text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}

The seminal work of Munier and Peschanski \cite{Munier:2003vc} established a solid link between high energy QCD evolution and the physics of statistical mechanics systems.
In that and ensuing works \cite{Munier:2003sj,Munier:2004xu}, the connection between the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation \cite{Balitsky:1995ub,Kovchegov:1999yj} and the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation \cite{fisher,kpp}, used to describe the time evolution of certain quantities in some statistical mechanics systems, was exploited to give a general and elegant derivation of the energy dependence of the saturation scale and of geometric scaling \cite{Iancu:2002tr,Mueller:2002zm}.

The BK equation is the mean field limit of the more general set of evolution equations  -- the B-JIMWLK\footnote{Balitsky--Jalilian-Marian--Iancu--McLerran--Weigert--Leonidov--Kovner.} equations \cite{Balitsky:1995ub,McLerran:1993ni,McLerran:1993ka,McLerran:1994vd,Jalilian-Marian:1997dw,Kovner:2000pt,Iancu:2000hn,Ferreiro:2001qy} -- describing the evolution of QCD scattering amplitudes at high energy, i.e. the dynamics of the Colour Glass Condensate (CGC).
Most studies of high energy QCD evolution have been performed using the BK equation.
The reasons behind such preference are clear. Not only is the BK equation considerably more tractable than the B-JIMWLK set, but also the  differences between the full B-JIMWLK evolution scheme and its truncated BK version are, perhaps surprisingly, small. The detailed numerical evaluation of these differences was performed in \cite{Rummukainen:2003ns} by recasting the full evolution as a random walk in some functional space, once again highlighting the possible deep connection between QCD evolution and statistical mechanics.

The B-JIMWLK evolution equations were derived under the explicit assumption of the scattering of a dilute projectile on a dense target and should, therefore, be applicable only for that physical situation.
Such a limitation renders the CGC framework -- either in its simplified BK version or for the more complete B-JIMWLK set -- insufficient to address the experimentally important collisions of two nuclei. From a more theoretical perspective, this incompleteness of B-JIMWLK has been shown to eventually lead to the violation of unitary constraints \cite{Iancu:2003uh,Mueller:2004se}.

The inclusion of the missing ingredients -- variously referred  to as pomeron loops, fluctuations or wave function saturation effects -- in an extended B-JIMWLK scheme has been attempted by several groups. A rather stringent constraint on the form of the complete evolution is imposed by what has been called the Dense-dilute Duality (DdD) \cite{Kovner:2005en,Kovner:2005uw}. This result, which establishes the equivalence of the dilute projectile, dense target case addressed by B-JIMWLK and its mirror image of a dense projectile and a dilute target, implies that the complete evolution kernel should necessarily be self-dual under the DdD.

Of particular relevance to the subject matter of this paper are those attempts \cite{Iancu:2004es,Iancu:2004iy,Janik:2004ve,Mueller:2005ut,Levin:2005au,Iancu:2005nj,Iancu:2005dx,Marquet:2005ak,Armesto:2006ee,Blaizot:2006wp,Munier:2006um,Iancu:2006jw,Bondarenko:2006rh,Bondarenko:2007kg} to include the missing effects which resort to possible  generalizations  of the correspondence of high energy QCD  and statistical mechanics beyond the proven instance of \cite{Munier:2003vc}.
It has been argued \cite{Iancu:2004es} that the incompleteness of B-JIMWLK can be related to the breakdown of the FKPP description in systems involving a small number of objects. Thus, a powerful tool for the generalization of B-JIMWLK could be provided by insights from statistical mechanics systems where the discreteness effects
that violate the FKPP description can be accounted for via the inclusion of stochastic effects.

In the context of statistical mechanics systems, the failing FKPP description is remedied by the inclusion of a stochastic (noise) term accounting for the effects of number fluctuations which become increasingly important with decreasing number of intervening objects.
Different choices for the stochastic term to be added to the FKPP equation will, in general, lead to different dynamical behaviours.
The choice of the noise term is thus a crucial step in obtaining a suitable description of high energy QCD evolution in the framework of stochastic processes.

In general, there are two alternative strategies that can be followed to determine the form of the noise term. One can attempt to extend the known B-JIMWLK evolution equations by including the missing effects and then interpret the resulting equations in the stochastic language. This approach was followed in \cite{Mueller:2005ut,Iancu:2005dx} where the obtained noise terms were, unfortunately, far too complex to allow any computation -- analytical or numerical -- to be carried out.
Instead, one can choose to make an educated guess as to what the noise should be. Ultimately, for any such choice, the behaviour of the resulting Langevin equation will need to be compared with our general expectations for high energy evolution.
In this paper we follow this latter strategy.

Our analysis is performed in the general framework of reaction-diffusion processes, in particular in the Hamiltonian language of \cite{elka}, which is equivalent to the formulation in terms of Langevin equations.
A Langevin equation in which the  stochastic term is such that the functional form of the two-point noise correlation function
 replicates that of the non-diffusive part of the FKPP equation is usually referred to as the  stochastic FKPP (sFKPP) equation and describes the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion process belonging \cite{dms} to the universality class of the reversible processes.
If the noise is chosen to have a two-point correlator simply proportional to the quantity obeying the FKPP equation, the resulting Langevin equation belongs to a different universality class, that of directed percolation.
Although other choices for the form of the stochastic term are certainly possible, we concentrate on these two since they have been previously considered as possible descriptions of high energy QCD in the framework of stochastic processes.

We explore numerically the universality classes of reaction-diffusion processes with zero transverse dimensions.
The Hamiltonian approach of \cite{elka} allows us to address both reversible processes and directed percolation universality classes within a single formulation. Further, the same formulation is well suited to enable a discussion of Reggeon Field Theory -- both in its original form and with the extra quartic vertex recently considered in the context of high energy QCD evolution \cite{Bondarenko:2006rh,Braun:2006gy} -- which, although related to directed percolation \cite{cardysugar}, does not correspond to a well defined reaction-diffusion process. Finally, it also allows for a rather straightforward heuristic introduction of `running coupling effects'.
Zero-dimensional toy models are  thus  used as a test bed for the far more involved realistic case with two transverse dimensions.
By comparing the dynamical behaviour of the reaction-diffusion models with general expectations for high energy QCD evolution -- geometrical scaling in BK, increase of the scattering amplitude with increasing rapidity, slowdown of evolution once couplings are allowed to run, diffusive scaling once stochastic effects are included  -- we narrow down the number of possible candidate models. The central result of this paper is that, at least in relation to toy models with zero transverse dimensions, the only universality class of reaction-diffusion processes compatible with high energy QCD evolution is that of reversible processes.

In Sec. \ref{formalism} we introduce the formalism of  \cite{elka}, the toy models to be  studied, an heuristic implementation of running of the couplings, and the classical solution of the problem. Our results are presented in Sec. \ref{results} and a concluding discussion in Sec. \ref{conclusions}.

\section{Formalism}
\label{formalism}
In this Section we start by presenting the basic formalism that will be used to discuss the different classes of reaction-diffusion models. Then we motivate a choice of parameters in the models, discuss an heuristic introduction of the running of the couplings, and the classical solutions to the problem.

\subsection{Basic setup}
\label{setup}

We use the formalism developed in \cite{elka}. In this reference, the diffusive term in a stochastic equation plays the role of a kinetic term in a Hamiltonian formulation, while the details of the process are encoded in a reaction Hamiltonian which corresponds to a potential.
Following the notation of \cite{elka}, the reaction Hamiltonian for an elementary reaction
$kA \overset{\lambda}{\rightarrow} mA$, where  $\lambda$ is the strength of the reaction, reads
\begin{equation}
H_R(\bar p, \bar q) =\frac{\lambda}{k!}(\bar p^m -\bar p^k) \bar q^k\, ,
\label{eq:2-0}
\end{equation}
with $[\bar q,\bar p]=1$.

Instead of discussing arbitrary cases, we focus in this paper in Hamiltonians with two powers of $\bar{q}$ at most. While higher vertices might be required by an eventual `true' theory of high energy QCD, we restrict to this form which contains the vertices most often discussed in the literature.
To pass to a more usual notation, we make the changes $\bar p \to -q$, $\bar q \to  p$, $H_R \to  -H$, arriving at
\begin{equation}
H(p,q)=\alpha_1pq-\alpha_2qp^2-\alpha_3q^2p+\alpha_4q^2p^2\, .
\label{eq:2-1}
\end{equation}
This expression corresponds to the Hamiltonian which rules, for reactions involving vertices up to fourth order, the evolution in rapidity $y$ (the logarithm of the energy) of an auxiliary function $F(y,q)$ \cite{Braun:2006gy},
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial F(y,q)}{\partial y} = -H(p,q) F(y,q)\, .
\label{eq:2-2}
\end{equation}
The evolution starts from some functional form for the coupling to the projectile at $y=0$, e.g. an eikonal coupling
\begin{equation}
F(y=0,q)=1-\exp{(-g_i q)}\, ,
\label{eq:2-3}
\end{equation}
where  $g_i$ is the coupling parameter with the projectile. The relation with the transition amplitude $A_{fi}(y)$ is given through
\begin{equation}
iA_{fi}(y)=F(y,q=g_f)\, ,
\label{eq:2-4}
\end{equation}
where $g_f$ is the coupling parameter with the target.

In (\ref{eq:2-1}) the variable $p$ plays the role of a conjugate variable to $q$, $p=-\partial/\partial q\equiv -\partial_q$. It is, in the formalism of \cite{elka}, the auxiliary degree of freedom required to study the non-equilibrium problem (for other approaches see \cite{doi,peliti,janssen,msr}). Further, $q(p)$ can be interpreted as the creation (annihilation) operator of the objects exchanged in the scattering. Within this interpretation, the property of the Hamiltonian (\ref{eq:2-1}),
\begin{equation}
H(p,\partial_p)=H_{y\to -y}\left(\frac{\alpha_3}{\alpha_2}q,-\frac{\alpha_2}{\alpha_3}\partial_q  \right)\, ,
\label{eq:2-5}
\end{equation}
amounts to a  symmetry of the scattering process from the projectile and target points of view. This symmetry is strongly suggestive of the Dense-dilute Duality which has been postulated \cite{Kovner:2005en} to be an essential property of high energy QCD evolution Hamiltonians.

