text:
>Charging and case preparation
The prosecution process generally begins from the point when a crime is reported to the police. Evidence is then gathered to establish what actually happened and who was involved, and statements are taken from witnesses to support the evidence.
Following evidence-gathering, the two key stages prior to the first hearing are the decision to charge and the prosecution process. If a person is charged with a crime, they are either remanded in custody or released on bail before going to a court.
This module describes the relationship between police and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) and highlights the key touch points where the two work together.
1 Decision to charge
2 Referral to the CPS for pre-charge advice
2.1 Charging process
2.1.1 Police charge cases
2.1.2 Charging of youths
2.2 Full Code Test
2.2.1 Evidential stage
2.2.2 Public interest stage
2.3 Threshold Test
2.4 CPS advice
2.4.1 Pre-charge referral to the CPS
2.5 Summonsing
2.6 Postal requisitions and postal charging
3 Prosecution
3.1 Preparing a file of evidence
3.1.1 National file standard
3.2 Disclosure
3.2.1 Circumstances for disclosure
3.2.2 Recording disclosure material
3.3 Information sharing
3.4 Performance monitoring
3.5 Cross-jurisdictional prosecutions
Decision to charge
CPS (2012) CPS Guidance on: Joint Enterprise Charging Decisions
In a criminal case, if there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction against each suspect on each charge, a decision to charge is made. Depending on the type and seriousness of the offence committed, this decision is made by the police service or the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS).
Referral to the CPS for pre-charge advice
Director's Guidance on Charging 2013, 5th Edition, sections 5, 6, 7
Pre-charge referral process to the CPS
Protocol between the Association of Chief Police Officers, the Crown Prosecution Service and Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service to expedite cases involving witnesses under 10 years (2015)
For charging advice on serious, complex and contested cases, prosecutors and police officers can meet at an agreed venue. For less serious charging decisions, CPS lawyers listen to police officers' accounts over the telephone (CPS Daytime Direct or CPS Direct) or via a secure digital service after the arrest of a suspect(s). They then decide whether there is sufficient evidence to charge a person and what that charge should be.
The CPS may require further evidence to be obtained before a charging decision can be made, or to strengthen the case to secure a successful outcome. The prosecutor will advise the police officer of the further material required. This advice will also bring an early conclusion to those cases that cannot be strengthened by further evidence.
Investigators use the MG3 form for recording pre-charge advice. This form is not disclosable as it is subject to public interest immunity between the police and the CPS. An investigator is required to place certain information before the prosecutor so that the latter can make the necessary decisions on charging.
Charging process
National Audit Office (2011) The introduction of the Streamlined Process
The CPS and ACPO have introduced a joint national programme of work to modernise charging. This built on the benefits of streamlined processes to deliver more responsive and proportionate charging services.
The Code for Crown Prosecutors advises that any charging decisions should:
reflect the seriousness of the offending
give the court adequate sentencing powers as well as powers to impose appropriate post-conviction orders
enable the case to be presented in a clear and simple way.
The streamlined process provides:
Improved accessibility through CPS Daytime Direct or CPS Direct providing police officers with instant access to CPS lawyers via phone and/or secure digital service when seeking advice and authorisation on less serious charging decisions.
Realignment of the Director of Public Prosecutions (2013) The Director's Guidance on Charging – 5th Edition. This details additional offences and categories that the police are able to charge, without reference to the CPS.
Joint performance standards (see The Prosecution Team (2011) Manual of Guidance: For the preparation, processing and submission of prosecution files).
Police charge cases
Offences Against the Person Act 1861
The police may charge:
all summary offences irrespective of plea and any either way offences anticipated as a guilty plea and suitable for sentence in a magistrates' court, except for
a case requiring the consent to prosecute by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) or law officer
a case involving a death
a case connected with terrorist activity or official secrets
a case classified as hate crime or domestic violence under CPS policies
violent disorder or affray
wounding or grievous bodily harm
actual bodily harm
Sexual Offences Act 2003 offences committed by or upon a person under 18
an offence under the Licensing Act 2003
criminal damage to property valued at less than £5,000, irrespective of plea if suitable for summary trial
handling and receiving stolen goods and offences under the Fraud Act 2006 where a guilty plea is anticipated and the case is suitable for sentence in a magistrates' court.
Charging of youths
Cases involving young people are usually only charged by the police or referred to the CPS for prosecution if they have already received one or more out-of-court disposals, the offence is serious, or the youth has not admitted the offence and, therefore, specific out-of-court disposals cannot be given or are not appropriate.
Youth out-of-court disposals are intended to prevent reoffending, but further offending indicates that attempts to divert the youth from the court system have failed. It is usually in the public interest to prosecute in such cases, unless there are clear public interest factors against prosecution. Where there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction, careful consideration should be given to the public interest test and the CPS legal guidance on youth offenders.
Prosecutors should consult The Director's Guidance on Charging and relevant Ministry of Justice Codes of Practice to assess offence seriousness, and Youth Justice Board (2013) Youth Out-of-Court Disposals, Guide for Police and Youth Offending Services to determine whether the public interest is satisfied by diversion.
Full Code Test
This is a two-stage test which must be applied each time a charging decision is made, whether it is made by the police or the CPS – the evidential stage and the public interest stage. The evidential stage must be met before the public interest stage can be considered. For a full explanation of the evidential and public interest stages, see The Code for Crown Prosecutors: The Full Code Test.
Evidential stage
Prosecutors and police decision makers must be satisfied that there is enough evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction against each suspect on each charge. This means considering the evidence as a whole, including the impact of any likely defence or information put forward by the suspect, and asking the question: is it more likely that a court or jury would convict the defendant of the charge after hearing this evidence, or that they would acquit them?
If the decision-maker's assessment is that the court would be more likely than not to convict the person of the charge, the evidential test has been met and they can move on to consider the public interest stage.
If the evidential test is not met, the charge cannot proceed, no matter how serious or sensitive it may be.
Public interest stage
In cases which pass the evidential stage, the decision maker must go on to consider the public interest stage. They must balance factors for and against prosecution carefully and fairly, decide how important each factor is in the circumstances of the case and make an overall assessment. Each case is unique and must be considered on its own facts and merits.
Public interest factors that can affect the decision to prosecute include:
seriousness of the offence
suspect's level of culpability
circumstances of and harm caused to the victim
if the suspect is under 18 at the time of the offence
impact on the community
whether prosecution is a proportionate response, eg, is a nominal penalty likely?
whether sources of information or national security could be harmed.
A prosecution should usually take place, unless there are public interest factors tending against prosecution which outweigh those tending in favour. Sometimes an out-of-court-disposal may serve the public interest better than prosecution. In other cases, although public interest factors against prosecution may exist, it may still be appropriate to prosecute and put those factors before the court as relevant mitigation on sentence.
Threshold Test
Where a suspect who is in police custody presents a substantial bail risk if released, but not all of the evidence in the case is yet available, a preliminary assessment of the evidence may be made under the Threshold Test. This allows the police to charge the suspect and bring them before a court in custody without applying the Full Code Test.
There are strict criteria for applying the Threshold Test. All of the following conditions must be met:
insufficient evidence is currently available to apply the evidential stage of the Full Code Test
there are reasonable grounds to believe that further evidence will become available within a reasonable period
the seriousness or circumstances of the case justify making an immediate charging decision and
there are substantial grounds under the Bail Act 1976 to detain the suspect in custody after charge and an application to withhold bail can properly be made at court by a prosecutor.
If any of these conditions are not met, the Threshold Test cannot be applied or the suspect charged.
When considering the evidence under the Threshold Test, the decision maker must ask:
Is there a reasonable suspicion that the suspect has committed the offence?
The evidence currently available must be relevant and capable of being put into admissible format for presentation in court, and would be used in the case.
Can further evidence be gathered to provide a realistic prospect of conviction?
There must be reasonable grounds to believe that further investigation will provide additional identifiable (not merely speculative) evidence within a reasonable period of time. The evidence as a whole should then be capable of meeting the Full Code Test, ie, provide a realistic prospect of conviction.
If both parts of the Threshold Test are met, the public interest stage of the Full Code Test should be considered, based on the information available at the time.
Prosecutors must keep any decision to charge under the Threshold Test under review. They should regularly assess the evidence gathered to ensure the charge is still appropriate and that continued objection to bail is justified. The Full Code Test must be applied as soon as reasonably practicable and, in any event, before any custody time limits expire. The charging decision should be recorded on the MG3/3A forms.
The Threshold Test is not a shortcut to obtaining a charging decision to place offenders before a court quickly. If a suspect is deemed suitable to be released on bail, the investigation should be completed and the Full Code Test applied.
CPS advice
The police may seek CPS advice throughout the investigating and prosecuting process. This includes assistance in any pre-charge procedures.
Early consultations need not be restricted to cases that pass the Threshold Test, or where there is already an identifiable suspect. They may take place in any case where the early involvement of a prosecutor would assist in gathering relevant evidence. A brief written record of the consultation should be made.
Prior to CPS referral, investigators must ensure that the key evidence required to make decisions in the cases is obtained, and that all reasonable lines of enquiry have been pursued.
Pre-charge referral to the CPS
Summonsing
A summons secures the appearance of a defendant before a magistrates' court. The police provide information or a prosecutor presents information which alleges a crime before a magistrate, resulting in a summons being issued.
This requires the accused to attend court on a specified day to answer the allegations in the information. Traditionally, a summons may be presented to the accused by post or by handing it to him or her.
Postal requisitions and postal charging
Section 29 and section 30 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003
Postal requisitioning may be used to completely replace the summons process, ending the requirement to lay information before the court to issue a summons. Postal charging replaces the charging process in appropriate cases, ie, where the person is released on unconditional police bail awaiting a charging decision.
In all aspects of managing offenders, officers should be familiar with the requirement to consult CPS prosecutors to obtain early legal advice and decisions on charges.
Preparing a file of evidence
Director of Public Prosecutions (2013) The Director's Guidance on Charging – 5th Edition
The Prosecution Team (2011) Manual of Guidance: For the preparation, processing and submission of prosecution files (incorporating National File Standard 2015)
Complete list of MG forms
Once a court date is agreed and a case is to proceed, the prosecution file for the first hearing must be created proportionately to the requirements of that hearing, while at the same time providing the prosecutor with sufficient information to be able to conclude the case if the plea is guilty. It must also enable the prosecutor to conduct an effective plea and case management hearing to identify the contested issues if a not guilty plea is entered. The only exception to this requirement is where the charging decision has been made applying the Threshold Test.
National file standard
The national file standard (NFS) provides for a staged and proportionate approach to the preparation of case files. It specifies the material required for the first hearing and identifies how the file is to be developed at appropriate stages throughout the life of the case.
The NFS provides the prosecutor, the defence and the court with information proportionate and necessary to progress the case. The standard should continue to be used to develop the file should it be required to proceed to summary trial, committal or sending to the crown court for jury trial.
CPS (2005) Disclosure Manual
Third party disclosure – Road traffic collisions
Disclosure refers to providing the defence with copies of, or access to, any material which might reasonably be considered capable of undermining the case for the prosecution against the accused, or of assisting the case for the accused, and which has not previously been disclosed. The police must retain and record any unused material, ie, material that may be relevant to the investigation that has been retained but does not form part of the case for the prosecution against the accused.
The disclosure process is a statutory duty under the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (CPIA) and its code of practice. There is also a common law duty on the prosecutor to disclose material before the duty arises under the Act where it is significant, eg, a victim's previous convictions or information that might affect a bail decision. The police also have a duty to provide the CPS with information that may mitigate the seriousness of an offence. The investigator must inform the prosecutor as early as possible of any material that weakens the case against the accused.
The CPIA sets out distinct roles relating to disclosure which impose different duties on the police, including those of the investigator, officer in charge and disclosure officer.
Circumstances for disclosure
Not everything that is revealed to the CPS is disclosed to the defence. Generally, a prosecutor's duty to disclose unused material to the defence is triggered by:
a not guilty plea in the magistrates' court
a committal, eg, the service of evidence in an indictable only case sent to the crown court or on transfer of a case for trial to the crown court.
The duty of disclosure continues for as long as proceedings remain, whether at first instance or on appeals against conviction and/or sentence.
All unused material is revealed to the prosecutor on schedules (see CPS (2005) Disclosure Manual for full details). There is an agreement between the CPS and ACPO that crime reports and incident logs will be revealed to the CPS as a matter of routine. In addition, a broad spectrum of other material will also form part of disclosure.
Recording disclosure material
APP on information management
Information must be recorded at the time it is obtained or seized, or as soon as is practicable after that. Material must be recorded in a durable or retrievable form. If it is not practicable to retain the original record, eg, because it forms part of a larger record which is to be destroyed, the information must be transferred accurately to a durable and easily retrievable form. Photocopies are acceptable. Details of relevant phone calls concerning a case must also be recorded.
APP on information sharing agreements
Effective policing relies on the police service to communicate and share information with a wide range of partners. These include CJ partners and, for example:
adult and children's social care services
mental health agencies which provide patients with escorted or unescorted leave into the community
healthcare bodies
voluntary sector agencies.
Making a Difference: Reducing Bureaucracy and Red Tape in the Criminal Justice System, s 4.4
The Prosecution Team (2011) Manual of Guidance: For the preparation, processing and submission of prosecution files, s 2.6.2
Joint performance standards for the management of the charging process enable the police and CPS to monitor and actively manage the quality and volume of cases that are referred for prosecution. ACPO and the CPS have developed the joint performance standards, which outline charging standards for different crime types.
Cross-jurisdictional prosecutions
Cases that are not solely confined to the jurisdiction of England and Wales may require a cross-jurisdictional prosecution. Where a substantial number of the activities constituting a crime take place in England and Wales, the courts of England and Wales have jurisdiction unless it can be argued that the conduct ought to be dealt with by the courts of another country. See European investigations.
First published: 23 October 2013 Last modified: 1 July 2019


If you really want to enjoy the healthy balance of ingredients in Chinese dishes, you can take matters into your own hands.
This chicken and shiitake mushroom lo mein has all the flavor of the restaurant version, but just 4 teaspoons of oil and a lot less sodium.
Start by substituting whole-wheat spaghetti for the traditional lo mein noodles. This adds fiber and a pleasant, nutty flavor.
Next, for both the sauce and the chicken marinade, use dark soy sauce.
This is richer, sweeter and more full bodied than traditional soy sauce, and that means you can use less and cut the sodium.
Finally, use a nonstick skillet or a well-seasoned wok in order to get away with using a small amount of oil.
Peanut oil is an excellent choice for stir-frying because it can be heated to a relatively high temperature and adds a nice peanut flavor.
To make the sauce, in a small bowl whisk together the broth, cornstarch, dark soy sauce, brown sugar and oyster sauce. Set aside.
To prepare the stir-fry, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the spaghetti and cook according to package directions. Drain and set aside.
Meanwhile, in a medium bowl, whisk together the egg white, cornstarch, dark soy sauce and 1 teaspoon of the oil. Add the chicken and mix thoroughly.
In a large nonstick skillet or wok, heat 1 teaspoon of the oil over medium-high. Swirl the oil to coat the bottom of the pan. Add the onion and stir-fry, until softened, about 3 minutes.
Add the mushrooms, carrots, bell pepper and scallions. Stir-fry until the vegetables are softened, about 5 minutes. Transfer to a serving platter and set aside.
Return the skillet to medium-high and add another teaspoon of the oil. Swirl the oil to coat the bottom of the pan. Add the chicken in an even layer and cook for 3 minutes.
Turn the chicken and cook, until no longer pink in the center, about the 3 minutes more.
Push the chicken to the sides of the pan and add the last teaspoon of oil to the center. Add the garlic and ginger and stir-fry until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Stir the reserved sauce to recombine and add to the center of the pan; cook until the sauce begins to bubble and thicken, about 2 minutes.
Add the cooked spaghetti to the pan, along with the reserved vegetables. Toss to coat with sauce and continue cooking, until the lo mein is heated through, about 4 minutes more. Serve.
Nutrition information per serving (values are rounded to the nearest whole number): 329 calories; 36 calories from fat; 4 g fat (1 g saturated; 0 g trans fats); 33 mg cholesterol; 54 g carbohydrate; 23 g protein; 7 g fiber; 185 mg sodium.


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< Former sports editor Greenberg to leave Chelsea
Walker motors his way into commentary box >
Why is the IOC keeping journalists from its members?
The meetings of the International Olympic Committee in Copenhagen were subject to unprecedented security on Friday, ahead of the vote for the 2016 Games host city, because of the presence of Barack Obama.
But why, asks the press corps in the Danish capital, is media access being denied in the IOC hotel and other areas now that the US President has flown home?
The Denmark-based sports press lobby group Play The Game carries this report:
First the International Olympic Committee (IOC) denied journalists access to the Marriott Hotel in Copenhagen, where the 106 IOC-members stay during their 121st session and 13th Olympic congress. This was on Thursday.
Then more than 1.400 media representatives where parted from the IOC-members by hundreds of police officers and security staff during the election of the host city for the Olympics 2016, which where won by Rio de Janeiro. This was on Friday.
The restrictions on Friday were partly understandable. But even when the first Olympic Congress in 15 years opened on Saturday, and the large majority of the international media had already left Copenhagen, the IOC decided to limit the media access to the members of the IOC and representatives from 33 international sports federations, 205 national Olympic committees and 35 invited sports federations, which are not members of the Olympic family.
On the first day of the Olympic Congress there where around 100 to maximum 200 journalists left in the Bella Congress Center. But for the first time in many years at IOC meetings only 17 journalists with a special license from the IOC where allowed to ask questions to the IOC-members and the delegates in the lobby during lunch and coffee breaks. That has been normal procedure for all accredited journalists at IOC sessions and also at the last Olympic Congress held in Paris in 1994 under the presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch.
The limited access to the IOC members and the IOC-listing of journalists in A and B groups, where only the first group are able to do their job by asking questions about the discussions and decisions made at the Olympic Congress where not popular among the journalists, even among the 17 journalists with full access.
The IOC Communications department, headed by Communications Director Mark Adams, did not provide full information about the procedures, neither before nor during the Congress.
We asked Mark Adams the following questions:
* Why are journalists not allowed to attend the Congress?
* Why are journalists not allowed to have full access?
* Why do journalists not even get the Congress Documentation?
* Just to make it very clear: I fully understand the extraordinary conditions over the last few days. I am not talking about restrictions during the 2016 decision due to security and other reasons. But I am talking about the freedom of press and the working conditions at the Congress and the following days of the 121st IOC session
Mr Adams replied within a few minutes. He wrote:
"I'd hoped we were providing good conditions – sorry if you didn't feel this was the case. (…) On the access question: The rules were made like that I think when we had 2000 journalists in attendance. I realize that has changed now and I'm working on at least allowing some access. (…) You can appreciate that logistics at such events are always a little fraught!"
Within a few hours of discussion some journalists who found their names on a special list were provided with an armwrist to get access to the lobby area. The authors of this article got different access: One from the 3rd to 5th of October (Weinreich) and one only for the 3rd of October (Jørgensen). Other journalists who are Olympic writers and are following IOC events over decades did not get anything at this time. It was more than confusing.
At 6.30 pm the daily Press Briefing was open for all journalists – whether wearing an armwrist or not.
Mr Adams explained that he has organised "the system I was asked to do". His boss is the IOC President Jacques Rogge.
Mr Adams was grilled by the international media. The briefing had no other topics. Mark Adams promised changes for the following days including the full information on all schedules, speakers, themes and times — which were not given out before.
He excused saying that the IOC had expected more journalists at the Congress. He said, 20 to 30 journalists will be given full access at the following days — and much more in the lobby area. But he wasn't clear about whether every accredited reporter or not will be allowed in the lobby area. He said, the delegates (including IOC members) "want to have a quiet meeting". He used the expression "sensitive access" for media. It is still unclear if microphones are allowed in that area.
To the remark that this is the most secret and closed IOC meeting for many years, Mr Adams replied: "Unfortunately, I can't give you a historical view."
Gianni Merlo, President of the International Press Sports Association (AIPS) was also attending the press conference and tried to solve the problem. "This is unfair. We are here to talk to IOC members. And we don't want to be listed as A and B journalists. It's complete nonsense to prevent us access to the delegates."
Alain Lunzenfichter, President of the Olympic Journalists Association, said Friday, that he would take action, if the media wasn't given access to the Official IOC-hotel after the election of the Olympic host city.
So far the IOC Press Commission has not made any remarks about the matter. But after the massive critique from the Congress journalists, they will discuss the topic, Mr Adams stated out, before he concluded:
"Thanks, this was the most enjoyable press briefing."
Click here for more recent articles on journalism, sport and sports journalism
SJA members can cast their votes for the Sportsman, Sportswoman and Team of the Year by clicking here.
Categories: AIPS, London 2012, Olympics

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The Subtle Landscape
Nature speaks to those who listen – Michael Carey
« Be Careful With What It Thinks
Ripple Patterns »
Pas Timide
Can you believe the news of men of late? Deeds done that you'd call inane if not for collateral damage, ramifications, and victims? A presidential candidate with a love child. A governor with one too. A congressman broadcasting his 'package'. The French president of the International Monetary Fund accused of violent sexual abuse. Jeesh. Brings to mind the first line of a Neruda poem: "It so happens I am sick of being a man".
Well, I don't wish I played for another team and understand those actions to be, like, mutations in the drive without which none of us would be here. Still, what's up? Take the last incident cited above. How could one of the most prominent men on the planet undertake such horror? From whence could he have come?
First reports from France conveyed a sense of outrage for the fact that a front runner for their next presidential campaign was seen across all media doing a perp walk. Soon though came reports of other unwanted encounters with DSK and then, amazingly, of a broader related permeation of French society.
It was incredible to listen to a female editor of the prominent French newspaper, Le Monde, describe conditions for women, though not perfect, as much better here in the USA than en France. This from a culture in which the employment of idiomatic Americanisms can be illegal and American taste and popular culture vilified.
Made me break out de Tocqueville. "In France… women commonly receive a reserved, retired, and almost conventual education… then they are suddenly abandoned, without a guide and without assistance, in the midst of all the irregularities inseparable from democratic society."
"Long before an American girl arrives at the marriageable age, her emancipation from maternal control begins: she has scarcely ceased to be a child, when she already thinks for herself, speaks with freedom, and acts on her own impulse. It is rare that an American woman, at any age, displays childish timidity or ignorance."
Democracy in America was first published in France en Francais in 1835. Perhaps "plus ca change plus ca meme chose" – More things change the more they remain the same. The American women with whom I'm most familiar would most definitely not be taken for ignorant or timid. Toward one should an uninvited paw be extended, a bloody stump would be what was pulled back.
*Walking Around
**cf post of 10/9/09 for more examples of neat stuff us guys think up
This entry was posted on June 17, 2011 at 9:51 pm and is filed under consciousness/psychology, Family, Literature.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Q: Is the expression `requires { typename enable_if_t>; }` the same as `fun_v` "by definition" for any meta-predicate fun_v? I'm reading Josuttis' C++20 the Complete Guide, and I think I've absorbed that a clause like the one in the template below
template<typename T>
requires requires { typename std::remove_const_t<T>; }
…

is completely useless as it resolves to requires true because remove_const_t always returns a type when given a type.
However, I reasoned, that's not the case, for instance, for enable_if, so I came up with
requires { typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>>; }

Now, since the requires expression simply checks that the requirements in the {…} are well-formed, I think that's basically what the following does
std::is_integral_v<T>

It seems pretty uncontroversial to me, but I'm asking because I'm new to C++ concepts and it is perfectly possible that I'm making a mistake.

A: When the variable template fun_v is unconstrained, the two are equivalent.
However, fun_v may be constrained, in which case it cannot be used in the function, nor as the condition of if constexpr, since it will result in a hard error when T does not satisfy the constraint.
requires { typename enable_if_t<fun_v<T>>; } is not the case, when fun_v<T> does not satisfy the constraint, the expression in the requires-clause is not well-formed so it will be simply evaluated as false (which is basically equivalent to requires { requires fun_v<T>; }).
The following shows the difference:
template<class>
  requires false
constexpr bool fun_v = true;

template<class T>
void f() {
  fun_v<T>;
}

template<class T>
void g() {
  requires { typename std::enable_if_t<fun_v<T>>; };
}

f<int>(); // hard error
g<int>(); // well-formed

A: It works because std::enable_if is implemented as follows:
template<bool B, class T = void>
struct enable_if {};
template<class T>
struct enable_if<true, T> { typedef T type; };
When the fun_v<T> is true, the second template is used and the constraint is satisfied, since it simply checks if type is well-formed (in this case, it must simply exist, and does not matter if it is defined as void or something else), and likewise, when the fun_v<T> is false, the first template is used and the constraint is not satisfied, since type is not well-formed.
So, you can use std::enable_if to create a constraint in this way, but it is nonsense. In fact, if you read the information about what is std::enable_if, you will find this sentence: "This metafunction is a convenient way to leverage SFINAE prior to C++20's concepts, in particular for conditionally removing functions from the candidate set based on type traits, allowing separate function overloads or specializations based on those different type traits".  Then, there is no sense to mix SFINAE and C++20's concepts.

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text:
https://www.carredartistes.com/us/art-online-gallery-contemporary-artist-nicole-garilli/21756-unique-contemporary-artwork-nicole-garilli-vive-les-vacances.html 21756 Vive les vacances https://media.carredartistes.com/us/28655/unique-contemporary-artwork-nicole-garilli-vive-les-vacances.jpg 390 390 USD InStock Accueil/Paintings/ Accueil/10x10" / 25x25 cm/ Accueil/Artists/E-H/Nicole Garilli/ Accueil/Paintings/Figurative painting/ Accueil/Technics/Mixed techniques/ Artwork delivered with a matThe original and unique artwork Vive les vacances is a creation from the artist Nicole Garilli, who makes figurative paintings full of life, often about music, where a lot of expressions can be felt. USD-ANY-ANY https://media.carredartistes.com/us/28655/unique-contemporary-artwork-nicole-garilli-vive-les-vacances.jpg add-to-cart Nicole Garilli 10x10" / 25x25 cm USD-NL-ANY 390 390 USD InStock USD-MX-ANY 390 390 USD InStock USD-FR-ANY 390 390 USD InStock
Accueil/Artists/E-H/Nicole Garilli/
Nicole Garilli
Unique artwork Vive les vacances from the artist Nicole Garilli, Figurative style
Vive les vacances
Artwork's size:10x10" / 25x25 cm
$390 or 3 × $130
The original and unique artwork Vive les vacances is a creation from the artist Nicole Garilli, who makes figurative paintings full of life, often about music, where a lot of expressions can be felt.
With a father who was a cabaret musician, Nicole grew up in an artistic environment. Music was present from a very early age. As a little girl, she was engaged in all kinds of creative activities (painting, drawing, sewing, making bead necklaces...) all carried out to the fevered rhythm of Jazz music. This first contact with art influenced her understanding of everyday life. Unknowingly, Nicole was moving towards an artistic destiny, but her choice of studies led her away from her original purpose. After a Masters in Economics at the University…


A light table is a handy tool to have if you are an illustrator. It eliminates the use of rubber erasers and makes your work faster and more efficient. But those things cost money, especially the high end ones like from Copic. Basically they range anywhere from $50 and even up to $600.
I bought a LED light strip on eBay. It came with a power source and converter so I didn't have to worry about the power source. But there are a couple of ways you can make your own power source for projects like this. One way would be to use an old computer power supply or an old phone charger. But make sure you adjust for your LEDs voltage and that you are sure that you know what you are doing.
I bought a clear 2mm thick polystyrene plate. You can use any number of materials for the top plate. The ideal thing would be to use a milky white polystyrene plate because it diffuses the light but they are a bit more expensive (not by much though).
I already had some spare wood and wire lying around so I didn't have to worry about that. That put me at a grand total of about €15 or $17.
I made a wooden frame with a thin wood panel for the bottom. Next I drilled 4 holes in the sides. I did this because I was afraid these cheapo LEDs would overheat easily but they don't so… yeah… The box is about 5cm thick so it's not really THAT big but it could have been smaller.
I glued the led strip in sections. Because this was a cheapo led strip it had no markings for polarity or direction the strip runs in so before I cut it up I made sure to mark the strip myself. Then I soldered wires across the strip to reconnect it. Technically I could have just glued the entire strip uncut but then the strip would create folds in the curves and it would look like a mess. I like things tidy. If you don't know how to solder you don't have to I just think it looks neater this way.
Then I screwed the bottom panel on to the frame. You could also glue it but in case any of your LEDs die out the rest of the strip doesn't work and you would have a hard time with fixing it. This way I can remove the panel any time I want and mess around with the guts of the box easier.
I super glued the power plug in one of the 4 holes in the side panel of the frame.
Then I cut the polystyrene plate to size (basically I just shortened it) so it fit in to the wooden frame.
Now I just plugged in the power source and it works. The screen is VERY bright without paper on it.
But when you put paper on it it's just right actually. I could have used one less LED strip now that I think about it.
There are tons of other ways you can make a simple light table. I've seen people make them out of old, broken, flat monitors or TV's. I've seen even simpler solutions with plastic tupperware boxes and flashlights. I'll link some websites below for you to look at.


text:
Republicans for Security, Opportunity, Liberty and Victory that Endures.
Hurricane Deception
By Steve Woodward
The tweet was snarky, as is to be expected. It speculated that President Donald Trump cancelled a scheduled trip to Poland, not because of the looming threat of Hurricane Dorian, but because he is lazy and needed an excuse to spend the holiday weekend playing golf, as usual.
Imagine the false outrage had Trump made the trip to Poland? The twitter-sphere would have condemned him for abandoning the homeland amid yet another climate change-generated natural disaster. Dorian is Trump's Katrina!
Over on Facebook, we've encountered a chorus of whiners reacting to Trump's forthcoming appearance in Fayetteville, NC (Sept. 9), on the eve of a special election for a U.S. congressional seat in NC-9. The outrage centers on a narrative that Trump's 2020 campaign is saddling municipalities with unprecedented costs, closing in on $1 million, for additional security and other logistical needs when he rolls into to town for his signature rallies.
Naturally, no one mentions how the campaigns of sitting presidents seeking re-election handled these costs in the past. George W. Bush and Barack Obama were called out for similar fiscal "abuses". Obama used Air Force One to travel with then Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton for a 2016 joint campaign appearance, but a Bush era ethics lawyer had no issues with the arrangement.
It's an unavoidable problem, Richard Painter said in an interview with ABC News, for presidents who are simultaneously commanders-in-chiefs and the leaders of their respective political parties.
"I don't think this is controversial," Painter said. "A president that won't campaign for his own party isn't the leader of his own party. If someone claimed that President Bush was abusing taxpayer money to campaign, we would have laughed at that."
But in the era of Trump this type of reasoned analysis is no longer possible. The narratives build one upon the other in the media's endless quest to diminish him and marginalize his administration and supporters. His campaign doesn't reimburse? Of course not, as a businessman he was famous, or so it goes, for refusing to pay contractors what they were owed. Everybody knows that (because it has been repeated for three years running). He's lazy because he plays rounds of golf despite working more hours than any president since perhaps Abe Lincoln (never mentioned), and granting more media access than any president ever (not even close).
Authors Gary Marcus and Annie Duke explain how unrelenting fake news perpetuates Trump delusion syndrome in a piece they co-authored for The Wall Street Journal, which lays out how the Left and its compliant media hold the truth hostage so effectively. It is a simple matter of exploiting behavior.
In a world of information overload and distraction wrought by technology and daily life as we know it "we tend to assume that whatever we hear is true." Admittedly, this is an objectionable generalization but it is not aimed at readers of this blog. It is aimed at the growing sector of society identified by Rush Limbaugh as the "low information voter."
The authors site numerous studies that have demonstrated how vulnerable human beings are to being snookered. A 2017 study by faculty at New York University examined around 500,000 social media messages. Subtle words such as "hate", "destroy" or "blame" accelerate the spread of these messages by 20% per emotional word.
"Fake news tends to avoid nuance or neutral language and frequently adds layers of emotion and moralizing — all of which makes false items spread much faster than the real thing," Marcus and Duke wrote. They conclude a war can be waged on fake news by teaching "information literacy" across all age groups.
In WSJ August 31 – September 1 editions, the newspaper profiles prolific novelist Salmon Rushdie. His 14th just-published novel is a contemporary version of a 17th-century classic, "Don Quixote". His motivation for writing it partially draws on the fake news and reality TV phenomena from which almost no one readily escapes.
"We live in a moment in which truth is stranger than fiction," Rushdie says, "and so the fiction has to decide how strange it needs to be in order to get close to the truth."
This week's fictional thread, which inevitably will work its way back to the Trump White House, is that Hurricane Dorian is another in a series of monster storms delivering "unprecedented" fury.
"The truth is that the storms that are hitting the Caribbean with this intense magnitude are historic, unprecedented, and these storms are manmade storms," contends Emory University Prof. Tiphanie Yanique in a televised interview with the independent news hour Democracy Now.
The guest and her interviewer, both clearly in lockstep with the climate change narrative, failed to address a well documented chronology of Category 5 hurricanes. The first Cat 5 hurricane in the Atlantic Basin was recorded in 1924, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), followed by 34 more through this year. Only four have hit the United States as a Cat 5 across 95 years.
Now, test your information literacy as you read this concluding sentence: The most intense Cat 5 hurricane to make U.S. landfall hit the Florida Keys on Labor Day 1935. President Roosevelt was blamed, along with climate change.
Author ResolvePosted on September 3, 2019 Categories 2020 elections, Fake news, Identity politics, Trump PresidencyTags Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, NOAA, Political correctness, President Bush, Supreme Court, Twitter1 Comment on Hurricane Deception
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Researchers doped synthetic phosphogypsum with six rare-earth elements and studied solutions that could extract the elements.
To test whether rare-earth elements could be obtained from PG, researchers doped synthetic phosphogypsum with six rare-earth elements—yttrium, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium and ytterbium. They then studied various solutions that could be used to extract the elements.
In addition to INL and Rutgers scientists, the team included researchers from OLI Systems Inc.; University of California, Davis; and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
The research was conducted with support from the Critical Materials Institute, an Energy Innovation Hub led by the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory and supported by DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Advanced Manufacturing Office, which supports early-stage research to advance innovation in U.S. manufacturing and promote American economic growth and energy security. CMI seeks ways to eliminate and reduce reliance on rare-earth metals and other materials critical to the success of clean energy technologies.
April 16, 2019 - SA closer to producing valuable rare earth minerals Moneyweb.co.zaPlans to reopen the Steenkampskraal mine, which sits on one of the world's largest reserves of strategic rare earth minerals, are proceeding steadily.
April 12, 2019 - Texas Mineral Resources Consortium Successfully Produces Multiple High-Purity Rare Earth Elements from Pennsylvania Coal Mining Waste Material NasdaqSIERRA BLANCA, TX, April 12, 2019-- via NEWMEDIAWIRE-- Texas Mineral Resources Corp.:. ·Minerals were produced during Phase One of a $1 million DoE.
April 1, 2019 - Billions in the Ground: The Race to Harvest North Korea's Rare Earth Reserves The National Interest OnlineRecent studies suggest that North Korea could have the world's largest deposit of rare earth elements.
April 16, 2019 - Global Rare Earth Market: Development History, Current Analysis and Estimated Forecast to 2025 Industrial JournalismGlobal Rare Earth Market Report is the new offering at 'The Market Reports' which covers key company profile, their market share and other key details.


text:
Adenozin monofosfat (-{AMP}-), ili 5'-adenilna kiselina, je nukleotid koji je -{RNK}- gradivni blok. Ovo jedinjenje je ester fosforne kiseline i nukleozida adenozina. -{AMP}- se sastoji od fosfatne grupe, šećera riboze, i nukleobaze adenina. Kao supstituent on se označava prefiksom adenilil-.

Proizvodnja i degradacija

-{AMP}- se može proizvesti tokom -{ATP}- sinteze enzimom adenilat kinaza kombinovanjem dva -{ADP}- molekula:

 -{2 ADP → ATP + AMP}-

Alternativno -{AMP}- se može proizvesti hidrolizom jedne visokoenergijske fosfatne -{ADP}- veze:

 -{ADP → AMP + Pi}-

-{AMP}- može takođe biti formiran hidrolizom -{ATP}- u -{AMP}- i pirofosfat:

 -{ATP → AMP + PPi}-

Kad se -{RNK}- razlaže u živim sistemima, nukleozid monofosfati, poput adenozin monofosfata, se formiraju.

-{AMP}- se može regenerisati u -{ATP}- na sledeći način:

 -{AMP + ATP → 2 ADP}- (adenilat kinaza u suprotnom pravcu)
 -{ADP + Pi → ATP}- (ovaj step se najčešće izvodi u aerobima putem -{ATP}- sintaze tokom oksidativne fosforilacije)

-{AMP}- može biti konvertovan u -{IMP}- enzimom mioadenilat deaminaza, odstranjenjem jedne amino grupe.

U kataboličkim putevima, adenozin monofosfat može biti konvertovan u uričnu kiselinu, koja se izlučuje iz tela.

Vidi još
 DNK
 Oligonukleotid
 Fosfodiesteraza

Reference

Dodatna literatura

Spoljašnje veze

Нуклеотиди
Пурини
Органофосфати

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Tomb of Tutankhamun
Luxor, Egypt
What`s here?
History and museums
egyptian site, ancient site, tombs
KV62 is the standard Egyptological designation for the tomb of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, now renowned for the wealth of valuable antiquities it contained. The tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, underneath the remains of workmen's huts built during the Ramesside Period; this explains why it was largely spared from desecration and from the tomb clearances at the end of the 20th Dynasty, although the tomb was robbed and resealed twice in the period after its completion.
The tomb was densely packed with items in great disarray, partly due to its small size, the two robberies, and the apparently hurried nature of its completion. Due to the state of the tomb, and to Carter's meticulous recording technique, the tomb took eight years to empty, the contents all being transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Tutankhamun's tomb had been entered at least twice, not long after he was buried and well before Carter's discovery. The outermost doors of the shrines enclosing the king's nested coffins were unsealed, though the inner two shrines (three and four) remained intact and sealed.
Discovery of the tomb
In 1907, just before his discovery of the tomb of Horemheb, Theodore M. Davis's team uncovered a small site containing funerary artifacts with Tutankhamun's name and some embalming parts. Assuming that this site, numbered finally as KV54, was Tutankhamun's complete tomb, Davis concluded the dig. The details of both findings are documented in Davis's 1912 publication, The Tombs of Harmhabi and Touatânkhamanou; the book closes with the comment, "I fear that the Valley of the Kings is now exhausted." But Davis was to be proven spectacularly wrong.
The British Egyptologist Howard Carter (employed by Lord Carnarvon) hired a crew to help him excavate at the site of KV62. Carter went back to a line of huts that he had abandoned a few seasons earlier. After clearance of the huts and rock debris beneath, they found a stone step cut into the bedrock. A flight of steps was partially uncovered, leading to the top of a mud-plastered doorway stamped with indistinct oval seals, called cartouches. Carter ordered the staircase to be refilled, and sent a telegram to Carnarvon, who arrived two-and-a-half weeks later on 23rd November along with his 21-year-old daughter, Lady Evelyn Herbert.
The excavators cleared the stairway completely, which allowed clearer seals lower down on the door to be read, seals bearing the name of Tutankhamun. However, further examination showed that the door blocking had been breached and resealed on at least two occasions. Clearing the blocking led to a downward corridor that was completely blocked with packed limestone chippings, through which a robbers' tunnel had been excavated and anciently refilled. At the end of the tunnel was a second sealed door that had been breached and re-sealed in antiquity. Carter then made a hole in the door, and used a candle to check for foul gases, before looking inside.
'At first I could see nothing,' he would later write, 'the hot air escaping from the chamber causing the candle flame to flicker, but presently, as my eyes grew accustomed to the light, details of the room within emerged slowly from the mist, strange animals, statues, and gold - everywhere the glint of gold'.
The first step to the stairs was found on November 4, 1922. The following day saw the exposure of a complete staircase. The end of November saw access to the antechamber and the discovery of the annex, and then the burial chamber and treasury. On November 29, the tomb was opened, and the first announcement and press conference followed the next day. The first item was removed from the tomb on December 27.
On February 16, 1923, the burial chamber was opened, and on April 5, Lord Carnarvon died.
On February 12, 1924, the granite lid of the sarcophagus was raised. In April, Carter argued with the Antiquities Service and left the excavation for the United States.
In January 1925, Carter resumed activities in the tomb, and on October 13, he removed the cover of the first sarcophagus; on October 23, he removed the cover of the second sarcophagus; on October 28, the team removed the cover of the final sarcophagus and exposed the mummy; and on November 11, the examination of the remains of Tutankhamun started.
Work started in the treasury on October 24, 1926, and between October 30 and December 15, 1927, the annex was emptied and examined. On November 10, 1930, eight years after the discovery, the last objects were removed from the tomb.
Layout of tomb
In design, the tomb appears to have originally been intended for a private individual, not for royalty. There is some evidence to suggest that the tomb was adapted for a royal occupant during its excavation. This may be supported by the fact that only the burial chamber walls were decorated, unlike royal tombs in which nearly all walls were painted with scenes from the Book of the Dead.
Starting from a small, level platform, 16 steps descend to the first doorway, which was sealed and plastered – although it had been penetrated by grave robbers at least twice in antiquity.
Entrance corridor
Beyond the first doorway, a descending corridor leads to the second sealed door, and into the room that Carter described as the Antechamber. This was used originally to hold material left over from the funeral and material associated with the embalming of the king. After an initial robbery, this material was either moved into the tomb proper, or to KV54, and the corridor was sealed with packed limestone chippings which covered some debris from the first robbery. A later robbery broke through the outer door and excavated a tunnel through the chippings to the second door. The robbery was discovered and the second door was resealed, the tunnel refilled, and the outer door sealed again.
Antechamber
The undecorated antechamber was found to be in a state of "organized chaos", partly due to ransacking during the robberies, and contained approximately 700 objects (articles 14 to 171 in the Carter catalogue) amongst which were three funeral beds, one decorated with the heads of lions (the Goddess Mehet), one with the heads of spotted cattle (representing the great flood, or Mehet-Uret) and one featuring a composite animal with the body of a lion, the tail of a hippopotamus, and the head of a crocodile (representing the corpse-devourer Ammit). Perhaps the most remarkable item in this room were the components, stacked, of four chariots of which one was possibly used for hunting, one for "war" and another two for parades.
Burial chamber
This is the only decorated chamber in the tomb, with scenes from the Opening of the mouth ceremony (showing Ay, Tutankhamun's successor acting as the king's son, despite being older than he is) and Tutankhamun with the goddess Nut on the north wall, the first hour of Amduat (on the west wall), spell one of the Book of the Dead (on the east wall) and representations of the king with various deities (Anubis, Isis, Hathor and others now destroyed) on the south wall. The north wall shows Tutankhamen being followed by his Ka, being welcomed to the underworld by Osiris.
Some of the treasures in Tutankhamun's tomb are noted for their apparent departure from traditional depictions of the boy king. Certain cartouches where a king's name should appear have been altered, as if to reuse the property of a previous pharaoh—has often occurred. However, this instance may simply be the product of "updating" the artifacts to reflect the shift from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun. Other differences are less easy to explain, such as the older, more angular facial features of the middle coffin and canopic coffinettes. The most widely accepted theory for these latter variations is that the items were originally intended for Smenkhkare, who may or may not be the mysterious KV55 mummy. This mummy, according to craniological examinations, bears a striking first-order (father-to-son, brother-to-brother) relationship to Tutankhamun.
The entire chamber was occupied by four gilded wooden shrines which surrounded the king's sarcophagus. The outer shrine (1 in the cross-section) measured 5.08 x 3.28 x 2.75 m and 32 mm thick, almost entirely filling the room, with only 60 cm at either end and less than 30 cm on the sides. Outside of the shrines were 11 paddles for the "solar boat", containers for scents, and lamps decorated with images of the God Hapi.
The fourth and last shrine (4) was 2.90 m long and 1.48 m wide. The wall decorations depict the king's funeral procession, and Nut was painted on the ceiling, "embracing" the sarcophagus with her wings.
This sarcophagus was constructed in granite (a in the cross-section). Each corner of the main body and lid were carved from stone of different colours. It appears to have been constructed for another owner, but then recarved for Tutankhamen; the identity of the original owner is not preserved. In each corner a protective goddess (Isis, Nephthys, Serket and Neith) guards the body.
Inside, the king's body was placed within three mummiform coffins, the outer two made of gilded wood while the innermost was composed of 110.4 kg of pure gold. The mummy itself was adorned with a gold mask, mummy bands and other funerary items. The funerary mask is made of gold, inlaid with lapis lazuli, carnelian, quartz, obsidian, turquoise and glass and faience, and weighs 11 kg.
The treasury was the burial chamber's only side-room and was accessible by an unblocked doorway. It contained over 5,000 catalogued objects, most of them funerary and ritual in nature. Also found within the chamber were thirty six wine jars, containing the residue of vintage wines. The two largest objects found in this room were the king's elaborate canopic chest and a large statue of Anubis. Other items included numerous shrines containing gilded statuettes of the king and deities, model boats and two more chariots. This room also held two mummies of fetuses that some consider to have been stillborn offspring of the king.
The "annex", originally used to store oils, ointments, scents, foods and wine, was the last room to be cleared, from the end of October 1927 to the spring of 1928. Although quite small in size, it contained approximately 280 groups of objects, totaling more than 2,000 individual pieces.
During the excavation it quickly became apparent that the tomb had been robbed at least twice. The first and second doors had both been breached in the top left-hand corner and subsequently resealed at least twice. The descending corridor had been filled with a packing of limestone chippings, presumably after the first robbery as the inner plaster door was unmarked by the chippings, and this filling had been tunneled through in a later robbery, or series of robberies.
The robberies had been discovered at some point, and the outer doors had been resealed, and the robbers' tunnel refilled. The limestone chippings in the descending tunnel also covered some fragments of looted articles including jar lids, razors and wood fragments that had been presumably removed from the antechamber and stored in the tunnel during the first robbery. Some remnants appear to have been from a funerary meal, which was discovered by Davis in jars in KV54, which indicates that KV54 may have been used as a store for items recovered after the first re-closing of the tomb.
The Annexe was probably worst affected by the first robbery. The room was small and full of densely-packed items, which had been ransacked by a robber who had entered through a small hole in the outer door. The robber hurriedly disturbed the contents of the Annexe, emptied boxes and removed items. The robber or robbers seem to have been looking for metals, glass (then a valuable commodity), cloth, oils and cosmetics. The theft of oils and cosmetics suggests that the robbery was fairly contemporary with the burial, as the lifespan of these articles would have been limited. After this robbery was discovered, the doors were resealed and it is likely that the descending tunnel was filled with packed limestone chippings to deter future robberies.
The second robbery required much more organisation to clear the descending corridor - a tunnel was dug in the top-left-hand corner of the tunnel, and the outer door was penetrated by a large hole in the blocking. Carter estimated that it would have taken a team of men around eight hours to excavate the tunnel by passing back baskets of rubble. The second robbery penetrated the entire tomb, and Carter estimated that around 60% of the jewelry in the Treasury had been looted, along with precious metals. At some point, a knotted scarf containing a number of looted rings was dropped back into a box in the Antechamber, which led Carter to the conclusion that the robbery had perhaps been discovered whilst it was in progress, or that the thieves had been pursued and caught.
The tomb may have been hurriedly resealed (possibly to avoid drawing attention to the tomb) by the official Maya, as the signature of his assistant Djehutymose was found by Carter on a calcite stand in the Annexe. Upon resealing the tomb,the first and second resealings were marked with the same seal, bearing a design of a jackal over nine bound captives, which may indicate that they both took place within a short time interval after the closure of the tomb.
Possible undiscovered chambers
Research by prominent Egyptologist Nicholas Reeves (attached to the University of Arizona) has suggested that there may be further areas of the tomb worthy of further analysis. Reeves investigated high-resolution digital scans of the tomb taken by Madrid-based company Factum Arte that were used in the process of creating a facsimile of the tomb. Reeves noted markings in the plaster of the burial chamber that appeared to suggest the possibility of a small door in the west wall of the burial chamber, of the same dimensions as the Annexe door. According to Reeves, markings on the north wall could also suggest that the wall itself may partly be a blocking wall covering a void, possibly indicating that the "Antechamber" continues as a corridor beyond the north wall. Although the "doors" may just be uncompleted construction work, one possibility that has been suggested is that Tutankhamun is actually buried in the outer section of a larger tomb complex (similar to the tomb of Amenhotep III) that has been sealed off by the north wall, and that a further burial (possibly that of Nefertiti) may exist elsewhere in undiscovered areas of the tomb. At the moment, this is just unconfirmed speculation, though Reeves has suggested that future work such as the use of ground-penetrating radar might confirm if further areas of the tomb remain to be discovered. In March 2016, a radar scan revealed two empty spaces and what appear to be organic and metallic materials within them.
Present day
The tomb is open for visitors, at an additional charge above that of the price of general access to the Valley of the Kings. The number of visitors was limited to 400 per day in 2008. In 2010 the tomb was closed to the public while restoration work was undertaken by the Getty Conservation Institute, and was once again open to the public by 2014. The tomb is expected to be definitively closed to public in the near future, but a reproduction will be placed nearby at the Valley of the Kings and will be available to the public.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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For youth in Tunisia mining region, it's 'mine or die'
by March 20, 2018
Dozens of unemployed youths camp out around phosphate mines in central Tunisia, demanding jobs as part of a wave of protests aimed at focusing attention on alleged state neglect.
The surge in anger is the latest in the North African nation's mining region, where one of the country's highest unemployment rates and a stark lack of infrastructure have fueled regular unrest.
The most recent confrontations broke out at the end of January, with demonstrators frustrated over hiring practices blocking work for six weeks.
Among the grey dunes of phosphate at the Kef Eddour quarry near the town of Metlaoui, 10 women and about 50 young men — sons and grandsons of miners — eat and sleep in a few prefabricated cabins.
"The phosphate company is the only thing here, we have no development, no jobs," said Ali Ben Msalah, 25, who has been unemployed since finishing high school.
"For us, the solution is either emigration, death or prison."
Next to him, Souad Smadah, 60, the daughter and wife of miners, nods as she warms couscous and tea over a fire for the young protesters.
he is angry that none of her five sons have managed to find work at the phosphate mines, accusing businessmen and trade unions of prioritising their relatives when hiring.
Smadah's eldest earns 300 dinars ($125 or 100 euros) a month in a bakery, almost three-times less than a starting salary at the mine.
'Little Paris'
Metlaoui is rich in phosphate, a highly sought after ore used to make fertilizer of which Tunisia is the world's fourth largest producer.
Boasting a swimming pool, cinema and tennis courts, it was once nicknamed "Little Paris."
Today, however, the town's jobless youth loiter along cratered roads, their teeth yellowed from polluted water.
The Gafsa Phosphate Company (CPG), a state monopoly, has long been the main source of jobs and income for the region.
Decades of corrupt or absent authorities sparked mass protests around the mines in 2008 that were brutally repressed by dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
His fall in a 2011 uprising which sparked the Arab Spring upheavals sparked hope of change.
But there has been no sign of improvement and a combination of lack of investment, skilled workers and unrest has even seen output nosedive.
"Since the revolution, we can no longer produce the desired tonnage," said CPG's general secretary, Ali Khmili.
The company, which used to produce up to 8 million tons a year, barely extracted 4.2 million last year.
The most recent disruption to the mine's work began in January after the series of demonstrations and riots, fueled by price and tax increases and persistent unemployment, broke out in the region and across Tunisia.
Adding to the tensions are looming municipal elections scheduled for May, with legislative and presidential elections set for 2019.
In Gafsa, the heightening of political tensions has complicated negotiations with the protesters, paralysing production earlier this year.
The halt in work was "essentially linked to a lack of trust" between residents and the government, according to Rabeh Ahmadi, an activist with the Tunisian Forum of Economic and Social Rights (FTDES), an NGO specializing in social issues.
The government eventually demanded legal action and suspended some 1,700 hires in progress in an attempt to quell the unrest.
Unhappy residents
Mining slowly resumed this month and ministers were dispatched to the region last week. But residents unhappy with solutions proposed by the government have continued to disrupt production.
They say it is the only way to force those in power to pay attention to them, as phosphate is crucial to reaching the government's target of three percent growth
CPG, which is running at a deficit largely because of recurring unrest, has not contributed to the state budget since 2011.
And some at the company warn that by targeting the phosphate output the demonstrators could end up just hurting their region even more.
"The protesters' claims are legitimate, there is a total absence of the state in this area," said Rafiq Smida, an CPG engineer and advocate for the phosphate industry.
"But if work there is blocked, 32,000 jobs are at risk."
Russia: 79,702 civilians evacuated from Syria's eastern Ghouta
UN says 100,000 'trapped' in Syria's Afrin
France's parliament approves COVID-19 vaccine pass
Price of Sudanese pound slips on parallel market...
Mali's ousted president Ibrahim Boubacar Keita dies, former...
Putin to host Iranian president next week for...
Jordan army officer killed in shooting along border...
Suez Canal expansion project expected to finish in...
Loud blasts heard in western Iran, cause unknown:...
Saudi Arabia records 5,477 COVID-19 cases and one...
UAE regulator investigating aborted Emirates take-off at Dubai...
Iran reports its first three deaths from Omicron...


text:
Q: how to name a file as (vaiable).jpg in qrcode import qrcode

n = input(str("Please enter the link of video: " ))

z = input("Please enter the question number: " )

img = qrcode.make(n)

img.save(z)

A file saved without any extension.  For example, if z == 1, then
it is saved as 1 instead of 1.jpg.
If I add
img.save(z.jpg) or (z."jpg")

it gives a syntax error.
What can I do to make it save it as 1.jpg?

A: Strings can be concatenated with the plus sign.
img.save(z + ".png")

A: Assuming you have a qr directory and an image as img with qr,
path = os.path.join("qr", f"{any_variable}.png")
img.save(path)


text:
Leonid Fjodorowitsch Golowanow (* 1904 in Samara; † 1980) war ein sowjetischer Grafiker.

Golowanow ließ sich 1923 bis 1928 im Studio von Dmitri Kardowski in Moskau ausbilden. Ab 1929 nahm er an Ausstellungen teil. Für Moskauer Verlage schuf er Buchillustrationen. Von 1943 bis 1957 arbeitete er im Grekow-Studio.

Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs gestaltete er Propagandaplakate. Besonders populär wurden "Wir gehen bis nach Berlin" (1944) und "Ruhm der Roten Armee!" (1946). Golowanow entwarf zudem mehrere Serien von Briefmarken.

Weblinks

 Kurzbiografie Golowanow, Leonid Fedorowitsch

Plakatkünstler (Sowjetunion)
Sowjetbürger
Geboren 1904
Gestorben 1980
Mann


text:
  An agent needs to have a directory dedicated to Jenkins. Specify
  the path to this directory on the agent. It is best to use
  an absolute path, such as <tt>/var/jenkins</tt> or <tt>c:\jenkins</tt>.
  This should be a path local to the agent machine. There is no need for
  this path to be visible from the master.

  Agents do not maintain important data; all job configurations, build logs and
  artifacts are stored on the master, so it would be possible to use a temporary
  directory as the agent root directory.

  However, by giving an agent a directory that is not deleted after a machine
  reboot, for example, the agent can cache data such as tool installations, or
  build workspaces. This prevents unnecessary downloading of tools, or checking
  out source code again when builds start to run on this agent again after a
  reboot.

  If you use a relative path, such as <tt>./jenkins-agent</tt>, the path will be
  relative to the working directory provided by the Launch method.

For launchers where Jenkins controls starting the agent process, such
  as SSH, the current working directory will typically be consistent,
  e.g. the user's home directory.

For launchers where Jenkins has no control over starting the agent process,
  such as inbound agents launched from the command line,
  the current working directory may change between
  launches of the agent and use of a relative path may prove problematic.

  The principal issue encountered when using relative paths with inbound launchers
  is the proliferation of stale workspaces and tool installation
  on the agent machine. This can cause disk space issues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sade announce career-spanning vinyl boxset 'This Far'
Each of the band's six albums has been remastered at Abbey Road Studios
Words: Patrick Hinton | Photo: Sophie Muller
Sade are releasing a boxset called 'This Far' featuring all six albums the band have released across their acclaimed career: 'Diamond Life' (1984), 'Promise' (1985), 'Stronger Than Pride' (1988), 'Love Deluxe' (1992), 'Lovers Rock' (2000), and 'Soldier Of Love' (2010).
The albums have been specially remastered at Abbey Road Studios by mastering engineer Miles Showell and the group's regular co-producer Mike Pela with input from each band member: vocalist Sade, saxophone and guitar player Stuart Matthewman, keyboardist Andrew Hale, and bassist Paul Spencer Denman. Each album comes on 180-gram heavyweight black vinyl, packaged in a white casebound box.
Watch this next: 15 throwback photos of Sade through the years
The boxset comes out on Sony Music on October 9, marking the first complete collection of Sade's album back catalogue, which has been certified platinum 24 times with 60 million worldwide sales.
In 2018, Sade broke an eight year silence with the release of a track titled 'Flower of the Universe' for Ava DuVernay's film A Wrinkle In Time.
Later that year, Stuart Matthewman said the group are "working on a new album", although no release date has been set.
Pre-order 'This Far' here.


Disassemble and inspect, troubleshoot repair requirements for heavy industrial and water pumping equipment such as Slurry pumps, vertical turbine pumps, etc.
More details to be added. In the interim, if this position's basic outline matches your experience, skillset, and interest - please apply now.


The product being reviewed here is Garnier Skin Naturals Light Daily Moisturiser SPF 15.
Garnier Light Daily Moisturiser makes your skin visibly fairer and reduces dark spots.
Its formula contains PURE LEMON ESSENCE and VITAMIN C to clarify and smoothen skin.
LONG DAN EXTRACT to help slow down skin darkening.
GLYCERIN to moisturize and comfort the skin. Your skin looks naturally lighter and more even.
It feels smooth and appears illuminated with a healthy glow.
Active Ingredients: Pure Lemon Essence + Long Dan Extract.
Apply it twice a day after cleansing your skin.
Fragrance – has a lemony pleasant smell.
Packaging – comes in a small yellow jar with white cap.
I have been using Fair & Lovely cream since my chilhood days, just because thats the only cream my mother used.
She loved the whitist cast, it gave her, like the temporary whitening effect.
At that time people didnt know much about SPF.
However, It didnt lighten my skin, niether did it save me from tan.
So I switched to Garnier Light Day cream About 5 years back.
I must say it improved my skin a lot.
Most of my pigmentation faded and this reduced my breakouts to a great extend.
It does look messy when you sweat though.
Garnier Light Day cream helps me to stay in the sun for about 30 minutes without getting any tan, due to the SPF 15 it contains.
It stops working on lightening your skin tone, once your skin gets used to it.
During my 5 years of using this product, it made my skin 2 tones lighter.
Upon application, it gives a whitish cast, which fades after some time.
My nose starts becoming oily after one hour of application.
No matter which cream you apple, even if its meant for oily skin, if you have oily or combination skin, it will start becoming more oily after application.
This is what i,ve realised.
So, I use pressed powder over it.
And my skin stays super matte and shine free for about 5 hours.
So overall, its a good day cream, if you're not going to be in the sun for long.
Good moisturizer for combination & oily skin.
Does lighten spots and skin tone to some extent.
Did not cause any irritation.
No broad Spectrum or UVB protection.
Dark spot reduction is very gradual.
Jar / Tub packaging might be unhygienic for some, I personally dont mind.
Will I Re-purchase – No, i have replaced it with Garnier BB Cream, also reviewed on my blog.
If you've used this product, do let me know your experience in the comments section.


text:
I Know Who You Are
I Know Who You Are by Alice Feeney is an adult psychological thriller / whodunit.
Aimee Sinclair is an up and coming actress on the verge of becoming a real star. Near the end of filming her latest movie, she comes home one night to find her husbands wallet, phone and car keys sitting on the counter but he is no where to be found.
At first she isn't concerned, due to the blow up they had the night before, but when she goes to the bank the next morning to find 10,000 pounds missing from her account, alarm bells go off. When the police tell her that she was the one who took out the money, she begins to question her sanity. Due to a trauma from her childhood, she's always been suspected to have stints of memory loss… but she remembers everything.
Alternating between the present and the story of a little girl who wandered away from home and got more than lost, is a story of full of twists and turns that will keep you guessing.
I very much enjoyed Feeney's other book, Sometimes I Lie. It had the perfect twist and did keep you guessing. You were also invested in the character and concerned about her, which made the ending even better. But this one just didn't do it for me. Yes, the twist did in fact surprise me and I really thought I called it. But Amiee, didn't evoke much emotion in me whatsoever.
I think the main reason this book bugged me was because of how often Amiee repeated herself and how she'd jump back and forth between being strong/scared/upset/determined. She kept telling us that she remembers everything and then questions her memory practically on the same page. She's a great actress but she can't hide her emotions. She was one of those characters that felt like a broken record.
If you like a good twist–this one has it. If you want a psychological thriller with a strong character and a good twist–maybe try Sometimes I Lie instead. This one gets only two stars from me.
#amreading #review #book #reading #AdultLit #librarylife #AudioBooks #books
Adult Lit


text:
Q: How do I compare two Strings being used for URLs I am writing an application which looks at a file hosted on a server and if it changes it loads reloads a webview. This is used to replicate a number of webpages across devices.
I set an initial url using:
private String originalURL;
private String newURL;

Then define the one to use on onCreate
originalURL = "https://www.buzzfeed.com/sallytamarkin/total-body-workouts#.moYPngWVWy";

I then run an async task on a timer:
private static String getUrlContents(String theUrl)
{
    StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();

    // many of these calls can throw exceptions, so i've just
    // wrapped them all in one try/catch statement.
    try
    {
        // create a url object
        URL url = new URL(theUrl);

        // create a urlconnection object
        URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();

        // wrap the urlconnection in a bufferedreader
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(urlConnection.getInputStream()));

        String line;

        // read from the urlconnection via the bufferedreader
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null)
        {
            content.append(line + "\n");
        }
        bufferedReader.close();
    }
    catch(Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return content.toString();
}

private class BackgroundTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {

    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
        // perform your network logic here
        String output  = getUrlContents("http://52.30.226.234/url.txt");
        System.out.println("output is " + output);
        newURL = output;
        return "YourResult";
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        // Update your screen with the results.
    }
}

When I try to compare the two strings however they always evaluate as different. I have tried match(), equals() and equalsIgnoreCase(). This is the code I am using
if ((originalURL.equals(newURL))==true) {
                System.out.println("SAME");
            } else {
                System.out.println("NOT SAME");
            }
        }

I have also tested this with two strings defined earlier and it works fine.
I can only think this is because of special characters but have tried several fixes to remove special characters and this has not worked either.
Please help!

A: Don't write "true" in your if-clause ;
Do this if you want Case-Sensitive:
if(string1.equals(string2)){
    System.out.println("SAME");
 }
 else{
    System.out.println("NOT SAME");
}

Do this if you want Case-Insensitive:
if(string1.equalsIgnoreCase(string2)){
    System.out.println("SAME");
 }
 else{
    System.out.println("NOT SAME");
}

If it doesn't fit what you want, or you wanna make a more rigorous comparison try using Collator

A: Probably due to the gibberish part of the url at the end. This part changes often. Print to see whether they are same.


text:
Clemson should be upwardly mobile in CFP rankings after rout of NC State
Clemson clinches fifth consecutive ACC Atlantic Division title and berth in ACC Championship Game.
Clemson should be upwardly mobile in CFP rankings after rout of NC State Clemson clinches fifth consecutive ACC Atlantic Division title and berth in ACC Championship Game. Check out this story on greenvilleonline.com: https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/2019/11/09/clemson-football-defeats-nc-state-should-rise-cfp-rankings/4162528002/
Scott Keepfer, The Greenville News Published 11:41 p.m. ET Nov. 9, 2019 | Updated 2:53 p.m. ET Nov. 11, 2019
Photos from Clemson's game against NC State
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) attempts to evade NC State defense during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson running back Lyn-J Dixon (23) is taken down by NC State linebacker Brock Miller (12) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson wide receiver Joseph Ngata (10) is taken down by NC State safety Denzel Johnson (14) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson running back Travis Etienne (9) scores a touchdown in the first quarter against North Carolina State on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson safety K'Von Wallace (12) pumps up his teammates before the NC State game on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson plays NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson defensive lineman Tyler Davis(13) celebrates with his teammates after picking up the fumble during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) scores a touchdown in the first quarter against North Carolina State on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson linebacker Justin Foster (35) is taken down by NC State offensive tackle Emanuel Mcgirt Jr. (74) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson Head Coach Dabo Swinney celebrates after recovering a fumble during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson running back Travis Etienne (9) evades NC State defense during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson offensive guard John Simpson (74) celebrates with quarterback Chase Brice (7) and defensive tackle Nyles Pinckney (44) after scoring the first touchdown of his football career during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) meets with fans after their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson Head Coach Dabo Swinney joins his team after their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson offensive guard John Simpson (74) meets with NC State players after their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) is taken down by NC State defensive end James Smith-Williams (1) and linebacker Payton Wilson (11) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson wide receiver Justyn Ross (8) celebrates with wide receiver Tee Higgins (5) after scoring against NC State during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson wide receiver Cornell Powell (17) and other players after their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) and running back Lyn-J Dixon (23) exit the field after their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson running back Travis Etienne (9) celebrates with his teammates after scoring against NC State during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) hands the ball to running back Travis Etienne (9) during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson linebacker Chad Smith (43) reacts after picking up a fumble during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson linebacker Chad Smith (43) attempts to advance after picking up the fumble during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
NC State fans during their game against Clemson at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson fans during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson offensive guard John Simpson (74) celebrates with his teammates after scoring a touchdown during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
NC State quarterback Devin Leary (13) throws the ball during their game against Clemson at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson freshman running back Michel Dukes (19) attempts to advance past NC State offensive linebacker Luke Sanchez (52) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson quarterback Chase Brice (7) hands the ball to freshman running back Michel Dukes (19) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson cheerleaders during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson wide receiver Tee Higgins (5) celebrates after scoring a first quarter touchdown against North Carolina State on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson defensive tackle Tyler Davis (13) recovers a fumble in the first half against North Carolina State on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson wide receiver Tee Higgins (5) catches a touchdown in the first quarter against North Carolina State on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson Head Coach Dabo Swinney before their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson coach Dabo Swinney speaks to his team before the NC State game on Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. Josh Morgan/Staff
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) does warmups before their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
Clemson players do warmups before their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. JOSH MORGAN/Staff
RALEIGH, N.C. – Clemson entered Saturday night's game against N.C. State ranked No. 5 with a bullet.
Following a workmanlike 55-10 dismantling of the Wolfpack, the Tigers headed home with two important things in tow – a fifth consecutive Atlantic Division title and berth in the Atlantic Coast Conference Championship Game, and the promise of upward mobility in Tuesday's second version of the College Football Playoff rankings.
No. 3 and 4 defeated: Clemson likely to benefit from Alabama, Penn State losses
While Clemson was taking care of business in Raleigh, N.C., LSU and Minnesota were handling their own in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, respectively, knocking Alabama and Penn State from the ranks of the unbeaten and greatly enhancing Clemson's chances of cracking the top four of the CFP rankings.
Trevor Lawrence threw three touchdown passes for a fifth consecutive game and Travis Etienne posted his fifth straight 100-yard rushing game as the Tigers dominated the Wolfpack from the outset.
Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence (16) is taken down by NC State defensive end James Smith-Williams (1) and linebacker Payton Wilson (11) during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. (Photo: JOSH MORGAN/Staff)
Clemson led 28-0 after one quarter and 42-0 at halftime in defeating the Wolfpack for an eighth straight time and 15th time in their last 16 meetings.
The Tigers will play the Coastal Division champion in the Atlantic Coast Conference Championship Game in Charlotte on Dec. 7. Clemson has won each of the last four ACC title games.
Next week's game against Wake Forest, which would have been for the Atlantic Division title, lost its significance in that regard when the Demon Deacons lost at Virginia Tech on Saturday.
Meanwhile, Saturday's victory pushed Clemson's record to 10-0 for the fifth time in school history and the third time since 2015. It gave the Tigers a ninth consecutive season with 10 or more wins, which is a school record and tied with Texas for the third-longest streak of 10-win seasons in FBS history.
"It's hard to make history," Clemson coach Dabo Swinney said. "It's hard to do things that have never been done, especially with some of the teams that we've had over the last few years. This team just continues to separate itself and kind of live its own legacy, if you will."
Clemson linebacker Chad Smith (43) reacts after picking up a fumble during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. (Photo: JOSH MORGAN/Staff)
The victory was the school-record 25th in a row for Clemson. The Tigers haven't lost a game since falling at Syracuse 27-24 on Oct. 13, 2017 – a span of 758 days.
Clemson established itself from the outset, driving 84 yards in nine plays on its opening possession with Lawrence scoring on a seven-yard run.
Lawrence tossed a 33-yard touchdown pass to Tee Higgins on the Tigers' next possession and Travis Etienne scored on a 19-yard run and a four-yard pass reception from Lawrence for a 28-0 first-quarter lead.
Clemson offensive guard John Simpson (74) celebrates with his teammates after scoring a touchdown during their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. (Photo: JOSH MORGAN/Staff)
The Tigers even reinstated the Jumbo package that was effective last season with defensive linemen Christian Wilkins and Dexter Lawrence. This time it was 330-pound senior guard John Simpson doing the honors, scoring from one yard out behind the block of defensive tackle Nyles Pinckney.
"I was looking at the refs like, 'Am I in?' " Simpson said. "It was a once-in-a-lifetime experience."
Justyn Ross also had a 33-yard touchdown reception from Lawrence in the second quarter as the Tigers pulled ahead 42-0 at halftime.
BIG MAN TD: John Simpson helps Clemson reintroduce Jumbo package against NC State
The Tigers had 403 yards and 21 first downs in the first half while limiting the Wolfpack to 88 yards and four first downs. N.C. State lost three fumbles in the first half.
"This has always been a difficult place to come to play, and the crowd does an amazing job here," Swinney said. "It's a great environment, but our guys were locked in and just really ready to play. Our execution was tremendous in the first half. We played about as clean as you can play."
N.C. State finally scored on its opening possession of the second half when freshman running Zonovan Knight broke free for a 53-yard touchdown.
Clemson added another touchdown midway through the third quarter on an eight-yard run by Etienne, who finished with 112 yards on 14 carries. Etienne's three touchdowns gave him 54 for his career and broke C.J. Spiller's school record of 51.
Etienne's two rushing touchdowns pushed his career total to 50, matching former Louisville quarterback Lamar Jackson for second place on the ACC's all-time leaders list.
It was the fifth consecutive 100-yard rushing game for Etienne, which tied the school record shared by Kenny Flowers and Raymond Priester.
Clemson running back Travis Etienne (9) evades NC State defense during their game at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. (Photo: JOSH MORGAN/Staff)
Etienne has rushed for 752 yards on 68 carries in the Tigers' last five games for an average of 11.1 yards per attempt.
Lawrence completed 20-of-27 passes for 276 yards and rushed for a career-high 59 yards on eight carries. N.C. State freshman quarterback Devin Leary, who was making his third career start, was 11-of-23 for 132 yards.
Clemson held N.C. State to 290 total yards, marking the 10th time in 10 games this season that the Tigers have held their opponent to less than 300 yards.
"We turned the ball over three times in the first half against a team that's as good as anybody that we are going to play every year," said N.C. State coach Dave Doeren, whose team fell to 4-5, 1-4. "You just can't do that, and we did.
"We are down to no depth. We had three walk-on linebackers in at the end of the game at one point. Guys are beat up right now, but it is our job to keep them positive and find a way to win one of these games here."
Clemson Head Coach Dabo Swinney joins his team after their game against NC State at Carter-Finley Stadium Saturday, Nov. 9, 2019. (Photo: JOSH MORGAN/Staff)
Clemson's Skalski ejected for targeting vs. LSU