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Who is Dave Thomas? Rex David 'Dave' Thomas is known as the founder of the Wendy's restaurant chain. Before starting Wendy's, he helped to save the KFC (formerly known as Kentucky Fried Chicken) franchise from going out of business. Mr. Thomas first worked at a Knoxville restaurant as a youngster of 12 years of age, from which he was eventually fired due to a misunderstanding with his boss about a vacation. At 15, he worked at a Hobby House Restaurant in Fort Wayne, Indiana. His father and step-family, at that time, were moving, but he decided to drop out of high school and stay in Fort Wayne. He moved into the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) and started working full time at the Hobby House. This worked out well for him, because through his job at the Hobby House Restaurant, he met none other than Colonel Sanders himself, the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, who would become his mentor. Many years later, in 1962, after a stint in the Korean war as a cook in the United States Army, for which he volunteered, Mr. Thomas invested in and was placed in a managerial position over four of Colonel Sanders' KFC restaurants that were failing. He saw that one of the problems with KFC, and all fast food restaurants of the day, was that they had complicated menus. He worked with Colonel Sanders to drastically simplify the menus, focusing on a few signature meals. This single change helped to turn around the KFC franchise; and, though it was a small thing, it helped revolutionize fast food restaurant menus all over the world. Even to this day, the staple of most fast food restaurants is their overly simplistic menus, focusing on a handful of signature meals. After he had turned these failing KFC restaurants around, he then sold his stake in them back to Colonel Sanders for a significant profit over what he originally paid, receiving $1.5 million in the sale. He took the money and opened the first 'Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers' on 15 November 1969, the restaurant being named after his fourth child, Melinda Lou Thomas. You might ask, "How did they get 'Wendy' out of Melinda Lou Thomas?" This was a nickname given to her, because she could not pronounce her own name when she was young. She would say, "Wenda," which is how she got the nickname 'Wendy' and how the restaurant in turn got its name. 6,000 restaurants later, Wendy's became the third largest hamburger fast food restaurant in the world, with annual revenue of about 7 billion dollars, lagging just behind Burger King with its 12,000 restaurants and McDonald's with its 31,000 restaurants.
As a child, Dave Thomas's favorite restaurant was Kewpee Hamburgers, the second-ever chain of hamburger fast-food restaurants. Their staple items were square hamburgers and thick malt milkshakes, much like Wendy's.
Mr. Thomas is the person responsible for introducing the KFC trademark sign, featuring a revolving red-striped bucket of chicken. He was the first person to successfully implement a drive-through window in a restaurant, which is of course, now available at nearly all fast food restaurants.
Wendy's was the first to successfully create a 'fast food' style restaurant that didn't pre-cook its food or used pre-made frozen items. Dave Thomas credited his ability to do this with the know-how he gained in cooking for more than 2,000 soldiers daily while in the United States Army.
Dave Thomas never met or knew who his biological parents were, other than that they were of Greek descent and that his biological mother was single and dirt poor due the Great Depression of the 1930's.
Mr. Thomas became a Freemason, a member of the Shriners, and an honorary Kentucky Colonel.
Realizing that his success as a high school dropout might convince other teenagers to quit school, something he later admitted was one of his life's greatest mistakes, he later became a student at Coconut Creek High School, and in 1993, he received a G.E.D. (General Education Diploma, an equivalent to a High School Diploma), being voted by his classmates as, "most likely to succeed."
He appeared in more than 800 Wendy's television commercials, achieving the record for "Longest Running Television Advertising Campaign Starring a Company Founder," according to the "Guinness Book of World Records."
Being adopted himself, he founded the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption to help children find homes, and to help them and their new families after the adoption.
In 1979, Mr. Thomas' rags-to-riches story earned him the Horatio Alger Award from the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans.
Upon the passing of his mentor, 'Colonel' Harland Sanders, founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Mr. Thomas ordered that all flags at Wendy's franchises be flown at half-staff. Dave Thomas himself passed on at 69 years of age on 8 January 2002.
If Dave Thomas could do great things with burgers, what can you do, with what you have, where you are?
Wendy's has more than 6,700 restaurants around the world today. For more information, visit https://www.wendys.com/.
Further fantastically fascinating frivolity and factuality await you on the Make Fun Of Life! Website if you will courageously click on any of the colorful words below.
You are now on the Make Fun Of Life! Website . . . where humor, inspiration, and learning are back together again - as they were always meant to be.


Can you tell me a bit about the factors that went into the decision to launch the Fashion Law LL.M. and institute?
When I first defined fashion law as a field and then launched the Fashion Law Institute, our aim was to establish fashion law as a mainstream academic discipline alongside banking law, sports law, securities law, and other existing fields. I heard a lot of laughter at first, but our goal was achieved faster than I'd dreamed. A handful of schools around the world now offer courses in fashion law, and there are fashion law sections in bar associations and many fashion law practice groups in law firms.
The Fashion Law LL.M. grew out of our efforts to make our curriculum available to lawyers around the world who didn't go to Fordham for a J.D. Our initial response to the flood of requests was Fashion Law Bootcamp, our summer intensive courses in which attendees can either take the entirety of my Fashion Law course, or engage in in-depth study of a single issue, like fashion and technology. The Bootcamp is still going strong, and it's a good way for those thinking about an LL.M. to start building their credentials in the field.


Handcrafted sterling silver and 18kt yellow gold pendant with a faceted cushion green amethyst. The stone is accented with a yellow gold rope border around the stone and filigree detail above with a cabochon pink tourmaline at the top. Donated by Hannon Jewelers. Value $2,400. View Necklace.
Elegant 5 course dinner for 10 prepared by Chef Celeste Gill with wine pairings served in the beautiful home of Bubba and Lee Lewis. Donated by Mackie and Marilyn Price.
(3 nights) in a Blue Ridge mountain cabin donated by Chris and Suzanne Andrews and quilt made by Charlene Harp.


Food is one of the best ways to remedy stress. Read through these simple, easy tips to help relax your body.
Soup is a great thing to eat when you are stressed. It's warm and soothing and just makes you want to breathe deeply. Chicken soup is great thing to have, especially if you are fighting off a cold. The steam from the soup helps to clear your nasal passages and generally just has a feel-good taste to it.
Warm milk is another good relaxer. Just like soup, it's perfect for a cold, bitter day. Try making cinnamon milk by adding a sprinkle or two of cinnamon and a bit of honey to spice up a plain cup of milk.
Nuts and seeds are great for relaxation because they are so high in Vitamin E, zinc, and magnesium. Those nutrients help to relax one's brain when taken in large quantities. Brazil nuts, almonds, and sunflowers are good ones to have on hand. The next time you're feeling stressed, eat a large handful of a combination of these nuts and seeds to help relax your body.
Chocolate. Milk chocolate, mint flavored, bits of nuts mixed in. Chocolate is one of those delicious foods you can play around with and put your own twist on. Surprisingly enough, chocolate is an excellent stress reliever. And not just any chocolate, dark chocolate. This is because it contains certain amino acids which help put you in a good mood. But be careful not to eat too much, since dark chocolate does contain some sugar and high amounts of chocolate are not good for your body.
Oatmeal is one of those comfort foods. It not only relaxes your body, but it also is great for soothing things like acne, eczema, or rashes. Eating a heaping bowl of oatmeal in the mornings, especially cold, rainy days is sure to boost your mood and your energy.
This last one is one of the most common relaxers and is right up there with soup and warm milk. Tea, and not ice tea, herbal teas. There are amazing arrays of teas for all kinds of bodily functions, menopausal issues, cramps, pregnancy, stress relief, and sleep inducing. Keep a few bags of herbal tea on hand, and reach for it the next time you're feeling stressed instead of a cup of coffee.
Enjoy these foods along with your new found relaxation! And get new health guide for updated information about natural life style.
Crabbing in Maryland is an experience that first timers will either love or hate. The concept is as simple as it is rustic. You get a bushel of freshly steamed crab, seasoned with a local spice called "Old Bay" (a heady mix of several ingredients including mustard, paprika, bay leaf, pepper, cinnamon, allspice, nutmeg, cardamom, salt, and ginger) a mallet for cracking the shell and not much else other than cold beer and fries.
Getting to Cantler's is as much of an experience as eating there. You'll find it at the end of a single lane road that offers a wide variety of scary looking accommodation, interspersed with some lush looking houses. Given its location on Mill Creek, right on the Chesapeake, you really need a car or taxi (or boat, should you be so lucky!) to get there. Cantler's is a family run business that has been around since 1974. It's eponymous owner worked as a waterman on Chesapeake Bay.
The porch is impressively decorated with both local and national awards and acknowledgements, and leads into a cozy dining-room lined with bench-like tables covered simply with plain thin cardboard table cloths. The restaurant has an outside area right on the creek as well as an inside dining room. It has an obvious nautical theme, and its wood interior and low ceilings give it a real faux-shack feel. The area to the left of the door is dominated by a large bar (which serves food and snacks at bar side stools) and the constantly swinging door in and out of the kitchens. There is a natural bustle to the place that just adds to the atmosphere.
Service was immediate and attentive, with several young ladies in Cantler's T-shirts (yours for only $17.95 in a variety of fashionable colors!) making the rounds to explain the system. Their "Feast" package, includes aforesaid crabs, generous helpings of steamed shrimp, giant, Olympic-sized onion rings, lashings of French fries and tubs of coleslaw, along with buckets of canned beer on ice, including the unlikely-sounding Yeungling's – the oldest continuously operating brewery in the US, operating up the road in Pottsville, Pennsylvania (and anglicized from the German name "Jüngling"). This was all to be polished off by a selection of home-made deserts. A swift crab-cracking tutorial followed before service commenced. Incidentally, those not partial to seafood or alcohol are offered suitable alternatives.
You'll never have to work harder when you've paid to eat. Maryland Blues are around five to seven inches across and getting into them requires a bit of muscle and graft. That said, there is something oddly primeval and satisfying in taking a large wooden mallet to a crustacean, and you kind of get into the flow of things. What they don't tell you is that you'll end up making an almighty mess, so make sure you don't arrive in your Sunday best. The crabs themselves, once you get into them, are perfectly cooked and seasoned, so that dipping them in the little pots of drawn butter provided almost seemed like sacrilege.
Given the crustaceans are the main event, its easy to forget the sides. The onion rings were delicious – real, giant rings of onion covered in a delicate and flavorful batter that didn't overwhelm them. Even the standard French fries were a cut above the ordinary. Only desert was a teeny bit of a let-down, with the archetypical local version of death by chocolate being wheeled out, and proving a little too rich and sickly sweet after three or four forkfuls. There is a display of the "merchandising" in a glass cabinet between the toilets, which, incidentally, were quite small and cramped for a restaurant the size of Cantler's, and as such, not particularly clean.
Appetizers go for around $10, sandwiches around $12, and mains from around $20. Soft drink refills are free, and as mentioned before, they also do a limited menu of steaks, ribs and chicken for "land lovers". Tipping is expected, with 18% added for service to groups of ten or more. If you're planning on going, their web site (www.cantlers.com) is a must visit, providing directions, booking details, opening times, recipes and several how-to guides on buying, preparing and eating crab. Parking on-site is limited, so car-pooling is suggested, and if you're lucky enough to be going by boat, there is free mooring for patrons. They are open seven days a week, and will not take bookings during their busy season, so its first come first served.
So is Cantler's worth the diversion? Absolutely. Its reputation as a local institution is well justified. Sure, your hands will be stinking of crab and you'll be sweating out Old Bay for a few days, but it's well worth the experience – and that's what it is really – a social experience that's perfect for a fun night out, provided no one is too fussy to join in.