In \cite{elka} the phase portrait determined by the zero energy trajectories, $H_R(\bar p,\bar q)=0$, has been used to classify reaction-diffusion processes into universality classes. We will focus in the following cases:

\begin{enumerate}

\item Reggeon Field Theory (RFT): $\alpha_4=0$, $\alpha_2=\alpha_3$. It contains no quartic vertex and  the splitting and recombination strengths are equal. It has no correspondence to a reaction-diffusion process, and it displays  the known phenomenon that the amplitude vanishes with increasing rapidity which is usually interpreted as tunneling \cite{Alessandrini:1975ak,Ciafaloni:1977xv,Ciafaloni:1978nb}. The effect of the quartic vertex has been examined recently \cite{Bondarenko:2006rh} due to its possible connection to high energy QCD evolution. The zero energy lines determine a triangular phase portrait given by
\begin{equation}
\bar p=0,\ \ \bar q=0, \ \  \bar q= \frac{\alpha_1}{\alpha_2}+\bar p\, .
\label{eq:2-6}
\end{equation}

\item Directed Percolation (DP): it is the case for the stochastic process with allowed reactions $1\overset{\lambda}{\rightarrow} 0$, $1\overset{\mu}{\rightarrow} 2$ and $2\overset{2\sigma}{\rightarrow} 1$, leading to $\alpha_1=\mu-\lambda$, $\alpha_3=\mu$ and $\alpha_2=\alpha_4=\sigma$. It contains a quartic vertex with the same strength as the recombination vertex, and its phase portrait is determined by
\begin{equation}
\bar p=0,\ \ \bar q=0, \ \  \bar q= \frac{\alpha_1+\alpha_3\bar p}{\alpha_2(1+\bar p)}\,.
\label{eq:2-7}
\end{equation}
Renormalization group arguments lead to the conclusion that the quartic vertex is irrelevant at dimensions greater than 4 (see e.g.\cite{Tauber:2005ax}). On the other hand, the third trajectory in (\ref{eq:2-7}) goes into a straight line when expanded around $\bar p=0$. In both cases one returns to RFT, a fact that we will use below to fix the parameters for our numerical study.

\item Reversible processes (RP): it is the case for the stochastic process with reactions $1\overset{\mu}{\rightarrow} 2$ and $2 \overset{2\sigma}{\rightarrow} 1$, leading to $\alpha_1=\alpha_3=\mu$ and $\alpha_2=\alpha_4=\sigma$. It contains a quartic vertex with the same strength as the recombination vertex and its phase portrait is determined by
\begin{equation}
\bar p=0,\ \ \bar q=0, \ \ \bar p = -1, \ \  \bar q= \frac{\alpha_1}{\alpha_2}\,.
\label{eq:2-8}
\end{equation}
This phase portrait cannot be deformed to a triangle and it does, therefore, belong  to a different universality class than that of DP.
The Langevin equation corresponding to this reaction-difussion problem is the stochastic Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Pis\-cou\-nov (see recent analyses in \cite{jack,alhammal}), which has been proposed to play a role in high energy QCD evolution beyond JIMWLK \cite{Iancu:2004iy,Iancu:2005nj,Mueller:2005ut,Bondarenko:2007kg}.

\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Choice of parameters}
\label{param}

Instead of scanning a large region of the parameter space, we focus on the effect of the quartic vertex and of the difference between different reaction-diffusion processes. Thus, for RFT we choose values $\alpha_1=1$ (this parameter can always be absorbed in a redefinition of rapidity) and $\alpha_2=\alpha_3=0.5$. We have checked that with this set of parameters the conclusions we extract by numerically solving the evolution equation (\ref{eq:2-2}) in a restricted rapidity window $0<y<5$ hold for higher rapidities and are not a `subasymptotic' effect, a situation which may happen for smaller values of $\alpha_2=\alpha_3$ \cite{Braun:2006gy}.
Besides, we will generically study the introduction of a quartic vertex in RFT as done in \cite{Bondarenko:2006rh} though this situation, as RFT itself in zero dimensions, does not correspond to any reaction-diffusion process.

For DP we adopt the following strategy: we approximate the phase portrait (\ref{eq:2-7}) by a triangle, which brings DP into RFT with a given quartic vertex, and identify the parameters with those in the phase portrait of RFT (\ref{eq:2-6}). This leads to the values $\alpha_1=1$, $\alpha_2=\alpha_4=0.5$ and $\alpha_3=1.5$.

Finally, for RP we take $\alpha_1=\alpha_3=1$ and vary the remaining parameter in the region $0.1<\alpha_2=\alpha_4<0.9$.

\subsection{Running of the couplings}
\label{running}

All couplings in these reaction-difussion processes are, at this level, fixed. Recently it has been proposed in the framework of a one-dimensional model, that effects of the running of the couplings may shift the contribution of effects of loops to higher rapidities \cite{Dumitru:2007ew}. To implement the running of the coupling in our approach we adopt an heuristic procedure. We interpret $1/q$ as some `momentum' scale which determines a common logarithmic running for the four couplings in our Hamiltonian\footnote{This choice of scale can be argued as follows: we identify the amplitude with that for the scattering of a dipole of size $\propto q$, which is known to increase with increasing dipole size. Previous experience with running coupling effects in the BK equation \cite{Albacete:2004gw} give us the hope that the concrete choice of scale will not alter the qualitative conclusions of this study.}:
\begin{equation}
\alpha_i(q)=\alpha_i \,\frac{\ln{(Q/q)}}{\ln{(q_0/q)}},\ \ i=1,\dots ,4\, ,
\label{eq:2-9}
\end{equation}
for $q<q_0$ and frozen to the values $\alpha_i$ discussed in the previous Subsection for $q\ge q_0$. $Q=10\, q_0$ plays the role of an inverse QCD scale, and we take two values of $q_0=0.5$ and 1. These choices are motivated by the need of making the effect of the running of the coupling noticeable in the restricted region of $q$ we explore numerically.

\subsection{Classical solutions}
\label{classical}

The Hamiltonian problem admits a classical solution:
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{p}=(-\alpha_1+\alpha_2p)p+2(\alpha_3-\alpha_4p) qp\, , \label{eq:2-10}\\
\dot{q}=(\alpha_1-2\alpha_2p)q+(-\alpha_3+2\alpha_4p)q^2\, , \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
with initial conditions
\begin{equation}
q(y=0)=g_i,\ \ p(y=Y)=g_f\, ,
\label{eq:2-11}
\end{equation}
where $Y$ is  the total rapidity spanned between the projectile located at $y=0$ and the target located at $y=Y$. Thus, the classical amplitude, i.e. the amplitude at tree level, can be computed standardly \cite{Ciafaloni:1978nb,Bondarenko:2006ft}:
\begin{equation}
iA_{fi}^{clas}(y)=1+\sum_k \Delta_k \exp{\left[ -S(Y,q_k,p_k) \right]}\, ,
\label{eq:2-12}
\end{equation}
with the index $k$ running over all possible solutions of the classical equations of motion (\ref{eq:2-10})\footnote{Three solutions, one symmetric ($\Delta_k=+1$) between projectile and target and two asymmetric ($\Delta_k=-1$), appear above some critical rapidity whose value depends on the chosen initial conditions, see a recent discussion in \cite{Bondarenko:2006ft}.},
$\Delta_k=\pm 1$ and $S(Y,q_k,p_k)$ the action evaluated for the classical solutions.

\section{Results}
\label{results}

We begin this section with a description of the numerical method used to compute the transition amplitude.
Following that, we study the rapidity evolution of the solutions for the fan case, RFT, DP and RP. Additionally, we examine the effects of an heuristic introduction of running of the couplings. Further, we phrase the effects of evolution in terms of a saturation scale. Finally, we compare the results of quantum and classical evolution.

\subsection{Numerical method}
\label{numerical}

To solve the differential equation
(\ref{eq:2-2}) with evolution kernel (\ref{eq:2-1}) and initial conditions (\ref{eq:2-3}) which defines the quantum mechanical problem,
we use a second order Runge-Kutta method. We have discretized the $q$-range in 500 points per unit which showed to be enough for a precision better than a few percent. The rapidity region studied is
\begin{equation}
0\leq y \leq 5
\label{eq:3-2}
\end{equation}
(though we study values as high as 40 when comparing with the classical solution).
The step in rapidity is correlated with the
step in $q$ \cite{Braun:2006gy}; we have used
$h=6.25\cdot 10^{-6}$.
With this numerical method we obtain the values of $F_i(y,q)$ in a $q$
interval for different rapidities. The results depends also on the
coupling constants: we use $g_i=1$ \cite{Braun:2006gy}.

The solution to the classical equations of motion (\ref{eq:2-10}) with initial conditions (\ref{eq:2-11}) was obtained using the shooting method. After the classical trajectories were computed, the amplitude was calculated through (\ref{eq:2-12}) (the corresponding quantum expression is given by (\ref{eq:2-4})).

\subsection{Numerical results}
\label{nresults}

We focus on the rapidity evolution of the solutions.

\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\textbf{(\alph{enumi})}}
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi}
\begin{enumerate}

\item \textbf{fan case}

First,
as a check, we study the so-called fan case \cite{Schwimmer:1975bv} in which there are no recombination terms, from the projectile point of view, in the Hamiltonian (\ref{eq:2-1}), i.e.
$\alpha_2=\alpha_4=0$. The differential equation admits an analytical solution
\begin{equation}\label{eq:3-3}
F_{fan}(y,q)=1-\exp\left[-\frac{g_i q e^{\alpha_1 y}}{1+\frac{q\alpha_3}{\alpha_1}\left(e^{\alpha_1 y}-1\right)}\right]\, .
\end{equation}
We use this analytical result to perform a check of our numerical
solution. As we can see in Fig.~\ref{check} there is a very good agreement between the analytical and the numerical results. Note that the BK equation sums the corresponding fan diagrams for BFKL pomerons \cite{Braun:2000wr}, leading a behaviour similar to what we found in this simple zero-dimensional case.

