The need for a shift away from property to non-property and usufructuary rights in relation to animals and their welfare.
This essay considers the legal status of animals, noting the difference between humans and non-humans, which is expressed mainly in the mental arena of existence. The notion of animals as property has become entrenched in the legal system, due to the influences of the early common law, anthropocentric biases evident in liberal theory and individualism, and Western religious doctrines. A shift in understanding is required to change this.
That shift is supported by the recognition of animals as sentient beings having inherent worth or existential value. With the theory of evolution, there has also fortunately been an increase in moral understanding regarding the treatment of animals. This has lead to a call for the property status of animals to be abolished and for animals to be granted legal personhood.
The non-property argument strongly acknowledges the existential value of animals, but does not adequately deal with the contribution animals have made to the development of human civilization because of their utility value. This is unlikely to change, and so human use of animals has to meet requirements regarding the animal's individual and collective welfare, and the use must be for the general welfare of all. Allowance has to be made for a limited usufructuary right for human use of animals, consistent with a guarantee of their welfare, and recognising that animals have interests and rights in not being harmed and for their continued existence. This essay also explores that usufructuary right.
The main characteristic of the animal world is that its species are mobile. Animals can move from place to place, whereas the plant world is immobile. The animal kingdom can be divided into 21 phyla or divisions. Those animals having a spine fall in the chordata (chordates) phylum. This division is subdivided into 3 major subphyla, one of which is the vertebrata (vertebrates) subdivision.
Human beings are mammals who are in the placental group, along with bats, mice, dogs, horses, dolphins, whales and primates.
From another viewpoint, essentially the animal kingdom is made up of 2 main groups: animals with backbones (vertebrates); and animals without backbones (invertebrates). The number of species of animals is vast (and still unknown), with a wide range of features. The nervous systems found in animals, particularly in multicellular animals, also differ greatly in complexity between species. The human nervous system, glands and subglands, brain and other components of the human biological structure, are generally more developed than those of animals generally, including that of other 2-footed bipeds. This sophistication gives rise to greater mental propensities or expressions by human beings.
As evolution progresses, the ability of humans to make decisions has become increasingly sophisticated and the nervous system and brain have evolved to levels where learning, memory and model-making becomes possible. Consequently, human beings also discriminate between what is proper and improper, applying values, by application of their conscience (the function of identifying good and bad, selecting the good, and directing mental energy towards that). This pathway of discrimination is called 'rationality'. Rationality then takes priority over certain instincts relevant only to mere existence and survival. Accordingly, the human being has been described as a 'rational animal'. But this is on par with saying that an animal is a 'moving plant', or even that human beings are 'rational moving plants'.
In this regard, philosophers have considered the difference between humans per se and animals generally, especially in relation to human mammals compared to other mammals and also compared to other animals as a whole. This difference arises from a shift of evolutionary proportions in consciousn ess. While humans, animals (non-humans) and plants all share some common characteristics, and while there are some characteristics that humans share with animals generally but not with plants, there are also some special characteristics that humans alone have. These special characteristics distinguish humans from animals (non-humans) and plants. Without them, humans would be like animals generally, but they are not. Furthermore, even though some animals (such as primates or domesticated dogs from being close to humans) have a somewhat developed mental faculty, the mental faculty of humans is far more developed.
The special characteristics of human beings are not necessarily to do with physical or instinctual capabilities, as animals can also make use of tools and communicate, and they can 'think' in terms of processing information about themselves and their environment, at least at a rudimentary level. Rather, the special characteristics of human beings have to do with the mental apparatus of a human being, in terms of deliberately applying their cognitive ability so as to think consciously about themselves, as well as others, and their own place in the universe. This includes evaluating themselves in their personal, social and universal contexts and other forms of self-reflection. Accordingly, human beings are self-aware of their own identity.
This self-awareness carries with it the ability to plan for the future by application of the analogue-I or doer-I (i.e. the ego) and to foresee possible consequences of one's actions or even thoughts. In addition, self-awareness carries the capabilities of decision making and self control, perspective taking by considering the views of others and envisaging the lives of others, self-conceptualisation and evaluation, and introspection including internal contemplation into the depths of one's existential-I (the I of I exist) such as in meditation.
Thus, the difference between human beings and animals generally is at the psychic (mental) level. Accordingly, we can use the term 'animals' as referring to those creatures that are non-human, and refer to human beings simply as 'humans'.
The common law notion of animals as property also uses this difference to treat animals as things (not persons). This stems from William Blackstone's mid-18th century Commentary on the Laws of England, which draws from Roman and Old Testament laws and cosmologies to proclaim animals as legal things rather than legal persons. This aspect of English common law has carried over to the common law in Australia. As legal things animals can be classified as personal property and so are denied legal rights. At law, this gives humans dominion over animals: "The objects of dominion or property are things, as contradistinguished from persons" (Blackstone).
In this regard, the common law concerning domesticated animals is straight-forward in that they are personal property capable of being owned, and the early common law considered the owner's right as absolute in the same way as ownership of inanimate objects. This also applied to companion animals and does so today, e.g. see section 7 Companion Animals Act 1998 (NSW) which recognises personal property in companion animals. However, while the common law regards both inanimate and animate objects as capable of being property, the forms of property are not necessarily equivalent. Developments in case law have shown that companion animals are likely to be classified as a special type of personal property, somewhere between a person and property, so as to take into account the element of humaneness implicit in the human-animal relationship.
In relation to wild animals, Blackstone, drawing on Roman law and the decision of Sir Edward Coke in the Case of Swans (1592) which recognised a Crown prerogative in wild swans, stated that wild animals can be reduced to property. This happens when an individual takes a wild animal so that it becomes personal property (this was considered a natural right of every individual during Blackstone's time), unless restrained by the laws of a country. Even without personal possession, wild animals which roam freely can be considered as property, not of human beings or private persons, but as property of the Crown or the State. This happens when ownership of wild animals is deemed to be that of the Crown or State, such as in legislation made to that effect. In such instances wild animals also do not possess legal rights, even if having special privileges of protection under the relevant legislation.
After Blackstone, the anthropocentric approach of recognising the legal 'thinghood' of animals for the benefit of human beings was confirmed in the mid-19th century English case of Blades v. Higgs. Legal 'thinghood' describes an entity with no capacity for legal rights, whose interests are not required to be respected, and where the owner's interest in the thing is protected. In the Blades case, Lord Chelmsford concluded that when a wild animal is caught or killed it becomes the personal property of the hunter. Accordingly, qualified property could be acquired over wild animals by lawfully taking, taming or reclaiming them. Even if they regained their natural liberty, their ownership would rest with the Crown or State.
In the USA, the United States Supreme Court in the case of Geer v. Connecticut in the late-19th century held that wild animals or game are to be treated as the subject or ownership of governmental authority. This case was later partly overruled by the Supreme Court in 1979 and its 'ownership' language was taken to refer to no more than the State's power to regulate for the preservation and exploitation of an important resource (which still denotes human control over animals).
However, the common law in the various American States do still recognise that wild animals while belonging to no one (or to everyone in common) can, in lawful circumstances, still be made the property of the first human who possesses them, unless otherwise protected by wildlife legislation. The same applies when wild animals are tamed. This is a qualified or limited property interest in wild animals, as the nature of wild animals renders them incapable of absolute ownership. If such an animal happens to regain its natural liberty, the human property interest in it will also cease.
The common law assumes that the interests of an animal do not exist or do not matter. At most, the only duties humans have towards animals are indirect ones, such as not being cruel to animals and maintaining the welfare of animals for human benefit, which today tend to be imposed by legislation. The result is that animals have no rights or a place in the sphere of rights. They are excluded because they lack self-reflective awareness and means for rationality in order to reason.
This lack of personal autonomy deems animals to be unable to participate in a system of reciprocal rights and obligations developed for a community or society. On this account, only rational beings have merit for participation in such a system and community. At law, the status of animals becomes such that they have no inherent moral worth and so become things or instrumentalities for the satisfaction of human needs. As things, this gives the legal justification for human practices such as animal husbandry, harvesting and killing of animals for food, animal experimentation, genetic engineering concerning animals, and use of animals in entertainment (such as zoos, circuses, rodeos, sports and the like).
The anthropocentric prejudice of the common law, and its legislative equivalents, today continues to be bolstered by a version of liberal theory associated with the influential 20th century American political philosopher John Rawls, which ends up excluding animals from a theory of justice. This relies on a political conception of justice taking primacy and being applied, rather than a comprehensive or broader ethical application of justice. Under the political conception, only beings who can understand what it is to be just (because they are persons capable of a moral conception of their good in life with a sense of justice) and are able to make claims to justice for themselves and to respect the rights of others (because they are persons with a desire to apply and act upon principles of justice), are entitled to be actual beneficiaries of justice. This excludes animals because they do not qualify as autonomous individuals with the required capacity for rational self-determination.
Also, it is only autonomous individuals who are able to assert property rights. This is in line with the socio-political theory of individualism and its self-reliance against the interference of the state and society, which further supports strict property law. Such laws may even be a hindrance to enforcement of anti-cruelty laws, because of the pervading assumption that there has to be good reason for interference in property rights, including property rights in animals. These influences can also make legislative improvements in animal welfare difficult.
However, where the political and lobbying influence of individualism is less powerful (compared to the United States), the community may more readily defer to a majority view such that individual rights do not stretch so far as allowing an absolute right to property in animals by humans. The point is that the law does not have to accept a fixed dogma about property and the relationships it gives rise to. The law can be open to a legal status for animals based on humans and animals being bodies of discrete individuals and at the same time co-members of an ecological community.
