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Elmiron Lawsuit
If you have been using the oral drug Elmiron to treat conditions associated with interstitial cystitis (IC) and are starting to experience vision problems, you may be wondering, What is the lawsuit against Elmiron? While the drug has shown success in treating issues related to IC, recent studies have suggested that the drug could be linked to permanent vision impairment. If you are experiencing vision loss, then you should contact a vision specialist right away—and learn more about your legal options.
Even if you or your doctor are still unsure whether your symptoms are related to Elmiron, you may want to contact an attorney's team. A lawyer with experience handling these lawsuits can help you determine if your damages were caused by the drug. A law firm can also tell you more about the intricacies of the lawsuit and help you determine if you are eligible to join the mass tort against the drugmakers.
Connecticut Woman Files Elmiron Lawsuit for 'Permanent Retinal Injury'
On March 26, 2020, a Connecticut woman filed a lawsuit against Elmiron after she experienced a permanent retinal injury. (United States District Court of Connecticut) The plaintiff had been using the drug since 2005, and she claimed that the drug was causing damage to her vision.
The lawsuit stressed the importance of eye care specialists being informed of the risks related to Elmiron's use so that they can monitor the vision of their patients taking the drug more closely. The lawsuit also stated that the drug manufacturer had not given patients, doctors, or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adequate warning of the ill effects caused by Elmiron.
A verdict has yet to be reached for the Connecticut woman, but since the filing in 2020, there have been hundreds of patients who have come forward with similar issues as described by this plaintiff. These lawsuits have since been consolidated into a multi-district litigation action (MDL). If you are experiencing vision changes and have been using Elmiron for a long period of time, you are not alone. With a careful review of your situation, it could be determined that you are owed compensation for your damages.
What is Elmiron Maculopathy?
According to Mayo Clinic, maculopathy is a disease that affects the back of the retina and causes difficulty reading, seeing color, recognizing faces, and seeing details in objects. It is a progressive disease that has no cure and can lead to central vision loss. Peripheral vision can be affected, but it is not as common to experience changes to peripheral vision as it is to experience changes to central vision.
Symptoms of maculopathy include:
Blurry spots
Dark spots or blank spots that leave gaps in vision
Difficulty reading
Inability to see color
Blurred vision of objects, faces, and lines
While maculopathy generally occurs as an age-related disease, there are other factors that can lead to it, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. To determine whether the maculopathy that you are experiencing is related to an underlying health condition or Elmiron, you should seek the advice of a health care professional.
Then, you can get a case review from a law firm to understand your legal options. Be prepared to share your medical records so that the Mass tort lawsuit attorney can properly investigate and build your case.
Maculopathy and Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium
As the only FDA-approved oral medication for the treatment of IC, pentosan polysulfate sodium has been prescribed to thousands of patients since it became available in 1996. While there were originally no studies to suggest that pentosan polysulfate sodium could be related to vision loss, recent studies have suggested otherwise.
In 2018, a small study was conducted that revealed that six women taking pentosan polysulfate sodium were detailing symptoms such as difficulty reading and other issues associated with vision loss, despite not having a history of vision problems. (Ophthalmology) As more studies show their results, the correlation between pentosan polysulfate sodium use for IC and visual deterioration continues to increase.
This correlation has produced cause for concern among patients that have taken Elmiron and some doctors who prescribe the drug. With evidence pointing to prolonged usage of pentosan polysulfate sodium leading to maculopathy, many patients who are experiencing vision loss and taking the medication are coming forward to file lawsuits.
Elmiron Injuries and Side Effects
Some of the most common side effects associated with Elmiron include diarrhea, hair loss, nausea, abdominal pain, and headaches. These side effects may seem alarming at first, but they are fairly common, and there is generally no reason to be concerned unless the side effects worsen over time.
The more serious side effects of Elmiron include not only changes in vision, but also eye diseases such as retinal hemorrhage, optic neuritis, and amblyopia. If you suffer any of these side effects, then you should notify your doctor right away, as they could be signs of a much more serious issue.
Due to recent studies, deterioration of vision is a particularly alarming side effect of Elmiron. If you have been taking the drug for an extended period of time, you should immediately notify your eye care specialist if you notice any changes in vision or eye health.
How Liability Law Applies to the Elmiron Cases
Through liability law, most states allow a patient to bring a lawsuit against a drug company due to either a design defect, a manufacturing defect, or a failure to warn the patient of the potential risks associated with taking the drug.
In the Elmiron lawsuits, many plaintiffs state that they were taking daily doses for an extended period of time without knowing that the drug could be harmful to their vision. Claimants are also alleging that the drug manufacturer did not provide the public with the proper warning of the long-term side effects and how these risks could affect patients. Because of this, the manufacturer of Elmiron could be held liable for any damages you faced.
However, you must show that your injuries were the direct result of using Elmiron. If there are other health conditions that are determined to be the reason for your vision loss, then the drug manufacturers may not be held responsible. Major drug lawsuits can be complex and challenging to prove, but a Mass Tort lawsuit lawyer can help you navigate the process. You may want to work with a law firm that is familiar with mass tort lawsuits, as there are many processes and procedures specific to MDLs.
Filing an Elmiron Lawsuit for Eye Damage
Injury cases—including mass tort cases—have specific statutes of limitations set by states. However, if you plan to join the Elmiron lawsuit, you still need to make sure that you do so before your state's deadline to file.
While the first trials in the Elmiron MDL have not yet begun, there have already been hundreds of Elmiron lawsuits filed. You may be able to join the existing MDL and start building a case for compensation.
If you believe that you suffered vision loss due to prolonged use of Elmiron and want to know more about what the lawsuit against Elmiron is, it is important to get a consultation from a law firm. An attorney will be able to review your case and compare it to other lawsuits that have been filed. By looking through your medical records and other pertinent information, your attorney will be able to help you determine if you should file as part of the mass tort lawsuit.
Types of Compensation Plaintiffs Could Seek in an Elmiron Lawsuit
People facing serious vision loss related to Elmiron use could be suffering in a number of ways. Through a lawsuit, you could seek damages for the following costs and losses:
Medical expenses: This could include any emergency care, diagnostic testing, visits to a doctor, ambulance services, surgeries, or other medical treatment you require. This can include compensation for your past, present, and future anticipated medical care needs.
Lost earnings: You may not have been able to earn your usual income while you were suffering symptoms of vision loss. If you're unable to return to your former career because of vision loss or impairment, you could recover compensation for the difference between your past and expected future earnings.
Out-of-pocket expenses: You could recover compensation for various out-of-pocket expenses, such as for in-home assistance if you require such care.
Non-financial damages: You could suffer serious emotional and psychological challenges after losing your vision. These losses could be recoverable.
How Do Elmiron Eye Damage Lawsuits Work?
The mass tort lawsuit against Elmiron is different from a class action lawsuit in a couple of ways. In a class action lawsuit, every plaintiff splits the settlement money evenly, while in a mass tort, the amount of compensation issued depends on each party's specific situation. In a mass tort, every person who brings a lawsuit will be treated as an individual.
The first major step in a mass tort is bellwether trials. Because of the size of mass tort cases, bellwether trials exist to simplify the litigation process. At these trials, lawyers for key plaintiffs will make their cases for the plaintiffs' damages. These sample trials will give all other plaintiffs in the case a sense of what damages could be available in their own lawsuits.
If the bellwether cases are successful, attorneys for the plaintiffs will take the knowledge they received from the trials and negotiate settlements for their clients. Most of the remaining lawsuits will be settled without ever going to trial, though there are sometimes exceptions.
Elmiron Lawsuit Criteria
To qualify for an Elmiron lawsuit, you must show that your symptoms are associated with prolonged Elmiron use and be able to prove that the symptoms you are experiencing are not caused by other health issues.
In other words, you'll need to show that:
You took Elmiron as intended and as prescribed by a doctor.
You suffered injuries directly as a result.
You suffered damages.
As mentioned previously, your medical records will play an integral part in your lawsuit. These documents will help your attorney prove that the symptoms you are experiencing can be traced back to Elmiron. It will also allow the attorney to prove that there are no other health issues that could be causing your vision loss. Well-kept records can be the difference between a great settlement and a lesser one.
During this time you may feel overwhelmed, but do not panic. If you are not sure if you qualify for the Elmiron lawsuit, you should seek professional advice. Let health and law professionals help you plan your next move. Your lawyer will know how to seek the best possible results for you.
Choosing an Elmiron Lawyer
Choosing the right Elmiron lawyer for you requires research. Do not rush into working with a lawyer just because they are the first with whom you speak. You want to make sure that you are making the correct decision for your situation. You will want to pick a law group that has experience with mass torts and with getting their clients favorable settlements. The Elmiron lawsuit requires an attorney that is not afraid to take on a large corporation while fighting for their client.
Get a case review from the law firm to ask questions about their experience and how they may be able to represent you. It may be a good idea to get a case review from several firms so you can weigh your options and make the choice that's best for your case.
If you believe that it is time for you to seek legal counsel regarding your experiences with Elmiron, get connected with a lawyer's team today. We can connect you with a mass tort lawyer in our network. If you are seeking more information about what the Elmiron lawsuit is, fill out a contact form on our website today to learn more.
While using, or after using Elmiron, did you/user develop any of the below eye problem injuries and seek medical attention for those problems?*
Maculopathy
Blurry or Dim Vision
Trouble seeing at night
Floaters or spots in your field of view
Have you or a loved one used Elmiron and was under 65 years of age when suffered injury?*
Do you or a loved one currently have a lawyer representing your Elmiron injury claim?*
By clicking the "SEE IF I QUALIFY" button above, you agree that you will be contacted by telephone, email SMS/Text Message (Data Rates May Apply), even if you are on a federal or state Do Not Call registry, to confirm the accuracy of the information you submit and verify if you qualify.
Do I Qualify for the Elmiron Vision Loss Lawsuit?
How Much Do Elmiron Lawsuits Cost?
What Is Elmiron?


