Are you aware of the benefits of hiring temp staff? Temporary or "temp" staff provide help when your business needs it most. You can hire temps to cover staff shortages and workload fluctuations and provide extra help during busy seasons. And if you hire them through a recruitment agency, they'll come to you fully trained and ready to go.
Hiring a temp is a convenient way to cover a staff shortage. This especially applies when it comes to filling positions that have come up at late notice – such as when your receptionist calls in sick at five to nine, or your accountant breaks their leg.
But temps don't just cover sick staff. They also cover staff who are on holiday, take long service leave, or go on maternity leave. By hiring a temp, you can cover these positions without having to worry about taking on a new, permanent staff member. Hiring temporary employees is also a great way to fill the gaps after redundancies.
Many businesses experience a peak "season" for work each year. Retailers become increasingly busy in the lead-up to Christmas, while accounting firms are swamped every July. Temp hiring allows you to fill additional positions during busy times of the year in order to ensure your business can meet the demands being placed upon it. It also allows you to respond to variations in staffing requirements on a week-to-week or even day-to-day basis – something you can't really do with your own casual staff.
Why Cover Fluctuations With Temp Staff?
Using temp staff rather than regular staff for workload, seasonal, and staff fluctuations makes sense for a number of reasons.
Firstly, because you are only hiring temp staff on a temporary basis, you don't need to worry about the hassle and obligations involved in offering a permanent position at your business, or granting them the usual perks permanent employees enjoy, such as sick and annual leave.
And due to the temporary nature of their employment, you can keep temps for as little or as long as you need them. Unlike casual, part-time or full-time employees, you aren't obliged to keep them around once the job is done.
Why Hire Temp Staff Through a Recruitment Agency?
Qualified – Temporary staff engaged through a recruitment agency like HB come pre-trained, meaning they'll be able to hit the ground running.
Pre-screened and interviewed – At HB, we take care of the hassle of interviewing and screening candidates. For most roles, we already have a pool of interviewed, qualified candidates ready to call upon to fill positions for you.
Placed quickly – We're able to place temps in a role within 2 hours of receiving a job order.
Able to fill any role/job – We never knock back a position, and will always find a candidate for any industry. We most commonly fill administration roles and finance officers, but also accountants, real estate sales people, lawyers, truck drivers, labourers, and more. Just ask us.
At HB Group Toowoomba, we often have up to 80 admin temps out every week, and have been a preferred supplier for admin and professional staff to the Queensland Government since 1995.
If you would like us to help you enjoy the benefits and advantages of hiring a temp, then call us today on (07) 4639 4410.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.

package com.azure.resourcemanager.storage.generated;

import com.azure.core.util.Context;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.storage.fluent.models.FileShareInner;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.storage.models.AccessPolicy;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.storage.models.SignedIdentifier;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/** Samples for FileShares Update. */
public final class FileSharesUpdateSamples {
    /*
     * x-ms-original-file: specification/storage/resource-manager/Microsoft.Storage/stable/2022-05-01/examples/FileSharesPatch.json
     */
    /**
     * Sample code: UpdateShares.
     *
     * @param azure The entry point for accessing resource management APIs in Azure.
     */
    public static void updateShares(com.azure.resourcemanager.AzureResourceManager azure) {
        azure
            .storageAccounts()
            .manager()
            .serviceClient()
            .getFileShares()
            .updateWithResponse(
                "res3376",
                "sto328",
                "share6185",
                new FileShareInner().withMetadata(mapOf("type", "image")),
                Context.NONE);
    }