Religious doctrines may however impede development of progressive change in the law. Religious doctrines have influenced the law on the legal status of animals and in determining the lives and deaths of animals. Part of religious doctrine, as resorted to by Blackstone, includes human dominion over animals. On this point, a long pervading Western religious idea (mainly from the time of Hellenic Greece to the 19th century) has been that the universe is divinely designed in a linear hierarchy, known as the Great Chain of Being, for every entity that exists or could exist and for the ultimate benefit of humans. It is a human-centred construct signifying human dominion over every earthly creature and of nature itself.
This is mirrored in the Judeo-Christian view found in Genesis, which is taken to be the divine source of humanity's claim over nature and animals. Excluding animals from legal entitlement is also evident in the book of Genesis when it proclaims that the Earth and all Earth's non-human inhabitants are for human's to rule. As can be seen, from these early times there has been an essentially Western theological basis, continuing throughout history, for humans denying animals any legal rights or legal recognition.
It has had constitutional significance, as well. In relation to animals, many countries still allow ritual slaughter on the grounds that to abolish it would offend the principle of religious tolerance. Ritual slaughter is allowed even though there is obvious evidence that it causes unnecessary suffering that is easily remedied. On this point, the United States Supreme Court has essentially held in Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah, that religious freedom prevails over concern for animals. In this case, the scope of certain Florida ordinances made under anti-cruelty statutes prohibiting ritual animal sacrifice were held to be unconstitutional as they violated the free exercise of religion. Consequently, the religious rites of the Santeria religion which required the sacrifice of animals by cutting their throats prevailed.
While dominant world religions do also preach compassion and responsibility towards animals, they all favour the inherent existential superiority of humans over animals. However, Buddhism is often viewed as more reasonable in its view of animals, as most forms of animal exploitation are against fundamental Buddhist teachings, although many Buddhists do participate in activities which involve killed animals. Notably, the strongest religious advocates for the sanctity of animal life are the Jains and Vaesnava (Vaishnavite) religions, which espouse the avoidance of hi?sá or intentional harm towards any living being and require adherents to be vegetarian.
Generally, Eastern religions accord greater respect to animals. Many Eastern religious doctrines impose restrictions on the taking of animal life and value its intrinsic or existential value more, e.g. as is the case in Tibetan Buddhism. This invokes a concept of stewardship, in the sense that human beings have a responsibility for preserving the welfare and integrity of the natural world, including animals. Aspects of this are also sometimes asserted in relation to Judaism and Christianity, and adherents will argue that it is the modern secular notion of human progress, and not religion, which is more an impediment to the protection of nature and animals.
Darwin's theory of evolution challenged Western religious doctrines, but it also had elements of support for the dominion of humans over animals. This is because natural selection is a process that favours the survival of organisms (such as humans) that posses certain advantageous features over other species. The so-called Social Darwinism of the 19th (and early 20th) century took this to the extreme by proclaiming that human beings have a right to lord over the rest of creation. However, Darwin's theories in their full context saw an interdependent society of organisms that includes humans bound together in a web of complex relations.
Darwin also admitted that there should be respect for humans' fellow creatures and this respect characterised a civilized people. These moral sympathies were also a product of evolution. Furthermore, Darwin thought that the application of ethics encompasses all sentient beings who should ultimately be included in the moral community. This is based on a sentient being having an 'I' that has subjective experiences, particularly the internal capacity to experience feelings of pleasure and pain.
On reflection, it appears that the law has not fully kept up in the area where science meets ethics. This risks the continued validation of misconceptions being entrenched in legal and legal policy frameworks. This includes entrenching the "secular expression of species pride" of humans. While the psychic / mental capacities of humans are generally considered as being superior to other existing creatures, this should not lead to actions that contribute only to human welfare, no matter how little the apparent (or known) contribution or relative deficiencies of other creatures. There is no social or evolutionary reason why human beings should not accord inherent value to other creatures. Rather, it has to be recognised that all living beings have some inherent or existential value, simply because they are alive. Recognising only utility value is not enough.
Even where the interests of humans and other creatures (animals) come into conflict, or need to be prioritised, or human actions cannot practically elicit moral restraint from animals, humans can still extend moral consideration to them. This is consistent with taking an ethical approach towards all sentient beings that Darwin espoused. Few thinkers would today deny that many animals are sentient (especially those in the vertebrates subphylum or even the whole chordates phylum), that is, they have ability to feel and, to a certain extent, think and communicate. As a result, at least these animals have interests they would instinctually seek to protect, and that ought to be taken into account in any moral calculation by humans. The same applies for any resultant legal framework that is put in place.
So, despite the case that animals lack the self-reflective awareness and other capacities of the human psyche, there are certain capacities that are shared amongst humans and animals (even if the degree varies). Notably these are understanding their experiences of pleasure and pain and similarly the capacity for suffering, and the will to survive and continue their existence. This means animals have morally significant interests, particularly the interest in not deliberately having suffering or harm imposed on them and the interest in their continued existence.
Recognising these morally significant interests of animals leads to the conclusion that rational human beings owe an obligation to animals as non-rational beings, even though animals are not capable of providing reciprocal obligations towards human beings. Given that the species of animals range from unsophisticated to sophisticated (but not to the degree of human sophistication), it would be vertebrates as the more sophisticated animals to whom obligations are primarily owed by human beings. In a sense, such animals can come within the scope of the social membership of human beings, especially when it is recognised that human beings have obligations towards animals. Conversely, this gives animals entitlements or rights, especially that of being free from exploitation and a guarantee of their security.
Practically, this type of guarantee requires an assurance of the minimum requirements of life for at least developed animals. In addition, sustainable amenities, such as environmental amenities, need to be provided to these animals. The range of amenities may even need to increase over time as the psyche of some animals develops further, e.g. an increase of intelligence in primates.
The dignity of existence or existential value of all animals has to be recognised. This is an essential step for consideration of animal interests on par with human interests and for the welfare of all creatures.
The prospects for protecting animals have to be increased. Lack of regulatory resources to enforce animal welfare and anti-cruelty legislation can result in the fundamental interests of animals often losing out to relatively trivial human interests. Also, these laws usually depend upon proving unnecessary suffering or that pain has not been reasonably alleviated, which can be difficult. Whereas, it should be clear that animals are not to be subjected to pain and suffering for the furtherance of human interests. As animals also experience pain and pleasure (given they have a nervous system) they should receive some moral consideration, and intentional harm or death of an animal is to be avoided.
Animal welfare and anti-cruelty legislation may be more concerned with the moral improvement of human beings. Whereas, what is required is a direct concern to protect the interests of animals. Legislation enacted as a mere legal constraint to deter inhumane behaviour, while useful, is insufficient to advance the overall welfare of animals.
While an animal remains personal property, it cannot have a proper entitlement of rights because it belongs to someone else. In particular, such animals are denied the natural right to be free from exploitation or the right to be left alone (unless intervention can be justified) or fundamental rights concerning bodily liberty and bodily integrity (or any necessary adjustment to such rights taking into account the circumstances of animals). Abolition of the property status of animals is required for fulfilment of animal rights and for animals to be morally considered alongside human beings.
Ownership of animals implies full entitlements to the owner, whereas at best this should only be in the nature of a usufruct or privilege. Utilization of an animal by human beings (because of the animal's utility value) must also ensure the individual welfare of the animal. As well, utilization of animals by human beings should not be detrimental to the collective welfare of that species of animal, even though utilization of the animal(s) is for the good of human beings.
Legal standing is required to enable animal advocates to assert the interests of animals in the judicial system and to sue on behalf of animals. This is necessary in order to remedy harms that animals endure by the conduct (or lack of conduct) of human beings. The remedy can include injunctions in favour of the animal plaintiffs.
On the other hand, it is arguable that significant improvements to the welfare of animals can still be achieved from within a property status paradigm, as abolition of the property status of animals does not of itself guarantee that animals will cease to be exploited to their detriment. Property rights or any rights are not absolute, rather they give legal form to what society is willing to acknowledge, defend and enforce. There are always occasions for intervening in rights in order to protect other rights. Similarly, the promotion of individual interests can be better achieved when motivated by the promotion of collective interests or the general public interest. This could be by the maximization of preferences or through obtaining other valued human outcomes.
Also, personal property rights are not necessarily incompatible with the welfare or protection of animals, because the laws of a state can sanction interfering in such property rights in order to benefit animals. This can even be to the extent of prohibiting ownership of animals by specified persons and/or in specified circumstances. In this regard, anti-cruelty legislation can "trump property rights when they conflict". Legislatures are not prevented from giving certain animal interests greater weight than has been accorded to date under the property status paradigm.
Whatever the way forward, and whether it requires abolition or dilution of personal property rights in animals, there is no reason why animals cannot be incorporated into a system of justice, which provides for an enhanced legal status for animals. The human treatment of animals should not be left largely as a matter of individual moral choice based on moral pluralism, where the state does not intervene to impose one moral code over another on the basis that the treatment of animals is considered a self-regarding action (i.e. that does not involve anyone else except oneself). Actions involving animals, particularly those that exploit or harm animals, or that deny their continued existence, have to be considered as other-regarding actions (i.e. they do involve someone else), even if that other is just an animal. Just as in the case between human beings there are rights (and obligations) which protect human beings from each other, similarly animals need protecting from humans. This can be consummated by placing the claims of animals before a court (whether the claim fails or succeeds on its merits).