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Q: Setting the Search Path... global setting in MacVim Noticed an interesting GUI based setting in MacVim, that seems useful but I can't seem to find any official word on what it does exactly.
It is located at Edit Menu > Global Settings > Search Path...
Once there a dialog drops down with the following:

"Enter search path for files"
Separate directory names with a comma.

.,/usr/include,,

From that editable line I get the clue that this appears to be a header search path. Something I would hope works with ctags, etc. But the setting I put in there don't seem to stick between open and closing just MacVim windows with out even quitting the MacVim Application.
Searing Vim help only really turns up new-search-path which I am not sure how to use or set if it is even related?
Is this what I think it is? The header search path. If yes then how do I set the path in my .vimrc or where needed so that the changes to it are persistent.
If this is not a header search path then what does it do?

A: I think you are right about its purpose, the setting is simply called path: its default value (:set path?) is .,/usr/include,, just as in your question.
You can use it to tell Vim to look for files in specific places.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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From week 11 horrifying week 8 on sunday nov
utworzone przez admin | Paź 16, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 komentarzy
On the opposite end from the Knicks and Lakers, fans of the Atlanta Hawks will spend, on average, only $162 per couple to attend a home game and stay overnight at a nearby hotel , the lowest average rate among all 30 teams.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Are you struggling with post-secondary employment options for yourself or your young adult child with Asperger's Syndrome (autism spectrum disorder), Nonverbal Learning Disorder or Attention Deficit Disorder? Are you seeking to understand why your son or daughter can't get or keep a job?
The social demands of job interviewing are intimidating for most of us, but especially nerve-wracking and confusing if you have Asperger's Syndrome (autism spectrum disorder), Nonverbal Learning Disorder or Attention Deficit Disorder. Active listening and appropriate responses are significantly challenged and greatly impacted during the hiring process, often resulting in a negative performance.
You can increase your chances of gaining employment, sustaining retention and earning financial independence by working with a job coach. Working one on one with a job coach can help you develop appropriate skills and strategies in the workplace with the support and tools you need to obtain and remain employed.
Our goal is to raise you to your highest potential of independence while ensuring you meet the expectations of your employer.


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Ireland: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
Published by Ian Tiseo, Oct 8, 2019
This bar chart shows the value of exports of inorganic chemicals to Ireland from the United Kingdom (UK), annually between 2012 and 2018. In 2018, the value of inorganic chemicals exported to Ireland reached 67.2 million U.S. dollars.
Value of exports of inorganic chemicals to Ireland from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2012 to 2018 (in 1,000 U.S. dollars)
Exports in thousand U.S. dollars
Based on Harmonised System 2012: 28 Inorganic chemicals; compounds of precious metals, rare-earth metals, etc.
Revenue of the leading chemical companies in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019
Net income of the leading chemical companies in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019
Number of enterprises in the UK chemicals manufacturing industry 2013-19, by turnover
Workforce of the leading chemical companies in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019
Statistics on "Chemical industry in the UK"
Number of chemical product manufacturing enterprises in the UK, by employment 2019
Local enterprise units in the UK chemicals manufacturing sector, by employees 2019
UK insolvencies: compulsory liquidations in the chemical sector 2012-2019
Turnover of the chemicals manufacturing industry in the UK 2008-2016
Production value of the chemical manufacturing industry in the UK 2008-2016
Wholesale of chemical products revenue in the United Kingdom 2010-2022
Number of employees in the chemical manufacturing industry in the UK 2008-2016
Number of chemical scientists in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2019
Personnel costs of the chemical manufacturing industry in the UK 2008-2016
English imports: chemicals 2011-2019
English exports: chemicals 2011-2019
Scottish imports: chemicals 2014-2019
Scottish exports: chemicals 2014-2019
Welsh imports: chemicals 2011-2019
Welsh exports: chemicals 2011-2019
Northern Irish imports: chemicals 2011-2019
Northern Irish exports: chemicals 2011-2019
Italy: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom 2012-2018
Switzerland: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
Poland: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
Japan: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom 2012-2018
Russia: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
Australia: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
India: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom 2012-2018
France: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
Netherlands: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
Finland: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
EU27: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
Portugal: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
Canada: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
Belgium: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
United States: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom 2012-18
Spain: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom 2012-2018
Germany: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
Sweden: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-18
Austria: export value of inorganic chemicals from the United Kingdom (UK) 2012-2018
Top chemical companies Chemical industry in the United States BASF DowDuPont
OECD. (May 3, 2019). Value of exports of inorganic chemicals to Ireland from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2012 to 2018 (in 1,000 U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 18, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/517696/ireland-export-value-of-inorganic-chemicals-from-the-uk/
OECD. "Value of exports of inorganic chemicals to Ireland from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2012 to 2018 (in 1,000 U.S. dollars)." Chart. May 3, 2019. Statista. Accessed January 18, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/517696/ireland-export-value-of-inorganic-chemicals-from-the-uk/
OECD. (2019). Value of exports of inorganic chemicals to Ireland from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2012 to 2018 (in 1,000 U.S. dollars). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 18, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/517696/ireland-export-value-of-inorganic-chemicals-from-the-uk/
OECD. "Value of Exports of Inorganic Chemicals to Ireland from The United Kingdom (Uk) from 2012 to 2018 (in 1,000 U.S. Dollars)." Statista, Statista Inc., 3 May 2019, https://www.statista.com/statistics/517696/ireland-export-value-of-inorganic-chemicals-from-the-uk/
OECD, Value of exports of inorganic chemicals to Ireland from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2012 to 2018 (in 1,000 U.S. dollars) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/517696/ireland-export-value-of-inorganic-chemicals-from-the-uk/ (last visited January 18, 2020)


For us, protecting the environment is a matter of honour, and cooperation with Tier1 Asset helps to make the environment greener and shows that you and your company take responsibility for the environment. We believe that green IT is common sense, and it doesn't cost anything to do a little extra for the environment. We are working on recycling as much of the equipment we receive as possible. This reduces the amount of electronic waste, and the environment is under less stress.
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Electronic waste is distinct from household waste in several ways. It contains dangerous substances that, when discarded, can create serious environmental problems unless properly treated. These are lead, cadmium, mercury, brominated flame retardant plastic and PBC – polychlorinated biphenyls. The environmental impact of incineration and disposal of electronic waste is far greater than from domestic waste. The growth of electronic waste is around 5% per year and is four times greater than that of household waste.
In the EU alone 8.7 million tons of electronic waste are produced each year, but only 2.1 million tons are collected and recycled in a controlled system. Nobody knows exactly what is happening with the remaining 75%. Evidence suggests that some of the waste ends up as an illegal flow of electronic waste from the West primarily to Africa and Asia, where local buyers are ready to purchase the waste to resell metals, such as iron and lead. Greenpeace Nordic has pointed out that electronic waste contains hazardous chemicals and should be handled with care, but the West passes along part of the problem to Africa and Asia anyway.
Current production worldwide is 100 million computers a year and more than a billion computers have been put on the market since the beginning of information technology in 1975. Constant renewal of the computer stock is necessary because the machinery and technology become obsolete so quickly. Production and consumption of electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing industries in the world.
There has also been a growing recognition of the problems arising in the wake of an expanding IT market – namely the increasing environmental pressure due to increasing energy consumption and problems with the increased amount of electronic waste.
– the production of a single PC requires 1.7 tons of raw materials and water?
– The international research company Gartner has estimated that IT, globally, contributing as much CO2 emissions as the entire airline industry, which is estimated to be responsible for two percent of the total CO2 emissions.