\FIGURE[h]{
      \epsfig{file=chek.ps,width=9cm}
  \caption{Comparison of the analytical (symbols) and numerical results (lines) for the fan case, with $g_i=1$.}\label{check}
}

\item \textbf{RFT}

Now we turn to RFT -- Fig.~\ref{RFT} -- which contains no quartic vertex. In the limit of high
rapidity we find an exponential decay, a behaviour already found in \cite{Braun:2006gy,Bondarenko:2006rh}
and interpreted as a tunneling phenomenon \cite{Alessandrini:1975ak,Ciafaloni:1977xv,Ciafaloni:1978nb}.

\FIGURE[h]{\epsfig{file=RFT.ps,width=9cm}
\caption{Rapidity evolution of the solutions in the case of RFT.}\label{RFT}}

\item \textbf{DP}

The third case we study is DP, with the parameters fixed as discussed in Subsection~\ref{param}.
What we find, Fig.~\ref{DP}, is that the evolution goes in the opposite direction to what is expected in high energy evolution, i.e. that the function moves to smaller values of $q$ with increasing rapidity\,\footnote{Our choice of parameters makes this behaviour visible in the $y$-range we study. Smaller values of $\alpha_{2,3,4}$ make it noticeable only for larger values of $y$.}. This poses serious doubts on DP as a candidate for a description of high energy QCD
evolution.

\FIGURE[h]{
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{DP.ps}
\caption{Rapidity evolution of the solutions in the case of DP.}\label{DP}
}

\item \textbf{RP}

Finally we turn to RP. As we see in Fig.~\ref{RP} (left),
the evolution leads the front towards smaller values of $q$ as we increase the value of rapidity.
So it behaves in the expected manner for high energy QCD evolution.
The parameters $\alpha_{2,4}$, characterizing respectively the vertices $2\rightarrow 1$ and $2\rightarrow 2$, are free.
We find that increasing $\alpha_2=\alpha_4$ makes the evolution softer -- Fig. \ref{RP} (right) --, again as expected for high energy evolution.

\FIGURE[h]{
  \hfill
  \begin{minipage}[t]{7cm}
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{RPvsy.ps}
       \end{center}
  \end{minipage}
  \hfill
  \begin{minipage}[t]{7cm}
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{y=5RP.ps}
    \end{center}
  \end{minipage}
  \hfill\caption{Rapidity evolution of the solutions in the case of RP for $\alpha_2=\alpha_4=0.3$ (left). Solutions of RP for different values of $\alpha_2=\alpha_4$ , at $y=5$ (right).}\label{RP}
}

\item \textbf{running coupling}

Now we turn to our heuristic implementation of the running of the couplings. In Fig.~\ref{RPRC} we show the results for the fan case and for RP -- the two cases where the evolution goes in the expected direction -- for the different freezing points for the coupling discussed in subsection \ref{running}. The evolution is clearly slowed down with the effect of the frozen procedure being more noticeable at the beginning of the evolution.

\FIGURE[h]{
  \hfill
  \begin{minipage}[t]{7cm}
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{fanFCvsRCy=3.ps}
       \end{center}
  \end{minipage}
  \hfill
  \begin{minipage}[t]{7cm}
    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{RPFixedandRunning.ps}
    \end{center}
  \end{minipage}
  \hfill\caption{Evolution of $F_i(y,q)$ for given values of rapidity,
  comparing the behaviour with fixed (FC) and running (RC) couplings. Fan
  case (left). RP (right).}\label{RPRC}
}

\item \textbf{saturation scale}

To ensure that the effects of evolution in each case are  more easily visible, we parallel the studies of the BK equation and introduce a `saturation scale' $1/q_s(y)$, defined through the equation
\begin{equation}
F(y,q_s(y))=\kappa\, ,
\label{eq:4-1}
\end{equation}
with $\kappa$ some fixed value of order 1/2.
It is known \cite{Albacete:2004gw} that the specific choice of the value of $\kappa$ leads to small changes in the leading $y$-behaviour of the saturation scale which, for the purposes of this study, are entirely negligible.
In Fig.~\ref{satRC} we show the `saturation scale' obtained for the fan case, for DP and for RP. In the fan case, the running of the couplings slows down the increase of $1/q_s(y)$ (as in the BK equation). In DP $1/q_s(y)$ diminishes with increasing rapidity. Finally, in RP both the increase of the strengths of the vertices $2\rightarrow 1$ and $2\rightarrow 2$ and the running of the couplings slow down the increase of  $1/q_s(y)$ -- a behaviour which may be linked with the findings in \cite{Dumitru:2007ew} of a competition between the effects of recombination vertices, called `Pomeron loops', and of running coupling.

\FIGURE{
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{FixedRunningCsatFAN.ps}
       \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{satDP.ps}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{satRPcomp.ps}
  \caption{$1/q_s(y)$ in the fan case for fixed and running couplings (top left). $1/q_s(y)$ in DP for fixed coupling (top right). $1/q_s(y)$ in RP with fixed coupling for two sets of $\alpha_2=\alpha_4=0.1$ and 0.3, and for running coupling for $\alpha_2=\alpha_4=0.1$ (bottom).}\label{satRC}
}

\item \textbf{classical solution}

Finally, we want to compare the full quantum and the symmetrical classical solutions, see Subsection \ref{classical}. This provides an evaluation of the effect of loops in the strict Quantum Field Theory sense.
In Fig.~\ref{class0.1} we show both the classical and quantum imaginary parts of the amplitude for RFT with a quartic vertex, for different values of $g_i=g_f$. The classical solution lies always above the quantum one, with the difference between both increasing with increasing rapidity. Similar conclusions are extracted in other cases.

\FIGURE{
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{ClasSolgi=0,1.ps}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{ClasSolgi=0,2.ps}
      \includegraphics[width=7cm,clip]{ClasSolgi=1.ps}
   \caption{The classical symmetrical (dashed lines) and the quantum (solid line) imaginary part of the amplitude versus $y$. $g_i=g_f=0.1$ (top left).  $g_i=g_f=0.2$ (top right). $g_i=g_f=1$  (bottom).}\label{class0.1}
}

\end{enumerate}

\section{Conclusions}
\label{conclusions}

In this paper we have examined numerically several reaction-diffusion processes in zero transverse dimensions as possible candidates for a toy model of high-energy QCD evolution. We have restricted ourselves to those models in which the Hamiltonian formulation \cite{elka} contain vertices with up to two derivatives: diffusion, splitting, recombination and $2\rightarrow 2$, which allows a discussion of all common universality classes. We have also considered usual variants of such models which are not strictly reaction-diffusion processes.
Their feasibility as toy models for high-energy QCD evolution has been evaluated in terms of the direction of the evolution with increasing evolution parameter, that is increasing rapidity.

In the case of Reggeon Field Theory, which contains no quartic vertex and thus has no reaction-diffusion interpretation, we find the known behaviour of a vanishing amplitude with increasing rapidity. Directed Percolation leads to a behaviour of the solutions decreasing with increasing rapidity. On the other hand, the limiting case of considering only fan diagrams (again with no reaction-diffusion counterpart) and Reversible Processes show solutions which increase with increasing rapidity. In the case of RP which, as DP, contains a quartic vertex, the evolution is slowed down by increasing the recombination and $2\rightarrow 2$ vertices. We have shown all these behaviours both at the level of the amplitudes and of an analogue of a saturation momentum.

We have also introduced, in an heuristic manner, a running of the couplings, which tends to slow down the evolution in all cases, working in the same direction as the increase of the recombination and $2\rightarrow 2$ vertices as found in \cite{Dumitru:2007ew}. Finally, we have numerically computed the classical solutions (those which sum tree diagrams), and found that they generically lie above the quantum ones, with their difference growing with increasing rapidity, so quantum effects tend to slow down the evolution.

Summarizing, we have found that the only zero-dimensional reaction-diffusion process which shows a behaviour of the amplitude in agreement with the expectations from high energy QCD with rapidity is RP. This process is linked with sFKPP equation often used to discuss \cite{Iancu:2004iy,Iancu:2005nj,Mueller:2005ut,Bondarenko:2007kg} high-energy QCD evolution. Increasing recombinations terms, and the inclusion of quantum loops and of a running of the coupling generically slow down the evolution.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
It is a pleasure to thank E. Iancu, A. Kovner, M. Kozlov, E. M. Levin, A. H. Mueller and A. Prygarin for most useful discussions. Special thanks go to M. A. Braun for discussions and a numerical cross-check, to L. Motyka and  R. Peschanski for most useful remarks. NA has been supported by Ministerio de Educaci\'on
y Ciencia of Spain under a contract Ram\'on y Cajal, and PQ by MEC of Spain under a grant of the FPU Program. NA, SB and PQ have been supported by MEC of Spain under project FPA2005-01963, by Xunta de Galicia (Conseller\'{\i}a de Educaci\'on), and by the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010
Programme CPAN (CSD2007-00042). JGM has been supported by
the Funda\c c\~ao para
a Ci\^encia e a Tecnologia of Portugal under contracts
SFRH/BPD/12112/2003 and SFRH/BPD/34760/2007. JGM thanks the Departamento de
F\'{\i}sica de Part\'{\i}culas of Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and
NA and PQ thank CENTRA/IST, for warm hospitality during stays
when part of this work was done.