text:
Q: Multiple MILP solutions in ORTOOLS [python] I am trying to use or-tools in Python to solve a mixed-integer linear program that has multiple optimal solutions.  However, NextSolution() always returns False, so I cannot retrieve more than one solution. I understand that this function works using a constraint solver, but I would like to use the MILP solver.
The related or-tools documentation states:

As of 2020-02-10, only Gurobi and SCIP support NextSolution(), see linear_solver_interfaces_test for an example of how to configure these solvers for multiple solutions. Other solvers return false unconditionally.

However, I cannot find any such linear_solver_interfaces_test in the source repo, documentation, or via a web search.  I am using ortools version 7.8.7959 and the included SCIP 7.0.1 with Python 3.6.9.
Below is my example code which illustrates a simple example of the type I would like to solve.  It should produce three unique solutions, but currently produces zero solutions.
from ortools.linear_solver import pywraplp

def main():
    solver = pywraplp.Solver("multiple_solution_test", pywraplp.Solver.SCIP_MIXED_INTEGER_PROGRAMMING)
    x = solver.IntVar(0, 2, "x")
    y = solver.IntVar(0, 2, "y")
    z = solver.IntVar(0, 2, "z")
    solver.Add(x + y <= 2)
    solver.Maximize(x + y + z)  # should be 4, which can be obtained by (2,0,2), (1,1,2), or (0,2,2)
    solver.Solve()
    print_solutions(solver, x, y, z)

def print_solutions(solver, x, y, z):
    count = 0

    while solver.NextSolution():  # <-- NextSolution() always returns False!
        count += 1
        print("x =", x.solution_value(), "y =", y.solution_value(), "z =", z.solution_value())
    print("\nNumber of solutions found:", count)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

A: Sorry for the misleading documentation.
Currently, only Gurobi supports NextSolution. I have not exported the SCIP relevant code.
If your problem only needs Boolean or integer variable, you can use the CP-SAT (ortools/sat) solver that supports enumerating over multiple solutions.
see this documentation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are counted among one of the most profound organization in this field. As a manufacturer, supplier and trader of the well-known organization try to give our best quality of caps with different sizes and shapes. The caps are designed for packaging of various liquids, lotions, oils, soaps etc and various pharmaceutical companies, cosmetics, food processing industries and many other industries. Our offered caps are sturdy, leak proof, highly durable, airtight and are offered at very reasonable price.


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It is our responsibility toward continuous improvement that we wish to share with you.


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We have a fully equipped common kitchen where you can make your own meals like breakfast or dinner. And we have free wifi.
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Last week, I uploaded this post, and quite a few of you sent in emails in response to it, so I decided to extend it, and give you another 20 ideas on how you can take a break. They don't take very long, and most of them can be done in 15-30 minutes, or less! That way, you can unwind, recharge, and go back into your world of chaos with a fresh, energized mind.
It's always good fun, isn't it!


text:
Q: Azure storage custom domain name still retain azure domain? Probably a very silly question, however I cannot see an explicit quotation about the following:

*

*I currently have the default Azure storage domain, say: http://myazure.blob.core.windows.net/

*I want to map a custom CNAME for example: myazurestore.mydomain.com to the above storage account.

I currently have an application which has code to refer to the endpoint in item 1 above, which I don't want to upset.
With a new part of the system, I can hopefully use the mapped subdomain in item 2, however I don't want to break the existing app pointing to the default azure domain.
So again, very silly question, but guessing the mapping of a custom domain still leaves the default azure domain active?? (i.e. similar to websites and so on?)
Cheers,

A: Adding custom domains will not break the Azure-assigned domain.  You're safe!

A: You can configure a custom domain for accessing blob data in your Azure storage account. The default endpoint for the Blob service is https://.blob.core.windows.net. If you map a custom domain and subdomain such as www.contoso.com to the blob endpoint for your storage account, then your users can also access blob data in your storage account using that domain.
Azure Docs


DESCRIPTION This function projects a point in the plane onto the surface of a Rie- mann Sphere, the one-point compactification of the complex plane. Each finite point z projects to z itself. Every complex infinite value is projected to a single infinite value, namely to positive infinity on the real axis.
NOTES The glibc implementation is broken and does something entirely differ- ent.


