text:
"""Unified method of referring to to heterogenous resources in courses"""

__author__ = 'Mike Gainer (mgainer@google.com)'

class AbstractResourceHandler(object):
    """Unified accessor for heterogenous resources within CourseBuilder.

    CourseBuilder contains a number of different resources, such as
    questions, units, lessons, course settings, etc.  There are a number
    of features that are concerned with acting on some or all of these
    types, and would like to do so polymorphically.  (E.g., I18N,
    skill mapping, and other 3rd-party modules).
    """

    # Derived classes must set TYPE to a short, globally-unique string.  This
    # string may only contain lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores.
    TYPE = None

    @classmethod
    def get_key(cls, instance):
        """Returns a key for the given instance.

        Args:
          instance: And instance of a Course Builder resource.
        Returns:
          A Key for that instance.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

    @classmethod
    def get_resource(cls, course, key):
        """Returns an instance of the resource type.

        Args:
          course: A courses.Course instance
          key: A small fact (string or integer, typically) representing
              the primary key for the desired instance.
        Returns:
          A loaded instance of the type appropriate for the Handler subtype.
          Note that this can be very broadly interpreted.  For example,
          since it is so common to need the Unit corresponding to a Lesson,
          this function in ResourceLesson returns a 2-tuple of the unit
          and lesson, rather than just the lesson.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

    @classmethod
    def get_resource_title(cls, resource):
        """Get a title for the resource.

        Args:
          resource: Whatever is returned from get_resource() (q.v.)
        Returns:
          A short human-friendly string for titling the resource.
          NOTE: This string is not I18N'd - it is the actual string
          from the resource, before translation.  This string is
          suitable for display in dashboard contexts, where it is
          OK to presume a reasonable working knowledge of English,
          but not on student-facing pages.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

    @classmethod
    def get_schema(cls, course, key):
        """Return a schema describing the value returned from get_data_dict().

        Again, note that in theory, the specific identity of the item in
        question should not be required to get what should be a generic
        schema.  The difference between theory and practice....

        Args:
          course: A courses.Course instance.
          key: A small fact (string or integer, typically) representing
              the primary key for the desired instance.
        Returns:
          A schema_fields.FieldRegistry instance.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

    @classmethod
    def get_data_dict(cls, course, key):
        """Return a simple dict expression of the object's data.

        This is typically used in REST editors and other similar import/
        export related scenarios.

        Args:
          course: A courses.Course instance.
          key: A small fact (string or integer, typically) representing
              the primary key for the desired instance.
        Returns:
          A dict corresponding to the schema from get_schema().
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

    @classmethod
    def get_view_url(cls, resource):
        """Return a URL that will show a student view of the item.

        Not all classes need to return a reasonable value here.  For
        example, Labels and Skills may just not have a simple student-visible
        representation.  It is fine in those cases to return None; the
        caller must deal with this situation appropriately.

          resource: Whatever is returned from get_resource() (q.v.)
        Returns:
          A *relative* URL.  E.g., dashboard?action=foo&tab=bar Such a
          URL can be placed unmmodified on a page which has been set
          up with the default URL prefix pointing to the namespace for
          the current course.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

    @classmethod
    def get_edit_url(cls, key):
        """Return a dashboard URL for editing the resource.

        All classes should implement this function.  If it is hard to
        implement this, then you may have made a poor selection as to
        the noun that you're trying to represent.

        Args:
          key: A small fact (string or integer, typically) representing
              the primary key for the desired instance.
        Returns:
          A *relative* URL.  E.g., dashboard?action=foo&tab=bar Such a
          URL can be placed unmmodified on a page which has been set
          up with the default URL prefix pointing to the namespace for
          the current course.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes must implement this.')

class Registry(object):

    _RESOURCE_HANDLERS = {}

    @classmethod
    def register(cls, resource_handler):
        """Object types wishing to be generically handled register here.

        Args:
          resource_handler: A class that inherits from AbstractResourceHandler,
          above.
        """

        type_name = resource_handler.TYPE
        if type_name in cls._RESOURCE_HANDLERS:
            raise ValueError(
                'The type name "%s" is already registered as a resource.' %
                type_name)
        cls._RESOURCE_HANDLERS[type_name] = resource_handler

    @classmethod
    def get(cls, name):
        if not cls.is_valid_name(name):
            raise ValueError('Unknown resource type: %s' % name)
        return cls._RESOURCE_HANDLERS[name]

    @classmethod
    def is_valid_name(cls, name):
        return name in cls._RESOURCE_HANDLERS

class Key(object):
    """Manages key for Course Builder resource.

    Every Course Builder resource can be identified by a type name and a
    type-contextual key. This class holds data related to this keying, and
    manages serialization/deserialization as strings.
    """

    def __init__(self, type_str, key, course=None):
        self._type = type_str
        self._key = key
        self._course = course
        assert Registry.is_valid_name(self._type), (
            'Unknown resource type: %s' % type_str)

    def __str__(self):
        return '%s:%s' % (self._type, self._key)

    @property
    def type(self):
        return self._type

    @property
    def key(self):
        return self._key

    @classmethod
    def fromstring(cls, key_str):
        index = key_str.index(':')
        return Key(key_str[:index], key_str[index + 1:])

    def get_resource(self, course):
        course = course or self._course
        return Registry.get(self._type).get_resource(course, self._key)

    def get_schema(self, course):
        return Registry.get(self._type).get_schema(course, self._key)

    def get_data_dict(self, course):
        return Registry.get(self._type).get_data_dict(course, self._key)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Happy birthday, Princess! It's time to celebrate, but your joy is short-lived as dark creatures start kidnapping your subjects!
AMAX Interactive proudly presents the next adventure in the enchanting Spirits of Mystery series!
Meet with an ancient hero in the bonus chapter.
Learn more about the Moon Crystal through hidden collectibles!
Enjoy concept art, music, wallpapers, replayable mini-games, and more!


text:
Q: Browser support of multipart responses I would like to create a HTTP response, using multipart/mixed, but I'm not sure which browsers support it; and if it's as convenient as it sounds, from the client's point of view.
To be honest, I do not need specifically that content type. I just want to transmit more than one file in the same response; maybe there's another content-type more used.

A: In my experience, multipart responses work in Firefox but not in Internet Explorer.  This  was 2 years ago, using the browsers of the time.
I have had HTTP multipart responses working for a stream of JPEG images.  For example, Axis IP cameras use for their motion JPEG stream for Firefox.  For Internet explorer, Axis require the use of a plugin.
If Firefox-only support meets your requirements, then I recommend setting the content-length header in each part of the multi-part response.  It might help to make the boundary string identical in the original HTTP header and the multi-part response (the '--' is missing in the HTTP header).

A: I've tested it, with a home-made server and a simple response. Not sure if the response is well-formed because no browser understands it 100% OK. But here are the results:

*

*Firefox 67.0.1 (64-bit): Renders only the last part, others are ignored.

*IE 11.503: Saves all the content in a single file (including the boundaries), nothing is rendered.

*Chrome May 2019: Saves all the content in a single file, nothing is rendered.

*Safari 4: Saves all the content in a single file, nothing is rendered.

*Opera 10.10: Something weird. Starts rendering the first part as plain/text, and then clears everything. The loading progress bar hangs on 31%.

Here's the complete response, if anyone finds any error, please tell me and I'll try again:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 01 Dec 2009 23:27:30 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent
Content-Length: 681
Content-Type: Multipart/mixed; boundary="sample_boundary";

Multipart not supported :(
--sample_boundary
Content-Type: text/css; charset=utf-8
Content-Location: http://localhost:2080/file.css

body
{
 background-color: yellow;
}
--sample_boundary
Content-Type: application/x-javascript; charset=utf-8
Content-Location: http://localhost:2080/file.js

alert("Hello from a javascript!!!");

--sample_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Base: http://localhost:2080/

<html>
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://localhost:2080/file.css">
</head>
<body>
 Hello from a html
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost:2080/file.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
--sample_boundary--

A: Two ideas:

*

*Formatting: I think "multipart" should be in lower case, and I don't think a semicolon is expected at the end of the Content-type header (although it's doubtful that it will make a difference, it's possible that it might).

*Have you tried replace mode?  Just use: Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace -- everything else should stay the same.