The following transcript of the Specialty Chat hosted on ParenthoodPlace.com chat area, are brought to our visitors as a convenience for those that missed the chat.
Tuesday, June 18th at 7 p.m. (Eastern), Note portions of the text have been edited for spelling and grammatical errors, while other text with errors was left in tact in the context of the chat.
Rebecca says, "Does anyone have a question for dorinne? Just type a "?" in the message line"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Yes, that would be great. I will know a little bit more as to how I can direct information to them."
Rebecca announces,Join us Welcoming Specialty Guest Host,Dorinne S. Davis, M.A, CCC-A, FAAA.President and Founder of The Davis Center for Hearing, Speech, & Learning, Inc. featured here in our talkAutism room starting now."
Rebecca says, "Its good to see you again Dorinne, Any new developments in the area you specialize in?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "The ear is the major sensory integrator of the body. Not only your hearing sense but also vestibular, taste, touch, sight have connections with the ear and the body's integration of those senses. When audition is processed, more than just particular sounds and language are being sent to the brain. Also, subtleties of sound impact us overall such as the pitch of someone's voice, the inflection of their voice and more"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "So, a child with autism often has over reactive sensory information or under reactive sensory information being processed. I look at auditory processing as more than just the audition of sound. Sound impacts our entire body."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "What is important to understand is that in order to process information, the neurological system must be sending processed information first to the brain and secondly back to the rest of the body. If the vibrational impact of this information is deficient, then the entire processed information is also off."
"For the autistic population, it is important to determine which sensory information is imbalanced and help improve it. If sound can stimulate the necessary sensory input, sound is an important starting place for each autistic person. The ear is fully developed by 4 and 1/2 months in utero so it is an important starting place when working with children in particular."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "If your muscles in your arm are weak and it is difficult for you to pick up something with your arm, you don't work on your legs. For the person with developmental issues that include sensory stimulation, if the therapist wants to develop speech and language, it is important to begin at the beginning of auditory developmental skills. Trying to get the child to say words may not always be the most appropriate beginning spot."
Ron Oberleit says, "What development issues seen with autism can be helped?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "For example, if a child is unaware that sound is important, trying to get them to say a word for something is only a drop in the bucket if we want to develop overall language skills. Getting the child aware of the importance of sound comes first. Depending upon the skill level determined by evaluation, some children simply need to be stimulated that sound is present. Noticing speech sounds comes after that."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "As for the developmental issues that can help the autistic population with sound therapies, there are many. I will list some of them but as we go along we will probably talk about more. First because of the semicircular canals in the ear, vestibular, movement, proprioceptive connectedness to others, social relationships, emotional relatedness to others, understanding of self, oral motor stimulation, understanding what the articulators are, i.e that the tongue is supposed to move to the top of the mouth for some sounds and against the teeth for others, as ex."
"Also, that through the cochlea, specific sounds are important to try to imitate for speech, words, and sentences and that these speech sounds have meaning. That what a person says is not just from the words that are said but also the rhythm, inflection, and pitch of their voice that information is received."
Ron Oberleit says, "do dev. therapists note dramatic changes after your sound therapy? How do you gauge the changes developmentally?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "For example, if as parents, you say 'no' to your child, that 'no' may mean 'be careful', or 'definitely stop what you are doing'" "The developmental therapists that I work with have definitely noticed change after sound therapy. However, it is very important to understand that there is an order that is necessary for the change to occur. Everything in my office is done through various evaluations."
Ron Oberleit says, "Do you do the development evals?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "For example, I have developed my "Tree of Sound Enhancement Therapy". This tree takes a look at one's sense of hearing, auditory processing issues, specific auditory processing skills, and how well the body can maintain changes."
"My evaluations are based upon these four areas. If we talk about the'sense of hearing', then audiometric information must be tested. How well does the person hear. Typically audiologists are training to look for hearing loss. I tend to look additionally for better than normal hearing."
"For the auditory processing of information, the skills of the client are important. For ex. if the person has speech and language and is over 5, I may suggest a Central Auditory Processing Evaluation. However, if the person is non verbal or we know that some form of therapy is needed, I may do what is called a Listening Test or another specific auditory processing skill test."
"When I am looking only at that auditory processing skill level, I will test with specific tests to evaluation the specific skills such as auditory discrimination, memory, sequencing , etc. In some cases, some of the clients I see are not ready for the standardized tests so I have put together my own test battery.""When looking at how well the body can maintain any changes that the body needs I work towards two ways of accomplishing this: both through the voice. Many young autistic children do not have good control of their voice and I may not be able to get them that far right away. We work towards that end. I either work on using the voice to stabilize themselves or use the voice to determine issues to set up sounds from the outside by listening."
Moderator says, " Momm001 you have a question"
Momm001 says, "does AIT help with auditory processing issues and if not does it help with sound clarification??"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "As for the answer to AIT helping with auditory processing issues. Yes, and no, so let me explain.""First, in my research, yet unpublished, I have found that AIT really works on retraining a muscle in the middle ear that helps control loudness input to the ear. So if AIT retrains how sound enters the ear and then to the brain, it makes sense that it may work on auditory processing. If sound is clearer, it may be easier to process. However, many autistic people need more developing of auditory processing skills so in some cases additional therapies may be needed.""Auditory processing is very complex. Sometimes, auditory processing involves the integration of overall sensory stimulation and AIT only begins to work on this. The Tomatis Method works more consistently on auditory processing skills overall"
Momm001 says, "So Dorinne, if we continue with speech therapy and use ait that would be best?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "That depends. Speech therapy can take a long time if the oral motor apparatus (the mouth and its articulators) is not stimulated sufficiently and if the brain is not triggered sufficiently for language to develop. Dr. Tomatis discovered that the voice produces what the ear hears and his method is very heavily involved with the voice. The voice is the stabilizer. AIT in my opinion only works on setting up the ear to hear correctly. Tomatis works on making the voice, ear, and brain connections stabilized."
Moderator says, "Hope4Jerod you have a question"
Hope4Jerod says, "My child age 3 rec'd AIT a year ago, with no obvious improvements. No auditory testing was performed before AIT to check for certain frequency sensitivities, because he could not cooperate for the tests. I am wondering if you feel that AIT can be effective when done "generally" without using specific frequency adjustments according to audiogram results? I'd like to try AIT again, and thank you. By the way he has super sensitive hearing and ABR's have confirmed no hearing loss."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Also, Whether AIT and Speech is sufficient, depends upon your child's needs. You only need AIT if sound sensitivities are an issue or is you want to stimulate the brain further as an enhancement."
Momm001 says, "oh, so if they have no speech or lateen speech then we need to work on the words to get the whole picture connected?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "When I hear that a child had no noticeable improvement with AIT, I always look at what your goals were. In my office, we typically look at AIT as working on change with an audiogram. "Generic AIT" as you mentioned, certainly may not have hurt your child but simply prepared him for further development with auditory processing. Another round of AIT may be helpful or you may want to consider Tomatis. I find this method brings more change for speech and language. Only testing will determine what is needed."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Getting the child to recognize their voice is an important part of their growth. Some have difficulty with this because they process speech too quickly or slowly, or process speech more quickly with bone conduction vibration versus the typical way that we hear sound which is down the ear canal."
Hope4Jerod says, "Could you do a quick comparison of AIT to Tomatis as far as how they differ? Thanks."
Monik says, "We did the Berard form of AIT and saw phenomenal results. It has only been 2 months. We got prepositions and pronouns and quieter, calmer behavior. Now, we want to go further, do you recommend earobics, fast forWord what?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Certainly. From my research, I have determined that AIT works on your 'sense of hearing', i.e.. the physical input of sound via the ear and cochlea. The Tomatis Method works on overall auditory processing of information because it has three components that are essential for this: filtered and gated music, bone conduction stimulation, and active voice work."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "I'm pleased that you got good results with AIT. Your child's ear pathway opened. Next, I suggest Tomatis because it gives the foundation for so much sensory information, but mostly auditory. To find someone in your area, go to www.tomatis.com for someone near you."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "I have found that Fast ForWord works on specific auditory processing skills, i.e.. temporal sequencing. This skill is very important for clarity of speech comprehension. For some children this is the next step. However, a foundation is often needed to make the skills be useful."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Earobics is a great program that works on many auditory processing skills. It's simple and easy to follow and is a great program for home and school carryover."
"Another computer program that is simpler and more basic than Earobics is 'Away We Go' by Scientific Learning. You can go to their website and find out about that program.""Each autistic child is unique and although they may have a similar umbrella classification, I find that each one's issues must be determined through an evaluation. The four areas I mentioned, hearing, general auditory processing, specific auditory processing, and over all support of changes is important in testing."
Moderator says, "Momm001 please go ahead"
Momm001 says, "Explain the Tree of Enhancement therapies"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "The Tree of Sound Enhancement Therapies if based upon the root system, the trunk of the tree, the leaves and branches of the tree, and overall tree support. In other words, the 'hearing aspect' is the root system, the general auditory processing is the trunk, and specific auditory processing skills are the leaves and branches, and overall body support is what can be done to make sure the changes received through other therapies will be maintained. I will go on.""The Root System relates therapy wise to AIT because it is the only therapy that I have found that retrains one's 'sense of hearing' by retraining the acoustic reflex muscle in the middle ear. Once hearing is okay, then the trunk therapy is the Tomatis Method because of all the sensory integration that it stimulates. This information is necessary for overall development. I can discuss more about Tomatis in a minute. The leaves and branches are specific therapies such as Fast ForWord and Earobics. However, upper trunk and lower leaves and branches may be therapies such as Interactive Metronome and LiFT or DLS."