text:
The Weekly BAT + Podcast Ep. 73 — Introducing Brave Today, new private news reader on Brave desktop & iOS, Des Martin (Brave Head of Marketing) on Cryptonites, Brave goes viral on TikTok!
Jennie	on December 14, 2020
Announcement: Introducing Brave Today, the new privacy-preserving news reader integrated into the browser. Features personalized & customizable content from hundreds of sources powered by Brave's new private CDN, as well as Brave Offers for e-commerce
Brave Software announced a new privacy-preserving content stream seamlessly integrated into the browser called Brave Today. The Brave Today news reader is accessible below the new tab page and is delivered anonymously to the user's browser via Brave's new private content delivery network (CDN). When users scroll down to fetch the feed on a new tab page they will discover links to content published by major media outlets in 15 different categories, including global news, business and finance, sports, fashion, food, lifestyle, tech and crypto news, and they can easily customize their stream. Brave Today is available via the Brave browser on both iOS and desktop devices.
Read the full announcement blog: https://brave.com/announcing-brave-today/
Watch our video on Brave Today: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50mhZuHCu50
Learn about Brave's Private Content Delivery Network: https://brave.com/brave-private-cdn/
Learn about How we Choose and Rank Content in Brave Today: https://brave.com/brave-today-content/
Brave Complies With Apple iOS Guidelines, Will Continue to Innovate for Users and Creators They Support
Today Brave is releasing a new version (1.22) of its iOS browser in order to comply with recent stipulations made by Apple. In a nutshell, Brave users on iPhones and iPads will no longer be able to earn rewards for their attention, and will no longer be able to tip their favorite online creators via Brave. These changes to our Brave Rewards system do not apply to our desktop and Android browsers.
Around the iOS 14 release, Apple raised some concerns about our iOS app and deemed that Brave Rewards was not compliant with their guidelines 3.1.1 and 3.2.2, and required immediate remedies. Brave Rewards is built on the Basic Attention Token (BAT) and is a new way to value attention, connecting users, content creators, and advertisers. Users are rewarded in BAT with 70% of the ad revenue share of the privacy-preserving ads they opt into viewing, and they can support content creators they love by rewarding them with BAT. There are currently over 985,000 Brave verified content creators.
Read the full text here: https://brave.com/rewards-ios/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you're a little like us here at Unlocked, you're probably salivating over the recently released NVIDIA Titan V GPU. And if you're a lot like us here at Unlocked, you're probably also running a cost-benefit analysis of selling a kidney to afford one, so let's take a closer look at what makes the new card so appealing.
Aside from scoring points for its gold paintjob, the Titan V packs the best specs we've ever seen on a consumer-market GPU. In fact, its potential maximum performance level is so high, NVIDIA has said on record that the Titan V is not meant to be just a gaming graphics card.
The Titan V has 5120 CUDA cores, which is considerably more than even the powerful GTX 1080Ti. Its also got a whopping 12GB of HMB2 memory, and uses a 12nm fabrication process to pack over twenty-one-billion transistors onto the chip.
Most important is that the "V" in "Titan V" stands for Volta, the nomenclanture for NVIDIA's latest GPU microarchitecture. To truly understand what makes the Titan V a force to be reckoned with, you first have to understand what Volta is.
With Volta, NVIDIA keeps to its scheme of naming its technologies for well known scientists, physicists, and mathematicians. The Volta architecture is named for Alessandro Volta, an 18th century Italian scientist known for pioneering work in the field of electrochemicals and is credited with creating one of the first batteries. He also lends his name to the concept of voltage, and the Volt in the International System of Units.
As I said before, Volta is NVIDIA's latest-generation GPU microarchitecture. A microarchitecture is, on a very basic level, a conceptual pathing arrangement for data flowing to and from a given processor. There has been some slight dilution of the term to refer to the design of any data-handling component within a computer, though this is not entirely accurate.
The key point to keep in mind when discussing ultra-high-end modern GPUs is their intended applications. There are two Volta products available right now, the first of which is Titan V GPU. The second is the Tesla V100 GPU Accelerator, which is intended for enterprise and educational sector data center applications. Consumer market hardware rarely (if ever) supports the physical interconnect to take full advantage of the processing power of the V100, which is known as NVLink. The takeaway here is that neither of these products are actually really intended for gaming, and indeed, it'll probably be many years before any well-optimized gaming title (looking at you, PUBG) could even begin to challenge these GPUs.
But if NVIDIA is making GPUs so powerful that no game could even take advantage of them, why should average consumers care?
The answer lies with an application known as General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units, or, mercifully, GPGPU for short. The short version is this: While initially GPUs were only designed and intended to strictly handle graphics data, someone figured out that vastly different types of datasets could essentially be converted to graphics data, which in turn meant that GPUs could be leveraged to handle a variety of workloads and tasks beyond graphical rendering. This was taken to the extreme with NVIDIA's CUDA Core (Compute Unified Device Architecture,) which gave programmers direct access to the processing power offered by the GPU card.
Volta is the ultimate expression of a microarchitecture optimized for a variety of cutting-edge GPGPU workloads. Data science, robotics and self-driving cars, and machine learning are not only in the realm of possibility, but are well into reality due to Volta's incredible processing power. NVIDIA has made that last one, machine learning, a central focus recently. All Volta units come equipped with some number of NVIDIA's new Tensor Cores, which are processors optimized to handle the arithmetic central to machine learning and neural networks.
Machine learning, of course, leads to the eventual realization of artificial intelligences, which NVIDIA claims can be game-changing for almost any industry. Neural-Network AI has the potential to enhance medical and intelligence imagery processing, market trend prediction, and even protein-unwrapping, to name just a few. Any one of those topics could be the subject of a huge essay by themselves, but they all share one commonality: They require enormous amounts of number-crunching power. In supercomputing terms, that arithmetic is measured in Floating Point Operations per Second, or FLOPS. The concept of Floating Points might be one of the most esoteric mathematical concepts in computing, but the extremely basic explanation of a floating point is a number format involving a representative real number and an exponential identifier. If that doesn't even make sense, don't worry; people usually need to get degrees to really understand this stuff.
The point is, in order to actually power an AI, you need equipment the can perform operations involving Floating Point Numbers trillions of times per second, or TFLOPS. The V100 and Titan V can each compute at above 100 TFLOPS (for comparison, a GTX 1080 Ti can deliver between 11-12 TFLOPS), which means as far as AI is concerned, Volta might have what it takes to actually deliver.
So the Titan V isn't intended as a card for gamers. Who is it actually for?
The Titan V isn't bad for gaming. It's more like current-generation games aren't good enough for the Titan V, and you'd be paying a lot more than you need to for the performance you'd be getting Another obvious application could be cryptocurrency mining, though there's no hard data on hashrate to power efficiency yet.
Part of the target market here is whatever demographic would view a gold plated GPU as a worthy status symbol. Dedicated makers and amatuer inventors working on AI projects might find it appealing, as would smaller machine learning startups who can't fit a DGX-1 platform into their budgets (the DGX-1 is NVIDIA's self-contained enterprise-level AI server.) These are worthy uses, but none of these are really a factor for the average PC user.
Gamers should be far more interested in what Volta could mean for the future. Let's speculate a bit about what that might look like, as cards as powerful as the Titan V become more commonplace.
We're already at the point where games are closing in fast on photorealism, at which point the question would be one of where next to direct technological progression for the industry. Volta may have already answered that with its deep focus on AI. If Nvidia 11 series consumer cards are Volta based (as opposed to continuing on with Pascal architecture), then it stands to reason that an increasing number of PCs will have GPUs with AI-optimized Tensor cores. This potentially opens up a whole new direction to go: One with an extreme emphasis on non-player character AI.
Imagine enemies that get harder not because they gain more health or accuracy, but because at each difficulty level they become less and less restrained and are actually allowed to attempt to outthink the player in organic ways. What if one day soon we have a Halo game where Cortana's lines aren't just at scripted intervals, but fluid and dynamic, actually based upon what's happening around the player? Or maybe the next Elder Scrolls RPG leverages Tensor power to finally have NPCs react in a logical way? Maybe they'll even be smart enough to stop trying to mug Jimmy the Dragonborn, Arch-Mage of the College of Winterhold, Legate of the Imperial Legions, and Member of the Circle of the Companions.
We're standing on the precipice of the AI Era, and that comes with a whole slew of new questions for both players and developers. Imagine trying to design a Sims game where each Sim isn't merely a collection of almost binary traits or needs, but rather an individual, if uncomplicated, neural net. But a convincing character needs a convincing personality, something we haven't seen much from computers as of yet. Machine learning so far has directed toward the impassive, and the cool, calculated manipulation of data. Can we code emotion, can we simulate an actual, self-aware being?
Technologies like Volta may give us the chance to find out very soon.


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Queen's recruitment goes to great lengths to recruit star athletes
Gaels go above and beyond for the best
The ARC is one of the main recruiting tools for Queen's.
In the United States, the way colleges approach athlete recruitment is a lucrative business. After years with their eyes on young talent, recruitment offices spend inordinate amounts of time and money in order to attract what they hope to be the next best thing. If all goes well, a full scholarship and the chance to play with America's best is handed to the athlete. It's no small deal.
Things are a little different in Canada when it comes to recruiting athletes, and Queen's is no exception.
"Academics is the most important factor for most students, including student athletes, in their decision to attend Queen's," Alex Dominato said in an interview with The Journal. Dominato is the recruitment coordinator at Queens. He oversees all the inner-workings of recruitment at the school.
Dominato explained that there are significant differences between how Canadian and American schools can recruit. He described that this often boils down to the amount of money a school can give to its athletes.
While American schools can offer full athletic scholarships, Canadian universities like Queen's can't. To combat this and remain competitive on the recruiting market, other attempts are made to offset the cost of school, such as providing athletes with on-campus jobs.
The size of the financial assistance given, otherwise known as Athletic Financial Awards (AFAs) is determined by the amount of funds that Queen's has. This is extremely important to Queen's ability to attract student-athletes.
"Athletics and Recreation and the Office of Advancement work collaboratively to grow the AFA fund so we can provide more assistance to student-athletes, which may influence their decision," Dominato said.
Keeping these funds at a level that will be able to appeal to the athletes is critical in Queen's efforts to get the student-athletes to commit. Not only does it give them a chance to play their sport at a high level, it has a snowball effect on the ability to grant more valuable AFAs.
In the business of sports, the magic formula of profit for organizations is largely predicated on athletic success. It's simple: the better a team plays, the more revenue the team will generate. It can also have a negative impact to an organization because a slip in success can cause drastic changes in profit.
Queen's also uses one of its best features in order to appeal to potential athletes — the ARC. "They enhance the overall student experience for everyone," Dominato said. It's arguable that many universities have recently updated their athletic facilities, as athletes often have a tendency to choose schools that have the best resources for their needs.