\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}\begingroup\raggedright

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
USS KEY WEST (SSN 722) (1)
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Nuclear Engineering (7)
Foreign Military Sales (7)
Engineering Management (7)
Defense Contracting (7)
Defence Sector (7)
'STEPHANIE' SIGINT (7)
"General Dynamics" SIGINT (7)
"Endeavor Systems" SIGINT (7)
'GOLD' SIGINT (4)
Federal GovernmentX
Nuclear EngineeringX
Ken Sault
DoD, Defense, Nuclear, Navy, Security Clearance, Military Operations, Military, Leadership, C4ISR, Operational Planning, Systems Engineering, Command, Engineering Management, National Security, Organizational..., Information Assurance, Program Management, Force Protection, Government, Project Planning, Military Experience, Electronic Warfare, Top Secret, Weapons, Proposal Writing, Earned Value Management, Government Contracting, Intelligence, Defence, Intelligence Analysis, Tactics, Defence Sector, Military Logistics, Army, Radar, Air Force, Counterterrorism, Readiness, Defense Contracting, Nuclear Engineering, Foreign Military Sales, Aerospace, Homeland Security, Military Training, Requirements Management, UAV, Federal Government, Special Operations, Command & Control, SIGINT, Organizational Leadership
'GOLD' SIGINT, 'STEPHANIE' SIGINT, "ManTech International Corporation" SIGINT, "Endeavor Systems" SIGINT, "General Dynamics" SIGINT
Responsible for the Strategic and Attack Submarine Program (PMS 392). Conducted planning, budgeting and execution of the life cycle materiel support, maintenance and modernization of all submarines and the inactivation and disposal of all nuclear submarines and surface ships.
Assistant Program Manager
Responsible for establishing the initial warfighting requirements for a new class of submarines. Executed the operational support for a special mission submarine, coordinating the efforts of 10 government agencies and five defense contractors in supporting special mission capabilities of a system of systems providing unique operational capability to the Department of Defense and the intelligence community.
USS Hampton (SSN-767)
DoD, Defense, Nuclear, Navy, Security Clearance, Military Operations, Military, Leadership, C4ISR, Operational Planning, Systems Engineering, Command, Engineering Management, National Security, Organizational Leadership, Information Assurance, Program Management, Force Protection, Government, Project Planning, Military Experience, Electronic Warfare, Top Secret, Weapons, Proposal Writing, Earned Value Management, Government Contracting, Intelligence, Defence, Intelligence Analysis, Tactics, Defence Sector, Military Logistics, Army, Radar, Air Force, Counterterrorism, Readiness, Defense Contracting, Nuclear Engineering, Foreign Military Sales, Aerospace, Homeland Security, Military Training, Requirements Management, UAV, Federal Government, Special Operations, Command & Control, SIGINT
Bringing unmanned maritime vehicle technologies to the Navy.
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USS KEY WEST (SSN 722)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Genius grants don't pay off in literature
Mark Scheffler
Daniel Socolow, director of the MacArthur Fellows program, says he doesn't try to quantify authors' creativity: "I think the program works fantastically." Photo: Roark Johnson
As part of a program widely known as genius grants, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation most years gives one or more authors $500,000, hoping financial freedom will help the writers produce their best work.
An examination of the program, however, reveals that most of the 31 writers chosen since 1981 as MacArthur Fellows had already hit their artistic peak. That conclusion is supported by the 14 major awards — either a Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award, National Book Critics Circle Award or PEN/Faulkner prize — and 37 minor awards the authors received before getting their MacArthur money.
Surveying book reviews, author profiles and the opinions of literary scholars, Crain's determined that 88% of the MacArthur recipients wrote their greatest works before being recognized by the Chicago-based foundation. The sheer number of books produced by the writers declined, too, after their MacArthur awards.
It would reinforce romantic notions that great art requires personal sacrifice to suggest that, half-a-million dollars in hand, writers get lazy. But something else appears to account for the failure of the MacArthur program to fulfill its promise: Writers are mostly chosen too late in their careers, average age 48, and well after the literary establishment has recognized them for excellence.
Their best work was behind them
Chicago native Sandra Cisneros
published her first novel, the autobiographical "The House on Mango Street," in 1984 — it won an American Book Award the following year and became an internationally acclaimed best seller. MacArthur awarded her a fellowship 11 years after its publication. She's published one novel since, the 2003 "Caramelo."
Bette Howland
won a MacArthur 10 years after her best book, "W-3," about her time in a psychiatric institution. She's published no books since her 1984 award.
Norman Manea
won seven years after his critical peak, "The Black Envelope." He's written just two books in the 12 years since the 1992 award.
won 11 years after her peak, "Bloodchild." She's published only one book in the nine years since her 1995 award.
That's not how the program was supposed to work. Roderick MacArthur, son of billionaire John D. MacArthur, in 1981 told the New York Times: "This program is probably the best reflection of the rugged individualism exemplified by my father — the risky betting on individual explorers while everybody else is playing it safe on another track."
The foundation continues to echo those sentiments in word if not always in deed. "The fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential," an overview of the program explains. And the fellows program director, Daniel Socolow, says: "We don't see this as an award for past achievement. We see it as an investment in their potential."
And yet, MacArthur in 1988 chose Thomas Pynchon, some 25 years into his career and fully 15 years after his greatest achievement, "Gravity's Rainbow," a convoluted story of paranoia and missile technology in the period after World War II. Similarly, Sandra Cisneros' MacArthur grant came 11 years after her masterpiece, "The House on Mango Street," an elegantly simple story of a Latina growing up in Chicago.
To be sure, the foundation has in a small handful of cases recognized writers who then went on to do their greatest works. Cormac McCarthy's 1981 MacArthur prize came 11 years before "All the Pretty Horses," the first installment of his acclaimed Border Trilogy and a winner of the National Book Award and National Book Critics Circle Award.
MacArthur's Mr. Socolow, 64 and a former president of American University in Paris, was named director of the fellowship program — the foundation doesn't call them genius grants — in 1997. In an interview, he was surprised, but not terribly troubled, to hear that creative breakthroughs fall off after winning a MacArthur. The awards come with no strings attached and no real follow-up by the foundation.
"I haven't seen anything from anyone that has led me to be disappointed," Mr. Socolow says, "primarily because I haven't followed (the recipients) too closely."
Perhaps he should, says Leslie Lenkowsky, professor of public affairs and philanthropic studies at Indiana University and former CEO of the Corp. for National and Community Service. "The mystique of no strings attached is an easy way to avoid the hard question about what the money accomplished," Mr. Lenkowsky says. "If you give an award to a young writer and he never produced anything worthwhile, it's reasonable to conclude the award wasn't all that helpful. Why not just watch what they do?"
The lack of curiosity and follow-up flies in the face of current philanthropic practice. Charities, more and more, are seeking to measure the results of their giving and to make adjustments to increase its effectiveness, adopting a more disciplined, businesslike approach.
'UNEVEN' NOMINATING SYSTEM
The literary awards are part of the sprawling MacArthur Fellows program, which annually gives $500,000 each to between 20 and 30 individuals in fields as diverse as public health, nanotechnology, human rights, medical research and sculpture. That program, in turn, accounts for less than 10% of the nearly $200 million in grants the $4-billion-in-assets foundation makes each year in the U.S. and abroad. It's an awful lot of things to be good at.
Looking for potential
The MacArthur Foundation's three selection criteria:
Fellows must be exceptionally creative individuals.
Fellows must show significant promise for important future advances based on a track record of accomplishment.
Fellowships must be able to relieve constraints that prevent the recipients from freely working on their most innovative projects, to do what might not be done otherwise.
MacFound.org
The 100 anonymous nominators in the fellows program are free to suggest winners in any field of work, so that a botanist could nominate a poet. (Nominations are vetted by outside evaluators and the MacArthur board approves choices made by a separate outside selection committee, all operating secretly.)
In the early 1990s, the MacArthur Foundation asked Richard Evans, principal of New York-based Emc.Arts, a consulting firm to non-profit arts groups, to review its fellows nomination process. He concluded that the system was "uneven and didn't lead to a consistent approach to discovering writers of talent earlier in their career."
Mr. Socolow disagrees: "I think the program works fantastically. Can I measure it in quantifiable terms? No."
FOLLOWING OTHER AWARDS
If the goal were to reward great work already accomplished, of course, MacArthur's job would be easier. In 1993, it recognized Ernest J. Gaines, who that same year published his greatest work, at age 60, "A Lesson Before Dying." The book, about an African-American man wrongly sentenced to death, won a National Book Critics Circle Award. Mr. Gaines hasn't published a book since.
MacArthur likewise recognized David Foster Wallace in 1997, the year after his "Infinite Jest," a 1,000-plus page assemblage of cultural and intellectual riffs, was widely talked about, if less widely read.
With the $500,000, paid out over five years, authors of course are delighted to receive a MacArthur; a Pulitzer pays just $10,000. But the program hasn't established itself as a major literary award, following, as it does, in the footsteps of Pulitzers, National Book Awards and such.
"It's not the same type of literary cachet," says Harold Augenbraum, executive director of the National Book Foundation, which sponsors the National Book Awards. "The MacArthur award is much quieter."
View full chart
(PDF file format, 480Kb)
SKEWING YOUNGER
A few more inspired choices like Richard Powers, however, could change that. Just 32 when MacArthur recognized him in 1989, Mr. Powers had written two promising books but was just getting started.
The 1997 movie "Gattaca" was based on an original screenplay, written by Andrew Niccol. A Jan. 24 story about MacArthur Foundation grants incorrectly stated the movie was based on a book by Richard Powers. [printed in Jan. 31 issue]
Since the award, he has published six books, three of them finalists for either a National Book Award or National Book Critics Circle Award, including 1991's "The Gold Bug Variations" — "Just seeing so much sheer cleverness packed into 639 pages is a remarkable experience," a New York Times review said. His 1995 novel "Galatea 2.2" was made into a movie, "Gattaca," starring Ethan Hawke and Uma Thurman.
But even youngsters can be safe choices. Since winning a MacArthur in 1992 at 32, Joanna Scott went on to write compelling books, including Pulitzer finalist "The Manikin," about the inhabitants of a strange mansion. But she was no upstart when the foundation tapped her; she had been a PEN/Faulkner finalist for her pre-MacArthur book, "Arrogance," a fictionalized account of an Austrian painter.
The 2004 MacArthur winners, Aleksandar Hemon and Edward P. Jones, 40 and 54, respectively, at the time of the awards, had already received considerable attention. Mr. Jones won a National Book Critics Circle Award and a Pulitzer for 2003's "The Known World," the story of a former slave with an epic cast of characters. His first book, "Lost in the City," was a National Book Award finalist.
Mr. Hemon, who lives in Chicago, was an instant hit in literary circles for his 2000 collection about love and war in Sarajevo and America, "The Question of Bruno."
They'll each have to reach considerable new heights for MacArthur to appear prescient rather than just piling on. But, says Mr. Socolow, "we can watch their careers play out over a longer period of time."
&Copy;2005 by Crain Communications Inc.


It connects to a mobile app and gives tutorials to improve the user's ironing skills. There is no longer any need for user manuals as a built-in sensor helps optimise the user's ironing technique by comparing it to the "ideal" movement demonstrated on the interactive video of the app. This enables the user to develop the perfect ironing gesture.
With the help of a sensor built into the iron handle, the Laurastar Sensteam technology captures movements and triggers steam automatically. Now both intelligent and autonomous, its pulsed distribution ensures optimal steam dosing. There is also no further need to adjust the temperature: the thermostat is programmed to adapt to all fabrics.
Laurastar Smart is described by the company as "a system that thinks on your behalf". With Bluetooth connectivity, motion sensors, automation of steam and temperature adjustment, the Laurastar Smart premium range incorporates the internet of things to "combine performance with an exceptional user experience".


text:
Gani Bajraktari
University of PristinaKosovo
Dr. Gani Bajraktari graduated in Medicine at the University of Prishtina (Kosovo) in 1990 and completed his specialization in cardiology at the Second Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana (Albania), in 1997. He finished his postgraduate studies, defending the Master\'s thesis at Medical Faculty of Zagreb (Croatia) in 2000, in the field of stress-echocardiography, whereas he defended his doctoral thesis in 2002, at Medical Faculty of the University of Prishtina. He finished his PhD studies at Semelweis University in Budapest (Hungary), defending the Ph.D. thesis in 2007. In two mandates (2001-2003 and 2007-2009) he was the director of Internal Medicine Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina. He was elected as Professor of Internal Medicine - Cardiology at Medical Faculty in 2006, whereas in 2009, he was elected as Dean of Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina. His clinical and research interests include echocardiography, diastology, diabetes and heart failure. He published 30 articles in these fields. He is the author of three books. Dr. Bajraktari is a Fellow of European Society of Cardiology and a Fellow of American College of Cardiology.
Latest work with IntechOpen by Gani Bajraktari
The book "Echocardiography - New Techniques" brings worldwide contributions from highly acclaimed clinical and imaging science investigators, and representatives from academic medical centers. Each chapter is designed and written to be accessible to those with a basic knowledge of echocardiography. Additionally, the chapters are meant to be stimulating and educational to the experts and investigators in the field of echocardiography. This book is aimed primarily at cardiology fellows on their basic echocardiography rotation, fellows in general internal medicine, radiology and emergency medicine, and experts in the arena of echocardiography. Over the last few decades, the rate of technological advancements has developed dramatically, resulting in new techniques and improved echocardiographic imaging. The authors of this book focused on presenting the most advanced techniques useful in today's research and in daily clinical practice. These advanced techniques are utilized in the detection of different cardiac pathologies in patients, in contributing to their clinical decision, as well as follow-up and outcome predictions. In addition to the advanced techniques covered, this book expounds upon several special pathologies with respect to the functions of echocardiography.
EchocardiographyNew TechniquesEdited by Gani Bajraktari
Edited by Gani Bajraktari
Books edited
EchocardiographyIn Specific DiseasesEdited by Gani Bajraktari
Echocardiography in Severe Aortic Stenosis
By Gani Bajraktari
Part of the book: Echocardiography
Ryotaro Wake
Dawod Sharif
Bnai Zion Medical Center, Israel
Toru Maruyama
Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
Alistair Royse
University of Melbourne, Australia
Amal Sharif-Rasslan
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Uri Rosenschein
Gheorghe Cerin
Bogdan Adrian Popa
Marco Diena
Colin Royse


text:
Home > History
A century of stories within 26 acres
The story of Brucemore, at its core is the story of three families: the Sinclairs who built it, the Douglases who transformed it, and the Halls who gave it to the community. The wealth of these families allowed them freedom to pursue their cultural and philanthropic interests. Each of these families created a home at Brucemore which reflected their passions.
Today, Brucemore tells the story of these families, showcasing their daily lives. From their home we can picture their comings and goings, hobbies, pets, individual tastes, and styles. We can understand the people and their place in history while appreciating their contributions to the development of the community and the region.
Their stories are unique, but share a common trait - the three families of Brucemore each reflected and influenced the community in which they lived.
The families of Brucemore had a strong connection to the industrial development of the region, including meatpacking, starch processing, and manufacturing.
When Margaret Douglas Hall gifted Brucemore to the National Trust in 1981, the house represented a blend of stylistic trends and modifications made by the three families who called the house their home.
Experience Caroline Sinclair's sweeping front lawn, the naturalistic landscape designs of the Douglas era, and the Hall family's subtle, modern additions.


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Why Lil' Black Sheep Love Charity..and I Need Your Help!
There's something about lil' black sheep that just melts my heart. Maybe it's because they stand out in a crowd. Maybe it's because they're the minority. Maybe it's because they are just really really cute.
I love to give back…and one way I love to do this is by linking my stories to charities. Finding Emma is linked to The Missing Children's Society of Canada and this upcoming Sunday is the National Missing Children's Day. With the help of my Secret Society – we've created a logo for T-shirts that you can purchase and 100% of the money will be donated to this charity.
That's right. ALL OF IT. Plus, I'll be donating funds from the sale of Finding Emma as well. For every T-shirt sold, I will donate the royalties I would have earned from Finding Emma. So the more T-shirts that sell, the more money from the book will be donated. Here's some samples.
Black Sheep read the end of the book first…isn't that so cute? I love it!
I need your help! I would love to find an organization to help support for my upcoming release – Stillwater Rising. The story and series is about the aftermath of a small town school shooting – with the focus being on the town and it's inhabitants and how they learn to heal. Do you have any suggestions?


The index opened flat but saw buying at lower levels to close strong near the highs at 8952.50, gain of 34.55 points. The broader market was strong with 1004 advances to 616 declines. Range now at 8600-9000.
Call option 8900-9000, 9200-9500 added 5.15 lacs OI with short covering at 8800 and below strike prices.
Put option 9100-8700 added 15.84 lacs OI with profit booking at 8600 and below strike prices.
Nifty Open Interest is at 3,43,47,975 up by 3,43,575, with increase in price, probably long build-up.
Bank Nifty Open Interest is at 28,93,880 down by 10,200, with no change in price, probably long liquidation.
FII's sold 808 contracts of Index Futures, which includes net 2154 contracts long build-up and 2962 contracts short build-up, with increase in net OI by 5116 contracts, includes 28402 longs to 29210 shorts for the day.
FII's Index future open contract as on date is 410649 Longs to 52409 Shorts, Net long 358240 contracts.
Initial support at 8900, with OI of 35.34 lacs and below that at 8800 with OI of 48.08 lacs.
Initial and best resistance still at 9000, with OI of 55.84 lacs and above that at 9100 with OI of 34.82 lacs.
Day Range as per Option Table is 8882 - 8997 and as per VIX is 8891 - 9014 with 8936 as the Pivot.


It is important for any new industry to rely upon local companies for support of their operations. Below are lists of regional support companies from construction and engineering to machine shops and industrial supplies. Although the list includes over 100 companies, their are countless more to serve your needs.


I'm completely & whole heartedly obsessed with this head wrapping fad. I don't know why it's taken me so long to really fall in love and give it a try, as I've seen it done for a while now. But I'm smitten and now wrapping everything I see around my head (grabbed the table cloth scarf yesterday and the one hanging on my lampshade today - easy to add an accessory whenever it tickles you when they're laying about the house on every available surface). So ... the question is, does it make me look retro cool or is it just plain weird? I have to admit that I'm pretty sure my "nanny" growing up wore something similar around her head and even if not quite like this, I still am reminded of her each time I look in the mirror (my SA friends will "understand" :). I followed this tutorial, it's very simple and she looks amazing, and it worked on my first try (have tried other tutorials that didn't quite cut it). And since my hair is in dire need of a color and bang cut, turbans are my newest staple.
*Warning - They are indeed man repelling. Each time the huz sees me wrapped up like this he looks a little horrified. Also was made fun of by "the stylish guy". Whatevs dudes. Let's have the ladies decide.
And a side note, last night the huz and I went out for sushi! (I did not wear my genie pants though).
I am voting "for" the turban! I'll be trying it...I also like that your earring selection is not overwhelming with it.
I love this look - I wonder if it would work with the hair down after it is wrapped as a way to hold it back, too. I have to try it!


