text:
SOCNET June 2007
ego tie strength
Bill Richards <[log in to unmask]>
You've described a few ways to operationalize "ego tie strength"
(procedures you might use to measure it) but there didn't seem to be
many words about your conceptualization -- what do you mean by "ego tie
strength"? The problem is that if you don't know what you are trying to
measure, you will never know if you are measuring it.
Unless, that is, you say the concept is defined by the procedure used to
measure it. A conceptual definition must do more than tell how the
concept will be measured. For example, to say that "intelligence is
defined as that which the IQ test measures" neither defines intelligence
nor tells you anything about it. It only ties the word "intelligence" to
something called the "IQ test".
The most important part of a conceptual definition is the specification
of essential qualities. Conceptual definitions should denote all of the
essential qualities of the constructs and exclude nonessential ones.
They should describe the construct clearly enough so that other
researchers would classify phenomena (in terms of whether or not they
are occurrences of the construct) the same way as the researcher who
developed the conceptual definition.What are the essential qualities of
the concept? In your case, what thing or combination of things must
happen when "ego tie strength" is high? When that thing or combination
of things doesn't happen, "ego tie strength" should be low.
The definition "violent movies are movies in which there are scenes of
kicking, stabbing, clubbing, choking, hitting, slapping, shooting, and
smashing" is not a good conceptual definition because it lists many
activities that are not essential and it fails to describe the essential
qualities. What are the conceptual qualities that must be present before
you will call something "violent"? You may want to say something like
"violent movies show scenes in which one person injures, maims, or
causes pain to another." This much shorter list of more abstract
qualities would probably include all of the specific activities in the
list above as well as many violent acts not on that list.
The specification of essential qualities is the most important part of a
conceptual definition because it gives some very good clues about how
the concept could be measured in a most straightforward way: look for
the presence or absence of the essential qualities. For example, if you
accepted the suggested definition of violent movies as those which "show
scenes in which one person injures, maims, or causes pain to another" in
the previous paragraph, you could determine whether or not a movie is
violent, by looking to see whether it contained scenes in which one
person injures, maims, or causes pain to another. ... But first you will
have to decide what counts as injury or pain. (The proceeding was taken
from Zen of Empirical Research; see www.sfu.ca/~richards)
In a similar way, the following may specify procedures you could use to
get a number for each of a set of egos (but none of them tells you
anything about what "ego tie strength" is): the mean of the closeness
ratings that ego gives to his or her social ties, the mean of the
products of the closeness and frequency ratings that ego gives to his or
her social ties, the mean rank of ego's top 10 ties, the mean rank of
ego's top 11 ties, .... , the result of some other mathematical
procedure that somehow produces a single number that summarizes some
rating that ego gives to some number of connections with a set of alters
chosen by some yet to be specified procedure, and last but not least:
ego's hat size multiplied by the number of dogs ego has owned in the
past eleven years. No doubt the last example on the list seems to be a
strange way to measure "ego tie strength," but we don't know what "ego
tie strength" is, so we can't really rule it out, can we?
I think this is not an unusual situation with network research. A lot of
people have spent a lot of time inventing a large set of metrics,
scales, indices, etc., which are supposed to measure some network
characteristic or another. We've got a lot of computer programs and
algorithms to use in our efforts to analyze networks. It's easy to pick
the tool you like and start analyzing. You'll get numbers. Because
social networks are very complex things (they're a lot more than an
adjacency matrix or the world's most beautiful multidimensional
sociogram -- social networks have people with histories, memories,
plans, dreams, desires, urges, diseases, jobs, families, fears, beliefs,
friends, enemies, ......) you will probably be able to come up with an
explanation for your numbers that makes sense. Worse, you will probably
be able to come up with an explanation that will make absolutely good
sense, regardless of what numbers you get.
So please spend at least a few hours trying to figure out exactly what
you mean by "ego tie strength." While you're doing that, do everything
you can to avoid numbers and mathematical procedures that turn one set
of numbers into another number or set of numbers. What you're interested
in is "what is ego tie strength?" -- not "how do I measure ego tie
strength?" When you know what it is, write it down. Write it clearly
enough so that someone who reads it will understand exactly what you
mean by ego tie strength. Then you will have less trouble coming up with
a way to measure it as long as you keep your conceptual understanding
clear in your mind.
> Date:    Thu, 7 Jun 2007 11:35:34 +1000
> From:    Kenneth Chung <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Measure of Ego Tie Strength
> Dear colleagues,
> I am seeking ideas and suggestions on how one accounts for tie strength of
> an ego node, when you are studying over 100 ego nodes individually. In my
> study, relational data is collected from over 100 individuals, where each
> individual may elicit up to maximum 15 ties. The research model tests
> whether tie strength is associated with individual outcome, eg. attitude to
> performance.
> Tie strength in my study is measured by:
> - closeness (4 point scale from very close to distant) and
> - frequency of contact (5 point scale ranging from daily to less often),
> although data on other variables such as 'time known' and 'relationship
> type' is also available.
> When it comes to calculation of tie strength for an ego node, how does one
> account for it? To the best of my knowledge and from what I've read from
> literature, one may
> 1. use the average strength of ties for an ego (ie. sum the values of each
> tie from ego to alter and divide by count of ties). In this case, the values
> of each tie may be:
> 	(i) the average of closeness and frequency values, or
> 	(ii) the product of closeness and frequency values
> 2. using 1, but take only the average of the top 5 or top 7 ties to the ego.
> This allows for comparison using a common baseline.
> Other approaches have been to consider tie strength of a node in terms of
> network proportions (see Reagans, R., & McEvily, B. (2003). Network
> Structure and Knowledge Transfer: The Effects of Cohesion and Range.
> Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 240-267.), however, I understand this
> only works for sociocentric networks and not for ego networks as in my
> study.
> I'd like to confirm whether my limited understanding is correct and welcome
> comments and suggestions from you all.
> sincerely,
> Ken
> Kon Shing, Kenneth Chung
> PhD Candidate
> School of Information Technologies
> University of Sydney
> NSW 2006, Australia
> P: +61 2 9351 5639
> F: +61 2 9351 3838
> W: http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/~ken
> ------------------------------
> Date:    Thu, 7 Jun 2007 08:44:56 -0700
> From:    Tom Valente <[log in to unmask]>
> Subject: Re: Measure of Ego Tie Strength
> You should treat tie strenght as a dyadic value.
> -Tom
> Kenneth Chung wrote:
>> Dear Tom,
>> Thank you very much for your input.
>> If I understand you correctly, assuming that an ego elicits 10 alters, I'd
>> rank the first alter a tie-strength-value of 10, with the last a value of 1.
>> To then arrive at a tie strength (well, a mean value) for the ego, I'd then
>> sum up the values of all ties in this case (10...1=55), and then divide it
>> by ego's network size (ie. 10) yielding a mean ego tie strength of 5.5. Is
>> this correct? If so, it seems to me that tie strength for the ego in such
>> case is simply a function of how many alters are elicited or network size.
>> ie. 10 alters would always yield 5.5, 11 alters yields 6 (66/11), and so on.
>> Essentially, to test my research model, it seems necessary to arrive at a
>> tie strength for each ego by consoloditating the tie strength of all other
>> ties and averaging them. Burt's approach is at the dyadic level and relative
>> to network proportions of the ego. Using this approach in my study means an
>> ego will always have a tie strength of 1.
>> I wonder if my notion of averaging tie strength and drilling it down to a
>> single value for the ego is an incorrect conceptualisation. Any pointers to
>> further papers/ideas would be of great assistance!
>> Kind regards,
>> Ken
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: [log in to unmask] [mailto:[log in to unmask]]
>> Sent: Thursday, 7 June 2007 9:38 PM
>> To: Kenneth Chung
>> Cc: [log in to unmask]
>> Subject: Re: Measure of Ego Tie Strength
>> I've used the rank order of the nominations as a proxy for tie strength
>> since spending time with someone may not necessarily equate with tie
>> strength.  So I treat the first person named as stronger, than the second,
>> and second stronger than third, etc. We find this to be correlated with risk
>> behavior, people tend to engage in riskier behavior with their closer ties.
>> This can be done in both ego and socio-metric studies.
>> - Tom
>> Kenneth Chung wrote:
>>> Dear colleagues,
>>> I am seeking ideas and suggestions on how one accounts for tie strength
>>> of an ego node, when you are studying over 100 ego nodes individually.
>>> In my study, relational data is collected from over 100 individuals,
>>> where each individual may elicit up to maximum 15 ties. The research
>>> model tests whether tie strength is associated with individual outcome,
>>> eg. attitude to performance.
>>> Tie strength in my study is measured by:
>>> - closeness (4 point scale from very close to distant) and
>>> - frequency of contact (5 point scale ranging from daily to less
>>> often), although data on other variables such as 'time known' and
>>> 'relationship type' is also available.
>>> When it comes to calculation of tie strength for an ego node, how does
>>> one account for it? To the best of my knowledge and from what I've read
>> >from literature, one may
>>> 1. use the average strength of ties for an ego (ie. sum the values of
>>> each tie from ego to alter and divide by count of ties). In this case,
>>> the values of each tie may be:
>>> 	(i) the average of closeness and frequency values, or
>>> 	(ii) the product of closeness and frequency values 2. using 1, but
>>> take only the average of the top 5 or top 7 ties to the ego.
>>> This allows for comparison using a common baseline.
>>> Other approaches have been to consider tie strength of a node in terms
>>> of network proportions (see Reagans, R., & McEvily, B. (2003). Network
>>> Structure and Knowledge Transfer: The Effects of Cohesion and Range.
>>> Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 240-267.), however, I understand
>>> this only works for sociocentric networks and not for ego networks as
>>> in my study.
>>> I'd like to confirm whether my limited understanding is correct and
>>> welcome comments and suggestions from you all.
>>> Thank you,
>>> sincerely,
>>> Ken
>>> Kon Shing, Kenneth Chung
>>> PhD Candidate
>>> School of Information Technologies
>>> University of Sydney
>>> NSW 2006, Australia
>>> P: +61 2 9351 5639
>>> F: +61 2 9351 3838
>>> W: http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/~ken
>>> _____________________________________________________________________
>> Evaluating Health Promotion Programs (Oxford U. Press):
>> http://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0195141768.html
>> My personal webpage:
>> http://www-hsc.usc.edu/~tvalente/
>> The Empirical Networks Project
>> http://ipr1.hsc.usc.edu/networks/
>> Thomas W. Valente, PhD
>> Director, Master of Public Health Program http://www.usc.edu/medicine/mph/
>> Department of  Preventive Medicine School of Medicine University of Southern
>> California 1000 S. Fremont Ave.
>> Building A Room 5133
>> Alhambra CA 91803
>> phone: (626) 457-6678
>> fax: (626) 457-6699
>> email: [log in to unmask]
Bill Richards, Ph.D.
School of Communication, Simon Fraser University
8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. Canada  V5A 1S6
Web: http://www.sfu.ca/~richards


