Abuja, Nigeria. February 16th, 2016 –NOIPolls Limited recently conducted a special public opinion poll on Nigerians residing within the North-East geo-political zone of the country (Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states). The poll sought to contribute to the discourse on the plight of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and specifically sought the opinions of Nigerians on the prevalence of hunger and starvation in parts of North-Eastern Nigeria. The poll also identified specific communities and towns considered most vulnerable to hunger and starvation.
Key findings from the poll revealed that a significant proportion of respondents, at least 7 in 10 (73 percent), residing within the North-East region, acknowledged the prevalence of hunger and starvation in parts of the region, with women and children under 5 years being the most affected. Further findings revealed that although 56 percent of respondents claimed they eat up to three time a day, a significant proportion (27 percent) stated that they eat only two times in a day, with almost one in every ten respondent (9 percent) stating categorically that they eat only once in every 24 hours.
Similarly, 56 percent of respondents revealed that they often have to ration their meals or restrict adult consumption in order to enable the children feed adequately; with 26 percent having to rely on family and friends for sustenance. Furthermore, when probed on the capacity of their incomes to meet their monthly food need, about 1 in 4 respondents (25 percent) stated that their income does not meet up with their food needs, but they just have to manage the little they have.
Finally, respondents were able to identify towns, communities and local government areas in the North-East zone which in their opinion are worst hit by high prevalence of hunger and starvation. In particular, respondents identified some towns and communities considered the worst hit areas such as: Itas-Gadau, Alkaleri, Kirfi, Pali and Mansuru in Bauchi state; Bama, Askira-Uba, Lassa, Chibok and Konduga in Borno state; Kumi, Ardo-Kola, Zing, Ibi and Lau in Taraba state; Gulani, Gujba, Yunusari, Jakusko and Tarmuwa in Yobe state; Dukku, Kaltungo, Jamari, Nafada and Laro in Gombe; and Mubi, Wurobokki, Musathaka and Tashala in Adamawa state.
These are the key findings from the poll on Hunger in North-East Nigeriaconducted by NOIPolls in the week commencing February 1st 2016.
A 2015 report by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) approximated the number of people around the world unable to obtain enough food to live healthy and productive lives at 795 million out of 7.6 billion people on earth between the years, 2014-2016. Asia is the continent with the world's hungriest people. Hunger is synonymous with undernourishment which means that a person is not able to acquire enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements, over a period of one year. Similarly, starvation refers to a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake needed to maintain human life. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition which can result from hunger. Nigeria is currently ranked 14th with the score of 32.2 percent (where 0 is low and 100 is extremely high) in the 2015 World Global hunger index (GHI). However, Nigeria has been reducing hunger since 1990 as the country has moved from 'extremely alarming' in 1990 to 'serious' in 2015 in the global hunger categories.
The number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria has increased exponentially especially in the North-East due to insurgency, and this has further fuelled the spread of hunger and starvation. Current reports state that Nigeria has the highest number of IDPs on the continent, with estimates of over 3 million IDPs in the country. According to a report on Daily Independent Newspaper "there is a proven link and interaction between food insecurity, conflict, refugees, internally-displaced persons (IDPs). A failed or failing state means many African countries remain on the brink of disaster". By the end of 2014, global conflicts had forced almost 60 million people to abandon their homes as revealed in the 2015 MDGs report. Nigeria has experienced its own fair share with the number of IDPs currently estimated at over 3 million citizens.
In the light of the above, NOIPolls conducted a special public opinion poll on hunger and starvation in North-East Nigeria in order to contribute to the discourse on the plight of IDPs and seek the opinions & perception of Nigerians residing in the North East zone on the effects of hunger, its prevalence and communities considered most vulnerable within the region.
A report from the World Bank on global consumption of goods and services revealed that food and beverages (56.81 percent) accounted for the items Nigerians spend more of their household income on. However, few Nigerians have access to safe and nutritionally adequate food in view of global food security standards. In determining the frequency of food consumption per day in the North East zone, majority of the respondents (64 percent) stated that they eat 3 times daily, with respondents in Bauchi and Yobe (65 percent each) states having the highest response in this category. Also, respondents from Borno (13 percent), Taraba (12 percent) and Adamawa (11 percent) states represented the lowest daily food consumption rates in the North East implying that Borno state has the highest incidence of hunger in the North East zone of Nigeria. Analysis by age-group revealed that respondents between 18 – 25 years (63 percent) accounted for the largest proportion of respondents who eat 3 times daily and this could be attributed to the older respondents rationing their food for the younger ones.
According to the 2014 Africa Multiple Indicator Scorecard on Hunger and Food Security, Nigeria has the highest number of hungry people in West Africa, with about 12.1 million people who are hungry or under nourished in the country. News reports also disclosed that the deepening humanitarian crisis in North-Eastern Nigeria has led to the displacement of over 1.5 million people, and causing about 4 million people to experience acute food insecurity and are in need of humanitarian assistance. Our findings corroborate these reports as 73 percent of residents from this region affirmed that there is a prevalence of hunger and starvation in some communities and towns in the North-East zone. Residents from Borno state (85 percent) accounted for the largest proportion of respondents who affirmed this statement. On the contrary, 27 percent responded negatively to this and Bauchi state residents with 42 percent represent the highest number of respondents in this category.
Similarly, respondents who admitted that there is prevalence of hunger in the North-East region also identified some of the communities and towns suffering from the prevalence of hunger as follows: Itas-Gadau in Bauchi state (2.9 percent), Bama in Borno state (2.6 percent) and Kumi in Taraba state (2.3 percent) topped the list of these communities and towns amongst others. However other towns and communities include: Alkaleri, Kirfi, Pali and Mansuru in Bauchi state; Askira-Uba, Lassa, Chibok and Konduga in Borno state; Ardo-Kola, Zing, Ibi and Lau in Taraba state; Gulani, Gujba, Yunusari, Jakusko and Tarmuwa in Yobe state; Dukku, Kaltungo, Jamari, Nafada and Laro in Gombe; and Mubi, Wurobokki, Musathaka and Tashala in Adamawa state.
In summary, this public opinion poll has been able to provide some empirical evidence on the prevalence of hunger and starvation in parts of North-East Nigeria, particularly in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states. Key findings from the poll has revealed that more than 7 in 10 residents (73 percent) of the North-East region acknowledge the prevalence of hunger and starvation in the region, with women and children under 5 years being the most affected. The poll further revealed that 27 percent of respondents eat only two times daily, with almost one in every ten respondent (9 percent) stating categorically that they eat only once in a day. In addition, 56 percent of respondents polled confirmed that they often have to ration their meals and restrict adult consumption in their households in order to enable the children feed adequately; with 26 percent having to rely on family and friends for sustenance. Also, the income of about 1 in 4 respondents (25 percent) does not meet up with the food needs of residents; but given the situation at hand, they just have to make do with little.
Given the ongoing attacks on civilians in the North-East region, conditions for safe return to their homes are still at a slow pace, besides many of their towns and villages have been ravaged in the attacks. Therefore, organisations such as NEMA, SEMA and International development organisations & NGOs like the World Food Programme (WFP) and Action Against Hunger (ACH) are encouraged to design their intervention programmes & operations around critical humanitarian needs like treatment for severe acute hunger and malnutrition cases, food aid, shelter, non-food items, water, sanitation and hygiene to Nigerians living in both the formal IDP camps and informal camps (which have been said to hold for more IDPs than the formal government approved camps).
Finally, this report has identified specific communities, towns and local governments where hunger and starvation are pervasive in the North-East region of Nigeria. We therefore expect that governments at both federal and state levels, as well as local and international humanitarian organisations find this information as "low hanging fruits", useful for targeting intervention programmes geared towards the eradication of hunger.
This public opinion poll was conducted through telephone interviews. A proportionate randomly selected sample of 1,000 phone-owning Nigerians, residents in the North-East geo-political zone, 18 years and above, were interviewed across the six states in the region (Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states). This sample size provides a 95 percent confidence interval that the results obtained are within a range of plus or minus 3.0 percent of the opinions of the population. This means that if the survey is conducted 100 times using the exact same procedures, the margin of error would include the true value in 95 out of 100 surveys. The interviews were conducted mainly in Hausa, Pidgin English and English. The use of these languages reduce the likelihood of a non-response bias.


text:
Q: Using a function as dictionary I am designing a small library, and trying to keep the API as small as
possible, the idea of using a function as a dictionary/object itself looks
appealing.
The idea is to be able to call a function normally like:
fn('hello', 'some other extra info to be processed', etc...)

This call will process the information and then store it somewhere. This processed information can be accessed in certain conditions (not the typical use case), and it would be great to fetch information in this fashion:
fn['hello']
//-> some stuff

In python for instance it would be very easy to overload the [] operator,
but AFAIK there is not an easy and reliable way in JS that works in most
environments (proxies seem to do the trick, but we are not so far yet). Getters and setters are not an option since the user can input any value.
Therefore, I am left with setting attributes of the function object, which
seems hacky because I might overwrite the original attributes of the function,
for instance:

*

*apply

*prototype

*__proto__
However, many things in the JS world are hacky and we happily do them
everyday. The question: is this unsafe and will lead to the death of thousands of kittens?

A: You could use setter and getter functions for it.
The disadvantage is, you have to know in advance which keys you use.

function fn(s) {
    if (!fn[s]) {
        Object.defineProperty(fn, s, { get: function () { document.write('hello '+s+'!
'); }, set: function () { } });
    }
    document.write('hello ' + s + '
');
}

fn('stackoverflow');
fn['stackoverflow'];
fn('42');
fn['42'];
fn['stackoverflow'];

A:
@Thomas, there are two operations. Calling the function would process and register some data, and the [] access would return this data. Anyway, the use case is not worth explaining in depth, the question is if this will explode or not.