"The overall body support is accomplished through the voice--either from learning to use the voice effectively or by using the science of BioAcoustics to identify issues in imbalance in the body, presenting a complement or supplement sound so that the body can stabilize itself.""Which of these would you like more clarity on?"
Momm001 says, "I guess the tomatis and Earobics (since we are considering Samonas?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "By the way, this Tree of Sound Enhancement Therapy is the basis for my upcoming book called "Sound Bodies through Sound Therapy" which should be available in Jan 2003"
Ron Oberleit says, "I'd like to know how bioacoustics is used, and how specifically it works"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "First let me mention Samonas. Ingo Steinbach developed Samonas based upon Dr. Tomatis' research. Instead of making it specific for each individual, which he did do originally, he chose to make generic CD's for listening. Most of them have high frequency information and for some autistic children the high frequency information is difficult for them to process initially. I find Samonas helpful once I have stabilized how the person uses bone conduction stimulation. This therapy is very different from Tomatis because Tomatis incorporates specifics instead of generics. Earobics looks at something totally different in that it helps develop specific skills, not stimulate the body overall."
Momm001 says, "Thank you for that clarification."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "BioAcoustics is the counterpart of the Tomatis Method in that if the voice produces what the ear hears, and there is a voice-ear-brain connection that was recognized in 1957 by the Academy of Science, then newer research has also demonstrated that there is a further connection."
Ron Oberleit says, "how does one apply bioacoustics?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Not only does the ear hear sound but the ear gives off or emits a sound. It is called an otoacoustic emission. This is something we all have but don't often recognize. If the ear gives off a sound and there is a sound emitted with the voice, we again have a voice ear brain connection. So we capture the voice's frequencies in a voice print, do a voice spectral analysis, and determine issues that are imbalanced in the body. Then provide a sound complement or supplement for the person and they listen to the necessary sound to support their own body system."
Momm001 says, "does all this work with tubes in their ears??Since the membrane has been "opened" with a tube?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "For example, with our autistic population, we are identify certain similarities of biochemical issues that appear to be either not utilized in one's body chemistry or something that may need to be detoxed. It is a complicated science but an exciting one for the future of autism. We need to get grants to help work on the specifics but the Davis Centers research is looking at many different autistic children and what their issues are."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Can it work with tubes.Well, tubes are placed in the eardrum because the middle ear needs ventilation to remain healthy. These tubes are placed in a place that cause the least damage to vibration of sound information., The only therapy where tubes may be an issue is with AIT because it is working on the 'sense of hearing'. When I test for AIT I always mention tubes and let the person know that if tubes are present, then AIT may need to be redone at a later time. One of my specialties are with middle ear infections (two books published) so for me tubes are an important consideration when planning a person's therapy plan."
Moderator says, "go ahead momm"
Momm001 says, "since sound has been associated with behavior and sensory issues can you explain how this all works?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "When one takes in the environment appropriately, one feels good about themselves. When the world is distorted, then the 'self' can feel distorted. This distortion can be seen as behavioral or with sensory issues. For a child who behaviorally is all over the place, they are typically simply searching for a way to connect with the outside world. For example, in my office yesterday, I saw a young man that was chewing on a long piece of fabric that he carries with him. When not chewing on it, he was flinging it around hitting everything in site. Or he would bang the wall, hit the windows, pull on the window shades, or jump around searching for input for a connection with the world around him. When I played specific sounds, he responded very well. He always knew when he was being talked about and when I confronted him, he stopped, came literally up to my face and smiled. He wanted to be recognized for what her could do. Emotionally we process sound by going through the limbic syst"
"Sensory stimulation is an issue because of weak responses through the semi circular canals of the ear. This part of the ear has hair cells similar to the cochlea which is your 'sound picker-upper' and so will the semi circular canals will pick up sensory information and send it to the brain. If this center is receiving distorted or underactive or over active stimulation, the person will have many sensory issues such as needing or craving sensory stimulation through swinging, jumping, movement, or through sensory stimulation with oral motor stimulation--drooling, chewing, grinding teeth, etc."
"In order to allow proper balance between sensory stimulation overall and auditory information, both parts of the ear must be stimulated. The Tomatis Method does this the best."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Did this help?"
Momm001 says, "yes, Question 2: My son had ninety percent fluid in both ears from 15m to 38 m before tubes - his language greatly delayed. I ask does he now need to relearn what he hears. Most of his language has begun since tubes but he has to watch my face for the correct way to say the word. How do I help him?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "This is a lot of infections. Thanks for the ages because that is important. Yes, your son must relearn how he hears sound. It has been said that a person with an actual hearing loss is better able to learn language than a child with an ear infection because the person with the hearing loss has a continuous sound input for the brain to recognize and learn words. However, the child with fluctuating middle ear infections hears sound one way one day and another way the next day, thereby creating mixed messages in the brain. So typically I do what I call a Diagnostic Evaluation for Therapy Protocol that determines is hearing is still an issue (over responses from the middle ear muscles) or if processing is an issue. By the way, if a child has 5 or more ear infections before age 2, they are prone for learning disabilities or if they have 5 or more before age 5. The learning issues are just different/t"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "I suggest either AIT or Tomatis. You would be best served by having his hearing tested, especially his middle ear muscles."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Next ?"
Momm001 says, "They said they can;'t test anything because of the tubes what do I ask for in testing?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "How old is he now?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "You need to find someone who can do behavioral or pediatric audiometry and just get a good hearing test. If no issues are present, then try to have a Tomatis assessment. Again, you can find someone through www.tomatis.com"
Momm001 says, "I have one more if no one else does"
Moderator says, "Dorinne, the other night on TV I saw a special about a young man who had autism and had a wonderful ability to paint .."
Moderator says, " Monika please ask"
Monika says, "What are the costs for the Tomatis method and how long does it take?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Of course, the cost depends upon where you are in the US. The north east will be more costly than the Midwest. Each center is an independent center and so will charge what they need to cover their costs. As for how long the method takes. The basic Tomatis Method consists of two sets of 15 days of listening separated by 1 month. It is also possible to do 15 days, 8 days, and 7 days as a set. This is determined by the initial assessment. For the autistic population, I always say that the child will most likely need a third set of 15 days if we need to develop speech and language. In some cases, continuation programs of 8,7, or 5 days are needed spaced out over a period of months, or years. Again the assessments determine the length of the programs."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Was this helpful? Anything further ."
Momm001 says, "As an expert in the middle ear I have a question - A lot of autistic children experience dizziness from their vestibular systems for no apparent reason - many without fluid do you know why this might be? is it just an oversensativity or a ear/brain connection or some other thought?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "The vestibular portion of the ear works with the same fluid that is in the cochlea separated by a membrane. This fluid triggers responses in the brain. The dizziness comes from the cells being over or under stimulated with little chance to calm down. Some children crave swinging and others loathe it. I know I am making change when the parents report that these cravings change."
"This portion of the ear is important to overall development of speech and language, believe it or not, because Dr. Tomatis felt that speech and language will only come when the rudimentary vestibular sensations are stabilized."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Any other questions?"
Momm001 says, "ok I have one more"
Momm001 says, "in tomas you prefer this version but could you break down the components again for us so that we understand Tomas better And will the tomatis web site give more info?"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "It's not that I prefer Tomatis, by the way, I only use it when it is necessary as demonstrated with testing. Some people can easily start with some of the 'leaves and branches' therapies. As for the Tomatis--it is comprised of a number of very important things. 1) all specially chosen music is played through the Electronic Ear machine that Dr. Tomatis designed, 2) each person has an individually designed program of listening, 3) the important parts of the program have to do with air conduction vibration of sound, bone conduction vibration of sound, filtered and gated music, a delay of sound between air and bone conduction of sound, emphasis of developing a 'right ear' lead for listening, incorporating active voice work for the full effect of the method."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "The Tomatis website does provide some good information about the method. Do you need more info?"
Hope4Jerod says, "Question: you said "Speech and language will only come when the rudimentary vestibular sensations are stabilized"....And the best way to achieve this achieve this, do you believe is Tomatis? I just looked it up and there is no Tomatis person in my area. Just AIT. I am the one whose 3 yr old had no major change from AIT. He tries so very, very hard to say things, but his "jargon" is no better, and in fact worse, than before his regression. As a baby his words were much clearer. Any further suggestions ?"
Momm001 says, "That helped thank you."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Certainly having an OT that works on sensory integration will be helpful with a combination of AIT. You can also look for information about LiFT or Listening Fitness Trainers in your area. Try searching for LiFT on a search engine. Or look for Developmental Listening System (DLS). These are spin offs of Tomatis that are helpful. Also, if traveling for Tomatis is not too far from your home, it may be worth the trip for you."
Dorinne S. Davis says, "If there are no more questions, perhaps we can wind down. I appreciate everyone's questions and thank you for allowing me to assist."
Hope4Jerod says, "Thank you for your help!"
Moderator says, "Thank you for sharing this time with us we look forward to doing it again soon"
Momm001 says, "Thank you Dorinne.. Moderator tell us again how we can get a copy of this for our files and therapist?"
Moderator says, "it will be on the boards after it is transcribed"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "I am always available for email questions if needed. My assistant gets those at info@thedaviscenter.com"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Thanks and everyone have a good evening."
Moderator says, "thank you again Dorinne"
Rebecca says, "Links will be in the TA boards"
Rebecca says, "and in the Live Chat area"
Rebecca says, "Thank you for returning Dorinne, it was a pleasure having you back"
Dorinne S. Davis says, "Thanks. Keep in touch. All the best"


