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Sydney now beyond point of no return
– May 9, 2011Posted in: Australia, Motorways
Only days after the ABC TV broadcasted an interview with IEA chief economist Fatih Birol who warned that peak oil happened in 2006 and that the world should have prepared for peak oil already 10 years ago, the freshly elected NSW government has appointed the former NSW Premier Nick Greiner (1988-1992) as chairman of Infrastructure NSW. He proudly wants to be known as "Father of Sydney's tollways".
This decision of Premier O'Farrell will guarantee that
(1) Sydney's vulnerability to oil shocks is increased
(2) The government will never ever prepare for declining oil production until physical fuel shortages arrive at filling stations
(3) Millions of tax-payer funded planning dollars will be lost on preparing expensive documentation for oil dependent transport infrastructure
(4) Super Annuation funds will waste billions of dollars for unnecessary toll-ways until more of the toll-way operators go into receivership and it is realized that the root cause was peak oil
(5) The public is not being told that our car culture cannot continue forever, supported by a continuing stream of media reports about green cars, electric cars and yellow cars
(6) All this will go on until the system crashes and those responsible for the resulting financial losses will be held to account
Sydney has now definitely passed the point of no return, the last moment in planning and implementation to put in place emergency projects to save the functionality of the city (long distance commuting) by replacing car traffic with public transport. A symbol of this critical juncture is this work on the M2:
Foundation work for the Beecroft Rd bridge (7/5/2011) now permanently blocks any future public transport solution which connects to the rail hub in Epping (to the right in the picture at the end of the bus ramp which will be pulled down, a scandal of the 1st order). The new Liberal Government failed to re-negotiate the Transurban contract to use the 3rd lane for public transport.
8/5/2011 Professor Hensher [ITLS] wants a network of dedicated bus lanes, known as bus rapid transit (BRT). "I recently calculated that if we were not to build the north-west and south-west railways, we could purchase 28,500 new buses, increasing bus service capacity 7.5 times."
http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/the-transport-mess-to-be-unscrambled-20110507-1ed6z.html
In that case the ITLS should immediately contact the Premier and Transurban to recommend a stop work order for the above works.
http://www.hillsm2upgrade.com.au/files/Beecroft%20Road%20Bridge%20QA.pdf
At a recent public information evening in Epping Heights Public School on the progress of construction work Leighton engineers and Transurban staff had never heard of peak oil, not to mention they did not know we are already in year #7 of peak oil.
On the same day the above M2 picture was taken fuel tanks in Misurata, attacked by Gaddafi forces, went up in flames, part of the fight over oil.
Fuel tanks burning in Misurata, Libya
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/world/middleeast/08libya.html?_r=1&hp
So these two pictures are symbols of two seemingly different worlds, connected by a fragile line of just-in-time oil tankers.
No one in government seems to have noticed that the war in Libya signals the beginning of the next phase of peak oil in which armed conflicts about the 2nd half of oil will dominate oil markets and limit oil supplies. These wars converge in complicated, not easily recognisable ways with the Arab uprising.
This website will deliberately contrast M2 widening work with peak oil related events in MENA countries to demonstrate that our decision makers are unable or unwilling to connect the dots.
Greiner himself was of course the initiator of the M2 in the late 80s. Although peak oil was not publicly known at the time the M2 created uncontrollable urban sprawl in the North West of Sydney in the last 15 years and a city structure wholly dependent on long distance commuting by car. This will have far-reaching consequences and costs for decades to come. In addition to these problems many environmental sins were committed including destruction of bushland for the M2 and a dramatic increase of air pollution and smog over the Sydney basin. All these impacts are perpetuated with the M2 widening. It seems only peak oil can stop this.
Let's put events into a table:
Specific IEA warnings ignored during planning process of M2 widening
It was the duty of care of governments to have checked these warnings, as late as June 2010.
WEO 2008 "Current trends in energy supply and consumption are patently unsustainable – environmentally, economically and socially – they can and must be altered" http://www.iea.org/weo/2008.asp
WEO 2009 "The time has come to make the hard choices needed to combat climate change and enhance global energy security"
http://www.iea.org/press/pressdetail.asp?PRESS_REL_ID=294
http://www.iiea.com/events/iea-2010–world-energy-outlook
WEO 2010 "We need to use energy more efficiently and we need to wean ourselves off fossil fuels by adopting technologies that leave a much smaller carbon footprint" http://www.iea.org/weo/docs/weo2010/press_release.pdf
List of failures of duty of care
Apparently the RTA bureaucracy and the new government
(1) Do not realize that for the current car fleet using petrol and diesel the only determining factor during the life span of that fleet is oil supplies
(2) Cannot or do not want to study oil statistics, including assessing the root causes of the 2008 oil shock and the underlying accumulated debt crisis
(3) Do not watch TV and see that Arab unrest permanently impacts on oil supplies from MENA countries
(4) Fail to understand that we have entered a period of armed conflicts about what ever oil remains in the Middle East
(5) Do not care that Sydney's oil vulnerability is increased
(6) Do not read IMF reports warning that steep rises of oil prices are ahead which are needed to bring rising world demand for oil down to stagnating or even declining oil supplies
(7) Ignore advice from Saudi Arabia that their oil exports will decline over the coming decade
(8) Cannot make primary energy calculations which would reveal that there is nothing which can replace oil in a carbon constrained future in quantities allowing business-as-usual
(9) Live on the untested assumption that the car fleet can be transitioned to electric cars (or any other "green" cars) at the speed required to offset oil decline resulting from oil-geology and above ground factors
(10) Allow their own love affair with the car to stop them from critically reviewing the above
(11) Cannot develop bar charts which would relate oil decline to the lead times for oil-proofing Sydney (electric public transport)
Ultimately all decision makers will have to go through the painful process to correct their own failings. Circumstances will dictate whether this will be fast (quick deterioration of events in Middle East) or agonisingly slow.
The new world of Public Greiner Partnerships
We read:
2/5/2011 Greiner outlines vision for NSW
Mr Greiner declined to nominate the first projects Infrastructure NSW will back but said it's clear the government will have to get more private sector money, and go further into debt to fund projects like the M4 East and M5 duplication.
http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/greiner-outlines-vision-for-nsw-20110502-1e3ku.html
"In NSW, under the previous government, we went to a spectrum where the private sector took 100 per cent of the risk (for projects such as the Cross City Tunnel).
"The availability model is probably at the other end. "I think there are various places in between, and it might vary from project to project."
http://au.news.yahoo.com/latest/a/-/latest/9291867/greiner-outlines-his-infrastructure-vision/
So this means that the taxpayer is supposed to provide the risk money for tollways.
Welcome to the new world of PGPs = Public Greiner Partnerships.
Conclusion: Even before Greiner's appointment car-pooling was pre-programmed. Much more so now. Sydney has to wait for physical oil shortages and/or very high pump prices which would prompt the public to demand a fundamental change in policy towards public transport.
Previous posts:
19/6/2010 M2 widening: Primary Energy Dilemma for cars
http://www.crudeoilpeak.com/?p=1631
4/4/2011 Sydney's RTA builds M2 exit lanes for $200 oil
11/2/2011 Money in Transurban's cash box not enough to complete M2 widening
Tags: Greiner, Infrastructure NSW, M2, Sydney


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Hinsdale police distributed the following reports May 19 and 27.
DUI arrests
• Shanequa Shantell Tyson, 29, 1521 Westminster Drive, No. 111, Naperville, was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol, driving with a blood-alcohol content of .08 or higher, improper lane use and improper approaching/passing of an emergency vehicle at 2:09 a.m. May 24 at Route 83 and 55th Street. She was charged and released to appear in court.
• Cecilia Montoya, 31, 225 W. North St., Leland, was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol, driving with a blood-alcohol content of .08 or higher and improper lane use at 1:07 a.m. May 23 in the 500 block of 55th Street. She was charged and released to appear in court.
• Kevin M. Handler, 28, 10539 S. Trumball Ave., Chicago, was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol and driving with a blood-alcohol content of .08 or higher at 10:13 a.m. May 22 at the Shell Gas Station, 210 E. Ogden Ave. Police were dispatched to multiple reports of an intoxicated motorist. Handler was charged and released to appear in court.
Arrests for license violations
• Trevor A, Butler, 28, 1000 Diversey Parkway, No. 3G, Chicago, was arrested for driving with a suspended license and disobeying a stop sign at 9:26 a.m. May 21 at Hickory Street and Garfield Avenue. He was charged and released to appear in court.
• Rokas Grajauskas, 20, 5S070 Pebblewood Lane, Naperville, was arrested for driving without a valid license and unlawful display of registration at noon May 24 in the 400 block of East 55th Street. He was charged and released to appear in court.
Items reported stolen
• Cosmetics worth $948 were shoplifted from Walgreens, 15 Grant Square, between 1:03 and 1:10 p.m. May 25. The suspect was described as a man with long brown hair wearing a mask covering his face.
• A resident of ManorCare, 600 W. Ogden Ave., reported that her purse, wallet, glasses and cell phone were missing from her room after she was taken to Amita Adventist Hinsdale Hospital. The items were taken between April 27 and May 7, and the theft was reported May 21.
• An employee of BP Gas Station, 149 E. Ogden Ave., reported that his wallet containing his driver's license, ID, Social Security card and pre-paid debit card was stolen between 5 and 6 p.m. May 19. He discovered that he was missing his wallet after using the restroom.
• Someone took the front license plate of a vehicle parked in the 700 block of North Elm Street between 6 and 9 p.m. May 21.
Vandals damage property
• The wooden fence and gate of a home in the 200 block of West North Street were damaged sometime before 12:39 a.m. May 16.
• Two windows on the second floor of a home in the 700 block of South Oak Street were broken between 10 p.m. May 14 and 5:30 p.m. May 16.
• A birdbath valued at $500 was damaged between 1:15 and 4:15 p.m. May 24 at a home in the 400 block of East Ninth Street.
Vehicles burglarized
Two unlocked vehicles parked in a driveway in the 100 block of North Adams Street were rummaged through at 1:06 a.m. May 19. Nothing was reported missing from the vehicles.
Events salute civil ri...Ken Knutson
Giving blood a wonderf...
March 1 'best-case sce...Pamela Lannom
Construction continues...
Nonprofits learn to ad...Ken Knutson
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SUMMARY: The Yamaha GL1 Guitalele is a really interesting instrument. Like the name suggests, it is a combination of a guitar and a ukulele. It has the 6 strings of a standard guitar (ukuleles have 4 strings) and has the small size and the unique sound of a ukulele (although you can tune it to sound like a guitar). It is made by Yamaha, so you are getting the traditional quality Yamaha workmanship and great sound, but you are paying a very low price for it. Overall this instrument is incredible value for what you are getting. It is fun to play (especially for an adult), and is so small and compact that you can take it almost anywhere.
PROS: The GL 1 is inexpensive, sounds amazing, it is very small so it is comfortable and easy for kids to play. It is also great quality for the price you are paying. This Guitalele would make a good transition instrument for a child who can already play the guitar and wants to learn ukulele or vice versa.
CONS: Since it has nylon strings, you will need to spend the first week or so re-tuning the strings, most likely every time you play until they settle. It also has a wide neck, so if your child has tiny hands, they may find it hard to fit their hands around the neck and play comfortably. The headstock is a little big, but that doesn't affect anything, it just looks different.
The GL -1 is such a fun little instrument; I would recommend it to almost anyone. It is so versatile that it would be great as a beginner instrument or for a kid who knows how to play the ukulele and wants to move onto the guitar, or for a guitar player who wants to learn the uke. This guitalele could also suitable for lessons (although check with your teacher). Another very popular use for it is as a travel guitar by an adult or a teen.
An advantage of learning on a guitalele is that it doesn't have any of the "uncool" vibe that some people associate with classical style guitars, but you still get the advantage of the nylon strings that are a bit easier on kid's fingers when they are learning to play. This is also a very durable instrument that can take a beating- which is a definite plus when talking about guitars for kids. You can tune it so it plays like a ukulele (with 2 extra strings) or like a guitar. The headstock and tuners are classical or uke style and once the strings have stretched, it will stay in tune quite nicely.
The most important thing you need to know about the appearance of this Guitalele is that it is SMALL. It has a 17" string scale and is roughly ½ the size of a full-sized guitar. Its small size makes it super portable and very light so that kids will love the size. The other aspect of its size that is important to be aware of if you are shopping for a child is the width of the neck. The neck is a bit wider than a standard steel string acoustic, but is narrower than most classical models – at the nut, the neck width is 1 7/8″.
Since the GL 1 has a short scale length, the frets are perhaps a bit closer together than on full sized guitars, this is beneficial for kids making it easier to play, but can be a problem for some adults who have large hands or fingers. It is available in the colors black, natural, persimmon brown and tobacco sunburst.
The sound of this instrument is another big factor if you are considering buying this model. If you get the guitalele, you or your child will need to learn how to tune it to your kid's preference, since it can be tuned to replicate a ukulele or a guitar or something in between. The recommended tuning is to an A instead of the standard E tuning of a full-sized guitar. It means anything you play on the guitalele is like playing on a full sized guitar with a capo on the 5th fret. To me, the standard tuning sounds much more like a ukulele than a guitar, although with a more pleasant, full sound. You will also need to remember that the strings will need time to stretch. After the strings stretch and settle, it holds the tune very well.
Yamaha is known for the quality of their instruments, and the GL 1 is no exception. On the model that I have the finish is excellent, there are no sharp edges on the frets and no fret buzz. The neck is straight, and the action is low – which is a bonus for kids because it is more comfortable for them to play.
For $100 this is a well-built, proper instrument (not a toy), that is very durable compared to some of the $40 ukuleles that are out there. I've had my guitalele for around 10 years and it has faced 10 years of abused and being banged around, but it still plays perfectly despite a few dents. If you get this for your kid, it will be durable enough that they can take it to school or to a friend's house and it will be able to withstand a beating or whatever rough handling your child can put it though.
It is usually a good idea to switch the strings out to something better quality. You also need to give the strings a couple of weeks to stretch.
The neck may be a little wide for some children.
If you want your kids to learn a pure guitar sound, then this won't be the right instrument for you, since the tuning is a little different.
The GL1 Guitalele is a very impressive little instrument for a very low price. The quality is top notch and lives up to Yamaha's reputation. The small size makes it easy and comfortable for kids to play. The sound is also great for the size, it is more like a ukulele than a guitar, but it has good volume and projection. Highly recommended.


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Ubisoft are hosting another Rainbow Six Siege free weekend
Ubisoft have announced that another Rainbow Six Siege free weekend will run from 16 to 20 August 2018, with different starting and ending times for each platform. The game will also be available at a discount during the free weekend event.