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build/msc 3 test.txt | gnuplot -p -e "$PREFIX splot '<cat' using 2:3:4:1 with points palette"
build/test_custom_struct | gnuplot -p -e "$PREFIX splot '<cat' using 2:3:4:1 with points palette"
build/test_1d_flat_vector | gnuplot -p -e "$PREFIX plot '<cat' using 2:1"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When it came to decorating cupcakes for Valentine's Day, my brainstorming session only went so far before I just gave into what I suppose Hallmark has engraved into my head. (Isn't that right, Rah?) Let's do this, Valentine's Day Cupcakes. White, pink, and red fondant? Check! Roses, hearts, and little hugs and kisses (XOXO's)? Check! Check! Check!
As much as I love uniformity, there is something really fun about a set of cupcakes where each one is slightly different. It helps, of course, to carry out a shape or set of colors on each one to tie it all together.
This little rose made out of fondant was actually pretty fun to make. It's pretty incredible what someone like Ron Ben-Israel can do with sugar flowers. I'm not there yet, but I plan to get in more practice with fondant and gum paste flowers.
I had fun using my new "leather stamping set" letters. I got the alphabet set with the intention of using the letters to emboss fondant. I really like the way these turned out and can't wait to use the lettering on other projects.
I didn't have heart shaped cookie cutters, but I managed to cut these hearts out using square and round cutters. Not too bad, considering.
Now it's time to start thinking about a Valentine's Day Cake... Oh, and the cookies! Don't forget the cookies!


VILLA PACIFIC! Absolutely lovely 2 bedroom, 2 bath 958 sq ft condo. Tastefully updated with gleaming white kitchen cabinets, granite counters & tile flooring in kitchen & both bathrooms. New/newer stainless appliances. Full dining room join s living room with gas fireplace. Master ensuite features stylish frameless shower. Fantastic covered, south facing balcony overlooks serene treed area perfect for relaxing or entertaining. BONUS - 2 parking stalls, gym, plus storage & bike lockers. Live close to everything - shopping, restaurants, library, transit & walking tails. Very well maintained building.


