[S11] Find A Grave, (www.findagrave.com), 27 Feb 2015.
[S46] United States Census, 1880, (FamilySearch), 27 Feb 2015.
[S40] United States Census, 1900, (FamilySearch), 27 Feb 2015.
[S55] United States Census, 1910, (FamilySearch), 27 Feb 2015.


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Capitalism's Running Out Of Water — And Everything Else
Kevin Carson | @KevinCarson1 | Support this author on Patreon | March 4th, 2014
California is in its third year of a severe drought. Some scientists believe this will be the driest year in the last five hundred. Among other measures for dealing with the water shortage, the state has announced it will not provide subsidized irrigation water from dams this year.
The large-scale capitalist agriculture model touted by Norman Borlaug devotees (like Reason magazine's Ron Bailey) is based on so-called "Green Revolution" seeds. These selectively bred seeds — "high yield varieties" — produce considerably higher output than traditional varieties, but also require much higher inputs of irrigation water and chemical fertilizer to produce those outputs. For this reason, corporate agribusiness critic Frances Moore Lappe prefers to call them "high response varieties." They are far less hardy than traditional varieties — particularly those developed over the centuries by native populations to suit local conditions in the Third World — in the face of drought and other marginal environmental conditions.
As such, they are suitable primarily for large-scale, export-oriented cash crop operations — the sort which are carried on mainly on land stolen from former peasant cultivators and enclosed into giant plantations by local landed oligarchies in collusion with transnational agribusiness corporations. They require large-scale inputs of subsidized water — the kind which tends to be directed disproportionately to large agribusiness operations on such land.
Meanwhile, state-subsidized and -protected fracking operations require billions of gallons of water, depleting aquifers in some of the most drought-stricken areas like California and Texas. And to top everything off, government subsidies to fossil fuel production and long-distance transportation (like the cross-country shipping of subsidized agribusiness produce from California) encourage the generation of the greenhouse gases that contribute to the drought.
The same principle is at work behind a wide spectrum of resource-input crises. Market prices, when free from subsidies and other distortions, are a sort of feedback system that tells those consuming an input the real cost of providing it. Artificially lowering the price sends distorted signals to the consumer — much like holding a candle under your household thermostat and winding up freezing.
Corporate capitalism is built on subsidized inputs, and profitable in large part because of them. It achieved growth in the 20th century through the extensive addition of subsidized inputs, like subsidized fossil fuels and large tracts of cheap land previously preempted (stolen) by the state, rather than the intensive approach of using existing inputs more efficiently.
A basic law of economics is that when you subsidize an input, people tend to use more of it. And businesses will tend to substitute that artificially cheap input for other inputs. The distorted price system gives an artificial advantage to firms most heavily dependent on that input. For example, subsidies to long-distance shipping infrastructure tend to benefit the firms with the largest market areas and the largest-scale production facilities shipping their output the furthest distance. It makes them artificially competitive against smaller, more localized — and more efficient — forms of production. It creates artificial economies of scale at levels where they would otherwise have leveled off, leading to an economy of artificially large firms serving centralized markets.
At the same time, such responses to the availability of inputs at less than the cost of providing them means demand for them outstrips the government's ability to provide them. The state exhausts its fiscal resources trying to keep up with demand, and when it reaches fiscal exhaustion, businesses most heavily reliant on the subsidized inputs hit the wall of resource depletion and spiking input prices.
So we see subsidies to superhighways and airports generating further demand for them, and the building of new local freeway systems to "relieve congestion" generating even more congestion, leading to a situation where the state is fiscally exhausted, demand outstrips supply, and the need for maintenance of existing highways and bridges is four times the revenue appropriated to fix them. And we see giant, inefficient agribusiness operations that are heavily dependent on water, using up the water till there's no more.
The end result is that this model of state-subsidized capitalism has built-in crisis tendencies which will destroy it. That means a radical relocalization of manufacturing and agriculture, and a radical shortening of supply and distribution chains, and small producers that make efficient use of resources. The current model of corporate capitalism, allied with the state, far from being a natural or inevitable state of affairs, is a historical epoch with a beginning and an end. It's digging its own grave.
Citations to this article:
Kevin Carson, Capitalism's Running out of Water — and Everything Else, Easley, South Carolina Progress, 03/06/14
capitalism, corporate, corporate state, counter-economics, counter-power, democracy, economic development, exploitation, hierarchy, Markets Not Capitalism, matrix reality, politics, state,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Learning & teaching tool: Evaluating student experience in industry projects.
SEE and CLTAD have developed a teaching tool for evaluating students' engagement in industry projects.
This tool can help course teams to evaluate the impact of industry projects, enhance enterprise and employability and also inform curriculum design and learning and teaching strategies on how to measure student experience.


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Fencor 'Team 1989'
The Fencor 1989 age group is one of the most successful in the history of AAU basketball. Starting at the age of 10 years old, the Fencor team won 3 AAU national championships, two times finished second and finished third once. It won 7 Middle Atlantic championships and lost only one game. They also finished second at the prestigious End of the Trail tournament in Oregon and won the Boo Williams Tournament in the silver division.
'Some' of those players included Elena Delle Donne (WNBA Rookie of the Year), Caroline Doty (two-time national champion at UConn), Lindsay Kimmel (Villanova), Shannon Ferguson (Rider), Erin Edwards (Navy), Michele Brokans (UMBC, now coach at Eastern U.), Renee Womack (Penn State), Rosie Tarnowski (Washington State), Colleen Magarity (three-time NCAA lax champ at Northwestern), Christine Matera (Harvard), Chelsea Shine (Virginia), Sarah Acker (St. Joseph's, Delaware), Hanna Halteman (N.C. State) and Colleen Christian (USP).
For further information on the team, you can go to http://www.eteamz.com/Fencor1989/
Fencor History – Moments In Our Proud Past
Elena Delle Donne (7 year Fencor player from Ursuline Academy) was named High School Co-Player of the Year.
Team 15 Green – 3rd Place Division I – 2008
Team 10 & Under Winners of the 2007 Charlie Smith Memorial Tournament
2004 Championship by Keith Prince, The News Star July 23, 2004
Thrice Is Nice by James D. Horne, The Leaf-Chronicle, July 28, 2005


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Icahn reiterates Mylan offer
Billionaire investor, Carl Icahn, has reiterated his offer to buy generics firm, Mylan Laboratories, for $20 per share.
He originally proposed to buy Mylan back in November last year [[22/11/04b]], in retaliation to the firm's attempts to purchase King Pharmaceuticals for $4 billion, which Mr Icahn deemed an "egregious mistake" [[27/07/04d]]. The proposed King deal was terminated in February after the firms failed to agree on a revised transaction [[28/02/05b]], having been thrown into jeopardy with King's restatement of its financial results [[29/10/04b]].
In a letter to the Mylan board of directors, Mr Icahn said that he remained "baffled" by the firm's failure to engage in acquisition discussions, and repeated that he was available to discuss his $20 per share proposal. He noted that Mylan's chief executive, Robert Coury, said in a March conference call that he "would not rule out… any opportunities," adding that he was shocked that talks between him and the firm had still not taken place.
"We believe that Mylan's management should let the shareholders decide whether they desire to accept $20 per share. It is incumbent on Mylan's board to pursue our proposal and not continue to ignore an opportunity to provide shareholders with the benefits it would provide. We urge you to seize this opportunity for shareholders now, as we remain concerned that, under current management, Mylan will suffer additional deterioration in its business," the letter stated, adding: "We are also concerned that rather than seeking an open sale process for Mylan, the board may once again pursue an ill-advised transaction that may have a negative impact on Mylan's business and as a result make Mylan a less attractive acquisition candidate."
http://www.mylan.com


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The Future of Optical Sensors in Robotic Hands
By Sarah MooreSep 24 2019
Phonlamai Photo / Shutterstock
In 2015, researchers at Carnegie Melon University and researchers at Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Corp., along with support from NASA, developed a three-fingered robotic hand with fiber optic sensors embedded into the soft robotic skin. A total of 14 fibre optic sensors were incorporated into the robotic hand with the capability of detect force of contact of as little as less than a tenth of a newton. The sensors allow the hand to determine where its fingertips are and feeds back information on contact. The team also developed a new kind of stretchable optic sensor that would, in theory, be embedded into the robotic skin in order to provide an even greater level of feedback.
What's important about this advancement in robotic hand technology is that it brings them one step closer to mimicking the qualities of human hands. There are thousands of tactile sensory units in just one human fingertip, but in contrast, NASA's most state-of-the-art humanoid robot only has 42 sensors in total in its hand and wrist. The highly sensitive sensory system in the human hand allows it to behave in uniquely important ways. It allows us to react rapidly and safely to unexpected stimuli, while it allows us to be dextrous and accomplish tasks that require intricate, coordinated hand movements. In a very basic view, it also allows us to handle 3D objects appropriately, we can adjust our grip and grasp to execute precise manipulation.
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Exploration of the Sun's Spectrum
While industrial robots require only a limited number of sensors to carry out their jobs, there is a need to develop a different breed of robots that can routinely and safely interact with humans. These robots will require increased tactile attention and sensitivity, meaning numerous sensors incorporated into soft robotic skin.
Fiber optics are the future for giving robotic hands increased sensitivity. Alternative methods of increasing robotic sensitivity have too many drawbacks to make them feasible. A greater number of conventional pressure or force sensors could be incorporated within a robotic hand, but this would lead to problems such as interference from the electromagnetic devices incorporated into the robot. In addition, they are also prone to breaking. Fiber optics overcome both these issues, as a single optical fiber can comfortably contain multiple sensors, is impervious to electromagnetic interference, and is durable and resistant to breakage.
The sensors used by the Carnegie team work by measuring the shift in the wavelength of light that is reflected by the optical fiber in order to measure strain. The new sensors that the team developed aimed to overcome the limitations of conventional optical sensors that are not very flexible. Even the most flexible of them only stretch 20-25%, which is a problem when applying them successfully to a robotic hand that requires a range of complex movements.
Working alongside researchers at the University of Texas, the Carnegie team was able to invent a flexible, highly stretchable sensor from silicon rubbers. The innovative sensors incorporate reflective gold into the soft waveguides, and when the silicon is stretched, cracks appear in this reflective layer and light can escape. This loss of light is then measured, and a calculation of strain or other deformations is possible.
Recently, a team at Cornell University made advancements in this direction. In 2016, following on from the developments at Carnegie Melon, the team created curvature, elongation and force sensors using stretchable optical waveguides in a soft robotic hand.
The path for the future of robotic hands is clear, developments in fiber optic sensors is certain to open the possibility to creating humanoid robots with the capabilities of fine motor skills and a high sensitivity to touch which will make them suitable for applications where they are interacting with humans.
https://www.theengineer.co.uk/
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.
After studying Psychology and then Neuroscience, Sarah quickly found her enjoyment for researching and writing research papers; turning to a passion to connect ideas with people through writing.
Moore, Sarah. (2022, December 09). The Future of Optical Sensors in Robotic Hands. AZoOptics. Retrieved on January 29, 2023 from https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=1634.
Moore, Sarah. "The Future of Optical Sensors in Robotic Hands". AZoOptics. 29 January 2023. <https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=1634>.
Moore, Sarah. "The Future of Optical Sensors in Robotic Hands". AZoOptics. https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=1634. (accessed January 29, 2023).
Moore, Sarah. 2022. The Future of Optical Sensors in Robotic Hands. AZoOptics, viewed 29 January 2023, https://www.azooptics.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=1634.


