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Do As I Do: Copy Cat Social Imitation in Dog Train...
Pass me the 'dog book'
Canines and Castles: 4th Canine Science Forum Abst...
Attachment: measuring our (varying) relationships ...
associative canine Claudia Fugazza cognition do as i do do you believe in dog Dog family dog project imitation imitative learning Miklosi reinforcement science social training tricks
Do As I Do: Copy Cat Social Imitation in Dog Training
Join us for another guest post, this time from Claudia Fugazza of the Family Dog Project in Budapest. Claudia's here to discuss her recent publication in Applied Animal Behaviour Science on the efficiency of new methods in dog training.
Hi Mia and Julie,
Formal training methods used until now rely mainly on the well-known rules of individual associative learning. These methods work perfectly well for a very wide range of animals — pigeons, rats, dogs and even crabs — and human and non-human animals can learn by 'click and treat,' as noted in the popular training book by Karen Pryor.
However, recent research has found substantial evidence that dogs could be predisposed to acquire information socially via the 'Do as I do' method. Do as I Do is a relatively new training method for people to use, based on dogs' social cognitive skills, particularly on their imitative ability.
With this training technique, dogs learn new behaviors by observing and copying their handler. The dog is a copycat. This method relies on social learning, and it was recently introduced in the applied field of dog training.
As this method has started spreading in the dog training world, we felt that its efficiency and efficacy needed scientific testing. We were also wanting to know whether this method would be more or less efficient than other current training methods in training for particular behaviors.
We expected that dogs would more easily copy object-related actions from a human demonstrator so we tested dogs' efficiency in this kind of tasks. To do this, I travelled across Italy and the UK with my video-cameras as well as a heavy Ikea cabinet filled with objects (you can imagine the weird looks I got from security personal at checkpoints!). I used these objects to test dogs learning to open or close drawers and lockers, pick up items from it etc. Since training methods can be affected by the skills of the trainer, only experienced dog-owners pairs who achieved a certificate either for the 'Do as I do' method or for shaping / clicker training were included in the study. Each pair was tested using 'his' method for teaching three different object-related actions in three testing sessions.
We expected that the 'Do as I do' method would prove more efficient for teaching complex tasks, compared to the shaping method that relies on individual learning. This expectation comes from what we know in humans: we tend to rely more on social learning when required to learn something difficult.
Our research found that the 'Do as I do' method proved more efficient for teaching dogs complex tasks, like close a drawer, open a locker and pick up an item that was inside (i.e., the time needed by the owner to obtain the first correct performance of the predetermined action was shorter with the 'Do as I do' method compared to shaping). We did not find a significant difference in the efficiency of the methods for teaching dogs simple tasks like knocking over a bottle or ringing a bell.
Now that we know a bit more on how to efficiently teach complex object-related actions, we are curious to know what happens when we want to teach different kind of complex actions, like body movements. We also want to know whether introducing social learning in dog training could have an effect on learning cues for trained action.
We are aware that learning rates can be influenced by many factors, and we acknowledge that this study is just a very first step towards a more scientific approach to training paradigms. However we believe that this kind of information can be very important for the practitioners working in the applied field of dog training. We hope that the readers will not misinterpret the results and will not extend them to different actions and situations that were not tested.
Furthermore we would like to emphasize that, despite being efficient for training some kinds of actions, the 'Do as I do' method does not replace the methods based on individual learning (for example think of how many actions are not imitable at all if the demonstrator is a human and the learner is a dog!). Instead 'Do as I do' is a useful (and fun!) addition to existing training paradigms. Experienced dog trainers may find effective ways to mix the different training techniques in order to obtain the best results with each dog.
Claudia Fugazza
Do as I Do Book and DVD
http://www.apprendimentosociale.it/en/claudia-fugazza/
Family Dog Project
Fugazza C. & Miklósi Á. (2014). Should old dog trainers learn new tricks? The efficiency of the Do as I do method and shaping/clicker training method to train dogs, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 153 53-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.01.009
© Do You Believe in Dog? 2014
p.s. Check out this dog's excellent jump!
Alexandra Horowitz animal welfare Do You Believe In Dog? Dog Dog Behavior dog book Dog Cognition dog olfaction dog welfare Julie Hecht Mia Cobb olfaction welfare
Hi Mia!
So many books. Written about dogs. Most I see at the airport, memoirs of someone's 'very special relationship' with a 'very special' dog, another about dogs 'racing in the rain,' (seems like it would be a pretty short book, or would make a better YouTube video), and some even feature a dog as a private eye (many are fans of this one, see Patricia McConnell's review).
Sometimes while sitting in the living room I joke with my boyfriend, "Pass me the dog book." Maybe I find this WAY more funny than he does, but like you, I am surrounded by dog books! Right in front of me is The Domestic Dog (Serpell, ed), and to my right I can see Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog (Scott and Fuller). Beneath that is What the Dog Knows: The Science and Wonder of Working Dogs (Warren).
Now we'll all be surrounded by one more dog book, Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior The Scientific Study of Canis familiaris! This one I am particularly biased towards because it is edited by Alexandra Horowitz, and I co-authored one of the chapters with her. As an edited volume, Horowitz -- and her way with words and dogs (she authored Inside of a Dog) -- stands behind the text, but each chapter has its own focus and tone. The book is in three parts:
Part I covers the perceptual abilities of dogs and the effect of interbreeding
Part II includes observational and experimental results from studies of social cognition – such as learning and social referencing – and physical cognition in canids
Part III summarizes the work in the field to date, reviewing various conceptual and methodological approaches, and testing anthropomorphisms with regard to dogs
The final chapter discusses the practical application of behavioral and cognitive results to promote animal welfare
Here's a look at a few chapters in detail:
Canine Olfaction: Scent, Sign, and Situation
Think you know canine olfaction? Think again! This chapter by Gadbois and Reeve discusses topics like "zoosemiotics" and "canine olfactory psychoethology." Yeah! (and yes, the words "peemail" and "Nosebook" appear in this chapter). More about Gadbois and his work here.
Dog Breeds and Their Behavior
This chapter by James Serpell and Deborah Duffy is probably of interest to many (and it is already listed on the book website as "popular content"). They note that while there are some "breed-associated temperament traits, such as, German shorthaired pointers deliberately selected for nervousness/fearfulness," it's generally more complex than that on an individual basis. More about Duffy here, and Serpell here (and Serpell edited the 1995 book, The Domestic Dog).
Measuring the Behaviour of Dogs: An Ethological Approach
What do 'dog cognition' studies actually look like? This chapter, by Claudia Fugazza and Ádam Miklósi, takes readers on a behind-the-scenes tour of research in practice with topics like single-subject studies (dogs like Chase, Rico, Betsy etc.), comparative studies, and the presence or absence of owners during cognitive tests. For a further look into dog cognition studies, check out http://www.cmdbase.org. It's a "web-based system that facilitates the exchange of videos among students of animal behavior." More about Fugazza here, and Miklósi and the Family Dog Project here.
Looking at Dogs: Moving from Anthropocentrism to Canid Umwelt
This chapter begins, "As a companion to humans, the domestic dog is naturally interpreted from a human-centered (anthropocentric) perspective." In this chapter, Alexandra Horowitz and I cover recent research into attributions to dogs, particularly the "guilty look" and inequity aversion, as well as factors that can impact peoples' interpretation of "human" in dog. We also investigate anthropocentric and canid-centric elements of our own and others' research. Horowitz Dog Cognition Lab here.
The remaining chapters cover:
Marc Bekoff: The Significance of Ethological Studies: Playing and Peeing
Ludwig Huber, Friederike Range & Zsófia Virányi: Dog Imitation and Its Possible Origins (Clever Dog Lab)
Emanuela Prato-Previde & Sarah Marshall-Pescini: Social Looking in the Domestic Dog (website)
Alejandra Rossi, Daniel Smedema, Francisco J. Parada & Colin Allen: Visual Attention in Dogs and the Evolution of Non-Verbal Communication
Sylvain Fiset, Pierre Nadeau-Marchand & Nathaniel Hall: Cognitive Development in Gray Wolves: Development of Object Permanence and Sensorimotor Intelligence with Respect to Domestic Dogs (Canine Cognition Lab)
Monique Udell, Kathryn Lord, Erica Feuerbacher & Clive Wynne: A Dog's-Eye View of Canine Cognition (OSU Human-Animal Interaction Lab, University of Florida Canine Cognition and Behavior Lab, and Canine Science Collaboratory
Nicola Rooney and John Bradshaw: Canine Welfare Science: An Antidote to Sentiment and Myth
For those working with shelter or working dogs, the final chapter by Rooney and Bradshaw is incredibly useful. Scratch that. Anyone who cares about dogs should understand how animal welfare science can be applied to canines.
What can I say? Books about canine behavior, biology and cognition are great.
Horowitz A. (2014). Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior The Scientific Study of Canis familiaris, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-53994-7
#DYBID canine science forum castle do you believe in dog Dogs Feline Science Forum Julie Hecht Lincoln Mia Cobb science UK
Canines and Castles: 4th Canine Science Forum Abstract & Early Bird Registration Deadline Friday
"Two canine scientists, Julie Hecht and Mia Cobb, met briefly at a conference in Barcelona in late July 2012. They share a passion for canine science, good communication, social media and fun."
So reads the 'About' page at Do You Believe in Dog?. After a brief hello at the 3rd Canine Science Forum in Barcelona, we decided to embark on an adventure as digital pen pals, taking turns blogging on topics related to our own research, that of other research groups and general dog science themes.
In the last two years, Do You Believe in Dog? has grown to include a blog with over 100 posts, contributions from guest blogging canine scientists around the world, as well as vibrant Facebook and Twitter communities.
Pretty soon, it'll be time for the 4th Canine Science Forum (Facebook) July 15-17, 2014 in Lincoln, UK! The conference will be proceeded by the 1st Feline Science Forum, July 14, same location, as well as a day dedicated to Companion Animals - Human Health & Disease, July 18, same location (scroll down for the program).
This is a reminder that this Friday, March 14, 2014, is the deadline for abstract submission and early bird conference registration.
The scientific programme includes a number of already scheduled talks. Read about the invited speakers here:
Prof. Benjamin Hart (USA) From the Woods to Home: What Wolves Tell Us About Dog Behavior
Dr. Mariana Bentosela (Argentina) 'Reinforcement effects upon interspecific communication in domestic dogs. What do we know so far?'
Dr Erik Axelsson (Sweden) 'What makes the dog special – The canine genome in comparison with other mammalian genomes'
Prof. Clive D. L. Wynne (USA) 'Comparative Cognition of Dogs and Wolves: What Makes a Dog a Dog?'
Prof. Claudio Sillero (UK) 'What shapes dog society? Cooperation in the wonderfully adaptable Canidae'
Dr. John Finarelli (Ireland) 'Patterns and processes from the fossil record of canids'
Prof. James Serpell (USA) Public Lecture
Did we mention the Gala Dinner is in a Castle?
See you at the 4th Canine Science Forum in Lincoln, UK!
Mia and Julie
Check out some of the science presented at CSF2012:
Cobb M., Branson N. & McGreevy P. (2013). Advancing the welfare of Australia's iconic working dogs, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 8 (4) e42-e43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.04.054
Hecht J. & Horowitz A. (2013). Physical prompts to anthropomorphism of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 8 (4) e30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.04.013
Racca A., Range F., Virányi Z. & Huber L. (2013). Discrimination of familiar human faces in domestic dogs, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 8 (4) e46. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.04.071
Dreschel N.A. & Entendencia K. (2013). Stress during certification testing in prison drug detection dogs and their handlers, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 8 (4) e28. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.04.005
Howell T.J., Toukhsati S., Conduit R. & Bennett P. (2013). Do dogs use a mirror to find hidden food?, Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 8 (6) 425-430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.07.002
All Abstracts can be viewed in the CSF 2012 Conference Handbook
Anthrozoology attachment attitudes Dog Fleur Dwyer Julie Hecht MDORS measurement Mia Cobb Monash University ownership perceptions pet psychology quality relationship science Tammie King welfare
Attachment: measuring our (varying) relationships with dogs.
Right off the bat I need to say YES YES YES!
Your last post about aggression and what we can learn from and about it WITHOUT the need to experience it was spot on.
Are you THIS attached to your dog? (source)
You're also right that my head is filled with glorious meta-analysis results right now, as well as perceptions and other measures (#allthemeasures!) as I start preparing my abstracts for submission to be part of the Canine Science Forum.
One of the small but quirky things I've noticed in the results of the perceived welfare of dogs survey, is that people seem to think their own pet dog has a much higher level of welfare than everyone else's pet dog. Why would we think we take better care of our own dogs than anyone else? Now, this could be to do with the self-selected convenience sample of people who took the online questionnaire. Perhaps the 2,146 people who were interested and motivated enough to take the time to do the survey really are the very top of the pile of all dog owners, but I found it interesting all the same.
It got me thinking about our relationships with dogs (Ha! What's new, right?!). I also happened to have a chat with Hal Herzog (while recording an upcoming episode of Human Animal Science) and, amongst many other things, we talked about how animals and pets aren't universally beneficial for all people. Some people don't even like their dogs. We know from extensive research into human psychology that our attitudes are major predictors of our behaviour. So are people who really love their animals more likely to take better care of them? (The answer is no, not always). Why is it that even people like us, who really find dogs fascinating and work with them daily, can feel more of a 'connection' with one individual dog, but not so much another?
Definitely attached to dog (source)
When faced with a question like this, how do we measure these differences scientifically? We can look at (usually self-reported by the human) measures, such as time per day spent in the company, or interacting/sharing activities with pet dogs. This is valuable, but does not necessarily indicate emotional closeness of a person to their dog.
Lucky for me, plenty of psychologists, including earlier members of the Anthrozoology Research Group have tackled this and worked hard to create scales that measure the human-animal bond. The Monash Dog-Owner Relationship Scale, or MDORS as it's more affectionately known is a great example. MDORS is a series of questions that form a psychometrically sound and validated scale.
This scale was developed with the assistance of over 1,000 participants and comprises 28 items (statements that you agree/disagree with on a 5 point likert-style scale) across three subscales: Dog–Owner Interaction (e.g. "How often do you play games with your dog"), Perceived Emotional Closeness (e.g. "I wish my dog and I never had to be apart"), and Perceived Costs (e.g. "It is annoying that I sometimes have to change my plans because of my dog"). A scale like this can be used not just to assess how attached people are to their pet dogs, but also to explore how these attachments might vary between dogs, and with different groups of people (e.g. from different countries, with different cultural, work experience or education backgrounds, etc.), making it a very powerful tool for researchers.
(excerpt from Dwyer et al, 2006)
Used in conjunction with other questionnaires to investigate areas like grief at the loss of a pet, responsible pet ownership practices by owners, oxytocin levels in dogs, or human health benefits derived from pet ownership; attachment measures, like MDORS, can help us learn more about the importance of attachment to successful relationships for both human and dogs.
How many dogs are you attached to? (Flickr)
You might remember Tammie King's research, that used a modified version of the Ainsworth Strange Situation to see what dogs did when separated from their familiar person and approached by a stranger (in her case, helping to measure the canine trait of amicability through their reaction toward the stranger). Tammie also asked owners to complete the MDORS and used the results in interpreting the canine behavioural data analysis for her PhD.
So often in our research, it's important to measure both sides of the story, because we've learned the experience of the human, or even the human's perception of the dog's experience, just don't match up to the dogs' experience.
I'm pleased to see you'll be tackling topics like these this weekend in San Francisco at the Canine Science Symposium event - yet another great line up of fantastic canine scientists sharing science for everyone:
(Source: Photo Lab Pet Photography)
Meanwhile, I'm getting back to my research and pondering if attachment might relate to perceived welfare of dogs.
Looking forward to your next update,
Dwyer F., Bennett P.C. & Coleman G.J. (2006). Development of the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS), Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, 19 (3) 243-256. DOI: 10.2752/089279306785415592
Rohlf V.I., Bennett P.C., Toukhsati S. & Coleman G. (2010). Why Do Even Committed Dog Owners Fail to Comply with Some Responsible Ownership Practices?, Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, 23 (2) 143-155. DOI: 10.2752/175303710X12682332909972
Archer J. & Ireland J.L. (2011). The Development and Factor Structure of a Questionnaire Measure of the Strength of Attachment to Pet Dogs, Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, 24 (3) 249-261. DOI: 10.2752/175303711X13045914865060
Handlin L., Nilsson A., Ejdebäck M., Hydbring-Sandberg E. & Uvnäs-Moberg K. (2012). Associations between the Psychological Characteristics of the Human–Dog Relationship and Oxytocin and Cortisol Levels, Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, 25 (2) 215-228. DOI: 10.2752/175303712X13316289505468
© Mia Cobb | Do You Believe in Dog? 2014


text:
Palestinian Muslim confesses to murdering pregnant Israeli Jewish girlfriend "I wanted to kill more Jews, not just one!"
This Muslim man named 'Muhammad' killed his Jewish girlfriend who was pregnant.
He told the reporters that he had murdered her in the name of "Jihad," now he demanded Monthly payment from the Palestinian Authority for the killing Jews.
The Western world must cut all funding to the Palestinian Authority.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Everyday Health Cancer Breast Cancer
Yoga, Meditation May Ease Some Breast Cancer Symptoms
But study into alternative therapies didn't find evidence to support using dietary supplements.
By Kathleen Doheny, HealthDay News
Words No Woman Wants to Hear: Your Mammogram Is Abnormal
What Do You Know About Breast Cancer Screening?
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Mind-body therapies are helpful for treating emotional stress and other problems that can accompany a cancer diagnosis
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The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can come with a lot of anxiety, depression and other symptoms that affect quality of life. But mind-body therapies, such as yoga or meditation, may help ease these troubling concerns, a new study suggests.
The researchers reviewed previous studies done on 80 integrative therapies.
"We have good evidence that [some] mind-body therapies -- such as meditation, yoga, relaxation -- can provide benefit to breast cancer patients during and after treatment," said study researcher Heather Greenlee. She's an assistant professor of epidemiology at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.
"And we do have evidence that acupuncture is very useful in managing pain," she added.
Evidence about dietary supplements and botanicals, however, are lacking when it comes to helping symptoms and side effects, she said.
Greenlee and her colleagues conducted the study to update clinical guidelines for the Society for Integrative Oncology. Greenlee is past president of the society. She said that past research indicates that as many as eight in 10 people with cancer turn to complementary or integrative therapies at some point.
The study looked at complementary and alternative therapies, defined as those outside the range of conventional treatments. Complementary treatments are those used along with conventional care, she said. Alternative treatments are often used instead of conventional care. She prefers the term integrative therapy, which describes the use of non-conventional treatments in conjunction with conventional care.
The researchers limited the study to integrative therapies for breast cancer patients. Use of these treatments is popular among women with breast cancer, and there is evidence for some treatments.
RELATED: 7 Complementary Therapies for Advanced Breast Cancer
The research didn't include information on any potential survival benefits, because the studies are lacking that evidence.
The integrative therapies were graded. An A grade indicates there is strong evidence in favor of that treatment, and B is moderate. C represents preliminary evidence. D means the evidence suggests the treatment is not effective. H means the treatment has the potential to be harmful.
Meditation got an A. This therapy was found to have the strongest evidence, recommended for lessening anxiety, improving depression and quality of life. Yoga and music therapy got a B for lessening anxiety and improving mood. Yoga also got a B for improving quality of life. Yoga, acupuncture and hypnosis got a C on fatigue improvement.
Acupuncture and acupressure, when added to conventional drugs for lessening chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, got a B.
One supplement, acetyl-L-carnitine, can cause harm, the study found. This supplement is used by breast cancer patients to help with fatigue or with nerve problems associated with chemotherapy, according to the study. But the investigators found the supplement was ineffective for fighting fatigue, and could worsen nerve problems.
The new guidelines are welcome news, according to Matthew Loscalzo. He's a social worker and the executive director of supportive care medicine at the City of Hope Cancer Center in Duarte, Calif.
Loscalzo's program includes mind-body and other treatments with conventional care, and he said the treatments recommended by the guidelines do help reduce stress and other symptoms. He also agreed with the finding about supplements.
Loscalzo said that his biggest concern is patients who turn to the unproven supplements and don't seek conventional medical care. "I have women coming in with cancers that would have been cured a year ago," he said, if they hadn't chosen to seek only alternative treatments.
In particular, Loscalzo said that he especially cautions people to avoid St. John's wort, used for depression, and mega doses of supplements. Some treatments can interact with chemotherapy, he explained.
But mind-body therapies are helpful for treating emotional stress and other problems that can accompany a cancer diagnosis, Loscalzo said.
Patients need to start with their doctor when considering a non-conventional therapy, he suggested. "Your doctor should be able to direct you," Loscalzo advised.
The guidelines were published online April 24 in the journal CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
Copyright @ 2017 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
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You Can't Afford to Lose Your Florida Criminal Appeal!
In federal court, whether you won or lost your trial, there is a lot to consider if you are deciding whether to pursue an appeal in Florida. First, you have to ascertain whether you can actually appeal.
In Florida criminal cases, only certain matters can be appealed.
As otherwise provided by general law.
If you entered a plea, your ability to appeal is even more circumscribed.
Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(b)(2) provides that a "defendant may not appeal from a guilty or nolo contendere plea except" in certain circumstances.
The first scenario giving rise to a permissible appeal from a guilty / nolo contendere plea involves a "reservation" of the right to appeal.
The rule seems clear enough, but the case law suggests otherwise.
For instance, as a general rule, an issue is "dispositive" if there will be no trial. M.Z. v. State, 747 So. 2d 978 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). But there is an enormous body of case law on the meaning of "dispositive" and how, exactly, a defendant can "expressly reserve" appellate rights.
Both terms are slippery and can be very fact-dependent. Even if your plea agreement "expressly reserve[s]" the right to appeal a "dispositive" issue, do not feel confident you can actually do so until you consult an experienced appellate practitioner.
Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(b)(2)(ii) establishes the very limited circumstances a criminal defendant can appeal after entering a plea if the defendant has not reserved the right to appeal a certain issue.
How Long Do You Have To Appeal In Florida?
If the appellate rules permit an appeal in your circumstances, Rule 9.140(b)(3) of the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure establishes that you have 30 days to file your Notice of Appeal in a Florida criminal case.
The Notice of Appeal must be in the form "prescribed by rule 9.110(d)" and filed with the clerk of the lower tribunal "at any time between rendition of a final judgment and 30 days following rendition of a written order imposing sentence." Fla. R. App. P. 9.140(b)(3).
"Rendition" is an important term (in all Florida appeals, not just criminal appeals). It is defined in Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.020(i).
The catch with "rendition" is that certain motions filed after entry of an order/judgment/sentence postpone rendition, while others do not.
A common pitfall arises when trial attorneys think a certain motion postpones "rendition," when, in fact, it does not.
The consequence of this mistake is that while the post-trial motion is pending, the 30-day clock is ticking away.
If it takes the trial court more than 30 days to resolve the post-trial motion (it usually does), a defendant can find the time has run out for filing a Notice of Appeal.
The Notice of Appeal must be filed, at the very latest, within 30 days of sentencing.
The good news is very little is required to complete a Notice of Appeal.
The bad news is that if you miss the deadline, the consequences are harsh in Florida.
As a result, if you think you have an appealable issue, consult an appellate attorney as quickly as possible.
What If There Was An Error In The Trial Court Proceedings?
If there was an error in your trial court proceedings, it does not necessarily mean that you will obtain relief on appeal.
Even if an error was made in the trial court, two concepts are critical to understand in evaluating the likelihood of success on appeal in a criminal case.
Any argument raised on appeal must have been preserved in the proceedings below, unless it rises to the level of "fundamental error." To constitute fundamental error, "the error must reach down into the validity of the trial itself to the extent that a verdict of guilty could not have been obtained without the assistance of the alleged error." Brown v. State, 124 So. 2d 481, 484 (Fla. 1960).
Whether an error is fundamental is a highly fact-specific inquiry, and the definitions vary depending on context.
To preserve an issue for appellate review, the specific legal argument must be presented to the trial court. For an objection to preserve an argument for appeal, it must be made contemporaneously and specifically. This is another highly fact-specific inquiry that depends on context.
Sentencing errors are not reviewable on direct appeal unless they are preserved in the trial court, either by a timely objection at sentencing or by a timely filed 3.800 motion. See Brannon v. State, 850 So. 2d 452 (Fla. 2003). A motion to correct a sentence can be made either prior to an appeal, see rule 3.800(b)(1), or during an appeal, see rule 3.800(b)(2).
If filed during an appeal, the motion must be served before the party's first brief is served, and notice of the pending motion must be filed with the appellate court. Appellate counsel's failure to preserve a sentencing error by neglecting to file a 3.800(b)(2) motion with the trial court constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel. Hernandez v. State, 137 So. 3d 542 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014).
Harmless Error: To win any appeal in Florida, you must be able to establish the error you are complaining about made a difference. In criminal cases, the defendant has the initial burden of showing error; the burden then shifts to the State to show beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did not affect the outcome of the trial. State v. DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d 1129, 1139 (Fla. 1986).
Filing an appeal in Florida requires the skill and knowledge of a professional appeals attorney who knows and understands the entire appeal process.
 An issue is "dispositive" if there will be no trial. M.Z. v. State, 747 So. 2d 978 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). Be careful here though - there is an enormous body of case law on what constitutes "dispositive" and how you "expressly reserve" appellate rights. These terms are slippery and can be very fact-dependent.


text:
Q: Rendering new component on-click in a parent component I have a button component called CreateTicket and a component I want to render on click called IndividualTicketInput. I have created a parent component where I currently have both of these. I need to have a function that renders a new ticket component on-click in the parent component underneath the first IndividualTicketInput and so forth. I know I have to push into the tickets array but I am still learning react and having trouble understanding the concepts. How would you best go about this and if you need clarity on my end please let me know.
button component
var CreateTicket = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return{};
  },
  render: function() {
    return(
      <button type="button" className="add-another-ticket">
        +Add Ticket
      </button>
    );
  }
})

Ticket Component **(this is the component I want to render on click)
var IndividualTicketInput = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return { ticket: {name: '', quantity: '', price: null} };
  },
  render: function() {
    return (

          Ticket Name
          <input className="ticket-name" type="text" placeholder="E.g. General Admission" value={this.state.ticket.name} />

          Quantity Available
          <input className="quantity" type="number" placeholder="100" value={this.state.ticket.quantity} />

            Price
            <input className="price" type="number" placeholder="25.00" value={this.state.ticket.price} />

          <button type="button" className="delete-ticket" onClick={this.deleteTicket}></button>

    );
  }
});

Tickets Component
var Tickets = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {tickets: [] };
  },
  createNewTicket: function() {

    // where the push happens on click to create the new IndividualTicketInput component

    // this is what I am currently trying but it isn't working
    var tickets = this.state.tickets;
     this.state.tickets.push(
      <IndividualTicketInput />
    )
    this.forceUpdate();

  },
  render: function() {
    return (

        <IndividualTicketInput />
        // new component will render here

{this.state.tickets}

        <CreateTicket onClick={this.createNewTicket} />

    );
  }
});

A: Got this working. Attached props to the child button component and then passed through the component using push.
button component
var CreateTicket = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return{};
  },
  render: function() {
    return(
      <button type="button" onClick={this.props.createTicket} className="add-another-ticket">
        +Add Ticket
      </button>
    );
  }
})

Tickets component:
var Tickets = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {
      tickets: []
    }
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    console.log('this mounted')
  },
  onClick: function() {
    this.state.tickets.push(
      <IndividualTicketInput />
    )
    this.forceUpdate();
  },
  render: function() {
    return (

        <IndividualTicketInput />
        {this.state.tickets}
        <CreateTicket createTicket={this.onClick} />

    );
  }
});

The only problem I run into now is the key situation but I will figure it out. Thanks all that took a look at this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Advocacy, Policy & Research Advocacy Federal Budget & Appropriations 2018 Education Funding Bill with $3.3 Billion Cut to Pell Reserve Moves Forward
2018 Education Funding Bill with $3.3 Billion Cut to Pell Reserve Moves Forward
By Allie Bidwell, Communications Staff
A House appropriations subcommittee on Thursday afternoon swiftly voted on party lines to move a funding bill for the 2018 fiscal year to the full committee for further markup next week.
The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (Labor-HHS) voted 9-6 to send the bill, which would cut funding for the Department of Education (ED) by $2.4 billion. The bill would also rescind $3.3 billion from the Pell Grant Program reserve – slightly lower than the $3.9 billion reduction proposed in President Donald Trump's fiscal year 2018 budget plan. The fiscal year 2018 budget would affect award year 2018-19.
Rep. Tom Cole (R-OK), chairman of the subcommittee, said the overall lower allocation for nondefense discretionary spending "has forced us to make difficult decisions," but that the bill the subcommittee presented "focuses on key national priorities."
"I'm proud of the bill I present today," he said during the markup. "It represents a balanced approach that will benefit every American and maintain appropriate stewardship of taxpayer dollars that we've been entrusted with as members of Congress."
In some ways, the funding bill is a rejection of the Trump administration's proposed 2018 budget. While the education portion of Trump's budget proposal included the elimination of several federal student aid programs – such as the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) Program, subsidized loans, and Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) – the House bill keeps those programs intact. The bill calls for level funding for FSEOG and also for the Federal Work-Study (FWS) Program, which saw a 50 percent cut in Trump's budget proposal. It also includes increases to programs such as TRIO and Gear Up – at $60 million and $10 million, respectively – which help disadvantaged students prepare for and complete college.
Still, Democrats expressed their dissatisfaction with the funding bill.
Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), the ranking member of the subcommittee, said the bright spots in the bill were outweighed by cuts to other essential programs. She said she was "troubled" to see this particular section of the budget "bearing the brunt of the Republican cuts." The overall cut to nondefense discretionary spending would be $8 billion, with more than $5 billion coming from the Labor-HHS section.
"This cut is completely unnecessary in my view," she said. "We have the resources available, yet the majority refuses to allocate them to the essential programs funded through our bill."
DeLauro also took particular issue with the proposed cuts to the Pell Grant reserve.
The House funding bill, she said, "threatens the very future of the Pell Grant Program" and "does nothing to make college more affordable."
After opening statements, DeLauro proposed one health care-related amendment to the bill, which was rejected. The subcommittee then voted to move the bill to the full committee for further consideration.
NASFAA continues to monitor the federal budget and appropriations process. As a result of the devastating cuts to student aid proposed in Trump's budget, NASFAA launched a "Fight for Financial Aid" campaign with tools and resources for raising your voice in support of the federal student aid programs. NASFAA encourages all members to join the "Fight for Financial Aid" by liking the campaign's Facebook page, tweeting with #Fight4FinAid, and by sharing campaign links with friends, colleagues, and students.
Theodore M | 7/14/2017 12:19:45 PM
So where was the 2.4 billion cut?
American Council on Education, Association for Public & Land-Grant Universities Estimate New HEERF Allocations
Q&A on Changes to Federal Student Aid Policy Included in Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
Enactment of Omnibus Expected in the Coming Days
Off the Cuff - Episode 176 Transcript
Major Changes to the FAFSA, Other Student Aid Provisions as Congress Narrows in on COVID Relief, Fiscal Year 2021 Spending
Congress Releases Bipartisan Year-End Spending Deal, FAFSA Simplification, COVID Relief, and Other Student Aid Provisions
Congress Mulls Another Funding Extension in Hopes of Finalizing Year-End Spending Package
Bipartisan Group of Lawmakers Announces COVID-19 Relief Deal
Congress Careens Through Lame Duck Session With Flurry of Activity
Congressional Leaders Aim to Extend Funding Deadline as Shutdown Looms
DeLauro Elected to Lead House Appropriations Committee
Senate Formally Unveils Spending Measures Ahead of Impending Deadline, With Slight Boost to Maximum Pell
With Lame Duck Session Now in Sight, Here Are 3 Things to Watch
Additional COVID-19 Aid Out of Reach Until After Election Day
How Democrats Are Angling to Tackle Higher Education in a Post-2020 Landscape
Legislative Tracker: Student Aid Funding
As Democrats and White House Narrow Disagreements on Additional COVID Aid, Any Deal Will Face Significant Senate Opposition
Congress Averts Government Shutdown With Short-Term Spending Deal
CARES Act Review Highlights Lack of Support for Public Colleges
House Releases Continuing Resolution to Fund Federal Government
Senate Rejects Republicans' Latest Effort to Advance COVID Aid Package
Senate Republicans Unveil Latest COVID Aid Package as Bicameral Negotiations Remain Stalled
Reminder: ED Announces Reopening of HEERF Application Period


text:
A Cool New Tool
Physicists are the first to laser cool radium ions, opening the door to an ambitious research plan
By Harrison Tasoff
Mingyu Fan used a long exposure to capture an image of this single radium ion contained in the team's ion trap.
Mingyu Fan
Andrew Jayich.jpeg
Andrew Jayich
Mingyu Fan copy.png
Given that lasers are known for heating things up, "laser cooling" may seem a contradiction in terms. However, clever scientists have devised a way to use the technology to achieve unparalleled levels of cold.
Physicists at UC Santa Barbara recently achieved the first successful laser cooling of radium ions, an initial step in an ambitious research plan. Radium is the heaviest alkaline earth element, and the only ion in the column that hadn't been laser cooled. The researchers' findings appear in the journal Physical Review Letters.
"I look at this as having the potential for discoveries as well as for constraining theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics," said Andrew Jayich, an assistant professor of physics and the principal investigator on the study. Radium shows promise in diverse fields like quantum information science, optical clocks and fundamental physics research.
To achieve laser cooling, scientists start with a charged atom, an ion, that is trapped with electric fields. Imagine the hot atom bouncing around in an ion trap as a playground swing in motion. Give it a push at the right time and you'll send it higher, or, in this analogy, heat up the atom. But a push opposing the swing's motion, as it's coming toward you, will actually slow it, which cools the atom.
Each energy state an atom can take has an associated resonance frequency. Scientists can coax the atom to transition into a specific state by hitting them with laser light tuned to that specific frequency. The atom will absorb the light and transition to the desired state. Then it will drop to a lower energy state, emitting its own photon that carries away some of the atom's momentum. This literally slows the atom down, and a slow atom translates to a colder atom.
Tuning the laser slightly below this resonance frequency makes it more likely you'll give the atom a push as it's headed toward the beam, rather than away. It's a result of the Doppler effect, which shifts the frequency up as the atom moves towards the incoming laser, much like the siren of a fire engine has a higher pitch as it approaches. Thanks to this method, scientists are never pushing the swing harder, only slowing it down.
Laser cooling and detecting a trapped ion is tricky, and the fact that radium has no stable isotopes made the first laser cooling even more challenging for the researchers. Because the element is radioactive, they initially had only 10 micrograms to work with, and were concerned they'd use up their sample before finding the correct parameters for trapping and cooling the ions. Finally, after several weeks of searching, the camera caught its first glimpse of a laser-cooled radium ion. This new paper represents nearly two years the team spent constructing ion-trapping equipment and perfecting their laser-cooling technique.
For a long time, scientists thought that physics was symmetric — that it worked the same if you flipped the values of the charges or the orientations of all the particles in a system. They also assumed things played out the same going forward in time as backward. Surprisingly, experiments have shown that these basic assumptions about symmetry are not true. Only the three symmetries — charge, parity and time — taken together appear to always hold up. Namely, every physical process we know of stays the same if you swap right for left, positive for negative, and future for past.
While physicists have identified processes that violate charge-parity symmetry in fundamental particles, the violations aren't large enough to explain longstanding questions, like why the universe has more matter than antimatter.
"Theories beyond the Standard Model usually add in new charge-parity symmetry violations to explain these puzzles," said lead author Mingyu Fan, a doctoral student in the Jayich lab. "The symmetry violations predicted by new physics models would also affect atoms," and the heavy nuclei of radium atoms are particularly susceptible to displaying these behaviors. That's why the team has devoted so much time and energy to learning how to manipulate this element.
The radium nucleus also has a unique shape, like a pear, and a set of two of nuclear states separated by only a small amount of energy. These features make radium more sensitive than other nuclei to time symmetry violation, physics that has not been observed in any atom or molecule, Jayich explained. Some yet undiscovered physics — like a new particle or interaction — might mix these two nuclear states.
Jayich suspects that radium will enhance sensitivity to symmetry violations by 1,000-fold compared to the best systems currently in use. "Radium is like a nuclear amplifier for new physics," he said.
Ambitious Goals
The team's initial success in laser-cooling radium ions opens the door to an impressive set of experiments and applications that Jayich intends to pursue in the coming years. In terms of technology, a heavy atom like radium is less susceptible to getting bumped around, thereby minimizing noise in a trapped ion system.
Now the team has to actually measure these states. "Very basic properties of the radium ion, such as lifetimes and branching ratios, things that an atomic physicist would take for granted, have not been measured because it hadn't been laser cooled," said Jayich. "We need to measure the radium ion's basic properties so we can build advanced experiments. We hope to finish these fundamental measurements within the next year."
The team is planning a new experiment using a different form of radium with a nuclear spin that will open new physics opportunities. Although the radium-225 has a half-life of only 15 days, the team will use a clever method to continuously replenish their supplies using an isotope of thorium that radioactively decays to radium-225. The thorium isotope has a 7,300-year half-life, so the team isn't concerned about running out. As a bonus, the two elements are very easy to separate, ensuring that no thorium contaminates the sample.
Laser cooling radium also opens up the possibility of putting the atom inside molecules. The group plans to make and study radium hydroxide in their ion trap, which is trickier than simply synthesizing a compound in a test tube. This would increase sensitivity to new physics by another factor of 1,000 compared to just an atomic system, Jayich said.
Time will tell. The team's planned experiments in this line of research could take several years to yield results once they are up and running, he added.
"It's really the sum of many things that come together to make radium special," Jayich said, "and they all come together to give you a really nice platform for both fundamental physics and photonic quantum technologies."
Harrison Tasoff
harrisontasoff@ucsb.edu


text:
The Maison | 508 Frenchmen Street | 504.371.5543
Jazz Brunch
VIP & Group Packages
VIP Sections
BACHELOR & BACHELORETTE PARTY PACKAGES
The New Orleans Jazz Vipers
The Maison Dec 8, 2014
Jul 3, 2019 @ 6:30 PM – 9:30 PM America/Chicago Timezone
508 Frenchmen Street
Dinner Show Jazz
In 2009, the original New Orleans Jazz Vipers morphed into two new bands, Joe Braun's The New Orleans Jazz Vipers and the New Orleans Cottonmouth Kings featuring six former Jazz Vipers. You can hear both bands playing regularly on Frenchmen Street in New Orleans, and both have released new CDs available at their websites.
The original New Orleans Jazz Vipers were a popular and active band in New Orleans for many years, pioneers of the Frenchmen Street scene, with a twice-weekly residency at the Spotted Cat 2003 to 2009. Noteable festival appearances included the Jazz Fest, French Quarter Fest, Lincoln Center Midsummer Night Swing and the Monterey Jazz Festival (in September 2005). Part of the unique sound of the Jazz Vipers came from the fact that they rarely used any amplification. The sound of the band was at the same time retro, full of energy and unpretentious, with both up-tempo dance numbers and well-chosen ballads; it has been aptly described as neo-trad-jazz. The band received many awards in Louisiana including the Gambit's "Big Easy" award in 2005 for "Best Traditional Jazz Band," and Offbeat Magazine's "Best of the Beat" award in 2004 for "Best Traditional Jazz Album" (for the album "Live on Frenchmen Street"). In 2001 and 2003 they won the "Best of the Beat" award for "Best Emerging Traditional Jazz Band."
RESERVE A TABLE FOR THIS SHOW!
Created by New Orleans Hospitality Marketing
4:00 PM Frenchmen Street Jazz Collective
Frenchmen Street Jazz Collective
6:30 PM The New Orleans Jazz Vipers
In 2009, the original New Orleans Jazz Vipers morphed into two new bands, Joe Braun's The New Orleans Jazz Vipers and the New Orleans Cottonmouth Kings featuring six former Jazz Vipers. You can hear both bands playing regularly on Frenchmen Street in New Orleans, and both have released new CDs available at their websites. The original New Orleans Jazz Vipers were a popular and active band in New Orleans for many years, pioneers of the Frenchmen Street scene, with a twice-weekly residency at the Spotted Cat 2003 to 2009. Noteable festival appearances included the Jazz Fest, French Quarter Fest, Lincoln Center Midsummer Night Swing and the Monterey Jazz Festival (in September 2005). Part of the unique sound of the Jazz Vipers came from the fact that they rarely used any amplification. The sound of the band was at the same time retro, full of energy and unpretentious, with both up-tempo ...
9:00 PM The Essence of Algiers hosted by...
The Essence of Algiers hosted by...
Jul 3 @ 9:00 PM – Jul 4 @ 1:00 AM
The Essence of Algiers Wednesday, July 3rd, 2019 9:00pm-1:00am at The Maison 508 Frenchmen St., New Orleans, LA https://maisonfrenchmen.com Presented by: OWN's Ready to Love, DJ Stormy & NFL Pro Athlete Robert Royal Sounds by: DJ Slab1, DJ Dru & Stormy Hosted by: Tory Davis, Melissa McClendon, George Ravy, Free Open to Public event! RSVP and VIP bottle service sections avaiable below! *RSVP does not guarantee entry. Entry is based on capacity, early arrival is encouraged.*
9:30 PM Jason Neville & The Funk Soul Band
Jason Neville & The Funk Soul Band
4:00 PM The Good For Nothin' Band
The Good For Nothin' Band
The Good For Nothin' Band is to the New Orleans music scene what Al Capone was to the Chicago Mafia, " The Enforcer of Wow " the hot bang club, original, defying cultures, tastes, genres, and decor, sacrilege in all its perfection, a feast for the soul of wayfaring pilgrims searching for the Un-Holy Grail of seedy salvation. This pack of rouge delinquents will decapitate your senses with songs and music crafted from utter mayhem and sheer debauchery. The lucky pilgrim who ventures into the room with these deplorable angels with leave molecularly scathed, never to be integrated into normalcy again, forever changed to roam the earth in the fog of delightful Whiggery. When in Nola, seek out these degenerate scallawags and drink in the groove shadows of this notorious city of wonder as they bombard you with their infamous musical tales of the city of dreams. The Good For ...
7:00 PM Sweet Substitute Jazz Band
Sweet Substitute Jazz Band
Sweet Substitute Trad Jazz Band performs early jazz which was born in New Orleans. The Sweet Substitute Jazz Band plays Traditional New Orleans Jazz in New Orleans. Ryan Robertson – Trumpet and Vocals Chad Mo Moore – Clarinet Nicholas Snyder – Banjo and Vocals Brandon Brunious – Bass Nita Hemeter – Drums Janice Medlock – Trombone, Piano and Vocals Li'l Josephine – Bass Bob Marquart – Trumpet and Vocals
10:00 PM Dysfunktional Bone
Dysfunktional Bone
Jul 4 @ 10:00 PM
In August 2012, a new sound emerged from New Orleans, La, known as Dysfunktional Bone. Since then, Dysfunktional Bone has been playing frequently on Frenchmen St. and across southern Louisiana, wowing audiences with their high energy set. Blending a powerful horn-heavy frontline with a rocking rhythm section, Dysfunktional Bone combines Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles, the J.B. Horns, original Nola funk, and much more into one action packed set. Justin Pardue – trombone/vocals Jonathan Lyons – tenor sax/vocals Jimmie Reamey – trumpet/vocals Pete Roze – guitar AJ Alluli – keys Miles Lyons – sousaphone Brendan Bull – drums
1:00 PM The Rhythm Stompers
The Rhythm Stompers
4:00 PM New Orleans Swinging Gypsies
New Orleans Swinging Gypsies
7:00 PM Royal Street Winding Boys
Royal Street Winding Boys


Vital Wellness Exercise Physiology is an allied health provider servicing Capalaba and the surrounding suburbs of the Redlands area. We offer Exercise Physiology services for the management of chronic pain, chronic disease, injuries, disabilities and acute medical conditions.
We are located within a fully equipped and air conditioned 24 hour gym in Capalaba, based inside Redlands PCYC Health and Fitness centre. The facility is disability friendly with a wheelchair ramp and disabled parking available. We also offer home visits for those who may have difficulty travelling due to poor mobility.
Also offering personal training services for those looking for fat loss, improved muscle tone or improving general fitness. Get the most out of your training by seeing an accredited exercise physiologist at Vital Wellness Exercise Physiology.
An Accredited Exercise Physiologist (AEP) is a university qualified specialist in exercise. AEP's study for 4 years learning everything there is to know about the body and have the knowledge to help prevent and manage chronic disease and pain using exercise as medicine.
Exercise Physiologists play an integral part in the care of many patients, often working alongside other allied health professionals such as physiotherapists and massage therapists to achieve the best possible outcomes.
Exercise Physiologists are also Accredited Exercise Scientists (AES). AES's specialise in sports performance and personal training. They can help with everything from body recompositioning to sprint technique training in healthy populations.
Management and rehabilitation of acute, sub-acute or chronic medical conditions, injuries or disabilities.
Training to get you performing at your best in a specific part of your game or get a fully periodised training program.
Helping NDIS participants manage their health and wellbeing through exercise programs and interventions.
Whether it is fat loss, improved muscle tone, gaining strength or just improving overall health, we have you covered.
On average, Australians receiving Exercise Physiology interventions save an average of $6,562 per year.
The prescription of exercise should be placed on par with drug prescription.
Regular exercise can prevent or even reduce cognitive decline, including problems with memory, word finding difficulties and problem solving.
Achieving your goals is as easy as 3 simple steps.
Discuss your goals and health concerns with an exercise professional.
Receive an exercise prescription specific to your needs and abilities.
Have your progress measured and your exercise prescription adjusted as necessary.
Varying levels of cover available from the following health funds. Not sure if your private health insurance covers exercise physiology? We can check your eligibility for you. On site private health machine available for instant rebates.
Andrew Mangham is the Exercise Physiologist and owner of Vital Wellness Exercise Physiology. Andrew has always enjoyed sport and exercise throughout his life and decided to turn his passion into a profession. Graduating from QUT in 2015 with a Bachelor of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Andrew gained valuable experience in the following years working across multiple locations. He noticed a trend within some companies where the primary focus was increasing the number of appointments completed in the shortest possible time frame.
Wanting to change this way of thinking, he started Vital Wellness EP in 2017 with an ethos of providing the customer the highest quality support. Andrew focuses on the needs of the client and loves hearing and seeing the progress that they make. He believes movement shouldn't be painful and pain is not something that you simply have to put up with as you age. Having worked with a wide range of conditions, Andrew found a keen interest in knee osteoarthritis, lower back pain and hamstring strain prevention and rehabilitation. He has participated in multiple sports including: Football, Athletics, Cross Country Running, Kickboxing and Resistance Training.


text:
Posted inEnvironment, Milford, State Capitol
House Sends Solid Waste Facility Bill To Senate
by Hugh McQuaid February 23, 2012, 8:11 pm January 21, 2021, 5:57 pm
(Updated 9:29 p.m.)With overwhelming support, the House passed an emergency certified bill Thursday night giving towns the ability to zone and regulate solid waste facilities.
The bill, which passed 120-8, has been closely tied to a facility in Milford that has been looking to expand over the objections of the town.
Last year, the New Haven Register reported Milford's attempt to stop the expansion of the facility owned by Recycling Inc. Those efforts included hiring lawyer David Slossberg, husband of Milford Sen. Gayle Slossberg. But a judge ultimately sided with the facility's owners.
Rep. Richard Roy, D-Milford, said the bill will not hinder the expansion of the facility, which the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection has already tentatively approved.
Slossberg said the reason the town was unable to win the court case was because of a mistake the General Assembly made in 2006, accidentally removing town oversight from statute. Rep. Linda Schofield, D-Simsbury, said it was her understanding that the language was accidentally dropped by a legislative staffer and wasn't a decision made by lawmakers.
The bill, which was fast-tracked to the floor of the House for a vote Thursday aims to correct that mistake, Slossberg said.
Roy said, if passed, the bill would give the city authority to regulate things like dust and traffic around the facility.
But Darlene Chapdelaine, who owns the property and facility in Milford, said the language in the 2006 law was no mistake. Lawmakers altered statutes to give municipalities control over landfills moving into their towns but wanted recycling centers to be under the Department of Environmental Protection's authority, she said.
"[Slossberg's] making it look like a defect or typographical error but they did it intentionally," she said.
Chapdelaine said the state wanted control over solid waste facility permits for fear that no town would want to allow a facility to be built there. She said she believes the bill was "e-certed" so it could be passed before her permit in Milford is finalized by DEEP.
"Quite frankly Gayle Slossberg is going to clean up her husband's mess," she said.
Slossberg said that statement was entirely inaccurate given the fact that her husband's law firm wasn't even brought on board until three weeks after the case was lost. Slossberg's husband works for Hurwitz, Sagarin, Slossberg, and Knuff. The firm was hired 20 days after the court decided the case.
Chapdelaine questioned why the city did not appeal the court decision in her favor and suggested it was because Slossberg was planning on dealing with the issue in a legislative fashion.
She said she would have testified at a public hearing if the bill moved through the traditional committee process, but will travel to the Capitol next Wednesday for the Senate debate on the bill.
"I will be there for my three minutes to tell them you can't, as a legislative branch of government, act as the Judicial Branch," she said.
Chapdelaine contacted Sen. Tony Guglielmo, R-Stafford. Reached by phone, Guglielmo said he did not believe the 2006 legislation was a mistake but noted that could be determined by looking back through transcripts of bill's hearings and debates. The problem is that takes time.
"If Sen. Slossberg is correct that's fine but we need a little time to take a look at it. The judge obviously felt the law was doing what it was intended to," he said.
During the House debate, Rep. Sean Williams, R- Watertown, questioned Roy on the necessity of fast tracking the bill without a public debate.
"If as you said earlier, the passage of this bill will have no bearing on the project in the city of Milford, then what makes this an emergency?" he asked.
"The residents of Milford are looking for some real comfort and we're also trying to protect all communities because if we don't do this, every community that has a facility will certainly be at risk of having an expansion of that facility and they will not have any say in what happens," Roy answered.
After the bill passed, Williams said that while he doesn't doubt Roy's sincerity, he thinks the town of Milford will use the law to fight the expansion.
"I think anyone who thinks this is not going to be used to thwart this project, they're crazy," he said.
Williams said the legislature sends the wrong message to businesses when it passes laws encouraging them to expand and then reacts to something like the situation in Milford and "yank the carpet out from under them."
He also said Slossberg's involvement "smelled," given her husband's role in the case.
"Was anything illegal done here? Probably not. But you certainly have to question the motive," he said.
The bill is expected to be raised in the Senate on Wednesday, Feb. 29.


text:
Sea-Tac Airport Noise And Pollution
Information to help you fight airport noise and pollution.
How do I determine if I have a Port Package or Avigation Easement?
So You Want A Port Package? Start Here
Why is it getting so much worse? (NextGen For Dummies)
Who decides what happens at Sea-Tac Airport?
Port Package Problems?
SAMP For Dummies
HB2315 (Port Package Update) Frequently Asked Questions
Stay Informedx
I understand that you will never share my information with anyone and will only use it to keep me updated on relevant events.
Noise Reports
Hourly Noise Detail Report
Hourly Noise Summary Report
Daily Noise Summary Report
About The Permanent Noise Monitors
Advocacy Organizations
Replacing an aging terminal – San Diego's airport development plan continues
Nicole Hall from San Diego County Regional Airport Authority presents how COVID-19 has not put a stop to the airport development plan.
San Diego International Airport is located in a metropolitan area
As the busiest single runway commercial airport in the United States and – pre COVID-19 – servicing more than 25 million passengers including one million international passengers annually, the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority (Airport Authority) has laid the groundwork to replace its 53-year-old Terminal 1 at San Diego International Airport (SAN). This $3 billion Airport Development Plan (ADP) envisions the construction of a modern Terminal 1 and other improvements that will enhance the airport experience and its operational efficiency.
The need for the ADP has been fuelled by tremendous growth in passenger volumes; seen during the last several years. In 2018, Terminal 1 served more than 12 million passengers, which is a drastic jump from the 2.5 million passengers it served in its first year of operation in 1967.
Pre COVID-19, the Airport Authority anticipated increased passenger growth to potentially 40 million passengers by 2035. While air passenger growth is inevitable, the expansion of SAN is not. The ADP is not a plan to expand SAN or increase the numbers of aircraft that land and depart: The FAA and the marketplace dictate how many aircraft can take off and land.
Terminal 1 is located adjacent to SAN's modern, energy-efficient Terminal 2, which is the first LEED Platinum certified commercial airport terminal in the world. For nearly half the passengers arriving at SAN, an outdated and aging Terminal 1 is their first impression of San Diego.
SAN is an urban airport, surrounded by San Diego Bay, the downtown area and residential neighbourhoods. Given the location and geography of the airport, the ADP became a collaborative process and experience with regional partner agencies, stakeholders and the greater San Diego community to identify and ensure the improvements work for all.
Spacious baggage claim area in SAN's Terminal 2
The Airport Authority released an initial ADP Draft Environmental Impact Report in July 2018 and then revised and recirculated it in September 2019. During that 14-month period, more than 100 meetings were held to hear public concerns and consequently revise planning. On 9 January 2020, the Airport Authority Board of Directors certified the Final Environmental Impact Report.
Currently the ADP timeline is on track with the goal to break ground on the new terminal in 2021 and open the first phase (19 gates) in late 2024 or early 2025. The opening date is in sync with the air travel forecasts which predict air traffic, industry wide, should be back to normal levels, post COVID-19.
Environmental planning and terminal design
The new Terminal 1 will feature 30 gates (up from 19 in the current terminal) and jet bridges connecting passengers to larger hold rooms with more gate-area seating, new restaurants and shops, a larger ticket lobby, as well as additional security checkpoints with more lanes and a bigger baggage claim area, alongside a host of energy-efficiency upgrades.
A new interior passageway, post security, will connect the new terminal to the existing Terminal 2. This will eliminate the need for passengers to pass through security a second time when connecting through SAN and access all the airport's 61 gates post security. A more efficient baggage handling system will also be added.
"As we develop the design elements of the new terminal, we can't ignore the need to mitigate the spread of any current or future virus," said Dennis Probst, Vice President and Chief Development Officer, Planning and Environmental Affairs. "The safety of all entering our airport is paramount and COVID-19 has given us a lot to consider in our new design. Our goal is to create a facility that promotes a healthy environment and can adapt to social distancing measures, if needed."
The new design will include high ceilings, an abundance of natural lighting and a ventilation system that will increase filtered clean air in the new terminal. It will also include features that allow a contactless experience for travellers, such as self-opening doors and touchless faucets. Plexiglass screens at ticket counters, social distancing signage and seat separation covers are also readily available to set up in all SAN terminals.
Improvements to mobility and access to the airport
One major issue related to the ADP has been transit connectivity to the airport. The Airport Authority believes a strong connection to the region's transit system is extremely important for its passengers, for the people who work at SAN and for the overall traffic circulation in the area around the airport.
Included in the ADP is an on-airport entry road that would remove an estimated 45,000 cars (85 per cent of the traffic) per day from the current airport access roadway. The plan also includes right-of-way and a plan for outbound lanes, when needed. A dual-level roadway in front of the new terminal would separate arriving and departing passenger traffic, helping ease congestion at the kerb front.
A state-of-the-art parking plaza in front of the new terminal will provide close-in parking and minimise walking distances. The parking plaza will replace surface parking lots and provide up to 5,500 parking spaces. With this structure, the airport would have an overall net increase of only 650 parking spaces from current levels.
The Airport Authority has also reserved a location within easy walking distance of the new Terminal 1 and existing Terminal 2 for a future transit station that can connect to any type of regional transit solution identified by regional transportation planning agencies. The Airport Authority has been working with regional agencies including the San Diego Association of Governments, the San Diego Port District, the City of San Diego, Metropolitan Transit System, North County Transit District, California Department of Transportation and the County of San Diego and others to assist in their efforts to analyse circulation around the airport, as well as to determine the best transit solution for carrying people to the airport.
A commitment to sustainability
Aligned with the City of San Diego's Climate Action Plan and Downtown Mobility Plan , the ADP includes expanded electric vehicle charging infrastructure, a multi-use path on the two main artery roadways that surround SAN and new incentives to promote alternative commuting habits among employees. The plan also focuses on air quality.
"Our emissions are now among the lowest in the country," said Kimberly J. Becker, President/CEO of the Airport Authority. "In fact, we are one of only two airports in North America to achieve a carbon neutrality certification under the Airport Carbon Accreditation programme."
Also, a series of airfield improvements, including new, redesigned taxiways, will help reduce aircraft taxiing times, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Aerial view of SAN with ADP improvements
The Airport Authority considers climate resilience one of the critical elements of its sustainability programme and it has developed a Climate Resilience Plan (CRP) to address impacts from higher sea levels, more intense rainfall and extreme heat. Part of this plan includes a partnership with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography to monitor rising sea levels using advanced sensors in San Diego Bay.
Additionally, there is a plan to expand stormwater systems that provide the ability to capture and reuse more than 39 million gallons of rain annually.
COVID-19 economic impacts
When passenger volumes plummeted at airports globally – at SAN by more than 95 per cent compared to 2019 – the Airport Authority implemented a financial resilience plan and adopted a budget for Fiscal Year 2021 that temporarily deferred approximately $220 million of non-essential capital improvement projects and cut over $23 million from operating expenses compared to the Fiscal Year 2020 budget.
SAN also received federal relief funding in the form of a $91 million award from the CARES Act. In addition, the FAA recently awarded the Airport Authority approximately $11 million for two airside grant projects. SAN's adopted FY2021 budget anticipates $376 million in revenue and $288 million in expenses, which provides excess funds for on-going capital projects, such as the ADP.
"Within the ADP planning, we have built in options to slow down, speed up, or even stop work completely," said Becker. "We are cautiously moving forward with our current timeline for the ADP, however, that could change depending on the speed of recovery in the travel industry. We believe by moving forward there is a potential for cost savings, particularly during this economic downturn."
Benefits to the regional economy
Pre pandemic, SAN's overall economic impact was measured at nearly $12 billion annually. SAN currently employs more than 9,000 people at the airport for the airlines, federal agencies, general aviation, cargo, concessions and the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority. The ADP is poised to provide thousands more well-paying jobs at a time of unprecedented unemployment.
Funding the ADP
In July 2019, the Airport Authority negotiated a new 10-year Airline Operating and Lease Agreement with its airline partners that financially supports the ADP and includes pre-approved funding of more than $500 million for on-airport and off-airport transportation improvements. This $500 million commitment was ultimately instrumental in obtaining support from government agencies, cities and surrounding communities for the ADP.
Funding the ADP is predominantly expected to come from issuance of long-term debt. The current plan assumes about 90 per cent debt financing with the remainder coming from airport cash and FAA grants. Future airline rates and charges and non-airline revenue will be used to repay the debt.
Next steps for the project include completion of the federal environmental review and acquiring the Coastal Development Permits from the California Coastal Commission.
"We are proud of the progress we have made with the ADP," said Becker. "We look forward to bringing San Diego a new updated Terminal 1 that will keep travellers coming back, nonstop, to San Diego for years to come."
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Lexus of Oakville > Patch Program
Local businessman Frank Apa adopted Patch, a Shih Tzu puppy. Patch was a sweet endearing little dog and when he began coming to work, he quickly became the company companion, mascot and spokes-dog. As a canine ambassador, he exemplified all the reasons why having animals in our lives has a positive impact.
Sadly, in August of 2002, Patch passed away. To honour his long-time companion, Mr. Apa dedicated the month of September at the dealership. Over the month, a donation was made from each car sale and the dealership raised $13,300! The money was generously donated to the Oakville & Milton Humane Society (OMHS) in Patch's memory. This donation enabled the shelter to create the P.A.T.C.H. Challenge – a program which highlights the human-animal bond. Patch, the little dog's name, has come to stand for People and Animals Together Create Harmony. Since then, Mr. Apa, President of Lexus of Oakville, has continued to dedicate the month of August to support the kindness initiative and makes a substantial donation every year. Since inception, this program has raised $233,824!
Through the P.A.T.C.H. program, we challenge students in our community to be kind to people and animals. We challenge teachers to bring OMHS into their classrooms. We will continue to recognize children in our community who demonstrate kindness to all living things. The P.A.T.C.H. Challenge is made possible through the generous donation of Mr. Apa and Lexus of Oakville.
You can help celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Patch Challenge! * Make a donation* today to help Lexus reach their goal of $20,000.
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