A:  Multi part it yourself
(A good option)
A multipart response can be made manually!
So one can write a no multipart response! Let's say in chunked mode! There it make sense!
So you are streaming the data!
Send all as blunt text!
Make your own separators! Between each part!
In the browser! Extract and parse the data! Split to get each part separately!
And parse each appart! Depending on what type of data it hold!
So if a part is json! You parse it as so!
Quick illustration! Let say we want to send a csv file! Or some other type of file! Along that we want to send too a json object!
And that by streaming it by chunk
Here a code that illustrate that in express:
const data = {
    initCapital: fileState.mappingObj.initialCapital
};

res.write(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 0));
res.write('>>>>'); // parts separator
fileState.readStream.pipe(res); // continue streaming the file (chunk by chunk)

And in the client
export function parseBackTestFetchedData(data: string) {
    const [_data, csvData] = data.split('>>>>');
    return {
        data: JSON.parse(_data),
        backTestStatesData: parseCsv(csvData)
    };
}

That way! it doesn't matter who the client is!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Källor

Törlar
hubertii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The unfortunate flaw in From the Telegraph to the Internet is its title, which suggests a highly specialized account of an industry when in fact it is a deeply moving narrative of a committed labor leader who has written a compelling autobiography about what it means to fill various roles (labor leader, visionary, father, politician and negotiator) at a time of tumultuous change in American technology and corporate restructuring. This book should be required reading in education programs at labor institutes, universities and especially business schools, so that its readers may gain insight into the present-day struggles, tactics and organizing purposes of a US labor union. Morton Bahr, president of the Communications Workers of America, discusses how the union coped when AT&T was broken apart by court order and how the CWA, which had its origins in a company union that had virtually no role or say in the changes that affected hundreds of thousands of workers, was militant enough to elbow its way into sufficiently protecting workers' benefits and status.
Then the union began the difficult job of creating a vibrant new entity for information service workers, who would fit into new patterns of competitive business while reinforcing the principle that the CWA was an international union. What Bahr has sought with some success is to find a way of cooperating with business while maintaining labor's separate and distinct voice. This is no easy matter and one that requires great subtlety in advancing the cause of workers in labor-corporate relations. Whatever unions hope to achieve for their members and society, they must expand their base through organizing and identifying the causes of the labor movement with community interests.
Now Bahr has a new job as AT&T seeks communications hegemony. Like the mythological snake that is cut apart but then reforms itself, the "re-merging" and new acquisitions of AT&T are intended, in the words of the May 6 New York Times, to achieve dominance in "the communications landscape unmatched by any company since the old American Telephone and Telegraph broke up under government pressure in 1984." The inclusion of the cable TV industry is intended to integrate various communications services to consumers.
But where is organized labor in this story? Is it a partner, antagonist or bystander? As Bahr points out, organized labor is already marginalized. Unless it responds by building bigger unions, workers will be reduced to commodities without voice in the Brave New World of the twenty-first century. The CWA has expanded to public service workers, technical workers and professional workers in governmenrt. But its success will stand or fall on the basis of how it is able to adjust to and cause changes in the communications industry. "Contracts covering the vast majority of our membership," Bahr points out, "now provide for joint discussion of the impact of new technology, as well as training and retraining opportunities." Rather than wait for collective bargaining agreements to expire, unions and companies should have the capacity to adjust wages and profit sharing during the life of a collective bargaining agreement–an idea predicated on the actual strength of the union at the grass roots. The CWA already tested that in 1992, when it called for an "electronic picket line" against AT&T. It urged its members to switch carriers and organized other unions to boycott AT&T services, as well as immensely profitable caller ID and call waiting services at the local level–an effective strategy in a competitive market. Can the CWA now have any say in the production, allocation of resources and likely layoffs as AT&T seeks efficiencies? Will any vision be large enough and conscious enough of itself and the national community to offer alternatives to be heard above the din of clichés regarding "competition"?
As I read Bahr's account I could not help but wonder where labor leaders fit into the folklore of American life. For Americans outside the labor movement, labor leaders are thought of as square pegs in round holes, not quite fitting the story of Capitalist Realism–namely, that the nation's gains and prosperity came from the immaculate conception of the Founding Fathers, who anointed businessmen as their disciples. To doubt this story is to enter into a far more densely textured view of American history, one integrally tied to organized labor and its leaders. This view requires consideration of the struggles of freestanding labor unions, which in turn raises deep questions about social and economic organization, capitalism, class conflict, class collaboration versus business-labor cooperation, the role of government, electoral politics and the courage and charisma of labor leaders.
These questions have not been easy for the labor movement to confront internally, torn as it has been at different times between the industrial and craft unions, the left and right, issues of international solidarity versus patriotism, and shrinking memberships within the shift to a service economy. In the US context such issues have not been made easy, given the lack of a major political party to present the needs of workers consistently. Even the most naïve among us cannot fail to notice that the two political parties adhere to one business ideology: The personal ambitions of Republicans and Democrats may not coincide, but the views of the parties have been virtually consonant in limiting labor's rights, keeping its role as sotto voce as possible. Thus in recent years the Democratic Party of Carter and Clinton has been supportive of blatantly business-oriented ideas such as bipartisan agreements on export capitalism. The "early" Bill Clinton took a leaf from the anti-union stance of Ronald Reagan. Coming from an anti-union, right-to-work state, Clinton kept the story of Capitalist Realism going, emphasizing world trade and global competition fueled by individual consumer desire in the marketplace, with workers left virtually without protection.
The cultural reasons for this require some explanation. One of the interesting aspects of the American working class is that it is not known as a working class. Instead, it is nominated as middle class (even by its leaders), or, in the case of those in the secondary labor market, referred to as working poor. The working class is not an acceptable American category, perhaps because it reflects group or social solidarity in a nation that prides itself on individualism and "making it on your own," a very silly self-deception indeed. Thus the term "middle class" conjures a certain economic independence while it prizes individualism. The reality is different in that this "middle class" is insecure, often overworked and greatly in hock. It is a debtor class. A labor leadership that seeks to point out this reality can hardly be expected to receive much praise in the "free press." Indeed, as Bahr points out, the New York Times no longer bothers to have a labor beat reporter. Similarly, the Washington Post gave up such notions of "specialized" coverage long ago, as its business and sports pages expanded.
One should not be surprised that under the catechism of Capitalist Realism labor leaders are depicted as greedy and self-interested, even those who are moderate and community-minded. Thus Bahr points out that the legendary leader of the AFL, Samuel Gompers, is fixed in the minds of millions of schoolchildren as the labor leader who was asked what labor unions wanted. He is reputed to have said, in an answer like that of a Wall Street yuppie, "More." What was created in the minds of generations of Americans was that no essential difference existed between capital and labor. Both wanted "more." But what Gompers said was far different. "What does labor want? We want more schoolhouses and less jails, more books and less arsenals, more learning and less vice, more constant work and less crime, more leisure and less greed, more justice and less revenge." In other words, Gompers had a social democratic conception. Like other labor leaders, whether Eugene Debs, Walter Reuther, the Dobbs brothers or Bahr, Gompers had a clear vision of the role of labor and the individual: The liberation of the worker and the liberation of society go hand in hand. Yet this social vision could not compete with the romance of the American individualist.
The paradox, of course, is that a worker's individuality and dignity can be best protected through his or her organization, the labor union, the institution in which personal and community interests are brought together. This fact is something that Bahr understands, for he knows that individuality needs safeguarding–big time. Hundreds of thousands of people are now employed in management and public relations offices to mask this need by discouraging workers from joining unions. What is at stake, under the banner of "productivity," is control over workers' time and space. Bahr tells of a worker being treated for an illness with a medication that caused her go to the lavatory several times a day. Each trip was announced on the plant loudspeaker by management. Such corporate control over the worker's life is no sideshow. It defines, albeit in extreme form, the situation of millions of people.
This brings us to labor leaders. Where do they fit into the pantheon of heroes and villains? We've seen them drawn out in Ray Ginger's biography of Debs, The Bending Cross; Mary Jones's The Autobiography of Mother Jones; Harold Livesay's Samuel Gompers and Organized Labour in America; Melvyn Dubofsky and Warner Van Tine's biography of John L. Lewis; Victor Reuther's The Brothers Reuther and the Story of the U.A.W. and elsewhere. They are part of the romance of America, but the question is whether they will be rendered irrelevant when labor movements don't organize and lose membership or moral purpose.
With its prerogatives, business becomes the locomotive of American life. And in countless texts US entrepreneurs are presented as folk heroes who, through determination and innovation, keep society going in a progressive direction. This is an old story. Even John D. Rockefeller, thanks to the massaging of the press by his public relations experts, ended his days less as the villain of the Ludlow massacre than as a grand paternal figure whose largesse, along with that of Andrew Carnegie, guided education and science. Never mind that Henry Ford was almost overwhelmed by his own anti-Semitic ravings and undermined by a brutal internal police force aimed at destroying an independent labor union. Ruthlessness is forgiven because US economic ideology claims to be serving a greater good: the project of production, which has received intellectual blessing through modern economic ideas, from left to right. In the popular culture the question became one of whether there was a counter to these men among leaders of labor. The "disinterested" needed a picture of what labor leaders were.
There are two prevailing, composite perceptions of the labor leader. One comes to us through the corporation and the media, the other through literature and folklore that oftentimes does not find its way into middle-class or "mainstream" literature and consciousness. In Hollywood the labor leader is commonly depicted as selfish, brutal and uneducated, a villain, invariably on the take from a businessman or from crime bosses who remain the shadowy string-pullers.
The cliché of the arrogant and parochial but cunning labor leader who cares nothing about local communities is almost perversely the inverse of the extraordinary sophistication that labor leaders/organizers tend to possess concerning their workers, irrespective of the industry involved. Indeed, just like CEOs at major corporations, national union heads, for good or ill, commonly depend on highly trained staffs. And while some labor leaders undeniably have been corrupt, they have hardly been a match for the likes of the senior Annenberg, or even of Hollywood moguls.
The second and more sympathetic account of labor leaders is that an overwhelming number of them were cut from a different mold. They were organizers who at great personal risk and undeniable suffering built the movement in the United States. Joe Hill told his comrades not to mourn for him but instead to organize. Such great labor leaders of the twentieth century as A. Philip Randolph, Eugene Debs, John L. Lewis, Harry Bridges and Walter Reuther were powerful organizers who saw no contradiction between the demands and needs of the larger community and those of workers as a class.
This deep understanding of the role of organized labor continues into the twenty-first century. Its organization does not represent capital, it represents the community–that is, people in terms of their everyday needs. This can be seen in the extraordinary work of Morton Bahr. The CWA represents 630,000 workers from diverse industries, "all of whom have common concerns." Bahr envisions his union as a broad social and economic movement. As he sees it, the labor organizer must not only win recognition for the union but organize the basis of material benefits both inside and outside the workplace. Unions must fight for the rights of the unorganized so they can become citizens of the political nation. Like other of his forebears, Bahr believes that organizers are teachers with two objectives. One is serving notice that workers are more than extensions of a machine or marginal, disposable as used Kleenex.
Second, that workers' dignity is the key element in this nation's drive for its humane identity. While the two major political parties, supported by their corporate sponsors, are concerned about "competitiveness," workers know that human dignity is the purpose of work. And where that is not present, union leaders must reshape industry (indeed, the nation) to that purpose. Bahr believes that unions have moral as well as financial capital in their pension funds, which the nation–and business–has been trading on throughout the twentieth century.
So, what does a modern labor folk hero look like? He or she seeks a moral vision grounded in sophistication about law, business, government and politics, as well as technology. He or she knows the difference between selling out and business-labor cooperation, and seeks ways to insure that technology is understood as a tool of workers and society rather than an instrument to which people must refashion themselves as in a Procrustean bed. And he or she is not afraid of being either on picket lines or in boardrooms when necessary. Nor is that leader passive about investment of pension capital in the regeneration of society. It would appear that Bahr qualifies as a modern labor folk hero.


