text:
es un manga shōnen de terror japonés escrito e ilustrado por Kentarō Satō.

Argumento
La historia trata sobre la vida de Aya Asagiri, una estudiante de secundaria que sufre intenso maltrato tanto en la escuela como en su hogar por lo que considera la posibilidad de suicidarse. Un día a través de un misterioso sitio web escucha a una niña de aspecto tenebroso mencionándole que le otorgara la posibilidad de convertirse en una chica mágica, tiempo después, se entera de un oscuro secreto que está siendo planificado por los administradores del sitio web que implica un peligro para toda la humanidad. Aya se va haciendo de  amigos y enemigos en el camino mientras lucha para averiguar cómo sobrevivir.Aya y sus amigas tratan de vencer a la misteriosa administradora del sitio web para tener una vida en paz.

Personajes

Aya es la protagonista de la historia. Ella es una chica de secundaria de catorce años con cabello largo y negro. Al comienzo de la serie, es intimidada en la escuela y abusada en casa por su hermano, quien le dice repetidamente que está mejor muerta. Tiene una personalidad gentil y amable, y se demuestra cuando cuida a un gato abandonado que luego es asesinado. Después de obtener su varita (en forma de pistola), se muestra reacia a usarla porque no quiere matar gente. Pero cuando su propia vida está en peligro, descubre que no tiene más remedio que usarla para mantenerse con vida. Su varita es una pistola que dispara humo en forma de corazón y teletransporta al objetivo a la ubicación en la que ha estado antes. El cabello de Aya crece más y cambia de negro a rojo cuando usa su arma, lo que hace que la sangre fluya de sus ojos. El emblema de su arma, en sus ojos, y su muñeca izquierda cuando usa su varita es un corazón rojo. Su habilidad especial es la lectura y su fuerza es su cálida personalidad. Las cosas favoritas de Aya incluyen frutas, chocolate, juguetes de peluche y alimentos carnosos. Más adelante se revela que Aya es en realidad la hermana gemela mayor de Tsuyuno separada desde su nacimiento.

Tsuyuno es la compañera de clase de Aya y se revela a sí misma como otra chica mágica cuando salva a Aya de un matón. Tsuyuno vive en un trauma después de presenciar el asesinato de sus padres por un ladrón que invadió su casa cuando ella era una niña pequeña. El ladrón le perdonó la vida, diciendo que volvería por ella cuando creciera. Vivió con miedo hasta que aparece el mismo sitio web que luego aparece para Aya, otorgándole poderes mágicos. Más tarde es capaz de localizar al asesino de sus padres y se venga manteniéndolo como rehén en su apartamento, torturándolo todos los días. Después de conocer a Aya, se ofrece a ayudarla y la consuela cuando se asusta, lo que a su vez forma una fuerte amistad entre los dos. Ella le dice a Aya que cada vez que usan sus varitas mágicas, sus vidas se acortan. Ella usa su esperanza de vida en un esfuerzo final por salvar a Aya y sus amigos. Tsuyuno congela el tiempo con su varita que toma la forma de un teléfono inteligente. Cuando usa su varita, el emblema en sus ojos y muñeca es una luna creciente amarilla. Su cabello, que normalmente es amarillo, se desvanece en naranja mientras la sangre fluye por su boca. Sus cosas favoritas son las verduras, los juegos móviles, la miel, el yogur, las cosas lindas y los personajes de las mascotas.Más adelante se revela que ella es en realidad la hermana gemela menor perdida de Aya.  En el capítulo 54 del manga, Tsuyuno murió y su cuerpo está rodeado de humo negro después de usar demasiado su varita. Ella podría haberse reencarnado como Ni, una administradora del sitio.

Rina es una niña de trece años que actualmente está tomando la apariencia de la hermana mayor de Sarina, Saki, un efecto de una varita mágica en forma de cámara. Su apariencia original incluye un bob gris corto y pecas. En el pasado, fue intimidada hasta el punto de no poder mirar cigarras sin asustarse. Tsuyuno conoció a Rina en línea mientras trataba de averiguar qué significaba el reloj de cuenta atrás en el sitio web. Rina inicialmente estaba recopilando información sobre otras chicas mágicas durante su desaparición, que ocurrió al mismo tiempo con el inicio de una ola de asesinatos de chicas mágicas. Más tarde se revela que ella es la asesina y ha estado matando a otras chicas mágicas para obtener sus varitas y mantenerse con vida. Su propia varita es un martillo. Su emblema es un diamante azul que aparece en sus ojos. Su cabello rosado se desvanece en azul claro y la sangre fluye por su nariz cuando usa su varita. Ella les informa a Tsuyuno y Aya que ha descubierto que el reloj de cuenta regresiva está marcando lafin de la humanidad . Los dos son capaces de someter a Rina, pero antes de que ella pueda decirles su fuente, entra en coma debido al uso excesivo de varitas. Los médicos que luego la examinan están perplejos, ya que aunque se ve joven, sus órganos funcionan como los de una persona de 70 años. Ella se recupera del coma gracias a Kosame, y luego se convierte en una aliada. Las cosas favoritas de Rina incluyen panqueques, computadoras y aguacates.

Apodada Nijimin, es la más popular del grupo ídolo 'Inu Asobi' (Puppy Play). Aya y Tsuyuno intentan encontrarse con ella ya que ella era un objetivo en una Nota de matanza de varitas que Rina llevaba. Aunque su comportamiento normal es muy alegre y amistoso, cuando se le muestra una foto de Rina, se enfada mucho y se vuelve homicida. Quiere vengar la muerte de su amiga Mikado (también una chica mágica) que fue asesinada por Rina para robarle la varita del lápiz mecánico de su amiga. Más tarde se siente traicionada cuando se enteró de que Aya y Tsuyuno habían estado manteniendo en secreto la ubicación de Rina, ya que no sabía que necesitaban la ayuda de Rina con respecto a la Tempestad. Nijimin también se enamora de Kaname, aunque no sabe que él abusa de Aya hasta que le roba la varita y la usa para emboscar a los demás. Nijimin puede controlar la mente de cualquiera, incluidas otras chicas mágicas y administradores de sitios con su varita, un par de bragas. El emblema en su varita, en sus ojos y muñeca izquierda cuando la usa es una pala púrpura. Sus cambios físicos mientras usa su varita están ocultos con lentes de contacto que ocultan el emblema en sus ojos, su cabello teñido que oculta su cambio de color de cabello y corrector aplicado en su muñeca para cubrir su emblema de vida útil. Las cosas favoritas de Nijimin son las manzanas, el té con leche de tapioca y los perros. Es asesinada por Kaname con la varita de Sayuki mientras intentaba recuperar su varita. Antes de convertirse en una niña mágica, la familia de Nijimin tuvo una crisis financiera y vivía con miedo cuando los usureros seguían llegando a su casa y amenazando a su padre con pagar sus deudas. Incapaz de pagar sus deudas, su padre más tarde se suicidó ahorcándose.

Sarina es la líder de un trío de matones que han atormentado sin piedad a Aya desde que se transfirió a su escuela, ya que la ve como una persona débil. Cuando una de sus amigas en el trío, Erika, muere debido a la varita de Aya, inmediatamente sospecha de ella, lo que lleva a una amenazante confrontación con un cortador de cajas en el baño de niñas de la escuela. Aya es salvada por Tsuyuno que usa el cortador de Sarina para cortarse la garganta mientras el tiempo se congela. Sarina sobrevive a la herida y termina en el mismo hospital al que llevaron a Rina. Pronto se entera de que Aya y Tsuyuno fueron responsables de su lesión y los escucha hablar sobre la existencia de chicas mágicas. A diferencia de otras chicas mágicas, Más tarde, Sarina recibe una varita directamente de Nana (una administradora del sitio web de chicas mágicas) en forma de yo-yo con el emblema de un phi naranja (Φ) que tiene la capacidad de cortar objetos por la mitad. Su cabello rojo se desvanece a un naranja amarillento y la sangre fluye de sus oídos cuando usa su varita. Luego es enviada a completar la misión de Rina de recolectar varitas. Sarina es supuestamente asesinada por Nana en el tercer volumen del manga cuando pregunta si vale la pena ser la única sobreviviente una vez que la tempestad haya terminado. Sin embargo, al final del quinto volumen del manga, se insinúa que puede haber sobrevivido. Se asoció con Alice y luego se asoció con Aya y el resto de las chicas mágicas para ayudar a la destrucción de los administradores del Sitio de Chicas Mágicas. Luego es enviada a completar la misión de Rina de recolectar varitas.

El hermano mayor adoptivo de Aya que abusa de ella cada vez que puede cuando está solo, generalmente atándola y golpeándola hasta que vomita. De hecho, asume que todos los que lo rodean son "repugnantes", aunque por fuera parece un chico carismático. Se revela que abusa de Aya como una salida de estrés para lidiar con las altas expectativas de su padre sobre el rendimiento académico de su hijo, golpeándolo cuando no obtiene calificaciones perfectas en los exámenes y otras asignaciones. Kaname se cree un prodigio capaz de manipular a quien quiera y desee para que se convierta en Dios. Más tarde se involucra con chicas mágicas cuando descubre el sitio de Magical Girl en el historial del navegador de Aya y comienza a trabajar junto con Nana. Después de robar la varita de Nijimi y controlar completamente su mente, ataca a Aya y los demás mientras están de vacaciones en la playa. Después de la emboscada y antes de que pudiera acabar con ellos, es secuestrado, atado y sodomizado en el sótano del detective Misumi.

