1861 census the occupants of this house were listed as Anne Sherrington (widow), Charles Scott (boarder, 4, born India), William Stainton (boarder, 2, born Liverpool), Caleb Rose (visitor, married, surgeon) and his 11-year-old son [17] The births of the three Sherrington boys do not appear to have been officially registered. They were all baptised on 17 July 1863 in the parish church of St James, Clerkenwell.[16][15]
United Kingdom, Angles, Cornwall, Isle of Man, English language
Medicine, Cancer, Immunology, Disease, Anatomical pathology
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Medicine, Nobel Prize, United States, Dna, Chromosome
London, Germany, Paris, United Kingdom, Amsterdam
John Eccles (neurophysiologist)
Neuroscience, Karl Popper, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Switzerland, Australian National University
Edgar Adrian
Trinity College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, United Kingdom, World War I
Frederick Gowland Hopkins
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Sussex, England, Biochemistry, King's College London
List of presidents of the Royal Society
Isaac Newton, Royal Society, Astronomy, James Burrow, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin


text:
<?php
require_once( "../xajax_core/xajax.inc.php" );

function test2ndFunction( $formData, &$objResponse )
{
    $objResponse->alert( "formData: " . print_r( $formData, true ) );
    $objResponse->assign( "submittedDiv", "innerHTML", nl2br( print_r( $formData, true ) ) );
    return $objResponse;
}

function onInvalidRequest( )
{
    $objArgumentManager=&xajaxArgumentManager::getInstance();
    $aArgs=$objArgumentManager->process();

    $objResponse=new xajaxResponse();
    $objResponse->alert( "This is from the invalid request handler" );
    return test2ndFunction( $aArgs[0], $objResponse );
}

function testForm( $formData )
{
    $objResponse=new xajaxResponse();
    $objResponse->alert( "This is from the regular function" );
    return test2ndFunction( $formData, $objResponse );
}

$xajax=new xajax();
$xajax->configure( 'javascript URI', '../' );
$xajax->setFlag( "errorHandler", true );
$xajax->registerEvent( XAJAX_PROCESSING_EVENT_INVALID, "onInvalidRequest" );

if ( isset( $_GET['registerFunction'] ) )
    if ( 1 == $_GET['registerFunction'] )
        $xajax->registerFunction( "testForm" );
$xajax->processRequest();
?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml1-20000126/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

        <title>onMissingFunction Event (used to be catch-all) Function Test | xajax Tests</title>

        <?php $xajax->printJavascript() ?>

xajax Tests

invalidRequest Event Handler

        <form id = "testForm1" onsubmit = "return false;">

                <input type = "text" id = "textBox1" name = "textBox1" value = "This is some text" />

                <input type = "submit"
                    value = "Submit Normal"
                    onclick = "xajax.call('testForm', { parameters: [xajax.getFormValues('testForm1')] }); return false;" />

        </form>

        <?php
        if ( isset( $_GET['registerFunction'] ) && 1 == $_GET['registerFunction'] )
        {
        ?>

            Disable Normal Handler

        <?php
        }
        else
        {
        ?>

            Enable Normal Handler

        <?php
        }
        ?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On every boot, as soon as I login and compiz tries to start, the above message shows up in dmesg.
There is a new version of DMC available for KBL.
when disabled by driver causing data corruption.
v2: Remove pull request from commit message (Rodrigo).
Same happens with 1.04. Attaching dmesg, /sys/class/drm/card0/error.
Also, echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/i915_wedged doesn't seem to have any effect, it's still unable to reset the GPU.
Hi, could you attach dmesg with debug info, drm.debug=0xe parameter in grub. Thanks.
Here's the dmesg with debug.
Jani, yes, this is still valid - there doesn't seem to have been a new release of anything related to this, and the bug persists (my GPU is hung and I still use some very slow driver/access to my video card).
The stuff I'm currently running is 4.15.0 with the path for the 1.04 firmware. Is there any new work in the drm-tip, and how do I fetch that?
You can get drm-tip from: https://cgit.freedesktop.org/drm-tip.
> You can get drm-tip from: https://cgit.freedesktop.org/drm-tip.
Attached are the dmesg (with debug enabled) and the error from the card with drm-tip. The issue persists.
Mika, Chris, any advice here?
gpu is dormant on a previous requests tail.
Please retest with fetching a up-to-date drm-tip from https://cgit.freedesktop.org/drm-tip and prevent driver from loading a dmc firmware by moving dmc firmware binaries out from /lib/firmware/i915.
Retested with the latest drm-tip, the issue looks the same.
Is there anything else besides the dmesg and /sys/class/drm/card0/error I can help with? I can see to provide access to the laptop in question.
Just a note, I've been using the latest drm-tip (updating it around once a month) and the issue doesn't get any different. Any pointers where I should look?
Rebuilding at the moment. Should I have the DMC firmware loaded or not?
Should not matter as the command line takes care of it.
I've attached the new ones. Currently I see a difference - before glxinfo was just saying i/o error, now it has proper output.
Not much has changed. The gpu has not even picked up the work item given for it by Xorg to execution.
I've attached updated dmesg and error with all the debug options enabled in the kernel and the new parameters.
After boot, when the display manager starts, it takes some time to start reacting to anything else than cursor moves, and I can't even switch to the text console. After a while it starts working, but anything GPU related either crashes or blocks (for example, I'm running chromium with --disable-gpu). Compiz was refusing to work, and glxinfo was saying "i/o error".
Now glxinfo shows a normal result, but in any case anything GPU-related blocks, otherwise I'm able to (somewhat slowly) use X.
Mika, any updates on this issue?
Vasil, can you boot the machine without gui (adding '3' to kernel cmdline), and then run some gem tests from intel-gpu-tools?
Basically to see if tests will also encounter nonresponsive gpu right from the start.
I've been a bit swamped in the last few days, but I'll rebuild with the latest drm-tip tonight and will run these tests.
The generated results are in results/, in res/ there's the output of the three tests and a dmesg file from since the second one (had to reboot after the third one, then ran the barrage).
I seem to be unable to turn off the frame buffer, can it be the reason for the issue?
Does disable_display mean that I should do this over ssh?
Yes, you need to do it through ssh.
if you run the whole fastfeedback testlist.
Mika, did the logs reveal anything?
Only that everytime the GPU goes to sleep it doesn't wake up until a reset is issued. Still strongly suggesting the dmc.
FWIW, I did some more tests with drm-tim 3ac901085a9fae8699716ac44579dab1dec546c3 and the latest BIOS for this MB. The problem persists, but there's something strange, this time mpv -vo opengl blocks for 10-14 seconds and then starts showing the video. Running glxgears doesn't show the gears, just reports FPS.


