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Z One and Only
07 November, 2019 2:49 PM
It was 10 years ago today, on Nov. 7, that the mighty Zenyatta put on the show of shows. I am reprinting my recap of that special event in order to relive all the magic and excitement.
On Jan. 13, 2008, John Shirreffs watched his 4-year-old filly Zenyatta win the El Encino Stakes (gr. II) at Santa Anita for her third career victory in as many starts and knew he was witnessing something extraordinary. He leaned back in his seat and turned to his wife, Dottie Ingordo-Shirreffs, who is racing manager for Zenyatta's owners Jerry and Ann Moss, and asked, "Who is ever going to beat her?"
Twenty two months and 11 races later, that question can be answered in two emphatic words: No one.
That's right, no one. A total of 88 opponents have stepped into the starting gate to do battle with Mighty Mare and all have fallen. The latest 11 came in the Nov. 7 Breeders' Cup Classic (gr. I), which carved its own niche not only in Breeders' Cup history, but in the annals of Thoroughbred racing.
With her last to first dash through and around traffic, Zenyatta not only became the first female to win the Classic, she defeated eight grade/group I-winning males, including the winners of the Kentucky Derby, Belmont Stakes, two Travers, Jockey Club Gold Cup, Santa Anita Handicap, Pacific Classic, Arlington Million, Man o' War, Santa Anita Derby, Champion Stakes, Queen Elizabeth II Stakes, Sussex Stakes, Woodford Reserve Turf Classic, and Manhattan Handicap. And she did it in her usual style – bounding past her opponents with gargantuan strides and winning with her ears pricked as if out for a morning's exercise.
The crowd of 58,825, many holding Zenyatta signs, let out a roar that rocked the Santa Anita grandstand to such an extent it could have been felt along the San Andreas Fault. A wave of emotion poured out of the stands. Superlatives flowed, as did tears. Several professional photographers standing outside the winner's circle wept openly. The pursuit of perfection had been completed in resounding fashion.
As a result, Rachel Alexandra no longer sits alone atop racing's throne. The Sport of Kings is now the Sport of Queens, and it is a shame, barring a tie, only one will wear the crown at year's end.
The affection that flowed from the fans not only was directed at Zenyatta, but at Shirreffs, Dottie, the Mosses, and jockey Mike Smith, all of whom are well liked and respected by everyone in the sport. But it was Zenyatta who has danced, strutted, and raced her way into people's hearts.
After the Classic, Patrick Biancone, who trained All Along, one of the rare female Horses of the Year in North America, said, "She is not the Horse of the Year. She is the Horse of the Century."
The greatness of Zenyatta even moved her opponents. "I switched camps at the eighth pole," said Bob Baffert, who saddled Pacific Classic (gr. I) winner Richard's Kid . "When I saw my horse wasn't going to win, I started yelling for Zenyatta. My owner said to me, 'What the heck are you doing?' I have never seen a grandstand like that; nobody wanted to leave. The crowd was captivated. It felt like a horse had just won the Triple Crown. That was incredible; that made the Breeders' Cup. If they don't give her Horse of the Year, or at least co-Horse of the Year with Rachel Alexandra, it would be a travesty. All I know is that I had a bad day, and she made me feel good."
WinStar Farm's Bill Casner, who sent out fifth-place finisher Colonel John, was just as moved as Baffert. He and trainer Eoin Harty stopped by the Director's Room following the race to congratulate the victors. "I've been around horses for 61 years," Casner said. "What I saw today I've never seen a horse do in my life. We witnessed history today."
Harty had a brief moment in the race where he felt he had shot to win. Colonel John was making a run at the leaders, while Zenyatta was still far back after relatively slow early fractions.
"I turned for home and I'm in a spot to win," he said. "Then, all of a sudden I hear the announcer screaming Zenyatta's name and I say 'Zenyatta? The last time I saw her she was behind Mine That Bird in last.' "
But that is the magic of The Great Zenyatta, who appears from out of nowhere quicker than Houdini. And when she does, she is larger than life, leaving hoof prints so deep it will take an eternity to fill them in.
Shirreffs had felt that magic even before his prophetic question following the El Encino Stakes. Six weeks after Zenyatta arrived at his barn from Jeanne Mayberry's farm in Ocala, Fla., he told Dottie, "If I can get her right, she'll be my Michael Jordan."
When Dottie's son, bloodstock agent David Ingordo, saw her at Mayberry's farm, he said to his mother, "Mom, I hope they give this filly a good name." When Dottie asked him why, he replied, "Because she's galloping around twice to everyone else's once, and those are good horses."
It's been three years and Zenyatta is still seemingly "galloping" around twice to everyone else's once.
The big decision leading up to the 2009 Breeders' Cup was whether Zenyatta would take the easier route in the Ladies Classic, a race she won last year, in her quest for perfection or tackle one of the deepest Classic fields ever assembled.
Many speed handicappers felt she was not fast enough for the boys and had little or no chance to win America's richest race, especially in a 13-horse field..
The Mosses and Shirreffs thought long and hard and decided if her final workout at Hollywood Park was satisfactory, they would give her the opportunity to scale Mount Olympus and use her brute strength to break down the gates of the pantheon and join the immortals of the turf.
So, a week before the Breeders' Cup, Zenyatta, with Smith aboard, went out and breezed six furlongs in 1:12 2/5 in company with stablemate Green Cat. Zenyatta's regular exercise rider, Steve Willard, was on Green Cat, who has made a career as the big mare's workmate. As usual, Zenyatta sat several lengths behind Green Cat and then blew by him down the stretch, finishing five lengths in front. In the blink of an eye she was 20 lengths in front galloping out.
"When she comes alongside you she just glides by you in a high lope," Willard said. "I've worked with a lot of good horses, like Alysheba, Gentlemen, Gate Dancer, Dixie Union, and Siphon, but to get on one like her in the twilight of my career, as long in the tooth as I am, is a real blessing."
Following the work, Smith said of running in the Classic, "I believe she can run with anyone and I stand by that. I know if she gets the opportunity to run her race, she's going to be something special to see. I've never gotten to the bottom of her; we don't even know how many gears she has. If she runs in the Classic she's certainly going to have to hit some she's never hit before, but I believe they're there. She's just amazing. When she walks out of the paddock and sees the crowd, she just stands there and lifts her head up, looking like some Roman god."
That work sealed it. Zenyatta would run in the Classic. But it wouldn't be easy. She would have to face top 3-year-olds Summer Bird, winner of the Belmont, Travers, and Jockey Club Gold Cup; Mine That Bird, runaway winner of the Kentucky Derby; Florida Derby winner Quality Road; the Godolphin pair of grade II winners Regal Ransom and Girolamo, and Europe's top male miler Rip Van Winkle, a multiple group I winner who tested superhorse Sea the Stars in the 1 1/4-mile Coral Eclipse Stakes, despite a troubled trip and a hock injury. The older horses consisted of Santa Anita Handicap winner Einstein, the top turf horse in America, Gio Ponti, who had already won over Santa Anita's Pro-Ride surface; Richard's Kid, and Twice Over, winner of Newmarket's Champion Stakes.
The Classic had been on Shirreffs' mind since the beginning of the year. "You have dreams and you have goals, and at that time of the year we just wanted to continue her career rather than retire her. So, back then, the Classic was a dream. Now it's a goal."
Zenyatta has encompassed Shirreffs' and Dottie's life since she began her career in November of her 3-year-old year. When they're not at the barn they watch her from home on closed circuit monitors and dote over her the way they do their 3-year-old poodle Sophie.
The week leading up to the Breeders' Cup, Shirreffs stayed at barn until as late as 7:30 at night just staring intently at Zenyatta, watching for any little deviation from her normal routine. He'd come a long way since having aspirations of being a surf bum in Hawaii after returning from Vietnam. He made it as far as Newport Beach, Cal., having run out of money, and somehow wound up at Coon's Creek Ranch, herding cattle and playing cowboy. After he moved on and helped teach an appaloosa how to jump, it rekindled his childhood interest in horses, having worked at a Long Island livery stable. Hawaii quickly became a distant memory. A brief job breaking horses and living under primitive conditions in a cow camp in the boonies, 50 miles from the nearest paved road, eventually led him to Thoroughbreds.
"You never know what paths you're going to take," Shirreffs said. "It doesn't matter if you're training racehorses or breaking horses in Nevada, it's still working with horses."
And no one works with horses quite like Shirreffs, and no one knows a horse the way Sherriffs knows Zenyatta.
"We've been around her since she was purchased as a yearling, monitoring her every move," Dottie said. "It's been very special to watch her develop and emerge as the horse she is. It's truly a gift and in so many ways an honor. She has made so many fans. At Del Mar this year for the Clement Hirsch (gr. I), people were lined up around the paddock a half-hour before the horses arrived to get a good spot. Many were wearing green and pink (the Mosses' colors) and women had their fingernails painted in green and pink with 'Zenyatta' written on them. When she arrived everyone started cheering and screaming. Mike said it was like being at the Derby. Every level for six floors was packed. People stop us is restaurants all the time to offer their opinions or talk about Zenyatta. How fortunate we are to be the guardian for such an incredible horse who people adore."
Zenyatta has as many as 14 people work with her in a single day. Shirreffs has one person hold her while she's being shod because he has steady hands. He has another person hold her for the vet, another who walks her, another who gallops her, and full-time security at the barn, just to name a few. As Dottie says, "She's worth every bit of it."
And then there is groom Mario Espinoza, who also takes care of Life is Sweet, winner of the Ladies Classic (gr. I) the previous day. Shirreffs enjoys showing off a photo on his laptop of Zenyatta's first groom, Gus Adair, lying down in Zenyatta's stall massaging her tendons with oil extracted from an aloe vera plant Shirreffs has outside the barn, with the big mare stretched out on her side next to him.