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You are currently browsing the archives for Outerwear.
January 17th, 2022 All · Designers · Outerwear · Sportswear
Tags: Fusalp, fuseau, gstaad, mathilde lacoste, philippe lacoste, ski jacket, ski pants, ski wear, sophie lacoste, stirrup pants
While being in the mountains, I am always looking for ways to keep me warm whilst staying stylish and maintaining functionality when hitting the slopes, taking a walk and enjoying the après-ski of course. One brand that combines technicity, functionality and elegance perfectly is FUSALP – a must if you want to fulfill your retro fantasies or if you are looking for some of the most stylish, modern high-performance clothing for the slopes.
In 1952, two visionary tailors from Annecy decided to introduce entrepreneurship to their savoir-faire by creating ski garments, including the skin-tight iconic «fuseau» stirrup pants. Born in the heart of the French Alps, FUSALP – which takes its name from an abbreviation of «fuseau from the Alps» – has a signature style that makes it the perfect choice for a returning community of connoisseurs in France as well as around the world.
Generations of ski champions have performed in FUSALP at international competitions since the '60s, and made the brand famous by sharing values of discipline, performance and elegance.
A controlling stake in the company was acquired in 2013 by Sophie and Philippe Lacoste, former shareholders and heirs of the Lacoste brand. Their objective was to reinvent and revitalize FUSALP and to introduce its quality products to new segments, also with the help of experienced shareholders such as Florac who understood the ready-to-wear market and could drive the brand's international expansion.
Mathilde Lacoste
Today, under the creative vision of Mathilde Lacoste, wife of Philippe Lacoste, FUSALP has experienced strong growth. The designer orchestrates a balanced equation of tradition and modernity, as well as innovation and style, by constantly exploring the savoir-faire and historic codes of the brand. She designs contemporary collections for both winter and summer, for the slopes as well as the city.
Chloé x FUSALP
Since last winter, fashionistas around the globe have been craving for FUSALP's stylish collaboration with Chloé. This line of ski clothing and accessories offers a '70s spirit and a care-free dash. The two iconic French brands have combined their feminine spirits and dynamic fashion visions to create a versatile capsule collection.
Once you try a FUSALP outfit, you will immediately love the comfort and the way you can move. When I visited the FUSALP store, located at Promenade 74 in Gstaad, I went for this orange combo, that will accompany me, with comfort and elegance, during my escapades in the mountains.
FUSALP – at the peak of style!
DISCLOSURE: This post is sponsored. However, I am truly loving it!
@fusalp #FusalpFamily #MoveInFusalp
Max Mara The Cube
December 26th, 2021 All · Classics · Outerwear
Tags: Cameluxe, Max Mara, camel hair, coats, functional outerwear
Let me introduce you to Max Mara The Cube. Born in 2008, it is an integrated system of outerwear and accessories, a collection of quilted coats and jackets neatly packaged into cubed carry-cases for on-the-go women. This celebrated range shows Max Mara's commitment to innovation, that sets it apart from anything else in the fashion industry, by combining unparalleled warmth-to-weight functionality and adaptable styling.
The Max Mara The Cube's design is so innovative that it has been «boxed» into the display cases at the Berlin State Museums and New York's FIT, as a «cult object» in the «Fashion and Technology» exhibitions.
This season, Max Mara takes The Cube collection to the next level. The Italian fashion house is synonymous with camel hair. The legendary coats have been crafted from this sustainable fiber that is collected from the camel as it naturally sheds. The excess camelhair fabric of the Max Mara coats is upcycled to create a new coat with a sustainable padding, the Cameluxe, an ultra-fine material used as insulation for a new generation of The Cube – the integrated system of outerwear and accessories that has been around the «block» a few times.
Luxury, high-performance outerwear – and its neat travel bag – modern fashion, cubed. I am loving it and will show you soon how I am combining it.
TO SHOP MAX MARA THE CUBE, CLICK HERE PLEASE.
Photos: © Max Mara and David Biedert Photography
The North Face x Gucci – Second Chapter
December 4th, 2021 All · Lifestyle · Limited Editions · Men · Outerwear
Tags: Gucci, The North Face, forest-themed motifs, geometric patterns, hooded cotton-blend canvas-jacquard down jacket, logo prints
The North Face and Gucci collaborate on the second chapter of designs that celebrates the spirit of exploration and pushes the limits of tradition. The latest selection of ready-to-wear and accessories embraces self-discovery through a mix of bold logo prints, geometric patterns and forest-themed motifs.
From jackets and T-shirts to cats, from backpacks to tracking boots, a massive selection of 126 co-branded pieces with an outdoor-inspired feel is available now.
My absolute favorite piece from the second chapter is the hooded cotton-blend canvas-jacquard down jacket . The sizing runs pretty big. I am wearing an XXS.
The collection is colorful and vibrant. TO SHOP THE SECOND CHAPTER OF THE NORTH FACE x GUCCI, CLICK HERE PLEASE.
Photos: © Sandra Bauknecht and © Gucci
Balenciaga's Insane Astronaut Jacket
July 21st, 2021 All · Objects of Desire · Outerwear
Tags: Space Parka, astronaut jacket, balenciaga, nasa, space travel
Your next dream destination? It might be an intergalactic exploration if your budget allows for a 28$ million trip to space with Jeff Bezos or to accompany Richard Branson on another space test-flight. The global super-rich are taking joyrides in viewing our planet from above.
If you are a fashionista, your space race is on this season. Several designers have tapped into the «Living on Mars» trend, with BALENCIAGA offering the most authentic interpretation. Now you can look like you accompanied Bezos to space without spending millions of dollars, a few thousands are just enough.
The most insane and most expensive piece of the collection is the so-called Space Parka. First spotted in the label's F/W 2021 video game presentation, this puffy coat takes inspiration from retro NASA spacesuits. It's made from distressed white shell and has an oversized fit that's almost gravity-defying. Playful finishing touches include appliqués, buckles and straps.
Interesting to know is that as authentic as some of the collection's pieces look, they are not launched in collaboration with NASA. You can use the space center's logo, even free of charge, as long as the design is submitted to the Multimedia Division of NASA's Office of Communications and the agency approves the specific uses. Ranging from €95 to €3990, the Maison's NASA capsule that includes also graphic tees, polos, hoodies, socks, and co-branded baseball caps, can be found at select stores or the brand's website.
Certain pieces are only available for pre-order. If you love the Space Parka as much as I do (it definitely deserves a spot in my museum), you can order it now at NET-A-PORTER. Sorry guys, size FR34 went straight to me :-)…
Space lovers can get the full look with silver Chevalier 110MM Booties, cyberpunk aluminum sunglasses, and logo-bearing handbags.
Who doesn't want to walk around looking like an astronaut? And it probably leaves less carbon footprint than the hour-long joyride that will have a staggering impact on the planet.
Photos: © Balenciaga
Acqua di Parma x FILA
June 15th, 2021 All · Beauty · Limited Editions · Outerwear
Tags: 1, 100 numbered, ACQUA DI PARMA x FILA 110th Anniversary sets, Blu Mediterraneo Arancia di Capri, Carlo Magnani, acqua di parma, colonia, fila, limited-edition sets, terry-lined tyvek windbreaker
On the occasion of its 110th anniversary, FILA celebrates its Italian heritage and its innovative spirit rooted in tradition, by partnering with icons of Italian excellence and embarking on a journey that highlights the spirit of Italian culture through unprecedented dialogues and unexpected collaborations. The spirit of Italy is reflected in the art of wellbeing, where meticulously made objects define an all encompassing lifestyle.
The Italian journey for FILA begins with a collaboration with ACQUA DI PARMA, a symbol of the Italian Arte di Vivere, the unique and vibrant mix of all that is loved about Italy – its nature, culture, and art. With a heritage almost as longstanding as FILA, ACQUA DI PARMA has been a symbol of Italian excellence, craftsmanship and style since 1916 when Carlo Magnani created Colonia, a personal fragrance destined for timeless success. Synonymous with the most sophisticated Italian style, ACQUA DI PARMA today is a leading player in the international luxury landscape, a Maison that draws on tradition to reinterpret it, while innovating and evolving, exactly like FILA.
Modernity, ease, dynamism, and a love for the vibrancy of the sun and open-air landscapes drenched in golden rays define both FILA and ACQUA DI PARMA, purveyors of a luminous Italian lifestyle. The collaboration happens en plein air, in the Mediterranean, and takes the shape of 1,100 numbered, limited-edition sets, presented in ACQUA DI PARMA's signature sunny yellow and marked with vertical stripes in FILA's iconic red and navy hues.
Inside, the two worlds are merged together as Blu Mediterraneo Arancia di Capri meets a terry-lined tyvek windbreaker, a replica of FILA's iconic Aqua style from 1976, where a dash of turquoise and white was added to the blue that was signature for sailing, becoming a sportswear staple for boating. The journey begins by immersing in the scent and putting on the jacket, into the sunniest Italian fantasy, charging ahead with the feeling of being alive in a boost of energy and positivity.
ACQUA DI PARMA x FILA 110th Anniversary sets are exclusively available on acquadiparma.com and FILA.com.
FILA and ACQUA DI PARMA, two Italian icons, meet under the Mediterranean light to celebrate over a century of vibrant life. Grab this limited edition collab between FILA and ACQUA DI PARMA while you still can!
Photos: © Rian Davidson / Sandra Bauknecht
DISCLOSURE: This post is sponsored.
#aquadiparma #fila #fila110 #filaglobal #italianicons
@acquadiparma_official @fila_global
Marnifesto
June 9th, 2021 All · Art · Charity · Outerwear · Summer 2021
Tags: Alliance of Artists Communities, Camilla Nickerson, Christie's Jewels & Handbags Online, Francesco Risso, Jess Maybury, Jonah Hill, Julien d'Ys, Michelle Elie, Mykki Blanco, marni, marnifesto
Christie's Jewels & Handbags Online: The London Edit from 9 to 23 June will present four one-of-a-kind pieces from Marni's SS21 Marnifesto collection, sold to benefit the Alliance of Artists Communities, an international association of artist residencies that support artists of any discipline in the development of new creative work. The selection of Marnifesto highlights will comprise of upcycled leather coats from the brand's archives, featuring hand-painted words and drawings inspired by Marni's community. The online auction will open on 9 June, with bidding starting from £100, and the unique pieces will be available to view at Christie's London from 11 to 16 June.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, Marni's creative director Francesco Risso opened up a dialogue between the talents, photographers and creative consultants who have collaborated with the brand over the years, including Mykki Blanco, Jonah Hill, Michelle Elie, Julien d'Ys, Camilla Nickerson, Jess Maybury among others. Exploring creativity and new ways of working during lockdown, this epistolary chain served as the inspiration for the resulting Marnifesto collection, conceived as a celebration of human connections, love, freedom and self-expression.
Once back in the studio, Marni's treasured archives served as a neutral canvas, with previous collections upcycled and transformed into one-of-a-kind pieces, hand-painted with poetry, words and motifs collected during lockdown. Spontaneous brush strokes adorn these wearable pieces of art, beauty born out of challenges and an exploration of the future while paying tribute to the past.
Rachel Koffsky, Christie's International Senior Specialist, Handbags & Accessories: «We are delighted to partner with Marni to offer four one-of-a-kind, wearable works of art from the 2021 Spring-Summer Marnifesto Collection. Made during the pandemic, hand painted in the Marni atelier in Italy, each unique piece represents a Love Letter from Marni collaborators to Francesco Risso, the fashion community and the world at large. One year later, this collection could not be more resonant. The eclectic, hand-painted nature of the collection represents the do-it-yourself sensibility which came to the fore at the beginning of the pandemic. While some of us baked sourdough, or learned to knit, the Marni atelier used their craft to make sense of this uncertain time, and to heal the community. Reflecting this, Marni has dedicated a portion of the proceeds to benefit the Alliance of Artists Communities. At this time, we need art more than ever, and to support artists and artist communities in need.»
Part of my personal collection: Trunk hand-painted leather shoulder bag by Marni
Francesco Risso, Marni's Creative Director: «These one-off pieces reverberate the emotions among the Marni community during the Covid-19 pandemic, and they are the result of a collective effort in a time of uncertainty and hope. We gave a new interpretation to the beautiful garments we found in our archives by hand-painting the words and drawings collected throughout the lockdown. Because these pieces transcend time and go beyond fashion, we are extremely proud to present them through Christie's, hoping they will resonate further and ultimately enter the life of those who are willing to treasure them.»
Photos: Courtesy of Marni
My Look: Gstaad Experience
January 10th, 2021 All · Outerwear · Sandra`s Closet
Tags: Chanel, Dolce & Gabbana, Gstaad experience, LV Timeless metallic stole, RECCO® system, Roll-neck jersey sweater, dior, louis vuitton, medium shearling bobby bag in grey, printed silk scarf, rose print ski trousers, vintage white mink ear muffs
Here is the outfit I wore for my Gstaad experience last week. Cozy and warm, yet stylish, waterproof and protective, wearing a great ski suit makes you look awesome on the slopes and is also perfect for all other activities in the mountains.
Great news is that this ski suit is equipped with the RECCO® system. Since its launch in the 80's, this rescue system has become the standard bearer in avalanche search and rescue technology. It's always on and ready to go with no batteries that might run out and lasts a lifetime. For the wearer the system consists of a permanently attached «reflector» which is sewn into the Dolce & Gabbana outerwear pieces. When an avalanche happens, professional rescuers pull out a RECCO® detector which scans the slide area for signals and allows them to easily find those lost under the snow.
My look: Tropical rose print ski jacket , matching tropical rose print ski trousers, printed silk scarf, and roll-neck jersey sweater , all by Dolce & Gabbana, Trekkgirl snow boots by Valentino, vintage white mink ear muffs by CHANEL, medium shearling Bobby bag in grey by Dior, and LV Timeless metallic stole by Louis Vuitton.
January 8th, 2021 All · Lifestyle · Limited Editions · Men · Outerwear
Tags: Gucci, Pokémon GO, The North Face, The North Face x Gucci, camping, gucci pin, hiking, outdoor, tent
This will be probably THE collaboration of 2021! A collaboration which connects two brands with similar history and values, The North Face x Gucci celebrates the spirit of exploration in select locations around the world. Both brands have rich archives, and favoured pushing innovation and breaking the rules. The resulting collection features pieces with unique and distinguishing details to be kept for a lifetime.
We all are dreaming of getting away. Especially in the midst of a global pandemic that has so many of us huddled close to home constantly, it's an alluring collection, in which we could go camping and hiking in style. I mean who wouldn't like to sleep in a The North Face x Gucci tent!
The launch has happened very exclusively with just a few clients having the opportunity to shop the collection starting on the 8th of January online. I was among those fashion victims (haha) that clicked on the «add to basket button» and was lucky to get the must-have logo bomber jacket that sold out in seconds.
The collection is also available in a Gucci Pin – pop-up shop in Berlin from the 9th of January and in a few other uniquely designed spaces around the globe. From the end of January, the collection will be available to the public.
Real world meets virtual world: The North Face x Gucci collection is also available for avatars in Pokémon GO. Do you like the ready-to-wear, soft accessories, luggage, and shoes, as well as unexpected items for your next adventure?
The Teddy Bear Icon Coat by Max Mara
November 14th, 2020 All · Celebrities · Classics · Outerwear
Tags: Max Mara, Max Mara Teddy Bear, camel hair coat, cozy coat, hailey bieber, heidi klum, julia roberts, karlie kloss, outerwear, rosie huntington-whiteley, teddy bear icon coat
Founded in the city of Reggio Emilia in 1951, Max Mara represents the «epitome of Italian quality and craftsmanship.» The brand is adored for its coats and modern, sophisticated approach to wardrobe classics that transcend seasons and trends. Beautiful fabrics define each collection.
My personal hero piece: Teddy Bear Icon camel hair and silk-blend coat by Max Mara
An ode to extravagance in both form and fabric, the Teddy Bear coat shot to icon status on its debut in 2013. An «It Coat» from conception, the cocoon-like oversized cut and plush faux fur of camel hair on silk make it a must-have for women worldwide; Heidi Klum, Karlie Kloss and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley a among them.
Julia Roberts' favorite: Teddy Bear Icon Short alpaca, wool and silk-blend coat by Max Mara
Teddy Bear Icon wool, alpaca and silk-blend coat by Max Mara
Teddy coats can be seen everywhere, but I do love an original. The Max Mara teddy coat is a true classic, an iconic investment piece. Try it on and you will be instantly transported back to your bed. They are the coolest, coziest and warmest outerwear you can dream of. You won't want to take them off and let's face it, they look so damn good you don't even need to worry about what's underneath them.
On the F/W 2020 runway: Teddy Bear Icon hooded alpaca and wool-blend coat by Max Mara
Photos: Courtesy of Max Mara