Yes, it will explode, not because of the properties you already mentioned, but because of length and name. These properties are more likely to show up on a dictionary (than apply, prototype or proto), and will cause you trouble, because you can't just overwrite them on a function. You can redefine them with defineProperty, but all that just increases the complexity, memory-footprint, yada yada yada ... for no good reason.
A better approach would be a combined getter and setter, especially since this pattern is aready in use by Libs like jQuery for example:
function getterSetter(key, value){
    if(arguments.length > 1){
        this[key] = value;
    }else{
        return this[key];
    }
}
//for explicitely telling wether you want to get() or set()
function getter(key){ return this[key]; }
function setter(key, value){ this[key] = value; }

function dict(){
    var cache = Object.create(null);
    var fn = getterSetter.bind(cache);
    fn.get = getter.bind(cache);
    fn.set = setter.bind(cache);
    return fn;
}

Usage
var cache = dict();
//set
cache.set("hello", "kitty");
//or just
cache("hello", "kitty");

//get
cache.get("hello");
//or
cache("hello");

and even when you want to map over an Array:
var values = ["foo", "bar", "hello"].map( cache.get );

in this case, you can't use the shortcut .map(cache) because the map-function passes two more arguments, the index and the Array, and cache() would interpret the index as the value to set.
Or you can account for that:
funciton isArrayLike(obj){
    return !!obj && typeof obj === "object" && (+obj.length) === (obj.length >>> 0);
}

function getterSetter(key, value, arr){
    if(arguments.length > 1 && !isArrayLike(arr)){
        this[key] = value;
    }else{
        return this[key];
    }
}

var values = ["foo", "bar", "hello"].map(cache);

But that are implementation-details on your lib. aka. your decision.

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text:
'Fugitive' Dutch arms dealer linked to Liberian war granted R1m bail in Cape Town
Caryn Dolley
Augustinus Petrus Kouwenhoven is seen in the Cape Town Magistrate's Court. (Jenni Evans, News24)
'Fugitive' Dutch arms dealer to hear if he'll be freed on bail
Dutch arms dealer used 'blood money' to finance lavish lifestyle
Warlord assassin, arms dealer and a mafioso - international fugitives who settled in SA
'Seriously ill' Dutch arms dealer to spend another night in custody
Detaining me longer could kill me - Dutch arms dealer arrested in Cape Town
Fugitive Dutch arms dealer linked to Liberian war nabbed in Cape Town
Cape Town – A Dutch arms dealer, convicted of crimes against humanity and for selling firearms to former Liberian president Charles Taylor, has been granted bail in Cape Town under strict conditions.
Augustinus Petrus Kouwenhoven, 75, who the State has argued is a fugitive from justice and a flight risk, will have to report to the Sea Point police station daily.
He has also been placed under house arrest and his passport is to be handed in.
Kouwenhoven appeared in the Cape Town Magistrate's Court on Tuesday where Magistrate Vusi Mhlanga granted his release on bail.
"The applicant has already been convicted, he's not someone presumed to be innocent," Mhlanga said, while reading out his ruling.
He listed several concerns he had.
'Not forthcoming'
"This court is concerned Mr Kouwenhoven hasn't been forthcoming about disclosing his assets and business interests," Mhlanga said.
Mhlanga said it appeared Kouwenhoven had assets, most in his wife's name, worth more than R100m outside of the Netherlands, where he may be extradited to, as he faces jail time there.
He said Kouwenhoven also appeared not to have any ties to the Netherlands, aside from being from there.
Factors considered in whether or not to grant him bail included looking at the travel documents Kouwenhoven possessed and the likelihood of him fleeing the country.
'Poorly guarded borders'
"The court is also mindful of the fact that the borders of this country are poorly guarded," Mhlanga said.
He was worried that Kouwenhoven was said to be friends with the president of Congo Brazzaville and there were no extradition agreements between this country and the Netherlands.
Kouwenhoven was arrested in the upmarket suburb of Fresnaye nearly two weeks ago.
He faces possible extradition to the Netherlands, where he faces a 19-year jail sentence, for crimes committed in Liberia between 1999 and 2002.
Following a series of legal battles, including appealing convictions, Kouwenhoven was in April 2017 convicted in the Netherlands of crimes against humanity and selling firearms to Taylor.
Kouwenhoven plans to appeal his conviction.
During his bail application last week, he had said, via an affidavit, that he was seriously ill and that being detained in custody for a length of time could prove fatal.
READ: Detaining me longer could kill me - Dutch arms dealer arrested in Cape Town
Kouwenhoven had said he had a life expectancy of three years.
He said he was too ill to travel and needed help to care for himself daily.
However, in an affidavit, Interpol investigator Warrant Officer Willem Jacobus van der Heever, had said that police investigators had seen Kouwenhoven driving around Cape Town in his luxury vehicles.
READ: 'Fugitive' Dutch arms dealer spotted driving around Cape Town in luxury cars, court hears
It emerged during the bail application last week that Kouwenhoven, his wife, and two-year-old twin children stayed in a R90m mansion overlooking the Atlantic Seaboard.
A second home of theirs had been sold for R12m. His wife also owned a luxury spa.
State advocate Christopher Burke had argued that Kouwenhoven had set up an opulent life in Cape Town that was funded with "blood money".
Read more on: augustinus petrus kouwenhoven | cape town | crime
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text:
Archive -Feb 2008
When Psychology. . .
When Psychology Met Spirituality
By Faraaz Tanveer
The world congress on psychology and spirituality 2008 created new possibilities of collaboration between these two apparently disparate but ultimately symbiotic worldviews.
A significant aspect of the present times is that as our awareness increases, the barriers between different disciplines are dropping and merging. One event that highlighted this symbiosis dramatically was the recently held World Congress on Psychology and Spirituality, in New Delhi at the India Habitat Centre. A collaborative effort by the Infinity Foundation, the Association for Transpersonal Psychology, and the Shruti Foundation, it brought together researchers and practitioners from diverse fields with the aim of marrying first-person experiential methodologies of sadhana with third-person psychological models.
Action-packed
The four days of the event were packed with activities from seven in the morning till late evening, providing the delegates from more than 50 countries with an array of workshops to choose from.
Each day started with a yoga session with Swami Vidyanand, followed by a choice of nine panel sessions of two hours each, with two to three such sessions per day. These sessions were the highlight of the event, since they brought together like-minded participants in small groups to enrich their mutual understanding of diverse topics.
The topics were exhaustive, ranging from the role of spirituality in education, healing, creativity, aging, psychotherapy, feminism, work, family, marriage, youth, cultural studies, organisational leadership, cosmology and more, to the emerging trends of transpersonal psychology and existential metapsychiatry, which stems from spiritually-driven therapy and places special emphasis on awareness.
There was also an attempt to explore the wealth of insights from Eastern traditions with panel discussions on Tantra, Vedic psychology, Shamanism, Buddhist psychotherapy, Kabbalah and the integral psychology of Shri Aurobindo. In addition, the evening plenary sessions had illustrious masters and experts like Dr Kapila Vatsyayan, Dr Kireet Joshi, Jack Cornfield, Robert Thurman, Sudhir Kakar, Pawan Verma, Stanislav Groff, Swami Shantatmananda and Ramdass Lamb sharing their experiences with the delegates.
The Congress was inaugurated by Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, who emphasised the need for elementary psychology being taught in schools to equip our children with the tools to manage their lives, and to rescue psychology from the elitist trap it finds itself in today. He pointed out, "In India, spirituality and science have never been separate. In fact, spirituality is the scientific study of the psyche…the need of the hour is to secularise religion, socialise business and spiritualise politics."
D. Karan Singh (MP and eminent Vedic scholar) spotlighted the promise and danger of our times, quoting Arthur Koestler's predictions on the self-destructive tendencies of the human race and Sri Aurobindo's vision of humanity leading to divinity. "It is the road we choose to follow now that will determine the future course of humanity, so we must choose wisely," he stressed.
'Inner' renaissance
Mr Rajiv Malhotra (founder, Infinity Foundation), said that the need for a foundation like Infinity arose since in the West the wealth of Indian scriptural knowledge is being clubbed under 'religious studies' and not given its due, and in the East it is not being studied and taught in the name of secularism. "The time is ripe for a second, 'inner' renaissance based on Indian insights," he said.
One of the major themes
running right through the Congress was the emergence of Transpersonal Psychological approaches. Stan Groff, whom many consider the father of Transpersonal Psychology, reiterated, "Transpersonal Psychology is spirituality based on personal experience. It is the first person account of self-development. It respects and draws from ancient intuitive traditions and has made Indian spirituality respectable and 'mainstream' in psychological circles. It's time the West eschews its arrogance and opens up to all influences."
Glenn Hartillus (Co-editor, International Journal of Transpersonal Studies) made an interesting presentation on the need for a shift in our interpretations of 'value' and 'science' based on Western, Cartesian, linear thought. "The problem is not only with Eastern spiritual 'vagueness' but also with the Western psychological obsession with objectivity, and its artificially created division between subject and object," he observed.
An issue of concern for many was the need for spiritual education among the youth.
Also, the danger of the 'secular' trap of brushing aside all traditional teachings as being communal. Ramdas Lamb (expert on comparative religion and former practising sadhu) warned against ' throwing out the spiritual baby with the dogmatic bathwater.' He added, "Ignorance leads to fear, fear leads to hate and hatred leads to violence. So instead of turning a blind eye to religion in 'secular' education, the need of the hour is to talk about all religions and to provide a 'spiritual buffet' for our kids to feast upon. The narrow-minded voices are a vocal minority, and the rest of us are an apathetic majority," he observed.
Roundtable networking
Every minute of this eclectic gathering was put to productive use. The Theme Table networking activities, for instance. These seventy-five-minute theme roundtable discussions were organised during the lunches to foster future international collaborations on projects. A delegate could join any of the numbered tables during lunch and contribute ideas and inputs towards formulating workable collaborations on the chosen theme. The themes ranged from: 'Fundraising for congress projects', 'Future of yoga in the world', 'Future of organizations, work and service' and many more. A number of innovative collaborative efforts came out of these discussions. These lunches were also livened up by Jessica Bockler (theatre director, performer and lecturer from Liverpool) who gave some lively and interactive performances of 'Ritual Theatre', exploring the mysteries of creativity through songs and stories at 'The Hub'— the open-air arena at India Habitat Centre.
Making a song and dance of it
The evenings were peppered with vibrant cultural performances. Dance and music, both classical and folk, and a special musical offering by slum children on the last day, were highly appreciated by the delegates. The closing evening also had a 'Youth event', where the participants showcased their talents. Each day ended with a lavish open-air vegetarian dinner spread, where all the delegates shared the day's experiences, and many new connections were formed.
A number of interesting events were also planned around the conference. The pre-congress events included the launch of Shruti Foundation's journal, Sútra (a journal for research on education, psychology, traditional sciences and systems, health and consciousness) by Dr Kapila Vatsyayan on January 5. Shruti (founder, Shruti Foundation) emphasised on the need for bringing traditional Indian wisdom within the reach of the general public from an early age, and for study, documentation and assimilation of this wisdom in teaching. Yagna Meditation and Fire Ritual for World Peace and the Holotropic Breathwork Session were also conducted before the start of the Congress.
And finally, these four days showcased a breathtaking collage of talent and viewpoints from around the world.
It also reaffirmed everyone's faith in the notion of working together for a better tomorrow.