Shirreffs keeps extensive files of photos and video of his horses and daily routine on his computer. One that has to be seen on YouTube is of Mike Smith working Zenyatta, while wearing a mini-camera atop his helmet. Hop aboard the towering mare and enjoy the thrill ride. See how far you are off the ground. Feel the power beneath you and Zenyatta's mane blowing in your face. Look off to the left and see her shadow running alongside you. Watch her workmate in front of you getting larger and larger as Zenyatta's massive strides convince you you're gliding over the track without touching it. The ocean breezes at first caress you, but then take your breath away as Zenyatta builds up speed. And finally, feel the numbness in your arms trying to pull her up after the work.
Zenyatta in her own way also does a great deal of charity work for cancer through sales of souvenir items. "She's worn many things and they all go to charity," Dottie said. "She's gone through a lot of shoes, because of all the dancing and strutting she does. She's tough on her shoes, so we're changing them all the time. We've also donated a number of her halters."
As the Breeders' Cup approached, Smith's confidence grew. Baffert recalled being at a recent dinner party with Smith and kidding him about the Classic. "He told me if she goes in the Classic, she's not only going to win, she's going to win with her ears pricked," Baffert said. "He had been drinking some of his own wine and I said to him, 'I need some of that wine to give my jockey.'"
Zenyatta was vanned to Santa Anita from Hollywood Park the Wednesday before the Classic. As she stepped off the van, Willard announced, "Here comes the chosen one." The second Zenyatta ambled into the barn a chorus of whinnies erupted, as if acknowledging the Queen's arrival.
Aidan O'Brien, trainer of Rip Van Winkle, made an appearance that morning and was asked about the decision to run Zenyatta in the Classic. "I think it was a bad decision," he said with a smile on his face. "I think she should be running against the mares and I wish she was. But it is great for the race."
Shirreffs got Breeders' Cup weekend off to a rousing start on Friday when he won the Ladies Classic with Pam and Marty Wygod's Life is Sweet, who has been futilely chasing Zenyatta all year.
As much as ESPN tried they could not get Shirreffs to join in the winner's circle photo. Despite all the coaxing and pleading, he remained on the track. In his mind, there was unfinished business and it was too early to celebrate. "We still have work to do," he said to a disheartened ESPN producer.
That work came the following day. By the time the Classic had arrived, Europe was on the verge of completing another successful assault on the Breeders' Cup, winning (on Saturday alone) the Juvenile Turf with England's Pounced, the Grey Goose Juvenile (gr. I) with Godolphin's 30-1 shot Vale of York, followed by repeat victories by France's Goldikova in the TVG Mile (gr. IT) and England's Conduit in the Emirates Airline Turf (gr. IT). Now, Rip Van Winkle and Twice Over were ready to apply the coup de grace.
Zenyatta was sent off as the 5-2 favorite by her adoring fans. Rip Van Winkle was second choice at 3-1, followed by Summer Bird at 6-1. The start was delayed when Quality Road, who has a notorious history at the starting gate, acted up badly, lashing out violently with his hind legs and refusing to go in. After getting partially in with the aid of a blindfold, Quality Road completely lost his composure and banged the gate with such force he suffered cuts on his hock that forced the attending vet to scratch him.
After reloading, the start was clean, with Zenyatta breaking a step slowly, winding up last, right behind Mine That Bird. Regal Ransom, as expected went to the lead, setting a moderate pace of :24.16, :47.88, and 1:11.88. After a half mile, Zenyatta was a dozen lengths off the lead. Rip Van Winkle was right in behind Regal Ransom, with Colonel John alongside him. Einstein and Girolamo were heads apart in fourth and fifth, respectively. Summer Bird and Twice Over were running strongly and began to close in around the far turn, with Zenyatta still far back and beginning to make her run, as Smith decided to look for an inside route this time.
"At the half-mile pole, I thought 'Oh God, they're stacked up. There's no way I'm going to get around all these horses," he said. "I was looking for a way to split them."
Nearing the top of the stretch, Regal Ransom still held a clear lead, but Colonel John and Twice Over had him measured once they turned for home. Einstein dropped out of it after having to steady briefly behind a tiring Rip Van Winkle. Summer Bird was moving strongly into contention, with Gio Ponti , who had been saving ground throughout, rallying fastest of all after splitting horses. Zenyatta was following Gio Ponti and briefly looked to be in danger of getting bottled up behind him.
Passing the eighth pole, Gio Ponti struck the front. Colonel John and Summer Bird were trying to close in, but it was Twice Over who was the main danger on the outside. At that point, Smith saw a seam and steered Zenyatta to the outside. In a flash, the big mare was out in her favorite path and beginning her patented charge, which brought a deafening roar from the crowd. Gio Ponti was running a winning race down on the inside, drawing off from the others, but Zenyatta, with those long, effortless strides cruised by him inside the final sixteenth, hitting the wire a length in front in 2:00.62 for the 1 1/4 miles. It took an extraordinary effort to run down Gio Ponti, and Zenyatta had to put in a sensational closing quarter in :23 flat in order to do it.
The sight of her gobbling up ground with seemingly little effort will forever be etched in time. And it mattered little that the victory was accomplished on a synthetic surface, for Zenyatta's victories have transcended synthetic surfaces.
Twice Over ran on well to finish third, three-quarters of a length ahead of Summer Bird. In the final furlong, Zenyatta might just as well have been running against Lethal Heat, Anabaa's Creation, Briecat or any of the other fillies and mares she has dominated over the past two years. Male or female, it doesn't matter. We learned in the Classic she treats both with the same disdain. Behind her likely were at least three future champions – Summer Bird (3-year-old male), Gio Ponti (male turf horse), and Rip Van Winkle (top miler in England), and it is conceivable Gio Ponti could also be voted champion older male, as could Einstein with a rebound victory in the Clark Handicap (gr. II).
Smith said of the finish: "Believe it or not, she was well within herself, still pricking her ears, and didn't even take a deep breath after the race was over. It's just incredible."
Zenyatta had become the richest North American-based female in history with earnings of $5,474,580 and the first horse to win two different Breeders' Cup races.
People began running out onto the track. There were hugs and kisses and tears and plenty of high-fives and fist pumping. Everyone just felt privileged to be part of it and they all stood to greet Zenyatta with a rousing ovation. A moment like this, along with the scene at Saratoga after Rachel Alexandra's victory in the Woodward Stakes (gr. I) , stamped 2009 as one the most memorable years in Thoroughbred racing history.
Willard watched the race with David Ingordo and said, "When it was over I yelled to David, 'We won!' His legs buckled and he had to lean against the railing."
Shirreffs by now was overcome with emotion. Immediately following the race, he removed his familiar "Mill Ridge" hat and flung it into the crowd. "She is just something," he said, wearing a perpetual grin while waiting for Zenyatta to return. "There are tears coming down my eyes. I can't believe it. Down that lane she just lengthened and lengthened. It's great that people from all over the country finally were able to see her in person. They love her. It was an unbelievably emotional experience to have her do this."
The Mosses had made the right decision after all. "We're over the moon," Jerry Moss said. "What can I say? I had all kinds of opinions on whether we did the right thing or not. We knew we wanted to do this for her to prove she deserved this chance. She just performed so beautifully. The fact that she's back home and safe, and she's got an unbeaten record to go into the history books, we couldn't be happier. We're just so proud of her. It was an emotional and wonderful experience."
Ann added, "Every moment with her is just a pleasure. And she's so feminine. She's just dancing and strutting and enjoying her beautiful, majestic self. And that's a gift."
Christophe Clement, trainer of Gio Ponti, said his horse ran a great race and was happy with his decision to run in the Classic instead of the Turf. "I'm thrilled with his race," he said. "But what can I say? She's a freak."
Saeed bin Suroor, trainer of Regal Ransom and Girolamo, said, "She's a different class. By far. By millions."
Following the post race interviews, Shirreffs was mobbed by autograph seekers, spending a good 15 minutes signing posters and programs and talking to the people. At one point, Dottie received a text message from their friend, motion picture producer, director, and screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz, who said, "Tell John watching him train horses is like watching Picasso and Rembrandt paint."
It wasn't until Ann Moss hugged and kissed Shirreffs while waiting for the elevator to the Director's Room that she let out her emotions, bursting into tears while still tightly clutching Shirreffs in her arms. In the quiet of the elevator, Jerry Moss finally was able to take a deep breath. All he could say was, "Wow…just wow."
After arriving in the Director's Room, Jerry did some heavy reflecting. "It's all about experiencing life," he said. "That's why I picked the music business; it got to me. A performance like we just saw under any circumstances at any level is the greatest experience in life, because you feel more alive than you can possibly ever feel. It's so emotional to be around an animal that gives you that feeling."
By the time Smith showed up, he had reached his limit of 127 text messages. All the parties involved then held up their glass of champagne and a toast was made: "To the courage to run her against the best in the world."
John and Dottie then headed back to barn in front of the dimly lit grandstand. It was dark by now, and all that remained was the litter scattered about the apron and grandstand, and of course the memories that will linger here for a long time. "It's so hard to put it into words," Dottie said. "We've been around amazing horses, but this is in another stratosphere."
After a brief stop home, John and Dottie headed to a local steak house to meet up with the Mosses, Mike Smith, and David Ingordo for dinner. With them came Zenyatta's saddle towel, which Jerry Moss and then others draped over their head and shoulders. Then, of course, came the toasts to the Queen. It was the perfect ending to a magical day.
So, Zenyatta has run her last race. It was a finale any diva would be jealous of. Dottie and John don't even want to think about life without Zenyatta. When asked about it, all Dottie could muster up was an "Ugh. I don't even want to think about it."
What else can be said about this remarkable mare and her history-making performance in the Classic?