text:
Frankly Curious
Everything interesting for everyone interesting…
Frank Moraes
Major Pages
Just Philately
Abortion, Blood, and Things Girls Know
Posted on 03 Oct 2015 by Frank Moraes
Although I believe that I possess a special level of cluelessness on this matter, I think that men are pretty ignorant when it comes to human biology. There is a realization that comes to all us boys around the age of 5 that the girls have some kind of secret knowledge that they are not sharing with us. That never goes away. In fact, it only gets worse. At puberty, we all get very stupid. The men pretend they are tough and the women pretend they are weak, and the mating rituals begin. But still: the women are hiding something from the men — but only because we men can't understand it.
There is something very male about the hysteria over the Planned Parenthood videos and Carly Fiorina's claims about an aborted fetus outside the womb. And I think it explains why the anti-choice folks are using this tactic. Brian Beutler explained what's going on very well, The Anti-Abortion Movement's Weapons: Shock, Lies, and Carly Fiorina. When the videos first came out, the claim was that Planned Parenthood was doing something illegal. But that wasn't true, so there have been various excuses for the "sting" operation. None of them are true, of course.
When all the videos — released over time so as to maximize media attention — didn't do much, the same group releases a video that shows a pre-viable fetus outside the womb with some degree of life left in it. The footage was not taken by the group. It was taken from another source. According to Jen Gunter, it must be at least 15 years old. What's more, it is almost certainly not from an abortion procedure, but from a miscarriage. But it is nonetheless shocking and disturbing, especially to men who really don't have a clue what goes on inside women's bodies.
Of course, women do. Beutler quoted Rebecca Traister on this subject:
Women already know what abortion is. We know more about blood, innards, fetuses, and the babies they may become — in short, about life in reproductive bodies — than anti-abortion activists seem to understand.
And that's why I say that it is all about men — or at least a male take on the subject. And this may be why the anti-choice movement so easily transitioned to anti-birth-control, and why it is so aligned with patriarchy. There may be a lot of women in the movement, but they are mostly the ones who do not believe in doing it for themselves.
Ultimately, the whole thing — the years of undercover work, the videos, the outrage — was just to get to show that image. As Beutler said, "It's an Operation Rescue protest in the guise of advocacy, investigative journalism, committee hearings, and New York Times columns." It is really just the same old argument: if only we pro-choice people understood what late term abortions were really like, then we'd change our minds!
Most of the women I've known in my life have either liked or had no problem watching those shows that present open heart surgery and so on. I can't take them. They are deeply disturbing. But no one makes the case that we shouldn't do heart surgeries because they are disgusting. And it's equally true that childbirth itself is disgusting. Life is disgusting! But women already know that and they have since puberty at the latest. So this is mostly just a show for us men.
For the women, I guess it is a slightly different narrative: "Look! Bloody fetus! Looks like a baby!" But Traister had a response for that too:
Women know about blood. We know about discharge. We know about babies, and many of us also love them, their little feet and hands and eyelashes. And, yes, we know that those bitty features develop while the fetus is inside us. We also know the physical, economic, and emotional costs of raising those children outside our wombs.
But this is not about babies. If it were, then these same conservatives wouldn't be so intent on making poor mothers work outside the home. It is about controlling women. And so we have to see the tactics of "noisy protestors who hold startling fetus posters aloft outside of abortion clinics." Because that is all they've got.
More Great Frankly Curious Articles
Washington Dysfunction Is Republican Dysfunction
Letter to Obama Regarding EPA
The Two One Kinds of Libertarians
The Artist Is Silly and Wonderful
Flutes and Fashions
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About Frank Moraes
Frank Moraes is a freelance writer and editor online and in print. He is educated as a scientist with a PhD in Atmospheric Physics. He has worked in climate science, remote sensing, throughout the computer industry, and as a college physics instructor. Find out more at About Frank Moraes.
View all posts by Frank Moraes →
16 thoughts on "Abortion, Blood, and Things Girls Know"
Elizabeth on 03 Oct 2015 at 10:18 am said:
Guys think we have secret knowledge? Does this mean that all the misogyny we have had to put up with for the past forever is because men are mad about something that happens when they are five? I am kidding mostly but since we generally are not taken into a room and given secrets considering the number of tampon horror stories I have heard…I don't know what this secret knowledge would be.
The anti-choice movement is so very much the ends justify the means. Obviously lie in ways that are super easy to find out? It is okay if it means one more unwanted pregnancy keeps going. Make it next to impossible to get an abortion if you are poor? Who cares if that means the eventual baby starves to death because the mother is too poor and too ignorant to not dilute the formula too much for the baby and the mother goes to prison for life. Kill a doctor who helps women who are devastated at the fact their very wanted pregnancy has gone horribly wrong? It is okay, that means these women will be tortured but at least she did not get an abortion.
The anti-choice crowd always wanted to go after birth control though-to them, any woman who has unauthorized by them sex absolutely must be punished with the blessing of a child no matter what else is going on in her life and they cannot be made to pay for it, since after all, she is the one who transgressed and must be punished. It is an extremely callous disregard for another human in favor of only a potential with it almost never having any impact on their lives.
James Fillmore on 03 Oct 2015 at 11:35 am said:
It is almost secret knowledge, since sex ed in this country is a joke. (Like history!) If there's anything little kids are fascinated by, it's biology, and where babies come from. But we can't discuss human reproductive biology in schools.
I'm in my 40s, I work in health care, and I have no clue what human female reproductive organs do. None. Partially because I was ingrained at an early age to think these things are forbidden and Evil.
Elizabeth on 03 Oct 2015 at 3:35 pm said:
They plot world domination then get upset when someone doesn't call and spend the rest of the weekend eating ice cream. ;)
James Fillmore on 03 Oct 2015 at 4:18 pm said:
I knew it! Damn those sneaky organs! I've never trusted the pancreas!
Wait — I think I might have a pancreas. Scratch the above if I do.
Frank Moraes on 03 Oct 2015 at 4:53 pm said:
If I could tell you the secret knowledge, it wouldn't be secret! But it isn't things. It is more spiritual — being hooked into the circle of life in a way that men just aren't. It is knowledge in the Gnostic sense.
Reproductive rights are clearly all about control. I don't think that's true of all anti-choicers, however. Most anti-choice people have just been sold this myth about the cute little baby that is being murdered. The real question is why they have been sold that. Certainly, I think it is, Racism Not Abortion. But there's something really vile in the outlook that abortion is all right in the case of rape but not otherwise. Shockingly, this is considered "middle of the road" these days. And that is very clearly the argument, "We'll let you have an abortion if you can prove you didn't want the sex." The hardliners make more sense philosophically, but as a practical matter, they want women to die, as I discussed in, Ireland's Medieval Abortion Laws.
Oh, the knowledge of what happens when you tote a fetus around for nine months. Since I have not done that, I have no idea what that kind of mystic experience is like. Naomi Wolf wrote about what women experience in Misconceptions where it kind of feels like your personality is dividing in two but I have no idea if that is the case. It is not something women really talk about (at least to me.)
Having spoken in person and online with many an anti-choicer, they start out with the whole "it is a little baby being murdered" and then move fairly quickly to "its sluts having sex with their slut pills. AND ON MY DIME!"
And currently despite the frequent outcry that meets it, I honestly think the reason that Republicans keep mentioning prohibiting rape victims from seeking abortion is another part of their creep strategy. Have some wild eyed people mention something outrageous and then gauge the reaction. As time goes by having more and more mainstream politicians say it and so it goes.
Certainly it works to push what was always an extreme position (only in cases of rape, life of the mother) to a place where it seems moderate — or at least more moderate. Next we'll probably hear conservatives calling for the death penalty for women who have miscarriages, making those who only want to lock them in a cage for 10 years seem reasonable.
My Gnostic Theory of Women is not fully worked out. I can't really speak for men in general, but to me, females have always seemed to know "stuff" that I was not privy too. It does have to do with reproduction, but it isn't the fact of having carried a child. But it could just be an elaborate theory to explain: (1) that women mature more quickly then men; and (2) that I'm so clueless on matters biological — and even matters of reality because I do tend to live my life in the ether.
It will eventually get there and in some areas of the country it already is. Like Purvi Patel in Indiana-who was convicted somehow of both committing a feticide and killing a newborn. The judge at the sentencing said that she would have just avoided it if she had just gone to PP and gotten an abortion. -.- It is starting to be pretty scary out there for women to be pregnant unless they are wealthy, white and healthy.
Your theory would explain some of the anger that the Men's Rights Activists display. You have taken a more laid back approach of women know something I don't, no biggie. Theirs is HULK SMASH.
That's what I find so interesting about the anti-choice movement. It is hardly limited to abortion. It was only in the last couple of years that I started hearing about the IUD being a form of abortion. It's all about controlling women.
I wouldn't say that it's no biggie; it more that it is fascinating! I don't know what set the MRAs off. It always seems to me that they just hate women. But I do think there is a general sense among men that women are better than we are. And you can deal with that by surrounding yourself with women or vilifying them. But there is something very wrong with the MRA types. They remind me of the kind of people who go and shoot up schools.
Since I started keeping track of the anti-choice movement back when I was a teenager I knew they were going to go after contraception. They view it as letting women have sex without consequences/punishment and as we both know, they really hate it when women have sex without punishment. What has been interesting to me has the gradual realization on the part of most liberals what the anti-choice crowd is after.
Oh the MRA hate women-depending the age of the MRA it is either "ire that hot chicks are not instantly falling at my feet" or "that damn woman left me because I am a total jerk." One thing though that is consistent: they don't think we women are human. They think we have hive minds for heaven's sake. But they don't think we are superior, or maybe they do and are super disappointed we are not.
James Fillmore on 04 Oct 2015 at 11:10 pm said:
WOW. I was driving through rural Minnesota today. We passed a health clinic that, I guess, provided birth-control services and it was swarming with picketers. There must have been 20 picketers there. This in some town with a few thousand residents. There's a Planned Parenthood in Minneapolis close to where I work, and you maybe see one picketer there occasionally.
Which brings up another reason people gent bent out of shape about abortion. Boredom. There's not much to do in a small town. If you're young, you hit the local bar (might be several towns away, which is why rural roads in hillier states have a lot of little crosses on curves. Drunk driving.) There's the county fair. Usually some regional festival once a year, like Box Elder Bug Days. High school sports. And, of course, church.
I'm guessing those picketers came right out of church and headed to the clinic. It was mostly women, since this was around 1:00 and men had football to watch (Vikings game, dontcha know by gosh.) If you don't care for football, picketing a clinic gives you something to do. It's a social opportunity. It also makes you feel like you're standing up for something noble.
And it validates your life. Maybe you didn't want to be stuck in a small town getting less money every year for that corn crop you sell to a big ag company. Maybe you did want that and it turned out boring as hell. If you can say to yourself, "well, at least I never had an abortion" (or had gay sex, or took drugs besides prescription painkillers) it means you are a Good, Worthwhile Person.
Everyone needs to feel like their life has some meaning, if only to another few people. It's sick and screwed-up that some give their lives meaning by terrorizing young women. But it's understandable.
It hits me every time I'm in rural America. The very things near and dear to their politics (cultural rigidity, sexual repression, curbing government regulation of business) are what drive their young people away and devastate their communities. Which makes those who remain even more sad and bored. Which leads them to double down on the attitudes killing their towns in the first place.
It's essentially not that different from a rampaging guerilla movement like ISIS, although done with politics instead of guns. But I'll bet if you stood outside of of those spooky "New Covenant"-type rural churches with a sign reading "this church preaches hate," somebody would shoot you. And be acquitted.
That…would explain it to be honest. Even in larger towns it explains it (not everyone wants to do things like go to museums or other attractions that large cities have.
And there's class issues, also Frank's phrase "cultural signifiers," at work. My dad was (and maybe still is, I don't have anything to do with him) a postal employee who spent his days off shoving dead-fetus photos in the faces of women going to birth-control clinics.
He would have eaten his own face away rather than go to a museum in Portland, where he lives. He adored museums in the far-off reaches of rural Oregon (and one of them has a substantial Rodin collection, which my dad adored.)
My dad dreaded being judged by hipsters who thought him a failure. And I get that; I feel the same way. I think a lot of conservatives are motivated by this. The whole '60s abandonment of liberal politics as a moral obligation and organizing force, instead making liberal politics into something cool people are groovy with, was a gigantic misstep. Because most people aren't cool.
Oh would we could avoid caring what other people think about us. Then it would not matter that hipsters think of us as failures. Well actually I don't care what hipsters think since they seem to be pretty annoying.
Boredom is an interesting idea. I'm sure there are a lot of elements to why we see this kind of thing. Another element is that people in close quarters have to learn that people who are different than they are are still human. There's a very interesting stat that people in low crime areas call for harsher punishments than people in high crime areas. I think we have to face the fact that people in rural areas are developmentally disabled because of their environments. Unfortunately, they have hugely more political power than urbanites.