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Home / Reviews / Movies / 80s Action / MISSING IN ACTION
Matt is getting upset…
"The war's not over until the last man comes home!"
Chuck Norris re-fights Vietnam; this time we win.
Surprisingly enough, there's not a whole lot of overt homoeroticism, but enough is implied. First of all, Norris wears tight jeans in several scenes, and we get plenty of close-ups of his hairy, glistening chest. And, in a flashback scene, we get to see a sadistic Vietcong commander tear open Chuck's shirt while he's tied up by his hands. There's also a woman who works for the State Department, who we believe is going to be a love interest, but instead stands around while Norris strips down to his underwear. This occurs two separate times, yet they do not have sex. Hell, they don't even kiss. Even more confusing is when Norris visits Bangkok and turns down an offer of a $10 hooker, and then visits a whorehouse where again, he does not have sex. One could argue that he doesn't even notice that there are women in the building. Add to that the obligatory wrestling scenes, complete with grunting, sweating, with the occasional mud thrown in.
In all, there were 95 confirmed on-screen deaths (yes, I counted), including 32 in the first nine minutes. When Norris blows up a POW camp, at least 100 more were killed, but I was not able to make an accurate count. So, that's like 200 corpses.
At least Rambo moved! I was bored out of my fucking mind when I wasn't being disgusted by the phony dramatics. Norris is a bland non-actor who just might have the fewest lines of dialogue by any lead actor since the advent of sound. And, given that his expression never changes, it's impossible to tell whether or not he's even human. I guess you could give the film credit for filming in what appear to be authentic locations (as opposed to the Georgia wilderness of The Green Berets), but that's faint praise indeed. If I'm going to spend 100 minutes in the presence of conservative propaganda, at least try to be entertaining. It was not. Hell, I didn't even laugh at the absurdity of it all.
Since Norris rarely talks, I thought I'd never hear one. Near the end, he does utter "Yeah, fortunes of war" after killing a slimy soldier, but I would never defend that as a good one-liner. Chuck's buddy in his quest does scream "I'll see you in hell" as he jumps overboard to help fight off a Vietnamese boat, but he wasn't about to kill anyone at the time. Usually films of this type have silly one-liners galore, but I'm not sure the filmmakers even bothered to pick up a script. Dialogue of any kind was the last thing on their minds.
Quite obviously, this film is nothing more than Reagan-era revisionism attempting to redefine the lost cause of Vietnam as a rescue mission instead of the misguided, unwinnable slaughter of millions. Still, I must ask: if POWs were being held for ransom or as a bargaining tool, why would the Vietnamese government deny that they had them? Is it because they love torture and brutality for their own sake? And when we reach one of the POW camps, why are there guard towers? If the Vietnamese deny their existence and the United States government refuses to believe in their existence, who the fuck is going to come looking for them? If no one cares, why not let these wounded, psychologically damaged men wander the streets? Why devote millions of dollars, hundreds of troops, and all the latest military hardware to keeping them hidden? And then when Norris finally locates the POWs, there are only three of them! All that effort for three fucking men? This great, elaborate conspiracy to hide three cocksucking men? Does this shit make sense to the moronic right-wingers who believe this nonsense? Is this how America deals with loss and humiliation? By completely losing our minds and believing what is patently false? While Norris never whines like Stallone about the injustice of it all, it is clear that only bearded, ever-so-homoerotic men are capable of winning our battles. And while we're at it, given the high percentage of minorities who fought in 'Nam, why are POWs in these films always white? Is it because if not, then no one, not even well-built dipshits, would risk life and limb to find them?
Norris slams an axe blade into a man's chest with his bare hands. It takes a few minutes, but he finally gets it in. And, in a flashback/dream sequence, Norris takes a grenade in each hand and jumps — slo-mo style — from a ledge where he lands on several Vietcong and explodes. When the scene immediately following this one is of Norris waking up in a cold sweat, I could not have been more disappointed.
When it comes to revisionist fantasies, right-wingers have us all beat in terms of downright silliness. Do they really believe that you can erase the past and create an entirely new present, even if it resembles a comic book? Of course they do.


Even though we were searching for a long time we did not find anything as good as NetCrunch on the market. NetCrunch helps us make sure that external contractors working on various jobs in our network do not create unintentional loops or cause IP address duplications. Furthermore, it also helps us maintain data security.
With 400.000 square meters and 48 buildings, the campus of the Hannover Medical School (MHH) is larger than 50 soccer fields. Accordingly, the complete campus network is exceptionally big: all technical devices and systems that can be found on such university campus are a part of this network. This also includes the building control systems, the technical equipment and all automation stations that ensure and support the day-to-day-live of the MHH.
The Hannover Medical School was founded in 1965 and has grown continuously since. The approximate 3,000 enrolled students (2012) and nearly 7,600 full-time employees (2013) in various divisions are doing their best to make the time as pleasant and short as possible for the ambulatory and stationary patients. Furthermore, the MHH offered around 600 apprenticeship positions in different fields during the year 2013. MHH is Germany's biggest transplantation center with 423 organ transplantations in the year 2012.


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Wohler is a beautiful vineyard named for, and located on, Wohler Road in the heart of the Russian River Valley. There, dense fog frequently settles, keeping the ripening process slow and steady, producing classic Russian River Valley Chardonnay aromas and flavors. From its alluring layers of tangerine, candied lemon peel, key lime and star fruit to its hints of ginger spice and nutmeg, this is standout wine from a fantastic vineyard.
Gorgeous aromas of tangerine, key lime and star fruit leap from the glass. These vibrant fruit notes continue as you take your first sip, where they mingle with hints of ginger spice and nutmeg that add nuance and intrigue to a round entry. Throughout the long finish, a subtle touch of oak complements a sweet and zesty note of candied lemon peel.
This vintage produced just 10 barrels, 234 (750 ml) cases.
Wohler is a beautiful vineyard named for, and located on, Wohler Road in the heart of the Russian River Valley. It is planted on the valley floor, where dense fog frequently settles, keeping the ripening process slow and steady. The site's fertile soils lead to healthy vines that produce classic Russian River Valley Chardonnay aromas and flavors.
The 2017 growing season started off as a wet one. Record rainfall through April invigorated the vines and bolstered canopies. Moderate-to-warm temperatures followed, allowing the vines to bloom and mature fruit in a balanced and tempered way. We did apply more leafing in our canopy management to counter the invigorating effects of the rain. All of our Chardonnay was picked prior to the devastating wine country fires in early October, so that had no influence. The vineyard is planted to Clone 17. To ensure that the fruit was delivered to the winery cool, and in pristine condition, the grapes were harvested by hand the night of September 19th, 2017.
All grapes went direct to press as whole clusters. By pressing gently as whole clusters, we were able to preserve the bright, delicate characteristics that we prize. After settling, the juice was racked into French oak barrels for fermentation to give the wine just a hint of toast and spice. We used 20% new oak to give the wine a rich palate, while allowing fruit to shine through. Once the primary fermentation was complete, the wine went through a secondary malo-lactic fermentation. The barrel-fermented wine was aged on the lees for nine months, with occasional lees stirring to increase richness and body. The final blend was assembled just prior to bottling, which occurred on August 13th, 2018.


Διαστάσεις (Διάμετρος x Μήκος) ø121mm x 290,2 χιλιοστά / 4.8in. x 11.4in.
Η εμφάνιση και οι προδιαγραφές ενδέχεται να αλλάξουν χωρίς προειδοποίηση ..
Υπόθεση, Cover Hood (LH1164-01), ιμάντα ώμου που παρέχονται.
This lens incorporates 2 FLD ("F" Low Dispersion) glass elements, which have performance equal to fluorite and 3 SLD (Special Low Dispersion) glass elements, and compensates for color aberration at the utmost. Chromatic aberration in particular, which could be visible especially towards the telephoto end even when stopped down, is corrected by the optimized design of glass elements including FLD lenses.
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Make your dolls' next party a smash with dollhouse drinks from miniatures.com! We have beautiful pre-assembled gin and tonic sets, champagne buckets, and more for a classy mini party. For a more casual get-together, you'll love our wine coolers and tubs filled with drink cans on ice. We even have a set of miniature alcohol and accessories for setting up your own home bar!
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Volendam is a picturesque town in Holland. Sample some local cheese as you tour a windmill and try on some wooden shoes. Walk into postcard-perfect Holland and experience Volendam!
Be sure to stop by the Volendam Museum for an interactive look at the history of Volendam. You'll find family-friendly exhibits that feature local tradition and lifestyle.
The Cheese Factory in Volendam will be a treat for your taste buds and your olfactory sense. Visit to learn about how cheese is made today and sample a variety of cheeses. There are tours given everyday in a variety of languages.
Volendam is just 12 miles north of the capital of the Netherlands: Amsterdam. A day trip between the two cities takes thirty minutes by car and under an hour by train.
No trip to the Netherlands could be complete without a requisite windmill sighting. Lose yourself to the Dutch countryside and take a trip to Zaanse Schans. Be sure to explore the huge, well-maintained windmills still in function as you sightsee in Zaanse Schans.
Take a tour of the tiny town of Edam --population 7,000 and enjoy some namesake Edam cheese while you're there. After you've gorged on dairy, take a turn around the city, the charming architecture is the perfect way to walk off all that cheese.
Visit the formerly isolated island of Marken via the Volendam Marken Express. The ferry transports a quarter million passengers each year and offers great views of Volendam and Marken.
How to Get Around Volendam?
Do as the locals do and get yourself a bike. Renting bikes is an inexpensive way to get around Volendam and sightsee at the same time. For day trips from Volendam you have the option of taking ferries, buses, or trains.
What to eat in Volendam?
First and foremost, be sure to sample the cheese in Volendam. Other local goodies include waffles, apple tarts, poffertjes (small pancakes), bitterbaalen (fried balls of cheese), and many more Dutch delights.
The best time to visit Volendam is during the summer months. It can be quite cold in the winter and you are most likely to get sunshine and warm weather from June to August.
Want to discover all there is to do in Volendam? Click here for a full list.
I was pleasantly surprised that the tour offered so much to see and do, and was so much fun! And in light of its costs, this tour offers excellent value for money. Credit goes to the team of professional guides (Ian, Semlina & Harold) and driver.
A trip that was so much more than I expected!
If I have to put in one word - wonderful! From start to end, we were taken good care of, lots of interesting facts and stories were presented by the knowledgable guide Sandra (Thank you so much, Sandra! And thank you, Nick for he safe driving!). So many activities and hands-on experience in various workshops were included that there was not one minute to feel bored! Great value for what it is worth and weather was favourable too which is always a bonus in windy, wintry, mid-March Holland! Really pleased with the choice of places and quite informative - one gets to see the Netherlands in a snapshot of a few hours! Highly recommend!!! If you do one thing outside of Amsterdam - that has to be it! PS: quite strict with leaving times but that is not a bad thing as when travelling as a group, and visiting more than one place. It is only fair to everybody- so make sure you have a good watch with you!