Perhaps she can best be described by a simple exchange. Following her final work at Hollywood Park, an elderly racetrack veteran, Rich Burleson, who sells stall mats, came over to Dottie and said, "She sends chills down your spine." Dottie replied: "Like John always says, 'You have to experience Zenyatta.' "
As anyone in attendance at Santa Anita on Nov. 7 will attest, it's an experience to remember.
In her final work at Hollywood Park, Zenyatta takes off after her workmate.
Zenyatta arrives at Santa Anita
Zenyatta is dead last passing the wire the first time.
Zenyatta in all her magnificence.
John Shirreffs signs autographs after the race.
Jerry and Ann Moss celebrate with Zenyatta's saddlecloth.
Mike Smith and Shirreffs toast Zenyatta.
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The writings of Oliver Wendell...
The writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 1809-1894.
Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-95]
[Riverside ed.
Oliver Wendell Holmes : representative selections /
by: Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 1809-1894.
The poetical works of Oliver Wendell Holmes.
The complete poetical works of Oliver Wendell Holmes.
The psychiatric novels of Oliver Wendell Holmes; abridgment, introduction, and psychiatric annotations, /
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes : his book notices and uncollected letters and papers /
Oliver Wendell Holmes.
by: Small, Miriam Rossiter.
Oliver Wendell Holmes an appreciation /
by: Schroeder, William Lawrence.
Oliver Wendell Holmes poet, littérateur, scientist /
by: Kennedy, William Sloane, 1850-1929.
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes;
by: Bent, Silas, 1882-1945.
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes /
by: Howe, Mark De Wolfe, 1906-1967.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. /
by: Burton, David Henry, 1925-
Oliver Wendell Holmes the autocrat and his fellow-boarders /
by: Crothers, Samuel McChord, 1857-1927.
The judicial opinions of Oliver Wendell Holmes : constitutional opinions, selected excerpts and epigrams as given in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (1883-1902) /
Oliver Wendell Holmes : the autocrat and his fellow-boarders, with selected poems /
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes law and the inner self /
by: White, G. Edward.
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes : law and the inner self /
Oliver Wendell Holmes and the culture of conversation /
by: Gibian, Peter, 1952-
The imaginative prose of Oliver Wendell Holmes
by: Weinstein, Michael A.
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes & utilitarian jurisprudence /
by: Pohlman, H. L., 1952-
Oliver Wendell Holmes in Paris : medicine, theology, and the Autocrat of the breakfast table /
by: Dowling, William C.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.--soldier, scholar, judge /
by: Aichele, Gary Jan.
The essential Holmes : selections from the letters, speeches, judicial opinions, and other writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. /
The collected works of Justice Holmes : complete public writings and selected judicial opinions of Oliver Wendell Holmes /
An address by Rev. Henry Neill, and a poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes delivered at the dedication of the Pittsfield (Rural) Cemetery, September 9th, 1850 : with other matter, and a map of the grounds /
Holmes-Pollock letters : the correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Sir Frederick Pollock, 1874-1932 /
Touched with fire; Civil War letters and diary of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., 1861-1864.
The mind and faith of Justice Holmes; his speeches, essays, letters, and judicial opinions.
The mind and faith of Justice Holmes : his speeches, essays, letters and judicial opinions /
The selected poems of Wendell Berry
by: Berry, Wendell, 1934-
This is Wendell Willkie : a collection of speeches and writings on present-day issues /
by: Willkie, Wendell L. 1892-1944.
Barrett Wendell /
by: Self, Robert T.
Wendell the book /
by: Cantwell, Robert, 1945-
Wendell Berry /
by: Angyal, Andrew J.
Wendell Phillips the agitator /
by: Martyn, W. Carlos 1841-1917.
Wendell Willkie : Hoosier internationalist /
Wendell Berry : life and work /
Wendell Phillips : orator and agitator /
by: Sears, Lorenzo, 1838-1916,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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NDAA's indefinite detention without trial returns
Sen. Feinstein tried to make it so the government couldn't detain US citizens without trial. It didn't work
Check out this article! https://www.salon.com/2012/12/19/ndaas_indefinite_detention_without_trial_returns/
Zachary Bell
December 20, 2012 4:16AM (UTC)
On Tuesday, Congress dropped an amendment from the National Defense Authorization Act for 2013 that was designed to protect American citizens from indefinite detention by the military without trial or charge.
The stripped amendment, authored by Sen. Diane Feinstein, D-Calif., had been added to the defense spending bill two weeks ago. Human rights advocates viewed it as a check on the government's current authority to indefinitely detain--without habeas corpus or due process--American citizens who commit a "belligerent act" against the United States until the period of hostilities ends.
When President Obama signed the 2012 NDAA into law on December 31, 2011, he condemned the powers given to him under the controversial section 1021:
[M]y Administration will not authorize the indefinite military detention without trial of American citizens. Indeed, I believe that doing so would break with our most important traditions and values as a Nation. My Administration will interpret section 1021 in a manner that ensures that any detention it authorizes complies with the Constitution, the laws of war, and all other applicable law.
However, since then his administration has defended the authority granted by section 1021, even when a U.S. district judge ruled it unconstitutional. The judge found that it left intellectuals, activists, and journalists vulnerable to detention for exercising First Amendment rights.
In late November, Sen. Feinstein's amendment, co-sponsored by Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, and Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., passed the Senate 67-29 with the support of 20 Republicans. The amendment stated that:
An authorization to use military force, a declaration of war or any similar authority shall not authorize the detention without charge or trial of a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States apprehended in the United States, unless an Act of Congress expressly authorizes such detention.
On Tuesday, Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl Levin, D-Mich., reported that participants in the House-Senate conference on the bill decided to drop the amendment. "Basically, I won't interpret that any further," Levin told Politico.
MORE FROM Zachary Bell
Indefinite Detention Ndaa Senator Carl Levin Senator Diane Feinstein Torture
Democrats must act before it's too late
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Normanhurst
Normanhurst is a large private house, formerly in use as a residential care home, in Christ Church Road on the corner of Eldorado Road.
I don't know very much about this beautiful Gothic-inspired house except that it was built in 1882 by a family called Smith.
Between 1933 and 1979 it was the home of a fearsome lady magistrate, Stella Louise Ingram.
What makes this house extraordinary, as you can see, is the elaborate arrangement of oddly shaped gables and the spectacular array of figures and esoteric symbols carved in local Cotswold stone, cluttered and overwhelming but the work of a stone-carving genius. Sunbursts, lion-heads, leaves, flowers, horned shapes, animals and birds adorn every window frame and sticky-outy bit, orderly but asymmetrical, immaculately chiselled from an amazingly fertile imagination.
Around the side of the house which overlooks Eldorado Road is a series of jack-in-the-green faces. The design is more restrained along this side and the gables have simple clean lines, but the craftsmanship is equally impressive.
Normanhurst is completely unlike any of the other houses in Christ Church Road, solidly chunky brick-built villas being the norm here. But round the corner in Queen's Road you can find a row of six villas which may have been worked on by the same craftsman. The houses themselves are nothing like Normanhurst, but above their doors they have panels of carvings (all different) which show a similar menagerie of animals and birds.
The only other place in Cheltenham I know of with similarly eccentric critter carvings (in a much less ostentatious setting) is the west side of Wellington Square, which again has a range of different animals in odd places but is a few years older, completed in 1859. Whether there's any connection I don't know.
Green man faces on gables on the north side.
Tags: carvings, Cheltenham, Christ Church Road, Eldorado Road, green man, jack-in-the-green, Normanhurst
Categories : architecture, Lansdown
This is an L-shaped residential street taking in a chunk of land between Queen's Road and Christ Church Road, round the back of Cypher's Exotic Nursery. The first houses in Eldorado Road were built in 1894 and development continued up to about 1905. It remains today what it was then, a luxurious leafy street of large comfortable villas. Some are of Edwardian red brick, some are rendered, but all are beautiful and sturdily built. The adjoining Eldorado Crescent, a loop on the northern end of the road, was built at approximately the same time on what had previously been the fields of Christ Church Farm (now playing fields).
Blue skies and Regency villas were meant for each other. Another fine house at the Christ Church Road end.
A house called Coniston was the home of Dr and Mrs Layng whose son George was killed on the Somme in 1916.
The humblest building in Eldorado Road is a single-storey outbuilding which was formerly a vet's surgery under the glorious name of Peter Chew Associates. Following Mr Chew's retirement it was renamed Honeybourne, after the disused railway it backs onto. As its reputation and need for facilities grew it moved to much larger premises in nearby Overton Park Road.
There's also a row of sturdy red brick villas backing onto the old Honeybourne railway line. Below is the porch of one of them, still with its original stained glass door and wooden eaves.
At the Christ Church Road end is a house which looks significantly different from the others. Built of Cotswold stone and smattered with pointed gables, Normanhurst is a Victorian Gothic treasure dating from 1882. It actually fronts onto Christ Church Road but its side and garden runs along Eldorado Road. This building's frontage is packed with carved curiosities but on this side the design is more restrained and the main features are a series of jack-in-the-green faces carved into the gables. They are all different; this one has the leaves sprouting out of his mouth (and eyebrows) in typical green man style but the others have leafy moustaches.
Tags: Cheltenham, Christ Church Road, Cypher's Nursery, Eldorado Crescent, Eldorado Road, green man, jack-in-the-green, Normanhurst
Categories : Lansdown