text:
Home home Ice Hockey / Magnus League "Wednesday should not be taken lightly", Grenoble...
Ice Hockey / Magnus League "Wednesday should not be taken lightly", Grenoble to a victory of the title after a third success against Angers!
Dylan Fabre (Grenoble striker): "The mission was victory: so inevitably very satisfied. Afterwards, we are not going to lie to each other, penalties are always the lottery. We were lucky, "Kuba" (Jakub Stepanek) did his job in the cage, we come out with the two away wins, it's perfect. Opposite they didn't give us a minute's respite, they didn't give up. The important thing was to take as few goals as possible, which we managed to cope with their big offensive by taking only two. Wednesday should not be taken lightly: there could have been 2-2 in the series tonight. We will take this match point like any other match, and we will see what happens in the end. »
Ethan Goldberg (Angers coach): "The situation is that we are back against the wall now, as we were against Rouen. We have to take each game after the other now, and we will fight to snatch this sixth game. These last two matches were different. Today, I think more success in power-play could have helped us. Yesterday to take advantage of our momentum. »
Grenoble strikes the first in this game 4. After only 26 seconds of play, Dylan Fabre on the line with Sacha Treille and Joël Champagne (Aurélien Dair left the game after a blow, but returned to the ice five minutes later) deceives the Angers goalkeeper, taking his own rebound (0-1). A first period dominated by the Dukes, who fail to deceive Jakub Stepanek. The Wolf Burners failed to make it 2-0 before the first break, but Sacha Treille stumbled over Evan Cowley on a penalty shot.
Stepanek shines, the ineffective Angevin power-play
On the other side, Jakub Stepanek preserves the meager advantage of his team, chaining the stops: in particular against Philippe Halley, with the end of the boot in front of Danick Bouchard, or with the shoulder on a shot from Vincent Llorca in the second period. Guilty of a charge in the back at the end of the second period, Markus Poukkula left his teammates ten minutes, but Grenoble held firm. Taking advantage in particular of the inefficiency of the Angevin power-play.
But the former BDL Antonin Manavian goes through it. With a powerful throw in the middle of the offensive zone, the defender equalized four against four (47th, 1-1). A match restarted a few minutes, before Markus Poukkula, back the day before from two months of injury, restored the advantage to Grenoble (52nd, 1-2)… A few seconds, Bouchard equalizing in stride (53rd, 2-2 ).
Grenoble still wins on penalties
Like the day before, return to overtime at three against three for ten minutes. Managed without huge risk-taking on both sides, except for these two minutes of Angevin superiority, which did nothing. It is still on penalties that the decision is made. And Grenoble won thanks to three shots on goal by Nicolas Deschamps, Sacha Treille and Dylan Fabre (against one for Angers by Philippe Halley).
The sheet
In Angers (IceParc): Grenoble beats Angers 3-2 (1-0, 0-0, 1-2; 0-0; 3 pens to 1), 3-1 in the series.
Referees: Messrs. Rauline, Barcelo, Goncalves and Douchy. 3586 spectators.
Goals for Angers: 46'00 [4v4] Manavian (Llorca, Halley); 52'30" Bouchard (Torquato, Sarlieve).
Goals for Grenoble: 0'27" Fabre (Treille, Champagne), 51'56" Poukkula (Deschamps); Trellis.
Penalties: 10′ (5×2′) against Angers; 24′ (7×2′ + 10′) against Grenoble.
>> Relive the match live with commentary by clicking here
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Tag: FBI
Naval Air Station Attack: Cell Phone Privacy
The recent Pensacola Naval Air Station shooting left the FBI with the assailant's locked iPhone. Apple has refused efforts to assist with bypassing the security features. Should legislation require Apple provide a back door to law enforcement? Hear more about the cell phone privacy debate between two noted cyber and privacy experts.
On Friday, December 6, an aviation student from Saudi Arabia opened fire in a classroom at the Pensacola Naval Air Station (NAS) killing three people in the attack and injuring eight others. Another Saudi student recorded the shooting events as it unfolded. The shooter was identified as Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani, an aviation student from Saudi Arabia. The assailant's name doesn't really matter because the question in these national security threats remains the same.
How does law enforcement obtain personal information off smart devices in a timely fashion?
What role does cell phone privacy play when it comes to terror attacks such as the most recent Naval Air Station attack?
Leading computer forensic expert Lee Neubecker, CEO & President of Enigma Forensics discusses with the Data Diva, Debbie Reynolds of Debbie Reynolds Consulting about the many technical tools in their arsenal that'll offer solutions in these cases.
Lee Neubecker and Debbie Reynolds discuss cell phone privacy as it relates to national terrorist acts
Cell Phone Privacy: Naval Air Station Attack – Final Video of 4-part series
The transcript for Cell Phone Privacy – Naval Air Station Attack follows:
Lee Neubecker: Hi, I'm back again with Debbie Reynolds, the data diva. Thanks for being on the show again.
Debbie Reynolds: Thank you, Lee.
LN: So, we're finishing up our multi-part series relating to cell phone forensics, as it relates to the FBI's desire to get Apple and other information from the cell phone makers so that they can unlock their phones.
DR: Right, so there was a recent shooting, unfortunately, in Pensacola, at the Naval Air Station and because there were people who were recording the attack, they're interested in being able to get information from those cell phones and this is renewed calls, as was the case with the San Bernardino attack in California in 2015, to have Apple help law enforcement unlock particular cell phones of folks.
LN: Yeah, as Debbie was saying, with the Pensacola Naval Air Station, what had been reported in the associated press was that a Saudi national student who was getting training out of the navy facility, which, our government trains foreign nationals and other militaries and has been doing that for a long time but some of the Saudi students had been watching, earlier that evening, they had been watching videos of mass shootings before the shooting took place. And during the shooting that she said, one of the students had been recording the events as they unfolded and likely has data on cell phones and other information.
DR: Right, I think the issue is, you know, is law enforcement able to get this information without accessing the cell phone and the chances are, possibly yes. But there are many different ways to get it.
LN: Yeah but this week they asked Apple for help to get in and they said they haven't been able to get in the phone but like what happened with San Bernardino, it's not entirely clear if they had fully used their capabilities, like their mobile access unit, had that unit exhausted their capabilities, had they reached out to third party vendors and computer forensic consultants and firms, like myself or others.
DR: That does this every day, yes.
LN: Or even the Israeli firm, called Cellebrite, which makes the equipment used by many forensic people, like myself, that was ultimately successful in unlocking the San Bernardino terrorist's phone.
DR: Well, the one thing I will say is, in 2015, the phones have gotten a bit more advanced, the encryption is better but if, for example, people are taping things on cell phones, typically, they're sharing it with other people so you may be able to get the information from another person's phone, if the phone is backed up, you may be able to get the data from a backup, you may be able to get phone records about who they were calling or who they were texting, even though you may not get the actual footage, there are a lot of different ways to triangulate this information.
LN: And if they plugged their cell phone into their computer, a lot of times, it will automatically create a backup file but, in this case, I think the, you know, the FBI has a legitimate interest in wanting to know who were they texting right beforehand, were other people involved so I support that but I think that there are different means of how to accomplish their goal.
DR: Absolutely, absolutely. So, I think, the way that the story was told in the media, it makes it seem as though the only way the information can be gotten to is to have Apple or other cell phone makers create a vulnerability that anyone can use on any phone and I don't think that that's exactly true.
LN: No.
DR: Because we've not seen that in the field and many of us work with cell phones every day.
LN: Well, there was, recently disclosed, a vulnerability in every iPhone up to, not including, the very latest model but every iPhone relating to the Bootrom, where the phone can be, you know, basically, bootlegged and taken over until it's rebooted, then it resets so I'm sure that there's already bypass means on 95% of the iPhones out there, since most people aren't running the latest model but again, the concern here is that it almost seems like there's an effort to try to change the policy, you know, Director Comey, from the FBI, Former Director Comey had repeatedly stated that we need to be able to defeat encryption but by its nature, it's like saying everyone should have weak locks on all their doors and companies shouldn't lock their stuff up so that's going to lead to problems in, you know, as I said, in the prior segment, a multi-key solution that has unlocked but specific to an individual user's cell phone, with approval by the court, I think that is a much better solution than having a master key that can open up any phone.
DR: I think so and, I mean, we've seen in other cases, even though it's not about terrorism, obviously, with the Jussie Smollett issue in Chicago, they were able to get a ton of information so they went to Uber, they had surveillance cameras, they had phones, I mean, the–
LN: They get GPS records on phones.
DR: Oh, all kinds of stuff.
LN: You can get cell phone tower records and then you have all these third-party apps like, you know, the secure Signal and WhatsApp, well, is it very secure if you get one of the two phones?
DR: Right.
LN: Not exactly because you can see all the messages.
DR: Oh, absolutely and I think Paul Manafort, unfortunately, found this out the hard way when he was using WhatsApp to chat with people about illegal dealings and the forensic folks were able to get the exact chat and all the texts because he had backed it up to his iPhone or his iCloud, I believe, so.
LN: It's interesting now, you discover, these days, when things get involved with what was intent on a business deal gone wrong or was there fraud or misrepresentation, you know, getting, finding out what the text messages are and who was texting with which party and what did they say, that can be very important and litigation, still, it seems that text messages are just starting to come upon the attorney's radar, for asking for that information.
DR: Well, it's coming up on their radar 'cause people use many different means so someone may start with an email and then go to maybe Snapchat or go to texts, so.
LN: Or Slack.
DR: Or Slack so there are many different, yeah, right.
LN: You've got these other platforms that are just, that should be part of the discovery, that are getting ignored, unless you have an attorney or advisors, like us.
DR: Yes.
LN: Helping to make sure that you get that information.
DR: Exactly, exactly, it's not easy because it's not as linear as you think it would be but if you know that you have this information, that it's out there, it's possible to find ways to get it. Obviously, the cell phone would probably be the easiest way to at least be able to help you point to where things are but there are different ways to be able to get the information, not necessarily, so you do need the cell phone for the actual texts, the text message but.
LN: But sometimes people have that hooked up to their computer too.
DR: Yes, that's true, right, that's true.
LN: So their computer might have, you know, people who have an Apple laptop and running that, you might be able to get the messages off the laptop, which is yet another means of getting the data and then, you know, there are entities that do log the messages in between so you have the servers that they cascade through so there's a lot of places that the information can be found and, you know, before a mass policy change is made to just by giving an open key, you know, people need to think this through because, you know, we had keys, master keys that open in the past, those keys have gotten leaked and it's created a lot of problems.
DR: No, absolutely, I think that's the villain in almost any little movie you could think of, someone who has a master bit of information that can rule the world so this is definitely something that needs to be thought through and we already know that there are, you know, other things that can be done that don't require, currently, a master key.
LN: Yeah, well, one of the ways that all of you can show your appreciation if you like our videos, is click like, share the videos out and sign up for our blogs and check 'em out, thanks a bunch for being on the show again.
DR: Thank you, Lee, this was fantastic.
LN: Have a good day, everyone.
DR: Goodbye.
More about Cell Phone Privacy
Cell Phone Privacy
Cell Phone Privacy: San Bernardino
Technical Solutions: Cell Phone Privacy
Mobile Phone Forensics
Cell Phone Forensics
Enigma Forensics can help gain access to locked personal devices. Choose an expert!
When to Select A Computer Forensic Expert
More on Naval Air Station: Cell Phone Privacy.
FBI says…Deceased Assailant's Locked Phones a Hurdle for Investigators.
https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/naval-air-station-pensacola-shooting-called-act-of-terrorism-011320
Rep. Gaetz: 12 Saudi cadets sent back home were stationed at NAS Pensacola
https://weartv.com/news/local/rep-gaetz-12-saudi-cadets-sent-back-home-were-stationed-at-nas-pensacola
Author enigmaforensicsPosted on January 17, 2020 January 17, 2020 Format VideoCategories BlogTags Apple, cell phone forensics, cell phone preservation, Cell Phone Privacy, Cell Phone Vulnerabilities, Data Privacy Expert, encryption, FBI, multi-key solution, Naval Air Station attack, privacy infringement, Technical Solutions: cell phone privacy, WhatsAppLeave a comment on Naval Air Station Attack: Cell Phone Privacy
Is it necessary to have Apple provide a back door so that law enforcement can access a person's cell phone? Computer Forensic Experts Lee Neubecker and Debbie Reynolds say there are technical solutions to use instead.
A law-abiding citizen or a criminal's cell phone can be the largest piece of evidence in a criminal investigation. Once confiscated, cell phones are powerful tracking devices that can be used to infringe on an individual's cell phone privacy. In this video, Data Diva, Debbie Reynolds of Debbie Reynolds Consulting's and renowned Computer Forensics Expert Lee Neubecker, CEO & President of Enigma Forensics share their cell phone cracking technical solutions. Is the government's desire to have a backdoor into all smartphones really necessary? No matter what security measures are placed on smart phone devices, there are many technical solutions available from the computer forensics experts to utilize when attempting to unlock a mobile smart cell phone. Check out this video to learn what technical solutions available that don't require going back to the manufacturer and asking them to create a backdoor.