The issue emerged after a motion was proposed, by councillor Noelle Chow-Chee, seeking clarification on what the parking meter contract contained, since there were conflicting reports in the media.
The contract, which lists Smart City Solutions as the partner receiving 80% of revenue while council gets the other 20%, remains under lock and key at the City Hall building.
Any person desirous of viewing the contract can do so in the Offices of the Mayor and Town Clerk, but would be barred from taking pictures or copying the contract, a point which Mayor Chase-Green stressed at length today.
The Movement Against Parking Meters (MAPM), a pressure group formed to challenge the parking meter project and its controversially shrouded agreement, has challenged this position raised by the Mayor, since the document purports to do business on behalf of Georgetown's citizens, and is a public document.
Chow-Chew, in her motion, requested clarification on the term limit of the contract, since it was believed to be some 49 years.
A report in the media recently, showing the first contract without an amendment to that limit, was questioned by another councillor, Heston Bostwick, who went as far as calling for Deputy Mayor Duncan to be disciplined for "pedalling misinformation." Duncan has been an open supporter of two major protests organised by the MAPM.
Bostwick's position was supported by a number of councillors banging the desk loudly as he chastised Duncan.
Town Clerk Royston King interjected to say amendments were made since the contract, now published in the media, which reduced the term limit to 20 years, allowing for the contract to be reviewed every year.
That review, according to a power point presentation projected in the Council Chamber, allows for discussing financial performance of the project, assess the project's performance against set goals, and discuss new goals and targets for the project.
Councillor Bishram Kuppen then took to the floor to challenge the presentation shown in Council, asking if the annual review was already agreed upon, or if this was merely a proposal now being put forth to the Council by the Mayor.
Turning attention to the recent meeting between Georgetown leaders and Cabinet, including President David Granger, Councillor Malcolm Ferreira asked for clarification from the Mayor on the recent announcement that vehicle clamping would stop until consultations are complete.
Mayor Chase-Green responded that motorists are still required to pay for parking spaces, except they would not be booted if they exceeded their time limit. Ferreira went on to ask if this means citizens would park for free. The Mayor noted there are citizens still paying for parking spaces, even though the penalties were suspended.
"The city is dying! People out there are hurt! It's a ghost city," councillor Khame Prakash Sharma told the Council as he condemned the fees for the parking meters that have been called "burdensome" even by central government.
The row caused the Town Clerk to immediately rebuke the statement against the Mayor, which he called a threat against her. Sharma subsequently withdrew the statements.
Town Clerk King said the Mayor will host a press conference to announce when the penalties for the parking meters will be brought back into effect.
The attention quickly returned to Duncan with councillor Bostwick, this time, calling for Duncan to prove why he should not be disciplined. Mayor Green said the matter would be dealt with another time.
"We have councillors here who are snakes," Chow-Chee exclaimed as the motion winded down. Mayor Chase-Green objected to the use of "snakes," calling for more parliamentary language to be used.


"Reel Recovery was founded in 2003 by a group of avid fly-fishers, inspired by their fishing buddy's ongoing battle with brain cancer. Witnessing first-hand the beneficial impact fly-fishing provided their friend, they created Reel Recovery to provide the same opportunity for other men battling the disease. Combining expert fly-fishing instruction with directed "courageous conversations", the organization provides men with all forms of cancer a unique opportunity to share their stories, learn a new skill, form lasting friendships and gain renewed hope as they confront the challenges of cancer".
I was very fortunate to be able to help these folks out and the Mackay Idaho Retreat in July of 2015. I was honored to cook for the fishing buddies and help out where I could. Having seen my Dad fight (and lose) a long battle with Bladder Cancer for 25 years and losing my father in law to the deadly disease made me curious as to what they were feeling.
I learned that the most common complaint about friends and loved ones is some of them, and in some cases all of them fade away from the person living with cancer. I heard that they felt treated like they had communicable disease. Their friends didn't understand it or didn't want to be around it.
Listening to these courageous men put a punch to my gut. Is society mostly walking away from it and not giving their support? It breaks your heart. I felt so small like any of my troubles could compare to the emotional trauma caused by abandonment these men are feeling.
I know, my blog is about camp food, and there was food like that prepared at this retreat. I didn't see it coming, I felt good initially about going and helping and came home humbled, saddened by the stories of loneliness and battles lost. Also there is a ton of positives, the Reel Recovery organization is incredible. The day we left for our different places of abode was warm and joyful but also full of tears. I for one plan on not taking for granted that people living with cancer. I am going to be there even if it's a small amount of my life.
Be Well and Fish On!


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Intel adopts 40Gb per SECOND USB-C plug for Thunderbolt 3.0
One cable to rule them all? Well, kinda
Simon Sharwood Tue 2 Jun 2015 // 11:57 UTC
Computex 2015 Intel's sort of given up on the Thunderbolt interface - but it's also found a way to help increase its relevance by making it a superset of USB 3.1.
Thunderbolt has always been fast, and has the nifty trick of connecting peripherals, carrying data and bringing video to monitors over a single cable — but it never took off.
Within the last 24 hours, at Computex 2015, Intel announced it has passed the 100-million-mark for Thunderbolt-equipped devices. However, that's not really an impressive sum given it's been around for years and PCs still ship in their hundreds of millions each year.
Peripherals makers never got excited about the technology, with only a few providing dedicated devices.
Chipzilla's now come to the conclusion that Thunderbolt can't stand alone, so has adopted the USB-C port for the standard, replacing the current proprietary port. That means anything with a USB-C connector should work in a Thunderbolt port.
However, Intel's hope is that punters take advantage of Thunderbolt's many talents to hook up their machines to a hub of some sort. The idea seems to be that future laptops will mostly have USB-C slots.
If you choose to use USB devices in those, good on you. If you want to use one to run a single wire to, for example, a hub with USB ports and a couple of video out ports, you'll be able to daisy-chain all those peripherals back down the single cable into the PC.
Intel says the revised standard can handle just about every video standard known to humanity, although adapters will of course be required.
A handy little 4Ker
Intel thinks that falling prices for 4K tellies and monitors (high resolution, 4,000 pixels), plus the advent of 4K cameras for consumers, will give Thunderbolt new relevance.
It's therefore hoping gamers and heavy video users become keen on version 3.0 as a way to drive lots of pixels into their eyeballs in a hurry. The company will also go hard on the notion that OEMs which choose the standard are also delivering vanilla USB 3.1 ports, along with some value add.
The revised Thunderbolt 3 standard now hits 40Gbps, four times the speed of USB 3.1. PCI Express Gen 3 also gets a guernsey.
The new standard retains its ability to carry Ethernet traffic and assemble peer-to-peer networks among Thunderbolt-equipped machines, at 10Gbps. New drivers will allow Windows, Mac and Linux clients all to share a network, and a storage device.
Intel's announcement also mentioned an intention to develop active 40Gbps optical cables capable of achieving that speed at cable runs of up to 60 metres.
The thinking there is that in some content creation shops workstations are kept at a distance from the user (possibly in a data centre to keep it cool).
There's also the hope that cameras will employ Thunderbolt and use the long cable run to connect to storage devices.
At 60 metres and 40Gbps Thunderbolt might just become an interesting way to do some data transfers between servers, or some of the small NAS devices that are among the few Thunderbolt-equipped peripherals. Those cables are "targeted for 2016", so don't hold your breath. ®