Did you know that collectibles, and even country-club memberships qualify for long-term capital-gains rates? Here's a guide.
IF YOU'RE A stock and mutual-fund investor, then you probably know that investments held for more than a year are subject to lower tax rates as long-term capital gains. Generally speaking, if you're in the 28% tax bracket or higher, you will owe no more than 20% of your profits to the Internal Revenue Service.
But what you might not realize is that much more than just stock and mutual-fund shares are eligible for favorable capital-gains tax treatment. So if you sold, say, your vacation time share or your country-club membership, then you just might be pleasantly surprised to discover you'll owe just 20% on the gain (assuming, as always, that you held the asset for more than a year).


text:
package cloudflare

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

const (
	// ListTypeIP specifies a list containing IP addresses.
	ListTypeIP = "ip"
	// ListTypeRedirect specifies a list containing redirects.
	ListTypeRedirect = "redirect"
)

// ListBulkOperation contains information about a Bulk Operation.
type ListBulkOperation struct {
	ID        string     `json:"id"`
	Status    string     `json:"status"`
	Error     string     `json:"error"`
	Completed *time.Time `json:"completed"`
}

// List contains information about a List.
type List struct {
	ID                    string     `json:"id"`
	Name                  string     `json:"name"`
	Description           string     `json:"description"`
	Kind                  string     `json:"kind"`
	NumItems              int        `json:"num_items"`
	NumReferencingFilters int        `json:"num_referencing_filters"`
	CreatedOn             *time.Time `json:"created_on"`
	ModifiedOn            *time.Time `json:"modified_on"`
}

// Redirect represents a redirect item in a List.
type Redirect struct {
	SourceUrl           string `json:"source_url"`
	IncludeSubdomains   *bool  `json:"include_subdomains,omitempty"`
	TargetUrl           string `json:"target_url"`
	StatusCode          *int   `json:"status_code,omitempty"`
	PreserveQueryString *bool  `json:"preserve_query_string,omitempty"`
	SubpathMatching     *bool  `json:"subpath_matching,omitempty"`
	PreservePathSuffix  *bool  `json:"preserve_path_suffix,omitempty"`
}

// ListItem contains information about a single List Item.
type ListItem struct {
	ID         string     `json:"id"`
	IP         *string    `json:"ip,omitempty"`
	Redirect   *Redirect  `json:"redirect,omitempty"`
	Comment    string     `json:"comment"`
	CreatedOn  *time.Time `json:"created_on"`
	ModifiedOn *time.Time `json:"modified_on"`
}

// ListCreateRequest contains data for a new List.
type ListCreateRequest struct {
	Name        string `json:"name"`
	Description string `json:"description"`
	Kind        string `json:"kind"`
}

// ListItemCreateRequest contains data for a new List Item.
type ListItemCreateRequest struct {
	IP       *string   `json:"ip,omitempty"`
	Redirect *Redirect `json:"redirect,omitempty"`
	Comment  string    `json:"comment"`
}

// ListItemDeleteRequest wraps List Items that shall be deleted.
type ListItemDeleteRequest struct {
	Items []ListItemDeleteItemRequest `json:"items"`
}

// ListItemDeleteItemRequest contains single List Items that shall be deleted.
type ListItemDeleteItemRequest struct {
	ID string `json:"id"`
}

// ListUpdateRequest contains data for a List update.
type ListUpdateRequest struct {
	Description string `json:"description"`
}

// ListResponse contains a single List.
type ListResponse struct {
	Response
	Result List `json:"result"`
}

// ListItemCreateResponse contains information about the creation of a List Item.
type ListItemCreateResponse struct {
	Response
	Result struct {
		OperationID string `json:"operation_id"`
	} `json:"result"`
}

// ListListResponse contains a slice of Lists.
type ListListResponse struct {
	Response
	Result []List `json:"result"`
}

// ListBulkOperationResponse contains information about a Bulk Operation.
type ListBulkOperationResponse struct {
	Response
	Result ListBulkOperation `json:"result"`
}

// ListDeleteResponse contains information about the deletion of a List.
type ListDeleteResponse struct {
	Response
	Result struct {
		ID string `json:"id"`
	} `json:"result"`
}

// ListItemsListResponse contains information about List Items.
type ListItemsListResponse struct {
	Response
	ResultInfo `json:"result_info"`
	Result     []ListItem `json:"result"`
}

// ListItemDeleteResponse contains information about the deletion of a List Item.
type ListItemDeleteResponse struct {
	Response
	Result struct {
		OperationID string `json:"operation_id"`
	} `json:"result"`
}

// ListItemsGetResponse contains information about a single List Item.
type ListItemsGetResponse struct {
	Response
	Result ListItem `json:"result"`
}

type ListListsParams struct {
}

type ListCreateParams struct {
	Name        string
	Description string
	Kind        string
}

type ListGetParams struct {
	ID string
}

type ListUpdateParams struct {
	ID          string
	Description string
}

type ListDeleteParams struct {
	ID string
}

type ListListItemsParams struct {
	ID string
}

type ListCreateItemsParams struct {
	ID    string
	Items []ListItemCreateRequest
}

type ListCreateItemParams struct {
	ID   string
	Item ListItemCreateRequest
}

type ListReplaceItemsParams struct {
	ID    string
	Items []ListItemCreateRequest
}

type ListDeleteItemsParams struct {
	ID    string
	Items ListItemDeleteRequest
}

type ListGetItemParams struct {
	ListID string
	ID     string
}

type ListGetBulkOperationParams struct {
	ID string
}

// ListLists lists all Lists.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-list-lists
func (api *API) ListLists(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListListsParams) ([]List, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return []List{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists", rc.Identifier)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, uri, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return []List{}, err
	}

	result := ListListResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return []List{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result.Result, nil
}