text:
Dr. Ron's Research Review – August 10, 2011
This week's research review focuses on new articles on zinc for the common cold.
A recent Cochrane Review found that zinc administered within 24 hours of onset of symptoms reduces the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people. When supplemented for at least five months, it reduces cold incidence, school absenteeism and prescription of antibiotics in children. (Singh and Das 2011)
There is potential for zinc lozenges to produce side effects. Overall adverse events (OR 1.59; 95% CI 0.97 to 2.58) (P = 0.06), bad taste (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.91 to 3.64) (P < 0.00001) and nausea (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.44 to 3.23) (P = 0.002) were higher in the zinc group. (Singh and Das 2011)
Zinc lozenges, however, are more likely to produce side effects than syrup formulations. (Das and Singh 2011) (Singh and Das 2011)
George A. Eby III brings up some important points in a recent article published in the journal Medical Hypotheses. (Eby 2011)
Positively charged, ionic zinc (iZn), but not bound zinc, is strongly astringent, antirhinoviral, increases interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) 10-fold, inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inhibits the release of vasoactive ingredients from mast cell granules.
The lozenge iZn fraction varies, with zinc acetate releasing 100% iZn, zinc gluconate releasing 72% iZn, and other zinc compounds releasing much less or none at physiologic pH 7.4.
Due to inadequate lozenge iZn very few of more than 40 different brands of zinc lozenges on the US market are expected to have any effect on the duration or severity of common colds.
Zinc lozenges for the common cold: Should we ignore the side-effects?
(Das and Singh 2011) Download
Zinc lozenges as cure for the common cold--a review and hypothesis
(Eby 2011) Download
A 7-day reduction in duration of common colds was shown by Eby et al. in 1984 using 23mg zinc gluconate throat lozenges. Over the following 25years, 14 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials produced widely differing results with about one-half showing success and the remainder showing failure. Positively charged, ionic zinc (iZn), but not bound zinc, is strongly astringent, antirhinoviral, increases interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) 10-fold, inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inhibits the release of vasoactive ingredients from mast cell granules. Solution equilibrium chemistry analytical techniques showed lozenge iZn fraction varying from 0% to 100% of total lozenge zinc between trials, with zinc acetate (ZA) releasing 100% iZn, zinc gluconate (ZG) releasing 72% iZn and other zinc compounds releasing much less or none at physiologic pH 7.4. Since only iZn has in vitro benefits, iZn variations are hypothesized to have produced the widely varying clinical results. In support of the iZn hypothesis, lozenge iZn and total daily iZn in trials were found highly correlated with reductions in common cold durations with statistical significance for mean duration (P<0.001) and median duration (P<0.004), while total zinc (iZn plus bound) showed no correlation with changes in duration. Duration reductions (mean 0 days, median 0.43 days) for multi-ligand ZG and ZA lozenges differed significantly from duration reductions (mean 3.37 days, median 2.9 days) for single ligand ZA and ZG lozenges (P<0.001) showing that additive ligands as flavor-masks damaged or eliminated efficacy. Five of 6 trials with lozenges whose zinc compositions had a first stability constant of 1.7 or less succeeded, while only 2 of 9 trials of lozenges with higher stability succeeded (P<0.02). From the strong, multiple statistical relationships found, it is inferred that iZn is the active ingredient in zinc lozenges for colds, as it is in vitro against rhinoviruses, and that solution chemistry analytical techniques used at physiological pH are correct means for lozenge iZn analysis. Zinc lozenges slowly dissolving in the mouth over a 20-30 min period releasing adequate iZn (18 mg) used each 2h are hypothesized to shorten common colds by 6-7 days, which is a cure for the common cold. Due to inadequate lozenge iZn very few of more than 40 different brands of zinc lozenges on the US market are expected to have any effect on the duration or severity of common colds.
Zinc for the common cold
(Singh and Das 2011) Download
BACKGROUND: The common cold is one of the most widespread illnesses and is a leading cause of visits to the doctor and absenteeism from school and work. Trials conducted since 1984 investigating the role of zinc for the common cold symptoms have had mixed results. Inadequate treatment masking and reduced bioavailability of zinc from some formulations have been cited as influencing results. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of zinc on common cold symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL (2010, Issue 2) which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to May week 3, 2010) and EMBASE (1974 to June 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials using zinc for at least five consecutive days to treat, or for at least five months to prevent the common cold. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS: We included 13 therapeutic trials (966 participants) and two preventive trials (394 participants). Intake of zinc is associated with a significant reduction in the duration (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.56 to -0.38) (P = 0.001), and severity of common cold symptoms (SMD -0.39; 95% CI -0.77 to -0.02) (P = 0.04). There was a significant difference between the zinc and control group for the proportion of participants symptomatic after seven days of treatment (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.00) (P = 0.05). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing a cold (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88) (P = 0.006), school absence (P = 0.0003) and prescription of antibiotics (P < 0.00001) was lower in the zinc group. Overall adverse events (OR 1.59; 95% CI 0.97 to 2.58) (P = 0.06), bad taste (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.91 to 3.64) (P < 0.00001) and nausea (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.44 to 3.23) (P = 0.002) were higher in the zinc group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Zinc administered within 24 hours of onset of symptoms reduces the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people. When supplemented for at least five months, it reduces cold incidence, school absenteeism and prescription of antibiotics in children. There is potential for zinc lozenges to produce side effects. In view of this and the differences in study populations, dosages, formulations and duration of treatment, it is difficult to make firm recommendations about the dose, formulation and duration that should be used.
Das, R. R. and M. Singh (2011). "Zinc lozenges for the common cold: Should we ignore the side-effects?" Med Hypotheses 77(2): 308-9.
Eby, G. A., 3rd (2011). "Zinc lozenges as cure for the common cold--a review and hypothesis." Med Hypotheses 74(3): 482-92.
Singh, M. and R. R. Das (2011). "Zinc for the common cold." Cochrane Database Syst Rev(2): CD001364.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sound good to you? Share this page on social media and let your friends know about CharlestheFirst at Canal Club.
Please note: The term Canal Club and/or CharlestheFirst as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other trademarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Canal Club and/or CharlestheFirst and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Canal Club and/or CharlestheFirst and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.


[C#] Injecting a dll too soon?
how do i use sendmessage w/ vb6?
is their any model of a c++ program that could be illustrated here by ANYONE please?
how do i compile a .dll?
[Warcraft 3] Patch Module VERY USEFUL!
[C++/CLI] Using native functions in managed code.
Whats the best computer programming language to learn first?
Enlisting all non useless users.
Should i always push/pop ?
How to get base address of a program.
Can my .dll's be injected into windows Vista?
Any recommendations to learning Perl?
Why would ReadProcessMemory fail on XP but not Vista?
The single most insightful article ever about asking for programming help.
If I edit memory and..
Need someone to repost an old ZIP archive from the index.
Hey, I am having an issue with my code.
how to turn off my pc?
[PHP] Writing to a .INI file?
masm & artmoney help pls.
Generating a percentage value in Masm?
How to call function that modifies stackpointer?
'memcpy' and it's brethren officially declared deprecated on Windows platforms.
IT World: Programming rituals work.
C++ Open "Browse" window from batch-style application?
Making a RichEdit2.0 control Read Only?
Making my exe attach to starcraft?
Is anyone here familiar with win api?
Can I make the upper case Sigma character by itself on a TI 84?
Best way to create a custom dynamic sized stack?
Working on some rudimentary pretty printing in the console for binary trees.