text:
Q: MongoDB text search should be case insensitive (SearchString == searchstring) I use this method in my application:
@Query("{$text : { $search : ?0,  $caseSensitive: true }}")
List<Item> findItemBySearchString(final String searchString);

and $caseSensitive does not work, either with true nor with false.
My Item has the name Test -> If I search for Test I find it, with test I did not find it.
Does anyone know what I am doing wrong?
Thats an Document:
@Document(collection = "Item")
public class Item {

@Id
private String id;
@TextIndexed
private String number;
@TextIndexed(weight = 2)
private String name;
private List<String> names;
private String description;

and that is my current search method:
 @Query("{$text : { $search : ?0 }}")
List<Item> findItemBySearchString(final String searchString);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Danica Patrick says NASCAR media treats her fairly
By Al Pearce
Stop the press: NASCAR Spint Cup Series driver Danica Patrick has a somewhat favorable opinion of the media, far more favorable than her team-owner Tony Stewart. She especially thinks that NASCAR's traveling corps of writers and broadcasters have tried to convey fairly how difficult of a time she has had adapting to Sprint Cup stock cars after many years in the Izod IndyCar Series.
Patrick was her best -- glib self-assured, articulate and funny -- when she on Friday met the media for her traditional race-weekend press conference at Pocono Raceway. Despite her generally unimpressive on-track stats, she's clearly the one NASCAR driver most of America recognizes and wants to hear. Who says success and fame necessarily go hand-in-hand?
She was asked about maintaining her sense of humor as she struggles to qualify and finish races on the lead lap.
"I think people have been really understanding to the fact that this is a learning curve and coming from IndyCar is a totally different place," she said Friday. "I feel it's been very publicized by the media that it's going to take time to get through that. But that doesn't stop me from getting mad or wanting more. I think that's just the nature of someone competitive. There are a lot of times my crew chief wants to remind me I'm doing a good job and this is the first year not only in Cup, but my second full time in stock cars."
Through the year's first 13 races Patrick has one pole (the Daytona 500), one top-10 finish, and one other finish in the top 15. She has the one pole, but also three qualifying efforts in the 20s, four in the 30s and five in the 40s. She's led five laps and finished only two races on the lead lap: at Daytona (eighth) to open the season and at Martinsville (12th) two months later. She's crashed out only twice, but has been a combined 45 laps behind the winner in her other nine running finishes. Generally, the only drivers she beats are the former "start-and-park" teams (no longer called that, but still running like it) and drivers with equipment and resources far inferior to hers.
That said, it should be noted that she shows a grit and intelligence and driving judgment that gets her into the 20s more often than not.
"I have high expectation levels [and] I don't think it's a bad [personal] quality," she said. "It keeps me pushing. On the other side, the media has done a good job of educating the more casual fan that it's a big transition. I only read the press when I've had a good weekend. If I didn't, I don't. Sometimes you need to [read the press] on some levels, especially if you've done something up for judgment and criticism.
"Maybe sometimes it's on the track and sometimes it's slightly off-track stuff you say. Social media has given everyone a platform to speak their minds. But what that's done is kind of putting your finger on the pulse of what's going to be written about. It's probably going to be written about.
"But being up front about everything has always been what's worked best for me. If people don't like me they can at least respect my honesty in situations, so that's how I try and go about things. It's impossible to make everyone happy all the time. I don't read all my press, no. But I read some it, for sure."
Her boss, in contrast, railed against the media after winning last weekend at Dover, using "crap" (or something close) seven times in one 30-second stretch.
"I love him," Patrick said, laughing. "I wish I could do interviews like him, he does such a great job, he's so funny. I love to hear it and he's not afraid to say what he really thinks, even more than me. And he's much funnier about it. He's so much more adorable about it."
Wait, did she really describe Tony Stewarts' rants as adorable?
Good grief!
More From Cup
Petty's 1967 NASCAR Season Is Forever Unmatched
Bill Rexford: NASCAR's Forgotten Cup Champion
NASCAR Drivers Cut a Country Album in the '80s
Dale Earnhardt Jr., Father Both Opposed Rebel Flag
Joey Logano wrestles 'challenging' next-gen NASCAR Cup car during Phoenix test
Martin Truex Jr. crew chief Cole Pearn shocks NASCAR by resigning from Joe Gibbs Racing
Joey Logano to test NASCAR's next-generation car at Phoenix
Corey LaJoie remains with GoFAS Racing for 2020 NASCAR season
NASCAR's Kyle Busch adds WWE 24/7 Championship to his 2019 title haul, promptly loses it
JTG Daugherty assign Ryan Preece, Ricky Stenhouse 2020 crew chiefs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Although car people love to spend time and money on their cars, they all too often forget to properly value their car for insurance purposes. Dollar after dollar goes in, but never gets properly documented so that if a catastrophic event strikes, the real cost of putting the car back together gets paid by the insurance company. As collector car owners ourselves, we understand the importance of our product first hand. Fill out the form on the right to get started on your on-site Houston car appraisal.
Houston is a major American metropolis. It is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States after Chicago, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles (1,730 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County. It is the principal city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, which is the fifth-most populated metropolitan area in the United States of America.
Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. Leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment, only New York City is home to more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled. Nicknamed the "Space City", Houston is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine, and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most diverse in the United States.] It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.


text:
American Bison is the largest extant land animal in North America. With this article, you can explore some really interesting facts and amazing information on American bison.
Facts About American Bison
American Bison, the North American species of bison, is one of the largest species of cattle in the world. The largest extant land animal in North America, it is often called an American buffalo as well (though this is not correct, since it has only distant relations with either of the two buffaloes - Asian buffalo and African buffalo). The term bison has been taken from a Greek word, which means an ox-like animal, and the animal is closely related to the Wisent or European Bison. American bison has been known to have two subspecies - Plains Bison (Bison bison bison) and Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae). Of these two, the latter is larger and has a taller, square hump, while the former has a more rounded hump. American Bison's are herbivores, nourishing on grasses, sedges and forbs. Let us explore some more interesting facts and amazing information on American bison.
Binomial Name: Bison bison
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Bovinae
Genus: Bison
Species: B. bison
Sub-species: Two
Height: Up to 2 meters (6.6 ft) tall
Length: Up to 3 meters (10 ft) long
Weight: 400 kg (882 lb) to 1,000 kg (2,205 lb)
Age: 15 years (in the wild)/ up to 25 years (in captivity)
Diet: Herbivorous (grasses and sedges of the North American prairies)
Age of Maturity: 3 years
Gestation Period: 285 days
Number of Offspring: One
Interesting & Fun Facts About American Bison
In terms of appearance, the American bison stands adorned with a shaggy, long, dark brown winter coat. As for its summer coat, it is lighter in weight and has a light brown color.
The biggest American bison recorded till date weighed as much as 1,133 kilograms (2,500 lbs.).
An American bison has huge heads and forequarters, with horns that are short and curved.
American bison are known to use their short horns either for defense purposes or to fight for status within the herd.
August and September are the months in which American bison are known to go through the process of mating.
American bison are known to be polygamous in nature. In fact, the dominant bulls usually maintain a small harem of females for mating.
American bison originated in Eurasia and migrated over the Bering Strait, coming down to settle in North America.
One can find homosexual behavior in American bison as well. In fact, courtship and mounting between bulls is quite common.
American bison has been used as a symbol in many official seals, flags, and logos in North America.
American bison is the official state mammal of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming, apart from the mascot of North Dakota State University.
The province of Manitoba, in Canada, has adopted the American bison as its official animal and the animal also appears on Manitoba flag.
American bison is used in the official coat of arms of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
Though they appear lethargic, American bison can run as fast as 35 miles per hour (56.3 km/h) and easily outrun humans.
They can jump as high as six feet off the ground.
They lurch several times a day during summer. The dirt and mud they stir up on their bodies is to keep the insects away.
Female bison are called cows and the males are called bulls.
Usually, male and female bison live in separate herds until the mating season, when the herds mingle.
Battle for mating primacy is usual, but these fights rarely become hazardous.
Scientists have estimated that more than 30 million bison used to roam around the open grasslands of America and Canada for centuries, before the European settlers arrived.
Bison are active early in the mornings and in late afternoons. They take rest in the midday heat, by chewing their cud and wallowing in the dust.
The cows give birth to their young in spring. They are born with orangey-brown fur and the mothers are extremely protective of them.
The calves can weigh up to 66 pounds at birth and are able to run after three hours. They nurse for a year and become adults at the age of six.
American Bison are known to have helped in balancing the prairie ecosystem in a major way. Their exhaustive and patchy grazing creates a healthy landscape for many other American wildlife species.
American Table Manners
Facts About Ant
Facts About Ape
Facts About Rat
Facts About Eel
Addictions | Advertising | Anger Management | Body Language | Breakup Advice | Bullying | Comminication Skills | Culture | Workplace | Writers & Poets
More in 'Society'
How To Tell Whether A Man Likes You | How To Ask A Woman On A Date | How To Plan A Perfect Date | How To End A Date | How To Propose Marriage