text:
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# 5.45 (Revision: 1.222) from the contents of
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#	PREREQ_PM => {  }
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AR = ar
CC = cc
CCCDLFLAGS = -fpic
CCDLFLAGS = -rdynamic
DLEXT = so
DLSRC = dl_dlopen.xs
LD = cc
LDDLFLAGS = -shared -L/usr/local/lib
LDFLAGS =  -L/usr/local/lib
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LIB_EXT = .a
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OSVERS = 2.2.15
RANLIB = :
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makemakerdflt: all

.SUFFIXES: .xs .c .C .cpp .cxx .cc $(OBJ_EXT)

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# does so. Our milage may vary.
# .PRECIOUS: Makefile    # seems to be not necessary anymore

.PHONY: all config static dynamic test linkext manifest

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CONFIGDEP = $(PERL_ARCHLIB)/Config.pm $(PERL_INC)/config.h

# Where to put things:
INST_LIBDIR      = $(INST_LIB)
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INST_AUTODIR     = $(INST_LIB)/auto/$(FULLEXT)
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INST_STATIC  =
INST_DYNAMIC =
INST_BOOT    =

EXPORT_LIST =

PERL_ARCHIVE =

TO_INST_PM = MyMod.pm.pm

PM_TO_BLIB = MyMod.pm.pm \
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# --- MakeMaker tool_autosplit section:

# Usage: $(AUTOSPLITFILE) FileToSplit AutoDirToSplitInto
AUTOSPLITFILE = $(PERL) "-I$(PERL_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(PERL_LIB)" -e 'use AutoSplit;autosplit($$ARGV[0], $$ARGV[1], 0, 1, 1) ;'

# --- MakeMaker tool_xsubpp section:

# --- MakeMaker tools_other section:

SHELL = /bin/sh
CHMOD = chmod
CP = cp
LD = cc
MV = mv
NOOP = $(SHELL) -c true
RM_F = rm -f
RM_RF = rm -rf
TEST_F = test -f
TOUCH = touch
UMASK_NULL = umask 0
DEV_NULL = > /dev/null 2>&1

# The following is a portable way to say mkdir -p
# To see which directories are created, change the if 0 to if 1
MKPATH = $(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Command -e mkpath

# This helps us to minimize the effect of the .exists files A yet
# better solution would be to have a stable file in the perl
# distribution with a timestamp of zero. But this solution doesn't
# need any changes to the core distribution and works with older perls
EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP = $(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Command -e eqtime

# Here we warn users that an old packlist file was found somewhere,
# and that they should call some uninstall routine
WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST = $(PERL) -we 'exit unless -f $$ARGV[0];' \
-e 'print "WARNING: I have found an old package in\n";' \
-e 'print "\t$$ARGV[0].\n";' \
-e 'print "Please make sure the two installations are not conflicting\n";'

UNINST=0
VERBINST=1

MOD_INSTALL = $(PERL) -I$(INST_LIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Install \
-e "install({@ARGV},'$(VERBINST)',0,'$(UNINST)');"

DOC_INSTALL = $(PERL) -e '$$\="\n\n";' \
-e 'print "=head2 ", scalar(localtime), ": C<", shift, ">", " L<", shift, ">";' \
-e 'print "=over 4";' \
-e 'while (defined($$key = shift) and defined($$val = shift)){print "=item *";print "C<$$key: $$val>";}' \
-e 'print "=back";'

UNINSTALL =   $(PERL) -MExtUtils::Install \
-e 'uninstall($$ARGV[0],1,1); print "\nUninstall is deprecated. Please check the";' \
-e 'print " packlist above carefully.\n  There may be errors. Remove the";' \
-e 'print " appropriate files manually.\n  Sorry for the inconveniences.\n"'

# --- MakeMaker dist section:

DISTVNAME = $(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)
TAR  = tar
TARFLAGS = cvf
ZIP  = zip
ZIPFLAGS = -r
COMPRESS = gzip --best
SUFFIX = .gz
SHAR = shar
PREOP = @$(NOOP)
POSTOP = @$(NOOP)
TO_UNIX = @$(NOOP)
CI = ci -u
RCS_LABEL = rcs -Nv$(VERSION_SYM): -q
DIST_CP = best
DIST_DEFAULT = tardist