New content! Good to see you are still around and about. Loking forard to seeing more. Has that dropship been blooded yet?
New content! Good to see you are still around and about. Looking forward to seeing more. Has that dropship been blooded yet?
Great work from your friend John!
No the dropship is still floating around in space unfortunately. I need to get back on track with the figures needed to get it in a scenario.


text:
For example, we have the following files: `a.js`, `b.js`, `c.js`.
We minimize them in one: `abc.min.js`.
In the minimization process is created the source map file `abc.min.js.map`.

Example of such a file:

```json
"version": 3,
"file": "abc.min.js",
"sourceRoot": "",
"sources": ["a.js", "b.js", "c.js"],
"sourcesContent": [null, null],
"names": ["src", "maps", "are", "fun"],
"mappings": "A,AAAB;;ABCDE;"
```

## Basic Terms

**Generated content**: the content of the file `abc.min.js`.
Generated content is always single.

**Generated position**: a position in the generated content.
Is described by a line number and a column number.

**Source**: a file of the original code.
One or more.
Specific source is identified by an index of the "sources" field of the source map file.

**Source position**: a position in the original content.
Is described by a source index, a line number (in the source file) and a column number.
Additional, it can contain information about a symbol name which located in this position.

**Symbol name**: an identifier (a function name, a variable name or etc) from a source content.

**Position map** (or **position**): a relationship between a source position and a generated position.

The main content of the source map is the list of position maps.

## Zero-based Offsets

All line numbers, column numbers, source and symbol name indexes is zero-based.
The first symbol of the first line has a coordinates `line=0;column=0`.

## Working with Files

The library works with source map only.
The library does not process the source files and does not generates the output file.

The `sources` filed for the library is a simple list of a named source.

The `file` and `sourceRoot` fields are just the strings that you can read and modify.
The library does not resolving file names relative to the `sourceRoot`.


text:
[ February 1, 2023 ] Digiturk deploys Irdeto's 360 Video Security Services Press Release
[ February 1, 2023 ] Cellcom scores World Cup low latency streaming win with Synamedia Press Release
[ February 1, 2023 ] Gcore launches simple, per-minute, video streaming for up to 100 million viewers Press Release
Digital Nirvana Introduces Trance 4.0, Adding Modular Applications to Its SaaS Transcription and Captioning Tool
July 28, 2022 OTTVerse Press Release
Digital Nirvana
FREMONT, Calif. — July 28, 2022 — Digital Nirvana, a provider of leading-edge media monitoring and metadata generation services, today announced an upgrade to its Trance self-service SaaS application. Trance 4.0 works within a media company's own workflow to generate transcripts, closed captions/subtitles, and translations automatically for content localization. Both enterprises and individual users will benefit from new features and capabilities, including elaborate account management, modular rights for users, and an advanced pro-captioning window.
Major changes in terms of user experience are broadly classified into the following categories:
Modular Application: Now the application can be used as a combined or individual tool for transcription, captioning, text localization, or conformance of existing captions.
Transcription: The new and improved transcription window can now be used as a stand-alone app instead of being part of a three-step transcription, captioning, and subtitling workflow that only generates output after all steps are complete. Users can upload media assets and quickly gain access to highly accurate, time-coded, speaker-segmented, automatic transcripts in the transcription window in real time. In addition to media and entertainment content, users can now get interviews, meetings, podcasts, and more quickly transcribed, reviewed, and exported in different formats.
Captioning: The pro-captioning window has undergone a major change to make it both user-friendly and efficient. Machine-generated timecodes can now be adjusted using spectrogram and manual inputs. It is now possible to ingest predefined sound cues, import custom vocabularies, view frames, and import guidelines to view across the organization. The stand-alone pro-captioning window will allow users to upload media, generate automatic captions, and display in the pro-captioning widow using the desired presets defined by the user or the organization.
Text Localization: An extension of the pro-captioning window, text localization can now be used as a Trance module to focus on localizing captions. Users can now import existing captions and quickly use the machine translation feature to generate highly accurate localized text specifically designed for subtitling purposes. Then they can review it side by side and export in various formats. Users can also create different presets for various languages since localization varies from language to language. This capability helps enterprises easily localize both legacy and new content and extend the content to a wider audience.
Caption Conformance: This application enables users to import text with new presets to conform with various publishing platforms. In addition, the application will automatically review the text and highlight any nonconformities with the selected guidelines. For example, if a user wants to publish content on Netflix, they can import the caption file, and the system will generate a time-coded alert against each nonconformity, enabling the user to quickly navigate to each instance and correct it. This helps enterprises avoid rejections from the publishing platform.
Management Functions: Digital Nirvana has upgraded the dashboard for better real-time visibility into which users are online and the progress of jobs. Administrators now have better management controls, including the ability to define user hierarchy, monitor user performance, and grade users. They can also see commercial usage in real time, add multiple projects with different presets, and upload custom vocabulary, among many other capabilities.
Related: Lightware Joins the Esports Trade Association to Enable Innovation and Drive Market Growth
User Control: Users now have more control over processing jobs, including the ability to choose from available jobs, import a transcript, and create captions in existing or new presets if required. There's also speaker differentiation, single-click access to predefined sound cues, options for a personal dictionary, the ability to precisely time captions by moving the spectrograph or overwriting manually in the caption window, easy-access icons on the top array, and advanced position controls.
Assigning Internal and External Tasks in the Same Application: Enterprises are now able to use Trance 4.0 to both assign work items to internal staff and to share work items with Digital Nirvana's service team to receive fully qualified, human-curated output using the same application. This eliminates the need to go to multiple places for data sharing.
Also, in an industry first, Digital Nirvana has implemented machine learning- and NLP-based presets to segment transcripts accurately into captions.
"Our customers asked, and we delivered. With this release, we've given Trance a major upgrade in capabilities and user experience," said Russell Vijayan, director of product at Digital Nirvana. "With advanced management controls, real-time monitoring of online users, better visibility into commercial usage and status of jobs, access to advanced security, and so much more, users will see a significant boost in both efficiency and experience."
Trance 4.0 is scheduled for release in September. Existing users will be notified when the upgrade is ready. New users will see the updated interface while onboarding.
More information about Digital Nirvana and its products and services is available at www.digital-nirvana.com.
About Digital Nirvana
Digital Nirvana is a global developer of knowledge management technologies that empower organizations to create, share, and mine actionable insights from electronic media. The company provides solutions for the generation and management of closed captions, subtitles, transcripts, translations, and metadata enrichment using advanced, AI-based technologies. This includes a suite of products and services to help media companies create content faster and assure quality and compliance at the time of distribution. Organizations worldwide rely on Digital Nirvana to improve scale and operational efficiencies, ensure compliance, reduce costs, and expand revenue streams. Digital Nirvana's solutions deliver unmatched quality, proven versatility, and best-in-class performance to help organizations surmount difficult business challenges and drive rapid and profitable growth.
Digital Nirvana Introduces Metadata Automation Tool for News…
VuWall Introduces its Application Server to Securely Share…
Cinedigm Agrees to Acquire Streaming and Entertainment…
Altman Solon survey reveals U.S. consumers continue rapidly…
Red5 Pro adds MPEG-5 LCEVC to its real-time latency platform…
Digital Nirvana Partners With eMAM for Automated Metadata…


High Street icon Miss Selfridge, originated from the London department store, Selfridges in the 1960s. Today it offers fashion conscious women a range of fun and flirty contemporary styles, often inspired by vintage clothing and embellished with unique fabrics, prints and details. Offering the entire spectrum of the wardrobe including swimwear, accessories, trousers, skirts, tops, dresses, knitwear, footwear, coats and jackets; Miss Selfridge is renowned for those little twists on fashion that make it such an appealing and enduring brand.


