text:
ON THE MEND
Chelsea confirm Edouard Mendy transfer from Rennes for £22m putting Kepa's future under Lampard in huge doubt
John Hutchinson
CHELSEA have completed the £22million signing of goalkeeper Edouard Mendy from Rennes.
The 28-year-old has agreed a five-year deal with the Premier League giants to take Chelsea's summer spending to £22m.
Chelsea have completed the signing of goalkeeper Edouard Mendy
It will throw current No1 Kepa's future up in the air after a series of clangers in recent months.
The latest of these came in the 2-0 defeat by champions Liverpool on Sunday.
The Spaniard, signed for a world record fee for a keeper of £72m, even lost his place to veteran Willy Caballero towards the end of last season.
CHELSEA NEWS LIVE: Click here for the latest Blues news
Mendy told the Blues' website: "I am so excited to be joining Chelsea.
"It's a dream for me to be a part of this exciting squad and to work with [manager] Frank Lampard and all of his coaching staff.
"I look forward to meeting my team-mates and can't wait to get started."
Mendy, who stands at 6ft 6in, helped Rennes finish third in Ligue 1 last season to secure Champions League football for the first time in their history.
He becomes Chelsea's SEVENTH signing of the summer.
LEAGUE OF HIS OWEN
Stephen Kenny following Bill Belichick and will live by 'next man up'
REDEMPTION ROAD
Paul Perth battled addiction and prison to now advise youth against drugs
Ex-Man Utd star Hernandez's stunning Wag Sarah Kohan poses naked in daring snap
And it means Lampard will have spent £222m, even though two of those seven players arrived for free.
Centre-backs Thiago Silva and Malang Sarr were snapped up for nothing from Paris Saint-Germain and Nice respectively.
Hakim Ziyech cost £36m to sign from Ajax, with £45m spent on Leicester's Ben Chilwell.
Meanwhile, Chelsea paid £47m to release Timo Werner from his RB Leipzig contract.
They then matched their club transfer record by shelling out £72m on Bayer Leverkusen's Kai Havertz - the same fee they spent on flop goalie Kepa two years ago.
Andy Jacobs is no fan of Chelsea's goalkeeper Kepa who he thinks is the worst in English football


Soccer - Service Plays Of The Day (3/31) Reliable And Tracked Services ONLY.
Fezzik or Hook for Nover?
Soccer - Service Plays Of The Day (3/29) Reliable And Tracked Services ONLY.
Soccer - Service Plays Of The Day (3/30) Reliable And Tracked Services ONLY.


Regular eye exams are an invaluable tool in maintaining your eyes' health by detecting and preventing disease. Some diseases develop slowly without causing pain or vision loss. Early detection of any problems can reduce the risk of further harm and allow for a choice of treatment options. We regularly screen for diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, which can develop without any noticeable symptoms.
Our doctors perform surgery only when needed to reduce the invasiveness of treatment and any associated trauma or downtime, and after less invasive treatment such as medications, eye drops and laser procedures have failed. We also perform laser vision correction procedures to improve vision and eliminate or reduce the dependence on contact lenses and glasses.


new look, with the added advances made on the GBA handheld. However, the concept of the game remained the same; setting out on an adventure as a youngster to defeat the Gym leaders and battle evil across the world.
Mothers have always been a prominent figure across the Pokémon games. However, when you reach Petalburg Gym, you are faced by none other than your own Father, gym leader Norman. Needless to say he has no worries about destroying you and your only choice for progression is to firmly put him in his place! There's only one Pokémon master around here old man. Us!!


text:
ILLINOIS MAN ACCUSED OF MURDERS FILES FOR DIVORCE
Aug 7, 2013 | Divorce
On behalf of Law Office of Bradley R. Tengler, P.C. posted in Divorce on Wednesday, August 7, 2013.
Illinois resident Nicholas Sheley, who is accused of killing eight people, is now filing for divorce. Sheley was convicted of two murders in June of 2008. He had been married to his wife for two months at that time. The couple has now been married for five years. They has two children. The couple's 8-year-old son and 7-year-old daughter live with the paternal grandparents. Sheley is requesting that the current child custody arrangement remain the same.
Sheley filed his handwritten petition for divorce in Whiteside County Court. He states that his wife cheated on him on numerous occasions and is guilty of extreme mental cruelty. He also cites irreconcilable differences and that the couple has been separated for five years.
Sheley will soon be facing his third murder trial in Rock County. He will stand trial for the murder of three adults and a 2-year-old child who were all bludgeoned to death. He is currently serving two life sentences for the murder of two men. Sheley's wife testified against him in one of the trials in exchange for immunity from prosecution for any crimes that she may be guilty of in connection with the killings.
The wife testified that Sheley is a violent drunk who often used cocaine when he had been drinking. She reported that at the time of the murders he was spending $300 a day on drugs. She herself has several convictions for drug charges, burglary, retail theft and forgery. She was most recently sentenced to 180 days in jail for unlawful possession of another person's credit card. All of these are probably factors in why the paternal grandparents have custody of the children.
Source: Sauk Valley Media, "Sheley seeking a divorce," Christi Warren, Aug. 1, 2013

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Manafort, our experienced and skilled workforce combined with our fleet of specialty equipment allows us to perform a wide range of concrete projects varying in complexity and size.
Past projects include building foundations and slabs for commercial, institutional, hospitality, and residential projects, structural concrete for both mid and high rise projects, high-tolerance foundations and structural concrete for industrial facility projects including power plants, transportation related work including bridges, train stations, parking garages, retaining walls, and other mass transit oriented projects, as well as architectural concrete for museum, higher education institution, commercial, and residential projects.
As a specialty concrete company, we have performed the concrete work for many of the largest projects in the region including the tallest cast-in-place concrete building in the State of Connecticut, the Mohegan Sun Tower. We have placed superflat slabs within accuracies excess of FF 100 and FL 100. We have performed architectural concrete work for some of the leading universities and museums in the world. We have even performed mass concrete placements up to 4000 cubic yards in a single day.
Our ability to be consistently successful and to execute both simple and complex concrete projects safely and effectively has enabled us to become a leading specialty concrete contractor in the region.
For a more thorough understanding of our experience and capabilities in this market, please see the Completed Project Summaries included herein or feel free to contact any one of our offices.


text:
Aglaonema Pattaya Beauty Plant
PLANT NAME
Height – 6 to 9 inch
Color – Green, golden
Base of Plant – Cocopeat
Araucaria Plant|Christmas Tree Plant
Plant name Araucaria.
Height –3 feet
Pot size- 10 inch
Araucaria.Araucaria, genus of 20 species of pinelike coniferousplants in the family Araucariaceae. The name of the genus is derived from Arauco, the name of a district in southern Chile where the trees were first discovered.
Areca Palm Plant For Airpurifier
The Areca palm, native to Madagascar, is one of the most popular indoor houseplants sold today. Indoors an Areca palm is a medium sized exotic looking plant that can reach a height of 6-8 feet, outdoors it may be as tall as 25 feet. The Areca palm gets its nickname, the Butterfly palm, because its long feathery fronds (leaves) arch upwards off multiple reed- like stems, resembling butterfly wings.
Bromeliads(Guzmania lingulata) are members of a plant family well known as Bromeliaceae. Pineapple is well- known Bromeliad. Bromeliads are easy to grow plants. They need very less care. These plants come in a huge range of sizes from tiny miniatures to giants.
Dracaena Victoria Plant
Plant name – Dracaena victoria plant
Height – 1.5 to 2 feet
Color- Golden, Green
Golden Money Plant
In every second household, you can find a money plant blooming in its glory. Money plant is considered as a lucky plant which brings wealth, health, prosperity and happiness in the house. Money plant is also known as Malabar Chestnut or saba nut. There are many facts about money plant that you must know. For example, money plant in Feng Shui is considered to be a lucky plant that brings monetary gain and good fortune. However, the money plant is also grown in the house as an indoor plant to add to the décor. If you have a money plant at home, then it would be thrilling to know some surprising facts about money plant.
Heart Leaf Plant
Heartleaf philodendron is a popular house plant because it is extremely easy to grow. It's also known as the Sweetheart Plant.
Heart-shaped, glossy leaves emerge bronze, then quickly turn green. The leaves are typically 2-4 in (5-10 cm) long, and cover its long, slender stems that can grow to 4 ft (1.2 m) or more.
Lady Palm Plant
Generally speaking, the "Lady Palm" plant can grow to more than 14' feet in height. Its clumps can sometimes reach enormous width, so the plant's width can match its height. Lady Palm has big, thick leaves with blunt tips and wide segments. This is why it's sometimes known as "broadleaf Lady Palm". The plant has sturdy canes covered with coarse, dark brown fiber.
The Lady Palm can easily tolerate both tropical and subtropical temperatures ranging from 20 to 100 degrees F. It handles very well both dry and humid climates.
The plant is a good producer of rhizome offshoots, which adds fullness and it makes a good source of material for division. This is why it's relatively easy to propagate it by division. It's also possible to start the Lady Palm by seed, but it's a somewhat rare method.
Philodendron Ceylon Golden
Philodendrons are among the most popular, tolerant, and durable of all house plants. What they all have in common is there ability to survive neglect and adverse conditions.
Philodendron house plants thrive indoors year round without complaint, but they enjoy an occasional stay outdoors in a shady spot when the weather permits.
Taking the plant outdoors also gives you a chance to flush the soil with plenty of fresh water and clean the leaves. Unlike most house plants, philodendrons do not experience as much stress when moving from indoor to outdoor settings.
Rubber Plant
Plant name Rubber Tree Plants
Height – 01 feet
Pot size- 8 inch
Rubber Tree Plants also known asrubber shrub or India rubber fig,rubber tree (Ficus elastica) is an evergreen shrub ortree with thick, leathery leaves that may be up to 12 inches long and 5 inches wide.
Rubber Tree Plant For Airpurifier
Rubber tree plant care as a houseplant is easy. If you keep it in a well-lit position in your home. Besides the ornamental aspect, rubber tree is considered an air purifying plant.
Rubber Tree Plant:-
Also known as rubber shrub or India rubber fig, rubber tree (Ficus elastica) is an evergreen shrub or tree with thick, leathery leaves that may be up to 12 inches long and 5 inches wide. The tree can grow up to 100 feet tall in its native range, though it is closer to half that size in home gardens. Due to its frost intolerance, rubber tree is often grown as a houseplant.
Sansevieria Plants
Plant name – Sansevieria
Location – Outdoor plant
Height – 6 inch to 1 feet
Family: Asparagaceae
Origin: Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia
Common Names: snake plant, mother-in-law's tongue, bowstring hemp, devil's tongue, jinn's tongue, snake tongue