    /*
     * x-ms-original-file: specification/storage/resource-manager/Microsoft.Storage/stable/2022-05-01/examples/FileShareAclsPatch.json
     */
    /**
     * Sample code: UpdateShareAcls.
     *
     * @param azure The entry point for accessing resource management APIs in Azure.
     */
    public static void updateShareAcls(com.azure.resourcemanager.AzureResourceManager azure) {
        azure
            .storageAccounts()
            .manager()
            .serviceClient()
            .getFileShares()
            .updateWithResponse(
                "res3376",
                "sto328",
                "share6185",
                new FileShareInner()
                    .withSignedIdentifiers(
                        Arrays
                            .asList(
                                new SignedIdentifier()
                                    .withId("MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEyMzQ1Njc4OTAxMjM0NTY3ODkwMTI")
                                    .withAccessPolicy(
                                        new AccessPolicy()
                                            .withStartTime(OffsetDateTime.parse("2021-04-01T08:49:37.0000000Z"))
                                            .withExpiryTime(OffsetDateTime.parse("2021-05-01T08:49:37.0000000Z"))
                                            .withPermission("rwd")))),
                Context.NONE);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static <T> Map<String, T> mapOf(Object... inputs) {
        Map<String, T> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < inputs.length; i += 2) {
            String key = (String) inputs[i];
            T value = (T) inputs[i + 1];
            map.put(key, value);
        }
        return map;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Catatlog
was for a time quite overwhelmed. The sorrow which she had
experienced for her father gave way to a new feeling--one of terror,
deep, dark, and irremovable--about herself and her own future. All
Cazeneau's words recurred to her, and the more she thought of them,
the more hateful did they seem. Out of them all several things
appeared plain to her mind.
First, that she was a pauper. Of Cazeneau's words she did not doubt
the truth. It seemed in the highest degree probable. She had all
along known that her father had come to America to search after some
of the Montresors, and to made reparation. Cazeneau now had informed
her that he had turned all his property into money. It must have been
for that purpose. The thought had never occurred to her before; but,
now that it was stated, she did not dream of doubting it. It seemed
Secondly, she saw that Cazeneau, for some reason or other, was
determined to keep her under his control. He was determined not to
allow her to return to France, and not to enter a convent. He was
bent upon associating her with his own life, and causing her to be
admired in Louisbourg. Added to this was his promise to take her back
to France with himself. All this showed that he would on no account
allow her to part with him. What was the meaning of it all? And now
the thought could no longer be kept out of her mind: Cazeneau's
purpose was to make her his wife.
His wife!
The thought was to her most odious; but, having once presented
itself, she could not argue it away, nor could she get rid of it at
all. Yes, that was the meaning that lurked behind his words all the
time. That was the meaning of his promise to make her admired and
Finally, she remembered how he had stated to her the fact that he was
supreme in Louisbourg, and that through his grandeur she was to
receive homage from all the lesser throng. To her this seemed like a
plain statement that she was in his power, and entirely
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Chaosium
Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd.
Free League Publishing
Doctor Who Roleplaying Game
Imagine you could go anywhere. This world or countless others, encountering strange alien races, new cultures or hostile environments. Now imagine you could travel to any time. Meet Robin Hood (and duel him with a spoon!), discover what terrible monster lives under your bed, journey inside a Dalek or travel to the end of time itself. Where would you go? With Cubicle 7's Doctor Who Roleplaying Game,... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $29.99
Doctor Who Roleplaying Game: The Black Archive
The Tower of London: home to ravens, Beefeaters and one of the most extensive collections of esoteric alien artefacts on Earth. Under the stewardship of UNIT, The Black Archive is charged with finding, storing and understanding the weirdest and most powerful alien Gadgets that come to our planet. Just as this unbelievably valuable and dangerous collection has expanded, so has UNIT itself evolved.... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who - The Gamemaster's Companion
So you're the Gamemaster now? Sitting in the Gamemaster's chair can be the most daunting job in roleplaying games. It is also the most rewarding. This book is here to help you get the most out of the experience. The Gamemaster's Companion is a resource for you to use to run the Doctor Who Roleplaying Game, offering expert advice on creating scenarios in the style of the Doctor's adventures.... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who - All of Time and Space Volume 1
All of Time and Space Volume 1 is the first collection of scenarios for Doctor Who Roleplaying Game. This 96 page, full colour hardback provides a convenient collection of four high quality Doctor Who scenarios so that you and your players can dive right into the adventure! "I am not a bad man. I am not a hero. And I'm definitely not a president. And no, I'm not an officer. Do you know what... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $17.99
Doctor Who - The Silurian Age
I know! Dinosaurs on a spaceship! The Doctor and his companions often venture forwards in time, into the far future of humanity, where spaceships ply the stars and adventure can be found on even the smallest moon. But what about… backwards? To a time before there was any humanity, to a time when the Earth was roamed by dinosaurs and another species laid claim to it: the Silurians. This... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who - The Tenth Doctor Sourcebook
Celebrating the 50th anniversary of Doctor Who, this Sourcebook explores the Tenth Doctor's adventures on Earth and beyond. With detailed information on all the allies, enemies, aliens and gadgets that he encounters, as well as examining each of his adventures, the book contains a wealth of material for the Doctor Who Roleplaying Game, and is also a fact-packed resource for fans of the show!... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who - The Eleventh Doctor Sourcebook
When Amelia Pond was seven-years old, she had an imaginary friend – the raggedy Doctor who crashed into her garden in his blue box. When she grew up, on the night before her wedding, her imaginary friend came back to take her on the adventure of a lifetime. Travel to Venice, into the heart of a crashed spaceship, visit the White House and Area 51 and journey to the centre of the TARDIS. Save the... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who - Paternoster Investigations
That Babylon of the moderns with its crystal light and its glitter. All aswarm with the wretched ruins of humanity. Men and women crushed by the Devil's juggernaut. Moral turpitude can destroy the most delicate of lives. Believe me, I know. I know! – Mrs Gillyflower, The Crimson Horror Welcome to the Victorian Age! Paternoster Investigations takes your Doctor Who Roleplaying Game to... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who - The Twelfth Doctor Sourcebook
This Sourcebook explores the Twelfth Doctor's adventures on Earth and beyond. With detailed information on all the allies, enemies, aliens and gadgets they encounter, as well as examining each adventure, the book contains a wealth of material for the Doctor Who Roleplaying Game, and is also a fact-packed resource for fans of the show! Gifted a new series of regenerations after rescuing the home-world... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who: The Roleplaying Game Second Edition
The award-winning Doctor Who: The Roleplaying Game has regenerated into a new Second Edition that is faster, easier, and even more exciting. This book presents all the rules and background you need to voyage across space and time with the Doctor, or as new characters experiencing brand new epic adventures. This core rulebook includes: Complete character creation rules to allow you to bring to... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $29.99
Doctor Who: Adventures in Time and Space
Imagine you could go anywhere. This world or countless others, encountering strange alien races, new cultures or hostile environments. Now imagine you could travel to any time. See the pyramids and the Sphinx (back when she had a nose!), discover who (or what) really built Stonehenge, meet the first Emperor of Japan, or travel into the far future as humanity spreads to the stars. Where would you go?... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $29.99
Doctor Who: Adventures in Time and Space - Player's Guide
Doctor Who: Aliens and Creatures
In the vast expanse of space wait creatures beyond the imagination. Mutants housed in impenetrable armour, vast criminal families that disguise themselves in the skins of their victims, and thousands of cloned soldiers ready to conquer and crush.<o:p></o:p> But it's not all evil and danger out there. The songs of the peaceful enslaved echo through time, while others try to protect the... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $24.99
Doctor Who: Adventures in Time and Space Limited Edition Hardcover Edition
Imagine you could go anywhere. This world or countless others, encountering strange alien races, new cultures or hostile environments. Now imagine you could travel to any time. Meet Queen Elizabeth I (and maybe marry her!), discover the secrets under the Tower of London, watch the Moon landing (from the Moon!) or travel into the far future as humanity spreads to the stars. Where would you go? With... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $29.99
Doctor Who: Adventures in Time and Space (Eleventh Doctor Edition)
Doctor Who - Defending the Earth: The UNIT Sourcebook
Front and centre, soldier! You're part of UNIT now, the Unified Intelligence Taskforce. We are the Earth's best defence against the myriad alien forces who would try to subjugate and conquer our planet. It's not an easy job, and even those recruited for their scientific knowledge can find themselves on the front lines of combat against almost unstoppable foes. We will protect humanity from extraterrestrial... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $19.99
Doctor Who:Adventures in Time and Space - Cat's Eye
Cat's Eye by Nick Huggins The Doctor and his companions find themselves in an old abandoned hotel somewhere in England, inhabited by nothing more ominous than a group of squatters and a colony of feral cats... oh, and an extraterrestrial telepathic intelligence intent on first taking over the hotel, and then the world! Cat's Eye is a mysterious adventure for Doctor... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $2.99
Doctor Who:Adventures in Time and Space - Medicine Man
Medicine Man by Walt Ciechanowski The Doctor and his companions are pitted against an old enemy trying to resurrect their race from beneath the plains of the Wild West. The characters arrive at a small mining town in the American Old West and discover strange happenings centred around a strange snake oil salesman. The clues lead to an abandoned gold mine, and from there to a deadly threat... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $2.99
Doctor Who:Adventures in Time and Space - The Ravens of Despair
The Ravens of Despair by Steve Darlington There are some individuals in this universe who follow fear and trouble. They are drawn to it like a magnet, ending up time and time again in places rife with threats and danger, full of enemies at work or monsters at large. They arrive in the nick of time, when all seems darkest. Then there are others, in this wide, nigh-infinite universe, who... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $2.99
Doctor Who: Adventures in Time and Space - Arrowdown
'Arrowdown' is a free introduction scenario for Doctor Who Adventures in Time and Space. An unexploded bomb in the coastal village of Arrowdown opens the door to a much more terrifying mystery and a deadly adversary. 'Arrowdown' is intended to be a fast moving scenario to guide you through the way the game works, give each type of character a chance to shine... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. FREE
Doctor Who and the Einstein Engine
The Einstein Engine A simple trip to the Australian Outback in 1988 to take in the sights of a spectacular solar eclipse leads to a horrific discovery — the body of a cloned genius has been excavated from deep within an opal mine. Another, then another. Who is cloning the universally renowned scientist, and what fate is befalling all of these clones? The race is on for a globe spanning... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. FREE
Doctor Who Starter set
Doctor Who: The Roleplaying Game Second Edition — Starter Set STEP INTO THE TARDIS AND EMBARK ON A BRAND NEW ADVENTURE Doctor Who: The Roleplaying Game Starter Set contains everything you need to start your adventures across all of space and time. Whether you're a complete beginner at roleplaying games or looking for an epic new campaign, this boxed set is the perfect... [click here for more] Cubicle 7 Entertainment Ltd. $14.99
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Psionics: The Next Stage in Human Evolution
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Mothership: Player's Survival Guide
Winner of the 2019 Gold ENnie for Best Game! Winner of the Ramanan Sivaranjan Excellence in Gaming Best G** D*** Books of 2018 award! Mothership is a sci-fi horror roleplaying game where you and your crew try to survive in the most inhospitable environment in the universe: outer space! You'll excavate dangerous derelict spacecraft,... [click here for more] Tuesday Knight Games Pay What You Want
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Landing a job with the Company was supposed to be your ticket to the big time. Then something went wrong. Luckily, the doctors and the engineers were able to put you back together again, but they had to replace a few of your squishy bits in the process. But your state-of-the-art augmentations are Company property, which basically means YOU are Company property. And if you want to keep getting the little... [click here for more] Last Redoubt Games $15.00
OGL/d20 [MEGA] [BUNDLE]
This very special Mega-Bundle contains more than 40 bestselling OGL/d20 titles, including popular and Gold-bestselling "Experts" and "Nuisances"! The Noble Wild Regular price: $9.99 An ENnie Award Nominee! This exciting book introduces comprehensive rules for playing intelligent animals in a wide variety of game settings and situations. It will be popular with everyone... [click here for more] Skirmisher Publishing $134.96 $29.95
Call to Assembly, issue 3
Do you love those old print RPG magazines? The Call to Assembly is a bi-monthly magazine that covers a wide variety of tabletop role-playing topics, in the same style as the venerable mags of the 1970's, 1980's, and 1990's. This is the electronic version of issue 3, which includes further modern-day adaptation of D&D 4E, two versions of Doctor Who for the Marvel Heroic Roleplaying system,... [click here for more] Gamer Assembly FREE
Rogues, Rivals & Renegades: Doctor M
A genius on the brink of Madness... Doctor M! A Power Level 10 Renegade, Doctor M is a scientific genius who stands on the precipice of madness! Manon St. Martin is not afraid to put her mutagenic skills to use when the situation calls for it, and experience has taught her to trust her instincts. Her followers, the Muta-Men, are devoted... [click here for more] Vigilance Press $2.49
WITCH DOCTORS: Ashcan Edition
WITCH DOCTORS is a tabletop roleplaying game about the supernatural forces that vie for control of our minds, lives, and modern world, and the unique few capable of defying them for the sake of those who can't. This small subset of people are called Witch Doctors. Born different. Uniquely aware of those forces – some routine, some not – that fight for dominion and obedience.... [click here for more] Curious Monk $5.00
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Tall Tales: Deadlands: Dr. Tregan's Collateral Trouble
Doctor Tregan's Collateral Trouble is a story roleplaying game set in Deadlands. In this Tall Tale, Doctor Tregan has been abducted in the dead of night by bandits. His shop has been left unattended. And it's only a matter of time before his trail runs cold. The town of Buford Junction relies on the good doctor's work... [click here for more] Pinnacle Entertainment $2.99
Savage Worlds Explorer 06
Calling All Explorers! Whether you're a college student going to the movies, a brainwashed superninja, or off to explore known worlds for JumpCorp—savage settings need intrepid explorers! Infinite Worlds of Adventure Savage Worlds Explorer is a continuing series featuring Savage Tales from all our settings written by new authors and industry veterans. This installment features tales... [click here for more] Pinnacle Entertainment $9.99
The Mocking Bell (Beautiful Anomalies)
I hear the angels again. They sing of the War, and howl of their fall from glory. They laugh when the bell tolls, and their laughter is not kind. For the War in heaven is unending, and theirs is the laughter of warriors who yearn to take the field and wreak slaughter upon all the myriad futures. The time travelers arrive in a small Leicestershire village, where more than the usual mischief... [click here for more] Fantasy Heartbreaker $7.95
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A 'one-shot' scenario for Delta Green: The Roleplaying Game. The Mayans knew that under air is earth, under earth is water, and under water is fire. Since then, we've learned about the void above the air-- and we're awfully pleased with ourselves. But we never talk about the void beneath the Earth, or the mysteries that float therein. The Mayans disappeared overnight, and Doctor Ignacio Levanti... [click here for more] Cptn Mingo FREE
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Get all of our Motif titles! Includes all released toolkits for the Motif Framework and all released Runs On Motif games! Get everything from the Motif Story Engine to NEVER Stop Smiling, all in one bundle. Already have a few titles? The price should automagically calculate a discount for you! LIMITED TIME SALE This special bundle product... [click here for more] Thought Police $99.43 $33.00
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Having been transported there by magic.
then puts the package in its saddlebag.
Eddy Martinez is a non-binary weirdo from Santa Cruz, CA, living in the Boston area. They (along with some much more reliable folks) founded the UMass Boston Slam Society, so they guess they've got that going for them. Eddy likes to write incomplete works of speculative fiction and cute poems about crippling existential despair.