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January 21st, 2020 All · Dresses · Outerwear
Tags: Moncler genius, lemlem, lila kebede, moncler, pierpaolo piccioli
F/W 2018 saw the birth of Moncler's innovative Genius line – a groundbreaking series of monthly drops in which the iconic French house teams up with trailblazing designers of the moment. The F/W 2019 offering included Richard Quinn, Simone Rocha and 1952 presenting their signature take on Moncler's key house codes with vibrant patterns from Quinn, elegant British florals from Rocha and bold colour palettes from 1952.
For the newest capsule, Moncler Genius has partnered with no other than Valentino's Creative Director Pierpaolo Piccioli who states dreaminess, extravagance and traditions as inspiration behind those to-die-for pieces. The colour-block motif used for this collection – an exclusive pattern from Lemlem founder Liya Kebede, whose work supports African artisans.
My favorite pieces are below – this gown is an avant-garde alternative to classic eveningwear along with the amazing ski jackets that are perfect for every day.
TO SHOP MONCLER GENIUS, CLICK HERE PLEASE.
Photos: © Moncler
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text:
Shaw B. /
книга «The Giaconda Caper»
The Giaconda Caper
by Bob Shaw
It was a Thursday morning in January—stale and dank as last night's cigar butts—and my office phone hadn't rung all week. I was slumped at the desk, waiting out a tequila hangover, when this tall creamy blonde walked in. The way she was dressed whispered of money, and what was inside the dress hinted at my other hobby—but I was feeling too lousy to take much notice.
She set a flat parcel on my desk and said, "Are you Phil Dexter, the private psi?"
I tipped back my hat and gave her a bleak smile. "What does it say on my office door, baby?"
Her smile was equally cool. "It says Glossop's Surgical Corset Company."
"I'll kill that signwriter," I gritted. "He promised to be here this week for sure. Two months I've been in this office, and …"
"Mr Dexter, do you mind if we set your problems on one side and discuss mine?" She began untying the string on the parcel.
"Not at all." Having lost the initiative, I decided it would be better to improve customer relations. I never saw much sense in private psis trying to talk and act like private eyes, anyway. "How can I help you, Miss …?"
"I'm Carole Colvin." Her brow wrinkled slightly. "I thought you psi people knew all that sort of thing without being told."
"It's a wild talent," I said in a hollow voice, giving my stock response. "There are forces beyond the control of mere humans."
It was always necessary at this point to look sort of fey and hag-ridden, so I stared out through the fanlight and thought about the lawsuit my ex-secretary was bringing against me for non-payment of wages. Carole didn't seem to notice. She finished unwrapping her parcel, took out an unframed oil painting and propped it in front of me.
"What can you tell me about this painting?" she said briskly.
"It'sa good copy of the Mona Lisa,"I replied. "A very clever imitation, but …" My voice faded away of its own accord as the full blast from the canvas hit my extra senses. There was an impression of great age, perhaps five hundred years, and a blurring rush of images—a handsome bearded man in medieval costume, hilly landscapes with dark green vegetation, bronze sculptures, thronged narrow streets of antique cities. Behind this montage, almost obliterated by its brilliance, was the suggestion of a dark place and of a circular wooden frame which might have been part of a large machine.
Carole was regarding me with interest. "It isn't a copy, is it?"
I dragged my jaw back up to its normal position. "Miss Colvin, I'm just about certain this painting was done by Leonardo da Vinci himself."
"You mean it's the Mona Lisa?"
"Well … yes." I gazed at the canvas, paralysed with awe.
"But that isn't possible, is it?"
"We'll soon see." I pressed the button on my computer terminal and said, "Has the Mona Lisa been stolen from the Louvre in Paris?"
The reply came with electronic swiftness. "I cannot answer that question."
"Insufficient data?" I said.
"Insufficient funds," the machine replied. "Until you pay your last three quarterly subscriptions you're getting no more information out of me."
I made a rude sign out through the window in the direction I imagined the central computer to lie. "Who needs you?" I sneered. "It would have been in all the papers if the Mona Lisa had been stolen."
"Then, more fool you for asking," the machine said. I took my finger off the button and smirked desperately at Carole, wishing I hadn't tried to put on a display of computerized efficiency.
She looked at me with what seemed to be increasing coldness. "If you are quite finished, I'll tell you how I got the painting. Or don't you want to hear?"
"I want to. I want to." Realizing I was in danger of losing her business, I sat up straight, looking poised and alert.
"My father was an art dealer and he had a small gallery up in Sacramento," Carole said, folding herself into a chair with an action like honey flowing from a spoon. "He died two months ago and left the business to me. I don't know much about art, so I decided to sell out the whole thing. It was when the inventory was being made up that I found this painting hidden in a safe."
"Nice stroke of luck."
"That remains to be seen. The painting might be worth a few million, or it might be worth a few years in the pen—I want to find out which."
"And so you came to me! Very wise, Miss Colvin."
"I'm beginning to wonder about that. For somebody who's supposed to have a sixth sense you seem a bit deficient in the other five."
I think that was the moment I fell in love with Carole. The reasoning was that if I could enjoy looking at her while being treated like an idiot child, life should get pretty interesting if I could get her to regard me as an intelligent man. I started on that private project there and then.
"Your father never mentioned the painting to anybody?"
"No—that's what makes me wonder if something illegal was going on."
"Have you any idea how he got it?"
"Not really. He was on vacation in Italy last spring, and I remember he seemed rather odd when he got back."
"In what way?"
"Tense. Withdrawn. Not what you'd expect after a vacation."
"Interesting. Let's see if I can pick up something more to go on." I leaned forward and touched the slightly crazed surface of the painting. Once more there was a strong psychic impulse—images of a balding man I knew to be Carole's father, bright glimpses of cities. The latter would have been unknown to me had they not been accompanied by the intuitions which elevate the psi talent and make it roughly equal to a course in chiropody as a viable means of earning a crust.
"Rome," I said. "Your father went to Rome first, but he spent most of his time in and around Milan."
"That's correct." Carole gave me a look of grudging approval. "It appears that you do have some genuine ability."
"Thanks. Some people think I have nice legs, too." Her compliment was partly lost on me because I had again half-seen a dark place, like a cavern, and a circular wooden machine. There were distracting undertones of mystery and centuries-old secrets.
"We're not much further on, though," Carole said.
"I thought we were doing pretty well."
"You haven't answered the big question—did Leonardo paint the Mona Lisa twice?"
"That's the way it seems to me, Miss Colvin. I don't know how this will affect the value of the original."
"The original?"
"I mean, the other one." I stared at the painting in awe, letting its sheer presence wash over my senses, then I began to get a feeling there was something not quite right about it, something difficult to put a finger on. The Mona Lisa stared back at me, the famous smile playing about her lips just as I remembered it from all the prints I'd seen. Her face was exactly right, the rich medieval background was exactly right, and yet there was some detail of the picture which seemed out of place. Could it, I wondered, be something to do with those plump smooth hands? To impress Carole, I assumed a look of deep, brooding concentration and tried to decide what it was in the painting which was ringing subconscious alarm bells.
"Have you fallen asleep?" Carole said, rapping the desk with an imperious knuckle.
"Of course not," I replied huffily, and pointed at the Mona Lisa's hands. "Do these look right to you?"
"You think you could have done better?"
"I mean, in the Louvre painting does she not have one hand sort of cradled in the other one? Instead of separated like that?"
"Could be—I told you I don't know anything about art."
"It might explain the existence of two Mona Lisas." I began to warm to my theory. "Perhaps he did this one and then decided it would have been better with the hands in repose."
"In that case," Carole said reasonably, "why didn't he just paint the hands over again?"
"Ah … well … yes." I swore at myself for having concocted such a dumb theory. "You've got a point there."
"Let's go." Carole got to her feet and began wrapping the painting in its brown paper covering.
"Italy, of course." A look of impatience flitted across her beautiful features. "I'm employing you to find out if this painting is legally mine, and it's quite obvious you won't be able to do it sitting here in Los Angeles."
I opened my mouth to protest, then realized that the assertive Miss Colvin was right in what she said, that I needed some of the money she so obviously had, and that a spell in the Mediterranean sun would probably do me a lot of good. There was also a powerful element of curiosity about both the painting itself and that part of my psi vision I hadn't yet mentioned to her—the dark cavern and its enigmatic wheel-like machine …
"Yes?" Carole challenged. "You were going to say something?"
"Not me. I'll be glad to wave goodbye to this place for a few days. How do you say arrivaderci in Italian?"
We caught the noon sub-orbital to Rome, were lucky with a shuttle connection, and by early evening had checked into the Hotel Marco Polo in Milan.
The travelling had made me hungry and I did justice to the meal which Carole and I had in a discreet corner of the dining room. A glass of brandy and a good cigar helped me to enjoy the cabaret, even though most of the singers had to rely on the new-style tonsil microphones to make their voices carry. I guess it's a sign of age, but I insist that real singers can get along perfectly well with the old type of mike they used to clip on to their back teeth. Still, considering how badly the day had started off, there was little to complain about. I had a glow of wellbeing, and Carole was looking incredibly feminine in something gauzy and golden. Into the bargain, I was earning money.
"When are you going to start earning your money?" Carole said, eyeing me severely through a small palisade of candle flames.
"I'm already doing it," I assured her, somewhat hurt by her attitude. "This is the hotel your father stayed in while he was in Milan, and there's a good chance this is where he made the connection. If it is, I'll pick up an echo sooner or later."
"Try to make it sooner, will you?"
"There's no controlling a wild talent." Sensing the need for more customer relations work, I introduced a bit of echo chamber into my voice. "Right now, as we sit here, the intangible billowing nets of my mind are spreading outwards, ever out …"
"Hold on a minute," I said. Quite unexpectedly, the intangible billowing nets of my mind had caught a fish—in the shape of a passing wine waiter. He was a slim dark youth with knowing brown eyes, and my psi faculties told me at once that his recent past was linked in some unusual way with that of Carole's father. I immediately tried to connect him with the Mona Lisa Mk. II. There was no positive response on the intuitive level, and yet I became more certain the wine waiter would be worth questioning. That's the way ESP works.
Carole followed my gaze and shook her head. "I think you've had enough to drink."
"Nonsense—I can still crawl a straight line." I left the table and followed the waiter out through double doors and into a passageway which probably led to the cellars. He glanced back when he heard me, then turned around, his eyes sizing me up like those of a cattle-buyer examining a steer.
"Pardon me," I said. "Do you mind if I speak to you for a moment?"
"I haven't got a moment," he said. "Besides, I don't speak English."
"But …' I stared at him for a few seconds, baffled, then the message came through, loud and clear. I took out the expense money Carole had given me, peeled off a ten and tucked it into the pocket of his white jacket. Will that buy you a Lingua-phone course?"
"It all comes back to me now." He smiled a tight, crafty smile. "You want a woman? What sort of woman do you want?"
"No. I do not want a woman."
He grew even more shifty-looking. "You mean …?"
"I mean I've got a perfectly good woman with me."
"Ah! Do you want to sell a woman? Let me tell you, signor, you have come to the right man—I have many connections in the white slave market."
"I don't want to sell a woman, either."
"You are sure? As long as she has got white skin I can get you two thousand for her. It doesn't even matter," he said generously, jiggling cupped hands in front of his chest, "if she hasn't got much accoutrements. As long as she has that flawless white skin …"
I began to get impatient. "All I want from you, Mario, is some information."
The gleam of avarice in the waiter's eyes was quickly replaced by a look of wariness. "How did you know my name?"
"I have ways of knowing things," I told him mysteriously. Actually, I wasn't sure whether I had esped his name or whether it was the only Italian one I could think of on the spur of the moment.
"Pissy," he said. "That's what you are—pissy."
I grabbed him by the lapels and raised him up on his toes. "Listen, Mario, any more lip out of you and I'll …"
"You've got me wrong, signor," Mario babbled, and I was relieved to discover he was more of a coward than I am. "I mean, you are one of the pissy ones who know things without being told of them."
"P-S-I is pronounced like sigh," I said, letting go of his jacket. "Try to remember that, will you?"
"Of course, signor." He stood back to let another waiter pass between us with a bottle of wine. "Now, tell me what information you want to buy, and I will tell you the cost. My scale of charges is very reasonable."
"But I've already paid you."
"Non capisco," Mario said in a stony voice and began to walk away.
"Come back," I commanded. He kept on walking. I took out the roll of bills and he, displaying a sixth sense which aroused my professional envy, promptly went into reverse until we were facing each other again. It was as if he had been drawn towards me by a powerful magnet, and I began to realize that here was a man who was capable of selling his own grandmother. Indeed, from his earlier conversation, it was possible that he had already disposed of the old lady, venerable accoutrements and all. Making a mental note to be careful in my dealings with Mario, I asked him if he could remember a Trevor J. Colvin staying at the hotel in April.
"I remember him." Mario nodded, but I could tell he was puzzled and slightly disappointed, which meant he had no idea of the money potentials involved. I decided to keep it that way.
"Why do you remember Mr Colvin in particular? Had you any … ah … business dealings with him?"
"No—he didn't want a woman, either. All I did was introduce him to Crazy Julio from Paesinoperduto, my home village."
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text:
Arabic audiobook platform raises USD 6 million
Funding News Startups
My Startup World Staff May 6, 2019
Kitab Sawti, the world's largest Arabic audiobook platform, has raised USD 6 million in Series A funding from prominent new and existing investors. The platform will deploy the funds to expand its content and reach, offering thousands of content creators and narrators an opportunity to join a growing cultural movement in the region.
New investors include Bonnier Ventures, the venture capital arm of the 200-year-old Sweden-based Bonnier, one of the world's most renowned publishers; Paltel Group, a public shareholding company with a major market share in Palestine's telecommunication sector; and Kaaf Investments, a prominent family investment house based out of Dubai. The company also attracted additional investment from Abdulla Elyas, co-founder of Careem, the ride hailing app that UBER recently announced it will acquire for USD 3.1 billion. Northzone, the venture capital firm most notably known for being the first investor in Spotify and one of the early investors in Kitab Sawti, also grew its investment in the Arabic audiobook platform.
Sebastian Bond, the CEO & Founder of Kitab Sawti commented "The successful Series A funding is testament to the platform's growth potential, particularly coming from established venture capitalists and investors who have scaled global billion-dollar businesses before. We have witnessed growing consumption of our content over the past period, with more than 1 million registered users and a 20% month-on-month growth in paying users. The next 12 to 18 months will be very exciting for us as we deploy the funds to bolster the platform's leading position in the Arabic audiobook industry, supporting more than 5,000 new jobs in the industry in the process."
Ulrika Saxon, CEO at Bonnier Ventures comments "We continue to see huge opportunities in audio and podcasting and the Kitab Sawti team has really impressed us with their ambition and progress. There is strong overlap between Kitab Sawti and our experience with subscription models, IP rights, and consumer-oriented businesses. We're delighted to partner with them to help grow the company."
With over 2,000 audiobooks, double of what the platform had a year ago, Kitab Sawti users can listen to books by renowned Arabic authors like Taha Hussein, Ahmed Khaled Tawfik and Sultan Al Mousa. Users can also listen to translated international books like Steven Covey's global best seller, "7 habits of highly effective people", "Hunger Games" and many more from best-selling and award-winning authors such as Dan Brown, Mark Manson and Kazuo Ishiguro.
Kitab Sawti was founded in Sweden in 2016 with the aim of supporting the integration of Syrian kids into Swedish society. Today, it has offices in Dubai, Cairo and Palestine, and hosts more than 2,000 Arabic titles on its platform with more than 1 million registered users. The Kitab Sawti platform is accessible through kitabsawti.com as well as the application, which is available for both iOS and Android users.
Arabic audiobook audiobook Bonnier Ventures Kaaf Investments Kitab Sawti Paltel Group Sebastian Bond Ulrika Saxon
two + six =