Set aside time for talking and listening to each other.
Listen to your children when they want to talk, have strong feelings or have a problem.
Be open to talking about all kinds of feelings, including anger, joy, frustration, fear and anxiety. Talking about feeling angry is different from getting angry, though. Learning the difference is an important step for a child learning to communicate.
When talking to your child, try to remember how it was when you were a child and how you were generally attracted to those people who really listened to you. After all, children think differently from grown-ups. There are a lot of things they don't know and a lot of things they don't have the words to talk about.
Let your child finish talking and then respond. When listening, try not to interrupt or put words in your child's mouth – even when your child says something ridiculous or wrong or is having trouble finding the words. Children appreciate this as much as grown-ups!
Use language that your children will understand. Sometimes we forget that children don't "get" everything.
Watch your child's facial expression and body language. Listening isn't just about hearing words, but also trying to understand what's behind those words.
To let your child know you're listening, and make sure you've really understood, repeat back what your child has said and make lots of eye contact.
Show your interest by saying such things as, "Tell me more about …", "Really!" and "Go on …". Ask children what they feel about the things they're telling you about.
Avoid criticism and blame. If you're angry about something your child has done, try and explain why you don't want them to do it again. Appeal to their sense of empathy.
Work together to solve problems and conflicts.


There are times in life when things are hard. Life can be overwhelming. At these times we can feel anxious, lonely, depressed, trapped, frightened and confused. Sometimes we need somebody to listen and support us to work through these difficult times.
My name is Emma and I am a fully qualified counsellor with a Masters in Clinical Counselling from The University of Chester. I have experience of working in an NHS, IAPT (Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies) counselling service. I decided to work privately so that I can give my clients the freedom to work through things in their own way, at their own pace.
I work with adults and young people with a range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress, bereavement, abuse, bullying, low self-esteem, relationship issues and many more.
I am a Person-Centred counsellor, this means that I work with you. My counselling sessions are client led. I will offer you a safe, non-judgemental space to talk and explore your thoughts and feelings so that together, we can find a way to challenge them, or learn to accept them.
Having completed research in Post-Natal Mental Health I have a particular expertise in working with mothers and mothers to be. If you are a mother of any age who has experienced confusing feelings towards motherhood, or around being a mother, I can help.
I have also worked at a charity which is dedicated to the Prevention of Suicide. If you are experiencing thoughts of suicide and/or suicidal ideation, I can help you to keep safe from these often frightening and overwhelming thoughts whilst supporting you to understand where they come from and what you can do to move past them.
I have supported people for over 15 years in schools, hostels for homeless people, youth services and in family support roles. I trained as a counsellor because I believe that having good mental health is the key to a being able to have a fulfilled and meaningful life.
I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). The BACP is the governing body for Counselling and Psychotherapy. As a member I adhere to their ethical guidelines and I hold myself to the highest professional standards.


One of the promising suggestions I got in my other thread was to try lowering the flash frequency from 80 MHz to 40 MHz, which I would want to try ASAP, however the devices I want to try that on are on the field for testing - I can only OTA update them.
AFAIK the flash frequency can only be changed locally by setting the proper cmdline parameters to esptool and uploading a new bootloader for that flash speed as well. In fact, I tried recompiling for 40 MHz and OTA updated one device locally and it seems it didn't slow down the tiniest bit, but then again I'm not 100% sure and I want to verify what the flash speed is now. I looked around and I couldn't find functions to query that, hence this thread.
If my suspicion is correct, reading the flash speed is just fetching the values from SPI_USER1_REG(0) and SPI_USER2_REG(0), then decoding them (there would be a couple of magic constant pairs for these regs, one corresponds to 40 MHz, one to 80 MHz). Let's call this get_spi_flash_freq().
Then I'd also want to lower the SPI flash freq for my devices on the field - it might be doable by quickly changing both registers with the magics for 40 MHz (say we name this function set_spi_flash_freq()). I can OTA upload a new firmware that calls set_spi_flash_freq() in the beginning and my devices will run on 40MHz almost all the time.
1. Is there any code that already implements something similar the proposed get_spi_flash_freq()/set_spi_flash_freq() funcs described above?
2. Is the approach in set_spi_flash_freq() workable, can you do that with the flash already being actively used?
Guru Meditation Error: Core  0 panic'ed (InstrFetchProhibited). Exception was unhandled.


text:
Q: WP Вывод пагинации для произвольного типа записи Имеется произвольный тип записи news задается в functions.php

add_action('init', function () {

    $labels = array(
        'name' => 'News',
        'singular_name' => 'News',
        'add_new' => 'Add News',
        'add_new_item' => 'Add News',
        'edit_item' => 'Corrected news',
        'new_item' => 'New news',
        'all_items' => 'All news',
        'search_items' => 'Search news',
        'not_found' => 'News in these types were not found',
        'not_found_in_trash' => 'No such news were found in the basket',
        'menu_name' => 'News'
    );

    $args = array(
        'labels' => $labels,
        'public' => true,
        'publicly_queryable' => false,
        'has_archive' => true,
        'menu_icon' => 'dashicons-email-alt2',
        'menu_position' => 5,
        'supports' => array('title', 'editor', 'custom-fields', 'thumbnail'),
        'taxonomies' => array('category', 'post_tag'),
        'rewrite' => true,
        'query_var' => true,

    );

    register_post_type('news', $args);
});

В нем задано 15 данных записей. Задача на странице page-news.php вывести записи с пагинацией по 5 страниц.
Вот код подключения.

    <?php

    $args = array(
        'post_type' => 'news',
        'orderby' => 'post_date',
        'order' => 'DESC',
        'posts_per_page' => '5',

    );

    $query = new WP_Query($args);
    if ($query->have_posts()) {
        while ($query->have_posts()) : $query->the_post();
            $title = get_the_title();
            echo '

                    ' . $title . '

';
        endwhile; ?>

        <?php
        $current_page = !empty( $_GET['news'] ) ? $_GET['news'] : 1;
        echo paginate_links( array(
            'base' => get_pagenum_link(1) . '%_%',
            'format' => 'page/%#%/',
            'total' => $query->max_num_pages,
            'current' => $current_page,
            'show_all' => false,
            'end_size' => 1,
            'mid_size' => 2,
            'prev_next' => true,
            'prev_text' => __('Previous', 'proyob'),
            'next_text' => __('Next', 'proyob'),
            'class' => '',
        ) );
        ?>

    <?php }
    wp_reset_postdata(); ?>

<?php else : ?>
<?php esc_html_e('Missing posts with defined criteria', 'test'); ?>
<?php endif; ?>

Пагинация, отображает paginate_links(), но при нажатие на ссылку отображает не контент новой страницы, а index.php.

A: Возможно кому-то пригодиться ответ.
При объявлении кастомного типа записи, его slug не должен совпадать со слагом страниц/постов/категорий и тд.
При правке кастомного типа записи необходимо пересохнанять Settings/Permalink Settings
Вид произвольной типа записи в functions.php .
add_action('init', function () {

    $labels = array(
        'name' => 'News',
        'singular_name' => 'News',
        'add_new' => 'Add News',
        'add_new_item' => 'Add News',
        'edit_item' => 'Corrected news',
        'new_item' => 'New news',
        'all_items' => 'All news',
        'search_items' => 'Search news',
        'not_found' => 'News in these types were not found',
        'not_found_in_trash' => 'No such news were found in the basket',
        'menu_name' => 'News'
    );

    $args = array(
        'labels' => $labels,
        'public' => true,
        'publicly_queryable' => false,
        'menu_icon' => 'dashicons-email-alt2',
        'menu_position' => 5,
        'supports' => array('title', 'editor', 'custom-fields', 'thumbnail'),
        'taxonomies' => array('category', 'post_tag'),

        'hierarchical' => true,
        'has_archive'   => true,
        'query_var' => 'new',
        'rewrite' => array(
            'slug' => 'new',
        ),

    );

    register_post_type('news', $args);
});

Особое внимание к параметрам 'hierarchical' => true, 'has_archive'   => true, Что б выводило пагинацию этих кастомных постов с пагинацией.
<?php if (have_posts()) : ?>

                <?php
                $current = absint(
                    max(
                        1,
                        get_query_var( 'paged' ) ? get_query_var( 'paged' ) : get_query_var( 'news' )
                    )
                );
                $query = new WP_Query(
                    [
                        'post_type' => 'news',
                        'posts_per_page' => 5,
                        'paged' => $current,
                    ]
                );

                if ($query->have_posts()) {
                    while ($query->have_posts()) : $query->the_post();
                        $title = get_the_title();
                        echo '

                                ' . $title . '

';
                    endwhile; ?>

                        <?php
                        echo paginate_links( array(
                            'base' => get_pagenum_link(1) . '%_%',
                            'format' => 'page/%#%/',
                            'total' => $query->max_num_pages,
                            'current' => max( 1, get_query_var('paged') ),
                            'show_all' => false,
                            'end_size' => 1,
                            'mid_size' => 2,
                            'prev_next' => true,
                            'prev_text' => __('Previous', 'test'),
                            'next_text' => __('Next', 'test'),
                            'class' => '',
                        ) );
                        ?>

                <?php }
                wp_reset_postdata(); ?>

                <?php else : ?>
<?php esc_html_e('Missing posts with defined criteria', 'test'); ?>
<?php endif; ?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


30 May 18 L Lynch Plant Hire & Haulage has moved into new larger premises in Hemel Hempstead to accommodate growth.
The new premises and head office at Boundary Way in Hemel Hempstead more than doubles the space available to L Lynch's operations, from 103,000 square feet before to 208,000 square feet now.
With office space, workshops and training facilities, it will act as a 'super centre' for all Lynch plant and hire equipment in London and the southeast.
L Lynch is holding a Family Open Day event for Sunday 8th July to celebrate the launch of its headquarters.


So the last week has been interesting. I have felt like a fish out of water. Rushing to take a train…..is this really me?
I wanted to ride fewer miles on the days leading up to the San Diego Brevet Series 300km. I took the Metrolink one day from Irvine to Oceanside round trip. I rode my bike from Oceanside to Encinitas in the morning and back to Oceanside in the afternoon. Today I took the Amtrak from Irvine to Solana Beach. It was a nice relaxing ride on the train but getting to the train was nerve-racking. I kept thinking if I missed the train then I would have to ride my bike home. Isn't it funny how I was commuting the whole way on the bike the week before but this week I was fearing the ride? It's just one of those things where when your mind is expecting one thing it is a shock to the body and mind to do something else.
On the first day of my train commuting, I walked up to the platform carrying my bike and immediately a gentleman approached me. We started talking about the bike, riding and different events. I told him I was doing a brevet and he was familiar with them.
What a small world. There were three people on the platform and two of us were Ultra Cyclists.


Even doctors are now saying that there is value in trying LEMON.
This is the latest in medicine, effective for cancer! Read carefully & you be the judge.
Lemon (Citrus) is a miraculous product to kill cancer cells. It is 10,000 times stronger than chemotherapy. Why do we not know about that? Because there are laboratories interested in making a synthetic version that will bring them huge profits. You can now help a friend in need by letting him/her know that lemon juice is beneficial in preventing the disease. Its taste is pleasant and it does not produce the horrific effects of chemotherapy. How many people will die while this closely guarded secret is kept, so as not to jeopardize the beneficial multimillionaires large corporations?
You can eat the fruit in different ways: you can eat the pulp, juice press, prepare drinks, sorbets, pastries, etc... It is credited with many virtues, but the most interesting is the effect it produces on cysts and tumors. This plant is a proven remedy against cancers of all types. Some say it is very useful in all variants of cancer. It is considered also as an anti microbial spectrum against bacterial infections and fungi, effective against internal parasites and worms, it regulates blood pressure which is too high and an antidepressant, combats stress and nervous disorders. The source of this information is fascinating: it comes from one of the largest drug manufacturers in the world, says that after more than 20 laboratory tests since 1970, the extracts revealed that: It destroys the malignant cells in 12 cancers, including colon, breast, prostate, lung and pancreas...The compounds of this tree showed 10,000 times better than the product Adriamycin, a drug normally used chemotherapeutic in the world, slowing the growth of cancer cells. And what is even more astonishing: this type of therapy with lemon extract only destroys malignant cancer cells and it does not affect healthy cells.
So, a tablespoon of "real lemon" (the concentrate in a bottle) in a glass of water every morning. What can it hurt?
FYI, It doesn't hurt to try it unless you can't drink lemon juice.
Who knows? It could be something this simple.


A police officer and a woman were injured in a motor vehicle accident, which officials report involved a motorist making an unsafe left turn. According to a news report in The Associated Press, the motorcycle accident occurred at Owens Avenue and Main Street in North Las Vegas. Officials say a female driver in a sedan failed to yield the right of way while turning left and struck the police officer's motorcycle. He was ejected from his vehicle and sustained moderate injuries. The female driver sustained minor injuries. It is not clear if the woman will be cited.
Drivers who fail to yield the right of way to other vehicles at street intersections can be held liable for the damages they cause. Injured victims of negligent drivers would be well advised to contact an experienced personal injury lawyer who can help them pursue compensation for medical bills, hospitalization, cost of rehabilitation services, lost wages, and other losses.
Each skilled Las Vegas injury lawyer at Shook & Stone has a long history of handling personal injury claims in Las Vegas. If you or a loved one has been injured in a Las Vegas car accident, please call our offices at (888) 662-2013 to discuss your legal rights and options.


A man from Rothwell has appeared in court facing four charges relating to almost 10,000 images of child abuse.
John Boorman, 45, of Well Lane, faced magistrates in Wellingborough yesterday (Wednesday).
Boorman pleaded not guilty to making 1,225 category A images.
He entered no plea to charges of making 2,017 category B images and 6,274 category C images, and a further charge of being in possession of 16 prohibited images of children.
Category A is the most severe grading.
Boorman was granted bail by chairman of the bench Mrs McLean on the condition he has no contact with children under the age of 16 unless unavoidable or under supervision of a parent or guardian.
He will next appear at Northampton Crown Court on August 23.


text:
Q: How to change the order of Nivo Slider controlNav dots? Is it possible to change the order of Nivo Slider controlNav dots?
DOM generated elements are like this:

    1
    2
    3

thanks

A: I changed the jquery.nivo.slider.js file like below:
changes are commented!
    if(settings.directionNav){
        slider.append('
'+ settings.prevText +''+ settings.nextText +'
');

        $('a.nivo-prevNav', slider).live('click', function(){
            if(vars.running) { return false; }
            clearInterval(timer);
            timer = '';
            vars.currentSlide += 2; //changed from -=2
            nivoRun(slider, kids, settings, 'prev');
        });

        $('a.nivo-nextNav', slider).live('click', function(){
            if(vars.running) { return false; }
            clearInterval(timer);
            timer = '';
            nivoRun(slider, kids, settings, 'next');
        });
    }

and this parts:
vars.currentSlide--; //instead of ++
startSlide: 4, // change from 0 to [number of slides-1]


text:
Published on October 21st, 2011 | by Zachary Shahan
Utility CEOs Talk Solar
October 21st, 2011 by Zachary Shahan
A really interesting part of this year's Solar Power International conference was a roundtable of 7 utility company CEOs (starts about 18 and a half minutes into the video). I watched most of the discussion 3 times (while doing other things, of course). These are not just solar industry cheerleaders, but they know our electricity system about as well as anybody and are leaders in their arena. So, it was really interesting to watch them speak for over an hour on solar power.
The executives included:
Doyle Beneby (President & CEO of CPS Energy)
Randy Mehrberg (President & CEO of PSEG Energy Holdings & Executive Vice President of Strategy & Development at PSEG Services Corp)
Armando Olivera (President & CEO of Florida Power & Light)
Robert Powers (President of AEP Utilities)
James Rogers (Chairman, President, & CEO of Duke Energy)
Larry Weis (General Manager of Austin Energy)
These are some points (good and bad) that stood out to me:
Most of these guys seem to think a price on CO2 is inevitable, but it's not here in the U.S. yet (despite basically every other major industrialized country in the world moving forward with such policies). And, even some of these solar "leaders" in the utility arena don't seem to be taking a price on CO2 into account in their long-term modelling and planning (though, no one said so specifically). Some were clearly doing so, however. Overall, it seemed to me that this was perhaps the most critical piece needed to make solar power more cost-competitive.
Clear federal or state policies are critical for utility companies to get behind solar (renewable energy standards, cap-and-trade, a tax on CO2, tax credits, and/or good net metering policies, for example). With renewable energy versus traditional energy being the subject of political cat fighting (i.e. in various states, in Congress, and in presidential debates), these policies are, unfortunately, being held up most places. (I think even deeper than that, though, money's power over U.S. politics is what's holding up the progress — traditional, rich companies can, essentially, buy many politicians' votes on this matter, and they do.)
Deployment will bring the cost of solar down. Utility companies can help bring the cost down (their need and request) simply by deploying more solar.
Everyone is hopeful/expectant that the costs of solar will continue to fall, that efficiency of solar panels will continue to improve.
The CEO of Duke Energy, James Rogers, made the point that electricity is going to get more expensive, because old power plants are going to retire in the coming years and the grid needs to and is going to get upgraded. So, no matter what, the price of electricity is going to go up, and citizens need to be aware of that. Whether it's solar power or any other source of power, the cost of electricity is going to go up after 40 years of relatively flat prices.
Several of the CEOs talked about solar being expensive (while the social and environmental costs are still not taken into account) and routinely mentioned it being 14 to 20 cents per kilowatt-hour. But, two of the CEOs (starting with Doyle Beneby) then made the point that long-term power purchase agreements with fixed costs can already be quite competitive, since the price is going to go up anyway (due to the issues mentioned in point #5 and an inevitable price on CO2) and that a fixed price for solar today could be better than it looks to those who don't take these factors into account. (Additionally, as Greentech Media pointed out back in July, we are starting to see 20-year solar power purchase agreements (PPAs) that put the price of solar at about 10 cents per kilowatt-hour in some areas).
Individuals support solar and are willing to pay more on their electricity bill for solar energy rather than dirty energy. Tapping that willingness is important (though, it is a somewhat unacknowledged factor).
The cost of water in some areas (i.e. in the increasingly drought-stricken the South and West) is also something that should be taken into account when in engaging in long-term power planning (and calculating costs). Solar PV (and wind) are clear leaders when it comes to water use.
Home area networks (HANs) can make solar less intermittent and quasi-baseload. Demand-side technologies available today can already solve a lot of the intermittency or reliability "issues" of solar.
Consumers, at this point, need to be willing to pay a little more for clean electricity (instead of healthcare needed to address — adequately or inadequately — the health effects of environmental destruction and dirty energy, I would add), and more mass-marketing of solar and wind needs to occur.
Again, Duke Energy's CEO pointed out that utilities can "roll solar in" and let it increase the price of electricity as a whole a little bit, but, in doing so, put a hedge in against the likely cost of dirty energy in the future when we price it better — this is a smart thing for utilities to do. And doing so is critical to help scale solar and decrease its costs.
Utilities need to not cause mischief on interconnection issues — need to be clear and fair about interconnection policies.
Utilities can and should help push for better federal and state policies on energy and climate change legislation.
While one CEO, Larry Weis, brought up the issue of the "need" for backup resources for solar (baseload power), three others responded that we already have the demand-side technologies needed to address that and it's actually not an issue for the amount of solar we can put on the grid today (even if we go full steam ahead). And, in the long term, as the grid develops and more EVs are rolled out, it seems like even less of an issue.
Furthermore, solar power helps to protect against potential cyber attacks or strong storms and actually could improve reliability. Even the U.S. Department of Defense and former head of the CIA backs this statement up.
At the end of the discussion, the moderator gave them all an opportunity to say the one thing they would like to have that would help them put more solar up. Answers were:
Better knowing what their electricity consumers wanted. (With current demand-side technologies, power companies could then help them to reach their targets and include renewable energy into the mix more at the same time.)
Solar being cost-competitive with traditional sources.
A price on carbon.
A national energy policy. A target to shoot at.
A national energy policy.
Image Credit: Solar Power International 2011
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bnr#14 => Coal Fired Computers, Hans Meijer, Steam Engine, Out of the Ground, STUK, Artefact, Leuven, Belgium
No More Oil on Canvey Soil
In 1973 there were protests from Canvey Island residents when the then Secretary of State for Environment, Geoffrey Rippon, gave the all clear for a second oil refinery to be built on the Island by Occidental Petroleum; the fact that Rippon, to go ahead with this, over-ruled his inspector's decision only riled up the islanders more so.
At one of the protests, according to the Evening Echo (Monday 7 May 1973), 5,000 protestors took part in a "funeral" procession where they planted crosses and left coffins on the proposed oil refinery site. Among the placards read: "JACK the RIPPON, the ENVIRONMENT BUTCHER" and "R.I.P. - P.O.N."
Saturday 19 May, the Oil Armada Heads to London
On Saturday 19 May 1973 700 Canvey Islanders travelled up the Thames to put forward their case by handing a protest letter to the prime minister at 10 Downing Street. Geoffrey Rippon also agreed to speak with a deputation from the protest groups, this was after Canvey Council gave the protestors an outright no to proposed talks three weeks prior. You can see the Canvey residents on the Thames in the image below on the right. There was a full report and more pictures on page three of this edition of the Echo, however page three was missing from the microfilm!
George Whatley
George Whatley was a bank worker in the City who became publicity officer for the Canvey Oil Refinery Resistance Group. To resist the plans for the oil refinery George, along with other members of the group, collected signatures, blockaded road tankers off the island's oil terminal, marched and planted crosses at the proposed site and through Canvey and journeyed up the Thames in a protest armada. I wonder where George is now and whether he is still on Canvey...
Kerry's young army goes on protest march
Evening Echo, Wednesday 9 May 1973
'Kerry Thomas is a quiet, reserved 11-year-old and it takes a lot to get her angry.
But when it comes to protecting the soil she walks on and the air she breathes, she is prepared to stand up and speak.
And on Saturday, the young Canvey schoolgirl from St. Agnes Drive will show just how upset she is over the oil war raging on her island when she leads her own children's protest march.'
March of the Angry Mums
Evening Echo, Tuesday 8 May 1973
Below is a newspaper cut out about when the women of Canvey Island protested in London about the oil refinery. The caption of the image reads: 'March of the mums . . . 200 angry Canvey housewives on their way to the Department of the Environment in London yesterday. The big banner reads: Jack the Rippon, Environment Butcher.'
The Lightship on the Nore and the Mutiny of 1797
'Out at the sea, far off to the east, lies an area of water know to the sailors as The Nore, from the Old Norse word "nor" which was used to describe sea inlet. Ever since London established itself as an important trading port in the early 18th century, The Nore has been a vital and busy shipping lane.
With an increasing volume of traffic on the River Thames a large number of ships were wrecked on the treacherous shoals and sand-banks which are scattered around the Nore. Because sand-banks tend to shift position from year to year , sailors soon learned that they could not rely on old navigation charts. A gentleman named David Avery struck upon the idea of marking the entrance to the River Thames with a bright lantern, which could be installed on a ship permanently anchored out in The Nore. Avery managed to obtain finances from Robert Hamblin, a seaman from Lynn, and the Nore Lightship was finally built in 1732. This was the first lightship to be established on English waters, and it proved immensely successful.It was described by one author as the "beacon of hope that soothes his sorrows past and marks the home that welcomes him at last."
This os only the start of the story however. Trinity House became anxious that too many lighthouses and ships were falling into private hands, and so they arranged a 61-year lease on the Nore Lightship. The scheme allowed David Avery to collect the bills for the lightship, provided that he paid an annual sum of £100 to Trinity House. This gave Avery the financial security that he wanted, and when the lease ran out in 1794, Trinity House obtained complete control of the lightship.
The Nore Lightship was replaced in 1796, but trouble was new brewing. The country was in economic chaos after four years of Napoleonic was. All foreign allies had either surrendered or defected under the might of advancing French armies, and even Ireland was on the point of rebellion. At home, there was a run on the Bank of England, and William Pitt the Younger was struggling hard as Prime Minister in the face of growing discontent over food shortages. The only obstacle to a full-scale invasion from France was the British navy, and even they were clamouring for better working conditions. The ships in which they served were cold and cramped, and they had no medical facilities to deal with the frequent outbreaks of disease. Wages had not been increased for over 150 years, and were rarely paid anyway.
In February 1797, a group of sailors serving at Spithead near Portsmouth approached a retired admiral called Lord Richard Howe. The seamen held him in high regard, and asked him to press their case in Parliament. When March has passed without reply, the Spithead sailors decided to take more explicit action. They directly petitioned the House of Commons and began a campaign of disobedience. Although they were offered more pay, they decided to hold out for better working conditions. At first the Admiralty agreed, bu the sailors discovered that secret plans had been drawn up to deal harshly with any mutineers. The Admiralty completely lost control as the sailors took over their ships and went on strike, leaving the south coast of England vulnerable to Napoleon's navy,
The government acted immediately. On the 8th May, an Act of Parliament was raised to satisfy the sailors' demands, passing through both Houses and getting Royal Assent all within 24 hours. Since the Spithead rebellion had now achieved all its aims, the navy there quickly returned to normal. Because of poor communications, however, this news took too long to reach the sailors who were stationed in the Thames Estuary. On the 11th May, the Nore sailors mutinied in sympathy with their Spithead colleagues, and seized control of the flagship "Sandwich", unaware that the government had already given in to their demands. This left the Nore seamen in a very difficult position, because they now required Royal Pardons for their mutiny. The authorities were growing impatient with mutineers however, and decided not to concede to the new rebellion.
Many of the Nore sailors deserted, and the uprising became extremely disorganised. Having achieved no progress by the 28th May, the rebels decided to gamble by blockading the River Thames. In retrospect, this was probably a bad decision, because local traders were scared of the effect this would have on their business. The mutineers began to lose their popular support, and this was probably the turning-point of the whole revolt.
The government passed another Act of Parliament to make mutiny a capital offence, and Trinity House deliberately sank all buoys and beacons around the Thames estuary. This meant that the rebels were now unable to escape. On 12th June, with dwindling supplies, they realised that their position was hopeless and decided to surrender. The Nore mutiny had been quashed. The ringleader, Richard Parker, was hanged from the yard-arm of his ship, and with the Admiralty back in control, the navy began its long struggle against the French forces which led ultimately to Napoleon's downfall. Britain had been saved from the brink of defeat, though it is worth reflecting that is the unnecessary mutiny at The Nore had continued a little longer, the history of Europe could have taken a completely different course.
In 1839, the Nore lightship was again replaced. The new ship, known as "No. 14", or "Old Stormy", faithfully serves sailors in the Thames for a century. At the outbreak of the Second World War, it was withdrawn in order to hinder any possible invasion. In 1944, the lightship was towed out to sea near Dover as part of a secret mission, but it was sunk by enemy action. The lightship was never replaced. After the war, a simple beacon was placed at The Nore, and to this day this marks the haunt of Old Stormy.'
M.P.B. Fautley, J.H. Garon (2004) Essex Coastline: Then and Now, : Potton Publishing. pp. 208-209
Monday 27 July 2015
Richard Parker, President
Below is a photo of the death mask of Richard Parker (1767 - 1797) who was President of the Delegates at the Nore. The photo is from the Portrait Collection in the Natural History Museum Archives. The actual death mask was casted by John Hunter, founder of the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons and I believe it still resides at the Hunterian Museum, of which I am trying to confirm. Written on the back of the image is "Death mask of Parker of the Nore".
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/community/library/blog/2013/03/27/item-o... (last accessed 27/07/2015)
Smuggling in Old Leigh
The earliest reference known of smuggling in Old Leigh is in 1225 when grain was being smuggled out of the area, where it was probably set to be sold abroad without a license. In 1344 there was a series of arrests by an official named Saier Lorimer, the men stole wine and other goods from a vessel which was half derelict near Leigh and which they probably thought was a wreck. In 1394 a John Lemourner and John Greipin of Amiens lost their ship to a privateer off Hadleigh, only three of the crew survived, the rest were killed, and the vessel was wrecked on Thanet. A further 5 dutch sailors and a boy had their throats cut between Leigh and Sheppey by pirates when they boarded a little ship from Haarlem called The Bus, and they only managed to get £100 and a cargo of cloth and tin.
H.N. Bride (2013) Old Leigh, Leigh Society : Southend Museums Southend-on-Sea Borough Council. p. 3
At Leigh Heritage Centre
Lawrence/Low(?) Ford (low said like how) owned 'the Moss Shop' where the white weed was sold. White weed also was sold on Southend Pier.
Billet Lane was apparently haunted and the fisherman never used to go up there during dark nights.
The Conduit got fresh water from the spring at the top of the hill and was brought down to various cisterns that could hold around 4000 gallons.
The gate was opened in order for the community to get water once or twice a day, where women used to queue up with buckets. There used to be quite a large woman who used to push her way to the front. This was c.1750-1800.
The only thing they saved from the Peter Boat fire in 1892 was a plum pudding. The landlord and his nephew knocked through the wall next door to the Peter Boat to save the landlord's wife and children as they were upstairs and couldn't get down. The fire started because the landlord and his nephew were drinking after hours and knocked over an oil lamp. The vast majority of houses were wooden so they were easy to catch alight.
When they laid the train tracks in the 1800's a lot, if not all, of the Crooked Billet's out houses went.
Opposite where Leigh Heritage Centre is now used to be Cook's Place 'Ye Cosy Cafe'
Apparently white weed is popular in Japan for the lining of coffins.
Ships that were built in Leigh went to the Spanish Armada and the Dutch Wars.
There used to be a pottery by the Grand Hotel that began producing before 1845. There were potters listed living in Leigh from 1851.
The letters of Julianna Stuart-King that date back to 1874, of which Stuart mentions (Found Speakers), were to her son Robert Stuart and always began 'My dearest old Bob'...
A couple of the letters speak of a dog called Ben. Julianna put Ben on a train that only took him to Fenchurch Street. She put a label around his neck with directions as to where he should go, which was to Robert in Grimsby via King's Cross. She writes how Robert 'never made any remark on the beautiful label'. As well as directions it asked that the dog was given water and said 'I bark pound but never bite'.
The Houseboats of Leigh-on-Sea
It is unclear when the houseboats first appeared on the estuary at on the creek at Leigh. But in 1921 the Council were told that the inhabitants of the houseboats were drawing their drinking water form a tap that was installed on Bell Wharf solely for the fisherman. Other than this exception the houseboat residents were self sufficient, with lamps fuelled by kerosene or paraffin, the cooking was done on coal fired Kitchener ranges - which could also act as heating with the front panels removed - or with paraffin cookers. Rain water would be collected but was not sufficient for all their needs. They paid the fisherman 10/- a quarter for the water but because it was only meant to be for the fisherman the Council put a notice discouraging unauthorised use of the water. But this did not deter anyone so the Council went further and employed someone to stand all day by the tap, when the Council member of staff went home at midnight the people living on the boats came out to fill up their containers (pp. 6-7)
The houseboats continued to increase throughout the 1920s and 1930s and eventually there would be around 200. However not all the houseboats were lived on all year round and were used as holiday homes for Londoners. This group was known as weekenders.
'A report by the Medical Officer for Health at the end of 1922, showed that the number of houseboats moored in the creek had increased in twelve months from 18 to 36. He expressed in correspondence between himself and the Medical Officer of the Port Sanitary Authority in London, concerns arising from the use of these boats.
For the next two years the houseboats continued to grow in numbers and a community and way of life began to form. The children went to the local school, the milkman delivered twice a day and the postman called at 8am, 11am and 4pm. Apart from personal mail the only demand for money to be received came from Southend Council who charged rates for resting their walkway on the foreshore.' (p. 7)
The Salvation Army owned some land at Hadleigh which was purchased in 1890 at £12,000. This land stretched all the way over the downs and onto the creek. This meant that when the tide was out and the houseboats rested on the mud, the Salvation Army were the landlords on that particular part of the creek. In 1925 Southend Council wrote to the Salvation Army with the following suggestions:
• the houseboats should be charged 2 guineas for each boat's mooring
• that the Salvation Army should have the right to terminate any agreement they had with the houseboat owners
• the council asked the Salvation Army not to issue anymore licenses for the mooring of craft on the creek
• they also suggested the Salvation Army serve notice on the present moored houseboats in the creek
This issue rolled on for a number of years and the Salvation Army never charged the houseboat owners any rent.
In 1929 the Council tried a different approach and offered to buy the land that the Salvation Army owned so that they had control of the houseboats. However the Salvation Army want the Council to buy to the West of the boundaries as well as up to a point known as Pinnett Dock along with the area in contention. The same year the Council were able to gain more powers o deal with the removal of the boats but they still remained, steadily increasing.
In July 1936 the Council pushed ahead and ended up buy the land in question for £33,500 from the Salvation Army to ensure "that the land is not used for purposes detrimental to the borough". And following completion of the transition the committee recommended "that the Town Clerk be authorised to take all necessary steps with a view to effecting the removal of all houseboats".
It was thought that many of the weekenders who owned houseboats perished during the blitz in London.
'Although there had been a natural steady decline in the number of boats and families living by Leigh Creek - some had already moved their houseboats up river to Canvey Island or Benfleet Creek, there were still a substantial number of houseboats moored along the towpath.'
At the beginning of 1948 the Council managed to move or had the owners take away 55 houseboats, later in 1948 there were 96 more that were removed. This left around 27 houseboats, 12 were own by Leslie Warland.
One of the more popular houseboats was the St Kilda (originally owned by Mr and Mrs Palmer). St Kilda sold sweets to the children from other houseboats and tea and coffee to visitors to Old Leigh as well as to the troops based in the area during the war. In March 1948 the St Kilda was the subject of a Sheriff's Warrant and was dismantled at the cost of £190 - paid for by the council in 1950.
Rosa John was dismantled at a cost of £145 - less £7 for the value of materials recovered.
Ermuden was dismantled at £98 - less £4 18s 0d value of materials covered.
It appears that it was 1950 that saw the final chapter of the houseboats, their history and for those that lived in them on Leigh Creek from 1921.
In 1948 the Southend Corporation had obtained enough legal powers to remove the boats from the seawall at Leigh-on-Sea. Better quality houseboats were towed upriver to Canvey or Benfleet where their owners continued to live on their houseboats. However some were simply just left to rot away. (p. 57)
Here is a list of names uncovered by Carol Edwards out of the approximate 200 houseboats moored at Leigh-on-Sea between 1920-1950. Perhaps the others will remain unknown...
• Adventurer
• Ark
• Baden Powell
• Banshee
• Ben Bow
• Braemar
• Cleopatra
• Comet
• Daisy
• Daunley
• Edith
• Eileen
• Endeavour
• Ermuden
• Estol
• Ganges
• Glen Rosa
• I Can Do It
• Ilka
• Iron Duke
• Jeanette
• Lady Quirk
• Maria
• Minorette
• Mistletoe
• Oakdale
• Penguin
• Phyllis
• Rosa John
• Sarado
• Sea Gull
• Shamrock
• Sidney
• Silver Town
• St Kilda
• Taj Mahal
• The Optimus
• Wait on 2
• West Kent
• WinVic
Carol Edwards (2009) The Life and Times of the Houseboats of Leigh-on-Sea, Publisher Carol Edwards. pp. 1-10 & pp. 57-64
A list of H.M. Ships and Vessels concerned in the Mutiny at the Nore, 1797, with the numbers Court Martialled. Compiled from three lists bound up with the Rough Minutes of the Board of Admiralty, June 1797.
Below is a list of the H.M. Ships and Vessels concerned in the Mutiney at the Nore, 1797. The list included the number of those Court Martialled as well as how many that were sentenced to death, those who were actually executed, flogged, imprisoned and pardoned.
'The floggings ranged from 40 to 380 lashes, the latter being inflicted on a seaman of the Monmouth; the imprisonment from one to eight years . . . Thomas McCann, of the Sandwich, one of those sentenced to death, had his sentence commuted to transportation for life.'
C.E Manwaring (2004) The Floating Republic, S. Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. p.277
Oysters at Leigh
The trade in oysters grew rapidly in the 17th century and much of the foreshore between Leigh-on-Sea and Thorpe Bay were taken up by oyster-beds. An incident in 1724 demonstrated the importance of the industry during that time when a crowd of about 500 fisherman from Queenborough in north Kent raided the oysters at Leigh. They seized as many oysters as they could carry and then took them up to London to sell them. The fisherman at Leigh not only had their stocks raided and depleted but they were also devastated by the resultant drop in prices because of the sudden glut of oysters on the market. Eventually the invaders were taken to court and ordered to pay around £700 in damages.
M.P.B. Fautley, J.H. Garon (2004) Essex Coastline: Then and Now, : Potton Publishing. p. 215
Mines on the Estuary
'The map below shows a few of the ships sunk from just one cause - mines - and in just one area: the Thames Estuary. A small but chilling reminder of the wartime toll of seamen in the seas around Britain and Ireland. In an area less than 100 by 40 miles, sea mines accounted for more than 200 ship losses. In the seas around Britain and Ireland as a whole, ship losses from mines totalled nearly 1,100 - from more than 20 countries - and with the loss of more than 5,000 lives.'
Each coloured square shows you how many vessels out of the 1073 across Britain were sunk in that specific area.
http://www.shipwrecks.uk.com/news.htm (last accessed 04/08/2015)
The Loss of the Princess Alice
On the evening of 3 September 1878, the Princess Alice was returning up river from Sheerness with about 700 passengers. Many of the passengers were listening to the band as the steamer approached Woolwich unaware of the impending danger as the steam collier Bywell Castle approached them en route to Newcastle to take on coal for Alexandria.
To Captain Harrison on the bridge of the Bywell Castle, the Princess Alice appeared to be coming across his bow, making for the north side of the river. He altered course accordingly, intending to pass safely astern of her. But the passenger steamer suddenly changed course directly into the path of the oncoming collier. The captain of the Princess Alice, realizing that a collision was imminent, attempted to change course but it was too late and the bows of the collier struck the steamer just forward of the starboard paddlebox almost cutting her in two. The Princess Alice sank in less than four minutes and over 640 people were drowned making it the worst river disaster on record in Great Britain.
The subsequent Board of Trade inquiry concluded that Captain Grinstead of the Princess Alice (who was among those drowned) was to blame as he had run directly across the path of the Bywell Castle contrary to the 'Rule of the Road'.'
http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/facts/faqs/ships-and-vessels/... (last accessed: 04/08/2015)
Thames estuary dredging takes toll on fish stocks
'Britain's biggest port, which opened this week in the Thames estuary, has the potential to revolutionise the way goods are brought in to the UK and transported around the country.
But while the £1.5bn London Gateway project has been lauded by ministers and civic leaders for its impact on industry and employment, some members of Kent and Essex's fishing community are worried.
Their concern stems from the deep water channel that DP World, the port's owner, dredged 100km out into the North Sea to allow the world's biggest ships to dock at its quayside.
By stirring up silt, some fishermen fear it has choked the sensitive estuary habitat. Paul Gilson, a Southend fisherman and member of the executive committee of the National Federation of Fishermen's Organisations, said fish and shellfish stocks had fallen from healthy levels six years ago, particularly the Dover sole that are concentrated in the estuary.
"People are not going to sea so often because they're not catching anything. Six years ago we had increasing stocks of all types. Now we're down to just sea bass and a few skate, which don't appear to be affected by the dredge."
Mr Gilson, whose family have fished for 200 years, said his £400,000 turnover had fallen to £30,000 over the period. "None of us expected the size of the problem." Now he worries that dredging may need to take place regularly to prevent the channel filling in.
The port, which has closely monitored ecological conditions in the estuary, has set up a compensation scheme for fishermen suffering dwindling catches. But a port spokesman said fears about continued dredging were misplaced, since the fast-flowing Thames was "self-scouring".
Evidence from Princes Channel in the southern estuary, which was dredged in 2008 by the Port of London Authority, appears to back this claim. Richard Everitt, PLA chief executive, said the channel had required no further dredging and "studies suggested it will self-sustain."
Mr Gilson, meanwhile, is considering moving to the southwest, "because that's where there's plenty of fish."'
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1c5f2ae4-489d-11e3-8237-00144feabdc0.html#axzz... (last accessed: 04/08/2015)
The Bovril Boats, from London to Barrow Deep
• Bexley
• Hounslow
• Newham
• Thames
The above were four motor boats, better known as 'Bovril boats' because of the colour and consistency of their cargo. Each vessel could carry 2300 tonnes of sewage sludge from East London's sewage works and out to the Thames Estuary to areas such as Barrow Deep. Dependant on the weather this would happen on a daily basis and continued from 1887 to 1998. The combined amount dumped by these vessels was 7.5 millions tonnes per year.
This is Bexley:
Milne, R, (1987) 'Pollution and politics in the North Sea', New Scientist, 116(1587), pp.53-58
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12817453-700-technology-sludge-di... (last accessed 04/08/2015)
http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=146344 (last accessed 04/08/2015)
Layers of Coal on the Estuary Bed
'The main sources of coal were of course Yorkshire, Co. Durham and Northumberland, the 'black gold' being loaded in the Rivers Tyne or Tees and shipped south to feed insatiable southern industries, millions of domestic grates and hearths in London and the home counties, and later, boilers of steam ships, particularly those of the Royal Navy based as Sheerness, Chatham and Portsmouth. The sheer number of colliers lost is only now emerging with any degree of accuracy . . . and it is no exaggeration to say that the east coast of England is littered with millions of tons of coal that never reached its destination.'
What follows below is a list of shipwrecks on the northern coast of the Thames Estuary, from Foulness Point to Leigh-on-Sea. The list includes their names, destinations, coordinates and dates. All of these vessels were carrying coal:
FREE LOVE, Foulness Point, The Swim. 51.37.10N 01.06.30E, 06/01/1764
GENEROUS FRIEND, Shoebury Ness, near. 51.32N 00.49E, 31/01/1764
FRIENDS GOODWILL, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands. 51.35N 00.55E, 16/11/1812
PLOUGH, Foulness Pont, Buxey Sand. 51.42N 01.05E, 08/02/1827
HARTON, Foulness Point, Sunk Sand. 51.39N 01.20E, 19/09/1827
CALYPSO, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands. 51.35N 01.21E, 01/10/1827
CARLEN, Foulness Point, Whitaker Sand. 51.40N01.08E, 02/02/1830
FRIENDSHIP, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands. 51.35N 00.55E, 16/06/1833
JUNO, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands, Blacktail Spit. 51.31.30N 00.56.25E, 09/12/1853
JANE JACKSON, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands, Blacktail Spit. 51.31.30N 00.56.25E, 10/12/1853
ZEPHYR, Foulness Island, Middle Sand. 51.40N 01.10E, 14/01/1861
GIPSEY, Foulness Point, Barrow Sand	51.38N 01.10E, 20/12/1862
CONFIDENCE, Foulness Point, Maplin Buoy, near. 51.35N 00.55E, 20/08/1876
PORCIA, Shoebury Ness, Maplin Sands. 51.35N 00.55E, 18/01/1881
EMMA & MARY, Foulness Point, Barrow Sand. 51.38N 01.10E, 14/10/1881
THOMAS LEA, Southend-on-Sea, Pier, near. 51.32N 00.42E, 26/10/1882
HONEST MILLER, Southend-on-Sea, Leigh Spit.	51.31.45N 00.40E, 30/09/1885
VICTORIA, Foulness Island, Foulness Sand. 51.39N 01.05E, 06/01/1886
MARY & EMILY, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands, E Maplin buoy, 0.5M NE. 51.34.30N 01.03E, 22/02/1891
LOUISA, Foulness Point, Maplin Sands. 51.35N 00.55E, 24/11/1895
NOTOU, Southend-on-Sea, E Knob Buoy, 9 cables E. 51.32.10N 01.08.31E, 25/04/1940; ex-(MARGAM ABBEY). Her bow was blown clean off when she struck a mine, whilst carrying 3,750 tons of cargo (coal, unspecified). The vessel was completely submerged after sinking.
Richard & Bridget Larn, (1997) Shipwreck Index of the British Isles: Index to Volumes 1-3 (v. 3). Edition. Tor Mark Press.
Notes from conversation with writer and photographer Robert Hallmann, 7 August 2015
On Canvey Island an entrepreneur, Frederick Hester, bought plots and sold them for £5, £10 and £15. People from London were encouraged to come down with their train tickets paid for them and meals provided. This happened around the turn of last century. Grain was being brought in from U.S. and farmers were becoming bankrupt. In 1904 Hester became bankrupt.
The same kind of thing happened with the plots at Pitsea and Laindon.
The Red Cow pub has been pulled down on Canvey (date?)
Before the road was built across from Benfleet to Canvey you used to have to walk over the stepping stones at high tide or row over during high tide.
A well used to be at the hub of Canvey life, from Holehaven Road
Canvey used to be called 5 Islands of Cana's People. (Saxon origin?)
At Canvey Point lots of Roman and Medieval artefacts were found. Amphoras were found that used to carry wine, which would have been imported from Italy. This shows that Canvey must have been a prosperous place.
During Roman times Canvey would have been 15ft higher and would not have been an island.
On Canvey hay used to be brought from the horses onto the barges. Hay was the main industry, bringing it up to London on the barges before people came with the plots.
Canvey used to belong to 9 different parishes including Pitsea, Vange and Prittlewell.
The Lobster Smack on Canvey was mentioned in Dickens' Great Expectations.
The Revenue and Customs used to stand on a watch tower by the Lobster Smack with binoculars to catch smugglers.
Water has claimed back land near Canvey Point, from photos you can see it used to be farmed fields.
When the Dutch settled on Canvey they built a sea wall and their own church. The English wanted to use the church but they had to have a fist fight in order to use it. The English built their own. (Around early 17th century?)
Foulness
The Broomway at Foulness would have been over land before the Romans. It is parallel to the road and suggests the land has been taken by the sea.
On the Broomway brooms were tied to the top of the sticks along the route in order to see them when the tide was in.
The Broomway goes from Great Wakering to Foulness but used to go from Shoebury to Foulness. There were 7 routes on farmers' land going off the Broomway and farmers used to take a toll to use their roads.
Three young men were shooting birds on the Broomway and walked into the fog during the Cold War period. They were never seen alive again. Lots of rumours were spread such as that they were abducted by the Russians and that a man was seen with a long overcoat. A Russian Ship was apparently also on the Thames at the same time.
There has been talk about brooms being replaced on the Broomway.
In 1922 there was 479 people living on Foulness.
The church is closed on Foulness.
Cutlass Stone at Clements Church, Leigh
There is a brick built grave next to the entrance of St. Clements Church in Leigh, on top of Leigh Hill. The tomb is of Mary Ellis, who died at the age of 119. On top of it is a big slab with grooves. This is where the press gangs used to sharpen cutlasses, knives and so on. It is known as the Cutlass Stone.
There is said to be a tunnel from the church to the rectors house at the bottom of Leigh Hill where the young men would be smuggled in order to avoid being pressed. If you accepted the King's shilling this meant you accepted being in the Navy, this could have been put in a drink that would have been bought for you, if you accepted it you accepted the King's shilling and were pressed into the Navy. This is why glass bottoms were made in the bottom of drinking vessels so one could check the bottom before accepting.
Things that were smuggled:
• Gin
• Brandy
• Fine cloths
Became a way of life for some. On paper it would say they were fisherman or oyster catchers.
Two Tree Island, the Dump
Below is a photograph by Robert Hallmann of Two Tree Island when it was a landfill site. The date of the image is not clear however it may have been during the Winter of Discontent, 1978-1979. You can see Hadleigh Castle in the background.
Photograph by Robert Hallmann.
Courtesy of Robert Hallmann, copyright and all rights reserved.
'Co-disposing' on Pitsea Tip, New Scientist 14 May 1981
'One problem of hindering the formulation of waste-disposal strategies is that surprisingly little is known about what happens inside tips. Perhaps the most worrying practice is that of "co-disposing" - dumping both toxic liquids and household wastes at the same disposal site. The liquids are simply poured onto piles of domestic rubbish and left to sink in. Britain's biggest tip, at Pitsea in Essex, has a licence to tip 160 million litres of toxic liquids in this way each year, across 240 hectares of domestics refuse. Opponents of this method claim that we could be producing huge and permanent chemical quagmires. How much toxic liquid can a giant sponge like Pitsea take before it becomes saturated?'
Pearce, F., & Caulfield, C., (1981) New Scientist, 90(1253), pp.408-410
Landfill sites
A map of authorised (brown) and historic (pink) landfill sites: to the right of Canvey Island is Two Tree Island, to the top left is Pitsea tip, still in operation; and the bottom left by Canvey is Mucking Flats.
http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?x=570500.0&y... (last accessed 13/08/2015)
Fish in the Estuary
Many of the species of fish in the estuary have returned since the 19th century when we so badly damaged the river pretty much all fishes disappeared. Populations now compared to pre 19th century are probably very low. Those that have been extirpated are sturgeon, sea lamprey and salmon.
- From an email exchange with Joe Pecorelli, UK & Europe Conservation Programme, Zoological Society of London, 06/08/2015
Layers of Coal on the Estuary Bed, Part 2
JAMES, Thames, The Swim. 51.37.10N 01.06.30E, 23/02/1770
REBEKAH, Thames, 'In the River'. 51.30N 00.28E, 18/01/1771
HAZARD, Thames, 'In the River'. 51.30N 00.28E, 27/01/1771
PRINCE FREDERICK, Thames, The Swim. 51.37.10N 01.06.30E, 26/03/1771
SUBMISSION, Thames, The Swim. 51.37.10N 01.06.30E, 26/03/1771
LOVELY CRUIZER, Thames, 'In the River'. 51.30N 00.28E, 20/10/1773
BETSEY, Thames, Sunk Sand. 51.39N 01.20E, 31/12/1779
HOLDERNESS, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 09/03/1798
ARGO, Thames, Nore Sand. 51.28.30N 00.46.30E, 12/12/1815
JEUNE EMILIE, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 28/09/1853
TINO, Thames, Long Sand, near. 51.40N 01.29E, 03/10/1853
HAREWOOD, Thames, Mouse Sand L/s, near. 51.32N 01.04E, 04/10/1853
NORFOLK, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 07/11/1854
ROBERT, Thames, Tongue Sand. 51.28.22N 01.16E, 01/12/1855
SECRET, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 11/09/1857
CHARITY, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 12/11/1860
ZEPHYR, Thames, Middle Sand. 51.40N 01.10E, 14/01/1861
DARIUS, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 02/11/1861
HENRY, Thames, Shivering Sands. 51.30N 01.05.30E, 20/12/1861
REGARD, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 15/11/1862
TELEGRAPH, Thames, Sunk Sand. 51.39N 01.20E, 20/11/1866
FANNY, Gravesend, 3M above. 51.27.30N 00.21E, 05/02/1867
GOSHAWK, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 13/09/1868
JESSAMINE, Thames, Mouse L/s, 2M W. 51.32.45N 01.03.25E, 21/09/1869
CARL AGRELL, Thames, Long Sand. 51.40N 01.29E, 23/12/1869
ALDOURIE, Thames, Long Sand, 2.5M above buoy. 50.50.15N 01.40E, 01/11/1872
HURON, Thames, Nore L/s, 1M WNW. 51.28.30N 00.46.30E, 18/08/1876
HANNAH COPPACK, Thames, Sunk Sand. 51.39N 01.20E, 21/08/1877
BEVERLEY, Thames, E. Barrow Sand. 51.38N 01.11E, 25/11/1877
The names of some of those that were executed for their part in the Mutiny at the Nore, 1797
• Dennis Sullivan
• Alexander Lawson
• William Welch
• Joseph Fearon
• William Ross
• George Shave
• Thomas Sterling
Hanged at the Nore on Monday 10 July 1797, four on board their own ship, the Leopard, and three on board the Lancaster.
The court initially sentenced nine to death but two, James Robertson and John Habbigan were recommended to the mercy of the king. They were respited and subsequently pardoned upon certain conditions.
The Sandwich
All twenty men of the Sandwich below were condemned to death after going on trial. The trial began 6 July 1797.
• William Gregory
• Charles M'Carthy
• John Whittle
• Thomas Appleyard
• Peter Holding
• George Taylor
• Joseph Hughes
• Thomas Brady
• George Gainer
• John Davis
• James Hockless, quarter master
• John Scott, gunner's mate
• Charles Chant, seaman
• William Thomas Jones, seaman
• Henry Wolfe, Boatswain's Mate
• James Luran, seaman
• James Johnes, seaman
• James Brown, seaman
• Thomas Brookes, sargeant of mariners
• William Porter, private marine
Although all men were sentenced to death only five were executed. On the 1 August 1797 William Gregory, James Hockless, Charles M'Carthy and Peter Holding were executed on the Sandwich at Blackstakes and Thomas Appleyard on board the Firm brig, in Gillingham Reach.
the Monmouth
• Richard Brown
• John Doughty, sailmaker
• William Firth, ship's corporal
• Matthew Williams, captain of the maintop
• William Vance, quarter master
• John Dun, sergeant of the marines
12 more mutineers of the Monmouth were also tried, of the whole 18, the six above mentioned were sentenced to death; but two were recommended to mercy: four were ordered to be severely flogged, two to be reprimanded and one was acquitted.
On 14 August 1797 Vance, Frith, Brown and Earles were executed on board the Monmouth. About nine o'clock the fatal gun was fired, and they were drawn up the yard-arm.
Trials went on, with the mutineers of the Inflexible and Standard. 13 altogether received the sentence of death. One of the condemned men behaved in the most excited manner during his trial; and when the awful sentence was pronounced he fell upon his knees and prayed God "that his blood might fall on the head of his persecutors, and the witnesses that had appeared against him; and that the cries of his wife and children might ever be ringing in their ears."
Neale, William Johnson, (1842), History of the Mutiny at Spithead and the Nore with an Enquiry into its Origins and Treatment and Suggestions for the Preventions of Future Discontent in the Royal Navy (1st ed.) London: Printed for Thomas Tegg, 73 Cheapside pp. 365-399
Families that lived on the houseboats of Leigh-on-Sea
Vaughan and Cecile Copeland, their daughter Yvonne and son Tony lived on the Taj Mahal in the 1930s.
Albert and Ellen Lawson, daughters Winifred and Edith, sons Albert and Alfred, lived on Comet. Albert and Ellen's other daughters Ellen and Elizabeth would visit at weekends and holidays. They lived on Comet along the seawall in Leigh-on-Sea from the late 1930s to 1950 when it moved to Pitsea Creek. The floods of 1953 caused it to sink and it was eventually lost to a fire some time after (date not provided).
Carol Edwards (2009) The Life and Times of the Houseboats of Leigh-on-Sea, Publisher Carol Edwards.
Tuesday 15 September
Prison Hulks out of Chatham and Sheerness
Here is a list of prison hulks out of Chatham and Sheerness. The list shows: name; year placed in service; estimated time in service; typical prisoner count; station:
Retribution, 1804, 30 years, 450, Woolwich, Sheerness
Zealand, 1810, 3 years, 470, Sheerness
Bellerophon, 1816, 9 years, 480, Sheerness
Ganymede, 1820, 19 years, 240, Chatham, Woolwich
Dolphin, 1824, 8 years, 650, Chatham
Euryalus, 1825, 18 years, 385, Chatham
Fortitude, 1831, 13 years, 475, Chatham
Charles Campbell (1994), The Intolerable Hulks, British Shipboard Confinement 1776-1857, Heritage Books Inc.


text:
Kenya Holds Key Rate At 10%
The Central Bank of Kenya held its benchmark bank rate steady at 10 percent at its May 29th 2017 meeting, in line with market expectations. Policymakers said inflation is expected to remain above the 2.5-7.5 percent target in the near term although food prices are likely to ease amid improved weather conditions.
Excerpts from the MPC Press Release:
The meeting was held against a backdrop of improved weather conditions, expectations of lower food prices, and general macroeconomic stability.
The inflation rate rose to 11.5 percent in April from 10.3 percent in March 2017, due to increases in food prices, notably sifted maize flour, sugar, kales (sukuma wiki) and tomatoes. Nevertheless, the recent rains and interventions by the Government are expected to provide some relief. Non-food-non-fuel (NFNF) inflation remained stable below 5 percent, suggesting that demand pressures and pass-through effects of high food prices are muted.
The foreign exchange market has remained stable, supported by a narrower current account deficit. Receipts from tea and horticulture are resilient despite lower export volumes due to adverse weather conditions in the first quarter of 2017. Additionally, receipts from tourism, coffee exports, and diaspora remittances have remained strong.
Although a modest pick-up in global growth is expected in 2017 there are considerable risks to the outlook. Uncertainties remain on the economic policies of the U.S. administration, the Brexit outcome, and normalization of monetary policy in the advanced economies. These risks also have potential implications on global financial market stability.
The Committee concluded that overall inflation is expected to remain above the Government target range in the near term due to elevated prices for some food items. Nevertheless, the prevailing policy stance had reduced the threat of demand driven inflation. The MPC therefore decided to retain the Central Bank Rate (CBR) at 10.0 percent. The Committee will continue to closely monitor developments in the domestic and global economies, and stands ready to take additional measures as necessary.
Central Bank of Kenya | Joana Taborda | joana.taborda@tradingeconomics.com
Kenya Holds Key Interest Rate Unchanged at 9%
The Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 9% at its May 27th 2019 meeting, as widely expected. Policymakers said that the decision is appropriate and based on the backdrop of domestic stability, optimistic growth prospects, improving weather conditions in most parts of the country and increased uncertainties in the global financial markets. The Committee added that inflation expectations remained well anchored within the target and that the economy was operating close to its potential, but will keep an eye on possible spillovers of recent food and fuel price increases.
Kenya Leaves Key Interest Rate Steady at 9%
The Central Bank of Kenya held its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 9 percent at its March 27th 2019 meeting reflecting domestic macroeconomic stability, sustained optimism on the economic growth prospects despite the delayed onset of the long rains in parts of the country, a gradual rise in international oil prices and the weakening of global growth. The MPC noted that inflation expectations remained well anchored within the target range, and that the economy was operating close to its potential.
Kenya Holds Key Interest Rate at 9%
The Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 9.0 percent at its January 28th 2019 meeting, as widely expected. Policymakers said that the decision is appropriate and based on the backdrop of domestic macroeconomic stability, economic growth prospects, lower international oil prices, and increased uncertainties and weaker global growth outlook. The Committee noted that inflation expectations remained well anchored within the target range and that the economy was operating close to its potential. The bank also said that they will continue to monitor global and domestic economic developments and if necessary will take additional measures.
Kenya Interest Rate Steady at 9%
The Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 9.0 percent at its November 27th 2018 meeting, as widely expected. Policymakers said that the decision is appropriate and based on the backdrop of macroeconomic stability, economic growth prospects and uncertainties in the global financial markets. Policymakers noted that inflation expectations remained well anchored within the target range and that the economy was operating close to its potential. The Committee also said that they continue to monitor global and domestic economic developments and if necessary take additional measures.
Kenya Leaves Interest Rate Unchanged at 9%
The Central Bank of Kenya held its benchmark interest rate steady at 9.0 percent at its September 25th 2018 meeting, as widely expected and after trimming it by 50 bps in the previous meeting. Policymakers noted inflation expectations remained well anchored within the target range, still they will continue to monitor closely the inflationary effects from the VAT on petroleum products.
Kenya Trims Interest Rate by 50 Bps to 9.0%
The Central Bank of Kenya lowered its benchmark interest rate by 50 bps to 9.0 percent at its June 30th 2018 meeting, surprising markets who expected no changes. It is the second cut so far this year, bringing borrowing cost to the lowest since 2015. The Committee noted that there was some room for further accommodative monetary policy as inflation expectations were well anchored within the target range and economic output was below its potential level.
Kenya Holds Interest Rate Steady at 9.5%
The Central Bank of Kenya kept its benchmark interest rate steady at 9.5 percent at its May 28th 2018, meeting, surprising markets who expected a 50 bps cut. The move follows a 50 bps slash in the previous meeting, as policymakers noted that the decision of cutting the interest rate in March still needs to be transmitted to the economy.
Kenya Cuts Interest Rate by 50 Bps to 9.5%
The Central Bank of Kenya lowered its benchmark interest rate by 50 bps to 9.5 percent at its March 19th 2018 meeting, surprising markets who expected no change. It was the first rate cut since September of 2016. The Committee said there was scope for easing monetary policy as inflation expectations were well anchored within the Government target range and economic output was below potential.
Kenya Keeps Interest Rate Steady at 10%
The central bank of Kenya kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 10 percent for the eighth consecutive meeting on January 22nd 2018, as widely expected. The Committee said the decision aims to anchor inflation expectations in the context of sustained macroeconomic stability, increased optimism on growth prospects, improving business environment, and continued strengthening of the global economy.
Kenya Leaves Monetary Policy Unchanged
The central bank of Kenya kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 10 percent for the seventh consecutive meeting on November 23rd 2017, as widely expected. Policymakers said the decision aims to continue to anchor inflation expectations in the context of favourable weather conditions, sustained macroeconomic stability, the conclusion of a prolonged election period, and an improvement in the global economy outlook.
Kenya Maintains Key Rate at 10%
The central bank of Kenya kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 10 percent for the thirteenth consecutive meeting on September 18th, 2017, as widely expected. Policymakers said the decision aims to continue to anchor inflation expectations in the context of general macroeconomic stability, a prolonged election period and continuous uncertainties in the global economy.
Kenya Leaves Monetary Policy Steady
The central bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 10 percent on July 17th 2017, in line with market expectations. Policymakers said the decision aims to anchor inflation expectations amid declining food prices, sustained macroeconomic stability, and continued resilience of the economy.
The central bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate on hold at 10 percent at its March 27th 2017 meeting, in line with market expectations. Policymakers expect the inflation rate to remain above the government's target band of 2.5-7.5 percent due to food prices. Yet, consumer prices increased 9.04 percent year-on-year in February, the most since June of 2012.
The Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 10 percent on November 28th 2016 amid mild inflationary pressures. The central bank last cut borrowing costs by 50bps in September.
Kenya Cuts Key Rate to 10%
The Central Bank of Kenya lowered its benchmark interest rate by 50bps to 10 percent at its September 2016 meeting, surprising markets who expected no changes. It was the second rate cut so far this year, amid a decline in private sector credit growth while the inflation remained within the government target range.
Kenya Keeps Key Rate Unchanged at 10.5%
The Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate on hold at 10.5 percent at its July 2016 meeting, saying a rise in inflation is expected following a hike in fuel taxes. The decision came in line with market expectations and follows a 100bps cut in May.
Kenya Lowers Key Rate to 10.5%
The Central Bank of Kenya cut its benchmark interest rate by 100 bps to 10.5 percent at its May 2016 meeting, saying the currency is stable and expecting the inflation to ease further in upcoming months. The inflation has been slowing since the beginning of the year and reached a nearly 3-year low of 5.27 percent in April of 2016.
Kenya Leaves Benchmark Interest Rate at 11.5%
Central Bank of Kenya held its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 11.5 percent at its March 21st 2016 meeting, saying current monetary policy had helped to moderate inflation expectations.
Kenya Holds Key Rate at 11.5%
Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 11.5 percent on its January 20th meeting.The Committee concluded that the current inflation pressures are temporary and the monetary policy measures currently in place are containing demand pressures in the economy. The decision came in line with market expectations.
Kenya Leaves Key Rate Steady at 11.5%
Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate on hold at 11.5 percent for the third straight time on November 17th. The decision was widely expected, as kenyan shilling was relatively stable and inflation remained within target range.
Kenya Holds Main Interest Rate at 11.5%
Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate on hold at 11.5 percent on September 22nd, as the measures taken in the previous meetings had continued to bring monthly inflation nearer to the 5 percent target and stabilise the foreign exchange market.
Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate on hold at 11.5 percent on August 5th, saying that the measures taken in the previous meetings were yet to be fully transmitted to the economy.
Kenya Raises Key Rate to 11.5%
The Central Bank of Kenya increased its benchmark interest rate for the second straight meeting by 150bps to 11.5 percent on July 7th 2015, saying pressures on the exchange rate increased risks to the inflation outlook. Policymakers also decided to introduce a 3-day repo to control market liquidity.
Kenya Hikes Key Rate to 10%
Central Bank of Kenya raised its key interest rate by 150bps to 10.0 percent on June 9th, the highest level since December 2012. Although inflation has dropped in May due to seasonal factors, policymakers voiced concern about the growing demand pressure and the persistent volatility in the global foreign exchange markets.
Kenya Holds Rates
Central Bank of Kenya left its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent in May. Although there were no demand driven threats to inflation, policymakers said that developments in the foreign exchange markets had triggered inflationary expectations and threatened the price stability objective.
Central Bank of Kenya decided to leave the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent at its February 26th 2015 meeting, as policymakers consider current policy stances continues to deliver the desired price stability. The rate has remained unchanged since May 2013.
Kenya Leaves Key Rate on Hold at 8.5%
Central Bank of Kenya decided to leave the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent at its January 14th 2015 meeting, saying this would ensure that inflation continues to decline towards the 5 percent. Policymakers also decided to cut the rate banks use as a base to price loans, the Kenya Banks' Reference Rate, to 8.54 percent from 9.13 percent.
Central Bank of Kenya decided on November 4th to leave the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent, as current policy stance had moderated inflationary pressures.
Kenya Holds Key Rate Steady at 8.5%
Central Bank of Kenya decided on September 3rd to leave the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent, saying that there are no fundamental structural pressures on inflation.
Kenya Leaves Benchmark Rate on Hold at 8.5%
At its July 8th, 2014 meeting, Central Bank of Kenya decided to keep the benchmark interest rate at 8.5 percent for the fourteenth consecutive meeting, as inflation remains within the target range. Policymakers also decided to set the new Kenya Banks' Reference Rate at 9.13 percent.
At its April 30th, 2014 meeting, Central Bank of Kenya left the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent, as policymakers consider current monetary policy measures continue to deliver the desired price stability.
Kenya Monetary Policy Unchanged in March
Kenyan Monetary Policy Committee decided to hold the central bank rate at 8.50 percent on March 4th, as overall inflation continued to decline in February and remained within the target range, while exchange rate stability was maintained.
Kenya Leaves Rate on Hold at 8.5%
At is January 14th meeting, Central Bank of Kenya decided to leave the benchmark interest rate on hold at 8.5 percent, as the current monetary policy stance is considered to deliver the desired objective of price stability. The Committee also said there was room for commercial banks to reduce the lending rates.
Kenya Monetary Policy Unchanged in November
Central Bank of Kenya decided on November 5th to hold the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent for the sixth straight meeting. The Committee noted that while overall inflation had declined in October, it remained above the 7.5 percent upper bound for the Government medium-term target. However, the strengthening of the Kenya Shilling against major currencies moderated any impact of the pass-through effect of imported inflation.
Central Bank of Kenya Leaves the Bank Rate on Hold at 8.5%
Central Bank of Kenya decided on September 3rd to leave the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 8.5 percent, saying that the inflation rate remains within the official target and citing exchange rate stability.
Kenya Monetary Policy Unchanged in July
The Monetary Policy Committee of the Central Bank of Kenya decided on July 9th to leave the central bank rate unchanged at 8.5 percent. Despite inflation and exchange rate stability, the Committee cited risks from the high current account deficit and current instability in the Middle East and North Africa which could affect the price of oil and tea exports.
Kenya Cuts Key Rate to 8.5%
Kenya's central bank cut its benchmark lending rate by 100 bp to 8.5 percent, resuming an easing path after pausing during the elections in March.
At the Monetary Policy Committee meeting on March 12th, the Central Bank of Kenya decided to maintain the benchmark interest rate at 9.50 percent.
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