> me your changes so I can aggregate them.
(i.e. filenames outside of UTF-8 or the MONO_EXTERNAL_ENCODINGS value).
Stdlib and related types will move into the Mono.Unix.Native namespace.
of existing members will change in the next release.
be removed in the following release.
suggestions for improvement, I would love to hear them.


text:
Q: Read and write XLSM file in PHP I want to read and write XLSM type file using PHP. I tried using PHPSpreadsheet for this but it doesn't support XLSM extension.
One possible solution could be to use EasyXLS (https://www.easyxls.com/manual/basics/import-from-xlsx-file-format.html)
// Create an instance of the class that imports XLSM files
$workbook = new COM("EasyXLS.ExcelDocument");

// Import XLSM file
$workbook->easy_LoadXLSXFile("C:\\Samples\\Excel to import.xlsm");

// Get the table of the second worksheet
$xlsSecondTable = $workbook->easy_getSheet("Second tab")->easy_getExcelTable();

// Add more data to the second sheet
$xlsSecondTable->easy_getCell_2("A1")->setValue("Data added by Tutorial37");
for ($column=0; $column<5; $column++)
{
    $xlsSecondTable->easy_getCell(1, $column)->setValue("Data " . ($column + 1));
}

// Generate the XLSM file
$workbook->easy_WriteXLSXFile("C:\Samples\Excel with macro.xlsm");

But I was unable to find any Library for this.
Does anyone have any possible solution for this or some other way for this?

A: function excel($excelfile, $sheet = false){//from stores.blade.php
    $tempfile                   = resource_path("uploads/excel.xlsm");//it just needs a place to store the XML file temporarily, this function only works in Laravel, replace with a filename
    if($sheet){//load XML file
        //$XML = file_get_contents($tempfile);
        $XML                    = simplexml_load_file($excelfile);
        $XML                    = json_decode(json_encode((array)$XML), TRUE);
        $excelfile              = pathinfo($sheet)['basename'];
        if($excelfile == "workbook.xml"){
            $RET = [];
            foreach($XML["sheets"]["sheet"] as $data){
                $RET[ $data["@attributes"]["sheetId"] ] = $data["@attributes"]["name"];
            }
            return [
                'Filename'      => $excelfile,
                'SheetName'     => "sys_workbook",
                'SheetData'     => $RET,
            ];
        } else if($excelfile == "sharedStrings.xml"){
            foreach($XML["si"] as $index => $value){
                if(isset($value["t"])){
                    $value      = $value["t"];
                } else {
                    foreach($value["r"] as $index2 => $value2){
                        if(is_array($value2["t"])){
                            $value2["t"] = $value2["t"][0];
                        }
                        $value["r"][$index2] = $value2["t"];
                    }
                    $value = implode("", $value["r"]);
                }
                if(is_array($value)){
                    $value = $value[0];
                }
                $XML["si"][$index] = $value;
            }
            return [
                'Filename'      => $excelfile,
                'SheetName'     => "sys_strings",
                'SheetData'     => $XML["si"],
            ];
        } else if(isset($XML["sheetPr"])){
            return [
                'Filename'          => $excelfile,
                'SheetName'         => $XML["sheetPr"]["@attributes"]["codeName"],
                'SheetData'         => $XML["sheetData"]["row"],
            ];
        }
        return false;
    } else {//load ZIPped XLSM file
        $files                  = [];
        $zip                    = new ZipArchive;
        if ($zip->open($excelfile) === TRUE) {
            for($i = 0; $i < $zip->numFiles; $i++) {
                $filename       = $zip->getNameIndex($i);
                if(startswith($filename, "xl/worksheets/") || $filename == "xl/workbook.xml" || $filename = "xl/sharedStrings.xml"){
                    copy("zip://" . $excelfile . "#" . $filename, $tempfile);
                    $XML        = excel($tempfile, $filename);
                    if($XML !== false){
                        $files[ $XML["SheetName"] ] = $XML["SheetData"];
                    }
                }
            }
            @unlink($tempfile);
            $zip->close();
        }
        var_dump($files);
        die();
    }
}

I started work on this, I got this far. The problem is, I don't know how the shared strings (sys_strings) are referenced, and you'd need an equation evaluator to handle the functions. I HOPE, the sheets are in order, so Sheet1 becomes the first array value in sys_workbook.

A: For anyone still looking for a solution to this problem, the following XLSX reader can parse XLSM without a problem. Also saves the headache in interpreting Excel timestamps and data formats. Tried and tested.
I did not test the Writer though, yet!
https://github.com/shuchkin/simplexlsx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
People Science: Theories, Methods and Tools
by Sarah Andresen | 6th April 2017	4 minute read
Article 4 in a series of 6.
People Science, like data science, is an interdisciplinary field and uses a variety of tools to extract knowledge from people data. These tools include theories from across the social sciences, math & statistics, and data systems and technologies. This abundance of tools is both a blessing and curse for people scientists. Each field of social sciences has its own measurement frameworks and theories; there are often competing theories within a field as well. Math and statistics offer innumerable permutations of quantitative methods. The data technology landscape has exploded in the last few years and continues to expand rapidly with big data, BI, and data visualization tools. With so many tools to choose from decision fatigue followed by paralysis is a risk! What tools should you consider and how do you choose?
Scientific Theories
In academia, empirical science is segmented into natural and social sciences. Natural sciences study the material universe and include life and physical sciences. Social sciences study people and societies and include sociology, economics, psychology, etc. Traditionally, HR has relied heavily on I/O psychology, for theories on people and performance, along with behavioral sciences. As HR analytics matured to talent analytics and people analytics, the theories have expanded to include natural sciences like neurosciences. HR solutions have expanded as well with assessment providers now offering brain science based assessments. Recently, criticism of the long held economic assumption of rationality has highlighted cognitive biases and the impact these have on behaviors and decisions.
Understanding cognitive biases and how they impact behaviors and decisions is critical in People Science as these can significantly impact model design. For example, in a candidate conversion analysis, a common assumption should a candidate decline your company's job offer, and takes a job elsewhere, that the candidate makes this decision for logical reasons. This assumption of the candidate's ability to rationally compare and choose between job offers in embedded in the analysis, rarely tested, and can lead to spurious conclusions. Further complications arise as people are rarely aware of cognitive biases and how they impact their behaviors and decisions. Scientific theories include associated assumptions, unfortunately, outside of academia these assumptions are often overlooked. People scientists rely on theories from so many different fields, they need to be extra diligent in identifying and testing assumptions embedded in each field and theory. When selecting a theory consider 1) the challenge or hypotheses being tested 2) model feasibility given organizational context 3) what is being assumed and the validity of those assumptions.
Math and Statistics
The formal sciences study logic and math and include statistics, game theory, and decision theory. People Science uses the formal sciences as a tool, as do most empirical sciences, in conjunction with theories to test hypotheses. How to normalize and report on HR data by transforming it into ratios, percentages, rates, or aggregated metrics is critical component of People Science. HR metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) definitions, calculations, and analysis has been the core of HR analytics and people analytics and likewise is crucial in People Science.
Statistics and probability theories are important in People Science and these theories include assumptions as well. For example, ordinary least squares (OLS), the most common method used for linear regressions, and an essential tool for people scientists, is based on a series of data assumptions. One of these assumptions-no linear dependence– assumes each of the dependent variables (or drivers) is linearly independent of each other- e.g. there is no correlation or relationship. When this assumption is invalid the variables are multicollinear and strong multicollinearity can cause substantial errors in estimation, to extent of changing a positive relationship into a negative coefficient! If variables are perfectly collinear, e.g. height in meters and height in inches, the model will not calculate and statistical software will produce an error. In People Science, data is rarely independent or normally distributed, and it is vital to know what underlying mathematical and statistical assumptions are in models and how to proceed if these are invalid. For example, the Calibrated Bayes statistical paradigm can be used with big data when random sampling assumptions are not valid. The selection of math and stats tools should be based on 1) the challenge or hypotheses 2) data characteristics and properties 3) validity of associated model assumptions.
Data Tech
The age of big data and data science has come with revolutionary new data technologies and solutions. For example, there are new ways to store data with NoSQL and NewSQL databases, unstructured data processing with Hadoop, machine learning algorithms, and much more. Unfortunately, the data tech available to people scientists is often constrained to a company's investments in existing systems. The data tech landscape includes HR specific solutions- HR tech- and everything else- non-HR tech. In people science, the core HR systems- HRMS or HRIS- is also the core of the data foundation. After the core system, additional supplementary systems should be considered and evaluated based on business need and the people strategy. The non-HR data tech landscape includes data infrastructure, applications (non-HR), and analytics solutions. While not designed specifically for HR data or people data, many can easily be applied to people data, or be sources of relevant non-HR data to include in analysis. People scientists do not need to be experts on data infrastructures and technology stacks, however, a basic understanding enables you to identify opportunities for leveraging non-HR data tech for people analytics and analysis.
People scientists need access to statistical software for advanced modeling and analytics. Some solution specific HR tech include embedded analytics, but with very limited flexibility. Excel can be used for descriptive statistics, correlations, and basic linear regressions and is a reasonable option for occasional analysis. Excel does not support larger data sets, complex models, or data manipulation and processing. Pure stats software programs, e.g. SPSS, SAS, Stata, are specifically designed for structured data analytics and heavily used in academia. SPSS is frequently used by social scientists and in business environments and is good option for less technical users with extensive help sections on statistical methodology. R Project, an open source option, is popular with many data scientists and is a good choice for technically savvy users. Learning a new stats program is time consuming and the most practical choice is often the one your people scientist knows how to use.
New HR specific analytics products are another option to consider. These products are designed specifically for HR data and include predefined metrics, analytics, and data visualization. The prebuilt models make it easier for HR teams without people scientists or strong stats backgrounds to analyze date. Unfortunately, embedded analytics also constrains flexibility and limits the range of analysis, models, and customization available. With all the new data tech available, many teams make the mistake of investing in analytics products without adding analytical skills to the team. People analytics tech adds value when the results are evaluated and interpreted by someone with a strong stats background.
The proliferation of tools for people scientists is both a blessing and a curse. It is easy for all the various options to blend together into noise or overwhelm us with choices to the point of decision fatigue. Furthermore, these decisions cannot be made in isolation as the theories, models, and data tech need to be considered in the selection of each other. Theories and models will need to be selected for each challenge or hypotheses and should be re-evaluated periodically overtime. Selection of data tech is a longer-term commitment, and it is important to consider flexible solutions that can be used on a wide variety of people data, models, and statistics both today and in the future. In today's rapidly changing business environment People Science tools need to be able to dynamic and flexible so they can change with the business, or the context.
Article 1 – From Data Science to People Science
Article 2 – People Science the Science Foundation
Article 3 – People Science: The Data
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People Science: The Context
Sarah Andresen | 19th April 2017
Context is the business's vision, values, short and long-term business strategies and goals, from which, the talent strategy or people strategy is derived- the people component of the business strategy.
People Science: The Data
Sarah Andresen | 15th March 2017
Article 3 in a series of 6. The age of big data is here. We are creating 2.5 quintillion bytes of data every day and 90% of all data today is less than two years old. Yet in this data abundant world, HR data and people data is often found wanting. For many people scientists,
People Science: The Science Foundation
Sarah Andresen | 7th March 2017
Article 2 of a series of 6 The foundation of science is the scientific method. The scientific method is a body of techniques for acquiring new knowledge and/or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is defined "a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and


