text:
Categories > Interview > Making the Future Merry & Bright: Holiday Wishes From McGrory Glass
Making the Future Merry & Bright: Holiday Wishes From McGrory Glass
Patrick Tackney | December 22, 2020
One of the joys of the season is the opportunity to say thank you.
We are grateful for your business and trust, and look forward to many more years together. In warm appreciation of our association, best wishes for a happy holiday season and a wonderful New Year from everyone here at McGrory Glass!
In a time of gratitude for all that we have, giving back is the best way to express our thanks. In previous years, we've been honored to share the amazing work of the Boys and Girls Club of Philadelphia and SPARK. This holiday season, we would like to spotlight Ayuda Venezuela, a charity near and dear to our McGrory Glass family.
Jim Gulnick, our Vice President of Operations and lead engineer, and his wife, Lisett Guevara-Gulnick, support Venezuelan children in need through a special charitable organization called Ayuda Venezuela, or AyudaVen. AyudaVen's sole focus is El Hogar de Muchas Manos (The Home of Many Hands), a private Venezuelan orphanage that provides housing, food and encouragement daily to more than 140 children in their formative years.
Lisett was born in Valencia, Venezuela, and lived there until 2010 when she moved to the U.S. She has personally supported the orphanage with ongoing donations and periodic visits to encourage their activities.
"There has never been a time of greater need to show support for the people and especially Venezuelan children," she says. "Your donation and ongoing support means the world to these children and will help the organization care for a growing number of children. Personally, I feel part of this home. These children call us the aunts and uncles who help their family."
AyudaVen uses monetary donations to purchase and send food to help children at the orphanage and support ongoing nutritional and educational efforts. In addition, local children, who'd otherwise go without food, arrive at meal time. Currently home to 83 girls, Muchas Manos supports an additional 57 local children every day for lunch.
Additional weekend programs bring more than 400 children to Muchas Manos for food, community, and fellowship. "Sometimes the programs contain music and meals, but the organization always focuses on mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual growth," Lisett says.
'Many Hands' Deep, Caring Roots
A Venezuelan dentist and her husband started the Muchas Manos program in June 2005 to ensure the at-risk children living at Muchas Manos could have the opportunity to enjoy a future full of hope and possibilities.
"When a child in "The home of Many Hands" orphanage feels the responsibility to help others and recognizes that you must work hard to achieve goals, I believe there's hope for society," Lisett says. "I invite those with far fewer challenges to reflect on how far our commitment and responsibility is to put forward sustainable programs—and not to simply make a donation to fulfill a feeling of philanthropy this holiday season and beyond."
El Hogar de Muchas Manos is unique because it has remained open and sustainable, despite social, political, and economic adversities in Venezuela that have caused more than 50 other childcare homes to close in recent years.
A tour of the Muchos Manos buildings tells a lot about the organization. The children who live there learn to take care of those less fortunate than them, welcoming new children into the family. Several of the resident girls who've grown into young women with professional careers as doctors, psychologists, artists, and chefs return to work with the children.
Muchas Manos Is 'Full of Love and Colors'
Another of the most important elements of the Muchas Manos program that Lisett points to is the "holistic system to help children form habits and supplemental educational reinforcement." She says that just a single visit to the home shows that it's one of the cleanest, most organized places for children to grow up. "It's full of love and colors," Lisett says, "The children are educated, social, and caring."
Each year, the best way to celebrate the holiday season is to help others. The "Many Hands" program sponsored by Ayuda Venezuela, Inc. is now in its 155h year. Recently, the organization did a lot of good:
Purchased more than 80 pairs of different size shoes for each child
Bought mattresses, sheets, pillows, and towels for the children
Supplied baby formula for newborns who came to the orphanage, and for others born in nearby hospitals
Supplied food and toys to local families during the Christmas season
"This year, a big focus for AyudaVen is to send laptops to children at the orphanage for virtual classes," Lisett says. "Currently there's only one computer for the near 100 users. We know that many companies donate or dispose of old laptops or tablets, so this is a good opportunity to donate them."
AyudaVen will use donations for these enrichment plans in 2021:
Resources and supplies for ongoing camp activities
Construct office for onsite psychological assistance
Laptop donations for online classes
Utensils and equipment for food preparation
Ongoing food, shoes, clothing, and supplies.
When you donate, 100% of the net proceeds raised through AyudaVen will be used to purchase, box, and ship these urgently needed food and supplies in support of the programs. AyudaVen has unpaid volunteers originally from Venezuela now living in Miami, Philadelphia, Dallas and Houston. "We use donated funds to buy food and supplies, and to box and ship the items directly to the orphanage and arrange critical transportation," Lisett says.
Learn more about AyudaVen's work and El Hogar de Muchas Manos in this moving video.
ABOUT AYUDA VENEZUELA INC.
Ayuda Venezuela Inc. is a nonprofit foundation that supports the orphanage El Hogar de Muchas Manos (The Home of Many Hands) in Venezuela. There are no associations with the government or public agencies in Venezuela.
Please donate and consider monthly tax-deductible contributions via PayPal: Ayuda Venezuela, Inc., 27 Kristen Lane, Mantua, NJ 08051, as managed by Lisett Guevara-Gulnick.
Remember to use Amazon Smile to enable Amazon to use a small part of its revenue from each purchase to support AyudaVen via this link.
Written By Patrick Tackney


These gemstone hearts come in a variety of different stone types, including: Tigers Eye, Clear Quartz, Smoky Quartz, Hematite, Moss Agate, Dalmatian Jasper, Labradorite, Unakite, Sodalite, Red Jasper with Hematite, Landscape Jasper, Jade, and Snowflake Obsidian.
Be sure to choose from the drop-down menu which one you would like! The size is about 5 cm across by 3.5 cm tall and 2 cm deep. They fit very comfortably in the hand and would make excellent palm stones.
You are purchasing one piece from a collection of many.
Due to the nature of natural products, and photography techniques the color, size, and style may vary slightly from the photos. Stand pictured is not included.


text:
Jack Nelson Daugherty
February 7, 1936 May 7, 2020
There are condolences waiting approval on Jack's Tribute wall
Plant a tree in memory of Jack
3 trees planted in memory of Jack Nelson Daugherty
Celebrating the life of Jack Nelson Daugherty
Be the first to share your favorite memory, photo or story of Jack. This memorial page is dedicated for family, friends and future generations to celebrate the life of their loved one.
Obituary for Jack Nelson Daugherty
Jack Nelson Daugherty, longtime Cushing resident, passed away Thursday, May 7, 2020 with his family by his bed.
The son of the late Claude Alexander Daugherty and Anita Ruth O'Bryan Daugherty, Jack was born on February 7, 1936 in San Bernadino, California. He came to Cushing as a youth, graduating from Cushing High School. During high school he excelled in football, baseball, and track, winning All state in baseball his senior year. He was considered by many to be one of the very best athletes to come out of Cushing. He was very competitive, hating to lose and did his very best to excel at everything he did.
He served his Country in the United States Army, serving during the Korean Conflict. Following his honorable discharge in March of 1962, he return to Cushing.
He was united in marriage to Ronda Wright and to this union four daughters were born. He later married Mary Busch and gaining two more daughters.
Jack was a carpenter by trade and was known as a craftsman to the trade. He would measure multiple times before cutting once, to insure the job was completed right the first time.
He attended the First Church of God of Cushing; he enjoyed going to the Senior Citizen Center, shooting pool, talking to his many friends and being a pest to all that he could. Even after high school Jack continued to excel at sports such as golf and bowling. He loved his family, especially his grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.
Surviving include his wife Mary of the home; his children, Stacy (Ron) Pendergraff of Agra, Lisa (Karry) Simpson of Cushing, Amy (Jeffery) Jones of Cushing, Robin Buckles of Cushing, and Traci Parsel (Matthew) of Stillwater; two sisters Yovenne Kinder of West Virginia, and Judy (Ronnie) Anderson of Cushing; 16 grandchildren; 40 great-grandchildren; several nieces, nephews and other relatives and friends.
In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by one daughter, Jenny Daugherty; two brothers, Kenny and Bobby Daugherty, and one great-grandson, Breckyn Ford.
Service will be held outdoors at Crossway Church, 1214 East North Street, Cushing OK, on Saturday, May 23, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. with Pastor Sonny Johnston and Kevin Clouse officiating.
The family has requested that memorial contributions be made to the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, in his memory. (PO Box 50, Memphis, TN 38101-0050)
To plant a tree in memory of Jack Nelson Daugherty, visit the Tribute Store.
10:00 AM 5/23/2020 10:00:00 AM
Crossway Church
1214 East North Street
1214 East North Street Cushing 74023 OK
Get directions: Text Directions Email Directions Google Maps
Welcome to Jack's Memorial Wall
Share Jack Nelson Daugherty's life celebration
"Email Address" would like to share the life celebration of Jack Nelson Daugherty. Click on the "link" to go to share a favorite memory or leave a condolence message for the family.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
At: The Merchant Bar, 25 Peckover Street,
Little Germany, Bradford, BD1 5BD Tel: 01274 721100
Write to Tony Charnock
to get the email newsletter
29 Aug, 23 Sep 2013
09, 14 June 2005
05, 11 Feb 2003
26 Nov, 03 Dec 2002
12, 18, 25 June 2002
Topic Newsletter Archive
TOPIC FOLK CLUB, BRADFORD
At Glyde House, Glydegate, Bradford BD5 0BQ
Newsletter 206 - August 2019
Hello again everyone,
Happy Yorkshire Day!
Just a brief note to remind you that although we don't have any guest nights in August there will be a singers and musicians night on each of the Thursdays, starting at 8.00 pm, entry is of course free. There will be an MC each week: feel free to come down and sing a song, play a tune, read a poem, or just listen.
I'll try to get the next newsletter out a bit earlier than usual to let you know what's coming up in our Autumn season, though I may be away for the last few days in August: if you really can't wait there are some details on the website (www.topic-folk-club.org.uk). I'll mention now that the first guests of the season on 5th September will be The Hall brothers with John Carey, a welcome return for this popular local trio who have bee under the radar for a while: it will be good to see them back at the club.
A couple of items that may be of interest have just come to my notice:
FREE TICKET to Saltburn Folk Festival (including camping)
A long standing Topic member who has a ticket to Saltburn Folk Festival which runs from 9th to 11th August 2019, including camping, is unable to go due to having had an operation and is offering the ticket free to anyone who would like it. If anyone wishes to take up this kind offer, let me know asap and I'll put you in touch with the donor.
LICHFIELD ARTS SONG WRITING COMPETITION
I've just received news of this event: I'll quote the press release in full so that anyone interested can read on, or you can skip it if it's not your thing:
Singers, songwriters, musicians, and lyricists are reminded that they only have until September 7th to enter the L2F Song Writing 2019 competition.
Now in its third year, Lichfield Arts Song Writing Competition aims to support, encourage and develop new folk song writing talent. Prizes include cash awards of £150 for Best Overall Song, and £50 for Best Song in the under 19 category, time in a Recording studio to record the Best Overall Song, and all finalists will be invited to attend a song writing masterclass led by the internationally acclaimed John Tams.
For the purposes of the competition, Lichfield Arts defines 'folk' in the widest sense of the genre, encompassing both traditional and contemporary styles. Songs shortlisted for the final will be performed at Lichfield Festival of Folk (L2F) on Sunday 20th October, where awards will be made for the overall winner, and a separate award for the winner in the Under-19 category.
Entry is open to anyone resident in the United Kingdom, and entrants may enter as either individuals, or as part of a team. Up to two songs can be entered, with a maximum running time of five minutes. Entry to the competition is £5.00 per song for entrants 19 years or older on 1 September 2019, and free to entrants aged 19 or under.
Songs will be judged on their compositional merit, not on their performance.
A spokesman said 'The L2F song writing competition is a great opportunity for all creatives, it goes from strength to strength, and attracts increasingly high quality entries. Get your thinking caps on, and your vocal cords and instruments tuned. We can't wait to hear your aural creations'.
Competition entry forms, and other information is available by visiting https://l2f.co.uk/l2f/song-writing-competition-2019/enter-the-l2f-song-writing-competition/
Hope to see you in September, if not before, In the meantime have a good summer whatever you're up to.
Tony Charnock, Topic newsletter editor
Topic Folk Club