Experts discuss unique technical solutions available to retrieve cell phone information
Cell Phone Privacy: Part 3 of 4
Lee Neubecker: Hi, thanks for watching the show again, we're now talking again about cell phone forensics as it relates to privacy issues and our government's request to get information on specific cell phone users. I have Debbie Reynolds the data diva back on the show. Joining me again, and to help me elucidate some of the unique issues that relate to the current situation.
Debbie Reynolds: Right, so there are privacy issues obviously with being able to track, or be able to crack someone's cell phone. In a law enforcement situation, time's of the essence. They want to be able to get the information on the cell phone the best way that they can. The issue is, and especially with the Louden news reports, they aren't exactly accurate about how this happened. So in order to do this cracking of certain cell phones, there are things that forensic folks, like Lee can do to actually do this that don't require you going back to the manufacturer, asking them to create a backdoor. My opinion, and I think this is something that was echoed by Apple in their objection to this. Is that, you know, the iPhone or the cell phone is their invention. And the way that they do privacy for phones is kind of their unique, you know, secret sauce or special sauce so. Being able to, Having to try to do that is sort of the antithesis of what they're doing, of their invention. And I'm not seeing any court cases where ever. Where someone had to literally create, invent something to sort of negate their own invention.
LN: And even then government, like, our US government has resources to have a lab where they can use equipment to actually replicate all the chips and storage devices. And then make a virtual machine where they can brute-force crack the device without worrying about the three false passwords that slow it down. Because if you virtualize, if you duplicate the embedded memory off the D-Ram, the various chips and storage, you can then set up a mass server farm of virtual machines to just pound away, trying combinations. And with quantum computing, it wouldn't take much time, but that isn't even necessary today. There are easier tools to get into the phones, but the real issue becomes if, it would much be like if the government said we want everyone to have one particular key-type for their home.
LN: So that we have a key that we can take and we can get into any door without having to break down the door.
DR: Yeah.
LN: And the problem with that is, what happens when someone gets fired from the FBI and they copy that key? You know, then we got to lock change every house in America? And every business.
DR: Yeah, who's to say, I mean not every person who has a phone is a criminal. So if you think let's say you know 1% of everyone who has cell phones is doing a criminal activity, so should 99% of everyone else have these vulnerabilities that, you know, hackers love to have. They would love to be able to crack into your phone and do different things.
LN: That could actually you know lead to HIPAA violations, you know there are physicians and people that have some medical data as they connect to their work machines. and if there's this weak backdoor key, that creates a problem. Now, I want to talk a little bit about how I think they could do it and it hasn't been done yet.
DR: Okay.
LN: But if Apple were to issue, I mean if you have a multi-key solution where anyone key alone doesn't work. But the FBI could make a request to the justice department, to the judiciary, a judge of some sort. The judge could issue a key unique to the cell phone IMEI identifier, and then that information could be a key that then goes to Apple or to Microsoft or whatever provider, who then generates a key that can unlock the phone. So you can have a multi-key solution, but it's specific to the phone and that would preclude a situation where any one person's key gets leaked and all phones are compromised. And, you know, if for instance the FBI's key that they use to generate request keys, if that got compromised they would rotate that and going forward new keys would be used and they'd invalidate all the others. But you'd have a technical means to still get into the phone without necessarily meaning that every phone is totally open to one key.
DR: I think so, but I think, that's actually a smart solution. But I also think companies like Apple, and I'm, we're just picking on Apple 'cause the phone was an Apple phone that we're talking about. But, you know, companies are in business to make money, and not to be law enforcement. So there's probably not a lot of money in law enforcement stuff for them, so they may not be compelled, or feel like this is something they really want to invest a lot of time or energy in. Especially because there are smart people that do this for a living and can actually do this work.
LN: I support the idea that if there's a terrorist out there, that we should have a system that does allow to get into that phone, but there's got to be a check and balance, it can't just be one person acting alone or else it inherently makes everything insecure.
DR: I agree, I agree. Yeah, it's a tough issue, I feel like people get really, sort of, wound up about it. especially 'cause they're thinking about sort of, patriotism and freedom and stuff like that. But you know there's a way to solve this problem without creating problems for the whole world basically.
LN: Thanks for watching this segment, in our next segment we'll talk about the more recent story regarding the Pensacola Naval Air Station terrorist attack, as they're calling it. And the FBI's renewed request of Apple to get into the cell phone.
DR: Thank you.
LN: Thanks
Watch the Next Segment on Cell Phone Privacy: Part 3 of 4 continued
Part One on our Series of Cell Phone Privacy as it relates to the user
FBI Warning: Smart TV's may be spying on you.
National Institute of Standards and Technology for company cyber security
NIST 800-53: Security & Privacy Controls
Computer Fraud & Abuse Act Charges Filed
Here's Apple's stance on government requests for personal cell phones.
https://www.apple.com/privacy/government-information-requests/
What does the ACLU have to say about personal cell phone privacy?
https://www.aclu.org/issues/privacy-technology/location-tracking/cell-phone-privacy
Author enigmaforensicsPosted on January 16, 2020 January 16, 2020 Format VideoCategories BlogTags cell phone forensics, Cell Phone Privacy, cell phone security, criminal cell phone, Data Diva, FBI, Lee Neubecker.com, privacy infringement, technical solutions, Technical Solutions: cell phone privacy, violate privacyLeave a comment on Technical Solutions: Cell Phone Privacy
Cook County Security
This is Part 2 in the Cook County Election Security Interview
Last week, I sat down with Cook County Clerk Karen Yarbrough and her Deputy, John Mirkovic to discuss the many cyber security changes. Clerk Yarbrough gave an excellent interview discussing changes she has helped bring about during her tenure to protect the ballot box. As a followup to that interview, I sat down with her Deputy who provided more technical details regarding the current state of cyber security readiness and efforts to adopt leading technologies to streamline and secure government from cyber attacks. To view, Part 1 Please watch this followup to the previous interview with Clerk Yarbrough by clicking the image below.
The transcript of the interview follows:
Election Cyber Security Safeguards
Lee Neubecker: Hi, I'm here today with Karen Yarbrough, the Cook County Clerk and Recorder, her deputy, John Mirkovic is her data wizard. He's come on my show to talk a little bit about Election Cyber Security and some other interesting topics. John, thanks for coming on today.
John Mirkovic: Thanks for having us, Lee.
Lee Neubecker: So, the Clerk and I were talking a little bit about Microsoft's open ElectionGuard and I wanted to get your take on what's happening with that. If you could tell everyone what the platform's about and what brought this about in terms of Microsoft's involvement.
John Mirkovic: Yeah, we're pretty excited about this and one reason, our vendor is participating. So, generally, this is an idea to build really the best voting machine out there or kind of establish the software and hardware standards that the government would like jurisdictions across the country to adopt to really open-source standards. So, what this is about is, as you know open-source, it's about doing all the work on the front end, publishing your code and your set-ups and inviting the world to attack it and try and penetrate it. So, our vendor is working with this system. We are monitoring the progress. It's moving a little slow but we're excited that there are finally people talking about open-source in government because it's really the most important.
Lee Neubecker: Oh yeah, and it's good too because essentially you're putting the spotlight on the system. So, if there's a bug, everyone's talking about it online and it gets fixed, it's transparent and what I like the best about this is it creates a potential for all these Clerks and other parties responsible for voting to be able to capture and preserve those votes and introduce technology to allow people to verify that their vote was cast as intended.
John Mirkovic: Yeah, exactly, and a lot of offices across the country don't have enough resources to get the equipment they want. There are a lot of states that vote only on electronic machines which is frightening, really, and it's kind of the worst system to have, so, any kind of sharing of resources is vital for the government to be able to quickly get the entire country up to the same standard.
Lee Neubecker: So, John has the federal government been helping get Cook County ready for the next election cycle? And if so, what has the federal government's role been with assisting you?
John Mirkovic: Yeah, they've been a great partner both Department of Homeland Security and the FBI. It is a true partnership because we have adequate resources here, so we're able to implement a lot of the cutting edge stuff that they would like to see across the country.
John Mirkovic: So, we are almost like a pilot or a laboratory really. They're in our office on Election Day, monitoring the systems, checking how all the CyberSecurity systems work, and real-time threat sharing. So, yeah, we in Cook County are considered to be amongst the top 1% of performers in the country and we're happy to help spread that information to other jurisdictions.
Lee Neubecker: Last time when you and I had lunch, you were telling me a little bit about some of your work in the blockchain space and some of your ideas for how you thought blockchain might be able to help Recorder officers everywhere with using blockchain technology to record deeds. Can you tell a little bit about what the premise is behind that and explain to people how that can revolutionize the recording of deeds?
John Mirkovic: Yeah, yeah, it sort of ties into elections too. You know the most famous blockchain out there is Bitcoin. And Bitcoin works so well because it's only designed to do one thing which is transfer numbers from one ledger to another. So, really being inspired, you know, not only by the technological ability to protect that using hashing algorithms and digital signatures, just the general idea on architecture software in the same manner.
John Mirkovic: And, you know, Clerk Yarbrough said before, "It's like …Back to the Future."
John Mirkovic: Technology doesn't always have to be about adding more features. And generally, when you build products in committees or groups, no one's happy and the compromise is never what anyone wants. So, in election security there can be no compromises, we have to have the best.
John Mirkovic: So, blockchain, you know, is a way to digitally guarantee certain outcomes. So, you know, it's not quite ready for elections yet though there have been some experiments with it. It's a great technology for Land records and preferably only if it is applied on a large scale to protect the entire transaction. So, blockchain is a way to wrap an expensive, important transaction in CyberSecurity and ensure that it works out.
Lee Neubecker: So, right now, I know it's common if people are trying to research property records. They'll come down to the Recorder's office, go into the basement, sometimes look through microfiche or something. Is there a likelihood that if this technology gets adopted, universally.. that all those old records will be retroactively kind of put back out onto the blockchain so that they exist in cyberspace?
John Mirkovic: Yeah, that's a great question, one that we get a lot. It some smaller counties you would probably be able to do that. Cook County, unfortunately, has way too many records in various states of microfilm. And, to get those on, they would actually require the same types of effort that creates bad data in the first place which is re-keying data entry. So, really the best approach, if we were to switch to such a system would be… like the County used to insure title for certain transactions. So, in those cases we could, look at the transaction, insure over any risks from the 1950s and 60s. We know what else is out there, you know, the 50s in kind of electronic format. So, it's too tough to get it all into the same system but when you think about how these systems work, you know, if you have a legacy database and a distributed database, it's all feeding to one website, right. So, the public, you know, when they go and do their research, they're not really going to see the background whether it's a distributed database or a centralized database. So, it's all about how you deliver the information to the people.
Lee Neubecker: Well, thanks a bunch for being on the show. I really appreciate it. Thank you.
Author enigmaforensicsPosted on November 18, 2019 January 6, 2020 Format VideoCategories BlogTags Cook County Clerk, Cook County Cyber Security, Cook County Elections, County Government, Election Guard, Election Security, Electronic Voting, FBI, John Mirkovic, Karen YarbroughLeave a comment on Cook County Security
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Mini-cast: The "Skills Gap" Is Bullshit (w/ Meagan Day)
We talk with DSA member and Jacobin staff writer Meagan Day about her recent article "The 'Skills Gap' Was a Lie"
Additional links/info below...
Meagan Day's Jacobin author page
Featured Music (all songs sourced from the Free Music Archive: freemusicarchive.org)
Lobo Loco, "Malte Junior - Hall"
Working People: A podcast by, for, and about the working class today. Working People is a podcast about working-class lives in 21st-century America. In every episode you'll hear interviews with workers from around the country, from all walks of life. We'll talk about their life stories, their jobs, politics, and families, their joys and hopes and frustrations. Overall, Working People aims to share and celebrate the diverse stories of working-class people, to remind ourselves that our stories matter, and to build a sense of shared struggle and solidarity between workers around the country.