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text:
Q: Extract image url associated to a category I found a function that allows me to attach a category to an image in media uploader
function add_categories_to_attachments() {
      register_taxonomy_for_object_type( 'category', 'attachment' );
}
add_action( 'init' , 'add_categories_to_attachments' );

I'd like to be able to, when I'm in the category I assigned the image to, get the url of the image.
I just need to find out how to extract the info about the image associated with that category.
I should be able to do that via taxonomies, but I don't know how to achieve that.
EDIT: I forgot to add that I'm working outside of the loop, I need to show this image in the breadcrumbs of the category view.

A: I found what I needed:
$category = get_category( get_query_var( 'cat' ) );
$cat_id = $category->cat_ID;

$images = get_posts( array('post_type' => 'attachment', 'category__in' => $cat_id));

if ( !empty($images) ) {
    foreach ( $images as $image ) {
        $image_url = $image->guid;
    }
} else{
    $image_url = '';
}

First I got the category, and current category ID I'm in. Then in $images I got the attachment that's attached to this category. Then I just listed them (I used print_r to see all the array values fro $images) and found the url (I need the url of the image to set the background image in the breadcrumbs). You can get the image directly by using wp_get_attachment_image($image->ID), but I need the url so I'm using this.
Oh and I'm avoiding the plugin usage, since I'm building a theme, and I'd like everything to be available from the theme itself.
Hope this helps someone :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


More and more users work with Memcached so as to raise database performance. What actually is Memcached?
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text:
Squad size: 26
Foreigners: 20 76.9 %
National team players: 9
Stadium: Philips Stadion 35.000 Seats
Current transfer record: +€37.37m
League level: First Tier
Table position: 1
In league since: 66 years
Total market value
PSV Eindhoven Amateurs
PSV Eindhoven U21
PSV U18
PSV Eindhoven UEFA U19
PSV Eindhoven Youth
Information & facts
Filter by season
21/22 20/21 19/20 18/19 17/18 16/17 15/16 14/15 13/14 12/13 11/12 10/11 09/10 08/09 07/08 06/07 05/06 04/05 03/04 02/03 01/02 00/01 99/00 98/99 97/98 96/97 95/96 94/95 93/94 92/93 91/92 90/91 89/90 88/89 87/88 86/87 85/86 84/85 83/84 82/83 81/82 80/81 79/80 78/79 77/78 76/77 75/76 74/75 73/74 72/73 71/72 70/71 69/70 68/69 67/68 66/67 65/66 64/65 63/64 62/63 61/62 60/61 59/60 58/59 57/58 56/57 55/56 54/55 53/54 52/53 51/52 50/51 49/50 48/49 47/48 46/47 45/46 44/45
W	 H A H H H A H A H A H
D	 A A
L	 A A
Performance chart Eredivisie 21/22
Record Eredivisie 21/22
ø pts
ø spectators
Home record 9 8 - 1 2.67 27:12 18.311
Away record 10 7 1 2 2.20 20:12 10.532
Overall balance 19 15 1 3 2.42 47:24 14.217
System of play
Group B Thu Sep 16, 2021 9:00 PM H Real Sociedad 4-3-3 Defending 23.135 2:2
Group B Thu Sep 30, 2021 6:45 PM A Sturm Graz 4-3-3 Defending 15.026 1:4
Group B Thu Oct 21, 2021 9:00 PM H Monaco 4-3-3 Defending 33.000 1:2
Group B Thu Nov 4, 2021 6:45 PM A Monaco 4-4-2 double 6 5.840 0:0
Group B Thu Nov 25, 2021 9:00 PM H Sturm Graz 4-3-3 Defending x 2:0
Group B Thu Dec 9, 2021 6:45 PM A Real Sociedad 4-3-3 Defending 24.940 3:0
intermediate stage 1st leg Thu Feb 17, 2022 9:00 PM H M. Tel Aviv -:-
intermediate stage 2nd leg Thu Feb 24, 2022 6:45 PM A M. Tel Aviv -:-
UEFA Champions League Qualifying
Second Round 1st leg Wed Jul 21, 2021 9:00 PM H Galatasaray 4-3-3 Defending 23.500 5:1
Second Round 2nd leg Wed Jul 28, 2021 8:00 PM A Galatasaray 4-3-3 Defending 5.775 1:2
3rd round 1st leg Tue Aug 3, 2021 8:00 PM H FC Midtjylland 4-3-3 Defending 23.500 3:0
3rd round 2nd leg Tue Aug 10, 2021 8:00 PM A FC Midtjylland 4-3-3 Defending 6.288 0:1
Qualifying Round 1st leg Wed Aug 18, 2021 9:00 PM A Benfica 4-3-3 Defending 18.199 2:1
Qualifying Round 2nd leg Tue Aug 24, 2021 9:00 PM H Benfica 4-3-3 Defending 21.855 0:0
1 Sat Aug 14, 2021 6:45 PM A (1.) Heracles Almelo (12.) 4-3-3 Defending 8.053 0:2
2 Sat Aug 21, 2021 8:00 PM H (4.) SC Cambuur (10.) 4-3-3 Defending 23.500 4:1
3 Sat Aug 28, 2021 8:00 PM H (2.) FC Groningen (6.) 4-3-3 Defending 23.447 5:2
4 Sat Sep 11, 2021 9:00 PM A (1.) AZ Alkmaar (5.) 4-3-3 Defending 13.000 0:3
5 Sun Sep 19, 2021 2:30 PM H (1.) Feyenoord (3.) 4-3-3 Defending 24.356 0:4
6 Wed Sep 22, 2021 6:45 PM A (3.) Go Ahead Eagles (10.) 4-3-3 Defending 6.650 1:2
7 Sat Sep 25, 2021 4:30 PM A (3.) Willem II (4.) 4-3-3 Defending 14.503 2:1
8 Sun Oct 3, 2021 8:00 PM H (4.) Sparta R. (13.) 4-3-3 Defending 30.500 2:1
9 Sat Oct 16, 2021 9:00 PM H (3.) PEC Zwolle (18.) 4-3-3 Defending 30.500 3:1
10 Sun Oct 24, 2021 4:45 PM A (2.) Ajax (1.) 4-4-2 double 6 53.585 5:0
11 Sat Oct 30, 2021 4:30 PM H (3.) Twente FC (8.) 4-3-3 Defending 32.500 5:2
12 Sun Nov 7, 2021 2:30 PM A (3.) Fortuna Sittard (16.) 4-4-2 double 6 9.527 1:4
13 Sat Nov 20, 2021 4:30 PM H (3.) Vitesse (5.) 4-3-3 Defending x 2:0
14 Sun Nov 28, 2021 4:45 PM A (3.) Heerenveen (11.) 4-3-3 Defending x 1:1
15 Sat Dec 4, 2021 4:30 PM H (3.) FC Utrecht (4.) 4-3-3 Defending x 4:1
16 Sun Dec 12, 2021 8:00 PM A (3.) NEC Nijmegen (11.) 4-3-3 Defending x 1:2
17 Sun Dec 19, 2021 4:45 PM A (1.) RKC Waalwijk (14.) 4-3-3 Defending x 1:4
18 Thu Dec 23, 2021 6:45 PM H (1.) Go Ahead Eagles (11.) 4-3-3 Defending x 2:0
19 Sun Jan 16, 2022 2:30 PM A (1.) FC Groningen (12.) 4-3-3 Defending x 0:1
20 Sun Jan 23, 2022 2:30 PM H (1.) Ajax (2.) -:-
21 Sat Feb 5, 2022 8:00 PM H AZ Alkmaar -:-
22 Sat Feb 12, 2022 8:00 PM A Vitesse -:-
23 Sun Feb 20, 2022 4:45 PM H Heerenveen -:-
24 Sun Feb 27, 2022 2:30 PM A Sparta R. -:-
25 Sat Mar 5, 2022 4:30 PM H Heracles Almelo -:-
26 Sun Mar 13, 2022 2:30 PM A FC Utrecht -:-
27 Sun Mar 20, 2022 4:45 PM H Fortuna Sittard -:-
28 Sat Apr 2, 2022 6:45 PM A Twente FC -:-
29 Sun Apr 10, 2022 2:30 PM H RKC Waalwijk -:-
30 Sat Apr 23, 2022 9:00 PM A SC Cambuur -:-
31 Sun May 1, 2022 2:30 PM H Willem II -:-
32 Sun May 8, 2022 2:30 PM A Feyenoord -:-
33 Wed May 11, 2022 8:00 PM H NEC Nijmegen -:-
34 Sun May 15, 2022 2:30 PM A PEC Zwolle -:-
Second Round Wed Dec 15, 2021 9:00 PM H Fortuna Sittard 4-3-3 Defending x 2:0
Third Round Thu Jan 20, 2022 6:45 PM H Telstar 4-3-3 Defending 2:1
Final Sat Aug 7, 2021 8:00 PM A Ajax 4-2-3-1 25.000 0:4
Table section Eredivisie 21/22
1 PSV Eindhoven	 19 23 46
2 Ajax	 19 55 45
3 Feyenoord	 19 24 39
4 Vitesse	 19 1 36
5 AZ Alkmaar	 19 13 35
6 Twente FC	 19 8 35
7 FC Utrecht	 19 7 29
To complete table
Eredivisie - 20. Matchday
Sun, Jan 23, 2022 - 2:30 PM hours
1 . Table position