// CreateList creates a new List.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-create-list
func (api *API) CreateList(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListCreateParams) (List, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return List{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists", rc.Identifier)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, uri, ListCreateRequest{Name: params.Name, Description: params.Description, Kind: params.Kind})
	if err != nil {
		return List{}, err
	}

	result := ListResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return List{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result.Result, nil
}

// GetList returns a single List.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-get-list
func (api *API) GetList(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, listID string) (List, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return List{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if listID == "" {
		return List{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s", rc.Identifier, listID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, uri, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return List{}, err
	}

	result := ListResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return List{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result.Result, nil
}

// UpdateList updates the description of an existing List.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-update-list
func (api *API) UpdateList(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListUpdateParams) (List, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return List{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if params.ID == "" {
		return List{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s", rc.Identifier, params.ID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodPut, uri, ListUpdateRequest{Description: params.Description})
	if err != nil {
		return List{}, err
	}

	result := ListResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return List{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result.Result, nil
}

// DeleteList deletes a List.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-delete-list
func (api *API) DeleteList(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, listID string) (ListDeleteResponse, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListDeleteResponse{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if listID == "" {
		return ListDeleteResponse{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s", rc.Identifier, listID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodDelete, uri, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return ListDeleteResponse{}, err
	}

	result := ListDeleteResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListDeleteResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result, nil
}

// ListListItems returns a list with all items in a List.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-list-list-items
func (api *API) ListListItems(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListListItemsParams) ([]ListItem, error) {
	var list []ListItem
	var cursor string
	var cursorQuery string

	for {
		if len(cursor) > 0 {
			cursorQuery = fmt.Sprintf("?cursor=%s", cursor)
		}
		uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s/items%s", rc.Identifier, params.ID, cursorQuery)
		res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, uri, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return []ListItem{}, err
		}

		result := ListItemsListResponse{}
		if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
			return []ListItem{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
		}

		list = append(list, result.Result...)
		if cursor = result.ResultInfo.Cursors.After; cursor == "" {
			break
		}
	}

	return list, nil
}

// CreateListItemAsync creates a new List Item asynchronously. Users have to poll the operation status by
// using the operation_id returned by this function.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-create-list-items
func (api *API) CreateListItemAsync(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListCreateItemParams) (ListItemCreateResponse, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if params.ID == "" {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s/items", rc.Identifier, params.ID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, uri, []ListItemCreateRequest{params.Item})
	if err != nil {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, err
	}

	result := ListItemCreateResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result, nil
}

// CreateListItem creates a new List Item synchronously and returns the current set of List Items.
func (api *API) CreateListItem(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListCreateItemParams) ([]ListItem, error) {
	result, err := api.CreateListItemAsync(ctx, rc, params)

	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	err = api.pollListBulkOperation(ctx, rc, result.Result.OperationID)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	return api.ListListItems(ctx, rc, ListListItemsParams{ID: params.ID})
}

// CreateListItemsAsync bulk creates multiple List Items asynchronously. Users
// have to poll the operation status by using the operation_id returned by this
// function.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-create-list-items
func (api *API) CreateListItemsAsync(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListCreateItemsParams) (ListItemCreateResponse, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if params.ID == "" {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s/items", rc.Identifier, params.ID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, uri, params.Items)
	if err != nil {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, err
	}

	result := ListItemCreateResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result, nil
}

// CreateListItems bulk creates multiple List Items synchronously and returns
// the current set of List Items.
func (api *API) CreateListItems(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListCreateItemsParams) ([]ListItem, error) {
	result, err := api.CreateListItemsAsync(ctx, rc, params)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	err = api.pollListBulkOperation(ctx, rc, result.Result.OperationID)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	return api.ListListItems(ctx, rc, ListListItemsParams{ID: params.ID})
}

// ReplaceListItemsAsync replaces all List Items asynchronously. Users have to
// poll the operation status by using the operation_id returned by this
// function.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-replace-list-items
func (api *API) ReplaceListItemsAsync(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListReplaceItemsParams) (ListItemCreateResponse, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if params.ID == "" {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s/items", rc.Identifier, params.ID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodPut, uri, params.Items)
	if err != nil {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, err
	}

	result := ListItemCreateResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListItemCreateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result, nil
}

// ReplaceListItems replaces all List Items synchronously and returns the
// current set of List Items.
func (api *API) ReplaceListItems(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListReplaceItemsParams) (
	[]ListItem, error) {
	result, err := api.ReplaceListItemsAsync(ctx, rc, params)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	err = api.pollListBulkOperation(ctx, rc, result.Result.OperationID)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	return api.ListListItems(ctx, rc, ListListItemsParams{ID: params.ID})
}

// DeleteListItemsAsync removes specific Items of a List by their ID
// asynchronously. Users have to poll the operation status by using the
// operation_id returned by this function.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-delete-list-items
func (api *API) DeleteListItemsAsync(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListDeleteItemsParams) (ListItemDeleteResponse, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListItemDeleteResponse{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if params.ID == "" {
		return ListItemDeleteResponse{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s/items", rc.Identifier, params.ID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodDelete, uri, params.Items)
	if err != nil {
		return ListItemDeleteResponse{}, err
	}

	result := ListItemDeleteResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListItemDeleteResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result, nil
}

// DeleteListItems removes specific Items of a List by their ID synchronously
// and returns the current set of List Items.
func (api *API) DeleteListItems(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, params ListDeleteItemsParams) ([]ListItem, error) {
	result, err := api.DeleteListItemsAsync(ctx, rc, params)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	err = api.pollListBulkOperation(ctx, rc, result.Result.OperationID)
	if err != nil {
		return []ListItem{}, err
	}

	return api.ListListItems(ctx, AccountIdentifier(rc.Identifier), ListListItemsParams{ID: params.ID})
}

// GetListItem returns a single List Item.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-get-list-item
func (api *API) GetListItem(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, listID, itemID string) (ListItem, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListItem{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if listID == "" {
		return ListItem{}, ErrMissingListID
	}

	if itemID == "" {
		return ListItem{}, ErrMissingResourceIdentifier
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/%s/items/%s", rc.Identifier, listID, itemID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, uri, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return ListItem{}, err
	}

	result := ListItemsGetResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListItem{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result.Result, nil
}

// GetListBulkOperation returns the status of a bulk operation.
//
// API reference: https://api.cloudflare.com/#rules-lists-get-bulk-operation
func (api *API) GetListBulkOperation(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, ID string) (ListBulkOperation, error) {
	if rc.Identifier == "" {
		return ListBulkOperation{}, ErrMissingAccountID
	}

	if ID == "" {
		return ListBulkOperation{}, ErrMissingResourceIdentifier
	}

	uri := fmt.Sprintf("/accounts/%s/rules/lists/bulk_operations/%s", rc.Identifier, ID)
	res, err := api.makeRequestContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, uri, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return ListBulkOperation{}, err
	}

	result := ListBulkOperationResponse{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(res, &result); err != nil {
		return ListBulkOperation{}, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", errUnmarshalError, err)
	}

	return result.Result, nil
}

// pollListBulkOperation implements synchronous behaviour for some asynchronous
// endpoints. bulk-operation status can be either pending, running, failed or
// completed.
func (api *API) pollListBulkOperation(ctx context.Context, rc *ResourceContainer, ID string) error {
	for i := uint8(0); i < 16; i++ {
		sleepDuration := 1 << (i / 2) * time.Second
		select {
		case <-time.After(sleepDuration):
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return fmt.Errorf("operation aborted during backoff: %w", ctx.Err())
		}

		bulkResult, err := api.GetListBulkOperation(ctx, rc, ID)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		switch bulkResult.Status {
		case "failed":
			return errors.New(bulkResult.Error)
		case "pending", "running":
			continue
		case "completed":
			return nil
		default:
			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %s", errOperationUnexpectedStatus, bulkResult.Status)
		}
	}

	return errors.New(errOperationStillRunning)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


From April 27-29, the Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung—New York Office will co-host a gathering of the International Rosa Luxemburg Society, which since 1980 has served as a foremost platform of exchange and intellectual production around Rosa Luxemburg's body of work and her political and academic legacy.
This year's gathering, titled "Rosa Luxemburg and Her Ideas: Engaging the Left and Impacting the World," will take place at the historic UE Hall in Chicago, Illinois. Beginning on Friday at 9am and continuing until 1pm on Sunday, this conference will be bursting with brilliant scholars and activists who are wrestling with Rosa's ideas and their importance to the current political and economic conjuncture.
This conference is free and open to the public, and we welcome you to come to the UE Hall at 37 South Ashland Avenue to join in on the discussion. And in case you want to brush up on your Rosa Luxemburg in the meantime, check out our excellent Rosa Remix book published in 2016. We look forward to seeing you there!
6:05pm-8:00pm International Plenary: Chances for Socialist Solutions of Current World Problems?