text:
Between 1899 and 1902, the British Army fought a bitter colonial war against the Boers in South Africa. Although outnumbered, the Boers were a skilled and determined enemy. After initial setbacks and a long period of guerrilla warfare, the British eventually prevailed, but not without adopting controversial tactics.
View this object
General Sir Redvers Buller's troops crossing the Tugela to relieve Ladysmith, February 1900
The origins of the Boer War lay in Britain's desire to unite the British South African territories of Cape Colony and Natal with the Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal). The Boers, Afrikaans-speaking farmers, wanted to maintain their independence.
Map of Southern Africa, c1899
Uitlanders
The discovery of gold in the South African Republic (SAR) in 1886 raised the stakes. A large influx of English-speaking people, called Uitlanders (literally 'Outlanders') by the Afrikaners, were attracted by the goldfields. This worried the Boers, who saw them as a threat to their way of life.
Troops departing for the Jameson Raid, 1895
Jameson Raid
The Jameson Raid of 1896 was an attempt to create an uprising among the Uitlanders in the SAR. Led by Dr Leander Starr Jameson and his British South Africa Company troops, its failure was a humiliation for Britain and the supporters of confederation. It led to a further deterioration of the relationship between the British and Boer governments.
Anxious to overcome this set-back and to give the British policy fresh impetus, Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain appointed an outspoken imperialist, Sir Alfred Milner, as High Commissioner for South Africa in 1897.
Cartridge carried by a participant in the Jameson Raid, c1895
President Paul Kruger of the South African Republic, c1899
The Jameson Raid hardened Boer opinion and led to a resounding victory for Paul Kruger in the 1898 SAR presidential election. Kruger was even more reluctant to permit the Uitlanders to enjoy political power.
In 1899, the SAR offered an extension of the franchise to the Uitlanders. This was in return for British agreement not to interfere in the SAR's internal affairs.
Kruger also demanded that Britain drop its claim to rule the SAR and allow external arbitration of other unresolved disputes between the two governments. Confident that the Boers would be quickly defeated, Chamberlain rejected Kruger's proposals.
Members of a Boer commando, c1899
Boers strike
Recognising that Britain was not seeking a peaceful settlement, the SAR and its ally the Orange Free State resolved to strike first.
On 9 October, the SAR issued an ultimatum demanding the withdrawal not only of British troops from their borders, but of all reinforcements sent to South Africa since 1 June 1899. This ultimatum was rejected and on 12 October the allied republics invaded Cape Colony and Natal.
Canadian troops climbing a kopje, c1899
The Boers soon laid siege to the towns of Kimberley, Mafeking and Ladysmith and, in December 1899, defeated British attempts to relieve them in the battles of Stormberg, Magersfontein and Colenso.
'Black Week', as the period of these defeats became known, was a major shock to the British public who were used to hearing of victories throughout the Empire.
British infantry take cover during a Boer attack, c1899
British Army ordered to mobilise
Sir Redvers Buller appointed Commander-in-Chief in South Africa
Boer ultimatum expires
South African Republic invades Natal, Battle of Laing's Nek
Siege of Mafeking begins
Siege of Kimberley begins
Battle of Elandslaagte
Siege of Ladysmith begins
Battle of Modder River
Battle of Stromberg
Battle of Magersfontein
Battle of Colenso
Lord Roberts appointed Commander-in-Chief in South Africa
A naval gun firing during the Battle of Modder River, November 1899
Skilled enemy
British tactics, which had generally proved successful against poorly armed opponents, turned out to be disastrous when used against the Boers. The British launched frontal attacks on concealed Boer positions. These were ineffective and led to several defeats in December 1899.
Using modern rifles and smokeless powder, the Boers were able to snipe at British infantry from up to three miles (3.5km) away, before withdrawing to avoid any set-piece confrontation. They were highly mobile, adept in fieldcraft and used to life on the high veldt.
Although the Boers only had 88,000 soldiers and relatively few artillery pieces, they were led by outstanding generals such as Louis Botha, Jan Smuts and Christiaan de Wet.
Boer commandos at Norvals Pont in northern Cape Colony, 1900
Mauser M1896 rifle used by General Louis Botha, c1900
After several reverses, the British mobilised their superior resources and sent more men to South Africa. These included troops from across the Empire, especially from Canada and Australia. Eventually, over 400,000 soldiers were involved.
At home, the population volunteered in great numbers to serve in South Africa. The war was the first campaign in which British people from all sectors of society took up arms, with many joining newly raised formations like the Imperial Yeomanry. It was a forerunner of the patriotic fervour that inspired volunteers during the First World War (1914-18).
An Australian scout in South Africa, 1901
Sheet music, 'The Imperial Yeomanry Polka', 1900
African and Indian role
On the outbreak of war, the British made a tacit agreement with their Boer enemies that both sides would not arm the black population. As the war progressed, however, this stance proved difficult to maintain and they began employing armed blacks as scouts.
It is estimated that between 15,000 and 30,000 black Africans eventually served under arms with the British Army as scouts and sentries. Another 100,000 worked as labourers, transport drivers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, farriers and builders.
Although the Indian Army was not deployed to South Africa, a small number of Indian stretcher bearers and servants took part in the campaign. The Indian Ambulance Corps consisted of 300 free Indians and 800 indentured workers from sugar estates, who were sent to the front by their employers.
Black African soldiers outside a blockhouse, 1900
Bearers of the Indian Ambulance Corps, 1901
Shortly after the SAR's ultimatum expired on 11 October 1899, 7,500 Orange Free State troops crossed the border into Cape Colony with the intention of capturing Kimberley. They wished to gain control of the diamond mines, the railway and the supplies in the town. The Boers were further motivated by a hatred of Cecil Rhodes, a leading proponent of confederation, who was among those besieged.
Kimberley had a garrison of 4,800 men, 600 of whom were regulars. They were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Kekewich.
Cecil Rhodes and members of the Kimberley garrison, 1900
Colonel Kekewich greeting the relief column, February 1900
Kekewich had to defend a civilian population of 50,000, as well as a perimeter 20 miles (32km) long. His task was hindered by a shortage of firearms.
On 15 October, Kimberley was cut off by the Boers. But their bombardment of the town did not begin until 6 November, after Kekewich had rejected Chief Commandant CJ Wessels' summons to surrender.
Although stocks of foodstuffs were initially high, rations had to be reduced early in 1900. This coincided with a marked increase in sickness and mortality. A shortage of fresh vegetables also caused scurvy among the black population.
The advance of Lieutenant-General John French's cavalry towards Kimberley, 13 February 1900
Relief delayed
British troops under Lieutenant-General Lord Methuen marched to relieve the town. They fought battles at Graspan, Belmont and Modder River before their advance was halted for two months after defeat at Magersfontein. Lord Roberts then assumed command of a reinforced column that renewed the offensive.
After a four-month siege, Kimberley was relieved on 15 February 1900, when a patrol of the Australian Horse from Lieutenant-General John French's Cavalry Division entered the town.
'Long Cecil', a British gun built at the De Beers workshops during the Siege of Kimberley, 1900
After successes against the invading Boers at the Battles of Talana and Elandslaagte on 20-21 October 1899, Lieutenant-General Sir George White's Natal Field Force, charged with the defence of the colony, was itself besieged in Ladysmith.
About 13,500 troops - the majority British regulars - and 7,500 civilians - 2,500 of them Indians - were trapped. As the siege proceeded, the number of Boers in the trenches rarely exceeded 5,000. They opened their bombardment on 2 November with 17 field-guns.
British dead at Spion Kop, January 1900
Bread ration from the Siege of Ladysmith, 1900
Colenso
Encouraged to believe that relief was coming by General Sir Redvers Buller's advance, the Ladysmith garrison made a number of sorties to distract the Boers. But the initiative passed back to the Boers after Buller's reverse at Colenso on 15 December, when he suggested to White that he should consider surrendering.
Caesar's Camp and Spion Kop
In January, the Boers attempted to take Ladysmith by storm. Their unsuccessful assaults on Caesar's Camp and Wagon Hill ended this policy. But after Buller was again defeated at Spion Kop on 24 January, the full rigours of the siege began to be felt in Ladysmith.
Saving the guns at Colenso, 15 December 1899
The Boer attack on Caesar's Camp, 6 January 1900
An alarming increase in sickness rates, coupled with serious shortages of food, led to the introduction of horseflesh into the rations.
But on 28 February 1900, Buller finally broke through after close co-operation between his infantry and artillery. This success freed up the men of the former Natal Field Force to play an active role in the prosecution of the war elsewhere.
'Our provisions are getting very scarce… coffee, tobacco, jam, pickles and other necessaries. I don't think I will ever again grumble at dry bread for tea, or complain if there's no milk in the jug… The Boers are beginning to use their guns properly. This morning at 7 while some men of the Gloucestershire Regiment were eating breakfast, a shell burst on one of the sangars with terrible results, killing 7 men and wounding 10 others… it broke right in amongst them. All this afternoon shrapnel shells were flying.'
Ladysmith diary of Army Schoolmaster WH Gilbert, 19 and 22 December 1899
The Relief of Ladysmith, 28 February 1900
Mafeking
Mafeking was the most northerly town in Cape Colony and had been claimed by the SAR prior to the outbreak of war. Immediately after the expiry of the SAR ultimatum on 11 October, 6,000 Boers under the command of General Piet Cronje attempted to seize it.
Strategic importance
The town contained stocks of food, forage and railway material, which would have proved useful to the Boers. In the wider context of the war, the Siege of Mafeking was of greater strategic importance to the British, since it prevented the besiegers from participating in the campaign against them further south.
Colonel Robert Baden-Powell during the Siege of Mafeking, 1899
Sergeant Horace Martineau who won the VC during the siege, 1899
The commander of Mafeking was Colonel Robert Baden-Powell. At the outset of the siege, he had at his disposal 750 locally raised troops and a force of 400 irregulars formed from the townspeople. In addition, more than 600 black Africans were employed as cattle guards. The civilian population of the town numbered 650 Europeans and 7,000 Africans.
Baden-Powell decided to defend a perimeter around 7.5 miles (12km) long around the town. As the siege progressed, the military role of the armed black population became increasingly important.
