A version of this story was originally posted on this site in late June 2008. But in light of yesterday's story in the Washington Examiner regarding the Obama You Don't Know, it is an appropriate time for its re-telling.
Below is the updated story of how State Senator Barack Obama pushed through and protected a housing development deal for Tony Rezko and Valerie Jarret , and how from day-one the housing was a nightmare for its low-income residents.
Tony Rezko and Six of his real estate partners were involved in the deal , they all provided tons of cash to Obama's campaign fund. The residents received much less than what they paid for. It was managed by Senior White House Adviser Valerie Jarrett. Her company managed the property as its moved from a low-income housing project to a hell-hole.
The name of the development was Grove Parc Plaza, it contained 504 apartments and sat in the district Barack Obama represented for eight years as a State Senator. The federal government subsidized the apartments for people who can't afford to live anywhere else. The problem is that it wasn't safe to live there.
In June of 2008 ninety-nine of the apartments were empty, most of them were totally dilapidated as the result of problems that were never fixed such as collapsed roofs and fire damage. Mice scampered through the halls. Sewage backed up into kitchen sinks. In 2006, federal inspectors graded the condition of the complex an 11 on a 100-point scale - a score so bad the buildings were demolished soon after this investigation was published by the Boston Globe.
Grove Parc has become a symbol for some in Chicago of the broader failures of giving public subsidies to private companies to build and manage affordable housing - an approach strongly backed by Obama as the best replacement for public housing.
Grove Parc, like Solyndra, like the Small Pox vaccine that doesn't work, like the auto bailout and other prominent failures once he moved to the White House, was the result of crony capitalism. The site was developed and managed by Obama's close friends and political supporters who profited from government subsidies even as many of Obama's constituents suffered. Tenants lost their homes and the surrounding neighborhoods became decrepit.
"No one should have to live like this, and no one did anything about it," said Cynthia Ashley, who has lived at Grove Parc since 1994.
Obama's campaign, in a written response to Globe questions, affirmed the candidate's support of public-private partnerships as an alternative to public housing, saying that Obama has "consistently fought to make livable, affordable housing in mixed-income neighborhoods available to all."
The campaign did not respond to questions about whether Obama was aware of the problems with buildings in his district during his time as a state senator, nor did it comment on the roles played by people connected to the senator.
Perhaps they didn't comment because he couldn't blame Bush. Obama worked with an interesting cast of characters on the project.
Valerie Jarrett was the chief executive of Habitat Co., which managed Grove Parc Plaza from 2001 until this winter and co-managed an even larger subsidized complex in Chicago that was seized by the federal government in 2006, after city inspectors found over 1,800 violations.
Jarret was a big advocate of Obama's policy of She that public-private partnerships are superior to public housing.
"Government is just not as good at owning and managing as the private sector because the incentives are not there," said Jarrett, whose company manages more than 23,000 apartments. "I would argue that someone living in a poor neighborhood that isn't 100 percent public housing is by definition better off."
Over a decade, Davis's companies received more than $100 million in subsidies to renovate more than 1,500 Chicago apartments. In some cases he partnered with Tony Rezko. In 1998 they created Neighborhood Rejuvenation Partners LLP. The partnership created New Evergreen/Sedgwick, a $10.7 million renovation of five walk-up buildings in a gentrifying neighborhood that was subsidized by nearly $6 million in state loans and federal tax credits.
This was made possible by a $1 million investment provided by the Woods Fund while Obama and Bill Ayers were on the board. (Another big Woods Fund recipient while they served was the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now, was "ACORN)." Maintenance conditions at New Evergreen/Sedgwick deteriorated rapidly, including plumbing failures that channeled sewage into apartments. New Evergreen/Sedgwick was managed by a company run by Allison Davis's son, Cullen Davis, also an Obama campaign contributor.
Antoin "Tony" Rezko, was the most important fund-raiser for Obama's early political campaigns and a friend who helped the Obamas buy his home in 2005.
Rezko's company used subsidies to rehabilitate more than 1,000 apartments, mostly in and around Obama's district, then refused to manage the units, leaving the buildings to decay to the point where many no longer were habitable.
Campaign finance records show that six prominent developers - including Jarrett, Davis, and Rezko - collectively contributed more than $175,000 to Obama's campaigns over the last decade and raised hundreds of thousands more from other donors. Rezko alone raised at least $200,000, by Obama's own accounting.
The story of Grove Parc begins with Mayor Richard M. Daley, who was elected in 1989. Under Daley the city launched a massive plan to let private companies tear down the projects and build mixed-income communities on the same land.
The city also hired private companies to manage the remaining public housing. And it subsidized private companies to create and manage new affordable housing, some of which was used to accommodate tenants displaced from public housing.
Chicago's plans drew critics from the start. They asked why the government should pay developers to perform a basic public service - one successfully performed by governments in other cities. And they noted that privately managed projects had a history of deteriorating because guaranteed government rent subsidies left companies with little incentive to spend money on maintenance.
"They are rapidly displacing poor people, and these companies are profiting from this displacement," said Matt Ginsberg-Jaeckle of Southside Together Organizing for Power, a community group that seeks to help tenants stay in the same neighborhoods.
"The same exact people who ran these places into the ground," the private companies paid to build and manage the city's affordable housing, "now are profiting by redeveloping them."
Barack Obama was among the many Chicago residents who shared Daley's conviction that private companies would make better landlords than the Chicago Housing Authority, which is something most conservatives would agree with providing it was free of cronyism.
He [Obama]once told the Chicago Tribune that he had briefly considered becoming a developer of affordable housing. But after graduating from Harvard Law School in 1991, he turned down a job with Tony Rezko's development company, Rezmar, choosing instead to work at the civil rights law firm Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, then led by Allison Davis.
The firm represented a number of nonprofit companies that were partnering with private developers to build affordable housing with government subsidies.
... In 2001, Obama and a Republican colleague, William Peterson, sponsored a successful bill that increased state subsidies for private developers. The law let developers designated by the state raise up to $26 million a year by selling tax credits to Illinois residents. For each $1 in credits purchased, the buyer was allowed to decrease his taxable income by 50 cents.
Obama also cosponsored the original version of a bill creating an annual fund to subsidize rents for extremely low-income tenants, although it did not pass until 2005, after he had left the state Senate.
"He was very passionate about the issues," said Julie Dworkin of the Chicago Coalition for the Homeless, who worked with Obama on affordable housing issues. "He was someone we could go to and count on him to be there."
The developers gave Obama their financial support. Jarrett, Davis, and Rezko all served on Obama's campaign finance committee when he won a seat in the US Senate in 2004.
Obama has continued to support increased subsidies as a presidential candidate, calling for the creation of an Affordable Housing Trust Fund, which could distribute an estimated $500 million a year to developers. The money would be siphoned from the profits of two mortgage companies created and supervised by the federal government, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
And we all know that Fannie and Freddie had money to spare?!?!?
"I will restore the federal government's commitment to low-income housing," Obama wrote last September in a letter to the Granite State Organizing Project, an umbrella group for several dozen New Hampshire religious, community, and political organizations. He added, "Our nation's low-income families are facing an affordable housing crisis, and it is our responsibility to ensure this crisis does not get worse by ineffective replacement of existing public-housing units."
One of the earliest public-private partnerships of the type supported by Daley and Obama took place in the Woodlawn neighborhood, a checkerboard of battered apartment buildings and vacant lots just south of the University of Chicago.
Grove Parc Plaza opened there in 1990 as a redevelopment of an older housing complex. The buildings had a new owner and a major renovation funded by the federal government. Even the name Grove Parc Plaza was new.
The owner, a local nonprofit company called Woodlawn Preservation and Investment Corp., was led by two of the neighborhood's most powerful ministers, Arthur Brazier and Leon Finney. Obama had relationships with both men. In 1999, he donated $500 of his campaign funds to another of their community groups, The Woodlawn Organization.
Woodlawn Preservation hired a private management firm, William Moorehead and Associates, to oversee the complex. In 2001, the company lost that contract and a contract to manage several public housing projects for allegedly failing to do its job. The company's head, William Moorehead, was subsequently convicted of embezzling almost $1 million in management fees.
Woodlawn Preservation hired a new property manager, Habitat Co. At the time, the company was headed by its founder, Daniel Levin, also a major contributor to Obama's campaigns. Valerie Jarrett was executive vice president.
Residents say the complex deteriorated under Moorehead's management and continued to decline after Habitat took over. A maintenance worker at the complex says money often wasn't even available for steel wool to plug rat holes. But as late as 2003, a routine federal inspection still gave conditions at Grove Parc a score of 82 on a 100-point scale.
When inspectors returned in 2005, they found conditions were significantly worse. Inspectors gave the complex a score of 56 and warned that improvements were necessary. They returned the following year and found things had reached a new low. Grove Parc got a score of 11 and a final warning. Three months later, inspectors found there had been insufficient improvements and moved to seize the complex from Woodlawn Preservation.
After negotiations with tenants, the government agreed to allow a new company, Preservation of Affordable Housing, a Boston-based firm, to replace Habitat as the manager of Grove Parc. The company is negotiating to buy the development, which would then be demolished and replaced with new housing.
The Woodlawn and Habitat (Jarrett) people made excuses for the disrepair.
Officials at Woodlawn Preservation say the government didn't give them enough money to properly maintain Grove Parc. Habitat's Jarrett declined to comment on Grove Parc in particular but said it is hard to manage something you don't own.
But other Chicago developers and housing activists say federal subsidies can be adequate if managed properly. They say Grove Parc stands apart for how badly it fell into disrepair.
In other words the took the money and made the tenants live in squalor.
"Grove Parc is quite an exception to what we've normally done because it's in such bad shape," said the nonprofit's chief executive, Amy Anthony. "These complexes are often tired, they're always denser than today's philosophy, but they're not usually anywhere near as deteriorated."
Similar problems also plagued the next generation of affordable housing development in Obama's district, created as part of the Daley administration's efforts to subsidize smaller apartment buildings scattered throughout neighborhoods.
One of the largest recipients of the subsidies was Rezmar Corp., founded in 1989 by Tony Rezko, who ran a company that sold snacks at city beaches, and Daniel Mahru, who ran a company that sold ice to Rezko. Neither man had development experience.
Over the next nine years, Rezmar used more than $87 million in government grants, loans, and tax credits to renovate about 1,000 apartments in 30 Chicago buildings. Companies run by the partners also managed many of the buildings, collecting government rent subsidies.
Rezmar collected millions in development fees but fell behind on mortgage payments almost immediately. On its first project, the city government agreed to reduce the company's monthly payments from almost $3,000 to less than $500.
"In the winter I can feel the cold air coming through the walls and the sockets," said Anthony Frizzell, 57, who has lived for almost two decades in a Rezmar building on South Greenwood Avenue. "They didn't insulate it or nothing."
Sharee Jones, who lives in another former Rezko building one block away, said her apartment was rat-infested for years.
"You could hear them under the floor and in the walls, and they didn't do nothing about it," Jones said.
If you cannot see video below click here.
By the time Rezmar asked Chicago's city government for a loan on its final subsidized development, in 1998, the city's housing commissioner was describing the company in a memo as being in "bad shape." The Daley administration still made the $3.1 million loan.
Of course Daley gave them the cash, this was Chicago. Shortly getting the loan, Rezmar switched from subsidized housing to high-end development, using the money it had made on those subsidized housing develpoments. Rezko's companies also stopped managing the subsidized complexes.
"Affordable housing run by private companies just doesn't work," Mahru, who no longer works with Rezko, said in an interview with the Globe. "It's difficult, if not impossible, for a private company to maintain affordable housing for low-income tenants."
Responsibility for several buildings fell to the Chicago Equity Fund, which had purchased government tax credits from Rezmar to help finance the projects. After Rezko walked away, the fund was obliged to maintain the buildings as affordable housing. If it did not, it would have to repay the government for the tax credits.
The fund found the buildings in terrible condition. In a 2001 plea to the state to temporarily suspend payments on its mortgages, a fund executive wrote that heating problems, lapsed maintenance, and uncollected rent made the buildings almost impossible to manage.
Most of the buildings have since been foreclosed upon, forcing the tenants to find new housing.
All the while, Tony Rezko was forging a close friendship with Barack Obama. When Obama opened his campaign for state Senate in 1995, Rezko's companies gave Obama $2,000 on the first day of fund-raising. Save for a $500 contribution from another lawyer, Obama didn't raise another penny for six weeks. Rezko had essentially seeded the start of Obama's political career.
As Obama ascended, Rezko became one of his largest fund-raisers. And in 2005, Rezko and his wife helped the Obamas purchase the house where they now live.
Eleven of Rezmar's buildings were located in the district represented by Obama, containing 258 apartments. The building without heat in January 1997, the month Obama entered the state Senate, was in his district. So was Jones's building with rats in the walls and Frizzell's building that lacked insulation. And a redistricting after the 2000 Census added another 350 Rezmar apartments to the area represented by Obama.
But Obama has contended that he knew nothing about any problems in Rezmar's buildings.
After Rezko's assistance in Obama's home purchase became a campaign issue, at a time when the developer was awaiting trial in an unrelated bribery case, Obama told the Chicago Sun-Times that the deterioration of Rezmar's buildings never came to his attention. He said he would have distanced himself from Rezko if he had known.
Other local politicians say they knew of the problems.
"I started getting complaints from police officers about particular properties that turned out to be Rezko properties," said Toni Preckwinkle, a Chicago alderman.
She had previously received campaign contributions from Rezmar and said she had regarded the company as a model, one of the city's best affordable housing developers.
But in the early 2000s, she called Rezko to ask for an explanation for the declining conditions. He told her Rezmar was "getting out of the business," she said - walking away from its responsibility for managing the developments.
"I didn't see him nor have anything to do with him after that," she said.
Preckwinkle, who [was]will be an Obama delegate at the  Democratic National Convention, said she would not answer any questions about Obama's role in her district, nor his relationship with Rezko.
Allison Davis left his law firm to pursue a full-time career as an affordable housing developer, funded by subsidies from the Daley administration and aided, at times, by Obama himself.
In several cases, Davis partnered with Tony Rezko. In 1998 the two men created a limited partnership to build an apartment building for seniors on Chicago's South Side. Obama wrote letters on state Senate stationery supporting city and state loans for the project.
In 2000 Davis asked the nonprofit Woods Fund of Chicago for a $1 million investment in a new development partnership, Neighborhood Rejuvenation Partners. Obama, a member of the board, voted in favor, helping Davis secure the investment.
The following year, Davis assembled another partnership to create New Evergreen/Sedgwick, a $10.7 million renovation of five walk-up buildings in a gentrifying neighborhood. The project, a model of small-scale, mixed-income development, was subsidized by almost $6 million in state loans and federal tax credits.
Conditions deteriorated quickly. Chronic plumbing failures consumed the project's financial reserves while leaving undrained sewage in some of the apartments. In October, after repeated complaints from building residents, the city government sued the owners, and a judge imposed a $5,500 fine.


