text:
\section{Introduction}
One of the earliest applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence to condensed matter physics was to study holographic ``probe branes" at finite density \cite{kobayashi, karch}.    The holographic dual of such models is (in the simplest cases) widely believed to be  $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric fundamental matter (analogous to quarks), localized on a defect within the $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma  \cite{karch2}.    Because electrical transport in strongly interacting quantum systems remains a challenging problem in condensed matter,  much of the work on these probe brane models focuses on the transport of the conserved U(1) baryon number.   Unfortunately, the probe limit, where the background plasma is unaffected by the dynamics of the baryon matter, leads to certain simplifying features of transport that are absent in more ``realistic" holographic models for strange metals \cite{koenraadbook, lucasreview}.

 It is still important to understand the transport properties of the probe brane models, however;  they remain rare examples of solvable interacting quantum systems in higher dimensions.    And at low temperature, the behavior of probe branes has remained rather mysterious for almost a decade.    Firstly, at low temperatures one often finds a collective, propagating ``sound mode" \cite{karch08, parnachev, parnachev2, wu, davison11}.   This cannot be ordinary sound, as the energy-momentum tensor is dominated by the `decoupled' $\mathcal{N}=4$ plasma;  it also cannot be (superfluid) second sound as the U(1) symmetry is not broken.   From this line of thought, \cite{karch08} subsequently concluded that this propagating mode was analogous to zero sound:  the sloshing of the Fermi surface in a Fermi liquid at low temperature \cite{pines}.   While there is no strong evidence for a well-defined baryonic Fermi surface, save for finite momentum spectral weight \cite{anantua}, we will follow the literature and call this propagating mode zero sound.   Furthermore, when the zero sound waves are present, the low frequency electrical conductivity $\sigma(\omega)$ has an apparent Drude peak at low temperature \cite{hartnoll09}.     Such a Drude peak would normally be associated with approximate conservation of momentum \cite{hartnollhofman, lucasreview}, but as we have already mentioned, that cannot be the case in probe brane models.

We demonstrate below that within linear response in probe brane holography, the charge current operator itself appears to be conserved at zero temperature when the dynamical critical exponent $z$ of the background plasma obeys $z<2$.    This emergent conservation law, and the resulting ``hydrodynamics", is responsible for the Drude singularity in the electrical conductivity, as well as the propagation of the zero sound mode.     At small but finite temperature, the charge current decays at a rate $\sim T^{2/z}$;  this decay is responsible for both the breakdown of zero sound modes as well as the broadening of the Drude peak.   We also emphasize that this low temperature hydrodynamics is distinct from the high temperature hydrodynamics of probe branes, which is conventional, and describes a single diffusive mode for charge.

This mechanism is analogous to the behavior of electrical conductivity \cite{lucasreview, hartnollhofman, lucasMM} and ordinary sound waves \cite{lucasplasma} in a normal fluid with weak momentum relaxation;  such similarity was qualitatively observed before  \cite{gouteraux2}.     Here, of course, the conserved momentum is replaced by the charge current operator itself.   Unlike the hydrodynamics of ordinary fluids, we find that the nonlinear hydrodynamics of the current operator is often ill-posed:  the gradient expansion always fails at low enough temperatures.   Thus, as we resolve the mysteries of the zero sound modes and the Drude conductivity which arise within linear response, our work also calls into question the ultimate fate of the zero sound mode, and of electrical transport more broadly, at the nonlinear level.

\section{Probe Branes at Finite Density}
Consider a large $N$ quantum field theory (QFT) in $d$ spatial dimensions with a conserved U(1) current $J^\mu$.  If this QFT has a holographic dual,  then $J^\mu$ is dual to a bulk gauge field $A^a$ ($ab\cdots$ denote bulk indices;  $\mu\nu\cdots$ denote boundary indices).   For probe brane models, the generating functional for correlators of $J^\mu$ is simply the exponential of the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action for $A^a$:  \begin{equation}
S =  \mathcal{K} \int \mathrm{d}^{d+2}x \sqrt{-\det\left(g_{ab} + 2\pi \alpha^\prime F_{ab}\right)}  \label{eq:S}
\end{equation}
where $F = \mathrm{d}A$, $g_{ab}$ is the bulk spacetime metric and $\alpha^\prime$ is the string tension, a dimensionful constant arising from the  string theory interpretation of the holographic dual \cite{lucasreview}.   The constant $\mathcal{K}$ is related to the brane tension and the volumes of any compact wrapped spaces, and is unimportant for us.    In this paper, we consider background metrics of ``Lifshitz" form \cite{kachru}: \begin{equation}
\mathrm{d}s^2 = \frac{L^2}{r^2} \left[\frac{\mathrm{d}r^2}{f(r)} - \frac{f(r)}{r^{2z-2}} \mathrm{d}t^2 + \mathrm{d}x^i \mathrm{d}x_i\right]
\end{equation}
The parameter $z$ is called the dynamical critical exponent, and is related to the relative scaling of time and space in the dual critical theory; we restrict to theories with $z\ge 1$ \cite{lucasreview}.   The function $f(r)$ encodes a finite temperature $T$, and is given by \begin{equation}
f(r) = 1-\left(\frac{r}{r_{\mathrm{h}}}\right)^{d+z}
\end{equation}
with \begin{equation}
r_{\mathrm{h}}^z = \frac{d+z}{4\pi T}.  \label{eq:Tz1}
\end{equation}
   In the probe brane limit, $g_{ab}$ is a fixed, non-dynamical background field.

If we are interested in studying matter at finite density, then we must look for saddle points of the action (\ref{eq:S}).   These are solutions to  \begin{equation}
\partial_a \left( \sqrt{-\det(g+2\pi \alpha^\prime F)} (g+2\pi \alpha^\prime F)^{[ab]} \right) = 0.  \label{eq:eom}
\end{equation}
In the above equation, $(g+2\pi \alpha^\prime F)^{ab}$ refers to components of the matrix inverse of $g_{ab} + 2\pi \alpha^\prime F_{ab}$.

\section{Hydrodynamics of the Conserved Current}
Now, let us look for a solution to (\ref{eq:eom}) in which $\rho$ is a slowly varying function of the boundary theory coordinates $x^\mu$.  In other words, we perform a gradient expansion, keeping track of terms only to lowest order in the number of $x^\mu$-derivatives ($r$-derivatives, denoted with $\prime$, will not be treated as perturbatively small). Working in radial gauge $A_r=0$, we find that the $\mu$-components of (\ref{eq:eom}) give
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:gradex}\begin{align}
 \left( \frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d}  A_t^\prime \right)^\prime &=  \mathcal{O}\left(\partial_\mu^2 \right), \label{eq:gradexa} \\
  \left( \frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} \frac{f}{r^{2z-2}} A_i^\prime \right)^\prime &=  \mathcal{O}\left(\partial_\mu^2 \right),  \label{eq:gradexb}
\end{align}\end{subequations}
where \begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = \frac{L^{d+2}}{r^{d+1+z}} \sqrt{1  - \frac{(2\pi\alpha^\prime)^2}{L^4} \left[ r^{2+2z} A_t^{\prime 2} - fr^4 A_x^{\prime 2}\right] } + \mathcal{O}\left(\partial_\mu^2\right)  \label{eq:L3}
\end{equation}
Note that either the presence of finite temperature $T$, or $z>1$, breaks the symmetry between $t$ and $x^i$.   These equations can be exactly solved by
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:Asoln}\begin{align}
A_t^\prime &= - \rho(x^\mu)  \frac{r^{2d}\mathcal{L}}{L^{d+2}}, \\
A_i^\prime &= J_i(x^\mu)  \frac{r^{2d}\mathcal{L}}{L^{d+2}} \frac{r^{2z-2}}{f},
\end{align}\end{subequations}
where we can also write\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = \frac{L^{d+2}}{r^{d+1+z}} \dfrac{1}{\displaystyle \sqrt{1+ C^2  \left(\rho^2 - \dfrac{r^{2z-2}}{f} (J^i)^2\right) r^{2d}  }}
\end{equation}
with \begin{equation}
C^2 = \dfrac{(2\pi\alpha^\prime)^2}{L^4}.
\end{equation}
Here $\rho(x^\mu)$ and $J^i(x^\mu)$ can be interpreted as the charge density and charge current in the dual theory through a rescaling of $\mathcal{K}$; we will assume this henceforth.

So far, this solution is ``exact".   However, it is clear that if $z>1$ or $T>0$, the nonlinear solutions with any finite $J^i$ are \emph{not well-posed}.    This will lead to the breakdown of hydrodynamics at nonlinear order, but we defer this discussion to Section \ref{sec:nl}.   At $T=0$, and $z=1$, we recover the ``boost" solutions of \cite{thompson}, whose existence is demanded by Lorentz covariance.

\subsection{Linear Response}\label{sec:LR}
To proceed farther, let us assume that $J^i$ is infinitesimally small, and only consider first order terms in $J^i$.  This is a rather artificial limit to ensure that the solution (\ref{eq:Asoln}) exists.   However, this linear response regime is precisely where both zero sound and the Drude peak are observed, and so a careful understanding of this regime is sufficient to understand these phenomena.   Thus, we proceed.    We will see that within this linear response limit, we should treat $J^i$ and $\partial_\mu \rho$ as infinitesimal quantities, and so they need only be kept to linear order.

Let us first perform the integral over $r$ in $A_t^\prime$:  \begin{align}
A_t(r) = A^0_t - \rho \int\limits_0^r \mathrm{d}s  \frac{s^{d-1-z}}{\sqrt{1+C^2 \rho^2 s^{2d}}} = A^0_t - C^{-1+z/d} \rho^{z/d} \mathcal{F}_1 \left((C\rho)^{1/d}r\right)  \label{eq:At}
\end{align}
where $A^0_t$ is a constant of integration,  physically dual to a background gauge field coupled to the current operator $J^\mu$ in the dual theory, and \begin{equation}
\mathcal{F}_1(x) \equiv \int\limits_0^x \mathrm{d}y  \frac{y^{d-z-1}}{\sqrt{1+y^{2d}}}.
\end{equation}
 Implicitly, of course, $\rho$ and $J^i$ depend on $x^\mu$, and we will drop the explicit dependence henceforth.  For large $x$, we find the asymptotic expansion \begin{equation}
\mathcal{F}_1(x) = c_1 - \frac{b_1}{x^z} + \cdots
\end{equation}
with positive coefficient \begin{equation}
c_1 = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\pi}d} \mathrm{\Gamma}\left(\frac{d-z}{2d}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma}\left(\frac{z}{2d}\right)
\end{equation}
and $b_1>0$;  this will come in handy soon.   Note that $A^0_t$ is not arbitrary, and should be chosen so that $A_t$ vanishes on the horizon \cite{lucasreview}.

We now perform the $r$ integral in $A_i^\prime$: \begin{align}
A_i(r) &= A^0_i + J^i \int\limits_0^r \mathrm{d}s  \frac{s^{d+z-3}}{f(s)\sqrt{1+C^2 \rho^2 s^{2d}}} \notag \\
&= A^0_i + J_i (C\rho)^{(2-z-d)/d}  \mathcal{F}_2 \left((C\rho)^{1/d}r\right) + J_i \int\limits_0^r \frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\sqrt{1+C^2\rho^2 s^{2d}}}   s^{d+z-3} \left(\frac{s}{r_{\mathrm{h}}}\right)^{d+z} \left[1-\left(\frac{s}{r_{\mathrm{h}}}\right)^{d+z} \right]^{-1}  \label{eq:Ax}
\end{align}
where \begin{equation}
\mathcal{F}_2(x) = \int\limits_0^x \mathrm{d}y   \frac{y^{d+z-3}}{\sqrt{1+y^{2d}}}.
\end{equation}
Depending on the value of $z$,  $\mathcal{F}_2$ has qualitatively different behavior.   For $z<2$, this integral is convergent  and one finds \begin{equation}
\mathcal{F}_2(x) = c_2 - \frac{b_2}{x^{2-z}} + \cdots
\end{equation}
with \begin{equation}
c_2 = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\pi}d} \mathrm{\Gamma}\left(\frac{d+z-2}{2d}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma}\left(\frac{2-z}{2d}\right)
\end{equation}
In the limit of low temperatures ($(C\rho)^{1/d} r_{\mathrm{h}} \gg 1$), the second term of (\ref{eq:Ax}) has a logarithmic divergence near the horizon,  and so for $r\approx r_{\mathrm{h}}$ we cannot neglect the second term: \begin{align}
\int\limits_0^r \frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\sqrt{1+C^2\rho^2 s^{2d}}}   s^{d+z-3} \left(\frac{s}{r_{\mathrm{h}}}\right)^{d+z} \left[1-\left(\frac{s}{r_{\mathrm{h}}}\right)^{d+z} \right]^{-1} &\approx  \frac{1}{C\rho}\int\limits_0^r \mathrm{d}s  \frac{s^{d+2z-3}}{r_{\mathrm{h}}^{d+z}-s^{d+z}} + \mathcal{O}\left(\frac{T^{2d/z}}{\rho^2}\right) \notag \\
&\approx \frac{r_{\mathrm{h}}^{z-2}}{C\rho} \log \frac{r_*}{r_{\mathrm{h}}-r} + \text{constant}.  \label{eq:Tlog}
\end{align}
The coefficient $r_*$ is a constant which is not important.
For $z\ge 2$, $\mathcal{F}_2$ diverges at large $x$.     The coefficient of the logarithmic term in (\ref{eq:Tlog}) also diverges in this limit.   Thus when $z\ge 2$ our gradient expansion fails, and we will explain what happens in this limit briefly in Section \ref{sec:zerosound}.

Not every $A_t$ given by (\ref{eq:At}) and $A_x$ given by (\ref{eq:Ax}) is a solution of (\ref{eq:eom}).  We now must go to first order in the gradient expansion to find the physically allowed solutions.  Using the $r$-component of (\ref{eq:eom}), we obtain \begin{equation}
0 = -\partial_t \left(\frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} A_t^\prime\right) + \partial_i \left(\frac{f}{\mathcal{L} r^{2z-2}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} A_i^\prime\right).  \label{eq:bulkcurrentcons}
\end{equation}
Using (\ref{eq:Asoln}) we immediately find \begin{equation}
\partial_t \rho + \partial_i J^i = 0,
\end{equation}
which implies that the expectation value of the current operator $J^\mu$ is conserved in the dual theory.  This is of course a physical requirement, and not surprising.

A more subtle point is that the presence of a logarithmic divergence in $A_i$ at any finite $T$ would lead to a breakdown of our linear response theory.   However, this is an artifact of the approximation (\ref{eq:gradex}).  In fact, we will show that when $r\rightarrow r_{\mathrm{h}}$, the time derivatives in the $x^i$-components of (\ref{eq:gradex}) cannot be neglected.   So we must treat the near horizon region more carefully: in this region we must replace (\ref{eq:gradexb}) with \begin{equation}
  \left( \frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} \frac{f}{r^{2z-2}} A_i^\prime \right)^\prime  = \partial_t \left(\frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} \frac{\partial_t A_i - \partial_i A_t}{f}\right).  \label{eq:Eeq0}
\end{equation}
It is easiest to proceed by defining a gauge-invariant quantity \begin{equation}
\mathcal{E}_i = \partial_i A_t - \partial_t A_i,
\end{equation}
which obeys an approximate near-horizon equation of motion \begin{equation}
  \left( \frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} \frac{f}{r^{2z-2}} \mathcal{E}_i^\prime \right)^\prime  \approx \partial_t \left(\frac{1}{\mathcal{L}} \left(\frac{L}{r}\right)^{2d} \frac{\partial_t \mathcal{E}_i}{f}\right).  \label{eq:Eeq}
\end{equation}
We have dropped subleading contributions in $f \sim r_{\mathrm{h}}-r$.  In particular, using (\ref{eq:bulkcurrentcons}), we observe that $A_t^\prime$ is generally small compared to $A_x^\prime$ near the horizon, which justifies taking a time derivative of (\ref{eq:Eeq0}) to obtain (\ref{eq:Eeq}).

To linear order in $\mathcal{E}_i$ and $\partial_t \mathcal{E}_i$, we may simplify this equation in the near-horizon limit $r\approx r_{\mathrm{h}}$:
\begin{equation}
r_{\mathrm{h}}^{2-2z}f\left(f\mathcal{E}_i^\prime\right)^\prime \approx \partial_t^2 \mathcal{E}_i .  \label{eq:near}
\end{equation}
Near the horizon, \begin{equation}
f(r) \approx \frac{d+z}{r_{\mathrm{h}}} (r_{\mathrm{h}}-r) + \cdots.  \label{eq:Tz2}
\end{equation}
Defining \begin{equation}
R \equiv  \frac{1}{4\pi T} \log \frac{r_{\mathrm{h}}}{r_{\mathrm{h}}-r},
\end{equation}
and using (\ref{eq:Tz1}) and (\ref{eq:Tz2}), (\ref{eq:near}) becomes
\begin{equation}
\partial_R^2 \mathcal{E}_i = \partial_t^2 \mathcal{E}_i.
\end{equation}
The solution obeying the physical boundary conditions (falling into the black hole) can be written as a Fourier transform \begin{equation}
\mathcal{E}_i \approx \int\mathrm{d}\omega \; H_i(\omega) \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\omega(R-t)}.  \label{eq:mathcalA}
\end{equation}
Note that $\mathcal{E}_i$ is completely regular near the horizon.

Following \cite{lucas1501}, let us now consider -- for fixed $R$ -- the limit where $H_i(\omega)$ only has support for vanishingly small frequencies.   In this limit, we may Taylor expand (\ref{eq:mathcalA}) in the near-horizon limit: \begin{equation}
\mathcal{E}_i(r,t,x^i) \approx H_i(t,r,x^i) - \frac{\partial_t H_i(t,r,x^i)}{4\pi T} \log \frac{r_{\mathrm{h}}}{r_{\mathrm{h}}-r} + \mathcal{O}\left(\partial_t^2\right).  \label{eq:H}
\end{equation}
This formula for $\mathcal{E}_i$ is valid for $ r_{\mathrm{h}} \exp[-4\pi T/\omega] \lesssim r_{\mathrm{h}}-r \lesssim r_{\mathrm{h}}$.    In the limit where $\omega \rightarrow 0$, the regime of validity of (\ref{eq:At}) and (\ref{eq:Ax}) is $r_{\mathrm{h}} -r \gtrsim \mathrm{O}(\omega)$.\footnote{The precise prefactor can depend on the value of $z$.}   Therefore, we can obtain a non-trivial constraint on the dynamics by demanding that the values of $\mathcal{E}_i$ obtained using (\ref{eq:At}) and (\ref{eq:Ax}) are consistent with (\ref{eq:H}).  In particular, consider the approximation  \begin{equation}
\mathcal{E}_i \approx \partial_i A^0_t - \partial_t A^0_i - \frac{c_1}{(C\rho)^{1-z/d}} \frac{z}{d} \partial_i \rho - \frac{c_2}{(C\rho)^{(d+z-2)/d}}\partial_t J_i  - \frac{r_{\mathrm{h}}^{z-2}}{C\rho}  \partial_t J_i    \log \frac{r_*}{r_{\mathrm{h}}-r} \label{eq:Ei}
\end{equation}
We have dropped all terms which are subleading in powers of $T$ in the above expression, for simplicity.  Comparing (\ref{eq:H}) to (\ref{eq:Ei}) we conclude that \begin{equation}
 \partial_i A^0_t - \partial_t A^0_i - \frac{c_1}{(C\rho)^{1-z/d}} \frac{z}{d} \partial_i \rho - \frac{c_2}{(C\rho)^{(d+z-2)/d}}\partial_t J_i  =4\pi T \frac{r_{\mathrm{h}}^{z-2}}{C\rho}  J_i   + q_i(x)
\end{equation}
where $q(x)$ is a $t$-independent function.   In physical circumstances, we must have $q_i=0$ -- consider sources which are switched off at $t=-\infty$, when the fluid is at rest.    Then we clearly have $q_i=0$, which will continue to hold for all times, even if we begin to turn on non-trivial $A^0_\mu$.

Recognizing the source terms as simply the externally applied electric field $E_i$, we conclude that the ideal linearized hydrodynamics on probe branes is \begin{subequations}\label{eq:sound}\begin{align}
\partial_t \rho + \partial_i J^i &= 0, \\
\partial_t J^i + v^2 \partial_i \rho   &= \chi E^i -  \frac{J^i}{\tau},
\end{align}\end{subequations}
where the decay rate of the weakly non-conserved $J^i$ is\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\tau} = \frac{(4\pi T)^{2/z}}{(d+z)^{(2-z)/z}c_2 (C\rho)^{(2-z)/d}},
\end{equation}
the current-current susceptibility is \begin{equation}
\chi =  (C\rho)^{(d+z-2)/d},
\end{equation}
and the speed of sound is \begin{equation}
v^2 = \frac{zc_1}{dc_2 (C\rho)^{(2-2z)/d}}
\end{equation}
in agreement with \cite{wu}.   Note that if $z=1$, $c_1=c_2$ and $v^2 = 1/d$ \cite{karch08}.