Raindow Six´s Free weekend will start on PC on 16 August 2018, at 17:00 UTC / 10:00 AM PDT. It will also conclude earliest on 19 August 2018, at 20:00 UTC / 13:00 PDT. These times and dates are the same, regardless of your preferred platform as it will only be available on uPlay and not Steam.
PlayStation 4 players will get to experience Rainbow Six Siege also on 16 August 2018, starting at 13:00 UTC or 06:00 AM PDT. The event is scheduled to conclude on 20 August 2018 at 13: UTC or 06:00 AM PDT.
Xbox One players will have the game from 07:01 UTC or 00:01 PDT on 16 August 2018, so they will be the first ones to have access to free weekend. Their free ride will end on 20 August 2018 06:59 UTC or 19 August 2018 at 23:59 PDT.
The official announcement doesn't specify what kind of discount we will see, but if the free weekends up until now are any indicator, it will be 50 per cent off. Word of advice though - if you decide to purchase Rainbow Six Siege, do not under any circumstances go for Starter Edition.
It will be a small difference in price between that and the Standard Edition, but the latter will unlock 20 operators at the start and save your literal hundreds of hours of grinding. And no, there is no way to upgrade from Starter to Standard.
Ubisoft Rainbow Six Siege
Players will have full access to all game modes, maps and all operators during the free weekend and all progress they make will carry over in case they decide to purchase Rainbow Six Siege.
Latest Rainbow Six Siege patch brings fixes, no balance changes
Ubisoft to hit Rainbow Six Siege chat exploit users with banwave
Rainbow Six Siege Showdown is a cowboy shootout event
Rainbow Six Siege IQ exploit fixed on PC, consoles to follow soon
Rainbow Six Siege might get a Wild West robbery event
Watch Dogs: Legion to feature crowdsourced music from HitRecord
The Division 2 Expedition missions are coming soon
The Division film gets a director, will be Netflix exclusive
The Division 2 raid will get matchmaking and difficulty settings
The Division 2 vendor Cassie Mendoza will start selling Exotics
Ubisoft change story, Watch Dogs: Legion has no specific message
The Division 2 gets Gunner specialisation in the latest update


I tried a bit of watercoloring with Distress ink and cut this watercolor paper and glued to my base card. Heat embossed this chipboard piece from Little Birdie and the sentiment with white embossing powder.
Do not forget to enter the Challenge and check out more awesome DT Creations.


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Remembering 9/11: Memories
ABCUSA > In the Spotlight > Remembering 9/11: Memories
One of the most powerful recollections Susan Gillies has of 9/11 was a conversation she had with a distraught rancher. "I was Region Executive Minister in Nebraska on 9/11 and saw how the attacks were affecting everyone," recalls Susan Gillies, interim general secretary for American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA).
"In the days following I heard from a rancher who had been working alone out on the vast prairie," she says. "He told me he felt devastated. Suddenly no contrails were in the sky as he was used to seeing them. He told me he hadn't realized before how strongly he felt connected to the country by thinking of those in planes crossing the sky far over his head. He told me his job had always been to help feed those people he would never meet. He explained to me how much he now understood those people streaking east and west were fellow citizens."
Following the attacks all planes were grounded. The rancher saw an umarked sky absent of any contrails. America had come to a halt. "He told me he felt a deep loss 'in my gut'," Gillies says.
"On 9/11 I was having breakfast in a diner near the region office and saw the television coverage of the first plane's hitting the World Trade Center," Gillies continues. "When the second plane hit, I knew I had to get to the office. Perhaps it was a left-over experience from my former days in the news business."
Gillies explains that the region office building houses five apartments. "Tenants who were home that day gathered," she says. "People simply did not want to be alone. We set up a TV in my office, and people would come and go, checking what was happening, sitting for a while, talking softly. One of our tenants, a young woman, spent most of the day there. She didn't say much at all. She just needed to be close."
"Nothing was normal that day," Gillies recalls, "except, perhaps, for an ongoing commitment to a ministry of presence."
"Now, 16 years later, we stop to reflect and remember not because we can ever understand horrific acts, but because we have a God who walks with us even through the worst times," she notes. "We then, seeking to be the hands and feet of Christ, recommit ourselves to acts of healing and renewal."


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Brinkley Morgan Partner George J. Taylor Appointed to the Board of Governors of Nova Southeastern University's Shepard Broad College of Law
George J. Taylor, a Partner in Brinkley Morgan's Estate and Trust and Business Litigation practice groups has been appointed to serve on the Board of Governors of Nova Southeastern University's Shepard Broad College of Law. The Board of Governors oversees Nova Southeastern University's Shepard Broad College of Law and guides it to advance its mission to develop student knowledge, skills, and values that are at the heart of becoming trusted, highly adept, professional lawyers who are respected for serving clients, their communities, and justice.
Mr. Taylor is an Alumnus of Nova Southeastern University's Shepard Broad College of Law, where he earned his Juris Doctor and graduated 4th in his class. Under his appointment to the Board of Governors, Mr. Taylor will be joining its Strategic Planning Committee, which provides strategic direction for the College of Law and its Dean. One of Mr. Taylor's priorities is to grow the opportunities available for adults to attend law school in the evening while minimizing the impact to their full-time work schedule.
"NSU Shepard Broad College of Law holds a special place in my heart. As an older student with a family to support and a full-time job, NSU provided me a platform to develop my career as an attorney that was unavailable elsewhere," Mr. Taylor said. "It is an honor and privilege to be named to the school's Board of Governors, and I look forward to helping make NSU not only one of the best law schools in Florida, but also in the country."
His position on the board will allow him to focus on a task he started a few years ago. Prior to joining the Board of Governors, Mr. Taylor's family's charitable foundation was a driving force behind creating scholarships for evening students.
The foundation has also played an important role helping modernize the NSU Shepard Broad College of Law's facilities. For example, it provided technology funding for the courtrooms, which mirrored the state-of-the-art technology of modern courtrooms.
In addition to his service on the NSU Shepard Broad College of Law's Board of Governors, Mr. Taylor serves on the boards of the Broward Performing Arts Foundation, and the Salah Foundation. Notably, Mr. Taylor was Chairman of the KIDS Campaign for Broward Health, whereby an astounding $22.6 million was raised in less than two years for the renovation and expansion of the children's hospital at Broward Health Medical Center.
Mr. Taylor is a Partner in Brinkley Morgan's Fort Lauderdale and Boca Raton offices. His Estate and Trust Litigation practice focuses on resolving disputes, including but not limited to will and trust contests based on undue influence, removal of personal representatives and trustees for breach of fiduciary duty, litigation between trust protectors, trustees, and trust beneficiaries. Additionally, Mr. Taylor's Business Litigation practice focuses on solving legal problems resulting from commercial and business relationships, such as breach of contract, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion (embezzlement), and ownership disputes, including the litigation of those matters in both state and federal courts.
Mr. Taylor has been recognized for both his legal acumen and community work. He was named as one of the Best Lawyers in America by U.S. News & World Report for 2021. He has been named a Florida Rising Star by Super Lawyers for 2017-20. He is a former recipient of the Profiles in Leadership Award from Leadership Broward in 2016, the Royal Poinciana Community Leadership Award from the Debbie's Dream Foundation in 2018, and was the honoree at the American Cancer Society Celebration Gala in 2017.
Mr. Taylor is a member of The Florida Bar and is admitted to practice in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. In addition to his Juris Doctor from Nova Southeastern University, Shepard Broad College of Law, he holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Lynn University.
By Jenna Torres|2020-11-11T15:22:07-05:00November 11th, 2020|Press Release|
Brinkley Morgan Announces John Lambros as New Managing Partner
Brinkley Morgan Partner Julia Wyda Named Attorney "On the Rise"by the Daily Business Review
Brinkley Morgan Celebrates 45th Anniversary
Brinkley Morgan Promotes Attorneys George Taylor and Julia Wyda to Partner
Brinkley Morgan Recognized Among the 2020 Best Law Firms and Regionally Ranked in Five Practice Areas
Brinkley Morgan Welcomes Dominique Sciullo-Craig
Brinkley Morgan Relocates North Palm Beach County Office to Downtown West Palm Beach
Thirteen Brinkley Morgan Partners Recognized in 2020 Edition of The Best Lawyers in America®
Brinkley Morgan Partner Jonathan Z. Schiller Selected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers
Brinkley Morgan Attorneys Recognized in 2019 Florida Super Lawyers, Rising Stars, and Top 100 List
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Brinkley Morgan Announces John Lambros as New Managing Partner January 12, 2021
Optimism but Vigilance Required in Vacation Rental Hosting During a Pandemic December 18, 2020
Brinkley Morgan Partner Julia Wyda Named Attorney "On the Rise"by the Daily Business Review December 9, 2020
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Here's Where to Quarantine in Paradise on the East Coast
Gina Valentino November 28, 2020
Baron's Cove in the Hamptons.
Photo courtesy of Cape Resorts
Westchester residents working remotely and families with homeschooled children can safely escape the norm at these properties offering extended stays.
As many have spent the last several months transforming their homes into so much more than living quarters — including home offices and play spaces — many are welcoming a change of scenery. But as travel plans have been squashed due to the coronavirus, luxury hotels are offering "keys" to their properties for extended stays. So, instead of sheltering in place in your living room this winter, do so at a beautiful waterfront resort.
Baron's Cove in the Hamptons. Photo courtesy of Cape Resorts
Soak up the sun in a socially distanced environment at The Brazilian Court in Palm Beach. The intimate boutique hotel is offering long-term stays for one month — or up to five — from December to April 2021 (from $24,000 for the full duration). Access to every suite without entering the central lobby or elevators is possible. Contactless housekeeping and a medical concierge (for on-site COVID testing and vitamin drips) are available, as well as access to a private beachfront cabana with bathrooms, changing areas, lounge, and complimentary stocked minibar. For remote workers, the meeting facility has been transformed into a coworking space that has high-speed WiFi, partition pods, and a "Business Butler" to assist with printing, scanning, and notarizing. For a family-friendly getaway, The Brazilian Court offers twice-weekly off-site activities for fun and educational experiences for children.
The Brazilian Court in Palm Beach, FL. Photo courtesy of The Brazilian Court
For a closer-to-home escape, Baron's Cove in Sag Harbor is offering monthly stays in addition to its seasonal stay. Village rooms with a private garden area, dog-friendly rooms, and spacious suites are available to book, starting at $99 per night.
The waterfront resort is within walking distance of the boutiques and restaurants in the Hamptons village.
Every Dining Update You Need in Westchester This December
Merchant's Daughter Pours Hard Cider From Purdys


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Global application functions act on the entire application. They handle tasks such as quitting and accessing Preferences.
Checks whether the Show Dialog When Inserting Objects option is turned on in the General category of Preferences.
A Boolean value that indicates whether the option is on.
Quits Dreamweaver after the script that calls this function finishes executing.
Opens the About dialog box.
The source argument is a string that contains source code, which represents the dynamic data object. It is the same string that a previous call to this function returned. The function uses the contents of the source argument to initialize all the dialog box controls, so they appear exactly as when the user clicked OK to create this string.
Dreamweaver passes this string to the inspectDynamicDataRef() function to determine if the string matches any of the nodes in the tree. If the string matches a node, that node is selected when the dialog box appears. You can also pass an empty string, which does not initialize the dialog box. For example, a dialog box is not initialized when used to create a new item.
The title argument, which is optional, is a string that contains the text to display in the title bar of the dialog box. If this argument is not supplied, Dreamweaver displays Dynamic Data in the title bar.
A string that represents the dynamic data object, if the user clicks OK.
This function displays the Paste Special dialog box. If the user clicks OK, the showPasteSpecialDialog() function performs the paste.
Dreamweaver 3. Added the strCategory argument in Dreamweaver 8. Updated in CS4.
This function opens the Preferences dialog box.
The strCategoryargument, which is optional, must be one of the following strings to open the correlating category of the Preferences dialog box: general, accessibility, "html colors" (for the Code Coloring category), "html format" (for the Code Format category), "code hints", "html rewriting" (for the Code Rewriting category), copyPaste , "css styles", "file compare", "external editors" (for the File Types/Editors category), fonts, highlighting, "invisible elements", layers,"new document", floaters (for the Panels category), browsers, (for the Preview in Browser category), "site ftp" (for the Site category), "status bar", and validator. If Dreamweaver does not recognize the argument as a valid pane name, the dialog box opens to the last active pane. Dreamweaver does the same, if the argument is omitted.
Toggles the visibility of the Tag Chooser dialog box for users to insert tags into the Code view. The function shows the Tag Chooser dialog box on top of all other Dreamweaver windows. If the dialog box is not visible, the function opens it, brings it to the front, and sets focus to it. If the Tag Chooser is visible, the function hides the dialog box.
The id argument is a unique string used to identify the idle task to register. To ensure uniqueness, prefix the ID with a unique identifier. For example you might want a beep every 5 seconds, but you wouldn't want to call the task "beep", because someone else might also have created a task of the same name. A better name would be something like "acme_beep_task", thus providing both context and uniqueness.
The interval argument is the number of seconds between calls of idleFunction, subject to idle-time availability.
A Boolean value indicating whether the idle task was successfully registered.
This function removes an idle task previously spawned by the registerIdleHandler()function. The intention is to provide a way to remove a previously registered idle task. If an idle task is expected to remain active until the application is terminated, it is unnecessary to call this function. In this case, the idle task is removed automatically before termination.
The id is a unique string used to identify the registered idle task to remove. This is the same ID that was initially used to register the task.
A Boolean value indicating whether the idle task was successfully removed.


My wife used saudade today. Not trolling. We were talking about Thievery Corporation.
We both do. Why is that interesting?
I had to Google Thievery Corporation. I was done as soon as I saw the term "electronica".
Did she pronounce it saudagi?
Was reading The Island of Doctor Moreau and this word was used. So I googled it, then realized why Captain Pickard, once captured by the Borg, was renamed "Locutus of Borg" (speaker of the Borg) in the reruns I was watching.
That's the main reason I ended up taking 8 hours of classical Latin in UG.
Lots of people in government use interlocutor. I don't, though, because it kind of feels forced.
antepenultimate is fun. It gets bronze medal.
Posters here often engage in floccinaucinihilipilification, but most often this is in response to a new fabs thread.
I feel pretty crapulous today. Drank too much last night.
That bell no longer tolleth.
For whom the shad trolls?
Whom isn't cool though and it sounds retarded, that gets my vote for being erased out of the dictionary.
Patois is a hot word as in "he spoke in a frank street patois."
I use patois at least once or twice a fortnight.
Specie (in reference to gold).
I use lots of them.
Assuage. I imagine people rubbing asses every time I see it.
I use assuage. To me, there are no other words that convey the same degree of attenuation as assuage.
You just gave out the password for all poaster socks. Banned for a fortnight.


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text:
Where Fans Come With Taste!
M A G A Z I N E
Roots Magazine
T.G. SHEPPARD SIGNS WITH TIME LIFE TO RELEASE CATALOG OF ALBUMS
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – To the delight of country music fans around the world, T.G. Sheppard will reissue nine of his legendary albums next year through his newly signed deal with Time Life. For the first time ever, these classic albums will be available on all digital platforms and include several of his #1 hits and many all-time fan favorites.
With a career spanning nearly five decades and a total of 21 #1 hits, T.G. Sheppard shows no signs of slowing down. In addition to his new partnership with Time Life, Sheppard recently released the popular new Christmas single, "Christmas In Mexico," with Kelly Lang.
"I am so happy to be working with the folks at Time Life. I have performed on their cruises, I have had songs on many of their previous country music collections, and now I get to work with them to put out several albums that originally came out on Warner Brothers Records," says T.G. Sheppard. "I can't wait for 2020 to be over so we can start enjoying the greatness of what we hope 2021 will become!"
"T.G. has built such a remarkable career in country music," said Mike Jason, Time Life Senior Vice President, Live Entertainment, "We're honored that he's joining the Time Life family and has entrusted us with so much of his treasured music."
T.G. Sheppard continues to experience a huge surge in his career with "The T.G. Sheppard Show" on SiriusXM Radio's Elvis Channel. His latest album release, Midnight In Memphis (produced by T.G. Sheppard and Buddy Hyatt), featured the single "I Wanna Live Like Elvis" which embraced not only Sheppard's close friendship with the King of Rock 'n' Roll, but the world's infatuation and love for the iconic figure. Watch Sheppard perform the single HERE. Midnight In Memphis is Sheppard's first country solo project in over two decades that offers a wide array of songs about love and heartbreak.
His 2015 album, Legendary Friends & Country Duets, was a star-studded project featuring collaborations with some of the genre's biggest stars including George Jones, Willie Nelson, Merle Haggard, Conway Twitty, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Oak Ridge Boys, Crystal Gayle, Lorrie Morgan and many more.
Darius Rucker: From Hootie to Now
Ranked: Top 20 Roots Artists of All Time
Peter Wolf: Give It To Me
Copyright 2021. All rights reserved. ROOTS Magazine and logo are a registered trademark. Nashville, TN.


text:
The Last of the High Kings
"When school ends... and life begins."
The Last Of The High Kings is a comedy/drama film that has a distinct coming of age feel to it. The story takes place in Dublin, Ireland right after the death of the famous rock n' roll legend, Elvis Presley. The main character, Frankie, has a feeling that he will flunk his final exams and goes to hilarious and extreme measures to make sure that he will survive his school year. Frankie also gets to know a visiting American girl played by actress Christina Ricci as they put together an epic and crazy summer party at a nearby beach.
Drama, Comedy
Catherine O'Hara, Jared Leto, Christina Ricci, Gabriel Byrne
David Keating
More Like The Last of the High Kings
Love and Basketball
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Add to Watchlist to become notified when it is.
Also directed by David Keating
Wake Wood
Also starring Catherine O'Hara
A Simple Twist of Fate
Waiting for Guffman
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York
Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses
Also starring Jared Leto
Panic Room
Cool and the Crazy
Hubert Selby Jr: It'll Be Better Tomorrow


text:
The greenhouse effect and the 2nd law of thermodynamics
What the science says...
Select a level... Basic Intermediate
The 2nd law of thermodynamics is consistent with the greenhouse effect which is directly observed.
Climate Myth...
2nd law of thermodynamics contradicts greenhouse theory
"The atmospheric greenhouse effect, an idea that many authors trace back to the traditional works of Fourier 1824, Tyndall 1861, and Arrhenius 1896, and which is still supported in global climatology, essentially describes a fictitious mechanism, in which a planetary atmosphere acts as a heat pump driven by an environment that is radiatively interacting with but radiatively equilibrated to the atmospheric system. According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist." (Gerhard Gerlich)
Skeptics sometimes claim that the explanation for global warming contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. But does it? To answer that, first, we need to know how global warming works. Then, we need to know what the second law of thermodynamics is, and how it applies to global warming. Global warming, in a nutshell, works like this:
The sun warms the Earth. The Earth and its atmosphere radiate heat away into space. They radiate most of the heat that is received from the sun, so the average temperature of the Earth stays more or less constant. Greenhouse gases trap some of the escaping heat closer to the Earth's surface, making it harder for it to shed that heat, so the Earth warms up in order to radiate the heat more effectively. So the greenhouse gases make the Earth warmer - like a blanket conserving body heat - and voila, you have global warming. See What is Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect for a more detailed explanation.
The second law of thermodynamics has been stated in many ways. For us, Rudolf Clausius said it best:
"Heat generally cannot flow spontaneously from a material at lower temperature to a material at higher temperature."
So if you put something hot next to something cold, the hot thing won't get hotter, and the cold thing won't get colder. That's so obvious that it hardly needs a scientist to say it, we know this from our daily lives. If you put an ice-cube into your drink, the drink doesn't boil!
The skeptic tells us that, because the air, including the greenhouse gasses, is cooler than the surface of the Earth, it cannot warm the Earth. If it did, they say, that means heat would have to flow from cold to hot, in apparent violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
So have climate scientists made an elementary mistake? Of course not! The skeptic is ignoring the fact that the Earth is being warmed by the sun, which makes all the difference.
To see why, consider that blanket that keeps you warm. If your skin feels cold, wrapping yourself in a blanket can make you warmer. Why? Because your body is generating heat, and that heat is escaping from your body into the environment. When you wrap yourself in a blanket, the loss of heat is reduced, some is retained at the surface of your body, and you warm up. You get warmer because the heat that your body is generating cannot escape as fast as before.
If you put the blanket on a tailors dummy, which does not generate heat, it will have no effect. The dummy will not spontaneously get warmer. That's obvious too!
Is using a blanket an accurate model for global warming by greenhouse gases? Certainly there are differences in how the heat is created and lost, and our body can produce varying amounts of heat, unlike the near-constant heat we receive from the sun. But as far as the second law of thermodynamics goes, where we are only talking about the flow of heat, the comparison is good. The second law says nothing about how the heat is produced, only about how it flows between things.
To summarise: Heat from the sun warms the Earth, as heat from your body keeps you warm. The Earth loses heat to space, and your body loses heat to the environment. Greenhouse gases slow down the rate of heat-loss from the surface of the Earth, like a blanket that slows down the rate at which your body loses heat. The result is the same in both cases, the surface of the Earth, or of your body, gets warmer.
So global warming does not violate the second law of thermodynamics. And if someone tells you otherwise, just remember that you're a warm human being, and certainly nobody's dummy.
Basic rebuttal written by Tony Wildish
Update July 2015:
Here is the relevant lecture-video from Denial101x - Making Sense of Climate Science Denial
Update October 2017:
Here is a walk-through explanation of the Greenhouse Effect for bunnies, by none other than Eli, over at Rabbit Run.
Last updated on 7 October 2017 by skeptickev. View Archives
Printable Version | Offline PDF Version | Link to this page
Argument Feedback
Please use this form to let us know about suggested updates to this rebuttal.
Related Arguments
Water vapor is the most powerful greenhouse gas
Increasing CO2 has little to no effect
Most textbooks on climate or atmospheric physics describe the greenhouse effect, and you can easily find these in a university library. Some examples include:
Elementary Climate Physics, by F. W. Taylor (Oxford Uni Press 2005). Chapter 7 is about the greenhouse effect.
Physical Principles of Meteorology and Environmental Physics, by D. Blake and R. Robson (World Scientific 2008). Chapter 1, "The Big Picture", can be freely downloaded and includes a good introduction to the greenhouse effect.
Principles of Planetary Climate, by R. Pierrehumbert (Cambridge Uni Press 2010). This will be available from December 2010, and goes into considerable detail of the greenhouse effect and the associated physics.
A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation, by G. W. Petty (Sundog publishing, 2006). Covers the underlying physics of the greenhouse effect.
The Greenhouse Effect, part of a module on "Cycles of the Earth and Atmosphere" provided for teachers by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).
What is the greenhouse effect?, part of a FAQ provided by the European Environment Agency.
Gerlich, G. and R. Tscheuschner (2009) Falsification of the Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects within the Frame of Physics, in IJMP(B), Vol 23, Iss 3, 30 Jan 2009, pp 275-364. This paper makes the claim that the greenhouse effect itself has been falsified.
Halpern, J. et al. (2010) Comment On "Falsification of the Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects within the Frame of Physics", in IJMP(B), Vol 24, Iss 10, 20 Apr 2010, pp 1309-1332. This comment is a rebuttal pointing out many errors. Gerlich and Tscheuschner do not accept the rebuttal, and continue to repeat their claim in a reply appearing in the same issue.
Knuteson, R. O. et al. (2004) Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. Part I: Instrument Design, in J. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol 21, pp 1763-1776. Describes a modern interferometer similar to that which obtained the stratra shown in figure 1.
Stern, S.C., and F. Schwartzmann (1954) An Infrared Detector for Measurement of the Back Radiation from the Sky in J. Atmos. Sci., 11, 121-129. This documents early measurements of backradiation with a pyrgeometer.
Tobin, D. C., et al. (2006) Radiometric and spectral validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder observations with the aircraft-based Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder, in J. Geophys. Res., Vol 111, D09S02. Validation of atmospheric emission measurements from space, using high altitude aircraft measurements. Similar measurements obtained the upwards emission spectrum shown in figure 1.
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Comments 376 to 400 out of 1516:
damorbel at 07:16 AM on 26 February, 2011
Re 375 Dikran Marsupial you wrote:- "how does the first body know that it is radiating to 0K". It doesn't 'know' that. A body radiates only according to its temperature. What is does 'know' (if you can talk of bodies 'knowing' anything) is how many photons it receives. Your example of a body 'surrounded by a black shell at 272K 1mm away' means that the inside body receives almost as much energy from the shell as it loses. This imbalance means the inner body cools slowly to 272K. You wrote:- "and know to emit fewer photons?" The first body doesn't emit 'fewer photons'; the photons it emits get progressively less enegetic as it cools, according to the formula for photon energy 'E', E = hv where 'h' is Planck's constant and 'v' is the frequency. The number of photons remains the same.
Dikran Marsupial at 08:24 AM on 26 February, 2011
damorbel@376 O.K. so you agree that heat energy can flow from a cooler body to a warmer object? In this case heat energy does flow from the cooler shell to the warmer inner body, although there is a greater flow of heat in the other direction, and so the second law of thermodynamics isn't broken. Now put an identical heater in both bodies, each supplying the same amount of heat energy - just sufficient for the first body to maintain its temperature. What happens to the temperature of the inner body within the shell?
muoncounter at 13:50 PM on 26 February, 2011
DM, You should be aware that friend damorbel is on record against heat flow: "first off heat doesn't flow'; only fluids flow." A couple of hundred comments later comes "I have made a number of relevant arguments about the direction of heat transfer (hotter to colder)". Are you willing to spend another hundred or more comments re-drawing the distinction between 'flow' vs. 'transfer'?
damorbel at 19:18 PM on 26 February, 2011
Re #377 Dikran Marsupial You wrote:- "so you agree that heat energy can flow from a cooler body to a warmer object?" Flow in this connection is an outdated concept, it went out with the caloric theory of heat in the early 1800s. I admit to using the term sometimes but it is a mistake because energy is frequently transformed during thermodynamic interactions. Now look at it this way; I give you a $100 bill, you give me 9 $10 bills by way of change; which way is the money transfer? Who has the increased financial liquidity? Would the transfer have been significantly different had I just given you a $10 bill in the first place? The analogy is good because the money transaction can have different formats such as bank transfer. The similarity is remarkable because energy transfers can also have different formats e.g. compresing gas in a cylinder with a piston heats the gas because work is done on the gas by the piston; energy is transferred to the gas via the piston.
Re #378 muoncounter You wrote:- "Are you willing to spend another hundred or more comments re-drawing the distinction between 'flow' vs. 'transfer'?" As I noted above 'heat flowing' is an outdated concept belonging to the caloric theory of heat. It is outdated because it was discovered that it didn't explain experimental results, so a better theory of heat was developed called thermodynamics. The attractions of the 'heat flowing' concept are very great, I fall for them myself occasionally but none the less lead to erronius results. My advice is to avoid the term to maintain scientific credibility.
Dikran Marsupial at 21:58 PM on 26 February, 2011
Damobel@379 Rather than engaging in pedantry, please answer the question. You can call it transfer instead of flow if you like, it makes no difference to the argument, I;ll reword it for you: "O.K. so you agree that heat energy can be transferred from a cooler body to a warmer object? In this case heat energy is transferred from the cooler shell to the warmer inner body, although there is a greater transfer of heat in the other direction, and so the second law of thermodynamics isn't broken." Your financial analogy is incorrect, money is transferred in both directions. The net transfer would have been the same if you had just given me the $10 instead, but to understand the physics of the greenhouse effect the individual transfers are relevant, not just the net effect. To continue the analogy, consider two companies that trade with eachother, one buys $1M of services from the other, which then buys $999,999 of services from the first. If you are the IRS, would you accept the argument that the first company had only given the second $1? No, becuase in finance, just as in physics, the individual fluxes matter, not just the net flux.
Re #381 Dikran Marsupial you wrote:- "it makes no difference to the argument" I'm afraid it does make a difference. Between atoms and molecules heat energy is transferred by processes which result in the exchange of momentum. This is most obvious with gases in which case the momentum exchange is by inelastic collision; here the billiard ball analogy is very helpful for many people but for solids and liquids it is intermolecular forces that do the same job. For a gas one may imagine a surface accross which you wish to measure the heat transfer, the temperature is different on either side of the surface, thus the mean velocity of the molecules on the hot side is higher than the mean velocity on the cooler side. The velocities of the molecules on both sides have a wide range which is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution; when referring to the 'mean velocity' (above) it is the mean of the velocities in the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. So when there is a temperature difference accross a surface the molecules on both sides of the surface exchange momentum by colliding with each other but on average the hotter molecules lose momentum and the cooler ones gain momentum; this is the basic theory behind the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Since there is momentum exchange in both directions but the energy transfer is only in one direction you should thus be able to grasp the physics behind the 2nd law. Energy transfer by photons is no different except the 'collisions' are purely electromagnetic. Photons tranfer energy by momentum exchange also; Einstein wrote a very good paper about this in 1917. Between two adjacent bodies of nearly equal temperature there is a very large exchange of photons but only a small exchange of energy. With photons the energy follows the Planck distribution; Einstein showed in his paper how it is equivalent to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
Damorbel@382 O.K. I can see you are unwilling to discuss the science and want to bog the discussion down with pointless pedantry after I had already altered my terminology to suit you (from "flow" to "transfer"). Suit yourself, it is a tacit admission that your position is indefensible - if it weren't you would have the confidence to engage in the thought-experiment.
Phil at 22:17 PM on 27 February, 2011
damorbel @382 said Photons transfer energy by momentum exchange also This statement is incorrect.
Re #384 Phil you wrote:- "This statement is incorrect." You can find out about photons and momentum here:- Physical properties of photons
Re #383 Dikran Marsupial You wrote:- " I can see you are unwilling to discuss the science" Um, do you think my #382 is not discussing the science? Momentum transfer? Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics? The relation between momentum and energy? These are the fundamentals of kinetic theory, the scientific basis of the 2nd Law of thermodynamics. If I haven't done your 'thought experiment' properly I am really interested to know what I have missed. Please help.
damobel@386 the science in post #382 appears to be merely a continuation of the pedantry regarding "flow" versus "transfer", which is a distraction from discussion of the substantive issue. Back to the thought experiment: Do you agree that heat energy can be transferred from a cooler body to a warmer object? In this case heat energy is transferred from the cooler shell to the warmer inner body, although there is a greater transfer of heat in the other direction, and so the second law of thermodynamics isn't broken as the net transfer is from warmer to cooler body. from 377: Now put an identical heater in both bodies, each supplying the same amount of heat energy - just sufficient for the first body to maintain its temperature. What happens to the temperature of the inner body within the shell?
Re #383 Dikran Marsupial You wrote:- " I can see you are unwilling to discuss the science and want to bog the discussion down with pointless pedantry after I had already altered my terminology to suit you (from "flow" to "transfer"). Suit yourself" I would like to suit you so perhaps you could explain what part of #382 is 'pointless pedantry'? Your comment is rather dismissive of what is necessarily short on detail. Re #387 Dikran Marsupial You wrote:- "Do you agree that heat energy can be transferred from a cooler body to a warmer object? " My #382 explains about how heat energy is tranferred and how it happens. You appear to have a problem with #382, could you make it just a little clearer what it is? Re #377 You wrote:- "Now put an identical heater in both bodies, each supplying the same amount of heat energy - just sufficient for the first body to maintain its temperature. What happens to the temperature of the inner body within the shell? " The 'body in the shell' is the 2nd body - right? In #373 you wrote "The shell is maintained at 272 degrees Kelvin" - You ask "What happens to the temperature of the inner body within the shell?" When you put the same heater (in the 2nd...) as gives - what? You say 'just sufficient for the first body to maintain its temperature'. But how does it do this (keep the first body at 273K)? Is it 1/a constant temperature heater, regulating its output to maintain 273K? or 2/does it deliver the same power to the 2nd body as the 1st? The two cases are very different. The matter is complicated because you said (in #373) "The shell [tound the 2nd body] is maintained at 272 degrees Kelvin." The simplest case is /2 because the shell temperature is defined at 272K. In this case the temperature of the body inside the shell would rise somewhat according to the thermal resistance of the 1mm gap, which is something I am leaving to you. I am really interested as to why you put this problem together, as yet I cannot see why. I am waiting for your explanation.
Damorbel I asked: "Do you agree that heat energy can be transferred from a cooler body to a warmer object? " Instead of giving a direct answer (yes or no would be a good start), you wrote: "My #382 explains about how heat energy is tranferred and how it happens. You appear to have a problem with #382, could you make it just a little clearer what it is?" which doesn't actually answer the question. I don't have a particular problem with what you had written, other than that it was avoiding giving a direct answer to a direct question. "You say 'just sufficient for the first body to maintain its temperature'. But how does it do this (keep the first body at 273K)?" If the heater is producing heat at the rate that the black body 273K radiates heat, it will stay at the same temperature as energy in = energy out. It doesn't need a regulator to achieve that. So can you just give a direct answer to the question, what will happen to the body in the shell if it is heated by a heater providing the same amount of energy required to keep the first body at a constant temperature.
Re #389 Dikran Marsupial You wrote:- "Do you agree that heat energy can be transferred from a cooler body to a warmer object? " I wrote in #382:- " Since there is momentum exchange in both directions but the energy transfer is only in one direction you should thus be able to grasp the physics behind the 2nd law." And that is the complete answer to your question. Perhaps I can expand it. The Kinetic theory of heat replaced the Caloric theory in the 2nd 1/4 of the 1800s. This theory is that, above 0K all molecules are in a continuous state of vibration with momentum proportional to temperature. Momentum and energy are closely related momentum p = mv; it is a vector quantity because v (velocity) is a vector. The energy of moving particles is E = 1/2mv^2 which is not a vector quantity because v^2 is not a vector. Since heat transfer has a direction, it needs some kind of vector (you can use energy gradient but it is clumsy) to define the direction of heat transfer; momentum is much more handy. So heat energy tranfer goes from the high momentum/high temperature place to the cold/low momentum place but there is all the time (unless the cold side is at 0K) a tranfer of momentum in both directions but the average is fron the hot side to the cold side. You ask me:- "Do you agree that heat energy can be transferred from a cooler body to a warmer object? " Don't you see that the answer must be no? The mechanism of transfer (as well as all observations) make it impossible.
" Since there is momentum exchange in both directions but the energy transfer is only in one direction you should thus be able to grasp the physics behind the 2nd law." That is obviously incorrect, every photon that is emitted by the shell and is absorbed by the body within has transferred energy from the cooler shell to the warmer body. You still haven't given a clear answer to what happens to the second body within the shell when it is heated. Keep it simple, does it (a) get warmer (b) stay the same temperature or(c) get cooler?
KR at 11:43 AM on 28 February, 2011
damorbel - One last quixotic attempt: The surface of the Earth receives energy 'A' from the sun. If there were no other elements involved, the Earth would have to be at an equilibrium temperature sufficient to thermally radiate 'A' to space. Otherwise it would warm or cool until the incoming radiation power matches the outgoing. Now we introduce an object cooler than the Earth (at some temperature above absolute zero) that radiates 'B' to the Earth. It doesn't matter what power level 'B' is - other than it is > 0. The Earth now receives 'A + B' power, where 'A + B > A'. The Earth must now radiate a power 'A + B' in order to regain equilibrium. Since power radiated scales with T^4, this means that the Earth when radiating 'A + B' must be warmer than when radiating 'A'. Cool objects add energy to all nearby objects, even warmer ones, and cause them to be warmer than they would be in the absence of those cooler objects. Otherwise you would be violating the first law of thermodynamics - conservation of energy. The atmosphere is cooler than the Earth, but still warms it accordingly to a higher temperature than it would be without a greenhouse gas containing atmosphere. Do you disagree with this post? And if so, how do you justify it?
scaddenp at 14:11 PM on 28 February, 2011
"Do you disagree with this post?" Let me make a prediction: 'Yes, because a cold body cant warm a warmer body because its a violation of 2nd law thermodynamics". On and on like a broken record. Let me pose another question for damorbel. If you do an experiment and it results can be explained by the real 2nd law of thermodynamics but not by you imaginary version, then will you abandon your imaginary version?
Re #393 scaddenp you wrote:- "If you do an experiment and it results can be explained by the real 2nd law of thermodynamics but not by you imaginary version" I am most interested in what you write but two lines is just a bit too little to give me a proper grasp of your point. I would very much like to hear how you see 'the real 2nd law of thermodynamics' and how it differs from my 'imaginary version'. Make this clear and I'll happily agree with you.
Re #392 KR you wrote:- "Now we introduce an object cooler than the Earth (at some temperature above absolute zero) that radiates 'B' to the Earth. It doesn't matter what power level 'B' is - other than it is > 0." How does this 'object' get introduced? The troposphere is only 10 - 15 km thick and in close contact with a surface of 510,072,000 km2 which means they are closely coupled thermally and will quickly come into thermal equilibrium. Any object that is relatively cold will quickly be warmed up to a temperature related to the Earth's surface. Let us suppose the cold object was at 0K (you say it isn't but it could be) such an object would be producing no thermal radiation so it would have no effect on the surface temperature but it would still be warmed from the surface. Do you see a point where this cold object, as its temperature rises, it would begin to warm the surface by radiation?
les at 21:50 PM on 28 February, 2011
Looks like SoD has some suggestions for people confused on this issue, and who want to get a proper grasp of the maths... Find Stuff Out and Book Reviews
Re #396 les you wrote:- "Looks like SoD has some suggestions for people confused on this issue," Would you like to reccommend some passage?
KR at 00:00 AM on 1 March, 2011
damorbel - The purpose of my example is to demonstrate that a cool object can add energy to a warmer object, making it warmer still. The surface and atmosphere are in dynamic equilibrium, as described by the Trenberth 2009 energy budgets; the surface receives sunlight and back radiation (input), emits IR, convection, and latent heat, flow and sum flow of energy going sun->surface->atmosphere/space. The atmosphere receives sunlight, various inputs from the surface, and radiates that energy away, flows going sun/earth->atmosphere->earth/space, sum flow sun/earth->atmosphere->space with the energy flow to the surface considerably less than the energy flow from the surface to the atmosphere (thus satisfying the 2nd law of thermodynamics), while still adding some energy to the surface - and hence raising it's temperature to a higher level than it would have without the GHG containing atmosphere. Of course, we've covered this ever so repeatedly before...
scaddenp - Actually, the response I expected to my post was a combination of over-interpretation, nit-picking, and red herrings, while ignoring the actual point. If only I was as accurate with the lottery...
damorbel at 01:24 AM on 1 March, 2011
Re #398 KR in #392 you wrote:- "The purpose of my example is to demonstrate that a cool object can add energy to a warmer object, making it warmer still." It seems from your #398, where you wrote :- "The surface and atmosphere are in dynamic equilibrium, as described by..." that you didn't really mean an 'cool object' but a gassy atmosphere. You really should be more clear because thermally speaking 'objects' and gas are very different. The really serious difference is that gases are compressible and their temperature changes when compressed. Also the Earth's gravity compresses the atmosphere while holding it on the planet. Trenberth doesn't consider this at all; none of his diagrams have any mention of temperature, it really is not at all easy to understand his explanations, perhaps you can help.
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Windows devices are developed to push the limits of what you expect to do into the realm of what you hope to do. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale instance of such a technique, which led to a quantity of special-objective commercial systems such as Sabre 71 In the 1970s, computer engineers at analysis institutions throughout the United States began to hyperlink their computers with each other using telecommunications technology. There's a lot of computer science happening there, such as when you are obtaining the most efficient route to your destination. Any computer that wants to transmit listens for a carrier signal that indicates that a transmission is under way. If you adhere to my weekly e-mail super secrets, but occasionally want to dig back into your archives to find a certain computer tip, it might be lost, deleted, whatever.
Preserve going with these silly ideas and quickly your computer will probably not be usable any longer. On your computer the upper component will have different contents I think it is quite self explanatory. If the software you will be making use of in your engineering is compatible with Mac OS, go for it. If not, Windows laptop. The computer could have been utilised in the commission of a crime, or it might be the target. The field of computer science education has come a long way in just a couple of years.
The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), called the Mark I by Harvard University, was an electro-mechanical computer. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was conceived and made by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania. Our wide choice of bestselling computer systems, computer accessories, and computer components and components will provide you a positive, a single-stop shopping experience. But, 1st of all, let us take a appear at the elements that we will demand to assemble a computer.
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Tones and I – Can't Be Happy All The Time
Tones and I releases brand new hit song titled "Can't Be Happy All The Time" you can stream and download it here.
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Migos – Migo Pablo Ft Hoodrich Pablo Juan
Migos – Pull Up
Belly – Money On The Table Ft. Benny The Butcher
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Jim Leeke – Nine Innings for the King: The Day Wartime London Stopped for Baseball – July 4, 1918
July 4, 2016 – On this Independence Day, our time machine takes us out to the ball game, on a July 4th neither side of the Revolutionary War could possibly have envisioned during the conflict. The place is Chelsea, England. The time: The Great War. The book is titled, Nine Innings for the King: The Day Wartime London Stopped for Baseball, July 4, 1918 .
We've chatted previously with today's author, Jim Leeke, about his Civil War novel for young adults: Matty Boy . Jim is a contributor to the Society for American Baseball Research Baseball (SABR) Biography Project, the writer or editor of several books on U.S. and military history, and the creative director of Taillight Communications.
We'll also be hearing about the Anglo-American Baseball Project. It's an ambitious plan to recreate the King's Game for its centennial: July 4, 2018. Pitch in to help at AABaseball.org, or by following Jim @9Innings4King on Twitter. For more on baseball players in the Great War, enjoy our interview with Charles Leerhsen, author of the award-winning, Ty Cobb: A Terrible Beauty. Cobb — the victim of malicious slander falsely depicting him as a selfish, belligerent racist — not only signed up to serve his country, he enlisted in the dangerous chemical warfare unit rather than a cushy behind-the-lines job.
In the aftermath of the Brexit vote, the special relationship between the United States and Britain as trading partners will have real-world impacts on millions of people around the globe. In a small, early way, the King's Game started us off then, to where we stand now, shoulder to shoulder in good times and bad, with George Washington honored with a statue in London, gazing straight at the Parliament against which he rebelled.
← H5F: Stephen Coss – Smallpox: The Deadliest Disease David O. Stewart on American Emperor – Aaron Burr: The Man Who Shot Alexander Hamilton →


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


01/01/2021 OSA scouting updated ratings (potential): Contact: 11 (11); Power: 5 (5); Eye: 11 (11).
01/01/2022 OSA scouting updated ratings (potential): Contact: 11 (11); Power: 5 (5); Eye: 11 (11).
05/17/2022 Injured (sore hamstring), day-to-day for 1 day.
11/21/2022 Received a 1-year contract worth a total of $1,200,000 through arbitration.
11/30/2022 Signed a 1-year contract extension worth a total of $1,350,000 with the Detroit Tigers organization.
01/01/2023 OSA scouting updated ratings (potential): Contact: 11 (11); Power: 5 (5); Eye: 11 (11).
08/18/2023 Injured (sprained ankle), day-to-day for one week.
08/19/2023 Injured (knee contusion), out for 2 weeks.
01/01/2024 OSA scouting updated ratings (potential): Contact: 11 (11); Power: 5 (5); Eye: 11 (11).
06/02/2024 Injured (strained hamstring), out for 4 weeks.
12/02/2024 Became a free agent.
01/01/2025 OSA scouting updated ratings (potential): Contact: 11 (11); Power: 5 (5); Eye: 11 (11).
08/05/2025 Signed a 1-year minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics organization.
11/11/2025 Signed a 1-year contract extension worth a total of $1,200,000 with the Oakland Athletics organization.
01/01/2026 OSA scouting updated ratings (potential): Contact: 11 (11); Power: 5 (5); Eye: 11 (11).
05/18/2026 Released by the Oakland Athletics.