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MAC Men's Basketball
Northern Illinois Huskies vs. Eastern Michigan Eagles men's basketball final: EMU comes back late, wins 75-71
Tim Bond was 0-for-4 behind the arc before he hit one that would seal the win for EMU.
By Alex Alvarado@ARAlvarado13 Mar 1, 2016, 10:27pm EST
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In dramatic fashion, It was a one-sided game in Eastern Michigan's favor, then Northern Illinois would eventually find themselves up by 15, but a close, back-and-forth game was sealed by a go-ahead 3-pointer by Tim Bond to give EMU the 75-71 victory.
"I just wanted to stay confident. My teammates kept telling me to keep shooting the ball. I had some open looks, but I was just looking for James [Thompson] inside," Bond said after the game. "But that was just confidence. I had it in my mind that I was going to let it fly."
The first time these two teams met in DeKalb, it was Travon Baker that was giving the Eagles all kinds of problems. This time, it was their stud freshman. Marshawn Wilson was the best player on the court for the first half. Making his first eight field goal attempts, the freshman hit a fifth 3-pointer to give the Huskies their first lead of the game (40-37) at the 2:04 mark in the first half. At the half, Wilson played all 20 minutes putting up 23 total points, just two shy of his season-high against Buffalo a month ago.
It seemed like he'd be a big part of the second half too, but he only went 1-for-4 from the field in the second half.
"When we put Jodan Price in the game, he changed the game," EMU coach Rob Murphy said, "He was able to lock down one side of the zone pretty much by himself... When he entered the game, we had four straight stops... It won't show up in the box score, but he was unbelievable. They literally could not see on him and Tim Bond's side."
Making 46 percent of his 3-pointers in February, Willie Mangum helped EMU get off to an early lead for most of the first half shooting 4-for-6 behind the arc for 14 points. He wasn't much help for the Eagles where he only play for four minutes without a shot attempt.
Four and a half minutes into the second half, the Huskies would get a 10-point lead when Nazione's pass to Thompson went through his hands and NIU would get a transition dunk by Andrew Zelis (Travon Baker assist). The Huskies kept taking care of business to find themselves at a 15-point advantage before Murphy made some changes at defense to make stops and let the offense take care of itself. Murphy said that locking down on defense for 13 solid minutes is what turned things around for the Eagles. With a quick exchange of missed transition shots on both ends, the Eagles would quickly go on a 10-0 run under the 10-minute mark (60-55, NIU lead) as Tim Bond threw down a 2-handed slam.
Jordan Nobles hit some critical second-chance buckets to help EMU go on a run, including a light put-back ofter Jodan Price missed his fourth 3-pointer to make it a 62-61 ball game. Unfortunately for the Eagles, their excitement would turn to worry as Thompson and Nobles would both pick up their fourth fouls in the next minute. At which point, they plus Nazione would all have four fouls to their name with four minutes to go. He'd foul out in the closing minutes of the game to finish with six points and four rebounds, all offensive. "I thought his size did bother [Wilson] a bit," Murphy said.
At the under-3 minute mark, Toney would help EMU out with a transition lay-up in traffic to put them back up with a 65-64 lead. Maric went for the block, but came down hurting his right ankle and had to be helped off the court by his teammates.
Fouls to free throws and a pair of mid-range baskets by Toney and Armstead on both ends kept the game tied at 66, then 68, then 70.
No shot clock, EMU's possession. Toney dribbles the clock down to around five seconds, dishes it to Tim Bond who, was 0-for-4 so far, makes his one and only 3-point shot of the game to seal it. "That one felt better than all the other ones I shot. I had my follow-through up and watched it go through the net."
Bond would finish with 17 points and six rebounds with four steals, while Thompson picked up his 17th double-double of the year with 16 points, 13 boards. For NIU, Wilson finished with 26 points shooting 75 percent from the floor while Baker and Maric both closed with eight combined points.
Toledo lost on the road to Western Michigan, so the Rockets, Huskies and Eagles are all at 8-9 records in conference play. EMU will travel to Toledo on Friday while NIU closes their regular season out at home to MAC West champions Ball State.
2015-2016 MAC Men's Basketball: Week 17
Darrell Bowie to transfer to Iowa State
EMU tops NIU in 15-point comeback
Western Michigan surges past Toledo in 70-64 win


What is the easiest way to keep track of your frame numbers and film rolls when doing an outdoor portrait session with lots of subjects?
Jeff S. Kennedy Just write down their names, the frame number(s), and a brief description of them. Since they will be in order on the film it's really not too difficult to keep track of.


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'Chloe' Review: Strong Psychological Drama Stands Out at 2022 TV Grifter Show
Erin Doherty anchors Alice Seabright's six-part series, one that never loses sight of the incredible strain of pretending to be someone you're not.
This year as has been pointed out many times so far, 2022 has been a treasure trove of stories about scammers. In the world of television, spring has brought many stories to the past that have linked people to a false sense of security that tells how they have deceived people on the path to wealth and a tremendous amount of culture. Read also : The politics of healthy aging: myths and facts. Of course, the technological and entrepreneurial climbers of the 2010s have no monopoly on grift, not in real or fictional worlds.
Released in the UK in February and coming to Prime Video this week, the new psychological drama "Chloe" makes it the perfect (and somehow necessary) book fabric for a mid-year trend to be much bigger than self-deceptive situations. imagine.
Like these other stories, "Chloe" begins on a modest scale. Becky Green (Erin Doherty) spends her idle moments moving around on social media while caring for her sick mother and working on some temporary jobs. With headphones and the appearance of her application habits looking like the dead eyes of someone who loses all account of time, Becky seems particularly taken aback by the profile of a Chloe Fairbourne (Poppy Gilbert). The opening scenes of the series are full of elegant selfies from Chloe, cheerful dinners and honest moments planned with great acquaintances.
Sensing a chance at her new concert, Becky decides to use some key intelligence to fail an elegant gala. That's where Becky launches into an endless chain of small lies and fabricated credentials. She soon sees herself escaping into a whole alternative life as Sasha, and has told new colleagues around the world that she has been well connected to working as a live events coordinator. When Becky discovers that she has found Chloe dead through her usual online routine, she puts herself in a position to enter Sasha Chloe's inner circle thanks to her new confidence to recreate herself in the image of her obsession.
Luke Varley / Banijay Rights Limited
"People greet themselves in a group by pretending to be someone else" has a long tradition in fiction, but writer / director Alice Seabright "Chloe" understands that the most important element in a story like this is clarity. There is simplicity and efficiency here in how to launch all the various pieces. Becky's slow construction of Sasha is as responsible and rigorous as the show, made up of small-scale manipulations by frontline staff and helpers. While the difference between where you start and end eventually is deliberately staggering, none of the steps involved require any herculean effort to justify it (art installations, yoga sessions, impromptu hearts over glasses of expensive wine).
In the process, "Chloe" is as tuned as the click she wants to infiltrate with Becky. Chloe's widow Elliot (Billy Howle) is trying to balance her grief with a candidacy for public office. Livia's (Pippa Bennett-Warner) best friend is still significantly shaken by the sight of Chloe or the mere mention. Josh (Brandon Michael Hall), a resident of the art world, and Richard (Jack Farthing) are skeptical of Sasha's sudden appearance in a group of friends, introducing the idea that Becky's role is constantly hindered in "Chloe".
Rather than looking inside Becky in a world that only slowly sees him from a comfortable distance, Seabright finds all of his actions much more indifferent. Along with Doherty's calibrated performance, Sasha becomes a constant logistical puzzle rather than a trick of virtuoso flourishes. Becky's occasional look at Sasha's previous life is one of despair and insecurity and self-doubt. One of the clever elements of "Chloe" is maintaining all of this second invention, even as she is shedding light on the inconsistencies in Sasha's biography.
"Chloe" reflects these doubts with a structural ambiguity. The more Becky becomes an excuse for Sasha to do an amateur detective job the more time she spills, the more her intrusive thoughts spill over into what the audience is taking on. Becky's dreams and nightmares are marked by imaginary phone calls and theoretical risk situations, all threatening to shatter this well-crafted facade that has led some new friends to accept her as real. They're all part of "Chloe's" overall tapestry, which also has some weird and mischievous transitions of the scene from one place to another Becky.
York Tillyer / Banijay Rights Limited
Perhaps the key to the success of "Chloe" is the way it touches on an almost universal desire to be understood and valued. Becky is much more involved in Chloe's life plan than she could have imagined, but it's not because Doherty acts as a model of charm and refinement. There are those when Becky is put into irresponsibility, who pays attention to a detail that puts Sasha in danger. But "Chloe" shows how powerful it is to include someone in your life as an active force in friendship. It's easy to rationalize some weird questions and coincidences when someone is eager to fill a gap with their helpful source. Small courtesies, whatever the intention, add up quickly.
All of this is filtered from Becky's point of view, with Seabright sometimes putting the audience directly in his sight. Then it's even more worrying, as Becky begins to lose touch with who she is, what she's doing, and why she's continuing on the path she set out on. This is not a story of determination of brute force. There's a delicacy and slipperiness here that seems organic to the story of a person trying to claim a little control in an otherwise volatile life. "Chloe" eventually unites around Chloe's group of friends, and each of them, despite her attitudes and the photographic evidence in that feed, shows how she takes on the same doubts Becky has.
These whirlwinds of loyalty and honesty testing would be modest without a firm trajectory of what Becky's decisions mean to everyone involved. But Seabright – along with series director Amanda Boyle and writers Kayleigh Llewellyn and Poppy Cogan – chooses not to dive too far into the artificial, despite the premise of the series. In the face of a wave of similar spectacles disguised as lies, every step away from the truth in "Chloe" carries real weight with it.
"Chloe" is now available to play in Prime Video. This may interest you : New York City Developer Launches Life Science Ventures.
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Schumer encourages high-tech energy storage company to locate in Old Tech City
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L'ukas 43 (o ukase) è stato l'unica disposizione di legge dell'Unione Sovietica adottata durante la seconda guerra mondiale come disposizione penale per la guerra e per i crimini ai sensi del diritto internazionale dell'Unione europea.

Origine
Con decreto del 2 novembre 1942 fu istituita la Commissione Straordinaria di Stato per l'accertamento e l'inchiesta sui crimini degli invasori tedeschi. Il 19 aprile 1943, il Presidium del Soviet Supremo emanò l'ukas 43: ordinava che fossero condannati i criminali tedeschi, italiani, rumeni, ungheresi e finlandesi i quali avessero commesso omicidi e maltrattamenti della popolazione civile e dei soldati dell'Armata Rossa catturati, nonché le spie.

I traditori della patria tra i cittadini sovietici dovevano essere puniti con la pena di morte per impiccagione.

I complici civili della popolazione locale furono esiliati e condannati ai lavori forzati dai 15 ai 20 anni. Pertanto, anche prima della Dichiarazione di Mosca degli Alleati, in Unione Sovietica il perseguimento dei criminali di guerra e dei collaboratori era stato regolato come nel resto dell'Unione Europea.

Intenzione e applicazione
Secondo Stalin, le leggi esistenti per "crimini di sangue contro la popolazione pacifica e soldati dell'Armata Rossa catturati" prevedevano condanne troppo basse.

I tribunali sovietici perseguivano i membri della Wehrmacht, delle SS, dell'SD, della Ordnungspolizei e dell'amministrazione civile nazista nei territori precedentemente occupati. Il decreto è stato emesso nella stessa data in cui le autorità sovietiche hanno interrotto i rapporti con il governo polacco in esilio all'indomani della scoperta del luogo del massacro di Katyn.

Lukas era inizialmente inteso come una risposta stalinista alla collaborazione con il nemico dell'Unione Sovietica. L'ukas fu usato per la prima volta al processo per crimini di guerra di Krasnodar nel 1943 e divenne anche lo strumento più importante per punire i crimini di guerra e di occupazione tedeschi. Degli almeno 81.780 imputati sotto l'ukas, solo 25.209 erano diretti contro gli stranieri.

Note

Bibliografia
 Andreas Hilger: Die Gerechtigkeit nehme ihren Lauf. In: Norbert Frei (Hrsg.): Transnationale Vergangenheitspolitik. Der Umgang mit deutschen Kriegsverbrechern in Europa nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Göttingen : Wallstein, 2006, S. 180–246 ISBN 978-3-89244-940-9
 Manfred Zeidler: Stalinjustiz contra NS-Verbrechen. Hannah-Arendt-Institut 1996, ISBN 3-931648-08-7

Collegamenti esterni

Crimini perpetrati durante la seconda guerra mondiale

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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— Academics — Faculty Directory — David B. Fuller, DO, FAAO
Simulation Center - PCOM Georgia
Simulation Center - PCOM South Georgia
DAVID B. FULLER, DO, FAAO, FNAOME
Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine - PCOM
OMM Department Practice Management Adviser
PCOM Second Year Course Director, Osteopathic Principles and Practice
Publications and Selected Works
PCOM OMM Department
Dr. Fuller is an enthusiastic advocate of both osteopathic education and osteopathic patient care. He joined PCOM full-time in 2012, where he teaches and sees patients, as a professor in the Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine. He has been in practice since 1995, practicing in both osteopathic manipulative medicine and family medicine.
Dr. Fuller is also active in administrative roles at PCOM, serving as course director for the Osteopathic Principles and Practice II course as well as the OMM Department Practice Management Advisor.
Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine and Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Fellow of the American Academy of Osteopathy (AAO)
Fellow of the National Academy of Osteopathic Medical Educators (NAOME)
Integrative Holistic Medicine
Family Medicine and Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
Residency: Family Medicine, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1993–1995
Internship: Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1992–1993
Medical School: Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.), Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1992
Pre-doctoral Teaching Fellowship in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1989-1992
Bachelor of Science, Biology Major, cum laude, Virginia Tech, 1987
Associate in the Arts, with distinction, Academy of the New Church College, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, 1985
Osteopathic Principles and Practice I-VI
Osteopathic Post-Graduate Training Institutional (OPTI) OPP course for interns and residents
OMM workshops at the annual Pennsylvania Osteopathic Medical Society Annual Clinical Assemblies
OMM CME courses at PCOM
2016 Item Writer of the Year, COMLEX-USA Examination, Osteopathic Principles and Practice Award.
North Baldwin Healthcare Authority Board of Trustees, 2006-2011. A board appointed by the Baldwin County Commission to manage and distribute ad valorem tax receipts for medically related uses in North Baldwin County, Alabama.
North Baldwin Infirmary Hospital Advisory Board of Trustees, Bay Minette, AL. 2002-2011.
Chief of Staff, North Baldwin Infirmary Hospital (for the second time), 2007.
Chairman, Board of Censors, Baldwin County Medical Society of Alabama, 2001.
President, Baldwin County Medical Society of Alabama, 2000.
Chief of Staff, North Baldwin Infirmary Hospital, 2000.
President's Citation, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine Alumni Association, 1996
Family Medicine Chief Resident at Olympia Fields Osteopathic Hospital and Medical Center, Olympia Fields, Illinois, 1994-1995
Who's Who Among Students in American Universities & Colleges, CCOM, 1991
National Student Osteopathic Medical Association Service Award, 1989
Biochemistry Award, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1988
Outstanding Graduating Senior in the Department of Biology, Virginia Tech, 1987
Sons of the Academy Award for Academic Excellence, Academy of the New Church College, 1985
American Academy of Osteopathy
American Osteopathic Association
German-American Academy of Osteopathy (DAAO) Teaching Faculty
Pennsylvania Osteopathic Medical Association
The Osteopathic Cranial Academy
Fellowship in the National Academy of Osteopathic Medical Educators
In January, 2020, Dr. Fuller was named as a Fellow in the National Academy of Osteopathic Medical Educators (NAOME). NAOME is associated with the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM).
NAOME Fellows are inducted into the academy to serve as leaders and mentors for academic scholarship, teaching, role modeling and support within the osteopathic medical education community. This peer-selected group makes up a collection of outstanding educators from across the osteopathic medical education continuum.
Fellowship in the American Academy of Osteopathy
Dr. Fuller became a Fellow of the American Academy of Osteopathy (FAAO) in 2007. Earning the FAAO involves a rigorous process of peer review of written patient cases and an original thesis that makes a unique contribution to the osteopathic profession.
Since 2010, Dr. Fuller has been serving on the committee that awards the FAAO. This is the committee that evaluates and assists candidates on their pathway to earning this Fellowship. In 2017 Dr. Fuller started serving as Chair of the Committee, after serving three years as Vice Chair.
National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME)
Dr. Fuller continues to serve on the Level 1 Advisory Committee of the NBOME Comprehensive Osteopathic Licensing Examination (COMLEX), which he has been doing since 2018.
Dr. Fuller has been serving on committees with the NBOME since 2001, including serving on the Osteopathic Principles and Practice Item Review Committee for many years. He has been writing test items for the board since 2000.
In January 2017, Dr. Fuller was awarded the NBOME 2016 Item Writer of the Year, COMLEX-USA Examination, Osteopathic Principles and Practice Award.
Peer Reviewer for the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA)
Dr. Fuller has been a Peer Reviewer with the JAOA since 2015.


The Baseball Tarot is a quality Tarot cards-and-book set with 78 borderless, oversized, and very glossy cards. The major arcana have titles altered to fit the baseball theme, while the minors are divided into suits of Mitts (Cups), Balls (Swords), Bats (Wands), and Bases (Coins), each with twelve suit cards and two courts (Coach and MVP). It's much, much better than the other Tarot of Baseball.
Baseball Tarot is a 78 card deck which, as its name suggests, brings the all-American world of baseball to Tarot. The two might seem like strange bed-fellows at first. Yet as a sport which is stepped in both metaphor and myth, the two make a surprisingly good pair. To my knowledge, this is the one of three published decks which marries the two (see Tarot of Baseball and the Marseille-inspired Tarot de Cooperstown). In my opinion, this is the strongest of the three, as it manages to create a themed deck without falling into the trappings of many novelty deck.
The deck swaps out traditional suits for more appropriate symbols. Wands become Bats, Cups are Mits, Swords are now Balls and Pentacles, Bases. ... read more reviews.


While it is true that every page of the Bible has something to say to us, sometimes, one part of the Scriptures is made particularly relevant by something about our circumstances. I think this is the case with the book of Malachi. Like the Jews of Malachi's time, we live in a post-restoration existence. Like them, we're part of a community of God's people that has been serving Him faithfully for more than a hundred years.
However, as Malachi reveals, being part of a faithful tradition is not enough to ensure that we personally are pleasing to God. Malachi points out several areas in which the Jews, rather than asking how much they could give to God, had begun to ask how little they could get away with giving. This was true with their marriages, it was true with their tithing, and it was true with their worship. Because our spiritual position is so similar to theirs, we easily can fall into the same trap. Let's use a context in Malachi, then, to evaluate potential problems with our own worship.
Chronologically, the first of these worship problems that Malachi identifies is DISRESPECT. Look at Malachi 1:6-7. This passage presents a striking contrast between the fury of the Lord and the puzzled contempt of the priests who were supposed to be honoring Him. In bitingly sarcastic language, God points out the difference between the respectful names they call Him and the disrespectful way in which they treat Him. In response, though, Malachi has the guilty priests reply that they don't really see a problem.
Even today, I fear that there are all too many Christians who see our song worship as no big deal. They come strolling in five minutes late, they're tapping away at some social-media app all the way through services, and they sing unenthusiastically if at all. And yet, if a brother or sister confronts them about it, they respond with the same brand of dismissiveness as the priests in v. 6. "I'm here, aren't I?" they reply.
Brethren, these things ought not be so. A casual attitude toward our song worship is a disrespectful attitude. Like the culprits in Malachi, we're priests too. We have been given an amazing privilege, the privilege of offering up spiritual sacrifices to the transcendent Creator of the universe. It should awe us that we are even allowed to do this, but too often, we act like we're doing God a favor by showing up. I'm telling you the truth, friends: if we persist in such a disrespectful spirit, it will cost us our souls.
The best cure for the disease is to fix our minds on the reality of God's presence. Though we can't see Him, He truly is here, and if we could see Him, I'm quite confident we wouldn't have any difficulty being respectful. Holy men like Isaiah and Ezekiel were driven to the ground in awe at a mere echo of the presence of God. When we remember that and bow our hearts before Him in our worship, we are showing Him nothing more than the honor He deserves.
Of course, the priests would never have dared to do any such thing. They knew that if they failed to give the governor their best, they wouldn't appreciate the aftermath! However, they thought they could slack off with God and get away with it.
God's question is an appropriate measuring stick for our efforts in worship today. Once again, I don't think that God is terribly concerned with the objective quality of our singing. What He does expect, though, is effort, the kind of effort we sink into serving anyone who is important to us. At the very least, we should invest the same level of effort into glorifying God as we do into pleasing our various earthly superiors.
Let's be honest with ourselves. For those of us who are still in school, what would have happened on our last school assignment if we had put worship-level effort into completing it? For those of us who have jobs, what would our boss say if he told us to do something and then watched us do it with the same oomph we put into our singing? In fact, if our boss were watching, would we dare to work at the level of our worship at all, or would we be afraid to sink so low?
Now, brethren, I'm not saying that we shouldn't be concerned about those who have power over our grades and our income. I'm saying that we should be more concerned about the One who has power over our souls.
Third, we must pay attention to the dangers of APATHY. Malachi examines this subject in Malachi 1:11-13a. Here, God makes His point by way of contrast. On the one hand, He knows what the future holds. He knows that after the resurrection of Jesus, it won't merely be Jews who are worshiping Him. Instead, people all across the globe will give Him glory. However, even though God's greatness is going to be universally acknowledged, the special people whom He has chosen to serve Him seem indifferent. They complain about how tiiired they are of serving God, and they scoff at His worship.
This illustrates a grim truth about human nature. No matter how good we've got it, we get used to the good thing we have, and we even get tired of it. As a result, I suspect that every Christian has struggled with apathy in worship, at least to some extent.
In reality, though, apathy in our worship points to a larger problem. As a rule, people who are excited about every other aspect of discipleship don't get bored during the singing. Instead, it's Christians who are losing interest in everything else who lose interest in worship too.
Our relationship with God operates according to the rules for relationships generally. No relationship is ever truly static. Either it is deepening and improving, or it is withering and dying. Apathy in worship isn't the problem. It's a symptom of the problem.
Once we start seeing this problem in ourselves, it's on us to reconnect. It's on us to spend more time with God's word. It's on us to spend more time in prayer. It's on us to spend more time imitating Jesus through selfless service. When we do those things, our weariness with worship will evaporate.
The fourth problem in Malachi's list is the problem of BLEMISHED OFFERINGS. Here, let's keep going in Malachi 1:13b-14. According to the Law, the animals used in the temple sacrifices were supposed to be perfect, flawless. However, these unenthusiastic worshipers were trying to get away with offering animals that were clearly flawed, animals that were stolen or sick or lame. People didn't want those animals, but apparently they were good enough for God.
Today, we must make sure that the offerings that we present to God are as good as they can be. The hymns we sing are spiritual sacrifices, and they need to be unblemished sacrifices. This largely falls on the shoulders of the song leader, and I think there are two main ways that a hymn can be unsuitable for our assemblies.
First, hymns can be lacking in spiritual content. The text of the hymn doesn't have anything meaningful to say, and people primarily sing it because they like the music. There are contemporary hymns, for instance, that use ooohs and aaahs instead of having all the parts sing actual English words all the time. It's hard for me to see that such hymns are prioritizing content the way they should.
Second, hymns can be problematic when the music keeps the congregation from worshiping. This can be because the music is intrinsically too difficult for the congregation. No matter how hard they work, they'll always be singing it focusing on the notes, not God.
It could also be because a hymn is unfamiliar. I'm certainly a big fan of new hymns, but I do not believe that it's wise to present a new hymn for the first time in the assembly on Sunday morning. Except for those who are top-notch sightreaders, an unfamiliar hymn will prove distracting rather than edifying. Instead, I think it's far preferable to take the edge off new hymns first, by putting them forward in a class like the one Tim is teaching now. That way, once a core of people has learned them, they're much more useful for worship in the assembly.
Finally, worship problems can arise from FLAWED LEADERS. Here, let's examine Malachi 2:1-2. The priests had a special responsibility before God. He intended them to serve as intermediaries between Him and His people. However, because they failed to fulfill His intent, He cursed them rather than blessing them.
As we observed earlier, all of us are priests, but there's also a sense in which the song leader takes on an especially priestly role in our singing together. When I'm by myself, I can sing whatever hymn I want to, and I commonly do. However, when we are together, the song leader sets the terms of our corporate worship.
This means, then, that the song leader has to make the effort to be the best song leader he can be. The work of the song leader is too important for any man not to take it seriously. Once again, it's not important that men have differing levels of ability. I myself don't have the talent for leading that some do. What is important is that we max out the ability we do have.
This starts with training. This weekend, Tim is leading a workshop for our song leaders. I am convinced that every man who wants to lead singing here needs to attend that workshop. Even those of us who have been through such training sessions before will benefit from the refresher. The more comfortable we are with technical attainments like blowing pitch, beating time, and knowing how to order a song list, the more useful to the Lord we will become.
Second, a diligent song leader will invest himself in preparation every time before he leads singing. Just like I think a sermon is too important not to prepare for, so I believe that a song service is too important not to prepare for. I don't think a song leader ever outgrows the need for prayer, for thoughtful reflection on what he wants to say, and for running through his hymn list privately to make sure there aren't any problems. Of course, sometimes a man finds himself leading singing on short notice, and that's one thing, but not using the time available is quite another.
Excellent! It is humbling to me to know that God, the Creator of all, will accept the sacrifice of my voice. There are times that I can't sing a hymn because the words hit me so hard, I get choked up.
I de really wish that we would not have unfamiliar songs during worship. I might as well be reading the comics if I can't put my all into it.


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Minister unveils bill that would make national parks more accessible to hikers
A bill being prepared by the ministry of the environment is aimed at making Czech national parks more accessible to hikers, giving more powers to municipalities and simplifying regulations, Minister Richard Brabec said on Tuesday. He described the planned amendment to the law on the environment, the most extensive in two decades, as revolutionary. However, the proposed opening of zones of national parks that are now closed to the public could put represent a threat to wildlife, a representative of the Czech branch of Friends of the Earth said in response to Tuesday's announcement.
Man charged with death of homeless man "over 350 crowns"
Police have charged a man with an attack on a homeless man in Prague that resulted in the latter's death. The accused, who is 34, faces a charge of grievous bodily harm resulting in death in connection with the incident, which occurred near the Hradčanská tram stop in Prague 6 on Monday, and faces up to 16 years in jail if found guilty. The motive for the attack, in which the victim was beaten and kicked, was a debt of CZK 350, a police spokesperson said.
Euro commissioner nominee: Prague eyeing regional policy, transport and administrative affairs portfolios
The Czech Republic has its sights on three potential European commissioner posts, the country's nominee Věra Jourová said on Tuesday. Ms. Jourová, who has up to now been Czech minister for regional development, said the country was primarily interested in the portfolios of regional policy, administrative affairs and transport. She said she would not be involved in negotiations on her future position and was preparing for a "grilling" of candidates at the European Parliament in September.
Police charge man over hit and run injury of six pedestrians
Prague police have filed charges against a foreign man who drove onto a pavement in central Prague at the weekend, seriously injuring six pedestrians. The man, who is 26, then fled the scene. He has been charged with failure to provide assistance, endangerment while under the influence and bodily harm; if found guilty, he could face up to eight years in prison. The incident occurred on the city's Hybernská St at 6:30 AM on Sunday. The driver abandoned his car but left personal documents in the vehicle.
Černý loses appeal against paying damages to ex-National Gallery chief over insult
Sculptor David Černý must pay a former director of the Czech National Gallery, Milan Knížák, CZK 100,000 in damages for defaming him in a Czech Television interview. The Prague Supreme Court on Tuesday rejected an appeal lodged by Mr. Černý, upholding a previous decision it made. The artist also has to pay Mr. Knížák's court costs. Mr. Černý used abusive language to describe the then National Gallery head in an interview for a 2011 documentary on an award for young artists. Mr. Černý caused controversy with a sculpture for the 2009 Czech presidency of the EU that was considered offensive by some member states.
Zaorálek calls on Moscow to aid crash investigation and cease sending weapons and gunmen to eastern Ukraine
The Czech minister of foreign affairs, Lubomír Zaorálek, says the Russian Federation should provide assistance to an independent investigation into the crash of a Malaysian plane in eastern Ukraine and also cease sending weapons and gunmen to the region. He said if Moscow failed to do so in a matter of days an extraordinary EU summit should adopt strong sanctions targeted at sectors of the Russian economy. Mr. Zaorálek was speaking in Brussels, where EU foreign ministers have been meeting for the first time since Thursday's incident, in which almost 300 people died when a Malaysian Airlines flight came down in territory held by pro-Russian rebels.
Government nominates army chief Pavel for senior NATO post
The Czech government has approved the candidature of the chief of staff of the Czech Army, Petr Pavel, for the post of chairman of NATO's Military Committee. Speaking after a cabinet meeting on Monday night, the Czech minister of defence, Martin Stropnický, said General Pavel had a "very solid chance" of obtaining the position, which is second only to the secretary general in the NATO hierarchy. For his part, the general said if he wins the post in a vote in mid September it will be a great honour for the Czech Republic and an expression of trust on the part of the country's allies.
Government report on human rights says country needs children's Ombudsman
The Czech Republic is one of the last remaining EU states which does not have a children's Ombudsman, according to a government report on the state of human rights in the Czech Republic. The report says that while cases relating to minors are dealt with by the Ombudsman's Office, the institution lacks the staff and money needed to deal with the vast amount of requests for help it gets annually and children' cases deserve priority. The Czech Republic has come under fire from international institutions for failing to give Romany children equal access to education, failing to secure the right of children from divorced families to be in contact with both parents and keeping them in children's homes for years in order to protect the rights of their biological parents.
Storms batter south-western Bohemia
Storms and heavy rain complicated traffic and flooded cellars in many parts of the country, particularly in south-western Bohemia. Rail traffic between Prague and Mariánské Lázně was disrupted for several hours on Monday night and fire crews worked around the clock clearing away uprooted trees and pumping water from cellars. In some places the rain amounted to 67 liters per square meter, causing flash floods which temporarily closed down the lobby of Prague's Mustek metro station. The ABC theatre in Prague was flooded for the third time this year.


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Glendale Public Library
Xeriscape Demonstration Garden Information Sheet
Antigonon leptopus 'Baja Red'-Queen's Wreath
A fast growing vine with stems reaching to 20 feet long. Its heart- shaped, lush green leaves can be as large as 4 inches long and 3 inches wide. The stems are herbaceous, dying back to a large, underground root in the winter; regrowing when the weather warms up enough in late spring. The stems climb by tendrils which wrap around many types of supports.
Long sprays of white, pink, or red flowers appear on the species in the summer and fall while this selection has brilliant red flowers. Native to Baja California and western Mexico, it is commonly found in arroyos and canyons. In frost-free areas it is evergreen, but will remain hardy in other locations. Queen's wreath will flower from mid summer until frost and in frost-free areas flowering may continue year round.
In colder areas, it may be cut to the ground in late winter. In extremely cold areas it might be advised to mulch the roots. In severe areas it may take a while to regrow in spring.
© Webmaster & Author George Hull Last Updated August 10, 2003


We are proud to announce that this Mar 2nd, 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM we will be hosting an Open House at 510 St Andrews Road in the Glenmore neighborhood, West Vancouver. This is an opportunity to visit this excellent House for sale in beautiful Glenmore.
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We are proud to announce that this Feb 23rd, 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM we will be hosting an Open House at 510 St Andrews Road in the Glenmore neighborhood, West Vancouver. This is an opportunity to visit this excellent House for sale in beautiful Glenmore.
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Having to relocate an entire household is hard enough all on its own. But if you own pets it is even more complicated. And some people have exotic pets which not only require utmost care when having to relocate them as well, but also need to stay within specific legal requirements. In order to relocate a household in an efficient manner, many details have to be sorted out in advance. Thankfully, moving companies in Culver City are willing and able to handle relocations which involve pets.
You have to know the laws and regulations concerning pets which are enforced in California. You can get these from the state's Veterinary Office or Department of Agriculture. If you own any kind of exotic animal you will very likely need a special permit. If you are moving to an apartment or condo, make sure your pet is allowed before you move in. There are many communities where exotic animals are not allowed for a variety of reasons, so consider very carefully the location where you intend to relocate with regard to your exotic pet or pets.
You should also have a portable kennel, or pet carrier for the transportation of your pet or pets. This is absolutely essential because it ensures safety and comfort for the duration of the relocation. It should be just big enough for your dog or cat to stand up, turn around, and lie down. Even birds need pet carriers, as conventional cages are not good enough.
Make sure your pet carrier has cross-ventilation and leak-proof bottom. Add absorbent layers for travel to make sure that no self-inflicted injuries will happen. Your kennel should also have a secure door latch. But do not lock it because federal regulations require your pet to be accessible in an emergency.
For more, just visit our website!


Plant Family: Belongs to the Moraceae or Fig family, which includes the Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), Fije of the Dominica forests(Ficus citrifolia), and the popular Fig of commerce (F. carica).
Description: A handsome tree; famous for bearing the largest tree-borne fruit in the world, reaching 36 kg (80 lb), 90 cm long (36 in) and 50 cm diameter (20 in); tree large, moderately quick growing evergreen with profuse milky sap, reaching up to 24 m (80 ft) in natural habitat; one Botanic Gardens specimen, located short distance south of Fish Pond, is much less imposing at about 7 m (23 ft); branching starts near ground; leaves oblong or elliptical, 10-15 cm in length (4-6 in), leathery, glossy, and deep green; flowers in unisexual spikes on same tree, on short, stout stems that sprout from trunk and branches; male spikes, found on younger branches above female spikes, are fleshy and cylindrical, up to 10 cm in length (4 in); flowers tiny and pale green when young, darkening with age; female spikes are larger, elliptical or rounded, reportedly pollinated by insects and wind; compound fruit borne on trunk and older branches, is large, light green, oblong, typically weighing 5-25 kg (11-55 lb), 30-40 cm long (12-16 in) and 20-27 cm diameter (8-11 in); skin of young fruit has pyramidal projections; flesh firm with numerous seeds in yellow, edible aril, all in a cream, somewhat fibrous matrix; when ripe aril has sweet, exceedingly pleasant, banana-pineapple flavor; seeds, also edible, are light brown, conical, 2-3 cm long (0.8-1.2 in), 100-500 per fruit, but with short, one month viability; fruits mature in 3-6 months after flowering, with color change from light green to yellow-brown when ripe; after ripening, fruit turns brown and deteriorates quickly; two principal varieties – one with thin, fibrous, and mushy edible pulp when ripe, very sweet, with pungent odor; the other with thick, firm, crisp, less fragrant pulp when ripe, more palatable to West Indian tastes and more important commercially; wood resembles mahogany, is medium hard, very durable, and resistant to termites.
Natural Habitat: Moderately rainy, humid areas of tropics; but grows in wide range of maritime tropical and subtropical climates; propagated primarily by seed; in India, air-layering also common; plants usually take 4-14 years to bear, with one cultivar, Singapore, bearing in 18-24 months.
Origin and Distribution: Believed to be indigenous to the rainforests of SW India; but widely cultivated in SE Asia; also cultivated in E. Africa, as well as Brazil and the Caribbean, especially Jamaica; and grows successfully as far north as south Florida.
Uses: Numerous, but grown mainly for its fruit, though timber and latex are important;ripe fruit arils eaten fresh, are succulent, aromatic, flavorful and delicious; ripe fruit fermented and distilled to produce an alcoholic liquor; immature fruits cut up and cooked as a carbohydrate; seeds boiled or roasted and eaten like breadnut or chestnut, or ground and added to flour for baking; young leaves and young male spikes cooked as vegetable; leaves and fruit-waste used as animal fodder; wood considered superior, takes beautiful polish and used in furniture, cabinet making and turnery; wood chips yield dye used to color orange-red robes of Buddhist priests; heated latex forms glue used for mending chinaware and pottery, and caulking boats and buckets; medicinally, all parts of plant and latex said to have medicinal properties – among them, wood has sedative property; pith said to produce abortion, leaves used for ulcers, root for fever and diarrhea, and latex for abscesses and snake bite.
Indigenous Legends and Anecdotes: In China, roasted seeds consumed as aphrodisiac; in S. India, fruit is one of three auspicious fruits, along with mango and banana.
Robert A. DeFilipps. Useful Plants of the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 1998.
Anon. [Joseph Jones?]: Official Guide to the Botanic Gardens, Dominica. Kew Gardens, London 1924?


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SABR 49: Committee meetings
Here is the schedule for research committee meetings at SABR 49 — June 26-30, 2019, at the Manchester Grand Hyatt hotel in downtown San Diego. Committee meetings are open to all convention attendees.
Click on a link below to learn more about SABR's research committees or to listen to highlights from the meeting at SABR 49 (where available).
Bill Staples Jr., co-chair (billstaplesjr@gmail.com)
Thursday, June 27, 6:15 p.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
* Guest speakers: Rob Fitts on "Finding Naito" and John Carvalho on "The Masanori Murakami Debacle". Click here to listen to the audio recording (MP3; 42:14)
Ron Selter, co-chair (rselter@att.net)
Thursday, June 27, 6:45 p.m., Seaport F Ballroom
BASEBALL AND THE ARTS
Joanne Hulbert, co-chair (jhulbert49@gmail.com)
Saturday, June 29, 4:30 p.m., Seaport F Ballroom
BASEBALL AND THE MEDIA
John McMurray, vice-chair (mcmurray.john@gmail.com)
Saturday, June 29, 5:30 p.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
* Guest speaker: Steve Klein, professor emeritus at George Mason University and veteran journalist on "How Hugh Fullerton Created an Ethical Impulse in Sports Writing."
Mark Armour, visiting chair (markarmour04@gmail.com)
Friday, June 28, 2:00 p.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
* Guest speaker: Rob Fitts, award-winning author and historian whose work focuses on the history of U.S.-Japan baseball relations, including books Mashi (2015), Banzai Babe Ruth (2012), Wally Yonamine (2008), and Remembering Japanese Baseball (2005). Click here to listen to the audio recording (MP3; 44:24)
BASEBALL INDEX PROJECT
Andy McCue, chair (agmccue44@earthlink.net)
BASEBALL RECORDS
Trent McCotter, chair (trent.mccotter@gmail.com)
* Guest speaker: Herm Krabbenhoft, award-winning author and historian, on Ty Cobb's RBI record. Click here to listen to the audio recording (MP3; 57:48)
BIOPROJECT
Warren Corbett, visiting chair (wpcorbett@hotmail.com)
Saturday, June 29, 7:00 a.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
BLACK SOX SCANDAL
Jacob Pomrenke, chair (buckweaver@gmail.com)
* Guest speakers: Panel discussion on the 100th anniversary of the 1919 World Series, with Jacob Pomrenke, editor of Scandal on the South Side: The 1919 Chicago White Sox; Rick Huhn, author of Eddie Collins: A Baseball Biography; Bill Felber, author of Under Pallor, Under Shadow: The 1920 American League Pennant Race That Rattled and Rebuilt Baseball; and Bruce Allardice, Black Sox Scandal researcher and Professor of History at South Suburban College near Chicago. Click here to listen to the audio recording (MP3; 57:09)
Michael Haupert, co-chair (mhaupert@uwlax.edu)
Steven Weingarden, co-chair (steveweingarden@gmail.com)
Saturday, June 29, 10:25 a.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
* Guest speaker: Roberta J. Newman, author of Here's the Pitch: The Amazing, True, New, and Improved Story of Baseball and Advertising. Click here to listen to the audio recording (MP3; 50:38) — Newman's talk begins at the 18:55 mark.
Karl Green, chair (atlcrackersfan@gmail.com)
Saturday, June 29, 7:00 a.m., Seaport F Ballroom
DEADBALL ERA (1901-19)
John McMurray, chair (deadball@sabr.org)
* Guest speaker: Norman Macht, who will be comparing Connie Mack and John McGraw as managers during the Deadball Era. He is the author of an award-winning, three-volume biography of Hall of Fame manager Connie Mack and, most recently, They Played the Game: Memories from 47 Major Leaguers. Click here to listen to the audio recording (MP3; 44:46)
Herb Wilson, co-chair (whwilson@colby.edu)
Allison Levin, co-chair (allison.levin@gmail.com)
Friday, June 28, 8:00 a.m., Seaport F Ballroom
GAMES PROJECT
Mike Huber, chair (huber@muhlenberg.edu)
Friday, June 28, 8:00 a.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
LATINO BASEBALL
Anthony Salazar, chair (salazar8017@yahoo.com)
Friday, June 28, 2:00 p.m., Seaport F Ballroom
George Pawlush, chair (george.pawlush@wilkes.edu)
Friday, June 28, 2:00 p.m., Seaport G Ballroom
NEGRO LEAGUES
Larry Lester, chair (larrylester42@gmail.com)
Peter Mancuso, chair (peterplus4@earthlink.net)
Bob Bailey, vice-chair (bobbailey@cox.net)
Saturday, June 29, 10:25 a.m., Seaport F Ballroom
OFFICIAL SCORING
Stew Thornley, chair (stew@stewthornley.net)
Thursday, June 27, 7:30 a.m., Seaport A/B Ballroom
John McMurray, chair (sabroralhistorycommittee@gmail.com)
* Guest speaker: Steve Garvey, who hit arguably the most iconic home run in San Diego Padres history and was a fan favorite in the National League during his 19-season career. Click here to view photos and listen to highlights.
David W. Smith, president (dwsmith@retrosheet.org)
SCIENCE AND BASEBALL
Eric Van, chair (emvan@post.harvard.edu)
Phil Birnbaum, chair (birnbaum@sympatico.ca)
WOMEN IN BASEBALL
Leslie Heaphy, co-chair (lheaphy@kent.edu)
Thursday, June 27, 3:10 p.m., Seaport G Ballroom
UMPIRES AND RULES
Perry Barber, co-chair (umpireplb@aol.com)
For more coverage of SABR 49, visit SABR.org/convention.
11th Arizona Fall League Experience
SABR Day
SABR Analytics Conference
Frederick Ivor-Campbell
Base Ball Conference
Cooperstown, NY
21st Jerry Malloy
Negro League Conference
SABR 50
For a full SABR calendar,
visit SABR.org/events
SABR Event Code of Conduct


text:
Q: How to periodically post random content as user to their wall? Hello friends i have developed game application on facebook. I have to post random content as user to their wall at any time and automatically. Please suggest me the ways to do this.

A: You could use a thread that would do posting in periods. With respect to time that this thread would do the posting you could generate random values (in Java http://www.javapractices.com/topic/TopicAction.do?Id=62). These random values were used in the thread sleep. to randomly generate the content, could use the same method as above. To do this, could use a java Map (http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Map.html) where the keys are possible values generated by the random method and the values of the map would be the posting to be done.
To post in wall using Java:  http://restfb.com/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Unter einem Produkt versteht man das Ergebnis einer Multiplikation sowie auch einen Term, der eine Multiplikation darstellt. Die verknüpften Elemente heißen Faktoren.

In diesem Sinne ist ein Produkt eine Abbildung der Form

wobei man das Produkt von  und  meist als
 notiert.

Abgeleitet vom lateinischen Wort producere in der Bedeutung (her-)vorbringen ist "Produkt" ursprünglich die Bezeichnung des Ergebnisses einer Multiplikation zweier Zahlen (von lat.: multiplicare = vervielfachen).
Die Verwendung des Malpunktes  geht auf Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz zurück,
das alternative Symbol  auf William Oughtred.

Produkte zweier Zahlen
Hier ist stets , d. h., das Produkt zweier Zahlen ist wieder eine Zahl. Produkte werden hier zusätzlich als assoziativ vorausgesetzt, d. h.

Produkt zweier natürlicher Zahlen

Ordnet man etwa Spielsteine in einem rechteckigen Schema in r Reihen zu je s Steinen an, so benötigt man dafür

Spielsteine. Die Multiplikation ist hier eine Kurzschreibweise für die mehrfache Addition von r Summanden (entsprechend den r Reihen), die sämtliche den Wert s tragen (in jeder Reihe stehen s Steine). Man kann die Gesamtzahl aber auch dadurch berechnen, dass man die Zahl s (entsprechend der Anzahl der hintereinander in einer Spalte stehenden Steine) insgesamt r Mal (entsprechend der Anzahl r solcher nebeneinander angeordneter Spalten von Steinen) addiert (man benötigt hierfür r-1 Pluszeichen). Damit ist bereits die Kommutativität der Multiplikation zweier natürlicher Zahlen gezeigt.

Zählt man die Zahl 0 zu den natürlichen Zahlen, so bilden diese einen Halbring. Zu einem Ring fehlen die inversen Elemente bzgl. der Addition: Es gibt keine natürliche Zahl x mit der Eigenschaft 3+x=0.

Ein Produkt, bei dem die Zahl 0 als ein Faktor auftritt, hat stets den Wert Null: Eine Anordnung von Null Reihen von Spielsteinen umfasst unabhängig von der Zahl der Steine pro Reihe keinen einzigen Stein.

Produkt zweier ganzer Zahlen
Durch Hinzufügen der negativen ganzen Zahlen erhält man den Ring  der ganzen Zahlen. Zwei ganze Zahlen werden multipliziert, indem man ihre jeweiligen Beträge multipliziert und mit folgendem Vorzeichen versieht:

In Worten ausgedrückt besagt diese Tabelle:
 Minus mal Minus ergibt Plus
 Minus mal Plus ergibt Minus
 Plus mal Minus ergibt Minus
 Plus mal Plus ergibt Plus

Für eine streng formale Definition über Äquivalenzklassen von Paaren natürlichen Zahlen vergleiche man den Artikel über ganze Zahlen.

Produkt zweier Brüche
In den ganzen Zahlen kann man uneingeschränkt addieren, subtrahieren und multiplizieren. Die Division durch eine von Null verschiedene Zahl ist nur möglich, falls der Dividend ein Vielfaches des Divisors ist. Diese Einschränkung lässt sich mit dem Übergang zum Körper der rationalen Zahlen, also zur Menge  aller Brüche, aufheben. Das Produkt zweier Brüche erfordert im Gegensatz zu ihrer Summe nicht die Bildung eines Hauptnenners:

Gegebenenfalls lässt sich das Ergebnis noch kürzen.

Produkt zweier reeller Zahlen
Wie bereits Euklid nachweisen konnte, gibt es keine rationale Zahl, deren Quadrat Zwei ergibt. Ebenso ist das Verhältnis von Kreisumfang zu Kreisdurchmesser, also die Kreiszahl π, nicht als Quotient zweier ganzer Zahlen darstellbar. Beide "Lücken" werden durch eine sogenannte Vervollständigung im Übergang zum Körper der reellen Zahlen  geschlossen. Da eine exakte Definition des Produktes in der hier gebotenen Kürze nicht möglich erscheint, sei nur kurz die Idee skizziert:

Jede reelle Zahl lässt sich als ein unendlicher Dezimalbruch auffassen. So sind etwa
 und  Die rationalen Näherungswerte – etwa 1,41 und 3,14 – lassen sich problemlos miteinander multiplizieren. Durch sukzessive Erhöhung der Anzahl der Nachkommastellen erhält man – in einem nicht in endlicher Zeit durchführbaren Prozess – eine Folge von Näherungswerten für das Produkt

Produkt zweier komplexer Zahlen
Selbst über der Menge der reellen Zahlen gibt es unlösbare Gleichungen wie etwa . Sowohl für negative wie auch für positive Werte von  ist das Quadrat auf der linken Seite stets eine positive Zahl. Durch den Übergang zum Körper  der komplexen Zahlen, der oft auch als Adjunktion, also Hinzufügen von  bezeichnet wird, entsteht aus der reellen Zahlengerade die sogenannte gaußsche Zahlenebene.
Zwei Punkte dieser Ebene, also zwei komplexe Zahlen, werden unter Beachtung von  formal multipliziert:

Geometrische Deutung

Eine komplexe Zahl lässt sich auch in ebenen Polarkoordinaten schreiben:

Ist ferner

so gilt aufgrund der Additionstheoreme für Sinus und Cosinus

Geometrisch bedeutet das: Multiplikation der Längen bei gleichzeitiger Addition der Winkel.

Produkt zweier Quaternionen
Selbst die komplexen Zahlen lassen sich noch algebraisch erweitern. Es entsteht ein reell vierdimensionaler Raum, die sogenannten hamiltonschen Quaternionen . Die zugehörigen Multiplikationsregeln werden im Artikel Quaternion ausführlich dargestellt. Im Gegensatz zu den obigen Zahlbereichen ist die Multiplikation von Quaternionen nicht kommutativ, d. h.,  und  sind allgemein verschieden.

Weitere Beispiele für kommutative Ringe

Restklassen ganzer Zahlen
Dass das Produkt zweier Zahlen genau dann ungerade ist, wenn beide Faktoren ungerade sind, ist eine weithin bekannte Tatsache. Ähnliche Regeln gelten auch bezüglich der Teilbarkeit durch eine ganze Zahl N größer als Zwei. Die geraden Zahlen entsprechen hierbei den Vielfachen von N; eine gerade Zahl ist ohne Rest durch Zwei teilbar. Bei den ungeraden Zahlen sollte man unterscheiden, welcher Rest bei der ganzzahligen Division dieser Zahl durch N übrig bleibt. Modulo 3 – so die Sprechweise – gibt es drei Restklassen ganzer Zahlen: Solche, die Vielfache von Drei sind, solche mit Rest 1 und solche mit Rest 2. Das Produkt zweier solcher Zahlen hat stets Rest Eins modulo Drei.

Die Menge dieser Restklassen,  geschrieben, besitzt genau N Elemente. Ein typisches Element hat die Form  und steht für die Menge aller ganzen Zahlen, die bei Division durch N denselben Rest ergeben wie die Zahl a. Auf der Menge aller solcher Restklassen wird durch

eine Addition und durch

eine Multiplikation erklärt. Der so entstehende Ring heißt der Restklassenring modulo N. Genau dann, wenn N eine Primzahl ist, handelt es sich hierbei sogar um einen Körper. Beispiel: modulo 5 ist die Restklasse von 2 invers zu der von 3, da 6 modulo 5 Eins ist. Das systematische Auffinden von multiplikativen Inversen modulo N erfolgt mittels des Euklidischen Algorithmus.

Funktionenringe
Ist der Ring R kommutativ, so bildet die Menge  (die Menge aller Funktionen von einer Menge M mit Werten in R) ebenfalls einen kommutativen Ring, wenn man Addition und Multiplikation in  komponentenweise definiert. Das heißt, wenn man

für alle  erklärt.

Wählt man als Ring R die reellen Zahlen  mit den üblichen Addition und Multiplikation, und als M etwa eine offene Teilmenge von  oder allgemeiner von , so sind die Begriffe Stetigkeit und Differenzierbarkeit von Funktionen sinnvoll. Die Menge der stetigen bzw. differenzierbaren Funktionen  bildet dann einen Unterring des Funktionenringes, der trivialerweise wieder kommutativ sein muss, wenn  bzw. R kommutativ ist.

Faltungsprodukt

Seien  zwei integrierbare reelle Funktionen, deren Beträge ein endliches uneigentliches Integral besitzen:

Dann ist das uneigentliche Integral

für jede reelle Zahl t ebenfalls endlich. Die dadurch definierte Funktion f*g heißt das Faltungsprodukt oder die Konvolution von f und g. Dabei ist f*g wieder integrierbar mit endlichem uneigentlichem Betragsintegral. Ferner gilt f*g=g*f, d. h., die Faltung ist kommutativ.

Nach Fourier-Transformation ist das Faltungsprodukt bis auf einen konstanten Normierungsfaktor das punktweise definierte Produkt (sog. Faltungstheorem). Das Faltungsprodukt spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der mathematischen Signalverarbeitung.

Die gaußsche Glockenkurve lässt sich dadurch charakterisieren, dass ihre Faltung mit sich selbst wieder eine etwas in die Breite gezogene Glockenkurve ergibt (vgl. hier). Genau diese Eigenschaft liegt dem zentralen Grenzwertsatz zugrunde.

Polynomringe
Die Menge  aller Polynome in der Variablen X mit reellen Koeffizienten bildet ebenfalls einen sogenannten Polynomring. Das Produkt wird hierbei wie folgt berechnet:

mit

Diese Ringe spielen in vielen Bereichen der Algebra eine große Rolle. So lässt sich etwa der Körper der komplexen Zahlen formal elegant als Faktorring  definieren.

Beim Übergang von endlichen Summen zu absolut-konvergenten Reihen bzw. formalen Potenzreihen wird aus dem hier besprochenen Produkt das sog. Cauchy-Produkt.

Produkte in der linearen Algebra
Die lineare Algebra beschäftigt sich mit Vektorräumen und linearen Abbildungen zwischen solchen. In diesem Zusammenhang treten verschiedenartige Produkte auf. Im Folgenden wird zur Vereinfachung als Grundkörper zumeist der Körper der reellen Zahlen verwendet.

Skalares Produkt
Bereits in der Definition eines Vektorraums V taucht der Begriff der Skalarmultiplikation auf. Damit lassen sich Vektoren ganz allgemein um einen reellen Faktor "strecken", wobei im Falle der Multiplikation mit einem negativen Skalar auch noch die Richtung des Vektors umgedreht wird.

Das Skalare Produkt ist eine Abbildung

Skalarprodukt
Davon strikt zu unterscheiden ist der Begriff eines Skalarprodukts. Dabei handelt es sich um eine bilineare Abbildung

mit der zusätzlichen Forderung, dass  für alle  ist.

Daher ist der Ausdruck  stets berechenbar und liefert den Begriff der Norm (Länge) eines Vektors.

Ebenso gestattet das Skalarprodukt die Definition eines Winkels zwischen zwei von Null verschiedenen Vektoren v und w:

Die Polarisationsformel zeigt, dass ein solcher Längenbegriff umgekehrt stets zu einem Skalarprodukt und somit auch zu einem Winkelbegriff führt.

In jedem n-dimensionalen Euklidischen Raum lässt sich durch Orthonormalisierung eine Orthonormalsystem finden. Stellt man alle Vektoren als Linearkombination bezüglich einer Orthonormalbasis  dar, so lässt sich das Skalarprodukt zweier solcher Koordinatentupel als Standardskalarprodukt berechnen:

Kreuzprodukt im dreidimensionalen Raum
Im , als dem Standardmodell eines 3-dimensionalen Euklidischen Raums, lässt sich ein weiteres Produkt, das sogenannte Kreuzprodukt definieren. Es leistet hervorragende Dienste bei diversen Problemen der analytischen Geometrie im Raum.

Beim Kreuzprodukt handelt es sich um eine Abbildung

Wie jedes Lie-Produkt ist es antikommutativ:  Insbesondere ist

Spatprodukt
Beim sogenannten Spatprodukt – ebenfalls nur im  erklärt – handelt es sich nicht um ein Produkt zweier, sondern dreier Vektoren. In moderner Sprechweise stimmt es mit der Determinante von drei nebeneinander geschriebener Spaltenvektoren überein und lässt sich wohl am einfachsten nach der Regel von Sarrus berechnen. Formal liegt eine Abbildung

vor, die wohl nur aus historischen Gründen noch heute als ein Produkt bezeichnet wird. Anschaulich misst das Spatprodukt das Volumen eines Spates im Raum.

Komposition linearer Abbildungen
Sind f: U → V und g: V → W zwei lineare Abbildungen, so ist ihre Hintereinanderausführung

linear. Bezeichnet man die Menge aller linearen Abbildungen von U nach V mit , so liefert die Komposition von Abbildungen ein Produkt

Im Spezialfall U = V = W erhält man so den sogenannten Endomorphismenring  von V.

Produkt zweier Matrizen
Gegeben seien zwei Matrizen  und . Da die Anzahl der Spalten von A mit der Anzahl der Zeilen von B übereinstimmt, lässt sich das Matrizenprodukt

bilden. Im Spezialfall r = s = t quadratischer Matrizen entsteht hierdurch der Matrizenring .

Komposition linearer Abbildungen als Matrizenprodukt
Zwischen der Komposition linearer Abbildungen und dem Produkt zweier Matrizen besteht ein enger Zusammenhang. Seien dazu r = dim(U), s = dim(V) und t = dim(W) die (endlichen) Dimensionen der beteiligten Vektorräume U, V und W. Seien ferner
 eine Basis von U,
 eine Basis von V und
 eine Basis von W. Bezüglich dieser Basen seien
 die darstellende Matrix von f: U → V und
 die darstellende Matrix von g: V → W. Dann ist

die darstellende Matrix von .

Mit anderen Worten: das Matrizenprodukt liefert die koordinatenabhängige Beschreibung der Komposition zweier linearer Abbildungen.

Tensorprodukt von Vektorräumen
Das Tensorprodukt  zweier reeller Vektorräume V und W ist eine Art Produkt zweier Vektorräume. Es ähnelt daher dem weiter unten besprochenen mengentheoretischem Produkt. Im Gegensatz zu diesem handelt es sich aber nicht um das kategorielle Produkt in der Kategorie der reellen Vektorräume. Es lässt sich dennoch über eine universelle Eigenschaft bezüglich bilinearer Abbildungen kategoriell fassen. Danach ist die kanonische Einbettung

sozusagen die "Mutter aller auf V und W definierbaren Produkte". Jedes andere reell-bilineare Produkt

mit Werten in irgendeinem Vektorraum Y kommt nämlich durch Nachschalten einer eindeutig bestimmten linearen Abbildung

zustande.

Abbildungsmatrizen als Tensoren zweiter Stufe
Der Vektorraum Hom(V,W) aller linearen Abbildungen zwischen zwei Vektorräumen V und W lässt sich auf (bifunktoriell) natürliche Weise als Tensorprodukt des Dualraums V* von V mit W auffassen:

Hierbei wird einem zerlegbaren Tensor , also einem Funktional f: V → R und einem Vektor w in W, die lineare Abbildung g: V → W mit

zugeordnet. Lässt sich so jede lineare Abbildung von V nach W erhalten? Nein, ebenso ist aber auch nicht jeder Tensor zerlegbar. Wie jeder Tensor sich als Summe zerlegbarer Tensoren schreiben lässt, so lässt sich auch jede lineare Abbildung von V nach W als Summe von Abbildungen wie dem oben definierten g erhalten.

Dass Hom(V,W) in natürlicher Weise zum Tensorprodukt des Dualraums von V mit W isomorph ist, bedeutet gleichzeitig, dass es sich bei der darstellenden Matrix einer linearen Abbildung g: V → W um einen einfach kontravarianten und einfach kovarianten Tensor handelt. Dies drückt sich auch im Transformationsverhalten von darstellenden Matrizen bei einem Basiswechsel aus.

Mengentheoretisches Produkt
Das kartesische Produkt M × N zweier Mengen M und N fügt sich auf den ersten Blick nicht zwanglos in den hier vorgestellten Produktbegriff ein. Dennoch besteht nicht nur im Wort "Produkt" eine Verbindung: Das Produkt zweier natürlicher Zahlen m und n wurde weiter oben als die Kardinalität des kartesischen Produkt einer m-elementigen mit einer n-elementigen Menge erklärt. Weiterhin gelten bestimmte Formen des Distributivgesetzes.

Das kartesische Produkt ist gleichzeitig das kategorielle Produkt in der Kategorie der Mengen.

Endliche und unendliche Produkte

Endliche Produkte mit vielen Faktoren

Die Fakultät einer natürlichen Zahl n (geschrieben als n!) beschreibt die Anzahl der möglichen Anordnungen von n unterscheidbaren Objekten in einer Reihe:

Das Produktzeichen  ist in Anlehnung an den ersten Buchstaben des Wortes Produkt der griechischen Majuskel Pi nachempfunden; ebenso wird  angelehnt an das Sigma als Summenzeichen verwendet.

Da das Produkt natürlicher Zahlen kommutativ ist, kann man auch eine Indexmenge verwenden (und damit die Reihenfolge der Faktoren unbestimmt lassen)

Hier eine Animation zur Produktschreibweise:

Das leere Produkt

Das leere Produkt hat den Wert Eins (das neutrale Element der Multiplikation) – ebenso wie die leere Summe stets Null (das neutrale Element der Addition) ergibt.

Unendliche Produkte
John Wallis entdeckte 1655 die verblüffende Tatsache, dass

gilt (vergleiche Wallissches Produkt). Was genau ist aber unter dem unendlichen Produkt auf der rechten Seite zu verstehen? Man betrachtet dazu die Folge der endlichen Teilprodukte

Falls diese Folge gegen eine reelle Zahl P konvergiert, so definiert man

Genauer sei  eine Folge von Zahlen.
Das unendliche Produkt

heißt genau dann konvergent, wenn die folgenden Bedingungen erfüllt sind:
 Fast alle  sind von Null verschieden, d. h., es gibt ein , so dass  für alle  gilt,
 der Grenzwert  existiert und
 dieser Grenzwert ist von Null verschieden.
(Die Gültigkeit der letzten beiden Bedingungen ist unabhängig davon, welches  man in der ersten gewählt hat).
In diesem Fall setzt man
.
Dieser Grenzwert existiert, denn entweder ist mindestens ein Faktor  und ab dann sind alle Partialprodukte null oder man kann in der zweiten Bedingung o. B. d. A.  wählen.

Kernreihenkriterium (Konvergenzkriterium für unendliche Produkte): Folgende Aussagen sind äquivalent:
 Ein unendliches Produkt  mit positiven Kernen  konvergiert absolut.
 Die Kernreihe  konvergiert absolut.

Eigenschaften
 Ein konvergentes unendliches Produkt ist genau dann null, wenn einer der Faktoren null ist. Ohne die dritte Bedingung wäre diese Aussage falsch.
 Die Faktoren eines konvergenten Produktes konvergieren gegen 1 (notwendiges Kriterium).

Beispiele zu fehlender Konvergenz
Obwohl die Folge der Teilprodukte (gegen Null) konvergiert, werden unendliche Produkte wie die folgenden nicht als konvergent bezeichnet:
 : Unendlich viele Faktoren sind Null, die erste Bedingung ist verletzt.
 : Man muss  wählen. Wenn aber der erste Faktor weggelassen wird, konvergiert die Teilproduktfolge nicht (divergiert bestimmt gegen ). Die zweite Bedingung ist verletzt.
 : Die Folge der Teilprodukte konvergiert, allerdings gegen Null, so dass die dritte Bedingung verletzt ist.
Diese drei Beispiele erfüllen auch nicht das o. g. notwendige Kriterium.
Das Produkt  erfüllt zwar das notwendige Kriterium, die Folge der Teilprodukte konvergiert aber nicht: Das Produkt der ersten  Faktoren ist .

Literatur
 Aufbau des Zahlensystems. In: dtv-Atlas zur Mathematik, Bd. 1, 2. Auflage 1976, S. 52ff.
 Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus et al.: Zahlen. Springer, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-540-55654-0. (Google Books)

Umfangreiche Literaturangaben zur linearen Algebra finden sich dort.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Multiplikation


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