text:
Si è ritirato dal circuito professionistico a soli 21 anni dopo una breve e brillante carriera in singolare che l'ha visto disputare una semifinale nel circuito maggiore, vincere un titolo Challenger e raggiungere il 57º posto nel ranking ATP. Ha esordito nella squadra finlandese di Coppa Davis a 18 anni.

Carriera

Tra gli juniores
Il suo successo più importante da juniores è il titolo di campione europeo Under-18 vinto nel luglio 1989 a Praga. Quello stesso mese prende parte al torneo di singolare juniores del Roland Garros e viene eliminato al terzo turno.

Da professionista
Fa la sua prima apparizione tra i professionisti nel luglio 1987 con la sconfitta al primo turno al Tampere Open, torneo finlandese delle ATP Challenger Series. Nei due anni successivi gioca soprattutto tra gli juniores e nei tornei satellite e, dopo aver collezionato altre tre presenze nei tornei Challenger, nel luglio 1989 raggiunge la prima semifinale Challenger al Tampere Open. La settimana successiva vince il suo unico torneo da professionista battendo Andres Võsand per 6-2, 6-0 in finale al Challenger di Hanko ed entra nella top 200 del ranking ATP. Verso fine anno inizia a giocare con maggiore frequenza nei tornei Challenger.

Nel gennaio 1990 fa il suo esordio nel circuito maggiore perdendo al primo turno del Wellington Classic. Esce al primo turno anche ai successivi Australian Open, nel suo primo incontro in una prova del Grande Slam. In febbraio debutta nella squadra finlandese di Coppa Davis vincendo entrambi i singolari nella sfida con la Nigeria. Quello stesso mese vince il primo incontro ATP in carriera al Brussels Indoor battendo in tre set il nº 57 del ranking Andrei Cherkasov, nella sua prima vittoria contro un top 100, e viene eliminato al secondo turno da Miloslav Mecir. La settimana dopo raggiunge i quarti di finale all'ATP di Stoccarda con i successi sui top 50 Javier Sanchez e Amos Mansdorf, e viene sconfitto da Magnus Gustafsson dopo aver vinto il primo set; a fine torneo fa il suo ingresso nella top 100, in 85ª posizione. A maggio si impone nel primo singolare della sfida vinta 3-2 contro la Danimarca e la Finlandia accede ai play-off per l'ammissione al Gruppo Mondiale.

Sconfitto da Horacio de la Peña nei quarti di finale al Croatia Open Umago, raggiunge il terzo tuno al Roland Garros, che resterà il suo miglior risultato in carriera nelle prove del Grande Slam. A giugno disputa la sua unica semifinale in carriera in un torneo ATP a Firenze e cede in due set a Magnus Larsson che vincerà il titolo. La settimana successiva sale al 57º posto mondiale, il suo miglior ranking in carriera. A Wimbledon esce di scena al secondo turno per mano di Michael Stich. Dopo aver disputato i quarti di finale allo Swedish Open 1990, nel prosieguo della stagione non supera il secondo turno nei tornei ATP. Agli US Open viene eliminato al turno di esordio e perde entrambi i singolari nei playoff di Coppa Davis vinti 5-0 dalla Svezia.

Dopo le sconfitte al primo turno nei primi 4 tornei del 1991, raggiunge per l'ultima volta i quarti di finale in un torneo ATP agli U.S. Pro Indoor e viene eliminato da John McEnroe. Nel prosieguo della stagione raccoglie soprattutto sconfitte e tra le rare vittorie è di rilievo quella sul nº 23 ATP Karel Novacek al Torneo Godó di Barcellona, dove raggiunge il terzo turno. A giugno esce dalla top 100, verso fine anno comincia a diradare i suoi impegni nel circuito e chiude la stagione alla 214ª posizione mondiale. Inizia il 1992 raggiungendo per la prima volta il secondo turno agli Australian Open e subito dopo vince i suoi ultimi due incontri di Coppa Davis in carriera. Al suo ultimo impegno nel circuito maggiore, a febbraio viene eliminato nelle qualificazioni al Brussels Indoor.

Gli unici tornei di rilevanza internazionale che disputa nei due anni successivi sono un Masters satellite portoghese nel gennaio 1993 e un analogo torneo svedese nel giugno successivo. Gioca il suo ultimo torneo da professionista in luglio a soli 21 anni al Tampere Open e viene sconfitto al primo turno. Chiude la carriera con un bilancio di 31 vittorie e 46 sconfitte nel circuito maggiore, tra cui 6 vittorie e 4 sconfitte in Coppa Davis.

Statistiche

Tornei Challenger

Singolare

Vittorie (1)