A video poll of American and Soviet attitudes on East-West relations, prospects for peace, nuclear politics and related international issues. Using 100 university students each from Harvard and the University of Moscow, the program compares and contrasts U.S. and Soviet responses to a set of 20 questions, and analyzes the results with Russia expert, Marshall Goldman of Harvard.
Chicago: "Polling the US/SR," 04/09/1985, WGBH Media Library & Archives, accessed April 20, 2019, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_47BC3F74640E4BEF9C437A211A68A517.
MLA: "Polling the US/SR." 04/09/1985. WGBH Media Library & Archives. Web. April 20, 2019. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_47BC3F74640E4BEF9C437A211A68A517>.


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What a difference a couple of days can make. Think back to that first Easter. Peter was caught in despair and shame. Judas had betrayed Christ and was in a downward spiral of disgrace ending in him taking his own life. The rest of the disciples had scattered and some strangers saw something in Jesus so special that they took charge of His body along with the his mother Mary and bound him in burial clothes and placed Him in a tomb that was not his own. Then a large stone is rolled in front of it and guards are posted to be sure that Jesus followers do not whisk him away. That same day as he died on the cross Matthew 27:45 says, "At noon, darkness fell across the whole land until 3 o'clock."
Talk about a bad day! But thanks be to God that is not the end of the story. Just a few of days(3 to be exact) later Jesus rises from the dead and turns a terrible day into the most joyous event heaven and earth has ever seen.
I know at times our days can get so dark and there can seem to be no hope in sight but this same Jesus that came out of that tomb after a few days can turn your dark skies into hope in a matter of a few days. Don't give up, give in or let go of your hope. Sunday is coming!!!!
John 14:27 27 Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. Jesus is the ultimate stress reliever.


Workflow of the EpiNext™ DNA Library Preparation Kit (Illumina).
Size distribution of library fragments: human placenta DNA was sheared to 210 bps peak size and 20 ng of sheared DNA was used for DNA library preparation using the EpiNext™ DNA Library Preparation Kit (Illumina).
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Fast and streamlined procedure - The procedure from fragmented DNA to size selection is less than 2 h 30 min. Only one clean-up between each step, thereby saving time and preventing handling errors, as well as loss of valuable samples. Gel-free size selection further reduces the preparation time.
Highly Convenient - The kit contains all required components for each step of DNA library preparation, which are sufficient for end repair, dA tailing, ligation, clean-up, size selection and library amplification, thereby allowing the library preparation to be streamlined with the most reliable and consistent results.
Minimized bias - Ultra HiFi amplification and an optional PCR-free step enable the user to achieve reproducibly high yields of DNA library with minimal sequence bias and low error rates.
Flexibility - Can be used for both non-barcoded (singleplexed) and barcoded (multiplexed) DNA library preparation. Uses various dsDNA including fragmented dsDNA isolated from various tissue or cell samples, dsDNA enriched from ChIP reactions, MeDIP/hMeDIP reactions, or exon capture. Broad range of input DNA from 10 ng to 1 µg. PCR-free library preparation can be performed with use of 500 ng or more input DNA.
DNA library preparation is a critical step for next generation sequencing (NGS). To generate accurate sequencing data for NGS, the prepared library DNA should be sufficient in yield and of high quality. Also, as NGS technology is continuously improving, DNA library preparation is required to be optimized accordingly. Most of the currently used methods are unfortunately time-consuming, expensive, and inconvenient. Some of the methods are relatively quick by combining end repair and dA tailing or even ligation in one-step, but have been shown to generate significant G tailing or form concatmers at the ligation step or have high insertion bias. These side reactions eventually result in the prepared DNA library being less efficient and inaccurate. An ideal DNA library preparation method should be balanced in speed, convenience, small sample-suitability, cost-effectiveness, and accuracy. To address this issue, Epigentek offers the EpiNext DNA Library Preparation Kit.
This kit incluldes all reagents required at each step to carry out a successful DNA library preparation. In the library preparation, DNA is first fragmented to the appropriate size (about 300 bp peak size). The end repair of the DNA fragments is performed and an A-overhang is added at the 3'-end of each strand. Adaptors are then ligated to both ends of the end repaired/dA tailed DNA fragments for amplification and sequencing. Fragments are then size selected and purified with MQ beads, which allows for quick and precise size selection of DNA. Size-selected DNA fragments are then amplified with a high-fidelity PCR Mix which ensures maximum yields from minimum amounts of starting material and provides highly accurate amplification of library DNA with low error rates and minimum bias.
Starting materials can include fragmented dsDNA isolated from various tissue or cell samples, dsDNA enriched from ChIP reactions, MeDIP/hMeDIP reaction, or exon capture. DNA should be relatively free of RNA since large fractions of RNA will impair end repair and dA tailing, resulting in reduced ligation capabilities. Input amount of DNA can be from 5 ng to 1 µg. For optimal preparation, the input amount should be 100 ng to 200 ng. For amplification-free, 500 ng or more is needed.


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David Schilling accused of brandishing gun, Chevy Schilling accused of trying to hide gun.
A father and son involved in an alleged gun crime made their initial court appearance Tuesday.
David Albert Schilling, 45, and Chevy Lee Schilling, 18, were arrested after an incident on Monday morning. Court testimony given by a public defender at the jail during bond reduction arguments confirmed David Schilling is Chevy Schilling's father.
David Schilling is charged with two counts of assault with a weapon, a felony, for allegedly pointing a gun at two people, along with misdemeanor assault and conspiracy to tamper with physical evidence, a felony. Chevy Schilling is also charged with conspiracy to tamper with physical evidence and misdemeanor drug possession.
Bail was set at $50,000 for David Schilling and $5,000 for Chevy.
According to court documents, David Schilling punched a man in the face after pointing a gun at the man and his girlfriend during an altercation in a garage. The police report says officers responded to an assault call at the 1600 block of 13th Avenue South and saw two males running from the home and attempting to flee in a pickup truck.
Charging documents say one of the males was Chevy Schilling, who gave officers permission to search the vehicle.
The report says investigators found marijuana, which Schilling said he'd recently smoked.
The documents also say both David and Chevy Schilling admitted to officers that they made plans for Chevy Schilling to remove the gun from the home and leave the scene before the police arrived. Officers found a handgun matching the description of the weapon used given by the two witnesses, documents say.


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02. Combination of Internal Links: The best-valued and easiest plan for SEO is combination of internal links to the website. Make sure that all the links you have created are appropriate and working as they should be. In addition, you have to use the anchor text very responsive to Search Engines.


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