Baden-Powell had an ambivalent attitude towards the black Africans in Mafeking, without whose assistance the town would quickly have fallen. He reduced their rations during the siege and by playing down their contribution ensured that they received little reward after it.
A Boer Nordenfelt-Maxim machine gun at Mafeking, 1900
British defenders of Bradley's Fort at Mafeking, 1900
The Boer bombardment of Mafeking began on 16 October. After Cronje left on 19 November and command devolved to General J Snyman, the siege became less energetic. It lasted 217 days and was the longest of the war.
By the time the town was relieved on 17 May, battle casualties on both sides had reached 463. Its relief led to riotous celebrations throughout Britain and made Baden-Powell a national hero.
Official keys to Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, presented to Lord Roberts following its capture on 13 March 1900
Lord Roberts at Pretoria, capital of the South African Republic, captured on 5 June 1900
British success
Following the end of the sieges, the war gradually turned Britain's way. By the end of May 1900, the British had overrun the Orange Free State. And by October, the Transvaal had been annexed.
Yet the British found that they only controlled the ground their columns physically occupied. As soon as the troops left a town or district, their control of that area faded away.
The attack on General Piet Cronje's force at Vedute Drift near Paardeberg, February 1900
Battle of Spion Kop
Relief of Kimberley
Battle of Paardeburg
Surrender of General Piet Cronje at Paardeburg
Relief of Ladysmith
British occupation of Bloemfontein
Battles of Glencoe and Dundee
Relief of Mafeking
Annexation of the Orange Free State
Battle of Doornkop
British occupation of Pretoria
Battle of Diamond Hill
Surrender of General Marthinus Prinsloo in the Brandwater Basin
Annexation of the South African Republic
Lord Roberts calls on the Boers to surrender
Lord Kitchener succeeds Roberts as Commander-in-Chief
Concentration camps introduced
Mounted infantry watering their horses, South Africa, 1901
Embroidered blockhouse by a soldier of the Essex Regiment, 1900
Many Boers fought on and 18 months of cruel guerrilla warfare were to follow the annexations. To control the countryside the British built stone and corrugated iron blockhouses that were manned by permanent garrisons, connected by telephone and barbed-wire fencing.
Farms burnt
To prevent the guerrillas from obtaining supplies, information and assistance, the British burnt thousands of farms and destroyed crops. The burnings were also undertaken as a punishment to the locals for supporting the guerrillas.
A British Army blockhouse, 1901
The City Imperial Volunteers burning a farm at Frederickstrad, 1901
'We must put a stop to these raids on our railway and telegraph lines, and the best way will be to let the inhabitants understand that they cannot be continued with impunity. Troops are now available and a commencement should be made tomorrow by burning De Wet's farm… He like all Free Staters now fighting against us is a rebel and must be treated as such. Let it be known all over the country that in the event of any damage being done to the railway or telegraph the nearest farm will be burnt to the ground.'
Letter from Lord Roberts to Lord Kitchener, 14 June 1900
Boer women and children at a concentration camp, c1901
The British also confined Boer families and black Africans in a network of concentration camps. As well as removing a means of support for the guerrillas, it was believed the presence of Boer families in the camps would make soldiers in the field surrender.
Accommodation in the camps was poor. Water and food were in short supply, and medical and sanitary facilities almost non-existent. Sickness became widespread. In all, 28,000 Boers, mainly women and children, died in the camps. Around half that number of black Africans died in separate camps.
'I call this camp system a wholesale cruelty… To keep these camps going is murder to the children... They drop in the terrible heat, and with the insufficient unsuitable food; whatever you do, whatever the authorities do, and they are, I believe, doing their best with very limited means, it is all only a miserable patch on a great ill. Thousands, physically unfit, are placed in conditions of life which they have not strength to endure. In front of them is blank ruin… If only the English people would try to exercise a little imagination – picture the whole miserable scene. Entire villages rooted up and dumped in a strange, bare place.'
Emily Hobhouse, 1901
The policy proved to be counter-productive. It aroused widespread criticism at home and abroad because of the fatalities. Emily Hobhouse was instrumental in raising public awareness of the camps. She also organised a relief effort to aid the victims.
Her campaign forced an embarrassed government to act. Milner's civilian authorities took over the camps' administration from the Army and conditions slowly improved.
The policy was also militarily flawed. By relieving the Boer 'bitter enders' of responsibility for their families, it allowed them to concentrate on fighting. Later on, Lord Kitchener reversed this policy and encouraged his men to leave Boer families to be cared for by the enemy. This hampered Boer mobility and forced many to give up the struggle.
French anti-British caricature about the camps, c1901
Royal Engineers preparing to blow up a Boer farm, c1901
While regular troops swept the countryside in a 'scorched earth' policy, mounted infantry units tracked down the remaining mobile Boer guerrillas, engaging in small skirmishes and ambushes.
Eventually, these policies forced the Boers to seek terms. On 31 May 1902, the Treaty of Vereeniging was signed and the Boers accepted British sovereignty but with limited self-government. The Boer republics were fully integrated into the Union of South Africa in 1910.
The last stand of the 17th Lancers at Modderfontein, 17 September 1901
Kitchener and Louis Botha meet at Middelburg to discuss peace
Boer leaders captured in arms to be banished
Property of Boers still fighting to be sold
Dutch government offers to mediate
Battle of Tweebosch
Boer peace delegates meet Kitchener at Pretoria
Treaty of Vereeniging signed
A Boer War ambush, c1901
General Lord Kitchener in South Africa, 1901
First modern war
The British Army used a variety of technological innovations during the war. Although some had been used in previous campaigns, it was the scale of their employment in South Africa which was exceptional.
The distances involved in South Africa led to the extensive use of the electric telegraph and field telephone.
Field telegrapher sending news of victory at Klip Drift, 1899
Balloon Corps transport during the advance on Johannesburg, 1899
Balloons and trains
Hot air balloons were used for observation and directing artillery. Railways played an important part in the campaign and were frequently attacked by the Boers.
To counter this threat, armoured trains regularly patrolled the main routes. Winston Churchill, then a war-correspondent, was travelling on board one such train when it was ambushed by Boer commandos.
Searchlights, powered by mobile generators, were used to light up the railway and facilitate track repairs at night.
An armoured train carrying a searchlight, 1900
A six-inch naval gun mounted on a railway truck, 1899
Engines and horses
Steam traction engines were used to move heavy loads along roads and across countryside, thereby helping to conserve draught animals, which had only a short life expectancy in South Africa. A similar fate awaited the majority of horses used by the mounted troops.
These animals were all too frequently put to work unacclimatised, ill-fed and ill-cared for. During the course of the war, some 350,000 horses and 50,000 mules perished.
Steam tractors towing 5-inch naval guns, 1900
Dead and dying horses in South Africa, c1900
The war not only involved large numbers of men, animals and machines operating over an enormous area, it also resulted in physical destruction on a massive scale.
The farm burnings, railway sabotage and devastation in the countryside created difficulties in maintaining food supplies, particularly for the British Army who could not live off the land like their enemy.
Railway bridge at Kroonstadt blown up by the Boers, 1901
Burning a Boer farm, 1901
While the Boers were unable to hold their British captives for any length of time, the British developed a network of camps for Boer prisoners in South Africa, Bermuda, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), India, and St Helena.
The war mobilised the resources of the British Empire and cost the British government £210 million (over £25 billion today). It resulted in more than 120,000 British and Imperial casualties, including 22,000 dead. Two thirds of the deaths were caused by disease and inadequate medical provision.
Boer prisoners of war arriving on St Helena, 1901
Bone and hair watch chain made by a Boer prisoner in India, 1902
Imperial lesson
The writer Rudyard Kipling remarked of the war, 'We have had an imperial lesson.' But the British Army learned from its defeats at the hands of the Boers.
Reforms in tactics, equipment and administration were introduced in the years after the conflict. These changes meant that when the Army marched to war in 1914, it was the best equipped and trained force ever to leave British shores.
Members of The Royal Munster Fusiliers in South Africa, c1899
Africa Empire 1900s
Frederick Roberts: Bobs
Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts was one of Britain's most successful military commanders of the 19th century, winning victories during the Second Afghan War and revitalising the British campaign in the Boer War.
Herbert Kitchener: The taskmaster
Field Marshal Herbert Kitchener was famous for colonial victories in the Sudan and South Africa. Later, he helped build Britain's first mass army during the First World War.
Jan Smuts: The warrior-statesman
Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts successfully led troops against Britain in the Boer War. He later commanded the South African Defence Force fighting alongside British soldiers in several First World War campaigns.
Egypt and the Sudan
British forces occupied Egypt in 1882 to safeguard the Suez Canal and British financial interests. This led to further intervention in the neighbouring Sudan, where two wars against rebellious Islamic tribesmen were fought in hostile desert conditions.
In 1879, the British fought a war against the Zulu kingdom. The Zulus resisted bravely and were only defeated after a series of particularly bloody battles that have gone down in the annals of colonial warfare.
1914: To arms
The outbreak of war in August 1914 was greeted with enthusiasm in Britain. But to meet its commitment to its allies, the nation would have to expand its small professional army and make it ready for war as quickly as possible.
"First time @NAM_London today. Thoroughly enjoyed it. Thought the presentation & interpretation made the subject accessible..."
Sign up to the National Army Museum newsletter
Be the first to hear about our latest events, exhibitions and offers. Simply enter your email address below to start receiving our monthly email newsletter.
To find out more about how we collect, store and use your personal information, read our Privacy Policy.
Play Base
Museums liaison
Museums training programme
Regimental and Corps Museum networks
National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, London, SW3 4HT


Discovery Place Field Trip – Van Gogh Alive!
Today I went with our amazing MS Art teachers to the Discovery Place to see the Van Gogh Alive exhibit. It was amazing. I highly recommend going to see it if it comes to a city near you! It was vey moving.
In seventh grade we do an integrated cross curricular culminating project called "Architecture as Activism". The students select a region that have learned about in social studies this year. They then design a building that will address a need in that region. Their building must reflect the culture, geography, and ecology of the region. There are other aspects to the project as well, including an action plan and a letter, so it spans all of the disciplines.
I start the culminating project off in math. We first learn about floor symbols and floor plan scale. Before they start their culminating project, they do a mini-project so they can learn about and practice scale and area. For their mini-project they get to design a new multi-purpose building for our school. It has to be under 1,000 square feet and must include a bathroom, a storage closet, and some furniture. Since 1,000 square feet is pretty small many of my students are adding outdoor features and courtyard. Interesting building configurations make excellent area problems. Also, students do not realize how small 1,000 square feet really is. They have to make tough choices or be creative enough to make it all fit.
I'm so excited about the "Hour of Code". And, after showing my students some of the promo videos today, they were excited too! So excited that they begged me for the link so that they could start tonight. Visit csedweek.org for all of the details!
The goal is to have 10 million students participate in coding this week. Here is why you should do it with your students.
It's easy (minimal teacher prep). Code.org provides many self-guided online student tutorials for ages K-12.
Kids LOVE it. I introduced it by showing my students the promo videos. My 7th grade students got so excited! There are 1 minute, 5 minute, and 9 minute versions.
You can use computers and other devices. They also have suggestions for classes with only a few computers. If you do not have computer access, they even have off-line activities.
It's great for their BRAINS.
After I gave them the link, students were already working on it today in their free time and at home tonight. One student emailed me her certificate of participation after completing the first tutorial!
Here is an "Hour of Code" Walkthrough video for teachers. I watched this first. I am doing our hour tomorrow in class and will let you know if I have any tips.
Also, these stats will convince you!
I discovered the books, "If the World Were A Village" by David Smith at a local math conference two years ago. I would love to explore the math in this books with my class but have not come up with a good lesson for it yet. I am posting about this now to get my links together, inspire myself, and maybe get some ideas from the amazing math teachers that read my blog.
If you have lessons or activities surrounding this concept, please share them in the comments with me! Once I get something together, I will tell you all about it.
Please share links if you have any.
As much as I love teaching math, sometimes wish I taught social studies. History is so much fun!
In our 6th grade curriculum the students do a interdisciplinary project on the Middle Ages. They study the Middle Ages in Social Studies, read period books and fairy tales in Language Arts, create Middle Age art, and even learn popular dances from the Middle Ages in dance class. With all of the Middle Age fun coursing through the 6th grade, I could not be left out in math class!
I created "The Land of Matheval" for our Medieval Mathematics Unit. Matheval was a fictional medieval community comprised of my 25 6th grade students. I let all of my students pick a person from the Middle Age to become and research. We were studying percents, ratios, and rates so I wanted to look at the percentages of the different classes of people of the Middle Ages. To study rates, I decided to focus on the death rate of the Black Death across Europe.
When people think of the Middle Ages, they often think of Kings, Queens, and knights. However, nobility was only about 1% of the population. In our class we investigated the percentage of the Medieval population that was nobility (1%), monks and priests (5-10%), and commoners (90%). We then took those percentages and applied them to our 25 6th graders to see how many of each class we would have. We had to do a little rounding and estimating so that we didn't end up with half a person. We ended up with 1 member of nobility, 1 monk and 1 priest, and 22 commoners. The students were quite surprised that there was only one member of nobility among us!
I had the students draw their role from a hat to decide if they would be nobility, clergy, or common. After drawing, we talked briefly about roles of commoners in the Middle Ages. They had been discussing this in more depth in Social Studies so were already familiar with the roles. The commoners got to pick a job. For part of their homework, they were to enter their job and provide a brief description of their responsibilities on a Google Document that I created. I told them that since we were such a small community they could not duplicate jobs.
After they picked their roles I told them that we would be studying the Black Death. I explained that many people in Europe died from the Black Death. For part of their homework that night, they were to go onto their Google Docs and estimate their chance of survival according to the job that they had picked. This was when the students realized it was NOT a good time to have picked being a rat catcher!
Day 4: Rate of Death – The Black Death Arrives!
This day was one of those amazing teaching days that you wish you could have every, single day! I arranged for the art teacher to dramatically interrupt our class to announce that the Pestilence had arrived! What I didn't know was that our art teacher was also the director of our school theatre productions OR that the social studies teacher would also join in the fun! About five minutes into class, the art teacher exploded through our door screaming, "The Pestilence has arrived!" before dropping dead in our doorway. She was then dragged out by their social studies teacher. This was immensely entertaining and made QUITE an impression on my students! With urgency, I told our students that our plans must stop at once today! We needed to stop everything and learn more about THE BLACK DEATH!
We discussed the spread of the Black Death throughout Europe by analyzing graphs and charts I had on a Powerpoint. We researched the population of Europe from 1347 to 1352 and discovered that 25 million people had died in 5 years. We then calculated how many people died each year, each month, and each day! As we continued on with our calculations, the numbers became more and more manageable (and thus realistic) for the students. They wanted more, so we then calculated how many people died each hour and finally, how many people died each minute.
When the class was back, seated and winded, we discussed what had happened. At hearing the Black Death was coming, what did all of my students do? THEY RAN. What happened to them anyway? THEY ALL DIED. But, what did they do in the meantime? They spread the Black Death across the entire Woodlawn Campus! We talked about how this was human nature, and many people in Europe probably reacted the same way that they did. They fled, and they spread the Black Death.
I then opened the Google Doc and we looked at their estimated chance of survival. After what we learned about the rate of death, we updated their percentages as a class.
It was a fantastic week, it was an amazingly fun lesson, and my students have not stopped begging for more activities like the Black Death!
The 7th grade class at my school is currently working on a cross-curricular Japanese Anime project where they creating their own stop-motion animated films based upon environmental themes. The students work in groups and come up with their own idea relating to the theme, the characters they would like to use, and how they would like to present their message. Then, in the classic stop-motion animation style, they take a series of pictures that they edit in imovie to create an animated film.
The project, The Animated Classroom: Using Japanese Anime to Engage and Motivate Students, was recently written up in the September edition of the English Journal. For the math aspect of this project, the students read and timed their entire movie, and then read and timed each scene. The art teacher and her previous students had determined that they would need 2-3 pictures per second to make the animation appear "smooth". So I had my students calculate the range for the number of pictures they would need for their total movie and for each scene based on this estimate. It is important that the students take enough pictures as it is often difficult to go back and take more pictures once the shooting is over.
The students take all of the shots and do their own editing. The characters in their movies can be anything from lego figures to barbies and paper dolls, or they can draw on a whiteboard. An interesting part of the project for students is determining the angles to take the shots from, and how much they should pan or zoom. Since the characters aren't alive, it would be very boring (and not very animated) for the characters to be just standing facing each other during the talking.
Fortunately, I am friends with Matt Clark, the two-time Emmy nominated Director of Photography of the NBC hit show 30Rock. With this project looming, and all of these camera angle questions in mind, who else better to ask than an extremely talented and exceptionally good-natured cinematographer?
Thanks to Skype, we were able to live stream Matt into my NC classroom directly from 30Rock's NYC set! Thanks to a overhead projector, we were able to put his face on the BIG screen! However, for him to see the students, they had to sit in front of the computer when they asked their questions. We also hooked into the sound system in the room, and it was great hearing his voice overhead! But there was too feedback, so we had to go back to computer audio.
Each group collaborated before the interview and came up with the questions they wanted to ask him. The students came up with some fabulous questions and I was impressed by their professionalism. It is so hard to believe that they are only 12 and 13 years old sometimes. They are an amazing group of students! Some of the questions the groups asked about were camera angles, panning, zooming and the amount of hours it took to film a 30 minute episode (the answer is 60 hours!). Thanks Matt for the math lead there – we are going to find that rate tomorrow in class and see how their filming hours and finished film time compare to 30Rock.
Click here to watch a video segment of our Skype call!
The video is on YouTube now but will be embedded once Zamzar is finished converting it!
Tomorrow the art teacher is going to have the students chose two of Matt's suggestions to incorporate into their film. It should be another exciting day!
Wiki's, Google Docs, and Population Density in Math!
On Friday I did an integration unit with social studies. They are studying Japan and population density. We got wifi in our building late Wednesday night, so I decided it was time to "break out" the laptops on Friday!
I used a fabulous lesson that I found on NCTM Illuminations called "Five's A Crowd". It was a great activity so I only had to modify it slightly. It covered population density, ratios, and even estimation! And, it had a game element so it was very fun! I used their grid worksheet but modified their game sheet. Of course it was my first time doing anything like this so we had some bumps in the road, but next year it will be so much better!
1) First the students distributed rice onto grids to visually compare population density of two communities, and to create a definition of population density. The only thing I had at home that was small enough for the grids was arborio rice. So, I used colored paper so the rice would show up better. The kids loved the rice (apparently it was tasty and of course I let them eat it after the activity was over). But, it was very hard to move around because it was so small. Next year I am going to enlarge the grids and use a small dried bean – like black beans.
2) Then we talked about the density of the United States. We wrote down the exact population and area of the US and then I had them estimate the population density without using a calculator using the definition that we found in number 1.
3) Next, I gave them the "game sheets" and they had 5 minutes to try to estimate the 5 densest countries in the world using lists I had compiled and put on the wiki.
I used Box to put the files on the wiki and some kids could not download the files (it was freezing). NEXT year I will just put the PDF on the wiki.
My kids needed longer than 5 minutes. I had them write down the exact population and area of the places we picked and THEN estimate (not calculate). So, it took them longer than I thought. 10 minutes next year!
4) When I finally made them stop (and they didn't want to), we were seriously running out of time. So, even though I had planned to have them enter all five countries into a Google Document spreadsheet that I had created, I only asked them to enter their MOST dense country. They were to enter their country, their exact data, and their estimate. Then, I had a column that calculated the exact density so we could see how close their estimate was. Then, I was going to sort their list and pull in the top 20 most densely populated countries to see how good their estimates were.
This is when my lesson went HAYWIRE.
First of all, I didn't even know if the Google Docs were going to work. I didn't want to spend time having students sign up for accounts or sign-in so I made my document editable by everyone. If they couldn't enter the info, we would have skipped this part. But, voila! It worked!!
They entered the data in crazy places (ie – they deleted my title column "Countries" with their county's name).
Since they were doing it all at the same time, everyone clicked on ROW 1 to enter their data -at the same time. Thus, one kid would start typing and then another kid would accidentally erase it.
Some students thought the deleting thing was too hilarious to resist and started deleting each others entries, it really became a "deleting war" at the end. They thought it was funny – I (and some students) did not appreciate that.
With all of the craziness that ensued I barely got to throw up all of the amazing population density graphs I had found AND play with the SORTABLE wikipedia population density by country data that I found. I would have liked to spend so much more time on this stuff!
Overall, though I still think the lesson was a smashing success because it was interesting, fun, and even exciting! It was very enriching to add real life statistics and integrate their current social studies lessons into pre-algebra! I NOW know what to expect when using Google Docs with a whole class of students at once and can prepare them, in advance! ALL of these snafu's were completely my fault and could have been easily prevented with proper instruction on HOW to use Google Docs to the students. Too bad for me I just didn't know those instructions in advance. But, I think that we all learn best by doing it ourselves and I learned so much from this lesson!
I can't wait to use Google Docs again in the future!


text:
north sentinel island
Cheers and Jeers, Not Tears for Dead Missionaries
November 24, 2018 December 16, 2018 / geotrickster	/ 6 Comments
'Come in and meet our Gods,
This is not your day.'
~Korpiklaani
North Sentinel Island is a place most people never heard of before this week. I recall finding out about it about ten years ago when I saw an article and some photos about a helicopter being driven away by the impressively long range arrows of the inhabitants (known by us, if surely not themselves, as the Sentinelese). I had forgotten about it for quite some time until I was reminded this week of the place because of the death of missionary John Allen Chau.
One thing that makes me overjoyed is that the overall reaction of people, if the internet is any judge, is one of overwhelming hostility to this man and his mission. Had this story came to news prominence in, say, 2004 or about, no doubt reactions would be split 50/50 in the American media as we were still in a mindless post 9/11 fervor where rallying around the flag also meant rallying around the cross for many. And no doubt the people who recognized that such a person would deserve their death would have still treaded on eggshells disproportionately. This was, after all, the time of the Bush administration- evangelical alliance's height before a countless barrage of sex scandals and their total inability to not make asses of themselves caused the growing brand of theologically inclined social reactionaries to start crawling back under the rock from whence they had first emerged in the 80s.
But not today. John Allen Chau is clearly and rightly seen by most people as anywhere from dangerously deranged to downright evil. His attempt to contact a tribe that has kept the outside world at an arms length for tens of thousands of years was a monstrous breach of any sense of remotely logical ethics, if for no reason than the very real danger a man of globalized world's bodily pathogens coming into contact with an isolated people who are likely to have very few immunities to anything he might be carrying. To put it succinctly, he very well could have committed unintentional genocide of an entire culture just so that he could spread his religion. A culture, by the way, that no one off of the island can even communicate with.
This is the first and obvious take away from this situation. Sure, the Indian government wants to protect people from the tribe, who have clearly taken an isolationist stance since they were first invaded by a small British exploration force in the Victorian era…but they also want to protect the community from literal biological death. It has happened enough (and often at the hands of missionaries themselves) in human history that this should be a no-brainer. While it is clearly irregular for a group of humans to still be so isolated, its uniqueness also argues in favor of protecting them. They might survive in situations were many of the rest of us would not. And to maintain constant habitation of one place for so long clearly implies they want for little and are clearly doing something right. I am no romantic primitivist, I know far too much of history for that, but what works works in each ecological niche. And part of appreciating human diversity is appreciating that individuals and groups alike also have the right to opt out-even if in an ideal world all children of said groups can also choose to opt-in, if they so desire.
But this is where I stop giving you the typical arguments you can find anywhere, and were I go into territory many commentators won't. This is where I get mean. Because Chau was not a misguided but good hearted man, or even just a criminally negligent man (though he certainly was that too), but a bad man. The kind of man we should discourage from even showing their faces in a remotely self-respecting society, much less other societies.
Even if it were not for the obvious biohazards of the situation, I would still laugh and cheer and the death of John Allen Chau and people like him. Not only do I believe that the Sentinelese acted in self defense, I also believe that they did the world itself a favor. Be it tribal, rural, or urban, human society has had enough Chau's in the past two thousand years. Such people are the lowest level of scum to be found on this planet. If you doubt me you need only be aware that according to the diary his own family released that he wrote, he referred to North Sentinel Island, possibly the most stable and by some metrics successful society on Earth still around today, as 'Satan's Last Stronghold.' Yup. Swell guy.
Christianity and Islam, those two incestuous brothers of trying to take a Jewish ethno-cult and turn it into a universal global religion, are by far the biggest two ideological scourges on this planet. Both past and present. The reason they are so uniformly prone to aggressive expansion, thought policing, and being unable to rest while The Pagan Other still lurks ominously in their fever dreams is because they have only one absolute god, who they also maintain is the god of everyone. And the only way to get closer to said god, of course, is to kowtow to their theologians who have only the correct interpretations. In its most diseases sects they can also stress that pure belief, rather than community or being useful to society, is the most noble of goals.
This, which could be argued is the true invention of virtue signaling as ideology, has to have been the worst idea any human has yet had. It has delivered no measurable or material positives while also giving many negatives, especially in regards to the destruction or near destruction of numerous cultures of people and artwork. Including literally all of the Americas. Pagan gods could be ruthless, but it was an honest ruthlessness that didn't pretend also to be your Very Concerned and Loving David Koresh like Father. Gods across the polytheistic world were adopted in each other pantheons or merged together all the time. People of various personality and professional persuasions had their own gods and cults far better suited to their interests of choice than one bland, homogenizing, and yes dare I say, neoliberal, omnigod who was to be all things to everyone at once. Despite the many artistic accomplishments of Christian and Muslim artists once the initial fires of fanatic faith burned out leaving the craving for culture in its wake, these still remained at periodic risk due to revivalist and reformist movements who often re-awakened the latent puritanism of the original dark days of the faith. From Calvinism in the 17th Century to Wahhabiism in the 18th Century and ISIS today, all of us who live within majority Abrahamic societies must live in fear of the worst messianic instincts of our foolish fellow citizens who follow such ideologies rising up in periodic resurgences of insanity. All of us who deviate from their norm in thought, sexuality, or creed must always stand on guard to protect the precious innovation that is secularism simply because such people exist.
But lest I go over previous treated ground on a sad cultural legacy of monotheism and fanaticism and how it still lives with us today, I want to specifically mention the sheer entitlement of the modern American Christian missionary and why they, as a class, are never to be mourned when they die doing such ridiculous cultural invasions as that of Chau on North Sentinel Island.
While I started this essay with an expression of happiness at the overall attitude toward this fool's death exhibited by the public, there are, of course, dissenters. Almost all of whom are evangelical and fundamentalist Christians in America and (probably also) Western Africa and enclaves in Latin America. I'm not going to drive up any of the traffic of these fool websites and commentators, but I can sum up what I have found.
There is a near universal consensus by such types that they are a persecuted people. They point to people being mean about their fellow traveler online and how the Indian government will not prosecute (someone even called the police for this 'murder'-the American police no less-these people are beyond parody). They try to draw a connection between the Modi government of India and this totally excluded and autonomous island. But lets be real, a fundamental aspect of Christianity has been and probably will always be crying 'persecution!' They do it when they are the majority community who sets all the standards, they do it when they are the *only* people around and then subdivide into numerous warring sects for they apparently cannot even exist without sectarian strife. They do it when someone they are oppressing merely complains about their being oppressed, they do it when they see something they disagree with, and they do it when people don't buy shitty chicken sandwiches from a chain restaurant. Their societies have enslaved and exterminated too many to tell and yet the deaths of those at the hands of societies that resist is somehow an attack on all of them and a great tragedy. And naturally, if you point this out they say 'not all Christians!' For a people so eager to generalize all of the planet that exists outside of their yoke, they are remarkably adamant that you never generalize them.
Foolish 'secular humanist' types can also follow this trope by lamenting the loss of life, as if pacifism ever got anyone anywhere. But a humanist is just a secular Christian when it comes to values so the point still stands. History is not a teleology with a heroic endgame or moral platitude that triumphs, its a mass of cycles of chaos and circumstances alone determines who stands and falls. But on those rare moments when a choice can be made…just shoot the fucking missionary.
When we see such events as Chau's misguided adventure and death we should not hesitate to be as mean about it as possible. We should celebrate such victories as many of us would be better off had our societies resisted the missionary as well. He had it coming. That empty-headed smile he shows in his selfies is a testament to the bland mediocrities who often crawl through this planet with designs of 'saving' the world from divergent thought. He is the photogenic Christian version of those smiling jihadist selfies of those wreaking devastation on the culture and people of the Iraqi/Syrian border but bourgeois and socially acceptable. The policies of the 17th Century Tokugawa Shogunate and 19th Century Kingdom of Madagascar to remove the Christian population as harbingers of a coming colonialism and as a matter of national security were not misguided, but correct. Religious freedom can only work under either polytheism or secularism, which means the freedoms of those who don't believe in freedom must be curtailed. Knowing this its about time to make the profession of missionary as extinct as that of court eunuch, foot binder, or witch hunter.
For old but cool footage of both brief trade and then conflict with the Sentenelese, see:
For a Finnish musical take on this topic from the correct perspective which I quoted at the top, see:


The Terazzo Candle is a unique accessory perfect for adding ambience to your favourite rooms. Black wax offers contemporary touch, encased in monochrome terazzo for a sleek, pretty accent piece. The round candle features three wicks for atmospheric illumination.


text:
Systems Science and Industrial Engineering
Professional and Academic Advisors
Mark D. Poliks
Director, CAMM; Professor; Undergraduate Director;
Small Scale Systems Integration and Packaging; Systems Science and Industrial Engineering
mpoliks@binghamton.edu
CE A1113
Mark D. Poliks is Empire Innovation Professor of Engineering, Professor of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Director of the Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing (CAMM, A New York State Center of Advanced Technology) at the State University of New York at Binghamton. In 2006 he established the first research center (CAMM), to explore the application of roll-to-roll processing methods, including large-area photolithography, to flexible electronics and displays, with equipment funding from the United States Display Consortium (USDC) and the Army Research Lab. His research is in the areas of industry relevant topics that include: high performance electronics packaging, flexible hybrid electronics, medical and industrial sensors, materials, processing, aerosol jet printing, roll-to-roll manufacturing, in-line quality control and reliability. He has received more than $20M in research funding from Federal, New York State and corporate sources and more than $30M in equipment funding from federal and state sources. He is the recipient of the SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Research. He leads the New York State Node of the DoD NextFlex Manufacturing USA and was named a 2017 NextFlex Fellow. He has authored more than one-hundred technical papers and holds forty-eight US patents. Previously he held senior technical management positions at IBM Microelectronics and Endicott Interconnect. Poliks is a member of technical councils for the FlexTech Alliance, NBMC and NextFlex, and on the NextFlex Governing Council. He is an active member of the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society Electronic Component and Technology Conference and served and the 69th ECTC General Chair. Poliks received dual undergraduate degrees, with honors, in chemistry and mathematics from the University of Massachusetts and a Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut in materials science and engineering. He was a McDonnell-Douglas post-doctoral fellow working on solid-state magnetic resonance at Washington University, St. Louis before starting his career at IBM.
BS, University of Massachusetts
MS, PhD, University of Connecticut
Flexible electronics and roll-to-roll manufacturing


text:
JHud & Hannah Waddingham Refuse to Date Guys Who Can Sing Better Than Them
Music September 15, 2022
Hannah Waddingham is sharing her dating deal-breakers!
Thursday on "The Jennifer Hudson Show," the "Ted Lasso" star sat down with Jennifer Hudson and the two ladies discussed what would turn them off a love interest.
While Hannah says she doesn't like cats (because she believes they're full of themselves and think of their owner as staff!), the actress does have her own pet feline and it's not the biggest deal-breaker for her.
However, both Hannah and JHud said they would not date men who are better singers than they are! Recounting her years doing musical theater, Hannah says she couldn't stand it when a male co-star would finish off a note better than she could.
After Jennifer agreed, Hannah joked that there is not a single person who Jenn could date!
But the British star has one exception — and that exception just so happens to be JHud's crush/co-coach on "The Voice UK"!
During the interview, Hannah revealed that she fancies singer Tom Jones and would tackle Jennifer to the floor to get to him!
"Where do you start?" Hannah exclaimed when asked what she likes about the crooner. "He's so hot… So hot! When [Jennifer and Tom] sing, I'm an absolute mess. Seriously! It's just clash of the titans."
"He knows every song there is. Every song and every person. Just to sit and listen to him speak… And then he got this swag like no other. That's what I love about him," Jenn added.
Watch Hannah and JHud's fangirl moment, below.
Speaking of fangirling, Hannah also dished about her love for "Abbott Elementary" star Sheryl Lee Ralph, as well as her "Hocus Pocus 2" co-stars Bette Midler, Kathy Najimy, and Sarah Jessica Parker.
Right before the 2022 Emmys on Monday, Hannah — who won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series the year prior — told fellow nominee Sheryl on the red carpet, "Are you ready? I hope you're ready because it's your night, lady."
Follow us on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok
Lo and behold, Sheryl won the award and gave a beautiful speech where she sang a few lines from Dianne Reeves' "Endangered Species."
"My God, was she ready with the most magnificent speech!" Hannah said. "Even thinking about it nearly [brings] me to tears because we're older women who've been here a long time. It was absolutely beautiful."
On "Hocus Pocus 2," Hannah was asked to meet her co-stars but was initially hesitant.
"Oh no no! Oh no no! I think they're probably busy," Hannah said, comparing herself to a "competition winner."
But during the meeting, Hannah was instantly charmed by SJP, JHud's co-star in "Sex and the City."
"With Sarah Jessica, who I know you know so well, she was the only one that had a mask on, and I wanted to go [gestures pulling off mask], 'Hello!'"
Watch, below!
"The Jennifer Hudson Show" airs weekdays. Check your local listings.
JHud Looks Lovely in Lavender Chatting with Hannah Waddingham & Colman Domingo
Viola Davis Explains Why She Got Baptized with a Speedo on Her Head!
Yvonne Orji on Hosting Funerals: 'All I Know Is My Checks Cleared, Jennifer'
#CelebrityInterviews
More in Music
Samara Joy Shares Exciting Moment She Found Out She Was a Grammy Nominee
Reneé Rapp: Get to Know 'The Sex Lives of College Girls' Star
The Best of Viral Kid Dancer Indy Bugg on Instagram
Get to Know Country Singer Chase Rice
Michael Chiklis on Watching JHud Sing: 'One of the Most Incredible Live Performances'
Music Looper Queen Ife's Most Viral Moments


text:
APPLIED MATERIALS, INC. (AMAT)
Industries: equipment, hardware
Applied provides manufacturing equipment, services and software to the semiconductor, display, and solar photovoltaic industries.
BV including aggregate dividends 15.4% 12.9% 8.5%
ROE 54.6% 44.2% 22.7% 16%
ROA 21.6% 18% 11.5% 9.6%
EPS $3.94 48.7% 58.8% 25.4%
Annual dividends $0.70 75% 12.4% 11.3%
On March 29, 2000, Applied acquired Etec, a supplier of mask pattern generating equipment for the semiconductor and electronics industries, in a stock-for-stock merger accounted for as a pooling-of-interests. Applied issued approximately 29 million shares of its common stock in conjunction with this transaction, and recorded a one-time, pre-tax operating expense of $40 million for costs associated with the merger. Additionally, Applied recorded a one-time, pre-tax operating expense of $14 million ($6.5 million in cost of products sold and $7.5 million in general and administrative expenses) in the second fiscal quarter of 2000 to conform Etec's accounting policies to those of Applied.
On September 15, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the repurchase of 145 million shares of Applied common stock for an initial purchase price of $2.5 billion in cash under an accelerated stock buyback program. The repurchase was executed by Goldman, Sachs & Co. pursuant to agreements that include a two-way market purchase price adjustment based on the volume weighted average market trading price of Applied common stock over the subsequent four-month period. On that date, the Board of Directors also approved a new stock repurchase program for up to $5.0 billion in repurchases over the next three years, ending September 2009.
Acquisition (Nov. 10, 2011)
On November 10, 2011, Applied completed the acquisition of Varian, a public company manufacturer of semiconductor processing equipment and the leading supplier of ion implantation equipment used by chip makers around the world, for an aggregate purchase price of $4.2 billion in cash, net of cash acquired and assumed earned equity awards of $27 million, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of May 3, 2011. Applieds primary reasons for this acquisition were to complement existing product offerings and to provide opportunities for future growth. Varian designs, markets, manufactures and services ion implantation systems. These systems are primarily used in the manufacture of transistors, which are a basic building block of integrated circuits (ICs) or microchips. Ion implantation systems create a beam of electrically charged particles called ions, which are implanted into transistor structures at precise locations and depths, changing the electrical properties of the semiconductor device. These implantation systems may also be used in other areas of IC manufacture for modifying the material properties of the semiconductor devices, as well as in manufacturing crystalline-silicon solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Applied allocated the purchase price of this acquisition to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values. Applied recorded $2.5 billion in goodwill, which represented the excess of the purchase price over the aggregate estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition. Of this amount, $1.7 billion of goodwill was allocated to the Silicon Systems Group segment, and the remainder was allocated to the Applied Global Services segment. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.


What strategies has the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security implemented to promote local and foreign investment in the agriculture sector?
The government is in the process of implementing both its agriculture development strategy and agriculture investment plan. With the new cycle of government, over the coming five years our development strategy will aim to increase production by expanding productivity in agriculture. We want to consolidate what we have done with products where we have already reached self-sufficiency, such as maize and cassava. We have plans to become self-sufficient in other products over the next five years too, and for that a certain level of public investment will be implemented, particularly related to infrastructure like roads and bridges, as well as investment in energy supply to the emerging agricultural industry. Our key goal is to follow through on a sustainable agriculture development strategy. We have developed a package of fiscal incentives and more favorable duty regimes for agriculture. Most imports of agricultural equipment, such as tractors and pipes for irrigation, will be duty free as part of this policy. Spare parts for those goods will face low levels of taxation, and throughout the six agriculture development corridors we plan to develop agriculture duty free zones to make the country more attractive in terms of investment. We want to transfer that experience to the other agricultural corridors, as investors will be more attracted to investments with low taxation for farming imports and the export of agriculture products.
What role are women playing in the agriculture sector and how can they be provided with more access to finance for agriculture?
In Mozambique, the majority of people living in rural areas are living off agriculture, and the majority of these people are women. There are different lines of credit for agriculture farmers designed to empower the small farmers, so if a man or a woman applies for credit in a given bank in which we operate the soft loan system for agriculture, the priority will be given to the woman's project. Each year the president gives an award to the champions, and this year's champion was the women's association in Zambezia province. This was the general award; however, we also have a special category for women, youth, scientists, and field extension work.
What agricultural commodities hold the most potential for foreign investment in Mozambique?
We have three groups of commodities, and 15 commodities that we consider to be strategic for agricultural development in Mozambique, as well as six priority commodities to be developed through a special incentive program and three to four commodities, which we want to re-launch. The priority commodities are maize, poultry, beef, rice, cassava, and vegetables.
How would you describe the evolution of sugar and cashew nut production in the country?
The sugar industry of Mozambique is advancing rapidly. It is a responsible kind of investment in the country because there is a real smart partnership in which private commercial investors come to invest in sugar and produce sugar cane directly on the farm, but they operate with the local chief and local community on a contract basis who then sell to the industrial interests. It is a successful system, and with sugar there is an incentive as we produce enough sugar for our needs but have a free market system to make sure that our sugar will be competitive. Anyone is free to import sugar as long as they pay the 2.5% import tax, meaning you can buy it cheaper locally.
What are your expectations for the country and for the agriculture sector in Mozambique?
The biggest expectation for me is to attract more investment. On the infrastructure side of the business this would be in dams for energy, water supply, and irrigation. We also want to attract more investors for agroprocessing.
Hon. José Condugua Pacheco has been the Minister of Agriculture since October 11, 2010. Prior to becoming Minister of Agriculture, he served as Minister of the Interior from 2005 to 2010. Previously, he was Governor of Cabo Delgado from 1998 to 2005 and Vice-Minister of Agriculture from 1995-1998. From 1990-1995, he served as the National Director for Rural Development, and from 1981-1990, he was the Provincial Agriculture Director for Zambeze Province. He is a certified Agricultural Technology Engineer. He attended Wye College, University of London-UR, and the universities of Minnesota and Wisconsin-Madison.
TBY talks to Emerson Zhou, Executive Director, Beira Agricultural Growth Corridor Partnership (BAGCP), on strategies employed to boost production and exports.
TBY talks to Pedro Moura, Administrator and Member of the Board of Portucel Moçambique, on pulp production, job creation, and the importance of African markets for the company.


The complete name of a flat-headed tapcon is a "flat Phillips countersunk tapcon." The flat-headed tapcon has a Phillips drive so that a Phillips type screwdriver can be used. The 3/16" flat-headed tapcon utilizes a #2-bit tip and the 1/4" requires a #3-bit tip.
The two diameters that are available in the flat-headed tapcon are 3/16" diameter and 1/4" diameter.
Minimum embedment depth of a flat-headed tapcon is 1." Maximum embedment depth of a flat-headed tapcon is 1-3/4".
The hole diameter that needs to be drilled into the base material is critical because the tolerance between the flat-headed tapcon diameter and hole size is critical. The hole must be drilled with a hammer-type drill and by using a carbide-tipped drill bit that meets ANSI standards. The 3/16" diameter hex head tapcon requires a 5/32" hole and the 1/4" diameter flat-headed tapcon requires a 3/16" hole.
The depth of the hole in the base material needs to be a minimum of 1/4" deeper than the flat-headed tapcon will penetrate. This will ensure space for the dust that is created during the tapping process to fall out of the way, ensuring that the flat-headed tapcon will not bottom-out in the hole.
Drill a hole in the base material using a hammer drill and correct diameter bit for the flat-headed tapcon screw being installed.
Depth of hole should be drilled a minimum of 1/4" deeper than flat-headed tapcon would penetrate the base material.


text:
Международный аэропорт имени Лал Бахадур Шастри ()  — государственный аэропорт в Индии, расположен в 26 километрах от города Варанаси. В 2005 году аэропорт назван в честь второго премьера-министра Индии Лал Бахадур Шастри. В 2012 году аэропорт стал международным.

Ссылки
 Международный аэропорт имени Лал Бахадур Шастри Международный аэропорт имени Лал Бахадур Шастри

Здания и сооружения Варанаси
Аэропорты Индии, названные в честь людей

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tasting Notes: One of the most complete chardonnays you will experience. The delicacy of a beautiful Burgundy, yet the robust hints of northern California chardonnay. Your palate will be gently taken from one profile to the next, leaving you with a satisfying finish, making you want for more.
Tasting Notes: Quite aromatic with fragrances of nectarine, white flowers, and straw; nuanced flavors of lime and grapefruit ally with a crisp finish that is skillfully tinged with minerals.
Tasting Notes: A sweet perfume of tart orange, lime, and honeysuckle; on the palate an energetic acidity deposits citrus, tropical fruit and toasted almond; the interwoven flavors linger generously on the finish.
Tasting Notes: A refreshingly delicious sauvignon blanc, it possesses delicate grassy aromas and flavors of citrus, tropical fruit,and green fig; crisp and succulent on the finish.
Tasting Notes: Pale gold in the glass, the nose is a heady mix of tropical and citrus fruits, with a hint of spice. The palate is clean, with good weight and texture. The citrus-driven flavors linger on the long and balanced finish.


Fullerton Bay Hotel is near Collyer Quay; is near Cecil Street; is near Raffles Quay; is near Battery Road; is near Fullerton Road; is near Bayfront Boulevard; is near Finlayson Green; is near D'almedia Street; Fullerton Bay Hotel is geographically located at latitude(1.2833 degrees) 1° 16' 59" North of the Equator and longitude (103.8535 degrees) 103° 51' 12" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of Singapore or JB.
The locations related to Fullerton Bay Hotel are represented by the an airplane flight paths route between two points and may not be nearest by road. For example, Fullerton Bay Hotel is located 0 metres from One On The Bund. Fullerton Bay Hotel is located 0 metres from Clifford Pier. Fullerton Bay Hotel is located 41 metres from Change Alley Aerial Plaza. Fullerton Bay Hotel is located 79 metres from Custom Harbor Front (old). Fullerton Bay Hotel is located 90 metres from 50 Collyer Quay.
Custom Harbor Front (old) is located 0.1 Kilometres away from Fullerton Bay Hotel. Custom Harbor Front (old) - 2 Photo(s) Featured.
Clifford Centre is located 0.1 Kilometres away from Fullerton Bay Hotel. Clifford Centre - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Tip of Central Promontory is located 0.1 Kilometres away from Fullerton Bay Hotel. Tip of Central Promontory - 2 Photo(s) Featured.
Fullerton Hotel 0.3km, Sands Hotel Towers 0.8km, Scarlet Hotel 0.9km, are places to stay (hotel, service apartment, inn) located near Fullerton Bay Hotel.
Golden+Shoe+Car+Park 0.4km, Far East Square 0.6km, One George Street 0.7km, are places to shop (shopping mall, shop houses) located near Fullerton Bay Hotel.
Custom Harbor Front (old) 0.1km, Merlion 0.4km, Asian Civilization Museum 0.4km, are places of interest (attraction) located near Fullerton Bay Hotel.
Moral Childcare Centre 0.6km, Telok Ayer Performing Arts Centre 0.9km, Lee Kong Chian School of Business 1.4km, are places of learning (school, college, university) located near Fullerton Bay Hotel.
Clifford Square 0.1km, The Lawn @ Marina Bay 0.3km, Mist Walk 0.4km, are parks, playgrounds, open fields or commons located near Fullerton Bay Hotel.
Page was generated in 283 milliseconds with 21 queries (9 kb) on 2019-04-20 12:22:36GMT.


The spectacular Blue Heron vocal ensemble performing in the MIT Chapel.
As part of the Dalai Lama's visit to MIT, the Opera of the Future Group performed an experiment in collaboration with the vocal ensemble Blue Heron, Affectiva, Elliott Hedman, and Tenzin Priyadarshi, director of the Dalai Lama Center at MIT. During Blue Heron's stunning performance of early choral music on Monday, we used Affectiva's Q Sensors to track and measure the reactions of selected singers and audience members over the course of the concert. The wireless Q Sensors, worn on the wrists or palms, measure the wearer's skin conductance, which increases during emotional states such as anticipation, excitement, surprise, or anxiety. Through the information provided by these sensors, we can examine the similarities and differences in the affective reactions of various singers and audience members.
Tod and Elliott presented some of the affective stories of a few performers and audience members stories on Tuesday at the beginning of the Dalai Lama's final talk at MIT. Through the skin conductance data, we saw various audience members responding to musical events such as the introduction of new sections, crescendoing soprano lines, moments of silent anticipation after a cutoff, complex tonalities, and multi-part harmonic climaxes built from many moving lines. Some musicians at times went into almost a "state of flow," characterized by low reactivity, though at other points we saw moments of high reactivity (in the anticipatory moments before singing, before complex musical changes, or during pieces known less well to the performers).
Blue Heron also led the audience in a collaborative vocal experience: the audience members were asked to sustain a single sung pitch while listening to how that note played with and against the complex five-part harmonies being performed by Blue Heron. This gave the audience a chance to experience the difference between simply listening to a piece of choral music and being involved physically and mentally in the creation of that music. We were excited to see how intuitively and enthusiastically the audience participated in this process.
These experiences are part of Vocal Vibrations, a new project being developed in the Opera of the Future Group exploring the relationships between human physiology and the resonant vibrations of the voice. The voice and body are instruments everyone possesses–they are incredibly individual, infinitely expressive, and intimately linked to one's own physical form. In collaboration with Le Laboratoire in Paris and the Dalai Lama Center at MIT, we are exploring the hypothesis that the singing voice can influence mental and physical health through physicochemical phenomena and in ways consistent with contemplative practices. Additionally, we are developing techniques to engage the public in the practice of singing and vocalizing.
Here's the unedited three-hour (!) video of the Dalai Lama's "Middle Stages of Meditation" session at M.I.T. Tod and Elliott's presentation begins at 00:07:45.