# --- MakeMaker macro section:

# --- MakeMaker depend section:

# --- MakeMaker cflags section:

# --- MakeMaker const_loadlibs section:

# --- MakeMaker const_cccmd section:

# --- MakeMaker post_constants section:

# --- MakeMaker pasthru section:

PASTHRU = LIB="$(LIB)"\
	LIBPERL_A="$(LIBPERL_A)"\
	LINKTYPE="$(LINKTYPE)"\
	PREFIX="$(PREFIX)"\
	OPTIMIZE="$(OPTIMIZE)"

# --- MakeMaker c_o section:

# --- MakeMaker xs_c section:

# --- MakeMaker xs_o section:

# --- MakeMaker top_targets section:

#all ::	config $(INST_PM) subdirs linkext manifypods

all :: pure_all htmlifypods manifypods
	@$(NOOP)

pure_all :: config pm_to_blib subdirs linkext
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subdirs :: $(MYEXTLIB)
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config :: Makefile $(INST_LIBDIR)/.exists
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config :: $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/.exists
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config :: $(INST_AUTODIR)/.exists
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$(INST_AUTODIR)/.exists :: /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h
	@$(MKPATH) $(INST_AUTODIR)
	@$(EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP) /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h $(INST_AUTODIR)/.exists

	-@$(CHMOD) $(PERM_RWX) $(INST_AUTODIR)

$(INST_LIBDIR)/.exists :: /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h
	@$(MKPATH) $(INST_LIBDIR)
	@$(EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP) /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h $(INST_LIBDIR)/.exists

	-@$(CHMOD) $(PERM_RWX) $(INST_LIBDIR)

$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/.exists :: /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h
	@$(MKPATH) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)
	@$(EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP) /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/.exists

	-@$(CHMOD) $(PERM_RWX) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)

config :: $(INST_MAN3DIR)/.exists
	@$(NOOP)

$(INST_MAN3DIR)/.exists :: /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h
	@$(MKPATH) $(INST_MAN3DIR)
	@$(EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP) /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i686-linux/CORE/perl.h $(INST_MAN3DIR)/.exists

	-@$(CHMOD) $(PERM_RWX) $(INST_MAN3DIR)

help:
	perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker

Version_check:
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		-MExtUtils::MakeMaker=Version_check \
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# --- MakeMaker linkext section:

linkext :: $(LINKTYPE)
	@$(NOOP)

# --- MakeMaker dlsyms section:

# --- MakeMaker dynamic section:

## $(INST_PM) has been moved to the all: target.
## It remains here for awhile to allow for old usage: "make dynamic"
#dynamic :: Makefile $(INST_DYNAMIC) $(INST_BOOT) $(INST_PM)
dynamic :: Makefile $(INST_DYNAMIC) $(INST_BOOT)
	@$(NOOP)

# --- MakeMaker dynamic_bs section:

BOOTSTRAP =

# --- MakeMaker dynamic_lib section:

# --- MakeMaker static section:

## $(INST_PM) has been moved to the all: target.
## It remains here for awhile to allow for old usage: "make static"
#static :: Makefile $(INST_STATIC) $(INST_PM)
static :: Makefile $(INST_STATIC)
	@$(NOOP)

# --- MakeMaker static_lib section:

# --- MakeMaker htmlifypods section:

htmlifypods : pure_all
	@$(NOOP)

# --- MakeMaker manifypods section:
POD2MAN_EXE = /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/bin/pod2man
POD2MAN = $(PERL) -we '%m=@ARGV;for (keys %m){' \
-e 'next if -e $$m{$$_} && -M $$m{$$_} < -M $$_ && -M $$m{$$_} < -M "Makefile";' \
-e 'print "Manifying $$m{$$_}\n";' \
-e 'system(qq[$$^X ].q["-I$(PERL_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(PERL_LIB)" $(POD2MAN_EXE) ].qq[$$_>$$m{$$_}])==0 or warn "Couldn\047t install $$m{$$_}\n";' \
-e 'chmod(oct($(PERM_RW))), $$m{$$_} or warn "chmod $(PERM_RW) $$m{$$_}: $$!\n";}'

manifypods : pure_all MyMod.pm.pm
	@$(POD2MAN) \
	MyMod.pm.pm \
	$(INST_MAN3DIR)/MyMod.pm.$(MAN3EXT)

# --- MakeMaker processPL section:

# --- MakeMaker installbin section:

# --- MakeMaker subdirs section:

# none

# --- MakeMaker clean section:

# Delete temporary files but do not touch installed files. We don't delete
# the Makefile here so a later make realclean still has a makefile to use.

clean ::
	-rm -rf ./blib $(MAKE_APERL_FILE) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.all perlmain.c mon.out core core.*perl.*.? *perl.core so_locations pm_to_blib *~ */*~ */*/*~ *$(OBJ_EXT) *$(LIB_EXT) perl.exe $(BOOTSTRAP) $(BASEEXT).bso $(BASEEXT).def $(BASEEXT).exp
	-mv Makefile Makefile.old $(DEV_NULL)

# --- MakeMaker realclean section:

# Delete temporary files (via clean) and also delete installed files
realclean purge ::  clean
	rm -rf $(INST_AUTODIR) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)
	rm -f $(INST_LIBDIR)/MyMod.pm.pm
	rm -rf Makefile Makefile.old

# --- MakeMaker dist_basics section:

distclean :: realclean distcheck

distcheck :
	$(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Manifest=fullcheck \
		-e fullcheck

skipcheck :
	$(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Manifest=skipcheck \
		-e skipcheck

manifest :
	$(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Manifest=mkmanifest \
		-e mkmanifest

# --- MakeMaker dist_core section:

dist : $(DIST_DEFAULT)
	@$(PERL) -le 'print "Warning: Makefile possibly out of date with $$vf" if ' \
	    -e '-e ($$vf="$(VERSION_FROM)") and -M $$vf < -M "Makefile";'

tardist : $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)

zipdist : $(DISTVNAME).zip

$(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) : distdir
	$(PREOP)
	$(TO_UNIX)
	$(TAR) $(TARFLAGS) $(DISTVNAME).tar $(DISTVNAME)
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(COMPRESS) $(DISTVNAME).tar
	$(POSTOP)

$(DISTVNAME).zip : distdir
	$(PREOP)
	$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS) $(DISTVNAME).zip $(DISTVNAME)
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(POSTOP)

uutardist : $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)
	uuencode $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) \
		$(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) > \
		$(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)_uu

shdist : distdir
	$(PREOP)
	$(SHAR) $(DISTVNAME) > $(DISTVNAME).shar
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(POSTOP)

# --- MakeMaker dist_dir section:

distdir :
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Manifest=manicopy,maniread \
		-e "manicopy(maniread(),'$(DISTVNAME)', '$(DIST_CP)');"

# --- MakeMaker dist_test section:

disttest : distdir
	cd $(DISTVNAME) && $(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) Makefile.PL
	cd $(DISTVNAME) && $(MAKE)
	cd $(DISTVNAME) && $(MAKE) test

# --- MakeMaker dist_ci section:

ci :
	$(PERL) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) -MExtUtils::Manifest=maniread \
		-e "@all = keys %{ maniread() };" \
		-e 'print("Executing $(CI) @all\n"); system("$(CI) @all");' \
		-e 'print("Executing $(RCS_LABEL) ...\n"); system("$(RCS_LABEL) @all");'

