The conceptual principles to enable this interstellar travel project were described in "A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight", by Philip Lubin of UC Santa Barbara. Sending the lightweight spacecraft involves a multi-kilometer phased array of beam-steerable lasers with a combined coherent power output of up to 100 GW.
On 24 August 2016, ESO hosted a press conference to discuss the announcement of exoplanet Proxima b at its headquarters in Germany. In this picture, Pete Worden giving a speech.
The project was announced on 12 April 2016 in an event held in New York City by physicist and venture capitalist Yuri Milner, together with cosmologist Stephen Hawking, who was serving as board member of the initiatives. Other board members include Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. The project has an initial funding of US$100 million to initialize research. Milner places the final mission cost at $5–10 billion, and estimates the first craft could launch by around 2036. Pete Worden is the project's executive director and Professor Avi Loeb (Harvard University) chairs the Advisory Board for the project.
Our physical resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gift of climate change. Rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation and decimation of animal species. We can be an ignorant, unthinking lot. We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. It is time to explore other solar systems. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.
The Breakthrough Starshot program aims to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for ultra-fast, light-driven nano-spacecraft, and lay the foundations for a first launch to Alpha Centauri within the next generation. Secondary goals are: Solar System exploration and detection of Earth-crossing asteroids. The spacecraft would make a flyby of, and, possibly photograph any Earth-like worlds that might exist in the system.
In August 2016, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) announced the detection of a planet orbiting the third star in the Alpha Centauri system, Proxima Centauri. The planet, called Proxima Centauri b, is orbiting within the habitable zone of its star, and it could be a potential target for one of the projects of Breakthrough Initiatives.
In January 2017, Breakthrough Initiatives and the European Southern Observatory entered a collaboration to search for habitable planets in the nearby star system, Alpha Centauri. The agreement involves Breakthrough Initiatives providing funding for an upgrade to the VISIR (VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-Infrared) instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. This upgrade will greatly increase the likelihood of planet detection in the system.
The Starshot concept envisions launching a "mothership" carrying about a thousand tiny spacecraft (on the scale of centimeters) to a high-altitude Earth orbit and then deploying them. A phased array of ground-based lasers would then focus a light beam on the crafts' sails to accelerate them one by one to the target speed within 10 minutes, with an average acceleration on the order of 100 km/s2 (10,000 ɡ), and an illumination energy on the order of 1 TJ delivered to each sail. A preliminary sail model is suggested to have a surface area of 4 m × 4 m. An October 2017 presentation of the Starshot system model examines circular sails and finds that the beam director capital cost is minimized by having a sail diameter of 5 meters.
Earth-size planet Proxima Centauri b was discovered in 2016 orbiting within the Alpha Centauri system habitable zones, compelling the Breakthrough Starshot to try to aim its spacecraft within 1 astronomical unit (150 million kilometers or 93 million miles) of it. From this distance, a craft's cameras could potentially capture an image of high enough quality to resolve surface features.
The fleet would have about 1000 spacecraft, and each one (dubbed a StarChip), would be a very small centimeter-sized vehicle weighing a few grams. They would be propelled by a square-kilometre array of 10 kW ground-based lasers with a combined output of up to 100 GW. A swarm of about 1000 units would compensate for the losses caused by interstellar dust collisions en route to the target. In a detailed study in 2016 Thiem Hoang and coworkers found that mitigating the collisions with dust, hydrogen and galactic cosmic rays may not be quite as severe an engineering problem as first thought.
Light propulsion requires enormous power: a laser with a gigawatt of power (approximately the output of a large nuclear plant) would provide only a few newtons of thrust. The spaceship will compensate for the low thrust by having a mass of only a few grams. The camera, computer, communications laser, a plutonium power source, and the solar sail must be miniaturized to fit within a mass limit. All components must be engineered to endure extreme acceleration, cold, vacuum, and protons. The spacecraft will have to survive collisions with space dust; Starshot expects each square centimeter of frontal cross-section to collide at high speed with about a thousand particles of size at least 0.1 μm. Focusing a set of lasers totaling one hundred gigawatts onto the solar sail will be difficult due to atmospheric turbulence, so there is the suggestion to use space-based laser infrastructure. According to The Economist, at least a dozen off-the-shelf technologies will need to improve by orders of magnitude.
StarChip is the name used by Breakthrough Initiatives for a very small, centimeter-sized, gram-scale, interstellar spacecraft envisioned for the Breakthrough Starshot program, a proposed mission to propel a fleet of a thousand StarChips on a journey to the Alpha Centauri star system, the nearest extrasolar stars, about 4.37 light-years from Earth. The journey may include a flyby of Proxima Centauri b, an Earth-sized exoplanet that is in the habitable zone of its host star. The ultra-light StarChip robotic nanocraft, fitted with lightsails, are planned to travel at speeds of 20% and 15% of the speed of light, taking between 20 and 30 years to reach the star system, respectively, and about 4 years to notify Earth of a successful arrival. The conceptual principles to enable practical interstellar travel were described in "A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight", by Philip Lubin of UC Santa Barbara, who is an advisor for the Starshot project.
In July 2017, scientists announced that precursors to StarChip, named Sprites, were successfully launched and flown through Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle by ISRO from Satish Dhawan Space Centre. Sprites will also be flown on the KickSat-2 mission scheduled for November 2018.
Each StarChip nanocraft is expected to carry miniaturized cameras, navigation gear, communication equipment, photon thrusters and a power supply. In addition, each nanocraft would be fitted with a meter-scale lightsail, made of lightweight materials, with a gram-scale mass.
Four sub-gram scale digital cameras, each with a minimum 2-megapixels resolution, are envisioned.
Four sub-gram scale processors are planned.
Four sub-gram scale photon thrusters, each minimally capable of performing at a 1W diode laser level, are planned.
A 150 mg atomic battery, powered by plutonium-238 or americium-241, is planned.
A coating, possibly made of beryllium copper, is planned to protect the nanocraft from dust collisions and atomic particle erosion.
The lightsail is envisioned to be no larger than 4 by 4 meters (13 by 13 feet), possibly of composite graphene-based material. The material would have to be very thin and be able to reflect the laser beam while absorbing only a small fraction of the incident energy, or it will vaporize the sail.
The table below lists possible target stars for similar photogravitational assist travel. The travel times are for the spacecraft to travel to the star and then enter orbit around the star (using photon pressure in maneuvers similar to aerobraking).
The German physicist Claudius Gros has proposed that the technology of the Breakthrough Starshot initiative may be utilized in a second step to establish a biosphere of unicellular microbes on otherwise only transiently habitable exoplanets. A Genesis probe would travel at lower speeds, about 0.3% of the speed of light. It could hence be decelerated using a magnetic sail.
^ a b c d e f g h i Gilster, Paul (12 April 2016). "Breakthrough Starshot: Mission to Alpha Centauri". Centauri Dreams. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
^ a b Chang, Kenneth (24 August 2016). "One Star Over, a Planet That Might Be Another Earth". New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
^ a b c d Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrough Starshot". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ a b c d e f g h i Overbye, Dennis (12 April 2016). "Reaching for the Stars, Across 4.37 Light-Years; A Visionary Project Aims for Alpha Centauri, a Star 4.37 Light-Years Away". New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrough Initiatives - Breakthrough Starshot". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
^ Hall, Loura (7 May 2015). "DEEP IN Directed Energy Propulsion for Interstellar Exploration". NASA News. Retrieved 2016-04-22. NASA is pleased to hear that Professor Lubin has received external funding to continue the work started in his NIAC study.
^ "Breakthrough Initiatives". breakthroughinitiatives.org. Retrieved 2017-12-25.
^ "Stephen Hawking Says Earth Is Under Threat And Humans Need To Leave". Newsweek. October 20, 2017.
^ Scharf, Caleb A. "Can Starshot Work?". scientificamerican.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
^ Witze, Alexandra (25 August 2016). "Earth-sized planet around nearby star is astronomy dream come true". Nature. 536 (7617): 381–382. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..381W. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20445. PMID 27558041.
^ "VLT to Search for Planets in Alpha Centauri System - ESO Signs Agreement with Breakthrough Initiatives". www.eso.org. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
^ Lightsail, Integrity under thrust.
^ Lightsail | Stability on the beam.
^ Parkin, Kevin. "Starshot System Model".
^ "Breakthrough Initiatives". breakthroughinitiatives.org. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
^ a b "Breakthrough Starshot: Concept". 12 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
^ a b c d e "A new plan to send spacecraft to the stars: replace rockets with lasers". The Economist. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
^ a b Emspak, Jesse (15 April 2016). "No Breakthrough Yet: Stephen Hawking's Interstellar 'Starshot' Faces Challenges". Space. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Hoang (2017). "The Interaction of Relativistic Spacecrafts with the Interstellar Medium". The Astrophysical Journal. 837 (1): 5. arXiv:1608.05284. Bibcode:2017ApJ...837....5H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa5da6.
^ Timmer, John (24 August 2016). "Just how dangerous is it to travel at 20% the speed of light?". Science. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
^ "Potential Challenges for Starshot". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
^ "Interstellar Dust". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ The Andromeda Study: A Femto-Spacecraft Mission to Alpha Centauri. Andreas M. Hein, Kelvin F. Long, Dan Fries, Nikolaos Perakis, Angelo Genovese, Stefan Zeidler, Martin Langer, Richard Osborne, Rob Swinney, John Davies, Bill Cress, Marc Casson, Adrian Mann, Rachel Armstrong. Initiative for Interstellar Studies. arXiv, 2017.
^ a b c Greene, Kate (13 April 2016). "What Will Make Interstellar Travel a Reality?". Slate. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^ a b c Clery, Daniel (12 April 2016). "Russian billionaire unveils big plan to build tiny interstellar spacecraft". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaf4115. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ a b Stone, Maddie (12 April 2016). "Stephen Hawking and a Russian Billionaire Want to Build an Interstellar Starship". Gizmodo. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ a b c Domonoske, Camila (12 April 2016). "Forget Starships: New Proposal Would Use 'Starchips' To Visit Alpha Centauri". NPR. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ a b c d e Emspak, Jesse (15 April 2016). "No Breakthrough Yet: Stephen Hawking's Interstellar 'Starshot' Faces Challenges". Space.com. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Staff (26 July 2017). "In Quest To Reach Alpha Centauri, BreakThrough Starshot Launches World's Smallest Spacecraft - First Prototype 'Sprites' – Precursors to Eventual 'StarChip' Probes – Achieve Low Earth Orbit". BreakThroughInitiatives.org. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrough Starshot: Potential Challenges". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
^ a b Staff (16 April 2016). "Starship enterprise". The Economist. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrouth Starshot: Gram-Scale Starchip Components - 4 Cameras". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrouth Starshot: Gram-Scale Starchip Components - 4 Processors". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrouth Starshot: Gram-Scale Starchip Components - 4 Photon Thrusters". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Gilster, Paul (21 October 2013). "Laser Travel by Photonic Thruster". Centauri Dreams. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrouth Starshot: Gram-Scale Starchip Components - Battery". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrouth Starshot: Gram-Scale Starchip Components - Protective Coating". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrough Starshot: Lightsail, Integrity under thrust". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^ Staff (12 April 2016). "Breakthrouth Starshot: Gram-Scale Starchip Components - Lightsail - Structure". Breakthrough Initiatives. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
^ Patel, Neel V. (15 April 2016). "The Starshot Breakthrough Light Beam Is Really a Million Lasers, Which Is Insane". Inverse. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
^ Claudius Gros: Developing Ecospheres on Transiently Habitable Planets: The Genesis Project, Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 361, pp 1–14 (2016).
^ Jessica Boddy: Q&A: Should we seed life on alien worlds?, Science, 9. September 2016.
^ James Romero, "Should we seed life through the cosmos using laser-driven ships?", New Scientist, 13 November (2017).
The 100 Year Starship (100YSS) is a joint U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant project to a private entity. The goal of the study is to create a business plan that can foster the research and technology needed for interstellar travel within 100 years.
NASA introduced in December 2017 a mission concept to launch an interstellar probe by the year 2069 to search for biosignatures on planets around the stars in the Alpha Centauri system. The mission concept is as yet not funded, unnamed and the technology to get there does not exist yet.A preliminary mission concept suggests using solar sails propelled by high energy lasers to increase propulsion. The proposed launch would be on the 100th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission.
AIMStar was a proposed antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion craft that uses clouds of antiprotons to initiate fission and fusion within fuel pellets. A magnetic nozzle derives motive force from the resulting explosions. The design was studied during the 1990s by Penn State University. The craft was designed to reach a distance on the order of 10,000 AU from the Sun, with a travel time of 50 years, and a coasting velocity of approximately 960 km/s after the boost phase (roughly 1/300th of the speed of light). The probe would be able to study the interstellar medium as well as reach Alpha Centauri. The project would require more antimatter than we are capable of producing. In addition, some technical hurdles need to be surpassed before it would be feasible.
Abraham "Avi" Loeb (Hebrew: אברהם (אבי) לייב) is an Israeli American theoretical physicist who works on astrophysics and cosmology. Loeb is the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University. He serves as Chair of the Harvard Astronomy department (since 2011), Chair of the Advisory Committee for the Breakthrough Starshot project – which aims to launch lightweight spacecraft towards the nearest stars using a powerful laser (since 2016), founding director of Harvard's Black Hole Initiative – the first interdisciplinary center worldwide dedicated to the study of black holes (since 2016), and director of the Institute for Theory and Computation (ITC) (since 2007) within the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
South-African-Canadian-American billionaire Elon Musk, behind SpaceX and a project to colonize Mars.
American billionaire Jeff Bezos, behind Blue Origin and establishing a true industrial base in space.
American billionaire Paul G. Allen, behind Vulcan Aerospace and reducing the cost to launch payload to orbit.
British billionaire Richard Branson, behind Virgin Galactic/Virgin Orbit; and space tourism, low cost small orbital launchers, and intercontinental suborbital transit.
Russian billionarie Yuri Milner, backing the Breakthrough Starshot project for an interstellar probe.
Breakthrough Prize in Life SciencesThe Breakthrough Prize was founded by Sergey Brin, Anne Wojcicki, Mark Zuckerberg, Priscilla Chan, Yuri Milner, Julia Milner, Jack Ma, and Pony Ma. Committees of previous laureates choose the winners from candidates nominated in a process that's online and open to the public.Laureates receive $3 million each in prize money. They attend a televised award ceremony designed to celebrate their achievements and inspire the next generation of scientists. As part of the ceremony schedule, they also engage in a program of lectures and discussions. Those that go on to make fresh discoveries remain eligible for future Breakthrough Prizes.
Helix is the fifth studio album by the Swedish-Danish heavy metal band Amaranthe. It is also the first album featuring the band's new clean male vocalist Nils Molin (Dynazty), since the departure of the band's former clean male vocalist Jake E.
Interstellar Probe is the name of a 1999 space probe concept by NASA intended to travel out 200 AU in 15 years. This 1999 study by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is noted for its circular 400 meters diameter, solar sail as a propulsion method (1 g/m2) combined with a 0.25 AU flyby of the Sun to achieve higher solar light pressure, after which the sail is jettisoned at 5 AU distance from the Sun.
There are five interstellar probes: Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and New Horizons. As of 2019, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are only probes to have actually reached interstellar space. The other three are on interstellar trajectories.
The termination shock is the point in the heliosphere where the solar wind slows down to subsonic speed. Even though the termination shock happens as close as 80–100 AU, the maximum extent of the region in which the Sun's gravitational field is dominant (the Hill sphere) is thought to be at around 230,000 astronomical units (3.6 light-years). This point is close to the nearest known star system, Alpha Centauri, located 4.36 light years away. Although the probes will be under the influence of the Sun for a long time, their velocities far exceed the Sun's escape velocity, so they will eventually leave forever.
Interstellar space is defined as that which lies beyond a magnetic region that extends about 122 AU from the sun, as detected by Voyager 1, and the equivalent region of influence surrounding other stars. Voyager 1 entered interstellar space in 2012.Interstellar Probe is also the name of a proposed NASA space probe intended to travel out 200 AU in 15 years, studied in 1999.In April 2016, scientists announced Breakthrough Starshot, a Breakthrough Initiatives program, to develop a proof-of-concept fleet of small centimeter-sized light sail spacecraft, named StarChip, capable of making the journey to Alpha Centauri, the nearest extrasolar star system, at speeds of 20% and 15% of the speed of light, taking between 20 and 30 years to reach the star system, respectively, and about 4 years to notify Earth of a successful arrival.
Project Dragonfly is the first conceptual design study that assesses the feasibility of a laser-propelled interstellar probe, conducted by the Initiative for Interstellar Studies. Contrary to past unmanned interstellar mission studies such as Project Daedalus and Project Icarus the focus is particularly on a small spacecraft. The project was founded in 2013 by the Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4is). A subsequent design competition was launched in 2014. The objective was to design a spacecraft that is capable of reaching Alpha Centauri within 100 years using existing or near-term technologies and a beam power below 100 GW. Four teams presented their designs at the final workshop at the British Interplanetary Society in London in July 2015. The teams consisted of students from Cairo University, Cranfield University, the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Paul Sabatier University, Technical University of Munich, and University of California, Santa Barbara. The team of the Technical University of Munich won the competition. The design of the University of California, San Diego has subsequently evolved into the design for Breakthrough Starshot of the Breakthrough Initiatives. Results of the competition have subsequently been published in peer-reviewed journals. The competition has been accompanied by a Kickstarter campaign that was supported by notable space artists such as David A. Hardy.
Proxima Centauri b (also called Proxima b or Alpha Centauri Cb) is an exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to the Sun and part of a triple star system. It is located about 4.2 light-years (1.3 parsecs, 40 trillion km, or 25 trillion miles) from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus, making it the closest known exoplanet to the Solar System.
Proxima Centauri b orbits the star at a distance of roughly 0.05 AU (7,500,000 km; 4,600,000 mi) with an orbital period of approximately 11.2 Earth days, and has an estimated mass of at least 1.3 times that of the Earth. Its habitability has not been established, though it is unlikely to be habitable since the planet is subject to stellar wind pressures of more than 2,000 times those experienced by Earth from the solar wind.The discovery of the planet was announced in August 2016 by the European Southern Observatory. The planet was found using the radial velocity method, where periodic Doppler shifts of spectral lines of the host star suggest an orbiting object. From these readings, the radial velocity of the parent star relative to the Earth is varying with an amplitude of about 1.4 metres (4.5 feet) per second. According to Guillem Anglada‐Escudé, its proximity to Earth offers an opportunity for robotic exploration of the planet with the Starshot project or, at least, "in the coming centuries".Without the inclination of its orbit known, the exact mass of Proxima Centauri b is unknown. If its orbit is nearly edge-on, it would have a mass of 1.27+0.19−0.17 Earth masses. Statistically, there is a roughly 90% chance that the planet's mass is less than 8.1+1.2−1.0 Earth masses.
Solar sails (also called light sails or photon sails) are a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight on large mirrors. A useful analogy may be a sailing boat; the light exerting a force on the mirrors is akin to a sail being blown by the wind. High-energy laser beams could be used as an alternative light source to exert much greater force than would be possible using sunlight, a concept known as beam sailing.
Solar sails use a phenomenon that has a proven, measured effect on spacecraft. Solar pressure affects all spacecraft, whether in interplanetary space or in orbit around a planet or small body. A typical spacecraft going to Mars, for example, will be displaced thousands of kilometers by solar pressure, so the effects must be accounted for in trajectory planning, which has been done since the time of the earliest interplanetary spacecraft of the 1960s. Solar pressure also affects the orientation of a craft, a factor that must be included in spacecraft design.The total force exerted on an 800 by 800 meter solar sail, for example, is about 5 newtons (1.1 lbf) at Earth's distance from the Sun, making it a low-thrust propulsion system, similar to spacecraft propelled by electric engines, but as it uses no propellant, that force is exerted almost constantly and the collective effect over time is great enough to be considered a potential manner of propelling spacecraft.
While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries.Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War. The early era of space exploration was driven by a "Space Race" between the Soviet Union and the United States. The launch of the first human-made object to orbit Earth, the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 mission on 20 July 1969 are often taken as landmarks for this initial period. The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station (Salyut 1) in 1971.
After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program, and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS).
With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the U.S. remain in flux. Constellation, a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009.
The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO, such as Earth–Moon L1, the Moon, Earth–Sun L2, near-Earth asteroids, and Phobos or Mars orbit.In the 2000s, the People's Republic of China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program, while the European Union, Japan, and India have also planned future crewed space missions. China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated crewed missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 20th and 21st century.
Project Starlight is a research project of the University of California, Santa Barbara to develop a fleet of laser beam-propelled spacecraft and sending them to a star neighboring the Solar System, potentially Alpha Centauri. The project aims to send organisms on board the spacecraft.
The term is mostly found in science fiction, because such craft is not known to have ever been constructed. Reference to a "star-ship" appears as early as 1882 in Oahspe: A New Bible (1882).Whilst the Voyager and Pioneer probes have travelled into local interstellar space, the purpose of these uncrewed craft was specifically interplanetary and they are not predicted to reach another star system (although Voyager 1 will travel to within 1.7 light years of Gliese 445 in approximately 40,000 years.) Several preliminary designs for starships have been undertaken through exploratory engineering, using feasibility studies with modern technology or technology thought likely to be available in the near future.
Yuri Borisovich (Bentsionovich) Milner (Russian: Ю́рий Бори́сович Бенцио́нович Ми́льнер; born 11 November 1961) is an Israeli-Russian entrepreneur, venture capitalist and physicist. Milner is Russia's most influential tech investor as the founder of investment firms Digital Sky Technologies (DST) now called Mail.ru Group and DST Global. Through DST Global, Milner is an investor in Facebook, Zynga, Twitter, Flipkart, Spotify, Zocdoc, Groupon, JD.com, Xiaomi, OlaCabs, Alibaba, Airbnb, WhatsApp, Nubank, Wish and many others.
Milner's personal investments also include a stake in 23andMe, Habito, Planet Labs, minority stake in a real estate investments start-up, Cadre, founded by Jared Kushner, and others.
In September 2017 Forbes included Milner to the list of 100 greatest living business minds. Milner was named one of the World's Greatest Leaders by Fortune magazine in March 2017, was listed in the "Titans" category of Time magazine's 2016 Time 100. Foreign Policy magazine included Milner on its "Power List" – an inaugural list of the 500 most powerful people on the planet in May 2013. Milner was included in Bloomberg Markets' 2012 50 Most Influential list. In Fortune's 2010 list of the world's fifty most prominent businessmen, Milner was ranked 46th. That same year Russian business magazine Vedomosti recognized him as "Businessman of the Year".