Notice: GreatCloud Upgrades – Great White North Technology Consulting Inc.
We will be performing some upgrades to our GreatCloud platform servers on Friday February 10th, 2017 beginning at 8:00 pm EST to serve you better.
During this time you may experience some disruptions. We anticipate this upgrade taking no more than 4 hours.


text:
Q: Positioning of CSS image div EDIT: Fixed it, I am daft. It was because h1 is below the div.
So I was making some web page for a school project and I keep running into this annoying problem, I am trying to make an image gallery on the page with multiple thumbnails all in ordered categories on a page. e.g. since it is video game themed it should be like heroes and maps. Problem is when I place an image, the image pushes the text I had at the top of the screen under it, probably a really simple solution to this just need a bit of help. thanks. here is the link
CSS:
@font-face {
    font-family: bigNoodle;
    src: url(Font/big_noodle_titling_oblique.ttf);
}

#splash {

    z-index: 100;
    position: absolute;
    background: white url('Pictures/logo.png') center no-repeat;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    font-family: bigNoodle;
    color: #939393;
    padding: 10px;
    font-size: 40px;

}

body {
    background: url('Pictures/bg.jpg') center fixed no-repeat;

}

h1 {
    z-index: 1;
    font-family: bigNoodle;
    text-align: center;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 60px;
    color: #F99E1A;
    padding-top: 10px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;

}

div.picture img {

    height: 200px;

}

HTML:
    <!DOCTYPE html>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">

    <title>Wiki</title>
    <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="Pictures/logo.png" />

Click to continue...

Welcome

A: You can achieve it in multiple ways
Way 1:
You can apply z-index for text
for instance text 'welcome' is there inside h1
h1
{
z-index:999;
}

way 2:
take your image as background of div
https://jsfiddle.net/ogyk1914/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Pale orange coloured white wine from the white wine grape Vermentino, also planted in Selvadolce during the 1970s. Made with very short skin contact to preserve the freshness fruity nature of the Vermentino grape. Slightly bretty on the nose at the start, but blew off with air and actually adds to the complexity of the wine. Much fresher, more green fruits and juicy acid when compared with Rucantu, but definitely more funky, with a wide range of flavours... mushrooms, oxidized honey, dried white flowers. Lovely texture on the almond infused palate, and a long and salty finish. Aged 28 months on lees with regular stirring. Not a wine for beginners, "VB1" is actually Nicolas Joly's favourite wine from the estate.