Noise pollution from medical equipment, alarms, phones, doors opening and closing, staff activities and visitors can make hospitals and especially intensive care units very noisy places. Add to that the amount of hard reflective surfaces and how close beds are to each other and you've got an acoustically unpleasant environment where noise bounces around and gets amplified. Anyone who has ever stayed overnight will know how high hospital noise levels can be.
It's not only the patients' that are affected though. These high hospital noise levels can also have an impact on staff performance and burnout rates. Staff suffer from the difficulty of hearing each other (and patients) and this, in turn, can compromise the quality and safety of healthcare.
King's College London recently published research which found that noise levels in intensive care - where the most vulnerable patients are looked after - regularly exceed 100 decibels; way above the recommended workplace noise Action Limit of 87dB (where hearing PPE is compulsory!). At that level, noise pollution has been implicated in the development of a condition known as intensive care psychosis - a form of delirium where patients experience anxiety, become paranoid, hear voices and see things that are not there.
For staff, it seems this noisy working environment is unavoidable - but the consequent stress can affect their performance, and in patients, this noise level is associated with increased stress, greater pain sensitivity, high blood pressure, poor mental health. and longer hospital stays.
Pulsar Instruments has developed its Pulsar SafeEar Noise-Activated Warning Sign to help remind visitors and staff to keep noise levels down. The noise warning sign quickly lights up when a pre-set noise level is exceeded and warns staff and visitors when hospital noise levels are getting too high and need to be reduced.
It really is a simple, accurate, visual and low-cost solution to managing noise and protecting patients hearing.
Kings College London (Nov 2018): Noise pollution in hospitals – a rising problem.


text:
Q: removing subfolder and get pageName in url using htaccess I want to remove the sub folder from url and get the page name from the url using .htaccess.
Suppose my real directory structure is:
 /public_html/promoted-content/gui/promoted-content.php
 /public_html/promoted-content/pages.php

Pages.php
 switch($_GET['pageName']) {

    case 'home': {
        include "gui/promoted-content.php";
        break;
    }

    case 'promoted-content-news': {
        $default_title = "News | ".$default_title;
        include "gui/promoted-content.php";
        break;
    }

    case 'promoted-content-news-details': {
        $default_title = "News | ".$default_title;
        include "gui/promoted_contentdetail.php";
        break;
    }

.htaccess
  RewriteRule ^([A-Za-z0-9-]+)/?$ promoted-content/index.php?pageName=pages&id=$1    [NC,L]    # Process Pagename requests

So, I want url www.example.com/promoted-content/gui/promoted-content.php?id=1 to be rewrited as:
 www.example.com/promoted-content-news/pageid/pagetitle

A: You need to catch 3 parameters in .htaccess , one for your pageName, one for id, and one for title:
#make sure existing files and directories work
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)/([0-9]+)/(.*)$ promoted-content/index.php?pageName=$1&id=$2&title=$3 [L]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


From Food52's "Five Ways to Flavor Your Butter with Fresh Herbs," I thought I wouldn't use it a lot since I don't eat toast much, but this little jar of deliciousness turned out to be a nice bonus to put on roast chicken, a green onion pancake egg sandwich, in a microwaved sweet potato at work, and anything else with a spreadable surface!
I used a tiny jam jar from a great wedding i went to, which was the perfect low commitment trial amount. I highly recommend trying out different flavor combos like in the article until it hits your taste buds just right.
Set butter out to warm to room temperature.
Rinse and pat dry the thyme, removing stems.
Once butter is warm enough to stir awkwardly, mix in thyme, honey and a dash of salt to taste.
Serve immediately, or store in fridge at eye level for maximum usage.
It's not a 5 only because i wouldn't eat it on its own.
prolly going to add this to my repertoire of edible gifts, for those I'm not worried abouy fattening up.
Lesson Learned: Do not underestimate the power of butter. Also: this will be a great way to use the herbs growing in my spring garden while also trimming them to grow bushier.


We have worked with education establishments for over 10 years and in particular, Edge Hill University, in which we have helped build student accommodation and education blocks over the 10 year period. We offer a full range of services which include general construction, plastering and dry lining and UPVC windows and doors.
We have worked with a number of Housing Associations throughout the North West area and have delivered services which are accredited and are of a high quality. Services include the supply only and supply and installation of UPVC windows and doors, energy efficiency works as part of investment schemes, refurbishment works to local authority buildings and general construction works as part of reactive schemes.
We believe in refurbishing and developing existing homes to offer our clients and local authorities cost effective solutions. We are able to offer a full package to void properties, as well as tenanted properties to ensure that the properties are refurbished to a high quality and energy efficient condition.
Through trading for over 14 years, we have established commercial links with many large contractors that work within the North West area and we have offered services to them on a regular basis during this time. We are able to assist in elements of a larger scheme, or offer our expertise in our four main work streams to our clients.
Give your property a facelift – Soffits, Fascia and Guttering.
What does Social Value mean for a construction company?