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Husband and wife gearing up for Olympic duties
Published: 10:47 AM August 9, 2012 Updated: 6:44 PM November 1, 2020
A HUSBAND and wife team are preparing for Olympic duties when the mountain biking event comes to Essex later this month.
Pcs Daren and Emma Chambers played a part in ensuring the safe journey of the Olympic Torch through Essex in July and are now gearing up for the two-day event at Hadleigh Farm this Saturday and Sunday.
The duo, who live in the Southend area and have been married for six years, will be taking on very different roles to make sure the 19,000 spectators expected on both days are able to enjoy the event in safety.
Daren will be taking a break from his usual role within Southend neighbourhood policing team to patrol the 550-acre site at Hadleigh Farm on a bike.
A keen cyclist himself, Daren is qualified to deliver cycle training and has trained a team of 11 other police officers to an advanced level to patrol the hilly terrain of Hadleigh Farm. He was lucky enough to have been allowed to ride the course in the months prior to the event.
Daren said: "Cycling is a personal hobby of mine so I'm really lucky to be able to combine it with work.
"The quickest way to get around Hadleigh Farm is by pedal bike so on the days of the event me and the other officers will be on hand to deal with any policing issue that may arise."
In the run up to the Olympic event, Daren will be involved in security patrols outside the site at Hadleigh and other Olympic related sites including Basildon Sports Village.
His wife Emma won't be on site at Hadleigh this weekend but will be taking on the role of Public Order tactical advisor at Essex Police headquarters. She'll be on hand to advise senior officers on tactics and available resources in the event of an emergency.
Emma's usual role is as a neighbourhood officer at Hullbridge where she has been stationed for just over two years. Before that she was based at headquarters in Chelmsford as a public order trainer.
She said: "Hadleigh is a world class venue and I'm looking forward to the event. It's great to be involved.
"I was heavily involved in the Torch Relay through Southend, Rayleigh and Hadleigh. There was a lot of planning involved and it was hard work but it was all worth it on the day. It was a fabulous experience."


Now I�m into rock and roll as well as other genres, but I have to say I�d go see Johnny again! That my friend is a talented musician. My goal is to reach 100 years old, so I have 50 more years to play with, which I think is plenty of time to accomplish some of my �... But, if it's after a group sing, say, at a birthday party or something AND you felt it was honestly intended to embarrass and /or hurt you in front of others, find an opportunity to describe your hurt shortly after if you feel that the other person is close enough to care about, otherwise write them off as a friend.
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Jorge Andújar Moreno (* 26. dubna 1987 Madrid), známý jako Coke, je španělský profesionální fotbalista, který hraje na pozici pravého obránce za španělský klub Levante UD.

Klubová kariéra
Se Sevillou se probojoval až do finále Evropské ligy 2013/14, v němž jeho tým porazil portugalskou Benfiku Lisabon až v penaltovém rozstřelu (4:2, 0:0 po prodloužení). Coke (stejně jako ostatní tři hráči Sevilly) svůj penaltový pokus proměnil. Evropskou ligu UEFA vyhrál se Sevillou i v následujících sezónách 2014/15 a 2015/16.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Profil hráče na Transfermarkt.com

Španělští fotbalisté
Fotbaloví obránci
Fotbalisté Rayo Vallecano
Fotbalisté Sevilla FC
Narození v roce 1987
Žijící lidé
Muži
Narození 26. dubna
Vítězové Evropské ligy UEFA
Narození v Madridu
Fotbalisté Schalke 04

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Michael Sarno Calls For Change In This 2Pac Inspired Video
Written by SpitFireHipHop on January 20, 2021
NJ Firefighter/ U.S. Army Combat Veteran, Michael Sarno, attained viral success championing COVID-19 frontline heroes with his Wu-Tang-themed song/video tribute titled "#CovidCalls" which clocked over 500,000 views on major media platforms. As the United States recovers from a historically unstable period, a charged cycle of civil unrest gravely divides the nation. Sarno, known as BFDgold, felt obliged to return to the recording studio and articulate a unifying message for change while embodying the spirit of American values.
Michael Sarno's second ever studio session birthed "#Changes2021" (A remake of Tupac Shakur's timeless hit: "Changes"). This news media clip-driven music video, directed by Gennaro Ilaria, Michael Sarno, veteran rapper William Cooper, and Lucy Papandrea illustrates a path of hope to make changes ensuring an equitable society in which all can live in peace and reach their full potential. Sarno spoke of the importance of "#Changes2021," stating, "We need to regain accountability and a sense of patriotism. Regardless of our differences or who you voted for, we are all humans and have the right to an equitable society. I hope this video will bring people together in peace to speak with equal voice."
#Changes2021
Michael Sarno


Description: It is a time of transformation for pharmacy and healthcare business models, and for the public policy and political arenas that shape them. With patient care remaining the focus, Steve will discuss opportunities for pharmacy to enhance its role as the face of neighborhood healthcare, to continue to innovate, and to work together to anticipate and address future dynamics.
1. Describe the public policy issues that will impact pharmacy.
2. Discuss changes that can be made to better utilize pharmacists to improve patient outcomes.
3. Summarize steps pharmacy can take to improve and serve as meaningful contributors to patient care.


text:
Avezac-Prat-Lahitte är en kommun i departementet Hautes-Pyrénées i regionen Occitanien i sydvästra Frankrike. Kommunen ligger i kantonen La Barthe-de-Neste som tillhör arrondissementet Bagnères-de-Bigorre. År  hade Avezac-Prat-Lahitte  invånare.

Befolkningsutveckling
Antalet invånare i kommunen Avezac-Prat-Lahitte

Se även
 Lista över kommuner i departementet Hautes-Pyrénées

Källor

Externa länkar

Kommuner i Hautes-Pyrénées


My eyes are always on the Lord, he rescues me from the traps of my enemies.
"do you want Jesus to deliver you out of the place that brings you suffering?" Sometimes a broken heart, financial trouble or addiction keeps us away from God. Only the grace of Jesus can make us whole in every situation and carries us through it.
First, How Can You Be Delivered?
In this world, suffering is unavoidable. But the next world will be free from it. Getting to know the Son of God personally and accepting His gift of eternal life is the way to gain Heaven: His deliverance from all worldly suffering.
Know that Faith is what brings Deliverance.
Have faith that the Son of God, Yeshua, can set you free. Hebrews 11:6 tells us, "… it is impossible to please God without faith. Anyone who wants to come to Him must believe that God exists and that He rewards those who sincerely seek Him." Believe in Him in your heart.
Know Jesus' Desire for You to be Delivered and Whole.
True faith asks, believing Jesus is willing, but understanding He may have better plans.
Ask yourself … how great is your burden?
Do you feel like you've done too much or have gone through too much in your life to be delivered? You're not alone.
With Christ, there is peace that supasses all of our temporary troubles here on earth. This peace comes from knowing that we can only find victory in Jesus. So, "Today when you hear his voice, don't harden your hearts." (Hebrews 3:7) Because he has overcome the world, bringing us everlasting hope, no struggle can keep us from it. "For God says, "At just the right time, I hear you. On the day of Salvation, I helped you."( 2 Corinthians 6:2).
It doesn't matter how great the burden you carry.
Father, "turn to me and have mercy, for I am alone and in deep distress. My problems go from bad to worse." Help me. In Jesus' Name, amen.
Does Jesus still hear our prayers today?
Can My Marriage Be Rescued?
God wants to save your marriage. Will you let Him?