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Phyllis Joy Patterson, 85, of Adrian, Mo., formerly of Lee's Summit, died Tuesday, April 21, 2009.
Memorial services will be held at 3 p.m. Thursday, April 30 at Floral Hills East Memorial Gardens, Lee's Summit. Contributions to Adrian Manor. Arrangements: Schowengerdt Funeral Home, Butler, Mo., 660-679-6555. Online condolences, www.schowengerdtchapel.com.


text:
Irons in the Fire
by Beau Adams
Minus the invention of the steel shaft in the 1930s, golf clubs had barely changed in decades. Irons were forged of steel. They were muscle-backed and dipped in chrome, and woods were an inconsistently milled teardrop of persimmon wood glued to the bottom of a shaft. The most popular putters of the day resembled a smaller version of their iron cousins, lower profile with less loft.
Then, in 1966, came the PING Anser. The Anser was invented by a GE aeronautics designer named Karsten Solheim. Its moniker was a bastardization of "answer," the missing "w" born of the necessity to fit the name in the space afforded on the club—evidence of its designer's rigid aesthetic of form follows function.
The son of an immigrant shoemaker, Solheim grew up in the Ballard area of Seattle. Currently crawling with cyclists, foodies, and hipsters, Ballard was more of a fishing village in the early 1900s when Solheim and his family immigrated.
He was never a great student, at least not early on. His grandson, Andy, recalls a story told to him by his grandmother. "In fact, there was a time when he decided that he was going to study and do well on a test and he did. But then his teacher basically accused him of cheating." Underchallenged in high school, Solheim applied to the University of Washington and was accepted to its engineering program in 1931.
He made through the course work, leaving the college after only one year to help in his father's struggling shoemaking business. Luckily for Solheim, there were just as many lessons to be learned in the private sector.
"When Karsten went back to work for his father making shoes, he found that he had a new competitor who had opened a shop across the street," says his son John Solheim, current CEO of PING. "This guy was undercutting his prices and taking his customers, so Karsten decided he would lower his prices as well and start using less expensive material to build shoes and make repairs."
This experiment failed miserably and Solheim nearly sank the family's business. In a bold redirect, he decided to start using the best quality materials he could find. Though it drove the price of his product beyond double what his new neighbor was charging, he found that the market responded favorably and within a couple of years he had put his competitor out of business.
Solheim kept looking to the future, and for an opportunity to again study engineering and design. In 1945 he got his break. What the Depression had stolen, WWII would give back.
After Pearl Harbor, materials, supplies, and engineers were suddenly in great demand. The University of California offered a 10-week crash course in aeronautical design through an extension program. Solheim enrolled and finished the course work in five weeks.
In 1945, he took a position with Ryan Aeronautical, the engineering team that had designed Lindbergh's Spirit of St Louis. Solheim was a project engineer for the first tricycle landing gear that made it possible for airplanes to safely land on aircraft carriers. He developed systems that would guide the Atlas missile for another company, Convair.
Solheim worked for a host of engineering and design firms through the '40s and '50s. After the war, while at GE, he was the lead on a design team that not only invented the first portable television but also perfected the "rabbit ears" antenna. "GE thought that they would build about 40,000 units," recalls John Solheim, "but the design was so popular that they built over 4 million." A Chicago firm would accept the credit for perfecting the rabbit ears. Solheim decided this would be the last time he invented something that he didn't manufacture himself.
Solheim's military, aeronautic, and industrial design experience had turned into a career. Although chiefly a tennis player, he was persuaded to take up golf by his workmates at GE.
"Some of his engineer friends invited him out to play without realizing that he had never played before," says John. "They were on the second tee before he had finished up on the first green."
Like a lot of golfers, Solheim struggled with putting. But rather than throw clubs, he deconstructed them. His engineer's mind told him that the design of the putter seemed off. The shaft met the club head at the wrong junction, and the weighting of the club seemed haphazardly scattered throughout the design plane. It was as if almost no practical thought had gone in to the making of this contraption. With no sensible putters on the market, Solheim decided to build his own. He borrowed $1,100 and holed up in his garage.
The name PING owes itself to a bizarre attribute of Solheim's initial putter design, which he called the 1A. Built from a prototype of sugar cubes and popsicle sticks, the 1A was weighted on either end and had a gap between the face and the back of the club, which upon striking a ball provided for a xylophonic tone. The 1A was a success by design standards, but golfers resisted it. It didn't look like anything else on the market and it made a strange sound.
In order to get his putter to market, Solheim moonlighted by promoting his product to industry leaders. He was a regular at tour events, hanging around the practice greens, diagrams in hand, ready to prove his design to those who would listen.
Eventually, Solheim would redesign the 1A into the more aesthetically pleasing Anser. Through sheer persistence he struck distribution deals with pro shops and convinced several touring pros to use the putter on tour. His true genius for marketing came from his decision to imprint his company's contact information on each club, much like a design firm would tag each page of a blueprint. "You've got to remember," says John, "we didn't have the Internet; we didn't have anything. So what Karsten did was put his address on every golf club—cast in. And we'd get letters from all over the world requesting our products because of that."
An up-and-down pro named Julius Boros won the 1967 Phoenix Open, sinking the winning putt with a PING putter, sending orders through the roof. Solheim then turned his attention to the other clubs in the bag.
At age 25, Texas-born Mike Holder had taken the reins of the Oklahoma State University men's golf program in 1973. A gifted amateur golfer, Holder earned medalist honors in 1970 at the Big Eight Championship while playing for OSU. During his coaching tenure, OSU won eight national championships. Additionally, he coached his way to 21 conference titles, a number bested by only one other coach, Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen. He and his players have amassed more individual and team awards than is worth mentioning, but if it wasn't for football, Holder may have never found his way to golf.
"It was in the seventh grade. I played football that year and the school told us that if we wanted to play football the next year, we had to play a spring sport," Holder recounts. "So I said, 'Alright, what sport ya got?' Well, they only had golf and track—they didn't have baseball or anything else. So I was a little pudgy kid, and I'd been around track but it wasn't my strong suit. My dad had a set of golf clubs in the garage. I'd never seen him use them, but I'd seen them in there, so I asked him if I could borrow them and try out for the junior-high golf team.
"So he took me out in the backyard and he told me to keep my left arm straight and he kind of showed me how to hold the club."
Holder would make the team at Sapulpa Junior High School and golf would make him forget about football. "I kind of liked it right off the bat," he says, his eyes pointed toward the ceiling in his office. "You didn't have to be the fastest or the strongest guy." And although playing golf that spring semester meant he was eligible to play football the next year, Holder can't even recall if he did.
What he does remember is becoming a dominant force as a coach in the world of college golf. Mike Holder was to college golf what Mike Krzyzewski is to college basketball. His teams were perennial contenders, and known for being top-notch athletes. He insisted on it. They did aerobics at 6:30 a.m. weekdays. They did push-ups and ran stadium stairs to atone for miscues on the course. Holder held team qualifying rounds in the midst of spring storm season, in an effort to cultivate mental and physical toughness. Holder-coached teams were the trendsetters, the innovators, sometimes even the laughingstock of the league for their unorthodox regimen. That made them the perfect target for PING.
In 1976, club manufacturers weren't in the habit of courting amateur programs. "You might be able to get a set of clubs at wholesale or something if you were a really good player," Holder says, "but mostly a college golfer had to purchase his own equipment." PING's offer to outfit his team was of interest to Holder, but he had reservations. Namely, the look.
"They were ugly," Holder says with a puzzled look on his face, even still. "I didn't like anything about them. They were offset at the hosel, which kind of made them hard to line up. The finish was dull instead of shiny. The whole thing seemed wrong."
Unimpressed with the current design, Holder sent the PING representative, Gary Hart, back to the drawing board. "I said, 'Look, you're a great guy and it sounds like you have a great company, but no one wants to use your clubs, they're too ugly'."
By 1978, Karsten Manufacturing had made significant improvements to its irons and introduced the PING "Eye" series. This got Holder's attention. "In 1978, David Edwards won the NCAA Championship while at Oklahoma State playing with PING clubs and a PING golf ball. By 1979 or 1980, everybody on our team was using them."
The Cowboys won three national championships in the 80's and two in the 90's carrying PINGs. The golf world was paying attention. Sales of PING clubs took off, no small thanks to OSU. "It meant a lot," Holder says. "It gave them credibility."
"It was hugely important," says John Solheim. "For us to be able to get into Oklahoma State at the time, there was no question that they were the number one golf program in the country. As soon as other teams saw Oklahoma State use our equipment, then they had to have it. And as soon as they went home, the kids at the clubs saw it, and they had to have it."
Players weren't the only ones noticing PING's rise to domination. Traditional manufacturers like Wilson, Titleist, and Hogan found themselves saddled to a club design that was seen as stale and unsophisticated. Their sluggishness in the boardroom was getting them trounced on the fairway. Absent a design and engineering mind as capable as Karsten Solheim, they threw themselves on the mercy of the court—the governing bodies of professional golf.
In 1988, both the USGA and PGA disqualified PING irons manufactured over the previous two years. To qualify, a player would either have to play a PING club that was manufactured before 1986 or switch to a different club. The rule hinged on a negligible discrepancy regarding groove placement on PING's most popular iron to date, the PING Eye 2. The argument was that the design created an unfair advantage by enabling players to impart more spin on the ball. In golf, more spin equals more control.
Solheim would spend the next couple of years in the courtroom instead of the design studio battling to keep his clubs in the hands of professionals. He pleaded his case with zeal, looking more like a mad scientist than an executive, a subtlety not lost on the staid, conservative governing bodies of golf with which he had filed repeated injunctions. Solheim was an outsider in every way. It allowed him to approach club design with a different perspective, and it lost him footing with golf 's good old boys.
"I have no question that there were some of the old guard that got together on that," says John Solheim of the controversy. Though the current CEO is reluctant to name names, he will admit that, "during the groove issue there were some people who kept prodding the USGA—a lot."
It's worth noting that the PGA, which carried on its court battles with PING long after the USGA reached an agreement with the club maker, was feeling considerable pressure from its sponsors to continue questioning PING's viability. The PGA derives a sizable amount of income from club makers. Although its stated purpose as an organization is to protect player interests, a quick perusal of their current website yields motion ads from Titleist in the top two advertising spots.
The legal battles of the early '90s took their toll on PING and Karsten Solheim. John says his father's inherent fight came, in part, from his heritage. "Part of that Norwegian that's in you, your mind sticks on something and you can't get it out of [there]." Karsten's grandson, Andy, has an additional theory, "A lot of what got to him was that some people questioned his integrity." For people to believe on any level that he was trying to cheat through design would have been the ultimate insult to Solheim. Ultimately, PING would be recognized as having no malicious intent regarding its non-conforming design and the clubs would be grandfathered in and allowed for play. But the damage had been done.
In 1995, John Solheim made a move at a board meeting to replace Karsten as company president. He had previously broached the subject with his father, but, "He wouldn't have anything to do with it. But he knew he was slipping. So I told him at a board meeting that I would like to nominate him as chairman and I would like for him to nominate me as president. He and my mother discussed it for a few minutes and then he did it."
Karsten Solheim remained chairman until his death in 2000 from complications of Parkinson's disease. His children and grandchildren continue to run the company, which has not only regained its position atop the golf equipment industry, but has continued to attempt to emulate the innovative spirit of its founder. It is rumoured that the technology behind the Best Golf Ball Retriever systems have been influenced by him. Concepts such as perimeter weighting, investment casting and custom fitting matter today because of Solheim.
Holder, now athletic director at OSU, says they broke the mold after they forged Solheim. "There's not gonna be another one. Karsten was pretty special. There was nothing conventional about him. He was a genius."


