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Raymond Eddé, né le  à Alexandrie, et mort le  à Paris (France), est un avocat et homme politique libanais.

Parcours politique
Fils d'Émile Eddé, Président du Liban de 1936 à 1941, auquel il succéda à la tête du Bloc national libanais (BNL), en 1949. Élu au parlement en 1953, il reste député de Jbeil jusqu'en 1992.

Il est l'initiateur de plusieurs lois, dont les plus importantes sont celles sur le secret bancaire, les bâtiments de luxe, le compte joint, l'abolition de l'impôt sur les terres cultivables et celles sur l'enrichissement illicite et les libertés publiques. Il est deux fois ministre, dans deux ministères appelés de salut public à la suite des évènements de 1958 et de 1969 ; il démissionne en 1959, refusant les ingérences du deuxième bureau dans les affaires étatiques et politiques du pays et en 1969, après l'attaque par l'aviation israélienne des avions civils de la Middle East Airlines sur le tarmac de l'aéroport de Beyrouth et après que le Conseil des Ministres s'est opposé à sa proposition de faire appel aux Casques Bleus des Nations unies. Il a participé activement en 1959, sous la présidence de Fouad Chéhab, à la réforme et la modernisation des institutions étatiques et a réclamé dès 1964, la présence des Forces de maintien de la paix des Nations unies entre le Liban et Israël, à la suite de la décision de la Ligue Arabe d'aménager le Jourdain et ses affluents, tout particulièrement le Hasbani et le Wazzani et puis, à la suite de l'attaque israélienne sur l'aéroport de Beyrouth en 1969.

Action
Il refuse, avec les députés de son parti, d'avaliser l'Accord du Caire de 1969 donnant entre autres, le droit aux combattants palestiniens de mener une lutte armée contre Israël à partir du territoire libanais. Il s'oppose en outre, en 1976 à l'entrée des troupes syriennes au Liban et en 1978 et 1982 à l'occupation israélienne, lançant différents appels à la résistance face aux occupants et refusant par la suite, les accords du  signé avec Israël, Tripartite signé sous l'égide de la Syrie et de Taëf, confirmant la tutelle syrienne sur le Liban.
Il se déclare candidat à la Présidence de la République à deux reprises, mais le Parlement libanais préfère choisir Fouad Chéhab en 1958, soutenu par l'accord américano-égyptien, - voir le procès-verbal de la séance parlementaire de l'élection de Fouad Chéhab -; et Elias Sarkis en 1976, avec l'appui des Américains, des Syriens et des palestiniens, - voir la presse locale -.
Il ne prend pas part à la guerre civile du Liban (1975-1990), condamnant toute atteinte à la souveraineté du Liban y compris celle émanant des Palestiniens; s'opposant par devant les Instances internationales, le Vatican et les Grandes Puissances, à l'occupation israélienne, tout en dénonçant la tutelle syrienne sur le Liban à partir de 1976.

Exil
À la suite de plusieurs tentatives d'assassinat, il s'exile à Paris en 1977 où il continue son action politique et diplomatique dont l'objectif primordial était de recouvrer la souveraineté du Liban.

Il meurt à Paris le , 15 jours avant le retrait des troupes israéliennes du sud Liban. Surnommé la conscience du Liban - voir la presse locale, les articles du Nahar et de l'Orient-le Jour et l'Oraison Funèbre du Patriarche Maronite -.
Après son décès, son neveu Carlos Eddé fut élu à la tête du Bloc national libanais.

Articles connexes
 Dominique Eddé

Liens externes

Notes et références

Personnalité politique libanaise
Maronites
Naissance en mars 1913
Naissance à Alexandrie
Décès en mai 2000
Décès dans le 7e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 87 ans
Personnalité de la guerre du Liban


Occupational therapy (OT) is an evidence based practice deeply rooted in science and the only profession that helps people across the lifespan do the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of daily activities (occupations).
Pediatric OTs specialize in improving a child's ability to fully engage in his or her childhood occupation of play.
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Pediatric OTs have a distinct skill set making them particularly adept at understanding how toys can be used as tools to help any child achieve new milestones of growth and development.
My child is over the age of 5; can I still buy a Signature Toy Box?
Our Signature Toy Box is currently designed for children age 0-5. If you're interested in the possibility of purchasing a Toy Box for a child over the age of 5, please let us know by clicking below.
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Why focus on age 0-5?
A child's brain develops most rapidly in the first few years of their lives. During this time, it is essential to expose your children to toys and experiences which challenge them to learn and grow. Our goal is to impact as many children as possible during this crucial period of their lives!
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Absolutely! Please provide us with details about your child in the "Order notes" section at checkout so we can further customize his or her questionnaire. We may contact you if we have follow-up questions prior to emailing their developmental profile.
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Each Signature Toy Box includes a diverse selection of fun, purposeful toys that are almost exclusively low-tech. Toys meeting these criteria have the greatest potential to engage your child's imagination and accelerate their development. We independently source every one of our toys, and our OTs are free to choose any toy that best meets the needs of your child – regardless of manufacturer.
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Absolutely not! Your child should never receive the same toy. Additionally, we try to avoid a situation where a younger sibling receives the same toy as their older brother or sister. Having said that, essential toys we provide – e.g. crayons, markers, bubbles, etc. – may be repeated from time to time.
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Our Signature Toy Boxes are currently designed for children age 0-5. If you're interested in the possibility of purchasing a Signature Toy Box for a child over the age of 5, please let us know by clicking below.
Absolutely! Please provide us with details about your child in the "Order notes" section at checkout so we can further customize his or her questionnaire. We may contact you if we have follow-up questions prior to emailing their questionnaire.
When I order another Signature Toy Box for my child(ren), will they ever receive the same toy?
If you have any other questions, please contact us at [email protected].


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UAVaid Partners With Cornwall Airport Newquay For First Capability Event
Aerospace Cornwall announced today it has partnered with Drone operator UAVAid to launch the first UAS flight from Cornwall Airport Newquay at a capability event in May 2019.
UAVAid will showcase its humanitarian Hansard drone platform at the event, the first UAS flight from Cornwall Airport Newquay. This UK developed drone is designed to fundamentally improve the way aid agencies can respond to large scale disasters and boost healthcare and economic development in the developing world. Each drone is capable of long range cargo delivery, live streaming aerial video and large area mapping, in low infrastructure contexts. This unique multi-role configuration allows it to perform a much wider range of tasks than traditional drones and at a cost affordable across the developing world.
UAVAid has been working with Aerospace Cornwall to assess the feasibility of moving its testing and manufacturing facilities to Cornwall. The UAS capability event will provide an opportunity for investors and industry to witness the Hansard as the first UAV to take off from Cornwall Airport Newquay. Cornwall provides an unrivalled environment for UAS testing over land and sea.
UAVAid co-founder, Daniel Ronen, said "We are delighted to be launch partner for the UAS capability event at Cornwall Airport Newquay. As the UK's leading developer of specialist multi-role drones for Humanitarian and International Development applications, the availability of such a facility in Cornwall will allow us to test, develop and showcase our next generation drone technology, in this country. This is of significant importance to us as we are committed to developing a thriving civil UAS industry in the UK, creating UK exports and high skill jobs, and ensuring that the UK helps shape the responsible development and use of UAV technology to best serve those most in need."
Al Titterington, Managing Director of Cornwall Airport Newquay, said: "This is an exciting development and we look forward to working with UAVAid at the Airport to support their activities and enhance our own operating capabilities".
Full Press Release available here: UAVAid press release FINAL

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Impact Research NZ team provides a dynamic response to your research and development needs. We bring research expertise in health, education, social service policy and practice and community development. We work with:
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I have been gratefully privileged to be given the honor of caretaking after one of nature's best most endearing creations, the animal, the pet, the fur baby, the fuzzy child, the four legged family member, the cutest thing alive, the almighty dog! For ten years I raised a sweet platinum blonde Tea Cup Yorkie, and for five years as of today, I have been watching over an adorable Golden Labrador. Since I'm an only child, dogs have always been like mini brothers and sisters to me! I have dog sitted for a Yorkipoo, and when I brought the little fluffy pooch over I treated it like my own. Fed him, provided him with drinks, took him for tons of walks around my grassy green neighborhood, walked by the townhouse lake, watched television with him, cuddled him, bathed him, went to the park with him, and watched him play together with my gentle tender lab!
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Online Giving helps First Presbyterian Maumee support community
October 8, 2019 by Sally Scherer
Jack Hemple grew up at Westminster Presbyterian Church in Toledo, Ohio. His parents were married there. He was baptized there.
"I remember being there a lot as a kid," Hemple said, adding that back then his mother loved to knit.
"She was always knitting. She had a specific hat pattern that she used and she'd knit hats and give them to the church," he remembered.
But, in the late 1980s, a lack of support caused the church to close.
Though the church building is still standing – another church has since moved in – the area it's in has become impoverished, with about 40 percent of residents lacking a high school education and about 50 percent living in poverty.
Hemple is now a member of First Presbyterian Church in Maumee, Ohio, a suburb of Toledo, about 7 miles from Westminster's former location. But his bonds to his former neighborhood are still strong – as are those of several other First members who used to be part of the Westminster congregation – and still active, thanks to a commitment made by his congregation at First.
The suburban church has partnered with an urban Toledo mission, Mosaic Ministries, that's working to eradicate poverty and lack of education in south Toledo near where Westminster Presbyterian was located.
And the Presbyterian Foundation's online giving program has been a key part of bolstering First Presbyterian's commitment to the community.
"We'd been using online giving for several years, mostly because our young people were asking for it," said the Rev. Clint Tolbert, senior pastor at First Presbyterian in Maumee. Tolbert added that the church decided to add a mission component to its online giving program to support the Mosaic project.
"It was especially effective because it worked hand in hand with information about the commitment to the mission which was publicized on social media," he said.
To learn more about how your Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) can participate in the Foundation's online giving program, visit this link on our web site or contact your Ministry Relations Officer.
The project that they're supporting is Mosaic Ministries' plans to open a kindergarten through sixth grade school geared toward low-income families. It has partnered with SunBridge, a public charter school in Toledo, and hopes to open the school by 2022.
The ministry purchased a building several years ago that it plans to now use for its offices and the school.
"They got the building for next to nothing," Tolbert said. "That should tell you something about its condition. It was a shell of a building needing a complete overall."
"For the past few years, they've been trying to improve the building in small ways in the hopes of using it for school/ministry, however, now that they have a partner (SunBridge) they are shifting into a significantly higher gear…..not only completing the renovation of the original building, but obtaining an abandoned building next door and including that space in the renovation plans as well.
"Once all the renovation is complete, which will take a few years, the building will house both the school and ministry initiatives for Mosaic Ministries and SunBridge Schools," he said.
The cost to get the building in working order to open the school is around $6 million.
First Presbyterian Church committed to providing $300,000 with a two for one match through its endowment, meaning members had to donate $100,000 for the $300,000 to become a reality. Many used the Foundation's online giving program to contribute.
The beginning of the relationship
Mosaic Ministries Building
The relationship between Mosaic Ministries and the church started as many do. Church members learned of a need and answered it. They volunteered to serve meals. They donated clothing. They helped renovate housing. A group from the church has taken on the knitted hat project, calling it "Pat's Hats" after Hemple's late mother. Hundreds of knitted hats have been donated to Mosaic.
"They're really involved with us," said David Kaiser, pastor of Mosaic Ministries. Kaiser built a relationship with First through his friendship with First Presbyterian's Tolbert.
Eventually, Kaiser spoke to a men's breakfast group and a congregational meetings and shared some stories about Mosaic Ministries. About a dozen churches support Mosaic, although none like First Presbyterian, said Kaiser.
"When you hear the stories and see the conditions, you can't help but feel the urge to assist in some manner," said First Presbyterian member Mary Siefke.
While Kaiser and his team know that food, clothing and housing are vital in caring for those in need, it's not enough. "Evidence-based programs are what drive us," Kaiser explained, adding that Mosaic Ministries patterns itself after the Harlem Children's Zone.
A good example
Harlem Children's Zone is a nonprofit that's committed to ending generational poverty in Harlem. The program focuses on the social and educational development of children with the ultimate goal of giving children the support they need to get through college and become self-sustaining adults.
"In order to achieve long-term success, children need consistent, comprehensive support," the Harlem Children's Zone website states. "Our pipeline begins at birth and helps kids every step of the way until college graduation through exceptional education, social services, family support, health, and community-building programs."
Mosaic Ministries has a similar scope, but with a faith component. "We desire to be a place where people are ministered to spiritually," the website states. "We don't want religious people but rather men and women in a life-long love relationship with Jesus Christ."
Baby University, a non-profit program for children up to age 3, started in 2010 at Mosaic. It strives to teach parents good life skills, parenting strategies and good nutrition. First Presbyterian's Mary Siefke is the treasurer at Baby U.
First Presbyterian members use the church bus to pick up parents and take them to Baby U.
"When the parents first show up at Baby U, most of them have never read to their children and are highly likely to be abusive. By the end of their session, testing shows that they have started to read to their children daily and are more likely to use constructive discipline techniques," she said.
Eventually, children in the area move into a quality pre-school where they can become prepared for elementary education.
And that's where First Presbyterian has played its biggest role.
"We see ourselves as a catalyst in the community," said Tolbert, who estimates that 50 percent of his congregation is involved with Mosaic. "We want to leverage our endowment to really make change."
Hemple, who is a board member on Mosaic, said planning for the school is "a huge task. It has been messy and scary. But we keep working through it and we know that what we're trying to do is best for the neighborhood and the kids in the area. It'll happen when God plans for it to."
While the partnership has helped Mosaic Ministries, it has also benefitted First Presbyterian Church, said Siefke.
"Raising money and assisting with the ministry has brought our congregation closer as we have prayed, given, worked and celebrated together for a
common cause," she said. "It has allowed us to live into our Christian values and the mission of our church which is 'Love First.'"
Sally Scherer is a writer and communications consultant based in Lexington, Kentucky. She is a member of Second Presbyterian Church, where she is an elder and a member of the choir.


HAP's ProgenyHealth partnership provides the most delicate care thanks to neonatologists, pediatricians, NICU nurses, and social workers working together. They collaborate to provide a clinical and emotional lifeline to the family – advising, educating and supporting – to help improve babies' health.
As a board-certified pediatrician who manages this high-risk population, I think ProgenyHealth is a blessing.
Our tiniest members are our most vulnerable. HAP wants to give them the best chance for a healthy life. HAP, ProgenyHealth and the hospital work as a team so parents have confidence and peace of mind when their babies go home. There should be no question about who the parents should call with concerns or what setting will give their child the best start in life. It's a win-win for everyone.
ProgenyHealth works with providers and families to help manage the hospital stay and provide support during the first year of life. The goal is to make sure neonatal intensive care unit babies go home healthy and as soon as possible. Once the baby is born, ProgenyHealth contacts a HAP member who can accept or decline the service. This is part of a member's existing benefits so there's no extra cost.
The service includes Baby Trax®, a web-based application for educational information and a customized care plan. It can only be accessed by the member and the member's physician using a password. The mobile app has infant health and safety-related notifications, a task manager, health and safety related articles and educational videos.
A ProgenyHealth case manager is even on call 24/7. To learn more about ProgenyHealth, visit their website.
For more information about all your HAP member benefits, log in at hap.org.


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Trading Rhino To Extinction
Rhino Horn is not medicine nor a status symbol for the wealthy.
The removal of rhino horn powder from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the 1990's had largely reduced demand. During this period, horns sold for very little on the illegal black market, and on average, only around 15 rhinos were poached in South Africa each year from 1990 to 2007.
Since 2008, the purchase of Rhino horn as a status symbol by the wealthy in Vietnam & China, has increased exponentially. In addition, the renewed, but misguided belief that the horn does indeed have medicinal value, has escalated demand even further, causing a record number of animals poached in 2014.
Stockpile of seized rhino horn.
Rhino horn is not a miracle cure for cancer or an aphrodisiac for the impotent, so why talk about the legal future trade? It is unethical and immoral.
The pro-trade fraternity have used the ancient Asian myth and the flawed argument that Rhino horn use would be sustainable as a reason to lift the ban on trade. This cannot be further from the truth! False information like this should not be used to push for or justify trade that is economically non-viable. It is also morally and ethically wrong to sell something to a community, based on an ancient myth.
An ancient belief is something that is very old, which in the case of Rhino horn use is simply not true, unless of course the ignorant believe that this 'ancient' cure for everything only started in 2007, with only 13 Rhino poached. But things started changing in 2008. That year, 83 were killed, followed by 122 the next year. By 2013, that number had hit 1,004.
Making Rhino horn into powder.
It has been established more recently that Asian consumers are using less Rhino horn for medicinal purposes. However, illegal black market traders are taking advantage of the uneducated who continue to believe in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As the demand falls for Rhino horn as traditional Chinese medicine, it increases in the more affluent communities, being flaunted as a status symbol. Rhino horn has no 'USE' in either scenario.
Bracelet made from Rhino horn.
TRAFFIC, an organisation that monitors the illegal wildlife trade, conducted a survey in 2013 to identify the most important buyers of rhino horn. Their results confirmed that it is predominantly a luxury purchase by rich men in Vietnam: professional businessmen, celebrities and government officials as a display of wealth. They are displaying it as a status symbol, and do not see themselves as contributing to the devastation of Rhino in South Africa and Namibia.
The Department of Environmental Affairs reported in November 2014 that a total of 1020 Rhino had been poached in South Africa, however, the total for the year is estimated to be 1,200.
The South African Government and private Rhino owners have been stockpiling Rhino horn for many years, with the hope of becoming very wealthy from the sale of Rhino horn to the Asian consumers in the event that future legal trade of Rhino horn is allowed. However, what this stockpiling has done, is show the crime syndicates around the world that it would be in their best financial interest to illegally trade the horn; thus driving up demand resulting in the escalation of poaching.
Opening legal trade of Rhino horn would exponentially increase demand and force the unnatural farming of this iconic wild animal. The poaching would most certainly continue because we would open the trade to a potential Asian market of almost 1.5 Billion people. With only a little over 20,000 Rhino left in the wild, there are not enough to satisfy the demand.
The estimated amount of Rhino horn that could be harvested in one year is around 3.5 tonnes. The amount needed to satisfy Asian demand to a very small percentage of consumers is estimated to be over 100 tonnes. Basic math tells us that this would be impossible.
The recent OSCAP International Rhino Conference in 2014 highlighted the Risk assessment related to the legalization of the trade in Rhino horn.
These were the key findings below-:
The premise that legalizing rhino horn trade will make illegal trade unprofitable is neither based on sound economic theory nor supported by solid data.
Trade legalisation will most likely preserve and reinforce the illegal sourcing of horn by enabling market expansion, commerce diversification and laundering opportunities.
Attempts by South Africa to sell its rhino horn cheaply, thereby undercutting the illegal market, will likely fail. As market power is concentrated in the final stages of commercialisation, a legal supply of horn from South Africa will be unable to influence (much less to control) retail prices or final demand.
Legalising trade will simply create two parallel markets–legal and illegal–which will operate alongside each other, as with ivory, reptile skins and numerous other wildlife products.
Surveys in Vietnam have shown that, if trade is legalised, many more people would buy rhino horn.
A basic calculation shows that, even with rhino farming, there would not be enough rhino horn to sustain a legitimised market. Organised wildlife crime syndicates will exploit the legal market by laundering illegal horn through it.
Rhino horn bans, coupled with effective wildlife law enforcement and field protection, do work when they are properly and comprehensively applied, with no loopholes, and with appropriate penalties for all offenders.
There is little appetite in CITES for allowing legal trade in rhino horn. Rather than risk submitting a proposal that will almost certainly fail, South Africa should focus its resources on bringing South Africa n "khaki collar" criminal networks to justice, supporting demand reduction in the consumer States, putting pressure on Mozambique to upgrade its wildlife law enforcement efforts and, above all, discouraging speculators from rhino horn stockpiling within South Africa by stating clearly that it has no intention of submitting a CITES proposal for legal rhino horn trade.
Illegal rhino horn trade will continue unless there is sufficient political will to deal with corruption in the range States, including in South Africa.
The establishment by South Africa of a legal trade in rhino horn would further jeopardise the vulnerable rhino populations of other rhino range States.
For the full report of the OSCAP International Rhino Conference that comprehensively addressed the Risk assessment of Rhino horn trade, please visit their web page at http://www.oscap.co.za/rhino-conference-2014
Also visit Outraged SA Citizens against Rhino Poaching at https://www.facebook.com/groups/OSCAP/
The Health Risks -:
The economical issues were highlighted here, and do not include facts like the extremely high risk to the Rhino which needs to be be sedated while the horns are cut off with a chainsaw. Obviously this risk increases when the frequency of horn harvesting increases. Rhino sedation with M99 (The very potent drug used to sedate the Rhino) is a very high risk operation, extremely traumatic to the animal, and many rhino die during this process. This creates even more of a moral dilemma.
How many rhino are we prepared to sacrifice for greed? The tourism industry will also suffer a huge blow, as very few tourists want to visit South Africa to see or photograph a rhino without its horn. The implications of legal trade are far more complex than some understand.
There has been a tremendous amount of time and resources spent on educating the Asian communities about Rhino horn and it's lack of healing properties. However if trade were to be legalized, it would send out the wrong message to the consumer, resulting in them reverting back to buying Rhino horn once again.
The question remains quite clear - Is it morally and ethically acceptable to allow trade in Rhino horn when knowingly selling something that is based on a myth? Especially when it has been proven to have no medicinal value at all. It therefore seems evident that greed is driving people to lobby for the change of legislation in favor of legal trade, regardless of whether it is being used for traditional Chinese medicine or trinkets for the affluent in order to flaunt their wealth.
STOP TALKING ABOUT TRADE...
By Paul Oxton (Wild Heart)
Tweets by @Wildlifeatheart
© 2020 Wild Heart Wildlife Foundation


Originally Published: August 21, 2018 5 p.m.
In my experience, one of the greatest social challenges is remembering the names of folks I've just been introduced to, especially at a party or at a subversive underground gathering bent on overthrowing…something. On the other hand, I always remember people of either gender named Bill. Mainly because we rhyme with each other. For the same reason, I feel connected to folks named Phil, Chlorophyll, Krill, Anthill, and Rototill, etc.
Isn't it cute how siblings' names can rhyme? Such as Daniel and Nathaniel, Aiden and Caden, Jason and Grayson and Mason, Blake and Jake, etc. Not to be ignored are Lily and Millie, Abby and Gabby, Amanda and Miranda, Nora and Cora. I've often thought that either the parents owned a rhyming dictionary with dog-eared pages or didn't feel like going through the pain and suffering of assigning names from scratch because just birthing the children was work enough.
If rhyming schemes work for me in remembering names today, they were a worthy opponent in my early years. Trying to write rhyming poetry as a teenager was frequently an unpleasant exercise. I once penned a line of verse that read something like, "Following in your wake is the fragrance of an orange..." The next line was supposed to be the pièce de résistance, but I couldn't find anything to rhyme with orange. The subject of my lyrical efforts probably wouldn't have appreciated being likened to citrus anyway, but this was the risk that a clueless high school kid was willing to take. In fact, there's at least one word that does rhyme with orange: A hill in south Wales is named Blorenge (pronounced like orange). Given the romantic stakes of my pubescent poetry, how could I not have known that?
I've been told throughout my life that nothing rhymes with the word purple. Ladies and gentlemen, my research reveals that not one but two words sound like purple! To hirple is to walk awkwardly or with a limp. They said this kind of thing in old Scotland, apparently. Another great Scottish word is curple, an old word for the south end of a north-bound horse. According to Roger Miller, there is yet another rhymer for purple from his song Dang Me: They say roses are red, and violets are purple, Sugar's sweet and so is maple surple. I rest my case.
How many times in just the last few weeks have you wanted a word that rhymed with dunce? You could have used punce, an English dialect word for flattened, pounded meat or a swift kick in the nether regions. Example: If you don't return my copy of Modern Mold Monthly immediately, I'll give you a punce you won't soon forget!
One of my favorite words as confirmed in a previous column is kerfuffle. I just found out that the rhyming word wuffle means to sniff or snort gently. My day has been made.
Seems there are six ways that words rhyme. The first way is that the final vowel sound of two words match, creating a rhyme. I grew bored and drowsy before I got to the end of this last sentence so I have no idea what the other five rhyming ways are. And I don't care.
My wife tells me I have too much time on my hands.


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Expires: September 6, 2006                        Hiroaki Satou, NTT
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This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6,  2006.
Internet Draft   draft-ietf-mboned-rac-issues-02.txt   March, 2006
This memo evaluates the extent to which current multicasting
protocols can be used to address common requirements for commercial,
large-scale IP multicasting.  Four existing possible multicasting
This memo concludes that for many of these issues the possible
non-standardized solutions to meet common use requirements. This
memo recommends for requirements to be defined that would set the
groundwork for framework(s) and solutions that sufficiently address
these limitations.
4.4 Minimizing Channel Join Latency and Leave Latency..............8
4.5.1 Precise access logging.......................................8
4.7 Sharing of Infrastructure for Support of Triple Play Services..9
6.3 Capability to distinguish between users, compared by
6.4 Maintain guaranteed quality-level of data delivery (Voice,
Video), compared by architecture..................................17
The intention of this memo is to initiate a discussion on the state
of current multicasting protocols deployed for commercial, large-
scale multicasting and their capabilities to provide receiver access
designed to meet certain sets of requirements that do not
necessarily include architectural considerations intended to support
commercial services. This memo presents a number of issues network
providers may face when they attempt to apply current multicasting
standards to commercial services.   The extent to which existing
multicast protocols can or cannot satisfactorily deal with these
issues is explored.  A few network models based on a range of
different business models are presented as a basis for defining
large volume of information needs to be distributed to a large
number of receivers.  However, multicasting according to current
standards (e.g., IGMPv3[1] and MLDv2[2]) has drawbacks compared to
unicasting in terms of its commercial applicability because of the
insufficiency of access control and protection of network resources
against malicious use or accidents.  In order to be applicable to
large-scale commercial networks, multicast networks need to have the
same capabilities which are currently supported by unicast networks.
Such issues which are important to commercial, large-scale
implementations of multicasting are listed.  Next, a few possible
existing architectures used for multicasting with access control
based on current standards are presented. Specifically 1) IGMP/ MLD,
2) IGMP/MLD with L2/L3 Authentication with ACL 3) Unicast Control
with IGMP/MLD and 4) IGMP/MLD with Multicast Encryption will each be
presented and described.  Each architecture is discussed with
respect to the presented list of issues.
For the purposes of this memo the following definitions apply:
starts/stops to receive a channel, which channel she/he receives,
Triple Play: voice (VoIP), video, and broadband Internet access
Note: The definition of a receiver (device) and a user (human)
should not be confused.
CP: Content Provider
infrastructure to multicast it, 3) network and content access
control mechanisms.  In many cases however the content provision and
network provision roles are divided between separate entities.  The
memo draft-ietf-mboned-maccnt-04.txt [3, referred to hereafter in
this memo as MACCNT-draft] provides more detail of the multiple
multicasting structure and the entity responsible for content
serving are the same.  Indeed because the infrastructure for
multicasting is expensive and many content holders are not likely to
be competent at building and maintaining complicated infrastructures
necessary for multicasting, many content holders would prefer to
purchase transport and management services from a network service
provider and thus share the infrastructure costs with other content
holders.
The business model of a single network service provider (NSP)
providing multicasting services to multiple content providers CP has
certain implications:
satisfactory to the requirements of the CP
-Methods for sharing information between the NSP and CP to make
When the NSP and CP are the same single entity the general
large-scale implementations are presented.  Some presented issues
are not pertinent to cases where the NSP and CP are the same entity.
commercial, large-scale multicasting.  To avoid unnecessary
duplication with MACCNT-draft, detail for some of these issues is
provided through references in the Normative Reference section.
providers generally wish to be able to control the number of groups
a host can access at the same time. Also the network provider may
wish to limit the number of users accessing a multicast stream
because of bandwidth and processing issues between the receiver and
the multicast server.  This section corresponds to MACCNT-draft[3],
section 4.5.14.2 "Issue of network resource protection", and 4.2.1
"Access control", but provides more detail.
network resource allocation is not necessary, but for services with
a guaranteed QoS level (e.g. IP television, teleconferencing, VoIP)
it is necessary to allocate sufficient bandwidth and server
resources to each service.  More detail on the topic of network
resource protection is provided in section "Issue of network
resource protection" of the MACCNT-draft[3].
For detail on the topic on the capability to distinguish between
receivers, refer to MACCNT-draft[3], 4.1 the second paragraph which
begins with "With current protocols (IGMP/MLD), the sender cannot
distinguish
Detail related to the topic of user identification can be found in
section "User identification" of the MACCNT-draft[3], the first
paragraph.
4.4 Minimizing Channel Join Latency and Leave Latency
More detail on the topic of channel leave latency is provided in
section "Channel Join Latency and Leave Latency" of the MACCNT-
draft[3].
4.5.1 Precise access logging
For detail on the topic please refer to MACCNT-draft[3], 4.6
"Accounting and billing", especially the second paragraph which
begins with "To assemble such..."
For commercial multicast applications where NSP and CP are different
information between the NSP and CP.  For example, which entities
edge devices which are under control of the NSP. This section
corresponds to MACCNT-draft[3], section 4.5.1 "How to share user
information", but provides more detail than in the MACCNT-draft.
the NSP can get trustworthy data on user activity which may be
needed for billing and statistics purposes.  A standard way of
logging user activity and protecting the integrity of the logs does
not exist. Often network providers do not want to keep logs on
untrusted user terminals that can be tampered with.
Details for this issue are presented in MACCNT-draft[3], section 4.6
"Notification to users of the result of the join request."
4.7 Sharing of Infrastructure for Support of Triple Play Services
As stated in MACCNT-draft[3], section "Small impact on the existing
products": "Ideally the NSP should be able to use the same
infrastructure (such as access control) to support commercial
multicast services for the so-called 'triple play' services".
Digital Rights Management (DRM) is important but out of scope of
this memo.
For the sake of simplicity, the above diagram only shows the
sequence of requests for a single receiver.  When multiple receivers
are requesting the same channel stream the data would be copied at
the multicasting router to serve the multiple streams.
With a basic implementation of IGMP/MLD, no authorization is
performed on the receiver.  It is possible to combine an IGMP/MLD
implementation with Layer 2 or Layer 3 Authentication to provide an
access-control mechanism at the first point of attachment to the
network, for example, using 802.1X.
for access to the network. The authentication controller then
queries the policy server with the receiver's credentials (such as
IP or MAC address), and if the receiver is determined to be an
authorized user of the network ("success"), the router downloads the
ACL from the policy server.  For example, users which are not on the
ACL are rejected.  Then the Layer 2 Switch is directed to open a
port for the receiver to send a join request to the multicast router.
The router is then responsible for forwarding the appropriate data
from the sender to the receiver.
unicast video-on-demand (VoD) systems.  If authorization is
join as in described in 5.1. Generally this approach is relying on
either some sort of content encryption or "security through
obscurity" for content security. Also accounting becomes problematic
because user credentials may not be identified.
| Sender   |    | Router   |   | L2SW     |          | Receiver |
therefore cannot distinguish on a receiver-basis.    (If the edge-
router's user interface is statically assigned then the interface's
log can be used to track joins, but this would mean portability is
sacrificed.  Moreover, this method is not applicable to a case where
the CP and NSP are different companies because the CP cannot access
this join-log. Sharing of the join-log could be done with a yet-to-
be defined standard mechanism/format. )
receivers, but if there are multiple content providers (CP) a single
L2 Authorization Server cannot distinguish among the CPs.  Therefore
it would be necessary to gather the join logs.  (If the interface is
fixed then the join-log can be used, but this would mean portability
is sacrificed.  Moreover, this method is not applicable to a case
where the CP and NSP are different companies because the CP cannot
access this join-log.)
This latency may not be a problem when users are switching between
channels of the same CP in cases where the CP grants viewing
privileges uniformly across all of its channels. However, other
policies are possible that may be on a channel-basis, time-basis,
etc. and in such cases channel changing has latency issues.
If the CP maintains the Key Server it is possible to distinguish on
the receiver-level.  If the Network Service Provider maintains the
key server it is necessary to devise a method for the NSP to notify
the CP.
channel has the same bandwidth and sufficient bandwidth are
allocated to each user beforehand.  However, it is not possible to
provide a guaranteed QoS by comparing the available bandwidth and
the necessary bandwidth upon each user's request.
-IGMP/MLD with Unicast control:
When the CP and NSP are separate entities it is not possible for the
CP to make a proper authorization decision because only the NSP
Having only encryption provides no access control and therefore
provides no mechanism to reject a user attempt to access when
sufficient resources are not available (i.e. the user can receive
data even without holding a valid key.)
Unicast Control is slow (latency problem).  This latency may not be
a problem when users are switching between channels of the same CP
in cases where the CP grants viewing privileges uniformly across all
of its channels.  However, other policies are possible that may be
on a channel-basis, time-basis, etc. and in such cases channel
changing has latency issues.
because analyzing the logs requires heavy computation (related to
the scalability with millions of users).
cases, users disconnect their terminals without sending logout
messages.  Also it is possible that the user is running multiple
services and thus they will not log out even if they are finished
watching video or other multicast content.  In this case, it is not
possible to precisely determine for accounting purposes when each
user disconnected.  Also, it may be a problem that unused bandwidth
is being needlessly reserved.
However MLD/IGMP reports/joins need to be refreshed periodically.
The ACL entry can be deactivated if the user no longer refreshes the
report/join, but this means that user can be charged with unwatched
programs (125 seconds default.) This lack of precise timing may be a
problem in certain cases such as for paid services.
If logs are recorded for each renewal of keys, then it is possible
to track activity on a per-user basis. However if logs are only
recorded per content data download then such tracking is not
After the join it is not possible to notify the user of the result
of the join request.
commercial, large-scale IP multicasting.  Therefore it is
recommended that framework(s) for sufficiently addressing such
requirements be explored.
This memo does not raise any IANA consideration issues.
This memo does not raise any new security issues which are not
already existing in original protocols.  Enhancement of multicast
access control capabilities may enhance security performance.
is often necessary to deploy non-standardized solutions to meet
these common requirements. It is recommended that requirements be
defined to set the groundwork for creating framework(s) and
solutions that address the various issues discussed in this memo
which are limiting the application of multicasting especially to
commercial, large-scale CDS services. Such requirements should take
into consideration a range of possible architectures based on
multiple business or usage models.
[1] B. Cain, et. al., "Internet Group Management Protocol, Version
3", RFC3376, October 2002.
[2] R. Vida, et. al., "Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2
(MLDv2) for IPv6", RFC3810, June 2004.
mboned-maccnt-req-04.txt, February 2006 [Work in Progress].
This document and the information contained herein are provided on
an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE
REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed
to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described
in this document or the extent to which any license under such
rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that
it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights.
Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC
documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use
of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository
at http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6, 2006.


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This opened a door with an English Registered Nurse working in the United states, Dawn Kookingsatian who sent a message expressing 'How lovely the work was and she wished to inspire her nursing students with this little gem', this made me feel proud and thankful to CCCU and especially Tom Delahunt for encouraging us to express our learning in imaginative ways. Dawn shared with me ways in which nursing students are encouraged to be creative in the programme where she is based in the US, she shared with me that they are looking for activities such as I described regarding #poeticnursingheart to inspire students in their knowledge of nursing theories. Students are writing reflective journals and poetry is one way, as well as mandalas, painting and meditation. She has used storyboards and collage to tell stories in class, students have painted stones and taken photos to share self-care. Dawn expressed 'When students are given creative licence they are concerned they will miss the mark with their grades- external motivation rather than learning and gaining internal motivation' She has found it hard at times to promote creativity within the nursing programme out there but never gives up the inclusion of understanding why creativity is important in helping give better patient centred care.
It has made me contemplate and want to explore how creativity is nurtured within higher education especially within nursing and the Faculty of Health and Wellbeing. I have made contact with nursing professionals in New Zealand and Canada to gain an insight into how they nurture and explore creativity with their students. This is in its early stages but I am eager to hear from them to see if any of their teaching can inspire my own work in any way.
For me being allowed that freedom to be more creative within my degree is important, it's my expression and release of the feelings and thoughts within me. I can reflect on situations and the words flow. I personally think that the more creativity is encouraged, not just students but the whole nursing profession the better it is for the patient experience. If you can be creative in your work you will look for creative solutions to even the most complicated of patient wishes or needs. Being allowed this autonomy for me creates enthusiasm and innovation that is self-motivating, while at the same time it is educating the whole of me making me a more rounded student.
Poetic Nursing heart has resonated within my soul. It is a safe space where I'm not afraid to show my vulnerability as I know the support and encouragement from staff and students will be there. I have gained a bigger appreciation for my education and chosen profession and feel more connected and passionate with the patients I nurse. Tom in your words, the ember has grown into a small flame which is growing and developing, we are all entrusted to nurture and support the flame into something mighty!


Do Guys Use Emoticons In Texts With Any Girl Or Only Girls They Are Interested In?
And having this conversation we only strengthen the two of you. When To Use: Whether you send it first or he does, there is bound to be some naughty action taking place as soon as you are face-to-face. Since then, texting has become an integral part of human life. He texts me every day with a good morning msg, and we keep texting all through the day until I go to bed and his evening starts. Ensure that you share your thoughts and feelings with him. I used to have crush on someone called L since 2012 and i used to think ill never fall for anyone than him but i went to study in another place were already seperate i miss him but not so much and from last month i used to txt with a boy name S i dont know how but not even a week since we txt i fall for him but now its 1 month and tbh he is kind of what to say he doesnt seem to understand my feelings.
This actually makes my day when anyone does this. This emoticon is perfect for everyday flirting as it makes sense in an array of different situations. This is so true about the consistency. When he say that to me, I just told him that I understand that you are single and handsome so I know there will be a lot of girls that want to get to know you and will text you. Then he snaps: btw i kinda like u back. If it takes him more than twenty four hours without reason, that is suspicious, but don't jump to conclusions. So if he is using them -- he probably means them.
Or another text to indicate that he finds something funny. I have a friend and he always initiates our conversations. I have recently developed feelings for him stronger than that of friendship. Somehow we hit off very well and he texts me daily throughout the day with breaks on bet but for sure first thing in the morning before he goes to work and always after work n we can text all night. Many people opt out of texting after awhile if it doesn't seem pertinent anymore. I'm so confused and I'm not of sure if I'm into him like that.
Then start friendly texting again. Problem is, he lives in another country and he is 2 years younger than me. If he is only using emojis, then he is not wanting to devote any time to your conversation. Then I asked him if he had Snapchat, he said no. It's easier to tell if someone likes you by looking at the specifics, time of day, and how consistent they do these things. I would like to know if he does.
We played online games, and really bonded but he always played it cool so I never was sure if he liked me back. He did told me upfront that he has these other girls that are texting him but say he is only talking to them as friends. Think of creative ways you can interact with him. But then he responded and said sorry and that he just now seen the message. When To Use: The Blush is best used when your man has said or done something sweet and you feel he needs to be rewarded … with an emoticon. Everyone thinks, talks, and acts differently; it is just the way we were made. I tend to I tend to communicate well with females and am sensitive to how they feel.
Questions in a text message are a good sign because that means he is trying to continue the conversation. Sometimes I was the one who iniates in asking questions about life, work etc. We both like each other but he wants to be in relationship with me. Step Check how many emoticons you've already used in your email or discussion post. He is a really really great guy. Obviously, we both knew that was unlikely.
He may honestly not be ready for a serious relationship, and that's not on you. He's even planned things to do with me when I see him again and has asked when my birthday was? It sounds like you two are just getting to know each other. I will say though that one summer I texted a friend randomly when I thought of him and didn't know that he was on a giant road trip across the country without his phone. He wants to keep things going, that's why he texted you. When To Use: If you're liking what he's throwing out there, Hey There has to find a way to make it into your response. You haven't done anything wrong.
If you liked this post check out. Now you will have a better idea of the reasons behind his emojis when you get them. If he is texting you only emojis, but you are crushing on him, then you know now that you need to dial that back because he is not the one for you. He Texted: Hey, what are you doing? Since the we been talking, it's been a week since we started talking. Here are some good signs related to timing. We text everyday, never about the anything particularly important, he usually texts first, uses lots of emojis, lots of teasing and banter + inside jokes.


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Pam Levasseur and Martha Gamble of SSU solved a kid's ski equipment issue with new guests to Smuggs. The parents tried to find the proper skis and boots for their children before coming to Smuggs from rural Ontario. As soon as the kids checked into Pam's class on Monday, Pam assessed the ski and boot length of the 3 year old and determined that the boots were too big and the skis were about 8" too long! This was a set up for failure.
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All monthly sessions are from 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
The topics listed may be presented in a different order than listed. The classes fall on the second Tuesday of the month. We make every effort to adhere to those dates. The LDC Program Committee reserves the right to adjust the schedule if necessary to accommodate unforeseen circumstances.
Note: Commencement will be scheduled to take place after the Closing Session. Date to be determined.
All class participants, their guests, facilitators, speakers, and any others interested are welcome to attend.


text:
Tapes és un gènere de mol·luscs bivalves de la família Veneridae. Es proper a Ruditapes i a Venerupis, i algunes espècies han estat classificades en un gènere o l'altre en algun moment.

Taxonomia
El gènere Tapes inclou nou espècies:

 Tapes albomarginata Preston, 1908
 Tapes araneosus (Philippi, 1847)
 Tapes belcheri G. B. Sowerby II, 1852
 Tapes conspersus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Tapes literatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Tapes ngocae Thach, 2016
 Tapes platyptycha Pilsbry, 1901
 Tapes sericeus Matsukuma, 1986
 Tapes sulcarius (Lamarck, 1818)

Altres espècies que havien estat assignades al gènere Tapes han estat mogudes a altres gèneres.

Referències

Venèrids

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Denbigh – Carmelite Friary
friary church on the drawing of Samuel and Nathaniel Buck from 1742
church plan according to L.Butler and cadw
The Carmelites came to Denbigh in the late 13th century and in 1289 founded the friary under the patronage of John de Swynmore. As a mendicant order, they lived on donations and alms, teaching and preaching in return. They enjoyed the special care of the Salusbury family from Lleweni and Bachymbyd, many of whom were buried in the monastery. At the beginning of the 16th century the convent was patronized by the bishop of St. Asaph, Henry Standish, who was a Carmelite himself and had his own chamber in the friary. His successor Robert Purefoy also lived in Denbigh, though this did not save the convent from being dissolved in 1538. At that time, only four monks lived in the friary. In the early modern period, the monastery buildings were sold to private persons and transformed into resiedntial houses. The church was in good condition until 1898, when it was destroyed by fire and fell into ruin.
The monastery church was a simple building on a rectangular plan measuring 19 x 7.5 meters, without an externally separated chancel. The building had not buttresses. In the middle of its length there was a wooden ridge turret on the gable roof. In the fifteenth century, a large ogival window with a sophisticated, decorative tracery in the style of perpendicular gothic was placed in the eastern wall. Inside in the southeastern wall of the presbytery there were stone sedilia and piscina. Further on the west side, a timber rood screen separated the choir from the central part of the temple (walking place) from where the portal led to the cloisters located in the south. Another rood screen on the west side separated the nave, available to lay people. Opposite the second rood screen were two altars and another piscina in the southern wall.
The economic and residential base was provided by three wings located around the cloisters and an inner courtyard. The distinguishing feature of the Carmelite convent from other monasterys was the floor of the buildings, which overlapped the cloister below it. In the ground floor on the eastern side there was a chapter house and a private chamber of the bishop. The southern wing was occupied by a dormitory and probably a refectory, and on the west side a large room containing either a refectory or a guest chamber. The kitchen and brewery mentioned in written sources had to be near the refectory. Further on, the convent also housed stables and barns.
To this day, the unroofed chancel of the monastery church and fragments of the nave walls have survived. The monastery buildings with the refectory and dormitory also have survived, but they were significantly transformed in the early modern period. Currently they are in private hands (Abbey Cottage), while the ruins of the church are available for tourists.
ruins of the church, view to the east, photo Wikimedia Commons
Burton J., Stöber K., Abbeys and Priories of Medieval Wales, Chippenham 2015.
Butler L., Denbigh Castle, Cardiff 2007.
Salter M., Abbeys, priories and cathedrals od Wales, Malvern 2012.
Website coflein.gov.uk, Denbigh, Csrmelite Friary (White Friars).


text:
Karl Schaefer, geboren als Karl Schäfer (* 11. April 1849 in Dürkheim; † 28. Februar 1931 in Bad Dürkheim), war ein deutscher Winzer und pfälzischer Weingutsbesitzer, bedeutend vor allem wegen seines Engagements für die Kommunalentwicklung und Heimatpflege von Bad Dürkheim und Umgebung.

Leben
Karl Schaefer, Ökonomierat, übernahm das Weingut seines Vaters, des Arztes Christian Schaefer, das durch Schenkung aus der Familie der Mutter Henriette Schaefer, geb. Fitz erweitert worden war. Er prägte und entwickelte es nachhaltig, so dass das bis heute bestehende Weingut seinen Namen trägt. Wie sein älterer Bruder Hermann änderte er die Schreibweise des Nachnamens in Schaefer (statt Schäfer).

Schaefer war 1873 Gründungsmitglied des Drachenfels-Clubs – Verschönerungs-Verein von Dürkheim und Umgebung und hatte von 1893 bis 1926 dessen Vorsitz inne. Er zeichnete verantwortlich für die Bauarbeiten am Bismarckturm und kümmerte sich besonders um die Anlage eines weiträumigen Netzes von Wanderwegen in der Umgebung von Bad Dürkheim, die er auch in einem Führer beschrieb.

Werke
 Wegweiser für Dürkheim und seine Umgebung – kurze Beschreibung der markierten Wege auf dem erweiterten Gebiete des Drachenfels-Clubs (a.V.) Verschönerungs-Verein von Dürkheim und Umgebung, Rheinberger, Dürkheim 1896.
 Führer von Bad Dürkheim und Umgebung, Bad Dürkheim, drei Auflagen 1910–1922.

Ehrungen
 Benennung des Karlswegs, ein Treppenweg zur sogenannten Kastaniendelle.
 Bau der Schaeferwarte oberhalb von Bad Dürkheim.

Literatur
 Franz Weckesser: Pfälzische Familienkunde: Der Stamm Schäfer, Göllheim-Bad Dürkheim, in: Die Pfalz am Rhein, Heft 19, 15. Jg., 1. Oktober 1932, S. 580–582.
 Melitta Rinnert: Die Nachkommen des Johann German Orth im Zeitraum vom 17. – 21. Jahrhundert, Kaiserslautern 2018 (Privatauflage für die Familie Orth und ihre Nebenzweige).

Weblinks
 Weingut Karl Schaefer
 Webseite zur Entwicklung des Weinguts Karl Schaefer
 Drachenfels-Club

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmer (Weinbau)
Person (Bad Dürkheim)
Deutscher
Geboren 1849
Gestorben 1931
Mann


Your spouse is traveling on Interstate 80 (I-80) heading home from Sacramento. Suddenly, out of nowhere, an intoxicated driver operating their vehicle at a reckless rate of speed sideswipes your spouse's vehicle and they are forced off the road colliding with a tree. The impact is so severe that your spouse loses their life as a result of the collision.
This is a tragic scenario that, unfortunately, many California residents encounter. In fact, over three thousand people are killed in traffic-related accidents in 2014, according to the California Office of Traffic Safety. Thousands of other people die in preventable accidents related to medical malpractice, exposure to toxic chemicals in the workplace, crossing the street as a pedestrian, boat accidents, etc.
If you lost a loved one in a preventable accident caused by the negligence of an individual, or company, speak to a Vacaville wrongful death lawyer to discuss your legal options. A lawyer can advise you of whether it makes sense to take legal action against the negligent party.
What Can I Recover from a Wrongful Death Claim?
Emotional trauma and stress associated with a sudden loss (i.e. pain and suffering).
Do I Really Need to Hire a Vacaville Wrongful Death Attorney?
It is recommended that, at the very least, you speak to a wrongful death lawyer to get an idea of what legal options are available. The vast majority of personal injury and wrongful death lawyers in Vacaville offer free initial consultations so there is no financial cost to you to meet with an attorney.
Hiring an attorney makes sense when considering all of the factors that go into obtaining a financial recovery from the negligent party's insurance policy. You need to contact the insurance company, submit paperwork including itemized bills, negotiate with a claims adjuster, and so forth. The process can be overwhelming, especially if you are also in the midst of grieving the loss of your loved one. A Vacaville wrongful death attorney can take this burden off of you. They will conduct a thorough investigation of the incident and all available forms of insurance coverage. Once the insurance company, or companies, are contacted, your lawyer will negotiate on your behalf in an effort to reach a satisfactory settlement, or file a lawsuit.
What Should I Look For in a Vacaville Wrongful Death Attorney?
the lawyer has actually taken a wrongful death case to trial and achieved success.
Unfortunately, there is no definitive answer to this question since each case is different. I can tell you that the overwhelming majority of personal injury and wrongful death cases settle without the need to empanel a jury (we're talking well over 90 percent of claims settle). Nevertheless, it is possible a trial may be necessary, especially if liability is contested or the insurance company is making low-ball settlement offers. In this situation, your attorney proves invaluable since they take on the task of filing a lawsuit, drafting necessary pleadings, taking depositions, etc.
Losing a loved one is always gut-wrenching, but the pain is made that much worse when the loss is sudden and totally unexpected.
I'm Ed Smith, a Vacaville Wrongful Death Lawyer. If you have lost a loved one due to a wrongful death, please call me today for free, friendly advice at (707) 564-1900.
Take a look at my ratings and client reviews: Yelp, Google, and Avvo.
I'm a California member of the Million Dollar Forum. This is a fellowship of top rated US injury attorneys who have obtained verdicts or settlements in excess of $1 Million US Dollars.
Some of my Past Verdicts and Settlements can be viewed here.