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text:
Home Idyllwild News Idyllwild Arts, water district discuss future supply
Idyllwild Arts, water district discuss future supply
Officials from Idyllwild Arts (IA) attended the Idyllwild Water District (IWD) meeting to discuss the school's future construction plans. While IA has not completed the county's planning process, Jon Newman, IA's dean of students, told the board that a "will serve" letter for the new health center should be submitted in early 2012.
The president's and two faculty residences are still next in the school's building priorities, according to Jon Twichell, IA's Sustainability and Project Management consultant.
Also attending the session was Idyllwild Fire Chief Norm Walker, who assured the water board that the fire district was satisfied with water pressure available from the school's hydrants.
To gain quicker approval at the county level, Newman and Twichell said the master plan has been split into short-term (10 years) and long-term (beyond 10 years) plans.
"We're breaking the environmental assessment into two parts," Twichell said. "In phase 2, no environmental or archeological resources will be examined until the projects are actually happening."
Besides the previously mentioned projects, the short-term plan includes the construction of a concert theater. But Newman stressed this construction was dependent upon securing donations to fund the project.
Further, Newman emphasized that project cost and funding would include whatever special needs Riverside County, Idyllwild Fire or Idyllwild Water districts require. He used the widening of Lowman Lane to provide access for emergency vehicles, such as fire trucks, as an example of IA incorporating the costs of specific requirements into total project funding.
One of these requirements for contemplated construction might be a future water storage tank, according to Lyons. This will depend upon the school's decision on whether it will want or need another water meter.
Twichell indicated that IA is evaluating a fire line meter or an onsite reservoir as alternatives to be used for emergencies as future development becomes firmer.
"We look forward to working with you. You're a valuable part of the community," Allan Morphett, IWD president, said as the discussion concluded. "And we have 1,600 other members, too."
In other business, Lyons reported that the staff was still reviewing options for retiree health care and that it was too early to set a date for a workshop.
Auditor and Controller Jim Ludy presented the 2010-11 audit for the board's acceptance. The San Bernardino firm, Rogers, Anderson, Malody and Scott, was the accounting firm. This was its first IWD audit.
They made several recommendations on internal controls, including segregation of duties. But the firm's essential accounting finding opined, "... the basic financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Idyllwild Water District at June 30, 2011 and the results of its operation and cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles accepted in the U.S."
For fiscal year 2010-11, IWD's revenues grew almost $11,000 and expenses declined about $10,000, yet the net income was a negative $29,000.
After the first quarter of this fiscal year, Ludy reported that net income was almost $75,000. At the end of the first fiscal quarter a year ago, net income was less than $50,000. Ludy said this year residential water sales are ahead of budget projects, but commercial sales are slightly less. Revenue is up despite water production being down about 10 percent.
Lyons was happy with the current water levels, which he said were equal to the September 2010 levels, and he has been able to keep Foster Lake almost full this fall. The September usage (9.3 million gallons) was nearly 6.2 percent greater than a year ago, but the usage year-to-date (65.7 million gallons) is 2.2 percent less than the first nine months of 2010.
Idyllwild Water offers water to help town Christmas Tree
Hub hosts ladies bike maintenance clinic
Assemblyman Jones brings mobile office to Hemet
Previous articleIdyllwild Chamber welcomes Fern Valley Inn
Next articleObituary: Eleanor Hallenbeck


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Chapter 1243 - What A Killjoy!
Chapter 1243: What A Killjoy!
Yao Anqi had no idea what happened as she stared blankly at the reporters that were surrounding her and sticking microphones in her face.
"Miss Yao, have you seen the article that's been spreading online?"
"Miss Yao, someone revealed that you stole another woman's boyfriend so you could find a long-term financial support for you and your child. What are your thoughts regarding this?"
"Miss Yao…"
"Wait," Yao Anqi cut in as she asked confusedly, "I don't quite understand why you're surrounding me."
Seeing her expression, the reporters realized that she was clueless, so they looked up the article and showed it to her.
"In the eyes of everyone in Beijing, you are a sl*t. Did you know that?"
After Yao Anqi saw the article, she took a deep breath, "How could people believe in something like this? Isn't your job as a reporter to investigate the truth? Why are people already questioning me with hostility when this article was just released?"
"Do you think you're above me?"
"Or do you hold evidence that I cheated?"
"If you have nothing and you're throwing around derogatory claims, I would like to know who gave you the right to do that."
"Does that mean you're denying what's written in the article?" a reporter asked as she raised her microphone.
"I don't want anyone to feel bad before things have been clarified. So, I don't plan to give any responses at this point." Yao Anqi was calm and unfazed. To be exact, she was indifferent because she wasn't afraid of the reporters. After all, she had married Mo Zixi and she understood that the Mo Family spent most of their lives in the limelight.
Actually, Mo Zixi had already arrived at the hospital a minute ago. When he saw Yao Anqi being surrounded, he did not feel good, so he was tempted to walk over and take her away. But…
…when he saw that Yao Anqi dealt with the reporters naturally, Mo Zixi relaxed. Perhaps…
…she wasn't as weak as he thought.
The reporters continued to cling to Yao Anqi, but she completely ignored them.
They followed her all the way out of the hospital with no intention of letting go. But, at this time, Mo Zixi stepped out of his sports car, walked over to Yao Anqi and hooked his arm around her waist, "We never wanted our private matters to be known by everyone, but since someone deliberately exposed it, we aren't afraid to face it."
"Hai Rui will explain the truth soon and give you all the answers you want. So, I hope all you reporters can stop making things difficult for us. We aren't from the entertainment industry, so we don't like all the attention."
"Especially my wife. She's an ER doctor that could be saving a life at anytime. If you don't have anything else, please stop disturbing her."
Mo Zixi's sudden appearance immediately drew the media's attention and Yao Anqi was freed.
Mo Zixi nudged her into the hospital and gestured for her to return to work. As for the media, he knew exactly how to deal with them.
Yao Anqi trusted Mo Zixi, so she returned to her post. As for the person that created a story out of the entire situation, who else would do it apart from Chen Jingrong?
Actually, even Chen Jingrong never expected to be turned into a victim that everyone was discussing.
However, she wasn't happy with this outcome. After all, she knew that as soon as the truth got revealed, she would be the only one to suffer in the end.
So, she gave Li Shengyuan a phone call, "Are you crazy? What you've done won't help me, but ruin me instead!"
"I wanted to use this method to make Mo Zixi officially give up on you," the man replied confidently.
"As a mere model, aren't you afraid that the Mo Family will discover you?"
"What should I be afraid of?" Li Shengyuan wasn't worried at all. "The Mo Family will, at most, find out where the article started, but it would never lead back to me."
"But, Hai Rui can always reveal the truth. Do you really want the whole world to know that I stripped myself naked and lay next to Mo Zixi to trick him 4 years ago?"
Chen Jingrong was so emotional that she accidentally revealed this truth.
As soon as Li Shengyuan heard this, his expression changed a little, "Did you…actually do that?"
"You released information when you didn't know a thing. If Mo Zixi reveals the truth, do you think I could live up to it?" Chen Jingrong asked helplessly. "You don't know me and you don't understand me. Why would you try to stick up for me?"
"It's bad enough that you tried to stick up for me, you chose to do it in such a stupid way!"
Li Shengyuan was suddenly rendered speechless.
"I simply wanted to get revenge for you. Nothing else."
"Are you going to delete your article?"
"It's too late."
Now that everyone was gossiping about this matter, who cared whether it was true or not? Everyone was just joining in on the fun.
"You're lucky that I don't work in the entertainment industry, otherwise, I would be completely ruined by you. But, it doesn't matter now, they can say whatever they want about me…"
Chen Jingrong had already given up. She didn't expect to attract trouble like this.
In front of Mo Zixi, she already embarrassed herself enough. This time, she was embarrassing herself in front of the entire nation.
However, she didn't hate Li Shengyuan as much as she thought she would.
Was she seriously crazy?
"I'll think of a way to turn this around. If Hai Rui gets involved, the situation will be very different."
"Do what you want," Chen Jingrong said before she hung up.
From the moment that Li Shengyuan first met Chen Jingrong, he should have known that she was a schematic and calculative person.
But, he still got involved with no regret.
So, he deserved what was happening to him.
To make Chen Jingrong feel a little better, he immediately posted a second article: [Turn of events: This is the truth that you wanted]
The content of the article was from the perspective of Chen Jingrong. It explained that she had already broken up with Mo Zixi and Mo Zixi never cheated, nor did he make her have an abortion.
Although their breakup caused a bit of drama at first, it was all settled now.
So, there was no cheating and no mistress…
When the public saw this, they weren't pleased with what they saw.
They were enjoying the show and it was just reaching its climax, yet the show ended just like that.
What a killjoy!
When Chen Jingrong saw this, she didn't know why, but she suddenly felt like laughing.
That guy wasn't actually that bad.
But, he was already too late because Hai Rui had already discovered him and was ready to do some PR for Mo Zixi.


