An empty home costs its owner thousands of pounds in maintenance, utilities charges, lost rent and council tax. We can offer advice on how to prevent this.
You may need to refurbish or repair the property before you can sell it or rent it out. Get the work done as soon as possible so you can start to recover the costs.
There is a reduced VAT rate for the cost of renovating a property that has been empty for two years or more. You can pay just 5% instead of 20%. Visit the HMRC website for more information.
If you cannot afford the work or it is difficult to organise think about selling to a builder or developer at a lower price.
You can sell through an estate agent, at an auction or by advertising the property yourself. Get your property valued by a professional property survey or estate agent. Set an asking price, but decide how flexible you will be as potential buyers may try to negotiate the price.
If your home is ready to move into you can rent it out. You could do that yourself or use an agency. Renting through an agency can take out some of the hassle and responsibility, although you have to pay for the service.
You must keep your property and land around it in a good condition. Make it look occupied to deter criminals and anti-social behaviour.
It is also worth noting that empty properties are still liable for Council Tax charges. These charges are changing from the 1st April 2019 and further details can be found here.
Capacity Grid are working on behalf of the Council to help return empty properties back in to use. If you have received correspondence from them regarding your empty property please click on the link at the bottom of the page to complete their online questionnaire.


This page show the 20201 prime list.
Prime number index is from 20200001 to 20201000.
Prime number list from 377528093 to 377547637, contain 1000 prime numbers.
377528093 is at position 20200001, and 377547637 is at position 20201000 in all prime list.


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Robert Willard Waseskuk
CEDAR FALLS-Robert W. Waseskuk, 84, of Cedar Falls, died Tuesday, October 26, 2021 at the Cedar Valley Hospice Home in Waterloo. He was born September 25, 1937, in Wagner, SD, the son of Robert and Pansy (Peniska) Waseskuk. He was raised on the Meskwaki Settlement and graduated from South Tama High School in 1956. After graduation he attended the University of Iowa and Parsons College. On January 31, 1959, he was united in marriage to Polly E. Parks in Iowa City. She preceded him in death in February 2011. He was employed at Standard Golf in Cedar Falls for 35 years as a National Sales Representative and National Sales Manager, affording him the opportunity to travel the United States and Canada. During his 35 years at Standard Golf "Chief" was a well-respected member of the national golf community. There wasn't a 19th hole he hasn't visited. Robert is survived by his four sons: Wade (Edith) of Miami Lakes, FL, Blake (Mindy), Drew (Angela) both of Cedar Falls, and Chad (Sara) of West Des Moines; and eight grandchildren: Anthony, Sebastian, Grace, Gabriel, Laney, Landon, Haley, and Taya. He is preceded in death by his parents and sister, Barbara Jean Johnson, and his brother, Jimmy Ward, and many others from his family on the settlement. Services are scheduled for 2:00 p.m. Monday, November 1, 2021 at the Richardson Funeral Service, with interment in the Greenwood Cemetery, both in Cedar Falls. Visitation will be from 2 to 4 p.m. Sunday at the funeral home and also one hour prior to the service on Monday. Online condolences may be left at www.richardsonfuneralservice.com. Memorials can be directed to the family.
CEDAR FALLS-Robert W. Waseskuk, 84, of Cedar Falls, died Tuesday, October 26, 2021 at the Cedar Valley Hospice Home in Waterloo. He was born September 25, 1937, in Wagner, SD, the son of Robert and Pansy (Peniska) Waseskuk. He was raised... View Obituary & Service Information
The family of Robert Willard Waseskuk created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories.
CEDAR FALLS-Robert W. Waseskuk, 84, of Cedar Falls, died Tuesday,...
Send flowers to the Waseskuk family.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of our local distributor, Emirates Trans Graphics LLC, will exhibit at Gulf Print & Pack 2015.
Gulf Print & Pack 2015 is the leading event for commercial and package printers in the Middle East and North Africa. Come and see the latest digital presses, package printing technology and web-to-print software solutions.


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No Song is Safe From Us
NYFOS Home
Mohammad Reza Shajarian and Parviz Meshkatian: Bīdād
December 19, 2018 | Daniel Reza Sabzghabaei
The third song this week is the long-form cycle Bīdād (بیداد) "Injustice" by Persian music master vocalist and instrumentalist Mohammad Reza Shajarian (محمدرضا شجریان), and the late Persian composer and santour (a Persian hammered dulcimer) virtuso Parviz Meshkatian (پرویز مشکاتیان).
Bidād sets the poetry of two ancient Persian poetic legends: Saa'dī (سعدی) from the 7th century and Hafez (حافظ) from the 8th century. Shajarian and Meshkatian drew from these two poetic wellsprings, extremely well-known in Iran, and crafted a set of interwoven texts which speak of paradise destroyed and consumed with chaos and strife, reflecting on the political upheaval and displeasure during this time period (1980s) within Iran. The coup against the Shāh of Iran, heavily backed by foreign powers, the ensuing revolution which led to the rise of the Islamic regime and the oppression of many within Iran, including a number of artists, and the bloody Iran-Iraq war were all melding the psyche of Iranians at this time: although the Iranian people were free from a monarch, a myriad of new forms of Injustice were on the rise.
As an obelisk against oppression and a lament for freedom and equality, Bīdād stands strongly today; however, it is also a major work within the Persian modal "dastgāh" (دستگاه) and singing "āvāz" (آواز) traditions, helping to both further interest in traditional Iranian music and bring it into the future. The first half of the cycle is entirely in dastgāh Homāyūn and its related gūsheh-hā (patterns), with the second half fluctuating between dastgāh Homāyūn and Shūr. The raw and intense nature of Shajarian's captivating voice freezes you like a statue, his frequent outpourings of lush and piercing ornamentation, called tahrīr (تحریر), cast a web of sinuous mourning for a land once beloved. Meshkatian's equally intricate santour figurations wrap the listener in a labyrinth of dense ivy and briar which the rest of the band of Persian music masters enclose us all within–no air escapes this place. Bīdād demands your attention.
Sad hezārān gol shekaft-o
sad hezārān gol shekaft-o bāng-e marqī bar-nakhāst
"Hundreds of thousands of flowers blossomed and
Hundreds of thousands of blooming flowers are not blooming"
In 2009, during the protests over the results of the presidential election which saw Mahmoud Ahmadinejad retain his seat, Ahmadienjad referred to protesters as, "dust and trash." Later, in an interview with BBC Persian, Shajarian said of this, "[I am] the voice of dust and trash and [I] will always remain the voice of dust and trash." Please enjoy Mohammad Shajarian's and Parviz Meshkatian's Bīdād; excerpt below, cycle in its bereft entirety here.
Daniel Reza Sabzghabaei (دانیال رضا سبزقبایی) (ASCAP) is a composer and vocalist whose work aims to emphasize the malleability of time and how we experience it, not just in the concert hall but in everyday life as well. His music has been performed and commissioned by organizations including: Hong Kong's Intimacy of Creativity Festival, Beth Morrison Projects, [Switch~ Ensemble], the New York Festival of Song, Contemporaneous, Utah's Moab Music Festival, Minnesota's VocalEssence, Dallas' Voices of Change, Seattle's The Esoterics, and the Busan Choral Festival. Daniel is currently a doctoral student and Sage Fellow at Cornell University.
Read other posts by Daniel Reza Sabzghabaei.
www.nyfos.org


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HomeInterview with CHRISTOPHER RUOCCHIO
Interview with CHRISTOPHER RUOCCHIO
July 2, 2018 May 18, 2018 Civilian Reader Interview, UncategorizedChristopher Ruocchio, DAW Books, Empire of Silence, Gollancz, Most Anticipated 2018, Sci-Fi, Sun Eater
Let's start with an introduction: Who is Christopher Ruocchio?
I am the author of Empire of Silence, a new space opera/epic fantasy out in July. I am also the Assistant Editor for Baen Books, where I have edited the military SF anthology Star Destroyers and the upcoming Space Pioneers. I sold my first novel — this novel — at age 22. I graduated from North Carolina State University, where I studied English Rhetoric and Classics. I am a boxer, and former fencer, and the owner of half a suit of replica first century Roman armor. I worked as a waiter for seven years, during which time I wrote and paid my way through college at the expense of any sort of social life. I remain an enthusiastic student, and am blessed with what I consider the world's greatest family, a lovely girlfriend, and better friends than one of my stormy disposition perhaps deserves.
UK Cover
Your debut novel, Empire of Silence, will be published by Gollancz in July. It looks really interesting: How would you introduce it to a potential reader? Is it part of a series?
My goal was to write a space opera with the epic style and scope of a high fantasy. My publishers have compared it to Dune and The Name of the Wind, which is staggeringly high praise and I hope that I can live up to even a tenth of it. Empire of Silence is the first book of four recounting the story of Hadrian Marlowe, a man who saved humanity from a race of genocidal aliens called the Cielcin — but at the cost of several billion human lives (to say nothing of the dead aliens). It's written in memoir fashion, hence the comparison to Mr. Rothfuss, as a much older Hadrian recounts his journey through this massive, interstellar empire as he contends simultaneously with the corruption of his own society and the greater threat of the Cielcin invaders. There are also hints that his entire life and the war itself may only be part of a larger, higher game that Hadrian himself still doesn't fully understand.
What inspired you to write the novel and series? And where do you draw your inspiration from in general?
History and literature mostly. I'm a great admirer of history, by and large (so many people seem to despise it these days). As a classics student, I am deeply influenced by Greek and especially Roman history and literature. My Sollan Empire is part Trajan's Rome, part Justinian's Byzantium, and part Victoria's Britain, with a smattering of Qing, Mauryan, and Imperial Japanese influences. I read a lot of classic literature, as well. I'm one of those dinosaurs who still holds to the idea that there is a literary canon (although I simultaneously despise those cretins who would limit that canon to works of European extraction). I'm a great fan of Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, but also of works like The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the Ramayana.
In addition to these and to SF/F writers like Tolkien, Herbert, and Bujold, I grew up playing a large number of Japanese RPGs and reading a lot of manga. The Legend of Zelda was a gateway for me, but video games like Tales of Symphonia, Baten Kaitos, and Lost Odyssey were a huge influence on my development as a storyteller, and one which I think sets me apart from many of my contemporaries.
US/Canada Cover
How were you introduced to genre fiction?
My parents showed me the original Star Wars films when I was about three. I wasn't allowed to watch most television programs growing up, so I would watch the original trilogy night after night. Then The Lord of the Rings films started coming out when I was about 8 and I was doomed. I struggled to read the book so young, so my parents got me the audiobooks, which — like Star Wars — I would immediately restart the moment I finished. I honestly must have listened to Tolkien's work 60 or 70 times growing up.
How do you like being a writer and working within the publishing industry?
Well, it makes for some long days, but it's been extremely educational. Publishers can seem like black boxes to new authors, and having worked now for Baen Books for three years I've gotten an excellent look at how things work inside that box, which has helped to temper any anxiety I might have over the process. I'm trying to be the kind of author I'd like to work with as an editor, and vice versa. Mostly, though, I've enjoyed meeting all sorts of people. It's been an absolute privilege to work with writers like Lois McMaster Bujold, David Weber, and Eric Flint. It was all a bit crazy at the beginning, though. I sold my book and got my job in the same week, which was almost too much excitement, as you might imagine. Still, it's been a remarkable experience and I hope I've come through it a better professional for having it.
Do you have any specific working, writing, researching practices?
Not terribly. To be frank, I'm always a bit mystified by these novelists who can only write in a specific chair in a specific room with a specific device to specific music by the light of a specific moon. I set a word count per day (1,500/2,000) and I don't do anything else until I hit that mark. Some days I'll work at my desk, on others I'll move to another part of my apartment, and on others I'll go to a bookstore or cafe. Perversely, I find I write extremely well while traveling.
As for research, I'm always listening to lectures online or watching old History Channel documentaries that have wandered onto YouTube. It's amazing that we live in a world where respected and credentialed experts share their courses for free online. You never know what new information might be helpful in writing science fiction.
When did you realize you wanted to be an author, and what was your first foray into writing? Do you still look back on it fondly?
I can't actually remember. It was a decision I made very, very early. I started writing when I was about eight. My friends and I used to play make believe on the playground at school. They played Dragon Ball Z, but were gracious enough to let me be Batman (I had no idea what Dragon Ball Z was at the time). Over time, my character took on new traits and a life of his own as I grew older and a shade more sophisticated. My friends all moved on, taking up football and the like. I wrote instead. I would start a novel, grow to hate it, and pitch it. Then I'd rework my ideas a bit and start over. Eventually, that became Empire of Silence, so in a sense I've been writing this story in some form or other since I was a child, though it has changed completely since those early days.
What's your opinion of the genre today, and where do you see your work fitting into it?
I think that the explosion of the various kinds of stories and genres we're experiencing has been wonderful and fascinating, but also a bit of a double-edged sword. It seems to me that fandom has fragmented into camps (along genre and ideological lines) and there's very little communication between said camps, and that what communication there is seems mostly aimed at making things worse. I think that's an absolute catastrophe and a real shame. We were all the weird, outcast kids in school. We shouldn't lose sight of that.
As for my work, I shall say this: I abhor deconstruction. The postmodern obsession with subverting, deconstructing, or critiquing traditions in fiction (and in everything) is played out, in my view, and is often deliberately hurtful or mean-spirited. The Last Jedi deconstructed Luke Skywalker and critiqued the Jedi Order so badly that I can't bring myself to watch it again. You don't kick your fans like that. I want a story readers can believe in, a hero they can root for, even if he's a little complicated and broken. Because complicated and broken isn't the same as bad, which is the treatment too many antiheroes get these days. I want to reconstruct the hero narrative, because — in a certain sense — it's true.
Do you have any other projects in the pipeline, and what are you working on at the moment?
Well, I just turned in the sequel to Empire of Silence, which I'm very, very excited about, and I'm launching into the outline for book three. Hadrian's story is so big and complicated that I haven't really stopped to look past it yet.
What are you reading at the moment (fiction, non-fiction)?
In fiction, I just finished reading through Kentaro Miura's Berserk, a grimdark manga series that is astonishingly good but very much not for the faint of heart. Now I'm working my way through Witchy Eye by my good friend D.J. Butler; a flintlock fantasy set in Jacksonian America. It has some of the best worldbuilding I've ever, ever seen, especially if you're as fond of history as I am. Both get hearty recommendations from me!
In nonfiction, I've been picking my way through Jordan B. Peterson's Maps of Meaning, which is an attempt to marry Jungian depth psychology with modern biological science and evolutionary psychology. It's truly groundbreaking stuff, and I'd recommend it to anyone trying to write epic fiction of any stripe.
If you could recommend only one novel to someone, what would it be?
A Canticle for Leibowitz by Walter M. Miller, Jr. It's a bit of a cult classic, but it won the Hugo in '61. It's absolutely one of the finest pieces of prose ever produced in science fiction. It's about a Catholic monastery that preserves a bunch of scientific documents and other literature through a nuclear holocaust, and about the slow rebirth of civilization in the American southwest. It's part Fallout, part Name of the Rose, and utterly tragic in its beauty. If you like post-apocalyptic novels and Cold War nuclear paranoia, there is no finer book.
What's something readers might be surprised to learn about you?
I don't actually read very much! I can't sit still long enough to read like I used to, so most of the reading I do is via audio book. It's been that way since I was about 10 years old. I adore books as artifacts, but I cannot make the time to sit down with them. This has turned out to be to my advantage. I strongly believe that the key to good writing is that it must sound good, and so my preference for audio books has, I hope, made me a better writer. I also greatly prefer to reread books I enjoy than to try something new. Not that I don't love new stories, but although I've read Tolkien dozens of times I find my appreciation for his work only deepens with closer examination.
What are you most looking forward to in the next twelve months?
The release of Empire of Silence, for a start! It's my first novel, and a big change in my life, and it's bringing a lot of changes with it. I'll be attending my first Worldcon in August and my third Dragon Con in September. There are a couple new Star Wars films to look forward to (or dread), and the Dark Souls remaster. But most of all, I'm looking forward to spending time with my girlfriend, who lives in Florida and whom I don't get to see nearly enough.
Empire of Silence is published this week by Gollancz in the UK and DAW Books in North America.
Follow the Author: Goodreads, Twitter
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2 thoughts on "Interview with CHRISTOPHER RUOCCHIO"
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Established 30 years ago, AXA IM - Real Assets is currently the largest real estate portfolio and asset manager in Europe, with £75bn in AuM.
"A rising rate environment, combined with continued uncertainty around trade and broader political risk, has the potential to lead to greater market volatility into the medium term," Andrew Douglas, Insurance Relationships AXA IM says. "Real Assets have the ability to provide an attractive alternative solution for our insurance clients, through stable and predictable income to negate balance sheet volatility."
AXA IM provides a broad real assets offering across various sectors, geographies in private or public markets, equity or debt, Douglas continues.
"Size tends to be an advantage with the ability to source attractive deals and deploy capital effectively in the market. Asset managers remain well placed to fill the gap left by regulatory and capital constrained banking institutions, and deliver attractive real asset solutions for insurers."
Beyond the strong AuM, judges commended Axa IM's breadth of investment expertise and the willingness to invest further into remaining at the top of the league table.
Judges also noted the firm's impressive list of achievement in 2018 which included the completion of £8bn of transactions in 2018; £3.5bn in acquisitions and £4.5bn in disposals.
Total YTD capital raising in 2018 stands at £5bn. YTD in 2018, AXA IM – Real Assets has raised a total of £2bn in capital for debt strategies, including c. £1.5bn in CRE debt and £500m in Infrastructure debt.
The firm's focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in its investment process also didn't go unnoticed by the judges, which hailed AXA IM as a long-standing supporter of sustainable finance.


When a New Year comes around I tend to take on the attitude, "out with the old and in with the new," as if there's something wrong with the old and new is better.
But for those of us whose children are starting to put us into the old category, we know without a doubt, this is not the case!
When my four year old granddaughter explained her picture of me to my friend, I sensed no hint of negativity (except maybe for that one wrinkle). See how rosy she made my cheeks?
I decided to put aside this new-is-better attitude and enter 2019 with a different approach.
Instead of focusing on the new, I decided to looked for something new within the old. What could I appreciate if I took another look at the familiar? Why am I so quick to exchange what's been around awhile for something new?
I found a place for a lamp I was ready to toss to the curb.
I used an old teapot for a new look.
I went to my bookshelf and dug out some of my old favorites—the ones I have read to my children and now to my grandchildren. The ones they'll get someday . . . and I hope won't throw away!
Have you ever noticed the time changing on the clock in Goodnight Moon?
Or the white terrier making his appearance in all of Chris Van Allsburg's books?
Or the famous Frog and Toad in Anita and Arnold Lobel's, To Market Street on the letter T page?
I dug a little deeper and learned . . .
It took a year and a half for Dr. Suess to write, The Cat In The Hat. We can at least honor that diligence with another reading! Perhaps its presence will remind us that in time all good things come.
H.A. and Margaret Rey fled Paris on bicycles shortly before Nazi Germany invaded France. They took their Curious George manuscript with them. How could I ever let go of my copy now?
According to Mental Floss, the earnings from Goodnight Moon went to Margaret Wise Brown's young neighbor boy, Albert Edward Clark III. She had no children of her own. What a treasure for Albert . . . and for us. A bold reminder how a story can change a life.
This year, depending on which statistics you read, there will be between 600,000 and 1 million books published in the US. More than 20,000 of them will find a home with a child. According to Publishers Weekly , the children's book industry remains strong!
Whether we revisit the old or explore the new (or a little of both!), there will be plenty of books to keep us growing alongside the children in our lives.
There are always new things to discover in the old and familiar. Don't throw out the old treasures for the new. Put them on your child's or grandchild's shelf, if you haven't already.
I can see right now, I'm going to have to invest in another bookcase.
Happy OLD and NEW Reading in 2019!
What's a favorite oldie on your shelf?
I loved this, and I have added some more books to my I LOVE TO READ LIST. Please keep the blog entries coming.
Thanks for sharing, Renee. Sometimes the ones that come from mothers and grandmothers are the dearest of all. Amazing how we can remember these stories and can't find our keys somedays! Happy New Year!
LOL, so true! Have a blessed week!
LOVED this Karen! So wonderful to be reminded of the old and learn about the new, like the 19 Facts About Children's Books! Keep 'em coming.


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Neurochemical, structural and neurobehavioral evidence of neuronal protection by whey proteins in diabetic albino mice
Jamaan Ajarem1,
Ahmed A Allam1,2,
Hossam Ebaid1,3,
Saleh N Maodaa1,
Sanad M AL-Sobeai4,
Ahmed M Rady1,
Ali Metwalli5,6,
Naif G Altoom1,
Khaled Elfakki Ibrahim1 &
Mohammad I Sabri7
Behavioral and Brain Functions volume 11, Article number: 7 (2015) Cite this article
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and alterations in oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplement with whey protein (WP) could improve neurobehavior, oxidative stress and neuronal structure in the CNS.
Animals were distributed in three groups, a control group (N), a diabetic mellitus group (DM) and a DM group orally supplemented with WP (WP).
The DM group of animals receiving WP had reduced blood glucose, significantly decreased free radical Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and lower lipid peroxidation in brain tissue. The WP group of animals showed improvement in balancing, coordination and fore-limb strength, oxidative stress and neuronal structure.
The results of this study show that dietary supplementation with WP reduced oxidative stress, protected CNS neurons and improved the neurobehavior of diabetic mice.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is regarded as a major global epidemic of the 21stcentury [1]. DM is a complex and heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia in several organs of affected individuals [2]. DM is associated with decreased physical activities brain atrophy and lesions [3].
Diabetic encephalopathy is characterized by impaired cognitive functions and neurobehavior, neurochemical changes and neuronal damage caused by the increased intracellular glucose level. Previous studies assessed the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on the function of neuronal mitochondria in the brain, the major site of reactive free radical production in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats [4]. DM is characterized by disturbance in oxidative stress that plays a central role in tissue damage. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase were found to be increased in mitochondria, whereas glutathione (GSH), peroxidase activity and manganese superoxide dismutase were reduced in DM [5,6]. Also, GSH was reduced but glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was increased in the brain of STZ rats [4]. The overproduction of reactive species induced by enhanced glucose oxidation might overwhelm the antioxidant defenses, leading to cell damage. It has been reported that normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks the pathways of hyperglycemic damage [7]. Recently, however, the unique role of brain mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental diabetes has been questioned and it has been suggested that extra-mitochondrial factors may be involved in the induction of oxidative stress in diabetes [8]. Emerging evidence showed that the increased oxidative stress and consequent oxidative damage in hyperglycemic conditions begins in the mitochondria, the major site of reactive oxygen species production [9].
The balance between oxidation and antioxidation and is critical for maintaining a healthy biological system. Hyper physiological burden of free radicals causes imbalance in the homeostasis between oxidants and antioxidants in the body. This imbalance leads to oxidative stress in aging and various human diseases like atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease [10]. The majority of oxidant species involved in physiological oxidative events are anion superoxide (O− 2), hydroxyl radical (HO−), nitric oxide and peroxinitrite. In stress conditions, these species can initiate further deleterious effects on biomolecules and cause cellular damage. These effects can be lipid peroxidation [11], protein oxidation [12], DNA damage [13], oxidation of the reducing equivalents such as nicotinamides and thiols such as GSH and alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis [14]. These phenomena can be prevented and/or reversed, by the cellular antioxidant capacity; GSSG may be converted to GSH through the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by GSH reductase and NADPH [15]. Recent accumulated evidence has shown that natural antioxidants can prevent and treat the onset of diseases caused and/or fostered by oxygen free radicals [16].
Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) bleaching is one of the strategies has been used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of natural products; this method has shown to be rapid and simple that measures the capacity of herbal extracts and natural products to bleach the DPPH radical, a nitrogen-centered free radical [17]. In foods, antioxidants have been defined as substances that in small quantity are able to prevent or greatly retard the oxidation of materials such as fats [18]. However, biological antioxidants have a further broad definition, which includes systems such as metal transport proteins (e.g. transferrin, albumin, ferritin and ceruloplasmin) to prevent the redox properties of metal, antioxidant enzymes and factors involved in vascular homeostasis, signal transduction and gene expression [19]. Thus, the cellular antioxidant mechanisms involve suppressing of ROS formation, reducing oxygen free radicals (O− 2, HO − , ROO−) and H2O2, sequestering metal ions, scavenging active free radicals, repairing and/or clearing the oxidative damage. The bioactivity of an antioxidant also depends on factors like its physico-chemical characteristics and in vivo radical generating conditions [20].
Proteins are essential for the maintenance and repair of body tissues. Camel whey protein (WP) is a heterogeneous group of proteins that include serum albumin, α lactalbumin, immunoglobulin, lactophorin and peptidoglycan recognition protein [21]. WP contains all of the essential and nonessential amino acids and is a good source of glutamine and the branched-chain amino acids that are necessary for cell growth [22]. WP has been found to significantly suppress hydroperoxide and ROS levels in liver and other tissues in mice by stimulating production of glutathione synthesis and cellular antioxidant defense [23]. Therefore, WP may be used as a therapeutic tool for oxidative stress-associated diseases [24].
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of WP on oxidative metabolism in the brain, examine neuronal structure and behavioral changes in diabetic STZ Mice. Our hypothesis is that WP will protect neurons from oxidative stress in the brain which, in turn, may leads to behavioral and morphological improvement in the brain of STZ mice.
Streptozotocin (STZ): (99% pure) and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma chemical Company (St Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
Whey protein extraction
Camel milk was obtained from three breeds (Majaheem, Maghateer and sofr) of camel from the Najd region in Saudi Arabia. The milk was skimmed by centrifugation at 5000 g for 20 min using a IEC Model K centrifuge, [Boston, USA]. Skim milk was acidified to pH 4.3 using 1 M HCl. The precipitated casein was removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant containing the whey protein was brought to 70% saturation with ammonium sulfate and incubated overnight at 4°C. The precipitate containing whey proteins was collected by centrifugation and dialyzed against distilled water for 48 h at 4°C using a Spectra/Pro Membrane, MWCO 6000–8000 Da. The obtained dialyzates were lyophilized using a Unitop 600SL, Virtis Company, Gardiner, New York, USA and were kept at −20°C until used [25].
Mouse model of diabetes and investigations
This study did not involve endangered or protected animal species. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the standards set forth in the guidelines for the care and use of experimental animals by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals by the National Institutes of Health, USA. The study protocol (care and handling of experimental animals) was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Zoology Department in the College of Science at King Saud University.
Adult albino male mice weighing 25–30 g, were obtained from the College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia and housed in stainless steel wire cages (2 animals/cage) under pathogen-free conditions. The animals were maintained at 18-22°C on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle and provided with food and water ad libitum. The diabetic group of animals were intraperitoneal injected with STZ (70 mg/kg) to induce diabetes STZ-injected animals exhibited massive glycosuria and hyperglycemia within 5 days of injection. Diabetes was confirmed in Mice by measuring the fasting blood glucose level (200–250 mg/dl) before use. The animals were assigned into three groups: 1) the first control group (N) was given phosphate buffered saline, 2) the second DM group received STZ (DM), 3) the third DM group was treated orally with whey protein (WP) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days to induce pre-diabetic condition and 21 days for post-diabetic induction.
Biochemical, behavioral, and histological assays
Eight animals in each group were tested for behavioral changes by using activity cage, rota-rod and grip strength meter. After testing, animals were killed by decapitation. Blood samples were collected for glucose assay, and brains were removed. Brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata) were dissected, immediately cut into small pieces of 3 mm3 and fixed in 10% buffered formalin pH 7.4 for 24 h. The tissues were washed with buffered saline to remove excess fixative and then dehydrated in ascending grades of ethyl alcohol 70, 80, 90 and 95% for 45 min each and in two changes of absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 min each. This was followed by two changes of xylene for 30 min each. The tissues were then impregnated with paraplast plus (three changes) at 60°C for 3 h and then embedded in paraplast plus. Sections (4–5 μm) were prepared with a microtome, de-waxed, hydrated and stained in Mayer's hemalum solution for 3 min. The sections were stained in eosin for 1 min, washed in tap water and dehydrated in ethanol as described earlier. Hematoxylin–eosin-stained sections were prepared [26].
For biochemical studies 0.25 g brain tissue was homogenized in 3 ml of cold saline. The homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 min at 4°C, and the clear supernatant was collected in a microfuge tube (0.5 ml each) and stored at -40C until used.
Lipid peroxidation assay
Lipid peroxidation was determined by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid. Malondialdehyde (MDA) formed was determined according to the method of Preuss et al. [27]. Briefly, 1.0 ml brain supernatant was precipitated with 2 ml 7.5% trichloroacetic acid and centrifuged at 1,000 g for 10 min. Clear supernatant was mixed with 1 ml 0.70% thiobarbituric acid, incubated at 80 0C and the absorbance measured at 532 nm. Tetramethoxypropane was used as the standard.
DPPH assay
DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl) is relatively stable free radical. The assay was carried out essentially by the method described by Joyeux et al. [28] and modified by Viturro et al. [29]. The bleaching rate of DPPH was monitored at 517 nm in the presence of the sample. In its radical form, DPPH absorbs at 517 nm, but upon reduction by an antioxidant or radical species its absorption decreases. Briefly, tissue hydrolysate (1 ml) was added to a methanolic solution of DPPH (75 μmol L − 1, 4 mL). The mixture was shaken vigorously and left in the dark at room temperature for 60 min, after which the absorbance was measured at 517 nm. The DPPH-scavenging effect (%) was calculated as [(absorbance at 517 control – absorbance at 517 sample)/OD517 control] × 100. α-tocopherol and BHT were used as controls.
Cage activity test
The Ugo Basile 47420-Activity Cage was used to record spontaneous co-ordinate activity in mice and variation of this activity in time. This test was performed 3 min for each animals.
Rota-rod assay
In this test, a mouse is placed on a horizontally oriented and mechanically rotating rod at 15 rpm. The rod is suspended above a cage floor, which is low enough not to injure the animal, but high enough to induce avoidance of fall. Mice naturally try to stay on the rotating rod, and avoid falling to the ground. The length of time that a given animal stays on this rotating rod is a measure of their balance, coordination, physical condition, and motor-activity [30].
Grip-strength meter assay
The Ugo Basile 47200-Grip-Strength Meter suitable for mice automatically measures grip-strength (i.e. peak force and time resistance) of forelimbs in mice. The aim was to assess forelimbs muscle strength. Each animal tested three times and the peak force of each mouse was recorded. The mean of three values for each mouse was recorded.
Glucose assay
Blood glucose levels were determined using the Accu-Trend sensor (Roche Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany).
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS for windows version 11.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago) was used for the statistical analyses. Comparative analyses were conducted by using the general linear models procedure (SPSS, Inc). Also, the data were analyzed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD computations to compare various groups with each other. Results were expressed as mean ± S.D. The level of significance was expressed as significant at P < 0.05 and highly significant at P < 0.01 [31].
Blood glucose level
The results showed that treatment of animals with WP significantly decreased glucose level in DM mice (Figure 1). The animals of WP group appeared more active and healthy during the behavioral test.
Shows the blood glucose level in the normal group (N), Diabetic group (DM) and whey protein treated group (WP). Data are expressed as mean ± SED (N = 6; *p < 0.05, significantly different from the normal group).
Behavioral tests
In rotarod test, the WP treated mice stay on the rotating rod longer than the DM mice (Figure 2A). Treatment of mice with WP improved the balance, coordination, physical condition, and motor activity of the diabetic mice. In the activity cage, the DM group animals appeared anxious and recorded more scores in the horizontal and vertical activities than the normal and WP group of animals (Figure 2B). The WP group of animals showed significant improvements in the grip strength scores and recorded stronger beak than the DM group of animals (Figure 2C).
Shows the rota-rod records. (A), vertical and horizontal activities (B) and grip strength records for the fore-limb (C) in normal group (N), diabetic group (DM) and whey protein treated group (WP). Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (N = 6; *p < 0.05, significantly different from the normal group).
DPPH content was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in DM group of animals. In WP-treated animals, the level of DPPH was reduced to the level of DPPH in normal animals (Figure 3A). WP treated mice showed insignificant (P > 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation whereas a significant increase in MDA (P < 0.001) was seen in DM group (Figure 3B).
Shows the DPPH level. (A) and MAD level (B) in the brain tissue of normal group (N), diabetic group (DM) and whey protein treated group (WP). Data are expressed as mean ± SED (N = 6; *p < 0.05, significantly different from the normal group).
Brain histoarchitecture changes
The normal cells of the cerebral cortex had spherical or pyramidal perikaryon whose nuclei were large with neurons arranged in a regular pattern (Figures 4A &B). The cerebral neurons appeared more developed toward the white matter (Figure 4). Pathological changes were observed in many sections in the DM group. Chromatolysis was observed in DM groups and WP treated animals showed significant neuronal protection. (Figures 4D & F).
Sagittal sections in the cerebral cortex show the pyramidal cells distribution (PYN) and neurocyte chromatolysis (arrow). (A, B) normal group. (C, D) diabetic group. (E, F) whey protein treated group. (Hematoxylin and eosin stain).
In the cerebellum, the numbers of neurons in the molecular layer of control mice (Figure 5A) were the higher compared to diabetic and WP group of animals. The control Purkinjee (PKC) cells were arranged in a single row of large neurons with pear-shaped perikaryon and large nucleus (Figure 5A). The lateral processes disappeared and the apical processes formed the permanent dendritic tree (Figure 5). In DM group (Figure 5B), some degenerated and pyknotic Purkinje cells were detected and some were more spindle-shaped and small (Figure 5C). The normal medulla neurons appeared large in size, varied in shape and had round nuclei (Figure 6A). In DM group, most of medulla neurons appeared small and pyknotic (Figure 6B). WP group medulla neurons showed improvement (Figure 6C).
Photographs of the cerebellar cortex show the degenerated Purkinje cell (arrow), fissure (F), internal granular layer (IGL), molecular layer (ML), Purkinje cell (PKC), Purkinje cell layer (PCL), and white matter (WM). (A) normal group, (B) diabetic group, (C) whey protein treated group. (Hematoxylin and eosin stain).
Sagittal sections in the medulla oblongata show the medulla neurons (MN). (A) normal group, (B) diabetic group, (C) WP group. (Hematoxylin and eosin stain).
The results of this study demonstrate that hyperglycemia causes abnormalities in the neurobehavior of DM group animals such as physical balance, coordination and grip strength. Biochemical studies showed that DM is associated with disturbance in oxidative stress and neuronal pathology. Neuronal death may lead to cognitive deficits and an increased risk of brain complications [32]. In the diabetic animals, several brain alterations have been described, such as increased lipid peroxidation and DPPH radicals, neuronal changes in the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Recently, a significant body of evidence to indicate that diabetes has detrimental effects on brain functions such as memory loss in type I and type II diabetes [33]. Some investigators have also reported a reduction in the length of the dendritic trees of the Purkinjee cells and pyramidal cells in diabetic rodents [34]. The diabetic animals show changes in dendritic morphology, probably associated with synaptic disturbances. This may explain memory and learning deficits [3]. Oxidative stress is widely accepted as playing a key mediatory role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications, due to the increased production of free radicals and impaired antioxidant defenses [35]. Several mechanisms can contribute to increased oxidative stress in diabetic patients, especially chronic exposure to hyperglycemia. Accumulated evidence points out that hyperglycemia can lead to elevated ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production by the mitochondrial respiratory system [36], glucose autoxidation [37], activation of the polyol pathway [38], formation of advanced glycation end products [39], antioxidant enzyme inactivation and an imbalance of glutathione redox status [40]. Hyperglycemia can promote an important oxidative imbalance, favoring the production of free radicals and the reduction of antioxidant defenses. At high concentrations, ROS/RNS can damage the major components of the cellular structure, including nucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, and lipids [41]. Such oxidative modifications in the diabetes condition would affect several cell functions, metabolism, and gene expression, which in turn can cause other pathological conditions [42]. The oxidative stress leads to neuronal damage in several brain regions [5]. For example, neuronal loss in cerebrum impairs animal's memory [43], neuronal loss in cerebellum can have effect on balance and coordination [6] and neuronal loss in medulla oblongata and spinal cord can affect physical activity of mice [44].
Supplementation with WP for 26 days decreased blood glucose and showed significant improvement in the physical balance, coordination, motor activities, and muscles strength in diabetic animals. WP supplement also decreased lipid peroxidation and DPPH radicals. Overall, this study demonstrated that WP supplementation significantly improved pathological alterations in diabetic mice as reported by Ebaid et al. [25]. WP has been found to significantly suppress hydroperoxide and ROS levels in liver and other tissues in mice by stimulating production of glutathione synthesis and thereby boosting cellular antioxidant defense [23]. Therefore, we suggest that WP may be an important therapeutic tool to combat oxidative stress-associated diseases [24]. We propose that WP may ameliorate diabetes in DM mice by its ability to neutralize free radicals and thereby prevent neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress.
WP has a unique protective effect on glucose metabolism in STZ diabetic mice. WP supplementation improves the behavior of diabetic mice and reduces neuronal damage in the brain caused by oxidative stress.
Sousa GD, Fábio SL, José CR, Erick PO, Oyama LM, Santos RV, et al. Dietary whey protein lessens several risk factors for metabolic diseases: a review. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:67–76.
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This work was funded by King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, KSA, through project number AL-32-88.
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Jamaan Ajarem, Ahmed A Allam, Hossam Ebaid, Saleh N Maodaa, Ahmed M Rady, Naif G Altoom & Khaled Elfakki Ibrahim
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
Ahmed A Allam
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menia University, Minya, Egypt
Hossam Ebaid
Shaqra University Sajir College of Arts & Science, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
Sanad M AL-Sobeai
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ali Metwalli
Department of Dairy, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Mohammad I Sabri
Jamaan Ajarem
Saleh N Maodaa
Ahmed M Rady
Naif G Altoom
Khaled Elfakki Ibrahim
Correspondence to Ahmed A Allam.
JA directed the experimental study and is the PI of these investigations. AA and HE conceived the study, participated in the dissection and samples collection, design of the study, drafting and revising manuscript. SM, SE, NA and KE carried out the microstructures photos and biochemical analysis of the current sample, participated in the design of the study and performed the morphological analysis. AM prepared and extracted the whey protein from camel milk. MIS edited and coordinated the revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Ajarem, J., Allam, A.A., Ebaid, H. et al. Neurochemical, structural and neurobehavioral evidence of neuronal protection by whey proteins in diabetic albino mice. Behav Brain Funct 11, 7 (2015). https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/s12993-015-0053-0
DOI: https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/s12993-015-0053-0


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As the Abbey was a religious, a Christian foundation, this question involves Rulers, Kings and Princes, their beliefs and needs in caring for their people and themselves. We know, sometimes, in immense detail, what happened in Rome and Constantinople during the centuries while the Anglo-Saxons were invading and settling in Britain, but very little about events here.
In the 4th century the chiefly Germanic tribes from central and eastern Europe were threatening and invading the Empire. The Legions in Britain were needed to defend the province against Pictish marauders, but more urgently to support a commanding officer claiming sovereignty in Gaul, or to fight invaders crossing the Rhine. In Britain most villas were robbed and burnt before 370 AD. Some towns could be defended, but trade declined, most were decayed and some abandoned. After 410 AD Roman officials were not sent to govern Britain.
The Imperial Government was nominally Christian, but Paganism survived in Britain. Temples have been excavated at Lydney in the Forest of Dean, on Brean Down and on Creech Hill: recent excavation at Shepton Mallet showed two Pagan cemeteries and one cemetery that was clearly Christian.
The few records of British Christians are most interesting. Pelagius, who probably lived from about 360 to 420 AD split the Church by what seems to me to have been a rational and sensible heresy. He argued that Adam's sins could not justly have consigned his descendents for ever to Hell, and other parallel contentions. Monks and Bishops were strongly exercised about this ethical and logical matter in the 5th century. Eventually the Emperor put his foot down; persistent Pelagians could lose all their property; the Church (and the Emperor) must be able to decide between right and wrong.
About 405 AD Patrick, then a boy of about 15 or 16, was carried off from his family farm, location unknown, by Irish raiders, and sold into slavery. He escaped, more than once, and spent many years in Gaul studying religion, becoming warmly attached to the Church and Rome. In middle age he became the famous missionary to Ireland, baptising thousands, counteracting Pelagian tendencies, a bishop and a much loved saint.
Patrick probably worked with Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, who visited Britain twice in the middle of the 5th Century intent on defeating the Pelagians. It was possible at that time for a bishop to visit Britain, meet fellow churchmen in conference and return safely to Gaul.
Gildas lived from about 500 to 570 AD and could have written of the Anglo Saxon invasions and settlement in a period of which we are profoundly ignorant. He was a Briton, Latin-speaking, well educated and Christian. He wrote a sermon against the wickedness of contemporary British princes and their subjects, which was bringing disaster to the country. In a short historical introduction he refers to the "Proud Monarch" who invited unnamed Jutes into Kent to fight northern marauders; they revolted against him and could not be expelled.
Ambrosius Aurelianus, the "last of the Romans" here, rallied the Britons and defeated these invaders. Battles followed during the years, neither side prevailing, until the great British victory at Mount Badon, possibly in the year of Gildas' birth. Later writers say Arthur was the victor there; Gildas must have known.
The five princes whose wickedness shocked Gildas ruled only Wales and Dumnonia which probably included what was later Somerset and Dorset.
Excavations on Glastonbury Tor have shown that there were wooden buildings on the summit during the 6th century. The occupiers ate much meat, had a small brass furnace, and curiously collected fossil ammonites. "The site might have been the stronghold of a Dark Age Chieftain, or an early monastic site". (Rahtz, Invitation to Archaeology, 1991, p.128). The choice between these possibilities could depend on the writers interest: nothing excavated indicated a Christian context, so I prefer the Dark Age Chieftain.
In 577, possibly seven years after the death of Gildas, the Saxons won the battle of Dyrham, and captured Gloucester, Cirencester and Bath. But did the Saxons at Dyrham come from the Upper Thames valley, where there are many Pagan burials or, as the Anglo Saxon Chronicle suggests, from what are now Hampshire and Wiltshire where there are very few?
The Wansdyke is an earthwork running from near Portishead eastward to the present Berkshire boundary near Inkpen Beacon, that could have been a defence against whoever held Bath and Cirencester. There are many gaps in it; where timber was growing a palisade may have been thought more effective than a ditch and bank with a fence on the top. It was probably not a defence against Saxons after the Battle of Dyrham, but of one unknown British Chieftain against another unknown.
By way of Yneswitrin we are approaching Glastonbury, its written charters and sometimes fanciful Chronicles. We read that St Patrick ended his life as Abbot here, followed by Benignus who succeeded him in his Irish bishopric; St David built a church here; Gildas and St Bridget lived here: Indracht and Patrick were laid in tombs on either side of the altar by Ine, although Indracht seems to have been martyred a century later. Arthur's grave was only found in 1191. But these claims took many years to emerge from the minds of Abbots, Monks and their friends, and are out of place in this brief study of events leading up to Ine and the stone church he built.
Was there a monastery at Glastonbury before the Saxons got here? My answer is "very probably". The Church at Llandaff in South Wales received land gifts during the 7th century which, much altered, were recorded in Charters which have survived. Glastonbury, with its Tor and its later history, preserved a single Charter, much altered, dated 601 AD.
William of Malmesbury writing "of the Antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury" in about 1133, saw this charter by which a King of Dumnonia whose name was illegible, gave the land called Yneswitrin to the Old church situated there, five cassati, (that is hides) at the request of Abbot Worgret. Bishop Mauron wrote the Charter, which he and Abbot Worgret signed. The Charter is not right; the "Old Church" implies that a new Church had been built presumably by Ine; dating "Anno Domini" was unknown in 601. But I think it more probable that whoever wrote the document that William saw was working from some written record that named perhaps Mauron or Worgret, perhaps Yneswitrin, perhaps 601, rather than from his own imagination quite unaided.
In 658 after the Battle of Pen the West Saxons pursued the Britons to the Parret. In 682 the Britons were pursued to the sea. The West Saxons were now Christians, with some vigorous and devoted leaders. Among these was Aldhelm who studied in Ireland and Western Europe, was learned in literature and religion and wrote poems in fanciful Latin. He became Abbot of Malmesbury and was the first bishop of Westwood, Wessex west of Selwood. He was a much loved preacher and organiser of the church and died at Doulting in 709. He was the West Saxon's first Saint.
Winfrith, known later as Scant Boniface, was born at Crediton in 675 to a well placed Saxon family and educated at Exeter from the age of five. So a good Saxon family was living in mid-Devon only seventeen years after the battle of Pen, when the Britons were pursued to the Parret. His missions to Thuringia, Bavaria, Hesse and Frisia ended in his martyrdom as an old man in 754. They were amazingly successful, showing his courage and adventurous spirit, his ability to win the support of Pope and Kings and the love of the people whose souls he was trying to save.
Ine, King of the West Saxons from 688 to 725, was a man of outstanding ability, who regarded Christianity as essential to government, as monasteries were to Christianity. At a monastery men, and sometimes women, could learn to read, write and keep accounts, and sometimes to record the successes of the King. Religion taught there impressed subjects that speaking truth, keeping oaths, orderly behaviour and attendance on and obedience to priests could possibly avoid eternal damnation for believers.
Ine, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, founded the monastery at Glastonbury. What was there at an Abbey in the eighth century? A church, with relics of Saints; somewhere for writing and teaching; somewhere for books and records to be kept safe and dry; somewhere to live and perhaps a barn for storage of food. These elements could make monastic life possible for those who wished to serve their fellows and themselves in this way.
Grants of land to an Abbey provided an income to feed, clothe and support those living there and their work. During the few years before Ine became King, the Abbey was given land at Meare, "Glastingai", Leigh in Street, Clewer, twenty Hides on the bank of the Tone, and Brentmarsh which the Abbot abandoned. In Ine's time were added Pilton including Shepton and Croscombe, land on Pennard Hill, Zoy an island in Sedgemoor, and twenty Hides on Polden Hills, increased to sixty Hides in 729. Brentmarsh was recovered. A stone church was built next to the Old Church.
Although Ine may not have founded the Abbey, he made it rich and powerful enough to last another 800 years.


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Q: Drupal : Drupal6 views : Filter restriction I am a newbie to Drupal, hope somebody can answer my query.
I think I am facing a weird problem in views..I have a content type of say Company and have around 3-4 pages added to it. The sequence is as
1. Company - default page
2. View company
3. Search company
4. New page
The problem is when I go and add a Filter to the Search company page then that filter get shared with the default page and new page but doesn't get shared with the view company page, I am not sure what is causing this as I want that filter to be applicable for the search page and do not get shared across other pages.
is there a setting where I can restrict this filter getting shared ?
Thanks in advance
- Dev-Drupal.

A: If you want to set a filter only for one display, you have to, on the configuration of that display :

*

*specify that the filters should "override" the default ones

*specific the specific filters you want on that display.

See What are overrides? for a little longer description.
Basically, on the configuration of the "Search company" display, when you are trying to configure filters, you should choose "override" before specifying your filters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Creativity Researchers From IIT Kharagpur Rewarded For Generating Power From Wet Clothes
Researchers From IIT Kharagpur Rewarded For Generating Power From Wet Clothes
By Staff Reporter -
3 August, 2020 11:06 PM
A team of researchers from IIT Kharagpur received the 'Gandhian Young Technological Innovation Awards 2020' to design a method to produce electricity with wet clothes kept drying in sunlight. The information was provided by a spokesman for the institution on Monday.
The same award was presented similarly to another group from IIT Kharagpur for tackling the conservation of energy and thermal control issue in portable and mobile electronic devices.
IIT Kharagpur Director Prof Virendra Tewari congratulated the researchers by saying, "We still have sectors which need sourcing and efficient management of clean energy to meet our augmented power requirements, even in the remote areas." The Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institution (SRISTI), a voluntary organization, has established the 'Gandhian Young Technological Innovation (GYTI) Awards."
SRISTI said that the GYTI Award honours the spirit of student innovation in all areas of engineering, science, technology and design by highly affordable/frugal approaches, or those that drive the technical edge.
The representative of IIT Kharagpur said that Prof. Suman Chakraborty, Prof. Partha Saha and Dr Aditya Bandopadhyay from the Mechanical Engineering Department were awarded for their research – "Electrical power generation from wet textile".
Prof Sunando Dasgupta and his team from the Department of Chemical Engineering have also been awarded for their work – "Smart, flexible, and multi-functional thermal and energy management systems for next-generation electronic devices".
Nano-electricity generator, the novelty of the first innovation, is in its thrifty means rather than generating power from intricate resources, the IIT Kharagpur representative said.
The device was checked in a rural village where washermen left nearly 50 wet clothes to dry. These clothes were attached to a commercial supercapacitor that discharged some 10-volt electricity. This accumulated energy is plenty for more than one hour to light a white LED bulb.
"The clothes we wear are made from cellulose-based textile which has a network of nano-channels. Ions in saline water can move through this interlace fibrous nano-scale network by capillary action inducing an electric potential in the process," explained the researchers from the department of mechanical engineering.
The paper is published in Nano Letters, a field-level high-impact journal, and they patented the innovation.
The team led by Prof. Sunando Dasgupta partnered with Purdue University, USA, to resolve energy efficiency and thermal control problems in portable and mobile electronic devices, the representative said.
They achieved this by leveraging the unique properties of 'smart materials' materials that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, or magnetic signals – infused with graphene, a form of carbon.
Read more about education news on Rajasthan Shiksha.
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Taking on TrekFest is no mean feat but it's one of the most inclusive challenges in the country. The challenge takes place in July 2019 in The Beacons and there is the choice of two different treks - 25km or 50km.
The Brecon Beacons National Park is full of stunning scenery, rolling countryside and impressive mountains. This incredible mountain range runs through the centre of South Wales and is a training ground of the SAS – it will test you to your limits with challenging climbs and steep descents. Both the 25km and 50km routes venture to the summit of Pen Y Fan – the highest peak in southern Britain. From here you'll witness just how beautiful and diverse this National Park really is!
For more information visit the TrekFest website.
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©2019 We Hear You, all rights reserved.


Dermalogica's story starts in 1983, when skin therapist Jane Wurwand founded The International Dermal Institute, a postgraduate training and research facility designed to bring a new era of professionalism and results to an industry that had become obsessed with pampering, shallow beauty and miracle claims. The International Dermal Institute now 37 training centers in the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Germany, Australia and New Zealand and trains over 75,000 skin therapists every year. IDI also continues to serve as the research arm of Dermalogica, and is a critical component of our product development, product testing and education curriculum. Jane then founded Dermalogica in 1986 to bring a new generation of skin therapists the type of results-oriented, no-nonsense products that their clients demanded. From day one, our formulas raised eyebrows in the industry – not only for the cutting-edge ingredients we used, but also for common ones we omitted. To this day, Dermalogica products shun the industry norm of using cheap chemicals like Mineral Oil, Lanolin, S.D. Alcohol, artificial fragrances and colors – and our packaging has remained simple and sustainable.


Apex Hotel founder Norman Springford was the unanimous winner of the 2012 Hospitality Industry Trust (HIT) Scotland lifetime achievement award at its annual industry dinner.
Springford has grown the hotel chain to five Scottish hotels – four in Edinburgh and one in Dundee - as well as three hotels in London.
Apex recently opened its third hotel in London, the 184-room Temple Court Hotel in the capital's Inner Temple area.
Apex Hotels reported an 18 per cent rise in turnover last year to £40 million, with the number of rooms sold, room rates and occupancy all up on 2010 figures.
Springford and his wife Dorothy built the Apex Hotel chain from a single renovation project in Edinburgh's Grassmarket into a multi-million pound company.
David Cochrane, chief executive of Hospitality Industry Trust (HIT) Scotland, said: "HIT Scotland are delighted to present Norman Springford with this award.
"Norman is a highly respected Scottish businessman who has achieved great things for our industry and Apex Hotels are doing fantastically well in such challenging times.
The award was presented to Springford by Stephen Carter, chairman of Hospitality Industry Trust (HIT) Scotland and Hotelier of the Year.
The 400-cover dinner event was held at the Hilton Hotel in Glasgow last week.
Money from the event benefits HIT Scotland, a charity working to raise professional aspirations across the hospitality industry.
HIT Scotland has raised more than £2 million since the trust launched in 1994, and has helped almost 10,000 students via its bursary scheme and has provided more than 700 scholarships in that time.


text:
Q: How to make Visual Studio not put { on a new line? If I have code like this
if(true){

and I add
}

it is transformed into
if (true)
{
}

but I would like it to stay in format
if (true) {
}

Even if I copy code that has if like this, it is transformed into the longer version.
P.S. I understand that it's a C++ and C# standard to use the longer version, however I do come from a different standard, and it's easier for me to use the shorter version.
I bet there is some formatter option that can be turned off or changed.

A: Bear in mind that if you're using Resharper the above procedure won't help, since Resharper overrides the native VS behavior. If that's your case go to Resharper > Options, Code Editing > C# > Formatting Style > Braces Layout, set all top "Braces Layout" options to "At end of line (K&R style)".
Took me a while to figure this out, so I hope it helps someone.

A: Go to Tools -> Options -> Text Editor -> C# -> Code Style -> Formatting-> New Lines
Here there are a lot of options. Remove the check on all options here to never put the open bracket on a new line.
EDIT
The section New Line Options for expressions does not relate to placement of code in conjunction with brackets, so those you don't need to touch.

A: For all the Mac Users out there, this is how I solved it:
Preferences -> Source Code -> Code Formatting -> C# source code -> C# Format -> Edit
There you can change it under the Category: New Lines

A: You can change that in the options of your Visual Studio. Go to Tools -> Options -> Text Editor -> C# -> formatting -> new lines (or something similar, I only have the german version of visual studio). You can then change where you want to put the brackets into the next line and where you don't. Personally, I removed all the options, but if you want to have a new line e.g. in loops, there are many options to customize this.

A: Have a look at Tools -> Options then Text Editor -> C# -> Formatting -> New Lines

A: For C++, the only way I can avoid VC++ putting '{' on new line for namespaces is by unchecking "Automatically format block when I type a }" option:

A: To do the same thing for CSS you have to go to: Tools > Options > Text Editor > CSS > Advanced > Formatting > Automatic Formatting > Off


The project forms the final part of the Northern Territory's full medical education program that completes the pathway for students to undergo their entire medical training in the Northern Territory. The building provides a transition between a university and a hospital for medical students and includes a direct physical link to the main hospital via a new bridge for a more hands-on learning experience.
Overcoming Darwin's relative isolation, students will receive a high-quality education on a par with any in the world. The building incorporates highly sophisticated audiovisual and modern teaching facilities. A thoughtfully designed student common room where students can relax and mingle is at the heart of the new building and supports a strong sense of collegiality.
"The Flinders University NT, NTMP Administration and Teaching Facilities project comprises of a new building of approximately 2000 m2 FECA, undercover areas as appropriate and car parking. The site allocated is to the South of the existing Building 4 at the Royal Darwin Hospital campus adjacent to the John Mathews building. The works will also involve refurbishment of the existing Level 1 of Building 4 for increased teaching space. ICT and audiovisual infrastructure scoped within the approved budget for both new and proposed refurbished building.


Martina Cappellano, an 11th grader at Rye Country Day School, has been chosen by the League of Women Voters of Rye, Rye Brook & Port Chester to receive its 2017 Student Civic Achievement Award. This award is given annually to a high school student who lives in and attends a high school in the City of Rye, Villages of Rye Brook and Port Chester, or the Rye Neck section of the Town of Rye, in recognition of the student's overall contributions to his or her school and community in the areas of civic engagement, advocacy, leadership or voter education.
Martina is involved in a myriad of service programs within and beyond her school. She is a mentor with the Saturday Enrichment and Tutorial program, a tuition-free literacy program for students in first through fourth grade from local schools, a tutor for the Rye Country Day SCOPE program, an after school academic enrichment program for fourth and fifth grade students, a volunteer in the therapeutic recreation department at Blythedale Hospital, and a special events volunteer at Children's Hope Chest, a non-profit organization that provides various programs and support to local children suffering from poverty, abuse, neglect or illness.
Martina recently studied for a semester at the Island School in Eleuthera, Bahamas, a school whose focus is "to foster a lifetime passion for learning, understanding and service in an ever-changing world." Her studies enabled her to to explore marine biology and environmental studies. While away she was an international correspondent for her high school's newspaper.
We congratulate Martina on being the recipient of the 2017 Student Civic Achievement Award.


Emeritus Professor Peter Numa Joubert AM, who died on 13 July 2015, aged 91, was a man of many remarkable skills and achievements, ranging from being a distinguished academic and noted authority on fluid mechanics to being the only 'amateur' to design a Sydney Hobart Yacht Race overall winner.
A member of the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia since 1973, Prof Joubert designed Zeus II, a Currawong 31 which won the 1981 Sydney Hobart, as well as other yachts that won their divisions of the ocean classic. Zeus II is still racing, aged 37, although now restricted to competing on Sydney Harbour.
He will be remembered as a designer of ocean racing and cruising yachts but perhaps more significantly for his role in offshore yachting safety and in road safety, including the design and mandatory installation and use of car seat belts.
An active sailor from the time he grew up in Sydney, Prof Joubert competed in 27 Sydney Hobart races, mostly skippering yachts of his own design which he named after Australian birds, including the Currawong 31 and Brolga 35. More than a hundred yachts have been built to his designs.
In 1993 he was awarded the CYCA Commodore's Medal for outstanding seamanship after his year rescued eight survivors from a yacht that foundered at night in a strong gale during the Sydney Hobart. Peter survived the Sydney Hobart storm of 1998, although his yacht capsized, but later righted itself.
He also received a medal in the Order of Australia in 1996 for his contribution on road and yacht safety and in 2009 was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for research the field of fluid mechanics, particularly in relation to submarine design and education.
While yacht design was more a sideline to his major research in mechanical engineering, he was a member of the Institute of Naval Architects and authored more than ten papers in the Journal of Ship Research. These included investigations of the forces caused by slamming impact on yacht hulls.
Peter and I had been friends for more than 35 years and as a sometime crewman on one of his Currawong 31s, Lollipop (fourth overall in the Sydney Hobart in 1977 and beaten only by three maxi yachts). We enjoyed many discussions on yacht design and construction and crew safety rules over the years.
Last year, then living in retirement in the Melbourne suburb of Kew, Peter sent me a copy of a book he had written about yet another chapter in his life – as a young RAAF fighter pilot on active duty in New Guinea during World War II.
It gave me a fascinating insight into his early years, including details of a flying accident that led into him into research on seat belts for road safety and also safety harnesses for yachtsmen racing offshore.
Before graduating to more advanced fighter aircraft, Peter was flying a Tiger Moth biplane when the aircraft flipped as it landed, leaving him hanging upside down in his pilot's harness.
It was a powerful lesson in the life-saving value of a seatbelt; one he would never forget.
Unquestionably, Peter's later research and passionate drive to have government's introduce mandatory laws on seat belt that saved many Australians their lives in road accidents.
When the war ended, Peter benefitted from a training course that allowed him to finish his matriculation and then undertake engineering at Sydney University. His academic and research would lead him to becoming Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Melbourne.
He retired in 1989 but continued his work as Emeritius Professor at the University, including a study of separating flow about a submarine hull when engaging in a turning manoeuvre, and advising the Department of Defence and senior Naval officers on hull shapes for the RAN's submarines.
When I last spoke to Peter, he invited me to join him for lunch at the Melbourne Club "next time you are in Melbourne." Sadly, we never got together for that lunch.


Author's note: Beauty is a question of perspective. It can exist at a distance or right in your face. Textures, sounds, colors all have their own loveliness. Sometimes it's possible that beauty is only skin deep, that something hideous hides just below the surface. What you look for is pretty much what you find.


Need graduation gift ideas for a friend, family member or your daughter perhaps? It can truly be a tough decision…I know first hand! Here are 10 fabulous Senior Graduation Gifts to make their day extra special! Everything from the perfect interview bag to an adorable makeup bag perfect for everyday use. These gifts would be loved by any girl just graduating from high school as well! Happy shopping!
A classic Kate Spade tote bag is the perfect gift for a graduate who is about to start interviewing! The medium size bag is a great size to carry around a folder for resumes or a portfolio. A recent grad will be dressed to impressed ready to land her first job!
Who doesn't need a good planner? Lilly Pulitzer has the cutest printed agendas that will prepare any recent graduate to keep track on interviews. With the 12 month agenda she'll be prepared for an entire year to stay organized!
Pick out an initial necklace for a personalized gift that can be worn as an everyday accessory. Something simple and cute can be the best gift!
You can never have enough thank you cards! A recent graduate will fly through these after interview and sending thank you notes to the interviewees. Simple cards work best, but adding the print on the inside of the card adds personalization.
For the coffee-loving recent grad! They probably needed a lot of coffee to get through college, but now they will need it even more on their way to work. Tumblers come in all different colors with cute quotes! Great gift for those headed to college as well!
A recent graduate will L O V E this gift! It's very useful to carry around in case they need to take notes in a meeting or even checking emails in the office.
A classic neutral watch is great for the graduate who will be in meetings all day or has a habit of being late! Kate Spade and others have watches that have small design details to make them special. Check out this watch for any fan of Kate Spade!
You can't go wrong with this adorable canvas makeup bag! This bag could be used as a pencil pouch, makeup bag, or even just for everyday errands. With cute quotes this is a great option for senior graduation gifts!
A cozy personalized sweatshirt is perfect for the recent graduate to wear on days off of work. With many different styles of lettering and colors, the options are endless!
For the graduate who loves to take pictures and capture moments! The camera comes in many color options and prints photos right away. Don't forget the film!
A must read for a recent graduate who is ready to kick start their career! All about how Sophia Amoruso started her own business and all the hard work along the way. A truly inspirational senior graduation gift for any gal!


We all want to know: what exactly is it about diets and other weight-loss routines that make it so darn hard for us to lose weight even when we try, try again? Is it our fault when we set out to lose weight but simply can't? Is our willpower just not strong enough – are we too weak-minded?
Hopefully, you can take some comfort (not to be confused with comfort food) in knowing that our failure to launch pounds out of our bodies involves a number of factors. It takes more than just making a determination to stick to a weight-loss regimen, only to become unglued two weeks into it when we step on a scale and find out we've gained a pound or two.
Losing weight isn't just about eating fewer calories; most overweight people are dealing with a metabolic problem. They feel hungry all the time because, as thebloodsugardiet.com puts it, "The normal feedback mechanisms that tell you that you are full no longer work. Willpower fails because you are up against one of the most basic drives we have, hunger." Consistent daily exercise will help with that. Note, too, that some foods specifically take aim at increasing your metabolic rate, among them foods packed with protein as well as iron-rich foods. Think, too, about eating more but smaller meals during the day. Get that motor running, and keep it running.
Insulin resistance. This is what puts individuals on the road to a prediabetic condition; next stop, full-blown diabetes, as in type 2 diabetes in many cases. So, what's going on here? Or to put it more accurately, what has gone on here? More than likely, years of bad eating habits have forced your body, via the pancreas, to pump out more and more insulin in order to reduce all that fat and sugar you've crammed into your body by eating an abundance of fattening food, some of it loaded with sugar, and all of it sending your blood-sugar levels soaring. Hence, your body has become insulin resistant, and that translates to excess fat storage, especially around the stomach area, with abdominal fat. Don't despair, though: You can bring your blood sugar back down to healthier levels with proper diet and supplementation. If you do that right, you should see the pounds start coming off.
It's not just what you eat and how much; it's also when. First, don't skip breakfast; that'll make you all the much hungrier two or three hours later. Eat a healthy breakfast – webmd.com suggests cottage cheese with fruit, or eggs and whole-wheat toast, or Greek yogurt with a banana. The timing of when you eat isn't just a morning concern, either. Think nighttime as well. Snacking after supper while you watch TV or get absorbed on your computer or smartphone might mean continually grabbing unhealthy munchies. Also, eating dinner much after 6 or 7 p.m. stands to pack on the pounds, regardless how disciplined you are eating-wise earlier in the day. Health experts suggest eating dinner at least three hours before your head hits the pillow; otherwise, you could be looking at boosts to your body temp, blood sugar and insulin.
Age and gender. First, the latter. Men tend to drop pounds more quickly at first than women, but the ladies show staying power and usually have more success with long-term plans. Ok, the guys can lose belly fat faster than women, who find the extra weight around the middle a bit more stubborn to jettison. As for the age factor, our metabolism starts tapping on the brakes to the tune of about 2 to 8 percent metabolism slowdown per decade. A loss of muscle mass is oftentimes to blame on this one.
Getting enough sleep? Less sleep a night ordinarily slows the metabolism and means you won't burn calories as quickly as you'd like. This makes it harder to lose weight, perhaps negating whatever good you did with your diet- and exercise-wise – that day. A study cited by webmd.com says that people getting an insufficient amount of sleep eat about 300 more calories a day than those people who sawed all their logs in peace. Eight hours a night is a good target.
Could be a thyroid issue. If your thyroid is underactive, you will likely gain weight from the accumulation of salt and water in the body. Suspect a problem? Discuss with your physician.
Lifestyle routines. You probably don't need to start a spartan bootcamp-mentality just yet with reveille in the morning and taps at night. But you need to take a good look at your daily routines (or lack thereof, i.e. exercise) and leisure-time habits (i.e., TV-watching and/or social media habits) and tighten things up a bit. Managing your time right is key here. Do it right.
Your surroundings. If you work at least five days a week in an office environment where someone is is always bringing in donuts, cookies, whatever, that can make toeing the line on a diet excruciatingly tough.


Every year our designers spend months dreaming up new cake toppers; their efforts are influenced not only by emerging trends in fashion, style and theme but by the Brides who have taken the time to share with us what they would like to see us create! The following cake toppers are the result of all the work over the past year.
Holding a banner than proudly proclaims "We Did!", this indie couple is ideal for any vintage themed wedding. His grey suit and carefully styled hair are the perfect counterpart to her classically sweet wedding gown.
Featuring an elegant up-do and modern wedding dress, this bride is classy and confident on and off the dance floor!
*Custom hair and sash colors available.
This cake topper captures some of the magic and romance of a winter wedding as the Bride and Groom go for a stroll on a crisp snowy day, hands tightly clasped together.
Celebrate your hero with this brave Fireman groom. He can be paired with any of our mix and match Brides and sits comfortable on the second tier of the cake.
Whether he's carrying her across the threshold or sweeping his Bride up for a romantic kiss, this groom knows how to treat a lady. The bride knows that she's finally found the man that isn't going to let her go.
*Custom hair and shoe colors available.
Standing in a rowboat featuring a "Just Married" banner, this Bride and Groom are dancing to music only they can hear.
Shown here with our "Curvy Bride" cake topper, this Police Officer is dashing in his uniform. His ticket book reads "You stole my heart" and he features a heart shaped badge. This handsome groom can be paired with any of our mix and match brides to create the combination that is perfect for you!
If your family includes a plus one of the canine variety, these puppy figurines can be added to the cake so no one is left out! The breeds currently available are Shih Tzu, Dachshund, Terrier, Pug and Bichon Frise.
Whether you think owls are a hoot 😉 or you're looking for an alternative to the classic love bird cake topper, these adorable creatures will top your cake with style! Pair them with our Owl Salt & Pepper Shakers to continue the theme.
Made of poly resin, this darling cake topper won't be leaving any twigs behind on your wedding cake! Whether you are having an outdoor or rustic wedding (or just happen to think these little guys are adorable), you can't go wrong with this cake topper!
Dressed up in a Top Hat and Veil just for the occasion, these little doves can be used to top your cake, add a little whimsy to your centerpieces or decorate your guest book table!
These elegant blooms are a stunning option if you want to veer away from the more traditional cake topper. They come in a set of three with a small, medium and large flower.
While this sign can be used as more than just a cake topper, it's a great way to add a little rustic charm to your event. This sign will come to your door personalized with your Monogram or Initials.
There you have it folks – our new selection of cake toppers for 2013. Is there a different topper you would love to see added to our selection next year? Be sure to tell us about it; your input is important to us and will help Weddingstar continue to offer new and exciting products!


Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Mix your ingredients. Your batter will be VERY thick. I use the ghiradelli brownie mix that has chocolate chips already in it but feel free to add some if yours doesn't have any! Spoon cookies on a greased cookie sheet and bake for 8-9 minutes. Makes about 12 big cookies!