text:
GitLab Data Classification Policy
Data Classification levels
Credentials and access tokens are classified at the same level as the data they protect
Systems must be protected at a level appropriate for the volume of data they process.
Combinations of data types may result in a higher classification level
Determining the appropriate classification is at the discretion of GitLab Security and/or Leadership
Data classification provides a way to categorize organizational data based on levels of sensitivity. This includes understanding what data types are available, where the data is located, and access levels and protection of the data (for example, through encryption and access control). By carefully managing an appropriate data classification system along with each tier's protection requirements, you can map the controls and level of access/protection appropriate to the data. For example, public-facing content is available for anyone to access, whereas critical content is encrypted and stored in a protected manner that requires authorized access to a key for decrypting the content.
Data that falls in this category must remain confidential. This is our most sensitive data and access to it should be considered as privileged. Exposure of this data to unauthorized parties could cause extreme loss to GitLab and/or its customers. In the gravest scenario, exposure of this data could trigger or cause a business extinction event. Requests for access to this type of data should be reviewed based on the principle of "€œneed-to-know"€ and approved by appropriate data owner. Once approved, access should be logged and monitored. Additional security measures should be put in place to ensure immediate response to access that seems unexpected or inappropriate. These measures should include a formalized and documented review of access on a recurring basis, during which appropriateness of access and access entitlements are re-certified. Strong access controls should be put in place to ensure that this type of data is not publicly exposed.
This classification applies to data and information that should not be made generally available. Unauthorized access or disclosure could break contractual obligations, and/or adversely impact GitLab, its partners, employees, and customers. As with data within the RED classification, access to this data must be approved by appropriate owner prior to being granted, and once provisioned, access should be logged and monitored. Strong access controls should be put in place to ensure that this type of data is not publicly exposed.
Access to ORANGE data is limited to those with a business need-to-know, including third parties and customers, as defined by GitLab Security.
This classification covers non-public data that is not classified as ORANGE or RED. Disclosure of this data could violate privacy policies, and/or adversely impact GitLab, its partners, employees, and customers. Access to this data should be approved prior to being provisioned and should be logged. Strong access controls should be put in place to ensure that this type of data is not publicly exposed.
Access to YELLOW data is limited to those with a business need-to-know, including third parties and customers, as defined by GitLab Security.
Data and information that are publicly shareable, and do not expose GitLab or its partners to any harm.
Credentials such as passwords, encryption keys, and session cookies derive their importance from the data they protect. For example, authentication cookies for GitLab.com super users are classified as RED because anyone who gains access to them will have access to customer content, which is RED data.
A system that processes a single data element at a time still processes many over time and must therefore be protected at a level appropriate for systems processing bulk data.
Typically only client applications are considered to be handling "A single customer's" data. Data on hosts/services is typically always "more than one customer". (example of hosts running "client applications"€ would likely be runner hosts)
An example of this would be a single customer's encrypted content (ORANGE) that is stored on the same system as a GitLab employee'ss credentials (ORANGE). If this user has permission to access to secrets that decrypt the customer's€™ encrypted content, this elevates the classification (to RED).
GitLab Security should be contacted for all requests to review data classification of new data types.
If you have data that is not specified in the Data Classification Index (internal only) or does not fit the current classification and handling guidelines, please contact GitLab Security.
The following guidelines are used to determine the classification of data. Until GitLab Security makes a formal determination of classification, use these guidelines to self-classify your data:
If the data could cause a business extinction event or other irreparable loss or harm to the company if lost or exposed to unauthorized parties, it should be classified as RED. You must contact GitLab Security for a review and approval for any critical data.
If the data could cause significant or financially material loss or risk of harm to GitLab if exposed to unauthorized parties, it should be classified as ORANGE.
If the data would cause minimal risk of loss or harm to GitLab if exposed, it should be classified as YELLOW.
If the data does not expose GitLab to any harm and can or should be made available to the public, it may be classified as GREEN.
If you cannot identify the data element in the Data Classification Index (internal only), or are uncertain of the risk associated with the data and how it should be classified and handled, please contact GitLab Security.


When growing catnip in containers, fill pots with premium quality potting mix, such as Miracle-Gro® Potting Mix. Keep plants full by pinching the growing stems and flower buds when they appear. Keep plants full by pinching the growing stems and flower buds when they appear.
How soil is destroyed. Contents - Previous - Next. Soil is a complex mixture Soil teems with life Only a fraction of land is arable ... These chemical reactions are also essential to plant growth and development and are a good index of soil fertility. Only a fraction of land is arable.
Genus name comes from the Greek words bora meaning food and helein meaning injures/destroys in reference to the plant's toxic leaves, stems and roots which are poisonous to humans if ingested. Specific epithet comes from the Latin word niger meaning black in reference to the color of the roots.
The recommended method for patching a tree hole is to use a thin metal flap or screening covered with plaster over the tree hole. This will prevent animals and water from entering the hole and create a surface that the bark and outer living layers can eventually grow back over.
The cell wall is a rigid organelle composed of cellulose and lying just outside the cell membrane. The cell wall gives the plant cell it's box-like shape. it also protects the cell.
You probably don't want to fill your planter more then 1/3 of the way up with a filler material–not only does your plant need some soil to grow in, but the more soil you have the less often you will have to water.
Just because you don't have much of a yard doesn't mean you can't have a nice little garden going! Rubbermaid storage containers are lightweight and just the right size to get you started. Fill the bottom with packing peanuts and a layer of garden fabric to keep them easy to move.
For container gardening and patio containers, one common way to start designing is to use the "Thriller, Filler, Spiller" concept. This design technique utilizes three different types of plants to create well-rounded and upscale looking containers.
Kill definition is - to deprive of life : cause the death of. How to use kill in a sentence. ... destroy kill an enemy. 3 a: ... You might instruct your broker to "fill it or kill it," meaning that your broker should buy the entire million shares at $20 a share right now (fill it) or do nothing at all (kill it).
Aug 19, 2018· 2. I would destroy the family, the fabric of society. I would tear apart the nuclear family, that produced stable children, future contributors to the nation's wealth and power.
filler in destroying means plants. Get in Touch. Jeremiah 110 Commentaries See, I have appointed . See, I have this day set you over the nations and over the kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, to build, and to plant. Best plants for hanging baskets Fox News.
For a view of how plant parasitic nematodes move and feed on plants see the film clips and the movies "Wormula" and "The Wormy" at the "nematode movies" web site in Table 1. Many plant-parasitic nematodes feed on the roots of plants.
A cannabis plant does not get over-watered because it's given too much water at once – overwatering is caused by the plant being watered too often, or if the plant does not have proper drainage (which means the growing medium is taking too long to dry out).
The Rapitest® Digital Moisture Meter includes a handy plant care booklet and watering guide for over 150 plants. Use to prevent over and under watering by measuring moisture at the root level. Use to prevent over and under watering by measuring moisture at the root level.
Nothing brings a bouquet to life like the gorgeous filler flowers and various types of greenery that surround it! From delicate baby's breath to colorful snapdragons, rich ferns to romantic dusty millers, discover 26 types of fillers and greens that will round out your bouquets and floral arrangements.
Prevent the production of viable seed and destroy the plant's ability to reproduce vegetatively. Cultural Young colonies can be eradicated in three to four years if plants are overgrazed or persistently cut back repeatedly during the hottest temperatures of summer.
A rainforest is a forest that receives heavy rainfall.The most notable rainforests are in the tropics or subtropics, mostly in the Intertropical Convergence Zone.The biggest rainforest is the Amazon rainforest, which is mostly in Brazil.Forests like this have extraordinary biodiversity. Biologists say over half of all plant and animal species live in the rainforest.


Istanbul's history is a tale of overcoming adversity.
Since its foundation, the city has suffered several invasions, wars, and destruction. Yet despite all of that, the Turkish have always found a way to stand as one, rebuild the city and start again even stronger than before.
This unbreakable spirit is also true in sports. Last year, Fenerbahce Basketball lost the Euro League Champions final in the last second. But even that didn't bend their resolve.
This year, following a storming win in their final game against Olympiakos, they finally laid their demons to rest by reclaiming the Championship and their crown.


The Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium is a spectacular sports and entertainment complex that will include a permanent stage built into the 50-yard line and provide world-class hospitality experiences. As the highest steel beam was placed on the stadium and as it draws closer to completion, the construction team celebrated with a "topping off" ceremony.
On the same day, a major milestone was achieved for the Johnson Controls Hall of Fame Village as ground was broken on a new four-star hotel and conference center. The new 345,400 square foot hotel will be a football-themed, upscale hotel that will include 25,000 square feet of conference and special event space.
You can read more about the topping off and groundbreaking ceremonies in the Canton Repository and the Akron Beacon Journal.


K.M. Mammen, CMD, MRF and Anshuman Singhania, whole-time director of JK Tyre and Industries have been unanimously elected as chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of Automotive Tyre Manufacturers' Association (ATMA). ATMA acts as a key link between tire makers and the Centre, and assists in policy formulation on the sector.


text:
Q: How to check for time every minutes in Rails Let's say I want to build a Reminder App. It allow user to set a time which will remind them to do their work. For example: 24th March 07:03 PM.
The easiest way I can think of is to use whenever gem and set a crontab every minutes and check if there is any reminder needs to be fire.
But I was wondering if there is a better way to achieve this. Or if now users want to set a reminder in seconds, what can I do? For example: 24th March 07:03:33 PM.

A: Another way to do this and be accurate to seconds is with a delayed background job.
For example resque_scheduler
When a user creates a reminder you enqueue a job at specific time.
 reminder = Reminder.last
 # assuming reminder has a column reminder_at and there is
 # a job that processes these reminders, ProcessReminderJob
 Resque.enqueue_at(reminder.remind_at, ProcessReminderJob, reminder.id)


XtraTime Web Desk: The fancied South West Asian Football Federation (SWAFF) was dissolved by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in its governing body meeting held in Kuala Lumpur on Wednesday. The SWAFF which started with much fanfare few months back will terminate its functioning with immediate effect.
The reason for such a move is influenced by the relations between AFC President Sheikh Salman and Saudi Arabia Football Federation President Adel Ezzat. The relationship took a bitter turn after the later expressed his wish to contest for the post of President in the upcoming AFC Elections.
Sheikh Salman, who has been the President since 2013 warned against a return to "turmoil and instability" on Wednesday as he launched his bid to retain his position at the helm of the continent's governing body.
Ezzat's hopes of building a power base suffered a blow on Tuesday when members of the South Asian Football Federation withdrew from the Saudi-created South West Asian Football Federation.
Sheikh Salman also pledged his support to the re-election campaign of Gianni Infantino, who defeated the Bahraini in the FIFA presidential election in 2015.
"We will be full supporting you to do your work at FIFA," he told Infantino.
The development also meant good news for the countries under SAFF (South Asian Football Federation) as they have been assured by AFC of getting recognition.


High air flows for conventional and compliant spray guns.
Provides air filtered to 0.01 microns suitable for air-fed respiratory outfits.
Suitable for use in booth/oven up to 100°C (212°F).
Three ball valve controlled outlets.


text:
Cavaillé-Col, Aristide
Cavaillé-Col, Aristide (b Montpellier, 1811; d Paris, 1899). Fr. organ-builder, most prominent of his family. Went to Paris 1833, built organ for basilica of St Denis. Also built org. for Madeleine. His orgs. in Eng. incl. that for Manchester Town Hall. Estimated to have built nearly 500 organs.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music
"Cavaillé-Col, Aristide ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Encyclopedia.com. 17 Jan. 2023 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Cavaillé-Col, Aristide ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 17, 2023). https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cavaille-col-aristide
"Cavaillé-Col, Aristide ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Retrieved January 17, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cavaille-col-aristide
reed organ , reed-organ. Name for kbd. instr. using free-beating reeds and no pipe, as the harmonium and the American org. Also for accordion and harmonica. See a… Berwick-upon-Tweed , Berwick-on-Tweed. Northumbrian coastal town at the mouth of the river Tweed. Berwick was a disputed Anglo-Scottish border town and changed hands thir… Alfred Denis Cortot , Cortot, Alfred (Denis) Cortot, Alfred (Denis) , famous French pianist, conductor, and teacher; b. Nyon, Switzerland (of a French father and a Swiss m… Cesar Franck , Franck, César (Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert) Franck, César (Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert) (b Liège, 1822; d Paris, 1890). Belg.-born composer and o… George Malcolm Williamson , Williamson, Malcolm (Benjamin Graham Christopher) (b Sydney, NSW, 1931; d Cambridge, 2003). Australian composer, pianist, organist, and conductor. En… Josef Rheinberger , Rheinberger, Josef (Gabriel) Rheinberger, Josef (Gabriel) (b Vaduz, Liechtenstein, 1839; d Munich, 1901). Ger. organist, pianist, conductor, and comp…
Gigout, Eugène
Orfalea, Gregory 1949–
solo organ
St Florian
Serassi, Giuseppe
Karg-Elert,Sigfrid
Cavagnoud, Regine (1970–2001)
cavaedium
cav.
Caux, Salomon de
Cauvery
Cauveren, Sydney 1947-
Cauto
Cautleyan
cautionary
Cauthen, (W.) Kenneth
Cauterization
Caute, (John) David 1936-(John Salisbury)
Caute, (John) David
Caustun, Thomas
Caustic Resin
caustic lime
Caussade, Jean Pierre de
Caussade, J. P. de
Causley, Charles (Stanley) 1917-2003
Causley, Charles (Stanley)
Causimomancy
Cavaillé-Coll, Aristide
Cavaioli, Frank J. 1930-
Cavalcade of the West
Cavalcanti, Alberto
Cavalcanti, Newton (1930–2006)
Cavalier of the West
Cavalier, Jean
Cavaliere d'Arpino
Cavalieri, Bonaventura
Cavalieri, Catarina (real name, Franziska Cavalier)
Cavalieri, Caterina (1760–1801)
Cavalieri, Emilio de
Cavalieri, Francesco Bonaventura
Cavalieri, Katharina
Cavalieri, Lina
Cavalieri, Lina (1874–1944)
Cavalieri, Lina (actually, Natalina)
Cavallaro, Michael J. 1975-
Cavallazzi, Malvina (c. 1852–1924)
Cavalleri, Silvia (1972–)
Cavalleria (Caballeria), De la


text:
Q: Reversible/Irreversible Fundamental Equation I do have some problems in understanding how the fundamental equation may be written correctly.
For a closed system without chemical reactions (and compression work being the only form of work done), the fundamental equation may be written as:
$ dU = TdS - pdV$.
Now, since S and V are state variables, the above equation should hold for any path between $S_1, V_1$ and $S_2, V_2$. In particular, it should hold for reversible and irreversible processes, right?
However, in, e.g. Reichl, L. 2016, Modern Course in Statistical Physics, the following form is presented:
$ dU \le TdS - pdV $
Reichl says that "The equality holds for reversible changes, and the inequality holds for changes which are spontaneous."
What am I missing here? Is the equal sign always correct or only for the reversible case?