Drones come in all shapes, sizes, models, and price points, and finding the perfect drone for your intended use can sometimes feel like a daunting task. Whether you are looking for a drone to practice your piloting skills on or a drone that is capable of capturing cinema-quality footage, knowing the intended use of your drone is an essential part of narrowing down the search and finding the perfect drone to fit your needs.
Below is a list of our recommendations when it comes to finding the drone to best fit your intended use. Whether you are a professional aerial photographer or a hobbyist ready to take to the skies.
If you're a recreational user who is always on the go, the recently released DJI Mavic Pro is the perfect drone to accompany you on your next aerial adventure. As the most portable drone released by DJI to date, the Mavic Pro features a revolutionary foldable design, enabling it to fold down to roughly the size of a water bottle and fit comfortably in the palm of your hand.
The Mavic features the same camera specs as the DJI Phantom 4, capable of shooting 4K 1080p video and 12-megapixel stills. The camera is supported by a 3-Axis gimbal to ensure that footage is smooth and steady in the air. Avoiding any potential crashes is also made easier thanks to the Mavic's innovative obstacle avoidance system, featuring both front and bottom facing sensors. The Mavic Pro additionally features a flight range longer than the Phantom 4, with a range of 7 km, and a battery life of approximately 28 minutes.
The drone itself is extremely easy to use and features a remote controller that can accommodate any sized Smartphone or iPhone. The remote additionally features a 5.5 inch LCD built-in screen, as well as dedicated buttons for flight modes such as Return-to-Home, and a pause/play button.
The Mavic's compact size, new intelligent flight features, long range, innovative obstacle avoidance system, and high-quality camera, make the Mavic a powerful drone in a small package that is perfect for any hobbyist.
The DJI Phantom 4 is popularly dubbed the drone that anyone can pick up and fly. The drone features a simple, clean design to go along with its simple controls that make it extremely effortless to fly.
The Phantom 4 was the first entry-level drone released by DJI that featured an obstacle avoidance system with front and bottom facing sensors to enable the drone to automatically stop and avoid obstacles in its path. The Phantom 4's Visual Positioning System (VPS) is also greatly enhanced with built-in, bigger sensors and two additional cameras for overall better depth perception.
The body of the Phantom 4 is made with high-quality magnesium that reduces vibrations in flight and moves the drones weight to its centre of gravity for additional stability. Its gimbal also features a U-Frame design to keep footage steady and balanced for extremely smooth video and still photos. The Phantom 4 is additionally equipped with an extremely powerful 4K 12-megapixel camera that can easily capture stunning aerial footage.
For any hobbyist, the Phantom 4 is the best drone out there in its price range. It's powerful, user-friendly system packed with new features makes it the perfect choice for anyone looking for a reliable, and easy-to-use system that is capable of capturing stunning footage from the skies.
The recently released Phantom 4 Pro is the latest drone in the extremely popular DJI Phantom series that features brand new upgrades and a state of the art 360 obstacle avoidance system.
When it comes to the Phantom 4 Pro, the camera is where the drone really shines. The Pro is equipped with a 1-inch CMOS sensor capable of shooting 20-megapixel still with up to 11.6 stops of dynamic range. The camera can even shoot 14 photos per second in burst mode as well as capture slow motion video at 60 frames per second. The Phantom 4 Pro's 20 megapixel camera and 24 mm focal length ensure any footage captured is of extremely high image quality. The upgraded 360 obstacle avoidance system also ensures that the drone can avoid obstacles coming in at any direction, keeping pilots safe in the skies.
DJI also released the DJI Phantom 4 Pro+, which features a remote controller with a built-in 5.5 inch touch display that is brighter than any other Smartphone, iPhone, Tablet or iPad . The brighter screen enables drone pilots to view their display in direct sunlight without using up the battery power of their own personal device.
Overall, the Phantom 4 Pro is a huge step forward in the area of drone photography and will provide any professional photographer with a state of the art camera that can capture stunning images from a brand new perspective.
With the DJI Matrice 600, any professional filmmaker will be able to capture movie-quality footage worthy of the big screen. Able to lift up to 15 kilos in the air and be customized to fit the operator's exact needs, the Matrice 600 gives pilots the freedom to build a drone that fits their exact qualifications. The M600 is able to be equipped with any camera or accessory to allow pilots to capture the exact shot they envision.
Designed with an aluminum body, retractable landing gear, and folding carbon fibre arms, the M600 is extremely durable and stable in the air to ensure camera footage is stabilized and smooth. Six propellors and motors also provide additional safety in the air. If one or two motors fail while in flight, the drone will automatically recover and safely land.
The M600 is compatible with the entire line of DJI Zenmuse cameras and gimbals and can fly for around 35 minutes with the Zenmuse X5 or Xt, and up to 16 minutes with a heavier camera like the RED EPIC.
Paired with the Ronin-MX, the Matrice 600 can provide filmmakers with extremely stable, smooth footage from the air while being able to rotate a full 360 degrees. The Ronin-MX can also be connected to the M600's GPS and Lightbridge 2 system and be equipped with almost any camera.
Overall the Matrice 600 is a powerful system in the hands of a professional filmmaker, that can enable users to capture professional-grade footage for any Hollywood-level production.
The recently released DJI Inspire 2 was specifically designed with professional filmmakers and photographers in mind. Able to shoot 5.2K video at a 4.2 Gbps bitrate, and fly up to 90 km per hour, the Inspire 2 is a definite force to be reckon with.
Consumers can buy the Inspire 2 with either the Zenmuse X4S or the X5S camera. Additionally, there is a DNG RAW mode for photographers, that can capture 30-megapixel stills. The remote also features a new dual-band Lightbridge HD video transmission system that has a maximum transmission distance of 7km.
A stand-out feature of the Inspire 2 is its two camera, dual operator system, allowing one person to pilot the drone while the other captures and controls the footage being shot. The Inspire 2 also features a dual battery systems that extends flight time to 27 minutes with the X4S camera, while self-heating technology give the drone the ability to fly in low temperatures.
Overall, the Inspire 2 is poised to be the new go-to drone for all professional aerial filmmaker enthusiasts. Its stand-out camera specs and powerful system make it the perfect choice for any operator looking to create their next big motion picture project.
The DJI Matrice 100 is one of the most customizable drones on the market today, making it a great choice for any type of industrial application including mining, construction, agriculture or search and rescue. Made of lightweight carbon fibre, the Matrice 100 is able to stay extremely steady in the air and is equipped with dual batteries to give operators approximately 40 minutes of flight time.
The obstacle avoidance system named Guidance gives the M100 the ability to avoid any obstacles in its path in all directions at a range of up to 65 feet. The system can even scan its environment in real-time to provide accuracy within one centimetre.
The Matrice 100 is the perfect drone for inspections because of its unique ability ot be customized and programmed for any task. The M100 features expansion bays that allow operators to create the drone that matches their exact specifications. Any accessories can be added to the drone including sensors, cameras (including the DJI X3, X5, XT, and X5R,) or computing boards. With DJI SDK users can develop customized programs and apps to fit their exact needs, while the Matrice 100 as a system is fully expandable and designed with a wide range of power and data ports.
For any developer, researcher, or surveyor. the Matrice is a powerful, customizable system that will give any pilot the ability to carry out any job they need at half the price of any other aerial alternative.
When purchasing your first drone, a new flyer will want to buy something that isn't too pricey but also doesn't sacrifice quality. That is why the DJI Phantom 3 Standard is the perfect choice for someone just beginning to get the handle on piloting a drone.
The Phantom 3 Standard is simple to learn on and still includes a wide array of intelligent features. The Standard provides users with a 2.7K 720p real-time HD view. Even though the drone only has 2.7k video, the camera is still of high quality and perfect for someone just starting out. Additionally, with approximately 25 minutes of flight time, beginners will have a good amount of time to practice their flying.
For beginners, a big advantage of the Phantom 3 Standard is its built-in flight simulator in the DJI Go App, which can help users learn how to operate the drone and controls. The app is easy to use and gives new pilots a chance to practice flying there drone without the risk.
For any operator at the beginning of their drone journey, the Phantom 3 Standard is a great training drone that is easy to pick up and fly. With a well-rounded system and a fair price point, the Phantom 3 Standard is the perfect drone for anyone getting ready for take-off.
Looking for the perfect drone to match your needs can no doubt be an overwhelming process. As drone technology continues to rapidly advance the selection of drones to choose from will only grow, but with proper research the hunt can be easily narrowed. With our recommendations we hope users will have the best flying experience possible, whether they are shooting aerials for the next Hollywood blockbuster or just beginning to test their piloting skills.


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Ford Plans $145 Million Upgrade To Its Engine Plant In Cleveland, Ohio
First Person: A California Pioneer Brings Source Manufacturing Jobs Back to Ohio
Frontline: Light Manufacturers Create a Unique Supply Chain in Central Ohio
Implications of Additive Manufacturing for the Auto Industry
Ohio's Economy Emerges from Recession While Building a Pro-Business Reputation
The Case for Supplier Parks in the Automotive Supply Chain
Ford is investing $145 million to upgrade its engine plant in Cleveland, Ohio. Ford will be creating or retaining 150 jobs to support strong demand for an all-new second-generation 3.5-liter EcoBoost engine family for the 2017 Ford F-150 lineup.
Cleveland Engine Plant produces the current version of the 3.5-liter EcoBoost engine, which powers 2016 Ford F-150, Explorer, Expedition, Transit, Flex and Taurus. According to the automaker, the investment in second-generation EcoBoost engine technology is part of the $9 billion commitment the company made in the 2015 Ford-UAW collective bargaining agreement to invest in its U.S. plants. Ford, which has 80,000 U.S. employees, is committed to creating or securing 8,500 hourly jobs in communities across Michigan, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, New York and Ohio over the next four years. Since 2011, Ford has invested more than $10.2 billion in its plants across the United States.
"Ford customers have embraced EcoBoost's unbeatable combination of power and efficiency, with more than 60 percent of F-150 customers choosing trucks powered by EcoBoost," said Joe Hinrichs, Ford president, The Americas. "This second-generation 3.5-liter EcoBoost engine is another great example of Ford continuously improving and innovating to give these hardworking customers the best engines and trucks we can."
"This is very exciting news for the hardworking men and women of Cleveland Engine Plant and the Ohio community as a whole," said Jimmy Settles, UAW Vice President, National Ford Department. "The team at Cleveland Engine is thrilled to begin building one of the most technologically advanced engines ever designed for the all-new F-150 Raptor."
Cleveland Engine Plant opened in 1951 and employs more than 1,500 people. It has produced more than 1 million EcoBoost engines since 2009. Along with the current 3.5-liter EcoBoost for F-150, the plant builds the 2.0-liter EcoBoost for Edge, the 2.3-liter EcoBoost for Explorer, Mustang and Lincoln MKC, as well as the 3.7-liter V6 rear-wheel-drive application for Mustang.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Influences of immunocontraception on time budgets, social behavior, and body condition in feral horses
Managers concerned with shrinking habitats and limited resources for wildlife seek effective tools for limiting population growth in some species. Fertility control is one such tool, yet little is known about its impacts on the behavioral ecology of wild, free-roaming animals. We investigated influences of the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on individual and social behavior in ba
Application of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Missouri Streams
Natural flow regime concepts and theories have established the justification for maintaining or restoring the range of natural hydrologic variability so that physiochemical processes, native biodiversity, and the evolutionary potential of aquatic and riparian assemblages can be sustained. A synthesis of recent research advances in hydroecology, coupled with stream classification using hydroecologi
Ecosystems, Fort Collins Science Center
Quantifying Equid Behavior - A Research Ethogram for Free-Roaming Feral Horses
Feral horses (Equus caballus) are globally distributed in free-roaming populations on all continents except Antarctica and occupy a wide range of habitats including forest, grassland, desert, and montane environments. The largest populations occur in Australia and North America and have been the subject of scientific study for decades, yet guidelines and ethograms for feral horse behavioral resear
Water Resources, Ecosystems, Fort Collins Science Center
Habitat Suitability Index Models: Ruffed grouse
A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation
User manual for Blossom statistical package for R
Blossom is an R package with functions for making statistical comparisons with distance-function based permutation tests developed by P.W. Mielke, Jr. and colleagues at Colorado State University (Mielke and Berry, 2001) and for testing parameters estimated in linear models with permutation procedures developed by B. S. Cade and colleagues at the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey.
The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future. Proceedings of a National Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 6-9, 2004
In June 2004 the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm Service Agency (FSA), with support from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), held a three-day symposium on the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in Fort Collins, Colorado. These proceedings contain papers by most of those who made presentations at the symposium, but some were unable to provide written papers. This shortcoming has been addressed
Isolation of Snake River islands and mammalian predation of waterfowl nests
In 1990–1992, we studied predation of waterfowl nests by mammalian predators on 30 islands in a 64-km reach of the Snake River in southwestern Idaho, USA, to identify river flows necessary to protect and enhance migratory bird use of Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge. We monitored 235–314 Canada goose (Branta canadensis) nests each year and 122 duck nests, primarily mallard (Anas platyrhynchos),
Evaluation of a habitat suitability index model
We assisted with development of a model for maternity habitat of the Indiana bat (Myotis soda/is), for use in conducting assessments of projects potentially impacting this endangered species. We started with an existing model, modified that model in a workshop, and evaluated the revised model, using data previously collected by others. Our analyses showed that higher indices of habitat suitability
Establishment, growth, and early survival of woody riparian species at a Colorado gravel pit
Presence of a wetted edge during the period of seedfall was an effective predictor of suitable establishment (defined as germination and survival to the 1st autumn) locations for Populas deltoides subsp. monilifera, Salix amygdaloides, S. exigua, and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings during 3 successive years of a gravel pit revegetation project in Fort Collins, Colorado. At locations predicted to be
Effects of emergency haying on vegetative characteristics within selected Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Northern Great Plains
Successional changes in vegetation composition within seeded grasslands may effect attainment of long term conservaation objectives. Comparisons between vegetation composition within Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields planted to cool season, introduced grasses hayed for emergency we, and non hayed fields of the same age and species composition were completed to determine potential effects o
User manual for Blossom Statistical Software
Blossom is an interactive program for making statistical comparisons with distance-function based permutation tests developed by P. W. Mielke, Jr. and colleagues at Colorado State University (Mielke and Berry 2001) and for testing parameters estimated in linear models with permutation procedures developed by B. S. Cade and colleagues at the Fort Collins Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey (kno


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Emergency Mobile Alerts (EMA) is an alerting network in New Zealand designed to disseminate emergency alerts to mobile devices. Emergency Mobile Alerts are messages about emergencies sent by New Zealand authorised emergency agencies to capable mobile phones. The alerts are sent to participating wireless providers who will distribute the alerts to their customers with compatible devices via Cell Broadcast, a technology best suitable for public warning as it simultaneously delivers messages to all phones using a Mobile Cell tower. Similar solutions are implemented in the United States (Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)), The Netherlands (NL-Alert), European Union (EU-Alert), Canada, Japan, Taiwan, Chile, Philippines.
One2many B.V. provides this modern Emergency Mobile Alert system including the Cell Broadcast systems and the CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) based centralised Public Warning management system.

Adoption Rate
Emergency Mobile Alerts has been used in New Zealand since November 2017, and every year a test message is sent which is broadcast throughout New Zealand. The reach of the Control Cell Broadcast message among New Zealanders who have access to a mobile phone has increased since the first test message resulting that on 24 November 2019 8 out of 10 mobile handsets (79%) received a test emergency alert message sent out by Civil Defence and a further eight (8%) percent didn't personally receive the alert but were near someone who did reaching in the end 87% of the New Zealand population.

26 November 2017 - 58% of NZ population with access to mobile phone either received the nationwide test alert or was near someone who did receive the Cell Broadcast message
25 November 2018 - 79% of NZ population with access to mobile phone either received the nationwide test alert or was near someone who did receive the Cell Broadcast message
24 November 2019 - 87% of NZ population with access to mobile phone either received the nationwide test alert or was near someone who did receive the Cell Broadcast message

National Public Warning System implementations
Many countries have implemented location-based alert systems based on Cell Broadcast. The alert messages to the population, already broadcast by various media, are relayed over the mobile network using Cell Broadcast.

Japan - J-Alert
Canada - Alert Ready
United States - Wireless Emergency Alerts
European Union - EU-Alert
Netherlands - NL-Alert
Greece - GR-Alert
Italy - IT-Alert
Lithuania - LT-Alert
Romania - RO-Alert
South Korea - Korean Public Alert Service
Taiwan - Public Warning System
Sri Lanka - Disaster and Emergency Warning Network (DREWN)
Philippines  - Emergency Cell Broadcast System (ECBS)
Chile - LAT-Alert
Peru - SISMATE
United Arab Emirates - UAE-Alert
Saudi Arabia - SAUDI-Alert
Oman - OMAN-Alert

Notable uses

22 October 2019 - New Zealand International Convention Centre fire, Auckland.
25 March 2020 - Announcement of impending move to COVID-19 Alert Level 4, nationwide.
29 and 31 January 2023 - 2023 North Island floods, Auckland.
14 February 2023 - Evacuation notice due to Cyclone Gabrielle, Muriwai

References

External links
 (National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA))
 Emergency Mobile Alert Video Commercial
List of Cell Broadcast capable cell phones with instructions to enable EMA

Emergency services in New Zealand
Emergency population warning systems

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home/Sports/Pep Guardiola hints at extending Manchester City stay beyond 2021
Pep Guardiola hints at extending Manchester City stay beyond 2021
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Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola is "open" to the idea of a new contract with the Premier League champions.
The 48-year-old Spaniard was appointed in 2016 and signed a contract extension last year until 2021.
No talks have yet been held with City chiefs, but Guardiola said: "I'm so comfortable working with this club.
"When you are [somewhere for] five years it depends on the results. We will see what happens this season and next season."
Guardiola spent four years in charge at Barcelona, winning La Liga three times and the Champions League twice.
He left the Catalan giants in the summer of 2012 and after a short sabbatical began a three-year spell at Bayern Munich in 2013, winning the Bundesliga in each of his three seasons in Germany.
Having won the Premier League for the past two seasons, plus the FA Cup and two League Cups, Guardiola said of staying on: "I'm open [to it], yes. It is not about what the club wants or not. For me, I want to see my players and the reaction of my players and everything.
"It is not as simple as I want to extend. I want to see the club, I want to see the players, I want to see how we are still working together.
"That is the most important thing after five years together. You have to feel like we can do it together and enjoy to work together."
Meanwhile, Guardiola said he would not object to assistant Mikel Arteta taking the Arsenal manager's job should the Gunners decide to turn to their former player to succeed Unai Emery, who was dismissed on Friday morning.
Another ex-Arsenal midfielder, Freddie Ljungberg, has been placed in temporary charge but Spaniard Arteta, 37, who ended his career in north London with a five-year spell at the club, has been touted for the permanent position.
Arteta, who was linked with replacing Arsene Wenger at the Emirates in 2018 before Emery was appointed, joined the City coaching staff in July 2016 after retiring as a player.
He has also been mentioned in regard to another of his former clubs, Everton, with their manager Marco Silva's future under scrutiny.
"I said many times with my players, staff, they're free to do what they want to do," Guardiola said.
"With Mikel it's about being a friend. I want the best for him. What I want is we stay together this season and next season, but I don't know what's the best for him."
source: international-journal.com/
Guardiola Manchester City Premier League champions
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Man Utd charged by FA for player conduct at Anfield during Liverpool defeat
Marcus Rashford injury means no Man Utd fear factor
Grayson Murray grabs share of lead in California, Fowler one back
Manchester United still reign supreme over English clubs with £627m earnings and are bettered only by Real Madrid and Barcelona
NHS England faces £4.3BILLION legal bill to settle negligence disputes as 10,000 new compensation claims are made every year
Social media mocks awkward Prince Harry & BoJo summit pic
Rebekah and Jamie Vardy introduc baby daughter
Trudeau: 'Lots of discussions' left on who will cover Meghan and Harry's security costs in Canada


28 Construction Kits are included. Each construction kit includes a demo mix and all the elements of the kit broken out as well as a subfolder "hits" from that kit. Also included are the multi-track drums (drum tracks) allowing for custom mixing of the drum loops.
Suite Grooves 2 includes over 2.46 GB of content with 706 different kontakt patches.
Demo Patch - There is a Demo Patch which provides the user with all of the demos from each of the song kits in one instrument. Demos are mapped starting at C0 on the keyboard.
Sliced Loops - Each loop from the product has been given it's own patch and can be edited extensively using the "loop fx" interface. The full loop can be triggered at C0. The loop can be played backward at D0. Individual slices start at C1 on the keyboard.
One-Shots - Drum hits from each kit have been given their own patch as well as a few drum menu patches created from an additional set of drum hits included in Suite Grooves 2.
The Following End User License Agreement is included with Suite Grooves 2. This License is only valid for the individual who has purchased an unopened, new and lawfully made copy of Suite Grooves 2 from a dealer or distributor authorized by Big Fish Audio.
So what is Suite Grooves 2? It's basically a large collection of smooth jazy, funk, and rnb style instrumentals and riffs. Lots of live horns, keys, bass, drums, and percussion...to help you capture that real smooth jazz sound.


Recognize your truth is not necessarily everyone else's truth. Be aware of the way you filter facts. Temper your truth with tact. Be congruent. Follow through. Create connection by valuing your and the other's interest as equal. Be trustworthy, and trouble free.


If you want a practical way to include lots of information on one sign then ladder signs are the answer.
These signs consist of horizontal slats layered one above the other in a laddered effect, all secured on one easy to read sign.
Ladder signs are often made out of wood so they look natural in rural areas. They can be a great way to point people in different directions, from one main focal point.
These ladder signs look particularly good in rural locations, as they are often designed to look decorative. They are finished with preservative to ensure that they last for years in sometimes harsh weather environments.
Slats can be made in various lengths and widths to accommodate different amounts of information. These slats can be permanently fixed to their posts or be made to be interchangeable.
Fitzpatrick Woolmer offer bespoke ladder signs to suit specific requirements. Because these signs are so versatile they can be made to the exact width and height required, containing the exact amount of laddered slats as needed.


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Home » Entertainment » Real Housewives of Salt Lake City star Jen Shah sentenced to 6.5 years in prison
Real Housewives of Salt Lake City star Jen Shah sentenced to 6.5 years in prison
Jen Shah has been sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison.
The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City star pleaded guilty to fraud and money laundering charges last July, following allegations that she had been running a US-wide fraud scheme with her former assistant. Stuart Smith, since 2012.
The US government recently recommended that she should get 10 years behind bars for the crimes.
Earlier today, a judge confirmed her 78-month sentence.
'My intention is to impose a sentence of 78 months of incarceration and other conditions,' Judge Stein said via Inner City press.
According to NBC, the Judge also said that 'thousands of elderly people' suffered 'financial and emotional devastation', due to the alleged crimes, as their lives were 'turned upside down'.
'I don't know if she appreciates the harm she has caused, I hope she has, I heard the words,' they continued. 'Those people have no way of being made full again … If they are financially, they won't be emotionally.'
Addressing Shah directly after the sentencing, Judge Stein reportedly added: 'I do wish you luck. I know you can put this behind you and when you get out you can rebuild your life.'
She has been ordered to surrender to prison on February 17, and will also serve an additional five years of supervised release.
It was alleged that Shah and Smith had sold services such as website designs that claimed to make the management of victims' businesses more profitable or efficient, according to prosecutors.
As well as this, they were accused of offering to sell on the personal information of victims to other members in a 'fraud ring', with many of those targeted being over 55.
In shocking scenes that aired on season two of the Bravo program, the Housewife suddenly left filming ahead of a cast trip, moments before detectives came on the scene.
Footage then emerged of agents arriving at her home, hoping to get to the bottom of the drama.
Smith pleaded guilty to the charges against him. Last July, Shah changed her plea to guilty after being charged with one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud in connection with telemarketing.
She is thought to have agreed to forfeit $6.5million and to pay up to $9.5million in restitution.
Following the move, her future on RHOSLC was left in doubt and she later confirmed that she would not be taking part in the reunion.
Taking to Instagram, she shared a statement which read: 'On September 14, 2022, I was informed by Bravo executives that I was not invited to attend the season 3 reunion.
'I was disappointed because I would have no venue to confront inaccuracies and address my storyline with cast members.
'Out of nowhere, on November 29, two and a half weeks ago, I was invited to attend. I was elated to learn I would now have a voice at reunion.
'I was clear with Bravo that out of respect for the courts and a standing judicial order, I would not be in a position to discuss anything related to my legal case or sentencing. Bravo found this unsatisfactory and said they expected to discuss this "storyline".'
She added: 'That expectation has no regard for me or my family's wellbeing; so under legal advice, I will not be attending reunion.
'I need to focus on the most important thing in my life – my family [sic].'
If you've got a celebrity story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk entertainment team by emailing us [email protected], calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page – we'd love to hear from you.
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A DRIVING instructor who was involved in a collision on the A47 says he is to campaign to have the lights on the road switched back on.
Ian Bowden, 34, from Coventry was left shaken and distraught after he was involved in a collision while driving home from a friend's house on Wednesday April 3.
"I was talking to my three children, who were in the car, about stopping off at McDonald's," he said.
"I had just dipped my lights as I was approaching a slight hill.
"The light went from light to dark which made it difficult to see.
"Then I clocked a man but he was already crossing the road.
"One minute he wasn't there and the next he was.
"As soon as I saw him I slammed on the brakes and swerved as much as I could.
The incident happened at 9.05pm on Normandy Way, heading towards the Dodwells roundabout, close to the back of the Hinckley United Football ground.
Ian said he was travelling at the legal speed limit and that the man who was crossing the road was wearing dark clothes.
A Leicestershire Police spokesperson said: "We were called to an incident on Normandy Way, on Wednesday April 3, which involved a car and a pedestrian.
"The road was closed and the man was taken to Leicester Royal Infirmary with non-life threatening injuries.
Ian added: "While I was at the side of the road, waiting for an ambulance, I was scared for my own safety.
"Cars were whizzing past so I used my phone screen as a light so people could see us.
"This isn't a country lane, it isn't in the middle of nowhere. The road is busy and people are crossing it so needs to be lit.
"I can't believe the council would put people's lives at risk, just to save a couple of quid a year.
Leicestershire County Council made the decision to switch off the streetlights to save money on energy bills.
In January the scheme saw 20,000 lamps in 97 towns and villages switched off between midnight and 5.30am since June 2010, and council chiefs reported savings of over half a million pounds.
Ian added: "I won't stop until they are all switched on.
"My wife and a man have both been injured all to save a bit of money.


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Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics
Since the late 1930s, the University of Notre Dame has supported an active research program in the fields of low and medium energy experimental nuclear physics. This rich history continues today within the Nuclear Science Laboratory of ISNAP, which is located in Nieuwland Science Hall on the campus of Notre Dame.
The Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics (ISNAP) operates the Nuclear Science Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame. The laboratory is built around two elecotrostatic accelerators (Sta. Ana and FN) and has a broad program in low energy nuclear physics. These two accelerators offer a wide range of beam energies providing ideal conditions for nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics experiments. The FN Tandem accelerator operates with a Pelletron charging system at terminal voltages as high as 10.6 MV. The Sta. Ana accelerator provides high beam intensities with terminal voltages of up to 5 MV. We have the capability of producing both stable and unstable beams of various types for research interests including Nuclear Structure, Nuclear Reactions with Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs), and Nuclear Astrophysics. The laboratory has a large number of national and international user groups including US National Laboratories.
In addition to our basic science interests, we have interdisciplinary programs involving bio-mechanics, materials analysis and radiation chemistry. In collaboration with faculty from Notre Dame's Department of Anthropology, PIXE is used to test archeological samples. We also pursue research with industry, such as the testing of new detectors as well as studies of artificial joint components to measure durability. Our radiation chemistry program revolves around studies of the effects of ionizing radiation on the molecular decomposition of water and various organic materials, including polymers. The practical aspect of this type of work has direct applications to the management of nuclear reactors, and the treatment or storage of radio-active waste media. This work is carried out by the Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory which is funded by the Department of Energy and is an historic outgrowth of the Manhattan project.
For New Members
Institute for Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics Notre Dame, IN 46556


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The Trump Administration Deleted Its Webpage Promoting Trump's Private Club
The page came under fire for using government resources to raise the profile of the president's private Mar-a-Lago club in Florida.
By John Hudson
John Hudson BuzzFeed News Reporter
Posted on April 24, 2017, at 6:50 p.m. ET
Yuri Gripas / Reuters
WASHINGTON — The Trump administration deleted the contents of a State Department webpage promoting Donald Trump's private club in Florida on Monday after it drew a wave of criticism from ethics and legal experts for using federal resources to boost the president's bottom line.
The article was replaced with a statement that says "the intention of the article was to inform the public about where the President has been hosting world leaders. We regret any misperception and have removed the post."
The page on the department-run ShareAmerica website, published on April 4, wrote gushingly of Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort as a kind of national treasure.
"By visiting this 'winter White House,' Trump is belatedly fulfilling the dream of Mar-a-Lago's original owner and designer," the page said.
Links to the page were shared on the social media accounts of several US embassies abroad, with some going so far as to repost condensed versions on their own webpages, potentially boosting membership or visits to the resort.
Here's an image of the original page:
Here's what the page looks like now:
Several US embassy websites also hosted the article. Here's one from the US mission in Britain:
That page now looks like this:
The incident was not the first time the Trump administration has come under fire for using public office to promote the private business of the president or his family, including the White House rebuking senior adviser Kellyanne Conway for telling television viewers to buy Ivanka Trump's branded merchandise. But the State Department's history of the Palm Beach resort may have been the most blatant.
Trump has visited the resort seven times since taking office. His reception of foreign leaders and national dignitaries to the property has virtually guaranteed that the club's restaurant surges with customers whenever he's in town. Following the election, the resort's membership initiation fee doubled to $200,000.
Some ethics experts said the State Department likely took the article down because it ran afoul of a federal regulation known as 5 CFR 2635.702. Norm Eisen, the Obama administration's former ethics czar, said that regulation prohibits the State Department from "using official channels to promote a private business," he told BuzzFeed News.
The Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), an often neglected division of the department that routinely experiences low morale issues and little attention from senior diplomats, was responsible for the post. In 2013, an Inspector General report criticized the bureau for spending $630,000 on Facebook "likes" in a campaign viewed as ineffective and wasteful.
"A new low for IIP," a former official who worked in the bureau told BuzzFeed News. "I'm so glad to not be part of that but also terribly curious about what it's like there."
John Hudson is a foreign affairs reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in Washington, DC.
Contact John Hudson at john.hudson@buzzfeed.com.


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Karnataka (Govt.) Polytechnic also known as K.P.T., is a polytechnic university in Mangalore, Karnataka state, India.

History
It was established in 1946 in a rented building in Pandeshwar under the Government of Madras State. Since 1954, Polytechnic has started functioning at its present campus in Kadri Hills, Mangalore. There were four main three-year diploma programmes in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and automobile engineering at the time of starting. Later, the current courses were supplemented with the diploma programmes in Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Electronics and Communication, and Computer Science. The polytechnic's campus spans 19 acres in total. The institute benefits the public by providing engineering education.
This Polytechnic College is one of the oldest technical colleges in this region. Institute are running 3-year of eight Diploma courses.

Diploma Courses
 Computer science and Engineering
 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Automobile Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Chemical Engineering
 Polymer Technology

Admission
Admission on the institute is based on SSLC result. is established by Department of Technical Education Karnataka, in the month of May–June every Year.

CCTEK
CCTEK provide a training for interested external peoples in,
Computer Training programme
Technical Training
Other Trainings (Karate, Fine arts, Driving classes 2/4 Men/Ladies)
Special Training for ladies (Fashion designing, Garment making, Cutting and stitching, Machine embroi3, Craft training, Herbal beautician)

References

Universities and colleges in Mangalore
Educational institutions established in 1946
1946 establishments in India
Technical universities and colleges in Karnataka


After going 51.77 to smash the 100 free WR in her 4×100 free relay lead off leg, Sarah Sjöström was the clear favorite for the individual 100. But, just as we saw happen to Cate Campbell in the Rio final, Simone Manuel closed like a freight train, and the Swede, who had taken the race out too fast, couldn't bring it home quick enough.
Still, Sjöström walks away with three individual gold medals, and now holds four individual World records.
Sjöström broke her 2nd world record last night during the 50 free semifinals, where she popped a 23.67 to erase Britta Steffen's 2009 WR. Her 23.69 tonight was just off of that mark, though she looked to have a wacky finish, and could've potentially been faster with a stronger finish to the race.
Her finish looked like kromowidjojo's finish in London. But I don't know technique well enough to understand why it's bad to finish like that.
She should feel discomfort. Unforced error. Overall that women's 100 free was my least favorite final of the week. Nothing against Simone but she's not equal to Sjostrom at her best. When premier athletes are in their prime I love to see them finish it off. Sjostrom already had the world record but it carries an asterisk to some degree when remembered as a semi before blowing the final. Reminds me somewhat of David Berkoff in 1988 setting the world record in the Olympic backstroke semi with overwhelming confidence and then losing the final.
Combined with Mallory narrowly failing to earn bronze I didn't appreciate this final.
"Pressure bust pipes". Just like C1/2, Sarah failed to performed at the Super Bowl for swimming athletes. Who cares about setting records in Prelims. The finals are when they give out medals and crown champions. When the lights are the brightest and the pressure is the most, that's when the truly greats perform their best.
Sarah lost to a very, very fast and experienced Olympic Gold Medal in the 100 meter freestyle. Simone Manuel is as good as there is. A fantastic swimmer, she beat Sarah fair and square, deal with it!
These apologists just kill me when Simone consistently beats Sarah and C1/2 on the worlds biggest stages. Who cares what they do at some backyard swim meet or swim trials. Athletes are remembered for what they do on the biggest stages. Sarah and C1/2 are great swimmers, but step up on the big stage and stop making excuses.
On the relay Sarah went almost half a second faster than Manuel's flying start :/, everyone has to do 3 rounds, but Sarah had 3 rounds of 100 fly as well.
Excuses! At the end of the day, she lost! Two 100m races in a row to the same swimmer. Its no fluke.
At the end of the day she has more world records than any swimmer ,male of female, AND 3 individual gold medals. She's the fastest swimmer in the world right now so all the credit to Manual for beating her in one race this week.
and yet you all are still complaining and making excuses about the 100m free. someone's feelings are hurt.
Sarah won 3 golds and 1 silver and 2 WRs, all from individual events.
If she were American, she would have come home with 8 golds, 1 silver and 7 WRs.
As it is, she is behind Mallory who come home bringing 5 gold medals.
Also behind Simone, who is bringing home 5 gold medals.
She brought home 1 gold and 4 1/4 gold medals… Simone is a fantastic swimmer but you seem to think her overall perfomance this week was better than Sarahs, which it was clearly not.
5 medals for swimming the same thing? Too many, devalves value of medals. Counting over all medals only make sense when comparing Americans. Comparing swimmers in the world, only individual medals makes sense.
FRIULA… One of the most celebrated and accomplished female swimmers… Katie Ledecky swims the same thing. Is that a problem as well?
E GAMBLE. Last time I checked, Katie Ledecky swam 100 (relay),200,400,800,1500 freestyle during this WC. Those are not the same distance. Simone has five gold medals for swimming 100 free individually and in four relays, and yes I think that is too much.


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Democrat Spending Bill Contains 'Serious Expansion of Federal Gun Control': Gun Rights Group
Date: 11 Mar 2022Author: cloudhedges 0 Comments
by Zerohedge
Democrats' $1.5 trillion omnibus spending package, unveiled early Wednesday, includes provisions that constitute "a serious expansion of federal gun control" according to the National Association for Gun Rights.
Specifically, the omnibus bill includes the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA).
Though there is bipartisan consensus that violence against women is bad—more limited forms of the bill have passed through bipartisan votes since the first draft was introduced in 1994—more recent forms of the legislation have been controversial with Republicans for provisions relating to gun ownership.
Due to continued efforts by Democrats to include gun control measures in the legislation, the bill was last passed into law in 2013, and has faced steep opposition from pro-Second Amendment Republicans since then.
Currently, almost all firearm sales require a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Purchasers who are tagged as having a criminal background barring them from possessing a firearm are tagged in the system and are not allowed to carry out the purchase.
However, VAWA takes this system much further.
Under its provisions, the attorney general is required "to issue a notice to State, local, or Tribal law enforcement and prosecutors if an individual has attempted to purchase a firearm and been denied pursuant to the national instant criminal background check system."
In other words, an attempt to buy a firearm while legally barred from owning one can be met with criminal investigation.
In a statement, the National Association for Gun Rights (NAGR) warned that this system is dangerous.
"Over 95 percent of all NICS denials are false positives, which means all local and state police would be required to investigate law-abiding citizens when they're wrongly and unconstitutionally denied the right to purchase a firearm," NAGR said.
"Make no mistake—the NICS denial reporting embedded inside the Violence Against Women Act constitutes a serious expansion of federal gun control," said Dudley Brown, president of the NAGR. "Not only does it rapidly expand federal gun control policy, it would actually endanger women, not keep them safe."
Brown also argued that women would be hurt by the bill, which could deny them the right to get a firearm while allowing their abusers to slide past the system.
"Quite literally we will find ourselves in a situation where law-abiding women who need to arm themselves for self-defense get wrongfully denied a firearm purchase when the National Instant Check System wrongly flags them, and then find themselves being investigated by the cops for doing nothing wrong," Brown said.
"Meanwhile their abusers will be able to come after them knowing they're likely to be unarmed. This is truly sickening expansion of gun control and it should be opposed by every pro-gun Member of Congress."
Gun Owners of America (GOA), another Second Amendment advocacy group, agreed.
"The inclusion of the VAWA gun control provisions is a blatant attempt to restrict the Second Amendment and override [Second Amendment] sanctuary state laws," Aidan Johnston, GOA's Director of Federal Affairs, told the Epoch Times. "Even worse, anti-gun Democrats have circumvented typical congressional procedures to sneak this gun control through in the middle of the night on a spending bill."
The draft of VAWA included in the omnibus bill is less expansive than other forms of the same legislation has been.
Proponents of gun control have long pushed for federal law to close the so-called "boyfriend loophole." Though domestic abusers are prohibited from possessing a firearm arm if they were married to the person they abused, many state and federal laws do not extend the same prohibition to unmarried couples.
To close this loophole, some Democrats and gun control groups have called for federal law to prohibit unmarried domestic abusers as well as those who are or were married to the person they abused.
The omnibus bill's draft of VAWA would not do so, as the measure has faced criticism from gun rights advocacy groups in the past.
In a February statement on the latest draft of VAWA Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), a proponent of the bill, admitted that the bill "is not perfect," but insisted that it would strengthen "existing programs to support survivors and to prevent and to respond to domestic violence, and that's dating violence and sexual assault and stalking."
After a draft of the bill closing the "boyfriend loophole" passed the House in 2021—later to fail in the Senate—the Brady Campaign, a gun control advocacy group, applauded the bill, saying it contained "common-sense solutions" and showed "the clear need to stop violence against women."
Though this draft of the bill is somewhat less expansive than previous drafts have been, it could endanger the omnibus package in the Senate, where a bill must achieve at least 60-votes to end debate before it can go to a simple majority floor vote. If at least 41 senators oppose the measure, the bill would fail in the Senate, potentially sending Democrats scrambling to beat the deadline for a government shutdown set to begin late on Friday.
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A: Balance your parentheses:
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A: it should be
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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DC Gives a Major Hero Their Powers Back
By Nicole Drum - December 25, 2019 09:01 pm EST
Tom King's Batman run came to an end last week with Batman #85, concluding the "City of Bane" arc and also tied up some of the loose threads from the entirety of King's overall time on the title. While most of those threads were pretty big ones -- including the fallout of the death of Alfred Pennyworth and the reunion of Batman/Bruce Wayne and Catwoman/Selina Kyle as a couple -- there were some other significant details that were also dealt with and, for one character, that meant having their powers restored.
First appearing in the very first issue of King's run, Gotham Girl/Claire Clover and her brother Gotham/Henry Clover Jr. get superpowers by mysterious means and are protecting Gotham. It's revealed that their powers come with a hefty price: as the siblings use their powers, they shorten their lives. Gotham dies using up all of his powers and Gotham Girl, driven to deep despair by her grief has a bit of a breakdown. It's ultimately revealed that her powers come from Bane's venom and that she has been working with Bane to break Batman as a result and, as we get deeper into the run, she's growing sicker and weaker from using her powers, her own life running out a bit more each time she uses her powers
In Batman #85, though, Batman is seen climbing a crane with Gotham Girl. With Bane defeated, the pair have a sincere conversation. Batman is seen taking responsibility for everything Gotham Girl has been through while Gotham Girl wants her to be happy and wants to know how he can best help her with Bane gone. It's during that conversation that Batman says he has something for her and while she jokes that she's excited for her wedding invite, he reveals that what he has for her is something much better. Batman has in his hand a piece of platinum kryptonite. It's an item that was given to Batman by Superman in Batman: Secret Files #1 and has the power to grant anyone who touches the item essentially the powers of Superman. Batman offers it to Gotham Girl because of everything she's been through -- combined with the fact that he knows that she's a good person and hey, she already knows how to fly.
For Gotham Girl, this is a huge restoration. With Bane gone, she no longer had her original powers and she also had a real opportunity to do something else with her life. Getting her powers restored -- and even better at that -- she really has the ability to be a hero in her own right and to do what Batman tells her: "There are no good deaths, but there are good lives. Let's try to live one of those."
What do you think about the restoration of Gotham Girl in Batman #85? Let us know in the comments below.
Batman #85 is on sale now.
Batgirl Set Photo Reveals New Look at Leslie Grace's Costume
Peacemaker Premiere Easter Egg Pays Tribute to Character's Origin


Look around…don't see only the appearance of individual things or individual people…see instead the hidden Divine Beloved…who is the singular breath of God begotten and embodied as man. This infinite and sacred breath of the "I AM" is what gives the actuality of "life" to all.
This breath… the very breath that fills your lungs..as you exist here and now…is My Holy breath…and it is I… the "I AM"…who has given My breath to you as my only Beloved. My breath, the breath of your God… will never extinguish. Behold yourself and all of your loved ones, as Me…as the "I AM"…as the lone breath of the "I AM'…as the solitary spirit of the "I AM" who is personified as many.
Take comfort in knowing all breath is created Divine and the breath that is Divine never experiences the end of itself… Divine breath is life never-ending…and your true self, the Beloved, is this eternal breath, this infinite life.


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Book examines path in history
Tony Simmons
tsimmons@pcnh.com
PANAMA CITY — A man's diaries provide a personal glimpse into local history through the new book, "George Mortimer West, His Path in History."
The book was compiled by Nancy Hudson, the colllections manager for the Panama City Publishing Co. Museum.
Hudson was involved in Panama City's acquisition of the Panama City Publishing Co. building in 2005. She obtained a grant for restoration of the building, and managed its transition into a museum in 2008.
"This endeavor started as an interest in discovering the West family lineage," Hudson said. "That led to finding out why we call George West the 'Founding Father of Panama City' and how he accomplished that, so I turned to reading his diaries for those answers."
West was a writer, promoter, economist, horticulturist, publisher and entrepreneur, and is credited with developing Panama City into an economically viable town and port. He built the Panama City Publishing Co. building in 1920, which served as the home of Panama City's first newspapers, including the St. Andrews Buoy, the Panama City Pilot, the St. Andrews Bay News and Lynn Haven Free Press.
West died in 1926, and his wife, "Miss Lillian," continued to run the business. West kept a diary for many years from 1873 to Oct. 29, 1926, the day he died. Hudson compiled highlights from those journals along with West family photographs and documents not seen in years.
The variety of mentions from West's diaries include local families, businesses and history, his interview notes with Hawk Massalina, boating, fishing, gardening, politics, railroad and much more.
"I was quickly drawn into his daily life and personal battles," Hudson said. "During this process, I often talked with people about the events in his life that I was reading in the diaries. He became so real to me that when asked how I knew these things about him, I once responded, 'George told me,' as if I had been in conversation with him that day."
Published by Yawn's Publishing of Canton, Georgia, the book is available in paperback for $15.99 online at Barnes & Noble or Amazon. It is also for sale at the Panama City Publishing Co. Museum, 1134 Beck Ave.
"This journey has given me great respect and admiration for George," Hudson said. "He persevered daily and overcame environmental, political, physical and emotional obstacles that would have caused many to give up."


Thus wrote Beethoven to his friend, benefactor, and pupil, Archduke Rudolf sometime after 12 March 1811. Preoccupied with the Princess's visit and a sore finger, His Royal Highness was, in all likelihood, temporarily unable to have his music lessons with Beethoven. Ironically, this minor accident gave the composer time to complete the masterpiece that now immortalizes the Archduke's name more than any other composition dedicated to him.


Data Recovery for all hard drives or SSD modules from your computer, laptop or other device. If you have experienced an error, loss of pictures or data, failed to initialise error or even just accidentally deleted some images or videos it doesn't matter, whatever the problem is, from Water damaged to totally smashed up, if it's possible it can be recovered we can recover it for you.
In most cases we can recover all the data for the flat fee of £99.99, in some other harder cases we may need to quote you for additional work needed.


Crafted from the finest materials with refreshingly of-the-moment details, this is wedding dressing with a difference. Choose from free-spirited designs, classic maxi dresses and contemporary tailoring.
Curated for modern brides, the Whistles Wedding collection includes unique and on-trend designs for both brides and bridesmaids. From classic maxi dresses to contemporary dresses and jumpsuits in an array of prints and colours, there's a style for every special occasion this spring-summer.


text:
Variety Plus Icon Read Next: Beyoncé Performs in Dubai, 'RRR' Stars Hit Hollywood and More January 2023 Party Pics
VPage
Nov 9, 2017 11:35am PT
'Darkest Hour': Gary Oldman Credits Makeup Artist for Winston Churchill Transformation
By Dave McNary
Dave McNary
Variety_DMcNary
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Rob Latour/Variety/REX/Shutterstock
Gary Oldman was particularly thankful to his makeup artist Kazuhiro Tsuji at the Los Angeles premiere of "Darkest Hour" on Wednesday at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in Beverly Hills.
Oldman admitted on the red carpet that looking like Winston Churchill was essential for the role to work, since Churchill has such worldwide renown. So he was willing to spend several hundred hours in makeup during shooting, rather than using prosthetics.
"I wasn't going to put on 50 or 60 pounds and put my health at risk so it was contingent on getting Kazuhiro to see if this thing was going to work," he recalled. "You could control the other component — the energy, how he used his hands, the way he moved. But if you look ridiculous, it's not going to work. So you surrender to it."
Churchill was 65 at the time of the events in the film in 1940, during the opening weeks of his election as prime minister, while the Nazis conquered much of Europe and pinned down Allied troops at Dunkirk.
"I read a lot and watched a lot and was amazed by Churchill's energy and vitality," Oldman said.
Ben Mendelsohn, who plays King George VI, said he was caught up in the moment during the premiere.
"Doing movies is sort of an act of faith, but here we are at the Academy," he said. "For actors, Gary Oldman is it."
Director Joe Wright said it was helpful to have Oldman to interpret his requests: "Whatever suggestion you make, he amplifies it by 1000%. Gary is the greatest actor of his generation."
Wright said he was particularly pleased about achieving an honesty with the portrayals. He cited a small scene between Oldman and Lily James, who portrays Churchill's personal secretary Elizabeth Layton.
"It's not a big dramatic moment — he stops and looks at Lily James and she says 'what' and he says 'I'm just looking at you,'" Wright recalled. "There's an intimacy that feels very true to life."
Focus Features opens "Darkest Hour" on Nov. 22.
(Pictured: Gary Oldman and Ben Mendelsohn)
Ben Mendelsohn,
Darkest Hour,
Gary Oldman,
Kazuhiro Tsuji


Wests Tigers will look to put a tough run of defeats behind them when they take on the Newcastle Knights this Sunday at McDonald Jones Stadium in Newcastle.
After a close but ultimately unrewarding clash against the Gold Coast Titans on Friday night, Ivan Cleary's side will make up the M1 desperate to end their losing streak at seven games.
Originally named to return from an ankle injury, James Tedesco will not take part for Cleary's men after being ruled out yesterday — bringing Malakai Watene-Zelezniak back in to the team.
Kevin Naiqama moves from wing back to fullback, as per last week's change.
Following their impressive performances over the past fortnight, Matt Eisenhuth and Esan Marsters retain their positions in the squad and will again be keen to stake their claims.
After a mentally draining loss to the Dragons last Sunday, Newcastle will similarly be desperate to get back in the winners circle with just one victory since Round 2.
Nathan Brown's men looked to have the win in the bag last week with a commanding half-time advantage, before a second half collapse allowed the Red V to claw their way back.
How a young side responds to the mental hurdle of backing up a devastating defeat like that will be key on Sunday with the two points on offer certainly vital for both teams.


text:
Патријарх јерусалимски Теофил III (Месинија, Грчка, 4. април 1952) је поглавар Јерусалимске православне цркве.

Биографија
Патријарх Теофил је рођен у Месинији, на Пелопонезу, Грчка. У Јерусалиму живи од 1964. године. Служио је више од десет година у чину архиђакона. Од 1991. до 1996. године служи као јеромонах у Кани Галилејској. Студирао је теологију на Атинском универзитету, а магистрирао је у Дараму. Студирао је и на Јеврејском универзитету у Јерусалиму. Поред грчког, говори енглески, арапски и јеврејски језик.

Патријарх

Године 2005, од стране јерусалимског Светог синода изабран је за 141. патријарха Светог града Јерусалима и целе Палестине, Сирије, обале Јордана, Кане, Галилеје и Светог Сиона. На трону Јерусалимске патријаршије наследио је патријарха Иринеја I. Претходно је био архиепископ таворски.

Са председником Републике Српске Милорадом Додиком се сусрео 17. јануара 2012, и том приликом је благословио Републику Српску и њене грађане.

Добитник је Ордена Светог Јована Владимира 2016. године.

Види још
 Списак јерусалимских патријарха
 Јерусалимска патријаршија

Референце

Спољашње везе

Рођени 1952.
Јерусалимски патријарси
Носиоци одликовања Српске православне цркве


SOCIETY calls them "unpaid carers" but they might prefer "husband", "wife", "grandparent" or "friend".
Whatever their title, for millions of over-50s in Britain there is an unseen cost to life and their finances when they look after loved ones.
Research by Saga Personal Finance shows that nearly a fifth of Britain's over-50s regularly care for an elderly loved one or friend, without financial reward, in their own home or at another location.
Carers face a postcode lottery in access to support because of significant variations in the way councils carry out assessments, determine eligibility and allocate resources, a study has found.
The research identified differences between authorities in thresholds for accessing support, the extent to which councils allowed professionals discretion in the way they determined eligibility and in resource allocation systems for determining the size of carer personal budgets. There was also variation in the extent to which councils outsourced the provision of carers' assessments to external organisations, such as local carers' centres.
What's it like to work as a care worker over Christmas?
Every year tens of thousands of dedicated care and social care workers are needed to help look after vulnerable people over Christmas. Their role is crucial over the festive period, but what's it like to work in the job during Yuletide?


A stirring account of the English military campaign led by General Sir William Howe against Philadelphia, the winter encampment of George Washington's Continental Army at Valley Forge, and the American victory at the Battle of Monmouth in June of 1778. This work draws extensively on the journals and remembrances of the soldiers who fought on both sides, putting the reader right in the thick of the action. Little known facts and amusing anecdotes about the principal participants in the campaign flesh out the characters of historical figures such as the brothers Howe, Friedrich Steuben, Horatio Gates, the Marquis de Lafayette and George Washington. Highlighted are the internal struggles of the opposing chains of command. In-depth analysis of developing American military capability, battlefield strategy, and soldiers' narratives richly illustrate the uncertainty of the American cause and champion the perseverance and valor of the fighting men on both sides of the English defeat at Monmouth.


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Loyalty360 Reads: November 28: Dunkin' Donates $1M to Feeding America, PersonalizationMall.com Expands Offerings, and More
Dunkin' Donuts, PersonalizationMall.com, and Share Your Faith Cards
Dunkin' to Match $1M Donation to Feeding America
Dunkin' will match up to $1M in food donations to Feeding America. The Dunkin' Joy in Childhood Foundation is doubling its impact on Giving Tuesday by matching up to $1 million in donations to Feeding America to help bring relief to children and families facing hunger.
On Giving Tuesday, donors can give a "double shot" of support to Feeding America with the Dunkin' Joy in Childhood Foundation's commitment to match up to $1 million in donations. Every dollar donated to Feeding America helps provide at least 10 meals to families in need. This $1 million match follows a $500,000 grant made by the Foundation earlier this year in support of the OrderAhead program, an online grocery ordering system launched by Feeding America.
PersonalizationMall.com Expands Custom Offerings
PersonalizationMall.com is introducing engaging ways to design custom gifts. The Design Your Own capability provides customers ways to customize products with their own graphics, fonts, colors, photos, and logos to create one-of-a-kind gifts. This expansion, along with the brand's broad range of personalization technologies and exclusive designs now includes products and apparel from The Elf on the Shelf.
With the Celebrations Passport loyalty program, shoppers can save more on their custom purchases. In addition to enjoying free standard shipping and no service charge, members earn points with each dollar spent on gifts, unlocking perks and benefits that grow as they shop across the 1-800-FLOWERS.COM, Inc. family of brands.
Small Business Saturday Outreach Initiative
Share Your Faith Cards announced the launch of the "Give A Tip" Campaign, a new Small Business Saturday outreach initiative that aims to connect holiday shoppers with underserved small business segments. As a part of its mission to equip and inspire shoppers with tools to actively support, celebrate, and engage with the underserved, the "Give A Tip" Campaign builds on the burgeoning trend of socially conscious consumerism.
The "Give A Tip" Campaign encourages shoppers to champion and support these local, disadvantaged segments with Tipping Cards, tangible expressions of allyship, generosity, and thanksgiving for their presence in our communities.