(\ref{eq:sound}) is our main result.  It demonstrates that the linearized low temperature hydrodynamics in probe brane models is mathematically equivalent to the hydrodynamics of an ordinary fluid with weak momentum relaxation \cite{lucasreview, lucasplasma}.  This proves a ``conjecture" of \cite{lucasreview, gouteraux2}.   It will now be straightforward to see the emergence of the Drude peak and zero sound, and how both are linked to the same emergent conservation law.

\subsection{The Drude Peak}
  We begin with the Drude peak in the conductivity.  To compute the electrical conductivity, we apply a spatially homogeneous time-dependent electric field $E_i(\omega) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}\omega t}$.    Using (\ref{eq:sound}) together with Ohm's law: \begin{equation}
J_i(\omega)  = \sigma(\omega) E_i(\omega)
\end{equation}
we obtain
\begin{equation}
\sigma(\omega) = \frac{\chi\tau}{1-\mathrm{i}\omega \tau}.  \label{eq:drude}
\end{equation}
This functional form is called the Drude peak, and was numerically observed in \cite{hartnoll09}.  The temperature dependence of $\tau$ is consistent with that found in \cite{davison11, hartnoll09}.   (\ref{eq:drude}) is consistent with the predictions of the memory matrix formalism \cite{lucasreview, hartnollhofman, lucasMM}, when the charge current itself is an almost conserved quantity.

\subsection{Zero Sound}
\label{sec:zerosound}

Next, we turn to the zero sound modes.   Looking for $\rho$ and $J^i$ proportional to $\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}kx - \mathrm{i}\omega t}$ which solve (\ref{eq:sound}) when $E_i = 0$, we immediately find the dispersion relation \begin{equation}
\omega \left(\omega + \frac{\mathrm{i}}{\tau}\right) = v^2k^2.
\end{equation}
As already advertised, the speed of zero sound agrees with previous analytic results \cite{karch08, wu}, and the finite temperature decay rate is consistent with the $z=1$, $d=3$ numerics of \cite{davison11}.    While our derivation above implicitly assumed that $\omega \ll T$, so that the Taylor expansion (\ref{eq:H}) was justified, we observe that the zero sound speed is not sensitive to whether $T=0$ or $T>0$, as numerically found in \cite{davison11}.

Let us now briefly turn to the fate of zero sound when $z> 2$.   This was described in \cite{wu}, and we repeat the result:  \begin{equation}
\omega = \eta k^{2z/(z+2)} + \cdots
\end{equation}
with $\eta$ a complex-valued coefficient with $\mathrm{Im}(\eta)<0$.   There are two important features of this result.   Firstly, the fact that $\eta$ is complex implies that the zero sound modes are no longer truly long-lived collective excitations; they are strongly damped.  Secondly,  for $z>2$, this dispersion relation is not analytic in $k$, and this is associated directly with the breakdown of the gradient expansion that we observed in Section \ref{sec:LR}.   The real-space equations governing these strongly damped modes will be non-local, in contrast to (\ref{eq:sound}).   When $z=2$, the dispersion relation is of the form $k\sim \omega \sqrt{\log \omega}$, and so is also nonlocal;  furthermore, the zero sound will be a purely dissipative mode as $\omega \rightarrow 0$.

\subsection{Nonlinear Dynamics}
\label{sec:nl}
We now turn to the fate of this hydrodynamics at the nonlinear level.   While we focus on the case $z=1$ for simplicity, our comments are valid for $z>1$ as well.
We begin by discussing the $T=0$ limit, and analyze the nonlinear corrections to the linearized equations of motion (\ref{eq:gradex}).   (\ref{eq:L3}) is replaced by \begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = \frac{L^{d+2}}{r^{d+2}} \sqrt{1 + C^2 r^4 A_\mu^\prime A^{\mu \prime} + C^2 r^4 \partial_{[\mu}A_{\nu]} \partial^{[\mu}A^{\nu]}  } + \mathrm{O}(a_\mu^3), \label{eq:L41}
\end{equation}
Let us now consider a small but finite perturbation $a_\mu$ around the background \begin{equation}
\bar A_i = 0, \;\;\;\; \bar A_t =  \int\limits^\infty_r \mathrm{d}r   \frac{\rho r^{d-2}}{\sqrt{1+C^2\rho^2 r^{2d}}};
\end{equation}
thus $A_\mu = \bar{A}_\mu + a_\mu$.
On the background solution, $1- C^2 r^4\bar{A}_t^{\prime 2} \sim r^{-2d}$ at large $r$.  So  following \cite{karch}, analysis of (\ref{eq:eom}) within linear response at $T=0$ yields the following linear differential equation for $a_\mu$ at large $r$: \begin{equation}
\left(r^2 a_\mu^\prime \right)^\prime + \partial^\nu \left(r^2 (\partial_\nu a_\mu - \partial_\mu a_\nu)  \right) \approx 0,
\end{equation}
which is approximately solved by
\begin{equation}
a_\mu \sim \mathrm{Re} \int \mathrm{d}^{d+1}q \; \mathcal{A}_\mu(q) \frac{\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}q\cdot x - \sqrt{q^2}r}}{r}
\end{equation}
for $q_\mu \mathcal{A}^\mu = 0$, in the long wavelength limit.  Unfortunately, a straightforward check reveals that for certain solutions $\mathcal{L}$ becomes imaginary on this ansatz.  In particular, \begin{equation}
C^2 r^4 a_\mu^\prime a^{\mu \prime} + C^2 r^4 \partial_{[\mu}a_{\nu]} \partial^{[\mu}a^{\nu]} \propto r .  \label{eq:nonlinearfail}
\end{equation}
as $r\rightarrow \infty$, with a coefficient of arbitrary sign.   At $T=0$, the geometry extends to $r=\infty$, and so we conclude that a non-perturbative correction to $a_\mu$ must be made in order for the dynamics to be well-posed: without such a correction, the argument of the square root in (\ref{eq:L41}) is not always positive.\footnote{One might ask whether this breakdown of the nonlinear dynamics could be cured by switching to infalling boundary coordinates, as in the conventional fluid-gravity correspondence \cite{minwalla}.   Such a coordinate choice will not alleviate the problem here, however, because the metric is not dynamical.}  We stress that there is almost certainly a solution to the nonlinear equations of motion for $A_\mu$ which is real-valued;  however, such a solution must necessarily differ non-perturbatively from the zero sound waves in the IR.   As such, we do not expect (\ref{eq:sound}) to be correct -- even qualitatively -- beyond linear response.  We expect that the resulting equations of motion for $J^\mu$ in the boundary theory are nonlocal in space and time.

At finite temperature, we find a cure for the divergence observed in (\ref{eq:nonlinearfail}).   In this limit, the geometry truncates at $r=r_{\mathrm{h}}<\infty$.    Very close to the horizon, the dominant nonlinearities in $\mathcal{L}$ for small but finite amplitudes $a_\mu$ are (at $z=1$) \begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = \frac{L^{d+2}}{r^{d+2}} \sqrt{1 + C^2 r^4 \left[ -  a_t^{\prime 2}  - \frac{(\partial_t a_i - \partial_i a_t -f a_i^\prime)(\partial_t a_i - \partial_i a_t + f a_i^\prime)}{f} + \partial_{[i}a_{j]} \partial^{[i}a^{j]} \right] } + \mathrm{O}\left(a_\mu^3\right). \label{eq:lastsqrt}
\end{equation}
Upon first glance, there is a term above proportional to $1/f$ that diverges at the horizon.   However, following our discussion near (\ref{eq:mathcalA}), we observe that the infalling boundary conditions are given by \begin{equation}
f a_x^\prime - \partial_t a_x + \partial_x a_t = 0,
\end{equation}
and this removes the divergenve at the horizon in (\ref{eq:lastsqrt}).   This cancellation generalizes to $z>1$. Hence, we expect that the resulting theory of nonlinear zero sound waves is better behaved.   Still, we do not know if the resulting nonlinear corrections to (\ref{eq:sound}) admit a sensible hydrodynamic interpretation.  In particular, following the same logic as (\ref{eq:nonlinearfail}), we observe that the amplitude of $\partial_\nu a_\mu$ at which the nonlinearities will qualitatively change the nature of the dynamics vanishes as $T\rightarrow 0$.

The breakdown of nonlinear hydrodynamics in the probe brane models at $T=0$ appears analogous to the fact that the hydrodynamic gradient expansion in the Einstein-Maxwell holographic theory becomes singular as $T\rightarrow 0$, despite ``appearances" that the mean free path is finite even at $T=0$ \cite{surowka}.
In fact, in the Einstein-Maxwell system, one finds hydrodynamic sound and diffusion poles (for a conventional charged fluid) even at $T=0$ \cite{edalati, davisonsound},  but also observes non-analytic corrections to the gradient expansion at a finite subleading order.   Such non-analytic corrections also arise in probe brane models, at least when $z>1$ \cite{wu}.  It is not clear whether the breakdown of the gradient expansion at subleading orders in derivatives is related to the failure of the perturbative expansion for small perturbations.   More work to resolve these puzzles is warranted.

\section{Conclusion}
At low temperature, the total charge current is a long-lived quantity in holographic probe brane models with $z\le 2$.   Solving the bulk equations of motion in a derivative expansion,  we found an emergent hydrodynamics of the current operator, analogous to the response of weakly disordered fluids with almost conserved momentum.   This hydrodynamics is responsible for both the holographic zero sound mode and the resulting Drude peak.    In particular, this proves that the decay of zero sound at finite temperature is governed by the same decay rate as the Drude peak.   This also leads to a curious example of a quantum field theory with two different ``hydrodynamic" limits:  one at high temperature, and a qualitatively different one at low temperature.

The nonlinear generalization of this novel low temperature hydrodynamics does not appear to be well-behaved.  It is possible that the full, nonlinear equations of motion for the conserved current $J^\mu$ are non-local on the longest length scales.
It will be interesting to  determine the fate of zero sound at the nonlinear level, and the resulting nonlinear equations of motion for $J^\mu$.