text:
Content Providers & Online Service Providers Associations Join Forces to Curb Online Content Theft
by Dot.Asia | Jul 14, 2011 | .Asia Community News, .Asia News
Twelve Leading Industry Stakeholders Sign Letter of Intent to Use Technical Measures to Protect Copyright Online
Download: [ PDF ]
Hong Kong – Twelve leading associations from the content industry and online services industry today signed a Letter of Intent committing them to work together to combat online content theft using through the use of technical measures.
The Letter of Intent was signed at the Fourth ISP Symposium in Macao by the following stakeholders:
Hong Kong Internet Service Providers Association (HKISPA)
Mr. York Mok, Chairman
Hong Kong Motion Picture Industry Association Limited (MPIA)
Mr. Brian Chung, Chief Executive
Hong Kong Theatres Association Limited (HKTA)
Ms. Fanny Lam, Executive Officer
Hong Kong Video Development Foundation Limited (HKVDF)
Ms. Clera Chu, Vice Chairman
International Federation Against Copyright Theft (Greater China) (IFACT-GC)
Mr. Sam Ho, Executive Director and General Manager
International Federation of Creativity and Technology (IFOCAT)
Mr. Paul Fung, President
International Intellectual Property Protection Centre (IIPPC)
Mr. Johnny Ho, Director
Movie Producers and Distributors Association of Hong Kong Limited (MPDA)
Mr. Tony Shu, Executive Secretary
Internet Society Hong Kong (ISOC-HK)
Mr. Charles Mok, Chairman
Online Service Providers Alliance (OSPA)
Mr. Joe Lam, Chairman
Sun Network (Hong Kong) Limited (Sun Network)
Mr. David Wong, General Manager
The Letter of Intent was signed
"In order to provide a healthy platform for legitimate online business and strengthen copyright protection in the digital environment, we jointly agree to apply appropriate and enforceable technical measures to drive out infringing content from the Internet, with a balance towards protecting freedom of expression and fostering creativity on the Internet."
The Symposium is the fourth annual gathering of stakeholders involved in providing online services and content and focused this year on "Community, Content Protection and Co-operation", discussing online user behaviour, technology developments, and cooperative technological measures for online content protection.
A 2010 report on The Economic Contribution of the Hong Kong Film and Television Industry commissioned by the IFACT-GC confirmed that in 2008 the industries employed more than 32,000 people helping contribute HK$33 billion in gross output and an additional HK$6 billion value-add to Hong Kong's economy.
The report is the first of its kind to comprehensively measuring the direct, indirect and induced economic impacts made by one of Hong Kong's major creative industries – the film and television industry – and underscores the importance of protecting the creative industry's IPR content generated from online theft.
"IPR content like movies entertains us and is a major economic driver, creating wealth and jobs," said Sam Ho, Executive Director and General Manager of the IFACT-GC. "IPR content is worth protecting and this alliance provides the framework for three of the main stakeholders – Hong Kong's content industry, the ISPs /OSPs, and Internet users – to engage and cooperate, to the benefit of all, to curb online content theft."
"This alliance provides a new, innovative approach to curbing the online theft of copyrighted works," said York Mok, Chairman of the HKISPA. "It provides a framework where the interests of consumers, the legitimate online service providers and content creators can all win through the development of successful, competitive business models to deliver legitimate creative content online."
"DotAsia is committed to the continued positive development of the Internet in Asia. The alliance represents a new strategy for an industry-led effort to curb online copyright and intellectual property rights infringement," said Edmon Chung, CEO of the DotAsia. "This also builds on DotAsia's continued joint efforts in international and local initiatives to increase public awareness of Internet issues such as piracy, and to work with Computer Emergency Response Teams, enforcement agencies and other authorities to enhance the security and stability of the Internet in Asia."
"By encouraging consumers and users to use and engage with legitimate digital content platforms this alliance will help ensure that the content creators rather than criminals enjoy the benefits of the hard work, creativity and financial risk that goes into all successful content," said Clera Chu, Vice Chairman of the HKVDF.
Charles Mok, Chairman of the ISOC-HK said "We are confident that the initiatives arising from this alliance will reduce the availability of pirated content and encourage consumers to access copyrighted content from legitimate sources online, while at the same time provide the necessary balance to encourage creative activities by all users."
Joe Lam, Chairman of the OSPA said "I believe that this alliance can protect our intellectual property rights in the digital environment, balancing and ensuring freedom of expression and creativity on the Internet and will not hinder the development of Internet services in Hong Kong."
"While this alliance will reduce the availability of stolen content online it will also level the playing field for many other legitimate content providers who just can't compete with business models that get content free through theft," said Vicky Wong, Chairman of the HKTA. "And that is good for the digital economy and for all legitimate stakeholders."
About the DotAsia: The DotAsia Organisation (DotAsia) is the Sponsoring Organisation and Registry Operator for the .Asia Sponsored Generic Top Level Domain. DotAsia is a not-for-profit, community-based organisation incorporated in Hong Kong. Asia has developed into a global force in the international commercial, political and cultural network and the .Asia domain aspires to embrace this dynamism in the Asia Century to become a nucleus, intersection and breeding ground for Internet activity and development in the region. To learn more about DotAsia, please visit: http://www.registry.asia.
About the HKISPA: The Hong Kong Internet Service Providers Association (HKISPA) was formed in 1989 and has as its membership the majority of ISPs in Hong Kong. The mission of the HKISPA includes: acting as a discussion forum on Internet related matters, the promotion of Internet development in Hong Kong, the promotion of fair competition and codes of practice, and working with government agencies and the public on Internet related issues. More information can be obtained at www.hkispa.org.hk.
About the MPIA: The Hong Kong Motion Picture Industry Association (MPIA) was established in July 1986, to promote and protect the rights and interests of the Hong Kong motion picture industry by aggressively combating intellectual property right infringements, representing members' view on matters of interest to the industry, and representing members in their dealings with the Hong Kong SAR Government and government authorities in other countries.
About the HKTA: The Hong Kong Theatres Association Limited (HKTA) was established in 1950 to represent Hong Kong movie theatre owners. The Association's primary objectives are to lobby the Government on matters such as film classification, copyright, fire safety and venue licensing, to formulate industry rules and to otherwise advance its members interests. In 2006, the Association launched the "International Box Office Essentials", an on-line system providing real-time Hong Kong box office data, film analysis reports and information on international reported grosses from over 35 countries worldwide.
About the HKVDF: The Hong Kong Video Development Foundation Limited (HKVDF) is a non-profit organization aimed at promoting the Hong Kong video industry. It was formed in March 2003 with 10 video distribution companies as members. With the video industry maturing, products and formats becoming more diversified and new business opportunities opening up, the Foundation plays a role as a network and contact point for industry members. Through positive action and input, the Foundation seeks to nurture a sustainable and profitable business environment and strengthen the interest and dedication of its members and other players in the industry, developing video entertainment to new heights.
About the IFACT-GC: The International Federation Against Copyright Theft – Greater China (IFACT-GC) was established in 2006 by the Motion Picture Association to protect the film industry in the Greater China region from the adverse impact of copyright theft. In 2008, the film and TV industry in Hong Kong contributed HK$33 billion and generated a total of HK$6 billion value-add to the local economy creating more than 32,000 jobs in 1,170 businesses. IFACT-GC works closely with its supporters, government and enforcement authorities to protect the Greater China film and television industry, retailers and movie fans. For more information about the IFACT-GC, please visit www.ifact-gc.org.
About the IFOCAT: The International Federation of Creativity and Technology (IFOCAT) was established in May 2010 is a non-profit organization composed of the elites from IT, education, legal, music, movie, animation, comic, design, manufacturer and enterprise industries. IFOCAT provides a legally protected exchange platform for innovation through participation, interaction, observation and education, to unite the elites and related enterprises from the creative and technological industries around the world to develop creative opportunities for the next generation. For more information about the IFOCAT, please visit www.ifocat.org.
About the IIPPC: The International Intellectual Property Protection Centre (IIPPC) was established in October 2001 to provide a comprehensive range of services to protect the interests of audio-visual media rights owners by acting as the rights owners' authorized representative and working closely with interested stakeholders including chambers of commerce, rights owners associations and law enforcement agencies. The IIPPC is committed to maximizing synergy, effectiveness and value for money in detecting and fighting piracy and counterfeiting activities by ensuring effective enforcement action against infringers. IIPIA's focus is on fast, effective investigations by proactively encouraging the exchange of tactical and strategic intelligence amongst all stakeholders, reducing costs and maximizing synergy by encouraging cooperative investigations, and minimizing the time required for the investigation and prosecution process.
About the MPDA: The Movie Producers and Distributors Association of Hong Kong Limited (MPDA) was founded in 1979 as a non-profit making association and has members in over 95% of Hong Kong SAR and mainland China motion picture and audio visual companies. The major professional services provided include representing members' interests and concerns, assisting members protect their intellectual property rights particularly against the copyright infringement, and issuing certificates of copyright ownership and distribution rights to members.
About the ISOC-HK: The Internet Society Hong Kong (ISOC-HK) is the local chapter organization of the Internet Society (ISOC), a professional membership society with over 20,000 individual members in over 180 countries, providing leadership in all issues confronting the current and future Internet. ISOC-HK was formed in 2005 by local veteran Internet professionals with the mission of improving the practice of Internet governance and online civil society in Hong Kong.
About the OSPA: The Online Service Providers Alliance (OSPA) is a platform to bring together policy makers, professionals from related fields, and stakeholders from the community, to advise on and promote methods for achieving the goal of providing better online services to society. OSPA is also active in setting up mechanism for OSPs to combat Internet problems including defamation, copyright infringement, and inappropriate and illegal content provided by third parties while balancing the need to ensure freedom of expression and the development of Internet services in Hong Kong. OSPA was formed in 2010 by the Internet Professional Association (iProA) and ten founding member web sites, major trading websites: Baby-Kingdom.com, FoodEasy.com, HKGolden.com, Qooza.hk, sina.com.hk, TradeDuck.com, Travellife.org, 28hse.com, 28phone.com and the Hong Kong operation of the international trading web site eBay.com.hk.
About the Sun Network: The Sun Network (Hong Kong) Limited (Sun Network), an Information Technology services company, was established in 2006. It focuses on providing a premium network to help its customers grow their businesses. By servicing global clients' data, the Sun Network delivers product choices, expert services and superior support. The Sun Network has applied innovative solutions to improve efficiency, and maximize performance to increase enterprise agility and proactively addresses its customers' needs. In order to provide a healthy platform for legitimate online businesses and strengthen copyright protection in the digital environment, Sun network is committed to work closely with content providers and to fight against online content theft. For more information about the Sun Network, please visit www.sun.net.hk.
Karri Ho
IFACT-GC
Tags: co-operation, community, Content provider, copyright, Online Content Theft, online service provider
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DotAsia Board Meeting Minutes Oct 29, 2020 October 29, 2020
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'Journey Of The Soul' is an inspirational talk led by Ustadh Wahaj Tarin, a special guest speaker from Australia.
Ustadh will be leading a powerful talk and reminding us of the importance to make the most of Ramadan and to purify the soul.
The lecture based on the reality of death, grave and hereafter, which we will all face.
Friday 19th April will be held at East London and London Muslim Centre at 5:30pm.
Saturday 20th April will be held at Edmonton Islamic Centre at 6:30pm.
Sunday 21st April will be held at Sparkbrook Central Mosque in Birmingham, at 5:30pm.
For further information, please contact Shabana on 0779 9620 616.