# --- MakeMaker install section:

install :: all pure_install doc_install

install_perl :: all pure_perl_install doc_perl_install

install_site :: all pure_site_install doc_site_install

install_ :: install_site
	@echo INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site

pure_install :: pure_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install

doc_install :: doc_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
	@echo Appending installation info to $(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod

pure__install : pure_site_install
	@echo INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site

doc__install : doc_site_install
	@echo INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site

pure_perl_install ::
	@$(MOD_INSTALL) \
		read $(PERL_ARCHLIB)/auto/$(FULLEXT)/.packlist \
		write $(INSTALLARCHLIB)/auto/$(FULLEXT)/.packlist \
		$(INST_LIB) $(INSTALLPRIVLIB) \
		$(INST_ARCHLIB) $(INSTALLARCHLIB) \
		$(INST_BIN) $(INSTALLBIN) \
		$(INST_SCRIPT) $(INSTALLSCRIPT) \
		$(INST_HTMLLIBDIR) $(INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR) \
		$(INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR) $(INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR) \
		$(INST_MAN1DIR) $(INSTALLMAN1DIR) \
		$(INST_MAN3DIR) $(INSTALLMAN3DIR)
	@$(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) \
		$(SITEARCHEXP)/auto/$(FULLEXT)

pure_site_install ::
	@$(MOD_INSTALL) \
		read $(SITEARCHEXP)/auto/$(FULLEXT)/.packlist \
		write $(INSTALLSITEARCH)/auto/$(FULLEXT)/.packlist \
		$(INST_LIB) $(INSTALLSITELIB) \
		$(INST_ARCHLIB) $(INSTALLSITEARCH) \
		$(INST_BIN) $(INSTALLBIN) \
		$(INST_SCRIPT) $(INSTALLSCRIPT) \
		$(INST_HTMLLIBDIR) $(INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR) \
		$(INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR) $(INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR) \
		$(INST_MAN1DIR) $(INSTALLMAN1DIR) \
		$(INST_MAN3DIR) $(INSTALLMAN3DIR)
	@$(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) \
		$(PERL_ARCHLIB)/auto/$(FULLEXT)

doc_perl_install ::
	-@$(MKPATH) $(INSTALLARCHLIB)
	-@$(DOC_INSTALL) \
		"Module" "$(NAME)" \
		"installed into" "$(INSTALLPRIVLIB)" \
		LINKTYPE "$(LINKTYPE)" \
		VERSION "$(VERSION)" \
		EXE_FILES "$(EXE_FILES)" \
		>> $(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod

doc_site_install ::
	-@$(MKPATH) $(INSTALLARCHLIB)
	-@$(DOC_INSTALL) \
		"Module" "$(NAME)" \
		"installed into" "$(INSTALLSITELIB)" \
		LINKTYPE "$(LINKTYPE)" \
		VERSION "$(VERSION)" \
		EXE_FILES "$(EXE_FILES)" \
		>> $(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod

uninstall :: uninstall_from_$(INSTALLDIRS)dirs

uninstall_from_perldirs ::
	@$(UNINSTALL) $(PERL_ARCHLIB)/auto/$(FULLEXT)/.packlist

uninstall_from_sitedirs ::
	@$(UNINSTALL) $(SITEARCHEXP)/auto/$(FULLEXT)/.packlist

# --- MakeMaker force section:
# Phony target to force checking subdirectories.
FORCE:
	@$(NOOP)

# --- MakeMaker perldepend section:

# --- MakeMaker makefile section:

# We take a very conservative approach here, but it\'s worth it.
# We move Makefile to Makefile.old here to avoid gnu make looping.
Makefile : Makefile.PL $(CONFIGDEP)
	@echo "Makefile out-of-date with respect to $?"
	@echo "Cleaning current config before rebuilding Makefile..."
	-@$(RM_F) Makefile.old
	-@$(MV) Makefile Makefile.old
	-$(MAKE) -f Makefile.old clean $(DEV_NULL) || $(NOOP)
	$(PERL) "-I$(PERL_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(PERL_LIB)" Makefile.PL
	@echo "==> Your Makefile has been rebuilt. <=="
	@echo "==> Please rerun the make command.  <=="
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# To change behavior to :: would be nice, but would break Tk b9.02
# so you find such a warning below the dist target.
#Makefile :: $(VERSION_FROM)
#	@echo "Warning: Makefile possibly out of date with $(VERSION_FROM)"

# --- MakeMaker staticmake section:

# --- MakeMaker makeaperl section ---
MAP_TARGET    = perl
FULLPERL      = /usr/hpl/NO/ext/Linux/bin/perl

$(MAP_TARGET) :: static $(MAKE_APERL_FILE)
	$(MAKE) -f $(MAKE_APERL_FILE) $@

$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
	@echo Writing \"$(MAKE_APERL_FILE)\" for this $(MAP_TARGET)
	@$(PERL) -I$(INST_ARCHLIB) -I$(INST_LIB) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) \
		Makefile.PL DIR= \
		MAKEFILE=$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) LINKTYPE=static \
		MAKEAPERL=1 NORECURS=1 CCCDLFLAGS=

# --- MakeMaker test section:

TEST_VERBOSE=0
TEST_TYPE=test_$(LINKTYPE)
TEST_FILE = test.pl
TEST_FILES =
TESTDB_SW = -d

testdb :: testdb_$(LINKTYPE)

test :: $(TEST_TYPE)

test_dynamic :: pure_all
	PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 $(FULLPERL) -I$(INST_ARCHLIB) -I$(INST_LIB) -I$(PERL_ARCHLIB) -I$(PERL_LIB) $(TEST_FILE)

testdb_dynamic :: pure_all
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test_ : test_dynamic

test_static :: test_dynamic
testdb_static :: testdb_dynamic

# --- MakeMaker ppd section:
# Creates a PPD (Perl Package Description) for a binary distribution.
ppd:
	@$(PERL) -e "print qq{<SOFTPKG NAME=\"MyMod.pm\" VERSION=\"0,01,0,0\">\n}. qq{\t<TITLE>MyMod.pm</TITLE>\n}. qq{\t<ABSTRACT></ABSTRACT>\n}. qq{\t<AUTHOR></AUTHOR>\n}. qq{\t<IMPLEMENTATION>\n}. qq{\t\t<OS NAME=\"$(OSNAME)\" />\n}. qq{\t\t<ARCHITECTURE NAME=\"i686-linux\" />\n}. qq{\t\t<CODEBASE HREF=\"\" />\n}. qq{\t</IMPLEMENTATION>\n}. qq{</SOFTPKG>\n}" > MyMod.pm.ppd

# --- MakeMaker pm_to_blib section:

pm_to_blib: $(TO_INST_PM)
	@$(PERL) "-I$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(INST_LIB)" \
	"-I$(PERL_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(PERL_LIB)" -MExtUtils::Install \
        -e "pm_to_blib({qw{$(PM_TO_BLIB)}},'$(INST_LIB)/auto')"
	@$(TOUCH) $@

