text:
Emory Schley: Shakespearean connection in Marion still has vestiges
I received a note from Blair Baylor of Ocala. He wrote: "A while back, I asked you about an unnamed cemetery at Maricamp and Baseline, across from the sheriff's farm. Well, some one answered by putting up a sign.
"It is the Capulet Cemetery! Googling it, you find out it was a town in Marion County. There is even a reference to a 'Romeo and Juliet' of Shakespeare's story here. It is worth the read. Thanks, and keep writing."
Blair, I'm glad someone cleared the name of the cemetery up for you. Apparently, someone in Beautiful Marion County's distant past must have been quite a Shakespeare lover. There were two towns or communities at one time named Romeo and Juliette. Romeo is north of Dunnellon. Juliette, a now extinct town, was somewhere near Romeo but I'm not sure of its exact location. Romeo had its own post office from 1888 until 1955.
I contacted local historian Annabelle Leitner about Romeo and Juliette and this is her reply: "Both Romeo and Juliette are located on U.S. 41 north of Dunnellon. Romeo still has signs and Romeo Elementary School is located there, along with the remains of the charcoal kilns that are still visible from the road, and Juliette is now known as Rainbow Springs."
SOMETHING SPECIAL: Looking for something to do tonight? If you like live country music and entertainment, then Forest Community Center at 777 S. County Road 314A in Ocklawaha just might be the place you want to go. It'll be bluegrass and country night from 5 to 8:30 p.m.
The Golden Girls and Friends, backed up by Robert Stewart and his band, will entertain. The event is free. You can call 438-2841 for additional information.
TELEPHONE COURTESY: I recently commented on how nicely I had been treated over the telephone by the "super staff" at the Marion County Clerk's office. It wasn't a matter of me receiving special treatment either because I did not identify myself during several conversations. I have my phone set up to automatically block Caller ID from revealing my name or personal phone number when I make calls.
David Ellspermann then wrote: "I wish to personally thank you for the article today recognizing the customer service provided by the team at the Clerk of the Court and Comptroller Office. I shared the recognition with all the clerk team this morning at 7 a.m., just after I read my paper. We understand that our customers can be seeking information or be in some concerning situation or crisis situation when they call.
He continued: "The Clerk of the Court and Comptroller maintains an excellent website where a person can research court cases, official records, finance information, budget information and internal audit information. The most recent addition, which you may have a great interest in because of the historical fact and because he is a past co-worker (of yours), is a dedicated section for all of David Cook's articles, pictures and notes of his past writings. Again thank you for your kind words."
The site he's referring to is www.marioncountyclerk.org and if you're looking for retired Star-Banner Editor David Cook's archived history articles, use www.marioncountyclerk.org/david-cook.
GRAVE PROBLEM: Local resident Nancy Moreland tells me a cemetery in south Florida has buried someone in HER bought-and-paid-for grave site. She wants to know how to resolve such a case. An attorney she contacted wasn't interested. Any ideas?
ANOTHER TIE: In a recent column, I mentioned musical stars who had ties to Beautiful Marion County. Gary L. Hauge, Ocala, then wrote: "Missing from the list of famous musicians is that of tenor James Melton. Born in Moultrie, Georgia, on Jan. 2, 1904, he moved to Citra with his parents, both talented musicians. Young James attended school in Citra and Ocala, graduating from high school in 1920. James later had his own national radio show. He made frequent appearances on a well-known radio show, the 'Voice of Firestone' in 1933.
"His operatic career began in 1938. He starred in numerous performances, including radio, movie and television appearances from the mid-'20s through the '50s. For a more complete account of his long musical career, one can check the internet and listen to his outstanding tenor voice on YouTube. He passed away in New York City on April 21, 1961. His grave is in Woodlawn Cemetery in the large Melton plot, located just inside the middle gate and is visible from the street."
SUPER SALE: The Friends of the Freedom Library are hosting a super sale with cookbooks and cookies for sale 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. today at 5870 SW 95th St., Ocala.
Please send your comments to slyguy73@gmail.com and include your FULL name and town. This column appears each Thursday and Saturday on page 1B and on-line at ocala.comCopies to: dave.schlenker@starbanner.com, go@starbanner.com.


text:
(function () {

/* Imports */
var Meteor = Package.meteor.Meteor;
var global = Package.meteor.global;
var meteorEnv = Package.meteor.meteorEnv;
var _ = Package.underscore._;
var Blaze = Package.blaze.Blaze;
var UI = Package.blaze.UI;
var Handlebars = Package.blaze.Handlebars;
var Spacebars = Package.spacebars.Spacebars;
var HTML = Package.htmljs.HTML;

/* Exports */
if (typeof Package === 'undefined') Package = {};
Package.templating = {};

})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Classic Galleries
Original Issue
A Team Unto Itself
Three Sutter brothers will be playing in the NHL this season, and there are three more on the way, including Brent, who may be the best of them
E.M. Swift
ORIGINAL LAYOUT
A row of six grain elevators guards the railway line in Viking, Alberta. The visual impact is staggering: six towering verticals after a hundred miles of horizontals. Gray highway. Green farmland. Flat, blue sky. Viking, Alberta—the Crossroads Town with a Future.
Nine miles outside Viking a gravel road crosses Highway 14. Take a left there, cross the railroad tracks, and the first farm you'll pass is the Sutter place. You'll spot the big red barn first and then the tidy white farmhouse with the blue roof. A full 640-acre section—pigs, cattle, chickens, barley, wheat, bright yellow rapeseed, raspberries and a few cows.
Brian Sutter nods toward the driveway. "Going out to catch the school bus, we'd have had five fights by the time we'd get to the end of that lane," he says. "I can remember some good ones. No broken bones, but lots of bloody noses."
From the look on his face, these are pleasant memories. Brian, 23, is the acknowledged leader of the seven Sutter brothers, the first of them to make it to the NHL and the toughest of a notoriously tough lot. The Sutter boys. Or "those Sutters," as they say in Viking, with civic pride rather than jealousy or awe. Those Sutters stand out from their surroundings just as clearly as those grain elevators.
Aug. 2, 1980, the day of 22-year-old Darryl Sutter's wedding, was the first time in four years all seven boys would be together on the farm. Hockey does that to families, with schedules being played right through the holidays, and the Sutters are a hockey family. Brian, Darryl and Duane, 20, have NHL contracts; Gary, 25, is a Tier Two Junior coach in nearby Vegreville; Brent, 18, and the 16-year-old twins, Richard and Ron, play Tier One Major Junior hockey over in Lethbridge. There are no daughters. Grace, the boys' indefatigable mother, somehow has brought her sons up to be gentlemen. Off the ice, anyway. "You'd think with seven boys there'd be one bad apple," says a friend. "Still, sometimes I feel sorry for Grace. She can never sit down and talk about...I don't know...making a cake. It's always hockey, hockey."
Hockey has long lent itself to family acts. Five of the top seven goal scorers in NHL history—Gordie Howe, Phil Esposito, Bobby Hull, Maurice Richard and Frank Mahovlich—had brothers who played in the league; Howe even played on the same NHL team with his two sons. Hall of Fame brother pairs include Bun and Bill Cook and Doug and Max Bentley. Four Boucher siblings played in the NHL: Frank, George, Billy and Bob. Perhaps it is because kids' hockey, played on frozen ponds and sloughs, is a sport in which younger brothers are encouraged to come along. There are no left-out positions that are an embarrassment to play, as there are in baseball. Whether one touches the puck or not, the simple act of skating is fun, exhilarating, worth the frustration of being stickhandled around. And there is the thrill of literally filling your brother's shoes—skates hand down very nicely—so that the younger sibling can say to himself, "Here he was; there I'll be," as he watches the progress of the elder.
But there are more tangible factors in this brother-act business, one of which is that the best way to get a good look from a scout is to be part of a proven bloodline. After Duane Sutter played a major role in the New York Islanders' march to the Stanley Cup last spring, scoring a key goal in the final game, brother Brent became the Islanders' surprise first-round draft choice. "There's no question that we considered genes before selecting Brent," says Islander General Manager Bill Torrey. "The NHL's Central Scouting office didn't have him listed as first-round material. But with his family's competitive instincts, we thought we could take a chance."
Competitiveness is the dominant trait in the Sutter pedigree. Determination. It goes back at least as far as 1848, when a 44-year-old Swiss immigrant named John Augustus Sutter—great-great-uncle of the current crop—changed the course of U.S. history when gold was discovered at his sawmill. The California Gold Rush ensued. Sutter was eventually swindled out of his holdings and was bankrupt by 1852. But was he discouraged? No way. He moved to Pennsylvania, and until his death at the age of 77 he fought the government for compensation for his losses. "The Sutter trademark is hard work," says a former teammate of Brian's. "When you get knocked down you get back up. And you don't back down from anybody."
A Sutter skates and works like a mule. He doesn't dazzle; he's not fluid or pretty to watch; his speed and shooting skills are, at best, average. But a Sutter is the type of player that NHL coaches are turning to more and more, the type referred to as "honest." A Sutter will take a hit instead of giving up the puck, and a Sutter will dig and check in the corners. Most important, a Sutter will do anything to win. Former Montreal Goaltender Ken Dryden has characterized this "honesty" as the outstanding trait of North American players. He may lack the skating, shooting and passing sophistication of his European counterpart, but somehow he will find a way to win. Call it New World optimism. Work hard enough and you can do anything.
A half mile from the Sutter farmhouse, beyond the wheatfield, is the slough where the boys skated as kids. "After school in the winter, if there was a full moon, three guys would go shovel the ice while the other guys did the chores," Brian says. "In the summer we played in the loft in the barn. We only got to town once a week, so we didn't have anything else to do."
Breaking into the NHL was hardest for Brian. There was no legacy, no bloodline going for him. Louie Sutter, the boys' father, had boxed a few rounds, but he'd never skated. No one from Viking had ever made it to the NHL. Gary had played Tier Two hockey but didn't get beyond that. Brian almost didn't make it that far. "I couldn't skate. I couldn't shoot. All I knew how to do was work," he says. At first he was cut from the Red Deer Rustlers, the Tier Two team for which all the Sutters, except Gary, played. "The first thing Red Deer did when I made the team the next year was send me to the sporting-goods store to buy a new pair of skates," Brian recalls. "I'd never had a new pair. I walked in with my old pair of size 11s, and walked out with a pair of 7½s."
Small wonder his skating was mulish. He worked to improve it, but at the time he had no serious thought of a pro hockey career. Sure, he dreamed of one, but you don't count on dreams. He would be a farmer like his father and grandfather. "Brian, he's a good farmer," Louie Sutter says. "He should be a farmer instead of a hockey player. He likes it. He worked so hard when he was a kid that I felt sorry for him if he lost a calf and I'd give him one of mine. He always had a 100% calf crop; mine was about 80%." He stops here to smile. "That Brian, he's a pretty good businessman, too."
Brian's break came when he moved up to the Tier One team in Lethbridge, the Broncos, where he was put on a line with a young phenom who had already been drafted by the Islanders, Bryan Trottier. Sutter scored 90 points that year and proved he could complement a skilled centerman by digging the puck out of the corners and standing up to thugs—of which western Junior hockey has more than its share. The St. Louis Blues selected him in the second round, 20th overall, of the 1976 draft.
Brian quickly established himself as a tireless worker, but in his first 103 NHL games he scored only 13 goals. However, he never backed down from a scrap, and before long the wings covering him began to give him a little more room. In 1978-79 things began to click, and Brian pulled off an unusual double by leading the Blues in goals, with 41, and penalty minutes, with 165.
When Brian returned to St. Louis for the 1979-80 season, General Manager Emile Francis appointed him captain. "It affected my scoring for a while," says Sutter, whose goal production fell to 23. "I was trying to do too much at first."
Chicago routed the Blues in the first round of last spring's playoffs, a setback that still haunts Brian. He didn't score in the three games and lacked his usual intensity. "We used kind of a psychological ploy against Brian," says Eddie Johnston, who was the Black Hawks' coach last season and now has the same job with the Penguins. "Brian's their catalyst, and I wanted to do something to throw him off his game. When you're watching how your kid brother's doing, you're not keeping your mind on the game."
What Johnston did was this: he played Darryl, recently recalled from the Hawks' farm team in Moncton, New Brunswick, on a line against Brian's line. Darryl was superb, scoring three goals against St. Louis, including the series-winner in the third game. Brian was ineffective.
"I think it worked," says Johnston, who was a teammate and friend of Brian's for two years in St. Louis and knew how closely Brian looked after his brothers. Indeed, the only time Brian spoke with Darryl all week occurred when they were scuffling for the puck along the boards. Both play left wing, and Darryl was out of position. "Get back on your wing," Brian whispered. That was all.
Because he hadn't yet got outstanding genetic credentials, which is to say that Brian hadn't yet had his 41-goal season, Darryl was only the 179th player selected in the '78 draft. He had been told he would go in the first three rounds, and he nearly quit hockey when he wasn't picked until the 11th. But he's a Sutter. So he went to Japan for a season and worked on his skating on the larger rinks there, getting four hours of ice time a day. When he returned, Chicago gave him a tryout with Moncton. "The Hawks were just so-so on him," says Johnston, then the Moncton coach. "I told them they'd better sign him because he was their best minor league prospect." Darryl got his contract, and last season he was the American Hockey League's Rookie of the Year. "This year you watch," Louie Sutter predicts confidently. "It'll be the Calder as Rookie of the Year in the NHL."
The center of the Sutter home, in practice and design, is the kitchen, which is Grace's turf. The morning of Darryl's marriage to Wanda Wemp it was a madhouse, with the twins being ordered by their brothers to rustle up breakfast while Grace attempted to organize the day. Nicknames are almost an obsession in small Canadian towns, and to save everyone the trouble of looking for the small, hockey-related scars that differentiate Richard from Ron, each is simply called Twin, even by Grace. Duane is Dog, and Brent is Pukey—a moniker foisted on him in the first grade, when he would vomit daily on his way to school. Again, even Grace calls him that.
Everyone in the kitchen, except Grace, was a little flushed from a short game of street hockey that had been played in front of the barn. Brian had added a touch of authenticity to the proceedings by slashing Ron good-naturedly across the thumb. "Sorry, Twin," he said. Duane, who is more than a match for the 5'11", 180-pound Brian in size but still very much the younger brother in both their eyes, then gave up the "puck"—really a tennis ball—when Brian raised his stick and feigned a spear. The ball sat unattended as Brian waited for the next brave fool. There were no takers.
After the boys adjourned to the house, Brent sniffed at the cream for freshness. He's the equal of his older brothers in height but, at 18, he's still gangly. His upper body has yet to fill out. Sutters are late bloomers; even Duane is still wiry. It is generally felt that Brent has the tools to be the best of the brothers. Last season he was captain and MVP of the Red Deer Rustlers, the Tier Two national champions. He is a righthanded center and will play at least a year, maybe two, of Tier One hockey in Lethbridge before he makes a permanent step to the Islanders.
As his mother filled another creamer from the fresh jug in the refrigerator, Brent began telling about a bench-clearing brawl before the opening face-off at one of Red Deer's playoff games. "We had a big, tough, physical team," he was saying. "Never lost a fight all year. We killed them. I loved it."
"Of course you loved it," Grace told him. "That's what you live for."
Duane is the gentlest Sutter, his playing style to the contrary. Sitting down to a plateful of eggs, he decided he had heard enough of the toughness of the Red Deer Rustlers, whom the twins had also played for. "I got 225 minutes of penalties my last year in Red Deer, and I bet 200 of them were stepping in for Pukey," he said.
Brent was appalled. "That's bull, Dog."
"It's true, Pukey, and you know it."
What can one say in the face of such a lie? "You know how Dog got his name?" Brent finally blurted. "Brian beat him up one time, and he went into his room bawling and howling like a dog, yip, yip, yip, all night."
"I'll drop you like a bad hammock," Duane answered.
Duane knows all about being dropped like a bad hammock. The first time he played against Brian in the NHL, Brian prodded him with his stick, called him gutless and finally cut him across the bridge of the nose when they were chasing a loose puck. To the amusement of the Islanders on the bench, Brian stopped to apologize. He is an aggressive player, not a mean one. But the lesson was clear: on the ice, you play for keeps. "Brian controls the younger ones," says a friend. "They're all scared to death of him."
If so, he's the only person who frightens Duane. The contributions he made to the Islanders last season couldn't be measured by his 15 goals and nine assists; Duane helped bring about a far more fundamental change by lending the team his peculiar knack of finding a way to win. "To me the Islanders never had a lot of heart before," says Brian. "Duane made guys like Clark Gillies and Bob Nystrom say to themselves, 'Hey, there's a young guy doing it. Why can't we?' "
Duane went to the Islanders' '79 training camp with little chance of making the team. He was only 19, and the Islanders were fairly secure at his position, right wing. Still, Duane was determined to make an impression, and Brian had given him one piece of advice: never back down. "He promised that if I ever started getting beat up badly, someone would jump in and help me," Duane says.
Sure enough, in one early exhibition game, Dave Schultz, then with Buffalo, overwhelmed Duane in a fight. But in his next game, Duane made the kind of impression the Islanders liked, thumping Pat Hickey, then with the Rangers, in, Madison Square Garden, the very place where the Islanders had been ousted from the playoffs four months before. "It's scary," said Islander Assistant Coach Billy MacMillan, now the head coach at Colorado, "but we're going to have to look for leadership from a 19-year-old kid."
"Sutter adds spark," Torrey says. "He's not going to win any Sonja Henie awards for skating, but from point A to point B, he gets there. And I like his intelligence with the puck. He won't throw it away."
To understand how the Sutters play, one must also understand how John Chapman, Duane's former coach at Red Deer, coaches. He is a short, stocky, Teddy-bear-faced man whom Louie Sutter introduces as the man who is "making goons out of my kids just as fast as he can—he only had Brian for one All-Star game and Brian got into four fights, and the kids get worse as they get younger." Chapman coached Brent and the twins at Red Deer; this season he will coach all three at Lethbridge.
Teddy-bear looks aside, Chapman is a brawler. He'll find a way to beat you. People who have never played hockey wonder whether the fights are real, why they happen, and why they can't be legislated out of the game. The simple truth is that they can; it's not fighting that the players enjoy, but winning. Intimidation is a way to win—like tight forechecking, like good goaltending. It's a tool, and as long as it is accepted as part of the game, good coaches and good teams will have it in their arsenal. Chapman has it in his, and he tells a recruiting story on himself that pretty much sums up his philosophy, one he has passed along to all the Sutters.
Chapman visited a prospect at the boy's home to try to persuade the kid to play for Red Deer instead of one of the other teams in the area. The young man had been approached by several other coaches. "Tell me something," the boy asked, "are you a goon coach?"
"What do you mean by that?" Chapman asked, surprised.
"Let me put it this way," said the boy, who was big and strong. "If a coach ever told me to go out on the ice and fight some guy, I'd throw my gloves down and never play for him again."
Chapman nodded, and then he stood up. "Son, you go play wherever you want," he said. "You're the kind of guy I'd rather have playing against me than playing for me." Then he left.
Chapman would rather have the Sutters playing for him. Last season Red Deer was 49-9-2 in the regular season, during which the Rustlers set team scoring and penalty records and participated in six bench-clearing brawls. It's a rough league. They breezed through the playoffs to the Centennial Cup by winning 29 of 32 postseason games. Before the season they were asked by the owner of the team how they wanted to be paid—by the week, by the game, or by the month. "Chappy said the hell with that," says Richie. "He said we'd get $14 for a win, nothing for a loss or tie. It turned out we made more money that way."
And the coach—you see?—got him self another little edge.
Both Ron, who's a center, and Richie, who's a wing, have rangy builds—adolescent, really—so it's difficult to imagine either of them gooning it up. They're boyish and unfailingly polite, and they neither drink nor smoke. But they're Sutters and, already, will do anything to win. Especially Richie. "He's going to be a helluva pro," says Chapman. "He's got jam. He's the toughest of them all for his age." One time last season Richie challenged the entire Calgary bench during warmups, calling the opposing players spoiled rich kids and other, less tactful things. Bill White, the gentlemanly former NHL defense-man, was the Calgary coach, and Chapman recalls that White kept looking over at him to stop the harangue. Finally, White took matters into his own hands, saying to Richie, "Hold on now, son, just settle down."
"And as for you, Coach," Richie said to White in a respectful tone. "You can go...."
The aforementioned brawl during the warmups before the Centennial Cup playoff game was also the result of verbal instigation on Richie's part. "Chappy told me to stick my head in the other team's room before the game and say something," he says. "We were playing Prince Edward Island, so I called them a bunch of fishermen. I said they'd be back tending their nets in the morning."
Playing under Chapman is no great lesson in sportsmanship, but Junior hockey in Canada is very much a business. The point is, you learn how to win. "You talk about leadership," Chapman says with unbridled admiration. "One time between periods I asked Richie if he had anything to say. He's 16, right? He stood up and talked for 15 minutes. Finally he gets around to our goaltender, who's 6'3", and says, 'Bledsoe, you've played like horsebleep all week.' The goalie just says, 'You're right, Richie,' all sheepish. Oh, Richie's a leader."
Louie Sutter is 49, a sinewy man with a hard, farmer's body. He drinks hard and plays hard, and he's a good farmer for many of the same reasons his sons are good hockey players. There's a singleness of purpose about his work. He knows, literally, that he can reap only what he sows, so last year, with Duane's Islanders one game away from clinching the Stanley Cup, Louie refused to be talked into staying on and took a plane from New York back to Edmonton. It was time to plant the oats. "That was more important to him than the Stanley Cup," Torrey says. "You can see where the sons get that...well, whatever you want to call it."
Leo Kelly, owner of the Viking hardware store, remembers the grandfather, too. Old Charles Sutter, who was also a good farmer, if poor. "Anybody who raised 13 children in the dirty '30s had to be pretty good," Kelly says. Kelly recollects that when Charles was in his 60s he knocked out a man half his age for offending him in a bar. And Kelly remembers when Joe Sutter, one of Louie's brothers, challenged the boxing champ from another town. Folks in Viking put their money on Joe, and in the weeks before the fight they would stop over at the farm to make sure Joe was getting in shape. "Sure, I'm getting in shape," Joe would say, and to prove it he'd jump into the pigpen and start whaling on the pigs.
"Well, the night of the fight the other guy decks Joe in the first round," says Kelly. "He's lying there, out, and old Charles goes over and shouts, 'Get up, Joe! Get up!' Joe crawls around trying to get up; he looks like a spider. But he gets up and finishes that fight. He lost, but he finished." Kelly pauses. "You've got to understand the determination," he says—and one sees that it's very important to him that one does, because the Sutters are very much Viking's own. "They're all the same. They get that from being a Sutter.
"I've got one boy who could've played in the NHL like nothing. When he was young, well, he was so far ahead of any of them...." It's the dream of almost every Canadian father to have a son in the NHL, and here's a family that may soon have six. "He could've played in that league like nothing," Kelly concludes, "but he hasn't got any Sutter in him."
ANDY HAYT
The seven Sutter boys are even more at home on the family farm in Alberta than on the rink. Clockwise from top left: Richard, Darryl, Brent, Ron, Gary (a coach, not a player), Duane and Brian.
TWO PHOTOS
Duane's goal against Philly in the final game of the Stanley Cup playoffs made him the toast of the town all summer; here the Islander hoists a tall one with a Viking neighbor, Henry Hafso.
Louie Sutter likes to joke that Chapman (center) is making "goons" of his youngest kids, Twin and Twin—Richard (left) and Ron to the uninitiated.
Darryl's marriage to Wanda Wemp of Viking prompted a Sutter family reunion and gave Brian time to check the condition of the heifers.
Did Louie Sutter, the daddy of the clan, ever say to his wife Grace: "Mama, don't let your babies grow up to be hockey players"? No way.
April 2021 Table of Contents
Full Frame: Michael Phelps Goes Fishing
Who's Trying, Who's Tanking, and Everything Else to Know About This Season

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Submitting data from a form to server is very commmon in the web. If you wish to submit the form data via JQuery .load() method, there are TWO JQuery methods which you may find it handy. There are .serialize() and serializeArray().
Both .serialize() and .serializeArray() collects the values of all successful form controls and encode them, so it can be sent to server.
The difference is .serialize() create a query string and .serializeArray() creates array of name and value objects.
When we apply $("form").serialize() to the form below, it returns a query string as such.
That means, if we pass the result of .serialize(), to .load() method, it will send a HTTP GET to server while .serializeArray() will send HTTP POST to server.
When you click both .serialize() or .serializeArray() button, they both send a request to a simple PHP file.
Here is the JQuery code associated to the two buttons above.


Response: Our main message is that solving the problem of misidentified cells is not just a matter of better protocols or cell line verification, focused on prevention of future contamination. We also need to pay some attention to the research literature that is already out there. A simple expression of concern, stating that different cells were used than reported, can allow expert readers to assess the consequences for an article's findings. As researchers, we should not be afraid to correct our work after publication. Such an act should not be seen as a blemish, but as a show of strength, a commitment to the self-correcting power of science.
Response: Even though problems with misidentified cells have been known for decades, not all researchers show awareness of the issue. We therefore recommend researchers to carefully use the database of misidentified cells when setting up and conducting their experiments and to properly test their cultures before using them. Additionally, we recommend them to use the existing literature with appropriate care and to be aware of the issue of cell misidentification when using citing or building on previous research articles.
Response: We believe journal editors and research funding agencies have a major role to play in tackling the problem of misidentified cells. It would be very useful if a journal would step forward and attempt a reassessment of publications, in cooperation with the original authors of publications. Additionally, To avoid the appearance of new articles based on misidentified cells it would be effective if journals and funding agencies make (genetic) test on cell lines mandatory for newly submitted manuscripts or grant proposals. With the currently available techniques such tests do not have to be very costly nor time-consuming and they seem to be very effective ways in detecting misidentifications. To some extent, these measures have been implemented, but general implementation is far from being reached.
This entry was posted in Author Interviews, PLoS, Stem Cells and tagged HeLa cell, medical literature, medical research by Marie Benz MD FAAD. Bookmark the permalink.


When: Friday, Dec. 1, 8 p.m.
And there is plenty to buzz about at the Whistler Film Festival, with Canadian filmmaking icon Norman Jewison bringing more than four decades of film and television stories to Whistler — including the rock opera hit carried over from Broadway to the big screen under his direction.
The Emmy, Oscar and Academy award toting filmmaker will discuss his life and work at the Tribute to Norman Jewison on Friday, Dec. 1 at 8 p.m. at MY Millennium Place.
Jewison is also president of the jury overseeing the festival's Borsos Award for Best New Canadian Feature. The $15,000 award honours filmmaker Phillip Borsos, best known for his film The Grey Fox .
Jewison also has a lot to give. The early days of his career were spent working with the CBC and CBS. Since then his films have wracked up 46 Oscar nominations and 12 Academy Awards, and he has himself been personally nominated for four Oscars. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1982 and awarded the Companion to the Order of Canada in 1992. He received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award in 2004.
Your Hit Parade, The Andy Williams Show , Judy Garland specials, 40 Pounds of Trouble starring Tony Curtis, The Cincinnati Kid starring Steve McQueen, Agnes of God, Moonstruck, Other People's Money, Rollerball, Only You, The Hurricane, For Richer or Poorer and The Statement are only a few film/television shows to his credit. He also directed big screen versions of Fiddler on the Roof and Jesus Christ Superstar .
In addition to filmmaking, Jewison founded the Canadian Film Centre in 1986. The centre is hosting two workshops as part of the festival's Filmmaker Forum, including low-budget independent filmmaking and a director's master class with Andrew Currie.
Tickets to the tribute are $15.


Data Realty's Northern Indiana data center is strategically located in Ignition Park, South Bend's newest technology park, which includes an exceptional, redundant multimillion dollar power infrastructure. Since opening the Northern Indiana data center, we have not experienced one minor (or major) power disruption.
Our facility was designed by the industry's best data center architects and engineers. Equipped with lower power and operational costs due in part to our water-based cooling system, a geo-redundant grid infrastructure, and a plethora of high-speed fiber, we are an ideal space for colocation of data.
We have not experienced one power outage or interruption since opening; critical data requires 100% uptime.
One of the strongest power infrastructures in the Midwest, featuring multiple layers of redundancy and a grid structure independent of the Chicago metropolitan area.
Serviced by two substations, each of which have a minimum of two 138 kVA feeds.
Some of the lowest power costs in the nation; able to purchase power at an even lower tariff rate because we operate and maintain our own redundant transformers.
Located on the former Studebaker corridor, which left behind a robust and redundant manufacturing power infrastructure.
The facility has a Tier III static UPS power design with 2N redundancy while running at an average PUE of 1.35.
Multiple Caterpillar (CAT) 3512B generators with fuel tested and verified by a third party.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies via Mitsubishi Electrical 9900B Series; 500kVA UPS with a very flat efficiency curve. Ratings of 96.3% at 100% load and even at 10% load, efficiency ratings of 93% are seen.
Starline Track Busway for easy reconfiguration in minutes without losing any uptime.
Low risk for natural and unnatural disasters such as tornados and earthquakes, or coastal threats such as hurricanes.
Designed by the leading architecture firm, ESD, our data center features cutting edge engineering applications to withstand disasters.
One-foot concrete wall surrounding the data suite can withstand a direct hit from an EF4 category tornado.
Fully modular and self-supporting raised Bergvik Iso Flooring system.
Staffed 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
All exterior doors are locked and all entrances are monitored by interior and exterior CCTV with motion activated recordings, and frequent patrols by the City of South Bend police.
Honeywell's Tridium Building Automation System for maintenance planning & organization.
We maintain a pre-approved list of client personnel that can access the data center. All visitors are required to show a valid government issued photo ID to confirm their identity. Authorized clients are then issued a Data Realty visitor badge for access to the data suite.
In compliance with PCI DSS (2.0) for physical security and infrastructure availability, Service Organization Control SOC-2 Type I and Type II, and HIPAA and HITECH standards.
Private "cyber suites" available, consisting of of opaque polycarbonate walls and key-locked doors on the ends of the cabinet footprint.
Data Realty Northern Indiana is located atop the nation's second-largest concentration of transcontinental fiber.
Closely connected to the Chicago NAP, our geographic advantage offers lightning fast connectivity at lower costs than primary markets.
Connecting to Chicago, New York, and beyond, our carrier-neutral facility offers clients access to over 40 global network carriers.
Metronet Zing black fiber provides unprecedented low costs for the last mile of connectivity.
The city of South Bend has a unique mix of electricity, with three hydroelectric dams and only 60% coal usage.
Efficient evaporative condensing technology operate as low as 0.05 Kw per ton, compared to standard chillers at 0.35-0.70 Kw per ton.
Eight 50-ton computer room air handler (CRAH) units powered by dual electrical sources (N+1 redundancy).
Facility was designed with as many sustainable features as possible.
Lamont Long joined the Data Realty team in June 2012 after more than 20 years of experience in overall client facing operations of data center facilities. This includes all relocation and transition services, as well as advanced infrastructure monitoring of client systems located both inside as well as outside of the data center.
His most recent position as Director of Infrastructure and Operations at Crowe Horwath LLP provided him with skills in maintaining and implementing compliance standards for PCI, SOC, and GLBA at a top 10 CPA firm. Prior to Crowe Horwath, Long held senior executive roles at DST Systems, Inc and Baxter International. His work in recruiting, developing, and managing high performance technical staff further enhanced his skillset from earning his MBA at California State University.
In his role as Director of Infrastructure, Operations, and Compliance at Data Realty, Long is responsible for daily operations and information security at our Northern Indiana data center. In this role, he provides project management services for client transition and relocation processes, supervises monitoring of data center systems, and consults with clients on best practices for network infrastructure to maximize business results.
Let us know a little about your data needs, and we will be in touch with you shortly!


text:
Home Academics Advising & Registrar Health Professions Advising Opportunities Summer Programs
Summer is an ideal time to pursue further study, clinical experience, and/or research. Below are programs that would be a good fit for students with pre-health interests.
*Students are encouraged to contact each program directly to identify potential programmatic changes due to COVID-19 restrictions.
Allied Health Career Exploration at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU)
Summer Academic Enrichment Program at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU)
Summer Enrichment and Pipeline Programs To find pre-med summer programs in a specific state, search this list from the Association of American Medical Colleges(AAMC).
National Summer Opportunities for Pre-Health Students Check out this updated list of opportunities for a variety of health care fields from the National Association for Advisors of the Health Professions (NAAHP).
Summer Health Professions Education Program at the University of Washington as well as 12 other institutions across the U.S.
INSIGHT Summer Research Program at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle
Summer Undergraduate Research Program(SURP) at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle
Equity Summer Research Program at Oregon Health and Sciences University
Health Careers Connection Internship
Summer Programs at the National Institutes of Health which includes the Summer Internship Program in Biomedical Research, Biomedical Engineering Summer Internship Program, and the Summer Genetics Institute.
Premedical Urban Leaders Summer Enrichment Program(PULSE) at Cooper Medical School
Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program(SURF) at Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
Health Professions Advanced Summer Scholars Program(Health PASS) at Des Moines University
UCLA Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Enrichment Program
Summer in Biomedical Sciences(SIBS) and Preparation for Graduate and Medical Education(PARAdiGM) at the University of Alabama
Summer Pharmacy Institute at UIC College of Pharmacy
International Service Learning
Regenerative Medicine Summer Internship with the SENS Research Foundation
Academy for Research, Clinical, and Health Equity(ARCHES) Fellowship at George Washington University
Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Gateways to The Laboratory Summer Program for pre-med students interested in pursuing an MD/PhD


text:
Please note that due to a page error, all articles from this section from September 2019 to 19th November 2022 are not available via this page. To access them, click on the tags at the bottom of relevant articles, or view our Instagram or Facebook pages @ImpetusFootball
Taylor and Man City eye up silverware
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/29/taylor-and-man-city-eye-up-silverware/
Leicester City's Aussie recruits can make a difference
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/27/leicester-citys-aussie-recruits-can-make-a-difference/
Is forcing clubs to invest the only way to ensure equal opportunities?
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/26/is-forcing-clubs-to-invest-the-only-way-to-ensure-equal-opportunities/
Skinner: United are ready for Sunderland grit & determination
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/26/skinner-united-are-ready-for-sunderland-grit-determination/
Strong start from Aberystwyth but Cardiff City hit back
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/24/strong-start-from-aberystwyth-but-cardiff-city-hit-back/
Norfolk Weekly Wrap
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/24/norfolk-weekly-wrap-16/
Sunday afternoon at the football in the North-East
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/24/sunday-afternoon-at-the-football-in-the-north-east/
Eastbourne Town v Horsham Sparrows photo gallery
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/24/eastbourne-town-v-horsham-sparrows-photo-gallery/
Dons disappointed by draw at Norwich
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/23/dons-disappointed-by-draw-at-norwich/
Scottish Weekend Review
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/23/scottish-weekend-review-9/
Manchester United announce Riviere signing
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/21/manchester-united-announce-riviere-signing/
Super League Media Conferences
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/20/super-league-media-conferences/
Skinner: Women's team a key focus of Manchester United amidst takeover
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/19/skinner-womens-team-a-key-focus-of-manchester-united-amidst-takeover/
Cup exit for Pride
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/18/cup-exit-for-pride/
Welsh Weekend Wrap
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/17/welsh-weekend-wrap-7/
Last gasp Kerr saves point for Chelsea at Arsenal
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/16/last-gasp-kerr-saves-point-for-chelsea-at-arsenal/
Aston Villa v Tottenham Hotspur Photo Gallery
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/15/aston-villa-v-tottenham-hotspur-photo-gallery/
Eidevall underlines togetherness as Arsenal build for Chelsea clash
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/14/eidevall-underlines-togetherness-as-arsenal-build-for-chelsea-clash/
WSL Media Conferences
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/13/wsl-media-conferences/
Dons delight as Gills added to list of tier three scalps
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/09/dons-delight-as-gills-added-to-list-of-tier-three-scalps/
Eastbourne Borough v Eastbourne Town photo gallery
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/09/eastbourne-borough-v-eastbourne-town-photo-gallery/
Villa announce Jordan Nobbs signing
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/05/villa-announce-jordan-nobbs-signing/
Mid-Season rating of Spurs' summer signings
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/03/mid-season-rating-of-spurs-summer-signings/
End of the year Spurs review
https://impetusfootball.org/2023/01/02/end-of-the-year-spurs-review/
Brighton announce former Bayern chief Scheuer as new Head Coach
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/28/brighton-announce-former-bayern-chief-scheuer-as-new-head-coach/
Scottish Women's Football Pyramid Launched
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/22/scottish-womens-football-pyramid-launched/
Eidevall underlines "Human need" for player rest as fixture calendar grows
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/21/eidevall-underlines-human-need-for-player-rest-as-fixture-calendar-grows/
Checking in with the Haffners
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/20/checking-in-with-the-haffners/
Thomas hat-trick fires Aberystwyth into semis
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/20/thomas-hat-trick-fires-aberystwyth-into-semis/
Skinner: United are out to end Conti Cup run on a high
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/16/skinner-united-are-out-to-end-conti-cup-run-on-a-high/
Poppy Payne & Millwall Lionesses: Pushing For A FAWNL Return
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/13/poppy-payne-millwall-lionesses-pushing-for-a-fawnl-return/
Scottish News Round-Up
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/13/scottish-news-round-up-2/
Aston Villa v Arsenal Photo Gallery
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/13/aston-villa-v-arsenal-photo-gallery/
Manchester Derby ends even at the Etihad
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/12/manchester-derby-ends-even-at-the-etihad/
Eidevall: Arsenal are aware of Villa's "different threats"
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/10/eidevall-arsenal-are-aware-of-villas-different-threats/
Bragging Rights At Stake In Manchester Derby
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/10/bragging-rights-at-stake-in-manchester-derby/
Kayleigh Tonks: Enjoying The Game Again At Moneyfields
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/06/kayleigh-tonks-enjoying-the-game-again-at-moneyfields/
Six Of The Best From Table Topping Lionesses
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/06/six-of-the-best-for-table-topping-lionesses/
Another Hat Trick For Hincks Is Icing On The Birthday Cake
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/05/another-hat-trick-for-hincks-is-icing-on-the-birthday-cake/
City Stay In Touch With The Top Three After Win Over Brighton
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/05/city-stay-in-touch-with-the-top-three-after-win-over-brighton/
Dominant United Light Up The Theatre Of Dreams
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/04/dominant-united-light-up-the-theatre-of-dreams/
Eidevall: Williamson & Souza's Return Is A Boost For Arsenal
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/12/02/eidevall-williamson-souzas-return-is-a-boost-for-arsenal/
Pride At Bounce Back From Cup Exit
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/30/pride-at-bounce-back-from-cup-exit/
Raso Super Show As City Cruise Past Sunderland
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/29/raso-super-show-as-city-cruise-past-sunderland/
Dons Chalk Up Another Cup Win Over Higher League Opposition
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/28/dons-chalk-up-another-cup-win-over-higher-league-opposition/
Super SWPL Weekend Set To Go Off With A Bang
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/25/super-swpl-weekend-set-to-go-off-with-a-bang/
Pride In Cup Defeat
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/23/pride-in-cup-defeat/
Aston Villa v Reading Photo Gallery
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/21/aston-villa-v-reading-photo-gallery/
Capital Win At The Cottage For The Dons
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/21/capital-win-at-the-cottage-for-dons/
Brighton & Hove Albion v Liverpool: The Media Conferences
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/20/__trashed-2/ (note – regardless of web address, this link does work).
United Make Statement In Dramatic Win At Arsenal
https://impetusfootball.org/2022/11/20/united-make-statement-in-dramatic-win-at-arsenal/


"Pretty Little Liars" comes to an end on Tuesday after seven seasons, and People magazine has published the first photos of Aria and Ezra's long-awaited wedding.
Aria and her bridesmaids are all smiles in some of the photos, but it wouldn't be "Pretty Little Liars" without the Liars standing around a cellphone, looking concerned. Caleb even shows up with a frown at what will presumably be a dramatic development.
The "Pretty Little Liars" two-hour series finale will air on Tuesday, followed by an hour-long retrospective featuring interviews with stars Troian Bellisario, Ashley Benson, Lucy Hale, Shay Mitchell and Sasha Pieterse, along with creator I. Marlene King.
The Christian talk show was one of the first on ABC Family -- back when it was known as the Christian Broadcasting Network. It premiered in April 1966 and moved to the network in 1977.
This dramedy about two friends in 1960s North Carolina ran for two seasons on ABC Family when the network was known as Fox Family.
ABC Family relaunched in 2001, adopted a new slogan in 2006 ("A New Kind of Family") and incorporated shows targeted at young adults. Among the first: "Kyle XY," a sci-fi drama about a belly-button-less boy with no memory of his past.
This dramedy follows Cyprus-Rhodes University students who are members of the school's Greek system.
The show, about a high school teenager (Shailene Woodley) who gets pregnant and keeps her baby, is a stark contrast to material from the old days of CBN.
In an effort to be more female-friendly, ABC Family launched this series about teen gymnasts who are working toward competing in the Olympic Games.
One of the top shows in ABC Family's history, "Pretty Little Liars" boasts a solid fan base on social media.
ABC Family is ending "Melissa & Joey" after four seasons, and announced the series finale will air on Aug. 5.
"The Lying Game" -- based on novels by "Pretty Little Liars" author Sara Shepard -- didn't receive the same love as the latter. The teen drama was canceled after two seasons.
"Switched at Birth" follows two teenage girls who were handed off to the wrong parents at birth and raised in two different worlds. The series has four seasons to its name.
Like "Secret Life," "Baby Daddy" features a controversial storyline -- a man in his twenties is handed a baby by a one-night stand and becomes a single father.
Before it was canceled after only one season, "Bunheads" followed a Las Vegas showgirl who spontaneously marries and becomes a teacher at her mother-in-law's ballet school.
The Foster family is comprised of an interracial lesbian couple who are raising adopted and foster children, along with their own.
"Chasing Life" was adapted from the Spanish-language Mexican series "Terminales."
"Young & Hungry," which features Emily Osment as an up-and-coming chef, premiered its second season in March 2015.
The Ryan Seacrest-produced reality series centers on the Lehwald family, whose father has become a transgender woman.


text:
Q: Can i update a customfield in WHMCS with NodeJS? I've tried using
https://www.npmjs.com/package/whmcs
But the function to update the customer details is not explained so good, or maybe because i'm new to programming. The function i'm trying to use is:
updateCustomer: function (clientid, options, callback)
I'm not sure on how to fill the values, clientid i've figured out and made a variable for that.
Please help.. I want to learn this

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Election Day is coming soon in the US. I mean it's tomorrow. So all the best to our American fellows.
In the meantime, enjoy your weekly dose of marketing technology.
Defining what marketing stands for isn't an abstract issue. The way a company defines marketing shapes the scope of its marketing activities.
Data visualisation is important when you want to tell a story. It's also the case in MarTech.
How Shopify approaches holiday marketing and how they strategically help their huge community of businesses find success with content and sales online.


A blog dedicated to the Hair Project, with all the stories collected about hair (in EN) and the documents (books, art work, info, references, web links,…) collected around the same theme of hair during the process of creation of the Hair Jewels.
Documents and stories are tagged according to topic (sociology, economy, religion, gender, politics, history, culture, gender, symbolism,… ), kind of documents (films, documentaries, books, music, other artistic works using hair), kind of hairstyle (dreadlocks, blond, black hair, short,…. ) and geographic area (including community).
The Hair Project consists of 3 interacting parts: the pieces of wearable jewellery including hair, the stories and the blog.


text:
#ifndef FREERTOS_CONFIG_H
#define FREERTOS_CONFIG_H

#include "sdkconfig.h"

/* ESP31 and ESP32 are dualcore processors. */
#ifndef CONFIG_FREERTOS_UNICORE
#define portNUM_PROCESSORS 2
#else
#define portNUM_PROCESSORS 1
#endif

#define XT_USE_THREAD_SAFE_CLIB			0
#define configASSERT_2	0
#define portUSING_MPU_WRAPPERS 0
#define configUSE_MUTEX 1
#undef XT_USE_SWPRI

#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_CORETIMER_0
#define XT_TIMER_INDEX 0
#elif CONFIG_FREERTOS_CORETIMER_1
#define XT_TIMER_INDEX 1
#endif

#define configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS CONFIG_FREERTOS_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS
#define configTHREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_DELETE_CALLBACKS 1

#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__

/**
 * This function is defined to provide a deprecation warning whenever
 * XT_CLOCK_FREQ macro is used.
 * Update the code to use esp_clk_cpu_freq function instead.
 * @return current CPU clock frequency, in Hz
 */
int xt_clock_freq(void) __attribute__((deprecated));

#define XT_CLOCK_FREQ   (xt_clock_freq())

#endif // __ASSEMBLER__

/* Required for configuration-dependent settings */
#include "xtensa_config.h"

/* configASSERT behaviour */
#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__
#include <stdlib.h> /* for abort() */
#include "rom/ets_sys.h"

#if defined(CONFIG_FREERTOS_ASSERT_DISABLE)
#define configASSERT(a) /* assertions disabled */
#elif defined(CONFIG_FREERTOS_ASSERT_FAIL_PRINT_CONTINUE)
#define configASSERT(a) if (!(a)) {                                     \
        ets_printf("%s:%d (%s)- assert failed!\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,  \
                   __FUNCTION__);                                       \
    }
#else /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_ASSERT_FAIL_ABORT */
#define configASSERT(a) if (!(a)) {                                     \
        ets_printf("%s:%d (%s)- assert failed!\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,  \
                   __FUNCTION__);                                       \
        abort();                                                        \
        }
#endif

#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_ASSERT_ON_UNTESTED_FUNCTION
#define UNTESTED_FUNCTION() { ets_printf("Untested FreeRTOS function %s\r\n", __FUNCTION__); configASSERT(false); } while(0)
#else
#define UNTESTED_FUNCTION()
#endif

#endif /* def __ASSEMBLER__ */

/*-----------------------------------------------------------
 * Application specific definitions.
 *
 * These definitions should be adjusted for your particular hardware and
 * application requirements.
 *
 * Note that the default heap size is deliberately kept small so that
 * the build is more likely to succeed for configurations with limited
 * memory.
 *
 * THESE PARAMETERS ARE DESCRIBED WITHIN THE 'CONFIGURATION' SECTION OF THE
 * FreeRTOS API DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE ON THE FreeRTOS.org WEB SITE.
 *----------------------------------------------------------*/

#define configUSE_PREEMPTION			1
#define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK				( CONFIG_FREERTOS_LEGACY_IDLE_HOOK )

#define configUSE_TICK_HOOK				( CONFIG_FREERTOS_LEGACY_TICK_HOOK )

#define configTICK_RATE_HZ				( CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ )

/* Default clock rate for simulator */
//#define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ				80000000

/* This has impact on speed of search for highest priority */
#ifdef SMALL_TEST
#define configMAX_PRIORITIES			( 7 )
#else
#define configMAX_PRIORITIES			( 25 )
#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_ESP32_APPTRACE_ENABLE
#define configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE		768
#else
/* apptrace module requires at least 2KB of stack per task */
#define configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE		2048
#endif

#ifndef configIDLE_TASK_STACK_SIZE
#define configIDLE_TASK_STACK_SIZE CONFIG_FREERTOS_IDLE_TASK_STACKSIZE
#endif

/* The Xtensa port uses a separate interrupt stack. Adjust the stack size */
/* to suit the needs of your specific application.                        */
#ifndef configISR_STACK_SIZE
#define configISR_STACK_SIZE			CONFIG_FREERTOS_ISR_STACKSIZE
#endif

/* Minimal heap size to make sure examples can run on memory limited
   configs. Adjust this to suit your system. */

//We define the heap to span all of the non-statically-allocated shared RAM. ToDo: Make sure there
//is some space left for the app and main cpu when running outside of a thread.
#define configAPPLICATION_ALLOCATED_HEAP 1
#define configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE			(&_heap_end - &_heap_start)//( ( size_t ) (64 * 1024) )

#define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN			( CONFIG_FREERTOS_MAX_TASK_NAME_LEN )

#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TRACE_FACILITY
#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY        1       /* Used by uxTaskGetSystemState(), and other trace facility functions */
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_STATS_FORMATTING_FUNCTIONS
#define configUSE_STATS_FORMATTING_FUNCTIONS    1   /* Used by vTaskList() */
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_GENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS
#define configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS   1       /* Used by vTaskGetRunTimeStats() */
#endif

#define configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY_2      0		/* Provided by Xtensa port patch */
#define configBENCHMARK					0		/* Provided by Xtensa port patch */
#define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS			0
#define configIDLE_SHOULD_YIELD			0
#define configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE		0

#define configUSE_MUTEXES				1
#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES		1
#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES	1

#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_NONE
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW	0
#elif CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_PTRVAL
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW	1
#elif CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_CANARY
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW	2
#endif

/* Co-routine definitions. */
#define configUSE_CO_ROUTINES 			0
#define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES ( 2 )

/* Set the following definitions to 1 to include the API function, or zero
   to exclude the API function. */

#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet			1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet			1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete					1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskCleanUpResources		0
#define INCLUDE_vTaskSuspend				1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelayUntil				1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelay					1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark	1
#define INCLUDE_pcTaskGetTaskName			1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetIdleTaskHandle      1

#define INCLUDE_xSemaphoreGetMutexHolder    1

/* The priority at which the tick interrupt runs.  This should probably be
   kept at 1. */
#define configKERNEL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY		1

/* The maximum interrupt priority from which FreeRTOS.org API functions can
   be called.  Only API functions that end in ...FromISR() can be used within
   interrupts. */
#define configMAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY	XCHAL_EXCM_LEVEL

#define configUSE_NEWLIB_REENTRANT		1

#define configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION    1
#define configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION CONFIG_SUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION

#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__
#if CONFIG_ENABLE_STATIC_TASK_CLEAN_UP_HOOK
extern void vPortCleanUpTCB ( void *pxTCB );
#define portCLEAN_UP_TCB( pxTCB )           vPortCleanUpTCB( pxTCB )
#endif
#endif

/* Test FreeRTOS timers (with timer task) and more. */
/* Some files don't compile if this flag is disabled */
#define configUSE_TIMERS                    1
#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY           CONFIG_TIMER_TASK_PRIORITY
#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH            CONFIG_TIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH
#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH        CONFIG_TIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH

#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall      1
#define INCLUDE_eTaskGetState               1
#define configUSE_QUEUE_SETS                1

#define configXT_BOARD                      1   /* Board mode */
#define configXT_SIMULATOR					0

#define configENABLE_TASK_SNAPSHOT			1

#if CONFIG_SYSVIEW_ENABLE
#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__
#include "SEGGER_SYSVIEW_FreeRTOS.h"
#undef INLINE // to avoid redefinition
#endif /* def __ASSEMBLER__ */
#endif

#endif /* FREERTOS_CONFIG_H */


You'll laugh, you'll cry, and you'll maybe even get some inspo.
Wedding planning can burn out even the most namaste brides-to-be. For the nights when you just want to put away the planners and Netflix 'n chill, snuggle up with your fiancé and watch one of our favorite wedding movies. You'll laugh, you'll cry, and you'll maybe even get some inspo.
Getting married isn't just a big deal for you and your spouse. It brings about big changes for each of your families, too. No movie better encapsulates the madcap nature of throwing a wedding and adjusting to a diminishing nest like Father of the Bride. Not only does Steve Martin's George get surprised by his daughter's engagement — he and his wife Nina, played by Diane Keaton, also have to host the wedding at their home. Bonus: Father of the Bride (1950) — If you're a lover of classic movies, check out the Oscar-nominated original, starring Spencer Tracy as the father and Liz Taylor as his daughter.
So maybe you don't want any strangers showing up to your wedding, guessing the readings during your ceremony (we all know it will be Corinthians), and taking advantage of your cocktail hour and open bar. But you'll definitely want to have the same amount of fun that man-children John (Owen Wilson) and Jeremy (Vince Vaughn) do in Wedding Crashers. Aside from the laughs and gasps, Wedding Crashers has a sweet, romantic undercurrent, making it a great pre-wedding movie for you and your fiancé to take in before you dance to "Shout" at your own rockin' party.
Anyone with a big family knows how, well, challenging they can often be. Sometimes, living up to one's family's expectations can be rough — not to mention what it's like being the in-law or "outsider." My Big Fat Greek Wedding is the ultimate romantic comedy about big families and even bigger emotions.
Weddings are great because they bring together people from all aspects of your life. Childhood friends, your college crew, your work friends, and all those family members come together just to celebrate you. Everyone puts aside their differences and opinions to do what's best for the bride, right? Not so fast. In Bridesmaids, Annie (Kristin Wiig) has some feelings about Helen (Rose Byrne), the new best friend to her childhood BFF Lillian (Maya Rudolph). That's putting it lightly. Bridesmaids, truly one of the top comedies of the last decade, will change your outlook on friendship, Brazilian food, and Wilson Phillips.
When it comes to wedding planning, everybody moves at their own pace. Some couples get hitched right away, while others take time to save some money and wait for the perfect time. Tom (Jason Segel) and Violet (Emily Blunt) take the latter to the extreme. After getting engaged, things keep getting in the way — family, careers, studying — truly testing their commitment to each other. With fun supporting roles from Alison Brie and Chris Pratt, The Five-Year Engagement shows us that it's worth waiting if you're with the right person.
Sometimes you go through your engagement and wedding planning at the same time as your best friends. It can be a blast, but make sure you can actually go to each other's weddings! In Bride Wars, Kate Hudson and Anne Hathaway star as childhood best friends who always wanted their weddings to be just about the same, with each other as their maids of honor. One problem: a clerical error results in their weddings being booked for the same day, at the same place — resulting in the ultimate test of friendship.
"Always a bridesmaid, never the bride." 27 Dresses' main character Jane, played by Katherine Heigl, is the epitome of this quote, having been a bridesmaid for, you guessed it, 27 brides, but remains single herself. Jane gets involved with a writer (James Marsden) who is covering her sister's upcoming wedding, but the writer takes an interest in Jane in more ways than one.
This movie made history as the first major Hollywood production in decades to have a predominantly Asian cast, but it also goes down in our history books as featuring one of the most glamorous and over-the-top weddings ever seen onscreen. The movie (and the bestselling book it's based on) follows Rachel Chu (Constance Wu) as she flies to Singapore with her boyfriend Nick Young (Henry Golding) for his best friend's wedding and finds out that Nick and everybody he grew up with are, in fact, crazy and rich. Drama—and quite a bit of hilarity—ensues.
Sophie Sheridan (Amanda Seyfried) is getting married, and wants her dad to walk her down the aisle. There's only one tiny snag: Her mom Donna (Meryl Streep) doesn't actually know which of three men is her baby daddy. Between the gorgeous Grecian views, the ultra-catchy song and dance numbers, and the unbreakable mother-daughter bond between Donna and Sophie that'll remind you to call your MOB, this is one rom-com that will absolutely have you saying, "Thank You for the Music." And don't forget to add "Dancing Queen" to your reception playlist!
Come for Julia Roberts at the peak of her reign as the queen of '90s rom-coms, stay for a young Cameron Diaz belting out "I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself" in what may be the most endearingly cringeworthy karaoke session of all time. It's all part of Julianne's (Roberts) plan to sabotage her best friend Michael's (Dermot Mulroney) engagement to Kimberly (Diaz), since she's only just realized she's been in love with Michael for years. It's a recipe for disaster, all culminating in a dramatic car chase and at least one damaged relationship (but no spoilers here!).
It's a classic love story: Boy works for girl; Girl needs a green card marriage to stay in the U.S.; Boy begrudgingly agrees to marry his demanding boss, but only on the condition that he gets a promotion. Of course, it's not that simple, and as Margaret (Sandra Bullock) and Andrew (Ryan Reynolds) get to know each other better in the lead-up to their shotgun wedding at Andrew's parents' home in Alaska, it's only inevitable that they end up catching feelings.
Four troublemakers with a reputation for causing scenes everywhere they go travel to Hawaii as double dates for the boys' sister's wedding—what could go wrong? A lot, apparently, as Zac Efron, Adam DeVine, Anna Kendrick, and Aubrey Plaza's increasingly ridiculous antics prove. It's like The Hangover, if everyone stayed conscious for the wild night, or Wedding Crashers, if the crashers were actually formally invited to the wedding. Let this movie offer you some comedic relief—and an exact example of how you don't want your wedding to go.


Help: This page serves to display overall, home, away, form and other Hockey tables relating to Germany Cup 2018 which is sorted in World category of BetExplorer sports stats service. Apart from Hockey tables, statistics and results, you can see archive odds of previous games in Germany Cup 2018. The tabs on top of page let you see complete results of Germany Cup 2018, fixtures and league stats informing of trends for the whole competition. Use Hockey item in the main navigation to browse through other Hockey leagues and to find more competitions from World category, including history results, tables and statistics.


Campaign #66: Lori Berman in FL!
Lori Berman in Florida is our 66th campaign!
If it's Tuesday, it's another state legislative Special Election precipitated by a scandal-driven resignation. This time we return to Florida for a State Senate vacancy. This is already a blue district. But, with turnout for these special elections being so unpredictable, we don't want to become complacent. After all, that's part of the reason so many red seats have been able to be flipped blue. Here's who we will be writing for in our 66th Postcards to Voters campaign to keep FL SD-31 blue.
Lori Berman is currently serving her 7th year as State Representative. She is a lifelong, loyal Democrat who has not shied away from progressive policies.
Lori is the Democratic Floor Leader and was one of only a handful of legislators to score 100% on the "People First Report Card" measuring legislative votes that put the interest of people over the powerful. She has a strong record of standing up for a woman's right to choose, pushing for common sense gun violence prevention measures, advocating for traditional public schools, expanding access to high quality healthcare, and fighting for seniors.
Remember, this is already a blue seat. If everyone writes just 5 postcards, we can handily remind every single Democratic voter in the district so that turnout is as strong as it can be. Thanks!
Prev Campaign #65: Jamie Spotts in WI!
Next Campaign #67: Tracy Freese in IA!


text:
Heritage Day Compilation
September 21, 2017 Gender
This week, in recognition of Heritage Day on 24th September, Womanity Women-in-Unity presents a compilation featuring three guests who discuss heritage and the contribution of arts and culture to society. First we hear from Professor Natasha Erlank, who is an historian at the University of Johannesburg; we discuss some historic moments of importance for women and how history transitions into heritage. Next, Professor Nombeko Mpako, the Acting Director of The School of Arts at the University of South Africa and Chairperson of Department of Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology, talks about the the role of art education in youth development and concludes with an overview of some of South Africa's successful female artists. Lastly, multi award winning singer, composer and performer Dr. Sibongile Khumalo, who is a practitioner of the Arts, addresses contributions of the arts towards humanity; emphasising cultural, social and educational contexts. Tune in for more…
https://media.blubrry.com/womanity/content.blubrry.com/womanity/epi_477070_medium.m4a
2023 New Year: Women in Leadership: Reach for the Stars
Miss South Africa 2022 – Ndavi Nokeri – Inspiring, Empowering & Authentic
Advocate Mikateko Joyce Maluleke – Director General of the Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities
International Women's Day – Gender Equality Part 3
International Women's Day Gender Equality – Part 2
Miss South Africa 2020 – Shudufhadzo Musida
Inspiring Words from 2020
Gender Equality: Past, Present & Future
Professor Anita Bosch – University of Stellenbosch Business School & USB Research Chair dedicated to the study of women at work
Former Deputy Minister of Defence and Deputy Minister of Health – Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge


So do drones have a future in orienteering mapping?
Without going into all the details, drones will have the capability to fly "autonomously" wherever you want them to go. If you don't have a commercial licence to operate a drone, they need to remain "in sight" which may be a problem for bush maps but not for most park maps/school maps etc. On board the drone you can have everything you need for mapping: a GPS (although down under it's not as accurate as in Europe etc), a high resolution camera, laser sensors, etc. There is already software to analyse the data and produce high quality LiDAR data.
How long will it be before this technology is available to us minions down under? Apart from price, I think there are a few more hurdles to be overcome before we can launch these devices into the sky to make maps for us. The first is safety. The aviation regulators in Australia are not as enlightened (or foolhardy) as their Kiwi counterparts, but have just launched some new rules for drone use. They seem to allow fairly relaxed "amateur" use. But I used to work for CASA and I know there are a few grey areas which could catch us out. One such area is safety …. even if you abide by the rules, the onus is still on the operator to do their own risk assessment and take steps to avoid anything going wrong. And most low cost drones certainly do go wrong … when the battery dies or it's attacked by a disgruntled bird, they don't gracefully glide to the ground like a plane … they plummet with enough energy to do serious damage to unprotected humans.
Another grey area is the definition of "commercial" use … which they say does not necessarily mean "for profit" … making maps for a third party may well qualify as commercial use and, if so, the rules are much tougher. So, I'm not in a hurry to buy a drone and try it out … yet.
I have already tried to use a drone to help make a map. One of my local schools had just obtained a drone (apparently it is now in the curriculum to let kids program them and see what they can do) so I asked the teacher to send me some photos from his drone flights.
We are not allowed to fly drones over the top of the school (where it could crash) but it is possible to take photos from adjacent playing fields etc (as long as they aren't full of kids). From the low altitudes allowed, we got several excellent quality "oblique" photos of the school buildings. Without sophisticated software to "rubberise" (to use an OCAD term) the imagery it is not yet possible to use as a background map, but I found it extremely useful to complement the usual satellite or standard "aerial photography" we use for making base maps.
That latter aerial imagery only shows roof lines and ground detail that is often obscured by trees and shadows. However, the oblique drone photography was able to provide views "under" the roof lines and trees, enabling me to produce an almost perfect base map with much more detail than the overhead imagery. Have a look at the above photo (drone from north, looking south) and you should see what I mean … it's possible to see a lot more detail, especially "under" the roof lines.
Any feedback and further information most welcome … before I decide which wheelchair to buy!


Cariplo Foundation assigned 250.000 euro to support this project, on the scientific responsibility of Doct. Monica Nizzardo, young researcher of "Centro Dino Ferrari" at University of Milan.
This is a two-year project, started in october 2016, involving young researchers team and Neurologist equipe, including Prof. Corti and Prof. Comi at IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.
SMARD1 is characterized by motor neuron (MNs) degeneration, muscular atrophy, weakness and respiratory impairment which directly lead to death in childhood. Respiratory distress usually occurs within the first year of life, initially with distal, and later generalized, muscle weakness leading to early degeneration of spinal cord MNs and muscular atrophy. To date, no effective cure is available for SMARD1 and few research programs focus on analyzing the pathological mechanisms underlying the pathology. The disease results from loss of function mutations in the gene encoding immunoglobulin μ-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2), which seems to be involved in RNA processing regulation, even if its specific functions and the reasons for selective MN death are still largely unknown. We have already reported that MNs degeneration was completely rescued by transgenic expression of wild-type IGHMBP2 both in vitro and in vivo (Link).
Recent studies showed that defects in RNA metabolic pathways are responsible for neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, several mutations in genes involved in pre-RNA, transfer RNA metabolism, RNA stability and protein translation have been linked to motor neuron disorders.
This project aims to support neurological research attempting to understand the molecular basis of MN degeneration. We will study molecular pathways involved in SMARD1 pathogenesis in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. In particular, we will focus on assessing the pathogenic role of transfer RNA and p53 pathways in SMARD1 to discover potential targets suitable for gene therapy or pharmacological treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo SMARD1 disease models, well established in our Lab, will be used. As in vivo model we will use the neuromuscular degeneration mouse model, which harbours a spontaneous homozygous mutation in the Ighmbp2 gene and develops a phenotype resembling the human disease. However, until now, since all preclinical studies on SMARD1 have been performed exclusively in the mouse model, in this project we will use a human model exploiting our experience in the stem cell field, particularly in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Indeed, we have already successfully generated iPSCs from patients and unaffected subjects, demonstrating that these cells can differentiate into MNs which are the disease-affected cells.
We are confident that this project will have a significant impact on the neuroscience field by providing better knowledge of disease pathogenesis, with the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets and leading to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for SMARD1.
The objective of our project is to investigate a mechanistic link between transfer RNAs (tRNAs), p53 pathways deregulation and the progressive loss of MNs both in our in vitro and in vivo disease models and to identify potential related therapeutic targets.
TRNAs are the most abundant small noncoding RNAs in cells which arrive at maturity and functionality after a series of splicing events particularly crucial in neurons and MNs. In pathological conditions, it is known that the alteration in tRNA processing leads to tRNA-derived fragments accumulation, even if its contribution to the pathogenesis remain to be assessed. Moreover, biochemical investigations showed that IGHMBP2 associates physically with tRNAs and other components of the translational machinery. Here, we will analyze the presence and the pathogenetic role of tRNA fragments accumulation in SMARD1 iPSC-derived MNs. Finally, we will investigate whether these alterations are rescued in MNs derived from iPSCs genetically corrected with wild-type IGHMBP2 gene.
The related accumulation of tRNA fragments derived from aberrant tRNA processing sensitize cells to oxidative stress linked to p53 protein pathway and to the resulting cell death. Indeed, p53 is widely involved in neuronal death in response to different forms of acute insults.
Here, we aim to investigate the involvement of p53 protein in selective MNs death, assaying p53 pathway activation in SMARD1 MNs. Furthermore, we will investigate whether these alterations are rescued in MNs derived from iPSCs genetically corrected with wild-type IGHMBP2 gene. Finally, we will modulate p53 in vitro to evaluate it as potential therapeutic target.
The most promising molecular targets among tRNA and p53 pathways will be tested in vivo.
In particular, we will overexpress or downregulate in the nmd mice the pathways found implicated in the disease pathogenesis in AIM 1 and 2. Any modification of the pathological phenotype after the treatment will be assessed. This aim will lead to the validation of novel potential therapeutic targets for SMARD1.
One of the main goal of the Research supported by Cariplo is the interaction between science world and civil society. Therefore, our project includes a defined and detailed dissemination program that is described in this session.
Our dissemination plan is designed according to Responsible Research and Innovation Principles (RRI). During the course of the project we aim to engage the public society establishing an exchange relationship, to increase scientific results availability, to provide formal and informal scientific education for young people and to take into account ethic matter in every steps of our research.
Our results will be submitted to internationally peer-reviewed journals, whenever possible we will publish under open access license in order to further increase the dissemination and the use of scientific results by all the scientific audience.
Since we will use human cells derived from patients, our lab obtained ethical approval and patient signed informed Consents related to human biological samples use for research. We will fully validate our strategy first in cell culture, and subsequently in our murine models. We will not use animal models until the in vitro data are highly successful. The in vivo part of the project has been already approved from the specific university committee and from Ministry of Health.
We identified three specific target: scientific community, patient and their families, and civil society (in particular children and families). The activities, the tools and the language will be defined in order to be appropriate for the chosen specific target.
The aim is to fill the gap between science and society making research more concrete, simpler and available and will be focused on involving society in the real life of young researchers. In particular, our activities will be addressed to families with the participation to "Notte dei ricercatori" and young people creating a facebook page. We will attend to "Giornata delle Malattie Rare 2018" with a special activity planned for children of primary and pre-school.
To make our project and deliverables available, we will publish online on the Web Portal of Centro Dino Ferrari, a University Research Centre that already supports us.
First we want to make them aware about the existence of the funded project. The interaction with patients and their family aims to establish a continuous dialog either for planning activities together or for discussing needs and obstacles.
Since SMARD1 is a rare disorder, one of the issues is to obtain biological material from patients. Thanks to the nation and international patients that we will reach with the dissemination program we expect to overcome this issues. During Famiglie SMA meetings and exchanges, we will present the scientific progress of our research and of other international groups and we will obtain a feedback from patients and their families to collect useful information that can help us to modify the research and most importantly the dissemination plan according to their needs.
The aim consists in sharing project's results and integrating different knowledge to promote collaboration among organizations of the same research field. "Young researchers network" foundation and activities will be posted in the university of Milan homepage and public talks about the specific project updates within departmental seminar program will be organized. Project results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals (open access) and presented in national and international congresses. During scientific dissemination activities we expect to create new collaborations and to exploit the idea coming from Meeting and discussion to improve our ongoing project.
Overall we expect also to sensitize the whole community towards the existence of this rare disease and the missing of a cure and of a proper assistance, hopefully increasing fundraising for Research and Patients Assistance.


text:
.. _next-step:

Operators and Algorithms
========================

Before starting with complex algorithms, we will see some basics of DEAP.
First, we will start by creating simple individuals (as seen in the
:ref:`creating-types` tutorial) and make them interact with each other using
different operators. Afterwards, we will learn how to use the algorithms and
other tools.

A First Individual
------------------

First import the required modules and register the different functions required to create individuals that are lists of floats with a minimizing two objectives fitness.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 2-16

    The first individual can now be built by adding the appropriate line to the script.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 18

    Printing the individual ``ind1`` and checking if its fitness is valid will give something like this

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 20-21

    The individual is printed as its base class representation (here a list) and the fitness is invalid because it contains no values.

Evaluation
----------

The evaluation is the most personal part of an evolutionary algorithm, it is
the only part of the library that you must write yourself. A typical
evaluation function takes one individual as argument and returns its fitness as
a :class:`tuple`. As shown in the in the :ref:`core` section, a fitness is a list of floating point values and has a
property :attr:`~deap.base.Fitness.valid` to know if this individual shall be re-evaluated. The
fitness is set by setting the :attr:`~deap.base.Fitness.values` to the
associated :class:`tuple`. For example, the following evaluates the previously created individual ``ind1`` and assigns its fitness to the corresponding values.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 24-32

    Dealing with single objective fitness is not different, the evaluation function **must** return a tuple because single-objective is treated as a special case of multi-objective.

Mutation
--------
The next kind of operator that we will present is the mutation operator.
There is a variety of mutation operators in the :mod:`deap.tools` module.
Each mutation has its own characteristics and may be applied to different types
of individuals. Be careful to read the documentation of the selected operator
in order to avoid undesirable behaviour.

The general rule for mutation operators is that they **only** mutate, this
means that an independent copy must be made prior to mutating the individual
if the original individual has to be kept or is a *reference* to another individual (see the selection operator).

In order to apply a mutation (here a gaussian mutation) on the individual ``ind1``,
simply apply the desired function.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 35-37

    The fitness' values are deleted because they're not related to the individual anymore. As stated above, the mutation does mutate and only mutate an individual it is neither responsible of invalidating the fitness nor anything else. The following shows that ``ind2`` and ``mutant`` are in fact the same individual.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 39-40

Crossover
---------

The second kind of operator that we will present is the crossover operator.
There is a variety of crossover operators in the :mod:`deap.tools` module.
Each crossover has its own characteristics and may be applied to different types
of individuals. Be careful to read the documentation of the selected operator
in order to avoid undesirable behaviour.

The general rule for crossover operators is that they **only** mate individuals, this
means that an independent copies must be made prior to mating the individuals
if the original individuals have to be kept or are *references* to other
individuals (see the selection operator).

Lets apply a crossover operation to produce the two children that are cloned beforehand.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 43-46

.. note::

	Just as a remark on the language, the form ``toolbox.clone([ind1, ind2])``
	cannot be used because if ``ind1`` and ``ind2`` are referring to the same
	location in memory (the same individual) there will be a single independent
	copy of the individual and the second one will be a reference to this same
	independent copy. This is caused by the mechanism that prevents recursive
	loops. The first time the individual is seen, it is put in the "memo"
	dictionary, the next time it is seen the deep copy stops for that object
	and puts a reference to that previously created deep copy. Care should be
	taken when deep copying containers.

Selection
---------

Selection is made among a population by the selection operators that are
available in the :mod:`deap.tools` module. The selection operator usually
takes as first argument an iterable container of individuals and the number of
individuals to select. It returns a list containing the references to the
selected individuals. The selection is made as follow.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 49-50

.. warning:: It is **very** important here to note that the selection
operators does not duplicate any individual during the selection process.
   If an individual is selected twice and one of either object is modified,
   the other will also be modified. Only a reference to the individual is
   copied. Just like every other operator it selects and only selects.

Usually duplication of the entire population will be made after selection or
before variation.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_next_step.py
:lines: 56-57

Using the Toolbox
-----------------

The toolbox is intended to contain all the evolutionary tools, from the object
initializers to the evaluation operator. It allows easy configuration of each
algorithm. The toolbox has basically two methods,
:meth:`~deap.toolbox.Toolbox.register` and
:meth:`~deap.toolbox.Toolbox.unregister`, that are used to add or remove tools
from the toolbox.

This part of the tutorial will focus on registration of the evolutionary tools
in the toolbox rather than the initialization tools. The usual names for the
evolutionary tools are :func:`~deap.mate`, :func:`~deap.mutate`,
:func:`~deap.evaluate` and :func:`~deap.select`, however, any name can be
registered as long as it is unique. Here is how they are registered in the
toolbox.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_6_using_the_toolbox.py
:lines: 2-8,10-15

    Using the toolbox for registering tools helps keeping the rest of the
    algorithms independent from the operator set. Using this scheme makes it very
    easy to locate and change any tool in the toolbox if needed.

.. _using-tools:

Using the Tools
+++++++++++++++
When building evolutionary algorithms the toolbox is used to contain the
operators, which are called using their generic name. For example, here is a
very simple generational evolutionary algorithm.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_6_using_the_toolbox.py
:lines: 30-

    This is a complete algorithm. It is generic enough to accept any kind of
    individual and any operator, as long as the operators are suitable for the
    chosen individual type. As shown in the last example, the usage of the toolbox
    allows to write algorithms that are as close as possible to pseudo code.
    Now it is up to you to write and experiment on your own.

Tool Decoration
+++++++++++++++
Tool decoration is a very powerful feature that helps to control very precise
things during an evolution without changing anything in the algorithm or
operators. A decorator is a wrapper that is called instead of a function. It
is asked to make some initialization and termination work before and after the
actual function is called. For example, in the case of a constrained domain,
one can apply a decorator to the mutation and crossover in order to keep any
individual from being out-of-bound. The following defines a decorator that
checks if any attribute in the list is out-of-bound and clips it if this is the
case. The decorator is defined using three functions in order to receive the
*min* and *max* arguments. Whenever the mutation or crossover is called,
bounds will be checked on the resulting individuals.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_6_2_tool_decoration.py
:lines: 8-

    This will work on crossover and mutation because both return a tuple of
    individuals. The mutation is often considered to return a single individual
    but again like for the evaluation, the single individual case is a special
    case of the multiple individual case.

|more| For more information on decorators, see
`Introduction to Python Decorators <http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=240808>`_
and `Python Decorator Libary <http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary>`_.

Variations
----------
Variations allow to build simple algorithms using predefined small building blocks. In
order to use a variation, the toolbox must be set to contain the required
operators. For example in the lastly presented complete algorithm, the
crossover and mutation are regrouped in the :func:`~deap.algorithms.varAnd`
function, this function requires the toolbox to contain the :func:`~deap.mate`
and :func:`~deap.mutate` functions. This variation can be used to simplify
the writing of an algorithm as follows.

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_7_variations.py
:lines: 33-

    This last example shows that using the variations makes it straight forward to
    build algorithms that are very close to pseudo code.

Algorithms
----------
There are several algorithms implemented in the :mod:`~deap.algorithms` module.
They are very simple and
reflect the basic types of evolutionary algorithms present in the literature.
The algorithms use a :class:`~deap.base.Toolbox` as defined in the last
sections. In order to setup a toolbox for an algorithm, you must register the
desired operators under the specified names, refer to the documentation of the
selected algorithm for more details. Once the toolbox is ready, it is time to
launch the algorithm. The simple evolutionary algorithm takes 5 arguments, a
*population*, a *toolbox*, a probability of mating each individual at each
generation (*cxpb*), a probability of mutating each individual at each
generation (*mutpb*) and a number of generations to accomplish (*ngen*).

.. literalinclude:: /code/tutorials/part_3/3_8_algorithms.py
:lines: 33-

    The best way to understand what the simple evolutionary algorithm does, is to
    take a look at the documentation or the source code.

    Now that you built your own evolutionary algorithm in python, you are welcome
    to gives us feedback and appreciation. We would also really like to hear about
    your project and success stories with DEAP.

.. |more| image:: /_images/more.png
:align: middle
          :alt: more info


text:
Start Submission
Reading: Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank
Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank
Simon Faulkner
Manchester Metropolitan University, GB
This article addresses relationships between images and demonstrations in the occupied West Bank. The discussion begins with a semi-anecdotal account of a demonstration in
the Palestinian village of Kafr Qaddum in 2013 that enables an initial consideration of different ways that images and image-making have a role within such a context. The discussion then addresses ideas articulated by Hans Belting (2011) in his book An Anthropology of Images as a means of further understanding these relations between images and demonstrations. This is followed by a discussion of Kevin DeLuca's conception of demonstrations as 'image events' in relation to Belting's suggestion that images are nomadic and travel from one medium and context to another. This concern with how images travel to and through demonstrations shifts the focus of discussion away from the documentary role of lens-based images in this context. Instead, emphasis is placed upon the reproduction of images across media and over time. The article concludes by addressing two demonstrations that occurred in 2010 in the village of Bil'in, which is well known for the creativeness and theatricality of its resistance to the construction of the West Bank Barrier on village land.
Keywords: Images, Demonstrations, West Bank, Images as nomads, Image events
How to Cite: Faulkner, S., 2013. Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank. JOMEC Journal, (4), p.None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Published on 02 Nov 2013.
Faulkner, S., 2013. Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank. JOMEC Journal, (4), p.None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Faulkner S. Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank. JOMEC Journal. 2013;(4):None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Faulkner, S. (2013). Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank. JOMEC Journal, (4), None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Faulkner S, 'Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank' (2013) JOMEC Journal None DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Faulkner, Simon. 2013. "Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank". JOMEC Journal (4): None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Faulkner, Simon. "Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank". JOMEC Journal no. 4 (2013): None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Faulkner, S.. "Images and Demonstrations in the Occupied West Bank". JOMEC Journal, no. 4, 2013, p. None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18573/j.2013.10254
Published by Cardiff University Press