Kosame aparece por primera vez al final del tercer volumen del manga cuando cura a Rina de su coma y se presenta como "una chica mágica de otro sitio de chicas mágicas". Lleva un parche en el ojo izquierdo y a menudo lleva consigo un peluche de cachorro. Su varita es un cortador de chasquido que puede usar para curar a sus amigos cortándose y dejando que la sangre fluya hacia sus bocas o heridas abiertas. Kosame sufre de cáncer terminal y el médico predijo que le quedan seis meses más de vida. Muy deprimida por la declaración, comenzó a practicar la autolesión cortándose la muñeca. Su emblema es la letra Q ubicada en el lado derecho de su cuello. El cabello de Kosame se desvanece de plateado a rosa pálido cuando usa su varita.

Mikari es una heredera de una familia aparentemente rica cuyos padres fueron asesinados por un psicópata en una calle. Es algo altiva y con frecuencia abusa de su mayordomo Yukiji para entretenerse, generalmente con su varita, una escoba que permite volar. Su emblema es la letra V. El cabello de Mikari, que generalmente es lavanda, se desvanece en verde pálido mientras usa su varita. Más tarde es asesinada por un administrador del sitio.

Sayuki es la única hija de un yakuza, que posee una gran habilidad para luchar con espadas y artes marciales. Su varita es una katana que puede cortar y endurecer cualquier cosa desde larga distancia, mientras que su emblema es la letra X. El cabello negro de Sayuki se desvanece en púrpura y la sangre fluye por su uña izquierda mientras usa su varita. Más tarde se revela que fue elegida como la niña mágica, debido a que cuando era una niña pequeña fue secuestrada por miembros de una familia rival yakuza antes de asesinar a sus secuestradores con la varita que recibió. Su madre está actualmente encarcelada por asumir la culpa de las acciones de su hija. Más tarde es asesinada por el administrador del sitio Go.

Una niña transgénero que asiste a la misma escuela que Kosame. Kiyoharu es reconocida como mujer por el sitio de chicas mágicas, por lo que es elegida como una chica mágica. Fue intimidada en su escuela por las personas que se enteraron de su género asignado. Ella ha expresado su absoluto disgusto por sus compañeros de Kosame en privado, y planea vengarse de sus matones solo después de que hayan encontrado la felicidad, solo para poder sentir la satisfacción de "arrojarlos del paraíso al infierno". Su varita toma la forma de un anillo con el poder de conectarse directamente dentro del sistema sensorial de su objetivo para controlar su cuerpo y experimentar sus sentidos de forma remota. Su emblema es la letra S. La sangre fluye de su frente y su cabello rubio se desvanece en rosa púrpura cuando usa su varita.

Asahi es una chica aparentemente popular y atlética que va a una escuela diferente a la del grupo de Kosame, pero recibió su varita del mismo sitio. A menudo se la ve en la ciudad rodeada de muchos hombres. Su varita es un collar que permite una velocidad y fuerza sobrehumanas. Su emblema es la letra H. Mientras usa su varita, su cabello naranja se desvanece en un color magenta. Los antecedentes desafortunados de Asahi que la llevaron a ser elegida como una niña mágica se deben al hecho de que fue víctima de violencia doméstica por parte de su padre, quien la golpeó a ella, a su madre y a sus hermanitos, luego la niña lo mató, y pudo retomar una vida normal junto con su madre y sus hermanos.

Media

Manga
El manga de Mahou Shoujo Site es escrito e ilustrado por Kentarō Satō, fue publicado por primera vez el 11 de julio de 2013 en la Champion Tap! antes de pasarlo a la Weekly Shōnen Champion en septiembre de 2017. Akita Shoten publicó el 16º volumen el 8 de octubre de 2019. Actualmente el manga tiene 16 volúmenes publicados.

Volúmenes
Se han publicado 16 volúmenes hasta octubre de 2019.

Anime
La serie ha sido publicada en la revista Champion Tap! desde julio de 2013 y en la Weekly Shōnen Champion desde 2017. La serie fue transmitida por las cadenas MBS, TBS y BS-TBS.La historia fue dirigida por Tadahito Matsubayashi, Takayo Ikami estuvo a cargo del guion y adaptada a un anime por production doA, se emitió en Japón desde el 6 de abril de 2018 hasta el 22 de junio de 2018 contando con un total de 12 capítulos. La serie también fue transmirida por Amazon Prime VIdeo dentro y fuera de Japón. Su tema de apertura es "Changing Point" interpretado por i☆Ris y su tema de cierre es "Zenzen Tomodachi" interpretado por Haruka Yamazaki. Sentai Filmworks obtuvo la licencia del anime y lo lanzará en formato digital y de video doméstico.

Lista de episodios
A continuación se listan los 12 episodios de la serie.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Series de manga
Anime de 2018
Manga de los años 2010
Sentai Filmworks
Series de manga publicadas por Akita Shoten
Series de anime basadas en manga
Shōnen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Abstract: This paper investigates the quantile behaviour of cointegration between silver and gold prices by employing the quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) model. Our empirical results suggest that the existence of cointegration is mainly due to the tail quantiles outside the interquartile range, revealing quantile-dependent (time-varying) cointegrating coefficients which may result in the absence of cointegration in traditional analysis. The silver price changes are more susceptible to the contemporaneous change of gold than the adjustment from ECM at tail quantiles. In addition, the tail-quantile cointegration also appears to change along with the market states of gold.


As a kick off to the Memorial Day weekend and the Indy 500 Corvette Indy had the opportunity for another beautiful Chevrolet day at the track. Thanks to our sponsor, Penske Chevrolet, and Mike Quinn for getting us many passes. Also a thank you to our president who canvassed local dealers to round up extra passes. As always we got there early and were near the head of the line. Track laps were slower than the caravan over on I-465. Guest speakers at the luncheon included Ron Fellows who is teaching Victor Oladipo how to drive the ZR1 Pace Car, which he got up to 180. We were also treated to a visit from Helio Castroneves. Thanks to Jim Shaver for the pictures and write up.


text:
import { expect } from 'chai';
import createReducer from '../createReducer';

const INIT_ACTION = '@@test/INIT_ACTION';
const ACTION = 'ACTION';

const createNextStateHandler = (nextState) => ({
  [ACTION]: () => nextState,
});

describe('utils', () => {
  describe('createReducer', () => {
    describe('handle number state', () => {
      it('should return initial state when be called first time', () => {
        const initialState = 1;
        const reducer = createReducer(initialState, { [ACTION]: () => {} });
        expect(reducer(undefined, { type: INIT_ACTION })).to.equal(initialState);
      });

      it('should return next state when receive action', () => {
        const initialState = 1;
        const nextState = 2;
        const reducer = createReducer(initialState, createNextStateHandler(nextState));
        const prevState = reducer(undefined, { type: INIT_ACTION });
        expect(reducer(prevState, { type: ACTION })).to.equal(nextState);
      });
    });

    describe('handle object state', () => {
      it('should return initial state when be called first time', () => {
        const initialState = {
          key: 1,
        };
        const reducer = createReducer(initialState, { [ACTION]: () => {} });
        expect(reducer(undefined, { type: INIT_ACTION })).to.equal(initialState);
      });

      it('should return next state when receive action', () => {
        const initialState = {
          key: 1,
        };
        const nextState = {
          key: 2,
        };
        const reducer = createReducer(initialState, createNextStateHandler(nextState));
        const prevState = reducer(undefined, { type: INIT_ACTION });
        expect(reducer(prevState, { type: ACTION })).to.equal(nextState);
      });
    });

    describe('handle array state', () => {
      it('should return initial state when be called first time', () => {
        const initialState = [1, 2, 3, 4];
        const reducer = createReducer(initialState, { [ACTION]: () => {} });
        expect(reducer(undefined, { type: INIT_ACTION })).to.equal(initialState);
      });