# --- MakeMaker selfdocument section:

# --- MakeMaker postamble section:

# End.


text:
El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua
Remote Monitoring Report
Irregular rainfall could damage grain harvests
June 2019 to January 2020
June - September 2019
The El Niño event forecast shows a 55 percent probability of the event continuing to be weak this season, meaning that irregularities in the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall will continue, potentially affecting Primera planting in areas of the region focused on producing basic grains.
Due to the lack of crops and reserves, the poorest farmers' families will rely on the market to supply their food from June to September. They will adopt coping strategies such as purchasing less nutritious food, spacing out mealtimes, reducing portion sizes and migrating to urban centers or other countries in the region to earn money to enable them to fully meet their basic food needs.
It is estimated that prices for basic grains will start to rise from June onwards, as the peak of the lean season will be beginning. Maize prices will continue to behave similarly to last year and will be above the five-year average, while red bean prices will remain stable, with below-average trends.
Income generation for vulnerable families currently depends on employment, mainly in planting basic grains. However, regions close to agricultural holdings with a commercial focus will offer employment opportunities in horticultural and tropical fruit production.
Due to declining livelihoods, crop losses and rising commodity prices, the most affected areas will be Stressed (IPC Phase 2) until January 2020.
SEASONAL CALENDAR FOR A TYPICAL YEAR
FEWS NET
Figura 1.
Número de días secos consecutivos del 13 al 19 de junio 2019, El Salvador.
MARN/DGOA/CCA
Pronóstico de precipitaciones acumuladas (mm)para junio 2019, Nicaragua
INETER
According to the latest report by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), there is a 55 percent probability that El Niño will continue during the projected outlook period. Most models predict that, on average, this event will be weak. However, it cannot be ruled out that it will reach moderate levels over a monthly range (1.0 <ONI <1.5). The tropical cyclone season is more active than usual in the eastern Pacific Ocean and will be slightly less intense than usual in the North Atlantic Basin. The different sources consulted estimate that there will be nine to 13 tropical cyclones, of which three to six would be hurricanes.
According to the Central America Climate Outlook Forum forecast, the most probable precipitation scenarios for the period from May to July 2019 in Central America are below-average precipitation in the following geographical areas: in southern, southeastern, western and northwestern Honduras; in central and eastern El Salvador; and in the Pacific and Central regions and western sectors of the North region in Nicaragua.
In the current period, below-average precipitation has been observed in several of the region's growing areas, with irregular rainfall and short-term precipitation, which have in some cases led to sudden floods, followed by days with little or no precipitation. Temperatures have remained above average in the whole region. Significant changes in these conditions are not expected over the coming months because atmospheric and oceanic conditions have not changed significantly.
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador issued a bulletin on 18 June reporting a slight meteorological drought lasting five to 10 consecutive days, mainly affecting regions in the east of the country, being classified to date as a low-intensity drought. This rainfall behavior has been recorded from 13 June to the date of issue of this report.
According to the Nicaraguan Institute of Territorial Studies (INETER), the accumulated rainfall in May exceeded the historical average in all regions of the country, with the Central Pacific, South, North and Central regions recording the greatest excesses. In the last third of the month, accumulated rainfall of between 55 mm and 750 mm was recorded, with the highest levels in the South Pacific and on the North Caribbean Coast.
REGIONAL PRODUCTION AND SALE OF BASIC GRAINS
Weather forecasts predicting irregular temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall, which could have delayed planting, have not come to pass. To date, planting has taken place as normal and no damage has been reported due to long periods of suppressed rainfall, although a slight meteorological drought is forecast in certain areas of the region. In the short term, the number of days without rain has increased and some areas where crops are damaged could be identified. The authorities responsible for agriculture in each country issued planting recommendations, mainly during the period from 15 April to 10 June, with the possibility of extending the recommendations until June 20 in areas with different periods of precipitation. In some regions where rainfall distribution and accumulation will be insufficient for maize to grow properly, it was suggested that alternative, more drought-resistant crops, such as sorghum, should be grown.
In El Salvador and Honduras, seeds and fertilizers were supplied to subsistence farmers for the first planting of the season in areas where it is considered that there will be sufficient precipitation for crop growth.
According to field reports in Nicaragua, the planting of basic grains (maize and beans) took place during the second half of May (60 percent) and the first half of June (40 percent). In El Salvador and Honduras, field visits and consultations to check on planting indicate a similar situation.
According to El Niño evolution forecasts, irregular rainfall is expected, which could affect Primera and Postrera plantings, mainly in the Dry Corridor of the region. This could lead to reduced yields and partially or totally damaged crops, mainly affecting subsistence agriculture in hilly areas.
REGIONAL BASIC GRAIN PRICE SITUATION
Proyección de precios de frijol rojo, USD/qq, El Salvador
Proyección de precios de frijol rojo, HDL/qq, Honduras
Proyección de precios de maíz, USD/qq, El Salvador
Proyección de precios de maíz, NIC/qq, Nicaragua
The Apante harvest, including crops in irrigated areas, ended in May in the region. These crops have supplied the national markets and have been traded within the countries of the region, where Nicaragua, as the largest producer of beans at this time, mainly exports to Costa Rica, El Salvador and Honduras. The production flows during this period have supplied the region's markets. However, it is estimated that prices have reached the point of equilibrium and, from June onwards, they will begin to increase due to the start of the lean season, as crops throughout the region are in the growing phase, lasting 1.5 months.
In May, maize prices in El Salvador and Nicaragua remained stable and in Honduras there were slight increases. In the three countries, prices remained similar to the trend for the previous year and above the five-year average. It is thought that this behavior will maintain prices similar or slightly higher than the previous year, mainly due to speculation. However, if Primera harvest crops are affected by irregular rainfall, upwards trends in all three countries could be exacerbated.
With regard to the sale of red beans in May, only Nicaragua registered upward price variations. However, compared with the previous year and the five-year average, price variations are negative in all three countries. For the forecast period, which runs to September, prices are predicted to keep behaving in line with or below the average.
The governments of the region, mainly in El Salvador and Honduras, continue to bolster the production of basic grains in order to ensure the supply of grains to the markets using the Primera and Postrera harvests and continue to hand out growing kits (seeds and fertilizer).
THE COFFEE SECTOR
Exportaciones de café (sacos 60 Kg)
The most up-to-date data from the International Coffee Organization records, published in April 2019, show that the volumes exported from October to April in the 2018/2019 season were lower than in the previous season, with the exception of El Salvador. Honduras registered the biggest decrease, from 4,152,000 sacks in the 2017/2018 season to 3,748,000 sacks in 2018/2019. This variation in exports is thought to result from the disincentive to produce/export caused by international market pricing conditions.
The downwards trend of prices on the international coffee market is continuing, with the average indicative price in May 2019 being USD 93.33 cents per lb, equating to a 1.2 percent reduction from April 2019, and the lowest price since July 2006. These decreases are further damaging the coffee-growing economy in the region, affecting its most vulnerable families.
REMITTANCES AND MIGRATION
El Salvador: According to the Central Bank of El Salvador, USD 2,281 million of family remittances were received in May 2019, an increase of USD 84.4 million, equivalent to year-on-year growth of 3.8 percent compared with the same period last year. The departments that received the most remittances in May 2019 were: San Salvador (19.9 percent), San Miguel (12 percent), La Unión (8.4 percent), Santa Ana (8 percent) and La Libertad (7.9 percent). Cuscatlán (2.5 percent) and San Vicente (3.4 percent) received the least.
Honduras: According to the Central Bank of Honduras (BCH), USD 401 million of remittances were received in January 2019, an increase of USD 59.6 million on what was received in January 2017. According to the January 2019 Remittance Survey, 80.5 percent of migrants surveyed resided in the United States, Spain (4.4 percent), Mexico (3.0 percent) and Panama (2.6 percent). The recipients of the most cash remittances lived in the following departments: Francisco Morazán (27.4 percent), Cortés (23.2 percent) and Atlántida (12.5 percent). The remaining 36.9 percent lived in other departments, including Yoro (8.0 percent), Olancho (6.2 percent), Comayagua (4.7 percent), Valle (3.9 percent), Choluteca (3.7 percent), and Santa Bárbara (2.1 percent).
Nicaragua: According to the Family Remittance Report published by the Central Bank of Nicaragua, in the first quarter of 2019, income was USD 383.8 million, an increase of 8.6 percent on what was received over the same period in 2018 (USD 353.4 million). The main remittance issuers were the United States (54.5 percent), Costa Rica (19.4 percent), Spain (12.5 percent) and Panama (5.3 percent). The main departments where remittances were received were Managua (36.3 percent), Chinandega (9.6 percent), León (8.2 percent), Estelí (7.8 percent), Matagalpa (6.9 percent) and Nueva Segovia (5.7 percent).
The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) estimates that, as at 16 April 2019, 62,000 Nicaraguans have left the country due to the sociopolitical crisis, of whom 87 percent are thought to have arrived in Costa Rica. A study presented by the Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress determined that 53 percent of the Nicaraguans who have arrived in Costa Rica due to the current crisis are students or professionals.
Currently, the main source of employment for poor populations in the region is planting basic grains, although populations close to agricultural holdings producing crops with a commercial focus (onions, tomatoes, chili peppers, potatoes, okra) and tropical fruits (melons, pineapples, guavas, rambutans, plantains, papayas, bananas, watermelons) will be able to access short-term work. Other major sources include work in areas where fishery products (mainly shrimp and tilapia) are produced. In each country, there are also areas that provide very specific employment in coffee and sugar cane agronomic management.
In Nicaragua, changes to tax mechanisms mean that a downturn is expected throughout the agricultural sector, which will result in a further reduction in employment opportunities. According to a May 2019 report by the Nicaraguan Foundation for Economic and Social Development (FUNIDES), the political and socioeconomic crisis in Nicaragua has caused a 10-month economic downturn, according to the monthly variation of the Monthly Economic Activity Index (IMAE). By April 2019, year-on-year inflation was 5.8 percent, and by the end of 2019 it is estimated that 98,000 people will have joined the ranks of the unemployed. It is also thought that real gross domestic product in 2019 will exhibit a negative year-on-year variation of 7.3 percent.
PROJECTED REGIONAL OUTLOOK
Food Security Outcomes
Food availability: Vulnerable populations in the Dry Corridor, mainly those in poor communities in the south and west of Honduras; in the east and west of El Salvador; and in central and northern Nicaragua, will rely on the market during the most critical period from June to September 2019, as their stocks have run out. Primera harvests should alleviate this situation for a relatively short time, as crop damage and lower-than-average yields are anticipated. It therefore seems that, once again, these households will have to rely on the market earlier than usual.
Food access: The cash obtained by vulnerable populations from temporary and sporadic employment in farming, construction and commercial roles will enable them to access the market to meet their basic food needs, albeit with some limitations. The potential increase in commodity prices during the lean season will affect the purchasing power of these households. The limited nature of temporary employment will not enable the most vulnerable households to earn sufficient cash. Cash earned from these activities will cover only the basic food needs that enable them to survive the lean season, including bartering food for work within communities and forcing at least one family member to migrate to nearby urban centers or to the capital city in search of employment.
Food consumption and changes in livelihoods: The peak of the lean season begins in May, due to the exhaustion of food stocks, the absence of mass employment opportunities and the low purchasing power acquired. The seasonal period of hunger goes hand-in-hand with the period of greater morbidity from vector-borne diseases, which affects the most vulnerable populations as the rainy season gets under way.
In El Salvador, communities in the eastern departments (San Miguel, San Vicente, Morazán, La Unión and Usulután) and the west (Ahuachapán, La Libertad, Santa Ana and Chalatenango); in Honduras, communities in the southern departments (El Paraíso, Choluteca, Francisco Morazán, Valle, and La Paz) and the west (Intibucá, Lempira, Ocotepeque and Copán); and in Nicaragua, communities in the central-north region's departments (Estelí, Madriz, Matagalpa, Jinotega, Nueva Segovia, and Chinandega), will rely on the market to supply their food but will find it difficult to access non-food staple items. Consequently, the abovementioned areas are classified as Stressed (IPC Phase 2). However, a limited number of poorer households in undeveloped communities in these regions with no basic services (health, water, education, transport) and limited access to survival strategies will have to limit their food consumption, meaning that they will be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3).
About Remote Monitoring
In remote monitoring, a coordinator typically works from a nearby regional office. Relying on partners for data, the coordinator uses scenario development to conduct analysis and produce monthly reports. As less data may be available, remote monitoring reports may have less detail than those from countries with FEWS NET offices. Learn more about our work here.
Low and affordable food prices will continue throughout the projection period