text:
Q: Are there limits on the size of file that can be compiled in Visual Studio C? I am working on a C# program that produces a very large piece of C code. It produces a .c file and accompanying header file. On a very basic level, the program accepts a string from the user, then compares it to thousands of other strings that have been placed in the header file during autogen.
The header file contains over 800k lines of code and the .c file contains around 300k. As you can imagine, these are very large files. Now, I realise that having such a large file is bad coding practice. The best thing would be to break this file down into smaller files and compile it that way, but can we assume that this two file structure is necessary for how my project will be used in the grand scheme of things.
With that in mind, I'm having trouble compiling this program in the Visual Studio IDE and with the command line. Infact, that's not entirely true. It appears to compile okay each time I try it with either method (admittedly it takes a while). However, when I come to run the program, problems develop. It reaches the input loop just fine, but after accepting user input, the program crashes with the following error:
"Unhandled exception at 0x008105f9 in Prototype.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0x00000000."
I'm fairly sure this is not my code causing the problem. I have run a version of this code generated in debug mode which is a lot smaller and it runs fine. The only difference is the volume of strings that have been written to the header file by the C# program. The size of the smaller files are 14k and 5k lines respectively. Also, the IDE does not allow me to use breakpoints to debug after compiling and running with the full sized code, whereas my smaller code does.
My question would be this: Is there any limit or issue that the C language or the Visual Studio compiler has with single large files that would be causing the error above? If so, is there any way to circumvent this limit while retaining my two-file structure? I have tried increasing heap and stack sizes to 4mb in the properties dialouge, but this does not help.
I realise that this is an abnormal way to produce and run code, but I would be appreciative of any advice.

A:
I realise that having such a large file is bad coding practice

No, it is not.
Having a file with LOGIC that is MANUALL MAINTAINED like that is bad practice.
Having a hugh file of constants is ARGUABLE,
but having a generated file like that does not show up on coding practices BECAUSE YOU DO NOT CODE IT. You generate it.
There are good points in having few files for generated code, such as ease of generation. VS.ENT does that iteself - EntityFramework etc. generate ONE cs file with tons of classes, all from one input model.

Is there any limit or issue that the C language or the Visual Studio compiler has with single arge
  files that would be causing the error above?

Nothing documented. You likely run into a bug few people ever see. I fear you are in for a rewrite OR - a PSS Support case (Microsoft Support Services), which likely is free if you found a compiler bug.
Alternatively it MAY be your code - if your debug cases are a lot smaller, it may be your code produces an error with the full data set, which IS more likely than a compiler issue.
I would suggest you make a debug run with the FULL files, not a small set. The debugger may point you to a surprising location.


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GB/T 7714 鲁佳雄,郭文超,朱丽得孜?艾山,等. 新疆马铃薯叶甲发生地寄生蜂资源调查研究/Primary Investigation of Parasitoid Wasps Resources in Farmlands in Xinjiang Where the Colorado Potato Beetle breaKs out[J][J]. 新疆农业科学,2015,2:229-234.
APA 鲁佳雄.,郭文超.,朱丽得孜?艾山.,林思雨.,李晓.,...&新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,乌鲁木齐,830091.(2015).新疆马铃薯叶甲发生地寄生蜂资源调查研究/Primary Investigation of Parasitoid Wasps Resources in Farmlands in Xinjiang Where the Colorado Potato Beetle breaKs out[J].新疆农业科学,2,229-234.
MLA 鲁佳雄,et al."新疆马铃薯叶甲发生地寄生蜂资源调查研究/Primary Investigation of Parasitoid Wasps Resources in Farmlands in Xinjiang Where the Colorado Potato Beetle breaKs out[J]".新疆农业科学 2(2015):229-234.


text:
Next"To live fearless and free": Kashmiri Girl Defiantly Pursues Cricketing Dreams
No Cards
Sarpanch Pati: The Roadblock to Women's Political Participation
43-year-old Sunita Kasera is the only female member of the 150 member strong Karauli Press Union in Rajasthan. Sunita feels that Karauli is a backward district that offers little opportunity to local residents. Although Sunita completed her graduation from Jaipur University, after marriage, her in-laws insisted she stay at home. In her spare time, Sunita joined an NGO, Sathya Naval Development, that helps provide access to basic human rights to rural communities in Rajasthan. She learned about Video Volunteers from Sathya and joined as a community correspondent in 2010. Sunita has made videos on issues ranging from discrimination against widows…
Twenty-five years after women were given 33% reservation in local self-governance bodies, many women sarpanchs remain faceless wives and daughters-in-law.
Rekha is one of Rajasthan's 8270 sarpanchs or village heads. She was elected from a group of villages with a total population of around 5000 people. Seema is a sarpanch from the neighbouring village of Bugdaar, with more or less the same population under her. Both women contested and won from constituencies reserved for women under the Constitution 74th Amendment Act which guarantees 33% reservation for women to promote women's political participation in Panchayati Raj Institutions.
Community Correspondent Sunita Kasera visits Rekha and Seema and asks them about their decision to contest, their everyday duties as sarpanch and the difficulties that they face in carrying them out. Sunita's camera follows the women as they work in their homes and in the fields, cooking for their families and tending to the crops. Her camera also follows the men in the two families, seen with books and papers, sitting on chairs while the women sit on the floor with their faces covered with a veil.
"My husband said that I must contest. Initially, I hesitated but I contested because I am educated also", explains Rekha. Seema, too, was asked to contest by her husband and father-in-law. Both women have been educated until the 10th grade.
"The men in their marital families tell them to contest and then disallow them from carrying out most duties."
"I met eight women sarpanchs around my village, and all of them have similar stories. The men in their marital families tell them to contest and then disallow them from carrying out most duties that require meeting people in the village and especially, senior officials", says Sunita.
The phenomenon of sarpanch patis or husbands who wield control in panchayats by making their wives contest is neither new nor rare. Even the Prime Minister has taken cognizance of the problem and identified it as a hurdle to women's progress. In a case in Ratlam in Madhya Pradesh, a man even had a 'power of attorney' document which gave him the right to take decisions in place of the elected woman sarpanch whose election expenses he had purportedly paid for. A woman sarpanch from Odisha also 'authorised' her husband to carry out her duties as sarpanch saying that she did not do it under pressure but citing domestic responsibilities.
Posters campaigning for women candidates in Kerala. Source: TheNewsMinute.
Sunita asked the husbands of Rekha and Seema why their wives were allowed to do little besides attending some meetings. "They said that the women wouldn't understand much about public affairs," says Sunita, who then asked the women the same question.
Initially, both Rekha and Seema try to avoid answering but when Sunita asks them whether they are capable of managing things on their own or not, Rekha's answer is a confident yes. Why do the women not carry out their duties on their own, then?
"I have been elected sarpanch for five years, I was a daughter-in-law before this and will be a daughter-in-law even after my term."
"I have been elected sarpanch for five years, I was a daughter-in-law before this and will be a daughter-in-law even after my term. I wear a veil now and I will have to wear a veil even after five years," says Rekha. Seema, explaining why she does not go to meetings alone or to oversee the work at MNREGA sites, also brings up the compulsion to wear the veil. The veil, when imposed on women, severely hinders their public participation. Both Rekha and Seema are well aware of this, and of their positions as daughters-in-law who are primarily expected to play domestic roles.
Rekha and Seema belong to the same state as India's most celebrated woman sarpanch, Chhavi Rajawat. Rajasthan has also been in the news for its good performance in local self-governance for the past few years. In 2010, women in the state won almost 53 percent of the total seats in the elections for 9,862 panchayats, including 465 unreserved seats.
Faceless women contesting college elections. Source: TheNewsMinute.
But far from her state's celebrated performance, Rekha sits on the floor with her face veiled while an elder male member of the family nonchalantly sips tea sitting on a chair. The image is almost symbolic of women being faceless and unseen across different rungs of politics and governance and in public affairs, at large. From local election posters which bear pictures of husbands of the contesting women and students' union elections which feature faceless women, to the coverage of Hillary Clinton's presidential nomination which earned Bill Clinton front page photographs, women's efforts and contributions in public affairs are often brushed aside.
Hillary Clinton clinches nomination, Bill Clinton clinches front-page photo. Source: TIME Magazine.
"I want to change people's perception of women being incapable of going out and managing public affairs. I gave my own example to the families of Rekha and Seema: I am a woman, I am expected to wear the veil, yet I go out and do my work in public spaces." Sunita now plans to screen her video in the villages headed by the women sarpanchs and in her gender discussion club. She also wants to show it to the Block Development Officer to apprise him of what is happening to elected women representatives in his block; here's hoping that her efforts spark a conversation.
Article by Alankrita Anand
Posted in: Gender, Everyday Patriarchy, Women Lead
Tagged in: Rajasthan, women's political participation
GenderUttar PradeshEveryday Patriarchy
Dowry Demands Continue to Haunt This Family in Uttar Pradesh
Shabnam Begum / July 8, 2019
When Pushpa, from Varanasi, got married, her family gave everything they could, but soon she was asked to leave, as the dowry demand was not met.
GenderRajasthanEveryday Patriarchy
Athai: Raised Platform Reserved for Men Making It a Mascot for Patriarchy
Sunita Kasera / July 3, 2019
Menstruation becomes the reason for women exclusion at Athai, and public places in Rampur, Rajasthan, barring them to participate in any decision making.
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"To live fearless and free": Kashmiri Girl Defiantly Pursues Cricketing Dreams
'India's Only Positive Newspaper' Brings Readers a Daily Dose of Hope