      it('should return next state when receive action', () => {
        const initialState = [1, 2, 3, 4];
        const nextState = [5, 6, 7, 8];
        const reducer = createReducer(initialState, createNextStateHandler(nextState));
        const prevState = reducer(undefined, { type: INIT_ACTION });
        expect(reducer(prevState, { type: ACTION })).to.equal(nextState);
      });
    });
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Top5 » Holidays » New Year's Eve » Top 25 New Year's Resolutions – Start Your Resolutions Anytime!
Top 25 New Year's Resolutions – Start Your Resolutions Anytime!
New Year's resolutions don't just have to be for the start of a year. At any point in the year, you can decide to make a positive change to your lifestyle choices. These can range from a new addition to your health regime or perhaps trying something to boost your mental wellbeing.
Check out these 25 New Year's resolutions that you can start today.
Sleep is important to our overall health because it helps our brains function properly. While we are sleeping, our brains recharge to get ready for the next day. Without sleep, we can feel drained, grumpy and unable to operate as normal.
Adults should get between 7-8 hours sleep a night. A good night's sleep can help curb anxiety and make us more alert. The right mattress will help you achieve a quality night's sleep. A good mattress will provide you with the right amount of firmness and comfort to help you drift off to the land of Nod.
Have you ever wanted to earn an income from renting out your home? Becoming an Airbnb host is something that you can start planning for today. First, you need to decide what kind of host you want to be. There are 3 main types of host: the opportunist, the stable income seeker and the full-time entrepreneur. You'll then need to plan your budget for your home rental and how you want the decorating to look. For instance, do you want a homely feel or do you want your home rental to have a hotel-feel about it?
Whether you want to offer an entire home or a room to share, signing up as an Airbnb host is something that can be started at any time. And this is a New Year's resolution that can make you some extra cash.
Saving is a popular New Year's resolution. However, you don't need to wait until the start of a new year to plan your finances. We can't predict the future, so have some money put aside for financial security in case of an emergency.
Also, having a long-term financial goal to see you through retirement is a must. Things like robo-advisory wealth management can help.
We are naturally curious creatures that want to continually expand and grow our knowledge. Learning a new hobby and skill is good for the brain and is a New Year's resolution that can be started at any time.
Why not join a class and take up painting, photography or cooking? Joining a class is a great way to learn something new and meet new people.
Making the change to eat healthier is a goal that can be started right now. The first thing improvement is to make your meals from scratch. Yes, life can be busy, and cooking is easier said than done. A meal delivery service can be your savior and the key to eating healthier. A meal delivery service will send a meal kit directly to your door, so you won't even have to leave the house. Meal delivery services will consider portion and ingredient control and calorie consumption. This will help you do that cleanse you've been thinking about all year.
We touch and handle our phones every day, so you won't be surprised that your phone is covered in germs and bacteria. However, your phone is probably something you don't think about cleaning. Sanitizing your phone is a New Year's resolution that can be started at any time of year.
The PhoneSoap Go is the perfect portable product to get rid of those germs. While the device charges your phone, the device will also clean and sanitize your phone. The PhoneSoap Go eliminates the germs and bacteria on your phone that can make you sick.
This charger and sanitizer can be carried with your everywhere. What more do you need?
If you are starting to become complacent in your current job and you're not feeling happy, maybe it's time for a change. Looking for a new job is always on many New Year's resolution lists, but why wait for the New Year? If you are feeling unappreciated and you're not learning or growing, do something about it today by beginning a new job search.
Resume writing services are out there to help you on your way. A resume service will provide you with one-to-one support to help you get that interview for the job you've always wanted.
We all sometimes find ourselves staring at the screen more than we are living in the here and now. Constantly checking social media, emails and texts can become overwhelming. That's where a digital detox can do you wonders.
By making a digital detox one of your goals, you can take more time out to focus on the physical world and reduces stress. However, if you are addicted to your phone, you may find this detox extremely difficult.
This time lock container will remove temptation by allowing you to take your phone out of the game. You can set the timer and take a step back from social media and our busy lifestyles to focus on the real world.
You should drink at least 6 – 8 glasses of water each day. Drinking water has many benefits, including maintaining bodily fluids, keeping your skin looking good, helping your kidneys and maintaining a normal bowel function.
One way to ensure that you are able to keep hydrated is to invest in a reusable water bottle. By keeping a water bottle with you at all times and making taking sips out of the bottle part of your daily routine, you have a better chance of reaching your goal to drink more water.
Fitness is a great way to keep motivated and get on track to a healthier lifestyle. Fitness is also a great example of a New Year's resolution that can be started at any time. When you sign up for a fitness class, you will be working out alongside others who will encourage you to keep going.
If you are struggling to find the right fitness class near you, apps like the ClassPass can help make the whole process easier. The app allows you to browse fitness classes in your area and access the ratings and reviews so that you can pick the class that best fits you and your needs.
Losing weight is something that many of us struggle with. It's one of those things that you put off planning or convince yourself that you'll start next week. Then when that week comes, you'll put it off to the week after.
A weight loss program can help you with this endless struggle and of lack of motivation. Try Noom, an app-based weight loss program that is like having a nutritionist, personal trainer and health coach all conveniently in one place and accessible with just the touch of a finger.
The morning is arguably the most important part of the day. Your morning routine sets you up for the rest of the day and can even determine your mood. Start the day off right to welcome the day ahead with a spring in your step.
The best morning routine is the one that is tailored to you and your preferences. Prioritize the things that are important to you, like having time to enjoy your morning coffee, brush your teeth correctly or do some morning meditation. By making a few changes to your morning routine, you can start the day feeling positive, driven and less stressed.
Having an organized desk comes with many benefits. For instance, you'll save time looking for paperwork and stationery as it's all organized and ordered. This, in turn, will reduce stress levels, making a more pleasant working environment. Watch how much easier it is to meet your deadlines when you don't have to worry about finding the tools you need to work.
An ideal storage solution for a desk is a desktop organizer. Keep your letters, folders, pens and sticky pads stored neatly away while still being accessible.
Installing a password manager is New Year's resolution that can be implemented at any time of year. Using a password manager is a safety practice recommended by experts to protect all your online information.
Most of us use a weak password or reuse an existing password on multiple accounts. A password manager will generate, store and encrypt a strong password for your accounts, and all you need to remember is just one main password.
Reading will improve your communication and writing skills. Taking time out to read a book will also keep you mentally stimulated, improve your memory and reduce stress.
If you don't have the time to sit and read more books, have you ever thought about listening to an audiobook? Audiobooks allow you to consume more books while you complete other tasks such as cooking, driving and exercising.
There are times where we feel lonely, and the thought of finding someone to share your life can feel like a hopeless search. The search for love is certainly not easy. However, if you put yourself out there, you never know what might happen.
If you haven't already got on board the dating app wagon, there's no better time to start. Go online and connect with like-minded people whether it's just for friendship or romance. Take control of your love life and dive into the dating game.
If you don't have time in your busy schedule to attend a fitness class or workout in the gym, worry not!
You can now become your own personal trainer in the comfort of your own home with an online fitness app. Work out anytime, anywhere with on-demand audio fitness that is guided by a personal trainer.
A dog is man's best friend, a beloved furry member of the family. Dogs share your home with you, and you walk together, play together and share a bond like no other. Why not treat your four-legged friends to their own holiday?
Websites like BringFido list thousands of pet-friendly hotels and home rentals easily in one place. A team of pet travel experts is available at the ready to help you plan that trip you've been promising your pooch for years.
Meditation is a fantastic New Year's resolution due to many benefits. Practicing meditation daily can reduce stress, quiet the mind and help with insomnia.
Your journey to a mindful lifestyle can be taken up at any time by joining a class or taking up a guided online meditation practice. Guided meditation is ideal for those of us who are too busy to attend a class. A teacher will talk you through the meditation practice and how to implement it in your everyday life.
You've been working hard and promising yourself that you'll take a relaxing trip away, but maybe you've never gotten around to doing it. Why? What's stopping you?
A tropical vacation can be booked at any time and is a great way to unwind from the stress of everyday life. Vacations aren't just a luxury; they are essential to help us maintain a well-balanced life.
Having an organized home aids in relaxation. Clutter induces stress and can make you feel overwhelmed. Basically, mess means stress.
By organizing and cleaning your home, you will realize how much of a difference organization can make to your life. In time, you will create your own personal sanctuary to relax in.
Taking time out to focus solely on relaxation plays a major part in improving your health and mental wellbeing. Pampering is the best form of self-care. "Me time' is proven to relax muscles, reduce pain and improve concentration.
You can pamper yourself in many ways. You can do it at home with your latest beauty subscription box or take a trip to the spa.
Skincare health is important because it can help prevent the natural aging process and prevent various skin problems.
The appearance of your skin can be improved by protecting it from the sun, not smoking, eating a healthy diet, keeping hydrated and managing stress levels.
A juice cleanse is a great way to detox while drinking delicious and healthy drinks. Juices can help boost overall health and introduce extra nutrients into the body.
A juice cleanse cleans and detoxes the body, can aid in weight loss, give you more energy and jumpstart your healthier lifestyle.
If you're after a way to document and share your adventures and experiences, consider getting a GoPro. A GoPro is a small, lightweight digital camera that can be taken with you anywhere and even worn on your head, chest or wrist.
The GoPro isn't just for the outdoor adventurer. It can be used by all, and its simplicity, high-quality images and footage make it super easy to capture beautiful footage. Use a GoPro to share fond memories with friends and family and share your experiences.
Have you ever tried any of these New Years Resolutions? Or are you thinking about taking one up? Let us know in the comments or contact us on social media. Just tag @topfivecom and #topfivestartresolutionstoday.


Home → Dynamics 365 Business Central: we are ready! And you?
Dynamics 365 Business Central: we are ready! And you?
Why do we need it? Answer is simple – to provide excellent service for our customers, we always must be on the peak of latest technologies used by them. Still have doubts? Just contact us and ensure yourself!
In case if you missed this epochal event of Spring 2018, we prepared few links to YouTube videos. Watch them and dive into new and awesome product – Dynamics 365 Business Central.


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Barbara Jean King
June 11, 1932 - September 4, 2017
Barbara Jean King, age, 85 of Oskaloosa, formerly of Albia and Bussey, passed away Monday, September 4, 2017, under the care of Northern Mahaska Specialty Care Center. Barbara was born on June 11, 1932, to Samuel and Maudie (Tulk) Barnhill in Knoxville, Iowa. She attended school in Bussey and graduated from Bussey High School with the class of 1950. Barbara married Jr. King on March 3, 1951, in Knoxville. They shared 58 years of marriage and were blessed with three daughters; Vicki, Cindy, and Toni. Barbara was a secretary for the Twin Cedars Elementary School for 24 years, before retiring in 1992. She was a member of the Bussey United Methodist Church. Barbara had many hobbies. In her younger years, she enjoyed riding motorcycles with her husband. She was a member of the Flying Farmers and enjoyed flying with Jr. She was also a member of the Motor Iowa Club and she and Jr. traveled the state with their antique cars. They enjoyed traveling and she and Jr. wintered in Mission, Texas for 20+ years. She loved sewing, quilting, painting, and doing crafts. She enjoyed being outdoors, doing things such as gardening and camping. She and Jr. camped at the Iowa State Fair for many years. Barbara embraced the holiday times, for which she loved to decorate and dress up in holiday attire. She also loved to cook and above all, enjoyed spending time with her family and friends, especially her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Barbara is survived by her three daughters, Vicki and Terry Pettyjohn of Oskaloosa, Cindy and Randy Clark of Bussey, and Toni and Kevin Walter of Albia; five grandchildren, Amie (Jim) Koffman, Austin (Jessica) Clark, Amanda (Adam) Rozenboom, J.D. (Natalie) Reed, and Christi (Todd) Westercamp; eleven great grandchildren, Jayce, Courteney, Cayel, Jaylea, Carter, Jaden, Lily, Ruby, Shelby, Sayler, Simon, and two great-grandchildren on the way. Barbara is also survived by 2 sisters, Sabra and Carol; and many nieces, nephews, cousins, and good friends. Barbara is preceded in death by her husband, Jr. King; a great-granddaughter, Parker Westercamp; her parents, Samuel and Maudie; 3 brothers; and 4 sisters. Funeral services will be held at 10:30 a.m., Thursday, September 7, 2017, at the Bussey United Methodist Church in Bussey. Burial will follow the service at Greenlawn Cemetery in Bussey. Visitation will begin at 4:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. on Wednesday, September 6, 2017, at the Tharp Funeral Home in Albia, with Barbara's family present from 6:00 p.m.-8:00 p.m. to greet family and friends. A memorial has been established to Serenity House in Oskaloosa.
Barbara Jean King, age, 85 of Oskaloosa, formerly of Albia and Bussey, passed away Monday, September 4, 2017, under the care of Northern Mahaska Specialty Care Center. Barbara was born on June 11, 1932, to Samuel and Maudie (Tulk) Barnhill... View Obituary & Service Information
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lolly Pluck loves to fire up her graphic-design griddle and serve up original, lip-smacking images for posters, print ads, t-shirt designs, buttons, and digital media.
She's fast, professional and easy to work with. Along with her design skills, she knows how to draw out your ideas to incorporate your vision into projects you'll be proud of.
Let's get cooking! email lollypluck (at) gmail (dot) com.
Lolly Pluck designed for The Trent Film Society for over 10 years, incorporating heady intellectual concepts into eye-catching posters (& providing many a student with free art work for their dorms).
Have a visit with "The Ladies of Leisure" portrait series. These gals are gracing the walls of better homes and hospitals (PRHC —The Fine Art of Health 2013-14).
Logos, posters, flyers and social media images galore!
Public Energy, Max's Cabarets, Beau Dixon/Firebrand, The Peterborough Public Library, Ode'min Giizis Festival, Rob Phillips, Catalina's Barbeside, Trent Radio, buttons and Hoagy's How-To electronic book covers are some of the locals Lolly works with to brighten the poles, walls and lapels of Peterborough.


Home ⁄ Blog ⁄ Uncategorized ⁄ What is Color Theory and Why is it Important for My Business?
Some would argue the most important part to any business is your audience. To whom are you delivering the message to? What emotion are you trying to create? In our previous blog, we mentioned 3 Reasons Why Design Is Important to your Brand and how it can strengthen your business. Here we'll discuss more in-depth on color and how that connects back to marketing, branding, and business.
Whenever the discussion of good design comes up so does the topic of color theory. Color theory is a collection of guidelines used in your art, aesthetic and design. It helps dictate how to use color to symbolize and express what you're trying to get across. Color helps create meanings, ideas, messages, and emotions. As we explained in our previous blog post, your customer relationship could start with great design and color selection.
To see how some colors affect your emotions try looking at the symbolism for warm and cool colors. Warm colors tend to create a feeling of excitement, passion or even anger. Moreover, it could cause you to feel a great sense of optimism or high energy to extreme violence. Warm colors include red, yellow, orange, gold, pink, black and brown. Yet, when it comes to cool colors you get the opposite effect. Cool colors are blue, green, turquoise, gray and white. Cool colors create a calming and nurturing effect or a cold and distant effect on your audience. In a design, cool colors shrink when placed next to a warm color such as red and orange. While warm colors tend to overpower, cool colors will almost recede within the page or design.
Consider what message you're trying to interpret to your audience. Are you trying to invoke an appetite? Try the color red or yellow! Are you trying to invoke strength and exercising? Try the color yellow or orange! What about the feeling of trust and security? Try the color blue or green! When you create your website or brand, it all starts with color theory and what meanings each color holds. Be aware of your audience and consider their cultural differences. It's important to consider the brand and personality of your company. Make sure what you're trying to sell is being interpreted through your design and color scheme.
The colors you decide on for your website, brand or business should not be a quick decision. Deciding what message and emotion you want to portray should take time and a lot of thinking. Considering reaching out to a professional for advice on where to start. It can help you create the perfect eye-catching design and give you the opportunity to influence your audience.


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BFI London Film Festival, Reviews
Breathe – Review
Andy Serkis has been an undeniable talent in the British film industry, and has swept up Hollywood in his on-screen presence. Especially when it is digitally altered with computerised faux fur or alien like tendencies. He is the go-to motion capture man who has developed incredible characters such as War for the Planet of the Apes' Caesar, the mighty King Kong, and most famously Gollum from Lord of the RIngs. He has also appeared in flesh, brightening our screens in movies like Wild Bill, the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and, unashamedly, 13 Going on 30.
Going behind the scenes for his directorial feature debut Breathe, Serkis proves that he has just as fantastic when conducting an incredible real-life drama.
Starring Andrew Garfield and Claire Foy, Breathe revolves around Robin Cavendish, a young man who is stricken by the deadly polio disease and is only given three months to live. Becoming disabled, paralysed from the neck down at 28, Cavendish and his supporting wife Diana travel across the globe in order to help others like him affected by polio as he defies his prognosis and the doctors.
Based on film producer Jonathon Cavendish's life and own father, Breathe is a marvellous and inspiring tale of a man defying odds. Though it meets pretty much every cliche of a "period affliction drama," or even recent BFI London Film Festival openers, Breathe is impossibly charming and directed with astuteness. Serkis has crafted a caring piece of cinema that is a palatable movie about illness and it's impacts. Travelling over the globe, Serkis drenches the movie in glorious scenery. Whether it is the emerald shimmers of English Countryside or the amber sunsets across the Narobi desert, this quaint and lush work may be soundly structured but is vibrantly shot.
Plum voiced and extremely upper-class, Andrew Garfield and Claire Foy make admirable leads, even with some shaky ageing make-up in their later years. As Robin, Andrew Garfield is maddeningly compelling. Maddeningly because he simply has to smile a lopsided goofy grin and he radiates the character. Layered under this positivity are years of struggle with polio and whilst there is a lot of tea, crumpets, and stiff upper-lips, there is also a lot of anguish. Resolute and rambunctious, Garfield puts in an almighty performance. Opposite him is The Crown's Claire Foy who is terrific in her role as Diana. Much like Tatiana Maslany in Stronger, Diana is the rock that pushes her husband into survival, pulling him from deep depression, and adhering to his crazed notions that help him escape the confines of his bed. Though Robin is, indeed, an incredible man who a spirit, adventure, and will-power to strife not just for himself, but for others like him Foy is incredibly astute at allowing Diana resolve as well as emotion.
The message throughout the film is that disability does not mean a worthless life (although, this is arguably contradictory by casting an able bodied man in the lead role.) We should do more to better not just accept, but to be more empathetic and strife for the betterment of those with disabilities. Breathe is about determination and love, and happiness in the face of adversity.
It may be twee but it certainly breathes with excellence.
Breathe is out on DVD & Blu-Ray now!
February 25, 2018 February 25, 2018 Cookie N ScreenBreathe, Featured
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Orlando Solar Bears squander lead, throw off home opener
Courtesy of Orlando Solar Bears
By Mike Gramajo / [email protected]
ORLANDO — It's back to business at the Amway Center for the Solar Bears.
The Orlando Solar Bears squandered their 2-0 lead, falling 4-2 against the Florida Everblades on Saturday night in their home opener, in front of 8,849 fans.
"We did some grade A mistakes. Giving away the puck and not being ready in the face-off and it's game over," head coach Vince Williams said after the game. "There's a lot of work to do. We got some young guys in the lineup, and it's a big change."
A strong third period from the Everblades formulated into them scoring four unanswered goals, two of which were scored by Matthew Pistilli. The Montreal native tied the game 2:15 into the third period, only 27 seconds later Brandon MacLean was able to convert the game winner when his shot from outer range beat Solar Bears goaltender Christopher Gibson.
"We have to look at why we aren't creating much offensively," added Williams. "We got to be a little bit better, create shots. These mistakes cost us points, costs us games, but we have to be better.
"The guys were excited, came up with energy, but we need to learn not sit back and observe. They're (Florida Everblades) are a good hockey team. We were never comfortable, we just put ourselves in a situation. We got to learn to win, but we also have to learn to lose to be a successful team."
Despite starting the first period lacking offense power, the Solar Bears were able to find their rhythm toward the latter part of the period. Zach Harrison was able to open up the scoring at 8:19 in the first period when he blasted a shot that hit the top right corner.
Cody Wild's goal 1:46 in the second period doubled the lead for the Solar Bears, but evidently their failure to execute on the power play, 11-consecutive of which did not create any goals, cost Vince Williams' men to falter their lead.
The Solar Bears are back at home on Saturday, Oct. 26, when they host the Gwinnett Gladiators at the Amway Center.
By Mike Gramajo / [email protected], Author


Ms. Wang Xiao Bin is Chief Financial Officer, Company Secretary, Executive Director of China Resources Power Holdings Company Ltd. Prior to joining the Company in July 2003, Ms. Wang was a director of corporate finance of ING Investment Banking, responsible for execution of capital markets and merger and acquisition transactions in the Asia Pacific region. She worked for Pricewaterhouse in Australia in the audit and business advisory division for five years before joining ING Barings. Ms. Wang is also an independent non-executive director of WorleyParsons Limited, a company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Ms . Wangis a member of the Australian Society of Certified Practising Accountants and holds a graduate diploma in Applied F inance and Investment from the Securities Institute of Australia and a Bachelor's degree in Commerce from Murdoch University in Australia.


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Q: Equivalent of macro EVT_SCROLLWIN and EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS when using dynamic event table instead of static one I am learning wxWidgets and i came across the following example that uses static event table:
EVT_SCROLLWIN(VScrollWindow::OnScroll)
EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS(VScrollWindow::OnMouse)

Now I want use dynamic event table using Bind but I could not find any macro corresponding the EVT_SCROLLWIN and EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS that can be used inside Bind. I also searched in the documentation page but there also it is written only that:

EVT_SCROLLWIN(func):
Process all scroll events.

As we can see the above doesn't specify something like wxEVT_SCROLLWIN.
This is what I have tried:
Bind(/*what should come here*/, VScrollWindow::OnScroll, this);
Bind(/*what should come here*/, VScrollWindow::OnMouse, this);

My question is what should come in the comment part in the above snippet. Basically I want to have the same effect using Bind as was done using static event table.

A: EVT_SCROLLWIN and EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS are special event macros that handle all mouse or scroll events.  The idea was that in the handler method, you would check for all the event types you were interested in and handle them in sub-blocks.
if ( ev.GetEventType() != wxEVT_MOTION )
{
...
}
else if ( ev.GetEventType() != wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN )
{...

There are no equivalent for those macros when using Bind. The only option is to bind handlers for the individual event types separately. For example:
Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN, VScrollWindow::OnMouseLeftDown, this);
Bind(wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_THUMBTRACK, VScrollWindow::OnThumb, this);
...

It might seem like more work, but really you're just moving control flow for event handling from one long event handler to a series of Bind calls.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This item is for the purchase of a digital scan of a spirit painting and a reading interpreting the painting. I will provide the scanned image of your painting and a private youtube link to a video explaining the messages I received and any interpretation I can provide.
In the notes section on checkout, please let me know the gender you identify with. I use generic female, male, and neutral body forms when drawing an aura and would like to use the one you identify with.
If you wish to have your picture sent to you, please select the option from the store. There is a $5 shipping charge.
Message from the Universe Tarot Spread.This tarot reading asks what you need to know right now. I pull three cards and interpret them for you, seeing how the cards read individually and together. I will send you a private youtube link to your reading, which you will be able to access for any time after the link is sent.
Once purchased, I will contact you about setting up a time for a distance healing session. The session lasts approximately 20 minutes, though it can last a little longer if spirit calls. At the end of the session, I'll create a short video and provide you with the youtube link. In the video I'll discuss what I did and what I noticed energetically from your session.
This is only available for those who have purchased a spirit painting. This option adds on shipping for your spirit painting so you have the physical painting, in addition to the digital scan and reading.
Want an in person reading?
I also schedule readings in person, at shows, and for parties. Want more info? Shoot me an email and let's start chatting. All in person readings and parties must be within reasonable driving distance from the Twin Cities. Parties have a slightly larger radius of travel, though travel fees will be included.


This Gym is at the north end of the landing strip in Mistralton City. Within you can use cannons to get around the maze-like hangar. Be sure to pick up your Fresh Water at the door. Rock, Electric and Ice Type attacks work well on the Flying Type Pokemon in this Gym.
Enter the first cannon ahead of you as you walk in.
Walk west when you land and use the nearby cannon to fire yourself to the east. Fight Worker Cliff.
Go up the stairs and fight Worker Brady. Take the cannon to the south of Brady across to the west side.
Fight Pilot Ted and take the cannon next to him to the NORTH. It can fire you two ways, so be sure to enter the south side of it to be fired NORTH.
Get in the cannon nearby to be fired east. Fight Pilot Chase. Get back in the same cannon to get fired back WEST.
Head up the stairs to the north and fight Arnold. Take the green platform cannons through the hoops on the ceiling around the perimeter of the level. This will take you to the Gym Leader.
Skyla uses a Level 33 Swoobat, a Level 33 Unfezant and a Level 35 Swanna. A good Electric-type Pokemon (Zebstrika!) will tear these Pokemon apart. TMs like Volt Switch and Rock Slide that you have may be able to make other Pokemon useful, but an Electric Type at about Level 35 makes this battle super easy. Stoutland also has great Defence and can be taught Thunder Fang and Ice Fang at the Move Tutor's, and learns Crunch at an early level.
For defeating Skyla you'll get the Jet Badge and TM62 Acrobatics. Get in the cannon behind her to exit the Gym. N will confront you outside.
Return to Route 7 and take the northeastern exit to get to Twist Mountain.


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Contact information from the registration forms is used to process affiliation requests, ship purchases, or provide requested information about our company. This contact data is never shared nor sold to others.
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Home In the News Marlins' center fielder hits one out of the park for youth
Marlins' center fielder hits one out of the park for youth
By Jeffery D. Zbar
Sun-Sentinel, Your Business
Preston Wilson wants to drive a few runs home for the kids. So the Florida Marlins center fielder is launching a marketing campaign, backed by his charity, to raise funds for South Florida organizations that benefit regional youth.
''Preston's Pals'' centers on Wilson's spot as the Marlin's top performer in the runs batted in category with 121 driven home last year. For every RBI Wilson chalks up this year, sponsors of his charity will donate money to the campaign. The goal is to raise $100,000 for three local philanthropies.
Preston's Pals was started by Wilson and Coral Gables sports marketing firm, Sports & Sponsorships.
The next step is to sign a presenting sponsor and many supporting sponsors to the effort, said Scott Becher, president of Sports & Sponsorships, which is Wilson's exclusive representative handling all off-the-field initiatives, appearances and endorsements.
The presenting sponsor will be asked to commit $50,000 and will benefit from newspaper ad placements, in-stadium signage and other promotional mentions, Becher said.
They also will have access to Wilson for product endorsements, appearances, autographed merchandise and Preston Wilson-themed promotions, he said.
For a team lobbying to find a home and build its fan base, Wilson can be an anchor. Aside from his 121 RBI, Wilson became the 23rd player in MLB history to hit 30 home runs and steal 30 bases in one season, Becher said.
He was the Sporting News National League Rookie of the Year in 1999.
''He has star written all over him from personality to performance,'' Becher said.
''This season, I'm swinging for the fences, and for our kids, too,'' reads one of the print ads scheduled to have its debut this month in support of the effort. Another reads, ''Yo New York. Have dinner ready because I may bring a few friends home.'' In-stadium signs will carry the same theme.
The ads were created pro bono by Miami ad shop Beber Silverstein & Partners. The program's finances and logistics are being coordinated by the Florida Marlins Community Foundation. Wilson also is personally sponsoring the ''Preston's Pals'' section in right center field near where he plays. Wilson will bus in upward of 50 underprivileged kids to all 13 Saturday games and provide seats, food and T-shirts.
''The goal...was to allow Preston's personality to come through very dramatically,'' Becher said.
Jeffery D. Zbar is a freelance writer. He can be reached at jeff@goinsoho.com.
Sports & Sponsorships is a full service sports marketing agency with services including marketing planning, sponsorship evaluation, event strategy, licensing, merchandising, market research, strategic planning, athlete endorsements, celebrity appearances, athlete representation, and sponsorship strategy.


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Education| November 2000
Reevaluation of Rectal Ketamine Premedication in Children: Comparison with Rectal Midazolam
Makoto Tanaka, M.D.;
Makoto Tanaka, M.D.
*Associate Professor.
Masayoshi Sato, M.D.;
Masayoshi Sato, M.D.
†Resident.
Atsushi Saito, M.D.;
Atsushi Saito, M.D.
Toshiaki Nishikawa, M.D.
‡Professor and Chairman.
Anesthesiology November 2000, Vol. 93, 1217–1224.
Makoto Tanaka, Masayoshi Sato, Atsushi Saito, Toshiaki Nishikawa; Reevaluation of Rectal Ketamine Premedication in Children: Comparison with Rectal Midazolam. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:1217–1224 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200011000-00014
Results of previous studies of rectal ketamine as a pediatric premedication are clouded because of lack of dose-response relation, inappropriate time of assessing sedative effects, and previous administration or coadministration of benzodiazepines. Therefore, the authors reevaluated the efficacy of rectally administered ketamine in comparison with 1 mg/kg rectal midazolam.
Sixty-six infants and children (age, 7-61 months) who were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and who were undergoing minor surgeries as in-patients were randomized to receive 5 mg/kg ketamine (n = 16), 7 mg/kg ketamine (n = 16), 10 mg/kg ketamine (n = 17), or 1 mg/kg midazolam (n = 17) via rectum. A blinded observer scored sedation 45 min and 15 min after administration of ketamine and midazolam, respectively, when children were separated from parent(s) for inhalational induction. All children underwent standardized general anesthesia with sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen with endotracheal intubation. Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxyhemoglobin saturation were determined before, during, and after anesthesia. Postoperative recovery characteristics and incidence of adverse reactions were also assessed.
Most children (88%) who received rectally 10 mg/kg ketamine or 1 mg/kg midazolam separated easily from their parents compared with those (31%) who received 7 or 5 mg/kg rectal ketamine (P < 0.05). Similarly, more children who received 10 mg/kg ketamine or 1 mg/kg midazolam underwent mask induction without struggling or crying compared with those who received 7 or 5 mg/kg ketamine (P < 0.05). There were no clinically significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxyhemoglobin saturation after administration of either drug. Immediately after surgery, more children receiving midazolam or 5 mg/kg ketamine were agitated compared with 7 or 10 mg/kg ketamine. Ketamine, 7 and 10 mg/kg, provided postoperative analgesia, but the largest dose of ketamine was associated with delayed emergence from general anesthesia.
The results indicate that rectally administered ketamine alone produces dose-dependent sedative effects in children, when evaluated at its predicted peak plasma concentration. Ketamine, 10 mg/kg, has a delayed onset but is as effective as 1 mg/kg midazolam for sedating healthy children before general anesthesia. However, 10 mg/kg rectal ketamine is not recommended for brief surgeries because of prolonged postoperative sedation.
child, ketamine, midazolam, premedication
INHALATION induction may be a stormy procedure in children. 1In addition, painful and frightening experiences may cause long-term psychologic complications and make subsequent contacts with health professionals more difficult. 2As a result, a variety of premedications administered via various routes have been introduced, 3–14among which rectal administrations of midazolam and ketamine have been performed with no reported late sequelae, but with varying degrees of success. 3–6,9–14
Ketamine has well-characterized sedative, anesthetic, and analgesic properties. 15It also has advantages over other sedative–anesthetic drugs, because it stimulates the cardiovascular system, is usually associated with an unobstructed airway and upper airway reflexes, and causes minimum respiratory depression. 15On the other hand, oral 16,17and intramuscular 18ketamine in children has been associated with increased airway secretions, increased incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting, and emergence reactions, including delirium, dysphoria, nightmares, and hallucinations. Furthermore, recovery from ketamine may be prolonged. 10,19Early clinical trials with rectal ketamine in children yielded controversial results. 9–14Satisfactory preoperative sedation and postoperative adverse effects have been reported after rectal administration of 8–10 mg/kg ketamine. 9–11However, these studies were confounded by prior or coadministration of diazepam 9,10or midazolam. 11In other studies, sedative effects of rectal ketamine were found to be either unacceptable or inferior to rectally administered midazolam. 12,14However, in these studies a single dose of ketamine was evaluated or compared with rectal midazolam, 14and does-related effects of rectal ketamine were not assessed. More importantly, evaluations of sedative effects were made 15 or 20 min after rectal ketamine administrations, 12,14despite the fact that the peak plasma level of ketamine is attained 40–45 min after administration. 10,12
This randomized, double-blind, dose–response study was designed to test the hypothesis that rectally administered ketamine would produce sedative effects comparable to that produced by rectally administered midazolam when evaluated at its predicted peak plasma concentration. In addition, hemodynamic changes after various doses of rectally administered ketamine were compared with rectally administered midazolam before, during, and immediately after anesthesia, and incidence of postoperative adverse effects and recovery characteristics were examined in healthy infants and children undergoing minor surgical procedures.
After obtaining institutional review board approval and informed parental consent, we studied 66 infants and children aged 7–61 months with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I who were undergoing minor surgeries for inguinal hernia, undescended testis, hydrocele, and hypospadias with general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria were symptoms of upper airway tract infection within the last 2 weeks, gastrointestinal tract disorders, and history of general anesthesia. No patients were taking medication within the last 2 weeks before surgery. All patients were allowed food ad libitum 8 h before surgery, and a maximum of 10 ml/kg clear liquid 4 h before the anticipated time of general anesthesia induction. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups according to computer-generated random numbers: the midazolam group (n = 17) received 1 mg/kg midazolam; the ketamine-5 group received 5 mg/kg ketamine (n = 16); the ketamine-7 group received 7 mg/kg ketamine (n = 16); and the ketamine-10 group received 10 mg/kg ketamine (n = 17). All drugs were administered rectally through a 12-French suction catheter lubricated with 2% sterile lidocaine jelly with its tip 3–4 cm proximal to the anal sphincter. A few milliliters of air were then injected through the catheter before its withdrawal. The buttocks were tightly apposed for 5 min to avoid loss of the drug. These procedures were performed in the preinduction area by attending anesthesiologists in charge of the case, and always in the presence of the child's parent(s). The concentration of midazolam was 5 mg/ml, and that of ketamine was 50 mg/ml in all children. Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (Spo2) were measured before drug administration and immediately before separation from parents. None of the patients received previous cleansing enemas.
A blinded investigator (Dr. Tanaka) who was unaware of the drug, the time of administration, and the dose, observed children at separation from parent(s) (15 min after midazolam and 45 min after ketamine) and graded them as follows: (1) asleep; (2) calm but awake; (3) restless; or (4) agitated, crying, or upset. These observations were repeated by the same investigator when an anesthetic mask was applied and were similarly graded as: (1) asleep; (2) calm but awake and apprehensive; (3) awake and struggling; or (4) agitated or crying with restraint required.
Anesthetic technique was standardized. After standard monitors were applied, including an automated blood pressure (BP) cuff, electrocardiography, a pulse oximeter, and precordial stethoscope, general anesthesia was induced in all patients with sevoflurane and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. A Jackson-Rees circuit was used with a fresh gas flow approximately three times the minute ventilation for children weighing less than 15 kg, or a semiclosed circle system was used with a fresh gas flow 6 l/min for children weighing more than or equal to 15 kg throughout the study. The concentration of sevoflurane was gradually increased by 0.5% every 4–5 breaths. When the patient was asleep, a forearm peripheral vein was cannulated, and lactated Ringer's solution containing 2% dextrose was started. Ventilation was first assisted and then controlled to obtain end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions between 30 and 35 mmHg thereafter. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained at 2% in 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen throughout anesthesia and surgery. When hemodynamic variables were stable and at least 10 min had elapsed after anesthetic induction, 0.01 mg/kg atropine and 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium were administered intravenously in all patients. Another 5 min was allowed to obtain a baseline SBP and HR measurement before the patient's trachea was intubated. The complications of mask induction and endotracheal intubation were noted, including laryngospasm, arterial oxygen saturation less than 90%, and vomiting. Extent of salivation was assessed by the same blinded observer and graded as follows: (1) dry; (2) wet but suctioning not required; or (3) wet and suctioning required during mask ventilation or before endotracheal intubation. At the completion of surgery, residual muscle relaxant was antagonized with 0.02 mg/kg atropine and 0.05 mg/kg neostigmine administered intravenously, and sevoflurane and nitrous oxide were discontinued. The patient's trachea was extubated after confirming spontaneous respiration, sustained muscle contracture for 5 s to tetanus stimulus at 50 Hz to the ulnar nerve, and spontaneous eye-opening or purposeful muscular movements of upper extremities. Time from the discontinuance of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide until extubation was noted. SBP, DBP, HR, and Spo2were measured after induction, after atropine administration, after endotracheal intubation, at 5-min intervals throughout the surgery, and 5 min after tracheal extubation. Coefficient of variation (SD/mean) for SBP, DBP, and HR was determined using data obtained at 5-min intervals during surgery.
All children were admitted to our hospital for 24 h unless complications required a longer hospital stay. They were transported from the operating room with their parent(s) directly to the pediatric postanesthesia recovery room on the ward, where they were closely observed by two blinded observers who had 12 and 19 yr of clinical experience in pediatric surgery. Emergence reactions, such as agitation, delirium, dysphoria, and any adverse events, including nausea and vomiting, were noted. The rate of recovery was evaluated using a modified Aldrete score and a modified pain–discomfort scale (table 1). 20,21In addition, time to emergence (spontaneous eye opening without stimulus), time to interaction (responding to comforting by parents), time to full points on the modified Aldrete score, and time to drinking fluids were noted. If the sum on the pain–discomfort scale at any evaluation period was greater than 3, the child was considered to suffer from pain, and acetaminophen suppository (50 mg ≤ 1 yr, 1 yr < 75 mg ≤ 3 yr, 3 yr < 100 mg ≤ 6 yr) was given. If pain relief was inadequate within the next 30 min, pentazocine 0.5 mg/kg was given intravenously as a rescue analgesic. For the purpose of statistical analysis, time to the first analgesic was considered to be 24 h if no analgesic was required within the first 24 h after surgery. Children aged more than or equal to 2.5 yr were specifically questioned about the presence of pain. Approximately 24 h after children returned to the ward, all parents, who accompanied their child overnight after surgery, were interviewed by a blinded observer (Dr. Tanaka) to evaluate their overall satisfaction in anesthetic management, which was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor. In addition, they were questioned about the general well-being of the child, presence of nightmares, and any behavioral change. Children aged more than or equal to 2.5 yr were specifically questioned about whether they recalled any intraoperative event.
Table 1. The Modified Aldrete Score and the Pain/Discomfort Scale
All values are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance to compare demographic variables and hemodynamic data among groups. When a significant difference was identified, it was followed by an unpaired Student t test with Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple comparisons. Time to first analgesic and number of analgesic requirements within the first 24 h were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. Intergroup differences in categoric demographic data, the level of sedation, extent of salivation, analgesic requirement, incidence of adverse effects, and parent's satisfaction were also compared using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Changes in hemodynamic and oxyhemoglobin saturation over time were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, followed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Correlation between the degree of sedation and the extent of salivation was assessed by the Spearman correlation coefficient by rank. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
There were no significant differences among the four groups in terms of age, gender distribution, weight, height, duration of surgery and anesthesia, and time from discontinuance of anesthetics until tracheal extubation (table 2). In addition, no significant difference was seen with respect to BP, HR, and Spo2before premedication among groups (table 3). SBP decreased significantly after rectally administered midazolam and was significantly less than those of the ketamine groups, whereas DBP, HR, and Spo2remained unchanged. On the other hand, 10 mg/kg rectal ketamine, but not 7 or 5 mg/kg, increased HR significantly (table 3). No patients developed Spo2less than 97% on room air.
Table 2. Patients' Demographic, Surgical, and Anesthetic Data
Values are mean ± SD, or number of patients. No significant differences between groups.
Table 3. Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Oxyhemoglobin Saturation before and 15 min after Rectal Midazolam and 45 min after Rectal Ketamine Administration
Values are mean ± SD.
*P < 0.05 versus the midazolam group.
†P < 0.05 versus before premedication.
SBP = systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP = diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); HR = heart rate (beats/min), Spo2= oxyhemoglobin saturation (%).
At separation from parent(s), significantly greater proportions of children in the midazolam and ketamine-10 groups were classified as being "asleep" and "calm but awake" than in the ketamine-7 and -5 groups (fig. 1). Although two children in the midazolam and ketamine-10 groups were either restless, agitated, crying, or upset at the time of separation, none required restraint when an anesthetic mask was applied for inhalational induction (figs. 1 and 2). On the other hand, 12 children (75%) in the ketamine-5 group required restraint, and smooth induction was accomplished in only 4 (25%;fig. 2). During mask ventilation, a significantly greater proportion of children in the ketamine-5 group were classified as "wet" compared with the ketamine-10 group (fig. 3). Significant negative correlation was observed between the degree of salivation versus the degree of sedation at induction (P = 0.027) but not versus the ketamine dose.
Fig. 1. Percentage of patients in each sedation category at separation from parent(s). Midazolam group = 1 mg/kg midazolam; ketamine-10 = 10 mg/kg ketamine; ketamine-7 = 7 mg/kg ketamine; ketamine-5 = 5 mg/kg ketamine. Patients in the midazolam group were assessed at 15 min and those in the ketamine groups at 45 min after rectal administration. Open bar = asleep; hatched bar = calm but awake; stippled bar = restless; solid bar = agitated, crying, or upset. *P < 0.05 versus the ketamine-7 and -5 groups.
Fig. 2. Percentage of patients in each sedation category at induction of general anesthesia. Midazolam group = 1 mg/kg midazolam; ketamine-10 = 10 mg/kg ketamine; ketamine-7 = 7 mg/kg ketamine; ketamine-5 = 5 mg/kg ketamine. Patients in the midazolam group were assessed at 15 min and those in the ketamine groups at 45 min after rectal adminstration. Open bar = asleep; hatched bar = calm but awake and apprehensive; stippled bar = awake and struggling; solid bar = agitated or crying with restraint required. *P < 0.05 versus the ketamine-7 and -5 groups; †P < 0.05 versus the ketamine-5 group.
Fig. 3. Incidence (percentage) and severity of salivation of children in each group during mask ventilation or before endotracheal intubation. Midazolam group = 1 mg/kg midazolam; ketamine-10 = 10 mg/kg ketamine; ketamine-7 = 7 mg/kg ketamine; ketamine-5 = 5 mg/kg ketamine. Open bar = dry; hatched bar = wet but suctioning not required; solid bar = wet and suctioning required during mask ventilation or before endotracheal intubation. *P < 0.05 versus the ketamine-10 group.
After the induction of anesthesia, there were no significant differences in terms of SBP, DBP, HR, and Spo2among groups (table 4). Significant increases in BP and HR were observed after intravenous atropine in all groups but ketamine-5. SBP, DBP, and HR significantly increased after endotracheal intubation in the midazolam and ketamine-5 groups but were unchanged in the ketamine-10 group (table 4). During surgery and after tracheal extubation, there were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, HR, Spo2, and coefficient of variation for these vital signs among the four groups (table 4).
Table 4. Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Oxyhemoglobin Saturation during and after Surgery, and Intraoperative Coefficient of Variations
*P < 0.05 versus before atropine.
†P < 0.05 versus after atropine.
SBP = systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP = diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); HR = heart rate (beats/min), Spo2= oxyhemoglobin saturation (%); CV = coefficient of variation (%).
One patient in the midazolam group aspirated stomach contents immediately after induction of anesthesia. This child did not require antibiotics and recovered 3 days postoperatively. One patient in the ketamine-10 group developed retching 20 min after rectal administration, but it was not accompanied by hypotension or hypoxemia. One patient in the ketamine-7 group developed laryngospasm after induction. Postoperatively, time to emergence in the ketamine-10 and -7 groups were significantly prolonged compared with the ketamine-5 group, and time to full points on the modified Aldrete score in the ketamine-10 group was significantly longer than any other group (table 5). However, number of analgesics and proportions of children requiring analgesic in the ketamine-10 and -7 groups were significantly less than those in the midazolam and ketamine-5 groups (table 5). Immediately after surgery, 4 (24%) and 3 (19%) patients in the midazolam and ketamine-5 groups, respectively, and none in the ketamine-10 and -7 groups were severely agitated (P < 0.05). All of these children developed a pain–discomfort scale score greater than 4 and received the first dose of analgesic. One in the ketamine-10 group developed delirium 30 min after receiving pentazocine as a rescue analgesic. Mild dysphoria was noted in one patient in each of the ketamine-7 and -5 groups within 6 h after surgery. Nightmare, hallucination, and recall of intraoperative events were not noted. Nausea or vomiting occurred in 4 (24%), 2 (12%), 2 (13%), and 5 (31%) patients in the midazolam and ketamine-10, -7, and -5 groups, respectively. Except for agitation, there were no significant differences in the incidence of any of these adverse effects among groups. Through the postoperative interview, parent(s) reported lethargy on the day of surgery in one child of the midazolam group and appetite loss in one in the ketamine-5 group. However, 88% or 89% of parents in each group graded overall anesthetic management as either excellent or good.
Table 5. Recovery Time from Anesthesia and Analgesic Profile
Values are mean ± SD or number.
*P < 0.05 versus the ketamine-5 group.
†P < 0.05 versus the midazolam, and ketamine-7, and -5 groups.
‡P < 0.05 versus the midazolam and ketamine-5 groups.
The major finding of our study is that rectal ketamine as a sole agent produces a dose-related sedative effects when assessed at its predicted peak plasma levels. Rectal ketamine, 10 mg/kg, reliably eases separation from parent(s) and facilitates a smooth, struggle-free inhalational induction of anesthesia in a manner comparable to that of 1 mg/kg rectal midazolam, which was reported to produce the maximum sedative effect. BP after rectal ketamine administration was well maintained, and an increase in HR after 10 mg/kg ketamine was of a clinically acceptable level. In addition, airway complications were uncommon in most children. These results indicate that rectally administered 10 mg/kg ketamine, but not 5 or 7 mg/kg, is a clinically useful tool in the anesthetic management of healthy infants and children. However, whether a larger dose of rectally administered ketamine may reliably produce sedation in a larger proportion of children remains to be determined in future studies.
Our results are in clear contrast with a previous trial, in which an acceptable level of sedation was not obtained in any pediatric patient 20 min after rectal administration of 10 mg/kg ketamine. 12Similarly, another study showed that significantly more children receiving 3 mg/kg rectal ketamine struggled or cried at separation from parents and during intravenous catheter placement than those receiving 0.5 mg/kg rectal midazolam. 14In the latter study, clinical effects were also assessed 10–15 min after rectal midazolam or ketamine administration. However, peak plasma concentration after rectal ketamine is attained at 40–45 min, 10,12whereas that of rectal midazolam occurs at 12–16 min. 4,6Therefore, inadequate level of sedation in previous trials is considered to be caused, at least in part, by inadequate time elapsed and, hence, insufficient plasma concentration of ketamine achieved at the time of clinical assessment. On the other hand, results of other studies demonstrating adequate sedation after rectal ketamine are flawed with previous administrations of 0.2 mg/kg intramuscular diazepam, 90.5 mg/kg rectal diazepam, 10or coadministration of 0.2 mg/kg rectal midazolam. 11These doses of benzodiazepines alone may be sufficient to produce sedation, because most children (77%) were indeed sedated after 0.5 mg/kg rectal diazepam before ketamine was administered rectally. 10
Minimum hemodynamic changes after rectal midazolam or ketamine further support the safety of these drugs as a pediatric premedicant. Cardiovascular stimulation caused by endotracheal intubation in patients receiving midazolam and the least dose of ketamine, but not the largest dose of ketamine, suggests that the higher rectal ketamine dose reliably suppresses stress response associated with laryngoscopy and intubation. Although such an extent of hemodynamic alterations after endotracheal intubation may have little clinical importance in otherwise healthy children, this study was conducted to generate data to be used in a future study in children with congenital heart diseases, in which cardiovascular stimulation and minimum respiratory depression by ketamine would favor its use despite adverse effects. 22,23In the present study, hemodynamic stability as estimated by intraoperative coefficient of variation for BP and HR was demonstrated by the ketamine doses used.
Despite our concern, significant negative correlation between the degree of preoperative sedation, but not the dose of ketamine, versus the degree of salivation at the time of induction suggests that prophylactic anticholinergic may not be routinely indicated after rectal ketamine. However, a larger dose–response study is warranted to determine whether salivation is increased by rectal ketamine in children.
Delayed emergence in children receiving 10 or 7 mg/kg rectal ketamine compared with rectal midazolam may be explained by the significant plasma concentration of norketamine, an active metabolite of ketamine that possesses one third of anesthetic potency. Previous studies showed that the terminal half-life of rectal midazolam and rectal ketamine were both approximately 100 min, 6,10but that of norketamine is longer than ketamine per se . 10Although our hospital regulation required all children in our study to be admitted to the hospital on the day of surgery, it is likely that the time until discharge criteria were met would also be prolonged, especially after 10 mg/kg ketamine, because this dose is associated with significantly longer time to the fullpoints on the modified Aldrete score than the other regimens. Because the incidence of all other side effects were comparable between midazolam and 10 mg/kg ketamine, and ketamine exerts postoperative analgesia, indication of rectal ketamine premedication in children should be carefully weighed against prolonging recovery from general anesthesia and may be confined to in-patients. Several previous studies have reported no effect on recovery characteristics in children after 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam premedication when using halothane and nitrous oxide, 24,25whereas other studies showed slightly delayed recovery or discharge after the same dose of oral midazolam when using sevoflurane plus alfentanil or propofol for ambulatory surgery. 26,27Because elimination half-life of oral midazolam is 70 min, 28it is conceivable that discharge may be delayed after ambulatory anesthesia using rectal midazolam or ketamine, when compared with no premedication.
There are shortcomings of our study. Although we demonstrated that 10 mg/kg rectal ketamine was roughly equipotent with 1 mg/kg rectal midazolam in sedating pediatric patients, the cost of ketamine per kilogram is approximately 1.7 times that of midazolam in our country. The 30-min additional cost for the preinduction room stay with rectal ketamine would even further increase its cost and therefore limit its usefulness and restrict its use when compared with rectal midazolam. Second, differing volume of ketamine might affect relative distribution of the drug between the portal and systemic drainage, i.e. , less volume per dose of the drug would direct greater proportion absorbed from the systemic drainage, and thus the initial sedative effect would be greater than the drug being diluted. These considerations imply that, if a smaller dose of ketamine had been diluted to 0.2 ml/kg, preoperative sedation of a smaller dose of ketamine would have been attenuated because of less systemic drainage, and postoperative recovery possibly affected by norketamine would have been slower because of more first-pass hepatic metabolism. Third, performing regional block or providing infiltration of a local anesthetic might have affected the postoperative analgesic profile. Lastly, preoperative anxiety was not assessed in our study. However, objective evaluation of the level of anxiety in pediatric patients, especially those younger than 12 months, could be especially difficult compared with older children.
In conclusion, ketamine produced dose-dependent sedative effects when evaluated 45 min after rectal administration. Although sedative effect of rectal ketamine at a dose of 10 mg/kg was comparable to that of 1 mg/kg rectal midazolam and provided postoperative analgesia, it was associated with delayed emergence from general anesthesia in children undergoing minor surgical procedures.
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Malinovsky JM, Lejus C, Servin F, Lepage JY, Le Normand Y, Testa S, Cozian A, Pinaud M: Plasma concentrations of midazolam after i.v., nasal or rectal administration in children. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 617–20
Malinovsky JM, Populaire C, Cozian A, Lepage JY, Lejus C, Pinaud M: Premedication with midazolam in children: Effect of intranasal, rectal and oral routes on plasma midazolam concentrations. Anaesthesia 1995; 50: 351–4
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Khalil S, Philbrook L, Rabb M, Wagner K, Jennings C, Chuang AZ, Lemak NA: Sublingual midazolam premedication in children: A dose response study. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 461–5
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Twenty-four-Hour Pharmacokinetics of Rectal Acetaminophen in Children : An Old Drug with New Recommendations
Anesthesiology (August 1997)
Perioperative Pharmacodynamics of Acetaminophen Analgesia in Children
Anesthesiology (February 1999)
Initial and Subsequent Dosing of Rectal Acetaminophen in Children: A 24-Hour Pharmacokinetic Study of New Dose Recommendations
Anesthesiology (March 2001)
Preanesthetic Medication of Children with Midazolam Using the Biojector Jet Injector
Obstetric Postanesthesia Care Unit Stays : Reevaluation of Discharge Criteria after Regional Anesthesia
Anesthesiology (December 1998)


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Indicating the status of freshwater ecosystems under changing climatic conditions
Climate change and Freshwater ecosystems
Climate score
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You are here: / wetlands / cold ecoregions /
Species affected by climate change
Proposed indicators for climate change impacts
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Adaption and mitigation
Wetlands in cold ecoregions - overview
The pristine status
Wetlands are among the most abundant and biologically productive aquatic ecosystems in the Arctic, and occur most commonly as marshes, bogs, fens, peatlands, and shallow open waters. Wetlands in high latitudes and mountainous regions are predominantly 'mires', characterised by the accumulation of peat. These unique systems support highly adapted plants and animals, notably a wide range of carnivorous plant species. Arctic wetlands are highly productive and diverse systems, as they often are important transition zones between uplands and more permanent freshwater and marine water bodies. They are typically dominated by hydrophytic vegetation, with a few species of mosses and sedges, and in some instances terrestrial species such as lichens, shrubs, and trees. Many peatlands in high latitudes are important for breeding and migratory birds, fish, and mammals such as reindeer and rodents, which support predator populations. In Sweden, wet forests and bogs provide habitat for about 200 threatened species of plant and animal. Aside from habitat provision, river-flow attenuation, and a number of other ecological functions, wetlands also store and potentially release a notable amount of carbon, with potential positive feedbacks to climate change
Rain-fed rivers, wholly dependent on atmospheric inputs for their water and solute supplies, also develop in regions having adequate precipitation. Fen peats develop in sites fed by groundwater, which may be on slopes, in basins, or on river floodplains and lake margins. Some peatlands are extensively forested.
Peat-dominated wetlands have been altered by a wide range of impacts, including natural drying of the peat mass beyond its ability to retain a high water table, effects of acid rain and eutrophication, drainage for forestry and agriculture, and mining by the peat industry for energy and horticultural products.
Climate change impact
Click to enlarge Warmer climates will likely result in more precipitation in general and less precipitation falling as snow in high northern latitudes, altering the hydrology of streams and rivers. Rivers in the southern parts of the boreal zone with catchments lacking large alpine areas will experience significant decreases in the proportion of precipitation falling as snow. In these systems spring floods will have lower magnitudes or disappear, resulting in losses or reductions in the area of riparian forest communities, with subsequent losses in riparian species richness. In addition, water levels will vary less among seasons, with higher winter flows, resulting in upward displacements of low-elevation riparian zonation, amphibious and aquatic plant communities replacing forbs and graminoids. In boreal continental-climate regions, warming is expected to lead to more extreme summer humidity deficits, resulting in decreased summer flows and more drought stress, which may reduce riparian biomass production and alter competitive relations among species. Increases in the occurrence of extreme floods of long duration can cause extinctions of flood-sensitive species.
Ström L., Jansson R., Nilsson C., Johansson M.E. & Xiong S.J. (2011) Hydrologic effects on riparian vegetation in a boreal river: an experiment testing climate change predictions. Global Change Biology, 17, 254–267.
Ström et al., 2012. Projected changes in plant species richness and extent of riparian vegetation belts as a result of climate-driven hydrological change along the Vindel River in Sweden. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02694.x
Climate Change and Freshwater
Online: http://www.climate-and-freshwater.info/climate_change/wetlands/cold/
© 2021 University of Duisburg-Essen | Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, All rights reserved.


To articulate the standards and procedures for the annual evaluation of faculty within the Department of Political Science.
Faculty within the Department of Political Science.
10/28/2016: Approved by the faculty of the Political Science Department.
07/09/2014: Technical edits - added outline formatting, updated links, standardized method of date notation for Review, Approval & Change History.


Rollin', rollin', rollin' on the river... Build your waterfront get away and enjoy the laid-back life on the Toccoa River! The perfect spot for fishing, launching or returning from your canoe/kayak/tube adventure, or simply playing in the river, this lovely building lot is situated between the beautiful mountain towns of McCaysville and Blue Ridge. Enjoy the river sounds and view of the river from your future homesite!


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Athlete of the Week: Cracchiolo helps Richmond remain hot
Richmond junior basketball player Connor Cracchiolo is the Times Herald Athlete of the Week.
Athlete of the Week: Cracchiolo helps Richmond remain hot Richmond junior basketball player Connor Cracchiolo is the Times Herald Athlete of the Week. Check out this story on thetimesherald.com: https://www.thetimesherald.com/story/sports/high-school/2019/02/02/athlete-week-cracchiolo-helps-richmond-remain-hot/2755594002/
Joseph Hayes, Port Huron Times Herald Published 3:07 p.m. ET Feb. 2, 2019 | Updated 3:54 p.m. ET Feb. 2, 2019
Richmond center Connor Cracchiolo (Photo: Brian Wells/Times Herald)
The Richmond High School boys basketball team has surprised nearly everyone.
Richmond is off to a 15-1 start behind a balanced lineup, featuring several explosive wing players. But down low, the team has also had a steady cog in the middle in junior Connor Cracchiolo.
"Connor has put in a lot of work to get where he is today," Richmond coach Josh Presnell said. "I remember him coming into work out and going against varsity kids and he was in seventh grade. He is a do-it-all big man. He can score with his back to the basket and is a pretty good shooter.
"He is very athletic and strong as a bull. I would say his best trait is he is an incredible competitor. He is willing to do whatever it takes to win."
After contributing 14 points and 10 rebounds in a Blue Water Area Conference victory over Yale, Cracchiolo was voted the Times Herald Athlete of the Week.
He is averaging seven points, eight rebounds, two steals and a block for the BWAC leaders.
Connor Cracchiolo, Richmond (Photo: Submitted photo)
On Friday, Richmond outlasted North Branch, 75-60, behind a balanced lineup, that featured four players in double figures.
Drew Davis paced the team with 22 points. Jackson Allen had 15 points and Daveyon Henderson and Matt Bartolomucci each scored 13 points.
"We are having a great season just playing off of each other," Cracchiolo said. "I like doing the dirty work and getting rebounds and blocking shots. We are playing together and we are improving."
Richmond is scheduled to play a pair of road games next week, at Imlay City and Armada. Victories would propel Richmond that much closer to a special season.
"We just have to continue working hard," Cracchiolo said. "We are playing together and we just want to keep it going. It's been a lot of fun."
Contact Joseph Hayes at (810) 989-6268 or at jahayes@gannett.com. Follow him on Twitter @Joseph_Hayes11.
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