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Contents | Jan-Feb 2010
Helping Haiti / The year ahead for ITU
Biometrics and standards
Connect the world
CIS Regional Preparatory Meeting
Europe Regional Preparatory Meeting
Going forward from Copenhagen
Climate change: ITU must continue to act
ICT has a unique role in helping all sectors meet the challenge of climate change
The digital dividend: opportunities and challenges
Nigeria is increasingly connected
Poland's new law to support development of telecommunication services and networks
The ITU Library and Archives Service
Director of ITU's Telecommunication Development Bureau launches web portal for Sector Members
Meeting with the Secretary-General
A Technology Watch report
photo credit: Shutterstock
Usually, we recognize people we know by looking at their faces, sometimes by their voices or handwriting, or by the way they move. In times past, human scrutiny was the only way of checking the identity of travellers moving from one country to another, visitors seeking to enter private areas, or traders withdrawing cash from banks. This is no longer realistic, given the growth of international travel, the need for security in workplaces, and the spread of electronic banking, among many other changes in our daily lives. Nowadays, there is a new way of checking identity, using automated methods and information and communication technologies (ICT) to recognize individuals based on physical or behavioural traits — a field known as biometrics. This is the topic of a new Technology Watch report from ITU on "Biometrics and Standards"*.
Biometrics are now applied in electronic passports, as well as for finger-vein recognition in automatic teller machines (ATM) in banks, and even to prevent vending machines from selling cigarettes to children. In each case, some combination of inherent characteristics is measured and automatically compared with templates stored on a token or in a database to find a match. The measured characteristics are often physical but may also be behavioural, such as a pattern of keystrokes in entering a word or phrase. With the wide acceptance of biometrics for identity verification, especially in an open network environment, the challenges of privacy, reliability and the security of biometric data become more complicated and demanding.
Anyone who has queued at a check-in point at an airport will appreciate the importance of speed and accuracy in reading an electronic passport. Similarly, when you draw money from an ATM, you expect to be the only person able to gain access to your account. These uses of biometrics grew out of the development of measures to meet the need for accurate identification in the fields of criminology and forensics — the fingerprints and DNA samples that feature so prominently in crime stories. There are now three main categories of biometric applications: forensic, governmental (passports, identity cards, voter registration, and so on), and commercial (for example, network login systems, ATM, credit-card processing, and face recognition in photographic software).
To ensure that biometric identification systems are reliable, secure, interoperable and easy to use, there is an evident need for the development of international standards. Governmental authorities, in particular, are unlikely to accept a non-standardized system offered by a single manufacturer. There has to be general agreement on what biometric traits to measure, and confidence that the chosen metrics will distinguish between any two individuals. Standards are also needed to protect biometric data, both to maintain personal privacy and to prevent attacks that would open the way for fraud or impersonation. The underlying objectives in standardization are to make biometric systems easier to install, cheaper to run and more reliable to use.
Standards-setting organizations
Although the earliest biometric standards were created by governments and law-enforcement agencies in the 1980s to exchange fingerprint data, the current accelerated pace of standards development did not begin until 2002. Now, several national and international players are developing these standards. They include the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and ITU's Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU–T). Industry consortia also develop standards that support the objectives of their membership, while United Nations specialized agencies, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), develop standards within their specific domains that might not have been addressed by other organizations. In particular, ICAO is responsible for the standardization of machine-readable travel documents, including electronic passports, while ILO has provided guidelines on biometric identity documents for seafarers.
Over 30 international standards on biometrics have been developed by the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) since the establishment of its Subcommittee 37 on Biometrics in June 2002. The work of JTC 1 on biometric standards is also carried out in its Subcommittee 27 on IT Security Techniques (which covers template protection, algorithm security, and security evaluation), and in Subcommittee 17 on Cards and Personal Identification.
Within ITU–T, work on biometrics began in 2001, led by ITU–T Study Group 17 which coordinates this work across all study groups. In particular, ITU–T Study Group 17 is responsible for looking at identity management; that is, technical methods for identifying individuals and protecting those identities.
Work is intensifying to meet current challenges for more secure network infrastructure, services and applications. Clearly, telecommunication applications using mobile terminals and Internet services call for authentication methods that not only provide high security, but are also convenient for users. More than 70 ITU–T Recommendations on security have been published.
All biometric systems have a storage component containing biometric data samples of individuals linked to information on their identity. There is also a sensor to capture the person's biometric data. The captured data sample is compared with a reference template, and a decision is taken on whether it matches. In telebiometrics, the communication channels between these components of a biometric system may be wired or wireless telecommunications, or private or public networks, including the Internet. Whether the biometric trait is physical (such as DNA) or behavioural (such as a keystroke pattern), each individual should have that trait uniquely. Also, the biometric trait should be invariant over a certain period of time, and should be measurable.
Overview of some biometric methods
Fingerprints Iris recognition DNA Keystroke pattern
Recommendation ITU–T X.1081 "The telebiometric multimodal model — A framework for the specifi cation of security and safety aspects of biometrics" is the first biometric standard to be published. It provides a model that can be used as a framework for identifying and specifying safety aspects of telebiometrics, and for classifying biometric technologies used for identification. The multimodal model covers both the physical and behavioural interactions between a person and the environment, providing a taxonomy of over 1600 combinations of measurement units, modalities and fields of study. The model is based on earlier theoretical work dealing with the way humans interact with their environment, and on the ISO/IEC 80000 series of international standards, specifying the quantities and units for all known forms of measurement of the magnitude of interactions between individuals and their environment.
Over 50 countries issue their citizens with machine-readable passports, which store biometric data that can be used to verify identity at the border. A facial image, and perhaps a digital representation of fingerprints or the iris, is stored on a tiny radiofrequency identification (RFID) chip, and this can be compared with information in a biometric database. The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), a Working Group of ISO/IEC and ITU, is responsible for the JPEG, JPEG2000, JPSearch and JPEG XR families of imaging standards. These are methods of image compression, and such methods are usually used to store a digital photograph on the chip in an electronic passport. The standards for the JPEG or JPEG2000 format are given respectively in Recommendations ITU–T T.81 and T.800, developed by ITU–T Study Group 16. JPEG XR (ISO/IEC 29199-2) is now an international standard, reflected in Recommendation ITU–T T.832. It specifies a coded image format, designed primarily for storage and interchange of continuous- tone photographic content.
More than 50 countries now issue passports with stored biometric data
A key can be lost, stolen or duplicated. A password can be forgotten. It is generally considered that biometric traits have the advantage of being virtually impossible to steal or forget, and difficult to guess. Yet biometric systems are vulnerable to attack. Any element of the biometric system could be the target: the sensor, the feature extractor, the matcher, the stored biometric templates or the decision endpoint. An attack could also take place by bypassing the biometric sensor, or by tampering with the feature extractor or template.
Biometrics are increasingly used to complement or replace traditional authentication schemes such as personal identification numbers (PIN) or passwords. But biometric data cannot be kept secret. Photographs of faces, recordings of voices and copies of signatures, for instance, are all easily made. Biometrics rely on highly sensitive personal information, but the security of an authentication system cannot rely on the secrecy of biometric data. A system must ensure the integrity and authenticity of biometric data in order to be operationally effective, and additional protective measures are needed to safeguard privacy.