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Archive 9.2005
Archive 10.2005
Asian Dynasties
Patch 1.01 Notes
Statistics & Ladders
War Chiefs
Video Troubleshooting
ESO Account Tool
Vista FAQ
FAQ - General
FAQ - Multiplayer
Age III Board Game on Shelves Now
The Age of Empires III board game has been finalized and is now shipping to stores! You can also order the game online as mentioned below in the press release:
"Age of Empires III: The Age of Discovery is currently shipping to game retailers in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Australia, and will be on game store shelves very shortly. It may also be purchased at www.brownboxinc.com, www.eaglegames.net, and from www.funagain.com online."
Full Press Release | 05/31/07
Asian Dynasties FAQ
Age fans have posed a number of common questions on the new expansion pack for Age III, including questions on how our games will interact in mutliplayer games. Ensemble Studios Producer Brian Lemon and Lead Designer Ike Ellis from Big Huge Games penned the answers and we've posted them in our forums.
The Asian Dynasties FAQ | 05/30/07
Fire Pit Exploit Bannings
As part of the next patch, several issues have been addressed and fixed, which includes the Fire Pit exploit. The patch is still undergoing extensive testing and will be released as soon as it is completed. The latest exploit takes advantage of the Fire Pit and is being reported to us. We will be banning any players caught using this exploit after today. Any player reported or caught taking advantage of this bug as of today will be given at least a 3 week ban and will be removed from the ladders. This is part of the ongoing effort against cheating and hacking in online play.
If you feel that you have been exploited please send us an e-mail with a screenshot and recorded game to age3.abuse@ensemblestudios.com.
GameSpy Asian Dynasties Interview
GameSpy recently sat down with Brian Reynolds of Big Huge Games to talk to him about Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties. The interview covers some of the same ground as the recent GameSpot interview, but with some great new pieces of information for Age fans and some new screenshots:
"GameSpy: What new civilizations can we expect to play with this time around?
Reynolds: China, Japan and India."
GameSpy Interview | 05/25/07
Bruce's Blog: Dynasties
Ensemble Studios designer Bruce Shelley has posted a new blog update, where the hot topic is obviously the new expansion pack, The Asian Dynasties! He talks about the status of this expansion pack, Ensemble Studios' relationship with Big Huge Games, and even the finalized Age of Empires III board game which is now shipping to stores.
Bruce's Blog | 05/24/07
New Asian Dynasties Screenshot
Gamereplays.org has a new Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties screenshot available for viewing. Unlike most Age screenshots that you'll see, this one is quite zoomed in, showing off some of the amazing detail going into units for this latest expansion pack.
Gamereplays Screenshot | 05/23/07
GameSpot Dynasties Interview
The guys at GameSpot have an interview with Big Huge Games designer Brian Reynolds on Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties, shedding further light on this upcoming expansion pack for Age III:
"GameSpot: While the first Age of Empires III expansion, The WarChiefs, added New World content and Native American tribes, this new expansion pack expands into the Orient. Why choose this part of the world as the next place to explore for Age of Empires III?
Brian Reynolds: It's the one substantial piece of the Age of Exploration that's been missing from Age of Empires III, which has had, up until now, a New World emphasis. Remember, the East Indies is where Columbus wanted to go when he set sail, and especially when you think of the spice trade, the silk trade, and all the wars that were fought over them, it seems clear that this is a really interesting region to focus on."
GameSpot Interview | 05/21/07
New Age of Empires III Expansion Coming...
Pack your bags -- "Age of Empires® III" is heading east. Microsoft Game Studios, Ensemble Studios and Big Huge Games Inc. today unveiled the first details about "Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties," the second expansion pack for the top-selling "Age of Empires III" that arrives on Microsoft® Windows® XP- and Windows Vista™-based PCs this fall. The expansion pack will introduce gamers to Asian civilizations, a host of new gameplay features, and a new developer that will provide a unique spin to a classic favorite.
Players will experience firsthand the rich and historical influences of Asia while commanding their units and expanding their empire in the Eastern world. The latest expansion pack will be the first "Age of Empires" title developed by Big Huge Games, the development studio responsible for the incredibly popular real-time strategy franchise "Rise of Nations®."
Screenshot (1600x1200) | Press Release | 05/18/07
HeavenGames Celebrates Ten Years
We must extend our congratulations to the team at HeavenGames. Ten years ago today Age of Empires Heaven was launched by Mike "Archangel" McCart, who later went on to join us here at Ensemble Studios for many years. It is a testament to the amazing staff and fans at HeavenGames that this fan site is still around to this day, and their growth into a network of sites has been so successful.
Congratulations from all of us here at Ensemble Studios! Here's hoping for many more decades of success.
GameReplays.org 1v1 Tourney
The guys at GameReplays.org have just announced plans for a 1v1 WarChiefs tournament with slots for 256 players! Sign-ups will open on May 11, and there will be $200 in prizes up for grabs. Make sure you check out the official rules, and best of luck to everyone!
GameReplays.org | Tournament Rules | 05/09/07
Over 500k ESO Accounts
Over the weekend, Ensemble Studios Online processed the creation of the 500,000th player account. A great many Age players have picked up our games over the years, but it's still very exciting for the team here when we reach milestones like these. We'd like to extend a big thank you to all of the Agers out there who log on to battle on ESO, share strategies, and or just hang out and chat.
Number of ESO Accounts: 501,952
Total Number of Age III Games Played: 15,874,748
Total Number of WarChiefs Games Played: 1,603,226
Forums Terms of Use
Online Gaming Policy


Ingredients: Pumpkin leaves and tender stems (250 gms), drumstick leaves ( optional, a fistful ), moong dal ( 1 cup), red chillis ( 2-3 nos ), pancha phutana ( 1/3 tsp), garlic pods ( 3-4 nos), oil ( 2-3 tsp), salt.
Cooking: Dry roast the moong dal till it gives off its distinctive smell . Transfer to a pressure cooker and add 1.5 cups water along with a bit of salt. Allow to cook for 5 mins or till the dal is 3/4th cooked. It should not become mashy. Drain excess water and keep aside.
Heat a wok. Add the oil. When it starts smoking, add the pancha phutana and red chillis. Crush and add the garlic pods. Fry till the garlic pods turn golden.
Add the finely chopped pumpkin leaves and stem and stir for 10 minutes. Add the drumstick leaves along with the cooked moong dal and salt, and allow to cook till any excess water evaporates.
Note- Keep stirring and separating the leaves so that they do not get bunched up during the cooking.
Thanks for sharing such delicious authentic recipes!


text:
Denis Tardif est un homme politique québécois, élu député de Rivière-du-Loup-Témiscouata à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec sous la bannière de la Coalition avenir Québec lors des élections générales québécoises du  octobre 2018.