text:
Кислототривкі́ (кислотостійкі́) матеріа́ли () — матеріали, що відзначаються кислотостійкістю, тобто стійкістю до руйнівної дії кислот .

Кислототривкі матеріали застосовують у хімічній, легкій та харчовій промисловості, машинобудуванні, електротехніці тощо. Розрізняють кислототривкі матеріали металеві і неметалеві (неорганічні, органічні).

Металеві кислототривкі матеріали
До металевих кислотостійких матеріалів належать сплави на основі заліза (високомарганцеві, високохромисті і хромонікелеві сталі, чавуни), кольорові і рідкісні метали (наприклад, нікель, мідь, алюміній, титан, золото, платина), сплави на основі нікелю, міді, алюмінію, титану. Як конструкційний матеріал для особливо відповідальних конструкцій використовують цирконій, тантал, ніобій та їх сплави.

При підборі металевих кислотостійких матеріалів беруть до уваги окисно-відновні властивості середовища (окисно-відновний потенціал), а також природу аніонів, концентрацію та температуру кислот.

В окиснювальних середовищах успішно працюють матеріали, на поверхні яких в умовах дії агресивного середовища утворюється плівка хімічної сполуки з високими захисними властивостями. Це явище характерне для неіржавних сталей, ніхромів, алюмінію та його сплавів, титану, високохромистих та висококремнистих чавунів).

В сильноокиснювальних середовищах виникає перепасивація багатьох неіржавних сталей та нікелевих сплавів із зростанням швидкості розчинення.

У відновних середовищах використовують металеві матеріали, що мають високу термодинамічну стійкість: мідь; нікель; нікелеві сплави, з добавками молібдену (хастелої) або міді (монель-метали); титанові сплави, леговані молібденом.

В слабкоокиснювальних й слабковідновних середовищах застосовують складні за хімічним складом сталі та сплави, леговані металами, що підвищують їх пасивованість та термодинамічну стійкість: високолеговані нікелем, молібденом та міддю неіржавні сталі; нікелеві сплави з добавками хрому, молібдену та вольфраму; титан з невеликою кількістю паладію тощо.

Неметалеві кислототривкі матеріали
Неметалеві неорганічні кислотостійкі матеріали являють собою, як правило, солі силікатних кислот. Такими матеріалами є гірські породи (андезит, бештауніт, кварцит, граніт, фельзит тощо), кам'яне литво (діабаз, базальт), плавлений кварц, силікатне і кварцове скло, кислотостійкі бетони й цементи, кислотостійкі керамічні матеріали, емалі й замазки.

Найпоширеніші органічні (полімерні) кислотостійкі матеріали — поліетилен, полівінілхлорид, поліпропілен, фторопласти, ебоніт, гума на основі синтетичних каучуків деяких видів та ін.

Див. також
 Кислототривкість
 Корозійна стійкість
 Лугостійкість

Джерела
 Клинов И. Я. Коррозия химической аппаратуры и коррозионностойкие материалы — М.: Машиностроение, 1967. — 468 с.
 Туфанов Д. Г. Коррозионная стойкость нержавеющих сталей и чистых металлов — М.: Металлургия, 1982. — 320 с.
 Иванов Е. С. Ингибиторы коррозии стали в кислых средах: Справочник. — М.: Металлургия, 1986. — 175 с.

Посилання
 «Кислотостійкі матеріали»  в УРЕ.