text:
130 million Nigerians Are Poor – FG
The Federal Government, through the National Bureau of Statistics, on Thursday said 130 million Nigerians are poor.
In its 2022 Multidimensional Poverty Index Survey released in Abuja on Thursday, the NBS said the figure represents 63 per cent of the nation's population.
It added that the poverty index is mostly experienced in rural areas especially in the north with women and children being the most affected.
Channels Television reports that the survey was conducted by the NBS, the National Social Safety-Nets Coordinating Office (NASSCO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
It was gathered that the measure used to calculate the figure was based on Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) with five components of health, living standard, education, security, and unemployment.
DSS Busts Syndicate Selling New Naira Notes
N2.72 trillion Old Naira Notes Hidden In People's Homes – Emefiele
CBN Blinks, Extends Deadline For Swap Of Old N200, N500, N1,000 Notes To Feb 10
Buhari Orders Speedy Distribution Of New N200, N500, N1,000 Notes
According to the survey, over 50 per cent of children across the country are affected by poverty.
In his remarks, the Statistician-General of the Federation, Mr Adeyemi Adeniran, noted that 56,610 households were surveyed and areas such as health, education, living standards, food security, water reliability, underemployment, security shocks, and school attendance were considered.
While the multidimensional poverty index stood at 27 per cent in Ondo State, the figure is estimated at 90 per cent in Sokoto state.
Tags: indexNigerianspovertystatistics
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Kogi Threatens To Sue EFCC Over Harassment Of State Officials
I-GP Deploys New Police Commissioners To Kano, Zamfara, Enugu
ACF spokesman, Emmanuel Yawe is dead
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Find a Testing Lab
Resources for Your Practice & Patients
Ovarian Cancer (OC)
Breast Cancer (BC)
Staging & Resectability in NSCLC
Other Biomarkers
Role in Tumor Cell Survival
Importance of Testing
How to Test: Sample Collection
EGFR Diagnostic Assays
PD-L1 Diagnostic Assays
Actionable Biomarkers
Emerging Biomarkers
Pre-test Evaluation
Interpreting Test Results
mNSCLC Resources
Stage III NSCLC Resources
BC and OC Resources
Accurate and Timely BRCA Mutation Testing Can Help Ensure Patients Receive Appropriate Treatments1
Biomarker testing is a multistep process. Proper testing and quick return of results can help ensure patients receive the most appropriate treatments based on BRCA mutation status.1
CHOOSE a sample type
Tumor tissue or blood samples can be used to detect BRCA mutations and inform treatment decisions2; however, advantages and considerations differ for each sample type.3-5
Tumor samples
Detect germline and somatic BRCA mutations3 but cannot distinguish between them and, therefore, may identify an additional 50% of patients with BRCA mutations6
Must be followed with blood sample testing to determine familial risk4,5
Can inform treatment decisions2
Detect germline BRCA mutations only4
Inform familial risk5
To maximize the number of patients identified through testing4-7:
Test for BRCA mutations using tumor tissue first
If the patient is BRCA mutation–positive, assess germline mutation status using blood samples
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) recommend BRCA1/2 mutation testing in patients with histologically confirmed OC. If not previously done, tumor molecular testing for BRCA1/2 mutations is recommended in patients with recurrent OC.10
COLLECT the sample
The quantity of DNA analyzed can affect the accuracy of the results; therefore, sufficient sample must be collected.1
Collect tumor tissue through a biopsy or during debulking surgery3,11
Ensure tumor cell content is sufficient by confirming sample content via pathology or cytology1
For example: FoundationOne® CDx recommends 30% tumor cell content as optimum, and 20% tumor cell content as the minimum12
Draw sufficient whole blood sample to allow for testing13
For example: BRACAnalysis CDx® requires collection of ≈7 mL of whole blood in a tube containing EDTA (provided in the sample collection kit)13
PROCESS the sample
Samples should be processed quickly and according to specific test instructions to preserve DNA quality.1,14
Preserve promptly after collection in 10% NBF for 8 to 48 hours1
Other fixatives are not recommended (eg, alcohol-based, acidic, or heavy metal fixatives, or decalcifying agents)1
For example: FoundationOne® CDx recommends fixation in 10% NBF for 6 to 72 hours12
Refer to test instructions; processing is typically not required13
For example: BRACAnalysis CDx® requests shipping the whole blood sample to the testing lab at ambient temperatures13
Within your multidisciplinary team, discuss how to reduce the wait time before processing and minimize sample degradation.14
CHOOSE a diagnostic test
Diagnostic tests may use different technologies, such as Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Sanger sequencing
Gold standard15
Highly accurate15
Tests a limited amount of DNA at one time15
Should be supplemented with PCR to detect all types of BRCA mutations7
Used in panel testing to sequence large amounts of DNA in parallel15
More likely to identify a positive result16
More likely to identify unknown variants that are not actionable and, therefore, require more extensive pre-test counseling17
Must be chosen carefully, because panels may test different genes and have a different way of classifying variants18
To optimize turnaround time and cost efficiency, some laboratories offer testing for BRCA mutations first, then automatically reflex to a larger multigene panel if the BRCA mutation test returns negative results.17
FDA-approved tests are available to detect BRCA mutations in OC2
BRACAnalysis CDx®19
FoundationOne® CDx20
Testing technology
PCR and Sanger Sequencing
Whole blood
FFPE tissue
Mutation type
Somatic and germline (but does not distinguish between them)
FoundationOne®CDx20
Find more information about BRACAnalysis CDx®
Find more information about FoundationOne® CDx
NCCN Guidelines recommend NGS testing for somatic BRCA1/2 mutations in patients with histologically confirmed OC.10
CLIA-certified LDTs are available to detect BRCA mutations
Ambry Genetics®24-26
Blood, saliva, buccal swab, or tissue
Germline or somatic (tissue testing cannot distinguish between germline and somatic)
ARUP® Laboratories27,28
GeneDx29
Blood or buccal swab
Invitae30
Whole blood or saliva
Labcorp31,32
Quest DiagnosticsTM33,34
Kew, Inc.35-38,†
ARUP® Laboratories@27,28
Laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) are diagnostic tests that are developed and used within a single laboratory. Although not FDA-approved, they meet specific requirements of and are regulated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988.21,22*
* These tests are performed in laboratories that adhere to performance specifications established by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 under the regulation of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. They are not FDA approved.21,23
†Kew, Inc. is CLIA-certified in all states except New York.
Find more LDTs, along with contact information for the testing laboratories.
LDTs are not the same as direct-to-consumer commercial tests39
Direct-to-consumer tests have varying levels of evidence to support their claims, and few have been reviewed by the FDA.39 Therefore, care must be taken when interpreting results from direct-to-consumer tests.39
Appropriate sample collection, processing, and testing are key in determining BRCA mutation status and making informed treatment decisions.1,14
Learn about interpreting BRCA mutation test results
BC, breast cancer; BRCA, breast cancer susceptibility gene; CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; LDT, laboratory-developed test; NBF, neutral buffered formalin; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; NGS, next-generation sequencing; OC, ovarian cancer; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
References: 1. Capoluongo E et al. Semin Oncol. 2017;44(3):187-197. 2. FDA. www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/InVitroDiagnostics/ucm301431.htm. Updated March 11, 2019. Accessed April 16, 2019. 3. Robson ME et al. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(31):3660-3667. 4. Robson ME et al; American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(5):893-901. 5. George A et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;14(5):284-296. 6. Vergote I et al. Eur J Cancer. 2016;69:127-134. 7. Wallace AJ. Eur J Hum Genet. 2016;24(suppl 1):S10-S18. 8. Pal T et al. Cancer. 2005;104(12):2807-2816. 9. Pennington KP et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(3):764-775. 10. Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Ovarian Cancer Including Fallopian Tube Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer V1.2020. © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2020. All rights reserved. Accessed March 16, 2020. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. 11. National Collaborating Centre for Cancer. Ovarian Cancer: The Recognition and Initial Management of Ovarian Cancer. Cardiff, UK: National Collaborating Centre for Cancer; 2011. 12. FoundationOne®CDx [specimen instructions]. Cambridge, MA: Foundation Medicine, Inc.; 2018. 13. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration (FDA). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/206162Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf. Accessed October 26, 2018. 14. Leyland-Jones BR et al. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(34):5638-5644. 15. Rizzo JM, Buck MJ. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012;5(7):887-900. 16. O'Leary E et al. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):3060-3066. 17. Stanislaw C et al. Cancer Biol Med. 2016;13(1):55-67. 18. Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic V1.2020. © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2019. All rights reserved. Accessed March 3, 2020. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. 19. BRACAnalysis CDx® [technical information]. Salt Lake City, UT: Myriad Genetics Laboratories, Inc.; 2017. 20. FoundationOne®CDx [technical information]. Cambridge, MA: Foundation Medicine, Inc.; 2017. 21. Fitzgibbons PL et al; College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138(11):1432-1443. 22. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/invitrodiagnostics/laboratorydevelopedtests/default.htm. Updated October 12, 2018. Accessed October 26, 2018. 23. CMS. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/index.html?redirect=/clia. Updated September 19, 2018. Accessed October 26, 2018. 24. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). https://www.ambrygen.com/file/material/view/759/CLIA_EXP_5.29.20.pdf. Effective May 30, 2018. Accessed October 26, 2018. 25. Ambry Genetics®. https://www.ambrygen.com/clinician/genetic-testing/23/oncology/brca1-and-brca2. Accessed October 26, 2018. 26. Ambry Genetics®. https://www.ambrygen.com/clinician/specimen-requirements. Accessed October 26, 2018. 27. ARUP® Laboratories. https://www.aruplab.com/testing/licensure-accreditations. Accessed May 23, 2019. 28. ARUP® Laboratories. http://ltd.aruplab.com/tests/pub/2011954. Accessed May 23, 2019. 29. GeneDx. https://www.genedx.com/test-catalog/specialty/oncology. Accessed May 23, 2019. 30. Invitae. https://www.invitae.com/en/physician/tests/50002/#info-panel-assay_information. Accessed May 23, 2019. 31. Labcorp. https://www.labcorp.com/sites/default/files/LabCorp_Phoenix%2C%20AZ_CLIA_03D0528350_Expires20210208.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2019. 32. Labcorp. https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/21366/brca12-comprehensive-analysis-brcassure%C2%AE. Accessed May 23, 2019. 33. Quest DiagnosticsTM. http://www.questvantage.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/25654_SB3428_BRCAvantage_Oncologist_Brochure_V2_MT_060914.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2019. 34. Quest DiagnosticsTM. https://www.questdiagnostics.com/home/about/locations/licenses-accreditations. Accessed May 23, 2019. 35. Kew, Inc. https://kewinc.com/kew-inc/. Accessed May 23, 2019. 36. Kew, Inc. https://kewinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Full-gene-list.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2019. 37. Kew, Inc. https://kewinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Specimen-Handling-Instructions.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2019. 38. Kew, Inc. https://kewinc.com/kews-cancerplex-molecular-diagnostic-test-made-available-cancer-patients-eu-mytomorrows-platform/. Accessed May 23, 2019. 39. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/vitro-diagnostics/direct-consumer-tests. Updated November 1, 2018. Accessed May 23, 2019.
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There aren't many of us swimming about and diving in the North Atlantic all year around. Film makers try to record and articulate what's occurring in a given situation. After ten years in the seas around Ireland, it felt like a natural thing to turn the mirror on myself, perhaps because of the solitude of my work or perhaps because of an inherent need to understand my own personal journey. The result is this short film.