It's well known and accepted that the transport and logistics industry is a significant contributor to global economic performance and much of our quality of life depends on the ability to trade and transport goods and services across the globe. The trade off however is that all this activity equates to being a significant contributor to global greenhouse gases, environmental degradation and climate change overall. With global population increasing rapidly, black swan events becoming more frequent and the economies of developing countries growing, the current situation will only worsen unless the industry is prepared to make some dramatic shifts away from the current business as usual. As a result, there is a call and growing need for organisations to transform and integrate environmentally and socially sound choices into their supply chains, strengthen their social licence to operate and stakeholder value, and position the organisation on a more sustainable and resilient footing towards long-term prosperity.
act as a point of contact on related matters for CILTA members.
The sector will aim to meet once every quarter. Actual location, telecon media, dates and times will be confirmed once the composition of the sector's committee is finalised.
Sector Lead will provide a monthly newsletter/ update to be uploaded on the Sector's page on the CILTA website.
Annual review of Sector's terms of reference.
To continually liaise with the CILTA CEO and National Council on the sector's direction, value, focus and event funding for the benefit of members.


text:
module Fckeditor
  module Helper
    def fckeditor_textarea_tag(name, value='', options={})
      options[:id] ||= name
      cols = options[:cols].nil? ? '' : "cols='"+options[:cols]+"'"
      rows = options[:rows].nil? ? '' : "rows='"+options[:rows]+"'"

      width = options[:width].nil? ? '100%' : options[:width]
      height = options[:height].nil? ? '100%' : options[:height]

      toolbarSet = options[:toolbarSet].nil? ? 'Default' : options[:toolbarSet]

      if options[:ajax]
        inputs = "<input type='hidden' id='#{options[:id]}_hidden' name='#{name}'>\n" <<
                 "<textarea class='#{options[:className]}' id='#{options[:id]}' #{cols} #{rows} name='#{options[:id]}'>#{value}</textarea>\n"
      else
        inputs = "<textarea class='#{options[:className]}' id='#{options[:id]}' #{cols} #{rows} name='#{name}'>#{value}</textarea>\n"
      end

      js_path = "#{ActionController::Base.relative_url_root}/javascripts"
      base_path = "#{js_path}/fckeditor/"
      return inputs <<
        javascript_tag("jQuery(document).ready(function(){ var oFCKeditor = new FCKeditor('#{options[:id]}', '#{width}', '#{height}', '#{toolbarSet}');\n" <<
                       "oFCKeditor.BasePath = \"#{base_path}\"\n" <<
                       "oFCKeditor.Config['CustomConfigurationsPath'] = '#{js_path}/fckcustom.js';\n" <<
                       "oFCKeditor.ReplaceTextarea(); });\n")
    end
  end
end


text:
"Are you a doctor?" The unchecked racism faced by physicians of color.
I'm a medical student. Here's how we're trained to deal with racism.
By Vidya Viswanathan Updated Jan 7, 2019, 9:26am EST
Share All sharing options for: "Are you a doctor?" The unchecked racism faced by physicians of color.
First-person essays and interviews with unique perspectives on complicated issues.
Dr. Tamika Cross made national headlines two years ago when flight attendants on a Delta flight from Detroit to Minneapolis didn't believe she was a doctor after she responded to their call for a physician to help a passenger having a medical crisis. They demanded her medical credentials and asked her if she was an "actual physician." As a female black physician, she was barred from helping a fellow passenger in need.
Miles away, Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford read about it, and as another black female physician, she thought about how, if this happened to her on a flight, she could try to prepare. She tucked her medical license into her wallet and started carrying it around with her.
It's not common for doctors to carry their medical license in their wallets. But even when Stanford presented her card on a recent Delta flight from Indianapolis to Boston, flight attendants repeatedly questioned her credentials when she began helping a passenger near her who was having a panic attack, the New York Times reported. "Are you a head doctor?" asked one flight attendant. "So is this your medical license?" asked another.
For Stanford, being an obesity medicine specialist at top academic medical institutions including Harvard Medical School wasn't enough to convince a flight attendant that she was qualified enough to help a passenger.
(According to Delta Airlines, the flight attendants were employees of Republic Airline, a Delta Connection carrier. Delta company spokesperson Anthony Black told me: "We thank Dr. Stanford for her medical assistance onboard Republic flight 5935 IND-BOS, and are sorry for any misunderstanding that may have occurred during her exchange with their in-flight crew." Jon Austin, a spokesperson for Republic Airline, said: "Delta changed its policy for providing medical credentials in 2016, and we are working with all of our connection partners to ensure their changes and actions align with ours.")
This sort of treatment isn't new for Stanford. Since childhood, she had been asked if she wanted to be a nurse instead of a doctor, and throughout medical training, she was subjected to various microaggressions. In medical school, her neighbor couldn't believe that she, a black woman in a largely white neighborhood, was studying to become a doctor. When the neighbor saw her at a fast-food restaurant later that year, she assumed Stanford had dropped out of medical school to work there. In residency, while Stanford was attending to a mother and her newborn, the mother continued to tell the nurse that she had not seen a doctor, even in front of Stanford, who — wearing a white coat and physician badge — had repeatedly told her she was her doctor.
"In most situations, I do try to keep a license with me because I think there are different reasons people think I don't look the part," Stanford told me in an interview. "I will be 40 on my birthday but somehow people think I'm 20-something, and then I'm black and I'm also a woman, so I think that combination, that trifecta, doesn't play out well."
Stanford's story is commonplace for physicians of color — especially women and underrepresented minorities. As a fourth-year medical student, I see this bias frequently. Though so much effort goes into our medical training, I believe institutions and medical education organizations should also prioritize creating a hospital environment where perpetuating discrimination against either physicians or patients is not acceptable. Otherwise, bias against minority physicians will continue to harm the well-being of both doctors and patients.
How medical school prepares students for racism and sexism
When I was a first-year medical student, we had a class to introduce us to interacting with patients called "Introduction to Clinical Medicine." One by one, each of us would talk to an actor pretending to be a patient in front of our small group, and the other five students and one faculty preceptor would observe and provide feedback at the end. During one such session, the "patient" lobbed racial and gender stereotypes at us; to me, he made comments about Indians and insisted that he couldn't trust a woman to do his upcoming surgery. He wrongly assumed a classmate was Mexican and made derogatory comments about Hispanics and Mexicans. To our white male classmates, he had nothing offensive to say about their identities.
At the end of the session, we learned that the point of this exercise was to prep us for treating patients who would offend us. We were taught that we needed to maintain our composure and redirect the conversation to patient care, and that we must avoid getting upset or getting into arguments.
At this, I couldn't help but laugh. Women and people of color have been dealing with stereotypes their whole lives. We don't need a test kitchen to learn how to do our job in the face of discrimination — we need this behavior to become less acceptable.
Psychiatry resident Jennifer Adaeze Okwerekwu, who wrote about race and medicine for Stat News, told the story of being called "colored girl" in medical school by a patient three times in front of a supervising attending physician. Not once did the doctor correct the patient or even acknowledge the incident with her after the fact. Okwerekwu wrote, "Despite all the other positive interactions I had with this teacher, her silence in this circumstance diminished my presence. I wondered if she thought of me as a 'colored girl' too."
It's interesting to me that medicine, with its protocols, pathways, and years of training, has no blueprint for supervising physicians on how to address inappropriate comments toward the people training under them. This reluctance to address the existence of bias in a health care setting hurts patients because it perpetuates a culture of silence — or worse, denial.
It's better to have training for physicians on how to alter the medical environment to stop perpetuating bias against physicians and fellow colleagues, rather than training physicians how to bow their heads in the face of racism and sexism. We have much to learn about the long history of sexism and racism in medicine and should receive presentations from those impacted by it on what they think could be improved. We should have training on how to listen when you are in a position of privilege.
Medicine continues to be an old boys' club
Part of combating this bias includes changing the racial and ethnic makeup of the physician workforce. Many medical institutions use the term "underrepresented in medicine" to encompass a group including African Americans, Hispanics and Latinos, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and some Asian subgroups whose proportion in the physician workforce is less than in the population, and promote efforts to recruit underrepresented students. However, in 2015, only 6 percent of medical school graduates were black and only 5 percent were Hispanic or Latino, numbers not significantly different from the entire physician workforce.
(I also receive a certain amount of privilege in a profession where Asians as a large group are overrepresented: 22.6 percent of the physician workforce, though 5.9 percent of the overall working population. I have personally never been mistaken for support staff or encountered disbelief that I am a physician-in-training.)
Though women now make up 36.8 percent of the physician workforce according to 2016 census data, they still may encounter disbelief of their profession. Despite this lack of recognition, according to recent data, the elderly patients of female physicians fare better in terms of mortality than those of male physicians.
That patient actor exercise, though misguided, was certainly a harbinger of experiences to come. But it wasn't a solution. People of color and women learn how to deal with these situations as best they can. They carry their medical licenses; they study extra hard to do well on exams and prove their capability; they dress nicer even in casual settings; they learn how to wear their knowledge on their sleeves; they become overqualified.
But at the end of the day, it is also the responsibility of their privileged allies to step up. It is up to the male fellow, resident, or medical student to redirect the patient to the female attending. It is up to the airline company to come up with an unbiased protocol with which to solicit and accept medical help on an airplane and then follow through on it. It is up to medical schools and institutions to train and hire more physicians of color and female physicians across training programs, to break down old boys' clubs, to decide if they will have a zero-tolerance policy for bias. To make it easy for physicians like Dr. Stanford to simply do their job.
"If I were to be angry at this situation, I would be angry all day, every day"
We are increasingly realizing that racist and sexist bias against patients is a pervasive issue. But what about bias against physicians from patients, from bystanders like those flight attendants, and from fellow medical professionals? They are symptoms of the same disease — a reluctance in medicine to take a stand on issues of social justice and equality, and an idea that caring too much about equal treatment gets in the way of practicing the science of medicine.
Stanford said she has been struck by the outpouring of support for her, from both the American Medical Association, in which she is an active member, and white male colleagues who have reached out to say that this has never happened to them and that they are outraged.
"A lot of people are asking me, am I angry?" said Stanford. "And I say no, and they say, why are you not angry? And I say, because I experience so many things almost every day of my life that if I were to be angry at this situation, I would be angry all day, every day."
Vidya Viswanathan is a fourth-year medical student and aspiring pediatrician and writer at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. She is also the founder and president of Doctors Who Create, an organization encouraging creativity in medicine. Find her on Twitter @vidyavis and read more of her writing on her website.
First Person is Vox's home for compelling, provocative narrative essays. Do you have a story to share? Read our submission guidelines, and pitch us at firstperson@vox.com.
Next Up In First Person