Municipal races in Idaho are non-partisan, but Ludwig is a Republican – the only one to serve on the council. Boise's mayor Dave Bieter, a democrat, appointed him to fill the seat vacated by David Eberele in 2015. Ludwig ran for and won reelection that fall. He also serves on the board of the Capital City Development Corp..
He ran into controversy in 2018 when he proposed to build two connected buildings in Downtown Boise. Boise's Planning & Zoning Commission said no to the project, which triggered an appeal to Ludwig's fellow members of city council. He recused himself and did not appear at the meeting, but his colleagues approved the project. Ludwig told BoiseDev earlier this winter the concept it is on hold for the time being.
Ludwig said he would fill out the rest of his term, which runs until January of 2020. In a release, he listed a number of priorities for the remainder of his time. He cited acquiring Boise's water system, building a downtown mixed-use stadium and more.
Along with Ludwig's seat, the spots currently held by Lauren McClean and Elaine Clegg are also up for election, as well as the mayor's office.


"We had an "iron-framed" piano at home. All at once, I closed the lid, it was enough of practice. We stored it at home for a while, then I got my mother to sell it, and to buy a TV set. So it happened. From this time I engaged in the visual arts. " .
The College taught us everything. We learned to draw, paint, weave, restore, all kinds of mural technique. It was a closed world.
The most difficult is to put a point on the white canvas. I don't photograph the world, but I want to express feelings. Art is an illusion, and through this we need to indicate a thought, to grasp its essence, and (if possible) to declare a truth.
Mostly I paint with oil. I paint three or four layers for months. Each layer is connected to a different experience and emotion. I work with watercolour if the fast technique, the freshness and the idea are important.
Tapestry weaving is like raising children: slow, monotonous and enduring work. Diligence is necessary. The monotony helps me through my hard times.
The Art Colony is a strange and fascinating world. The studio of a globetrotter artist is fairly beyond imagination. She could tumble on treasures what others leave behind. For her, first of all, the artistic and technical value of an object is capturing. Pennyworth memorabilia of forgotten ages turn on, what an expert can insert into a due ambience. And then these start talking.
Her continual eagerness, always get-upped, and her stories accompanied by broad gestures are fascinating. As if everything would go smoothly in her live. Just thinking one, and she makes an application for a studio in the New Szentendre Art Colony, in construction. Then suddenly she is invited to the US. Swedish trip coming, then a scholarship to Italy, other trips and exhibitions.


text:
De Onze-Lieve-Vrouw ten Eikkapel is een kapel in de tot de Antwerpse gemeente Westerlo behorende plaats Tongerlo, gelegen aan de Geelse straat.

Geschiedenis
Deze kapel werd opgericht in 1639 door abt Theodoor Verbraecken van de Abdij van Tongerlo uit dankbaarheid na de afloop van een pestepidemie. Dit bouwwerk vormde het koor van de in 1675 met een schip vergrote kapel.

In 1842 en ook in 1977-1978 werden herstelwerkzaamheden uitgevoerd.

Gebouw
Het betreft een bakstenen gebouw op rechthoekige plattegrond met een smaller en lager koor dat recht afgesloten is. Op het dak bevindt zich een zeskante dakruiter.

De voorgevel is een tuitgevel met vlechtingen en boven de ingang een Mariabeeld.

Ten noorden van de kapel zijn enkele arduinen gedenkstenen met wapenschilden van de overleden leden van de familie de Trannoy. De kapel bevindt zich op een driehoekig pleintje.

Het interieur wordt gedeeltelijk overkluisd door een tongewelf. In de kapel bevindt zich een 17e-eeuws altaar.

Kapel in Antwerpen (provincie)
Onroerend erfgoed in Westerlo
Beschermd monument in Vlaanderen
Beschermd cultuurhistorisch landschap in Vlaanderen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

Turbulence, as frequently encountered in our atmosphere and oceans as well as in a plethora of astrophysical phenomena, exhibits a stunning complexity in space and time. This complexity can be perceived from two complementary perspectives: from the Eulerian point of view turbulence is observed in the laboratory frame by probing the flow at one or more fixed spatial points; in the Lagrangian frame, the flow is probed by tracer particles which follow the velocity field (see movie SM1 which is available online at \url{http://stacks.iop.org/NJP/20/013001/mmedia}). This perspective is of particular importance for characterizing turbulent mixing and transport in particle-laden flows.

One of the most challenging phenomena of turbulence is the breaking of statistical self-similarity: probing velocity fluctuations across scales reveals a continuous change in shape of the corresponding distributions from the largest, energy-containing scales of the flow down to the smallest, dissipative scales, on which extreme events occur with astonishing frequency \cite{sreenivasan97arf,ishihara07jfm}. This phenomenon, known as intermittency, can be cleanly isolated in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, which shares universal small-scale properties with a wide class of hydrodynamic flows even at moderate Reynolds numbers \cite{schumacher14pnas}. Experimental \cite{douady91prl,cadot95pof,ganapathisubramani08jfm,elsinga10jfm,worth11pre} and numerical \cite{ashurst87pof,she90nat,vincent91jfm,jimenez93jfm,vincent94jfm,moisy04jfm,leung12jfm,yeung15pnas} studies of isotropic turbulence have traced the signatures of Eulerian statistics back to the intricate spatial structure of turbulence. As tracer particles sample the fine-scale structure of turbulence, they encounter violent velocity and acceleration fluctuations on the smallest temporal scales \cite{mordant01prl,laporta01nat,mordant04phd,biferale06jot}. In analogy to the Eulerian observations, Lagrangian velocity increment distributions are also non-self-similar \cite{mordant01prl} when probing the velocity fluctuations across temporal scales. However somewhat puzzlingly, extreme events are even more frequent in the Lagrangian than in the Eulerian frame.