Studies suggest acupuncture as an effective tool to relieve the pain associated with CTS. Acupuncture helps to release trigger points of the forearm, relaxing the muscles and tendons and thereby decreasing swelling and inflammation of the carpal tunnel. Often times there are areas in the neck and shoulder that are tight as well and can exacerbate CTS problems. Treatment may vary from patient to patient but usually will involve twice weekly visits for a few weeks to produce quicker results.


text:
World Without God is the debut album by Finnish death metal band, Convulse. It was originally released on Thrash Records in 1991.

It was re-released by Eternal Darkness Productions in a limited print also containing the "Resuscitation Of Evilness" demo, a rehearsal from 1990 featuring the tracks "Godless Truth" and "Powerstruggle Of Belief" as well as a live cover of Venom's "Countess Bathory" taken from the "Live In Pain" bootleg.

It was re-released again, this time by Relapse Records in 2010 with Resuscitation Of Evilness demo and live songs Countess Bathory and Incantation Of Restoration as bonus tracks. It is also available in limited vinyl of the following colours:
500 black
100 clear.

Track listing

1992 debut albums
Convulse (band) albums
Relapse Records albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Yarrow – Millefolii herba (Achillea millefolium L.)
Latin name of the genus: Millefolii herba
Latin name of herbal substance: Achillea millefolium l.
English common name of herbal substance: Yarrow
Used to: Gastrointestinal disorders; Loss of appetite; Skin disorders & minor wounds; Urinary tract and gynaecology disorder;
Botanical name of plant: Achillea millefolium L.
Herbal substance(s) Definition:
The whole or cut dried flowering tops of yarrow, Achillea millefolium.
This definition can be found in:
European Pharmacopoeia 7th ed. (2010) Yarrow,
Extra Pharmacopoeia Martindale XXV. Edition (Todd 1976),
Herbal Medicines (Newal et al. 1996), (Barnes et al. 2007),
WHO Monographs (Volume 4, 2009),
ESCOP Monographs (Supplement 2009).
Fresh or dried aerial (above ground) part collected during the flowering season of Achillea millefolium.
Pharmacopoeia Hungarica Editio VI. Tomus III, 1967,
Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis (Kern 1969),
German Commission E Monograph 1990,
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1996 (dried aerial parts),
British Herbal Compendium (dried aerial parts) (Volume 1, Bradley 1992),
Assessor's comment: The MLWP decided to use the definition of the European Pharmacopoeia monograph for Yarrow.
Herbal preparation(s)
Communited herbal substance as infusion for tea preparation (Augustin et al. 1948, Todd 1967, BHP 1974, Rácz et al. 1984, German Commission E monograph 1990, Blumenthal et al. 1998, Wren 1988, Bisset 1994, Newal et al. 1996, Hänsel et al. 1992, Bradley 1992)
Expressed juice (1:1) from fresh herb (Blumenthal et al. 1998, Hänsel et al. 1992)
Liquid extract (1:1), extraction solvent: ethanol 25% (V/V) (Wren 1988, Bradley 1992, Newal et al. 1996, BHP 1974)
Tincture (1:5) extraction solvent: ethanol 45% (V/V) (Bradley 1992, Newal et al. 1996, BHP 1974)
Combinations of herbal substance(s) and/or herbal preparation(s) including a description of vitamin(s) and/or mineral(s) as ingredients of traditional combination herbal medicinal products assessed, where applicable.
Millefolii herba is a frequent component of combinations mainly for mild cramp-like, gastrointestinal complaints, catarrh and loss of appetite.
Phytochemical characteristics
Achillea millefolium L. s.l. is a cytogenetically, morphologically, and chemically polymorphic aggregate. The genus Achillea consists of about 140 perennial herbs native in the Northern hemisphere.
Principal components of the herbal substance
Yarrow contains 3-4% condensed and hydrolysable tannins; 0.3-1.4% volatile oils, mostly linalool, borneol, camphor, β-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, and sesquiterpene lactones composed of guaianolides, mainly achillicin (a proazulene), achillin, leucodin, and germacranolides (dihydroparthenolide, achillifolin, millefin); flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, rutin); amino acids (alanine, histidine, leucine, lysine); fatty acids (linoleic, palmitic, oleic); phenolic acids (caffeic, salicylic); vitamins (ascorbic acid, folic acid); alkaloids and bases (achiceine, achilleine, betaine, choline); alkanes (tricosane); polyacetylenes; saponins; sterols (β-sitosterol); sugars (dextrose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose); and coumarins (Blumenthal et al. 2000).
According to the literature the pharmacological effects are mainly due to the essential oil, proazulenes and other sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic compounds such as dicaffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids. However, according to the two below mentioned articles these components can be found in very different quantities in the various plant materials.
Benedek et al. (2007 (a)) developed a SPE-HPLC/UV method that allows quantification of the phenolic constituents in the different taxa in order to evaluate their contribution to the chemotaxonomy of European taxa of the A. millefolium group. The investigated species displayed differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Hence, they seem to be of chemotaxonomic significance, especially for the distinction of the diploid taxa. Combining the obtained results with the data of the sesquiterpene analyses they can give a comprehensive insight into the distribution of those pharmacologically relevant plant constituents in the A. millefolium group.
In their study Benedek et al. (2008) revealed that the quality of 40 commercial drug samples was very heterogenous and only 50% of the samples met the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia.
1.2. Information about products on the market in the Member States
Regulatory status overview
This regulatory overview is not legally binding and does not necessarily reflect the legal status of the products in the MSs concerned.
Table I. Products on the market as provided by the Member states.
The assessment report of Millefolii herba is based on the following literature resources:
Monographs: ESCOP Monographs (Supplement 2009), WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants (Volume 4 2009), Hagers Handbuch (Hansel et al. 1992), Expanded Commission E Monograph (Blumenthal et al. 2000).
Articles and references retrieved from data bases (Pubmed, Toxnet) or internet sources (e.g. Google) until the end of 2009. The term Achillea millefolium was searched.
Articles and data that were found to be relevant for assessment are included in the list of references.
2. Historical data on medicinal use
2.1. Information on period of medicinal use in the Community
According to Blumenthal et al. (2000), yarrow has been used as medicine by many cultures for hundreds of years (Budavari 1996; Zeylstra 1997). Its English common name is a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon name gearwe; the Dutch, yerw. The genus name Achillea may derive from Achilles of the Greek mythology, who was fabled to have had his wounds treated by topical use of the herb. The species name millefolium derives from the many segments of its foliage. The ancient Europeans called it Herba Militaris, the military herb – an ointment made from it was used as vulnerary drug on battle wounds. Yarrow flower was formerly official in the United States Pharmacopoeia. Additionally, it is listed in the Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia for fevers and wound healing (Karnick 1994).
European National pharmacopoeial monographs:
Hungarian Pharmacopoeia 6th Edition Volume III (1967),
Extra Pharmacopoeia Martindale Twenty-fifth edition (1967),
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP) 1974, 1996,
Polish Herbal Compendium (1978),
German Pharmacopoeia (1997),
Austrian, Czech, French, Romanian Pharmacopoeias (mentioned by Newal et al. 1996). Other monographs:
Hungarian Herbal Drugs (Augustin et al. 1948),
German Commission E monograph (1990),
Hagers Handbuch (Kern et al. 1969, Hansel et al. 1992),
Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations (Wren 1988).
2.2. Information on traditional/current indications and specified substances/preparations
Evidence regarding the indication/traditional use
In Belgium (cited in Bradley 1992):
Circulaire No. 367 of July 1991: Traditionally used topically as soothing antipruriginous application for dermatological affection.
In France (cited in Bradley 1992):
Bulletin Officiel No.90/22 bis: Achillée millefeuille, sommité fleurie.
Taken orally: traditionally used in symptomatic treatment digestive disorders such as epigastric distension; sluggishness of digestion; belching; flatulence as adjuvant treatment for painful component of spasmodic colitis.
Traditionally used topically as soothing and antipruriginous application for dermatological ailments, as protective treatment for cracks, grazes, chaps and against insect bites.
In Germany:
As aromatic, somatic, adstringent, choleretic, in problems of menstruation, in bleeding haemorrhoids, varicose veins, as diuretic in hypertension, diaphoretic, liver problems, emmenagogue, abortifacient, in pertussis, lung tuberculosis, haematoma, as an infusion or expressed juice from fresh herb for spring- cure. Externally it is used for healing wounds and ulcers similarly as chamomile (Kern et al. 1969).
Internally: loss of appetite; dyspeptic complaints such as mild, spasmodic disturbances in the gastrointestinal region. In hip baths: painful, cramp-like conditions of psychosomatic origin (in the lower part of female pelvis) (German Commission E monograph 1990, Hänsel et al. 1992).
Gastrointestinal complaints (inflammation, diarrhoea, flatulence, cramps), as bitter aromatic for loss of appetite, and for stimulation of bile secretion. Externally: inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes, for healing wounds. In folk medicine, the drug is often employed as haemostyptic, e.g. for bleeding from haemorrhoids, and in problems of menstruation and to treat perspiration (baths) (Bisset 1994, Hänsel et al. 1992).
The use of Millefolii herba in case of dysmenorrhoea is mentioned already in the Madaus handbook (1938) until now, in recent editions of handbooks on phytotherapy (e.g. Fintelmann and Weiss 2002). In this reference also the use of the infusion (1 spoon of comminuted herbal substance per cup, several times a day) is mentioned.
In Romania (Rácz et al. 1984):
It is used for the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, gastric-, duodenal ulcer, catarrh of the colon. It is used externally for bathing of babies, and of patients with eczema as well as rinse in parodonditis.
In the United Kingdom:
Diaphoretic, stimulant, and haemostatic (Todd 1967).
Indications: feverish conditions, common cold; digestive complaints. Other uses: loss of appetite, hypertension, menstrual irregularities. It is used topically for slow-healing wounds and skin inflammation (Newal et al. 1992, Bradley 1992, British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1974, Wren 1988, first published in 1907).
In Hungary:
Millefolii herba belongs to the bitter substances, because it stimulates the digestive system and metabolism. In folk medicine, it has been used in female diseases, especially in the climacteric period; the drug is often employed as a haemostyptic in bleedings from the intestine, uterus, lung or nose (Augustin et al. 1948).
The proposed indications for the monograph:
Indications based on products on the markets for more than 30 years:
Traditional herbal medicinal product used for temporary loss of appetite (indication 1)).
Traditional herbal medicinal product for symptomatic treatment of mild, spasmodic gastro- intestinal complaints including bloating, and flatulence (indication 2)).
Traditional herbal medicinal product for treatment of small superficial wound.(indication 4)) Indications based on literature:
For symptomatic treatment of minor spasm associated with menstrual periods (indication 3)).
Assessor's comment: During the consultation period indication 3 in the form of hip baths was recommended by an interested party based on the reference of Weiss RF 1982. The working party questioned the plausibility of this indication. Spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory or analgesic effect cannot be expected through cutaneous use. Only the warm water may have some spasmolytic effect. Moreover incomplete usage data such as the duration of treatment lead to the decision not to accept this form of administration.
Evidence regarding specified substances/preparations
Herbal substance:
Herbal preparations:
In the literature:
Comminuted herbal substance as infusion for tea preparation (Kern et al. 1969, Hansel et al. 1992, BHP 1974, 1983, Augustin et al. 1948, Rácz et al. 1984, German Commission E monograph 1990, Wren 1988, Bisset 1994, Newal et al. 1996, Bradley 1992, Bisset 1994, Newal et al. 1996)
Liquid extract (DER: 1:1), extraction solvent: ethanol 25% (V/V) (BHP 1974, Wren 1988, Bradley 1992, Newal et al. 1996)
Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent: 1:5), extraction solvent: ethanol 45% (V/V) (BHP 1974, Bradley 1992, Newal et al. 1996)
Products on the market for more than thirty years:
Comminuted herbal substance
Expressed juice from fresh herb (DER 1:0.65-0.85)
Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent: 1:5), extraction solvent ethanol 31.5% (V/V).
Assessor's comment: The two expressed juices are combined in the monograph:
Expressed juice from fresh herb (DER 1:0.6-0.9).
2.3. Specified strength/posology/route of administration/duration of use for relevant preparations and indications
Indication 1) and 2):
Comminuted herbal substance as infusion for tea preparation
Three times daily: 2-4 g (Todd 1967, Bradley 1992, Hänsel et al. 1992).
Daily dose: 4.5 g of yarrow herb (German Commission E monograph 1990, Bisset 1994).
Wording of the package insert, from the German Standard Licence:
Hot water (ca. 150 ml) is poured over two teaspoonfuls (2-4 g) of yarrow and after 10 minutes passed through a tea strainer. Unless otherwise prescribed, a cup of freshly prepared infusion is taken when still warm three or four times a day between meals (in Bisset 1994, Hänsel et al. 1992).
Single dose: 1.5 g (Kern 1969).
Herbal tea: 3.5 g of herbal substance as infusion in ½ glass of boiling water 2-3 times daily (products on the market for more than 30 years in Poland).
Expressed juice from fresh herb
DER 1:0.6-0.9; 3 times daily 5 ml liquid containing 100% expressed juice (product on the market for more than 30 years).
DER 1:0.8–1; 2 times daily 10 ml liquid containing 100% expressed juice (product on the market for more than 30 years).
Expressed juice (DER: 1:0.6-0.9) from fresh herb 5-10 ml twice or three times daily.
Liquid extract (DER: 1:1), extraction solvent: ethanol 25% (V/V): 2-4ml three times daily (Wren 1988, Bradley 1992, Newal et al. 1996, BHP 1974).
Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent: 1:5), extraction solvent: ethanol 45% (V/V): 2-4 ml three times daily (Bradley 1992, Newal et al. 1996, BHP1974).
Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent: 1:5), extraction solvent: ethanol 31.5% (V/V) 4 times daily 4.3 ml (=4.2 g) (products on the market for more than 30 years).
Indication 3):
One spoon of comminuted herbal substance per cup, as infusion, several times a day (Madaus 1938, Fintelmann and Weiss 2002).
Herbal substance as herbal tea (infusion) 3.5 g of herbal substance in ½ glass of boiling water 2–3 times daily (products on the market for more than 30 years in Poland).
The posology in the monograph
Adolescents, adults and elderly.
Single dose.
Oral use:
Indications 1) and 2):
a)Herbal tea: 2-4g of the comminuted herbal substance in 250 ml boiling water as a herbal infusion three or four times a day between meals.
b)Expressed juice 5-10 ml twice or three times daily.
c)Liquid extract 2-4 ml three times daily.
d)Tincture extraction solvent ethanol 45% (V/V) 2–4 ml three times daily.
e)Tincture extraction solvent ethanol 31.5% (V/V) 4.3 ml (=4.2 g) four times daily.
For the indication "loss of appetite" the liquid preparations are to be taken 30 minutes before meals.
Herbal tea: 1-2 g of the comminuted herbal substance in 250 ml boiling water as a herbal infusion 2-3 times daily.
Cutaneous use:
Comminuted herbal substance for infusion preparation for cutaneous use: 3.5 g of the comminuted herbal substance in 250 ml water 2-3 times daily.
The use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended (see section 4.4 'Special warnings and precautions for use').
Assessor's comment: The use of the comminuted herbal substance by adolescents was accepted taking into consideration that Millefoii flos liquid extract has been used traditionally by adolescents for more than 30 years. There are no safety concerns since a herbal tea preparation contains assumingly a similar or rather lower amount of ingredients compared to a liquid extract prepared with liquor vine: ethanol 96% (V/V) 91:9 (m/m). The cutaneous use for adolescents can also be considered as safe.
Duration of use
If the symptoms persist more than 2 weeks during the use of the medicinal product, a doctor or a qualified health care practitioner should be consulted.
Indications 3 and 4):
If the symptoms persist more than 1 week during the use of the medicinal product, a doctor or a qualified health care practitioner should be consulted.
Indications 1), 2) and 3):
Cutaneous use: to be applied to the affected area in a form of impregnated dressing.
In vitro studies
Anti-inflammatory activity
An extract of yarrow herb, prepared as 0.2 mg/ml of a lyophilized cold water extract, produced 41±2% inhibition of platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced exocytosis of elastase from human neutrophils.
The same extract (0.2 mg/ml) showed 21±2% activity in a test for inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from 14C-arachidonic acid (Tunón et al. 1995).
As various proteases, for instance human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9), are associated with the inflammatory process, the aim of the study was to test a methanolic [20% (V/V)] lyophilized extract (DER:2.75:1) of powdered aerial parts of Achillea millefolium L. s.l in in vitro-protease inhibition assays for understanding the mechanisms of anti- inflammatory action. Furthermore, two fractions enriched in flavonoids and dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs), respectively, were also tested in order to evaluate their contribution to the antiphlogistic activity of the plant. The extract and the flavonoid fraction inhibited HNE showing IC50 values of approximately 20 microgram/ml, whereas the DCQA fraction was less active (IC50=72 microgram/ml). The inhibitory activity on MMP-2 and -9 was observed at IC50 values from 600 to 800 microgram/ml, whereas the DCQA fraction showed stronger effects than the flavonoid fraction and the extract. The authors concluded that the in vitro antiphlogistic activity of Achillea was at least partially mediated by inhibition of HNE and MMP-2 and -9 (Benedek et al. 2007 (b)).
An inhibitory effect of the water soluble fraction of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium was measured with the value of IC50=1.25 mg/ml on soybean 15-lipoxygenase assay (IC50=concentration which gave 50% inhibition) (Trouillas et al. 2003).
Anti-oxidant effects
An anti-oxidant activity of the water-soluble fraction from a hydro-alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium was demonstrated in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging test (IC50=0.13 mg/ml), in the hydroxyl radical scavenging test IC50=0.26 mg/ml) and in the superoxide radical scavenging test (IC50=0.82 mg/ml). Other 15 plant extracts were also tested, and the antioxidant effects were correlated with the total amount of phenolic compounds contained in the extracts (Trouillas et al. 2003).
Infusions of pulverized flower heads of various Achillea (Asteraceae) species protected human erythrocytes and leucocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage. This was shown by increased catalase, superoxid dismutase and glutation peroxidase activities, as well as by reduced glutathione content of the cells and decrease in lipid peroxidation (Konyalioglu and Karamenderes 2005).
Steam-distilled and non-distilled plant material from yarrow (A. millefolium L.) was extracted with solvents of different polarity and the resulting fractions were evaluated for their radical scavenging activity by the DPPH, NBT/hypoxanthine superoxide, and •OH/luminol chemiluminescence methods and for their antioxidant activity by the β-carotene blenching test. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Both, a remarkably high phenolic content and radical scavenging activities were found for the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions. In general, the distilled plant material was found to exhibit a higher phenolic content as well as antioxidant and radical scavenging activities than the non-distilled material (Parejo et al. 2002)
The in vitro antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. were investigated by Candan et al. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 36 compounds, constituting 90.8% of the total oil. Eucalyptol, camphor, alpha- terpineol, beta-pinene, and borneol were the principal components comprising 60.7% of the oil. The oil strongly reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (IC50=1.56 micro g/ml) and exhibited the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect in the Fe(3+)-EDTA-H(2)O(2) deoxyribose system (IC50 =2.7 micro g/ml). It also inhibited the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenate (IC50 =13.5 micro g/ml). The polar phase of the extract showed antioxidant activity (Candan et al. 2003).
The above mentioned water-soluble fraction from a hydro-alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium showed a anti-proliferative effect on B16 mouse melanoma cells after two days of growth. It inhibited cell proliferation at 0.05-0.1mg/ml concentration (Trouillas et al. 2003).
The mechanism of anti-tumour activity of the flavonoid casticin, derived from Achillea millefolium was studied by Haidara K. et al. (2006). Casticin anti-tumour activity results in cell growth arrest in G2/M and in apoptotic death. As a tubulin-binding agent (TBA), casticin induces p21, which in turn inhibits Cdk1. Moreover, casticin appears to downregulate cyclin A. These observations could explain casticin induced G2/M arrest. Following casticin exposure, Bcl-2 depletion occurs in cancer cells, and a sub-G1 accumulation occurs in the cell cycle. Moreover, following a transient transfection with Bcl-2 MN1, cells are resistant to casticin. According to the authors a number of features suggest that casticin could be important in cancer therapy. Indeed, Pgp overexpressing cells are not resistant to casticin, and its cell killing effect is observed even in p53 mutant or null cell lines (Haidara et al. 2006).
The antiproliferative activities of n-hexane, chloroform, aqueous-methanol and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of the Achillea millefolium aggregate on three human tumour cell lines were investigated by means of MTT assays. The chloroform-soluble extract exerted high tumour cell proliferation inhibitory activities on HeLa and MCF-7 cells, and a moderate effect on A431 cells; accordingly, it was subjected to detailed bioactivity-guided fractionation. As a result of the multistep chromatographic purifications (VLC, CPC, PLC, gel filtration), five flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, centaureidin, casticin and artemetin) and five sesquiterpenoids (paulitin, isopaulitin, psilostachyin C, desacetylmatricarin and sintenin) were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. The antiproliferative assay demonstrated that centaureidin is the most effective constituent of the aerial parts of yarrow: high cell growth inhibitory activities were observed especially on HeLa (IC50=0.0819 microm) and MCF-7 (IC50=0.1250 microm) cells. Casticin and paulitin were also highly effective against all three tumour cell lines (IC50=1.286-4.76 microm), while apigenin, luteolin and isopaulitin proved to be moderately active (IC50 =6.95-32.88 microm). Artemetin, psilostachyin C, desacetylmatricarin and sintenin did not display antiproliferative effects against these cell lines (Csupor-Löffler et al. 2009).
A lyophilized decoction (approx. 5:1) from yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) was evaluated for anti- hepatoma activity (cytotoxicity) on five human liver cancer cell lines; at 2mg/ml the average inhibition of proliferation was 55% on non-hepatitis B virus cell lines and 20% on hepatitis B virus cell lines (Lin et al. 2002 – abstract).
Oestrogenic activity
Dry methanolic and 10%-methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of A. millefolium showed oestrogenic activity in transgenic MCF-7 cells. The lowest effective concentrations were 8.57 x 10-5 mg/ml and 2.8 x 10-4 mg/ml respectively (p<0.01). Positive oestrogenic effects were also observed with compounds isolated from the 10%-methanolic extract: apigenin (2.5 x 10-4 mg/ml) luteolin (8.9 x 10-3 mg/ml) and their 7-O–glucosides (3.9 x10-5 mg/ml and 3.4 x10-5 mg/ml respectively). Apigenin and luteolin, the most important estrogenic compounds among those tested, were studied for their ability to activate alpha or beta oestrogen receptors (ERalpha, ERbeta) using transiently transfected cells. On the basis of their results the authors suggest that apigenin can stimulate ERs-dependent biological pathways, although with a smaller potency as compared with the endogenous hormone. Both receptors, alpha and beta, can be activated by apigenin. Luteolin seems to have a very slight effect on beta receptors and does not seem to activate alpha receptors at all. However the role of apigenin in emmenagogic effects of A. millefolium – as traditionally reported- can not be defined on this basis (Innocenti et al. 2007).
Antispasmodic activity
Antispasmodic activity on isolated rabbit intestine has been documented for flavonoid-containing fraction of the aerial parts of yarrow (Hoerhammer 1961).
The spasmolytic activity of a flavonoid fraction of a commercial sample of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l), its main flavonoids as well as quercetin and two flavonoid metabolites were investigated on isolated guinea-pig ilea. The aglycones quercetin, luteolin and apigenin exhibited the highest antispasmodic activities with IC50 values of 7.8 µmol/L, 9.8 µmol/L and 12.5 µmol/L, respectively. Rutin and the flavonoid metabolites homovanillic and homoproto-catechuic acid showed no significant effects on contractility of the terminal ilea. From the results on the spasmolytic activity of the flavonoid fraction, the glycosides and respective aglycones it was concluded by the author that in tea prepared from yarrow the concentration of flavonoids high enough to exert a spasmolytic effect in gut, which is mainly caused by blockade of the calcium inward current, but additionally also by mediator- antagonistic effects (Lemmens-Gruber et al. 2006).
In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, a 70%-methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Achillea millefolium (DER: 5.5:1) caused a concentration-dependent (0.3-10 mg/mL) relaxation of both spontaneous and K+-induced contractions as well as shifting the Ca++ concentration-response curves to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil (Yaeesh et al. 2006).
Choleretic effect
Benedek et al. (2006) investigated the choleretic effect in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) of a fraction from a 20% methanolic extract of the aerial part of yarrow enriched in dicaffeoylquinic acids (48%) and luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (3.4%) compared to cynarin (1,3-DCCA), the main choleretic compound of Cynara scolymus L. IPRL experiments revealed a dose-dependent increase in bile flow (23-44-47%) by the Achillea fraction. Choleresis was two- to three-fold higher than that of cynarin. The combined effect of DCCAs and luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide stimulated bile flow more effectively than the single compound cynarin. Due to their polar structure, these compounds are quantitatively extracted into teas and tinctures; hence, according to the authors, they seem to be the choleretic active principles in the traditional application forms of yarrow.
Antimicrobal activity
A lipophilic extract of aerial parts of Achillea millefolium (hexane: ether: methanol=1:1:1 solvent, DER approx. 11:1) has been tested for antimicrobial activity in a disk diffusion assay against five bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The extract possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all tested strains (Stojanovic et al. 2005).
A 95%-ethanolic extract, from fresh plant (Achillea millefolium) exhibited antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium phlei, but not against fungi or Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria (Dornberger and Lich 1982).
A 95% methanolic extract of powered aerial parts of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) inhibited 15 different strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori with MICs in the range of 1.56-100 microg/mL (Mahady et al. 2005).
The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and of the methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) were investigated. The oil showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter woffii and Candida krusei while water-insoluble parts of the methanolic extracts exhibited slight or no activity (Candan et al. 2003).
Haemostyptic activity
A 5% m/V hot water infusion of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) significantly shortened recalcification time (a test of blood coagulation) in human plasma to 43% of that of the reference substance, 0.9% sodium chloride (p<0.001). The flowering herb had the highest hamostypic activity, whereas pressed juice significantly prolonged blood coagulation (p<0.05 to p<0.001) (Sellerberg and Glasl 2000).
In vivo studies
Antiprotozoal activity
In this study, the efficacy of herbal extracts of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Achillea millefolium (yarrow), propolis hydroalcoholic extract and systemic glucantime against cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balb/c mice were evaluated. A total of 45 mice were randomised into five groups each including nine mice. They were treated with pure ethanol 70 degrees, systemic glucantime, Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract, Thymus vulgaris hydroalcoholic extract and propolis hydroalcoholic extract for six weeks. The statistical tests including student t-test were used for analysis. Mean of ulcer size reduction were -17.66, -22.57, 43.29, 36.09 and 43.77% for the alcohol, glucantime, yarrow, thyme and propolis groups, respectively. The results were suggestive that Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and propolis hydroalcoholic extracts were significantly more effective in reduction of ulcer size as compared with glucantime (p = 0.006, 0.002 and 0.008, respectively) (Nilforoushzadeh et al. 2008).
Analgesic effects
The aim of the study of Noureddini and Rasta was to assess the analgesic effects of aqueous extract (AE) of Achillea millefolium L. in the rat's formalin test. Oral administration of different doses of AE (80, 160 and 320 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent antinociception, both in the first and second phases of the formalin test. The results of the present study support the proposal that Achillea millefolium L. has analgesic effects. These findings justify the traditional use of the plant for treating pain and suggest that its activity may result from its central action (Noureddini and Rasta 2008).
An aqueous extract of the dry flower heads of Achillea millefolium has been found to possess anti- inflammatory activity as measured by the yeast–induced mouse paw oedema test. Fractionation has resulted in the isolation of a material which reduces inflammation by 35% compared to 44% and 26% respectively for the same doses (40 mg/kg body weight) of indometacin and phenylbutazone. The authors emphasised that the concentrate is water-soluble, nonsteroidal and has a very low toxicity. It was further reported, that physical and chemical studies showed the active fraction to be a mixture of protein-carbo-hydrate complexes (Goldberg et al. 1969).
A dry 80%-ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) administered orally at 100 mg/kg, inhibited oedema in the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test by 29% (p<0.05) compared to 45% by indometacin at 5 mg/kg. (p<0.01) (Mascolo et al. 1987)
Gastro protective effects:
Seven days after induction of chronic gastric lesions in rats by acetic acid a hot (70ºC) water extract (yield 36%, approximately DER: 2.8:1) from the aerial part of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), was administered orally at 100 or 300 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Compared to controls, a significant and dose- dependent healing effect was observed (p<0.05, ED50 = 32.4 mg/kg). However, the same treatment started 1 day after injection of acetic acid did not prevent the formation of gastric ulcers. Oral pre- treatment of rats with the extract one hour before induction of acute gastric lesions by ethanol had a dose-dependent protective effect (p<0.05, ED50 = 936 mg/kg). Gastric lesions induced by indometacin one hour after subcutaneous administration of the extract were significantly reduced (p<0.05) only with the highest dose tested, 2000 mg/kg (Cavalcanti et al. 2006).
Hepato-protective effect:
A dry extract of aerial parts of yarrow (5.5:1, 70% methanol) administered intra-peritoneally at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight exerted a protective effect against D-galactosamine+lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice, significantly and dose-dependently reducing plasma ALT and AST levels in treated animals compared to controls (p<0.05). In liver histopathology an absence of congestion and focal necrosis was observed in treated animals, with dose-dependent improvement in cellular swelling and the number of apoptotic cells. Pre-treatment of the animals with the extract reduced mortality from 100% to 40% (Yaeesh S et al. 2006).
The antihepatotoxic activity of dry extracts of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), of varying polarity (following extraction with chloroform, methanol or water) was evaluated in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride or paracetamol as toxicants. Liver function was assessed by determining the levels of serum glutamic oxalacetate transaminase (ALAT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ASAT), increases indicating necrosis of the liver. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract at 50 mg/kg reduced ALAT/ASAT levels by 50-96% in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals and 41-91% in paracetamol-treated animals (p <0.05) (considering the difference in levels between untreated and toxicant-treated animals as 100%) (Gadgoli and Mishra 1995).
Cardiac activity
The effects of Achillea millefolium total extract on the electrocardiogram, cardiac enzymes and serum electrolytes in 12 clinically healthy sheep were investigated. The treatment group was administered intravenously a total extract of Achillea millefolium (no details on DER and extraction solvent are available) at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The control group received normal saline. Base-apex electrocardiogram was recorded up to 2 hours and blood samples for measuring an extensive array of serum enzymes and electrolytes were collected until 3 days after administration. Some occasional changes in electrophysiological parameters were observed, whereas Achillea millefolium had no significant effect on serum enzymes and electrolytes. The authors concluded that Achillea millefolium extract increased cardiac contractility after 2 hours (Rahchamani et al. 2008 – abstract).
No pharmacokinetic data are available.
Single dose toxicity
Yarrow dry extracts of varying polarity (following extraction with chloroform, methanol or water) were non-toxic in mice; the intraperitoneal LD50 was determined as 1.5 g/kg body weight (Gadgoli and Mishra 1995).
Non-fasted rats of both sexes were treated with a single dose of hot water extract (yield 36%, approximately DER: 2.8:1) from the aerial part of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) at doses of 3 and 10g/kg orally or 1 and 3g/kg intraperitoneally. No toxic symptoms over the observational period of 14 days were observed (Cavalcanti et al. 2006).
After intraperitoneal treatment of mice with an extract (70% aqueous-methanol solution, yield 18%, approximately DER: 5.6:1) of the aerial parts of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) at 3g/kg body weight no changes in behaviour were apparent during a 6-hour observation period and no mortality was observed after 24 hours (Yaeesh et al. 2006).
According to a safety assessment of its use in cosmetics, the oral and subcutaneous LD50 values of yarrow, Achillea millefolium L. extract (2% flowers in propylene glycol and water) in mice were both 1g/kg (Anonymous 2001).
Female and male Wistar rats were treated daily with a hot water extract (yield 36%, approximately DER: 2.8:1) from the aerial part of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in doses of 0.3-1.2 g/kg, p.o./day or vehicle (water, 10 ml/kg/day) for 28 or 90 consecutive days. Rats were observed throughout the study for morbidity, mortality and vital signs and in the end of the study, fairly extensive pathological, histopathological and biochemical investigations were carried out. Occasional deviations from controls or reference values were observed, but none of the changes observed after treatments with the extract correlated with dose or time of exposure in either female or male animals and did not exceed the reference range of variation (Cavalcanti et al. 2006).
Genotoxity studies:
No adequate genotoxicity studies have been performed with Millefolii herba.
A herbal tea from Achillea millefolium provided some, albeit inconclusive evidence of genotoxicity in the wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). Quercetin and rutin, two flavonols present in beverages of plant origin, exhibited weak genotoxic activity in somatic cells of Drosophila. The standard herbal teas (infusions) were prepared by adding 20 g dry tea to 100 ml boiling tap water and allowing it to draw for 10 min (Graf et al. 1994).
The genotoxicity evaluation of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium was performed at concentrations of 0.13 microL/mL, 0.19 microL/mL and 0.25 microL/mL with a heterozygous diploid strain of Aspergillus nidulans, named A757//UT448, with green conidia. A statistically significant increase of mitotic recombinants due to either the induction of mitotic non-disjunction or crossing-over was reported after oil treatment with 0.19 microL/mL and 0.25 microL/mL concentrations (de Sant'anna et al. 2009 – abstract).
In the present study, the action of an infusion prepared from the leaves of Achillea millefolium L. (Am) was assessed in vitro on chromosomal aberration formation in a human lymphocyte system alone or in combination with the alkylating agent mitomycin C (MMC) and the DNA repair inhibitor cytosine-beta- arabino-furanoside (Ara-C). The cells were cultivated for 72 hours and treated continuously with the Am infusion at dosages of 3.5 x 10(-4) g/ml culture medium. Treatments with MMC (0.30 microg/ml) or Ara-C (5 x 10(-7) microg/ml) were administered after 48 hours of cell culture. Each sample (five individual) was exposed to six treatments (control with PBS; Am; MMC; MMC+Am; Ara-C; and Ara- C+Am) and 100 cells were analysed per cell culture. The used dose of the infusion did not cause clastogenic effects significantly different from the negative control (control=1%; Am=1.8%). Nevertheless, the aberrant cell frequency after MMC treatment significantly increased by the Am infusion (MMC=32.4%; MMC+Am=44%), especially when the chromatid break types number was scored (MMC=151; MMC+Am=249). Regarding DNA repair inhibition by Ara-C, the Am infusion did not cause a significant reduction in aberrant cell frequency (Ara-C=15.8%; Ara-C+Am=14.4%). These results indicate that the plant infusion per se does not possess clastogenic activity, but can influence the clastogenic action of MMC and Ara-C on DNA break induction, in vitro (Roncada et al. 2004).
Because yarrow has traditionally been used as an abortifacient, emmenagogue, contraceptive, and for stimulating uterine contractions, it is contra-indicated for use in pregnancy. Two experimental animal studies have addressed reproductive toxicity of yarrow. In a study of Boswell-Ruys et al. (2003), female rats were administered orally, by gavage, 2.8 g/kg body weight/day (56 times the human dose)
of ethanolic solution of a commercial yarrow leaf extract on either gestation days (GD) 1-8 or GD 8-15. Two groups of controls were included; the first received water and the second received an equivalent dose of ethanol to that found in the yarrow preparation over the two gestation periods. On GD 20, rats were sacrificed, placentae were weighed, and corpora lutea counted. The foetuses were weighed and examined for signs of external, internal or skeletal malformations. The dose used was not materno- toxic. There was no increase in pre- or post-implantation losses. Placental weights were increased in rats treated with yarrow on GD 8-15 compared to water and ethanol controls and on GD 1-8 compared to water control foetuses. Body weight was reduced in foetuses exposed to yarrow on GD 8-15 compared to water control foetuses. There was no difference in incidence of external or internal malformations. In conclusion, a 2.8 g/kg body weight daily dose of yarrow was associated with reduced foetal weight and increased placental weight (Boswell-Ruys et al. 2003).
Another study (Dalsenter et al. 2004) evaluated the toxicity of the exposure to the aqueous extract from leaves of Achillea millefolium L. on reproductive endpoints in Wistar rats. Adult male rats were treated daily with yarrow extract (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 g/kg/day) during 90 days by oral gavage. Endpoints including reproductive organ weights, sperm and spermatid numbers as well as sperm morphology were evaluated. No clinical signs of toxicity were detected over the treatment period, and body weight gain was similar in all groups. A significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm in the group treated with the highest dose of yarrow extract was detected with no other important changes in the other reproductive endpoints studied in the male rats. Furthermore, a 3-day treatment of immature female rats did not show any uterotrophic effects (Dalsenter et al. 2004).
The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) of Achillea millefolium L. yarrow flowers on spermatogenesis of 50 Wistar rats was investigated by intraperitoneal administration. The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups (10 rats in each group) and a control group (10 rats received distilled water) and 1 sham group (10 rats received nothing). At the dose of 200 mg/kg, there was no effect on spermatogenesis and all cells had normal arrangement and count. At the dose of 400 mg/kg, a significant difference in cell arrangement and cell count was observed, but after 22 days, on which 5 rats of this group were kept without any extract administration, there was no significant difference between them and the control group, so at this dose the effect was reversible. At the dose of 800 mg/kg a significant effect was observed as well, but after 22 days it was not reversible (Takzaree et al. 2008).
Sensitisation potential
Sensitisation potential was assessed in groups of guinea pigs (Hausen et al. 1991) in a modified Freund's complete adjuvant method, by 0.1% and 1% crude ethylether extract of the whole yarrow plant, and by 0.1% and 1% crude ethylether extract of the flowers. The sensitisation potential of the sesquiterpene lactone alpha-peroxyachifolid was also tested at 0.01% and 0.1% using groups of 10 guinea pigs and at 1% using a group of 3 guinea pigs. All animals tested with extracts of the whole plant and with flower extract were sensitised. Sesquiterpene lactone alpha-peroxyachifolid was identified as a strong sensitiser. Other known yarrow constituents like dehydromatricaria ester and pontica epoxide appear to play no role.
The above mentioned pharmacological studies made the proposed indications plausible.
The indication of temporary loss of appetite is based on the bitter component(s) of the herbal substance. A limit for the bitter value of up to 5000 is included in the German Pharmacopoeia 1997.
The beneficial effect on mild, spasmodic gastro-intestinal complaints including bloating, and flatulence can be supported by the experiments on the inflammatory, antispasmodic and choleretic activity of the
herbal substance. These activities are connected to the sesquiterpenes, phenolic (such as dicaffeoylquinic acids) and flavonoid content of yarrow.
The antispasmodic and analgesic properties of the plant may support its effectiveness in the indication of symptomatic treatment of minor spasms associated with menstrual periods.
The studies on antimicrobial and antiphlogistic activity may make the wound healing effect plausible.
Adequate tests on reproductive toxicity genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have not been performed. Three experimental studies on embryotoxicity and reproductive toxicity demonstrate relatively marginal effects. Guinea pig sensitisation tests indicated some sensitisation potential for yarrow extracts and one sesquiterpene lactone component.
There was no clinical study performed with yarrow herb as a single component.
Only studies with combination products can be found.
The aim of a randomised, placebo controlled trial was to test the efficacy of a hydro-ethanolic extract of tri-herbal combination (Eleutherococcus, Achillea millefolium and Lamium album) on atopic dermatitis in 49 patients treated for 2 weeks. Patients were followed until week 8. Forty-four patients completed the study. Twenty–two patients were treated with the study medication and 22 with placebo. The study medication was well tolerated without significant side effects.
The response to the study medication was significant in objective and subjective parameters. Patients maintained partial remission until the end of follow-up. The placebo-treated group had a similar response without a significant difference. In conclusion it was found that the treatment with the tri- herbal combination for atopic dermatitis does not differ from treatment with placebo (Shapira et al. 2005).
A herbal preparation containing 110 mg feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium), 90 mg American aspen (Populus tremuloides) and 60 mg milfoil (A. millefolium,yarrow) was tested for its efficacy in the treatment of mild to moderate osteoarthritis. Thirty-five patients who were taking NSAIDs underwent a
2-week washout phase before being randomised to receive the herbal preparation (three tablets daily) or ibuprofen (400 mg three times daily) administered for 2×21 days in a double-blind, crossover randomised controlled trial with the double-dummy technique. Patients were allowed to take dextropropoxyphene as a rescue medication for pain relief. The number of tablets taken was recorded and used to assess the change in condition. The primary outcome measures of pain (when resting and working) and walking ability were assessed using a symptom score on a scale of 1–4 (none, mild, moderate, strong). A non-significant trend of symptom reduction was observed in both groups, with no significant difference between groups. Gastrointestinal complaints were more frequent in patients treated with ibuprofen (Long et al. 2001).
4.2.3. Clinical studies in special populations (e.g. elderly and children)
As there are no clinical studies thus well-established indication can not be suggested.
Taking into consideration the long-standing use of the comminuted herbal substance, the liquid extract, the tincture and the expressed juice from fresh herb, the traditional use in the proposed indications is plausible.
Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L., is one of the most common species of the Compositae family. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been described since 1899. Although 10 sesquiterpene lactones (SL) and 3 polyines have previously been identified, the responsible allergens in yarrow have not been established. A reinvestigation of short ether extracts of yarrow revealed the presence of five unsaturated hitherto unknown guaianolides of peroxide character. The main SL, identified as a strong sensitiser in guinea pig sensitisation experiments, was named alpha-peroxyachifolid. The minor SL also contribute marginally to the sensitising capacity, while other known yarrow constituents like dehydromatricaria ester and pontica epoxide appear to play no role. A 5-year follow-up (1985-1990) of Compositae-sensitive patients showed that more than 50% reacted when tested with a short ether extract of yarrow. Exacerbation of the patch test sites by irradiation with UV light was never observed (Hausen et al. 1991).
A Compositae plant mixture consisting of short ether extracts of arnica, German chamomile, feverfew, tansy, and yarrow has been included in the standard series for several years (1985 to 1990) to study the frequency of allergic reactions to Compositae (Asteraceae) species. One hundred and eighteen out of 3,851 tested individuals gave a positive response (3.1%). Further tests with the single species of the mixture and some additionally tested extracts of chrysanthemums and laurel oil (bay leaf; Lauraceae) revealed a high percentage of reactions to feverfew (70.1%) and lower responses to chrysanthemums (63.6%), tansy (60.8%), chamomile (56.5%), arnica (51.8%), yarrow (51.8%), and the cross-reacting laurel oil (50.5%). Ten out of 85 reacted to arnica alone. The results show that it is important to test Compositae extracts in patients with allergic contact dermatitis because these contain (in contrast to a mixture of pure sesquiterpene lactones) other constituents (e.g., polyacetylenes, thiophenes) that may also contribute to the acquired hypersensitivity. Unrevealed sources of hand and
face eczema (including airborne contact dermatitis) might be diagnosed more frequently (Hausen 1996 – abstract).
5.3. Adverse events and serious adverse events and deaths
None known (German Commission Monograph 1990, Blumenthal et al. 1998, 2000).
In case of allergies to Asteraceae, itching and inflammatory changes in the skin with formation of vesicles (yarrow dermatitis) may occur, in which case the treatment must be stopped immediately (Bisset NG. 1994).
Rarely allergic reactions with rash, formation of vesicles and pruritus can occur after internal or external use. Cases of contact dermatitis ("meadow dermatitis") and cross reaction with other Compositae can occur (Hänsel et al. 1992).
Allergic reactions to yarrow (e.g. dermatitis) have been documented, and positive patch tests have been produced in individuals sensitised to other plants. An instance of yarrow tea causing a generalised eruption in a sensitised individual was reported in 1929 (Barnes et al. 2007).
Several cases of contact allergy have been reported (ESCOP Supplement 2009).
Numerous reports of allergic contact dermatitis have been published. Direct contact with the crude drug or its preparations may cause hypersensitivity reactions of the skin or mucosa, such as rash, formation of vesicles and pruritus in sensitive individuals (WHO 2009).
Compositae dermatitis occurred in a 9-year-old boy with a strong personal and family history of atopy. Positive patch test reactions were 2+ for yarrow (Achillea millifolium), the eruption resembled atopic dermatitis morphologically but was prominent on the palms and face and dramatically spared the area of the boy's feet covered by his shoes. The condition has always been seasonal, worsening in summer, especially July, and it clears on avoidance of contact. This case is believed to represent a contact dermatitis to oleoresins of Compositae plants; inhalants as a cause of systemic aggravation are not likely to be important in this patient (Guin 1987 – abstract).
Five months after her first contact with dried flowers of yarrow a 44-year-old woman began to experience rhinitis, asthma and urticaria symptoms in the workplace when she handled these dried flowers as an instructor of personnel making dried flower arrangements (centrepieces and baskets). She had a clinical history of spring seasonal rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma but no family history of atopy. The physical examination was normal. Basal spirometry and chest X-ray was normal. Methacholine inhalation test was positive with a PC20 of 2.5 mg/ml. Total serum IgE was 7.94 kU/l. Skin prick test with aqueous extracts from dried flowers were positive to yarrow (10×7 mm). Specific Inhalation Bronchial Challenge with aqueous extract of yarrow (1.25 mg/ml) elicited an asthmatic response with a fall in FEV1 of 31%. Specific IgE (EAST) with yarrow flowers was 0, 9 kU/l respectively. Immunoblotting with yarrow flowers revealed several IgE binding bands of 51, 21 and 18 kDa. Occupational respiratory symptoms caused by decorative flowers are seldom reported in the literature (Compes et al. 2006).
In a clinical testing with 20 subjects, product formulations containing 2% of extracts of the crude drug in propylene glycol and water were generally not irritating. In provocative testing, patients reacted to a Compositae mixture that contained the crude drug, as well as to the crude drug alone. In clinical testing, a formulation containing 0.1% yarrow extract (propylene glycol and water) was not a
sensitiser in a maximization test and alcoholic extracts of aerial parts of A. millefolium did not produce a phototoxic response (Anonymous 2001).
Proposed wording in the monograph:
Hypersensitivity reactions of the skin have been reported. The frequency is not known.
Contra indications (hypersensitivity and allergic potential to be both covered)
Allergy to yarrow and other Compositaes (Blumenthal et al. 1998, 2000, Bradley 1992, Hänsel et al. 1992, Newal et al. 1996).
Warnings and precautions for use
The use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended due to lack of adequate data.
If the symptoms worsen during the use of the medicinal product, a doctor or a qualified health care practitioner should be consulted.
If signs of skin infection are observed, a doctor or a qualified health care practitioner should be consulted.
For tinctures, extracts containing ethanol the appropriate labelling for ethanol, taken from the 'Guideline on excipients in the label and package leaflet of medicinal products for human use', must be included.
None documented. However, the potential for preparations of yarrow to interact with other medicines administered concurrently, particularly those with similar or opposing effects, should be considered. There is limited evidence from preclinical studies that achilleine, a constituent of yarrow, has anticoagulant activity, although the clinical relevance of this, if any, is not clear (Barnes et al. 2007).
Assessor's comment: Because the above mentioned drug-interactions are only assumptions, interactions appear as "None reported" in the monograph
Use in pregnancy and lactation
Yarrow should not be taken during pregnancy. It is reputed to be an abortifacient and to affect the menstrual cycle, and the volatile oil contains trace amounts (0.3%) of the abortifacient principle thujone. Excessive use should be avoided during lactation (Newal et al. 1996, 2007).
Assessor's comment: Not taken into consideration because preparations of yarrow contain only trace amount of thujone. The herb contains 0.3-1.4% volatile oils according to Blumenthal et al. 2000, which may contain 0.3% thujone, see above. The daily dose is 2-4 g three times daily which means 6-12 g/day of the herbal substance with a 0.27-0.5 mg content of thujone/day. This concentration is considered too low to present a risk to human heath (see Public statement on the use of herbal medicinal products containing thujone EMA/HMPC/732886/2010).
The standard sentences are suggested in the monograph:
Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established. In the absence of sufficient data, the use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
No case of overdose has been reported.
None reported.
Effects on ability to drive or operate machinery or impairment of mental ability
The medicinal use of yarrow preparation can be considered safe. Only the reported hypersensitivity reactions may present a risk therefore for safe use the sentence of "Hypersensitivity to the active substance and to other plants of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family" was included in the Contraindication section of the Community monograph.
The known toxic principle thujone has been documented as a minor component of yarrow oil, but the concentrations are too low to present a risk to human health.
Dry methanolic and 10%-methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of A. millefolium showed oestrogenic activity in an in vitro assay, based on recombinant MCF-7 cells (Innocenti et al. 2007), but in two experimental animal studies there were no increases in pre- or post-implantation losses (Boswell-Ruys et al. 2003).
Since there are insufficient data, the use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
6. Overall conclusions
Yarrow herb has been in medicinal use for a period of at least 30 years as requested by Directive 2004/24/EC, thus the requirement for the qualification as a traditional herbal medicinal product is fulfilled (long-standing use dating back to ancient time).
The pharmacological studies on the anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, choleretic, antimicrobial effects of yarrow may contribute to the proposed traditional indications. These properties can be associated with the sesquiterpenes, phenolic (such as dicaffeoylquinic acids) and flavonoid content of the herbal substance.
The benefit-risk balance can be considered positive. The only possible risk, the hypersensitivity reaction, is taken into consideration and the patients' attention is drawn to it properly.
As there are insufficient data, the use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended.
Due to inadequate data on genotoxicity the inclusion of Millefolii herba in the Community list of herbal substances, preparations and combinations thereof for use in traditional herbal medicinal products cannot be recommended.
Nettle Leaf – Urticae folium (Urtica dioica L.; Urtica urens L.)
Wild Pansy – Violae tricoloris herba cum flore (Viola tricolor L. and/or subspecies Viola arvensis Murray (Gaud); Viola vulgaris Koch (Oborny))
Pumpkin seed – Cucurbitae semen (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Raspberry leaf – Rubi idaei folium (Rubus idaeus L.)
Oak Bark – Quercus cortex (Quercus robur L.; Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.; Quercus pubescens Willd.)


College papers and other assignments have always been there since time immemorial. There are not showing any sign going soon. If anything, the questions are getting more complicated, and the professors are demanding more effort from the students. They are used to show the level of comprehension of the content taught to the students. The grades obtained affect you your graduation and the opportunities that you can access in a real world where employment opportunities are given based on the GPA obtained.
Because of the pressure associated with these tasks, many students have opted to pay for college papers from companies that provide writing services. However, they mostly come across companies that want to make money from the desperate situations of these college students. Fortunately, you now have an option. We provide writing services to our clients at their convenience. Our understanding of how the industry operates cannot be matched by any other company. Do you need a paper now? Place you request and rest easy as you wait for the final paper to be delivered to you.
Why Do Students Prefer Paying for College Paper?
Students have many assignments that they are expected to write perfectly. However, several hindrances prevent them from performing these tasks to meet the expectations. Several assignments are issued. For example, you can have a math assignment to finish, a research paper that is due in a few hours and important college exams to study for all at the same time. You are likely to get overwhelmed as to which one you should do first. Because all of them are important, you are forced to rush over all of them. When handling these papers in a hurry, the chances are that the quality you provide is going to be compromised. This is a situation that many students find themselves in on a regular basis. Assignments will nor reduce to make your work easier. It is upon you to find a working formula so that you can work on your papers more conveniently.
The deadlines that the professors give completion of assignments is sometimes too strict. You can have several papers that are due in a few days. Because of that workload and stringent submission deadline, you can be tempted to copy from other online sources. Unfortunately for you, the professors have powerful Copyscape applications to detect plagiarized content. Such an offense attracts serious penalties in any college. First, you can be issued with an even harder assignment with an even shorter deadline to compensate for the copied one. In that case, you waste double your time. That means that the quality of the other assignments is affected. Also, you spend the limited time available for leisure completing that assignment. There are also the worse cases where you are discontinued from your college. Consequently, your education is derailed. You should not let such things happen to you.
Other students also opt for a paid college paper because they do not have time. Most students today are forced to do part-time/full-time jobs to obtain money to pay for expenses such as food and accommodation. Others also have to do internships to build their professional profiles. All these engagements have a negative bearing on academic performance. In most cases, it is their academic work that suffers. Balancing the job and the pressing academic commitments are never easy. This is especially so for those who are just entering college. As you work to earn an income, it is also important to keep your performance in school work shine.
Sicknesses also pop-up any time. One may be well today planning how to deal with their academic work. However, the whole point changes the next day. Attending lectures when you are ill is not a good idea. You may worsen your situation. At the same time, writing the papers also become difficult because your body may be weak and you are not in the right mental framework to perform academic duties. Unfortunately, the professor may not adjust the deadline because they may not be aware of your situation. Seeking help from friends may not work. One, they also have tasks of their own to finish. Secondly, they may not have the level of competence to tackle these tasks. If you fail to hand in the work as expected, you are likely to face punishments. You do not want to be in bad terms with your instructor as the student who does not submit their work for grading at the right time. You need to work your way around the whole thing.
The challenges you have with the academic papers should not weigh you down. Are you frustrated and almost on the verge of giving up because you do not have the agency to approach to find relief with your paper? Have you spent your money in all the wrong places in the name of getting professional writing services? We offer solutions to you. Our company has been in existence for many years, and thus we have mastered how to satisfy clients.
There is an order form on our website where you indicate the details for the paper you need. The most important details include the question that you need the experts to help you with, the number of pages that should be completed, the formatting style to apply, the essential sources to use and the deadline for delivery.
The amount to pay for college papers can be seen when you give all the specifications of your paper. There is no hidden charge. The payment depends on the type of paper you need. Also, the amount varies with the pages and the delivery time. When you need the paper but give a longer delivery time, you pay less.
A specialized writing expert is directed to write your paper. They apply the highest level of expertise to ensure that you get a qualitative piece.
You can log in to your account and access the paper. Before you approve and download, you need to check if it meets all your specifications.
We only deal with writers with the experience, skill and the capability to deliver what the clients want. We screen all the applicants to ensure they possess the requisite qualities before we accept them.
We deliver all our orders on time. You can thus count on us to handle your urgent papers.
Our experts can handle topics on a wide range of subjects. Therefore, irrespective of your field of study, we can assist.
There was this time I was not able to write my paper. I panicked if I would get help. When I placed an order here, help came faster than I thought. I trust your company.
The writers here are very cooperative. Any time you have an issue with your paper, they work together with you until you are contented.
My experience with your company has been one of the most satisfying. I have never had any reason to complain. Continue with the good work.
Paying for college papers has never been this easy. When you need a company that is responsive to your academic challenges, we are the agency to choose. Pay for your paper today and get guaranteed quality.
pay for college papers by EssayCapital is rated 4.6/5 based on 124 customer reviews.


text:
FIRST Reports
Minnesota Seed Guide
Olivia, MN (56277)
Partly cloudy. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible. High near 85F. Winds NE at 5 to 10 mph..
Partial cloudiness early, with scattered showers and thunderstorms overnight. A few storms may be severe. Low 67F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 50%.
The Hoffman Harvesting caravan of trucks, semis, tractors, grain carts and campers takes a stop on the side of the road as Leon Bulgin checks to make sure all the loads are still secure.
After long drive, Hoffman Harvesting crew prepares to start season
By PETER SCHARPE Minnesota Farm Guide
Peter Scharpe
KIOWA, Kan. – The caravan of semis, tractors, trailers and campers made its way from Bowdle, S.D., to Kiowa, Kan., as Hoffman Harvesting and their crew headed to the starting point for the 2019 harvest season on June 7. Now, as they get settled into their campground, they wait for the fields to dry out.
"It looks like it's going to be a good crop," said Jada Bulgin of Hoffman Harvesting during a recent phone interview. "Whatever I'm seeing, it looks good."
Will they be able to get in the field?
"Thankfully, we have four wheel drive and a good tow rope, so we'll have to get in there and we will, it just might be not as easily done as some years when it's drier," she explained.
As of June 10, the wheat in the area was not quite ready for harvest. It still had some green, so the crew is looking at getting started on some canola, which is ready. The only hold-up is waiting for the fields to dry out.
Every year, the Hoffmans like to get to Kiowa a few days ahead of when they will actually start working. It gives them time to get settled in and put the finishing touches on their equipment.
"We had to get the duals put on the machines and they have to get calibrated," Jada said. "We'll put numbers on the machines and radios in the machines, then we can cut."
The combines were not actually part of the Hoffman's caravan. They came direct from the John Deere factory.
It is not every year that they start with new machines. It all depends on the number of hours on the combines and the amount of time left on the warranty.
"That's what is nice about trading in. You always have warranty on the machines, so that plays a lot into our decision," she said. "A lot of times, I go on a parts run and I never know what I'm going to get. Sometimes it can be a little O-ring up to like a huge part that fills up the whole back of my pickup."
When it comes to a combine, there are a lot of parts and pieces that can need replacing. Those parts can really add up in costs over the season. Having the machines under warranty gives piece of mind, as does having dual tires on the combines, particularly in a wet season. However, they also add labor.
The dual tires have to come off whenever the equipment is moved down the road. They use spacers to make this a little easier, but it is illegal for them to move with the duals on.
The Hoffmans will be moving constantly all summer. They will spend about a week or two in a given location, depending on how big of an area it is for them.
While some custom harvest crews like to stay in hotels, the Hoffman prefer campers and campgrounds.
"What I like about my camper is I get to take my stuff along. It makes me not a very light packer," said Jada. "But we like them because everything's here and then we can pick up our wheels and our home keeps moving with us."
There are three campers, two for the crew and one for Jada and Leon.
Jada and Leon's camper will not only serve as the main office for Hoffman Harvesting, but also the main cafeteria for the crew.
"I usually supply them with meat and other stuff to make a meal to take out to the field and then I make them a big meal at suppertime," she said. "It feels like a family because we work together, we play together and we spend a lot of time together."
A crew that gets along and is able to have fun together is key to a successful harvest season, particularly in a year where things are already behind.
"Another issue is a lot of harvesters are still in Texas, playing in the mud down there," she said. "Harvesters are going to be a little behind this year."
Jada Bulgin
Leon Bulgin
Follow Peter Scharpe
AGCO expands Fendt brand into row crop market with new 900 Series
Spring soil testing shows wide ranging nitrogen levels
MinnesotaFarmGuide.com
707 E Front Ave
Email: office@minnesotafarmguide.com


text:
Berserk Deluxe, Volume 10
by Kentaro Miura, Duane Johnson (Translator) Kentaro Miura
The GOAT adult horror manga continues in deluxe oversized hardcover editions.
Guts and his companions have finally arrived at the sea, but their respite is short-lived as bloodthirsty beasts possessed by malefic Kushan sorcery emerge from the surf. Guts must again don the Berserker Armor to give his troupe any hope of survival, but the accursed shell threatens his very soul . . . and the lives of his comrades!
Collects Berserk Volumes 28–30, including three fold-out color posters.
"Berserk is finally given the treatment fans have longed for."—Adventures In Poor Taste
"The series more than lives up to its title."—Comics Buyer's Guide
"The best manga ever."—Toyfare
Berserk Series
10.30(w) x 7.00(h) x 1.90(d)
While attending college at Nihon University, in 1988, Kentaro Miura debuted a 48-page manga known as Berserk Prototype, an introduction to the current Berserk fantasy world. It went on to win Miura a prize from the Comi Manga School. In 1989, after receiving a doctorate degree, Kentarou started a project titled King of Wolves based on a script by Buronson, writer of Hokuto no Ken (Fist Of The North Star).
In 1990, the first volume Berserk was released with a relatively limited success. Miura again collaborated with Buronson on a manga entitled Japan. Miura's fame grew after Berserk began "The Golden Age" story arc and the huge success of this masterpiece made of him one of the most prominent contemporary manga artists.
In 1997, Miura supervised the production of 25 anime episodes of Berserk that aired in the same year on NTV.
The series has also spawned a whole host of merchandise, both official and fan made, ranging from statues and action figures, to key rings, video games, and a trading card game. In 2002, Kentaro Miura received the second place in the Tezuka Osamu (Astro Boy) Cultural Prize of Excellence for Berserk. The author lives in Tokyo, Japan.
Fantasy Manga
The Boys from Biloxi: A Legal Thriller
A Hard Kick in the Nuts: What I've Le…
The Game of Thrones of adult fantasy/horror manga roars toward the finish line, collecting Berserk volumes 37–39 in the original oversized serialization format and with updated translations and
Berserk Deluxe, Volume 6
An adult fantasy/horror epic of monumental proportions, Kentaro Miura's Berserk is now offered at its original published size in handsome deluxe hardcover editions each collecting three volumes of
The reigning king of adult fantasy manga now in deluxe 7x10 hardcover editions! Born in tragedy, raised in abuse and neglect, young Guts is hardened into a warrior of fearsome prowess and fearless
The acclaimed adult horror manga is now in presented in deluxe hardcover editions in the original oversized serialization format.
Though Guts the Black Swordsman lies near death from battling the
Kingdom of the Feared (Kingdom of the Wicked Series #3)
From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Stalking Jack the Ripper series comes the steamy conclusion to Kingdom of the Wicked trilogy.
Two curses.
One prophecy.
A reckoning all have
Kingdom of the Wicked Box Set (B&N Exclusive Edition)
This limited edition boxed set contains all 3 Barnes & Noble Exclusive Editions in the Kingdom of the Wicked series. Each features a unique cover. Kingdom of the Wicked includes an annotated chapter
Kingdom of the Cursed (B&N Exclusive Edition) (Kingdom of the Wicked Series #2)
This Barnes & Noble Exclusive Edition features an alternate jacket, and contains a scene told from Wrath's point of view.
From New York Times bestselling author of Stalking Jack
Kingdom of the Wicked (B&N Exclusive Edition) (Kingdom of the Wicked Series #1)
This Barnes & Noble Exclusive Edition features an alternate jacket, and contains an annotated chapter with notes from the author.
From the #1 New York Times and USA Today bestselling author of the
The Stalking Jack the Ripper Series Hardcover Gift Set
With writing hailed as "masterful," "engrossing," "compelling," and "marvelous," Kerri Maniscalco presents her wholly addictive and incredibly suspenseful, #1
Stalking Jack the Ripper (Stalking Jack the Ripper Series #1)
This #1 New York Times bestseller and deliciously creepy horror novel has a storyline inspired by the Ripper murders and an unexpected, blood-chilling conclusion.
Seventeen-year-old Audrey Rose
Hunting Prince Dracula (Stalking Jack the Ripper Series #2)
In this New York Times bestselling sequel to Kerri Maniscalco's haunting #1 debut Stalking Jack the Ripper, bizarre murders are discovered in the castle of Prince Vlad the Impaler, otherwise known as
Escaping from Houdini (Stalking Jack the Ripper Series #3)
A New York Times Bestseller!
Audrey Rose and Thomas Cresswell find themselves aboard a luxurious ocean liner that becomes a floating prison of horror when passengers are murdered one by one...with
The Stolen Heir
Return to the opulent world of Elfhame, filled with intrigue, betrayal, and dangerous desires, with this first book of a captivating new duology from the #1 New York Times bestselling
Book of Night
#1 New York Times bestselling author Holly Black makes her stunning adult debut with Book of Night, a modern dark fantasy of shadowy thieves and secret societies in the vein of Ninth House and The
White Cat (Curse Workers Series #1)
The first in a trilogy, this gritty, fast-paced fantasy is rife with the unexpected. Cassel comes from a shady, magical family of con artists and grifters. He doesn't fit in at home or at


text:
The Hogan Family is an American television family sitcom. The series was on NBC for five seasons and then on CBS for its final season, running for a total of 110 episodes that aired between March 1, 1986 and July 20, 1991.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (1986)

Season 2 (1986–87)

Season 3 (1987–88)

Season 4 (1988–89)

Season 5 (1989–90)

Season 6 (1990–91)

References

External links

Lists of American sitcom episodes


mining equipment population in india AFB gives itself over to the production of crushers and mills which can be used in aggregate crushing, industrial milling and ore processing fields. If you are engaged in these industries, why not choose AFB?.
Shanghai GBMachine Mining and Construction Machinery Co., is a hi tech, engineering group. We are specialized in the research, development, and production of industrial crushing, powder grinding, mineral processing equipments and other related devices.
Summit Mining Equipment, which also operates under the name Summit Mining, is located in Boise, Idaho. This organization primarily operates in the Mining Machinery and Equipment, except Petroleum business / industry within the Wholesale Trade Durable Goods sector.
Home mining equipment population 2011 PBCo Mining Equipment Population Mining Equipment Mining equipment included in the database mining trucks, hydraulic shovels, crawler dozers, wheel dozers, electric shovels, draglines, wheel loaders, graders.
mining equipment population in india Demographics of India India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world's . Get More Info; mining equipment population in india societyplusorg.
Through primary research, technology insights, and an impressive resource base, IDTechEx has put together a unique report that details all of the above and includes ten year forecasts from 2018 through 2028 for mobile electric mining equipment and autonomous truck over the next decade.
Increasing mining activities globally is estimated to drive the surface mining equipment market over the forecast period. Population explosion has consequently increased the demand for food, thereby increasing the need for mineral fertilizers to improve agricultural yield; this is expected to be conducive for market growth over the next seven years.
mining equipment population in africa Medical Scrub Uniform. Medical Equipment Hospital Doctor Uniform Scrub. Ad. US $1.0 3.0 Pieces. 3000 Pieces Min. Order.
Mining Equipment Market size worth over $95bn by 2024. Published Date October 12, 2018 Author Global Market Insights, Inc. Mining Equipment Market size is set to exceed USD 95 billion by 2024; according to a new research report by Global Market Insights, Inc.The shipments are expected to grow at a CAGR of over 6% from 2018 to 2024.
PBCo Mine Coverage Mining Equipment Database Mining . Project Summary 183; Mining Equipment Population The Database attempts to include every mine that operates one or more of operations were included when known to operate some of the equipment listed. South Africa, 16, , 6, 1, 39, 62.
Albania Mining, Minerals and Fuel Resources. Albania is located in southeastern Europe between Montenegro and Kosovo to the north and Greece in the south. The total area of the country is 28,748 km 2, and it has a population of 3,002,859 as of July 2012. The country enjoys a mild temperate climate.
Construction and mining equipment cover a variety of machinery such as hydraulic excavators, mining equipment population in india, Mining Equipment. Mining and Construction Equipments . Premier's engineering division is developing critical components and import substitutes of mining equipments required for heavy fabrication,machining and.
Database Design Description Information collected on the mines and equipment described previously is incorporated into several files/tables using Microsoft Access174; software in a relational database format (conversion to alternative software formats is available on request).
The Product Manager of an earth moving equipment manufacturing company based in Europe explained in an exclusive interview with Persistence Market Research that the earth moving equipment industry in UK and Germany is a strong performer whereas Southern Europe will remain a bit weak.
Metal mining equipment market dominated the global mining equipment application market in 2013 and is also expected to witness fastest growth over the forecast period on account of increasing mining activities and precious metals demand such as silver, platinum and gold.


text:
MOOSUP VALLEY STATE PARK TRAIL:
PLAINFIELD, CONNECTICUT
Length: Moosup Valley State Park Trail; 7 miles to RI border
Completed section; 0.8 miles
Difficulty: Completed section; Easy. Paved, flat rail trail.
Take exit 32 off of I-395 to Route 14 east into Plainfield. At the junction of Prospect St and Main St continue straight into a parking lot for the trail.
The Moosup Valley State Park Trail is built on part of the abandoned Hartford, Providence & Fishkill Railroad Line, which was completed in 1854 and connected the two state's capitols. The trail travels through Plainfield and Sterling before crossing into RI where it becomes the TRESTLE TRAIL . In RI it is still undeveloped for 4+ miles but plans are in the works to pave it in 2023. The Trestle Trail then becomes the WASHINGTON SECONDARY BIKE PATH which consists of three interconnecting bike paths; The Coventry Greenway, West Warwick Greenway and Cranston Bike Path. For more information visit; MOOSUP VALLEY SP TRAIL and CT RAIL TRAIL EXPLORER .
The Quinebaug River Trail is part of the EAST COAST GREENWAY , a planned biking & hiking route stretching 3,000 miles from Maine to Florida. When complete it will traverse 15 states with a mostly off-road path.
Starting from the Main Street/Prospect Street parking lot; The trail starts from Route 14, heads alongside the parking lot and crosses an old railroad trestle bridge over the Moosup River. The paved trail travels past a yellow gate and then past a small swamp before coming to Barber Hill Road after 0.8 miles. The paved trail currently ends here. You may continue along the hard packed undeveloped rail trail, however, it contains a lot of ruts from ATV use.
Note; In Spring 2022 the state plans to rehab this trail to the RI border where it will connect to the Trestle Trail.


text:
Women in journalism: Reading list for 5/5/2013
May 6, 2013 May 20, 2013 Jasmine R. Linabary
The Gender Report provides a weekly round-up of links to online articles that may be of interest to our readers. The links below are to noteworthy articles on topics related to women in journalism and the media during the past week. Articles included in this feature do not necessarily reflect the views of The Gender Report or its writers. View past week's round-ups here.
–'Forbidden Voices': Female bloggers fight for freedom of speech (CNN)
–'100 Percent Men' Tumblr highlights gender gap in media, tech, politics (Poynter)
–2013 National Magazine Awards widen scope, and women win (Poynter)
–The International Women's Media Foundation announces its 2013 Courage in Journalism and Lifetime Achievement Award winners (IWMF)
–'See you on the other side': Meet Jessica Lum, a terminally ill 25-year-old who chose to spend what little time she had practicing journalism (Columbia Journalism Review)
–WMC Announces A Celebration of the Life of Mary Thom (Women's Media Center)
–She Works: The Only Woman in the Room (NPR) On Nina Totenberg, NPR's legal affairs correspondent
–Hollywood's utter failure to accurately portray female journalists (The Week)
–Sarah Stierch Emerges as Wikipedia's 'Go-To Woman' (Women's eNews)
–Carolyn Ryan is named New York Times political editor (JimRomenesko.com)
–Jennifer Forsyth is named Wall Street Journal US editor (JimRomenesko.com)
–The Pulitizer-Prize Winner As a Young Feminist (Ms. Blog) On Quiara Alegria Hudes
We encourage readers to submit suggestions of articles to include in future editions of this feature by sending an email to genderreport[at]gmail.com. For links to articles like these throughout the week, follow @GenderReport on Twitter.
Reading List100 Percent Men, Carolyn Ryan, Courage in Journalism Awards, female bloggers, International Women's Media Foundation, Jennifer Forsyth, Jessica Lum, Mary Thom, National Magazine Awards, Nina Totenberg, Quiara Alegria Hudes, Sarah Stierch, women in Hollywood, women in journalism, Women's Media Center
Previous Article Women in journalism: Reading list for 4/28/2013
Next Article Women in journalism: Reading list for 5/12/2013