\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgments}
\section*{Acknowledgments}

We thank Andreas Karch, Richard Davison and Sean Hartnoll for useful discussions.  CFC was supported by the Physics/Applied Physics/SLAC Summer Research Program for undergraduates at Stanford University.    AL was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4302.

\begin{appendix}

\end{appendix}

\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
About Indistry
INDISTRY is a first-of-its kind interactive streaming platform that celebrates and develops emerging artists in film and music while allowing our audience to come together to shape the direction of the content they consume. Through our platform and live events, INDISTRY fosters a creative community where users, creators, and brands can interact in a unique ecosystem celebrating creativity in film, fashion, music, and more.
Championing the work of emerging talent in TV, film and music, we use our interactive entertainment platform to support them by way of distributing their work, live events, marketing and exposure, as well as access to our brand partners for collaboration. We also work with celebrities who share our vision and want to entertain their fans; but more importantly, those who are using their influence to make a positive social impact in today's world.
INDISTRY's unique interactive technology allows users to not only watch content, but shop what they see on their screen, socialize and engage with it. If a video has a hotspot, click it to engage. Love discovering new music? Check out our Emerging Artist Channels or Music Video channel, then click on the hotspot to go directly to Spotify or Apple iTunes to stream the artist's full album. Love fashion? Buy an item the artist is wearing right on the music video! Simple, fun and all on one device!
*** Interactivity not available on Apple TV
The INDISTRY mobile app is available on Apple iOS and Google Android mobile phones as well as Apple TV.
Audiences get FREE UNLIMITED ACCESS to:
Episodic Show
Emerging music artist channels
Download the Indistry Mobile App Now!
Shows. Movies. Music. Premium Channels. Live Events. FREE. ALL THE TIME.
Indistry Leaders
Mary Landaverde
Co-Founder / CEO
Prior to Indistry TV, Mary spent the last 20+ years in brand strategy, marketing, licensing, and securing strategic partnerships for some of today's biggest global brands and celebrity personalities in fashion, sports, music, television and film. Having worked with iconic brands in pop culture such as Playboy Enterprises, Miss America, Atari, Bob Marley, Sharper Image, and others, she has a deep understanding of
what consumers want, what they care about and the role that entertainment and brands play in their lives. As CEO of INDISTRY, Mary provides strategic leadership for Indistry TV including long-term business goals as well as oversees brand strategy, revenue goals and strategic partnerships for the network.
Erroll Angara
Co-Founder / COO
Erroll's background spans over 20 years in the legal and financial industries. Prior to joining INDISTRY TV, Erroll spent 13 years with the Wall Street Watchdog FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority). As Associate Director in FINRA's Office of Dispute Resolution, Erroll worked with senior executives on strategic initiatives to expand FINRA's arbitration program across 71 cities in the United States
including San Juan, PR and London, UK. Erroll provided leadership and oversight on operational effectiveness for the division; training and data management for FINRA arbitrators; and building strategic partners with national organizations, media and industry stakeholders. In her current role as Chief Operations Officer, Erroll leads the day-to-day operational activities with a focus on operational efficiencies and for building infrastructure and processes to ensure Indistry TV delivers high-quality service and scalable growth for the network. She also oversees financial administration, talent recruitment, and interfaces with partners including legal, accounting and Board Members.
Winston Tsao
Winston Tsao has led highly productive, multidisciplinary teams, large and small, internal and offshore developers and has extensive hands-on experience to guide and execute successful digital deployments, social engagements, and PPC campaigns. He also has experience in enterprise applications development and integrations, infrastructure deployments and processes, marketing automation systems,
and content marketing initiatives. He has worked with both large companies and startups including Grainger, Tribune Publishing, Symmetri Marketing Group, Envisionit Media, Centrax Corporation and others. Winston has deep knowledge in cloud platforms and infrastructure such as Amazon, Google, Cisco, as well as mobile app development in various platforms, languages, frameworks, and databases. Winston oversees all of Indistry TV's technology development, roadmaps, tech support, and third-party applications and integrations.
C.J. Allen
C.J. Allen leverages his more than 15 years of music industry experience representing, advocating for, and managing Canadian artists and creating original digital content that highlights the talent of unsigned singer-songwriters.
Having gotten his start in the music business working with Korean and Western acts while living in Asia, Allen has helped guide the careers of artists from Canada, the USA, India, the UK, the Bahamas, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. As a tour manager, promoter and eventually A&R for indie labels in South Korea, Allen travelled extensively through Asia supporting emerging artists and their artist development.
While abroad, Allen became the first expatriate to serve as executive producer for a Korea-based and internationally broadcast pop culture television series produced by CJ E&M and airing on Mnet America and tvN Asia. Allen's Asia credits also include serving as editor-in-chief of NEH magazine, programming consultant for Green Groove music festival and World DJ Fest, and judge for Korea's Got Talent's English language spinoff, Top Talent.
Following a seven year stint in Asia, Allen returned to his native Canada in 2014 and has continued to actively discover and shape unsigned, aspiring talent as the executive producer and head judge for The Shot – Canada's foremost avenue for recording artists to showcase their own original music and talent. Now in its eighth season, The Shot has become the destination artist discovery platform for singers from across Canada.
Allen continues to be active as an artist manager, A&R and programming consultant, and music project angel investor and serves a numerous for profit and not-for-profit boards of directors and advisory committees.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Brief history of the upper Ivel
by membership 11 November 2021
Fishing for Trout at Norton Fisheries near Baldock, painted by Henry Bullard in 1906.
Reproduced with permission copyright Baldock Museum.
This painting contains portraits of local men. Unfortunately their names have been lost. They are fishing on a part of the River Ivel which has been dammed to form a lake for trout. This was part of the property of a company known as Norton Fisheries which operated along the river between Baldock and Radwell tasing trout in hatcheries and fry ponds and growing them in screened parts of the river.
The sections of the Ivel discussed here are from the river source at Ivel Springs, just north of Baldock down to Stotfold Mill, a distance of 3.65 Km. The first 2.5 Km from Ivel Springs to just below Radwell Mill the river can be described as a "Classic chalk stream"1 with clear warm water, below that it flows out onto the clay and becomes increasingly turbid from runoff. There are several main sources for historical evidence of flow: watercress beds, mills and fisheries, which were, or are, on this stretch of river. The minimum perennial flow required by all three operations was 5 Ml/day, and 14 Ml / day for the mills further downstream.
Watercress beds
Both the Ordnance Survey 18802 and 1892-19143 25 inch maps show extensive watercress beds immediately below Ivel Springs. These were probably built in about 1850 after the railway line came to Baldock which enabled fresh cress to be easily transported to the London markets daily. Watercress was known as 'the poor man's bread'4.
The Ordnance Survey 1:10560 maps of 1949 – 69 shows the "Old watercress Beds" 5 so it can be
assumed they existed for about 100 years. Measured in a GIS mapping application, the area of the beds in about 1900 was 2.0952 Ha or 5.117 Acres.
Table 1 shows from a range of sources the average flow required for this size of beds, which was
was a little over 5 Ml / day.
Water Mills
There are 4 water mills on this stretch of the river. Blackhorse Mill, Norton Mill, Radwell Mill and
Stotfold Mill. The latter two get a mention in the Domesday book 9. Baldock in its current form was established after 1086 so Blackhorse Mill may have been the one mentioned in Weston 10, which covered that land at the time, but this is uncertain. It certainly was a substantial mill structure by 1760 11.
In any case it is possible to say there have been mills on this stretch of the Ivel for at least 1000 years. Before the railway came it was not easy to transport heavy or bulky goods great distances. These mills were a critical infrastructure which relied on a constant flow of water to make staple foodstuff out of local grain for local people all year round.
With reference to table 2, both Radwell mill and Stotfold mill are of a size to run 2 stones @ c.15 Hp which required c. 400 l/sec. 12 It seems unlikely the river ever had a flow like this, but that is the reason for Radwell Mill pond, which has a reserve capacity of about 7 Ml. If the incoming flow was at least 165 l/sec or 14 Ml/day the miller would be able to run at full power for 8 hours without depleting the reserve, and it would have refilled before work started the next day.
Stotfold Mill has a much smaller reserve, and it takes about 1 1/2 hours for water to travel between them, so if both mills started work at about the same time the slug of water from Radwell would be arriving just as Stotfold's own reserve was running out. Both mills could work the same hours and were both dependent on a flow equivalent to about 14 Ml/day at Radwell.
Same as Radwell or Stotfold, Norton Mill had an overshot wheel with about the same fall, but was much narrower and was probably only capable of running one stone. Nevertheless, this would still have required a continuous flow of at least 7 Ml/day which is entirely possible because the springs at
Nortonbury were also a very active source, A Garden City document of 1904 says: Constant springs are found at Nortonbury and Baldock 13 . Norton Mill has quite a large pond, and it was probably linked to the old moat and pond at Nortonbury Farmhouse 14 which today has almost completely gone, but it was a substantial body of water. It is entirely reasonable to think Nortonbury Springs and Ivel Springs combined could have supplied 7 – 10 Ml/day to Norton Mill.
Blackhorse mill had much less fall than the others, and likely had a breastshot or undershot wheel so it probably wasn't very efficient which explains why it was the first to fall into disuse as a mill in the middle of the 19th Century. As industrialisation increased through the late 19th century even the efficient local mills lost their competitiveness, but there was still plenty of water, so both Norton Mill and Radwell Mill became fisheries, but it appears they ceased operation in about 1915, probably because of the war. Stotfold Mill continued operating as a mill until the 1960's. It was restored in the early 2000's and is operating again as a museum 15.
A Letchworth Garden City document of 1903 says: At Norton mill there is an establishment for fish culture, where all kinds of trout are hatched and reared, and where advice may be obtained as to stocking of lakes, rivers Etc. The extensive trout fisheries at Radwell were also built at about that time and are still shown on the map today.16 Both would have needed the sort of continuous flow of clean water the mills had – and we never see today.
There is more work to do: The Hertfordshire county archives contain much useful information about the Ivel, most of which we have yet to see. For example there is a substantial body of papers relating to the case in 1904 of Cookson and others (from Norton & Radwell fisheries) v Baldock Urban District Council over the alleged poisoning of fish as the result of a sewage overflow caused by two sequential thunderstorms, some human error, and the failure of a pump. It took 3 years, but the fisheries won a substantial compensation. We have found references to river flow data included in the case evidence, but not the data itself – yet.
1 Smith et al 2003 Water & Environmental Management Journal, A method to identify chalk rivers and assess their nature conservation value.
2 Garden city Heritage collection: http://www.gardencitycollection.com/object-plan919
3 National Library of Scotland https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by- side/swipe/#zoom=17&lat=51.99672&lon=-0.18893&layers=168&right=BingHyb
4 http://www.missfoodwise.com/2013/06/british-watercress-and-poor-mans-bread.html/ 5 National Library of Scotland https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by- side/swipe/#zoom=17&lat=51.99672&lon=-0.18893&layers=193&right=BingHyb
6 Email correspondence with a leading watercress grower
7 History of Harpenden watercress beds http://www.harpenden-history.org.uk/page_id__55.aspx
8 Environment Agency paper 2009 Watercress growing and its environmental impacts on chalk rivers in England (NECR027) http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/40010
9 Opendomesday; Radwell https://opendomesday.org/place/TL2335/radwell/ Stotfold: https://opendomesday.org/place/TL2136/stotfold/
10 Opendomesday: https://opendomesday.org/place/TL2530/weston/
11 http://www.gardencitycollection.com/object-lbm3000-47
12 Fall (in metres) x Flow (litres per second) x Gravity 9.81 = Power (Watts).
13. http://www.gardencitycollection.com/object-lbm3058-7-14
14 http://www.gardencitycollection.com/object-2007-60-9
15 https://www.stotfoldmill.com/
16 https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/side-by-side/swipe/#zoom=17&lat=52.00739&lon=- 0.20475&layers=10&right=BingHyb
Richard Meredith Hardy
Baldock in the 19th Century, the story of...
Watermills on the Upper Ivel in the 1880's
Canoeing in the upper River Ivel 2002
19th Century photographs.
Upper reaches of the River Ivel – Too...
Traditional watercress production on upper River Ivel
Water Mills and Fisheries on the upper reaches...
Clearing the upper Ivel in the early 1980s
MAKE A DONATION >>
Waterlife Recovery Trust
Water situation for Upper Ivel – Dec 2022
Does Grafham have the resources to save the Ivel?
@2021RevIvel - All Right Reserved.
This website was donated by EMSL