To allow for secure authentication, Recommendations ITU–T X.1084 and X.1085 specify nine authentication protocols for telebiometrics and describe protection profiles, while Recommendation ITU–T X.1086 provides guidance on countermeasures to establish a safe environment and privacy. Recommendation ITU–T X.1087 sets out procedures to protect multimodal biometric data against attempts to intercept, modify or replace the data. The procedures include encrypting, watermarking and transforming data. Recommendations ITU–T X.1088 and X.1089 provide respectively a framework for generating and protecting biometric digital keys, and a way of managing biometric authentication.
Commercial and government applications to drive growth
Advances in ICT, increased performance and availability of equipment at lower cost have smoothed the way for automated biometric recognition. Future e-commerce, e-health and e-government services may require authentication with the help of biometric personal documents issued by governments. For example, some developing countries have already started using biometrics for voter registration in the run-up to elections in order to avoid outdated voter lists and election fraud.
Market forecasts on biometric spending are generally positive. Growth is expected to come mainly from commercial and government applications, where the biometrics and smart card chip industries will benefit from government decisions to adopt electronic personal documents and biometrics. From an estimated USD 3 billion spent on biometric technologies in 2008, market researchers now forecast investment of USD 7.3 billion by 2013.
Alongside fingerprints, which will remain the dominant biometric trait, face, iris, hand and speech recognition systems are expected to emerge and be widely adopted in biometric applications.
Standards allow for the effective development of biometric systems by establishing common criteria and setting guidelines for the protection of privacy. Agreements on data formats and application software interfaces will help to reduce the cost of developing systems. Furthermore, the development of standards for applying biometrics and for testing accuracy contributes to clarifying vulnerabilities and guides the search for countermeasures to attacks.
As well as being universal and unique, biometric characteristics should be reasonably permanent and easy to collect and measure. A biometric system should deliver accurate results under varied environmental circumstances, and should be difficult to deceive. Perhaps the most crucial aspect of a biometric system is its acceptance by the general public. For obvious reasons, non-intrusive methods are more acceptable than intrusive techniques. Although DNA is considered the ultimate biometric for identifying a person (other than an identical twin), DNA matching is too intrusive for extensive use in authenticating identity. Facial thermography, which detects the heat patterns created by blood vessels and emitted from the skin, is non-intrusive but too costly. Among the biometrics currently being considered for future deployment are blood pulse, body odour, skin composition, nail-bed pattern, gait and ear shape. More research is needed to see whether any of these will emerge as the biometric of choice.
Whatever system is used, it must be secure, ensure privacy and produce accurate results. A system that is insecure, unreliable or invasive will undermine public trust and may lead to a general lack of acceptance of biometric recognition techniques. The development of international standards is a key strategy in guaranteeing the appropriate choice and use of biometric methods. In less than a decade, huge progress has been made in improving biometric sensors, algorithms and procedures, but there remain vulnerabilities that need to be addressed. The need to protect privacy and safeguard sensitive biometric data remains fundamental.
* This article is based on the Technology Watch Report "Biometrics and Standards" issued by ITU's Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU–T) in December 2009. Technology Watch reports are prepared by the ITU–T Policy & Technology Watch Division. They evaluate emerging technologies to assess their implications for the ITU membership, especially developing countries, and to identify candidates for standardization work. The reports can be viewed and downloaded at www.itu.int/ITU-T/techwatch.
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VegfestUK Awards return with 19 categories celebrating the best vegan products and projects in the UK
The VegfestUK Awards return for the 13th year running, with the aim of celebrating the best vegan products and projects in the UK, and voting is now open at www.london.vegfest.co.uk/vote
Starting life back in 2007, the VegfestUK Awards have grown leaps and bounds as the years go by – this year sees altogether 190 nominees eyeing for top spots across 19 categories, in correspondence with the tremendous growth in breadth and depth of vegan products. Categories range from "meats", "cheese", snacks, ready meals, sauces, ice cream and street food, to vegan household items such as candles, skincare, fragrances & makeup, as well as restaurants, magazines, festivals and markets, showcasing the vegan way of life in multiple dimensions.
The organisers added, "It's a pleasure to bring back the coveted VegfestUK Awards for another year with even more variety of products represented than ever before. For us, the Awards are not only about the results, but most importantly represent the diversity of vegan products available in the market right now, making it ever more accessible for everyone in the UK to be vegan. Of course we understand too the prestige of being nominated amongst numerous other firms who would love the recognition as one of the best in their categories – our best wishes to all nominees over the coming weeks of voting."
Cast your votes for your favourite vegan products by completing the online submission form at: www.london.vegfest.co.uk/vote
Voting closes on Sunday October 13th 2019 at 6pm.
The Award winners will be announced with trophies presented on the Saturday part of VegfestUK London, in the Auditorium at Olympia Conference Centre (on Level 3 of Olympia Central).
VegfestUK London
Returning to Olympia London for the 7th year running on the weekend October 26-27, VegfestUK London includes 320 stalls packed with the latest vegan products, a Vegan Food Village with 25 caterers, a New Vegans Support area for beginners to veganism, a Foodies Stage with live music, the Art of Compassion Project Exhibition, two Fitness areas, a Holistic Health Hub, Cookery Demos, talks on Plant Based Health, a Natural Therapy Zone, Lifestyle presentations, a Yoga Zone, a Kids Yoga area, talks on Veganic Growing, a Mature Zone, a Kids Area, plus talks on Animal Rights and Activism, the Vegan Activists Support, the VGN News Room, the VGN Climate Change Summit and the Animal Rebellion summit.
Advance tickets for this event are now available at www.london.vegfest.co.uk/tickets, with BUY ONE GET ONE HALF PRICE offers running until the end of September.
Each entry ticket includes further access to all talks, cookery demos, panels and live music sessions at the show.
Join the Facebook event here and follow the event on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Plant Powered Expo – February 1st 2nd 2020 @ Olympia London
The organisers of VegfestUK are running a new show Plant Powered Expo next February in the National Hall of Olympia London. This new event celebrates the best of a plant-based way of life with 235 stalls, 12 features and 100 speakers. For more information, visit www.plantpoweredexpo.co.uk


This special issue of the Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning (JAEPL) seeks to elucidate the continually undervalued and unrecognized aspects of emotional labor in education for both students and instructors. Although emphases on outcomes, skills, and cognition serve valuable purposes, they also tend to eclipse emotional processes that are taken for granted and therefore rendered invisible despite being vital aspects of the labor performed by stakeholders in all educational settings. This special issue will take as its premise the notion that we must consider emotions as work in order to obtain a fuller picture of what transpires with teachers and learners in institutional contexts and beyond.


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Q: geolocated gives wrong location Im usingGeoLocated package
it shows me wrong lat and lng
i mean it shows the location in a different country
could it be something wrong with my country?(forbidding or something)
here is how i defined options
export default geolocated({
  enableHighAccuracy: true,
  timeout: 5000,
  maximumAge: 0
}) (AddUserPage);

and here is the whole code
import UserMap from '../map/UserMap';
import { geolocated } from 'react-geolocated';

const AddUserPage = ({coords}) => {
  if (coords) {
   return (

  <UserMap lat={coords.latitude} lng={coords.longitude}></UserMap>

  );
  }
  return

};

export default geolocated({
  enableHighAccuracy: true,
  timeout: 5000,
  maximumAge: 0
}) (AddUserPage);


text:
Die Silbentrennung in der spanischen Sprache stimmt mit der phonologischen Gliederung der Wörter (Sprechsilben) überein. Die Kenntnis der spanischen Silbentrennung ist Voraussetzung für die korrekte Schreibung der Wortbetonung im Spanischen, wobei das Akzentzeichen (Diakritisches Zeichen bzw. Akut) in vielen Fällen auf die drittletzte, vorletzte oder letzte Silbe gesetzt werden muss.

Eine Silbe, als Sprecheinheit, kann aus mehreren Konsonanten und Vokalen bestehen. Jede Silbe muss mindestens einen Vokal enthalten. Kurze Silben können auch nur aus einem einzigen Vokal bestehen. – Beispiele:
 amiga [a-'mi-ga] – Freundin
 leído [le-'í-do] – gelesen
 caoba [ca-'o-ba] – Mahagoni
 examen [e-'xa-men] – Prüfung
 uva ['u-va] – Traube.
Silben bestehen im Spanischen meistens aus einem Konsonanten, gefolgt von einem Vokal (Beispiel: dinero [di-'ne-ro] – Geld).

Silbentrennung bei Konsonanten
Die Silbentrennung bei Konsonanten erfolgt nach folgenden Regeln:

1. Die Silbentrennung erfolgt nur vor oder hinter Konsonanten. An der Trennstelle gehört maximal ein Konsonant zur nachfolgenden Silbe (Ausnahmen siehe Punkt 4).

2. Ein Konsonant, der zwischen zwei Vokalen steht, wird zur zweiten Silbe gerechnet. Die meisten Silben enden auf Vokale – "offene Silbe". – Beispiele:
 teléfono [te-'lé-fo-no] – Telefon
 zapato [za-'pa-to] – Schuh.