A: The fundamental equations of thermodynamics, such as $dU = T dS - p dV$ etc., should be understood as mathematical relationships among thermodynamic properties. If we go to the team tables for example and look at two entries close to each other, we should be able to confirm the above differential.
The integration of thermodynamic differentials requires an integration path,which is a line on the thermodynamic plane, for example, the $(S,V)$ plane, in the case of the above differential. A line (any line) on the thermodynamic plane can be associated with a reversible process that could be conducted experimentally. Conversely, only reversible processes can be associated with a line on the thermodynamic plane.
Real processes are irreversible (reversibility is an idealized limit) and reversibility is usually expressed in the form of some inequality. All of these inequalities derive from the second law, which says that the total entropy change in a closed system is positive, $S_\text{gen}\geq 0$.
The same is true for the inequality $dU < T dS - p dV$, but one must be extra careful on how to read this equation. It means the following: If we partition a system with fixed total $S$ and $V$ into two parts and transfer an arbitrary amount $dS$ and $dV$ from one side to the other, then:

*

*If the total $U$ decreases ($dU<0$) the two parts are moving closer to equilibrium

*If the total $U$ increases ($dU>0$) as a result of the exchange, the two parts are moving further away from equilibrium

*If the total $U$ remains unchanged ($dU=0$), the parts are in equilibrium with each other.
Case 1 is a feasible exchange, i.e., one that could be observed to occur spontaneously; case 2 represents a process that is not physically possible. Case 3 restores the equality of the fundamental differential.

Derivation
I added this derivation in response to the comment by @hyportnex.
Consider a system in contact with a bath at temperature $T'$, pressure $p'$ and chemical potentials $\mu_i'$. Processes in the system can be reversible or irreversible, but in the bath they are always reversible because they take places under constant $T'$, $p'$ and $\mu'_i$. For any such process,
$$
   dS' + dS \geq 0,
$$
where primes refer to the bath and unprimed variables to the system. We conduct a process that changes the system by $(dU,dV,dn_i)$ and the bath by $(dU',dV',dn'_i)=-(dU,dV,dn_i)$.  The entropy change of the bath is calculated by the equilibrium condition
$$
   dS'
   = \frac{dU'}{T'} + \frac{p' dV'}{T'} - \sum_i \mu'_i dn'_i
   = -\frac{dU}{T'} - \frac{p' dV}{T'} + \sum_i \mu'_i dn_i
$$
Substitute into the second law and rearrange:
$$
 dU - T' dS + p' dV - \sum_i \mu'_i dn_i \leq 0
$$
For a process at constant $S$ and $V$ in a closed system this gives
$$
  dU \leq 0
$$
which we can write as
$$dU \leq T' dS - p' dV$$
where we now have the temperature and pressure of the bath. I agree that this is a confusing and misleading way to express this inequality, which nonetheless is found in many textbooks. The proper way to write it is
$$ dU \leq 0 \quad
\text{for any process at constant $S$,$V$,$n_i$}
$$


E-commerce is great! It offers choices and convenience. And this holiday season, many of us will purchase gifts online for our loved ones. But there is no substitute to being a well-informed consumer. So, we put together a list of best practices to help you shop safely and confidently this holiday season.


Maalik (2016) Full Movie Watch Online, Maalik (Urdu مالک) is a 2016 Pakistani Political, thriller film made by Ashir Azeem. The film stars Ashir Azeem, Farhan Ally Agha, Sajid Hassan, Hassan Niazi, Adnan Shah, Rashid Farooqi, Ehteshamuddin and Tatmain ul Qulb in lead roles. It was released on 8 April 2016 in cinemas across Pakistan under the production banner of Media Hub. The film was banned in Pakistan for political reasons after being cleared by all three Censor Boards of the country with Universal (Unrestricted) rating, opposition parties in Pakistan welcomed the film for showing reality and the KPK govt allowed screening of 'Maalik' . Maalik is the only Pakistani film to be banned by the Federal Govt after being cleared by all Censor Boards. A Pashtun family that escapes from the ravages of the Soviet war in Afghanistan and settles in Karachi. A Special Services Group SSG officer Hameed khan (krejxaa) who undergoes a personal tragedy and starts a private security company (Black Ops Pvt. Ltd) in Karachi. His SSG colleagues keep joining the company on their retirements. An idealist school master who suffers greatly under a cruel Feudal lord and settles in Karachi and finally the Feudal Lord who becomes the Chief Minister of Sindh and unleashes a reign of terror on all that cross his path. Maalik is a story of love, loyalty, honor, family value, idealism, courage and dignity against all odds, and across all sections of society from the poor and the struggling to the highest levels of wealth and power.


Every project I've ever worked on included some form of temporal data. Even with that constant, each time the format was different – and seemingly arbitrary differences with varying success.
For sake of discussion, we need to put out some definitions.
Here are a just a few example formats. Everything has its pros and cons, and the list is in no way exhaustive.
Pretty straight forward – but you had better remember the context of your call. There are plenty of downsides here. We know a time and value, but no idea what sequence we are looking at, what time boundaries we've requested, or what frequency the data should be in.
We get some context of our data back – mainly stats about each series. We can also call for multiple series at once – getting back as many series as we want. There is a trade off between convinces of access and data redundancy in the structure itself.
A more complicated structure and compact for lack of redundancy. A downside of this format is the expectation for a fixed resolution of each sequence. If we have varying resolutions, this format gets a little ridiculous.
* Do you want to organize your data?
* Would you like to easily find interesting elements of your data?
* Do you think having a structure to your data is pretty kickin' rad?
Well, buddy, if you answered 'yes' to all three of the above questions and you *haven't* implemented a tagging system in your data, what the hell is wrong with you?!
Well, that was great. Apparently this is the coolest resource ever, but we won't know unless we read through the 54k of body. Sure, we could do it if we wanted to search that monstrosity, but what would happen if we added tags?
Now that's more like it! We know it involves a person, a couple organizations, terrible food, and one of my favorite television shows. We could render this data, we could search for this data with query params, we could cluster the data. A user could add their own tag without changing the actual content of the body. There's a lot to do with tagging. I'll leave some up to wikipedia to talk about tagging and folksonomies.
Generate your own? Sure. Have someone do it for you, now that is even better.
You track software project risk items on an excel spreadsheet. You know you do, don't lie to me. Even if you have a handful of SaaS and in-house Project Management® suites, you still keep that one little private spreadsheet of risks and plans.
So how detailed do you go? How many items do you add into that sheet? And how much value do you get out of communicating those items at the end of the project?
We need to start tracking risks before we are able to communicate them. So what level do we identify at? Depending on the sizes of your projects, your approach may be different. For me, tracking risk at each deliverable is perfect. The project level (and program) is too high; context for the risk gets muddled. The task level too granular; risks are repeated and seem arbitrary. At the deliverable, risk items fit with the story.
How many to track. Again, your approach may differ; I limit myself to three. This is an absolutely arbitrary rule of thumb; if more than three are needed, consider re-examining the deliverable to see if splitting it up makes sense. Having a small set of risks keeps a focus when it is time to communicate to the team.
Communicate as much as a team can handle, and then a little less. The team has other concerns such as the deliverable at hand, testing, builds breaking, network oddities, and so on. With only so much time in the day, every moment taken away adds frustration. Keeping with platitudes: a little less is a whole lot more.
Never forget the concerns of context switching and partial attention. When a set of ranked items gets large enough, it eventually breaks down into "important" and "not important". At this point some items are just ignored. The rest either spread attention too thin or create wasted time. Blowing past the schedule makes the whole exercise a moot point. The closer that list size is to zero, and mitigating as much yourself, the smoother the teams' deliveries will be.
Keep your risk lists small and your communications even smaller. For the most part, keep it all to yourself. Communicate only one risk per deliverable until that risk is as acted upon as is valuable. Then, move on.
Context switches are killers, and they are all over the place. The team has enough to worry about without adding another fistful of distractions. Having one item to be mindful of per deliverable, a team can be successful. They can be exceptionally mediocre spreading focus across ten.


Aero theme based on Murrine engine.
New modified version uses a pixbuf engine for some parts (panel + menu bar). Redesigned menu button also included. Scrollbar got three stripes now as requested.
New version with light blue menus. Metacity on the screenshot is Minsta.
Slightly improved panel. Now looks more like the Vista's original one.
In Xfce, the clock text is black...on a black background, no less. Can you fix that?
Wow! This theme works really well. I'm not sure if it's the engine it uses or what, but it runs much faster on my computer than any other one I've tried.
I do have one concern though: I can't tell which workspace I'm on. The white edged box stays on the 1st workspace even when I move to another. I think it would be much better if it moved to represent the current workspace.
can you please post that metacity theme? i love the vista basic, but ts just too thick.
You need to install gtk2-pixbuf engine cause some parts of this theme uses pixmaps instead of murrine widgets.
It's a remake, no license issues.
Just an original OSX 10.4 Tiger wallpaper and 5 minutes in Gimp. As it's mostly Apple work i can't share it modified.
Best theme ever, i wanted a murrina theme like this since a long time.
-i really dont like the dark panel. i cant add my own background because the text is white.
i like very much. its clean and easy.
can you upload the modified metacity?
To set the panel go to panel properties, set it's size to 28, and as a background this attached image.
But how do I change the "start" button?
Nevermind, I read the rest, thank you!
I really like this one! How do I install it, can someone tell me in detail?
Also, can the progress bars be made to "spin" as with most other murrine themes?
For the progress bar, set animation to TRUE.
I've seen murrine themes with scroll bars that have three lines in the middle, as vista does. A good example is Murrina Fancy Sea (Which I often use as an XP look-alike).
Can the scroll bars be made to be "a little less murrine, and a little more vista?"


text:
1-800-917-8189 Request Brochure
Erickson Difference
Erickson Difference Leadership Newsroom Tribune Join the Opinion Panel
Computer programs show promise in improving memory
Technology has forever changed senior living. In addition to devices that can help older adults manage medication and track their movements around the house, programs as simple as computer games have been found to offer considerable health benefits. A recent study out of UCLA found seniors who played brain-stimulating games on the computer saw improvements in their memory as well as their language skills, according to results published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.
An easy solution
The study relied on an analysis of nearly 70 participants with an average age of 82. Researchers asked them to play a game featuring hundreds of exercises that work on improving everything from visual-spatial processing and long-term memory to problem solving and reasoning. Over the course of the six-month trial, the team found that participants who completed at least 40 20-minute sessions performing the exercises saw an improvement to their memory skills. They also experienced a boost in language skills.
An estimated 40 percent of older adults experience some form of age-related memory decline, according to UCLA, and the results offer an easy-to-implement treatment option that may be able to stave off such changes to cognitive function. Additionally, these findings are not the first time that technology, and computer use in particular, has been cited as part of a healthy lifestyle for seniors.
Facebook and senior health
Recent Pew Research Center findings revealed that more than half of adults 65 and older regularly use the Internet, which marked the first time that figure eclipsed the 50 percent mark. While it may seem inconsequential, the time seniors spend online could be good for their health. Specifically, researchers from the University of Luxembourg found that older adults who used social media websites such as Facebook experienced lower levels of isolation and loneliness. Not only that, but they may be able to use it to improve their health.
"There are many online forums where people in difficult life situations, such as informal caregivers of a spouse with dementia or individuals with depression, can exchange thoughts as well as receive and provide social support," said the study's author Dr. Anja Leist. "Other positive consequences are that lonely older adults can overcome loneliness through contact to family and friends and other users with similar interests."
{{ field_footer_contact }}
{{ field_cs_default }}
Follow us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Follow us on YouTube Connect with us on LinkedIn Follow us on Pinterest Erickson Living on Instagram


text:
Video: Miami-Dade Police Shoot Man in Stolen SUV at Busy Intersection
Tim Elfrink | October 18, 2016 | 8:45am
The white Volkswagen SUV was mired in traffic around 1 p.m. yesterday at a busy Miami Gardens intersection when Miami-Dade Police caught up with it. The driver had stolen the ride from a nearby dealership earlier that day.
While bystanders filmed from their cars, police swarmed the SUV, busted a window, and yanked open a door. Then the shooting began. "Oh, shit!" a woman in a nearby car yelled as police officers dove for cover.
In the end, the driver was shot and killed, and no police were harmed in the incident. The Florida Department of Law Enforcement is investigating the case and will have to unravel whether police were right to shoot the man.
But the head of the Fraternal Order of Police, the local police union, says the case is open-and-shut because the man pulled a machete on the cops.
"This is a clear-cut case of officers protecting their (lives) to the fullest. There is no question about this one," police union president John Rivera told CBS 4. "This was a deadly weapon."
A Miami-Dade Police spokesperson tells New Times this morning that the department is still not releasing the name of the man killed in the shooting as police work to notify his relatives.
The deadly incident began earlier in the day yesterday when the driver boosted the SUV from a Miami Gardens dealership, police say.
Around 1 p.m., officers spotted the Volkswagen at the intersection of NW 57th Avenue and Miami Gardens Drive and hopped out to confront the driver. When he refused to get out of the car, police smashed the driver's-side window. That's when the driver pulled out the machete — and police started shooting.
At least nine shots are audible in cell-phone video taken by bystanders and uploaded to YouTube. The Miami-Dade Police Department has been equipping its officers with body cameras, with 1,132 wearing the devices as of last month, but it's not immediately clear if the officers involved in this shooting were wearing body cameras.
The man killed yesterday is at least the eighth to die in a police-involved shooting in Miami-Dade this year, according to a database kept by the Guardian.
Planet Dodge Miami


Westco's Wholesale Beef Shank is fall-off-the-bone tender.
Westco's beef shank are imported from Uruguay.
Beef shanks are taken from the animals' leg and taste best cooked over low heat and slowly such as in a slow-cooker all day, over low heat on a stove, or in the oven. Popular marinaras include red wine, pepper, garlic, and freshly-ground thyme. Use your favorite cooking oil such as coconut or peanut oil for added flavor. Westco Foods' beef shanks are cut to the perfect size for a serving and take the guesswork from the perfect cut. Best paired with cooked vegetables and a big salad, Westco's Wholesale Beef Shanks are awaiting your imagination. Order beef shank from Westco online today!
Guaranteed delivery within 24 hours of order!