This leads to the long-standing riddle of relating the observations in the two complementary frames, and in particular to the question:
how do tracer particles sample the spatio-temporal velocity fluctuations of turbulence?
Here we provide an answer by combining an exact probabilistic framework first introduced in~\cite{kamps09pre,homann09njp} with the physics of Lagrangian particle transport and Eulerian temporal decorrelation into a predictive theory relating Lagrangian to Eulerian statistics. We show that, remarkably, \emph{temporal} velocity fluctuations along Lagrangian tracers can be statistically predicted from \emph{instantaneous spatial} velocity fluctuations by properly mixing Eulerian statistics of various scales. We demonstrate that this probabilistic mixing can be captured in terms of the probability density function (PDF) of an effective Lagrangian dispersion process, whose properties we determine. The investigation of an extensive suite of direct numerical simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence furthermore reveals its universality with respect to a range of Reynolds numbers.

\section{Bridging Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics}

\begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics{figure1.png}
    \end{center}
\caption{
Dispersion of Lagrangian trajectories with fixed initial velocities (twice the rms velocity $u$) from a direct numerical simulation at $R_\lambda = 316$.
For this visualization, particles with identical initial velocity magnitudes have been selected from the flow domain and shifted to a common origin and orientation. (a): Initially, their motion is almost ballistic and remains close to the mean Lagrangian trajectory shown in magenta.
(b)-(d): Over time, the particles disperse and randomly sample the region surrounding the mean trajectory.
The black curve shows the ballistic approximation to the mean Lagrangian trajectory.
    The distance between the mean Lagrangian trajectory and the individual trajectories (as indicated for one sample trajectory by the arrow) is the effective Lagrangian displacement. (See movie SM2 for an animated version of this figure which can be found online at \url{http://stacks.iop.org/NJP/00/000000/mmedia}.)}
\label{fig:effectivelagrangiandispersion}
\end{figure}

The starting point for the development of our theory is that the Lagrangian velocity increment $\bs v = \bs u\left(\bs X(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau),t_0+\tau \right) - \bs u(\bs x_0,t_0)$ can be perceived as an Eulerian two-point-two-time velocity increment between two space-time points which are connected by a Lagrangian trajectory $\bs X(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau)$ starting from $\bs x_0$ at $t_0$. The Lagrangian increment statistics can therefore be related to the Eulerian statistics in an exact manner (see \ref{sisec:generalbridgingrelation} for a detailed derivation):
\begin{equation}\label{eq:exacteulerianlagrangianrelation}
  f^{\mathrm{L}}(\bs v;\tau) = \int\!\mathrm{d}\bs R \, f^{\mathrm{E}}(\bs v; \bs R, \tau) \, P(\bs R | \bs v, \tau) \, .
\end{equation}
Here, $f^{\mathrm{L}}(\bs v;\tau)$ is the PDF of the Lagrangian velocity increment, $f^{\mathrm{E}}(\bs v; \bs R, \tau)$ is the Eulerian two-point-two-time increment PDF, and $P(\bs R | \bs v, \tau)$ is the conditional Lagrangian dispersion PDF of the particle displacement $\bs R = \bs X(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau) - \bs x_0$, which describes how particles spread over time lag $\tau$ depending on the velocity increment $\bs v$. To establish a bridging relation between \emph{temporal} Lagrangian and \emph{instantaneous spatial} Eulerian increment statistics, we need to develop an understanding of the Eulerian temporal decorrelation (contained in the Eulerian two-point-two-time increment PDF) as well as of the Lagrangian single-particle dispersion.

For long times, Lagrangian tracer particles have typically travelled far from their point of origin.
As the particles are advected with the local instantaneous velocity, all correlations with the velocity increment taken over the travelled distance have decayed, an assumption consistent with Corrsin's hypothesis \cite{corrsin59agp}. As a consequence $P(\bs R | \bs v, \tau)$ becomes independent of $\bs v$ and simplifies to the unconditional standard Lagrangian dispersion PDF. The Lagrangian dispersion PDF is close to Gaussian in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, and therefore fully characterized by its mean squared displacement, which grows diffusively for long times, i.e.~$\langle \bs R^2 \rangle \sim \tau$. While the particles disperse, the flow also decorrelates at their point of origin. The Eulerian temporal decorrelation is primarily governed by the random advection of velocity fluctuations by larger-scale eddies past the fixed Eulerian position, so-called random sweeping \cite{kraichnan64pof,tennekes75jfm}. Based on this hypothesis the Eulerian two-point-two-time increment PDF is obtained by blurring out the instantaneous Eulerian increment PDF with a Gaussian ``random sweeping decorrelation PDF'' (see \ref{sisec:longtimebridgingrelation} for a detailed derivation), whose variance also grows diffusively for long times. The long-time behavior therefore can be captured by combining the two classical ideas of Corrsin's statistical independence hypothesis for the Lagrangian particle dispersion and the Tennekes-Kraichnan random sweeping hypothesis for the Eulerian decorrelation in one effective PDF; we obtain
  $f^{\mathrm{L}}(\bs v;\tau) \approx \int\!\mathrm{d}\bs R \, f^{\mathrm{E}}(\bs v; \bs R) \, P(\bs R ; \tau) \, ,$
where $P(\bs R ; \tau)$ is close to Gaussian with a variance of $\langle \bs R^2 \rangle \sim \tau$ containing contributions from both Lagrangian single-particle dispersion as well as random sweeping decorrelation. In comparison to \eref{eq:exacteulerianlagrangianrelation} this relation features Eulerian single-time information only and shows that particle dispersion and random sweeping introduce a probabilistic sampling of Eulerian velocity fluctuations over a range of spatial scales.

For short times, Corrsin's approximation as well as the assumption that random sweeping decorrelation and particle dispersion are independent are clearly violated. In fact, the latter two effects are induced both by the same advection velocity and happen therefore coherently. In the following, this will be accounted for by removing spurious sweeping effects in the spirit of Kolmogorov's original works \cite{kolmogorov91prs,monin07book}. Furthermore, statistical correlations between particle dispersion and velocity fluctuations play a crucial role at short times.

To determine the short-time behavior, we consider Lagrangian trajectories which have a common initial velocity, visualized in figure \ref{fig:effectivelagrangiandispersion}. Although the particles start with the same initial velocity, the individual trajectories deviate very soon. This virtual blob rapidly deforms and spreads across the volume due to turbulent mixing. The center of mass of this blob of particles, however, drifts in very good approximation ballistically for short times. To see that, we introduce the mean Lagrangian displacement $\overline {\bs X}(\bs x_0,t)-\bs x_0 = \langle {\bs X}(\bs x_0,t) - \bs x_0 | \bs u_0 \rangle$ where the average is performed over all Lagrangian particles with fixed initial velocity $\bs u_0$. For short times, the mean Lagrangian displacement can be expanded in a Taylor series:
\begin{equation}
  \overline {\bs X}(\bs x_0,t) - \bs x_0 =  \bs u_0 t + \frac{1}{2} \langle \bs a_0 | \bs u_0 \rangle t^2 + \mathrm{h.o.t.}
\end{equation}
Here, $\langle \bs a_0 | \bs u_0 \rangle$ denotes the average acceleration at the initial Lagrangian point conditional on the initial velocity.
Because the average is taken over many different flow configurations with fixed initial velocity, we obtain $\langle \bs a_0 | \bs u_0 \rangle \approx \bs 0$ due to a weak directional correlation between the large-scale velocity and the small-scale acceleration field. The same argument applies to the higher-order terms. Therefore, the short-time behavior is given by a ballistic flight. In fact, this Taylor expansion is expected to hold for much longer than the Taylor expansion of an individual Lagrangian trajectory --- there higher-order terms cannot be neglected even on the order of the Kolmogorov time scale, which characterizes the small time scales of the flow.

As the mean Lagrangian trajectory $\overline {\bs X}(\bs x_0,t)$ moves ballistically, it approximately maintains its initial velocity.
As a result the Lagrangian velocity increment at small time lags can be expressed as $\bs v \approx \bs u\left(\bs X(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau),t_0+\tau \right) - \bs u(\overline {\bs X}(\bs x_0, t_0+\tau),t_0+\tau)$ such that velocity increment is now taken at the same time $t_0 + \tau$ over the ``effective Lagrangian displacement'' $\bs R = \bs X(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau)-\overline {\bs X}(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau)$. The instantaneous Eulerian field is therefore sampled on a scale smaller than na\"ively expected based on single-particle dispersion. As a result we obtain a bridging relation very similar to \eref{eq:exacteulerianlagrangianrelation} (see \ref{sisec:shorttimebridgingrelation} for a detailed derivation):
\begin{equation}\label{eq:shorttimebridging}
 f^{\mathrm{L}}(\bs v;\tau) \approx \int\!\mathrm{d}\bs R \, f^{\mathrm{E}}(\bs v; \bs R) \, P(\bs R | \bs v, \tau) \, .
\end{equation}
This relation again features only instantaneous Eulerian information, now mixed by an effective Lagrangian dispersion process which removes sweeping effects.

Comparing the two bridging relations for short and long times, we arrive at the remarkable conclusion that they can be unified by identifying $P(\bs R | \bs v, \tau)$ as the ``effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF'' that combines the dispersion of tracer particles for short times and the combined effects of particle dispersion and random sweeping for long times. We have already established its shape for large time lags as Gaussian with a diffusively increasing variance. For short times, the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF in comparison has to be sharply localized. Here, the effective Lagrangian displacement is in leading order given by the initial acceleration, $\bs X(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau)-\overline {\bs X}(\bs x_0,t_0+\tau)  \approx \bs a_0 \tau^2/2$. For such small time lags, the acceleration can be expressed in terms of the velocity increment, $\bs a_0 \approx \bs v/\tau$. This exact result, also discussed in \cite{yakhot08arx}, is reminiscent of the phenomenological bridging relation used in the multifractal framework \cite{boffetta02pre,biferale04prl,borgas93ptr,chevillard12crp}. The two limiting cases (short and long time behavior) can be unified into a model for the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF taking the form:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ELDPDFmodel}
  P(\bs R | \bs v, \tau ) = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^{3/2}\sigma(\tau)^3} \exp\left[-\frac{\left(\bs R-\mu(\tau) \bs v \right)^2}{2\sigma(\tau)^2} \right] \, ,
\end{equation}
where for short times $\sigma(\tau)$ approaches zero such that the Gaussian asymptotically converges to a delta function while $\mu(\tau)$ behaves like $\tau/2$. For long times, however, $\mu(\tau)$ goes to zero as the correlations with the velocity increment decay, whereas $\sigma(\tau)$ reaches a diffusive regime.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics{figure2}
\caption{Width $\sigma(\tau)$ and shift $\mu(\tau)$ of the angle-integrated effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF \eref{eq:ELDPDFmodelaveraged} obtained from the simulation data.
(a) and (b) show $\sigma(\tau)$ as a function of $\tau/\tau_{\eta}$ and $\tau/T$, respectively.
The collapse at small and large scales, respectively, demonstrates that $\sigma(\tau)$ contains both dissipative and integral-scale contributions.
The dotted line shows the empirical formula \eref{eq:fittedsigma} for $\sigma(\tau)$ for the highest Reynolds number. (c): The shift $\mu(\tau)$ is for small times in very good agreement with the analytical prediction $\tau/2$, and collapse in integral scale units is demonstrated. The dotted line shows the empirical formula \eref{eq:fittedmu} for $\mu(\tau)$.}
\label{fig:sigmamu}
\end{figure}

\section{Results from direct numerical simulations}

To test our theory, we ran an extensive suite of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of homogeneous isotropic turbulence covering a Reynolds number range from $R_{\lambda} \approx 150$ to $R_{\lambda} \approx 430$.
The data was generated with a standard pseudo-spectral code solving the Navier-Stokes equation in the vorticity formulation.
DNS setup and algorithms are described in more detail in \ref{sisec:DNSdescription}.