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OVERKILL's The Walking Dead is longer coming to consoles, which is all but confirmed by Sony when notifying buyers of pre-order cancellations.
Overkill's The Walking Dead gets a late delay on its console release, with the PS4 and Xbox One launch pushed back to February 2019.
Overkill's The Walking Dead video game developer confirms that it will be harder depending on how many players join the co-op experience.
Overkill's The Walking Dead gets its first gameplay trailer as part of the PC-focused E3 2018 press conference, finally showing the game in action.
The latest cinematic trailer for Overkill's The Walking Dead video game introduces gamers to the character Grant, who's looking for his granddaughter.
Working with Robert Kirkman, Overkill releases its first trailer for The Walking Dead companion game which is set to hit consoles in Autumn 2018.
OVERKILL's The Walking Dead embraces a season structure, launching with a 10-mission season 1 to be followed up by a nine-mission season 2. It launches with six playable characters created in conjunction with Kirkman to be canonical with the Image Comics series and lore.


Before the release of Windows 3.1, Microsoft created an expanded version of Windows 3.0 that included "Multimedia Extensions". This version appears to have been released to manufacturers only and not sold as a standalone product.
This release has a different startup screen. Instead of just "Windows 3.0" it reads "Windows - graphical environment with Multimedia Extensions 1.0".
Once you get in to it though, you can see it is the same Windows 3.0 software with nothing changed except for the addition of several new applications.
Windows 3.0 could run on an 8088/8086, but this version requires a 286 or higher. Technically Windows 3.0 MME will still start up, but all of the new multimedia extensions, and even the screen savers require 286 or 386 mode.
The new applications are Media Player, Music Box (a cd player), Sound Recorder and a new clock. These applications only work if Windows is being run in standard or enhanced mode.
And this version includes screen savers. Ooohhh, pretty!
Two screen savers are included that I had not seen before. The one shown above called "Lissajous" that shows random curves and sine waves, and one called "Melt" that makes the desktop appear to melt downwards.
It also includes the Marquee, Mystify, Star field, and Blank Screen screen savers.
The media player is capable of playing ".mmm" animation files and can be extended to play other formats. Applications can call the multimedia subsystem directly to display animation directly without the media player shell.
This screen shot shows the control panel. It has been expanded to include additional control panel items. The original Windows 3.0 control panel was a fixed size dialog and could not incorporate more control panel items.
Display - for selecting different resolutions.
Drivers - add and configure multimedia drivers.
Joystick - for calibrating the joystick, if present.
MIDI Mapper - for mapping instruments to midi devices.
Sound - (shown above) - lets you specify startup and other sounds.
Screen Saver - for changing the screen saver and any settings.
Sound Mixer - this is part of the sound driver that happens to be included with this version.
The sound drivers are provided by the computer manufacturer, in this case Tandy. These drivers are for a Creative Labs Sound Blaster series sound card. At the time Sound Blaster cards were very popular and were supported by a huge number of DOS games and applications.
This version of Windows includes several additional video drivers that support 256 color modes. Interestingly it even has a 320*200*256 graphics mode that runs on generic IBM VGA hardware.
In this version the screen savers are a separate control panel item.
One final interesting note: The winhelp help system is upgraded with a newer version that appears to be from an early version of Windows 3.1.


text:
Anomis iobapta is een vlinder uit de familie spinneruilen (Erebidae). De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1927 door Prout A. E..

De soort komt voor in tropisch Afrika.

iobapta
Dier uit het Afrotropisch gebied

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Twin Cities Orthopedics Eagan at Viking Lakes is a state-of-the-art, full-service orthopedic facility and sports medicine center that is home to an orthopedic clinic, Orthopedic Urgent Care, physical and hand therapy, imaging, ambulatory surgery center and outpatient services. Located at Viking Lakes, TCO Eagan is adjacent to the Twin Cities Orthopedics Performance Center, the home of the Minnesota Vikings.
Start with the specialist to diagnose and treat your acute injury. TCO Eagan at Viking Lakes offers orthopedic and sports medicine acute injury walk-in clinic hours from 8 AM – 8 PM, 7 days/week. No appointment or referral necessary. For chronic conditions, please call the clinic to make an appointment.
For more information, call 952-456-7480.
The Eagan Orthopedic Surgery Center is a partner of TCO Eagan at Viking Lakes.
Training HAUS powered by TCO is our new sports performance & training center on the Viking Lakes Campus.
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text:
Ozark: Frying Pan into the Fire
Netflix checked in with another unusual, noteworthy binge-watchable original series last month - Ozark, the story of how a brilliant high-finance money-launderer in Chicago escapes with his family to the Ozarks, and goes from the frying pan into the fire.
Among the many highlights are memorable performances by even the supporting characters, to the point where just about everyone has a crucial role, and a plot full of twists and turns that surprise from the first episode to the end of the last.
Like just about all of Netflix's original series, and Amazon's too, Ozark tells a story which on first glance is familiar - the city slicker in the hicks - but on second and third glances and every glance thereafter is rich with original detail. Marty Byrde, superbly played by Jason Bateman, finds himself beset not only by the "second biggest" drug cartel in Mexico (whose murderous rep in the U. S. sarcastically notes Byrde with his precision can't help but mention) and the FBI, but by two hillbilly or redneck families (and I'm glad I'm not a character on the show because mis-identifying one as the other could easily get me killed).
Byrde's family plays a major role - Laura Linney puts in a great performance as Marty's wife, who was having an affair in Chicago before the family was forced to leave - and the two kids have quirky, unpredictable and powerful stories, too.
There's a lot of time spent in or near and around the water, which also plays a crucial part in the story. And though the characters remark that it's a little too cold for swimming, it feels like summer - I don't recall seeing any snow, even in Chicago - which makes Ozark especially good viewing for anyone now in the Northern Hemisphere. But, hey, the Southern Hemisphere will find lots to be glued to screen about in this one, too.
Labels: Jason Bateman, Laura Linney, Netflix, Ozark, television
Somewhere Between 1.7: No Deja Vu
Twin Peaks: The Return 1.16: Finally!
Ray Donovan 5.4: How to Sell a Script
Game of Thrones 7.7: End Wall
Somewhere Between 1.6: Nico
Twin Peaks 1.15: Meditation on a Gas Station
Game of Thrones 7.6: Two to One
Loch Ness: The Monster is Human
Broadchurch Season 3: Hope to See You Again
Somewhere Between 1.5: The Affair
Twin Peaks 1.14: Painstaking Progress
Game of Thrones 7.5: Reason Breaking Out All Over
Somewhere Between 1.4: The Husband
Twin Peaks 1.13: Humor
Ray Donovan 5.1: Big Change
Game of Thrones 7:4: Dragon vs. Byzantium
Somewhere Between 1.3: The Scarf
Binge Listening to the Beatles Channel on Sirius/X...


AstroFaces - This site is a research study focused on determining if there is a recognizable physical resemblance between people with the same Sun, Moon, and Ascendant signs. All are invited to participate by contributing photos; the aim is to have all combinations represented. More photos are needed, so send yours in. Or just visit the site to take a look at faces of others with the same sun, moon and ascendant as yours. This site is slow to load so get ready to relax.
The Planets and Their Children - The beautifully colorful Blockbook on Medieval Popular Astrology contains illustrations of the planets and their "children," or those people influenced by that planet. This comes from mid 15th-century Europe, when the influence of the planets on human beings was of great popular interest.
Astrology Clipart Graphics FREE - These images are free for use on personal home pages. The creator asks that they not be used for commercial pages or in any graphics collections. The quality of the graphics is quite good.


Security forces killed a Taliban district governor and seven fighters in Herat, and killed four more fighters and captured five more in Wardak. The Pakistani military fired 38 missiles into Kunar.
Foreign Minister Zarif said Iran will never participate in talks with Israel. Iran's ambassador to Turkey noted that cooperation has improved between the Iranian intelligence and security services and Turkey's National Intelligence Organisation, and said Iran has offered to help Turkey mend ties with Syria.
Police filed charges against one of two people accused of posting online threats against poet Yahya Hassan, who has criticized Islamist culture in Denmark. Six of 27 reported threats were investigated; charges against the other suspect were dropped.