Деградація матеріалів
Матеріалознавство

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text:
UK immigration and social attitudes
In a previous post I speculated on how the disaffected voter could be both part of the UKIP story and also a factor behind the decline in the popularity of the LibDems. But what about UKIP's two key policy areas: leaving Europe and stopping immigration?
As I noted last time, for most UKIP voters Europe itself is no big deal. It is an issue which will sit naturally with disaffected voters: if UK politicians seem remote to their interests, politicians in Europe will seem even more so. It is not an issue that a large number of voters will regard as all important in itself. Immigration is much more interesting. This post looks at what evidence we can get from surveys about voter attitudes towards immigration.
The first point to make is that a large majority of the UK public have always favoured tighter controls on immigration. (Interestingly, given SNP policies for an independent Scotland, a majority of Scottish voters also want less immigration!) What has changed over the last two decades has been the salience of the issue. (The charts in this post come from the three sources listed at the end.)
This chart is a little busy, but the green line is the number of people rating race and immigration as one of the top issues. The issue was nowhere until the end of the 1990s. Within the space of about four years its importance rose dramatically, and it has stayed as a key issue since around 2003.
The temporal link with actual levels of migration cannot be a complete coincidence.
Note that immigration from the EU only took off from 2004. So freedom of movement for labour within the EU, which is discussed so much in the media, is not the key to understanding voter concern about immigration.
Nor does concern about immigration appear to involve class. Any differences between the standard social classifications (A-E) and voter concern seems to be swamped by a common movement, as this chart shows.
There is, however, an understandable difference between income groups when they are asked why they are concerned about immigration. Those with low incomes tend to want to reduce immigration because of the perceived impact on jobs and housing, while those on higher incomes are more concerned about the impact on public services.
There are also two additional class related factors which do distinguish between voters attitudes towards the impact of immigration. The first is whether the voter has a university degree. For those that do, the majority believe that immigration has benefited the country both economically and culturally, while those without a degree think the opposite. Second, there is a clear correlation between concern about immigration and the newspaper people read. In addition, people seriously overestimate the extent of UK immigration, probably because of the impression they get from reading certain newspapers. To some extent this may be inevitable, as sensationalism like this or this may help sell newspapers to those who worry about immigration. However the fact that large sections of the UK press want us to leave the EU may mean that causality runs the other way, as I note below. (I do not see this as a simple right-left issue, as many on the right are against tight immigration controls.)
Location is also important. One widely reported result is that concern about immigration tends to be higher where actual levels of immigration are low. (An exception seems to be where asylum seekers are placed.) Many have noted that UKIP's first MP is in a constituency where levels of immigration are very low. Chris Dillow mentions one poll that found that while 76% think immigration is a very or fairly big problem for Britain, only 18% think it is in their own area. Furthermore those with migrant friends were far more likely to be positive about the impact of immigration than those without.
So immigration for many is about a fear rather than perceived experience. The fear is fed not by official statistics but stories in the media. In that sense it is like crime. In the case of crime, the general perception is that crime is rising, even though for many years nearly every type of crime has been falling in the UK. This encourages politicians to focus on the appearance of action: most calculate that they are better off talking about 'cracking down' on crime than in celebrating its decline. With immigration, the political benefits of appearing to 'deal with the problem of immigration' are greater than arguing that, in average economic terms at least, immigration may not be a problem at all.
Two things make immigration particularly toxic as a political issue. The first is that economic issues (jobs, housing, public services) can so easily be linked to it. However the first chart should warn against a belief that immigration concerns will disappear if real wages begin to rise. The second is the link with EU membership. While it is clear that public concerns about immigration became important long before immigration from the EU rose substantially, it suits those that want us to leave the EU to suggest that EU immigration is critical to public perceptions on this issue. For that reason, it seems unlikely that the political 'problem of immigration' is going to go away as long as the UK remains in the EU.
If this last statement is true, there is an interesting implication. UKIP can continue to receive strong support by saying that they have the only certain way of 'tackling immigration', and this will be true whatever actually happens to the numbers (immigration is like crime). The question that then arises is whether the Conservative party can live with that. Promising a referendum and then staying in the EU may win the next election but it will not make UKIP go away. Instead the party may calculate that the only way of making the issue of immigration less toxic is to take the UK out of the EU.
Sources for charts:
Oxford's Migration Observatory, Ipsos-Mori and the British Social Attitudes survey.
Labels: disaffected voter, immigration, social attitudes, UKIP
"Note that immigration from the EU only took off from 2004. So freedom of movement for labour within the EU, which is discussed so much in the media, is not the key to understanding voter concern about immigration".
That's not quite right. 2004 saw the expansion of the EU, giving nationals of 10 states formerly part of the Eastern bloc the benefit of EU freedoms. With minimal charity, it becomes clear that popular claims about the effect of the freedom of movement for workers are really claims about the numbers of people who are able to exercise that freedom.
IIRC UKIP started out as a "cut EU red tape" party so that financiers like Sir James Goldsmith who basically created and financed UKIP could increase their profits without an overseer moderating their behaviour. As this idea didn't really get hold of the UK population in any great numbers, they switched to more emotive subjects, and what can be more emotive than immigration?
Interestingly, the reference to highest anti-immigrant feeling existing in areas of lowest immigrant numbers is entirely matched by the Swiss experience, except for those border areas where immigrants enter through - Ticino in Switzerland, Kent/Dover area in the UK. I have personal experience of immigrant hatred too - visiting a Homebase store in Dover in a non-UK registered car I was asked forcibly by one of the Homebase staff "What are you doing over here? You should be back in your own country!" The fact that I was indirectly contributing to his wages by spending money with his employer clearly didn't register with him; far worse was the fact that he *thought* I was foreign. But just because he was wrong on so many levels did not make his fear any less real. And that's what the cynical Euro-sceptic power hunters play on: Fear, Greed, Envy.
IRC UKIP started out as a "cut EU red tape" party so that financiers like Sir James Goldsmith who basically created and financed UKIP could increase their profits without an overseer moderating their behaviour"
You don't recall correctly, no.
Ukip has always wanted the UK out, hence the name.
Goldsmith was associated with the Referendum Party, a quite different organisation.
I accept your correction, but the aim of leaving the EU was surely common to both parties. Goldsmith was Eurosceptic, as is Farage's UKIP now.
"Promising a referendum and then staying in the EU may win the next election "
Something has gone wrong with this sentence, which makes no sense.
There is simply no way the Tories can get even close to winning the 2015 election. The structural barriers to their winning are insurmountable.
That they know this is reflected in a number of populist policies that make no sense
(i) The bonkers proposals to repeal the HRA and replace it with a Birtish Bill of Rights.
(ii) The fiscal policy proposals that are wholly implausible.
(iii) The crazy suggestion that it could be possible to renegotiate free movement of persons in the EU (Ed Balls was suggesting the same this week. Nobody serious believes that).
Parties only put forward stuff like this when they know they won't be in any position to carry them out.
The problem is not 2015: the Tories will easily lose that. The problem is 2019/20. It is hard to imagine how the Labour party under its current leadership can make a success of government. That makes Tory chances of success in the election after the next one good. If these foolish policies remain in place by then, there is a real prospect of serious damage being done.
But, that is democracy (something S W-L doesn't have much time for).
Blaming 'the media' for people believing foolish things is like blaming the weather. It had a certain plausibility back in the days when Fleet Street dominated the means by which people gained information about the world around them. None at all in 2014.
You don't need to convince everybody, so while newspaper sales have fallen, they are still over 5 million per day. That's not nothing. People who don't read papers anymore do watch TV news and as SW-L has said here before, this medium is just as likely to misreport and misrepresent facts in order to generate "good television" in the form of a heated argument. In this new age the newspaper columnists perhaps influence even more people with their eloquently rabid attacks of others' views on programmes such as Newsnight or Question Time, Sky News and even Channel 4 News.
Doesn't the English press sell most of its product to consumers in English speaking countries, mainly the UK, and most other business groups that fund the Tory Party sell their goods into the EU?
Krugman blog November 2, 2012 'Karl Rove's Mission Accomplished':
"Well, what if we've been misunderstanding Rove? We've been seeing him as a man dedicated to helping angry right-wing billionaires take over America. But maybe he's best thought of instead as an entrepreneur in the business of selling his services to angry right-wing billionaires, who believe that he can help them take over America. It's not the same thing. And while Rove the crusader is looking — provisionally, of course, until the votes are in — like a failure, Rove the businessman has just had an amazing, banner year."
I see that education on the first graph above peaks in interest at the start of 2008, just as the crisis hits, and then falls back into something of a sink hole.
Murdochisation: Rove, Gove, Rove, Gove?
I think it is unhelpful to put race-relations and immigration together as the graph does. I think a lot of the race relations were intensified by events in the early 2000s relating to black Britons and police-relations and focus on problems related to fanatical Islamic schools etc in the tense international security environment that followed 9/11.
Immigration concerns at the moment relate more to jobs and wages, congestion, housing and public services. Uncontrollable inward labour flows, rather than say, asylum seekers are seen as the problem. These flows come from Europe. It is not race-related at all. In fact many UKIP supporters and those calling for reduced immigration are not white Britons.
Also UKIP support is high in parts of Kent and Essex that lie outside the London commuter belt. Many people living in these areas are actually Londoners who were forced to these areas due to the high costs of lving in London and the unavailability of council housing in London.
prpjustice 21 October 2014 at 19:57
If EU immigration were banned completely, would it stop the 53% of immigrants coming from outside the EU? Just questioning why the EU factor is statistically relevant.
Because it is the part of immigration the government cannot control and is increasing in its importance as non-EU immigration is brought down. The Government can increase or decrease highly skilled migrants or those entering on humanitarian grounds (Iraqi/Syrian refugees etc) with non-EU immigration, but it cannot with EU immigration. And EU immigration is particularly sensitive as it is seen as impacting on wages and employment opportunities for native low skilled and low paid labour. Eastern European immigration tends to also be highly elastic. The Government does not want to see a recovery without reductions in unemployment and higher wages.
There is something a bit troubling about this column. In the second paragraph you dismiss Europe itself as an issue with most UKIP voters: "for most UKIP voters Europe itself is no big deal". You don't actually present any evidence for this. You don't even have a line for Europe as an issue in any of your charts, so we can't compare it to the other issues - immigration, education, NHS, etc. It makes me wonder why Farage wastes his time banging on about Europe all the time, if UKIP voters just don't care. And those millions of clicks on his Youtube videos. Hmm.
And then, having dismissed Europe as an issue for UKIP voters, you proceed to analyse the UKIP in terms of immigration - with 'race" thrown in, again with little evidence. In fact, according to your own charts, concern about "immigration" seems to have risen more or less as immigration from Europe has risen. When immigration was mostly non-EU, concern about immigration was low, so just how this gets to be a 'race' issue and not a Europe issue is a bit puzzling.
Full disclosure: I am pro-immigration and would group myself with those with a degree that see mostly positive aspects to immigration. I just don't quite see the logic of this column.
