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Come Worship with Us
9:45 am Sunday School
11am Morning Worship
11:00 am Children's Church
1310AM & 92.7FM
Grace Apostolic Church
Connect with Grace
GRACE LIVE STREAM VIDEOS & MORE
PASTOR VIDEOS & MORE
Suffragan Bishop Kevin M. Harrison
First Lady Deborah Harrison
Pastor Kevin Harrison & First Lady Deborah Harrison invite you to join us for "PACK THE PEWS" Sunday, June 2, 2019 for our 11am Morning Worship Service. Grace Welcomes You to be our Special Guest as we pack the pews to give God Praise.
If you need a ride to help us pack the pews please call 317-925-8103 ahead of time.
You & Your Family and Friends are Welcome to Grace where you can feel free to clap your hands, do your dance and where the Spirit of Lord dwells. Grace is located on the corner of North College Avenue and East 22nd Street just north of downtown Indianapolis.
See You Sunday, June 2, 2019 at 11AM
on FB & IG
Copyright © 2015 Grace Apostolic Church
11:00 am Morning Worship
Grace Apostolic Church History
More than 50 years ago, Grace Apostolic Church of Indianapolis began its journey to what it has become today. On November 22, 1953, about 30 saints met in a theater, under the leadership of Elder Morris Golder. The theater was later renovated into a house of God. In 1961 the church had its mortgage burning. One year later after being approached about purchasing a church at the corner of 22nd and Broadway, Elder Golder and the congregation sold the Northwestern Avenue Church, and used the proceeds as a down payment against the mortgage. On Palm Sunday, April 1st 1963, the saints moved into the 1st church building at the corner of Broadway. Dedication services were held on the 1st week of July 1963.
By the Grace of God, the membership increased by nearly four hundred. The first church was paid for and we experienced another mortgage burning on November 26, 1967. As a result of the growth in membership the church established a building fund in 1969, for the renovation of the building to seat 1200. Three years later, services were held in the newly remodeled building on Easter Sunday 1971.
The Church continued to add souls. The body increased to over 1000. Plans were laid to build a totally new building. A building fund was once again established. It was an exciting time. On November 7, 1990 a multitude of singing, happy children, marched through the rain behind the Bishop Morris E. and First Lady Bobbie Golder, into the new building capable of seating 3200, uniquely designed to where every seat is focused on the pulpit area, creating, "not a bad seat in the house". In Memory Bishop Golder went home to glory on July 23, 2000.
Bishop Golder went home to glory on July 23, 2000. We have much to thank him for. His foresight and vision for this congregation brought us a mighty long way.
We honor his memory by continuing the traditions of following the Lord, loving one another, and being a soul winning family under the grace of God.
Suffragan Bishop Larry J. Hunt & First Lady Linda Hunt
Our Beloved Founder Bishop Morris E. Golder
In September of 2001, Suffragan Bishop Larry J. Hunt was elected as the new pastor and was installed on January 13, 2002. He and First Lady Linda Hunt brought a vision of serving the community around us.
Under his leadership, advancements in technology, greater efforts in missions, outreach, and a special emphasis on the youth all demonstrated his love for this church and its people. In 2003, the sanctuary was remodeled for broadcasting capability.
Bishop Hunt transitioned to his heavenly home in June 27, 2012. Lady Hunt continues to be a loved and valued member of Grace.
Bishop Hunt.JPG
Bishop Golder.jpg


David Rencher, the Chief Genealogical Officer at FamilySearch, presented a session at the 2014 annual conference of the National Genealogical Society. It was titled, "Framing the Problem for Overseas Research." Rencher has noticed that when people make genealogy trips overseas, they often fail to accomplish their objectives. Thinking about frames can help us have success.
Each of us has a frame in which we view a problem. Identify your desired outcome and then frame your objective.
You need to manage your frames. Recognize that your frame is not complete. If you know the boundaries of your frame, you recognize other frames lying outside of those boundaries. For example, if you are used to using U.S. land records, and you try to apply that to, say, Irish land records, you will have problems. Only the upper 10% of people owned land in Ireland. The indexes are different. Applying the same frame to both does not work.
At the end of WWII an American Intelligence Officer was asked to find war criminals. The officer thought through the problem, thinking about how the criminals would think. Rather than trying to hunt down each one of them, he ran an ad in the Berlin newspapers asking for security experts, figuring they would apply. Sure enough, many applied for the job. That young officer was Henry Kissinger.
You know you need a new frame when you're getting poor results, having surprising outcomes, and having difficulties communicating your frame. If you're driving across the Golden Gate Bridge, you see one view through your front window. If you're in a boat driving under the bridge, you see a different view. If you're in an airplane, you see yet another view.
Ask yourself some basic questions. What boundaries do I put on the question? How do I measure success and failure? What metaphors do I use in thinking about the issue? Why do I think about this issue the way I do? What does the frame emphasize and minimize? Do others think differently about the issue?
Identify your desired outcomes for travelling overseas. Some might want nothing more than to stand on the old homestead. Others might want to identify and meet living relatives. Others want proof that they came from a particular parish. Some may want to visit the homeland area, learn the history, and visit historic sites in the area.
Your objective frames the research problem. You need to stay lasered on your objective. Depending on what you want to do, you prepare differently, you plan to visit different archives, and you plan to look at different records.
Say you wish to find the property where your ancestor lived. You're going to check tax records, detailed survey maps, deed and mortgage records, and landed family estate papers.
For this objective, you should plan to visit the National Archives, the Ordinance Survey Map Office, map collections at national libraries, and local record offices.
If you go overseas and you have not locked in where you're going to go and what you're going to look at, you're not going to be as successful. Be lasered on the objective.
Think of many alternatives to pursue during a trip. Have backup plans. Build in consistencies. Say for example, you can't find a person in a particular parish. What are you going to do? What adjoining parishes might have the record? What places might have duplicates of the records?
Our minds usually ignore evidence which does not fit into our frame. Sometimes we try to dismiss it. Challenge your assumptions. Some of you have made assumptions about your family and don't have evidence about it. Ask others about the problem. Then listen; don't interrupt with comments like "done that." Label knowledge as known, presumed, or unclear.
Be realistic about what can be accomplished in a day. Visiting an archive may involve waiting late in the morning for the archive to open, registering, receiving instructions, looking through indexes, waiting through staff breaks, waiting for records to be delivered from storage, and leaving at the close of the business day. Dinner is a 2.5 hour process there. Realistically, you may get in only four or five hours of productive research.


Inducted in 2002, he served as president of the board.
Former executive editor of The Times of Northwest Indiana also was a leader in his community.
Saturday's ceremony was at Indiana University Bloomington.
Reserve tickets now for the induction banquet.
Hodges University to honor IJHF member.
Long-time Star managing editor was 88.
Journal Gazette publisher was inducted in 1991.
New members will be inducted in an April ceremony.
The hall conducted its annual ceremony April 27 at Indiana University.
Reserve your spot now for the 2013 Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame induction banquet.
Ceremony is April 27 at Indiana University.
New members will be inducted April 26, 2013.
Pulitzer Prize-winner wrote for The Washington Post more than 40 years.
Tom Mayhill was Inducted into hall of fame in 1991.
IJHF secretary Scarlett Syse now oversees four newspapers.
Honorees, families and colleagues celebrate during induction festivities at IU.
Reserve your spot now for the 2012 Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame induction banquet.
Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame member was 86.
Hall welcomes English, Salter, Trotter.
Learn about the Distinguished Service to Journalism Award.
Innovators, mentors, public access advocates.
NEW: View a photo slideshow of the ceremony.
Jack K. Overmyer, 85, died May 21.
Hoosier journalists gathered in Bloomington to celebrate.
Hall of Fame leaves Greencastle.


Proven approaches include healthful habits and some do-it-yourself strategies.
If you're over 50, you've probably noticed some changes in your ability to remember things. Maybe you've gone into the kitchen and can't remember why, or can't recall a familiar name during a conversation. You may even miss an appointment because it slipped your mind. Memory lapses can occur at any age, but we tend to get more upset by them as we get older because we fear they're a sign of dementia, or loss of intellectual function. Mostly, we fear Alzheimer's disease. The fact is, when significant memory loss occurs among older people, it is not due to aging but to organic disorders, brain injury, or neurological illness.


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dan Spieth fired a flawless 8-und
Thread: dan Spieth fired a flawless 8-und
Sydney, Australia (SportsNetwork.com) - American Jordan Spieth fired a flawless 8-under 63 on Sunday to win the Australian Open by six shots. Spieth, 21, finished at 13-under 271 to become the first American to win the tournament since Brad Faxon in 1993. Australian Rod Pampling led the home charge with a 68 in the final round to finish in second place at 7-under 265, while Adam Scott managed only an even-par 71 to come in fifth. Defending champion and world No. 1 Rory McIlroy finished 15 shots behind Spieth in a tie for 15th place. Cheap Jordan 11 Retro Australia . Price was hurt at the start of Wednesdays practice after facing just one shot as the team worked on their power play. He left the ice in discomfort and appeared to be favouring his leg. A Habs source told TSNs John Lu that Price suffered the injury in Sochi and not before the Olympics. Jordan 11 For Sale Australia . Louis Blues and Buffalo Sabres came to an agreement on a big trade that may only offer incremental improvement to the Blues in their quest for a Stanley Cup. http://www.cheapairjordan11australia.com/. There were no real chances until Augsburg broke the deadlock through Raul Bobadilla in the 33rd minute. Frankfurt failed to clear a cross and Bobadilla slotted home from close range at the far post. Wholesale Jordan Retro 11 . -- C.J. Wilson parked his car and laughed while signing autographs for faceless fans who handed bats, balls and cards to the pitcher from the other side of a brick wall. Air Jordan 11 Online Australia . Yet coming off consecutive series losses at St. Louis and Pittsburgh, Los Angeles needed some sort of spark as August approaches. The Dodgers found it in the ballpark of their biggest rival, and left the Bay Area in first place following an emphatic three-game swing.(SportsNetwork.com) - The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are a tough enough assignment when Mike Trout is his usual productive self. But when the outfielder is on a red-hot streak, it gets even more difficult. Trout and the Angels will return to Progressive Field in Cleveland on Wednesday night for the third encounter of a four-game series with the Indians. You can watch the game on TSN and TSN GO at 7pm et/4pm pt. The Angels had managed just two runs per game in a 1-4 stretch prior to Tuesday, but ended the drought with 15 hits in a 9-3 victory. Trout homered twice and drove in four runs, and is now batting .410 with eight homers and 26 runs batted in over his last 22 games. "Im being patient and squaring up some balls," Trout said. "Im not anxious. Im just comfortable." Facing the comfortable Trout is Clevelands less comfortable Justin Masterson, who was dinged for five runs in two innings of a 10-3 loss at Boston on Friday. It was the second-shortest start of his big-league career and his 5.05 earned run average for the season is a career worst as well. Prior to the loss to the Red Sox, hed compiled a 1.72 ERA in three starts. Last time out against the Angels, he allowed five runs in 7 1/3 innings of a 6-3 loss in April. Trout, incidentally, has four hits in eight career att-bats against him.dddddddddddd Cleveland had won 10 straight at home before Tuesday. "Weve really played very well for about the last month," the Tribes Carlos Santana said. "You want to win every time, but this was just one game." The Indians may again be without home run and RBI leader Michael Brantley, who missed Tuesday as a precaution after he was injured in Mondays game. Brantley passed a concussion test, but was shaky during pregame activities. The Angels start lefty C.J. Wilson, whos 1-3 in his last four starts while earning just one run of support in the three losses. He dropped a 4-3 decision to Atlanta in his last start on Friday. He was a 7-1 winner against Cleveland on April 30 and is 4-2 against the Indians in eight starts. Brantley is 1-for-14 against him in his career. On Tuesday, Kole Calhoun went 4-for-5 with a home run, two RBI and three runs scored, while Howie Kendrick also homered and drove in two for the Angels. Matt Shoemaker (4-1) lasted eight innings and gave up two runs on five hits with a walk and 10 strikeouts. Lonnie Chisenhall homered, while Santana and David Murphy each drove in a run for the Indians. Josh Tomlin (4-4) was beat up for six runs -- five earned -- on 11 hits over 5 1/3 innings. China NFL Jerseys Cheap Nike NFL Jerseys NFL Jerseys Cheap Wholesale NFL Jerseys Cheap Basketball Jerseys Online Stitched Hockey Jerseys Wholesale Baseball Jerseys Football Jerseys Outlet College Jerseys For Sale Cheap MLB Jerseys Wholesale Soccer Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys For Sale Wholesale NFL Jerseys ' ' '
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Mafia 3 will soon have an Xbox One X enhanced patch pushed out, with developer Hangar 13 recently talking about what resolution the game renders at on the Xbox One X, and whether there will be HDR patches for other platforms.
In an interview with WCCFTech and Andy Wilson, Executive Producer at Hangar 13, Wilson said: "The game renders at 3072×1728 and is then upscaled to 3840×2160, via a full 4K output buffer. We're not using any form of checkerboarding as we were able to get the performance we needed out of the console for the desired resolution, as well as the various additional graphical enhancements we've applied".
As for the HDR feature of Mafia 3 being updated and applied to the PS4 and PC versions of the game, Wilson said: "As of right now we only plan to release the HDR update for the Xbox One X-enhanced version of Mafia III".
There are graphics enhancements for the Xbox One X, with Wilson adding: "The two main differences with the Xbox One X version are a higher overall resolution and the addition of HDR. On top of this we have also improved graphical quality for various rendering features, including SSAO, Geometry Detail, Shadows and Volumetric Effects. We released a PS4 Pro patch for launch last year and continued to improve the game over the course of 2017, so the Pro version represents a big upgrade over the original at launch. For the release of the Xbox One X we wanted to revisit the game one last time and try to push the metal as hard as possible, something I think we've achieved pretty well!"


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Phan Dang Luu Street, Hue City
With a length of 740m, Phan Dang Luu Street from Tran Hung Dao street to Mai Thuc Loan road now has more than 212 shops and 25 households.
This road is one of the busiest streets in Phu Hoa ward, Hue City, with good infrastructure, and environmental sanitation, so this area is lovely to go shopping for electrical products, traditional herbs, and embroidery pictures.
History of Phan Dang Luu Shopping Street
If Hue has its long history, each street in this city also contains its transformations.
Formed in the late nineteenth century, undergoing many different names from Cua Dong Street, Gia Long Street, Phan Boi Chau Street, from 1977 to the present, the street has officially named Phan Dang Luu. With the nearly two-century history of this road will reveal many interesting things.
Phan Dang Luu Street was situated at a suitable location near Dong Ba Market and the old Citadel, so it has a lot of advantages to develop the business and trading.
Leather handicraft, porcelain, carpentry goods, and mainly traditional Chinese traditional medicine of Chinese families developed actively.
In parallel with Phan Dang Luu street is Huynh Thuc Khang street (formerly known as Hang Be street), which could come by waterway to Bao Vinh – the busy old town.
Those economic effects contributed to the establishment of the trading route of Phan Dang Luu. However, the only traditional medicine of Chinese people can maintain until now.
On the Phan Dang Luu Street, there are three historical sites which are noticeable, including:
The French-Vietnamese Dong Ba Primary School was built in 1905 at the beginning of Phan Dang Luu Street. French, Chinese, and Vietnamese were used to teach at this school. Also, Nguyen Sinh Cung (the former name of Ho Chi Minh) studied from 1906 – 1908.
The second noticeable site at this road is Ba Tuan Theater, which was built by the wife of Dang Ngoc Oanh in 1923; another name of this theater was Dong Xuan Lau ( the building forward the spring). This theater was a place showing Tuong, Cai Luong, which were loved by the local people. However, this relic disappeared; it just remained in the memories of some old-age people.
Another essential place is a bookstore which was used to be a secret site by Le Duan – a Vietnamese communist politician, a former General Secretary of Vietnam. At present, this relic is 141 Phan Dang Luu Street, Hue City, Vietnam.
Phan Dang Luu Street at present
Phan Dang Luu now has a new vitality and a modern look. Many shops sell modern products, including speakers, phones, washing machines, electricity lights… and here are some traditional medicine shops owned by the Chinese people.
Standing at the corner of Tran Hung Dao and Phan Dang Luu Street to look at it, we will find this street is different from other roads in Hue City: many marketing signs hang vertically next to the tall buildings, and Chinese characters still on few shops because the owners are the Chinese coming here to live for a long time.
Besides selling the main products of electronics, some shops sell worshipping items, tailor tools. All shops are ranged succinctly, which shows the high business skills and civilized style of the people living on this street.
And, a coffee shop on this street becomes famous for a lot of people in Hue City, which is Suu Café. This shop is opened from 4:30 am when it is still foggy, but people have sit full of tables.
All customers enjoy the coffee and early morning style under a big tree, and they feel happy to chat with each other.
During the day, Phan Dang Luu is busy to trade and active with the people coming and going out of the shops and the street.
At night, the color of business signs of the shops makes the road more colorful, mixing the old and recent life.
Like many other streets in Hue City, Phan Dang Luu is coming into the two dimensions of time, the old and new, the traditional and modern. These interplays happen every day on this road.
The relics of time, the nostalgic shadows, and old alleys mingle with the new breath of the street, creating the different look of Phan Dang Luu Street becoming a typical part of Hue City.


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Westminster Confidential
David Hencke's news, views, investigations and much more
My Career so far…
Seeking new trustees: The Migration Museum plans to broaden its appeal
Posted on April 18, 2021 by davidhencke
Museum Museum Poster
The Migration Museum – an innovative project to create the first permanent home for a museum in the United Kingdom devoted to a story that probably affects every person in the country – is looking for new trustees.
They will come at a time when the museum – at present in a temporary home in a shopping centre in Lewisham, south London is planning to boost its profile and move centre stage to highlight the issue and all its extraordinary facets.
As the prospectus for new trustees says
" Never before has there been stronger justification for there to be a welcoming and stimulating cultural institution – away from the polarising noise of politics and the media – to explore some of the most pressing issues of the day – migration, race, Brexit and our colonial past among them – in a richly aesthetic atmosphere of calm reflection."
Aim, Vision and Values
The projects aim, vision and values are summed up in three paragraphs:
"Our Mission is to deliver a popular, high-profile and accessible cultural institution, to which every person in the country can feel a sense of belonging and that puts Britain's migration story at centre stage.
"Our Vision is of a society in which we all (for we all have migration stories in our family past, if we dig a little) feel connected and represented in an essentially British shared migration story.
" Our Values are to promote tolerance, understanding, respect and participation, and to engender a real sense of representation, both beyond our organisation and within it. This means that we are strongly committed to promoting diversity and representation within our Board, not only to reflect the lived experience of our
audiences, but also to deliver role models for those who join, or aspire to join us, as trustees, employees, volunteers or collaborators. "
For the last few years the museum has already put on a number of exciting events – from recreating the Jungle camp ( and all the art) made by migrants in Calais to putting on a concert by Aeham Ahmad, the incredibly brave and talented pianist who played his piano on the streets of bombed out Yarmouk in Damascus until he was forced to flee by the Syrian dictator Assad to Germany.
More recently during the pandemic there has been a digital exhibition of migrants contribution to the NHS and a series of digital exhibitions telling the story of emigration from the UK and those who were left behind.
For those who might be interested the deadline for applications is May 3 and the prospectus and all the details are here.
I am one of 120 Distinguished Friends of the Migration Museum and am a strong supporter of the project. I have also written a number of stories on this blog on some of their past exhibitions. Here are a few of them.
Migration Museum You Tube Video on the NHS
https://davidhencke.com/2020/10/07/amazing-new-digital-exhibition-celebrating-how-migrants-around-the-world-came-to-the-aid-of-the-nhs/
–https://davidhencke.com/2016/06/10/why-all-the-uk-should-see-this-brilliant-exhibition-on-the-calais-jungle/
https://davidhencke.com/2014/10/12/what-have-the-germans-ever-given-us/
This entry was posted in coronavirus, equality, immigration, NHS, Uncategorized and tagged culture, migration, migration museum project. Bookmark the permalink.
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It is because the banks refuse to operate with the businesses involved in the commercial chain. The government seeks to mediate and solve the problem.
The sale of marijuana in pharmacies, a vital piece of the rule that legalized the cannabis market in Uruguay, ran into a complication: banks refuse to work with companies that participate in the production and marketing of the drug.
One of the 16 pharmacies that sold cannabis in Montevideo, capital of the country, gave up on doing so after Banco Santander warned that it could not continue operating with a trade. Other pharmacies have already been informed that their accounts will be closed if they do not stop selling marijuana.
"The decisions of linking clients are made locally, and within the current policy, in this line, we have decided not to participate in this area as we do not participate in others," said sources at Banco Santander according to a communication sent to The Associated Press by the company that manages its communication in Uruguay.
Also, the state bank Banco República, the largest in the country, told pharmacies that they must close the accounts of those selling marijuana.
Senator José Mujica, who was president when the marijuana market was legalized in 2013, demanded that the authorities solved the problem and threatened to "lock" Parliament if that does not happen.
Although there is a law that enabled and regularized the market for this drug in Uruguay, the marijuana trade is still illegal in most of the world, so banks in countries where it is prohibited cannot accept money from such activity. As explained to the AP by authority of the government's economic team, whose name can not be disclosed because they are not authorized to make statements, Uruguayan banks could jeopardize their links and correspondent positions with international banks if they do not know that regulation.
Some California stores that sell medical marijuana legally have a problem similar to that of Uruguayan pharmacies because they can not access the banking system because that business is still illegal at the federal level in the United States.
In Uruguay it is difficult for a company to have no access to the financial system since the salaries of the employees must be deposited in a bank account due to a legal obligation, being forbidden the payment in cash or checks.
The offer of cannabis in drug stores started on July 19. Before all else, there were 4,959 enrolled customers, yet the number rose to 12,460, as per the Cannabis Regulation, and Control Institute give the recent figures.
The system began to operate with only 16 pharmacies registered to sell marijuana throughout the country and only four in Montevideo, a city with almost a million and a half inhabitants. The pharmacy that was deleted from the system was one of four in the capital.
After registering at a post office each user can access 40 grams of the substance each month. To record, you must be over 18 and be an Uruguayan citizen or have legal residence in the country. The price of the gram of marijuana was set at the equivalent of $ 1.30.
Buyers can go to the pharmacies without needing to mention their name or present documents since it is enough for them to verify that they are registered in the registry of the state institute.


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OSE Regional Charter/Europe Correspondence
< OSE Regional Charter
1 Correspondence on Creating an OSE Europe
1.1 Will Cleaver - 7/3/11
1.2 Marcin Jakubowski - 3/7/11
1.3 Nikolay Georgiev - 7/4/11
1.4 Mark Norton - 7/4/11
1.5 Robert Anteau - 7/4/11
Correspondence on Creating an OSE Europe
Will Cleaver - 7/3/11
Hi Marcin,
We are about ready to register OSE Europe as a foundation.
The summary of OSEE can be found on the mindmap. All we need is the go ahead form you and to know if you have any questions, suggestions of objections?
Marcin Jakubowski - 3/7/11
I'd like to see a charter, so the accountability remains full to the mission of OSE. I'd like it to be a branch of OSE International, the standards-maintenance body that I should head. I like Mark's OSE International idea.
Can you produce the charter for OSEE, and I can sign off on it? Basic principles would be: adherence to ose goals as determined by OSE International; allocation of funding to prototyping under OSE International directorship; revocability at any time upon violations of duties.
For the period of now till year-end 2012, unless otherwise noted, I'd like to direct the project to completion - ie, all prototypes up to full product release. From then on, we can reevaluate where we stand - when the enabling toolkit is available. My only concern is endless discussion on the exact choice of tools - as opposed to building them out and seeing if they really work - that is perhaps the number one nonproductive time sink I run into all the time. To address this, I would like to remain at the Chief Technical Director position (prioritization of allocation of resources to development priorities, with assistance of advisory board), unless of course there are others who demonstrate the merit to take this role.
So prototyping can take place anywhere, but results must be tested as a complete package in one place, such as Factor e Farm, to test the completeness criterion of the OSE package. Some mechanism should be set up for this - complete fabrication documentation and BOMs would suffice.
Nikolay Georgiev - 7/4/11
what we are trying to do is more like a Regional Group by your definition - OSE Europe. and if we buy land and prototype then we become a Local Chapter, is that correct?
As a Regional Group we are promoting OSE by allocating funds and finding collaborators in Europe. We are also organizing OSE networking events in Europe.
As a Local Chapter we are either connecting locally and presenting OSE locally, or/and we are prototyping and/or building OSE machines locally.
So what we need now is a Charter for the Regional Group - OSE Europe.
Mark Norton - 7/4/11
> what we are trying to do is more like a Regional Group by your definition - OSE Europe. > and if we buy land and prototype then we become a Local Chapter, is that correct?
Yes, that is correct. OSE Europe would be a part of OSE International focused on the promotion of OSE concepts and goals in European countries. As such, it's activities would include:
Encouraging the formation of local OSE chapters within it's region and coordinating their operation.
Representing OSE at European events (like you did with the Open Knowledge Conference recently)
Organizing, sponsoring, and hosting OSE conferences, faires, regional meetings, etc.
Govern OSE projects specific to Europe (like the OSE village in Europe)
Raise funds to support both European OSE efforts, and OSE International ones - like the GVCS projects.
Local chapters and villages are similar in their relationship to OSE as a whole, but there are some differences in focus and goals. Local chapters allow people to meet face to face on a local basis. So folks in Berlin might decide they want to be a local chapter, get together, talk about OSE stuff, maybe build one of the GVCS tools as a group. Note that a local chapter also eases some of the language challenges we face as an international organization - the Berlin chapter would naturally conduct their meetings and local work in German.
OSE Europe's desire to create an OSE village is wonderful, and is an appropriate project for OSE Europe as an OSE Regional organization to do. After we set up OSE Europe as a regional group within OSE International, I would suggest that you establish the village as a project (http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Starting_an_OSE_Project covers technical projects, but can be adapted to other kinds of projects - more writing is needed on this topic). The village project would include:
Land search
Start-up planning
Training (leadership, governance, participation, etc.)
To illustrate the relationship of the new village to OSE Europe, let us assume for a moment that the village fully launched (big party, buildings under construction, fields getting cleared, etc). For the sake of illustration, let's assume the village will be based on land purchased about 30 km south of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. We'll call the village Hoopdorp (village of hope in dutch).
Hoopdorp would be chartered as a local OSE chapter with the focus of living the principles of OSE. Creating a local chapter in the new village establishes an organizational relationship to OSE Europe and OSE International. While the governance structure of the new village is separate from the Hoopdorp OSE chapter (likely needed for legal reasons), there is a high overlap in the participants.
While I'm on the subject of OSE villages. I would encourage you to have a look at http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Karmic_Debt_for_OSE_Villages. All OSE villages will need help getting started. Once launched, the have a kind of debt to those who helped them get started. Instead of repaying that debt to those people (such as OSE Europe), we should charge them to help 3 or more other villages get started - any where in the world.
> As a Regional Group we are promoting OSE by allocating funds and finding collaborators in Europe. > We are also organizing OSE networking events in Europe.
Yes, that's right. As Marcin pointed out in his previous message, OSE International will be focused (in part) on building out the GVCS technology, prototypes, and tools. OSE Europe can help that effort in a number of ways:
Gathering funds to fuel GVCS development
Watching for talented people and recommending them to a GVCS development team
Making GVCS tools in Europe to further test the concepts, designs, and build instructions
Promoting the use of GVCS technologies in Europe at events, to other organizations, etc.
Hopefully you can see that OSE Europe is a very important part of OSE International and essential to it's overall growth. As the OSE movement grows, scaling the organization and dealing with that growth will be a mission-critical process. By off-loading some of the administration work for European chapters, events, etc., it frees OSE International to pursue it's primary goals: developing the GVCS technologies and coordinating global efforts.
> As a Local Chapter we are either connecting locally and presenting OSE locally, or/and we are prototyping and/or building OSE machines locally.
I think it might be better to say that we are talking about the formation of an OSE regional organization for Europe that will (as part of it's duties) will foster the creation of local chapters that might engage in prototyping and building. The hierarchical structure we are assembling (International - Regional Group - Local Chapters) pushes activities that require hands-on work and face to face meetings downwards, and pushes coordination efforts upwards.
> So what we need now is a Charter for the Regional Group - OSE Europe.
I have created a skeleton charter document at http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/OSE_Regional_Charter. It might serve as the start of a regional charter draft. I would be happy to work with you on the further development of a the OSE Europe charter document.
I have also created the draft of the European Regional Charter at http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/OSE_Regional_Charter/Europe. Let's make this a bit more transparent and work on the language of the charter document there.
Robert Anteau - 7/4/11
By law we will have to create a charter and the foundation will have to adhere to that charter. Unless there is an existing entity called OSE International, the foundation could not be attached to it. We can however create positions in the foundation with responsibilities. For example you as Chief Technical Director could decide where the funds allocated for development by the OSEE are spent, i.e. which project gets funding.
We could state that in the charter. I have been under the assumption so far that we are not going to be busy with development but that we would initially create products to sell to raise money with and in the process of building you could see small incremental improvements.
What would you like to be revocable? The OSEE? Would you like to have the ability to dissolve the Foundation?
I think it will be easier at this point to create a foundation with a Charter states the goals and objectives of the movement in general. Then when an OSE International comes about make some changes in the charter to tie it together. I do agree that we need to get a draft charter to you as soon as possible.
By law we will have to create a charter and the foundation will
have to adhere to that charter. Unless there is an existing entity
called OSE International,
What about OSE itself? We are currently an unincorporated project under the fiscal sponsorship of Terra Foundation in the US.
the foundation could not be attached to
it. We can however create positions in the foundation with
responsibilities. For example you as Chief Technical Director could
decide where the funds allocated for development by the OSEE are
spent, i.e. which project gets funding. We could state that in the
charter. I have been under the assumption so far that we are not
going to be busy with development but that we would initially
create products to sell
What do you mean? You want to be a fabricator organization?
There's ony full release. It was my impression that the goal would be simply to raise money to develop products -funded via nonprofit sector. Remember that we don't have much to offer yet - you're putting the cart before the horse.
to raise money with and in the process of
building you could see small incremental improvements. What would
you like to be revocable?
The charter in case of not adhering to core mission - such as core mission of DEVELOPMENT until year end 2012. I think it's premature to talk of sales right now in general - we have 1/50th the product. Once the products are there, we are talking of world change, but it takes the development of the products first - so all other discussion in my opinion is misdirected.
The OSEE? Would you like to have the
ability to dissolve the Foundation?
Once again, to cut any discussion off at the knees if that does not lead to prototypes and GVCS completion. We need to be absolutely clear on this point - as I've said, this has been the major sink in the project, where people love to talk about all types of things while forgetting that we're after a buildout of prototypes.
The movement needs to be aligned right now at the prototyping/package completion. Everyone needs to understand that the true power of the set comes from the 50 tools being available, not a subset thereof. That is one of the core elements- sufficiency - that makes the package relevant to societal disruption.
I think it will be easier at
this point to create a foundation with a Charter states the goals
and objectives of the movement in general. Then when an OSE
International comes about make some changes in the charter to tie
it together. I do agree that we need to get a draft charter to you
as soon as possible.
I thought a couple of things as trivial requirements for OSE branches:
1. A charter group of 3-4 as Mark says. 2. Subscription as a True Fan ($10/month membership dues) 3. Until 2012 year-end, agreement to stick to the GVCS 50 - see GVCS
For official 'OSE Facilities' or 'Villages', we should keep true to the vision, not water it down like the ecovillage movement is watered down today (people working for the man checking out into an ecological setting while the world burns).
For an 'OSE Facility' to hold that renown, I'd like to have it as
'Directly testing the feasibility of village-scale postscarcity creation - ie, a relatively complete economy created as a disruptive force in human cultural advancement' - not some bullshit where the village uses LifeTrac and calls itself an OSE facility.
The core vision is defined as demonstrating the feasibility of a new way of living. So the experimental community must be engaged in active progress toward creating a complete economy focused on local resources, allowing trade for exotics, and contributing to the greater global cultural and scientific advancement.
I think the standards should be high and clear - otherwise we're just watering down the OSE concept.
Once again, let's align around the timing:
Till 2012 year end - prototyping the complete GVCS; approximate $2M budget required. 2012-2014 - prototyping a single or multiple real village based on the GVCS. It's a brave experiment, not to be confused with watered-down implementations as I suggest above. It's not for everybody, it's to test the limits of human experience and capacity. We can reevaluate at year end 2014 - for now, there's plenty to do.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/index.php?title=OSE_Regional_Charter/Europe_Correspondence&oldid=32827"


text:
Various Environmental Stimuli Theories
Helicobacter Pylori And Rosacea
By Admin, February 2, 2011 in Helicobacter Pylori
H Pylori (Helicobacter Pylori) has been a controversy with rosacea for some time now. Some experts dismiss H Pylori's role in rosacea and yet it remains a controversy since other rosacea experts continue to discuss H Pylori as a possible factor in rosacea. The reason why this is such a controversy is that treatment for H Pyori eradication improves rosacea is so many cases. For example, "This study was designed to examine the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection verified by 13C-UTB-test, CLO, Hp culture and serology (IgG) in patients with rosacea....The eradication of Hp leads to a dramatic improvement of symptoms of rosacea and reduction in related gastrointestinal symptoms, gastritis, hypergastrinemia and gastric acid secretion; and 3) Rosacea could be considered as one of the major extragastric symptoms of Hp infection probably mediated by Hp-related cytotoxins and cytokines." [20]
Gastrointestinal Rosacea
When treatment for rosacea improves by treating for gastrointestinal issues, i.e., eradicating H Pylori, it is called Gastrointestinal Rosacea [GR].
H Pylori
A report published by Dovepress in May 2017 says about H Pylori, "There is not sufficient evidence regarding how determinant the role of H. pylori is." [16] Another report on this subject published in the J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol also in May 2017 "found weak associations between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection as well as an effect of Helicobacter pylori therapy on rosacea symptoms." [15]
A report in 2013 states, "There still proves to find a correlation of Hp infection with patients with rosacea but it can still be hypothesised as a cutaneous manifestation of an internal peptic ulcer disease." [11]
A report in January 2010 states that "Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in the pathogenesis of extradigestive diseases such as acne rosacea…" A report by Mc Leer, Lacey and Powell in 2009 listed H Pylori as a possible factor in the pathophysiology in rosacea.
Another report in 2012 concluded:
"We concluded that H. pylori has a significant role in rosacea patients who had dyspeptic symptoms. The PPR type is more influenced by H. pylori and this is regarded as being because of certain virulent strains that increase the inflammatory response in gastric mucosa and also in cutaneous lesions." [9]
One report in 2003 suggests "some form of relationship between rosacea and H. pylori infection." Two reports in 1996 suggested H Pylori's role in rosacea with titles such as "Eradication of Helicobacter pylori as the only successful treatment in rosacea" and "Acne rosacea and Helicobacter pylori betrothed." Rebora suggested in 1995 that the "role of H. pylori is more probable in erythrotic rosacea than in its papulopustular and granulomatous stages." [1] These are just a few reports suggesting H Pylori as a factor in rosacea.
When you consider the fact that H Pylori was 'officially' discovered in 1986 by Drs Marshall and Warren in Australia who both won the Nobel Prize in 2005 for this discovery and changed the textbooks about how bacteria can survive in the human stomach and its relation to ulcers and other gastric problems and the fact that this gram negative bacteria is considered an infection that half the world's population is carrying with most being totally asymptomatic it is a wonder that anyone can even connect H Pylori with rosacea at all. Yet the reports on H Pylori and rosacea keep coming out despite the fact that many reports negate H Pylori's role in rosacea.
While there are many older reports suggesting H Pylori having some role in rosacea, newer reports dismiss this role. For instance, the late Dr. Kligman noted H Pylori's controversial role in rosacea in his 2003 report. [2]
A report released in 2002 mentions 'promising recent reports of beneficial H. pylori eradication' in many cutaneous skin diseases except rosacea. [3]
A study published in May 2010 concluded, "There is no association between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea in current study." [4]
Nevertheless, there are reports of H Pylori associated with rosacea indicating that eradicating H Pylori clears rosacea and discuss the possible cutaneous pathology of H Pylori to an autoimmune mechanism. A report in 2009 says, a "few case reports have documented associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea." [5]
What is H Pylori and how does it relate to rosacea?
H Pylori is a gram negative bacteria that is considered an infection and harmful to humans.
According to one report, "more than 50% of the human population have long-term Helicobacter pylori infection." [3] Wikipedia says that the diagnosis of H Pylori is done with different tests that are not failsafe and sometimes results in false positives. How anyone can know for sure that 50% of the human population is infected with H Pylori is quite suspect. The percentage of 'infection' of H Pylori, if indeed it is an infection, may be more or less than 50% .
According to Wikipedia, "Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can inhabit various areas of the stomach, particularly the antrum. It causes a chronic low-level inflammation of the stomach lining and is strongly linked to the development of duodenal and gastric ulcers and stomach cancer. Over 80% of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic."
So, if 80% of individuals are asymptomatic and they only discovered H Pylori in 1986 how do they know that H Pylori is a human pathogen? There is an amusing article, "So, What's Your Problem with Gram-Negative Bacteria??," that gets you thinking. Do you really think that medical science knows everything about H Pylori in a little over twenty years? Obviously sometimes H Pylori is a human pathogen and runs amuck causing us problems. But in 80% of individuals H Pylori is asymptomatic and obviously is in the stomach for some reason, possibly for some nefarious purpose such as an ulcer, but it is quite possible for some beneficial purpose as well. Could it be possible that a gram negative bacteria serves some useful purpose that as yet hasn't been discovered? For instance, E. coli can help people and animals to digest food and help in providing vitamins but sometimes runs amuck causing some serious food poisoning. Could H Pylori have some beneficial yet undiscovered function for humans yet sometimes cause issues like E. coli does?
Could H Pylori be asymptomatic because it is helping us for some reason yet undiscovered, and sometimes for some yet undiscovered reason turns into a monster that causes problems like ulcers and rosacea?
SIBO has been associated with rosacea with gram negative bacteria associated with it such as H Pylori. One report says, "Gastric acid suppresses the growth of ingested bacteria, thereby limiting bacterial counts in the upper small intestine. Diminished acid production (hypochlorhydria) is a risk factor for SIBO, and can develop after colonization with Helicobacter pylori or as a consequence of aging. [6]
Gram Negative Folliculitis, a rosacea mimic, is an acne condition caused by Gram-negative organisms which usually develops in patients who have received systemic antibiotics for prolonged periods. This is quite odd when you consider that eradicating H Pylori, a gram negative bacterium, clears rosacea in some cases. This certainly raises some questions about using long term antibiotic treatment for rosacea, doesn't it? More info on the long term antibiotic risks you should consider.
Since eradicating H Pylori involves the use of antibiotics it would be difficult to really know if the H Pylori is truly a factor in rosacea since antibiotics have been used for many years to successfully treat rosacea. If it were possible to eradicate H Pylori without using antibiotics and rosacea clears up, then, there would be some substantial evidence of H Pylori being a factor in rosacea
According to Wikipedia, "The standard first-line therapy is a one week "triple therapy" consisting of a proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, Lansoprazole and the antibiotics clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Variations of the triple therapy have been developed over the years…" Since antibiotics are usually used in the eradication of H Pylori you can see why it would be difficult to know whether the clearing of rosacea is due to the eradication of the H Pylori or simply because antibiotics have been used successfully to treat rosacea for over fifty years.
Nevertheless, there are anecdotal reports that treatment for gastric problems has cleared rosacea.
For instance, one anecdotal report suggests that after treating a patient with gastritis and evidence of GERD that the rosacea cleared. [7] According to Wikipedia, "In 1999, a review of existing studies found that, on average, 40% of GERD patients also had H Pylori infection. The eradication of H. pylori can lead to an increase in acid secretion, leading to the question of whether H. pylori-infected GERD patients are any different than non-infected GERD patients. A double-blind study, reported in 2004, found no clinically significant difference between these two types of patients with regard to the subjective or objective measures of disease severity."
A few other anecdotal reports have suggested digestive issues related to their rosacea. [8] There may be other anecdotal reports suggesting H Pylori eradication clears rosacea which I plan on adding to this page. If you have thoughts on this subject I suggest you post them here.
Bonnie [10] reports that in Dr. Jonathan V. Wright's NUTRITION & HEALING Newsletter, February 2010, Getting to the root of Rosacea - in your stomach, Dr. Wright is reported to have said:
"It's sad that information about the very common connection between acne rosacea and low stomach acid has been lost. In 1948, an article about Rosacea in a major medical journal stated that "every Dermatologist knows" about this connection. In 2009, hardly any dermatolgists know about it. It's also important to note that 2/3 of individuals with Rosacea are actually infected with Helicobacter Pylori bacteria, a common cause of low stomach acid." This report cites no clinical papers on this subject.
A report in 2006 concluded, "based upon these results, the relation between Helicobacter pylori and rosacea is supported, and infection should be investigated in these patients because an appreciable percentage of patients diagnosed with rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection can benefit from eradication therapy, mainly in the papulopustular subtype." [12]
"H. pylori appears contribute to several inflammatory skin diseases. Rosacea is the most common skin disease potentially associated with H. pylori. In one study, H. pylori was present in 81% of rosacea patients who also had gastric complaints, and almost all of those patients harbored cagA+ strains. A similar Egyptian study found that both cagA and the s1m1 allele of vacA were more prevalent in papular rosacea patients. The papular rosacea patients responded better to eradication therapy than the erythematous rosacea patients. A limited study of ocular rosacea patients reports that the seven ocular rosacea patients responded better to H. pylori eradication therapy than did rosacea patients without ocular symptoms." [13]
"H. pylori has proven to be a more complex pathogen than early research indicated. Multiple surface carbohydrate structures, outer membrane proteins, and toxins interact to modify host cell signaling and the immune response.....Thirty years after its discovery, H. pylori remains an enigmatic pathogen with many secrets yet to be revealed." [13]
"The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was also found to be higher in patients with rosacea than in controls [70]. However, other studies have failed to demonstrate a relationship between H. pylori and rosacea [14].
"This meta-analysis found weak associations between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection as well as an effect of Helicobacter pylori therapy on rosacea symptoms, albeit that these did not reach statistical significance. Whether a pathogenic link between the two conditions exists, or whether Helicobacter pylori infection represents a proxy for other factors remains unknown." [15]
"Although a possible pathogenetic link between H. pylori and rosacea is advocated by many authors, evidence is still interpreted differently by others." [17]
"Of 167 patients, 150 received H. pylori eradication therapy, demonstrating a 92% (138/150) cure rate.....The present study concluded that H. pylori eradication leads to improvement of rosacea." [18]
"Prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in patients with rosacea than control group, whereas SIBO prevalence was comparable between the two groups. Eradication of H. pylori infection led to a significant improvement of skin symptoms in rosacea patients." [29]
H Pylori Causes Low Gastric Acid
It is has been known for some time that H Pylori reduces gastric acid. You should read this post about Low Gastric Acid and Rosacea.
[1] Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune disease such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Ohta M.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 2010 Jan;84(1):1-8
The pathophysiology of rosacea.
Mc Aleer MA, Lacey N, Powell FC
G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Dec;144(6):663-71.
Helicobacter pylori and rosacea.
Zandi S, Shamsadini S, Zahedi MJ, Hyatbaksh M
East Mediterr Health J. 2003 Jan-Mar;9(1-2):167-71.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori as the only successful treatment in rosacea
Kolibásová K, Tóthová I, Baumgartner J, Filo V.
Arch Dermatol. 1996 Nov;132(11):1393.
Acne rosacea and Helicobacter pylori betrothed
Wolf R.
Int J Dermatol. 1996 Apr;35(4):302-3
May Helicobacter pylori be important for dermatologists?
Rebora A, Drago F, Parodi A.
Dermatology. 1995;191(1):6-8
[2] A Personal Critique on the State of Knowledge of Rosacea
Albert M. Kligman, M.D., Ph.D.
[3] Helicobacter pylori infection in skin diseases: a critical appraisal.
Wedi B, Kapp A.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(4):273-82.
[4] Risk factors associated with rosacea.
Abram K, Silm H, Maaroos HI, Oona M.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 May;24(5):565-71. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
[5] Helicobacter pylori infection and dermatologic diseases.
HERNANDO-HARDER AC, BOOKEN N, GOERDT S, SINGER MV, HARDER H.
Eur J Dermatol. 2009 Sep-Oct;19(5):431-44. Epub 2009 Jun 15.
[6] Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Comprehensive Review
Andrew C. Dukowicz, MD, Brian E. Lacy, PhD, MD, and Gary M. Levine, MD
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Volume 3, Issue 2 February 2007
[7]ice2meetyu's report July 4, 2010
[8] Rosacea and digestive problems
[9] Role of Helicobacter pylori in common rosacea subtypes: A genotypic comparative study of Egyptian patients.
El-Khalawany M, Mahmoud A, Mosbeh AS, Abd Alsalam F, Ghonaim N, Abou-Bakr A.
J Dermatol. 2012 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01675.x
[10] Bonnie's report at RSG
[11] Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2012 Oct-Dec;10(40):49-52.
The study of prevalence of helicobacter pylori in patients with acne rosacea.
Bhattarai S, Agrawal A, Rijal A, Majhi S, Pradhan B, Dhakal SS.
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
[12] REV ESP ENFERM DIG (Madrid) Vol. 98. N.° 7, pp. 501-509, 2006
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in rosacea patients
D. Boixeda de Miquel, M. Vázquez Romero, E. Vázquez Sequeiros, J. R. Foruny Olcina, P. Boixeda de Miquel1, A. López San Román, S. Alemán Villanueva and C. Martín de Argila de Prados
[13] World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep 28; 20(36): 12781–12808.
Published online 2014 Sep 28. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12781, PMCID: PMC4177463
Beyond the stomach: An updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Traci L Testerman and James Morris
[14] Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Sep; 17(9): 1562.
Published online 2016 Sep 15. doi: 10.3390/ijms17091562, PMCID: PMC5037831
Rosacea: Molecular Mechanisms and Management of a Chronic Cutaneous Inflammatory Condition
Yu Ri Woo, Ji Hong Lim, Dae Ho Cho, and Hyun Jeong Park, Chris Jackson, Academic Editor
[15] Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 May 23. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14352
Rosacea is associated with Helicobacter pylori: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jørgensen AR, Egeberg A, Gideonsson R, et al.
[16] Dovepress
Rosacea and Helicobacter pylori: links and risks
Elizabeth Lazaridou, Chrysovalantis Korfitis, Christina Kemanetzi, Elena Sotiriou, Zoe Apalla, Efstratios Vakirlis, Christina Fotiadou, Aimilios Lallas, Demetrios Ioannides
[17] Rosacea and Helicobacter pylori: links and risks.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;10:305-310
Lazaridou E, Korfitis C, Kemanetzi C, Sotiriou E, Apalla Z, Vakirlis E, Fotiadou C, Lallas A, Ioannides D
[18] J Dermatol. 2017 Sep;44(9):1033-1037. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13878. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori treatment on rosacea: A single-arm clinical trial study.
Saleh P, Naghavi-Behzad M, Herizchi H, Mokhtari F, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Piri R.
[19] United European Gastroenterol J. 2015 Feb;3(1):17-24. doi: 10.1177/2050640614559262.
Helicobacter pylori infection but not small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may play a pathogenic role in rosacea.
Gravina A1, Federico A1, Ruocco E2, Lo Schiavo A2, Masarone M3, Tuccillo C1, Peccerillo F2, Miranda A1, Romano L1, de Sio C1, de Sio I1, Persico M3, Ruocco V2, Riegler G1, Loguercio C1, Romano M1.
[20] J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999 Dec;50(5):777-86.
Helicobacter pylori and its eradication in rosacea.
Szlachcic A1, Sliwowski Z, Karczewska E, Bielański W, Pytko-Polonczyk J, Konturek SJ.
[21] A symptom of Helicobacter pylori infection which neutralizes and decreases secretion of gastric acid to aid its survival in the stomach. Wikipedia
Gastroenterology. 1997 Jul;113(1):15-24.
Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion.
El-Omar EM1, Oien K, El-Nujumi A, Gillen D, Wirz A, Dahill S, Williams C, Ardill JE, McColl KE.


text:
Cornwall and West Plymouth était une circonscription du Parlement européen couvrant les Cornouailles et Plymouth en Angleterre. Avec Somerset and North Devon, c'était l'une des deux premieres circonscriptions à élire un MEPs libéral-démocrate au Parlement européen.

Avant l'adoption uniforme de la représentation proportionnelle en 1999, le Royaume-Uni utilisait le système uninominal à un tour pour les élections européennes en Angleterre, en Écosse et au pays de Galles. Les conscriptions du Parlement européen utilisées dans ce système étaient plus petites que les circonscriptions régionales les plus récentes et ne comptaient chacune qu'un seul membre au Parlement européen.

Limites

La circonscription se composait des circonscriptions du Parlement de Westminster de Falmouth and Camborne, North Cornwall, Plymouth Devonport, Plymouth Drake, St Ives, South East Cornwall et Truro.

Cornwall and West Plymouth a été créé en 1994 pour remplacer Cornwall and Plymouth. Il est devenu une partie de la circonscription beaucoup plus grande de l'Angleterre du Sud-Ouest en 1999.

Membre du Parlement européen

Résultats des élections
Les candidats élus sont indiqués en gras.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Circonscriptions britanniques aux élections européennes
 Élections du Parlement européen

Lien externe
 David Boothroyd's Résultats des élections au Royaume-Uni

Politique en Cornouailles
Politique dans le Devon
Circonscription aux élections européennes au Royaume-Uni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia