text:
Emma Smith Oil on canvas, David Rogers, 1842. (Courtesy Community of Christ Library-Archives, Independence, MO.)
Hale, Emma
Bidamon, Emma Hale
JS History, 1834–1836, 9.
JS History, 1834–1836 / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1834–1836. In Joseph Smith et al., History, 1838–1856, vol. A-1, back of book (earliest numbering), 9–20, 46–187. Historian's Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, box 1, vol. 1.
–30 Apr. 1879.
"Editorial Items," Saints' Herald, 15 May 1879, 152.
Saints' Herald. Independence, MO. 1860–.
Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier.
Minute Book 1, 14 Sept. 1835; Joseph Smith III, "Last Testimony of Sister Emma," Saints' Herald, 1 Oct. 1879, 289; "Hale, Emma," in Black, Membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848, 19:846; Newell and Avery, Mormon Enigma, 57; Cook, Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith, 37.
Minute Book 1 / "Conference A," 1832–1837. CHL. Also available at josephsmithpapers.org.
Black, Susan Easton, comp. Membership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848. 50 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Department of Church History and Doctrine, Brigham Young University, 1989. Also available as "Membership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848," LDS Family History Suite: LDS Vital Records Library, CD-ROM ([Provo], UT: Infobases, Inc., 1996).
Newell, Linda King and Valeen Tippetts Avery. Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith, Prophet's Wife, "Elect Lady," Polygamy's Foe, 1804–1879. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1984.
Cook, Lyndon W. The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1985.
Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania.
Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis.
JS History, ca. Summer 1832, 5; Obituary for Emma Bidamon, Saints' Herald, 1 June 1879, 171; Cook, Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith, 37.
Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland).
Youngreen, Reflections of Emma, 5.
Youngree, Buddy. Reflections of Emma: Joseph Smith's Wife. Provo, UT: Maasai, Inc., 2001.
Married first to JS by Zechariah Tarble, 18 Jan. 1827, at South Bainbridge (later Afton), Chenango Co., New York.
JS Family Bible; Joseph Smith III, "Last Testimony of Sister Emma," Saints' Herald, 1 Oct. 1879, 289.
JS Family Bible / Joseph Smith Family Bible, ca. 1831–1866. Private possession. Copy of genealogical information in Joseph Smith Sr. Family Reunions Files, 1972–2003. CHL.
Assisted JS as scribe during translation of Book of Mormon at Harmony, 1828, and joined him during completion of translation at Peter Whitmer Sr. farm, Fayette, Seneca Co., New York, summer 1829.
Joseph Smith III, "Last Testimony of Sister Emma," Saints' Herald, 1 Oct. 1879, 289; Newell and Avery, Mormon Enigma, 29–30.
Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Oliver Cowdery, 28 June 1830, at Colesville, Broome Co., New York.
Joseph Smith III, "Last Testimony of Sister Emma," Saints' Herald, 1 Oct. 1879, 289; History, ca. 1841, draft [Draft 3],74; Black, Who's Who in the Doctrine and Covenants, 274.
JS History, ca. 1841 / Smith, Joseph. History, ca. 1841. Draft. CHL.
Black, Susan Easton. Who's Who in the Doctrine and Covenants. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1997.
Migrated from New York to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, Jan.–Feb. 1831.
JS History, vol. A-1, 8; Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1844–1845, bk. 10, [8].
JS History / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1838–1856. Vols. A-1–F-1 (original), A-2–E-2 (fair copy). Historian's Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, boxes 1–7. The history for the period after 5 Aug. 1838 was composed after the death of Joseph Smith.
Smith, Lucy Mack. History, 1844–1845. 18 books. CHL. MS 2049. Also available at josephsmithpapers.org.
Lived at John Johnson home at Hiram, Portage Co., Ohio, 1831–1832.
JS History, vol. A-1, 153, 204, 209.
Edited A Collection of Sacred Hymns, for the Church of the Latter Day Saints, published 1835, at Kirtland.
Minute Book 1, 14 Sept. 1835; Collection of Sacred Hymns [1835].
A Collection of Sacred Hymns, for the Church of the Latter Day Saints. Edited by Emma Smith. Kirtland, OH: F. G. Williams, 1835.
Stockholder in Kirtland Safety Society.
Kirtland Safety Society Stock Ledger, Chicago Historical Society.
Kirtland Safety Society Stock Ledger. Chicago Historical Society, Papers, 1836–1886. Copy at CHL. MS 8136.
Fled Ohio for Far West, Caldwell Co., Missouri, Jan.–Mar. 1838.
Exiled from Missouri, Feb. 1839; located near Quincy, Adams Co., Illinois.
Obituary for Emma Bidamon, Saints' Herald, 1 June 1879, 171; Woodruff, Journal, 16 Apr. 1838.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Moved to Commerce (later Nauvoo), Hancock Co., Illinois, 10 May 1839.
Mary Audentia Smith Anderson, "The Memoirs of President Joseph Smith (1832–1914)," Saints' Herald, 13 Nov. 1934, 1453.
Appointed president of Female Relief Society of Nauvoo, 17 Mar. 1842.
Relief Society Minute Book, 17 Mar. 1842.
Relief Society Minute Book / "A Book of Records Containing the Proceedings of the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo," Mar. 1842–Mar. 1844. CHL. Also available at josephsmithpapers.org.
Husband murdered, 27 June 1844.
Richards, Journal, 27 June 1844.
Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.
Fled to Fulton, Fulton Co., Illinois, Sept. 1846–Feb. 1847, then returned to Nauvoo.
Obituary for Emma Bidamon, Saints' Herald, 1 June 1879, 170.
Married second Lewis Crum Bidamon, 23 Dec. 1847, at Nauvoo.
Hancock Co., IL, Marriage Register, 1829–1915, vol. A-1, p. 105, microfilm 954,177, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
Affiliated with Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1860.
Obituary for Emma Bidamon, Saints' Herald, 1 June 1879, 171; History of the Reorganized Church, 3: 250.
The History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 8 vols. Independence, MO: Herald Publishing House, 1896–1976.
Died at Nauvoo.
History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834]
History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842]
Book of Mormon Manuscript Excerpt, circa June 1829 [1 Nephi 2:2b–3:18a]
John Whitmer, History, 1831–circa 1847
Elders' Journal, November 1837
Times and Seasons, 1 April 1842
Times and Seasons, 1 August 1842
Times and Seasons, 1 June 1842
Times and Seasons, 1 October 1842
Times and Seasons, 15 April 1842
Times and Seasons, 15 August 1842
Times and Seasons, 15 June 1842
Times and Seasons, 16 May 1842
Times and Seasons , 2 May 1842
Agreement with Amos Rees and Alexander Doniphan, 28 November 1838
Agreement with Ebenezer Wiggins, 15 May 1841
Agreement with Isaac Hale, 6 April 1829
Appendix 1: Agreement of Josiah Stowell and Others, 1 November 1825
Appendix 2: Copies of Book of Mormon Characters, Introduction
Appendix 3: Willard Richards, Journal Excerpt, 23–27 June 1844
Appendix 4: William Clayton, Daily Account of Joseph Smith's Activities, 14–22 June 1844
Appendix 5: Testimony of Eight Witnesses, Late June 1829
Appendix: Orson Pratt, A[n] Interesting Account of Several Remarkable Visions, 1840
Articles and Covenants, circa April 1830 [D&C 20]
Blessing from Joseph Smith Sr., 9 December 1834
Bond to Abraham Stevens, 6 October 1841
Book of Abraham Manuscript, circa July–circa November 1835–C [Abraham 1:1–2:18]
Book of Commandments, 1833
Collection of Sacred Hymns, 1835
Council of Fifty, Minutes, March 1844–January 1846; Volume 1, 10 March 1844–1 March 1845
Council of Fifty, Minutes, March 1844–January 1846; Volume 2, 1 March–6 May 1845
Council of Fifty, Minutes, March 1844–January 1846; Volume 3, 6 May 1845–13 January 1846
Deed to Daniel Davis, 8 December 1840
Deed from Isaac and Elizabeth Hale, 25 August 1830
Deed to Aaron Johnson, 30 December 1841
Deed to Angelina Works Robinson, 28 February 1842
Deed to Artemus Millet, 15 October 1836
Deed to Arthur Millikin, 11 December 1841
Deed to Asa Smith, 15 July 1841
Deed to Brigham Truman Young, 1 November 1841
Deed to Caroline Grant Smith, 11 December 1836
Deed to Caroline Louisa and Mary Jane Smith, 1 January 1842
Deed to Charity Stoddard, 1 February 1842
Deed to David Elliott, 26 September 1836
Deed to Ebenezer Robinson, 11 December 1841
Deed to Ebenezer Robinson, 2 February 1842
Deed to Edward Hunter, 18 September 1841
Deed to Edward Sayers, 19 May 1841
Deed to Elijah Malin, 12 July 1841
Deed to Elmira Miller, 15 February 1842
Deed to Emma Hale Smith, 13 June 1842
Deed to Emma Smith and Others, 12 July 1843
Deed to Ephraim Potter, 30 March 1842
Deed to Ezra Chase, 14 January 1842
Deed to George Beebe, 17 October 1837
Deed to George W. Robinson, 5 August 1841
Deed to George W. and Almira Bosley, 26 January 1844
Deed to Henry Miller, 6 September 1841
Deed to Hiram Clark, 10 March 1842
Deed to Hyrum Smith, 12 July 1843, Draft
Deed to Isaac Bishop, 20 January 1837
Deed to Isaac Blood, 2 November 1843
Deed to Jacob Bump, 15 October 1836
Deed to Jacob Weiler, 12 July 1841
Deed to Jacob Zundel, 2 February 1842
Deed to James Allred, 14 July 1841
Deed to James Moses, 20 October 1841
Deed to Jared Carter, 15 October 1836
Deed to Joseph B. Noble, 15 July 1841
Deed to Joseph McKune Jr., 28 June 1833
Deed to Joseph Wilder, 2 April 1841
Deed to Julia M. Smith and Others, 17 March 1842
Deed to Julia M. Smith and Others, 21 December 1841
Deed to Levi W. Hancock, 7 January 1842
Deed to Loren Babbit, 24 September 1836
Deed to Lovina Smith and Others, 11 December 1841
Deed to Malatiah and Daniel Luce, 1 November 1841
Deed to Martha Knight, 2 February 1842
Deed to Martha McBride Knight, 6 September 1841
Deed to Martha Raymond Parrish, 8 December 1836
Deed to Mary Ann Bosley, 26 January 1844
Deed to Mary Ann and George C. Bosley, 26 January 1844
Deed to Perregrine Sessions, 10 September 1840
Deed to Philinda Merrick, 24 March 1842
Deed to Polly Sherwood, 5 November 1841
Deed to Robert Peirce, 28 February 1842
Deed to Robert Peirce, 29 May 1841
Deed to Sally Waterman Phelps, 16 November 1843
Deed to Samuel H. B. Smith, 19 April 1841
Deed to Samuel Whitney Sr., 10 April 1837
Deed to Shadrach Roundy, 10 March 1842
Deed to Simeon Dunn, 6 August 1841
Deed to Smith Tuttle, John Gillet, and Horace Hotchkiss, 7 July 1843
Deed to Stephen Markham, 10 March 1842
Deed to Sylvia Sessions Lyon, 10 September 1840
Deed to William Barker, 29 October 1836
Deed to William C. Wightman, 15 December 1841
Deed to William Felshaw, 30 June 1836
Deed to William Gheen, 18 September 1841
Deed to William Law, 24 January 1842
Deed to William Marks, 1 April 1842–A
Deed to William Marks, 1 April 1842–B
Deed to William Marks, 10 April 1837–A
Deed to William Marks, 10 April 1837–B
Deed to William Marks, 10 April 1837–D
Deed to William Marks, 10 April 1837–E
Deed to William Marks, 5 November 1841
Deed to William Marks, 7 April 1837
Deed to William Symons, 24 March 1842
Deed to Wilson Law, 1 February 1842
Deed to Wilson Law, 24 January 1842
Deed, JS and Emma Hale Smith to JS Trustee in Trust, 5 October 1841
Discourse, 30 June 1843, as Reported by Wilford Woodruff
Discourse, 30 June 1843, as Reported by Willard Richards
Docket Entry, Sheriff's Return, between 9 November 1842 and circa 27 March 1843 [ Bump Administrator of the Estate of Stannard v. Young and JS ]
Docket Entry, circa 24 May 1842 [ State of Illinois v. Higbee ]
Doctrine and Covenants, 1835
History, 1834–1836
History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838]
History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 Addenda
History, 1838–1856, volume D-1 [1 August 1842–1 July 1843]
History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844]
History, 1838–1856, volume F-1 [1 May 1844–8 August 1844]
History, circa Summer 1832
History, circa 1841, draft [Draft 3]
History, circa 1841, fair copy
History, circa June 1839–circa 1841 [Draft 2]
History, circa June–October 1839 [Draft 1]
Indenture from Warren A. Cowdery, 23 November 1836
Introduction to Boynton and Hyde v. JS
Introduction to George H. Noble & Co. v. JS
Introduction to L. Holmes and C. Holmes v. JS and Cahoon
Introduction to Rounds qui tam v. JS
Introduction to Scribner v. Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery
Invitation from James M. Burt and Others, circa 22 February 1844
Invitation to Nauvoo Legion Officers and Wives, 28 April 1842
Invitation to Wilson and Elizabeth Sikes Law, 11 January 1843
Journal, 1832–1834
Journal, 1839
Journal, December 1842–June 1844; Book 1, 21 December 1842–10 March 1843
Journal, December 1841–December 1842
Journal, December 1842–June 1844; Book 3, 15 July 1843–29 February 1844
Journal, December 1842–June 1844; Book 4, 1 March–22 June 1844
Journal, March–September 1838
Lease to David S. Hollister, 2 December 1843
Lease to Ebenezer Robinson, 23 January 1844
Letter from James Arlington Bennet, 24 October 1843
Letter from Aldrich & Chittenden, 28 July 1842
Letter from Alfred Cordon, 17 February 1842
Letter from Brigham Young, 7 May 1840
Letter from Caroline Youngs Adams, circa 15 January 1843
Letter from David S. Hollister, 9 May 1844
Letter from David Thomas, 31 March 1838
Letter from Don Carlos Smith and William Smith, 6 March 1839
Letter from Edward Partridge, 5 March 1839
Letter from Elias Higbee, 16 April 1839
Letter from Emma Smith, 16 August 1842
Letter from Emma Smith, 25 April 1837
Letter from Emma Smith, 3 May 1837
Letter from Emma Smith, 6 December 1839
Letter from Emma Smith, 7 March 1839
Letter from George J. Adams, 23 February 1843
Letter from Hannah and James M. Adams, 10 March 1843
Letter from Hiram Clark and Others, 21 October 1842
Letter from Jacob Scott, 14 December 1841
Letter from James Arlington Bennet, 1 September 1842
Letter from James Arlington Bennet, 16 August 1842
Letter from James Arlington Bennet, 20 February 1843
Letter from John E. Page, 24 April 1843
Letter from John P. Greene, 18 March 1843
Letter from John W. Latson, 7 January 1842
Letter from Joseph L. Heywood, 23 October 1843
Letter from Joseph L. Heywood, 7 February 1844
Letter from Lorenzo D. Wasson, 30 July 1842
Letter from Mason Brayman, 29 July 1843
Letter from Nathan B. Haswell, circa 29 January 1844
Letter from Newel K. Whitney, 20 April 1837
Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 28 December 1829
Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 6 November 1829
Letter from Orson Hyde, 17 April 1841
Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 22 November 1839
Letter from Reuben McBride, 3 January 1842
Letter from Unknown Author, 6 May 1844
Letter from William Pratt, 30 April 1844
Letter from William Smith, 28 October 1843
Letter from William Smith, 5 August 1841
Letter of Introduction from Matthew Pine for Harrison Kimball, 4 May 1844
Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson County, Missouri, 25 June 1833
Letter to Edward Partridge and the Church, circa 22 March 1839
Letter to Emma Smith, 13 October 1832
Letter to Emma Smith, 18 May 1834
Letter to Emma Smith, 6 June 1832
Letter to Emma Smith and the Relief Society, 31 March 1842
Letter to Emma Smith, 1 December 1838
Letter to Emma Smith, 12 November 1838
Letter to Emma Smith, 16 August 1842
Letter to Emma Smith, 21 March 1839
Letter to Emma Smith, 23 June 1844
Letter to Emma Smith, 4 April 1839
Letter to Emma Smith, 4 November 1838
Letter to Hyrum Smith, 3–4 March 1831
Letter to Isaac Galland, 22 March 1839
Letter to James Arlington Bennet, 17 March 1843
Letter to John and Sarah Kingsley Cleveland, 24 May 1839
Letter to Joseph L. Heywood, 13 February 1844
Letter to Newel K., Elizabeth Ann, and Sarah Ann Whitney, 18 August 1842
Letter to Noah C. Saxton, 4 January 1833
Letter to Silas Smith, 26 September 1833
Letter to Thomas Carlin, 30 July 1842
Letter to Vienna Jaques, 4 September 1833
Letter to William Smith, circa 18 December 1835
Letter to William W. Phelps, 31 July 1832
Letter to the Church and Edward Partridge, 20 March 1839
Letter, Edmund Brown to "Sir," 5 April 1844
Letterbook 1
List of Property, circa 12 July 1843
Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1844–1845
Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1845
Map of Kirtland City, between circa 6 April and 18 May 1837
Minute Book 1
Minutes and Discourse, 26 May 1842
Minutes and Discourse, 31 August 1842
Minutes and Discourses, 17 March 1842
Minutes and Discourses, 6–8 April 1840
Minutes and Prayer of Dedication, 27 March 1836 [D&C 109]
Minutes, 12 February 1834
Minutes, 14 September 1835
Minutes, 2 January 1836
Minutes, 22 November 1835
Minutes, 27 May 1843
Minutes, 30 April 1832
Minutes, 9 November 1831
Mortgage to Alpheus Russell, 10 October 1836
Mortgage to Peter French, 5 October 1836
Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, February 1844–January 1845
Nauvoo Relief Society Minute Book
New Testament Revision 1
Note from Newel K. Whitney, 9 January 1836
Notes Receivable from Rigdon, Smith & Co., 22 May 1837
Old Testament Revision 1
Orson Hyde, Ein Ruf aus der Wüste, 1842, extract
Orson Hyde, Ein Ruf aus der Wüste (A Cry out of the Wilderness), 1842, extract, English translation
Pay Order to City Treasurer for Stephen Mecham, 27 November 1843
Pay Order to William Clayton for Mary Little, 15 October 1843
Plan of the House of the Lord in Kirtland, Ohio (Fragments), circa June 1833
Poem from Eliza R. Snow, before 20 August 1842
Power of Attorney to Hyrum Smith, 5 September 1837
Prayer of Dedication, 27 March 1836 [D&C 109]
Preface to Book of Mormon, circa August 1829
Promissory Note to Jonathan Burgess, 17 August 1836
Reflections and Blessings, 16 and 23 August 1842
Revelation Book 1
Revelation, 27 February 1833 [D&C 89]
Revelation, September 1830–B [D&C 28]
Revelation, 11 September 1831 [D&C 64]
Revelation, 12 January 1838–A
Revelation, 12 July 1843 [D&C 132]
Revelation, 22 June 1834 [D&C 105]
Revelation, 29 August 1832 [D&C 99]
Revelation, 30 December 1830 [D&C 37]
Revelation, 4 February 1831 [D&C 41]
Revelation, 6 August 1836 [D&C 111]
Revelation, 8 November 1835
Revelation, February 1829 [D&C 4]
Revelation, February 1831–B [D&C 44]
Revelation, July 1830–C [D&C 25]
Revelation, July 1828 [D&C 3]
Revelation, July 1830–A [D&C 24]
Revelation, June 1829–E [D&C 17]
Revelation, March 1829 [D&C 5]
Revelation, May 1829–A [D&C 11]
Revelation, May 1829–B [D&C 12]
Revelation, Spring 1829 [D&C 10]
Revelation, circa 8 March 1831–B [D&C 47]
Summons, 25 October 1837 [ L. Holmes and C. Holmes v. JS and Cahoon ]
Transcript of Proceedings, circa 3 April 1838 [ Boynton and Hyde v. JS ]
Transcript of Proceedings, circa 3 April 1838 [ L. Holmes and C. Holmes v. JS and Cahoon ]
Travel Account and Questions, November 1837
Visions of Moses, June 1830 [Moses 1]
Warrant, 24 May 1842 [ State of Illinois v. Higbee ]
"Church History," 1 March 1842
"Extract, from the Private Journal of Joseph Smith Jr.," July 1839


text:
filmAll Sections
Ultraviolence: the shocking, brutal film about deaths in police custody
Monday, 12 Oct 2020
# Activism
# Documentary films
# Festivals
# Jean Charles de Menezes
# London film festival
# Police
# Protest
# Race
# Social exclusion
# UK criminal justice
# War crimes
Two decades ago the police tried to silence Ken Fero's fearless documentary Injustice. Twenty years later, his follow-up is filled with even more pain and outrage
It has taken 19 years for Ken Fero to complete the follow-up to Injustice, his unforgettable film about deaths in police custody. But perhaps the surprising thing is that he finished it at all. Injustice is the great documentary about brutality in the police – a shocking exposé of deaths resulting from beatings, shootings, teargassing, asphyxiation and neglect. The film, co-directed by Tariq Mehmood, won numerous awards, yet was never shown on television and as good as destroyed Fero's career. As he says today, no broadcaster would touch him after Injustice.
Yet Fero is now back with Ultraviolence, another collaboration with Mehmood and their film-making collective Migrant Media. Like Injustice, it does far more than document deaths in custody. It follows the families who have lost loved ones on their heroic, if thwarted, fights for justice. We witness the horror of their loss, see them build up hopes of justice, and gradually see that hope pricked. Nearly all the victims are people of colour – a reminder that Britain has been every bit as contaminated by police brutality over the decades as the US.
Grief … the wife of Shiji Lapite, in Injustice. Photograph: Migrant Media
Injustice started with the death of a Nigerian asylum-seeker, Shiji Lapite, in 1994. Lapite, 34, died in a police van shortly after being detained by two plainclothes Metropolitan police officers who claimed he had been acting suspiciously. At his inquest, PC Paul Wright described holding him in a headlock while PC Andrew McCallum admitted he had stood up and twice kicked Lapite in the head, "as hard as I could", claiming he was using reasonable force to subdue a violent prisoner. One of the officers described Lapite as "the biggest, strongest, most violent black man" he had ever seen. Lapite was 5ft 10in. The cause of death was given as asphyxia from compression of the neck, consistent with the application of a neck hold, and the jury concluded that Lapite had been unlawfully killed. No criminal charges were brought against the officers.
In May 1995, Brian Douglas, 33, died after being hit with a police baton by PC Mark Tuffey. He had been stopped in his car for alleged bad driving in Clapham, London. At the inquest, PC Tuffey claimed he had hit Douglas on the shoulder and the baton slid up. Several witnesses claim they saw the officer raise his arm and bring the baton down on Douglas's head. Medical experts testified that the impact was the equivalent of falling 11 times his own height on his head. The inquest jury delivered a verdict of death by misadventure.
Watch the documentary Injustice here
And on the film goes – the inglorious roll call of lives taken by the police. Joy Gardner, a 40-year-old Jamaican mature student who died after having her face wrapped in 13 feet of adhesive tape to gag her; a Gambian asylum seeker, Ibrahima Sey, sprayed repeatedly with teargas and held face down for 15 minutes; Roger Sylvester, 30, who was mentally ill, dying after being restrained on the floor of a padded room by six officers; Harry Stanley, 46, a Scottish painter and decorator shot after being mistaken for a terrorist carrying "a gun wrapped in a bag" which was, in fact, a table leg; Christopher Alder, 37, choked to death while handcuffed and lying face down on the floor of a police station in Hull, as officers laughed, made monkey noises and accused him of acting up. All but Gardner's death resulted in inquest verdicts of unlawful killing, though Sylvester's and Stanley's were later overturned. None led to criminal convictions of police officers. (In the cases of Gardner and Alder, officers were tried and acquitted.)
As the time gets longer it's any justice. It can be legal justice or street justice. I don't really care any more
Brenda Weinberg
The litany of deaths is horrifying. But what gives the film its power is its humanity. We learn so much about the victims and their families. Ibrahima Sey had hoped to study law, and his wife, Amie, had given birth to their baby six weeks before he died. Brian Douglas's sister, Brenda Weinberg, laughs as she describes how her handsome, popular brother would commandeer the family bathroom before a night out. Joy Gardner, portrayed by the police as feral, was a vibrant mother of two.
We see families united in grief, discovering reserves they never knew they had. Gardner's mother, Myrna Simpson, says: "I'm still fighting. I've been to universities and given talks. I couldn't talk before. I was a very shy person." We see people radicalised by an establishment determined to deny them justice. The siblings of Brian Douglas describe how they formed a protective line between demonstrators and the police to prevent a riot, and later on regretted it. At the end of Injustice, Weinberg says she will not be able to grieve until she has achieved justice for him: "As the time gets longer it's any justice. It can be legal justice or street justice. I don't really care any more."
The afterlife of Injustice was every bit as dramatic as the film. As family members accused officers of murder, the Police Federation threatened to sue anybody who showed the film. The TV networks were terrified of the consequences. Channel 4, which had shown earlier work by Migrant Media (including Justice Denied, a film about Gardner) were scared off by libel lawyers. Fero, who grew up in Malta and is 59, says he and his colleagues received anonymous phone calls. "They said we should take care, check our cars in the morning, make sure our kids don't go to school. We had all these veiled threats."
After Fero was threatened with legal action by the Police Federation, he threatened to sue the officers for loss of earnings. He says he never heard from them again. The film went on a successful three-year tour, and they were never sued for libel.
United … Ken Fero on a families march with Janet Alder, whose brother Christopher died in a Hull police station in 1998. Photograph: Mark Kerrison/Alamy Stock Photo
The more it was screened, the greater became its impact. Even the mainstream media started to talk about deaths in police custody. Yet Fero also realised that while more people might be aware of the number of deaths in police custody – 1,000 between 1969 and 1999 (with only one successful prosecution for manslaughter) – none of his families had achieved criminal convictions. In fact, things seemed to be sliding. In 2004, narrative verdicts were introduced at inquests, recording the factual circumstances and replacing the standard short verdicts. This meant that juries were less likely to be asked to consider a verdict of unlawful killing, which in turn meant deaths in police custody were even less likely to result in criminal prosecutions (juries were told that they could only rule unlawful killing if they believed the bar for at least manslaughter had been reached).
A man is shot in his head and yet their conclusion is that no one is accountable?
As for the film-makers at Migrant Media, Fero claims they were effectively blacklisted. "We found it impossible to get work after making that film," he says. "Financially it wiped us out." But the company wasn't destroyed. "And after 19 years I think they're going to be surprised that we've come back in this way." He smiles. Fero – cerebral, serious-minded, intense – doesn't smile lightly.
Ultraviolence continues where Injustice left off. The film focuses on two later deaths. Jean Charles de Menezes, 27, a Brazilian, was shot in the head seven times by the Metropolitan police at Stockwell tube station, south London, in 2005 after being mistaken for one of four men who had tried to carry out suicide bombings on the city's transport system the day before. Paul Coker, 32, died a month later at Plumstead police station in south-east London after being restrained by the police.
A trailer for Ultraviolence
The footage of the Menezes family is heartbreaking – they tell public meetings that Jean Charles was executed, that the police did not give the electrician a chance to say a word before shooting him. His cousin, Vivian Figueiredo, asks for unity because "unity will give us the strength to win." But, of course, they don't win. An Independent Police Complaints Commission report concluded that the then commissioner, Ian Blair, was not well served by his staff, that his private office had failed to keep him informed, but does not uphold allegations of a cover-up against him. No police officer is charged. Figueiredo is left bewildered: "A man is shot in his head and yet their conclusion is no one is accountable?"
Perhaps the most disturbing footage in Ultraviolence is CCTV footage from the police station where Coker died in 2005. After serving a year in prison for burglary, Coker had a new job, a new flat and was looking to make a new start when he was arrested for a breach of the peace at his girlfriend Lucy Chadwick's flat. She called the police when he became "a bit paranoid" after taking cannabis and cocaine. She told the inquest she heard him tell the police: "You are hurting me, I can't breathe, you are killing me."
When the police brought him down the stairs, she said, he was making no noise, his face was lolling to one side and he was being carried by his hands and feet. In the police custody suite, we hear officers talk excitedly about the restraint: "He is high as a kite, high on crack." "He was an evil fucker." "He has already assaulted four officers … it's amazing the strength of the fucker to try and do that." It's hard to reconcile this Coker with the one his mother talks about – no angel, she says, but a funny, compassionate, thoughtful son who loved to write poetry.
We saw Tuffey stand in the dock and found guilty. It did feel good to know he would no longer be a serving officer
We see him lying on the floor in a police cell in his boxers, one leg twitching. Then he stops moving and is left for 15 minutes before being pronounced dead. In 2010, the inquest heard that shortly after Coker was pronounced dead, an officer in the custody suite was heard on CCTV saying: "You have to get one death in custody under your belt." The inquest jury concludes he died of cocaine intoxication, and that poor police communication and training had contributed to his death. No officers were charged.
Since the deaths of Menezes and Coker, there have been a number of high-profile deaths in police custody of men of colour – Mark Duggan (2011) and Jermaine Baker (2015) were shot by the Metropolitan police, and Trevor Smith was shot by West Midlands police last year. Leon Briggs died after being restrained by Luton police in 2013, Sheku Bayoh died after being restrained by police in Scotland in 2015, Rashan Charles (2017) and Kevin Clarke (2018) died after being restrained by the Met.
No police officers involved in these deaths were prosecuted. (In the case of Baker, though, last week the Court of Appeal ruled that the firearms officer – known only as W80 – could face misconduct proceedings after an earlier decision to bring disciplinary proceedings had been quashed by the High Court last year.) The inquest into Clarke's death, which concluded last Friday, heard that he told officers "I can't breathe ... I'm going to die." In its narrative verdict, the jury found that the way the police had restrained Clarke, a paranoid schizophrenic, "probably more than minimally" contributed to his death.
There is one small but significant fist-pump moment in Ultraviolence. In 2006, 11 years to the day after his involvement in Brian Douglas's death, Mark Tuffey was in court facing a criminal charge. He had been reported by fellow officers after chasing a black man, kicking him and calling him a "dirty black cunt". Tuffey was convicted of racially aggravated behaviour and ordered to pay a £400 fine and £400 costs.
"We saw him stand in the dock and found guilty. It did feel good to know he would no longer be a serving officer as he had continued to be since Brian's death," says Douglas's sister Brenda Weinberg. "I walked away from court that day not necessarily feeling victorious but that a little piece of justice had been done."
While we see the same brutality in Ultraviolence as we did in Injustice, it is a very different film – more personal essay than pure documentary. After Injustice, Fero found himself teaching students how to make activist films at Coventry university and telling them about the great revolutionary film-makers. Ultraviolence feels like a homage to his heroes. There are nods to Jean-Luc Godard (Fero refuses to conform to a linear narrative – the film is as much about the brutality of the Iraq war as the brutality of the police) and Chris Marker (it opens with his statement "Rarely has reality needed so much to be imagined.").
Injustice and Ultraviolence are full of trauma but they are also full of resistance
Fero pays tribute to James Baldwin ( as the narrator he addresses the film to his son, just as Baldwin's The Fire Next Time is addressed to his nephew). He references Susan Sontag, telling us to think about what has been left out of the image as much about as what we can see. We are shown the infamous still from Vietnam of the naked, melting child running after being hit with napalm, and Fero segues to the second battle of Fallujah in 2004, and the allegation that Iraqi children were burned with white phosphorus. At times he throws the kitchen sink into Ultraviolence. The film is didactic (a call to action, a plea to his son's generation to resist authority), discordant (migraine-inducing sound effects) and determined to disrupt its own narrative. It is proudly, cussedly uncontainable. Ultraviolence feels both old-fashioned – it could have been made in the 1960s – and surprisingly contemporary.
Shot … the memorial to Brazilian Jean Charles de Menezes in Stockwell. Photograph: Stephen Kelly/PA
For years, Fero says, he didn't have a clue what to do with his material. He didn't know who would want to watch a film like this. The world was vapid, depoliticised, uniform. Now he says he sees it changing by the day. "It would be impossible, six or seven years ago, to think that issues of class, race and gender would be central to the political debate in this country. In the UK, race was only used as an issue to divide people. But as a powerful force of unity, as something that white kids could get into as well, it just didn't exist and now it does. So when you see thousands and thousands of young people marching because of the environment or marching because of racism or marching because of gender, that fills me with hope." He offers another rare smile. "You'd have to be a cold-hearted bastard not to be filled with hope."
His smile widens. "I can see in the eyes of these young people that they really have had enough. They're hungry for something. Some answer, that makes sense of this mess that this government and other governments have got us in. And anything that makes them think about their position, makes them think about fighting back, makes them knowledgeable about the history of resistance and how people can say fuck off to governments can only help."
Fero may not seem a natural optimist, but he insists he is. Why would he make these films otherwise, he asks. I give him a look. Really? Surely, Injustice and Ultraviolence are two of the bleakest films ever made. Yes, he says, the subject may be bleak, but its protagonists are beacons of hope. And he has a point. I think of the families walking united, arm in arm past the police barricade into parliament to make their point once again – to insist that they will be heard, that things will change. "Injustice and Ultraviolence are full of trauma," Fero says. "But they are also full of resistance. Every time the families speak, every time the families show their pain, every word, every image is a fight back. That's what people need to think about."
Ultraviolence is being screened at the BFI London film festival on 12 October at 6.30pm.
Simon Hattenstone is a features writer for the Guardian
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COVID-19 UPDATE! Hire Your Attorney Over The Phone OR Internet
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Crimes A-Z
Criminal Court Process
Prefiling Intervention
Three Strike Crimes
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Violating A Protective Order
Drug Crimes Overview
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Federal Crimes Overview
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Theft Crimes Overview
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Violent Crimes Overview
Assault On Police Officer
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Firearm Offense
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Practice Pointers
Key Terms in California Criminal Defense
Interviews With Ron Hedding
General Information for Los Angeles Criminal Cases
Lawyer Endorsements For Ronald Hedding
Using Prior Sex Related Incidents in California Sex Crimes
Can Prosecutors Get Prior Sex-Related Incidents In Against a Defendant in a Sex Crime Case?
This is a big issue in sex crime defense across Los Angeles County and across the country. In Los Angeles and in California, Evidence Code Section 1108 allows the prosecution to get in other offenses against a criminal defendant in a trial where the person is on trial for a sex-related offense. Our California criminal defense attorneys are providing an overview below.
Defendant's Propensity to Commit Sex Crimes
These crimes that are being permitted to go in against the defendant are to show that the defendant has the propensity to commit sex crimes. This type of evidence has never been allowed in against any defendant in any criminal case, but in sex crime cases the legislature has carved out this exception to allow in other incidences.
This is a very powerful exception because now the government can make the argument that even if we have a weak case against this particular defendant in our open case against them, look at all this other bad stuff that he's done, so he must be guilty of this crime.
That's a crazy argument — a crazy concept — in criminal defense and the type of incidences that are getting in are unbelievable. Some of the incidences are conviction. So, you don't actually have to be convicted of a sex crime offense for them to get an incident in against you.
In other words, it could be an allegation. Let's say you go out on a date and someone claims that you were too aggressive with them and you tried to rape (CALCRIM 1000) them. That case gets investigated, the police don't file a case because it's basically a bogus charge against you.
California Evidence Code 1108
Now you get a new crime — a sex-related offense. You're being tried for that case and you're in jury trial. Prosecutors will now try to get that other case in against you — parade that case in front of the jury using Evidence Code Section 1108 and say, look what he did to this person — he must be guilty of this new crime.
But wait a minute. He was never convicted of that crime. But that's what this 1108 evidence allows prosecutors to do because they were losing a lot of these sex crime cases so now they have this weapon and it is a powerful weapon.
It's the same weapon that got Bill Cosby in his case. They let in a bunch of other cases that weren't charged against him. Maybe they couldn't be charged. Maybe there was a statute of limitations issues.
Whatever the case may be, once you pile up a stack of different cases against a person, that tends to have a spill-over effect when it comes to a jury deciding whether that person is innocent or guilty.
So, the issue becomes how to you combat this evidence that is permitted in against you, even in cases where you haven't been convicted? I think the answer to that is, it depends on what type of evidence.
Filing Motion to Prevent Prior Sex Crime Allegations
Sometimes you have to fight the evidence that they're trying to bring in against you if the judge lets it in. The first thing I do when they're trying to bring in evidence against my client that has nothing to do with the charges — in other words, he's not charged with it, I file a motion to say, first of all this evidence is relevant.
He's not charged with it. Secondly, it's going to have a prejudicial effect on the jury. They're going to convict him because of the other evidence and not necessarily because the prosecutors have proven their case beyond a reasonable doubt in the original sex crime case. So, the judge will rule on that motion before any testimony.
If you're successful in the motion then obviously don't have to worry about it. If you're unsuccessful, you have to make the decision whether you want to fight that this evidence that they're bringing in.
Basically having a side or mini trial within the trial that you're doing — or you want to just accept it and zero-in on the evidence — the weak case that's before you. So, that's a strategic decision that has to be made by the attorney, depending on the evidence.
If your client has pled guilty to a prior rape charge, you're going to have a real tough time trying to re-litigate that rape charge because the prosecutor is going to have the advantage against you in the sense that they're going to be able to say, wait a minute.
Why was the person found guilty of this crime: Or why did the person plead guilty of the crime? Now they're going to try to litigate that just like they're trying to litigate this open case they lost before and they should lose again. That's a real tough road to hoe.
Contact Hedding Law Firm for Help
So, you have to zoom-in on exactly what evidence is it that they're trying to get in against you and whether you have a realistic defense related to that evidence.
So, the answer to whether or not prosecutors can get other sex offenses in against you is, absolutely they can if the judge lets them in if they're relevant to the case. You couldn't get in if somebody committed a murder for example when they're being charged with a rape case. That has nothing to do with rape.
But if the person committed some other sex offense and was convicted of it, most of the type prosecutors number one are going to try to get it in and number two, the judge is going to let it in and now you have to figure out what to do about it. That's a big consideration for people when they're deciding whether to take a deal on a sex crime offense or whether the best thing to do is to work out a resolution.
Hedding Law Firm is a top-ranked criminal defense law firm located at 16000 Ventura Blvd #1208 Encino, CA 91436. We also have an office at 633 West Fifth Street Los Angeles, CA 90071. Contact us for a free case evaluation at (213) 374-3952.
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There is a Singer Sewing Machine for every channel, from novice to professional, and for every sewing need, from clothing making and embroidery to home decor and accessories, including quilting.
To help you make an informed decision about which Singer sewing machine model is best for your specific needs, here is a selection of three of the most popular Singer sewing machines: the 7258, 9960 and 4423.
As a seamstress or someone who wants to learn sewing, the sewing machine is the most important tool for creating projects, from the simplest tablecloths to the most elaborate ball robes. The better this tool is, the more sewerage can come up with artistic, unique and finely crafted clothing, home décor and other projects. One such tool is a computer-controlled sewing machine.
in one sentence. It's not just a sewing machine because it works well with quilting.
The 1600P is everything you need for projects that require sewing, quilting, patching and even upholstery. Here is a look at these sewing machines outstanding features.
Hand sewing machines allow you to carry out repairs and conversions on the move. Some machines can even tackle some big sewing projects. Their light weight and compact design make them easy to drive and many also offer battery operation for wireless use.
Janome Memory Craft 6500P Review – Outstanding Quilter!
Whether you are a beginner or a step pro, with the Janome Memory Craft 6500P there is much to love. With a stapling speed of up to a thousand stitches per minute, you'll complete projects with little time. This means that you can spend your extra time sewing projects even more fun.
Fast Stitches and more projects mean just as much to the beginner as to professionals who want to expand their skills quickly and efficiently. The Janome Memory Craft Sewing Machine is not all speed; Its amazing versatility is evident in the features that are particularly attractive to experienced and emerging quilters.
If you think a sewing machine is just a great sewing tool, you have not met the computer-controlled Singer Confidence 7470 sewing machine yet. Can you imagine 225 stitches, including simple, stretchy, alphanumeric and decorative stitch patterns in a single machine? Singer has always been known as a brand that helps people express themselves in a creative, albeit unexpected, way.
The Singer Confidence is no exception, but this model brings together the Ante for other brands. It has a quilt stitch that looks handmade, an alphabet that appears in the lower and upper cases, and temporary memory for up to 20 of the most commonly used characters, such as periods after monograms. Make "what you print, what you sew" with the many features of this model.
The type of sewing determines the type of sewing machine you should buy. For example, initial sewers would prefer a sewing machine that is simply designed for ease of use and maintenance, while sewers that have considerable experience prefer a machine with innovative features such as the ability to run an unlimited variety of projects.
However, the decisive factor remains the brand of the sewing machine, because not all are the same. Brother's Sewing Machine brand is a leading brand known for its high-quality construction, outstanding performance and affordable price.
Juki is not just making great overlock machines. Not surprisingly, the computer-controlled sewing and quilting machine Juki HZL-F600, which claims it will not disappoint, has been proven by thousands of satisfied customers. But that is ahead of us. Today, Juki is one of the world's leading manufacturers of industrial sewing machines. Juki's advanced technology delivers superior results, amazing features and outstanding reliability in a great package.
This Juki quilting machine is able to carry out a wide range of projects including: apparel construction, home decor, sewing and of course quilting projects. Do not be intimidated by the word "industrial" used to describe what the Juki f600 can do; it just tells you how much you can count on the high quality of this model when it comes to the speed, accuracy and result of every sewing you want or need.
Before I go into my embroidery machine reports and recommendations, I wanted to make sure that you are aware that there are two different configurations: single and multi-head.
What are the different types of monogram machines?
Single Head / Single needle embroidery machine – The single head / single needle looks like a normal sewing machine. The single-needle versions are less expensive and designed for home use. The single-needle models allow only one thread reel at a time, which means you must change the thread every time you want to change the color. This is usually no problem for home projects.
Single head / multiple needleembroidery machine – When you start a commercial business, you definitely want a unit that is multi-needle. They are much faster and more accurate than their single needle cousins and you can load many different colors at once and do not have to change them during the stitch. This can save you a lot of time and money if you are trying to run a successful business.
The single-needle machines are the ones I'll review in this post. I'm a home improvement who makes it a hobby and does not need a faster and more elaborate product. Below are my recommendations for use in your home.


text:
Zoho CRM review
Lead management in a simple to use platform
By Michael Graw 2019-11-13T16:18:46Z
(Image: © Zoho)
Zoho CRM excels at lead capture and management, with automated workflows and integrated email marketing. But, the tiered plan structure makes it pricey for small businesses.
Tons of integrations through Zoho Marketplace
Automatic lead creation from social media mentions
Tiered plan structure can be pricey
Reporting features aren't fully customizable
Customer service via email only, Monday-Friday
Zoho CRM is an extremely powerful platform for customer management and lead generation. The software is able to cast a wide net for bringing in new customer contacts by scanning social media and LinkedIn. On top of that, the platform is extremely easy to use and offers a number of automated workflows to maximize your sales team's productivity.
Even better, Zoho CRM is part of the broader Zoho app ecosystem. That means it integrates seamlessly with Zoho's tools for email marketing, invoicing, and case management. While Zoho CRM can be pricey, the platform is a great choice for medium-sized businesses.
Zoho CRM offers four pricing tiers, plus a free plan for business with less than 10 users.
Zoho CRM Standard costs $12 per user per month. This basic plan comes with a ton of functionality, including sales forecasting, professional reports, and the ability to send mass emails. Plus, your contact database is capped at a whopping 100,000 records.
(Image credit: Zoho)
Many of Zoho CRM's best features come with the Professional edition, which costs $20 per user per month. With this plan, you get an unlimited number of contacts, email and workflow automation, and the ability to scrape contacts from social media networks. The Enterprise plan, for $35 per user per month, adds in territory management, the ability to create custom modules, and multi-currency support.
The Plus plan, at $50 per user per month, is less a standalone CRM than a full-blown marketing toolset. In addition to everything in Enterprise, you can create customer surveys, control email marketing campaigns right from your CRM dashboard, and analyze social media interactions.
Zoho CRM is designed first and foremost for lead management, and it excels at this task. Depending on how your business operates, you can categorize contacts in multiple different ways. A pipeline allows potential customers to be identified as leads before they're established as contacts and assigned a sales rep. Automated workflows allow you to send leads who meet specific characteristics directly to a selected staff member. In addition, there are numerous scoring methods to prioritize leads based on potential revenue or where the lead came from.
Zoho CRM also uses artificial intelligence to help you take your lead conversion process to the next level. A built-in AI called Zia will help your company identify priority leads based on past trends and suggest the best times to follow up with contacts via phone or email. Alternatively, you can use Zia to automatically send marketing emails to new contacts that meet certain criteria for that campaign.
One of the most exciting things about Zoho CRM is how it helps your business capture new leads. The platform can scrape leads from Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram by monitoring posts that tag your company. An integration with LinkedIn, called LinkedIn Sales Navigator, allows you to pull in prospective clients from the social network without ever leaving the CRM software.
The analytics features within Zoho CRM are similarly rich. There are tons of standard reporting templates as well as custom filters, although the customization options were slightly lacking compared to CRM competitors like Salesforce. All of the information collected with Zoho CRM can be synthesized with visuals — the platform comes with bar, line, funnel, and area chart displays — and saved for future benchmarking.
As if all that weren't enough, Zoho CRM also includes email marketing campaigns through SalesInbox. This allows sales reps to quickly — or automatically — sort incoming emails within the CRM interface. In addition, the platform offers the ability to create email templates with a drag-and-drop editor and to maximize open rates with A/B testing.
(Image credit: Zoho CRM)
Interface and In Use
Zoho CRM is impressively easy to use. Setup is streamlined thanks to step-by-step instructions when you first open the dashboard. Admins will want to spend time adding integrations before opening up the software to reps, but this process is quick if you use the searchable Zoho Marketplace to find extensions. There are tons of options there, including Google Apps, all of Zoho's other products, Adobe eSign, Evernote, Eventbrite, and ZenDesk Support.
Once the platform is setup, it'll feel familiar to most users. The interface features a straightforward dashboard with self-explanatory drop-down menus. Individual users have plenty of leeway to change their settings and create custom views, and Zoho CRM doesn't take for granted that everyone using the software is part of a single sales team.
The platform takes out much of the work of entering contact information. You can import data from a spreadsheet, or the software automatically creates contact records from your emails, online form submissions, and customer support tickets. If you're clients are large companies themselves, you can create an account for each client and assign multiple contacts within an account.
Zoho CRM also offers an impressive amount of mobile capabilities, particularly for reps in the field. The iOS and Android apps allow users to edit leads and contacts as well as create reports and workflows. You can also take a picture of a business card and Zoho CRM will add the information to a new contact. Better yet, sales reps have access to a map of contacts that shows leads near their current location and can track on-the-ground activity by checking in at customers' offices.
Zoho CRM comes with a massive trove of documentation and online support in the form of user forums. However, if you want support from a Zoho rep, your options are more limited. The company only offers customer service via email, and responses are limited to standard working hours Monday-Friday.
Zoho CRM's biggest competitor is Salesforce, the CRM behemoth. Salesforce offers almost all of the same features as Zoho CRM, plus more reporting options and better custom module development. But, Salesforce is expensive, which can be off-putting for small- and medium-sized businesses.
Zoho CRM is a highly capable customer management software. It offers tons of tools for collecting leads and casts a wide net that includes social media platforms. Automated workflows supplemented by AI are very useful for boosting the productivity of your salespeople. Plus, the platform is extremely easy to use and offers a wide variety of integrations through Zoho Marketplace. While Zoho CRM can be pricey as a result of the tiered plan structure, it's still a lot cheaper than it's main competitor, Salesforce.
You can sign up to Zoho CRM here
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text:
package autoscaling

import (
	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/waiter"
)

func (c *AutoScaling) WaitUntilGroupExists(input *DescribeAutoScalingGroupsInput) error {
	waiterCfg := waiter.Config{
		Operation:   "DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
		Delay:       5,
		MaxAttempts: 10,
		Acceptors: []waiter.WaitAcceptor{
			{
				State:    "success",
				Matcher:  "path",
				Argument: "length(AutoScalingGroups) > `0`",
				Expected: true,
			},
			{
				State:    "retry",
				Matcher:  "path",
				Argument: "length(AutoScalingGroups) > `0`",
				Expected: false,
			},
		},
	}

	w := waiter.Waiter{
		Client: c,
		Input:  input,
		Config: waiterCfg,
	}
	return w.Wait()
}

func (c *AutoScaling) WaitUntilGroupInService(input *DescribeAutoScalingGroupsInput) error {
	waiterCfg := waiter.Config{
		Operation:   "DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
		Delay:       15,
		MaxAttempts: 40,
		Acceptors: []waiter.WaitAcceptor{
			{
				State:    "success",
				Matcher:  "path",
				Argument: "contains(AutoScalingGroups[].[length(Instances[?LifecycleState=='InService']) >= MinSize][], `false`)",
				Expected: false,
			},
			{
				State:    "retry",
				Matcher:  "path",
				Argument: "contains(AutoScalingGroups[].[length(Instances[?LifecycleState=='InService']) >= MinSize][], `false`)",
				Expected: true,
			},
		},
	}

	w := waiter.Waiter{
		Client: c,
		Input:  input,
		Config: waiterCfg,
	}
	return w.Wait()
}

func (c *AutoScaling) WaitUntilGroupNotExists(input *DescribeAutoScalingGroupsInput) error {
	waiterCfg := waiter.Config{
		Operation:   "DescribeAutoScalingGroups",
		Delay:       15,
		MaxAttempts: 40,
		Acceptors: []waiter.WaitAcceptor{
			{
				State:    "success",
				Matcher:  "path",
				Argument: "length(AutoScalingGroups) > `0`",
				Expected: false,
			},
			{
				State:    "retry",
				Matcher:  "path",
				Argument: "length(AutoScalingGroups) > `0`",
				Expected: true,
			},
		},
	}

	w := waiter.Waiter{
		Client: c,
		Input:  input,
		Config: waiterCfg,
	}
	return w.Wait()
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Saudi SME Fund recognizes the vital role of SMEs in the Saudi economy, as this also pivoted in the 2030 vision recently adopted by the Kingdom. The Saudi SME Fund also understand the challenges faced by SME's in accessing finance for rapid growth. The Saudi SME Fund provides a Sharia'a-compliant partnership financing program for successful small and medium enterprises in operation for at least two years in value added sectors, to help them realize their true potential.
Backed by established and reputable institutions, the Saudi SME Fund is committed to growing the SME sector to influence further contribution to the economic growth of the kingdom. This is evident in the Saudi SME fund's strategy of investing in businesses that add value to the economy and are catalysts for job creation in sectors such as consumer goods and services, healthcare, education, media, retail and transportation. By taking a leadership position in increasing employment opportunities for Saudi nationals, the Saudi SME Fund plays a key role in developing a more involved, qualified and independent workforce.
Furthermore, the Saudi SME Fund is also committed to furthering the development of female entrepreneurship within the kingdom and encourages the ever expanding role of women through investments in enterprises that advocate gender empowerment.
The Saudi SME Fund aims to expand businesses with an innovative and flexible financing approach; thus, allowing them to maintain control and enjoy all the benefits of financing, without applying a burden on the operating cash flows of the business.
During April 2014, Malaz Capital purchased an established residential compound in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia with over 900 units through the Malaz Real Estate Opportunities Fund I, a CMA regulated real estate closed ended private equity fund. The Compound value is in excess of SAR2 bn and is fully leased through a long term lease agreement. The Fund's size is SAR745.0 mn, its term is expected to be 10-12 years during which it is projected to generate an IRR of 16% or more to its investors.
During January 2014, Malaz Capital purchased an established residential compound in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with over 700 units through the Malaz Real Estate Opportunities Fund II, a CMA regulated real estate closed ended private equity fund. The Compound's value was in excess of SAR1 bn and was fully leased through a long term lease agreement. The Fund's size was SAR425.0 mn, its term was expected to be 10-12 years during which it was projected to generated approximately an IRR of 19% or more to its investors. The fund was closed and liquidated in 2016, and generated an IRR of 38% to its unit holders.


This clasp is made from PEWTER plated with 99.9% sterling silver. Free of lead, nickel, cadmium. Hypoallergenic. This is a strong magnetic clasp that breaks apart for easy opening on bracelets. Each opening is 5mm round, allowing it to be used with two braids.
This clasp works well with multiple beaded braid or fiber braid designs. Usually only cord ends need to be inserted into clasp, not beads.


text:
Q: Sorting a List of Maps dynamically in Ascending and Descending order I am having Maps inside a List.
I need to sort the List based on the input dynamically by passing it as a parameter into the method sortData.
It is working as expected, but the problem is that am not able to sort the list in reverse order.
I'm getting an Error : The method get(String) is undefined for the type Object
Code
public class TestingClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List< LinkedHashMap<String,Object> > list = new ArrayList<>();

        /*Map 2*/
        LinkedHashMap<String,Object> lhm1 = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        lhm1.put("LONG_HEADER", 2l);
        lhm1.put("STRING_HEADER1", "C");
        lhm1.put("STRING_HEADER2", "D");

        /*Map 2*/

        LinkedHashMap<String,Object> lhm2 = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        lhm2.put("LONG_HEADER", 1l);
        lhm2.put("STRING_HEADER1", "E");
        lhm2.put("STRING_HEADER2", "F");

        /*Map 3*/
        LinkedHashMap<String,Object> lhm3 = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        lhm3.put("LONG_HEADER", 3l);
        lhm3.put("STRING_HEADER1", "A");
        lhm3.put("STRING_HEADER2", "B");

        list.add(lhm1);
        list.add(lhm2);
        list.add(lhm3);

        List< LinkedHashMap<String,Object> > sortedList1 = sortData(list,"LONG_HEADER","ASC" );
        System.out.println("Output 1 After sorting" +sortedList1);
        List< LinkedHashMap<String,Object> > sortedList2 = sortData(list,"STRING_HEADER1","ASC" );
        System.out.println("Output 2 After sorting"+sortedList2);
        List< LinkedHashMap<String,Object> > sortedList3 = sortData(list,"STRING_HEADER2","ASC" );
        System.out.println("Output 3 After sorting"+sortedList3);

        /* It won't work */
        sortData(list,"LONG_HEADER","DESC" );
        sortData(list,"STRING_HEADER1","DESC" );
        sortData(list,"STRING_HEADER2","DESC" );
    }

    private static List<LinkedHashMap<String, Object>> sortData(List<LinkedHashMap<String, Object>> inputGridData,
            String sortBy, String sortOrder) {
        List<LinkedHashMap<String, Object>> lOutputGridDat = null;
        if (inputGridData.get(0).get(sortBy) instanceof Long) {
            if( "ASC".equals(sortOrder)) {
                lOutputGridDat = inputGridData.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparingLong(o -> ((Long) o.get(sortBy))))
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
            }
            else {
                /*Here am getting error  if i use .reversed() method*/
                //Error : The method get(String) is undefined for the type Object
                lOutputGridDat = inputGridData.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparingLong(o -> ((Long) o.get(sortBy))).reversed())
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
            }

        } else {
            if( "ASC".equals(sortOrder)) {
                lOutputGridDat = inputGridData.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(o -> ((String) o.get(sortBy))))
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
            }
            else {
                /*Here am getting error  if i use .reversed() method*/
                // Error : The method get(String) is undefined for the type Object
                lOutputGridDat = inputGridData.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(o -> ((String) o.get(sortBy))).reversed())
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
            }
        }
        return lOutputGridDat;
    }
}

Map 1 After sorting
[{LONG_HEADER=1, STRING_HEADER1=E, STRING_HEADER2=F}, {LONG_HEADER=2, STRING_HEADER1=C, STRING_HEADER2=D}, {LONG_HEADER=3, STRING_HEADER1=A, STRING_HEADER2=B}]

Map 2 After sorting
[{LONG_HEADER=3, STRING_HEADER1=A, STRING_HEADER2=B}, {LONG_HEADER=2, STRING_HEADER1=C, STRING_HEADER2=D}, {LONG_HEADER=1, STRING_HEADER1=E, STRING_HEADER2=F}]

Map 3 After sorting
[{LONG_HEADER=3, STRING_HEADER1=A, STRING_HEADER2=B}, {LONG_HEADER=2, STRING_HEADER1=C, STRING_HEADER2=D}, {LONG_HEADER=1, STRING_HEADER1=E, STRING_HEADER2=F}]

A: Firstly, it's worth to point out at some important issues with the code you've provided :

*

*As I've said, it's not a good practice to use Object as generic type. Generics were introduced to enforce the type safety, using Object as generic type is as bad as don't use generics at all.

*Don't store the elements of different types together in a single collection. And avoid instanceof checks and type casting.

*Don't write your code against concrete classes like LinkedHashMap - variable type has to be Map instead.

You can find more elaborate explanation on all account mentioned above on this site if you doubt if these suggestions have a value.
With regard to your question, comparators as defined in your'r code will not compile.
That's you can fix it:
Comparator.<Map<String, Object>, String>comparing(
                o -> ((String) o.get(sortBy))).reversed()

When you're chaining the methods, the compiler is unable to infer the type of the prameter o inside the comparing based on the type of the elements of the stream.
Parameter o is treated not as a Map but as Object therefore you can't invoke get() on it.
Generic type information needs to be provided explicitly: <Map<String, Object>, String>. Where the first part - type of the argument passed into comparing (i.e. element of the stream), the second is a type of value that will be used for comparison (i.e. string).
for information on the syntax of generic methods, take a look at this tutorial

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
David Allen Column
Binding arbitration policy would cause drug…
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Binding arbitration policy would cause drug development pipeline to run dry
Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., joined at left by Energy and Commerce Committee Chair Frank Pallone, D-N.J., speaks at an event to announce legislation to lower health care costs and protect people with pre-existing medical conditions, at the Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, March 26, 2019. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
By Sandip Shah |
PUBLISHED: May 23, 2019 at 11:35 am | UPDATED: May 23, 2019 at 11:35 am
Pharmaceutical giant Biogen recently pulled the plug on its experimental Alzheimer's drug after disappointing clinical trial results.
The news shook investors. Biogen shares plummeted 32 percent, wiping $18 billion off the company's market cap. The disappointing announcement underscored how risky drug development is, especially for Alzheimer's treatments. Nearly 150 potential Alzheimer's drugs have failed during clinical trials in the past decade alone.
The disease still has no cure. It costs our healthcare system $277 billion each year. And that cost will only rise as America's population ages. Yet investors keep funding these long-shot efforts because they know that just one breakthrough drug could generate millions in profits.
Unfortunately, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi seems determined to change that risk calculus. She and several other lawmakers are considering a policy — known as "binding arbitration" — that would essentially allow the government to dictate prices for drugs covered by Medicare. Arbitration would let the government underpay for drugs, killing the incentives for investors to fund new treatments. As a result, it would hamstring research for breakthrough medicines.
Like all industries, the pharmaceutical sector has to provide adequate return on investments for their shareholders. After all, it costs billions of dollars and takes more than a decade to develop just one new therapy. Only 12 percent of drugs ever make it to pharmacy shelves.
Companies need revenues from successful medicines to offset the cost of failed drugs to fund future projects and provide adequate ROI for their investors. Take away the possibility of high returns on the rare, successful drug, and investors would have no reason to invest in more R&D.
Here's where it gets tricky. After a drug receives FDA approval, drug companies and insurers come together to negotiate its price. Some of these insurers are responsible for administering Medicare's Part D drug benefit for the elderly. As with any negotiation, these talks sometimes hit roadblocks.
Binding arbitration gives the government a way to break the deadlock. If manufacturers and insurers can't agree on a price, Medicare officials could bring in a third-party arbitrator. After manufacturers and Medicare officials each suggest a price and present arguments in favor of their positions, the arbitrator would set a price.
Speaker Pelosi hasn't yet announced her plan publicly. So it's unclear whether the arbitrator would simply choose between the proposed prices, or if the arbitrator could come up with an alternative price. It's also unclear whether the arbitrator would be a single person or a committee.
But two things are certain. Both parties would be legally bound to accept the arbitrator's decision. And arbitrators would almost always choose artificially low prices favored by the government.
After all, government officials get to hand-pick these supposedly "neutral" arbitrators. The government would undoubtedly choose arbitrators who are inclined to set low prices. That translates into lower profits for drug makers — and fewer dollars to pour into new projects.
Just as concerning, however, is that these third-party negotiations disrupt the free market forces in play in the drug pricing system. In addition to smothering future investment, such meddling will only act to delay patient access to potential life-saving medicines.
How expansive is FBI spying on dissidents today?
Dream: Political Cartoons
MLK showed the way
American patients can't afford a drop-off in R&D — and neither can the government. Currently, 191 million Americans live with at least one chronic disease, and 169 million more could join their ranks over the next decade. Without the help of new medicines, chronic disease will cost our nation $42 trillion by 2030.
Innovation, not price controls, is the best way to bring innovative treatments — especially those that reduce overall spending in the long run. Ensuring that drug companies can still attract plenty of research funding could even reduce government spending. The development of a single drug that delays the onset of Alzheimer's could save Medicare and Medicaid $218 billion annually by 2050.
Binding arbitration would destroy the appeal of drug development and leave countless potential cures to die in the pipeline. If Speaker Pelosi and others are serious about cutting costs and helping patients, they'll drop this plan immediately.
Sandip Shah is founder and president of Market Access Solutions which develops strategies to optimize patient access to life-changing therapies.
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Sandip Shah
Inland Valley Daily Bulletin: Share your news


text:
Clint Eastwood's 'The 15:17 To Paris' Adds Sinqua Walls
EXCLUSIVE: Sinqua Walls has been cast in Client Eastwood's upcoming biopic The 15:17 To Paris from Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow. It's based on the novel The 15:17 to Paris: The True Story of a Terrorist, a Train, and Three American Heroesby Anthony Sadler, Alek Skarlatos, Spencer Stone and Jeffrey E. Stern about the 2015 thwarted terrorist attack on Thalys train #9364 bound for Paris.
Dorothy Blyskal penned the screenplay that follows the course of the friends' lives, from the struggles of childhood through finding their footing in life, to the series of unlikely events leading up to the attack. Walls will play Marine Chris O'Neil. The pic will feature the real-life heroes, Salder, Skarlatos, and Stone, portraying themselves, as well as Judy Greer, Jenna Fischer, Ray Corasani, Paul-Mikél Williams, Max Ivutin, Bryce Gheisar, Cole Eichenberger and William Jennings.
Eastwood is producing with Tim Moore, Jesssica Meier, and Kristina Rivera. Bruce Berman is serving as exec producing of the film, which is currently in production. Walls recurred as Sir Lancelot on ABC's Once Upon A Time, and has appeared in previous seasons of MTV's Teen Wolf and Power on Starz. He's repped by APA and Zero Gravity Management.


text:
Home > Books > Classical Instrumental Books > Fritz Reiner (Philip Hart) (9780810111257)
Item# B0013
B0013. (REINER) Philip Hart. Fritz Reiner: A Biography. Evanston, IL, Northwestern University Press, 1994. 330pp. Index; Bibliography; Discography; Reiner's Repertoire; Photos. Hardbound Edition long out-of-print! Slightly used copy has minor underlining. Final Copy! - 9780810111257
"As an opera and orchestral conductor, Fritz Reiner had few equals and no betters during his lifetime. From his apprenticeship at the Dresden Opera through his decades at Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, the Met and finally Chicago, Reiner displayed a consummate musicianship and technical prowess that were truly awesome to behold. His death in 1963 terminated one of the outstanding conducting careers of the 20th century. Reiner's greatness as a musician, however, had little in common with Reiner the man. Fritz Reiner was one of the most feared, hated and tyrannical of conductors, and his extraordinary meanspiritedness and pettiness towards his players extended into his private life. In this biography, Philip Hart, who worked with Reiner in Chicago, shows him as a man with few discernable redeeming qualities. A more in-depth psychological portrait of Reiner would have been welcome, though Hart does address what he calls a "deep seated psychological insecurity in his character." Reiner's heinous treatment of his musicians was carried over into his interactions with his wives, his children and his friends. He seems to have been a deeply self-loathing individual who took these feelings out on those around him, but also sublimated these same feelings into his art, with astonishing results. Hart's biography is a decidedly mixed bag. It is often skimpy and superficial concerning personal matters, but also insightful and generous concerning his musicianship. The value of this biography, however, cannot be understated. Being the only biographical and critical profile of this colossal musician, Hart has done us a great service with this book, despite its obvious shortcomings. Anyone interested in great music or conducting will love this book."
- Ned Ludd


The Metro Elite Hockey League was born on January 27, 2014. The goal of the MEHL is to grow hockey in the Metro New York area. The visionary was our late friend Jason Pagni. This league is dedicated to Jason and it is our goal to fulfill his vision.
The MEHL is designed to support competitive hockey in the New York Metropolitan Area. We will be guided by the fundamental principles of growing the game of hockey while following USA Hockey rules and regulations. The only requirement is to have teams that are competitive on the ice, respectful in all aspects of the game, and supportive of one another.
The MEHL is comprised of two Tiers - Tier I AAA and Tier II AA. The tiers will be further split into AAA Major and Minor by birth year. The AA Tier will be split into two divisions Gold and Silver so each level of play can be competitive.
The MEHL looks forward to another great season.


text:
Core Values & Principles
GPA History
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Submit your Peace Story
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GPA CORE VALUES
Caring for the needs of others and sharing what is available in an equitable manner.
Not taking vengeance for past wrongs of others
Acting responsibly in a trustworthy and reliable manner.
Appreciating the well-being and happiness of all humans, just as one's own – irrespective of race, ethnicity, tribe, religion, language, culture, or ideology.
GPA PRINCIPLES
The Global Peace Alliance shall always function as a non-profit and non-political organization without any particular religious affiliation
One World – One People – One Human Family
We humans have the ability to make the world we want.
We humans have to make a choice between self-annihilation through the means of the reason of power and peaceful living through the means of the power of reason.
Humans will continue to survive as a species on Earth only if they learn to celebrate their diversity, respect their common values, and to resolve their inevitable conflicts – among themselves, their communities or nations – through non-violent means.
The uniting power of love, peace, and friendship is much stronger than that of hatred, war, and enmity.
Every human being has the equal right to life, liberty, security, and justice.
Respect for individual rights and freedoms requires the protection of all human rights by means of a universal system of justice.
The United Nations must be duly reckoned on and recognized by everyone as a legitimate organization of all nations.
The shortcomings in the existing global checks and balances and the way they are being enforced need to be duly addressed to ensure avoidance of international wars and internal violations of human rights.
Peace and social justice can be attained only by peaceful and just means, such as education, communication, democratic processes, the rule of law, poverty alleviation and nonviolent protests of wrongs.
The world should be free of all forms of weapons of mass destruction.
The strategy of 'deterrence' with competing powers clinging on to their weapons of mass destruction only keeps the world in tension, fear, and uncertainty, and, therefore, it should be a thing of the past.
"The world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do evil, but because of those who look on and do nothing" – Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955).
Shaping Peace Together Festival Full of History and Inspiration
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Yes, millennials are as dumb as a box of rocks.
Only in Madwoman Merkel's Marxist land. Did I hear someone say "Go away and stay away!" ? How about we change the locks while they're gone?
I've had broken ribs before, and that is not just inflicting some pain. And a fractured rib could puncture a lung and you could bleed to death internally. So if you think you are going to kick me, you'll need to be able to do it with a bullet in your brain.
The opposition is planning on killing you. You had better be ready.
And he makes good points.


Having spent many years showing some of north west London's swankiest homes, Jason Thrasivoulou, senior sales consultant at Liv International has high standards.
We like to think we offer a bespoke service to our clients and applicants. From being available 24/7 to selecting specific properties for the purchaser/renter anywhere in London or surrounding suburbs, we do it all.
I live on my own in South Woodford in Essex in an apartment block.
I'd like to think I would be retired and travelling the world with unlimited funds but that's not very realistic. I suppose I would settle for a boy's childhood dream and be a pilot.
I purchased in 2012 and it was a modern new build.
A detached house, big enough for the whole family to have a large en-suite bathroom each, a swimming pool a gym and, of course, a cinema room. After years spent selling and renting amazing super homes I've taken a bit of a liking towards them!
I wouldn't like to say... I was on the lettings team at Liv for a long time. Going in to flats that are supposed to be empty, or that have been rented before you get to the viewing, all sorts can have happened. Let's just say I've walked in on a few house warming parties that are still going on the morning after.
Buyers and renters have become much more aware of the property market in the time I have worked in the industry. People are now more in the know with what is on the market, what price it they should be asking and what they think you can achieve. It's quite rare to give a valuation to a client that hasn't already hit the nail on the head with the price nowadays.
Know your market, maintain good relationships with your fellow agents and know what each road has to offer.


Today's creatures look horrific. Or they would, at least, if they weren't so tiny. A long-range invader, the Japanese skeleton shrimp (Caprella mutica) is tiny, but their ability to colonise new areas quickly has made them a problem for other aquatic invertebrates since their first sighting in Norway 20 years ago.
Last Monday, I wrote about how climate change can facilitate the spread of non-native and invasive species. Today, we look at a species that whilst problematic now, could spread further throughout Norwegian waters as temperatures rise.
The last time we looked at an ocean-dweller in this series, we saw that while some species may not be great for ecosystems, they can provide an obvious benefit to other aspects of the region, in this case the fishing industry. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was also introduced intentionally for cultivation and is now on the verge of becoming a major problem in Norwegian waters.
Because of its tolerance of most environments, the Pacific oyster has become the most widely cultivated oyster in the world, and thus one of the most widely distributed alien species in the world. Originating from the North-West Pacific, around Japan, it's sometimes referred to as the Japanese oyster. There is some confusion regarding its taxonomy, with it also sometimes referred to as the Portuguese oyster, though it's possible the two are separate species. They are large, jagged oysters, and occur in marine coastal waters.
The oysters were imported into waters throughout Scandinavia and most of Northern Europe to replace dwindling stocks of native oysters at various points through the 20th century. Naturally, they eventually established wild populations as well, and are now abundant along Norway's southern coast. Whilst they have taken over coastlines through much of Europe, their dislike of colder waters means that for now, their local populations are largely constrained to the south of Norway. But increases in temperature, which will occur at an accelerated rate in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, mean that the oyster could spread further north in the coming decades.
Much like the Red King Crab, they transform the local ecosystem into a homogenous mass. They can transform substrate from soft bottomed and muddy to filled with rocks and other oysters and mussels, also paving the way for other alien species, and lowering regional biodiversity by outcompeting and displacing local species. Interestingly though, presence of oysters can often improve water quality in the surrounding regions and heighten ecosystem productivity, though the position of the oyster in novel food webs is not particularly well understood. They also have negative effects for local human populations, making certain areas impossible to use for recreation, as they're extremely sharp.
In other countries, attempts to eradicate wold populations by harvesting them have proved futile, and a 2005 study showed the oyster eradication would also cause substantial harm to the local ecosystem. Warming seas will mean the expansion of the oyster's range, however this is likely to happen very slowly, so by focusing on the ranges edges it may be possible in the future to limit expansion.
Ominous. That's the thing, isn't it. Some invasive species look harmless. You can't be scared of a baby Canada Goose, can you? Or a nice purple garden flower. Such florescence. You can, however, be scared of a spiny, alien-looking 10 kilo mass of spines and pincers that has been shuffling its way into Norwegian waters over the last half-century.
Paralithodes camtschaticus, the Red King Crab, is the most heavily fished crustacean in Russian seas. They fetch a high price at the market, and over 50 million USD was made in exports in Norway alone in 2016. A common trait amongst invasive species, they are a generalist predator, and will eat anything, from small invertebrates to large echinoderms and bivalves. They are among the largest arthropods living, with 8 legs, 2 pincers, a carapace of around 22cm, and an unholy mass of mandibles and spines to go with it. They are also quick movers, and can relocate based on available food quickly. Basically, if I were a sea urchin, were it not for the sea urchin's general lack of the concept of fear or any other emotion, I'd be terrified.
The crab is native to the northern Pacific Ocean, but like the Pink Salmon, they were deliberately stocked into the Murman coast by Russian scientists for commercial fishery. Since the 60s the crab has spread into Norwegian waters, and was well established in Northern Norway by the 90s. Soon after this the population skyrocketed, and the majority of fjords in Northern Norway are now occupied by the crab. Whilst the crabs prefer colder temperatures, increased temperature doesn't seem to be a barrier for migration, and the fact that there are also reports of human introductions as far south as Bergen should be worrying.
Their role as a large predator of pretty much anything, combined with the fact that they migrate between different depths and are fast movers, mean that they can significantly change the physical structure of the ecosystem that they inhabit very quickly. Their removal of larger bivalves and echinoderms has lead to lower diversity and abundance in Norwegian fjords, particularly among species with low motility, and subsequent changes in the entire community composition of an ecosystem. They can also contribute to a loss in production and nutrient recycling, and subsequent drops in populations of local fish.
This is difficult, and marks the point in this series where we need to actually consider the term 'invasive'. So far, I've considered invasive species as alien species which demonstrate a negative effect for the ecosystems they are novel to, or on the economy of a nation, with no pronounced positive effects in any other aspect. However in many international and national laws, invasive species are those which have a negative impact on human health or economy. And here lies the issue. Whilst the Red King Crab has an undeniably negative effect of local biodiversity, it has a undeniably positive effect on the Norwegian economy.
I'll return to this topic next week, but for now let's approach the issue as if we want to stop the incursion. The crabs seem to display high site loyalty, which means that they're theoretically easy to prevent from spreading further down the Norwegian coast, given correct management. The crabs prefer cold waters so let's keep that climate change going and drive them out of Norway oh dear God my apologies that's a terrible idea.
Reducing supply-and-demand lessens the crab's economic value, so avoiding crab meat is a good step. Yet the Norwegian government's tactics here are more likely to make a difference. Currently the practice is to maintain a certain capacity in some areas, whilst aiming for fishing to eradication in areas further south to prevent spreading. However there is little incentive for fishermen to eradicate a substantial part of their livelihood, so these regulations may need to be more strictly enforced, or the quota regulated areas restricted further.
For more information on the crab, we invite you to read the following articles.
Current Status of the Red King Crab and Snow Crab Industries in Norway by Lorentzen et al.
Thermal behaviour and the prospect spread of an invasive benthic top predator by Christiansen et al.
In my previous posts on rewilding and wild boar, I talked about the effects of reintroducing species that were previously found in Norway. Now, I want to talk more about the large carnivores in Scandinavia which serve as protection against invasive species. This opinion piece is coming from an ecologist and a foreigner, so treat this like a Scandic breakfast buffet and take what you want.


text:
Position Battles: Defensive Line Pecking Order Is Tough To Figure Out
David Helman
DallasCowboys.com Staff Writer
(Editor's Note: The NFL Draft has come and gone. Now it's time to see what the Cowboys have to work with. The roster is nearly full and that should mean a healthy dose of competition – at all positions. Over the next two weeks, the writers of DallasCowboys.com will focus on each position to find the most intriguing battles as we head into the offseason practices. Today, we continue the series with the defensive line.)
Battle To Watch: It's amazing how much we know about this defensive line, while at the same time knowing nothing at all.
On one hand, we have a pretty good idea of who is going to be playing along the defensive front for the Cowboys in 2017. On the other hand, we have no idea who will start, who will line up in which positions or how many snaps they'll play.
You want to talk about position flex – this unit has it. DeMarcus Lawrence has experience playing both left and right defensive end, as does Benson Mayowa. David Irving moved between left defensive end and defensive tackle. Tyrone Crawford has played extensively at those two spots, as well.
Meanwhile, Cowboys officials have expressed confidence that first-round draft pick Taco Charlton can play both end positions, as well as defensive tackle.
The trio of Maliek Collins, Cedric Thornton and Stephen Paea are likely to remain inside at defensive tackle – though it'll be interesting to see how they pair up and who they work with.
Essentially, the Cowboys have a lot of pieces in place heading into the summer. Now, it's just a matter of determining the best way to use them.
Don't Forget About: It would be hard to forget about Charles Tapper, given how frequently Cowboys officials have mentioned his name this offseason.
The Cowboys drafted Tapper No. 101 overall in last year's draft – ahead of both Dak Prescott and Anthony Brown. Shortly into training camp, though, Tapper was diagnosed with a stress fracture in his back, also referred to as a "pars defect." He initially made the final roster but was moved to the injured reserve early in the season. He has yet to play a snap as a Cowboy.
All reports on Tapper's health have been positive since the season ended, and it certainly sounds like the Cowboys expect him to be a factor in his second season. If he plays up to their hopes, he could provide a boost for a group that needs to generate more pressure on the quarterback.
Bubble Watch: As competitive as the defensive line promises to be, it doesn't look like there's a lot of room on the bubble. The Cowboys typically keep anywhere from eight-to-10 defensive linemen on their 53-man roster, and most of those spots appear to be spoken for. It's easy to look at this depth chart and come up with seven or eight players who look likely to make the team.
At the back end of the depth chart, there should be plenty of competition for the final few spots between guys like free agent signee Damontre Moore, as well as seventh-round draft picks Joey Ivie and Jordan Carrell.
The team also signed second-year defensive end Lenny Jones to a futures contract in January, and they are expected to sign defensive end Lewis Neal and defensive tackle Woody Baron as undrafted free agents.
Locks:DeMarcus LawrenceTaco CharltonTyrone CrawfordMaliek CollinsCedric ThorntonDavid IrvingBenson Mayowa
Contenders:Charles TapperDamontre MooreStephen PaeaJoey IvieJordan Carrell
Long Shots:Lenny JonesLewis NealWoody Baron


Need help setting up or growing your own business? Speak to Lynsey about her afforable support services on lynsey@lekeuxevents.co.uk.
Hey! I'm Lynsey, owner and founder at Le Keux. I started this business in 2007 and have built a network of salon and party premises, including franchising the business model, creating and launching my own make up range in 2012, which is growing and expanding every year and finally diversifying into digital products in 2016 with http://www.diabloandlekeux.com.
I did all this with the help of my sister and Creative Director, Diablo Rose, who joined the business full time in 2014.
We're very proud of our brand and love the relationships we've built with our amazing customers. I'm passionate about entrepreneurship and love everything about business.
I'm very blessed to now have an amazing team of Managers and suppliers who support the daily running of Le Keux; enabling me to focus on my passion for supporting others in their business start up and growth. Before taking the leap from full time employment to starting my own business I had a career in Project Management, Business Consultancy and Business Process Re-engineering; I'd be responsible for creating efficiency savings, developing new processes and team structures and managing change in challenging circumstances. This gave me an amazing amount of experience in understanding strategy, forming a business model and creating the most efficient way of carrying out a task or department's role. This, combined with my start up and business growth experience with Le Keux provides me with the skills to help you also achieve your goals.
If you're in a rut, experiencing poor time management or overwhelm this is perfect for you. I offer a two hour session in person (Birmingham or Leamington Spa) or over Skype in which we delve into your daily routines and potential blockages and we make a plan to move you forward. I then follow up with further sessions with you, to keep you on track, help you be accountable to yourself and share my experience of similar challenges to inspire you to reach your goals.
Email me at lynsey@lekeuxevents.co.uk for a no obligation chat today!
Corinne, Warwickshire: "Lynsey has helped me tremendously to grow my holistic therapy business over the last 5 years. She has encouraged me all the way in training in new therapies to add to my practice.
The one amazing thing she has helped me with is public speaking. If you had asked me several years ago whether I could stand up in front of 15 professional HR Managers from Europe and Russia delivering a Meditation and Mindfulness Workshop I would have said no, it was my worst nightmare. But Lynsey has given me the confidence to do just that. Her guidance and wisdom has been life changing.
She has also helped me with social media marketing and particularly funnel marketing which has brought in so many new clients. My income has doubled.
I've still got a way to go but feeling so exhilarated at taking charge of my chaos!!