Mainly Macro 21 October 2014 at 22:05
As this post says, I gave the evidence that Europe is not a key issue for UKIP voters in an earlier post. Of course Farage wants to suggest otherwise. Unfortunately the only time series I could find on what voters thought was important combined immigration and race - if anyone has a time series for just immigration please let me know. Concern about these two issues rose in the late 90s when non-EU immigration rose - EU immigration rose after 2004.
am 22 October 2014 at 07:43
Your report could have mentioned the Channel queues to get into Britain which naturally raises the question why do the immigrants want to come to Britain rather than France. This then becomes, easily, an economic issue.
But the post does not touch on values. Immigration is thought by many to impact on values. If immigrants come from a corrupt country there is likelihood that Britain will become more corrupt.
Chris 22 October 2014 at 08:46
The question is actually "why do SOME immigrants want to come to Britain rather than France". We have quite a low level of immigration by the standards of many EU countries. Those queues are a tiny percentage of the immigration into Europe.
If possible could you give the numbers from within Europe to EU countries and then numbers from outside Europe to the EU countries.
Most Romanian immigrants want to live in France because of the very similar languages; even Romanians working in parts of Switzerland often prefer to live in France. Similarly France attracts huge numbers of immigrants from the former French colonies such as Algeria, Morocco, and parts of sub-Saharan Africa. These people are not interested in coming to the UK.
"The question is actually "why do SOME immigrants want to come to Britain rather than France". We have quite a low level of immigration by the standards of many EU countries. Those queues are a tiny percentage of the immigration into Europe."
Because many people study English as a second language, Although the Migration Observatory has noted that England has no universal training programme to skill workers making them unproductive and uncompetitive. The absence of transitional controls also has formed a large Polish community which acts as further conduit for Polish immigration (and Poles have a high propensity to emigrate). Ironically Poland, a poorer countries are training workers at their tax payer expense to come and work in Britain.
Your explanation that it's media driven irrational fear is the typical PC leftist explanation. The UK is simply 10 years behind with this narrative, it's not going to help you.
I have a different explanation: it's about a culture clash between original population and immigrants, and this is the same all over Europe. And because the culture clash is larger with non EU immigrants (that in several countries have been in majority uneducated, low skilled immigrants), than with EU immigrants, this explains why the attitude already changed against immigration before the wave of Eastern European immigrants.
In fact, as Eastern European immigrants integrate easier, and are mostly better educated, I think the anti immigrants sentiment is still mostly about non EU immigrants.
Because of the race card being played, this anti immigration sentiment was mostly ignored by politicians, and the history of colonialism made it more difficult to refuse immigrants entry or select them on skills.
Typical Western immigration countries without this burden of history, have less of problem with selecting immigrants on skills, I believe this should be the future for the EU too for non EU immigration.
For the record I did not say, and was careful not to say, that it was an irrational fear. So I'm not sure the explanation/analysis in your second para is very different from mine.
This is not about race. As your chart shows it is about sheer numbers - historically high rates of immigration. The government has reduced non-EU immigration as much as it can, but it has not met its target for overall immigration reduction. This has put the focus on uncontrollable EU immigration. In the context of a recession and the fact that this involves inflows of cheap labour, EU immigration has become politically toxic - and has played to UKIP.
James Conran 23 October 2014 at 08:51
No doubt voters in the UK (and elsewhere) have very distorted views of the facts on immigration and crime (and most things), particularly driven by media agendas. But note that while voters will always always always tell you that crime is "up", no matter how "down" it is, it doesn't make crime a salient political issue - evidence perhaps that voters are in some latent sense moored to "fundamentals" (assuming crime would be salient if there were in fact a crime epidemic).
Likewise, the charts here seem to suggest that while people's factual assessment of immigration may be all over the place, the rising political salience of it is consistent with rising immigrant "flows" and "stocks". So while I think you make an interesting and not implausible case that the EU-immigration link may be significantly a political-media construct, I'm not convinced that an actual reduction in immigration wouldn't reduce the salience of the issue (though I suspect the ethno-cultural composition of immigration also matters).
I think you make some important points. If it is an issue about pressure on public services, then at the aggregate level the concern is simply wrong, because of the demographic characteristics of immigration. If it is an issue about jobs or housing then focusing on net immigration is correct, but if it is about cultural diversity then it is more important to focus on immigration inflows. There seems to be plenty of speculation, but rather less research.
My guess is that Cameron will get out of his position between a rock and hard place in his position with EU partners by negotiating a provision where EU immigrants will not be able to claim benefits.
Of course, the fact that EU immigrants do not claim benefits seems to be too much for the media to understand. As is the real problem: inflows of cheap labour are occuring at historically high levels at the same time as(well at least the perception that) wages for low income earners are falling.
Conservative and Labour will keep saying they are cracking down on immigrants claiming benefits. People know that is not the problem, and so does Farage. It is only the media and a few members of the neo-liberal chattering classes who don't.
It only plays to UKIP's cards.
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Aqif Mumtaz 9 November 2015 at 04:55
Hi Mr. Simon
Would a controlled & restricted immigration be the best possible solution for UK in dealing with immigrants?
Should the UK leave the EU to gain more independence on decision-making for immigrants whether EU or non-EU coming to the UK?
I think it would be because if the UK tighten their borders then the immigrants who would most probably be on welfare would have a less chance of coming to the UK. This means that less economic burden on unemployed people and less chance of crimes due to lower unemployment. A controlled & restricted immigration would be great to the UK because there would be more immigrants with education and value who are willing to pay taxes and contribute to the UK society should be allowed to be in the UK. That is not to say I am against immigration but take those immigrants who are more valuable to the UK society (Be selective on the immigrant and selective in a sense of what skills or would the immigrant be interested in doing a job for the UK) and have some amount of low-skilled immigrants if there are still jobs remaining in the UK depending on the amount of jobs taken by native British population.This is effective because it would cause a drop in unemployment since the UK would not be taking much low-skilled immigrants in that they eventually outnumber the available jobs in the UK which would cause unemployment and take those immigrants in who are willing to work hard to improve and pay taxes to the British government. Some immigrants would be on welfare while others do jobs to help run the British economy. Thus with a controlled & restricted immigration the UK should be able to not take in immigrants who would be dependent on welfare only and not be willing to do jobs or even try to get a job to help the UK.
I think it would be beneficial for the UK to leave the EU (European Union) because the UK would get more independence from the EU which means the UK can control how much amount of the EU immigration they can take instead of the EU giving all EU countries with the ultimate freedom to move anywhere in Europe without much restrictions as compared to a non-EU member citizen. In my opinion what eventually happens is a lot of Eastern Europeans would come in greater numbers to the UK and other Western European countries. That might lead to more or less the same problems with a massive influx of any immigration to UK such as anti-social behavior leading to crime, welfare on unproductive people, unemployment rising and government being forced to spend hopelessly on poor immigrants to help them get a job but that would depend entirely on the immigrant's interests or goals instead of the government spending their revenues on something more useful such as hospitals, schools, universties, parks, cinemas etc?
So Mr. Simon I would love to hear your thoughts and views on these two questions:
1)Would a controlled & restricted immigration be the best possible solution for UK?
2)Should the UK leave the EU to gain more independence on decision-making for immigrants whether EU or non-EU coming to the UK?
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When Woody tried to escape from Sid's house, he encountered Scud, who was sleeping halfway down the stairs, forcing Woody to retreat. Unfortunately, his pull-string ring got caught in one of the curls of the railing as he creeped down the upper-level hallway. The ring then snapped off from the railing, triggering Woody's sampled voice and Scud woke up and charged toward Woody and Buzz. Buzz told Woody to split up and Woody hid in the closet while Buzz hid in another room. Scud snuck into the room where Buzz is, but was forced to back away when he caught sight of Sid's father sleeping on a La-Z-Boy.
Later, when Sid took Buzz out of his room, Woody attempted to give chase. He was able to catch the door before it closed, but as he opened the door again, he was confronted by Scud standing on the far side of the hallway. Catching sight of Woody, the vicious dog charged toward him, prompting Woody to dart back into Sid's room and hold the door shut to prevent Scud's entry. While Scud stationed himself outside the door, ready to attack any toys that emerged out of Sid's room, the mutant toys helped Woody realize the plan to save Buzz from Sid's clutches. The toys tricked Scud into running clear out of the house by sending out the Frog to distract the dog. While chasing after the Frog, Scud knocked down Sid's sister Hannah--who had just answered the door (only to find nobody out in the front porch)--as he jumped onto the empty front porch. He was then subsequently locked out by Hannah, who was annoyed at his stupidity.
When Woody and Buzz, after leaving Sid's house, ran after the moving truck to catch up with Andy and his toys, Scud eyed them and gave chase. While Buzz had already made it onto the van, Woody was still trying to climb up a hanging strap; it was during this when Scud caught up with him and attempted to pull him down. Buzz fought Scud off, allowing Woody to climb aboard the moving van, but leaving Buzz behind. Woody dug the RC Car out of storage and used him to try to drive Buzz back. Scud refused to give up and chased Buzz into an intersection with oncoming traffic. At the same time, Woody tried to prove his innocence to the other toys, who ambushed him while controlling RC, forcing him to do spins and spontaneously jump. Unfortunately for Scud, as he entered the intersection, he triggered an accident in which all the cars crashed into each other, forming a circle that trapped Scud. Buzz was able to escape on RC while Scud was left behind, desperately trying to find a way out to get Woody and Buzz.
It is unknown what happened to Scud after the movie, though it was possible he was found by his owners when they learned of the accident.
Because Scud is matured in Toy Story, 12 years later in the events of Toy Story 3, it's possible that he died before the third film.
Scud is one of the few non-toy Toy Story characters who knows toys can come to life.
Scud also appears in the Toy Story video game.
Unlike how Scud was portrayed in the film, actual bull terriers are usually gentle and nonthreatening dog breeds.
This is evident during the first onscreen appearance of Scud when Sid blows up Combat Joe directly in front of the dog, causing him to hide in fear and then lash back out angrily at the crater where Combat Joe was.


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The Youth Entrepreneurship Development Association organized the launch of the research engine "StayinginLeb" on Tuesday, February 27, 2018 in the city of Byblos within the campaign "My work in Lebanon … the rest of Lebanon", which is implemented within the framework of " And UNICEF.
The campaign "My job in Lebanon … the rest of Lebanon" aims at providing a free and easy link between the owners of institutions and young people looking for work, especially professional students and professional and technical certificate holders, through the research engine above. It also aims to ask the municipal councils in the districts of Jbeil to publish this site, which will enhance access to available jobs and thus reduce the problem of unemployment.
The ceremony was attended by Mr. Hani Emad, Chairman of the Youth and Sports Committee, Mr. Simon Abi Ramia, Minister of Labor, Mr. Mohamed Kabara, represented by Mr. Rabia Kabbara, and the President of Masar Association, Mr. Kamal Shea.
Then, the young Jesse Abe Remia of the Youth Development Association presented a visual presentation of the research engine and how to create accounts for young jobseekers and business owners. The activities of the campaign included workshops on research engine with students of technical institutes and universities in Jubail , And visits to institutional owners.