After a few months in the Canary Islands, I've moved back to continental Europe. I spent a couple of weeks in rainy London and then I finally arrived in the lovely village of Fougax et Barrineuf, in southern France on the edge of Pyrenees. It's my first time in Pyrenees and I haven't felt so much at home since leaving New Zealand. So, I couldn't wait to do my first hike here, and because it's good to explore your surroundings first, I've chosen an undemanding walk: La Croix de Millet.
The hike starts at Fontestorbes Fountain. It's a very unique natural phenomena – from July until October, the flow of the water coming out of the cave stops and starts at approximately half hour intervals. The reservoir sealed inside the cave has two outlets which creates a kind of natural pump, depending on the height of the water in the reservoir and resultant change in pressure.
From there, take the path going straight up the slope. You soon hit the road which you follow for a few minutes and then you go down towards a couple of stone buildings. Go right and follow a forest walk up. The forest density steadily grows together with the slope. After about an hour of going up, you eventually come to the Croix de Millet. From there you can oversee all the beauty of the Pyrenees foothills.
From the cross the path follows the ridge back for a bit and then it gradually descends to Bélesta. Like the other villages around, Bélesta's population has been slowly but gradually decreasing over the last few decades. It doesn't stop it from being an admirable mountainish townish.
After crossing the bridge, turn left and follow the yellow marks along the river all the way back to Fougax et Barrineuf. Most of the time you just walk on a gravel road but it's lovely.
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Life Sentence (stylized onscreen as L!fe Sentence) is an American comedy-drama television series, created by Erin Cardillo and Richard Keith, which debuted on The CW as a midseason entry during the 2017–18 television season. The series premiered on March 7, 2018, and concluded on June 15, 2018, with a total of 13 episodes.

On May 8, 2018, The CW cancelled Life Sentence after one season.

Premise
When Stella Abbott finds out her terminal cancer is cured, she is going to have to learn to live with all the choices she made when she decided to "live like she was dying". As she adjusts to her post-cancer world, she learns how her husband and family must also deal with the self-destructive choices they made to help Stella enjoy what they thought were her final years.

Cast and characters

Main
 Lucy Hale as Stella Abbott
 Elliot Knight as Wes Charles
 Jayson Blair as Aiden Abbott
 Brooke Lyons as Elizabeth Abbott Rojas
 Carlos PenaVega as Diego Rojas
 Gillian Vigman as Ida Abbott
 Dylan Walsh as Peter Abbott
 Nadej Bailey as Sadie

Recurring
 Anna Enger as Helena Chang, Stella's doctor.
 Claudia Rocafort as Poppy, Ida's ex-girlfriend and Stella's godmother.
 Dominique Lucky Martell as Fiona Abbott Rojas, Elizabeth and Diego's daughter.
 Noor Anna Maher played the role in the pilot episode.
 Sebastian Vargas as Frank Abbott Rojas, Elizabeth and Diego's son.
 Emanuel Eaton played the role in the pilot episode.
 Alyshia Ochse as Marlene
 Shannon Chan-Kent as Finley, Stella's cynical boss at the coffee shop
 Lindsey Maxwell as Denise
 Riley Smith as Dr. Will Grant, an oncologist with a soft spot for his patients.
 Bre Blair as Lauren
 Rana Roy as Pippa, Wes' ex-fiancée.
 Alyssa Diaz as Kayla, Aiden's friend and coworker.
 Valerie Cruz as Gina, Diego's boss and Peter's love interest.

Episodes
</onlyinclude>

Production
The series was created by Erin Cardillo and Richard Keith for The CW as a midseason entry during the 2017–18 television season. They are also executive producers on the series along with Oliver Goldstick, Bill Lawrence, Jeff Ingold, and director Lee Toland Krieger. The show is produced by In Good Company, Doozer Productions, CBS Television Studios and Warner Bros. Television and filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The series is set in the fictional town of Asheville, Oregon.

The CW officially ordered Life Sentence to series on May 10, 2017. In January 2018, the network announced the premiere date of Life Sentence on March 7, 2018.

On March 30, 2018, The CW announced that Life Sentence would move to Fridays at 9:00 pm, which began with the sixth episode.

Casting
In late January 2017, Lucy Hale was cast as Stella Abbott, followed in February by the casting of Jayson Blair as her older brother, Aiden, and Dylan Walsh as her father, Peter. On February 24, 2017, Gillian Vigman and Brooke Lyons were cast as Ida and Elizabeth, Abbott's mother and sister, respectively. During March 2017, it was announced that Elliot Knight and Carlos PenaVega had joined the cast as Wes, Abbott's husband, and Diego, her brother-in-law, respectively. During September 2017, Riley Smith was cast in the recurring role of Dr. Will Grant, a rough-around-the-edges oncologist with a secret soft spot for his patients.

Filming
Production on the pilot took place from March 15 to March 31, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. Filming moved to Vancouver, British Columbia after being picked up to series. Production began on August 9, 2017, and concluded on January 12, 2018.

Reception

Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 37% based on 19 reviews, and an average rating of 4.47/10. Its critical consensus reads, "Life Sentence avoids asking tough questions about serious issues, settling instead for a cloying sweetness." On Metacritic, which assigns normalized rating to reviews, the series has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Ratings

References

External links

2018 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
2010s American comedy-drama television series
2010s American LGBT-related comedy television series
2010s American LGBT-related drama television series
The CW original programming
Television series about cancer
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Television shows filmed in Atlanta
Television shows filmed in Vancouver

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Q. Is it possible to renew my interlibrary loan book?
I need the book I requested longer than I was given.
Many, but not all, interlibrary loan requests are eligible for renewal. Renewals depend on the library who sent us the book.
Find out if your item can be renewed by logging onto your interlibrary loan account at https://illiad.lib.byu.edu and click the renewal link on your request.
If your renewal request was received by us, you will receive an message saying "We have received your renewal request. We will shortly send you an email with your new due date". You will then get an email within the next few days with your new due date.
If you receive an message saying "We are unable to process your renewal. Please contact us to request your renewal", is not currently eligible for renewal.
If you still need your item and it can't be renewed, contact the Interlibrary Loan office at ill@byu.edu or 801-422-6344. We try to be as helpful as possible in either renewing your items or ordering another copy from a different library.


Okay, I know this is a million years late, but I am finally getting around to uploading pictures and attempting to catch up on all my backlog of blog posts! Here are pictures from our Valentine's Day unit!
Some of the activities I found were heavily Cupid-themed. Since the girls don't know who he is, I decided not to introduce this mythological character right now. I also avoided a lot of the activities and events that I felt promoted the give me-itis. And I tried to downplay the candy focus of Valentine's Day, though that didn't last very long with my girls. Daddy also didn't help in that regard, since he decided the girls needed little heart boxes of chocolate!
We created our first file folder books with Valentine's Day, and that was as much of an experiment for me, as for the girls. I've found that I still don't feel comfortable winging it too much, and prefer the security blanket of detailed, precise, teacher instructions! Oh well, maybe later on.
First, we practiced our cutting skills by teaching the girls how to make hearts by folding the paper in half.
Then, using a full back of the candy hearts, I had Lily sort them by color.
Abby's job was to count the sorted piles and create a graph so we could figure out which color had the most.
What I sadly don't have pictures of was my favorite activity! (I forgot.) I went to dollar store and found packets of those lace doilies like we used to use to make valentines in school. The girls decorated them with coloring and stickers, and we took them up to a local assisted living facility.
This was the same facility that my grandmother stayed in for many years, and so when I told them who I was and my girls had some Valentines to pass out, the director was thrilled to show me the activity room and interrupt the weekly bingo game. Many of the ladies there remembered my grandmother and were completely charmed by the girls and their homemade valentines. And I must say how sweet and loving the girls were to these ladies they didn't even know. They walked right up to each of them, handed them a decorated heart and told them Happy Valentine's Day, even my shy three-year-old! I don't know why their sweet spirits surprise me, but I am so thankful for them! My hope is that we can continue this tradition in the future, to reinforce the concept of showing and sharing our love to others, instead of our society's "What's in it for me" disease.


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Q: Create custom winforms container I want to create a control in winforms with same behavior as the container controls.
I mean: in design mode, when I drop controls in it, it will group then, just like a groupbox.
This control I'm creating contains some other controls AND a GroupBox.
All I need is: when a control is droped in design mode over my custom control, I'll just put it inside the nested GroupBox.
But I can't figure out how make my control respond to that kind of action in design mode.

A: You need to add a Designer attribute to your control, and use a type that derives from or is the ParentControlDesigner Class (needs a reference to the System.Design.dll assembly), like this:
[Designer(typeof(MyCustomControlDesigner1))]
public partial class CustomControl1 : Control
{
    public CustomControl1()
    {
        MyBox = new GroupBox();
        InitializeComponent();
        MyBox.Text = "hello world";
        Controls.Add(MyBox);
    }

    public GroupBox MyBox { get; private set; }
}

public class MyCustomControlDesigner1 : ParentControlDesigner
{
    // When a control is parented, tell the parent is the GroupBox, not the control itself
    protected override Control GetParentForComponent(IComponent component)
    {
        CustomControl1 cc = (CustomControl1)Control;
        return cc.MyBox;
    }
}

A: Maybe this is what you need, I found it at CodeProject a time ago:

Designing Nested Controls:
This article demonstrates how to allow a Control, which is a child of
  another Control to accept having controls dropped onto it at design
  time. It is not a large article, there is not much by way of code, and
  this may not be either the 'official' or best way to do this. It does,
  however, work, and is stable as far as I have been able to test it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home » Art Exhibit » Corey Helford Gallery Presents 'A Journey' by Tina Yu
Corey Helford Gallery
Tina Yu
Corey Helford Gallery Presents 'A Journey' by Tina Yu
Posted by BK on June 28, 2020 in Art Exhibit, Life & Culture | Leave a comment
Downtown Los Angeles' Corey Helford Gallery is proud to announce a solo show from New York-based artist and designer Tina Yu, entitled A Journey, set to premiere Saturday, July 11th in Gallery 3.
Inspired by her childhood, fashion, film, and nature, Yu creates colorful and detailed sculptures using epoxy clay. Her figurines are painstakingly sculpted into mysterious creatures that are ornate, lifelike, and personally meaningful, following her "Double C" (cute and creepy) guiding aesthetic. While one can see the influence of Japanese anime and manga on some of her pieces that feature big heads and kawaii facial expressions; Yu explains that this is influenced by her embracing insecurities she had growing up about her size and the size of her head.
Yu's newest series A Journey is a fantasy world centered around the artist's own rumination on childhood and a celebration of growth. She shares, "The world was smaller and brighter when I was younger, and I want to capture that with my art. As a teenager, my biggest challenge in life was not knowing who I was or who I wanted to be. I felt like I was living up to other people's expectations, whether it was a family member or a teacher, and that has subconsciously affected my artistic identity. Slowly, art becomes therapy for me, a way for me to escape reality and roam around in my imaginary world. In 2016, I graduated from art school and the same year, I made the biggest and scariest but yet, the best decision of my life – to become a freelance artist. For the first time of my life, I felt like I was following my heart and doing something for myself. I think I have found my calling. Gradually, I started developing my own identity in art through sculpting. However, sometimes I feel a little dissociated from my younger self. In the past year, I realized a big part of who I am today has a lot to do with my youth growing up in China.
The characters I created for this show are based on my family, friends, childhood imagination, and things that I loved as a kid. The animal characters in the show have some correlation with my last mini solo show Animal World [premiered at CHG in January 2019]. I created a series of zombie animal characters who died from being abused and then they came back to life as zombies to seek revenge on those who made them suffer. For this show, I've recreated animal characters with new identities. They have been reborn into a new colorful fantasy world where there is no pain and suffering. I hope this collection can remind the audience of the small good things in their lives."
A Journey opens Saturday July 11th from in Gallery 3, alongside a solo show from Hikari Shimoda, entitled Silence and Affirmation, in the Main Gallery and ONCH's Sweet 16 Group Show, co-curated by designer Onch,in Gallery 2. Corey Helford Gallery is located at 571 S. Anderson St. Los Angeles, CA 90033 and normal hours are Tuesday – Saturday, from 12:00 pm – 6:00 pm.
About Tina Yu:
Tina Yu is a New York-based artist from China with a BFA from Pratt Institute. After developing an obsession with sculpting in college, she decided to pursue her passion and bring her creations to life. Yu's aesthetic would best be described by "Double C" – cute and creepy. Drawing inspiration from her childhood, the fashion world, movies, animals, and nature; Yu brings her own flair to the age-old medium. Two questions are sometimes raised about her work: "Why are they nude?" and "Why is the head so big?". She believes that sometimes we forget the fiction and fantasy aspect of art. While one can see the influence of Japanese anime/manga on some of her pieces that feature big heads and kawaii facial expressions; Yu explains that this is influenced by her embracing insecurities she had growing up about her size and the size of her head. While she is happy just bringing her babies through sculpting, she hopes to one day tell their story and bring it all to life in a movie or series.
About Corey Helford Gallery:
Corey Helford Gallery (CHG) was first established in 2006 by Jan Corey Helford and her husband, television producer and creator, Bruce Helford (The Conners, Anger Management, The Drew Carey Show, George Lopez) and has since evolved into one of the premier galleries of New Contemporary art. Its goals as an institution are the support and growth of young and emerging, to well-known and internationally established artists. CHG represents a diverse collection of international artists, primarily influenced by today's pop culture and collectively encompassing style genres such as New Figurative Art, Pop Surrealism, Neo Pop, Graffiti and Street Art. CHG is located in Downtown Los Angeles in a robust 12,000 square foot building presenting new exhibitions approximately every six weeks.
For more info and an upcoming exhibition schedule, visit CoreyHelfordGallery.com and we also wish to thank Jacob Mask from Chummy Press for the media release.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The First Society: The Sacrament of Matrimony and the Restoration of the Social Order
ERP052
Everyone seems to agree that Western Civilization is in trouble. The problem is that no one agrees on what has gone wrong or what to do about it. Some think we have too much government, some not enough; some think we have too much capitalism, some not enough; some think we have too much sexual freedom, some not enough. But what if the problem is much more fundamental? What if the problem goes to the very foundations of who we are as human beings in relationship with God? In The First Society: The Sacrament of Matrimony and the Restoration of the Social Order, Scott Hahn makes the startling claim that our society's ills and its cures are rooted in whether we reject or accept the divine graces made available through the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony. Man, he argues, is social in his very nature. We were created for community. As it was in the beginning, so it remains today. The family, formed through the Sacrament of Matrimony, is the most basic building block of every society—whether we like it or not. We've corrupted marriage, and so we have a corrupt society. If we get marriage right, our society, through God's grace, will flourish.
Praise for The First Society
"As Scott Hahn shows in his inspiring and challenging work, only a society radically obedient, through cooperation with sacramental grace, to the reign of Our Lord, Christ the King, can truly flourish. A society, formed and animated by sacramental grace, is established and flourishes in the very first society, the family. Such a society, in fact, becomes a reality in Christian families who, by their heroic example, witness to the splendor of the truth about marriage."
— Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke, Member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
"Please don't open The First Society expecting a timid sermon. Hahn does not shy away from very direct criticism of secular liberalism as the culprit in undermining both marriage and the just social order. A secular view of marriage, claims Hahn, is as unworkable as a secular view of society. Amen!"
— Benjamin Wiker, Professor of Political Science and Director of Human Life Studies, Franciscan University of Steubenville and author of In Defense of Nature
"Scott Hahn does a masterful job of articulating the central role of marriage in God's plan for bringing the world to his heart. The First Society is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand why marriage matters—especially in today's world."
— Gregory Popcak, PhD, Founder and Executive Director of the Pastoral Solutions Institute and Author of For Better . . . Forever: The Catholic Guide to Lifelong Marriage
Book size: 6 x 9
Cover: Hardcover
Published year: 2018
The Bible and the Sacraments - Participant Workbook
The Bible and the Sacraments - Leader Guide
VCAT Volume 2: Sacraments
The Sacraments DVD Set
The Sacraments Blu-ray Set


This webcam is currently assigned to meteobridge.com. It was originally added on 14 נובמבר 2018 and has been viewed 298 times since then. The current picture above was taken דקה 1 לפני, thereby the webcam seems to be currently active. So far, it was added to their personal favorites on webcams.travel by 0 people.


Here you can check how Real Madrid B compares to Fuenlabrada by stats. The data is calculated based on matches from Segunda B - Group I. This can be very useful in predicting the outcome of the next match.


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U.S., Israel announce successful test of 'David's Sling'
The system, developed by Raytheon and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, is part of Israel's multi-tier layered missile defense architecture.
Ed Adamczyk
The United States and Israel announced a successful testing of Israel's "David's Sling" missile defense system on Tuesday. File Photo by Debbie Hill/UPI | License Photo
March 20 (UPI) -- The United States and Israel announced the successful completion of testing of an advanced missile interception system known as "David's Sling."
The test series completed Tuesday in southern Israel was the sixth series of David's Sling tests, and the Missile Defense Agency, a division of the U.S. Defense Department, and the Israel Missile Defense Organization each called the tests a success.
Davids Sling was developed by the U.S. company Raytheon and Israel's Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, it employs two-stage Stunner interceptor missiles. Repeated testing has proven the system's ability to destroy large torrents of high-caliber rockets and short-range ballistic missiles, Raytheon said.
The system is an element of Israel's multi-tier layered missile defense architecture, offering mid-tier regional missile defense with a hit-to-kill defense against tactical ballistic missiles, medium- to long-range rockets, enemy planes, drones and cruise missiles.
RELATED Netanyahu vows more Israeli settlements after attack kills 2
"The Defense Ministry, in cooperation with the US Missile Defense Agency, successfully completed a series of interception tests on David's Sling weapons system," Israel's defense ministry said on Tuesday, adding that "the success of the series constitutes an important milestone in the State of Israel's ability to defend itself against existing and future threats in the arena."
The MDA called the tests an "important milestone in operational capability of Israel to defend itself against existing and future threats in the region."
The first iteration of the David's Sling system was used in July 2018 to intercept ballistic missiles launched from Syria. Two Russian-made SS-21 missiles, fired as a result of internal fighting in Syria, were successfully knocked down over northern Israeli airspace.
RELATED Israel says Gaza rockets that led to airstrikes fired by mistake
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Defense News // 3 days ago
U.S. Navy to arm amphibious vessels with long-range missiles
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- The U.S. Navy plans to integrate anti-ship missiles aboard its amphibious ships, it announced this month, part of a larger effort to increase ship firepower.
Air Force task force studies accountability throughout the command
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- A 16-member U.S. Air Force task force completed initial assessments this week for greater efforts at command-wide accountability.
Britain to double number of Somali infantry soldiers it trains this year
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- The British Ministry of Defense said Friday it plans this year to double the number of Somali National Army soldiers it trains in infantry skills, and announced the 500th graduate of its training course in Somalia.
Northrop builds command centers for Poland's air, missile defense system
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- Northrop Grumman began outfitting six portable buildings to be used as command posts for Poland's air and missile defense program, it announced.
U.S. troop presence in Iraq, Afghanistan at 2,500, following White House order
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- U.S. troop levels in Iraq and Afghanistan fell to 2,500 in each country in accordance with White House orders, the Acting Defense Secretary announced on Friday.
USS Porter departs Naval Station Rota for exercises in Europe, Africa
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- The USS Porter departed Spain's Naval Station Rota on its ninth Forward-Deployed Naval Forces-Europe this week.
DoD 'no place' for those espousing extremist views, officials say
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- Pentagon officials said Thursday that the Defense Department has "no place" for those espousing extremist views, and is doing everything it can to eliminate extremism in the department.
Future USNS John Lewis oiler launched by General Dynamics NASSCO
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- General Dynamics NASSCO this week launched the future USNS John Lewis oiler, which is the first of a new class of tankers that will carry fuel to carrier strike groups operating at sea.
Air Force selects Huntsville, Ala., as home to U.S. Space Command
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- The Secretary of the Air Force has selected Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Ala., as the preferred location for U.S. Space Command headquarters.
Air Force pilot graduates from Navy's electronic attack weapons school
Jan. 13 (UPI) -- The first U.S. Air Force Airman to graduate from the Navy Airborne Attack weapons school will be a valuable asset on the topic, his commanding officer said.
This week in the National Football League


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Car Xuan od Hana (91. pr. Kr.–49. pr. Kr.) bio je car Kine iz dinastije Han koji je vladao od 74. pr. Kr. do 49. pr. Kr.

Xuan je bio praunuk cara Wua. Njegov djed, sin Wua i carice Wei, Liu Ju je bio krunski princ i Wuov nasljednik, ali je 91. pr. Kr. osuđen zbog vračanja protiv cara i prisiljen na samoubojstvo; Xuanov otac Liu Jin (劉進) je tada također umro. Xuan je tada bio dijete i pošteđen mu je život, iako jedva, te je osuđen da ostatak života provede kao običan podanik.

Xuan je nakon kratkotrajne vladavine cara Hea godine 74. pr. Kr. carem ga je proglasio Huo Guang (polubrat Huo Qubinga). Kineski povjesničari ga smatraju izvrsnim i radišnim carem. S obzirom na to da je odrastao kao običan podanik, razumio je patnje svog naroda. Zato je smanjivao poreze, liberalizirao trgovinu i u vladu primao sposobne ministre. Opisuje se kao dobar procjenitelj ljudski karaktera, te je konsolidirao svoj moć ukonivši korumpirane službenike, uključujući obitelj Huo, koja je nakon smrti Wua imala odlučujući utjecaj u državi. Međutim, njegovo pogubljenje cijelog klana Huo je kasnije izazvalo velike kritike povjesničara koji mu predbacuju nezahvalnost prema Huo Guangu.

Njegova druga supruga je bila carica Huo Chengjun, a treća Wang.

Pod carem Xuanom je Kina napredovala, kako u ekonomskom, tako i u vojnom pogledu. Njegova 25-godišnja vladavina završila je njegovom smrću godine 49. pr. Kr. Naslijedio ga je sin Yuan.

Literatura
 Knjiga Hana, vol. 8.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 24, 25, 26, 27.

Xuan
Kineski carevi


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Birkö är en ö i Sankt Anna socken, Söderköpings kommun, öster om Aspöja. Ön har en yta av 24 hektar.

Birkö lydde tidigare under Aspöja, i samband med laga skifte 1860 flyttade en familj ut och bosatte sig på ön. Samma familj ägde och bebodde 2012 ännu gården, även om jordbruket upphörde på 1960-talet. Fisket har dock fortsatt. En bearbetningsbyggnad för omhändertagande av fisk har uppförts på Birkö i samarbete med Kustlaboratoriet i Öregrund. Ett fritidshus finns även på ön.

Källor
 Sveriges öar, 3:e upplagan 2013, Anders Källgård s.265-266.

Söderköpings kommun
Östergötlands öar


Glo is a hip, contemporary and vivacious space offering an extensive selection of good grooming staples such as manicures, pedicures, waxing, eye lash and brow tints, eye lash perms and spray tans and deliciously pampering massages and body treatments delivered by a team of well-trained and service-savvy technicians. Glo is also known as Bali's best salon offering you the very latest in western colouring, cutting and styling and renowned for their bridal hair and make up glam squad. Our team are highly skilled professionals managed by our Australian Senior Stylists. The bodacious one on the tropical landscape, Glo Day Spa exudes city style and sophistication in everything from the spa & salon interior design, to the incredible selection of treatments and services and to the accompaniments of cocktails, wine, beer, French-pressed coffee & gourmet teas. Appearances are important to Glo Day Spa and this is one book that is happy to be judged by its cover.
The best salon in Sanur! Great service- skilled, professional and friendly. Walked out feeling great. Will be coming back!
Glo is an institution in Sanur! High quality products and services for all beauty treatments. Their cuts and colours are to expat standards. It may seem a little expensive compared to other local salons but you are assured of good quality. The staff are friendly and accommodating. The decor is a little tired but overall that does not detract from their level of customer service. Beverages are available. They also offer a loyalty card.


Yep, today's the day my second book, FADE TO WHITE, hits the stores.
As all of you know, I looooove to ski. Well, I love to write, too. So during the off season, when there's no skiing to be done, I get myself through by writing about skiing. It's the perfect intersection of two passions for me, and great therapy for a ski addict in withdrawal.
Last year, the result was DOUBLE BLACK: A SKI DIVA MYSTERY. This time it's FADE TO WHITE, the second in my Ski Diva mystery series.
Yes, it features the same main character: Stacey Curtis, ex-grad student turned ski bum/bartender, as well as some other familiar faces from DOUBLE BLACK: Chip, the hunky ski patroller; Guy Ramsey, local sherrif and Stacey's landlord; and Tina Montero, massage therapist and barfly. But there are some new characters, too. Stacey's cheating ex-fiance, Brian, makes an appearance, as does Harper Stone, a washed-up movie actor who's come to Stacey's ski town to film a mouthwash commercial (and is anything but happy about it). There's also Buddy Frommer, local ski shop owner and drug dealer, and film director Manny Seville, who's crossed paths with Harper Stone before.
FADE TO WHITE finds Stacey up past her ski boots in yet another murder. When Stacey and Chip find Stone's body during a late night ski date, Stacey ends up trying to find out who killed him and why. It's Hollywood meets the Green Mountain State, and the result is hilarious culture clash, as well a plenty of intrigue and excitement.
Clinch's enchanting second Ski Diva mystery (after 2010's Double Black) opens on a crispy day under a cloudless blue sky, a winter rarity in Vermont. Avid skier Stacey Curtis plans to take full advantage of it by spending the day on the slopes of Spruce Peak before she reports for her night job in the Broken Binding, a local bar. Unfortunately, the lift line is closed due to the filming of a commercial, and to complicate matters, her ex-fiance, Brian Russell, is supervising the shoot. Later, when a snowstorm makes conditions on the the slopes perfect, ski patrol friend Chip Walsh joins Stacey for some spectacular night skiing– spectacular at least until she hits something that turns out to be a dead body. Stacey once again turns sleuth in a fast read sure to appeal to skiers and nonskiers alike.
I had a blast writing FADE TO WHITE, and I think you'll have fun reading it, too.
Signed copies are available from Northshire Books in Manchester Center, VT, or The Book Nook in Ludlow, VT. For more about both books, go to wendyclinch.com.
Congratulations Wendy! Happy New Year!


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Reds - General
Greetings from inside the Reds' minor league spring training camp.
I flew into Sarasota-Bradenton Airport on Friday, February 29, but wanted to give myself a little time to settle into the daily routine of camp before making my first post of the season. My roommate for spring training is Joseph Krebs, a lefty reliever from the University of Texas, who I met in Billings last season.
The pitchers/catchers portion of spring training began on March 1, with the position players steadily trickling in over the next five days before their mandatory report day on March 6. On the first day of camp, our new minor league field coordinator, Freddy Benavides warned the pitchers that the first five days could turn into Groundhog Day. The staff had eight different stations set up and we rotated between them on a ten-minute intervals. The stations included fundamental drills ranging from covering first base on a groundball to pickoffs to bunt play coverage. As expected, the most popular portion of each day, excluding lunch, was definitely the bunting and slash bunting station.
In addition to fundamental work, the pitchers also began throwing light bullpens, which turned into throwing ten minutes of live batting practice once position players arrived, and starting tomorrow, will turn into two innings of game work. The Pittsburgh Pirates minor league camp will be coming in tomorrow and I am scheduled to throw with the Sarasota Reds' roster.
Now, a quick rundown of my highlights of spring training thus far:
– David Weathers, Mike Stanton, and Francisco Cordero showed up early one morning to talk to the minor league pitchers for about a half an hour or longer about the path that lead each of them to the majors and having an approach to the game that will allow a player to capitalize on every opportunity that comes his way.
– Dusty Baker came out and talked to the entire minor league camp a few days ago for about 40 minutes. Dusty jumped around from one issue to the next, but touched on a ton of great topics and really fired everyone up for that day of work.
– I showed up early to the clubhouse one morning last week, and whom do you think I found roaming around? If you guessed Johnny Bench, you would be correct. I went up and introduced myself, but it seemed he was a little more focused on finding fellow catcher, and last year's first-round draft pick, Devin Mesoraco. I cannot blame Bench either; Mesoraco reported in great shape and has been looking good thus far.
Just like last season, I will try and make posts on a weekly basis this year. I hope everyone is excited about this upcoming season for the organization, it should be a good one.
The Forgotten Man
Freddy Sanchez is a 52-inch Plasma


Two of my favorite things in life are science and girls. Biology was more my thing while in school. Physics was the bane of my existence. But, I digress. This Sunday, my two favorite things are coming together for an event called "Miz Wizard's Science Secrets."
Bring a friend-young, old, male, female--to this solo performance and see how many of the women scientists mentioned you recognize. Yes, we've come a long way. Yet, it's always good to be reminded of the often ludicrous barriers that female scientists over time has had to overcome. This is definitely NOT a depressing lecture, however!
Instead, Dr. Jane Curry will tell the stories of historical and contemporary women scientists and inventors with humor and fanfare. A few non-exploding demonstrations are included! So don't lament that none of the Nobel Prize winners in science this year are women!
This event is sponsored by several different groups for the purpose of promoting women in science. Click (here) for the official website and additional information.
0 Response to "Miz Wizard's Science Secrets - 10/21"


Equipped with three canisters to administer fresh ground coffee, espresso, cappuccino, chocolate, coffee with milk, Wiener melange, espreschoc and hot water.
The Bravilor Bonamat FG 310 Beverage Machine is a high quality drinks dispenser that is ideal for not only making fresh ground coffee, but instant hot chocolates, cappuccinos, coffees with milk or Wiener melange at the touch of a button. Further supplemented by variable coffee strength selection and a selection button for adding milk. Bravilor Bonamat are specialists in fresh coffee who apply advanced techniques to optimise taste quality. Designed to be both attractive and reliable in function, the fresh brew series are easy to use and maintain.
The FG 310 is equipped with transparent canister on the top of the machine that can be filled with over 2.5 kilos of coffee beans, and features a grinder to provide the beans for each individual cup. It features three canisters to administer fresh ground coffee beans, espresso, cappuccino, chocolate, coffee with milk, Wiener melange, espreschoc and hot water. Additionally, the machine comes as standard with digital control, plastic drip-tray, automatic descale indicator and rinsing programme.
May require a BSP mains water connection.


Export Development Canada Corporation is pleased to offer the EDC International Business Scholarships 2019-2020. This scholarship is open for those students who enrolled in a full-time accredited bachelor's degree at a Canadian university, college.
This scholarship is recognizing the achievements and potential of Canadian undergraduate students enrolled in international business degrees. EDC has been helping Canadian exporters and investors be successful in global markets for in excess of 60 years by providing trade finance and risk management services.
Course Level: The scholarship programs open for graduate level students.
Study Subject: The scholarships are available for graduate degree level.
Eligible Countries: Canadian Citizen or Permanent Resident students are invited to apply.
In excellent academic standing at a current university, college or cégep.


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Wuerth Elektronik intensifies its Formula E sponsoring activities
Battery Charging & Management, Clean Energy, Collaboration, Energy Storage, Government & Industry, Power Management
@PSD #technology
Audi Sport ABT Formula E
The car race in London marked the end of the first season of the 2014/2015 FIA Formula E racing series for electric-powered racing cars. The "Audi Sport ABT Formula E" team proudly sponsored by Wuerth Elektronik eiSos took a phenomenal third place in the overall team ranking. Pilot Lucas di Grassi had been leading the field right up to the eighth lap in the Berlin race, and Daniel Abt ended the season in the eleventh slot.
After the successful start of the racing season, which comprised eleven races in ten cities on all continents of the world, Wuerth Elektronik eiSos prolonged its sponsoring agreement with the "Audi Sport ABT Formula E" team for a further three years. The preparations for the coming season are already under the sign of the long-term technology partnership that is being strived for, since in future Formula E teams will be able to pursue their own developments in the areas of engines, transmission systems, and engine software. Applications in racing cars count as the acid test for electronic concepts and systems. Its engagement in the Formula E sector will give Wuerth Elektronik eiSos valuable input for the future development of electronic components – for example in the areas of heat management and energy efficiency.
Technology partnership
"We enthusiastically shared the thrills and spills and the successes of our teams. We're very proud to be involved in this sporting segment of e-mobility from the very outset," say Oliver Konz and Thomas Schrott, CEOs of Wuerth Elektronik eiSos, in describing the company's engagement in the new racing series. "For us in our role as developers and suppliers of electronic and electromechanical components, the Formula E series is not only a fantastic advertising platform – we're also gaining valuable first-hand experience that will help us develop innovative electronic components for the future market of e-mobility and to launch them early on."
Wuerth Formula E
Wuerth Elektronik eiSos
High-Performance Sodium Ion Batteries Using Copper Sulfide
Designer Proteins Form Wires and Lattices on Mineral Surface


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Please use the following information to answer questions 17 and 18. Northwoods manufacturers rustic furniture. The cost accounting system estimates manufacturing costs to be $120 per table, consisting of 60% variable cost and 40% fixed costs. The company has surplus capacity available. It is Northwoods policy to add a 50% markup to full cost.
17. Northwoods is invited to bid on a one-time-only special order to supply 200 rustic tables. What is the lowest price Northwoods should bid on this special order?
18. In contrast, Northwoods could set a policy of pricing bids at full manufacturing cost plus a markup. If this cost-based price is above the market price what problem is likely to result?


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Q: Nyquist noise and thermal equilibration Let there be given two identical lumped element resistors $R_1=R_2$ whose heat capacities are also equal and given $C_1=C_2$. We assume the resistors are attached to thermostats, one at temperature $T_1$ and the other at temperature $T_2$ but $T_1 \ne T_2$. Now separate the resistors from their respective  thermostats and connect the resistors with a transmission line that has a very low loss (ideally lossless), and such that its metal conductor also has very low thermal conductivity (ideally zero). I know this is a contradiction per Wiedemann-Franz but assume it for the sake of argument. I expect that because of the Nyquist noise emitted from the resistors eventually they will come to a common temperature, and since we assume equal heat capacities, $C_1=C_2$, the common temperature will be $(T_1+T_2)/2$.
 Now somewhere along the transmission line whose wave impedance is $Z_0=R_1=R_2$ we place an ideal lossless reactive filter and/or ideal impedance transformer ($I_2=I_1/N, V_2=NV_1$). How will the system equilibrate if not all frequencies are allowed to pass by the filter (e.g., the transformer does not work at $f=0$)? What is the equation that describes the temperature development of each resistor as noise waves are exchanged between them?

A: The thermal electrical power available at each resistor is given by kTB, where k is Boltzmann's constant, T is temperature in Kelvin and B is the bandwidth in Hertz through which the noise is observed. Power will flow from the hot resistor to the cold resistor at a rate k(T1-T2)B. The result will be an exponential convergence on a temperature (T1+T2)/2 with a time-constant C/kB.
The question, of course, is what to assume for the the bandwidth, B. The thermal electrical noise is roughly constant up to a frequency of kT/h where h is Planck's constant. Any electrical network will have a bandwidth much less than this.  You can reasonably take B as the integral vs. frequency of the power transmission coefficient between the two resistors through the circuit that connects them. The specifics of which frequencies are passed and which are stopped are immaterial since the energy quickly equilbrates through electron interactions, etc.


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The Value of Space: Geopolitics, Geography and the American Search for International Theory in the 1950s
Rosenboim, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-3764-2133 (2019). The Value of Space: Geopolitics, Geography and the American Search for International Theory in the 1950s. International History Review, doi: 10.1080/07075332.2019.1596966
This article examines the Council on Foreign Relation engagement with geography and geopolitics. It focuses on the history of the 1953 study group on international theory, gathered under the Council's auspices. The group dedicated its attention to international theory and geopolitics, reflecting the prominence of spatial thinking in mid-century American politics. In the 1950s, American politicians and the general public alike started to pay a greater attention to the role of the physical geographical environment in shaping world affairs and foreign policy strategy. Nonetheless, the reception of geopolitics and geography at the study group was icy. Their wariness towards spatial thinking reflected a more general aversion to geographical modes of analysis among American scholars and practitioners of international affairs that continues today. I explore the study group's interpretation of spatial thinking and offer counter examples in the form of three American mid-century approaches to geopolitics. By mischaracterising the spatial thought available at the time, the study group missed a wide range of geopolitical ideas that could have contributed to the formation of a pluralistic and diverse theoretical foundation for the discipline of International Relations. Focusing on the work of Nicholas Spykman, Hans Weigert and Harold and Margaret Sprout, I argue that geopolitical scholarship in the United States at the time offered a richer variety of concepts that could still serve International Relations scholars today.
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in 'International History Review' on 11 Apr 2019, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1596966
E History America > E151 United States (General)
J Political Science > JK Political institutions (United States)
J Political Science > JZ International relations
School of Arts & Social Sciences > International Politics
https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/21956
Text - Accepted Version
Official URL: https://tandfonline.com/toc/rinh20/current
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Weatherbys Scientific
Weatherbys Scientific laboratory in Ireland relocates to a new state-of-the-art facility.
Download the Press Release here.
Weatherbys Scientific has begun providing its leading DNA testing, genomics and bioinformatics services to livestock industries in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region, thanks to a partnership with the University of Adelaide and facilitated by the State Government.
Weatherbys Scientific is proud to sponsor the 7th International Symposium on Animal Functional Genomics in conjunction with the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes Workshop in Adelaide, South Australia from 12th-15th November, 2018. Visit isafg2018.com to find out more.
Download the meeting announcement here.
Weatherbys Scientific announce certification as approved Genomic Nominators by The Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB).
Download the full press release here.
Dr. Jennifer McClure Discusses Beef Genetics at the Centre for Grassland Studies
Dr McClure acts as consultant to Weatherbys Scientific in North America. View the centre for Grassland Studies newsletter here.
Weatherbys Scientific partners with the Irish Kennel Club to offer canine genetic test to Irish dog owners and breeders
View the full press release here.
Weatherbys Scientific appointed as USA, UK and Ireland distribution partner for VHLGenetics
Wageningen, The Netherlands, 9 January 2017 — VHLGenetics has signed an agreement with a new distributor in Ireland, leading genomic service providing laboratory; Weatherbys Scientific, will market the products of VHLGenetics in the USA, Ireland and United Kingdom.
The agreement allows Weatherbys Scientific to sell VHLGenetics' products in agreed global territories including the USA, UK and Ireland. As a specialist in the field of equine and bovine genotyping, the addition of dedicated genotyping and mutation detection for other animal species like cats and dogs are a welcome addition to the product portfolio of Weatherbys Scientific. "The products of VHLGenetics represent a valuable addition to our current portfolio", said Aaron Venables, the COO of Weatherbys Scientific. "Using CombiBreed as an established brand in the field of canine and feline genetic tests, will help us to meet the needs of the private owners and breeders. Using the highly trusted Weatherbys brand we are dedicated to promoting these genetic tests to assist breeders and owners as a tool for improved animal welfare".
The new collaboration with Weatherbys Scientific fits the strategy of VHLGenetics to further sell DNA tests for highly attractive prices. "It is still highly important for VHLGenetics to build global networks", said Maarten de Groot, the CFO of VHLGenetics. "Using Weatherbys Scientific's expertise and brand reputation as a genomic service provider, we have a strong partner to actively market our genetic portfolio in new territories. This will strengthen both VHLGenetics' and Weatherbys Scientific's position as leading genomics service providers in Europe".
In recent years, VHLGenetics has been focusing on collaborations with strong partners. Previously, distribution agreements were signed in other European countries, including Spain, Norway and France. Agreements with other distributors are expected to be signed over the next years.
For more information, please contact Maarten de Groot at VHLGenetics: info@vhlgenetics.com.
About VHLGenetics:
VHLGenetics is a leading service provider with three business units in The Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. For over 30 years DNA has been the core of the organization, serving customers with research and routine tests. Tests are based on materials originating from animals, plants and micro-organisms. VHLGenetics continually improves the technology and instrumentation in its laboratories to maintain its leading position.
About Weatherbys:
Weatherbys is a privately-owned family business, which has been operating successfully since 1770. The core business is responsible for UK Racing Administration, as well continuing our role registering all thoroughbred horses in Britain and Ireland within The General Stud Book. Weatherbys also manages a range of profitable commercial activities, which include racecard production, traditional and digital bloodstock publishing, pedigree analysis, racing industry data services, and event ticketing.
In Ireland, we also run a laboratory service (Weatherbys Scientific) which has provided a range of multi-species tests to an international client base over the last 30 years. More recently, Weatherbys Scientific has become a worldwide centre of excellence in animal genotyping, especially in the ruminant sector and is currently conducting 1m cattle DNA tests as part of its expanding portfolio of work.
Separately, the Group also includes a successful private bank which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority.
The Weatherbys organisation is proud of its heritage and its reputation for customer service excellence. Today it has established ambitious growth plans and is undertaking investments in technology and its people to help drive expansion, efficiency and future profitability. The company's Brand Vision builds on its reputation and its core values:
To be universally admired for delivering and inspiring new standards in customer service.
About Weatherbys Scientific:
Weatherbys Scientific commenced parentage testing thoroughbred horses using blood typing technology in 1985. The business was incorporated as part of Weatherbys General Stud Book and established operations at a leased facility on the same site as the Irish Equine Centre in Johnstown. Once established, it also offered services to the non-thoroughbred equine market (sport horses) and other equine stud books. In 2000, the technology for parentage verification changed from blood typing to Micro Satellite DNA markers. Weatherbys Scientific embraced this new technology and also started offering parentage testing services for other species – bovine, ovine, canine, companion and exotic. As the level of scientific expertise developed in the business, so too did the suite of DNA based services offered, and in 2010 it commenced genotyping cattle using SNP technology. The team quickly developed a reputation for service and versatility and genotyped cattle using the Illumina 7k low density SNP chip in 2012.
Its reputation for service has been strengthening over time. Close relationships were established with the Irish Cattle Breeders Federation (ICBF) in 2012 and 2013, and the Laboratory team collaborated, through a research project, in the development of a customised SNP chip (IDB) for dairy and beef breeds, genotyping 20,000 cattle.
Weatherbys Scientific has achieved significant technical milestones – it is an institutional member of the scientific body of the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) and it is also accredited by the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR). The laboratory is also approved with Propel certification by Illumina, and has been selected as an Illumina Beta testing laboratory for new technologies.


DANIEL ARZANI took to Instagram to snap himself and the man of the moment Tom Rogic in Dubai as they get set for International duty.
While Arzani is still learning his trade in the Celtic developmental system he has become a big part of the Australia setup already and was at the World Cup in the summer.
Since signing for Celtic Tom Rogic has become a bit of a mentor for the youngster and has been helping him get used to life in Glasgow.
The pair has a double header against Kuwait and South Korea before heading back to Glasgow at the end of the month.
The Australia boss dropped by Lennoxtown last month to talk about Daniel Arzani, Tom Rogic and even Leo Mazis as the international boss picked Brendan Rodgers' brain.
This could be a great opportunity for many Celtic fans to see what Daniel Arzani is all about if he gets the game time over the two games.
Steven Gerrard to Villa. Oh yea, that's a great idea.


text:
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board
[ENGLISH_LABEL_SITEMENU]
Act and Regulations
Compendium of Policies, Guidelines and Procedures
Rules of Practice and Procedures for Hearings
Regulating Prices
Price Review
New Patented Medicines Reported to PMPRB
Advance Ruling Certificates
VCUs
The Hearing Process
Status of Ongoing Proceedings
Reports and Trends
Pharmaceutical Trends
NPDUIS
About NPDUIS
Analytical Studies
NPDUIS Advisory Committee
Annual Report 2012: In Brief
Link to full Annual Report 2012
The mandate of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board is to ensure that prices at which patentees sell their patented medicines in Canada are not excessive; and to report on pharmaceutical trends of all medicines and on R&D spending by patentees.
The PMPRB Annual Report includes a review of the PMPRB's major activities, analyses of the prices of patented medicines and of the price trends of all drugs, and reports on the R&D expenditures as reported by patentees.
The PMPRB Annual Report: In Brief provides stakeholders/subscribers with all of the pertinent information contained within the Annual Report in a condensed format for easier access.
This year in an effort to further reduce our distribution costs and our carbon footprint, we are publishing both the Annual Report and the Annual Report: In Brief in electronic format only.
The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board Standard Life Centre,
Box L40 333 Laurier Avenue West, Suite 1400
Ottawa, ON K1P 1C1
Email: pmprb@pmprb-cepmb.gc.ca
Web: www.pmprb-cepmb.gc.ca
Twitter: @PMPRB_CEPMB
Catalogue number: H78-1/2012E-PDF
All PMPRB publications are available in both official languages, and can be accessed on line or by calling our toll-free number: 1-877-861-2350
The Honourable Leona Aglukkaq, P.C., M.P.
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0A6
Dear Minister:
I have the pleasure to present to you, in accordance with sections 89 and 100 of the Patent Act, the Annual Report of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Yours very truly,
Mary Catherine Lindberg
About the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board
The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) is an independent, quasi-judicial body established by Parliament in 1987 under the Patent Act (Act).
The PMPRB has a dual role:
to ensure that prices at which patentees sell their patented medicines in Canada are not excessive
to report on pharmaceutical trends of all medicines and on R&D spending by patentees
The PMPRB has no authority to regulate the prices of non-patented drugs and does not have jurisdiction over prices charged by wholesalers or pharmacies, or over pharmacists' professional fees.
As a reliable, impartial source of comprehensive information on drug prices, the PMPRB is committed to transparency, accessibility and stakeholder engagement.
The Board consists of up to five members who serve on a part-time basis. Members, including a Chairperson and a Vice-Chairperson, are appointed by the Governor-in-Council. The Chairperson is designated under the Act as the Chief Executive Officer of the PMPRB with the authority and responsibility to supervise and direct its work.
Organizational Structure and Staff
In 2012, the terms of appointment of Thomas (Tim) Armstrong and Anne Warner La Forest, who served the Board for ten and five years respectively, ended. They both made significant contributions to the PMPRB.
In 2012/13, the PMPRB had a budget of $11.058 million and an approved staff level of 76 full-time equivalent employees. $2.47 million of the total budget resided in a Special Purpose Allotment (SPA) reserved for public hearings. Unspent SPA funds were returned to the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
Program Evaluation Report and Management Response
In 2008/09, the Treasury Board Secretariat approved an increase in funding for the PMPRB to help it to effectively deliver its mandate. As a provision of receiving this ongoing increase in resources, the PMPRB agreed to conduct a complete evaluation of its programs in 2011/12. The goal of the evaluation was to assess the PMPRB's relevance, efficiency and effectiveness, and the extent to which the increased resources helped it achieve its objectives.
In 2012, the PMPRB began the program evaluation process. According to the evaluation, the incremental funding that was received in 2008/09 was effectively used and has achieved the results for which it was approved.
In early 2013, the PMPRB released the Program Evaluation Report, along with its Management Response and Action Plan, to address the considerations proposed in the Evaluation Report. Considerations included expediting all PMPRB processes; further simplifying the Guidelines; expanding plain language use throughout all PMPRB communications; and expanding the target audience for outreach efforts. The Management Response and Action Plan provides details on the initiatives and activities the PMPRB has undertaken or will be undertaking to address these considerations.
Regulatory Burden Reduction
In alignment with the Government's Red Tape Reduction Plan and the Economic Action Plan, as well as in response to the considerations identified in the 2011/12 PMPRB Program Evaluation, the PMPRB committed to examining its price review process to identify possible ways to reduce the regulatory burden on patentees without adversely affecting its mandate to protect consumer interests.
To date, the PMPRB's internal review has focused on two regulatory burden reduction initiatives to examine:
the PMPRB's Consumer Price Index (CPI) Adjustment Methodology, and
the feasibility of changing to one regulatory filing per year for existing patented medicines by patentees and modifying the requirement for patentees to submit information for the first day of sales of new patented drug products.
The PMPRB has recently put these initiatives to consultation.
The PMPRB regularly informs its stakeholders of its activities through publications such as the quarterly NEWSletter and the Annual Report. It also publishes the results of NPDUIS analytical research reports. In 2012, the PMPRB continued its move to electronic-only publications to reduce costs and decrease the environmental impact of printing, placing a greater reliance on its website and social media for communicating with its stakeholders.
Both industry and non-industry stakeholders are regularly consulted and updated by the PMPRB. Industry stakeholders are promptly informed of changes in the operating environment and/or the regulatory process. To facilitate patentees' access to information, the Regulatory Affairs and Outreach Branch conducts outreach sessions with patentees.
In 2012, the PMPRB continued to enhance its non-industry stakeholder engagement through bilateral exchanges with federal/provincial/territorial health representatives, consumer representatives, patient-advocacy groups and others.
The PMPRB remains committed to meeting its objectives with openness and transparency.
Regulating the Prices of Patented Medicines
The PMPRB is responsible for regulating the prices that patentees charge for patented drug products sold in Canada to ensure that they are not excessive.
Patentees are required by law to file information pertaining to the sale of their drug products in Canada. The Patent Act (Act) along with the Patented Medicines Regulations (Regulations) set out the filing requirements, and Board Staff reviews the pricing information on an ongoing basis. The price of a patented drug product is under the PMPRB's jurisdiction until the patent expires.
Although patentees are not required to obtain approval of the price prior to selling the patented drug product, they are required to ensure that the price is not excessive.
Board Staff reviews the prices of each strength of an individual dosage form of each patented medicine sold in Canada. There are several factors used for determining whether a drug product is excessively priced, as outlined in section 85 of the Act. The Compendium of Policies, Guidelines and Procedures (Guidelines) details the various price tests used by Board Staff to determine whether a price charged by a patentee falls within the maximum allowable price.
When it finds that the price of a patented drug product appears to exceed the Guidelines, and the circumstances meet the criteria for commencing an investigation, Board Staff will conduct an investigation. An investigation could result in one of the following:
its closure where it is concluded that the price was within the Guidelines
a Voluntary Compliance Undertaking (VCU) by the patentee to reduce the price of the patented drug product to a non-excessive level and offset excess revenues obtained as a result of excessive price through a payment and/or an additional price reduction, or the price reduction of another patented drug product
a recommendation from Board Staff to the Chairperson to issue a Notice of Hearing to hold a public hearing into the price of a patented medicine
Price Review of Patented Drug Products Reported to the PMPRB
The total number of patented drug products for human use in 2012 was 1,328. The table below provides a breakdown in terms of new and existing patented drug products as well as a summary of the status of the price review.
Patented Drug Products for Human Use Sold in 2012—Status of Price Review as of March 31, 2013
(Table 4 of the full Annual Report)
New drug products introduced in 2012
Existing drug products
Total 82 1,246 1,328
Within Guidelines 57 1,033 1,090
Under Review 0 7 7
Does Not Trigger Investigation 9 130 139
Under Investigation 15 44 59
Voluntary Compliance Undertakings 1 30 31
Price Hearings 0 2 2
Monitoring and Evaluating the Guidelines
On January 1, 2010, the Board's new revised Guidelines came into force, providing direction to patentees and Board Staff on the application of factors set out in the Patent Act and the Patented Medicines Regulations to determine if the price of a patented drug product sold in Canada is excessive.
Since then, the PMPRB has been monitoring and evaluating the application and impact of the changes to the Guidelines on an ongoing basis to ensure that they remain relevant and effective. In June 2011, the PMPRB published the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for the Major Changes to the Guidelines. The Board was presented with the second annual assessment under this Plan in December 2012, and a table summarizing the results was published in January 2013.
A revised version of the Guidelines, reflecting all changes is released annually in June.
Voluntary Compliance Undertakings and Hearings
In 2012 and up to May 31, 2013, 15 VCUs were approved to reduce the price of patented drug products to a non-excessive level.
In addition to price reductions, excess revenues totaling $39.8 million were offset by way of payments to the Government of Canada through VCUs and Board Orders in 2012 up to May 31, 2013.
The Board issued one Notice of Hearing in 2012, in the matter of Galderma Canada Inc. and the medicine Tactuo. The Hearing Panel accepted a Voluntary Compliance Undertaking and issued a Board Order in April 2013, concluding the matter.
In 2012, the Board issued decisions and/or orders effectively completing 3 three matters: Copaxone (redetermination) on price; Pentacel and Quadracel on remedy; and Sandoz Canada Inc., on failure to file. Two matters remain before the Board: Apotex Inc. and Apo-Salvent CFC Free.
Matters Before the Federal Court
Three Board decisions are currently subject to judicial review by the Federal Court for the following: ratio-Salbutamol HFA, ratiopharm Inc. (now Teva Canada), and Sandoz Canada Inc. The ratiopharm matters are scheduled to be heard by the Court on November 4 to 6, 2013, while the Sandoz matter has not yet been scheduled.
The Federal Court heard the Copaxone Redetermination case on February 5, 2013. The Court released its decision on April 30, 2013, allowing the Teva application, quashing the Board's February 23, 2012, decision and returning the matter to a different hearing panel of the Board for redetermination.
Since 1993, a total of 93 VCUs have been approved and 26 public hearings have been initiated. Approximately $146 million have been collected through VCUs and Board Orders by way of payments to the Government of Canada and/or to customers such as hospitals and clinics.
Key Pharmaceutical Trends
Trends in Sales of Patented Drug Products
In 2012, sales of patented drug products declined to $12.8 billion from $12.9 billion in 2011, a decrease of 0.3%. By comparison, the annual growth in sales stood at 27.0% in 1999 and remained in double-digits until 2003.
Throughout the latter part of the 1990s, sales growth was largely driven by a succession of new "blockbuster" products that achieved very high sales volumes. Since that time, changes in the Canadian pharmaceutical environment, along with a reduction in the rate of introduction of new high-volume products, has resulted in decreased sales growth of patented drug products.
The decline in sales between 2011 and 2012 was the result of drug products going off-patent. The growth in new drugs along with increases in price and volume were not large enough to offset the negative effect of the exiting drugs (drugs whose patents expired and were no longer under the PMPRB's jurisdiction).
In 2003, patented drug products as a share of all drug sales was 72.7%. The share gradually declined to 56.0% in 2010, implying that sales of generic and non-patented branded drug products grew faster than sales of patented drug products. In the last two years, the share increased slightly to 58.6% in 2011 and 59.3% in 2012.
Drugs in the cardiovascular system and the blood and blood forming organs therapeutic classes accounted for the greatest decrease in sales, while those in the antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents class accounted for the greatest increase.
Annual Rate of Change, Patented Medicines Price Index (PMPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI), 1988-2012
(Figure 4 of the full Annual Report)
Sources: PMPRB; Statistics Canada
The PMPRB uses the Patented Medicines Price Index (PMPI) to monitor trends in prices of patented drug products sold in Canada. The PMPI measures the average year-over-year change in the ex-factory prices using a formula that takes a sales-weighted average of price changes observed at the level of individual products, similar to the approach used to calculate the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The PMPI has been consistently below the CPI.
As measured by the PMPI, prices of patented drug products increased slightly, on average, by 0.6% between 2011 and 2012. The CPI for the same period was 1.5%.
The average rates of price change by class of customer were obtained by applying the PMPI methodology separately to sales data for hospital, pharmacy and wholesale customers. The 2012 rates of price change for these classes were, respectively, -1.2%, -0.8% and 1.3%.
The Act and Regulations require patentees to report publicly available ex-factory prices of their patented drug products for seven foreign comparator countries: France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The PMPRB uses this information to conduct its international price comparison tests.
Price Change by Country
In 2012, the United States saw prices rise on average at a rate of 11.3%. The UK saw a much more modest average price increase of 0.8%, while Germany saw no change. Prices in France, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland declined (-5.0%, -1.7%, -4.9% and -4.8%, respectively).
Price Level by Country
On an annual basis, the PMPRB conducts bilateral and multilateral price comparisons for each of the seven comparator countries using market exchange rates for currency conversion.
As in previous years, in 2012, Canadian prices were typically within the range of prices observed among the comparator countries. Results indicate that Canadian prices were roughly in line with Swiss prices (1% higher). Prices in France, Italy, the UK and Sweden were appreciably lower than Canadian prices (24%, 20%, 20%, and 10%, respectively). Prices in Germany were somewhat higher (11%), while in the United States, prices were appreciably higher than in Canada (102%).
Average Foreign-to-Canadian Price Ratios: 2005, 2012
Source: PMPRB
The median international price (MIP), the median of prices observed among the seven comparator countries, is one of the measures used in multilateral price comparisons. The average MIP-to-Canadian price ratio stood at 1.07 in 2012. This indicates that the median price of patented dug products in the seven comparator countries was 7% higher than Canadian prices last year. Since 2006, the ratio has remained somewhat consistent, ranging between 1.07 and 1.03.
Canadian Drug Expenditures in the Global Context
Based on global sales data provided by MIDAS©, 2005−20121, the Canadian market accounted for 2.6% of the global market in 2012. The Canadian share has remained between 2.4% and 2.7% from 2005 to 2012.
During that same time period, drug sales in Canada rose at an annual average rate of approximately 4.0%. Drug sales among the seven comparator countries rose at an annual average rate of 3.3% over the same period.
Distribution of Drug Sales Among Major National Markets, 2012
(Figure 13 of the full Annual Report)
Source: MIDAS©, 2005-20121
1 Although based in part on data obtained under license from the MIDAS IMS database, the statements, findings, conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this Annual Report are exclusively those of the PMPRB and are not attributable to IMS AG.
R&D Expenditures
Patentees reported total 2012 sales revenues of $16.8 billion, a decrease of 5.8% from 2011. Sales revenues reported by Rx&D members were $11.9 billion, accounting for 71.0% of the total.
Patentees reported R&D expenditures of $894.8 million in 2012, a decrease of 9.8% over 2011. Rx&D members reported R&D expenditures of $782.8 million in 2012, a decrease of 13.1% over last year. Rx&D members accounted for 87.5% of all reported R&D expenditures in 2012.
When the Act was amended in 1987, Rx&D members made a public commitment to increase their annual research and development expenditures to 10% of sales revenues by 1996. This level of R&D expenditure was obtained by 1993. However, since 2003, R&D-to-sales ratios for all patentees and for Rx&D members have been declining. In 2012, the ratio of R&D expenditures to sales revenues for all patentees was 5.3%, down from 5.6% in 2011. These values are close to figures last observed in 1988. The overall R&D-to-sales ratio has been less than 10% for the past 12 consecutive years. The ratio for members of Rx&D was 6.6%, down from 6.7% in 2011. This is the lowest value recorded since a ratio of 6.5% was recorded in 1988, the first year the PMPRB began reporting on these figures. The Rx&D ratio has been less than 10% for the past 10 consecutive years.
Patentees reported spending $114.6 million on basic research in 2012, representing 13.2% of current R&D expenditures and a decline of 30.5% over the previous year. Patentees reported spending $520.9 million on applied research, representing 60.2% of current R&D expenditures. Clinical trials accounted for 69.4% of applied research expenditures.
Compared to the PMPRB's seven comparator countries, in 2010 Canada's R&D-to-sales ratio was second lowest at 6.9%, ahead of only Italy. Ratios in all other comparator countries were well above Canada's. On average, the R&D-to-sales ratio for all comparator countries was 22.5%.
R&D-to-Sales Ratio, Pharmaceutical Patentees, 1988-2012
R&D-to-Sales Ratio, Canada and Comparator Countries
Source: PMPRB, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA): The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures 2012, PhRMA 2012 profile
There does not appear to be any correlation between drug product prices and R&D expenditures. For example, both the United Kingdom and France have significantly lower prices than Canada with much higher levels of R&D investment. Increasingly, the impact of the prices of medicines on companies' decisions on where to locate investment or conduct research is being questioned. Other factors such as where companies can find the best science base at reasonable cost, taxation incentives, flexible labour markets and economic stability are seen as being important.
National Prescription Drug Utilization Information System
Through the National Prescription Drug Utilization Information System (NPDUIS), the PMPRB and the Canadian Institute for Health Information work with their federal/provincial/territorial government partners to provide critical analyses of price, utilization and cost trends. In 2012, the PMPRB worked closely with its partners to support drug plan policy decision making.
The latest NPDUIS reports released are the New Drug Pipeline Monitor – Fourth Edition and The Use of Blood Glucose Test Strips in Select Public Drug Plans, 2008.
Mandate and Jurisdiction
Mission, Vision and Motto
PMPRB Strategic Plan
Reports to Parliament