"They sat on stumps in the dirt." So A House Without a Roof begins with these simple seven words, a personal note by the New York-based photographer Adam Golfer, whose project recently migrated to an inter-genre book composed of equal-parts photographs and short stories that function together, published by the Greenpoint-based Booklyn Press and subsequently shortlisted for Aperture's Paris Photo First PhotoBook Award 2016.
Perpetual knocking and doorlessness (or rooflessness – the title alludes to the practice of refugees avoiding finishing the roofs of temporary houses so as to emblematically proclaim their temporality), of the unfinished or closed-off, carries the book. Each time a text and following image creates meaning via its pairing, it collides in subsequent pages with material that complicates such reading. In a manner similar to the way text functions within a Walid Raad installation or the poetic compilations with archival images of Susan Howe, photographs appear to inform words only long enough to complicate, assembling, to quote Howe, "the confusion or juxtaposition between living truth or acting life." Photographs inserted one atop the other become "like histories asserted and recombined over each other." These seemingly unrelated parts form partial wholes that leave vital, poetic gaps.
This perspectival uncertainty – actual grey area – is also relayed in abrupt, cinematic-like shifts detonated by flips between the images and text, interjecting narratives, and repeating onomatopoeic words such as "click," "clack," "BOOM," "wham," and "bing…" They serve as poetic devices that alternately reference an exterior eye's view from a camera, the noise of military conflict, the mental-scene shifts that occur while wandering through free-associative thoughts, or the psychological syncing when something clicks that puncture and punctuate.
Janna Dyk is an artist and independent curator based in New York. In 2015 she received a MFA from Hunter College, after studying Photography at the School of Visual Arts, and Literature and Spanish Linguistics in undergraduate.