Installation & performances Have you heard? About pregnant teenagers at social risk. Costa Rica.
Exhibition THE BORDER / IMMIGRANTS. National Gallery, Children's Museum, Costa Rica.
Interview at Radio University of Costa Rica, about the exhibit THE BORDER / IMMIGRANTS. Program "Desayunos".
Exhibition & performances "Translucid Seeds" . Contemporary art & archeology. (About Indigenous Costa Rican Women yesterday & today) Itinerant exhibition through several places in Costa Rica & abroad. National Museum of Costa Rica, 130th anniversary. May - June 2017.
ITINERANT performance Festival 2017 NY. May 2017.
Performances about pregnant teenagers at social risk. National Salon of Visual Arts 2017. Costa Rican Art Museum. Costa Rica.
Solo exhibit. "The Border" (Series of murals, paintings & collages based on the Sirian migrants 2015). Costa Rica.
Presentation of the book "Inefable Desire to Explore the Space". Autumm, NY. 2015.
Intervew at Radio Universidad de Costa Rica, with Thais Aguilar & María Clara Vargas Cullell "Desayunos Universidad", 96.7 FM, CR.
"Prisma of Life by Rossella Matamoros"
Official presentation of the book "Rossella Matamoros-Ineffable Desire to Explore the Space" Book of 30 years of my art work at the Museums of The Central Bank, Costa Rica. The book was sponsored by LAFISE Bank. Costa Rica (In celebration of the 30th Anniversary of the Bank). The book is carried by the store of the Museums & is also available at Artist Studio.
Workshops on "Trauma and Recovery" for abused women. Museum of San Ramón, Costa Rica and NYC, USA.
Solo Exhibit "Gestures". Costa Rica.
Invited to participate at the performance Brooklyn Bred 2: "The Parable Conference" of Pablo Helguera. BAM FISHER theater, Brooklyn. NY. USA.
Workshop on Trauma and Recovery at Immigrant Movement International, Queens. USA. To be continued in 2015.
"For the Record: Making and Documenting Performance Arts". Workshop with Coco Fusco. FAWC, Provincetown. Massachusetts, USA. 2014. and performance at FAWC "Burying Entanglements".
Itinerant Installation and performances "Vulnerable / Load" part of the Exhibition "Women Citizens in Movement", CIICLA + Museo University of Costa Rica, (On the history of Costa Rican Suffragettes).


2007 honda accord coupe fuse box for headlight wires Automotive data service polk revealed last month that the average age of cars and light trucks on u.s. Roads is 10.8 years. Thats up from 8.9 years a decade ago and 9.8 as recently as 2007 25.4 In fact honda performance development drive by wire throttle system and fresh air valve system eliminating turbo lag and providing improved reliability and performance. Quotwe are very excited for We are ready to help you find parts for all honda accord models pickup box bumper assembly rear radiator bell housing anti lock brake parts axle beam rear brakes front fuel pump ring.
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It's possible to get or download caterpillar-wiring diagram from several websites. If you take a close look at the diagram you will observe the circuit includes the battery, relay, temperature sensor, wire, and a control, normally the engine control module. With an extensive collection of electronic symbols and components, it's been used among the most completed, easy and useful wiring diagram drawing program. 2007 Honda Accord Coupe Fuse Box For Headlight Wires. The wiring diagram on the opposite hand is particularly beneficial to an outside electrician. Sometimes wiring diagram may also refer to the architectural wiring program. The simplest approach to read a home wiring diagram is to begin at the source, or the major power supply. Basically, the home wiring diagram is simply utilized to reveal the DIYer where the wires are.
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The control box may have over three terminals. After you have the correct size box and have fed the cable to it, you're almost prepared to permit the wiring begin. Then there's also a fuse box that's for the body controls that is situated under the dash. 2007 Honda Accord Coupe Fuse Box For Headlight Wires. You will find that every circuit has to have a load and every load has to have a power side and a ground side. Make certain that the transformer nameplate power is enough to supply the load that you're connecting.


A precision cut slice, shifted from its original position reveals an oak trimmed section of the black frame on Split Mirror, wall mirrors available in long and round versions.
Materials: Mirror glass, black laquered wood frame with oak detail.
This product has a delivery estimate of 8-10 weeks. Items in stock - 2 weeks.
W 25.1" x D 1.5" x H 62.9"


text:
Rutkowscy herbu Pobóg – polski ród szlachecki biorący nazwisko od wsi Rutkowice.

Rutkowscy herbu Pobóg wywodzą się od Goszczyńskich z Goszczyna h. Pobóg. Ponieważ braciom Goszczyńskim sprzykrzyło się trudne życie w sąsiedztwie Krzyżaków, zakupili miejscowość Rutkowice, od której przyjęli swe nazwisko. Po jakimś czasie rozdzielili się na linie główne: pruską i koronną i, poboczną, wielkopolską. Oprócz Rutkowic byli w posiadaniu m.in. dóbr Podlesie Kościelne, Ławica, Szpetal, Kulino, Skórzno, Krojczyn, Krempa, Chełmica, Tuchorza, Pręczki, Adamowo, Sadlinek, Szczepanki, Jaguszewice, Piecewo, Płowężka i Piotrkowice.

Rutkowscy skoligaceni byli z wieloma znacznymi rodami m.in.: Wołłowiczami, Skarbkami, Czapskimi, Zielińskimi herbu Świnka, Prażmowskimi herbu Belina, Sokolnickimi czy Mycielskimi.

W Szpetalu Górnym istnieją nadal pozostałości dworu Rutkowskich.

Bibliografia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia