text:
\section{Introduction}

It has long been known that the plasma emitting gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) must be
moving relativistically, and that its Lorentz factor $\Gamma$ is much larger
than unity. This follows by the so-called compactness argument
\citep{Ruderman75}. The high photon densities, coupled with the short
variability timescales, imply that GRB sources should be optically thick to
pair production, leading to a huge suppression of the emitted flux and to
thermal spectra, contrary to what is observed. The solution to the compactness
problem requires the source to be in relativistic motion \citep{Piran00}. Lower
limits to the Lorentz factor $\Gamma \gtrsim 100$ are usually derived
\citep{LithwickSari01}.

The discovery of long-lived afterglows has greatly advanced our knowledge of
GRBs. Afterglow radation is powered by the deceleration of the relativistic
fireball. The afterglow behaviour at late times, however, is insensitive to the
initial Lorentz factor, since the fireball decelerates in a self-similar way
\citep{BlandfordMcKee76}. The fireball Lorentz factor can be measured by
observing the afterglow onset \citep{SP99}, which roughly corresponds to the
time at which the fireball starts decelerating significantly. At this time, the
afterglow luminosity reaches a maximum. Unluckily, the early light curves are
very complex, and the observed emission is a mixture of several components,
which easily hide the afterglow peak: residual prompt activity, reverse shocks,
late internal shocks, reverberberation of the main GRB. A clear peak could be
observed in very few cases, most noticeably GRB\,030418 and GRB\,050820A
\citep{Rykoff04,Vestrand06}.

The \textit{Swift} satellite triggered on the long-duration GRB\,060418 and
GRB\,060607A, promptly located them, and for both discovered an X-ray and
optical afterglow (Falcone et al. 2006; Ziaeepour et al. 2006). Their redshifts
are $z = 1.489$ and 3.082, respectively, thus implying an isotropic-equivalent
energy $E_{\rm iso} = 9 \times 10^{52}$ and $\sim 1.1 \times 10^{53}$ erg
\citep{Dupree06,Vreeswijk06}. The X-ray telescope followed their light curve
for a few days, revealing intense flares for both. The REM (Rapid Eye Mount)
robotic telescope \citep{Zerbi01,Chincarini03} promptly reacted to the
triggers, and started observing the GRB fields about one minute after the GRB,
locating in both cases a near-infrared (NIR) counterpart
\citep{Covino06a,Covino06b}. In the case of GRB\,060418, multifilter
observations were secured to study the afterglow spectrum, while for
GRB\,060607A a single, densely sampled light curve was recorded. We refer to
\citet{Molinari07} for a full description of these data.

\begin{figure*}
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{malesani_fig1_astroph.eps}
\caption{X-ray and NIR/optical light curves of GRB 060418 and GRB\,060607A. The
REM data have been complemented by GCN and VLT data.}
\label{fg:lcs}
\end{figure*}

\section{The fireball Lorentz factor}

Figure~\ref{fg:lcs} shows the light curves of GRB\,060418 and GRB\,060607A. In
the NIR, a clear peak is observed $\approx 150$~s after the trigger. Following
the maximum, the curves evolve gradually into a power-law decay. This is
different from what observed in the X rays, where the flares are observed
superimposed to an underlying component with power-law behaviour. For
GRB\,060418, the decay goes on interrupted for more than three decades in time,
directly linking the peak to the forward shock emission. These properties
suggest that the observed maximum corresponds to the afterglow onset. The peak
times were quantitatively determined by fitting a smoothly-broken power law to
the light curve.

The observed peak times $t_{\rm peak}$ (150 and 180 s for GRB\,060418 and
GRB\,060607A, respectively) are longer than the burst durations, and this
corresponds to the so-called thin-shell case. In this scenario, the afterglow
peak time roughly marks the epoch at which the expanding fireball has swept up
enough mass to be significantly decelerated. Using the formulation by
\citet{SP99}, we have
\begin{equation}
  \Gamma_0 =
    320 \left[
      \frac{E_{\gamma,53}(1+z)^3}{\eta_{0.2}n_0t_{\rm peak,2}^3}
    \right]^{1/8},
\end{equation}
where $E_\gamma = 10^{53}E_{\gamma,53}$~erg is the fireball
(isotropic-equivalent) energy, $n = n_0$~cm$^{-3}$ is the particle density of
the surrounding medium (supposed homogeneous), $\eta = 0.2\eta_{0.2}$ is the
radiative efficiency, and $t_{\rm peak,2} = t_{\rm peak}/(100~\mathrm{s})$. We
infer $\Gamma_0 \approx 400$ for both bursts, weakly dependent on the unknown
efficiency and external medium density.

In our computation, we have assumed a homogeneous medium. The light curve
before the peak indeed rises as $\sim t^3$, consistent with the expectations
for a uniform ISM \citep{JinFan07} and in contrast with a wind-shaped ($n
\propto r^{-2}$) environment. After the peak, however, the behaviour of
GRB\,060418 is inconsistent with both a homogeneous and a wind medium. This
might be due, for example, to varying microphysical parameters, or presence of
Compton emission, or radiative losses. Assuming a wind-shaped density profile,
we find a somehow lower value for the Lorentz factor, $\Gamma_0 \approx 150$.

The measured values are in agreement with theoretical predictions and
consistent with existing lower limits \citep{LithwickSari01}. Using $\Gamma_0
\approx 400$, we compute the emission radius $R = 2ct_{\rm peak} [\Gamma(t_{\rm
peak})]^2/(1+z) \approx 10^{17}$~cm. This is much larger than the internal
shocks scale (where the prompt emission is believed to arise), confirming the
different origin of these two components. Albeit $\Gamma_0$ is similar for
GRB\,060418 and GRB\,060607A, a universal value is unlikely. For example, no
peak was observed for GRB\,050401 \citep{Rykoff05}, implying $\Gamma_0 > 900$.

\section{Afterglow energetics}

The detection of the peak allows the measurement of another important quantity,
the afterglow bolometric fluence ${\mathcal F} = \int F_\nu(t,\nu)\,
\mathrm{d}\nu\, \mathrm{d}t$. The integration over the frequency domain
requires also the knowledge of the spectral shape. For GRB\,060418, our
multiwavelength coverage, coupled with the X-ray monitoring, allows to
determine the peak frequency as a function of time, and the spectrum can be
safely extrapolated. The host-galaxy extinction ($A_V = 0.1$~mag) was computed
by imposing for the optical/NIR and X-ray spectral slopes $\beta_{\rm opt} =
\beta_{\rm X} - 0.5$, and assuming an SMC extinction curve.

By computing the integral, we  get ${\mathcal F} = 2.2 \times
10^{-6}$~erg~cm$^{-2}$. To our knowledge, this is the first case for which such
a measurement has been performed. For comparison, the prompt emission
bolometric fluence (easily computed thanks to the broad-band
\textit{Wind}/Konus measurement; \citealt{Golenetskii06}) is ${\mathcal F}_{\rm
GRB} = 1.6\times10^{-5}$~erg~cm$^{-2}$. This implies an afterglow-to-prompt
fluence ratio of 16\%. In principle, external shocks are more efficient in
dissipating the fireball energy than internal collisions (which have a low
Lorentz factor contrast). Our result thus implies that external shocks are not
much efficient in radiating the dissipated energy. This is consistent with the
observed regime of slow cooling inferred by the SED modeling.

DM acknowledges IDA for support. We thank all the collaborators of our work
\citep{Molinari07}.


This special SPORTIFY CITIES report gives valuable insights into the matured public cycling culture in Tokyo, a top-tier World City. Based on numerical evidence and first-hand observations the report argues that Tokyo's favourable spatial structure and its traffic calming measures – rather than provision of bicycle lanes and designated bicycle parking areas – have laid the foundation for the city's omnipresence of this convenient transport utility as well as its notable cyclists' safety record, challenging the notion that capital-intensive bicycle infrastructure, per se, is critical to establishing a notable public cycling culture.
The frictionless co-existence of cyclists, pedestrians and motorized vehicles in this megacity could provide other large, high-density cities with a refreshing alternative to the top-down bicyclism – an ever-growing and increasingly ideologically driven bicycle city movement aimed at pushing supply of bicycle infrastructure ahead of demand and replacing energy-dependent transportation modes with bicycles. The special report concludes by exploring Tokyo's prospects of creating a recognisable public cycling city identity.
This report was first published in March 2014; updated in July 2016.


text:
French's Tavern
we lived it
The Departure Lounge / The Globe
Ray the Bouncer
Jamie Jetson
Roz Gibbons
Eddie Waage
Polly Newham
Michael Blackhead
Little Bob
This website is the offshoot of a Facebook group called I Might Have Drank at French's Tavern, established in March 2015. From the mid '60s to the late '80s, French's was a live music venue on Oxford St, Darlinghurst, home to a conga line of musical styles: jazz, blues, R&B, folk rock, hard rock, hardcore and punk.
All the while it kept its own character, different to other places: maybe a bit more intense because of the small capacity, the closeness of bands and audience, the literally underground feel when the music moved downstairs in the 70s. It was one of the few places where the tribes mixed freely, mostly without serious incident.
French's gave early exposure to some of our most popular and enduring acts: Cold Chisel, Midnight Oil, Paul Kelly, INXS, The Triffids, The Reels, Radio Birdman, Mi-Sex, The Birthday Party and more. For the Foreday Riders, it was home base for many years. It gave Ol' 55 their first gigs. Richard Clapton honed a new album there.
And then there were the less widely known bands: feedtime, Sweet Poison, Lubricated Goat, Box the Jesuit, The Exploding White Mice, The Slugfuckers, Real Fucking Idiots, Smack of Jellyfish, Thug and over 200 more.
Thanks for coming. Enjoy the show.
Photo by Rebecca Weaver
The content here is drawn almost exclusively from posts, comments, photos and videos posted to the FB group. If it interests you, you should join, as there is a ton more anecdotal history there from people who worked there, played there, listened, danced, drank and damned near lived there. And the music - always the music.
There is swearing. You may have noticed some already. If that offends you, then best turn away now. But it really doesn't get any much worse than that. There are also some things you should know about your use of this website, about who owns the content and the copyright and how we protect your privacy.
The Facebook group is also the best way to contribute a reminiscence, an anecdote, a photo, a video, a link, a comment or a question. Fallback options are to email us or use the contact form.
web design by Ricky Onsman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hugo and Hortensia vs Noise Pollution
The macaws of the Public Square of Caguas, Hugo and Hortensia, are in great danger after an invisible but dangerous pollution, noise pollution.
Angélica Sanabria / 16 years / Puerto Rico
The macaws are part of the parrot family and are especially beautiful and colorful. We have an example in the Public Square Santiago R. Palmer in the Municipality of Caguas. In the "Plaza", Hugo and Hortensia live in a huge cage. Every day people go to observe them and take themselves pictures with the birds. This area is full of activities, and the noise is continuous causing one of the most dangerous environmental pollution of all, noise pollution.
The Law of Crimes Against Public Peace defines noise as all loud, disturbing, intense and frequent sound. This means that without a doubt sound pollution is a strong threat to the life of this pair of macaws. The more days of parties in the Plaza of Caguas the more constant noise in the life of these defenseless birds. These exotic birds where brought with the intention of attracting citizens and tourists and as a beautiful element to decorate. But, did they ever think about all the harm the birds could receive from the location's conditions?
The gossip of people, passing cars and music at full volume are just some of the causes of so much noise that affect Hugo and Hortensia.
According to wildlife experts, noise may end up altering their behavior. In addition, it can cause physical damage to the auditory structures. The noise also affects their singing as they have to work harder to sing or communicate with other birds.
I asked Marie Sanabria, a teacher of Environmental Sciences at the Ana Roque High School in Humacao, if she believes that the students are aware of the damage caused by noise to animals: " NO, most people do not know the danger of animals being exposed with so much noise. When I talk to my students about problems like this, they get really surprised. "
The noise causes fright in the birds, this generates stress (making them fly more time than usual) and the energy they use for that could be used to feed, rest or other vital activities such as courtship to reproduce. The more vegetation there is, the more sound pollution is damped, but if the green areas are very small is not the wright environment to the macaws establish. According to doctors, noise is not only dangerous to the hearing system of us humans, but also to our cardiovascular health. Noises make us more likely to suffer from heart conditions and even an increased risk of heart attacks. If this is the case with humans, how would this affect animals as small as Hortensia and Hugo?. Acoustic pollution is one of these cases that we believe only affects people, but also has a serious effect on animals.
''Noise pollution has a serious impact on fauna and flora. The sound waves emitted by these noises are capable of creating negative effects for nature, causing serious damage. In some cases, it can be lethal for many species, as well as birds'', said Iris Velazquez, a professor in the Wildlife Management Department at the University of Puerto Rico in Humacao.
Without a doubt, Hugo and Hortensia are victims of noise. They face a strong disruption of daily life. The couple of macaws have been looking for a way to survive the noise on their own. These birds have created sounds that seek to surpass the waves emitted by the frequent parties in the Plaza, similar to a moan. That is, their instinct for survival has led them to create new ways of communicating in order to overcome the contamination produced by us.
contaminacionauditiva.com
According to the Environmental Quality Board, sound levels represent a problem of severe environmental pollution. This also indicated that the main roads of the island including Caguas, is where the noise pollution is highest. So the macaws are not only affected on holidays but every day since de Municipality of Caguas is amongst one of the noisiest in the country.
Sustainable Cities Grow on Community Empowerment
RESILIENT SOLUTIONS OF WATER POLLUTION IN ISLA VERDE, CAROLINA, PUERTO RICO


text:
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Stories From Colombia
Newsletters & Reports
Ongoing Partnerships
Maureen Orth Receives Colombian Citizenship
Maureen Orth received Colombian citizenship from President Duque in recognition of the work of the Marina Orth Foundation, a longtime FOC partner. Maureen says the celebration at the Ambassador's Residence was "the most beautiful and overwhelming night. It was my great honor to accept Colombian citizenship in the name of all Colombia Peace Corps Volunteers. The Peace Corps in Colombia is an important piece of our two hundred years of bilateral relations."
From the Colombian Embassy:
As part of the celebration of the 200-year of history of the relationship between Colombia and the United States, high-level audiences in Washington have been delighted with the best samples of Colombian music, flavors, and culture.
Thanks to the Embassy of Colombia to the United States, US government officials, opinion leaders and high-level figures in the society of the US capital have taste Colombian cuisine, rhythms and dances representative of the country.
In each of the events held, the audiences have witnessed and experience firsthand the deep connection to the United States and the influence of both cultures in personal relationships.
When journalist Maureen Orth, a native of Berkley, California who has donated hours and hours of her time to communities of young people in Colombia was granted Colombian nationality, on April 26, 2022, guests were able to dance to the rhythm of Joropo, thanks to the Academy Cabrestero, that has been recognized as one of the best in teaching this rhythm.
In the celebration for Orth, President of Colombia Ivan Duque recognized her work and her passion for the country in a moving video call from the capital of the country.
Once the ceremony finished, the dancers – three couples – stomped their feet in the floor of the main hall of the residence in front of the audience that little by little became infected with the flavor and sound of the traditional rhythm. So much so that the honoree, and the Colombian Ambassador to the United States, Juan Carlos Pinzón tried to follow the steps that have made this one of the most representative dances in the country.
Between tears of emotion, the honoree took photos with the members of the dance group and with the musicians who played various traditional melodies from the Colombian eastern plains.
To complete the special night, chef Maria Camila Garcia traveled from Villavicencio to present daily dishes from the area, such as mamona, or Llanera veal that was served with avocado mousse, plantain gnocchi, bathed in garlic sauce, roasted, basil sprouts, garlic flowers and serrano ham. The menu also included fish fillet glazed in cocona jam, with fresh sprouts of coriander, basil, pansy, lemon ant and mashed yucca. People also tasted a special coffee from Amor Perfecto cultivated in el Meta.
Friends of Colombia2022-06-08T20:28:11+00:00
© Copyright Friends of Colombia | All rights reserved.
P.O. Box 15292, Chevy Chase, MD 20825


IDEAS IN ACTION is a podcast series produced by the University of Southern California. Aligned with the university mission dedicated to "the development of human beings and society as a whole through the cultivation and enrichment of the human mind and spirit," the series brings you thought-provoking conversations across various disciplines, happening at USC's University Park and Health Sciences campuses today. Recordings are available on this website, as well as iTunes and Spotify.


text:
Friday, Sep 16, 2022
Play the Parks
Westminster Pier Park
2023 Community Grant Intake
The 2023 City of New Westminster Community Grant intake is now open. The Community Grant program supports organizations that contribute to and support New Westminster in an inclusive way.
If you have an idea for a project or event, need to receive multi-year funding, a sport travel grant, or require City services to support your event, let us know by applying for a grant.
The deadline to receive applications is Tuesday, Oct. 4, 2022 at noon. The deadline for organizations requesting a grant for City services is tomorrow, Sept. 16, 2022. For more information, please visit newwestcity.ca/grants.


Anyone who knows me well will tell you that chocolate, especially chocolate milk, is one of my life-long passions (or, obsessions, if you will). I remember going home from school as a kid and stopping at the grocery store to get some fresh chocolate milk at least once a week. Back then, I had no idea that dairy was not the healthiest, nor the most ethical choice. All I cared about was that it tasted good. Today, great taste is still a non-negotiable for me, but I make sure that the products I buy and consume are sustainable and ethical.
For today's recipe, I teamed up with REBBL, a company that I'm particularly excited to be working with because their coconut-based elixirs are extremely delicious (seriously, I can't get enough!) and made with the highest quality organic and ethically sourced ingredients. In addition, 2.5% of all revenue goes directly to the non-profit NOT FOR SALE, which fights human trafficking worldwide. REBBL was actually born out of a collaboration seeking to find innovative ways to prevent exploitation in the Peruvian Amazon. How cool is that?
A rich chocolate mousse full of flavor and healthy fats that's completely dairy- and refined sugar free.
In a high speed blender, mix all ingredients (except for the mint and strawberries) until you get a thick, smooth mousse. Feel free to add a few mint leaves to the blender for a more intense flavor. I personally prefer adding the mint at the end, but to each their own! Tip: if you want to add a mocha/coffee touch to your mousse, you can use a mix of REBBL's reishi chocolate and their mocha or cold brew elixirs.
Place the strawberries in parfait glasses or small jars and add the mousse. Depending on the size of your glasses/jars and how many strawberries you decide to use, you'll have enough mousse for 4-5 people. You could also make smaller portions and serve them as appetizers. Turning them into one giant shake and enjoying it all by yourself is obviously also an option!
Garnish with the mint leaves and enjoy! Try to prepare the mousse right before you consume it, but if necessary, you can make it the same day and keep it in the fridge or freezer for a few hours.
An additional note about REBBL: Almost all of their products are vegan, with the exception of their Matcha Latte and Golden Turmeric Milk elixirs, which are made with ethically sourced honey.
Click here to find out where you can buy REBBL. I love all four of these, but my personal favorites are the maca cold-brew and the reishi chocolate!
Disclaimer: this post is sponsored by REBBL. All opinions and statements are my own. I only recommend products that I actually use and personally believe in.


Kitty Harri's Sculpture Garden is located 20 minutes equidistant drive north of Almunecar, Salobrena and Motril and 45 minutes drive south of Granada and one hour east of Malaga.
It is located exactly at the 3km point (signed) on GR-5300 between the villages of Jete and Itrabo (good road).
As there is no written sign on this road to show the way to Kitty Harri's Sculpture Garden KEEP YOUR EYES OPEN FOR THE YELLOW 3 KM SIGN. This is PRECISELY where you turn down the concrete road. Fear not - this road habitually takes large concrete lorries and other enormous vehicles. In 300 metres you see the angel mosaic which directs you to the left and the big blue gates of the Sculpture Garden.
As there is limited space close to the gate of the Garden please be prepared to park at the side of the lane leading up to the house and walk up to the gate. As we cannot control how many people come at once we ask for your patience if space is unavailable at the door.
Any problems finding us, call Kitty on 639 563 213, Nick on 609 706 210.
Follow the Autovia del Mediterrano E15/A7 in the easterly direction past Nerja, La Herradura, Almunecar and take exit # 322 marked Lobres, Molvizar, Salobrena, Motril. Turn right at the roundabout and again at the next roundabout..
*** Head west following signs for Molvizar and Itrabo. Keep to the left road before both villages to avoid going into them (i.e.left at the roundabout in Itrabo).
The road winds gently as it climbs, and soon after Itrabo you reach the top of a mountain and start to descend into the next valley, "Valle Tropical". After 800 metres, exactly at the 3km sign, turn sharply left into a concrete lane. Follow the lane approx 300m, keeping to the left, with an eye out for the "Angel" sign and the blue gates of the Sculpture Garden.
Follow the Autovia del Mediterrano E15/A7 in the westerly direction taking the exit #322 marked Motril, Lobres, Molvizar, Salobrena, Itrabo.
Follow the N-340 out of Motril, in the direction of Salobrena and Almunecar. Follow the signs and take the off ramp for GR-14 heading north for approx 0.5km. At the roundabout take the exit for Lobres/Molvizar (N-323/GR5300) which is a small road travelling parallel to the main road on the west side. (DO NOT continue on the GR-14 to Granada, otherwise you'll have to take the exit marked N-323/GR-5300 back to Lobres at the next roundabout!) Always follow the signs towards Lobres and Molvizar, but actually pass by them both, continuing on GR5300.
Follow the Autovia A-44 southwards and follow signs for Autovia A-7, direction Malaga. Take the exit #322 marked Motril, Lobres, Molvizar, Salobrena, Itrabo.
Take the road north up the Valle Tropical signposted Jete and Otivar through Torrecuevas. Soon after Jete turn right on GR-5300, signposted Itrabo and Molvizar. Drive up 3 km and right at the 3km sign turn right into the lane. Follow the lane approx 300m, keeping to the left, with an eye out for the "Angel" sign and the blue gates of the Sculpture Garden!
Call José for excellent prices 608 459 834 taximinibusterra@gmail.com.
José speaks English and will wait for 1 1/2 hours during your visit and take you home.


Storage 0 Indicates that the data structure to be returned should be in storage type format.
For all other codecs Storage and Stream have the same meaning.
Stream 1 Indicates that the data structure to be returned should be in a raw unstructured form.
StreamEscaped 2 Indicates that the data structure to be returned should be in a raw but escaped form.
For H.264 this means start codes.


Free Utility Bill Template – Are you still using Excel 2003? Many individuals and businesses have been reluctant to purchase the newest Excel. Soon after years of releases which did not genuinely change the app much, Excel 2007 introduced a major change.
You can discover several varieties of some budgeting worksheet on the internet that you can publish or use like a template in a number of your existing programs. Even if you simply utilize it in order to get ideas, it is sometimes a major help once you sit to develop a cash management plan. While perhaps not everybody gets an identical revenue and investment conditions, this type of worksheet is really a remarkable destination for a get started.
Without the proper type of goal setting worksheet template then the undertaking of setting down in words what you would like to achieve will be more difficult. Using a template directing you that the worksheet it generates it much simpler that you concentrate and make clear on your own aims. Once you know what you would like then you carry on to follow along with the steps in the worksheet to achieve your goals. They are powerful resources and ought to be utilised in most setting goals exercise.
When you watch a couple of these templates, you may see that you simply have more classes of paying than you thought. As an example, when first creating a funding, many folks forget all about gifts, subscriptions, along with pet expenses but by dealing together with a few of those preprinted templates, so you can remember extra expenses you want to take into account. Another good example of the benefits of utilizing a template since you make your funding would be your category branded holiday. When the majority of people don't budget for their getaway on monthly basis on the budgeting worksheet, pros suggest that you just incorporate most your one time or yearly expenses into a workable monthly invoice. In this manner, when vacation time rolls around, you will already have the capital that you need. Consider the different time or annual expenses on your budget that you may need to policy for to get monthly basis.
Excel 2007 and also the new 2010 upgrade break the old barriers about the range of rows and columns out there. No longer can you run out of columns at pillar I V, there are currently above 16,000 obtainable. The rows are now over a million. Wow, if you work with huge worksheets since I do, it really matters. Your spreadsheets will probably look cooler as well. It's easier to earn a good-looking table and different objects for presentation. There are far more colors available to use way too, that will be really nice if you make use of them just as far as I really do. The principal cause to upgrade though is always to keep your knowledge current. You don't want to develop into obsolete your self. We are all aware that tech is always moving forward. A few instances it walks sometimes will be emptied. Do not miss this leap.
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You are here: Home / All posts / Hearing impairment: A modifiable risk for dementia?
Dr Piers Dawes is a neuropsychologist from The University of Manchester. Piers's research in dementia and hearing impairment is funded by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. Piers is also part of the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre's Hearing Health Theme, which covers prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hearing impairment across the whole life span.
The identification of hearing impairment as a 'modifiable risk factor' for dementia assumes that hearing impairment is a cause of cognitive decline.
So far, the available evidence has not demonstrated a strong causal impact of hearing impairment on dementia. There is evidence that common factors cause both hearing loss and dementia, and that cognitive problems impact on hearing.
A recent review of dementia prevention, intervention and care in the Lancet identified hearing impairment as the largest potentially modifiable mid-life risk factor for dementia. There are increasing numbers of people with dementia due to aging populations. There is therefore intense interest in modifiable risk factors in preventing or delaying the onset of dementia and minimising the personal and financial costs of dementia.
But the assertion that hearing impairment is a modifiable risk factor for dementia rests on the strong assumption that the association between hearing impairment and dementia risk is due to a causal impact of hearing loss on dementia.
All of the studies that reported hearing impairment associated with dementia risk are correlational. It is not possible to establish if there is a direct causal link between hearing impairment and dementia from correlational studies. It may be that hearing impairment contributes causally to dementia risk. But it is also possible that the association is the other way around (i.e. cognition impacts hearing) or that a shared factor impacts both hearing and cognition.
There are various ways that hearing may causally impact cognition. First, hearing impairment may increase 'listening effort', meaning that people have fewer cognitive resources available for other tasks. People with hearing impairment may appear to have a cognitive deficit, when the underlying cognitive system is OK. A problem with this explanation is that associations between hearing and cognition remain even when cognition is tested with visually-based tasks.
A second possibility is that cognitively taxing chronic listening effort has a permanent adverse impact on cognition. This is an interesting idea, but it doesn't seem very plausible: doing cognitively taxing things (like crosswords or Sudoku) is linked to preserved cognition, not cognitive decline. Brain training games stress cognition, but none of these programs has ever reported cognitive decline as an adverse side effect that I am aware of.
Lastly, hearing impairment may impact indirectly on cognition. Hearing impairment may lead to social isolation, depression and/or reduced self-efficacy, and these things may lead to reduced cognitive performance and increased dementia risk.
Hearing is cognitively taxing. One must selectively attend to and sustain attention on the sounds of interest, avoid being distracted by irrelevant sounds, keep updating information and make links to prior information in memory. Reduced cognitive capacity therefore adversely affects listening. Someone may appear to have poor 'hearing' when their listening difficulties are due to cognitive impairment.
All of the studies that showed an association between hearing and dementia risk used hearing tests that are cognitively taxing. Some of the apparent association between hearing and dementia risk may be because hearing tests are sensitive to cognitive impairment. (One way of avoiding confounding with cognition on hearing tests would be to use objective physiological tests of hearing function).
Both hearing loss and dementia are complex, multifactorial conditions that share causes including inflammation and oxidative stress, hormonal and vascular changes. Hearing loss and cognitive decline/dementia share the same environmental/lifestyle risks and some genetic susceptibility factors. Aerobic exercise, healthy diet, non-smoking, moderate alcohol consumption and favourable early childhood development are all linked to both better hearing and cognitive function (see, for example, my earlier Policy@ Manchester blog on prenatal and early childhood developmental factors and cognitive function). The size of the impact of these early life factors on sensory/cognitive function is large enough to entirely account for the reported associations between hearing and cognitive function in adulthood. Hearing loss is therefore a marker of brain health.
Note that all three possibilities above are not mutually exclusive, and all three may be true to some extent.
One way of testing whether hearing impairment is a modifiable risk for dementia would be to do a randomised controlled trial of hearing aid use, with incidence of dementia measured over several years. But such a study would need to be very large and long running. There are substantial practical, scientific, financial and ethical problems with such a study.
We found no impact of hearing aid use on cognitive decline or incident dementia over 15 years in 666 US adults with hearing impairment. In an on-going analysis of data from the large UK Biobank study, we found no impact of hearing aid use on cognitive decline in 5,000 people with hearing impairment over 2-4 years. In another study currently under preparation, we found no impact of hearing aid use on trajectories of cognitive aging modelled over 11 years in ~10,000 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. One small US study reported a positive impact of hearing aid use on one out of three cognitive tests over 20 years.
We need more studies to test the impact of hearing aids and other hearing interventions on dementia risk and other cognitive outcomes. The evidence so far does not suggest a robust clinically important effect of hearing aids in reducing cognitive decline or dementia risk.
Note that the benefits of treating hearing impairments on reducing dementia risk do not necessarily need to be clinically significant (i.e. relevant at the level of the individual). Because hearing impairment is very highly prevalent, small gains in reducing dementia risk by effective management of hearing impairment could translate to a substantial reduction in numbers of people with dementia.
One possibility is that hearing aids (and other hearing interventions) do not have a substantial impact on cognitive decline, but may reduce dementia by reducing functional impairments. Dementia is diagnosed on the basis of cognitive decline plus sufficient functional impairment such that a person struggles to cope in daily life. Hearing impairments cause functional impairments and may exacerbate the impact of cognitive impairment on function. Hearing aids are very effective in reducing functional impairment.
I and my colleagues at the Manchester Biomedical Research Centre believe that effective prevention and treatment of hearing impairment will reduce developmental, social and economic costs of hearing loss and this is why research into the wider effects of hearing impairment is so important.
At present there are no robust data that support a significant change in health policy in relation to hearing-related interventions to prevent dementia. I think that we need to understand the interactions of hearing impairment with cognition and functional impairments as well as the benefits of treating hearing impairment within the overall context of aging. This approach requires taking into account other sensory impairments (particularly vision impairment), and physical, psychological and environmental changes with age.
In order to affect policy, we need health economic data to demonstrate the cost benefits of effective identification and management of hearing impairment. We also need workable public health strategies to prevent, identify and treat hearing impairments to in order to improve trajectories of well-being in older age.
Dr Piers Dawes is a lecturer in audiology at the University of Manchester. He was awarded the British Society of Audiology's Thomas Simm Littler Prize in 2014 for his work on the epidemiology of hearing loss and acclimatization to hearing aids.


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text:
namespace donut
{
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Making Freedom
Making Freedom
Apartheid, Squatter Politics, and the Struggle for Home
Book Pages: 256 Illustrations: 16 illustrations Published: October 2015
Author: Anne-Maria Makhulu
African Studies, Anthropology > Cultural Anthropology, Geography
In Making Freedom Anne-Maria Makhulu explores practices of squatting and illegal settlement on the outskirts of Cape Town during and immediately following the end of apartheid. Apartheid's paradoxical policies of prohibiting migrant Africans who worked in Cape Town from living permanently within the city led some black families to seek safe haven on the city's perimeters. Beginning in the 1970s families set up makeshift tents and shacks and built whole communities, defying the state through what Makhulu calls a "politics of presence." In the simple act of building homes, squatters, who Makhulu characterizes as urban militants, actively engaged in a politics of "the right to the city" that became vital in the broader struggles for liberation. Despite apartheid's end in 1994, Cape Town's settlements have expanded, as new forms of dispossession associated with South African neoliberalism perpetuate relations of spatial exclusion, poverty, and racism. As Makhulu demonstrates, the efforts of black Capetonians to establish claims to a place in the city not only decisively reshaped Cape Town's geography but changed the course of history.
"Making Freedom, an exciting and provocative book about Cape Town's informal settlements during and after apartheid, engages precisely with the spaces between those foregrounded by official categories." — Maxim Bolt, Anthropological Quarterly
"In so many ways, Making Freedom is a tour de force. Not only does it open up new ways to make sense of unauthorized squatting in struggling cities, it also challenges mainstream urban studies to look beyond negative stereotypes of so-called 'illegal' squatting. Makhulu weaves her analysis through all sorts of debates—informal work, selfbuilt housing, the "right to the city," and many more. For this reason and more, Making Freedom is a book worth reading and engaging with." — Martin J. Murray, International Journal of African Historical Studies
"A thoughtful, sobering and provocative read for anyone interested in the recent history of South Africa's urban development on a highly political landscape.... Reading Making Freedom is an intersectional literary experience in its careful consideration of not only economics and politics but gender, race and culture."
— Lené Le Roux, Southeastern Geographer
"This is a useful book and an insightful framework for understanding apartheid and the anti-apartheid movement. Revolutions depend on what Makhulu calls 'the space of the ordinary': shelter, pleasure, food, and employment, all of which were demanded by squatter groups (10). It is critical to understand these forces, not only in understanding how revolutions are sustained, but in the demands that they make. For post-apartheid South Africa, this is essential, and Makhulu does a commendable job." — Zeb Larson, Journal of Global South Studies
"Makhulu's recounts and comments with insight on the stories told by some squatters, mostly in respect of Crossroads.... There is much in this book that is of interest." — Richard Tomlinson, American Historical Review
"The book is well written and offers a fluid account of the plight of and solution to Black South Africans' struggles in a divided South Africa. Makhulu's ethnographic fieldwork allows for an intimate presentation of the context, and inclusion of interview excerpts adds the voices of people on the ground." — Crystal Powell, Journal of International and Global Studies
"Making Freedom is a strongly argued and well executed book. It is a great addition to the literature offering a stimulating and insightful analysis of Cape Town's informal settlements, exploring the problems and contradictions at play, while posing important questions regarding freedom in post-apartheid South Africa." — Matthew Graham, Social History
"Makhulu's book is a major contribution to apartheid and post-apartheid housing studies. The book's major strength comes from learning from the squatters themselves about how they made freedom and home in urban South Africa. . . . The book is a great contribution to the historiography of South African anthropology and history, among other disciplines, and it reminds us that making freedom and making home is what all societies struggle for irrespective of gender, class, race, religion and generation." — Joyce M. Chadya, Canadian Journal of History
"[Makhulu] show[s] how the worlds of the formal and informal collide on the city's streets, outside Cape Town's peripheries, and within its fringe settlements." — Dawne Y. Curry, African Studies Review
"We tend to think of South Africa in terms of its heroic struggles. Anne-Maria Makhulu shows us just how much we can learn by appreciating its quieter and less dramatic subaltern moments. In doing so, she places the expansion of shack settlements in post-apartheid Cape Town within the larger transformations of a global context."
— Donald L. Donham, author of Violence in a Time of Liberation: Murder and Ethnicity at a South African Gold Mine, 1994
"Anne-Maria Makhulu sketches a moving picture of the often desperate struggles of squatters against the apartheid state in their efforts to make possible some sort of combination of work and family life. She also highlights important shifts and continuities under post-apartheid and the turn to neoliberal policies. Making Freedom is a major contribution that will impact the historiography of South Africa, urban studies, political economy, and anthropology of the state, market, and violence." — Peter Geschiere, author of Witchcraft, Intimacy, and Trust: Africa in Comparison
Anne-Maria Makhulu is Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology and African and African American Studies at Duke University. She is a coeditor of Hard Work, Hard Times: Global Volatility and African Subjectivities.
Prologue xi
1. Migrations 27
2. Counterinsurgency 63
3. Transitions 95
4. "Reckoning" 129
Conclusion. Making Freedom 153
Listen to an interview with Anne-Maria Makhulu on Left of Black
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Demonetisation
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Young India
EYE ON RSS
Election Commission's meeting with PMO Officials is preposterous; ECI abdicating its constitutional duty
Tradition and rules say the CEC and ECs do not take orders from bureaucrats and no PMO before this one had dared to breach protocol. But the current PM and his PMO are of a different mien
Election Commission of India (PTI)
Sushil Kutty
Published: 18 Dec 2021, 5:33 PM
Engagement: 0
"How can we expect polls to be impartial?" asked Mallikarjuna Kharge, Congress Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha. Rightly, his question is for the Election Commission, but the EC no longer has the courage—not under this dispensation which has been chipping away at the democratic edifice of the Republic with a vengeance.
There is more than one virus at play these days. For nearly 72 years, the Election Commission did its duty towards the Constitution and the country and if there were hiccups, friendly burps cleared the passage, so to speak.
No longer. The monk King is ruling—has been ruling. Now, after nearly 3000 days of uninterrupted rule, the Election Commission is weaker by 3000 times. It has lost its standing in the eyes of the PMO, which is but a collection of 'Babus' in two-piece suits. Whoever said 'Suit-Boot Ki Sarkar' spoke with a rare intuition!
By the way, Ajay Mishra 'Teni' is not the only Mishra in Prime Minister Narendra Modi's orbit. There is one in the PMO also. The Mishra in the PMO is powerful, capable of sending summons to the Election Commission, asking the three election commissioners— including the CEC—to present themselves at the PMO.
What should be said? Disregard of constitutional propriety—that chipping away at the edges? The point is, the Election Commission is toothless, rendered gutless by the one who shall not be named. To quote a leading national daily, "the Election Commission is a Constitutional Authority whose functioning is insulated from the Executive and the three Commissioners ensure a distance from the government—and are seen to be doing so—for this reason."
There is reason to believe, however, that this "arrangement" has been dropped unilaterally by one party and the other is powerless to reassert. CEC Sushil Chandra and ECs Rajiv Kumar and Anup Chandra Pandey, cannot hear, talk or open their eyes to the ongoing changes in the fundamentals of India's electoral democracy.
A 'Babu' sends a note to the Election Commission saying that the PMO "expects the CEC to be present at a meeting the PMO will chair?" If it was TN Seshan, there would have been a revolt. There are "precedents and well-established red lines between institutions" that spell CEC-PMO relations, but reports doing the rounds say the CEC and the two ECs folded and "interacted" with the PMO.
Coming on the eve of the five states' elections—the "presence" of the poll panel chief at a meeting called by the PMO was unusual! "Where have all the soldiers gone?" comes to mind. These days of the "man who shall not be named" such initiatives are fraught with danger. There never was a time when 'Babudom' summoned the EC.
Yes, the Election Commission has in the past written to the "Prime Minister" seeking clarifications on certain issues. CEC MS Gill in 1999 wrote to Prime Minister AB Vajpayee regarding electoral reforms. In 2016, CEC Naseem Zaidi wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and sought urgent release of funds to buy VVPAT machines.
Tradition and rules say the CEC and the two ECs do not take orders from bureaucrats and no PMO before this one had dared to breach protocol. But, the times have changed, and the current PM and his PMO are of a different mien, and make. It reminds us of the Lion King, but that is about an autocrat!
Prime Minister Narendra Modi talks the language of the benign king but behind his "Mann Ki Baat" lurks the man who shall not be named. The fourth pillar is shaking like a stray leaf in a tsunami—the tornado ripping across India's constitutional landscape spells helplessness in pathetic letters.
Political parties across the spectrum have condemned the "summons" to the ECs and the CEC, who joined an "online interaction" with the PMO on November 16. A picture of helplessness, LOP, Rajya Sabha, Mallikarjun Kharge painted a dark scenario. The meeting, called by Modi's principal secretary PK Mishra, was to discuss "common electoral roll".
The trio boycotted the "video meeting", but were "present at the informal interaction" with Mishra later on. The Opposition is perturbed. As it should be.
Senior Congress leader Manish Tewari said "this raises serious questions of propriety and autonomy of the Election Commission". It raises a serious question-- after nearly 75 years of India's independence, is there no longer an independent Election Commission? The answer will be "give an autocrat power, and he will never give it up."
(IPA Service,
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text:
Tag archive for 'Mystery'
By Brandon Jones On Friday, January 18th, 2019
James McAvoy shines in 'Glass' which just can't quite live up to the expectations
After nineteen years M. Night Shyamalan has completed the story he started with Unbreakable. The Sixth Sense director teased fans with a surprised at the end of Split, which set up a face off between James McAvoy's More...
By Guest Author On Tuesday, August 16th, 2016
Top Ways to Boost Your Income When You're Looking for Work
Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of our time, with the United States alone being home to hundreds of thousands of people who are without work for a variety of different reasons. Since the financial crisis More...
By Brandon Jones On Sunday, July 24th, 2016
'Sherlock' season 4 trailer arrives at San Diego Comic-Con, new clues revealed
Benedict Cumberbatch wowed fans at SDCC with the new Doctor Strange trailer and then teased the return of BBC's Sherlock with the first official trailer for season 4 today. Cumberbatch's Sherlock Holmes More...
By Guest Author On Friday, September 11th, 2015
'The Visit' Review: M Night Shyamalan delivers great balance of horror and comedy
The Visit is the latest in a growing list of unusual films from writer/director M. Night Shyamalan that will leave you guessing until he's ready to reveal the bizarre twist. Opening on September 11, 2015, this More...
By Terra Budary On Friday, May 22nd, 2015
'Tomorrowland' review: Great visuals, humor highlight family film on optimism
Inside each of us there are two wolfs. One is evil. It is anger, jealousy, greed, resentment, inferiority, lies and ego. The other is good. It is joy, peace, love, hope, humanity, kindness, empathy, and truth. Which More...
By Brandon Jones On Saturday, September 20th, 2014
'A Walk Among the Tombstones' Review: Liam Neeson phones in a violent, moody crime caper
Despite his aversion to guns, Liam Neeson is back shooting down bad guys in A Walk Among the Tombstones in a bloody, brutal and unsatisfying action film. Written and directed by Scott Frank, Tombstone is based on More...
By Brandon Jones On Friday, February 28th, 2014
'Non-Stop' Movie Review: Liam Neeson shines in Hitchcock style thriller
Liam Neeson reunites with Unknown director Jaume Collet-Serra to deliver a great action thriller in Non-Stop. Neeson plays the bitter alcoholic Federal Air Marshal Bill Marks, who is now receiving threatening text More...


As the number of cores per node keeps increasing, it becomes increasingly important for MPI to leverage shared-memory for intra-node communication. This paper investigates the design and optimizations of MPI collectives for clusters of NUMA nodes. We develop performance models for collective communication using shared memory, and develop several algorithms for various collectives. Experiments are conducted on both Xeon X5650 and Opteron 6100 InfiniBand clusters. The measurements are in agreement with the model and indicate that different algorithms dominate for short vectors and long vectors. We compare our shared memory allreduce with several traditional MPI implementations, i.e., Open MPI, MPICH2, and MVAPICH2, which utilize system shared memory to facilitate inter-process communication. On 16 nodes Xeon cluster and 8 nodes Opteron clusters, our implementation achieves on average 2.5X and 2.3X speedup over MVAPICH2, respectively. Our techniques enable an efficient implementation of collective operations on future multi- and manycore systems.


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Masterful Marquez makes it three in a row, solid fifth place for Pedrosa at Le Mans
In Marc Marquez, MotoGP, News
Masterful Marquez makes it three in a row, solid fifth place for Pedrosa at Le Mans2018-05-202018-05-20https://www.vroom-magazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/vroommaglogo.pngvroom-magazine.comhttps://vroom-magazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/marc-marquez-1.jpg200px200px
Marc Marquez enjoyed another fantastic race weekend, taking his third consecutive victory this season, the 64th of his career, and his 38th in MotoGP, equalling Casey Stoner's Premier Class GP win tally and extending his own Championship lead to 36 points over second-place rider Maverick Viñales.
The only rider on a hard Michelin rear tyre, Marc managed the race perfectly in every phase, on a track that is usually challenging for him. He kept his cool during the early laps until his tyres were ready, took the lead after the crashes of Title-chase rivals Andrea Dovizioso and Johann Zarco, and eventually built a comfortable gap at the front, which he managed until the chequered flag fell.
Dani Pedrosa rode a strong race, recovering from the fourth row on the grid to finish in fifth place, keeping a good pace for the entire race.
"I'm particularly happy with this win here in Le Mans, as it's one of the most difficult tracks for us! Today I was the only one on a hard rear tyre, and that made my approach to the race a bit different because I knew it would take a little more time to reach the right temperature. But during the warm-up, I had the opportunity to verify that once the tyre was ready, it was very constant, and I was able to keep a very good rhythm. To be honest, things were a bit challenging at the beginning of the race: Zarco touched me in the second corner and I went a bit wide, then Iannone crashed and nearly hit me, so I lost some more positions. I decided to cool down for a while. When I saw that Dovi and Johann were out, my approach to the race again changed a bit. At a certain point, I had one big moment in turn three, where I had already crashed in FP3, which is why I was being extremely careful there; I think that helped me to avoid a crash in that moment. I'm currently experiencing a very 'sweet' period with my bike, and when you've got that kind of feeling, you also work better; then you ride better, and the bike works better. Things don't exactly become easier when you get into this zone, but they're more 'natural.' Of course it's a very long season, and not all the races will be the same, so we'll just try and keep the momentum."
Dani Pedrosa
"Fifth is a decent result considering the weekend and my physical potential. Looking at the positives, we recovered five positions after starting from 10th place, which isn't so easy at this track. Today it was also important not to crash, and we managed to finish the race, which in turn lets us approach the next race with some more confidence. And finally, our rhythm at the end of the race was consistent, even if it's not yet as fast as we would've liked. We were able to improve our bike setup over the weekend, and I'd like to thank the team for that. Now we'll see what my physical condition is like after next week's test in Catalunya. Hopefully it will be better, and then we'll try and keep improving our performances."
Dani Pedrosa, france


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HII begins fabrication of US Navy's 13th San Antonio-class ship LPD-29
Fabrication of the US Navy's 13th San Antonio-class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock ship, Richard M McCool Jr (LPD 29), has begun at Huntington Ingalls Industries' (HII) shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi.
Rendering of LPD 29. Credit: HII.
Fabrication of the US Navy's 13th San Antonio-class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock ship, Richard M McCool Jr (LPD 29), has begun at Huntington Ingalls Industries' (HII) shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi.
The company has successfully cut the first 100t of steel for the navy vessel as part of the development.
Program Executive Office (PEO) Ships LPD 17-class programme manager captain Brian Metcalf said: "We are excited to commence fabrication on the 13th and final ship of the LPD 17 Flight I class.
"The 684ft-long navy vessels are capable of accommodating approximately 720 troops and can transport and unload air cushion or amphibious assault vehicles."
"We continue to benefit from the maturity of this programme, and look forward to achieving future production milestones as we work to deliver this versatile and capable warship to the fleet."
The US Navy's San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock ships have been designed to transport and deploy the necessary combat and support systems of the Marines' expeditionary units and brigades.
The 684ft-long navy vessels are capable of accommodating approximately 720 troops and can transport and unload air cushion or amphibious assault vehicles.
In addition, they can carry virtually every size of US Marine Corps helicopter, along with the Bell Boeing MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor military aircraft.
LPD 17-class ships can be deployed to embark and land marines, their equipment and supplies ashore using air cushion or conventional landing craft and amphibious assault vehicles.
The US Navy initially awarded a $1.43bn, fixed-price incentive contract to HII's Ingalls Shipbuilding division on 16 February for the detail design and development of LPD 29.
A total of 11 San Antonio-class ships have been delivered to the US Navy to date.
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When I try to process my CSV dataset on HDFS using Spark, I get error messages "java.io.IOException: Unterminated quoted field at the end of the file"
Your dataset probably has multi-line records, which cannot be processed in Spark.
Spark and Hadoop work by cutting input data files in segments and processing them in parallel. For CSV files, they cut at an arbitrary point in the file and look for an end-of-line and start processing from here.
Thus, it is not really possible to process multi-line records in Spark (or Hadoop), since it might cut at the wrong place. We strongly recommend that you start by syncing your CSV dataset to a Parquet or ORC one (using the local DSS engine instead of Hadoop or Spark). As soon as you are on a "non-textual" format, you won't have issues anymore.


For years, it's been one of the world's biggest mysteries, striking fear into the hearts of sailors and pilots, and leaving even the greatest scientists confused.
But, now, the reason why the infamous Bermuda Triangle has claimed so many ships and aircraft may finally have been discovered.
At least, scientists believe they may be one step closer to solving the mystery, after they found a series of craters off the coast of Norway, reports the Daily Mail.
But Norway is nowhere near the Bermuda Triangle, we hear you cry!
Even so, scientists who found the half mile-wide and 150 feet deep craters in the Barents Sea believe they were created by methane building up and bursting under the seabed.
They're now speculating this is what also happens in the Bermuda Triangle, a loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, roughly between Florida, Bermuda and Puerto Rico.
Multiple giant craters exist on the sea floor in an area in the west-central Barents Sea and are probably a cause of enormous blowouts of gas. The crater area is likely to represent one of the largest hotspots for shallow marine methane release in the Arctic.
The scientists added that the explosions causing the craters to open up could potentially pose risks to vessels travelling on the Barents Sea.
It has been a theory for a while among certain experts that this is precisely what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, and this new evidence in another area could well substantiate those suspicions.
Scientists are now looking at whether the bursting of these bubbles is sufficient enough to sink ships and they'll present their findings next month.
Then again, it could all be down to aliens or crazy amounts of electromagnetic energy emanating from an invisible island. Who knows?


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Флаг муниципального образования «Город Ка́менск-Шахти́нский» Ростовской области Российской Федерации — опознавательно-правовой знак, служащий официальным символом муниципального образования.

Ныне действующий флаг утверждён 25 ноября 2015 года решением Каменск-Шахтинской городской думы № 21 и внесён в Государственный геральдический регистр с присвоением регистрационного номера 10713.

Описание
«Прямоугольное двухстороннее полотнище с отношением ширины к длине 2:3, состоящее из двух равных вертикальных полос белого (у древка) и красного цвета. На полотнище воспроизведены фигуры герба города Каменск-Шахтинский, выполненные белым, жёлтым, оранжевым, голубым и чёрным цветом».

Геральдическое описание герба гласит: «В рассечённом серебряном и червлёном поле над положенными в оконечности узким выщерблено-изогнутым поясом, переменяющим цвета с лазури на серебро — золотая, согнутая в кольцо посолонь, ветвь о трёх листах (два и один при счёте справа налево), внутри которой в лазоревом поле — обращённый влево, идущий золотой олень, поражённый в спину чёрной стрелой в перевязь. Между ветвью и поясом — золотые копьё с четырёхугольным флажком и шашка (остриём вниз) накрест».

Обоснование символики
Символика флага, разработанного на основе герба города Каменск-Шахтинский, впитала в себя символы веры, справедливости, милосердия, смирения, могущества, знатности, постоянства и богатства.

Полотнище флага составлено из двух равных частей. Часть полотнища белого цвета символизирует чистоту, надежду, справедливость и благородство. Часть полотнища красного цвета символизирует труд, мужество, смелость и великодушие.

Ветка одолень-травы, загнутая в круг посолонь (когда листья ветки расположены по ходу солнца), с изображением внутри её фигуры раненого оленя (древнего символа казаков Дона) — символ спасения и воскрешения. Олень (символ мужества и чести), питаясь одолень-травой, залечит раны, наберётся сил и вновь возродится. Три листка травы символизируют трёхсотлетие города Каменск-Шахтинского (которое состоялось в 1971 году).

Сдвоенный выщербленный (наподобие речной ряби) пояс символизирует реку Северский Донец и речку Каменка. Здесь на месте их слияния по решению казацкого круга и войскового атамана в 22-й день сентября 1671 года дозволено было казакам поставить городок, укрепить и держать неотложный караул. Название города дала речка Каменка.

Перекрещённые копьё и шашка — орудия ратного труда, поскольку защита Отечества была, есть и будет самым священным трудом для казаков. Шашка, положенная остриём вниз, накрест с копьём — символ готовности карать или миловать, так как у казаков войсковая сабля является также и «мечом правосудия».

Голубой цвет (лазурь) — символ возвышенных устремлений, искренности, преданности, возрождения.

Жёлтый цвет (золото) — символ высшей ценности, величия, богатства, урожая.

Чёрный цвет символизирует благоразумие, мудрость, скромность, честность.

История
Первый флаг города Каменск-Шахтинский был утверждён городской Думой в 1996 году.

Описание
«Флаг представляет собой полотнище с пропорциями 2×3, разделённое по вертикали на равные белую и красную части. В центре в 1/3 от верхнего края над расположенным в 1/3 от нижнего края узким сине-голубым, выщербленно-изогнутым поясом — изображена золотая, согнутая в кольцо ветвь, внутри которой на лазоревом поле изображён идущий золотой олень, пронзённый чёрной стрелой».

Обоснование символики
Флаг города разработан на основе герба муниципального образования «Город Каменск-Шахтинский».

Белый цвет полотнища символизирует чистоту, надежду, справедливость и благородство.

Красный цвет символизирует любовь, мужество, смелость и великодушие.

В центре флага на голубом фоне изображён идущий золотой олень, пронзённый чёрной стрелой, взятый с древнего герба казаков Дона. Олень символ мужества и чести мужчин. Голубой цвет символизирует — целомудрие, честность, верность и безупречность женщин.

Олень окружён согнутой в кольцо одолень-травой с тремя листками. Олень, питаясь одолень-травой, залечит раны, наберётся сил и вновь возродится. Три листка травы символизируют трёхсотлетие города Каменск-Шахтинского. Когда городу будет 400 лет, в венок будет добавлен ещё один, четвёртый листок.

Волнистая полоса символизирует реку Северский Донец. Здесь на реке Северский Донец и речке Каменка по решению круга и войскового атамана в 22-й день сентября 1671 года дозволено казакам поставить городок, укрепить и держать неотложный караул. Название города от речки Каменка.

Вся символика флага символизирует веру, справедливость, милосердие, смирение, могущество, знатность, постоянство и богатство.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Каменск познавательный: Кубышка, верные жены и миллион лет на стебельке каменского герба

Флаги с изображением оленя
Флаги с изображением стрелы
Флаги с изображением шашки
Флаги с изображением копья

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Home » Entrepreneurship » 10 Most Active Angel Investors In India (2022)
10 Most Active Angel Investors In India (2022)
04/06/2022 11/05/2022 by Rupparna Datta
With India being rolled the red carpet for its big boy entry of 42 startups into the "Unicorn baby" club, it is time that the world sits up and takes notice. Who are these top angel investors in India who are making it Big and helping others too on the way? What is their modus operandi and how can you get angel investments from these top guns in business? Let us help you unpack information about the top 10 angel investors in India.
The year 2021 saw the startup ecosystem cross $100 Bn in receiving funding since 2014, thanks to the rapidly growing angel networks in India. Over $42 Bn was invested in startups, by far the highest amount raised by Indian startups in a single year. So, the question lies, how to get top angel investors in India?
Who is an angel investor?
Is there a difference between venture capitalists and angel investors?
Top 10 Angel Investors You Should Know About
1. TV Mohandas Pai
2. Ratan Tata
3. Kunal Shah
4. Anupam Mittal
5. Gaurav Munjal
6. Sahil Barua
7. Ritesh Agarwal
8. Ashneer Grover
9. Ankur Warikoo
10. Anjali Bansal
According to Forbes, Angel investors are individuals who offer promising startup companies funding in exchange for a piece of the business, usually in the form of equity or royalties.
The entrepreneurial wave has come to India and so has the American reality TV show Shark tank with famous Indian angel investors as hungry sharks. The judging panel of the investment ready sharks includes Indian angel investors such as:
Ashneer Grover (MD and Co-Founder of BharatPe)
Anupam Mittal (Founder & CEO of People Group)
Aman Gupta (Co-Founder & CMO of boat)
Vineeta Singh (CEO & Co-Founder of SUGAR Cosmetics)
Namita Thapar (Executive Director at Emcure Pharma)
Peyush Bansal (Founder & CEO of Lenskart.com)
Ghazal Alagh (Co-Founder & CIO of Mamaearth)
Angel investors tend to get involved in the early stage of a company, at the "seed" or "angel" funding phase. That means the investment can flow in when the company exists only as an idea, or it could come when a business is already up and running.
It may come from close networks and family who believe that the idea has the potential to take off. Typically, initial business funding isn't substantial—it's common for founders to roll out their product or service with $10,000 or so in initial funding. Angel investors are literally the 1st ones to take out cash to start a business.
Their role is to get the company to showcase the product or stand up, typically before a company requires a more sizable investment from a venture capital company. Angel investors help businesses to land on their feet.
Angel networks in India consist of some of the top angel investors in India like Amit Lakhotia, Kunal Shah, Rohit Bansal, Kunal Shah, Rajan Anandan, etc.
Angel investors are private investors who invest their own money. Angel investors can be typically HNI – High Net Worth Individuals hence the amounts tend to be smaller and the risk-taking appetite is small too. Venture capitalists are known to take a seat at the board to help the company take off and closely monitor the business growth of the company.
So, here are the Top 10 Most Active Angel Investors In India For Startups
A law graduate of Bangalore University, he has come a long way from being on board of Infosys as Chief Financial Officer to now a Padma Shri Awardee. He is also the co-founder of Akshaya Patra, the world's largest midday meal program, and works actively with government and regulators on policy recommendations and guidelines.
He has served as the Chairman of the Board of SEBI and is now a Board Member of the National Stock Exchange in India. He has emerged as one of India's most prolific angel investors. His role as an angel investor has helped start over 10 different funds in venture, growth, and public markets.
He also leads a private equity fund – Aarin Capital – along with Manipal Group Chairman Ranjan Pai which invests in life sciences and education companies. A selection of the companies includes Byju's, Counsyl, ZoomCar, Praxify, YourStory, and Licious.
He has over 20 companies as part of his portfolio and is still investing and helping India's business ecosystem grow. You can find him on
Mr. Ratan N Tata was the Chairman of Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata group, from 1991 till his retirement on December 28, 2012. During his tenure, the group's revenues grew manifold, totaling over $100 billion in 2011-12.
After retirement, Mr. Tata has been conferred the honorary title of Chairman Emeritus of Tata Sons, Tata Industries, Tata Motors, Tata Steel, and Tata Chemicals.
Mr. Tata was the chairman of major Tata companies, including Tata Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Power, Tata Global Beverages, Tata Chemicals, Indian Hotels, and Tata Teleservices.
He is also associated with various organizations in India and overseas. Mr. Tata is on the international advisory boards of Mitsubishi Corporation and JP Morgan Chase.
He is the Chairman of the Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Allied Trusts, and the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and the Allied Trusts. He is the Chairman of the Council of Management of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.
He also serves on the board of trustees of Cornell University and the University of Southern California. No wonder, an illustrious individual like Ratan Tata felt the need to become an angel investor to help others grow too.
The Government of India honored Mr. Tata with its second-highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2008.
Ratan Tata, the chairman emeritus of the Tata Group, and of the most respected Indian angel investor, has invested in over two dozen startups, including furniture e-tailer Urban Ladder, digital payments app Paytm, ride-hailing company Ola and its electric vehicle arm Ola Electric Mobility.
Ratan Tata has a few suggestions for young startups, entrepreneurs, and investors. He believes in the intent of the founders rather than the numbers. He likes to look for a fire in the belly of the entrepreneur to look for new puzzles and solve them. He wants to utilize his personal wealth as an angel investor to fund causes and social enterprises. You should read the story of how he met his business assistant Shantanu Naidu.
He is a notorious serial entrepreneur and helps others like him through angel investing. After founding Freecharge, he tops the list of entrepreneurs with the most number of investments in startups that may turn unicorns in the next few years. His portfolio boasts of 100+ companies. As an angel investor, his portfolio is bound to impress.
With awards and epithets like being featured in Fortune 40 under 40, and Economic Times 40 under his belt, he shows no signs of slowing down. When asked why he does not own a designer car, his response was " I would rather fuel other's dreams with the money".
Now with Credpay which has taken the industry by the storm, this angel investor aims to make a foray into healthcare and education.
Check out this interview – UNICORN Cred Founder Kunal Shah's Powerful Tips For Wealth & Success.
Mittal is one of India's early techpreneurs in India who founded internet companies even before the internet bubble. Under his parent company People Group, he has also produced Bollywood movies. He gained popularity when he appeared as one of the sharks in the reality television series Shark Tank India.
During the first season of Shark Tank India, Mittal has invested ₹5.338 crores in 24 companies. Being an angel investor was the most logical next step in his entrepreneurial journey. This makes him one of the top Indian angel investors.
His angel investing journey has been interesting. In 2011, someone shared about Ola Cabs to Mittal, a tech company that allows booking a taxi from the phone. Initially, Mittal rejected the idea, and one day when he traveled to Delhi and wasn't able to find a taxi, this clicked with him, and decided to make the investment in Ola Cabs.
Mittal was awarded as Outstanding Serial Entrepreneur and Angel Investor by The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE) Mumbai in its second year of the "Hall of Fame" 2020 awards. This angel investor has also been named in BusinessWeek's list of 50 Most Powerful People in India.
This interview of 2011 shows how far ahead of his time did he project today's India. BBC Interviews Anupam Mittal
Gaurav Munjal has an impressive portfolio of over 20 companies that he has invested in. Gaurav Munjal has 2 current jobs as Co-founder and CEO at Unacademy and Founder at Flatchat. Additionally, Gaurav Munjal has had 2 past jobs including Software Developer at Directi.
He graduated from NMIMS University Mumbai with a B.Tech in Computer Engineering. He worked his way up as a software engineering intern. With the launch of Relevel which matches the market with participants, he is hitting new milestones.
Being a top angel investor in India has helped him build a diverse portfolio and expand his scope of doing and growing businesses apart from the ones he founded and managed.
Read More: Top 10 Investors In India (2022 Updated)
With his hands in 13 companies Sahil Barua is one of the top Indian angel investors. A graduate of NIT-K in mechanical engineering and an IIM graduate, he has made his way up with the logistics company Delhivery which has now become a Unicorn. He made it to Forbes 30-under 30 list.
His start-up journey started by trying to solve a small problem – logistics in any eCommerce. Barua and his two colleagues thought there was a gap in the business model of the Zomato model because Zomato lacked delivery boys to deliver hyper-locally.
The only thing left was to look for delivery boys, and they found them from a restaurant that was closing down by absorbing those who would be laid off. Such problem-solving capabilities come naturally to this angel investor, as far as we know.
Little that people know is that he is also a philanthropist who shies away from the limelight.
Featuring in Forbes 30 under 30, his story is impressive. Being the youngest self-made entrepreneur in spite of being a school dropout, he inspires so many up-and-coming entrepreneurs. He has won the Thiel fellowship in 2013, post which he launched OYO rooms.
He recently launched an early-stage VC fund, Aroa ventures, to invest in growth-stage businesses in the technology and leisure infrastructure sectors. With investments in Unacademy, Agrowave, and Easy Eat, being an angel investor comes as second nature to him.
An IIT Delhi graduate and an IIM graduate, the litany of his achievements starts as the Vice president of Kotak investment banking in 2006 and starting Bharatpe in 2018, which is currently India's most-used app for UPI payments. After his Sharktank success, there was some mudslinging between Ashneer Grover and the board of BharatPe post where he started his own Venture Capital Fund.
In Shark Tank, he was the most difficult to impress, and yet, his investment decisions were sound. His major areas of investment as an angel investor are EduTech, FinTech, and payments. Clocking 329 million dollars for at least 22 investments, he is ready to unleash the potential of capital in the market.
This angel investor needs no introduction. "Do Epic Shit" is what he lives, eats, and breathes. He is a YouTuber, storyteller, and educator in addition to being an angel investor. For him, awareness is everything. Check out his website AnkurWarikoo to know more about him.
He has been in the angel networks in India for a long time now, investing since 2015, and has made 20+ investments. Still, his true joy lies in mentoring and coaching founders to get the right fit for their product, attract and retain talent, and emotional management.
Read More: Top 10 richest persons in India in 2022. Who's gonna break the bank?
Anjali is the Founder and Chairperson of Avaana Capital, supporting future market leaders leveraging tech-led innovation to catalyze climate action and sustainability and deliver exponential returns. She was previously Global Partner and Managing Director with TPG Growth PE, Global Partner with Spencer Stuart and India CEO, and strategy consultant with McKinsey and Co in New York and India.
She is the former non-executive Chairperson of Dena Bank where she successfully led the resolution of the stressed bank.
This angel investor has been appointed to the Expert Advisory Committee for the Start-Up India Seed Fund Scheme announced by the Honorable Prime Minister. She is also on the PM's NITI Aayog Evolution Review Committee and is closely associated with the NITI Aayog Women Entrepreneurship Platform, Digital Platforms, and Atal Innovation Mission.
She has been an active angel investor and mentor in companies including Delhivery, Nykaa, Safari, Alphavector, Lenskart, UrbanClap, Darwinbox, and Loantap.
She serves as an independent non-executive director on the boards of Piramal Enterprises, Siemens Ltd, Tata Power, Voltas, Kotak AMC, and Delhivery.
She has been on the Advisory Board of the Columbia University Global Centers, South Asia. Previously, she was Chairperson of the India Board of Women's World Banking, a leading global livelihood-promoting institution, and continues to be an advisor to SEWA.
She has previously served on the public boards of GSK Pharma and Bata. She is a charter member of TiE, served on the managing committee of the Indian Venture Capital Association, mentor to Facebook SheLeadsTech, NITI Aayog's Atal Innovation Mission. With such achievements, her identity as an angel investor just became more multidimensional.
She has been elected President of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry. An active contributor to the dialogue on corporate governance and diversity, Anjali is on the CII National Committee for Corporate Governance, and co-founded and chaired the FICCI Center for Corporate Governance program for Women on Corporate Boards. She is a member of the Young Presidents' Organization.
Listed as one of the "Most Powerful Women in Indian Business" by India's leading publication, Business Today, and by Fortune India, Anjali is a frequent speaker at forums like Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, IVCA, BSE, and jury member for awards including ET 40 Under 40, Women Ahead, CEO Awards, VC Circle, AIWMI Wealth Awards and others.
She has a BE in Computer Engineering and Masters in International Finance and Business from Columbia University. Anjali is among the top angel investors in India.
Read More: Top 10 Financial Blogs in India (2022 Updated)
WithWith this comprehensive list of these Indian angel investors, it is about time to sit down and work on the idea that has the potential to attract their eyes and brains. When it is all about "Grow big and Fail fast", do not be deterred.
You will always find the resilience and support system to bounce back. Send this article to your friends, colleagues, and partners and nudge them towards taking the 1st step towards owning their business. Do let us know what you think, we will come back bigger and better in terms of content and curation!
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Rupparna Datta
Rupparna is a development professional by training and a gourmand by passion. She loves reading and writing about food, geopolitics, law & social development. As diverse the interests, so are the writing styles she adopts. When she is not reading or writing, she can be found playing with puppies and sipping G&Ts.


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Counterterror Adviser Defends Jihad as 'Legitimate Tenet of Islam'
By Foxnews.com
The president's top counterterrorism adviser on Wednesday called jihad a "legitimate tenet of Islam," arguing that the term "jihadists" should not be used to describe America's enemies.
During a speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, John Brennan described violent extremists as victims of "political, economic and social forces," but said that those plotting attacks on the United States should not be described in "religious terms."
He repeated the administration argument that the enemy is not "terrorism," because terrorism is a "tactic," and not terror, because terror is a "state of mind" — though Brennan's title, deputy national security adviser for counterterrorism and homeland security, includes the word "terrorism" in it. But then Brennan said that the word "jihad" should not be applied either.
"Nor do we describe our enemy as 'jihadists' or 'Islamists' because jihad is a holy struggle, a legitimate tenet of Islam, meaning to purify oneself or one's community, and there is nothing holy or legitimate or Islamic about murdering innocent men, women and children," Brennan said.
The technical, broadest definition of jihad is a "struggle" in the name of Islam and the term does not connote "holy war" for all Muslims. However, jihad frequently connotes images of military combat or warfare, and some of the world's most wanted terrorists including Osama bin Laden commonly use the word to call for war against the West.
Brennan defined the enemy as members of bin Laden's Al Qaeda network and "its terrorist affiliates."
But Brennan argued that it would be "counterproductive" for the United States to use the term, as it would "play into the false perception" that the "murderers" leading war against the West are doing so in the name of a "holy cause."
"Moreover, describing our enemy in religious terms would lend credence to the lie propagated by Al Qaeda and its affiliates to justify terrorism — that the United States is somehow at war against Islam," he said.
The comment comes after Brennan, in a February speech in which he described his respect for the tolerance and devotion of Middle Eastern nations, referred to Jerusalem on first reference by its Arabic name, Al-Quds.
"In all my travels the city I have come to love most is al-Quds, Jerusalem, where three great faiths come together," Brennan said at an event co-sponsored by the White House Office of Public Engagement and the Islamic Center at New York University and the Islamic Law Students Association at NYU.
Categories: Terrorism, U.S. Foreign PolicyBy The Jerusalem Connection June 2, 2010 Leave a comment
Tags: brennanJihadterrorist
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La estación Kraainem/Crainhem es una estación del sistema de metro de Bruselas sita en la municipalidad belga de Woluwe-St.-Lambert/St.-Lambrechts-Woluwe, en Bruselas. Desde el 4 de abril de 2009, la estación da servicio a la línea 1, anteriormente conocida como 1B.

Se localiza en la intersección de la Wezembeeklaan / Avenue de Wezembeek, Mounierlaan / Avenue Mounier, y Kraainemlaan / Avenue de Kraainem. Tiene un gran aparcamiento disuasorio a su alrededor, y también es el término de un número de rutas de autobús regional de De Lijn, al igual que para las rutas de autobús 30 y 31.

La estación fue inaugurada en 1988, con la extensión del ramal este de la línea 1B desde Alma hasta Stockel/Stokkel. Debido a su emplazamiento en un aparcamiento, es una de las pocas estaciones del metro de esta ciudad que tiene el edificio a nivel del suelo, y no construido bajo tierra; la mayoría tienen un entresuelo subterráneo.

Originalmente, la estación se llamaba exclusivamente Kraainem, usando exclusivamente su topónimo holandés, pues técnicamente tiene el nombre de la Kraainemlaan/ Avenue de Kraainem, una carretera que usa el mismo nombre tanto en holandés como en francés, y no por la cercana municipalidad de Kraainem. De todas formas, la comunidad francoparlante de Bruselas protestó con rapidez contra lo que veían como una violación de las facilidades bilingües e insistieron en que la forma francesa, Crainhem, fuera añadida al nombre de la estación. Irónicamente, el nombre Crainhem no es francés en absoluto, sino una forma obsoleta del topónimo en holandés.

Por ello, hoy se piensa que la estación se llama así por la municipalidad de Kraainem, aun a pesar de no encontrarse en su territorio.

Kraainem/Crainhem


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Q: Is there any way we can use the data cached by apollo after a query similar to React's useState? Will there be double store of data if I use useState? I am using a GraphQL as an API for one my NextJS application. I want to manipulate the data queried using filters and other client interacting activities. The only way for me to accomplish that is by using React' useState() but I think using it will just be redundant as GraphQL also by default stores the queried data. So, Is there any way I can use cached data of Apollo GraphQL or I am misleading something here. I am new to Apollo Grpahql.
const GET_MOVIES = gql`
    query GetMovies{
        movies{
            id
            name
            genre
            yearReleased
            rating
        }
    }
`

const {data, loading, error, refetch} = useQuery(GET_MOVIES);

const [allMovies, setAllMovies] = useState(data);

A: If you know your data is already cached, you can just query the cache using fetchPolicy: 'cache-only' - that will not hit the network. For me that's the simplest because the API is the same as getting data from the server.
Alternatively you can read/write to the cache yourself directly. [docs]

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In September 2005, Impetus Trust, the UK's first venture philanthropy fund, and CAF (Charities Aid Foundation) launched a pioneering investment collaboration. This was Impetus's fifth investment but their first co-investment. It was CAF's first collaboration with another funder through their Collaborative Fund.
The organization selected to invest in was Naz Project London (NPL), which provides sexual health and HIV prevention and support services to Black and minority ethnic communities. NPL will receive a total of £275,000 core funding over four years, but what else will it receive in the way of support? What does a venture philanthropy investment really offer a charity? This article is the first in a series of three projected articles that will track the relationship between NPL on the one hand and Impetus and CAF on the other.
See also the case study titled "Balancing on a Wobble Board."