Biographie

Études
Tardif est détenteur d'un baccalauréat en philosophie, d'un diplôme d'études collégiales en art et technologie des médias et d'un diplôme d'études collégiales.

Politique
De 1988 à 1993 il est attaché politique pour la députée de Kamourasca-Témiscouata France Dionne.

En 2005 il est élu conseiller municipal de la ville de Rivière-du-Loup, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'en 2011.

De 2007 à 2013 il est directeur des affaires régionales du Québec pour le gouvernement fédéral de Stephen Harper.

À l'occasion des élections générales québécoises du  octobre 2018, il se présente sous la bannière de la Coalition avenir Québec. Il est élu avec 39,2 % des voies face au député libéral sortant Jean D'Amour.

En , dans le contexte de la pandémie de Covid-19, une vidéo apparait où l'on voit celui-ci désobéir aux règles de distanciation physique, entre autres, en se rapprochant des gens sans porter le masque, alors que le gouvernement et la santé publique invitaient la population à respecter les règles sanitaires. Il est alors exclu temporairement du caucus de la CAQ. En  , il réintègre le caucus avec l'appui de trois municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) qui avaient adopté des résolutions pour appuyer sa demande de réintégration.

Résultats électoraux

Notes et références

Député de la Coalition avenir Québec à l'Assemblée nationale
Personnalité politique québécoise


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Miva Merchant ranks No. 1,249 on the 2013 Inc. 500|5000 and No. 78 on Inc.'s Top Companies in the software industry.
We have our outstanding clients as well as unparalleled Miva specialists to thank for these excellent results.
Inc. Magazine has named Miva Merchant as one of the fastest growing private companies in the nation. The Inc. 500│5000 List is an exclusive listing comprised of the leading companies and drivers of the U.S. economy. The companies on this year's distinguished list are reported to have created over 520,000 jobs in the past three years. The list ranks companies according to their overall revenue growth over the last three years.
Miva Merchant, a leading ecommerce platform, announced today that it ranked #1249 on the 2013 Inc. 500|5000 List. Miva Merchant also ranked #78 among Inc. 500's list of top companies in the software industry. Miva Merchant shares this honor alongside their notable clients, such as ScotteVest.com, DriNights.com, GreatBritainTile.com and many others.
Miva Merchant, located in San Diego, CA is a leading e-commerce solution consisting of PA-DSS validated shopping cart software, PCI compliant ecommerce hosting, credit card processing services and custom website design and development for businesses looking to sell online. For more information about Miva Merchant, please visit http://www.mivamerchant.com.


text:
ART COLLECTOR TRIUMPHS IN CT CLASSIC
Art Collector and Luis Saez won the G2 Charles Town Classic. Photo by Allison Janezic.
Ted Black
In the days and eventually the last few minutes leading up to the 13th edition of the Grade II, $800,000 Charles Town Classic on Friday night, much of the attention rapidly shifted to Art Collector, the morning line favorite who was eventually made the 6-5 choice at post time, and defending Classic champion Sleepy Eyes Todd, who had embarked on a genuine world tour since winning the previous edition of the event one year earlier.
Not surprisingly, those two runners would eventually garner the attention of onlookers throughout the nine-furlong affair contested around three turns over the historic Jefferson County oval in what was virtually a match race for the final three furlongs.
Sleepy Eyes Todd had gained command soon after the break on a night when front-runners had owned a distinct advantage, but Art Collector refused to allow the defending champ to gain a genuine, comfortable advantage at any point.
Over a surface that had produced wicked fractions and fast final clockings, Sleepy Eyes Todd and Art Collector were hardly engaged in a spirited duel in their tour over the strip with the tandem setting modest fractions 23.80, 47.90 and 1:12.40 for the first three calls.
At the top of the lane, Art Collector collared the defending Classic champion and he edged clear in the final 100 yards to a 1 ½-length score while stopping the timer in 1:49.39 for the nine-furlong affair.
A four-year-old Bernardini colt trained by Hall of Fame conditioner Bill Mott, who made the trip down from New York for the race on the eve of Saturday's Travers Day at Saratoga when he would saddle horses in three Grade I events, Art Collector notched his second straight stakes and now owns seven wins and roughly $1.3 million banked from 14 career tries for owner Bruce Lunsford.
He had previously captured the Grade 2 Blue Grass one year earlier along with two other minor stakes and now will be pointing toward the Grade 1 Woodward at Belmont Park, another nine-furlong event albeit around just one turn.
"I thought he was really coming into the race pretty well," Mott said. "But you know there are never any easy spots to run a horse, especially going for this kind of money. I thought the defending champion [Sleepy Eyes Todd] was going to be tough. Even though they weren't going fast fractions early, I thought Sleepy Eyes Todd was going to be tough to beat. The track had been playing like a conveyor belt all night with speed holding up, so I wasn't sure until maybe the sixteenth pole that he was going by that other horse. We'll go to the Woodward next and see how well he does cutting back from three turns to just one."
Saez also noted that Art Collector was traveling easily through the modest early fractions and admitted he was confident his horse would overtake Sleepy Eyes Todd in the final furlong.
"I knew were weren't going very fast early, but I didn't want Sleepy Eyes Todd to get an easy lead," Saez said. "I wanted to just stay right off of him until maybe the eighth pole, then at the sixteenth pole I knew I had him. That other horse didn't give up, but my horse was going really good. When we hit the top of the stretch, I knew he was going by. I had to get after him a little bit, but that was because the horse inside me wasn't going to give up."
In today's BackTracks, songwriter Burt Bacharach bred a pair of West Virginia-breds that competed against — and often beat — the best of their generations.
Art Collector won four of six starts at age three, including the Blue Grass and the Ellis Park Derby before running fourth in the Preakness Stakes and eighth in the Met Mile, which proved to be the final start of his sophomore campaign. He would return to finish sixth as the 6-5 choice in the Kellys Landing at Churchill Downs in June, but rebounded to take the Alydar Stakes at Saratoga as the 9-5 favorite in his previous outing while getting the nine furlongs in 1:48.20 with Saez aboard him for the first time.
"He ran well for me at Saratoga and I was looking forward to riding him back," Saez said. "He's got a lot of speed. I didn't want to use him too much early tonight, but I knew I had to be close to the pace and I didn't want to be too far off [Sleepy Eyes Todd]."
Sleepy Eyes Todd, who has literally traveled the globe since winning the 2020 edition of the Charles Town Classic, was a solid second in his title defense on Friday, while Rushie (Victor Espinoza) settled for third and Restrainedvengeance took fourth. Since taking the Classic last summer, Sleepy Eyes Todd had competed in four Grade I events, including the Pegasus World Cup at Gulfstream Park, the Saudi Cup and the Dubai World Cup during a busy three months to start this campaign. He had finished a dull third as the 2-5 favorite in a minor stakes at Fonner Park last out, but displayed plenty of speed and late grit while second to Art Collector in the Classic on Friday.
Although winless in five starts this year for trainer Miguel Angel Silva and Thumbs Up Racing (David Cobb), Sleepy Eyes Todd has earned over $1.3 million. In 20 lifetime tries, Sleepy Eyes Todd now sports an 8-3-1 slate and just over $2 million banked, roughly one-fourth of which he has earned in two consecutive appearances in the Charles Town Classic.
Previous"Game changer" as R Adios Jersey wins CT Oaks
NextSpa selections 2021: Saratoga picks August 28
Ted Black, a Maryland native, has covered racing — flat and harness, in West Virginia and in Maryland — since 1987 and is now in his fourth decade on the beat. He is president of the Maryland Racing Media Association. Follow him on twitter @tblacksomds1.