To further simplify our theoretical predictions we make use of isotropy. As one implication, the full statistical information of the Lagrangian velocity increment vector is contained in the velocity increment magnitude, and the corresponding bridging relation is readily derived (see \ref{sisec:isotropicbridging} for details):
\begin{equation}\label{eq:magnitudebridging}
  f^{\mathrm{L}}(v;\tau) = N(\tau) \int\! \mathrm{d} R \, f^{\mathrm{E}}(v ; R) \, P(R | v, \tau) \, .
\end{equation}
For $P(R | v, \tau)$ we take the angle-integrated version of \eref{eq:ELDPDFmodel}, which takes the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ELDPDFmodelaveraged}
 P(R | v,\tau) = \sqrt\frac{2}{\pi} \frac{R^2}{\sigma(\tau)^3}\exp\left[ -\frac{R^2+\mu(\tau)^2v^2}{2\sigma(\tau)^2} \right] \, \mathrm{sinhc}\left[ \frac{\mu(\tau) v R}{\sigma(\tau)^2} \right] \, ,
\end{equation}
where $\mathrm{sinhc}(x) = \mathrm{sinh}(x)/x$. The angle-integrated effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF simplifies to a Maxwellian for $\mu(\tau)=0$, but otherwise displays a non-trivial dependence on the velocity increment. Because the proposed model PDF mixes different Eulerian scales for different velocity increments, we also have to include the factor $N(\tau)$ to keep the model Lagrangian PDFs normalized. For the data sets under consideration $N(\tau)$ is of order unity, as expected. To compare our model to the DNS data we combine \eref{eq:ELDPDFmodelaveraged} with \eref{eq:magnitudebridging} and determine $\mu(\tau)$ and $\sigma(\tau)$ by a least square fitting of the structure functions (moments of the velocity increment PDF) up to order eight. The detailed fitting procedure is explained in \ref{sisec:fitting}. The results are shown in figure \ref{fig:sigmamu}. The width of the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF is controlled by $\sigma(\tau)$, which is shown in panels (a) and (b), non-dimensionalized by Kolmogorov units and integral scale units, respectively.
Remarkably, non-dimensionalization with the Kolmogorov units leads to the collapse of the curves obtained from various Reynolds number data sets at small scales, whereas non-dimensionalization with integral scales leads to a collapse at large scales. Closer inspection of the results suggests that $\sigma(\tau)$ first increases linearly and then continues to grow approximately like $\tau^{3/2}$. The effective Lagrangian dispersion takes out sweeping effects and describes the two-particle separation between real and the virtual mean Lagrangian trajectories. It is therefore tempting to assume that the $\tau^{3/2}$-growth is due to a Richardson dispersion-like behavior. On theoretical grounds, $\sigma(\tau)$ is expected to reach the long-time limit $\sim u T^{1/2}\tau^{1/2}$, which is in reasonable agreement with $\sigma(\tau)$ obtained from the DNS data. Deviations at the largest time lags are likely rooted in the fact that the fitting procedure becomes less sensitive to changes in $\sigma(\tau)$ as the increment PDFs reach their asymptotic close-to-Gaussian shape.
The cross-over between the regimes depends on the Reynolds number. In fact, we find that this behavior can be captured for all Reynolds numbers in the empirical formula
\begin{equation}\label{eq:fittedsigma}
\sigma(\tau) = 1.95\, u \, \tau \,R_{\lambda}^{-1/3}\left[ 1 + \left(\frac{\tau}{0.853 \, R_{\lambda}^{1/3} \tau_{\eta}}\right)^{4} \right]^{1/8}\left[ 1 + \left(\frac{\tau}{0.895 T}\right)^{4} \right]^{-1/4}  .
\end{equation}
Interestingly, our investigations identify the Eulerian integral time scale as the one controlling the transition at large scales. This could be rooted in the fact that the long-time limit is dominated by random sweeping decorrelation along with the expectation that the Eulerian and Lagrangian integral time scale are roughly of the same order \cite{corrsin63jas}.

The shift of the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF is controlled by $\mu(\tau)$, which is shown in panel (c) of figure \ref{fig:sigmamu}.
For short times the estimate obtained from the data is in good agreement with our analytical prediction of $\mu(\tau)\approx\tau/2$, whereas $\mu(\tau)$ drops on the order of the integral time scale. When scaled by the integral time scale, the fits for various Reynolds numbers collapse.
For the Reynolds numbers under consideration, we find that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:fittedmu}
  \mu(\tau) = \frac{\tau}{2}\exp\left[ -1.50 \, \frac{\tau}{T} \right]
\end{equation}
captures the numerical observations well. It has to be mentioned though that the exponential decay is delicate to estimate from the data: as $\mu$ becomes less significant, its accurate estimation becomes very difficult.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure3}
\caption{Angle-integrated effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF \eref{eq:ELDPDFmodelaveraged} for various time lags with $\sigma(\tau)$ and $\mu(\tau)$ obtained from DNS data. (a)-(b): The variation of the PDF with the velocity increment at short and intermediate times demonstrates that the Eulerian scales are mixed depending on the magnitude of velocity fluctuations. (c): At long times, comparable to the integral time scale, the PDFs collapse to a simple Maxwellian independent of $v$.}
\label{fig:transitionpdfs}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig:transitionpdfs} shows the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF \eref{eq:ELDPDFmodelaveraged} for various time lags $\tau$ with $\sigma(\tau)$ and $\mu(\tau)$ given by \eref{eq:fittedsigma} and \eref{eq:fittedmu}, respectively. For small to moderate time lags, the PDF displays a pronounced dependence on the velocity increment, as shown in panels (a) and (b): for larger velocity increments, relatively larger Eulerian scales with markedly larger variances are mixed into the Lagrangian statistics. This provides a mechanism to generate heavier tails of the Lagrangian PDFs compared to the Eulerian. This effect weakens with increasing time lag. On the order of the integral time scale, Corrsin's approximation begins to hold and the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF becomes independent of the velocity increment; as a result it simplifies to a standard Maxwellian, as demonstrated in panel (c). In essence, the effect of the bridging relation is two-fold: Eulerian statistics of various scales are mixed to obtain Lagrangian statistics. Additionally, the scale-mixing depends on the magnitude of the velocity fluctuations. This allows for a different statistical behavior of higher-order statistics, dominated by the tails of the PDF, compared to lower orders, dominated by its core.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figure4}
\caption{Lagrangian velocity increment PDFs from simulations (continuous lines) along with PDFs obtained from the bridging relation based on Eulerian increment PDFs (dotted lines). Panel (a) shows the PDFs scaled to unit standard deviation, panel (b) shows the unstandardized PDFs.
Excellent agreement is found from about one Kolmogorov time scale on to the integral time scale and beyond.}
\label{fig:incrementpdfs}
\end{figure}

To test the fidelity of the bridging relation, we obtain Eulerian velocity increment magnitude PDFs from the DNS and compute Lagrangian increment magnitude PDFs using the angle-integrated version of the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF along with the formulas for $\sigma(\tau)$ and $\mu(\tau)$. As it is more common to consider PDFs of the velocity increment components rather than the PDFs of magnitudes, we compute the standard component velocity increment PDFs from
\begin{equation}
  f^L(v_1;\tau) = \int_{|v_1|}^{\infty}\!\!\!\!\!\mathrm{d}v \, \frac{f^L(v;\tau)}{2v} \, .
\end{equation}
Figure \ref{fig:incrementpdfs} shows a comparison of the increment PDFs directly estimated from the numerical data (solid lines) with the results from the bridging relation (dashed lines) for the highest Reynolds number case. Excellent agreement from the dissipative scales starting from about one Kolmogorov time scale all the way up to and beyond the integral time scale is found. The visible deviations below one Kolmogorov time scale could be either systematic or caused by the limited scale-resolution of the Eulerian increment PDFs, which are used to evaluate the bridging relation. A detailed investigation of the dissipative-range physics of the bridging relation, including an extension to acceleration statistics, is the subject of future work.

\section{Conclusions and Outlook}

In summary, we have introduced a novel bridging relation that relates Lagrangian temporal velocity fluctuations to instantaneous Eulerian spatial velocity fluctuations. We showed that Lagrangian increment statistics can be perceived as a scale-mixing of Eulerian increment statistics by an effective Lagrangian dispersion. Based on the physics of single-particle transport as well as random sweeping effects, we derived the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF and determined its asymptotic behavior. The predictions for the Lagrangian velocity increment PDFs were found to be in excellent agreement with results from high-resolution direct numerical simulations of fully developed turbulence.

Supported by the extensive numerical investigations, we conclude that for the Reynolds number range under consideration Lagrangian intermittency can be captured with the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF, whose shape is independent of Reynolds number. The Reynolds number dependence enters through the Eulerian statistics and through the width $\sigma(\tau)$. The fact that the effective Lagrangian dispersion mixes Eulerian statistics across a wide range of scales indicates that Lagrangian velocity increment statistics typically contain both dissipative as well as integral-scale contributions (see also the related discussion in \cite{kamps09pre}). This may provide an explanation of a reduced scaling range of Lagrangian structure functions compared to their Eulerian counterparts; for instance, it was argued that even for the second-order (i.e. the lowest non-trivial order) Lagrangian structure function a clear scaling range is only expected starting at $R_{\lambda}\approx 5 \cdot 10^3$ \cite{lanotte13jot} or even beyond  $R_{\lambda}\approx 3 \cdot 10^4$ \cite{sawford11pof}, where Eulerian scaling is already well established.

The presented approach is very general and therefore opens avenues to a new generation of models for transport in complex particle-laden flows by allowing an assessment of particle statistics from the knowledge of the flow field statistics only. For instance, an exciting future direction would be the extension of the theory to inertial and finite-sized particles. Here, the effect of preferential concentration will imply a biased sampling of the flow leading to modifications of the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF. It also appears worthwhile to pursue applications to atmospheric flows and turbulent convection by including characteristic large-scale features of these flows.  Finally, it will be most interesting to go beyond hydrodynamic flows and investigate the bridging induced by the effective Lagrangian dispersion PDF, for example, in magnetohydrodynamic flows, which display a fine-scale structure markedly different from hydrodynamic turbulence \cite{busse07pop,homann09njp}.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We gratefully acknowledge stimulating discussions with O.~Kamps, J.~Friedrich and R.~Grauer as well as helpful comments by A.~Celani, M.~Cencini and A.~Scagliarini. We thank P.~Johnson, J.~Lawson and M.~Sinhuber for comments on the manuscript as well as insightful discussions. Computations were performed on the clusters of the Max Planck Computing and Data Facility. This work was supported by the Max Planck Society.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Cozy as cozy can be. I could most definitely spend some hours here.
The use tasteful of leopard spots drew me in at once.
My apartment is painted a paler yellow and I wasn't crazy about it at first, but it has really grown on me. This color and the room in general is lovely! and I also like the bit of leopard.


text:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "S3ServiceModel.h"
#import "S3ObjectSummary.h"
#import "../AmazonUnmarshallerXMLParserDelegate.h"

@class S3Bucket;

@interface S3ObjectSummaryUnmarshaller:AmazonUnmarshallerXMLParserDelegate {
    S3ObjectSummary *summary;
}

@property (nonatomic, readonly) S3ObjectSummary *summary;

@end


It is nothing short of incredible beauty. With gasping waves drenching the soft, warm sand, Lefkada is a paradise for swimmers wanting to explore the incredible marine life Greece offers.
For some swimmers, taking on challenges like swimming in cold, freezing rivers, lakes and seas might seem the best way to take a vacation. But for others, swimming in winter means taking up not only a challenge, but risking their health.
Greece is another story with its clear warm waters. The Ionian Islands house some of the most beautiful seascapes in the world, with plenty of marine life, and exquisite beaches. The warm, crystal clear, emerald-coloured waters are altogether another appeal.
The beaches in the Ionian Islands are unlike any in the world. Dubbed "Paradise on earth", Exploring Lefkada within a day is not possible. It has tall, white, and beautiful cliffs where the waves crash without missing a rhythm. With clusters of delicate seashells and golden sand, the coastline is gorgeous.
It is paradise for swimmers because unlike other places in Greece, Lefkada is not over crowded. Many families and tourists are unaware of its beauty and, therefore, end up missing out on a gem of a place.
Tourists vacationing with friends will find the island to be the perfect place for relaxing and swimming. Families visiting the island, can enjoy swimming with their children. The island has some of the safest beaches which are child-friendly.
The best way to explore the depths of the Greek beaches is to charter a luxury yacht. A yacht cruise will not only help you comb the beautiful islands, but also help you learn about the incredible marine life Greece offers. From Dolphins to Turtles, there are thousands of species of fish lurking under the depths of the sea!
In addition, you will also be able to try your hand at scuba diving and snorkelling. For anglers, the good news is, on a luxury yacht, you can fish at your own leisure, with no limitations. There are plenty of fish in the sea! One bonus is that, in Lefkada the favourite water-sports are windsurfing and Kitesurfing. So if you want active fun you will have a great time there! Learn more about the great activities you can do on a yacht charter in Greece and contact us to book the legendary Glaros during your stay!
Previous Post: « Want to Wow Your Partner? Go Yachting At Night!


LaFetra House | Schmitz and Associates, Inc.
Location. The LaFetra House is located at 6525 Point Lechuza Drive in the City of Malibu.
Notable Characteristics. The LaFetra House is 2,608 square feet and has four bedrooms, three and a half bathrooms, radiant heating, and solar power. The house was the final building designed by the famed architect Pierre Koenig, who is best known for his "Case Study Houses Nos. 21 and 22" in Los Angeles. Unfortunately, Pierre Koenig died in 2004 before he could finish designing the house, and his work was completed by another architect, James Tyler, who steadfastly claimed the house was "ninety-nine percent Koenig." The LaFetra House derives its name from the well-known preservationist, Michael LaFetra, for whom Koenig offered to build a beach house in 2000 after the two became friends following LaFetra's purchase of Case Study House No. 21.
Schmitz & Associates obtained permits to demolish a 3,038 square foot Single-Family Residence (SFR) and rebuild as a 2,608 square foot SFR on the original footprint with a reduced profile. The house was to be constructed on a unique blufftop with restricted setbacks.


text:
The following is a list of episodes of the British television sitcom Josh, which is about three young adults who share a flat in London. It began airing on BBC Three on 29 August 2014.

Episodes

Pilot (2014)

Series 1 (2015)

Series 2 (2016)

Series 3 (2017)

References

BBC-related lists
Lists of British sitcom episodes


text:
Nelson to retire as a member of the Green Bay Packers
Posted: Thu 8:36 AM, Apr 04, 2019 |
Updated: Thu 8:52 AM, Apr 04, 2019
GREEN BAY, Wis. (AP) - Jordy Nelson says he's working on a deal to retire as a member of the Green Bay Packers.
Nelson says he's talked to Packers President Mark Murphy about signing a 1-day deal so he can end where he started. Nelson was drafted by the Packers in 2008 and played last season with the Oakland Raiders. He announced his retirement last week.
Speaking on "The Dan Patrick Show" Wednesday, Nelson says the Packers didn't show any interest after the Raiders released him. He says the Seattle Seahawks and the Raiders, at a reduced price, showed interest, but he and his family decided to return to Kansas.
Nelson admits it would be hard to say no if Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers called asking him to return to Green Bay.
DP: "What if @AaronRodgers12 calls you in late July?"@JordyRNelson: "If he called and asked me to come back it would be hard to say no." pic.twitter.com/JTn5JWZFb6
— Dan Patrick Show (@dpshow) April 3, 2019
St. Norbert prepares to host the Packers
Packers Financials: Revenue growth strong; Costs take bite out of profit
Wisconsin filmmaker makes appeal to Packers fans
Packers defense ahead of offense as offseason program ends


text:
Mon, Jan 20, 2020 | Updated 10:50 UTC
UAE rings in New Year 2020 with glittering...
at Dec 31, 2019
World Sports Entertainment Others
Saudi Aramco announces world's biggest ever IPO
Saudi Aramco, IPO, Mohammed Bin Salman, Alibaba, share price
Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) Dec 6: Saudi oil behemoth Aramco announced on Thursday that it has set a share price that will value the company's initial public offering (IPO) at $25.6 billion (€23 billion), making it the largest ever seen.
Aramco said in a statement that the IPO will consist of 3 billion shares, or 1.5% of the company, offered for 30 to 32 riyals (between $8.00 and $8.53). That gives the company a total valuation of $1.7 trillion.
An option for an even larger offering of 3.45 billion shares, worth $29.4 billion, remains a possibility, the company's statement said.
The state-owned crude oil company had announced in November that it would be putting shares up for sale. The move is part of Saudi Arabia's plan to diversify its economy away from its dependence on oil and increase the country's sovereign wealth fund for investment in other projects.
The $1.7 trillion dollar valuation falls short of the $2 trillion goal set out by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman when he announced the plan in 2016.
Aramco's IPO tops a record-breaking $25 billion IPO in 2014 from Chinese internet giant Alibaba.
Focus on Saudi investors
Some 0.5% of total shares will be reserved for purchase by individual investors. The rest will be open to institutional investors, including sovereign wealth funds, asset managers, and government-run pension programs.
Advisers had previously said that the majority of orders are expected to come from funds or companies within Saudi Arabia. Foreign investors, including the neighboring Gulf Arab countries, were previously expected to account for around 10.5% of orders.
It remains unclear when the shares will start trading at Tadawul, the Saudi stock exchange. Aramco has previously hinted that trading could begin this month. Currently there are no immediate plans to list on an international stock exchange.
The oil giant reported a net income of $111.1 billion in 2018, versus $75.9 billion the year before. Aramco is thought to be the world's most profitable company.
Nevertheless, recent attacks on two of the company's oil processing sites show the investment isn't completely risk-free.
In addition, the Saudi government retains control of production levels, which affects Aramco's output potential. Oil-producing companies met on Thursday for a conference in Vienna where they discussed reducing production to drive up global fuel and energy prices.
Source: DW News Agency
NMCG conserves wetlands in Ganga basin
at Jan 19, 2020
Hasina says CAA 'not necessary', but...
Ex-FBI Chief James Comey Probed Over...
China Closely Monitoring US Navy Ship...
US Officials Routinely 'Lied' Over Afghan...
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One can be seen at the top left and another at the bottom centre, there is a third covered by the plastic moulding that forms the supporting frame for the alarm switch. If the 2 plastic tags at the top right are carefully bent back the front plastic moulding can be removed. By then forcing the remainder of the plastic bracket to the right with a screw driver access can be gained to the third 10mm bolt head, shown in the pic below at top centre.
The repair has been completely successful, and is still going strong many years later hopefully being of stainless steel the inner cable will not rust as did the original.


I love this. My word for this year is "INTENTION" as well. I think we get so caught up in the content that we forget it has to present well or people won't even feel the need to dive into the things we've worked so hard to create! Awesome post!
I love that color palette. It is so soothing!
What a beautiful, cohesive palette! And your 2017 words are so inspiring 🙂 Thanks for sharing!
I'm still discovering what I want to convey as I'm beginning to brand myself but I *do* know my word for 2017 is "connect." Great post with intriguing food for thought – thanks!
I love your colours/scheme, and agree that branding is so important. Im relatively knew to blogging, but have thought about looking into this. Might check out those you worked with. Thanks for sharing!
I have been trying to understand what draws me as a consumer into certain websites, and I think this pot definitely speaks to that.
I love your brand, soft, elegant and feminine. My word this year is "YASS" as in yes. I can and I will this year. All things are possible.