Sophisticated test objects for the quality assurance of optical computed tomography scanners.
Abdul Rahman, AT, Bräuer-Krisch, E, Brochard, T, Adamovics, J, Clowes, SK, Bradley, D and Doran, SJ (2011) Sophisticated test objects for the quality assurance of optical computed tomography scanners. Phys Med Biol, 56 (14). pp. 4177-4199.
Optical computed tomography (CT), in conjunction with radiochromic gels and plastics, shows great potential for radiation therapy dose verification in 3D. However, an effective quality assurance (QA) regime for the various scanners currently available still remains to be developed. We show how the favourable properties of the PRESAGE® radiochromic polymer may be exploited to create highly sophisticated QA phantoms. Five 60 mm diameter cylindrical PRESAGE® samples were irradiated using the x-ray microbeam radiation therapy facility on the ID-17 biomedical beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Samples were then imaged on the University of Surrey parallel-beam optical CT scanner. The sample irradiations were designed to allow a variety of tests to be performed, including assessments of linearity, modulation transfer function (three independent measurements), geometric distortion and the effect of treatment fractionation. It is clear that, although the synchrotron method produces extremely high-quality test objects, it is not practical on a routine basis, because of its reliance on a highly specialized radiation source. Hence, we investigated a second possibility: three PRESAGE® samples were illuminated with ultraviolet light of wavelength 365 nm, using cheap masks created by laser-printing patterns onto overhead projector acetate sheets. There was good correlation between optical densities measured by the CT scanner and the expected UV 'dose' delivered. The results are encouraging and a proposal is made for a scanner test regime based on calibrated and well-characterized PRESAGE® samples.