3. Bei zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Konsonanten wird ersterer der ersten Silbe zugerechnet und der andere der zweiten Silbe. – Beispiele:
 sustituir [sus-ti-'tuir] – ersetzen
 puerta ['puer-ta] – Tür
 huerto ['huer-to] – Garten
 cambio ['cam-bio] – Wechsel:
Das gilt auch für Konsonant plus h (Beispiel: deshidratado [des-hi-dra-'ta-do] – ausgetrocknet) und cc lección [lec-'ción] – Lektion. Ausnahmen: Regel 4

4. Folgende Konsonantenpaare (Konsonantenverbindungen) werden nicht in zwei Silben getrennt geschrieben:
 ll und folgende weitere Konsonantenpaare mit l: bl, cl, fl, gl, kl, pl – Beispiele:
 noble ['no-ble] – edel
 redoblar
 enciclopédia [en-ci-clo-'pé-dia] – Enzyklopädie
 declarar
 incumplir
 rr und folgende weitere Konsonantenpaare mit r: br, cr, dr, fr, gr, kr, pr, tr – Beispiele:
 arroz [a-'rroz] – Reis
 hierro ['hie-rro] – Eisen
 librería [li-bre-'rí-a] – Buchhandlung
 esdrújulo [es-'dru-ju-lo] – auf der drittletzten Silbe betontes Wort
 ingratitud [in-gra-ti-'tud] – Undankbarkeit
 impresora [im-pre-'so-ra] – Drucker
 central [cen-'tral] – Zentrale
 ch
Die Konsonantenpaare ch, ll und rr werden schon deshalb nicht getrennt, weil sie jeweils als ein Konsonant gelten. Sie haben auch jeweils einen eigenen Lautwert. – Beispiele:
 coche ['co-che] – Auto
 calle ['ca-lle] – Straße
 perro ['pe-rro] – Hund.
Alle oben aufgezählten Konsonantenpaare stehen immer am Anfang einer Silbe.

5. Bei drei aufeinanderfolgenden Konsonanten gehören die ersten beiden zur vorderen Silbe und der dritte zur hinteren Silbe. Ausnahmen: siehe Regel 4 – untrennbare Konsonantengruppen: Wenn der zweite und dritte Konsonant zusammen eine untrennbare Konsonantengruppe bilden, dann erfolgt die Silbentrennung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Konsonanten der Dreiergruppe.

6. Bei vier aufeinanderfolgenden Konsonanten gehören die ersten beiden zur vorderen Silbe und die letzten beiden zur hinteren Silbe. – Beispiele:
 adscribir
 abstracto [abs-'trac-to] – abstrakt.

7. Bei zusammengesetzten Wörtern erfolgt eine Silbentrennung, falls diese Wörter auch alleine stehen können (Beispiel: matóle [mató + le] – er tötete ihn). Würde das jedoch zu einer Trennung von rr führen, weil das erste Wort auf r endet und das zweite Wort mit r beginnt, so greift Regel 2, nach der rr nie getrennt wird. Regel 4 (untrennbare Konsonantenpaare) trifft jedoch nicht für zusammengesetzte Wörter zu. – Beispiele:
 ciber-revolución
 hiper-realismo
 super-rápido
 inter-racial
Aber wenn es zu einer Doppelung des "r" gerade wegen des vorangehenden Wortes kommt, dann wird "rr" nicht getrennt. – Beispiele:
 infra-rrojo (rojo – rot)
 vice-rrector (rector – Rektor)

8. Wenn ein "h" vor oder hinter einem Konsonanten steht, dann bilden beide Buchstaben zusammen eine Silbe.

9. Nach einer echten Vorsilbe erfolgt eine Silbentrennung, wenn das restliche Wort auch alleinstehend eine Bedeutung hat.

Silbentrennung bei Vokalen
 (Abschnitt; Betonung bei Vokaldoppelung (Diphthong, Hiatus) und Triphthong)

Ein Diphthong ist eine Verbindung von einem schwachen und einem starken Vokal. Schwache Vokale sind im Spanischen "i" und "u", während "a", "e" und "o" starke Vokale sind. Normalerweise werden Diphthonge, die einen schwachen Vokal ("i" und "u") zusammen mit einem starken Vokal ("a", "e" oder "o") enthalten, als einsilbige Vokalverbindung gesprochen. Soll jedoch der schwache Vokal betont werden, dann muss das durch ein Akzentzeichen angezeigt werden und es handelt sich dann um eine zweisilbige Vokalverbindung (Hiatus). Trägt der schwache Vokal den Ton, dann löst sich der Diphthong und man spricht von einem Hiatus (span. hiato) – einem Vokalzusammenstoß, bei dem auf beiden Seiten einer Silbengrenze ein Vokal steht.

Die Silbentrennung bei Vokalen erfolgt nach folgenden Regeln:

1. Zwischen zwei nebeneinanderstehenden Vokalen (Diphthong), die eine Silbe bilden, darf keine Silbentrennung erfolgen. Diphthonge sind untrennbar: ai, au, ei, eu, io, ou, ia, ua, ie, ue, oi, uo, ui, iu, ay, ey, oy. Gleiches gilt für drei nebeneinanderliegende Vokale (Triphthong). Triphthongs sind eine untrennbare Einheit zwischen drei Vokalen: iai, iei, uai, uei, uau, iau, uay, uey. Sie sind in einer gemeinsamen Silbe, wobei der mittlere Vokal stark ist und die anderen beiden schwach. – Beispiele:
 buey ['buey] – Ochse
 dioico ['dioi-co]
 confiáis [con-'fiáis] – ihr vertraut an
 guau ['guau] – wuff, wau (des Hundes)
 apreciéis – [a-pre-ciéis ] – ihr schätzt

2. Ein zwischen zwei Diphthong-Vokale eingeschobenes "h" hebt nicht einen Diphthong auf.

3. Zwischen zwei Vokalen, die zu zwei verschiedenen Silben gehören (Hiatus), kann getrennt werden. Ein Diphthong wird aufgehoben, wenn die Betonung auf dem schwachen Vokal liegt.

4. Ein zwischen zwei Vokale eingeschobenes "h" beeinflusst nicht, ob es sich bei diesen Vokalen um einen Diphthong oder einen Hiatus handelt. – Beispiele:
 desahucio [de-'sahu-cio] – Zwangsräumung, Vertreibung
 prohibir [prohi-'bir] – verbieten
 ahijado [ahi-'ja-do] – Adoptivkind, Patensohn

Silbentrennung am Zeilenende
Neben den beschreibenden Silbentrennungsregeln, die für die Akzentschreibung wichtig sind, werden die Silbentrennungsregeln auch für die Worttrennung am Zeilenende angewendet. Dabei sind zusätzliche Regeln zu beachten.

Silbentrennung am Zeilenende kann bei zusammengesetzten Wörtern nach Belieben entweder am Silbenende oder am Ende eines Wortbestandteils erfolgen. – Beispiele:
 malinterpretar [ma-lin-ter-pre-'tar] oder [mal-interpretar] – missverstehen
 desamparo [de-'sam-paro] oder [des-amparo] – Schutzlosigkeit, Verlassenheit

Ein Wort, dessen erste Silbe aus einem einzigen Vokal besteht, wird am Zeilenende nicht hinter dieser Silbe abgetrennt: also beispielsweise nicht [a-mistad] (a- / mistad), sondern nur [amis-tad] (amis- / tad).
 amistad [a-mis-'tad] – Freundschaft
Ist jedoch dieser Anfangssilbe, die nur aus einem einzigen Vokal besteht, ein "h" vorangestellt (das im Spanischen stimmlos ist), dann darf sie auch am Zeilenende abgetrennt werden. Beispiel: he- / rederos; herederos [he-re-'de-ros] – Erben.

In der Regel werden Abkürzungen am Zeilenende nicht abgetrennt. Es sei denn, es handelt sich um Abkürzungen, die in den allgemeinen Wortschatz eingegangen sind. – Beispiele:
 laser [la-'ser] – Laser
 ovnis ['ov-nis] – UFO

Wenn am Zeilenende zusammengesetzte Wörter abgetrennt werden, die an der Trennstelle sowieso mit Bindestrich geschrieben werden, so müssen diese Wörter, außer dass ein Trennstrich am Zeilenende steht, auch auf der neuen Zeile mit einem führenden Bindestrich beginnen. – Beispiele:
 crédito-vivienda (crédito- / -vivienda) – Wohnungsbaudarlehen:
 teórico-práctico (teórico- / -práctico) – theoretisch und praktisch

Weblinks
 www.buscapalabra.com/separar-palabras-en-silabas (zeigt die Silbentrennung eines eingegebenen spanischen Wortes an)

Siehe auch
 spanische Bezeichnungen für geographische Orte
 Wortbetonung in der spanischen Sprache
 Spanisches Alphabet
 Aussprache der spanischen Sprache
 Spanische Sprache
 Spanische Grammatik

Spanische Sprache
Spanische Grammatik


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Agasias (), son of Menophilus was an Ancient Greek sculptor from Ephesus. He was possibly the cousin of Agasias, son of Dositheus, sculptor of the Borghese Gladiator. He is mentioned in a Greek inscription, from which it appears that he exercised his art in Delos while that island was under Roman sway; probably some time about 100 BC. He probably sculpted a striking figure of a warrior now in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens.

References

2nd-century BC Greek people
1st-century BC Greek people
Ancient Greek sculptors
Ancient Ephesians
Roman-era Greeks