text:
GOP lawmakers mark success by flipping rules from Obama era
By KEVIN FREKING Published May 14, 2017 Economic IndicatorsAssociated Press
Final score: Republicans 14, Barack Obama's last-minute regulations, one.
Congressional Republicans anxious to show voters they can get something done are hailing their reversal of more than a dozen Obama-era regulations on guns, the internet and the environment.
Over a few months, lawmakers used an obscure legislative rule to ram through changes that will have far-reaching implications for the coal industry, broadband customers, hunters and women seeking health care at Planned Parenthood and other abortion providers.
The deadline for scuttling the rules that Democrat Obama imposed during his final months in office was last Thursday. The 1996 Congressional Review Act had given Republicans the power to make the changes with a simple majority, within a set time.
While the rest of Washington focused on the furor over President Donald Trump's firing of FBI Director James Comey, Republicans were celebrating their effort to reverse the rules, arguing that it would boost the economy and make it easier for businesses to operate.
"I am almost speechless when I think about the success," said Sen. Jim Inhofe, R-Okla.
Senators pointed out that Congress had only once before used the legislative tools stemming from the Congressional Review Act to quash a regulation — until this year. In all, the GOP was able to reverse 14 regulations that had or will get Trump's signature.
Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader in the Senate, argued that overturning rules passed at the end of the Obama administration hardly constituted an agenda.
"The fact that they are bragging about these highlights how little else they have accomplished legislatively," Schumer said.
Republicans have a long way to go in their efforts to repeal and replace the health care law, cut taxes and boost infrastructure spending, all Trump priorities. Still, the GOP made clear soon after election victories in November that one of the first orders of business would be to go after Obama administration rules.
The effort has had strong backing from business groups such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Rifle Association and prominent anti-abortion groups — all key constituencies that generally back Republican candidates. The Chamber endorsed eight of the 14 repeal resolutions that Congress passed. One still awaits the president's signature before it can become law.
Republicans reversed Obama rules that enhanced protections for waterways near coal mines, required contractors to disclose violation of 14 federal labor laws for the previous three years when bidding on contracts and imposed tight restrictions on what broadband companies such as Verizon, AT&T and Comcast could do with their customers' personal data.
Neil Bradley, a senior vice president at the Chamber, said that when it comes to slow economic growth, it's difficult to say, "This regulation is the culprit, but collectively, that's what happens."
"Together, they affected a pretty broad base of the business community," Bradley said.
Democrats overwhelmingly voted against most of the regulatory repeals. Republicans generally supported them, with Vice President Mike Pence casting the tie-breaking vote to allow states to deny federal family planning money to Planned Parenthood and other abortion providers. That reversed a rule Obama issued in his last weeks in office.
While many of the actions were designed to help businesses, others addressed social issues, including the repeal of a regulation designed to keep guns out of the hands of certain mentally disabled people. The NRA as well as advocacy groups for the disabled and the ACLU weighed in. They said it was discriminatory for the Social Security Administration to forward the names of certain beneficiaries to the instant background check system based on a mental disability and having a third party manage their benefits.
Democrats and environmentalists scored one victory last week.
Senate Republicans failed to overturn a rule that would have forced energy companies to capture more of the methane that's burned off or "flared" at drilling sites. Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., said he considered the rule onerous but undoing it would have prevented the Bureau of Land Management from issuing a similar rule in the future.
McCain, Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and Sen. Susan Collins of Maine joined Democrats on the vote.
GOP leaders opted not to bring a couple dozen other repeal resolutions up for a vote, including one that would have blocked a rule designed to protect funds on prepaid debit cards in case of fraud and unauthorized use.
Still, the 14 victories gave Republicans a chance to crow.
"In just a few short months, we have turned a significant corner from how things operated under the Obama administration," said Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky. "Instead of going around Congress to push through regulations, the president is working with us to ease the burden."


Mar 03, 20180183;32;The report found Australia had 76 gold mines that produced more than 10,000 ounces in 2016, pouring a combined 9.6 million ounces, the equivalent of 302 tonnes.
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In the gold rush in South Australia gold was brought from Victoria. The gold rush in South Australia began slowly. Para River gave up gold in the gold rush of South Australia. Echunga was a mining town in the gold rush of South Australia. The gold rush of South Australia was hard for most people. The state benefitted in gold rush south australia.
Gold experts called for Australian governments to purchase them for historical purposes, but Western Australia said it didn't have a spare A$7 million (roughly $5 million) to spend.
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Gold mining in Western Australia dates back to the 1880s but became a significant industry in the 1890s, following gold discoveries at Coolgardie in 1892 and Kalgoorlie in 1893. It reached an early peak in 1903, experienced a revival in the 1930s and a further revival in the 1980s.
Nov 28, 20180183;32;In the gold rush in South Australia gold was brought from Victoria. The gold rush in South Australia began slowly. Para River gave up gold in the gold rush of South Australia. Echunga was a mining town in the gold rush of South Australia. The gold rush of South Australia was hard for most people. The state benefitted in gold rush south australia.


text:
Q: Fixed point iteration in Python Im beginner at Python and I have a problem with this task:

*

*Write a function which find roots of user's mathematical function using fixed-point iteration.

*Use this function to find roots of: x^3 + x - 1.

*Draw a graph of the dependence of roots approximation by the step number of iteration algorithm.

This is my first time using Python, so I really need help. This is my code, but its not working:
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def fixedp (function, x0, min = 0.001, max = 100):
  i = 0
  e = 1
  xp = []
  while (e > min and i < max):
    x = function(x0)
    e = norm(x0 - x)
    x0 = x
    xp.append(x0)
    i = i + 1
  return x, xp

fx = input("Wrote function : ")
function = lambda x: eval(fx)

x_start = 0.5
xf,xp = fixedp(function, x_start)

x = linspace(0,2,100)
y = function(x)
plot(x, y, xp, function(xp), 'bo', x_start, f(x_start), 'ro', xf, f(xf), 'go', x, x, 'k')
show()

A: First of all I will note the the logic of your code is great and working. There are some issues with indentation and syntax so I rewrote your code.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from typing import Tuple, List
from math import *

def iteration(given_function, x0, min_error=0.001, max_iteration=3) -> Tuple[float, List]:
    i = 0
    error = 1
    xp = []
    x = None
    while error > min_error and i < max_iteration:
        x = given_function(x0)
        error = abs(x0 - x)
        x0 = x
        xp.append(x0)
        i += 1
    print(xp)
    return x, xp

def plot(xf, xp, x_start, given_function):
    function_v = np.vectorize(given_function)

    x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)
    y = function_v(x)
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.plot(xp, function_v(xp), 'bo')
    plt.plot(x_start, given_function(x_start), 'ro')
    plt.plot(xf, given_function(xf), 'go')
    plt.plot(x, x, 'k')
    plt.show()

def main():
    fx = input("Write function: ")
    given_function = lambda x: eval(fx)

    x_start = 0.9
    xf, xp = iteration(given_function, x_start)

    plot(xf, xp, x_start, given_function)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Good luck with Python in the future!


text:
'use strict';

// Base classes

exports.RequestBodySearch = require('./request-body-search');

exports.Aggregation = require('./aggregation');

exports.Query = require('./query');

exports.Suggester = require('./suggester');

exports.Script = require('./script');

exports.Highlight = require('./highlight');

exports.GeoPoint = require('./geo-point');

exports.GeoShape = require('./geo-shape');

exports.IndexedShape = require('./indexed-shape');

exports.Sort = require('./sort');

exports.Rescore = require('./rescore');

exports.InnerHits = require('./inner-hits');

exports.SearchTemplate = require('./search-template');

exports.consts = require('./consts');

exports.util = require('./util');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub