text:
Create scraper using Scrapy Selectors
============================================

> NOTE: Please consider using this another project https://github.com/ssteuteville/scrapyz better maintained and documented. But if you still find scrapy_model useful welcome!

[![Build
Status](https://travis-ci.org/rochacbruno/scrapy_model.png)](https://travis-ci.org/rochacbruno/scrapy_model)

[![PyPi version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/scrapy_model.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/scrapy_model/)
[![PyPi downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/scrapy_model.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/scrapy_model/)

## What is Scrapy?

Scrapy is a fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework, used to crawl websites and extract structured data from their pages. It can be used for a wide range of purposes, from data mining to monitoring and automated testing.

http://scrapy.org/

## What is scrapy_model ?

It is just a helper to create scrapers using the Scrapy Selectors allowing you to select elements by CSS or by XPATH and structuring your scraper via Models (just like an ORM model) and plugable to an ORM model via ``populate`` method.

Import the BaseFetcherModel, CSSField or XPathField (you can use both)

```python
from scrapy_model import BaseFetcherModel, CSSField
```

Go to a webpage you want to scrap and use chrome dev tools or firebug to figure out the css paths then considering you want to get the following fragment from some page.

```html
    <span id="person">Bruno Rocha <a href="http://brunorocha.org">website</a></span>
```

```python
class MyFetcher(BaseFetcherModel):
    name = CSSField('span#person')
    website = CSSField('span#person a')
    # XPathField('//xpath_selector_here')
```

Fields can receive ``auto_extract=True`` parameter which auto extracts values from selector before calling the parse or processors. Also you can pass the ``takes_first=True`` which will for auto_extract and also tries to get the first element of the result, because scrapy selectors returns a list of matched elements.

### Multiple queries in a single field

You can use multiple queries for a single field

```python
name = XPathField(
    ['//*[@id="8"]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]/ul',
     '//*[@id="8"]/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[2]/ul']
)
```

In that case, the parsing will try to fetch by the first query and returns if finds a match, else it will try the subsequent queries until it finds something, or it will return an empty selector.

#### Finding the best match by a query validator

If you want to run multiple queries and also validates the best match you can pass a validator function which will take the scrapy selector an should return a boolean.

Example, imagine you get the "name" field defined above and you want to validates each query to ensure it has a 'li' with a text "Schblaums" in there.

```python

def has_schblaums(selector):
    for li in selector.css('li'): # takes each <li> inside the ul selector
        li_text = li.css('::text').extract() # Extract only the text
        if "Schblaums" in li_text:  # check if "Schblaums" is there
            return True  # this selector is valid!
    return False  # invalid query, take the next or default value

class Fetcher(....):
    name = XPathField(
        ['//*[@id="8"]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]/ul',
         '//*[@id="8"]/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[2]/ul'],
        query_validator=has_schblaums,
        default="undefined_name"  # optional
    )
```

In the above example if both queries are invalid, the "name" field will be filled with an empty_selector, or the value defined in "default" parameter.

> **NOTE:** if the field has a "default" and fails in all the matcher, the default value will be passed to "processor" and also to "parse_" methods.

Every method named ``parse_<field>`` will run after all the fields are fetched for each field.

```python
    def parse_name(self, selector):
        # here selector is the scrapy selector for 'span#person'
        name = selector.css('::text').extract()
        return name

    def parse_website(self, selector):
        # here selector is the scrapy selector for 'span#person a'
        website_url = selector.css('::attr(href)').extract()
        return website_url

```

after defined need to run the scraper

```python

fetcher = Myfetcher(url='http://.....')  # optionally you can use cached_fetch=True to cache requests on redis
fetcher.parse()
```

Now you can iterate ``_data``, ``_raw_data`` and atributes in fetcher

```python
>>> fetcher.name
<CSSField - name - Bruno Rocha>
>>> fetcher.name.value
Bruno Rocha
>>> fetcher._data
{"name": "Bruno Rocha", "website": "http://brunorocha.org"}
```

You can populate some object

```python
>>> obj = MyObject()
>>> fetcher.populate(obj)  # fields optional

>>> obj.name
Bruno Rocha
```

If you do not want to define each field explicitly in the class, you can use a json file to automate the process

```python
class MyFetcher(BaseFetcherModel):
   """ will load from json """

fetcher = MyFetcher(url='http://.....')
fetcher.load_mappings_from_file('path/to/file.json')
fetcher.parse()
```

In that case file.json should be

```json
{
   "name": {"css", "span#person"},
   "website": {"css": "span#person a"}
}
```

You can use ``{"xpath": "..."}`` in case you prefer select by xpath

### parse and processor

There are 2 ways of transforming or normalizing the data for each field

#### Processors

A processor is a function, or a list of functions which will be called in the given sequence against the field value, it receives the raw_selector or the value depending on auto_extract and takes_first arguments.

It can be used for Normalization, Clean, Transformation etc..

Example:

```python

def normalize_state(state_name):
    # query my database and return the first instance of state object
    return MyDatabase.State.Search(name=state_name).first()

def text_cleanup(state_name):
    return state_name.strip().replace('-', '').lower()

class MyFetcher(BaseFetcherModel):
    state = CSSField(
        "#state::text",
        takes_first=True,
        processor=[text_cleanup, normalize_state]
    )

fetcher = MyFetcher(url="http://....")
fetcher.parse()

fetcher._raw_data.state
'Sao-Paulo'
fetcher._data.state
<ORM Instance - State - São Paulo>
```

#### Parse methods

any method called ``parse_<field_name>`` will run after all the process of selecting and parsing, it receives the selector or the value depending on auto_extract and takes_first argument in that field.

example:

```python
def parse_name(self, selector):
   return selector.css('::text').extract()[0].upper()
```

In the above case, the name field returns the raw_selector and in the parse method we can build extra queries using ``css`` or ``xpath`` and also we need to extract() the values from the selector and optionally select the first element and apply any transformation we need.

### Caching the html fetch

In order to cache the html returned by the url fetching for future parsing and tests you specify a cache model, by default there is no cache but you can use the built in RedisCache passing

```python
    from scrapy_model import RedisCache
    fetcher = TestFetcher(cache_fetch=True,
                          cache=RedisCache,
                          cache_expire=1800)
```

or specifying arguments to the Redis client.

> it is a general Redis connection from python ``redis`` module

```python
    fetcher = TestFetcher(cache_fetch=True,
                          cache=RedisCache("192.168.0.12:9200"),
                          cache_expire=1800)
```

You can create your own caching structure, e.g: to cache htmls in memcached or s3

the cache class just need to implement ``get`` and ``set`` methods.

```python
from boto import connect_s3

class S3Cache(object):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        connection = connect_s3(ACCESS_KEY, SECRET_KEY)
        self.bucket = connection.get_bucket(BUCKET_ID)

    def get(self, key):
        value = self.bucket.get_key(key)
        return value.get_contents_as_string() if key else None

    def set(self, key, value, expire=None):
        self.bucket.set_contents(key, value, expire=expire)

fetcher = MyFetcher(url="http://...",
                    cache_fetch=True,
                    cache=S3cache,
                    cache_expire=1800)

```

### Instalation

easy to install

If running ubuntu maybe you need to run:

```bash
sudo apt-get install python-scrapy
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev
sudo apt-get install python-dev
```

then

```bash
pip install scrapy_model
```

or

```bash
git clone https://github.com/rochacbruno/scrapy_model
cd scrapy_model
pip install -r requirements.txt
python setup.py install
python example.py
```

Example code to fetch the url http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum

```python
#coding: utf-8

from scrapy_model import BaseFetcherModel, CSSField, XPathField

class TestFetcher(BaseFetcherModel):
    photo_url = XPathField('//*[@id="content"]/div[1]/table/tr[2]/td/a')

    nationality = CSSField(
        '#content > div:nth-child(1) > table > tr:nth-child(4) > td > a',
    )

    links = CSSField(
        '#content > div:nth-child(11) > ul > li > a.external::attr(href)',
        auto_extract=True
    )

    def parse_photo_url(self, selector):
        return "http://en.m.wikipedia.org/{}".format(
            selector.xpath("@href").extract()[0]
        )

    def parse_nationality(self, selector):
        return selector.css("::text").extract()[0]

    def parse_name(self, selector):
        return selector.extract()[0]

    def pre_parse(self, selector=None):
        # this method is executed before the parsing
        # you can override it, take a look at the doc string

    def post_parse(self):
        # executed after all parsers
        # you can load any data on to self._data
        # access self._data and self._fields for current data
        # self.selector contains original page
        # self.fetch() returns original html
        self._data.url = self.url

class DummyModel(object):
    """
    For tests only, it can be a model in your database ORM
    """

if __name__ == "__main__":
    from pprint import pprint

    fetcher = TestFetcher(cache_fetch=True)
    fetcher.url = "http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum"

    # Mappings can be loaded from a json file
    # fetcher.load_mappings_from_file('path/to/file')
    fetcher.mappings['name'] = {
        "css": ("#section_0::text")
    }

    fetcher.parse()

    print "Fetcher holds the data"
    print fetcher._data.name
    print fetcher._data

    # How to populate an object
    print "Populating an object"
    dummy = DummyModel()

    fetcher.populate(dummy, fields=["name", "nationality"])
    # fields attr is optional
    print dummy.nationality
    pprint(dummy.__dict__)

```

# outputs

```
Fetcher holds the data
Guido van Rossum
{'links': [u'http://www.python.org/~guido/',
           u'http://neopythonic.blogspot.com/',
           u'http://www.artima.com/weblogs/index.jsp?blogger=guido',
           u'http://python-history.blogspot.com/',
           u'http://www.python.org/doc/essays/cp4e.html',
           u'http://www.twit.tv/floss11',
           u'http://www.computerworld.com.au/index.php/id;66665771',
           u'http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/081105.html',
           u'http://stanford-online.stanford.edu/courses/ee380/081105-ee380-300.asx'],
 'name': u'Guido van Rossum',
 'nationality': u'Dutch',
 'photo_url': 'http://en.m.wikipedia.org//wiki/File:Guido_van_Rossum_OSCON_2006.jpg',
 'url': 'http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum'}
Populating an object
Dutch
{'name': u'Guido van Rossum', 'nationality': u'Dutch'}
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To open the safe, you first need to enter a four-digit password. Safe default password is: 0000.
1. Enter the four-digit password, and green lights. If you enter the wrong password, the red light will be lit, and will issue "PLEASE TRY AGAIN" voice tells you.
3. Within 15 seconds, enter the new 4-digit password, press "#" to confirm to store the new password. Light stops flashing.
Note: If the new password is not entered within 15 seconds, the program will stop, you must restart the program.
4. Release the "*" character button and close the door.
This "MONEY SAFE" is recommended for the ages 6 and up, not suitable for under 3 years old as the toy is electrical and mechanical.
More detailed information ans cautions, please read the use manual carefully.
Note: Dear customer, this listing is created by Jhua seller, so all the listing information is corresponding to Jhua seller. Please kindly selet Jhua seller. If you received the item is different from the image, please report to Amazon.


Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima, Brazilian marathon runner and Olympic medalist, is a great example of triumph over challenge. We also see this strong will in the victims of war and violence we assist in our physical rehabilitation work. Sport is a key tool to transform their lives.


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text:
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Dr. Lyon will teach PSYC-565: Organizational Psychology this summer.
Learn More About Our MAPP Program.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Money Health Finance
Home / Healthcare, $12,400 salary among benefits for Bay County commissioners
Healthcare, $12,400 salary among benefits for Bay County commissioners
by Money Health Finance November 23, 2018
BAY CITY, MI — Those who were elected Tuesday to the Bay County Board of Commissioners receive or retain more than just a title.
And for those who are at or nearing a decade of public service, there are some nice, lifetime benefits.
On Election Day, Nov. 8, there were five contested races for a seat on the county commission:
• Democrat Michael Duranczyk defeated Republican Brandon DeFrain in the 1st District 3,660-3,652.
• Republican Vaughn Begick defeated Democrat Abel Torres in the 3rd District 5,719-2,818.
• Democrat Kim Coonan defeated Republican Chad Sibley in the 4th District 4,094-2,615.
• Democrat Tom Herek defeated Republican Randy Badgerow in the 5th District 3,775-2,297 (Independent Bruce Eckhart had 682 votes).
• Democrat Tom Ryder defeated Republican Christopher Shannon in the 6th District 3,344-2,183.
Complete Bay County election results
Those elected to the county commission earn a salary of more than $ 12,000, a $ 25 to $ 45 meeting per diem for sitting on additional county boards, mileage for all business-related trips and healthcare benefits.
The healthcare item is the newest perk for the county board since the board voted 6-3 in 2010 to eliminate it from their compensation package. Following that vote, all new commissioners to the board weren't eligible for healthcare benefits.
But since December 2015, healthcare is back on the table, in part due to requirements with the Affordable Care Act. The federal legislation requires large organization employers — such as the county — to provide healthcare to all full-time employees, defined as anyone working 29 hours or more each week on average.
At that Dec. 8 meeting, the board voted 5-2 to again receive health benefits.
Commissioner Don Tilley, 6th District, who didn't run for re-election on the board, said the board needed to approve the measures in order to be "compliant with federal law," according to meeting minutes.
Commissioners Duranczyk, Ernie Krygier, Herek, Tilley and Michael Lutz approved the resolution. Commissioners Coonan and Begick rejected it.
In voting for the healthcare benefit, board members essentially consider their role as elected officials for the county a full-time job, said Amber Davis-Johnson, corporation counsel for Bay County.
"The difficulty are those on-call hours," she said. "If you, for instance, have a county commissioner who works his 29 hours, but then goes out to dinner and talks with a constituent for an hour, he's then technically considered working full-time.
"Our concern is that if we didn't include them on the plan, we could get penalized as non-compliant (with the Affordable Care Act)."
Coonan, who voted against the board taking the healthcare benefit, takes issue with the claim that board members work full-time.
"It's B.S.," he said. "The county's health benefits should go to our full-time people, but we're not full-time. I work at my job (as a commissioner), but how can anyone possibly believe that this is considered a full-time job?"
Krygier, chairman of the county board, who runs an appliance repair business, said he considers his elected position a full-time job.
"I'm actively engaged in a lot of county business," he said. "I'm fortunate because in my personal business, I have my younger son who does a lot of the day-to-day work, which allows me more freedom for work at the County Building."
Krygier said he doesn't take issue with the health insurance because he pays between $ 150-$ 170 out of his commissioner paycheck toward the benefit.
Affordable Care Act regulations haven't stopped neighboring counties from finding workarounds with the system.
In April 2015, Saginaw County's 11-member board agreed they would work no more than 29 hours per week. Tuscola County commissioners took a similar approach.
Under the Affordable Care Act, the city of Bay City is also considered a large employer, but its nine-member City Commission members are considered part-time employees, said City Manager Rick Finn.
"They are not full-time and that's how it is recorded," he said. "They're not eligible for health insurance."
At the county, a commissioner can take the healthcare benefit, which is valued at $ 11,324.76 per year, or choose not to take the health coverage, and get an $ 1,800 stipend instead, added to their annual salary. Members of the Bay County Road Commission are eligible for the same benefit, Davis-Johnson said.
A county commissioner makes $ 12,419 per year. If a member chairs the Ways and Means Committee, his or her salary increases to $ 13,219. The Board of Commissioners chairman earns $ 13,419. The vice chairman earns $ 13,219.
Of the seven sitting commissioners today, three take advantage of the healthcare benefit: Commissioners Duranczyk, Krygier and Lutz, according to documents obtained by The Bay City Times. The remaining members collect the $ 1,800 stipend. Coonan said he donates his healthcare stipend to the United Way of Bay County.
Tom Ryder, who was elected Tuesday and joins the commission after Jan. 1, said he doesn't see his elected position as a full-time job and doesn't plan to take healthcare benefits.
"I know they're working on the budget right now and they might be coming up a little short," he said. "Something has to happen and if we can help them out by not taking this benefit, that's what we should do."
Ryder added: "We are temporary, part-time employees. This isn't a full-time job."
Davis-Johnson, the county's attorney, said the Board of Commissioners could pass a resolution that exempts them from the policy of receiving an $ 1,800 healthcare stipend.
"But right now, they follow the same general personnel policies of Bay County, which says if they don't take the healthcare, they get $ 1,800," she said.
Lifetime benefits
If a commissioner manages to stay elected for at least 10 years, they then become vested in the county's retirement program and are eligible to receive a pension.
If they were elected prior to Dec. 31, 2011, the multiplier for retirement benefits is 2.25 percent. Those elected after Jan. 1, 2012, get a multiplier of 1.6 percent.
The total amount paid is dependent upon years of service and the highest five years average salary.
So, if a commissioner served for 20 years (making them eligible for the 2.25 percent multiplier) and their highest five years of income averaged out to $ 12,000, their annual pension payment would be $ 5,400.
The following pensions were paid out to former commissioners in 2015:
A radical idea for health-care reform: Listen to the doctors
BRIEF-Acadia Healthcare entered into refinancing facilities amendment to its credit agreement
Pharma bro Shkreli bids for separate trial, as he seeks to blame ex-lawyer for alleged crimes
Trump says coverage of pre-existing conditions will be in healthcare plan
Linfinity Forum 2018 in London to Feature European Blockchain Experts
Lilly forecasts 2018 profit and revenue largely above estimates
2018 Retirement Contribution Limits for 401(k)s and IRAs
Most popular Obamacare plans cost average of 34 percent more for 2018
Guide to Medicare Open Enrollment for 2018
MoneyHealthFinance.com
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© MoneyHealthFinance.com. All Rights Reserved.


text:
namespace $ {

	export class $mol_file_web extends $mol_file {

		@ $mol_mem_key
		static absolute( path : string ) {
			return this.make({
				path : $mol_const( path )
			})
		}

		static relative( path : string ) {
			return this.absolute( new URL( path , this.base ).toString() )
		}

		static base = $mol_dom_context.document
			? new URL( '.' , $mol_dom_context.document.currentScript!['src'] ).toString()
			: ''

		@ $mol_mem
		buffer( next? : Uint8Array ) {
			if (next !== undefined) throw new Error(`Saving content not supported: ${this.path}`)

			const response = $mol_fetch.response(this.path())
			if (response.native.status === 404) throw new $mol_file_not_found(`File not found: ${this.path()}`)

			return new Uint8Array(response.buffer())
		}

		@ $mol_mem
		stat( next? : $mol_file_stat, virt?: 'virt' ) {
			let stat = next
			if (next === undefined) {
				const content = this.text()
				// @todo взять дату из хедеров фетча, когда file.web будет переписан на webdav
				const ctime = new Date()
				stat = {
					type: 'file',
					size: content.length,
					ctime,
					atime: ctime,
					mtime: ctime
				}
			}

			this.parent().watcher()

			return stat!
		}

		resolve( path : string ) {
			let res = this.path() + '/' + path

			while( true ) {
				let prev = res
				res = res.replace( /\/[^\/.]+\/\.\.\// , '/' )
				if( prev === res ) break
			}

			return ( this.constructor as typeof $mol_file_web ).absolute( res )
		}

		ensure(next?: boolean): boolean {
			throw new Error('$mol_file_web.ensure() not implemented')
		}

		@ $mol_mem
		sub() : $mol_file[] {
			throw new Error('$mol_file_web.sub() not implemented')
		}

		relate( base = ( this.constructor as typeof $mol_file ).relative( '.' )): string {
			throw new Error('$mol_file_web.relate() not implemented')
		}

		append( next : Uint8Array | string ) {
			throw new Error('$mol_file_web.append() not implemented')
		}
	}

	$.$mol_file = $mol_file_web
}


text:
Ла-Бардж () — город, расположенный в округе Линкольн (штат Вайоминг, США) с населением в 431 человек по статистическим данным переписи 2000 года.

География
По данным Бюро переписи населения США город Ла-Бардж имеет общую площадь в 2,33 квадратных километров, водных ресурсов в черте населённого пункта не имеется.

Город Ла-Бардж расположен на высоте 2010 метров над уровнем моря.

Демография
По данным переписи населения 2000 года в Ла-Бардже проживал 431 человек, 113 семей, насчитывалось 168 домашних хозяйств и 234 жилых дома. Средняя плотность населения составляла около 191 человек на один квадратный километр. Расовый состав Ла-Барджа по данным переписи распределился следующим образом: 96,06 % белых, 0,46 % — коренных американцев, 0,23 % — выходцев с тихоокеанских островов, 2,55 % — представителей смешанных рас, 0,70 % — других народностей. Испаноговорящие составили 1,86 % от всех жителей города.

Из 168 домашних хозяйств в 41,1 % — воспитывали детей в возрасте до 18 лет, 56,5 % представляли собой совместно проживающие супружеские пары, в 6,5 % семей женщины проживали без мужей, 32,7 % не имели семей. 26,8 % от общего числа семей на момент переписи жили самостоятельно, при этом 5,4 % составили одинокие пожилые люди в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний размер домашнего хозяйства составил 2,57 человек, а средний размер семьи — 3,19 человек.

Население города по возрастному диапазону по данным переписи 2000 года распределилось следующим образом: 32,5 % — жители младше 18 лет, 5,8 % — между 18 и 24 годами, 31,3 % — от 25 до 44 лет, 24,1 % — от 45 до 64 лет и 6,3 % — в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст жителей составил 38 лет. На каждые 100 женщин в Ла-Бардже приходилось 114,4 мужчин, при этом на каждые сто женщин 18 лет и старше приходилось 112,4 мужчин также старше 18 лет.

Средний доход на одно домашнее хозяйство в городе составил 38 542 доллара США, а средний доход на одну семью — 45 179 долларов. При этом мужчины имели средний доход в 47 222 доллара США в год против 18 438 долларов среднегодового дохода у женщин. Доход на душу населения в городе составил 18 837 долларов в год. 9,2 % от всего числа семей в округе и 12,3 % от всей численности населения находилось на момент переписи населения за чертой бедности, при этом 13,2 % из них были моложе 18 лет и 8,6 % — в возрасте 65 лет и старше.

Примечания

Ссылки

Города Вайоминга
Населённые пункты округа Линкольн (Вайоминг)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The powerful browser-based WebCAD designer.
The powerful WebCAD designer was created especially for the application of webbased graphics editing in 2D and 3D. Special algorithms shift the complete computing power to the server system. The exchange of complex graphic data takes place through special compression algorithms and data tunneling to allow a clean working of high-quality graphic functions in the browser.
The sphere of the designer viewer is usually designed in the latest HTML version and offers a broad basis for the individual appearance of the respective solution.
The WebCAD designer is one of the successful influences of the platform. Primarily, its simple use can be mentioned. The designer can be integrated into websites in various ways and can be started by the user without any installation. The optimized client-server algorithms give the user the feeling of being in a desktop application. The sophisticated server interaction allows an unbelievable detail fidelity on different graphics, making the designer a heavyweight in the WebCAD system.


Google's John Mueller was asked in a Webmaster Hangout why Google ranked websites that used bad link building. John Mueller explained how Google treats those bad links. Then shared the ranking factors that caused those sites to rank number one.
A web publisher asked why sites with bad links ranked. The publisher added that they had reported the site but the site continued to rank well.
"I see a disturbing amount of link networks and nefarious link building schemes being used… I reported these as suggested but is there anything else that we can do?
"Reporting them in the… search console, the spam report form, the link spam report form, that's kind of a good place to go.
John is explaining that the bad links are ignored and that the real reason the site is ranking is because they do some things really well.
Users react enthusiastically to seeing the site ranking at the top of Google.
As you can see, many of those signals that influence the rankings have to do with user interactions with the SERPs and user expectations. What Mueller seems to be implying is that users themselves are some of the sources of the ranking signals that power sites with spammy link building.
John Mueller explains that ignoring bad links is something Google does.
"A lot of times what will happen is also that our algorithms will recognize these kind of bad states and try to ignore them.
The important takeaway here is that what you see in the backlinks is not necessarily the reason why a site is ranking. Some publishers feel they need to copy the competitor's link building in order to compete. But that's not necessarily the case, especially if the links are spammy.
That kind of false evidence is called a Red Herring. A red herring is a tool that authors use to trick a reader into believing that one of the characters is guilty. What they do is write big obvious clues that point to the red herring as the guilty person when in reality it's someone else entirely.
This happens with competitive research. My opinion is that you shouldn't stop your competitor research when you come across spammy backlinks. Dig deeper and you'll likely find the real reason why a site is ranking.
Isn't understanding why a competitor ranks the point of competitor research?


text:
\section{\label{}}

\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
The production of heavy gauge boson pairs ($WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$) has been observed in
fully leptonic final states at the Fermilab Tevatron collider \cite{CDFlep,D0lep}.
Evidence for diboson decays into an $\ell \bar{\nu} q \bar{q}$ final state, with
$\ell = e, \mu, \tau$ and $q = u, d, s, c, b$, was recently presented by the D0
collaboration \cite{D0had}.  The analysis presented here is the first conclusive
observation at a hadron collider of diboson production with one boson decaying
into leptons and the other into hadrons \cite{CDFhad}.

Measurements of the diboson production cross sections provide tests of the
self-interactions of the gauge bosons, and deviations from SM predictions could indicate
new physics \cite{Hagiwara:1986vm}.  Diboson production involving hadronic decays
is also topologically similar to associated Higgs boson production, $p \bar{p} \to VH + X$,
when the Higgs boson decays to $b \bar{b}$, the most promising discovery channel for a
low-mass Higgs boson.  Thus the analysis techniques described here will also be useful
for Higgs boson searches.

\section{Experimental Apparatus\label{sec:detector}}
The CDF II detector is described in detail in Ref.~\cite{CDFII}.  Surrounding the
beam pipe is a tracking system consisting of a silicon microstrip detector, a
cylindrical drift chamber, and a solenoid producing a 1.4T magnetic field along
the beam axis.  The central and forward calorimeters surround the tracking
system with a projective tower geometry.  The calorimeters are composed of inner
electromagnetic and outer hadronic sections that consist of lead-scintillator
and iron-scintillator respectively.  A system of Cerenkov counters, located
around the beam pipe and inside the forward calorimeters, measures the number of
inelastic $p \bar{p}$ collisions per bunch crossing and thus the luminosity \cite{Acosta:2002hx}.

The geometry of the detector is characterized by the azimuthal angle $\phi$ and the
pseudorapidity $\eta = -\ln [ \tan (\theta/2) ]$, where $\theta$ is the polar
angle measured from the proton beam direction.
The transverse energy $E_T=E\sin\theta$, where $E$ is the energy in the calorimeter
towers associated with a cluster of energy deposition.  Transverse momentum $p_T$
is the track momentum component transverse to the beam-line.
The missing transverse energy vector $\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ is defined as $-\sum_{i} E_T^i ~ \hat{n}_T^i$,
where $\hat{n}_T^i$ is the transverse component of the unit vector pointing from the
interaction point to the energy deposition in calorimeter tower $i$.
This is corrected for the $p_T$ of muons, which do not deposit all of their energy in the
calorimeter, and tracks which point to uninstrumented regions in the calorimeter.
The missing transverse energy $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ is defined as $|\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}|$.
Strongly interacting partons undergo fragmentation that results in highly collimated
jets of hadronic particles.  Jet candidates are reconstructed in the calorimeter using
the {\sc jetclu} cone algorithm \cite{jetclu} with a cone radius of 0.4 in ($\eta,\phi$)
space.  The energy measured by the calorimeter must be corrected to improve the
estimated energy~\cite{JES}.  The effects corrected for include the non-linear response
of the calorimeter to particle energy, the loss of energy in uninstrumented regions of the
detector, and the energy radiated outside of the jet cone.

\section{Event Selection\label{sec:selection}}
Events are selected which have large $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ and exactly two jets whose
invariant mass can be reconstructed.  This signature is sensitive to both $\ell \bar{\nu} q \bar{q}$ and
$\nu \bar{\nu} q \bar{q}$ decays because a charged lepton is not explicitly required in the final state.
Due to the limited dijet mass resolution, there is significant overlap between the
$W \to q \bar{q}'$ and $Z \to q \bar{q}$ dijet mass peaks.  Therefore we consider
as signal the combination of three diboson signals ($WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$), and search
for diboson production in the dijet mass range $40 < M_{jj} < 160$ GeV$/c^2$.

Events are selected using a set of $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$-based triggers with a variety of $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ and
jet requirements.  All of these triggers have benefited significantly from a calorimeter
trigger upgrade completed in 2007 \cite{trigger}.  The majority (94\%) of events satisfy
the inclusive $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ trigger which requires $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$} > 45$ GeV.  We require events to have
$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$} > 60$ GeV and exactly two jets with $E_T > 25$ GeV and $|\eta| < 2.0$, which ensures
a trigger efficiency of $96\% \pm 2\%$ on signal as measured in $Z \to \mu\mu$ events.
Additionally, the fraction of the total
jet energy which is in the electromagnetic calorimeter is required to be less than 90\% to
eliminate the possibility that electrons and photons are reconstructed as jets.
Several criteria suppress contamination from non-collision backgrounds.
Events are required to have at least one reconstructed vertex formed by charged particle
tracks to remove cosmic-ray events.  To reduce beam-related backgrounds, the electromagnetic
fraction of the total event energy must be greater than 30\%.  Additionally, the arrival
time of the jets as measured by the electromagnetic shower timing system \cite{timing}
must be consistent with the $p \bar{p}$ collision time.  After all selection criteria are
made, non-collision backgrounds are a negligible contribution to the sample (fewer than
90 events out of the total 44,910 selected events).

In order to suppress the multijet background described in Sec.~\ref{sec:mjb}, we use a
$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ resolution model to distinguish true $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ originating from neutrinos from fake
$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ arising from mismeasurement of jet energies.  The $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance is a
dimensionless quantity based on the event topology, the energy resolution of the jets,
and the soft unclustered particles.  The $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance is calculated as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}~{\rm significance} = -\log_{10}(\bar{\mathcal{P}}), \nonumber  \\
{\rm where}~\bar{\mathcal{P}} = \prod \int_{-1}^{y_i} \mathcal{P}_i(x)dx~{\rm if}~y_i < 0  \nonumber \\
{\rm or}~\bar{\mathcal{P}} = \prod \left( 1 - \int_{-1}^{y_i} \mathcal{P}_i(x)dx \right)~{\rm if}~y_i > 0, \nonumber \\
{\rm with}~y_i = \mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}/(E_T^i \cos\Delta\phi_i).
\label{eq-metsig}
\end{eqnarray}
In Eq.~\ref{eq-metsig}, $\mathcal{P}_i(x)$ is the jet energy resolution function of the
$i$-th jet, $E_T^i$ is the energy of the $i$-th jet, and $\Delta\phi_i$ is the azimuthal
angle between the $i$-th jet and $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$.
The jet energy resolution function $\mathcal{P}(x)$, defined as a ratio of the
detector-level and hadron-level jet energy, is obtained from dijet {\sc pythia}
Monte Carlo \cite{pythia} as a function of a jet's energy and pseudorapidity.  The
function is validated in inclusive $Z \to ee$ events.
The $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance is typically low when $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ arises from mismeasurement.  In
addition to having a small significance, the $\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ will often be aligned with a jet.
Distributions of the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance and azimuthal angle between the $\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ and
nearest jet ($\Delta\phi_{\MET}^{\rm jet}$) after all previously described selection criteria are shown
in Figure \ref{fig1}.  To reduce the multijet background, we select events with $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$
significance larger than 4 and $\Delta\phi_{\MET}^{\rm jet}$ greater than 0.4 radians.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{figure1a.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{figure1b.pdf}
\caption{Data compared with the sum of the predicted electroweak (EWK) and
	multijet background (MJB) contributions for the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance
	(top) and $\Delta\phi_{\MET}^{\rm jet}$ (bottom) variables defined in Sec.~\ref{sec:selection}.
	The expected signal is included here in the EWK contribution.  The
	gray bands represent the total systematic uncertainty described in
	Sec.~\ref{sec:syst}.  To reject events with fake $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ we require
	$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance $> 4$ and $\Delta\phi_{\MET}^{\rm jet} > 0.4$ radians.\label{fig1}}
\end{figure}

\section{Data Modeling\label{sec:model}}
The diboson signals ($WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$) are simulated by the {\sc pythia}
Monte Carlo generator.  After selection, the most significant
backgrounds to the diboson signal are multijet production and electroweak (EWK)
processes such as $W(\to \ell \bar{\nu})$+jets and $Z(\to \nu \bar{\nu})$+jets.
Less significant EWK backgrounds include $Z(\to \ell\ell)$+jets, top-quark pair
production, and single top-quark production.
The geometric and kinematic acceptance for all electroweak processes are determined
using a Monte Carlo calculation of the collision followed by a
{\sc geant3}-based simulation of the CDF II detector response \cite{GEANT}.
Modeling of the backgrounds is described in more detail in the following sections.

\subsection{Electroweak Background\label{sec:ewk}}
The electroweak (EWK) processes considered to be backgrounds to this measurement
are the $V$+jet and top-quark production processes.
The $W(\to \ell \bar{\nu})$+jets processes are simulated by the
fixed-order matrix element generator {\sc alpgen} \cite{alpgen}
interfaced with {\sc pythia} to simulate parton showering and
fragmentation, the underlying event, and additional $p \bar{p}$
interactions in the event.
The $Z$+jets and top-quark production are simulated by {\sc pythia}.
The expected yields of all Monte Carlo-simulated background processes are
normalized to SM cross sections calculated at next-to-leading order,
although the overall normalization of this background is allowed to float
in the final fit to data.

\subsection{Multijet Background\label{sec:mjb}}
The multijet background (MJB) does not typically result in signatures of large
$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$.  However, when jet energy is not measured accurately an event may be
reconstructed with large fake $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ and thus pass the event selection.  Due
to the large rate of MJB production, this is still a significant background.
Much of the MJB is removed by the requirements on the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance and
$\Delta\phi_{\MET}^{\rm jet}$ variables described in Sec.~\ref{sec:selection}.
The shape and normalization of the remaining MJB are determined from the data.

To determine the MJB contribution, a region dominated by MJB is isolated in the
data.  A missing transverse momentum vector $\mbox{$\vec p\kern-0.45em\hbox{/}_{T}$}$, analogous to the calorimeter-based
$\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$, is constructed from the vector sum of the transverse momenta
of all particles measured in the tracking system.  For $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ arising from
neutrinos, the $\mbox{$\vec p\kern-0.45em\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ and $\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ will usually be closely aligned and the
azimuthal angle $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec)$ between them will be small.
The $\mbox{$\vec p\kern-0.45em\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ is largely uncorrelated to the $\mbox{$\vec E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ in events where jet
energies have not been measured accurately; thus the MJB is expected to
be the dominant contribution at large values of $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec)$.  The
distribution of $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec)$ for events satisfying the selection criteria is shown
in Figure \ref{fig2}.  The EWK Monte Carlo is normalized to the data in the
peak region of $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) < 0.3$, where the MJB contribution is negligible.
Additional corrections to the Monte Carlo are made based on comparisons of
$Z \to \mu\mu$ Monte Carlo to $Z \to \mu\mu$ events in data.  Because muons are
minimum ionizing particles which deposit little energy in the calorimeter,
from calorimeter activity $Z \to \mu\mu$ events appear to have real $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$.
This makes $Z \to \mu\mu$ an excellent ``standard candle'' for processes with
$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{figure2.pdf}
\caption{Data compared with the sum of the predicted electroweak (EWK) contributions,
	including the expected signal, for the $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec)$ variable defined
	in Sec.~\ref{sec:mjb}.
	The EWK contribution is determined from Monte Carlo, and is corrected
	by normalizing to the data in the peak region, $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) < 0.3$.
	Events with $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) > 1.0$ are used to model the multijet
	background.\label{fig2}}
\end{figure}

The region of $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) > 1.0$ is dominated by MJB.  Subtracting the
corrected EWK Monte Carlo from the data in the $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) > 1.0$ region
gives an estimate of the remaining MJB in the signal sample.  We now
determine the shape of the MJB in any variable of interest using events in
the $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) > 1.0$ region, with the EWK contribution subtracted.
The shapes of the derived MJB distributions
are also verified with a high-statistics dijet {\sc pythia} Monte Carlo sample.  The
systematic uncertainties associated with this data-driven method of determining
the MJB contribution come primarily from potential differences between the MJB
contribution in the $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) < 1.0$ and $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) > 1.0$ regions.
To estimate the size of these uncertainties, we compare distributions in these
regions in the dijet Monte Carlo sample.  The normalization must also be scaled
up to account for MJB contamination in the region $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) < 1.0$,
and an uncertainty of 20\% is applied to the total MJB yield.

\section{Analysis Technique\label{sec:technique}}
The analysis proceeds via a fit of the signal and background contributions
to the dijet mass $M_{jj}$ distribution.  The signal extraction is performed
with an unbinned maximum likelihood fit using the {\sc RooFit} program \cite{roofit}.
Three $M_{jj}$ template distributions are used in the fit.
The first is the signal shape.  This template is obtained from a Gaussian plus
polynomial fit to the signal Monte Carlo $M_{jj}$ distribution, which is a
combination of the $WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$ $M_{jj}$ distributions weighted by the
predicted SM cross sections.  The mean and width of the Gaussian are linearly
dependent on the jet energy scale (JES), which is constrained to be in the
range allowed by external measurements \cite{JES}.
The second template is the EWK shape, a combination of the $M_{jj}$ distributions
for all backgrounds taken from Monte Carlo as described in Sec.~\ref{sec:ewk}.
The third is the MJB template, which is determined by forming the $M_{jj}$
distribution in events with $\Delta\phi(\MetVec,\PtVec) > 1.0$ as described in Sec.~\ref{sec:mjb}.
The MJB $M_{jj}$ distribution is modeled by an exponential
which is used as the template in the fit.  Based on studies with the dijet
{\sc pythia} Monte Carlo sample, a 20\% uncertainty is taken on the slope of the
exponential to account for uncertainties on the shape of the MJB contribution.

In the fit to data, the JES, the MJB normalization, and the slope of
the MJB exponential
enter as Gaussian constraints, allowed to float within the predetermined
uncertainties.  The yield of signal and EWK background events are floating
in the fit with no constraints.

\section{Systematics\label{sec:syst}}
We address separately two classes of systematic sources, those that
affect the signal extraction and those that affect the signal
acceptance in the cross section calculation.  The signal extraction
systematic uncertainties come from uncertainties on the shapes of
the signal and background templates.  These shape uncertainties
include effects of the jet energy resolution (JER), the jet energy scale
(JES), and the uncertainties on the shapes of the MJB and EWK background.
The JES and the shape and normalization of the MJB are
treated as nuisance parameters in the fit, with a Gaussian constraint
to their expected values.  Thus these uncertainties are already
accounted for in the statistical uncertainty on the extraction.  The
signal resolution uncertainty is determined by smearing each jet in the
Monte Carlo by the expected uncertainty on the JER.

\begin{table}
\caption{The systematic uncertainties described in Sec.~\ref{sec:syst}
	and their effect on the number of extracted signal
	events, the acceptance, and the cross section measurement.
	All systematics are added in quadrature.  Shape uncertainties
	on the MJB background and JES are included in the statistical
	uncertainty returned by the fit.\label{tab1}}
\begin{tabular}{llc}
\hline\hline
 & Systematic Source & \% Uncertainty \\
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Extraction}} & EWK background shape & 7.7 \\
 & Resolution & 5.6 \\
\hline
 & \textbf{Total extraction} & 9.5 \\
\hline\hline
\multirow{6}{*}{\textbf{Acceptance}} & JES & 8.0 \\
 & JER & 0.7 \\
 & $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ resolution model & 1.0 \\
 & Trigger inefficiency & 2.2 \\
 & ISR/FSR & 2.5 \\
 & PDF & 2.0 \\
\hline
 & \textbf{Total acceptance} & 9.0 \\
\hline\hline
 & \textbf{Luminosity} & 5.9 \\
\hline
 & \textbf{Total cross section} & 14.4 \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

The EWK background $M_{jj}$ template is taken from Monte Carlo modeling
of all non-MJB backgrounds.  The primary EWK backgrounds include a gauge
boson accompanied by jets.  To determine a shape uncertainty on the EWK
background, an alternative background model is developed using $\gamma$+jets
data.  There are similarities between $V$+jets and $\gamma$+jets production,
but the kinematics are not identical due primarily to the large mass
difference between the $W/Z$ bosons and the photon.
Also, selection requirements applied to the $\gamma$+jets
events are not identical to those used in the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$+jets sample.
The $W/Z$ decays involving neutrinos leave a signature of $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ in the
detector, while the photon's $E_T$ is measured in the calorimeter.
For this reason, in $\gamma$+jets events we require the
vector sum of the photon $E_T$ and any $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ in the event to be
greater than 60 GeV, treating this sum as analogous to the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ in
$V$+jets events.
To correct for the differences in kinematics and selection, the
$\gamma$+jets events are weighted by the ratio of the $M_{jj}$ distributions
in the EWK background Monte Carlo samples to a $\gamma$+jets {\sc pythia}
sample. This method accounts for any production differences, while
allowing common sources of uncertainty, such as detector effects, parton
distribution functions, and initial and final state radiation, to cancel out.
Another consideration in the $\gamma$+jets data sample
is the contribution of $\gamma+V$ events, which will cause a peak in
the $M_{jj}$ distribution.  We use a $\gamma+V$ {\sc pythia} Monte Carlo
sample to subtract this contribution.
After these corrections, the difference between the $\gamma$+jets
and default EWK background shapes is very small.
We then use the adjusted $\gamma$+jets $M_{jj}$ distribution to
perform a signal extraction fit.  The systematic uncertainty due to the
shape of the EWK background is estimated as the difference in the final
parameter values between the results obtained from this fit and the fit
with the default EWK background shape.
This method accounts for a combined effect of JES, JER, and modeling of
jets in the Monte Carlo.

The dominant source of systematic uncertainty on the signal acceptance
and the cross section measurement is the uncertainty
associated with the jet energy scale.  The JES affects several of the
variables used in the event selection.  The effect of the JES uncertainty
is quantified by varying the jet energies in the signal Monte Carlo by
the $\pm 1\sigma$ variations of the JES.  Other sources of systematic
uncertainty affecting the measured cross section are the JER, the
$\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ resolution model used in calculating the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ significance,
the trigger inefficiency calculated from $Z \to \mu\mu$ events, the
initial and final state radiation (ISR/FSR), and the parton
distribution functions (PDF).    An additional uncertainty originating from
the luminosity measurement is also taken into account~\cite{Acosta:2002hx}.
A summary of the sources of systematic uncertainty is given in Table \ref{tab1}.

\section{Results\label{sec:results}}
The measured yields for signal and background from the $M_{jj}$ fit to
data are given in Table \ref{tab2}, with the extracted number of signal
events measured to be $1516\pm239{\rm (stat)}\pm144{\rm (syst)}$.
The acceptances for the $WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$ processes are estimated as
2.5\%, 2.6\%, and 2.9\% respectively from the Monte Carlo simulations.
In the calculation of the combined cross section, we assume each signal
contributes proportionally to its predicted SM cross section, which is
11.7 pb for $WW$, 3.6 pb for $WZ$, and 1.5 pb for $ZZ$.
Since the sample utilizes a large number of trigger paths, the
luminosity of the sample is best calculated by counting the number
of $Z \to \mu\mu$ events in the $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$-triggered sample and comparing
to the well understood muon-triggered data.  This gives a total
effective luminosity of 3.5 fb$^{-1}$.  With this information, the
measured signal events correspond to a cross section of
$\sigma(p \bar{p} \to VV+X) = 18.0\pm2.8{\rm (stat)}\pm2.4{\rm (syst)}\pm1.1{\rm (lumi)}$
pb, in agreement with a SM prediction of $16.8\pm0.5$ pb obtained from the
{\sc mcfm} program \cite{mcfm} using the CTEQ6.1M PDFs \cite{cteq}.

Figure \ref{fig3} shows the fit result and a comparison between the
extracted signal and the data after background subtraction.  With the data
binned as in Figure \ref{fig3} we obtain a $\chi^2$ of 9.4 for 9 degrees
of freedom, corresponding to a p-value of 40\%.
To assess the significance of the observed signal, we consider parameter
variations for the sources of systematic uncertainty.  Then the maximum
likelihood value of a background-only fit is compared to the likelihood
value returned by the full fit, and the difference is converted into
significance numbers.  This method finds that the observed signal
corresponds to a significance of at least 5.3 standard deviations from
the background-only hypothesis.

In summary, we use a $\mbox{$E\kern-0.60em\raise0.10ex\hbox{/}_{T}$}$ plus dijet final state to measure the combined
$WW+WZ+ZZ$ cross section in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV
to be $18.0\pm2.8{\rm (stat)}\pm2.4{\rm (syst)}\pm1.1{\rm (lumi)}$ pb.
This is consistent with the SM prediction, and is the first observation
in hadronic collisions of the electroweak production of vector boson pairs
where one boson decays to a hadronic final state.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{figure3.pdf}
\caption{Top: Comparison between data and the results of a maximum likelihood fit,
	with the signal shown unstacked.  The gray band represents the systematic
	uncertainty due to the shape of the EWK background as described in
	Sec.~\ref{sec:syst}.  Bottom: Comparison of the fitted diboson signal
	(solid line) with the background-subtracted data (points).  The
	dashed lines represent the $\pm 1\sigma$ statistical variations
	on the extracted signal, while the gray band again represents
	the systematic uncertainty due to the EWK background shape.\label{fig3}}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
\caption{Value of parameters in the model used to fit the $M_{jj}$ distribution.
	Uncertainties shown are statistical only.  Of the 44,910 data events
	which pass the selection criteria, $1516\pm239$ signal events are
	extracted.  The jet energy scale is also extracted from the fit and
	agrees with the default value of 1.0 as measured from
	calibrations \cite{JES}.\label{tab2}}
\begin{tabular}{lc}
\hline\hline
Parameter & Fitted Value \\
\hline
Jet energy scale & $0.985\pm0.019$ \\
Yield of EWK background events & $36140\pm1230$ \\
Yield of MJB events & $7249\pm1130$ \\
Yield of diboson candidates & $1516\pm239$ \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{acknowledgments}
We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions
for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of
the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation;
the Bundesministerium f\"ur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the World Class University
Program, the National Research Foundation of Korea; the Science and Technology Facilities
Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique
des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Ciencia
e Innovaci\'{o}n, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Slovak R\&D Agency;
and the Academy of Finland.
\end{acknowledgments}

\bigskip

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Fred Beans Ford of West Chester
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There isn't a whole lot happening right now, so I turn it over to you guys: What do you want to see on this site? We'll have our top 15 hitters and pitchers starting in mid-November after the Arizona Fall League, but until then, it's kind of a blank slate. So please, anything you want to see written about, let us know in the comments and we'll see what we can do.
2010 breakouts for hitter and pitchers.
Project 2010 roster for the Bowling Green Hotrods and other affiliates.
Agree w/ the above suggestions. It would be cool if you do some potential rosters for the affiliates. Maybe some breakouts. I would suggest a mention some guys who are playing for the affiliates that we may have not heard of, maybe the players are unsung. Who would be the best player in the Rays org that we may have never heard of?
Maybe profiles some former prospects who were in the Rays org. What did they do to make it to the majors. Who in the system right now most looks like that player, stat wise. Maybe a look back on Dewon Brazelton, Carl Crawford, Delmon Young, Josh Hamilton, and Jon Switzer.
Interesting that you want projected rosters, I was just doing that on paper the other day. If you decided to do that Kevin, I started with Cork's projected Rays 2010 roster and worked down through the system from there. It's easier to start at the top and work down so you know how many spots you think will be available as you work down. I also did hitters and pitchers seperately so I could keep focused.
No matter how you do it it's tough, can't predict trades, releases, minor league free agents (leaving and signing). And some guys I just had a hard time figuring. For ex, Royster and Fronk will both be 23 and should move up to Montgomery next year. But will they? They put up identical .607 OPSs as corner OFs at Charlotte this year. I couldn't decide whether they get promoted or released.
The pitchers were easier than the hitters too. Stone Crabs fans are gonna love their pitching staff to begin the season, esp if Satow and Fleming start back there. And Hot Rods fans should see Lobstein, Colome, Fuller, Dott, Quate, Salinas, and possibly Suarez and McEachern.
It sounds like a fun project. You could post skeleton rosters for AAA -> A and then we could edit from there based on comments.
As far as the idea on 'breakouts', define breakouts. Do you mean low level guys most people haven't heard of, or guys who haven't done real well so far who could have good years. To some people who don't know Alex Colome, a good year at BG would be a breakout, but for most around here he's already known.
For the bad to good, I'd go with Shane Dyer and Joseph Cruz. Dyer had a tough year with the ERA over 5 and was dropped from BG's rotation. But he's still young (22 next year), had good walk and HR rates, SO rate wasn't bad, just gave up too many hits. But, his BABIP allowed was .355, which should go down, and his FIP was only 3.45. Big question is if he gets another rotation shot after getting sent to the pen last year. On Cruz, like Dyer his peripherals were better than his ERA. Great SO and BB rates, bad hit rate, but really high BABIP (.363). His FIP was 2.70 and he'll be 21 next year, and if his BABIP falls to something close to normal (~.300), he could be the best pitcher at Charlotte (seriously!).
Whatever you decide to do Kevin, I'll chip in my thoughts for what they're worth.
Since they're still playing, it would be nice to keep up on our AFL players. FYI, Good article in the latest issue of Baseball America on Phillips by John Manuel.
How about a status of the franchise. Who we have at each position in the farm and how their stats compare to their big league counterpart.
I would like to see a list of pitchers over the last 3 years with one list the number of total wins and another number of total saves in the Rays Org. This would help see what they were doing over the longer term.


text:
Patti Austin & James Ingram - Baby, Come To Me (1982)
Genre(s): R&B
"Baby, Come to Me", a love ballad from Patti Austin's 1981 album Every Home Should Have One, was her duet with James Ingram. ...
"Baby, Come to Me", a love ballad from Patti Austin's 1981 album Every Home Should Have One, was her duet with James Ingram. It was written by Rod Temperton (formerly of Heatwave). The song was released as a single in April 1982, peaking at #73 on the Billboard Hot 100. Several months later, American soap opera General Hospital began to feature the song heavily as the love theme for character Luke Spencer. It was re-released in October and reached No. 1 on the chart in February 1983.
The song was performed by Patti Austin and James Ingram, with Michael McDonald contributing background vocals. Produced by Quincy Jones, the song appears on Austin's 1981 album, Every Home Should Have One. When first released as a single, it charted on the US Billboard Hot 100 for just four weeks, peaking at number 73 on May 8, 1982.
Later that year, it gained new exposure as the romantic theme song for Luke Spencer, a leading character on the ABC soap opera General Hospital. ABC received so many inquiries about the song that Warner Bros. decided to re-release "Baby, Come to Me" as a single. On October 16, 1982, the song re-entered the Billboard Hot 100. It reached No. 1 on February 19, 1983, where it stayed for two weeks, and spent seven months on the Hot 100. It also hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart in early 1983 and reached No. 11 in the UK in March 1983.
Chaka Khan - I Feel for You (1984)
Lisa Stansfield - All Around the World (1989)
Womack & Womack - Teardrops (1988)
Daryl Hall & John Oates - I Can't Go For That (No Can Do) (1981)
Gregory Abbott - Shake You Down (1986)
Janet Jackson - Nasty (1986)
Pat Benatar - Invincible (1985)
Kool & The Gang - Fresh (1984)
Rush - The Spirit Of Radio (1980)
Queen - I Want To Break Free (1984)
George Michael - Father Figure (1987)
Duran Duran - A View To A Kill (1985)
Loverboy - When It's Over (1982)
Ultravox - Vienna (1980)
Madonna - Borderline (1984)
Spandau Ballet - Only When You Leave (1984)
Natalie Cole - I Live For Your Love (1987)
Pointer Sisters - Slow Hand (1981)


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text:
ariel pink's haunted garffiti - mature themes
4AD;2012
3.5 out 5
I've always felt like Robert Pollard (of Guided by Voices fame) and Ariel Pink had a few things in common: namely, their songwriting techniques. On his solo work, Pollard would crank out a ton of music, and it would range greatly in quality. Pink seems to have a similar process: these songs seem to be based on loose ideas, and some of them are fantastic while others are fall on their face. This "everything-and-the-kitchen-sink" process leads to some pretty uneven albums that are marked with some amazing highs and middling lows. Ariel Pink's Haunted Grafitti's new album, MATURE THEMES is a bit more consistent than the band's past releases.
Album opener "Kinski Assassin" MATURE THEMES off on the right foot -- it's a breezy, poppy, catchy tune with a sing-a-long chorus. It's the album's most immediately accessible track, and it gives way to "Is This the Best Spot," "Mature Themes," and "Only in My Dreams" and "Driftwood," making the album's first half prettyspectacular. "Only in My Dreams" in particular seems like it could serve as a hit for the album with its beach-based guitar riff and 80's production. The album ends with a cover of Donnie and Joe Emerson's "Baby;" it does double duty here as the album's lead single and the closing track. Pink sends the song into space and layers it with a distant coat of reverb -- it's a smooth track, and a pleasantly calm one on an album maddeningly full of ideas.
The album isn't without it's lows: "Schnitzel Boogie" feels slapped together; its stream-of-conscious subject matter and muffled production make its 4:35 running time feel twice as long. The track is followed with "Symphony of the Nymph," a track that finds the singer crooning "My name is Ariel, and I'm a nympho." The 1-2 punch of these two songs make MATURE THEMES stumble in its middle third. The penultimate track "Nostradamus & Me" also brings the album to a crawl -- it's spacey production and vocals never materialize to anything interesting. These handful of duds are bound to occur with a songwriter like Ariel Pink, but the rest of the album more than makes up for them.
While the album doesn't seem to have a runaway hit like "Round and Round," there are plenty of songs here that come pretty close. MATURE THEMES lives up to the reputation of Ariel Pink and his Haunted Grafitti band: it's largely a scattered, thrift-store glam, loose collection of ideas (some good, some not). As an album, it's decent enough, but the real joy comes in placing each of these songs by themselves out of the larger context of it all. Listeners who didn't enjoy BEFORE TODAY won't be assuaged over to the band's side here, but those that did are in for a treat. Essential songs to sample/download: "Kinski Assassin," "Only In My Dreams," and "Mature Themes."


At first reading, these concepts sound far-fetched and somewhat 'out of this world'. But as rationalists, we have an obligation to keep an open mind to new ideas and to evaluate them on their merits. Are these ideas just wacky or are they the extrapolation of a particular line of scientific research? And if the latter, what moral implications are there?
The Rationalist Society is in favour of science and evidence, as opposed to superstition and bigotry. When Transhumanism hits the general public, what sort of moral support and moral opposition might be encountered? If it looks as though the Singularity is really about to happen, what sort of public mood is likely to be encountered?
This discussion will raise issues of rational evaluation of Transhumanism and the Technological Singularity, and the implications for those in the H+ and Singularity 'communities of interest' if these ideas really hit the public consciousness.


text:
Q: Replacing Emoji Unicode Range from Arabic Tweets using Java I am trying to replace emoji from Arabic tweets using java.
I used this code:
String line = "اييه تقولي اجل الارسنال تعادل امس بعد ما كان فايز ";
Pattern unicodeOutliers = Pattern.compile("([\u1F601-\u1F64F])", Pattern.UNICODE_CASE | Pattern.CANON_EQ | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
Matcher unicodeOutlierMatcher = unicodeOutliers.matcher(line);
line = unicodeOutlierMatcher.replaceAll(" $1 ");

But it is not replacing them. Even if I am matching only the character itself "\u1F602" it is not replacing it. May be because it is 5 digits after the u?! I am not sure, just a guess.
Note that:
1- the emotion at the end of the tweet () is the "U+1F602" which is "face with tears of joy"
2- this question is not a duplicate for this question.
Any Ideas?

A: From the Javadoc for the Pattern class

A Unicode character can also be represented in a regular-expression by
  using its Hex notation(hexadecimal code point value) directly as
  described in construct \x{...}, for example a supplementary character
  U+2011F can be specified as \x{2011F}, instead of two consecutive
  Unicode escape sequences of the surrogate pair \uD840\uDD1F.

This means that the regular expression that you're looking for is ([\x{1F601}-\x{1F64F}]).  Of course, when you write this as a Java String literal,  you must escape the backslashes.
Pattern unicodeOutliers = Pattern.compile("([\\x{1F601}-\\x{1F64F}])");

Note that the construct \x{...} is only available from Java 7.

A: Java 5 and 6
If you are stuck running your program on Java 5 or 6 JVM, and you want to match characters in the range from U+1F601 to U+1F64F, use surrogate pairs in the character class:
Pattern emoticons = Pattern.compile("[\uD83D\uDE01-\uD83D\uDE4F]");

This method is valid even in Java 7 and above, since in Sun/Oracle's implementation, if you decompile Pattern.compile() method, the String containing the pattern is converted into an array of code points before compilation.
Java 7 and above

*

*You can use the construct \x{...} in David Wallace's answer, which is available from Java 7.

*Or alternatively, you can also specify the whole Emoticons Unicode block, which spans from code point U+1F600 (instead of U+1F601) to U+1F64F.
Pattern emoticons = Pattern.compile("\\p{InEmoticons}");

Since Emoticons block support is added in Java 7, this method is also only valid from Java 7.

*Although the other methods are preferred, you can specify supplemental characters by specifying the escape in the regex. While there is no reason to do this in the source code, this change in Java 7 corrects the behavior in applications where regex is used for searching, and directly pasting the character is not possible.
Pattern emoticons = Pattern.compile("[\\uD83D\\uDE01-\\uD83D\\uDE4F]");

/!\ Warning
Never ever mix the syntax together when you specify a supplemental code point, like:

*

*"[\\uD83D\uDE01-\\uD83D\\uDE4F]"

*"[\uD83D\\uDE01-\\uD83D\\uDE4F]"
Those will specify to match the code point U+D83D and the range from code point U+DE01 to code point U+1F64F in Oracle's implementation.
Note
In Java 5 and 6, Oracle's implementation, the implementation of Pattern.u() doesn't collapse valid regex-escaped surrogate pairs "\\uD83D\\uDE01". As the result, the pattern is interpreted as 2 lone surrogates, which will fail to match anything.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


first one way, then the other.
but where? I did not know!
there was dark death below.
and broke my fragile will.
my little faith, a curse.
"Do something! Please... You must!"
My fist shook at the Heavens.
and wondered, "What's the use?"
Now isn't this the way life goes?
Then sodden ropes let loose!
The wicked waves tore at the logs.
My raft began to split.
Apart, my hopes had scattered off.
What could I do, but quit?
I saw - but could it be??
my Lord had came toward me!
But my raft finished breaking up.
a sick mirage, I feared.
and who that cross was for.
as waves crashed on my back?
God's precious love threw me to shore!
I'm thankful God broke up my raft.
my Jesus on the shore!
"Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me; Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me."
This is a beautifully written and well said poem! Thank you Mr. Gander!


text:
Origine
Era il figlio secondogenito del conte d'Empúries e di Rossiglione, Sunyer I e della moglie di cui non si conoscono né il nome, né gli ascendenti.

Biografia
Di Dela si hanno scarse notizie.Dopo la ribellione di Unifredo, il re dei Franchi occidentali, Carlo il Calvo, che aveva avuto la meglio su Pipino II di Aquitania, nell'864, nominò Conte di Empúries suo fratello, Sunyer che lo associò nel governo della contea.

Dopo che da Carlo il Calvo era stata sedata la ribellione (marzo-aprile 878) di Bernardo di Gotia, al congresso di Troyes, Sunyer II ed il fratello Delà, riconfermati nella contea di Empuries, cercarono invano di avere anche la contea di Gerona, ma il loro tentativo fu reso vano da Goffredo il Villoso.
Forse Dela fu anche conte di Gerona per un breve periodo

Nell'889, il fratello, Sunyer II, per farsi confermare il titolo della contea, si recò sino ad Orléans, per rendere omaggio al re dei Franchi occidentali, Oddone.

Nell'894, Delà morì, lasciando il fratello Sunyer II, unico conte.

Matrimonio e discendenza
Secondo lo storico spagnolo Pròsper de Bofarull, Dela aveva sposato Chintola o Cixilona, una delle figlie del conte di Barcellona, Sunifredo I, da cui aveva avuto due figlie:
 Ramlo (†  960), badessa del Monastero di Santa Maria di Ripoll, che ricevette una donazione dalla sorella
 Vigilia (†  957), era la concubina di Miró II conte della Cerdanya, di Conflent e di Besalú, a cui diede cinque figli:
 Cixilona che sposò Ajalberto
 Gotruda († tra il 956 e il 963), che nel 947 sposò il conte Lupo I di Pailhars
 Guilinda
 Sesenanda
 Fredelone o Guicalfredo (†  dopo il 964)

Note

Bibliografia

Letteratura storiografica
 René Poupardin, I regni carolingi (840-918), in «Storia del mondo medievale», vol. II, 1999, pp. 583–635
 Prósper Bofarull y Mascarò, Los condes de Barcelona vindicados, y cronología y genealogía..., volume 1

Voci correlate
 Contea di Gerona
 Conti di Empúries
 Conti di Barcellona
 al-Andalus

Collegamenti esterni

Conti di Empúries
Spagna medievale
Spagna visigota
Storia della Catalogna


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text:
Illinois Department of Labor finalizes domestic worker rules, clarifies protections
By Editor | August 1, 2022 | 0
Clarifies compensable hours, record keeping, standards for meals and lodging
The Illinois Department of Labor (IDOL) has finalized rules for the employment of domestic workers to better define pay, record keeping, and other requirements that apply to domestic work.
The rules follow a statutory change that extended the protections of the Minimum Wage Law to domestic workers, who had previously been excluded from coverage.
"The General Assembly has established that domestic workers deserve the same core labor protections as workers in other industries. With these rules, we hope to make domestic workers' rights on-the-job clearer and help domestic employers understand their obligations under the law," said Illinois Department of Labor Acting Director Jane Flanagan.
The amended Minimum Wage rules, 56 Ill. Adm. Code 210, define domestic workers as individuals who are employed to perform tasks in someone's home, such as in a nanny, caregiver, or housekeeper role.
Among other provisions, the newly adopted rules:
Clarify that domestic workers must be paid for all compensable hours worked, including time and one-half pay for overtime hours.
Specify how employers should account for rest and sleeping periods.
Set parameters for when meal or lodging costs can be deducted from a worker's paycheck.
Require employers of domestic workers, like all other employers subject to the Minimum Wage Law, to keep wage and hour records.
Clarify obligations where multiple employers share services of a domestic worker.
The new rules take effect today, August 1, 2022.


text:
Rugby World Cup - Five players to watch - Tip News
Rugby World Cup - Five players to watch
'Ireland fly-half Johnny Sexton won the Six Nations Grand Slam and a European Champions Cup to help him claim the World Rugby Player of the Year award' - By: AFP/File Paul FAITH
From a Test match point-scoring stalwart to a World Cup winner, from an Olympic champion to an emblematic leaders who transcends sport as well as a fresh-faced rookie, AFP Sports looks at five players who could turn out to be the headline grabbing names of the Rugby World Cup starting in Japan on September 20:
Johnny Sexton, Ireland
The reigning World Rugby Player of the Year heads to his third World Cup having featured in only one of four of Ireland's warm-up matches due to injury.
The influential fly-half returned during the victory over Wales in early September to win his 84th cap in the number 10 jersey. Sexton trails only the man he displaced at fly half, Ronan O'Gara, as Ireland's all-time points scorer, with 770. O'Gara scored 1,083 international points.
Sexton is joined by Munster's Conor Murray in forming an experienced half-back partnership under head coach Joe Schmidt.
Beauden Barrett, New Zealand
The 28-year-old, a world champion four years ago, travels to Japan along with brothers Scott and Jordie, after a difficult few months.
Barrett, a former two-time World Rugby Player of the Year, has been moved to full-back by head coach Steve Hansen to accomodate for Richie Mo'unga in the number 10 shirt and deal with an injury to Damian McKenzie.
Despite persistent doubts about the accuracy of his goal-kicking, Barrett's talent and speed in open play, especially on the counter attack, make him one of the most dangerous players with ball in hand.
Leone Nakarawa, Fiji
The 'Octopus', as he is called by team-mate Jale Vatubua, is among four Fiji squad members at the World Cup who also won a gold medal at the Rio Olympics in 2016.
The Racing 92 second-row stands 1.98m tall. His ability to use his long arms to off-load the ball can be almost undefendable. His reach also means he is dangerous disrupting opposition ball high in the air at lineouts as well as during driving mauls.
With 59 caps, the 31-year-old Nakarawa is one behind Campese Ma'afu as the Pacific Islanders most experienced player heading to Japan.
Siya Kolisi, South Africa
South Africa's first black Test captain will look to follow in the footsteps of Francois Pienaar and Jon Smit by guiding the Springboks to a World Cup title.
The Stormers flanker, who wears the same number six as Pienaar did in 1995, has been a key part of the Rassie Erasmus-led turnaround of the national team after pitiful defeats to Italy and Wales in the space of seven days in November 2016.
Kolisi missed the last-gasp draw with New Zealand in June but was at his all-encompassing best in the victory over the All Blacks last September, a side they will face again in Japan in their opening pool match.
A lot of his most important work is done in the shadows but he stands out as a ball-carrier an abrasive forward pack.
Jordan Petaia, Australia
The uncapped 19-year-old has had his Test debut delayed since early August because of continuing fitness problems but could become the Wallabies' youngster ever World Cup player.
Although he is not a direct replacement, Petaia's power and threatening running gives for head coach Michael Cheika another option as he deals with the loss of sacked Israel Folau.
If he stays fit he will compete with a wealth of quality for a starting spot in the Aussie backline. His international bow will most likely come against Uruguay or Georgia in the final two pool matches.
Short link: https://tipnews.com/u/MTA2OTQy
#RugbyUnion #Sport
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer has confirmed Harry Maguire as Manchester United's new captain less than six months after his £80 million ($104 million) move from Leicester.Maguire will take over as skipper from Ashley Young, who is expected to complete his move to Int
The United States will make a first-ever visit to Wales for a friendly in March to complete a two-match European trip ahead of 2022 World Cup qualifying later this year.The Americans will face the Netherlands on March 26 at Eindhoven in an already-scheduled ma
South Africa face a huge battle for survival after England dominated the second day of the third Test at St George's Park on Friday.Centuries by Ben Stokes and Ollie Pope and some powerful lower-order hitting enabled England to declare on 499 for nine before
Centuries by Ben Stokes and Ollie Pope, followed by two late wickets, put England in a dominant position on the second day of the third Test against South Africa at St George's Park on Friday.England declared on 499 for nine and South Africa were struggling o
HELLO, PLEASE TAKE A MOMENT TO RATE THIS POST Rugby World Cup - Five players to watch


Saturday 29 and Sunday 30 October: Dies to Die For and Me Craft Event!
You can find more information on the topics covered in the ECCP Basic Class here. I will update this information as soon as I return from Copic HQ in October, but the new class is very similar.
All Saturday Classes will be at a basic level, but we will pack in as much as possible.
You can find more information on the topics covered in the ECCP Advanced Class here.I will update this information as soon as I return from Copic HQ in October, but the new class is very similar.
All classes include a DTDF Goody Bag (one per person).
These classes are filling up faster than we expected, so please register as soon as you can.
There will be sandwiches, cake and drinks available throughout the weekend.
If you are travelling there are plenty of local hotels and if you are bringing family there are venues such as Thorpe Park, Chessington World of Adventures, Hampton Court Palace, River Thames, Family Golf Course and a shopping centre all within a short drive of the venue.
I hope you can make it... See you there!
Oh super card hun your colouring is simply stunning hugs cheryl.
What fun we had today. Now to practice hair!


text:
/*
 * Dijkstra.cpp
 *
 *  Created on: 20.06.2017
 *      Author: alesan
 */

#include "Dijkstra.h"

Dijkstra::Dijkstra(int vertexCount, NodeToEdgeMap* vertexToEdges, Weights* weights) {
	this->vertexCount = vertexCount;
	this->vertexToEdges = vertexToEdges;
	this->weights = weights;

}

Dijkstra::~Dijkstra() {
	// nop
}

WeightsAndPrenodeMap Dijkstra::computeShortestPath(int source){
	WeightsAndPrenodeMap weightAndNodeMap(vertexCount);
	weightAndNodeMap[source].first = 0.;

	#pragma omp parallel for
	for(int i = 0; i<vertexCount; i++){
		if(source == i){
			continue;
		}
		weightAndNodeMap[i].first = INT_MAX;
		weightAndNodeMap[i].second = -1;
	}

	Queue* Q = new Queue();
	Q->push(Edge(source, 0));

	while(!Q->empty()){
		Edge top = Q->top();
		Q->pop();
		int vertex = top.first;
		double dist = top.second;
		if(dist > weightAndNodeMap[vertex].first){
			continue;
		}

		EdgeWithIndexList edgeList = vertexToEdges->at(vertex);
		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < edgeList.size(); i++){
			EdgeWithIndex edgeWithIndex = edgeList[i];
			if(weightAndNodeMap[edgeWithIndex.first].first <= weightAndNodeMap[vertex].first + weights->at(edgeWithIndex.second)){
				continue;
			}
			weightAndNodeMap[edgeWithIndex.first].second = vertex;
			weightAndNodeMap[edgeWithIndex.first].first = weightAndNodeMap[vertex].first + weights->at(edgeWithIndex.second);
			Q->push(Edge(edgeWithIndex.first, weightAndNodeMap[edgeWithIndex.first].first));
		}

	}
	delete Q;
	return weightAndNodeMap;
}


text:
2021 Issue no. 3
Imeachtaí
2 June 2013 Edition
Resize: A A A Print
'Uncomfortable Conversations' have begun
• Graham Spencer, Reverend Chris Hudson, Jim McAuley and former UDA prisoner Jackie McDonald at 'The Future of Loyalism' conference in April
» Graham Spencer & Chris Hudson
Interestingly, the PUP document stresses reconciliation as a social rather than political process and does so because inclusivity, if it is genuine, must extend beyond the political
THE Progressive Unionist Party's new document Transforming the Legacy (released on 22 April) is the first constructive response from unionism on the question of reconciliation. It is a response to Sinn Féin's request for others to engage with the tortuous problems of how to deal with the past. Although constructed as a call to the loyalist base, it significantly touches one fundamental aspect of the reconciliation debate and any subsequent process: INCLUSIVITY.
Interestingly, the PUP document stresses reconciliation as a social rather than political process and does so because inclusivity, if it is genuine, must extend beyond the political. Politics is important to shape the climate for reconciliation and give official recognition to the structures and mechanisms that any reconciliation process will need. But the importance of inclusivity is that it offers the potential (if credible and with commendable conviction) to move outside of the restrictive boundaries and managed divisions that tie people to the past.
To envisage a future that is different and better it is clear that there must be a release from the divisive imaginations which have prevailed. The irony of all this, of course, is that insecurity feeds instability and in a zero-sum political society the pressure of gains means that progress is invariably measured by the scale of loss inflicted on others. In a 'normal' society such tensions are held within a frame of consensus politics, but in Northern Ireland such consensus is notably absent. Political progress for many depends on political regress for others; hardly a basis of reconciliation.
The starting point is surely the call for an honest and open debate about what kind of future the respective communities in Northern Ireland want and to consider how compatible or incompatible those perceptions of the future are. This would enable all to see to what extent each community constructs the idea of a future and where convergent and divergent interests are. All talk is about the past and none about the future. What kind of future might be imagined? Is it one where dominance or control comes to mind, or is it one where the desire for dominance and control are seen as a hindrance to that future?
Such questions reflect a need for what Sinn Féin's Declan Kearney has called 'Uncomfortable Conversations'. Those conversations also call for serious re-evaluation of what motivated and happened during conflict and looking beyond easy and immediate blame. This will be hard for those who inflicted pain and who absorbed it. One's life can be formed by suffering and to move away from this fact must surely be the hardest journey of all. If reconciliation is anything it is the journey away from pain, but we must also be vigilant to the possibility that truth can make things worse as well as better; that when some hear what really happened in the death of their loved one they may feel compelled to seek justice or retribution in ways they would not have considered before.
The managing of truth, victims, justice and trauma in a reconciliation process will require very careful and sensitive handling. Each community views truth differently: one preferring to see truth in terms of individual responsibility, the other viewing it through the lens of social circumstances and context. This, it seems, is a good starting point in relation to the reconciliation debate and, in particular, to inclusivity.
What comes to mind for each community when they think of inclusivity?
Initially, it would perhaps be too much to expect common ground here but not too much to expect common interest and indeed, common value. If the core over-arching theme and concept of inclusivity can provide a foundation for the generation of common interest and value (and both republicans and loyalists are using the term inclusivity), it will provide a basis by which to proceed because it will have created the possibility of shared space in the debate.
For now, inclusivity must be necessarily ambiguous (just as the concept of 'all' is). It must have latitude that exceeds the conventions of political thinking. And this is where the PUP document has merit, because in conceiving reconciliation in terms of the social it marks a break from the traditions of the Protestant worldview where it is the individual that matters most.
In moving to the social, the PUP are actually emphasising a context which is of more appeal to Catholics than Protestants and this is ground-breaking. There will, of course, be much talk that resonates with the loyalist base but make no mistake – uncomfortable but necessary conversations have now begun and tentative but meaningful shifts are underway.
Graham Spencer is Reader in Politics, Conflict and the Media at the University of Portsmouth and has written widely on loyalism
Chris Hudson is a Unitarian minister at All-Souls in Belfast and has acted as a mediator between the UVF and the Dublin Government since 1993
Graham Spencer's books include...
The State of Loyalism in Northern Ireland
Protestant Identity and Peace in Northern Ireland
Ulster Loyalism After the Good Friday Agreement: History, Identity and Change
Forgiving and Remembering in Northern Ireland: Approaches to Conflict Resolution
44 Parnell Sq.
Republican Roll of Honour