The presentation library holds an archive of downloadable presentations that have been collected from the many fine speakers who have spoken at our society events.
This archive is continually growing, so be sure to check back on a regular basis for updates.
Barry Ritholtz - May 10 2017 - Crashes, Terrorists, Sharks - Oh My!
Were You Born Before Or After 2007?


text:
Imprint: Elsevier
Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions, 7th Edition
by Regina F. Doherty, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA, FNAP
Build the skills you need to understand and resolve ethical problems! Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions, 7th Edition provides a solid foundation in ethical theory and concepts, applying these principles to the ethical issues surrounding health care today. It uses a unique, six-step decision-making process as a framework for thinking critically and thoughtfully, with case studies of patients to illustrate ethical topics such as conflict of interest, patient confidentiality, and upholding best practices. Written by Regina F. Doherty, an educator and occupational therapist, this book will help you make caring and effective ethical choices that improve patient care and outcomes.
UNIQUE! Ethical decision-making process provides an organizing framework to use in making the best decisions when faced with ethical problems.
Patient stories depict real-life situations and demonstrate the ethical decision-making process.
Reflection boxes depict important concepts and stimulate critical thinking.
Summary boxes highlight the most important information in each section.
Coverage of interprofessional team decision-making reflects this important, expanding movement in healthcare nationally and internationally.
Questions for thought and discussion encourage students to apply the ethical decision-making process to different situations.
NEW! Updated content throughout the book reflects the changes in the growing interprofessional movement.
NEW! Expanded content on clinician well-being includes tools for supporting moral resilience and preventing burnout in health professionals.
NEW! Updated content addresses the topics of social justice, health disparities, intersectionality, and health outcomes.
NEW! Updated national standards and regulations are provided for electronic health communications, data protections, and clinical research.
NEW! Coverage of scientific literature is expanded with studies on the effects of compassion on patient outcomes, patient safety, and provider and organizational well-being.
NEW! Coverage of ethical issues impacting healthcare and society includes topics such as medical scarcity due to healthcare supply chain shortages and extreme weather events due to climate change.
Section 1: Introduction to Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions
1. Morality and Ethics: What They Are and Why They Matter
2. The Ethical Goal of Professional Practice: A Caring Response
3. Prototypes of Ethical Problems
4. Ethics Theories and Approaches: Conceptual Tools for Ethical Reasoning
5. The Six-Step Process of Ethical Decision Making
Section 2: Ethical Dimensions of Professional Roles
6. Ethical Life as a Health Professional: Integrity, Resilience and Courage
7. Shared Moral Community: Ethical Decision Making in Interprofessional Teams
8. Living Ethically Within Healthcare Organizations
Section 3: Ethical Dimensions of the Professional-Patient Relationship
9. Honoring Confidentiality
10. Communication and Shared Decision Making
11. Informed Consent in Care Delivery, Research, and Health Information Management
Section 4: Ethical Dimensions of Chronic and End-of-Life Care
12. Ethical Issues in Chronic Care and Disability
13. Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care
Section 5: Ethical Dimensions of the Social Context of Healthcare
14. Distributive Justice: Rights, Resource Allocation, and Policy Considerations
15. Compensatory and Social Justice: Societal Sources of Claims for Healthcare
16. Professionals as Good Citizens: Responsibility and Opportunity
Regina F. Doherty, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA, FNAP, Associate Professor and Program Director,
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts
Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions - Elsevier eBook on VitalSource, 7th Edition
Elsevier eBook on VitalSource Available
Need your book today? Want to reduce your carbon footprint? Click here to purchase the ebook version to get immediate access!
View the Elsevier eBook on VitalSource version


text:
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To Schedule A DNA Test At A Choteau, MT Location, Please Call (800)221-4291. The Process Is Fast, Easy & Confidential! Get The Answers You Need!
Accredited Drug Testing Inc (ADT) provides DNA testing at local testing centers in Choteau, MT and surrounding areas. Our Choteau, MT DNA Testing Centers use certified DNA collection specialists and Nationally Accredited AABB Laboratories for all DNA testing which will ensure the highest accuracy for DNA test results. DNA Testing Centers in the Choteau, MT area are located within minutes of your home or office.
Accredited Drug Testing takes the stress, out of a stressful situation!
Important Information (Beware)
Some companies offering DNA Testing may sell cheap / INEXPENSIVE, in-home or laboratory DNA kits. Please be aware that these types of DNA testing products cannot be used in a court proceeding FOR paternity, immigration or family relationship determinations.
Accredited Drug Testing only utilizes certified DNA collection specialists at our Choteau, MT DNA Testing Centers and AABB certified laboratories for DNA Testing which the test results may be utilized in child custody, child support, paternity or any other legal proceeding.
Accredited Drug Testing provides DNA testing in all cities nationwide and in the event the parties for the DNA test are located in different cities, Accredited Drug Testing will coordinate and schedule all of the DNA tests to ensure that all parties are accommodated in a convenient manner. As an example, if the mother and child are in one city, but the alleged father is in another, we will contact all parties to schedule the DNA test at a convenient location and time and report the results back to the authorized parties.
Legal or NON-Legal DNA Tests
When scheduling a DNA test regardless of the purpose, Accredited Drug Testing recommends always utilizing a legal DNA test procedure for current or future use. A legal DNA test has very specific Chain of Custody test procedures which ensures that the DNA test results can be used in a legal proceeding. A non-legal DNA test will provide the results, but cannot be used in any type of legal matter. When conducting a legal DNA test all parties must present a valid form of identification, photographs will be taken of all parties, legal guardian documentation and or birth certificates of any minor children may be required. These procedures for a legal DNA test ensure that should the DNA test results be used in a legal proceeding, the chain of custody is carefully followed and no challenge to the results can be successfully made, that's why it's always best to schedule a legal DNA test.
Accredited Drug Testing Recognized For DNA Expertise
Recently, Accredited Drug Testing and our company President and CEO, James A. Greer was consulted by the National Enquirer magazine regarding the JonBenét Ramsey murder case. Mr.Greer's comments were included in both the September 12th, 2016 edition and the January 2nd, 2017 edition of the National Enquirer.
Please note – Accredited Drug Testing, Inc. only utilizes American Association of Blood Bank (AABB) certified laboratories for DNA relationship testing. The AABB accreditation is the highest national standard applied to DNA testing laboratories.
Any DNA test which is conducted by a non- AABB laboratory will not be accepted in a court of law. Home kits and other types of non- AABB DNA testing, while inexpensive/cheap, are not reliable and will not be permitted in a legal proceeding.
Accredited Drug Testing Inc, applies the highest standard to the entire DNA testing process, from the DNA specimen collection, to the chain of custody, the laboratory analysis and the confidential results reporting.
To schedule a DNA Test or for more information including fees, Please call (800) 221-4291
For more information on AABB accreditation - Click Here
DNA testing can be used for the following purposes
Birth Certificate Modification
Wills/Insurance
DNA Paternity Testing
A DNA test for paternity purposes determines the biological father of a child. Every human inherits specific DNA from both biological parents, half from the mother and half from the father. A DNA test examines a child's DNA pattern with that of an alleged father to determine if the child and the alleged father have the same DNA. Results of a properly administered DNA test utilizing an AABB accredited laboratory are 99.9% accurate. While DNA paternity testing may be stressful for some parties involved, Accredited Drug Testing is committed to making the entire DNA paternity testing experience, professional, convenient, confidential and Stress-Free.
When administering a DNA test to a child/minor, the legal guardian must be present and provide authorization for the DNA test to be conducted. The legal guardian can be the mother, father or other natural or court ordered person who has legal decision making authority over the minor child.
DNA Immigration Testing
DNA testing can be used for reasons relating to immigration and the biological relationship between a petitioner and affiliated individual. DNA immigration testing can be used for paternity tests, Maternity tests, sibling relationship and other purposes required by the U.S Department of State. Accredited Drug Testing will coordinate the entire process, including scheduling the DNA test for parties located in the United States and forward the DNA collection kit to the U.S Embassy located in a foreign country where the other party is located. Once the DNA collection has occurred at one of our testing centers in the U.S and at the U.S Embassy where the other parties are located, Accredited Drug Testing will ensure that all specimens are sent to the lab for DNA testing and provide the results once the AABB laboratory has analyzed the DNA test.
What is a DNA test?
A DNA test is a procedure to determine if exact biological characteristics exist in one person's DNA and those exact same DNA characteristics in another person's DNA makeup. As humans each of us contains different DNA makeup however, parents and children have the same DNA, siblings from the same parents have the same DNA and grandparents have the same DNA as grandchildren. A DNA test is a non-intrusive procedure usually utilizing an oral swab from all parties, which then follows a specific chain of custody process in which the oral swab specimens are sent to a certified and accredited AABB laboratory. The Laboratory that analyzes the DNA specimen and provides the results. DNA test results are 99.9% accurate.
How to schedule a DNA Test?
It's simple, contact Accredited Drug Testing at (800)221-4291, and provide various information including the city you wish to take the DNA test, who will be taking the DNA test, mother, child and alleged father. When the parties are available to take the DNA test (Accredited Drug Testing will schedule the appointment with each available party). Once the results are received from the AABB laboratory Accredited Drug Testing will forward the results by email and U.S Mail (Hard Copy) to all authorized parties.
How long does it take for DNA test results?
Once all parties have completed the DNA test collection, the specimens are immediately sent to the certified AABB laboratory and results are usually available within 3-5 business days.
On-Site/Mobile DNA Testing
We come to you!, Accredited Drug Testing can provide on-site/mobile DNA testing at your home, office, hospital or other location. (Additional on-site fees may apply)
More DNA Testing FAQ
What is paternity?
Paternity means fatherhood. Paternity is established when a paternity testing laboratory uses genetic testing methods / DNA test, to demonstrate to a legal standard, that an alleged father is the biological father. Paternity is disproved when these same methods and standards demonstrate that an alleged father is not the biological father.
What is DNA testing?
DNA testing refers to the process of examining an individual's DNA markers for the purpose of genetic human identification and for determining the relationship between two people.
How accurate is DNA-Based paternity testing?
The DNA profiling method is an extremely accurate genetic testing method. It can absolutely determine if the man is not the biological father and reliably exclude him. DNA profiling can establish that the alleged father is the child's biological father with a probability of paternity of 99.99% or higher. Each year many individual clients, child support offices, attorneys, judges, and physicians choose Genetic Profiles as their source for information, guidance and testing services in order to determine paternity.
Are the results admissible in court?
Yes. The laboratory follows a strict chain-of-custody procedure which allows for court/legal admissibility.
Is the Lab accredited? Are the results reliable?
The DNA testing laboratory used by Genetic Profiles is accredited by the American Association of Blood Banks(AABB)for the purpose of performing paternity (parentage) tests. Your paternity test will be processed by highly skilled and trained laboratory technicians. Every test is evaluated by a Ph.D. scientist with several years specializing in DNA genetic testing.
How long does it take to receive results from the paternity test?
It typically takes about 3-4 working days to complete the testing. In cases where the mother's sample is not included or when an abnormal/difficult sample is used, testing may require more time.
Are the paternity test results confidential?
Yes, The DNA test results are strictly confidential. They are released only to the adult persons who were tested and, as requested, to their authorized agents (e.g. attorneys).
How does DNA paternity testing work?
DNA analysis, which has proven to be a major advance in the field of paternity testing, involves the direct examination of the genetic material that a child inherited from its biological parents. DNA is located throughout the human body and in the same identical form. Thus, DNA in blood is the same as that in skin, cheek lining, muscle, bone, teeth and various other tissues. The DNA of a person is fully established at conception and remains totally constant throughout life. During the paternity testing process, the genetic characteristics of the child are first compared to those of its mother. Those characteristics in the child that cannot be found in the mother have been inherited from the biological father. If the tested man (alleged father) does not have the genetic characteristics necessary to be the biological father of the child, he is excluded. If the tested man's DNA does contain those genetic characteristics, then the probability that this man is the true biological father is calculated and reported by the laboratory.
What are some of the reasons DNA testing is conducted?
There are many legal and personal reasons that require DNA testing. Some of the more common include:
family medical concerns
citizenship/immigration
inheritance/benefits (social security, insurance, etc.)
crime scene analysis (forensic testing)
Can I do anything to alter the results of the test?
No, you can not alter the results of a test. Medication, drugs, alcohol, food, age or lifestyle cannot alter the DNA pattern within an individual.
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Local Area Info: Choteau, Montana
Choteau is a city in and the county seat of Teton County, Montana, United States. It lies along U.S. Routes 89 and 287 (the latter terminating at the former in this city) about 20 miles (32�km) east of the Rocky Mountains, near Flathead National Forest, the Rocky Mountain Division of Lewis and Clark National Forest, and Glacier National Park. The population was 1,684 at the 2010 census. The Montana town is named for French fur-trapper and explorer Pierre Chouteau, Jr., who is also the namesake of Chouteau County, Montana (county seat: Fort Benton).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.83 square miles (4.74�km2), all of it land. The Teton River runs nearby, although for some distance upstream of Choteau, it is dry during much of the year.
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,684 people, 791 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was 920.2 inhabitants per square mile (355.3/km2). There were 888 housing units at an average density of 485.2 per square mile (187.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White, 2.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.
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Simon Cowell has pledged £50,000 to help a four-year-old boy get life-saving cancer treatment in the US.
The music mogul has donated the huge sum towards Zac Oliver's overall target of raising £500,000 so he can receive treatment for Near Haploid, which is a rare form of leukaemia.
In a video urging other people to support Zac, Simon - who has a four-year-old son called Eric with his partner Lauren Silverman - said: "This boy is four years old and needs money to get him to America to get the help he needs.
"So I want you please to go on Zac Oliver's JustGiving page and whatever you can donate will make a difference.
"And because I don't like well-known people telling people to do something and don't do anything themselves, I'm going to donate £50,000. We're going to get there."
Treatment for the illness is not currently available on the NHS.
But Zac's mum, Hannah Oliver-Willets, has thanked the "X Factor" judge for his support.
Reflecting on his generosity, he said: "Thank you, Simon Cowell.
"I explained to Zac that Simon has helped to pay for his special medicine.
"Zac said "thanks Si", LOL. Little does he know how much closer we really are to getting him to the US."
Meanwhile, Simon previously admitted that parenthood has changed his outlook on life.
He shared: "It gives you such a different perspective on life. Things that I thought were important, just aren't.
"Because I see a lot of things through his eyes now, I find everything to be a happier place."


The bye week is here as we have just passed the mid-way point of the season with all clubs having played 6 games. The Okanagan Sun are in first place at 6-0 with their destiny in their own hands but facing a gruelling schedule the rest of the way. The Westshore Rebels are nipping at their heels at 5-1 and have a running game that is looking pretty intimidating to opposing defenses. At 4-2 The Langley Rams let a critical home game against an undefeated team slip away. You have to wonder when their play-off season ends if they will be looking at this game as one that could have made a world of difference. The VI Raiders continue to play an indifferent brand of football, but the good news is they head to the break passing a second half gut-check test. The Broncos and the Huskers remain winless but they meet each other twice in the last 4 weeks in games of pride and looking towards 2017.
Let's look at more winners and losers from week 6.
Lyles had another massive game on the ground with 272 yards against the Huskers Saturday afternoon. He now has 1066 on the season with loads of football left to play and the BCFC rushing record in his sights.
He sits 18th on the all-time single season list and at his current pace of 178 yards per game could jump over several players ahead of him all the way into 7th spot after his club's next game. The current record of 1592 yards (Matt Medwick Valley Huskers in 2000) seems sure to fall this year.
The Rebels head into the break at 5-1 and winners of 3 straight games. They are giving up more points and more yards through the air than they would like (a lot more) but have a running game built to go deep into the play-offs. They have already beaten the team behind them in the playoffs Race (Rams). The team they have to catch has to make a long trip to their home artificial turf in two weeks and they have a relatively small 6-point differential to overcome to grab first place.
The Rebels were the lone BCFC club to not offer an internet broadcast this season, much to the chagrin of out of town Rebels fans and those of the visiting team travelling to Langford.
Good news is after the UBC Thunderbirds and Manitoba Bisons played an exhibition game there Friday night a solution was stumbled upon during their game broadcast. A last minute Rebels/Huskers game was streamed Saturday and all indications are a solution has been found either at the Rebels or conference level. Expect that the rest of the Rebels games this season will be streamed including the all-important first place showdown with the Okanagan Sun September 10.
The Okanagan Sun and Langley Rams platooned 4 quarterbacks who went a combined 22 of 54 for 276 yards, 2 interceptions and no touchdowns. It would be easy to say the aerial attacks were ugly this night, but in reality they were worse than that. On back to back series late in the game a Rams QB threw an ill-advised pass that resulted in a Sun interception, then his Sun counterpart threw a pass that likely would have been a pick 6 had the defender been able to hang onto the ball.
As already mentioned the Sun offense didn't have a stellar game against the Rams but the Sun defense continued to be a smothering unit Saturday night. Defense wins championships as they say. If that holds true you have to like their chances to repeat considering their offense is a lot better than it showed this night.
This is two straight games without allowing a touchdown for the orange and brown defense.
Docherty accounted for all of the Rams points, went 3 of 4 in field goals including a 47 yarder. His punting was more than solid as always.
If the Rams season comes down to a field goal attempt anywhere inside 50 yards you shouldn't bet against them.
The Rams and the BCFC celebrated Ken Smith's 96th birthday at halftime Saturday night.
If you don't know Mr. Smith you should. His involvement with football and the Rams goes back decades. His is a life member of the CJFL and a BC Lions "Orange Helmet Pioneer" among many other accolades.
Many years ago, his involvement in the military was a big part of his life as well.
Good on the Rams twitter to notice that when the field lights went dark, causing a half hour game delay it was with exactly 11:11 remaining to play in the 4th quarter.
In the 3rd quarter in Langley the Rams QB bobbled a second down shotgun snap around their own 35 yard line. In the ensuing fight for the pigskin the Rams managed to recover the fumble. Curiously the head referee ruled the play an "incomplete pass". This resulted in the Rams having about 5-yards better punt position and not much more.
Had the Sun recovered the ball with the play overturned in error…well you never know what happens in a game like football where momentum is everything.
Blown calls are part of the game and refs take far too much criticism, but this could have been a grave error.
We have been justifiably critical of the Raiders play this year. It's been consistently inconsistent. And while we suggested last week they needed to make a statement against the Broncos, the fact they didn't dominate can easily be chalked up to the long road trip from Nanaimo that morning.
Jerome Erdman's squad found themselves down 13-3 at the half. The way their season has gone, coupled with the fact the Broncos have been playing well at home and it would have been easy for them to collapse in the last two quarters.
Instead they took the second half 13-0 to win the game, limiting the Broncos to 111 yards of offense in the process.
The Raiders still face an uphill game to repeat their trip to the BC final but can feel pretty good about their character down the stretch and into next season after this game.
Last week in this column we referred to Huskers quarterback Noah Falconer as a rookie. We have actually done this on more than one occasion.
A fact check would have told us he is actually in his second season.
Thanks to the facebook follower for pointing out our error without laughing at us.
We should have been laughed at for this one.


This was a very big week for our family. Our first grandchild graduated from high school yesterday. He graduated with honors, an academic scholarship and an athletic scholarship to play baseball for the college that was his Number One Choice! He did this with NO HELP FROM DIABETES OR CELIAC DISEASE!
His parents were having a graduation party at one of his favorite Mexican Restaurants and my grand daughter (his little sister) called me and asked if I would help her make a cake for the occasion! No brainer, of course I would love to help!
Mind you, most of the time, the two of them can not stand to be in the same room with each other!! She says "He gets all the attention….it's always about him" . He is always teasing her and says "She is so spoiled, she gets whatever she wants" and so on and so on! You know, that whole sibling rivalry thing!!
So anyway, she comes over and begins to tell me what she wants to make for her big brother. And she melts my heart!
You see, he has not been able to eat cake like everyone else since he was 11 years old and in addition to his Type 1 diabetes, was diagnosed with Celiac Disease. Whenever we have birthdays or other events where cake is served we alway make sure he has a gluten free cupcake or some other gluten free dessert. But because this is a really special day for him…his sister wants to make him the gluten free cake and make regular cupcakes for everyone else!! Oh, and not just any old gluten free cake but a 4 tiered gluten free cake!! I am choking back the tears by now! At that moment, I couldn't be more proud of her! What a very special grand daughter I have!
So up we get and one by one we remove the layers from the freezer and frost them and stack them on top of each other! Then the cupcakes are frosted and a little frosting is put on the bottom of the wrappers so they stay secured to where she puts them. Finally…she is ready to add the decorations that took her over an hour to pick out!
I'll let you decide for yourself…But I doubt that anyone would be able to buy a more beautiful graduation cake or a cake made with more love than this one (let alone a gluten free one)!!
This Grandmother is so very proud of all of her grandchildren. Being a grandma is the best thing in the whole world!
OMG! I've been a Gramma 18 years TODAY!
Today my first grandchild turns 18!!
I have to tell you that all the things you hear about grandparenthood are absolutely true! Don't get me wrong..Becoming a parent is certainly one of life's greatest joys, but multiply that by 10 and that is what being a grandparent is like!! I am blessed to have 4 wonderful grandchildren so multiply that times 4!! That's 40 times more wonderful than being a parent!! How incredibly lucky I AM!
HAPPY, HAPPY BIRTHDAY ROB! Thank you for giving me joy I never knew existed! Thank you for giving me happiness I didn't know possible! Thank you for becoming such a source of pride! Thank you for being so much stronger than your grandma! Thank you for being such a wonderful role model for all of us to follow in learning how to deal with life's adversities!
Today is ONE DAY CLOSER to your Cure!
As you may have figured out, JDRF's Government Day 2011 really put a BEE IN MY BONNET!
Right before I attended Government Day, I was laid off from a job I had been at for almost 13 years. Being a, not quite old enough to retire grandma, people aren't exactly knocking down my door to offer me a job!! I was used to working 10 to 12 hours a day and I need something to keep me busy. ENTER THE D.O.C!!!
However, it was a little more structured than we really wanted or had time for and since many of us have been married to our high school sweethearts for almost 50 years and we are all are used to doing almost everything together…We decided we wanted to include our men in the get togethers!! We wanted to meet often, look silly, laugh, love and we also knew we wanted to have a purpose!!
I have some of the most wonderful friends and because they all know of my passion to find a Cure for Diabetes, this has become their passion as well! Hence…we now have "OUR PURPOSE"!
What can we do to get our legislators to understand the importance of better treatment and A CURE for Diabetes. How do we get them to "get it"!!!
We had our first meeting Tuesday at one of the best good old-fashioned drug stores in the country established in 1918.
at the Circle in Orange!!
But we had such a good time!! People actually stopped by our table just to chat, and reminisce and join in the fun! We already have set a date for a softball tournament and have decided we will meet every Tuesday, same time, same place. Some times there will be more of us and sometimes less…But at the very least, we will have an excuse to get together and along the way, we will be doing what we can to help the Diabetes Community.


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should contain "stub gems" for Rake and RDoc.
RDoc gem is completely missing.
Rake gem seems to be a complete gem, not just a "stub gem".
without the json default gem the rdoc command would not start since the rdoc gem has a dependency to json. hope I understood that default gem concept enough to make it right.
@cfbrobak thanx for not giving up on that issue.


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Bioregulatory Medicine: An Innovative Holistic Approach to Self-healing
written on: December 6th, 2018
Bioregulatory Medicine is a primer (for those who need re-priming), a refreshing look at what matters in medicine and how we can work with the human body, not against it, without fear, to heal ourselves and others. It shows as where we left our roots — roots deeply embedded in an understanding of our amazing human physiology, its intricate biochemistry, and its awe inspiring anatomy — and how to return to this scaffolding, to the miracle of life.
It is a book of hope. It captures important messages about the path to sustainable, biologically based medicine. It shows us where and how we have gotten off course by tracing the history of allopathic medicine. It tells us what we should know, that we are beautifully made yet somehow broken, that health is more than the absence of disease. The human body is a complex network of connected and interdependent systems. Their harmony and ability to self regulate depends on their milieu — the environment in which each organ, cell and structure is immersed.
Our bodies carry a toxic burden, unlike any throughout history. It is the source of their disregulation and disease. Yet, when we work with nature our bodies have an amazing capacity to heal — to repair, restore, and regenerate. This book tells us how Bioregulatory Medicine uses modern technology to assess which systems are most burdened, acknowledge the wisdom of ancient traditions (e.g., supporting elimination), and embrace new approaches to help bodies gently detoxify, rebuild and self regulate, indeed to heal.
Help Your Body Heal Itself
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My client, a well-respected Macclesfield based Firm, is currently recruiting for an experienced Residential Conveyancer to join the Firms Residential Property Team.
The position will be to join a large and well-established team of 4 Fee Earners and support staff and will include running a caseload from start to finish. There will be around 80-90 files to manage that will consist of various Residential Property matters and the Firm has a new enquiries team to get the ball rolling on any new instructions moving forward and you will also benefit from a shared Assistant.
The ideal Residential Conveyancer does not require you to be a Solicitor although that is preferred, but to be eligible you will need to have a minimum of 3-4 years experience of running your own caseload.
The salary for this Residential Conveyancer role is up to £35,000, with on street parking and a profit share bonus scheme in place.


The penetration, absorption, and availability of light are of great importance in assessing the physico-chemical characteristics of a water mass. Changes in the optical characteristics of water masses may be used to determine the relative influences of anthropogenic or natural impacts on the biological components of coastal system. Coastal waters can vary greatly in their optical water quality and these variations affect photosynthetic compensation depths for phytoplankton and macrophytes and set fundamental limits on the rate of primary production of coastal waters (Gallegos et al., 1990). In optical studies it is necessary to determine both inherent and apparent optical properties; apparent optical latter properties vary in relation to both the content of the water and the ambient light field (Kirk, 1994). Inherent optical properties of coastal waters are affected by optically important variables such as turbidity (tripton), phytoplankton (chlorophylls, carotenoids, biliproteins, etc.), and dissolved organic matter (e.g., gilvin, CDOM) The individual components have an additive effect to the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient Kd(λ)total. That is Kd(λ)total= Kd(λ)water + Kd(λ)phytoplankton + Kd(λ)tripton + Kd(λ)gilvin Kd(λ)total is most readiliy determined by measuring profiles of downwelling, cosine corrected spectral irradiance (Gallegos et al., 1990; Gallegos and Kenworthy, 1996). Partitioning the contributions to Kd(λ)total, especially contributions by pigments and CDOM, can contribute to the development and refinement of algorithms used in remote sensing and bio-optical modeling of coastal waters. The resulting bio-optical models can be used for the purpose of satellite-based monitoring of the efficacy of management activities.
Gallegos, C. L., D. L. Correll, and J. W. Pierce. 1990. Modeling spectral diffuse attenuation, absorption, and scattering coefficients in a turbid estuary. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:1486-1502. Gallegos, C. L and W. J. Kenworthy. 1996. Seagrass depth limits in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.): Application of an optical model. Est. Coastal Shelf Sci. 42:267-288. Kirk, J. T. O. 1994. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. 2nd edition, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 401 pp. McPherson, B. F. and R. L. Miller. 1987. The vertical attenuation of light in Charlotte Harbor, a shallow subtropical estuary, southwestern Florida. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 25:721-737. Mueller, J. L. and R. W. Austin. 1994. Ocean optics protocols for SeaWIFS validation, revision 1. Vol. 25 SeaWIFS Tech. Rept. Ser., NASA Tech. Mem. 104566. 67 pp. Kowalczuk, P., M. J. Durako and W. J. Cooper. Comparison of radiometric qunatities measured in water and above water and derived from SeaWiFS imagery in Onslow Bay and Cape Fear River plume area. Ocean Optics OOXVI. Mallin, M.A., L.B. Cahoon, M.R. McIver, D.C. Parsons and G.C. Shank. 1999a. Alternation of factors limiting phytoplankton production in the Cape Fear Estuary. Estuaries 22: 985-996. Mallin, M.A., M.H. Posey, G.C. Shank, M.R. McIver, S.H. Ensign and T.D. Alphin. 1999b. Hurricane effects on water quality and benthos in the Cape Fear Watershed: Natural and anthropogenic impacts. Ecological Applications 9: 350-362. Roesler, C. S. 1998. Theoretical and experimental approaches to improve the accuracy of particulate absorption coefficients derived from the quantitative filter technique. Limnology and Oceanography 43: 1649-1660. Schwarz, J. N. et al. 2002. Two models of gelstoff absorption. Oceanologia 44(2):209- 241.
Diffuse attenuation coefficient for Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR, 400-700nm) KdPAR: At each sampling station, simultaneous light measurements will be made in the air and in the water using scalar irradiance sensors (LiCor LI-193SA) connected to a LiCor LI-1000 datalogger. A light profile will be determined by lowering the in-water sensor to a series of measurement depths (0.5-1.0 m intervals) and recording average (5-10 sec) scalar irradiance from both sensors. The in-air sensor reading will be used to adjust the in-water readings for changes in the incident irradiance over the course of the profile. KdPAR will be calculated from the slope of the regression of natural log-transformed percentages of surface irradiance (in water PAR:in air PAR) against depth. Downwelling, cosine-corrected, spectral irradiance [Kd(8)] from 200-850nm will be measured using a 200µm optical fiber terminated with a cosine corrector and attached to an Ocean Optics S2000 spectrometer. Spectral irradiance will be determined at a series of measurement depths (0.5-1.0m). Readings will be normalized to the readings from the in-air sensor, natural-log transformed, and regressed against depth to calculate Kd(lambda) (wavelength-specific diffuse attenuation coefficient). Partitioning Kd(lambda): Water samples from discrete depth intervals will be analyzed for total and mineral solids, chlorophyll a, turbidity, and absorption by dissolved and particulate matter. Analyses of raw water versus filtered water samples will be used to separate the contribution to Kd(8) between particulate and dissolved components of the water mass. Total suspended solids (TSS) will be determined by filtering a known volume of water through a tared, precombusted (1 h @ 500 C) Whatman GF/F filter. Concentration of TSS will be determined by weight gain of dried filters and the volume of water filtered. Filters will then be combusted at 500 C for 2h to combust organic matter and reweighed. Mineral TSS will be determined by difference. Turbidity will be determined using YSI field instruments and chlorophyll a will be assessed as below. Absorbance of particulate matter will be determined by illuminating material collected on a GF/F filter with a fibre optic light source and measuring the absorbance spectra normalized with readings from a moistened blank filter. The sample filter will then be soaked in methanol for >1h to extract phytoplankton pigments, and scanned again to estimate absorption by non-algal particulate matter. Absorption will be converted to units of m-1 by multiplying by the area of the filter and dividing by the volume filtered. Absorption by dissolved matter will be measured on water samples filtered through a 0.2µm Nucleopore filter. Absorbance will be read using scanning spectrophotometer in 10 cm cells against distilled water blanks. Absorbance readings will be multiplied by 2.303 to convert to base e and divided by 0.1 (dm m-1).


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Gekko pradapdao is a species of gecko. It is endemic to Thailand.

References

Gekko
Reptiles described in 2021