So as always I am linking up with some of my favorite bloggers, Erika, Narci & Andrea to share some of my favorite things from this week...it's a short and sweet list!
First up is we celebrated this sweet girl turning 11 yesterday! I mean, it was just yesterday that she was born and here were are in middle school and 11!
But gosh I love watching her grow up. She is the sweetest, most compassionate and beautiful girl inside and out!
She is going to do big things in this world and I am so happy to be her Mama.
I have to share what I got for Ella's birthday. Ready?? A Caboodles.
Yep, same thing I had in 1988. They are back and pretty much the perfect gift for a girl between 8-16. She just loved it. I filled it with all kinds of fun stuff.
Last week Luke went to a birthday party and it was on the Buffalo Bills field. He had the best time (I think Paul did too!) And the pics from the field were so cool.
That's him in the 25 jersey heading out to take the field! I mean every 9 year old boys dream to run through that tunnel!!!
If you missed my What's Up Wednesday post, be sure to check it out.
A fun peek at what we have been up to!
And I have to say thanks for all the sweet comments on my Blogaversary post last week! You guys are the best!! I am picking a winner for the contest this morning and will announce it next week.
We are continuing to celebrate Ella all weekend!!! I LOVE birthdays, so I say let's make it a week long celebration. So it's a fancy dinner out tonight, an escape room and lunch with friends tomorrow and then football and a family party on Sunday!
Enjoy this last weekend in September!!!
My baby turned 11 this week also! I can not believe my youngest boy is now in middle school.. I feel like the time just flew right by.


The plot is based on the true story of a Japanese girl named Aya Kito (July 29, 1963 - May 23, 1988), who had Spinocerebellar Degeneration when she was 15 years old, and was able to continue her life until her death at the age of 25 years old. She kept writing in her diary to remember her experiences until she could no longer hold a pen. Aya simply wished to live until the end of her life, and the purpose of writing in the diary was to remind herself to not give up. She shed tears many times, at the same time encompassed by the rich love and support from her family and friends. Her diary 1 Litre of Tears was published shortly before her death. It encouraged many people, healthy or diseased, because of its inspiring and courageous messages. As Aya wrote, "Just being alive is such a lovely and wonderful thing."


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SLVGives seeks to increase donations on Colorado Gives Day - Alamosa Citizen
SLVGives seeks to increase donations on Colorado Gives Day
COLORADO Gives Day is Tuesday, Dec. 6, and for 24 hours, Coloradans will come together to give and support Colorado nonprofits. SLVGives, the local arm of Colorado Gives Day, seeks to increase the amount of donations for San Luis Valley nonprofit organizations.
Nearly $300,000 was raised last year for San Luis Valley nonprofits, according to Mike Roque, executive director of the Community Foundation of the San Luis Valley.
"The generosity of donors who care about protecting the Valley and caring for its residents is clear. And we're asking them to step up again this year when the money is needed more than ever," Roque said.
Boys & Girls Clubs of the San Luis Valley, the Sangre de Cristo National Heritage Area, San Luis Valley Local Foods Coalition, San Luis Valley Great Outdoors and other community-based nonprofits in towns across the Valley are all working to promote the upcoming Colorado Gives Day.
The Community Foundation of the San Luis Valley is partnering with First Southwest Bank to support more than 40 organizations who serve all six counties of the Valley.
"Every donation helps, and we encourage everyone to Give Where You Live!" said Roque.
One nonprofit participating in San Luis Valley Gives Day is San Luis Valley Immigrant Resource Center. For more than 20 years, it has been connecting and empowering immigrants with resources to achieve legal documentation, fulfill economic needs, and integrate into the community. With a staff of just three women, the center works with about 2,000 immigrants to provide legal assistance, domestic violence assistance, counseling, and education outreach. "I do not have anything to pay for all your help, but thanks to God and you I have made my dream come true, to remain legally in this beautiful country," one client wrote in a thank-you letter.
For more information about Colorado Gives Day in the San Luis Valley, please visit www.ColoradoGives.org/SLVGives.
About Colorado Gives Day
Presented by Community First Foundation and FirstBank, Colorado Gives Day is an annual statewide movement to celebrate and increase philanthropy through online giving. Colorado Gives Day has grown to be Colorado's largest 24-hour giving event, raising more than $362 million for nonprofits across the state since it began. The event is powered by ColoradoGives.org, a year-round, online giving website. Search SLV profiles on the site and make your safe and secure donation in a few easy steps. The Community Foundation of the San Luis Valley is the Regional Champion for Colorado Gives Day in the San Luis Valley.
About San Luis Valley Gives
San Luis Valley Gives is an effort by the Community Foundation of the San Luis Valley to inspire philanthropy in our six-county community and increase online giving for local participating nonprofits. For more information, contact Mike Roque at 719-679-2970 or cfslv123@gmail.com.
MORE COMMUNITY NEWS
Duane Bussey calls it a day at SLV Federal Bank
History of the Grand Valley Project and the Grand Valley Water Users Association
REDISTRICTING: Initial map has Valley counties in State Senate District 7

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Maliehe speaks on Sera situation at Royal AM
Likuena striker, Motebang Sera during his time at Bloemfontein Celtic
Coach John Maduka has failed to field the talented striker this season
Sera became Lesotho's all-time top goal scorer with 6 goals at COSAFA Cup earlier this year
FORMER Likuena coach, Moses Maliehe feels it is time the national team striker, Motebang Sera left Royal AM to join a team that will appreciate his abilities.
Sera is yet to feature in the John Maduka's coached side this season and has only managed to make the match day squad for three games out of the nine played thus far.
The 26-year-old forward hit the ground running in his first season in South Africa while still in the books of Bloemfontein Celtic under the mentorship of former Likuena captain, Lehlohonolo Seema.
However, Sera has struggled for game time since Seema left Celtic and things have gone from bad to worse after Phunya Sele Sele were sold to Shaun Mkhize to become Royal AM.
"I think it's time for Sera to leave Royal AM and look for a new club in South Africa. He has done very well since he moved there and won't struggle to get admirers for his signature," Maliehe stated.
"The clubs in South Africa know very well about his abilities. He proved himself in his first two seasons that given a chance, he will always score," he also said.
The former Matlama striker, who was handed his debut for the senior team by Maliehe in 2016, registered seven goals from 20 appearances in his first year in the South African Premier League.
In the last season, he made 20 appearances in all competitions and managed just two goals.
"I have concluded that as a coach, Maduka does not believe in Sera's abilities as a player. There should be trust between a coach and his player for the latter to deliver on the field," the former Likuena coach said.
"If the player knows that the coach trusts him then you will see that with his performance on the field and in Sera's case it will be the goals, which were there when he was given a chance.
"His current coach doesn't know his strengths and the best thing for him now is to join a team that will give him game time," he said.
Earlier this year, Sera became Lesotho's all-time top goal scorer with six goals at the COSAFA Cup after netting a brace past Mamelodi Sundowns and Zambia goalkeeper, Kennedy Mweene, at the 2021 edition of the tournament in Gqeberha, South Africa.
The lanky forward has scored in each of the regional tournaments since making his debut in 2016, when the tournament was hosted in Namibia.
Ministerspokes scoops gospel award in Free State
Kabelo Masoabi


Bill: Regulation of gasoline prices back to a planned economy? Photos and review!
Bill: Regulation of gasoline prices back to a planned economy?
The state will have the right to regulate the price of fuel from 2019?
In the state Duma of the Russian Federation from the Communist party introduced a bill according to which in Russia it is proposed to introduce state regulation of prices for gasoline and diesel fuel. The intentions of the legislators good – to protect the population their interests and wallets from the encroachments of the oil giants. According to the document, from 1 January 2019 is expected to introduce state regulation of gasoline prices for cars of all classes, as well as on diesel fuel. Under state regulation also fall trade allowances to the price of fuel. The mechanism will work by establishing their limits.
To set a limit on prices since the beginning of 2019 will be the Government.
Changes to the Federal law from December 28, 2009 No Э81-FZ "About bases of state regulation of trade activities in the Russian Federation".
As stated in the explanatory note to the document: "the Sharp increase in prices for fuels and lubricants in the domestic market of the Russian Federation in the first half of 2018 has caused strong discontent of the population, the growth of social tensions and a series of protest actions in the regions.
With the purpose of the legislature to provide a mechanism aimed at protecting the interests of ordinary consumers, the bill provides for the introduction of state regulation of prices for gasoline and diesel fuel.
The increase in fuel prices is definitely the undermining of the strategic and economic security of the country. After all, the price increase per ruble of gasoline, diesel fuel and even of fuel oil, one way or another affects the increase in prices of all goods and services, including those provided by the state. It is not only the need for more than the population of banknotes to pay out of pocket for the purchase of material goods and receiving service, not so much a powerful blow to the wallets of motorists and companies engaged in cargo transportation (however, the latter can always shift the burden on to the consumer, i.e. most of us), but inhibition of the development of the whole country. Remember declared the slogan of import substitution, declared in 2014? So, high energy prices will actively slow down this process. However, there is one important BUT. To regulate prices must be smart.
Because of this, we are invited by the Communist party on the measure of state regulation of prices, is dangerous because it undermines the principles of competition and free markets. Similar experiments in the crackdown, but in another way this bill can interpret it is not seen as possible, excessively rough cuts off possible sensitive economic maneuvers, this makes the economy sluggish and the bone, as it was in Soviet times. And where there is no alternative, there is at critical moments can be a lot of follies, to make serious mistakes.
Even such a violent and unsubstantiated price increase for gasoline/diesel fuel (from the standpoint of the market) does not mean the need to introduce state regulation of the fuel market. Because the time to make real stock market had enough fuel and didn't need to create favorable conditions for oil companies under which it would be so profitable to sell fuel supplies to the West for dollars.
In General, questions about the project a lot, but the answers are too little.
Also we will remind that now the state is able to influence the market nefteproduktov and crude oil through tax policy, excise taxes and duties, direct price regulation on oil products does not exist. Ruled by the so-called "invisible hand of the market".


Fun day out yesterday on the Aiguille Verte's Couturier couloir. Harder going than I thought it would be. Though technically easy, 1000m of 50-55 degree snow and ice takes its toll. Descended by the same route to try and get in some downclimbing and v-threading practise, an idea that seemed far less appealing once I reached the summit!
The seracs at the top of the couloir continue to grow… Hopefully they'll remain stable. Would be a shame to see the couloir become objectively dangerous.
After a 1000m of ascent, just a few more metres until the summit.
Obligatory summit selfie. Je suis un vrai alpiniste maintenant!
The first of 5 rappels. Nicht good skiing conditions near the summit.
Near the bottom and the cloud comes in, the snow starts falling and the sluff starts flowing. 2 hours later I'll be having beer and pizza – Chamonix alpinism at its best!


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Netflix Renews Golden Globe Winner 'The Kominsky Method' for Season 2
By Joe Otterson, Variety	 Jan 17, 2019 at 3:18pm
Originally Published by:
Netflix and Amazon Take Different Sides on Content Regulation in India
Amazon's 'Hanna,' New Season of 'False Flag' Lead Strong Berlinale Series Lineup
Korean OTT Players, SK Telecom Join Forces to Compete Against Netflix
Netflix has picked up The Kominsky Method for a second season.
The comedy stars starring Michael Douglas and Alan Arkin recently won two Golden Globe Awards, one for best comedy series and the other for Douglas in the best actor in a comedy series category. Arkin was also nominated in the supporting actor category.
Season 2 will consist of eight half-hour episodes and is scheduled to begin production later this month in Los Angeles. Douglas and Arkin will return as series regulars along with Sarah Baker and Nancy Travis.
The show follows actor and acting coach Sandy Kominsky (Douglas) and his agent Norman Newlander (Arkin), two friends trying to navigate their later years in Los Angeles, a city that values youth and beauty.
Chuck Lorre created the series and serves as executive producer along with Al Higgins and Douglas. Chuck Lorre Productions produces in association with Warner Bros. Television.
"I wanted to write about getting older and all that that entails," Lorre told Variety in an interview published in December. "I wanted to write about people losing loved ones and dealing with health issues and grown children. I found this wonderful avenue through Netflix where there were no ratings restrictions and they were totally supportive. I could write without looking over my shoulder."
Watch The Kominsky Method on Netflix


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HO Scale MTH HO GP-35 Diesel with Proto-Sound 3.0
GP-35 Diesel with Proto-Sound 3.0 - Chessie (B&O)
Cab No. 3545
DV 2013 HO Volume 1
MTH HO
Delivered Sep. 2014
This product is compatible with all HO 2-Rail track including those systems offered by Atlas and Bachmann..
Produced from 1963 to 1966, the GP35, along with its six-axle SD35 sibling, marked both an end and a beginning. They were the last road diesels to use the EMD 567 motor that had powered switchers, F-units, and Geeps since 1939 (so named because each cylinder displaced 567 cubic inches). For the horsepower race of the 1960s, EMD tweaked the 567 to a turbocharged V-16 delivering 2500 hp. That was it for the 567, however, and in 1966 the baton was passed to the more powerful model 645. But while the "35 line" diesels ushered out an old motor, they inaugurated a new look. Their angled cab roofs and the clean, squared-off lines of their car bodies established the look of EMD power for the next three decades.
Introduced to compete with General Electric's landmark U25B, which had ushered in the second generation of diesel power, the GP35 outsold the "U-Boat" nearly three to one. There was a strong market for new power in the mid-1960s because the first-generation diesels that had vanquished steam were wearing out. While first-generation rosters had often been a hodgepodge of manufacturers and models as railroads experimented with the new technology, by 1960 Alco, EMD, and GE were the only manufacturers left standing - and Alco would soon throw in the towel. As a result, virtually every major U.S. railroad became a GP35 customer and over 1300 engines were sold in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
In what we believe is the finest, ready-to-run HO GP-35 diesel to ever be produced, HO modelers will find the best combination of detail, realism, and performance of any 1/87 scale GP35. Added-on detail parts include windshield wipers, metal see-thru body grilles, lift rings, metal grab irons and handrails, see-thru rooftop fan housings, and brake cylinders, air pipes, and swing hangers on our super-detailed Blomberg trucks.
Our highly detailed model includes a broader range of features than you'll find on any other HO scale diesel, including lighted number boards; smooth performance from a three-scale-mile-per-hour crawl to full throttle; "cruise control" for steady speeds regardless of curves, switches and grades; built-in decoders for DCC and the M.T.H. DCS Digital Command System; and a full range of sounds recorded from a prototype GP35. If you're looking for durable motive power that's accurately detailed, smooth running, and a great deal of fun to operate, it doesn't get any better than this.
Authentic Paint Scheme & Cab Numbers
RP-25 Metal Wheels Mounted On Metal Axles
Constant Voltage, Directional Headlights
Prototypical Rule 17 Lighting
Detailed Truck Sides
Detailed Cab Interior
Powerful 12-Volt 5-Pole Precision Skew-Wound Flywheel Equipped Motor
(2) Scale Kadee Compatible Remotely Controlled Proto-Couplers
(2) User-Installed Kadee Magnetic Couplers
Decorative Metal Horn
On-Board DCC Receiver
Operates On Code 70, 83, & 100 Rail Curves
Proto-Sound 3.0 equipped locomotives can be controlled in command mode with any DCC compliant command control system. While the user won't have access to all of the incredible features of Proto-Sound 3.0, independent control over the locomotive is possible. This means you can continue to use your existing DCC controller to independently control your other DCC equipped locomotives in addition to your Proto-Sound 3.0 locomotive on the same track at the same time.
When using a DCC controller, the following Proto-Sound 3.0 locomotive features are accessible:
Headlight/Taillight
Start-up/Shut-down
Passenger Station/Freight Yard Announcements
Lights (except head/tail)
Grade Crossing
Extended Start-up
Extended Shut-down
One Shot Doppler
Coupler Slack
Single Horn Blast
Brake Sounds
Cab Chatter
Clickety Clack (On/Off)
Proto-Sound 3.0 With The Digital Command System Featuring: Freight Yard Proto Effects
Unit Measures:
Operates On 18" Radius Curves
The following dealers meet your selection criteria. Click the Show button next to a dealer to get more detailed contact information for the dealer (and to see what items are in stock, if you requested any).
THE TRAIN ROOM HAGERSTOWN MD 21740


Watch our short series of videos covering common complaint issues here at ICAS.
To help you find the answer you need, ICAS has compiled a list of FAQs regarding the process of complaints.
Learn more about dealing with complaints, conciliation and the complaints process for ICAS members.


This is not a matter of externals, the forms can of course, if desired, be just as strictly observed by night as by day…the official power of judgment suffers at night.
Furthermore, Yossarian is always visualizing his own death and is absolutely flabbergasted by the total number of ways in which it is possible for a human being to die. In fact, these trivial experiences have led to trivial data, as reported by Smart et al.
Each of these five people is afraid of four people excluding overlapsfor a total of twenty, and each these twenty people is afraid of six people, making a total of one hundred and twenty people who are feared by at least one person. In plans were made to dispose of the last twenty-five thousand dollars of the funds from Sharman's estate, and Harry apparently hoped that the bulk of the money could go to Sequoia Seminar.
I saw nothing of significance at the point of impact - no airplane metal or cargo debris was blowing on the lawn in front of the damaged building as smoke billowed from within the Pentagon. After presenting his budget, Griffin issued the following statement: Bureaucracies protect and hide the incompetent.
Facing a storm of protest brought on by Leary's reckless antics and the "LSD-related suicide" of Diane Linkletter, President Lyndon Johnson signed into law the Drug Abuse Control Amendment, which declared lysergic acid diethylamide a Schedule I substance; simple possession was deemed a felony, punishable by 15 years in prison.
Chapters 27—31 Analysis — Chapters 27—31 This section works through an increasingly macabre surrealism that climaxes with the manslaughter of Kid Sampson and suicide of McWatt.
But as a young man, the shoeless hillbilly was purportedly visited by a pair of angels, who told him to build something. Colonel de Grand said that it would be impossible for novices to have taken control of the four aircraft and orchestrated such a terrible act requiring military precision of the highest order.
Then for another half-year they tore me to pieces in officer candidate school.
Her relationships within the legal community and her experience working with law enforcement will serve her and the people of Arkansas well. They had been saved…. He never tries to stick out, as Yossarian does, and therefore has a successful career.
Active Themes Yossarian and Orr are then dragged from location to location by Milo, who is engaged in byzantine business dealings between countries and greeted as a hero in all of them—Oran, Egypt, other parts of Italy.
Hubbard might exist in death as he did in life--a man of mirrors and shadows, revealing himself to even his closest friends only on a need-to-know basis. Dobbs believes this is the only way to save the men from dying in combat. I am confident we found that person in Doralee Chandler. Beyond this strange absence of airliner debris, there was no sign of the kind of damage to the Pentagon structure one would expect from the impact of a large airliner.
Its take rate has been about 60 percent, which is above their projection of 50 percent, Cayce said. Faced with the realities of death and the absurdity of its circumstances, language seems unable to communicate any sort of reassurance. If you continue to have as good luck as you have had in the choice of your warders, then you can be confident of the final result.
Examples of his recent work include extensive development of dipolar loudspeaker theory. Boards sat upon them, secretaries minuted upon them, commissioners gabbled about them, clerks registered, entered, checked, and ticked them off, and they melted away….
Word of the psychological emphasis had spread, and those who toed the orthodox Sharman line were not pleased with what they had heard. The scene, in short, was not what I would have expected from a strike by a large jetliner. At one point, he bombs his own friends and fellow army men for profit.
This callousness from all humans soon leads him to be scared of any human contact. The majority of the complaints filed in recent weeks have not received a response from the business.Get everything you need to know about War and Bureaucracy in Catch Analysis, related quotes, theme tracking.
The theme of War and Bureaucracy in Catch from LitCharts |. The titular Catchs in Joseph Heller's novel Catch are used as symbols of the power and oppression of bureaucratic authority.
Catch - 22s appear throughout the novel, in different contexts and for different purposes, but the result is always the same. Catch 22, by Joseph Heller, is a critique of the society that we live in. Whoever is proud of what we have advanced to, and is unwilling to look at it in a negative light, would find this book very subversive.
There's a computer world phenomenon known as blog. It started as a compilation of comments in no apparent order in what appears as continual words of wit or wisdom or wisecracks. Radio Works is a cluster of three radio stations in South Arkansas. KCXY Y95 is awatt country station, KAMD K97 is a 50, watt Adult Contemporary station.
Literary Analysis of Joseph Heller's Catch 22 Laughing in the face of war and death, literally, is one of the things that make the novel Catch by Joseph Heller such an intriguing and original story.


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Issue Three: Keeping Tabs on the PTAB
The availability of post-grant proceedings at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) has changed the face of patent litigation. This monthly digest is designed to keep you up-to-date by highlighting interesting PTAB, district court, and Federal Circuit decisions relating to emerging post-grant issues.
In Mayne Pharma Int'l. Pty Ltd. v. Merck & Co., No. 15-00438-LPS (D. Del. Feb. 23, 2017), the court found good cause to modify its protective order to allow Plaintiff, Patent Owner in a parallel IPR, to use in the IPR documents Defendant had designated in the district court as protected discovery material. The "good cause" was the relevance of Defendant's documents to the secondary considerations inquiry. The court explained that Defendant, upon filing its petition for IPR, knew that the court may amend its protective order upon a finding of good cause. The court also explained that the Board had procedures in place to protect confidential information.
Takeaway: Parties in a district court litigation should be aware that documents produced under a protective order may become discoverable in an IPR. When negotiating your next protective order, consider whether to add any special provisions on dealing with potential IPRs.
FEDERAL CIRCUIT
In Paice LLC v. Ford Motor Co., No. 2016-1647 (Fed. Cir. Mar. 7, 2017), on appeal following a final written decision in an IPR, the Federal Circuit affirmed the unpatentability of six claims, but remanded as to the patentability of one dependent claim. According to the court, the Patent Owner separately argued the patentability of this claim in its Patent Owner Response, but the Board did not separately analyze the claim's additional limitations.
At the recent inaugural annual meeting of the PTAB Bar Association, Federal Circuit Judge Kimberly Moore commented that the court has recently remanded a number of cases for purposes of obtaining a more developed record. She noted that while the court is often able to easily determine the patentability of the claim at issue, the appeals court cannot decide issues in the first instance. Judge Moore expressed hope that as the Board becomes more experienced, it will issue fewer Final Written Decision decisions that require remand.
Takeaway: On appeal of a final written decision, the Federal Circuit will analyze whether the record shows the evidence on which the Board based its findings, together with the Board's reasoning in reaching its conclusions. When reviewing your final written decision and contemplating an appeal, consider whether a request for Board rehearing has the potential to obviate the appeal or at least better develop the record to avoid the time and expense of remand.
Updates on Petitioner Estoppel
A number of new cases this month address the scope of petitioner estoppel. In In re Verinata Health, Inc., No. 2017-109 (Fed. Cir. Mar. 9, 2017), the Federal Circuit denied a petition for a writ of mandamus to direct the District Court for the Northern District of California to strike certain portions of defendants' invalidity contentions.
As we discussed in the February 2017 edition of Keeping Tabs on the PTAB, the district court in Verinata cabined IPR statutory estoppel to grounds raised in the IPR petition and instituted by the Board. Plaintiff had asked the Federal Circuit to review the district court's narrow application of estoppel. The Federal Circuit declined, finding that the current state of the binding precedent does not compel a finding that the district court clearly abused its discretion or usurped judicial power, and that Plaintiff had failed to satisfy the requirement that it had no other adequate remedy available to obtain the relief sought, as it had not shown why it could not raise its arguments in an appeal from the district court's final judgment.
Parallel Networks Licensing, LLC v. IBM, No. 12-2072 (D. Del., Feb. 22, 2017), a more recent district court case, interpreted estoppel more broadly. The opinion was written by Judge Kent Jordan of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, sitting by designation. In this case, the court held that defendant IBM, who had petitioned for IPR concerning the patent at issue in the litigation, was estopped from asserting invalidity over not only the prior art at issue in the IPR, but any prior art reference IBM was aware of when it filed for IPR. IBM argued that broad estoppel should not apply because it had moved for joinder to an earlier-filed IPR, such that it reasonably could have raised only those grounds already present in the earlier IPR. The court rejected this argument, finding that there is no "mirror image" rule for petitions filed with a motion for joinder. Citing Apotex v. Wyeth, IPR2015-00873, Paper 8, at 6 (P.T.A.B. Sep. 16, 2015), which describes the petitioner estoppel provisions as "broad," the court estopped IBM from relying on all prior art cited in its invalidity contentions, which were served before the IPR petition.
In Resmed Ltd. v. Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Ltd., IPR2016-01716, Paper 12 (P.T.A.B. Mar. 10, 2017), the Board considered parallel district court litigation and potential estoppel in determining the scope of its institution decision. Specifically, the Board instituted IPR as to one challenged claim as obvious over Netzer and Levine, and then exercised its discretion under 37 C.F.R. § 42.108 to have the review proceed on all challenges that likewise raised Netzer as the primary basis of unpatentability. The Board explained its decision as follows:
[W]e recognize the interplay between this proceeding and the related district court action. Thus, by exercising our discretion in this regard, we seek to achieve finality of review at the Board and avoid parallel review at the district court, at least with respect to attacks on the '072 patent that rely on Netzer as the primary basis of invalidity. . . . We also hope to avoid any "follow-on" petitions that might result from partial institution.
(Id. at 9-10.)
Takeaway: Different cases this month have resulted in different applications of estoppel. In the Resmed case, the Board instituted on all claims that relied on overlapping arguments, in an express effort to avoid parallel review at the district court of invalidity challenges based on the same prior art raised in the petition. This approach may be in response to Judge Newman's dissent in Synopsys, Inc. v. Mentor Graphics Corp., 814 F.3d 1309, 1336-37 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (Newman J., dissenting), where she opined that the PTAB's practice of instituting IPR on only some challenged claims renders the estoppel provisions irrelevant because it leaves challenged claims available for district court litigation. Estoppel remains a quickly-developing issue, and as we noted last month, parties are well-advised to stay on top of this developing body of law.
Issue 39: PTAB Trial Tracker
Fintiv 2.0: USPTO Director Issues Guidance Softening Risk of Discretionary Denial
Introduction of the Restoring the America Invents Act and Its Impact on the PTAB
PTAB Permanently Altered By Fintiv, Even as Denials Plummet (Law360)
Lillian Kim, Louis Lobel and Sammy Tang to Participate in Leadership Council on Legal Diversity Programs
Goodwin Expands Washington, D.C. Litigation Team with Intellectual Property Partner Amadou Diaw
Absen Patent Trial Team Runs the Table in Jury Verdict Win for the Defense
UIC John Marshall Law School IP Master Class: Strategies for the Federal Circuit, District Courts, ITC, and PTAB Virtual Seminar
2021 PLI Conference
Goodwin Secures $308.5 Million Patent Infringement Jury Verdict Against Apple for Personalized Media Communications
Patent Trial & Appeal Board


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Legend: Chapter Four
Last updated: Monday, March 11, 2019 19:06 EDT
He dropped through what looked like solid rock but was actually a self-perpetuating light projection over the entrance. A flicker of darkness as he fell through the granite tunnel and then the light of the Eyrie blazed up around him.
Legend landed lightly, his boots giving an echoing click on the polished stone, and looked around. No one in the entry, so either no one's in, or . . .
The entry area was in the center of the Eyrie, with four doors leading out. He took the north door and looked through.
Monitor Central had the dramatic, all-seeing design Legend associated with NASA control centers and the TV versions of NORAD, although it had far fewer seats and a lot more gadgetry. Most of which I don't understand, he admitted to himself. Not my specialty . . . in either form, really.
A figure at the top stood and waved him over. "Legend! Nice to see you, kid. How're you doing?"
"I'm doing well, Jack. How about you?"
Jack Morriman grinned, the white teeth a contrast to his dark, heavily-weather-beaten face. "Not bad, not bad at all." Deep brown eyes twinkled in a sideways glance. "So? . . ."
"Passed with flying colors," he said. "And I guess I did, too, because she took me as a client."
"Good. Good! She's done a hell of a lot for me, you know."
Legend nodded. Morriman's problems hadn't really had much to do with his secret, except indirectly. Losing one of your kids to cancer wasn't easy; when that got combined with your wife of 43 years deciding she wanted out . . . well, the Steel Sentinel had been a pretty moody hero for a while, and Legend remembered the one time he'd had to intervene before Steely did something he'd really regret.
"I know. Thanks for telling me about her." He gave an accusing glare. "But you might have warned me!"
"Warned you?" Morriman's face was the very essence of puzzled innocence. "About what?"
"Don't try that on me! I rescue kittens all the time, Jack. You don't have the cute to cut it. About the fact that she looks like a younger Michelle Yeoh, that's what."
"Heh. She is quite something in the looks too, isn't she?"
"Yeah. And even smarter than she's pretty, which is going a lot farther. I felt like she already dissected my brain before I'd been there a half hour."
"Anything you want to talk about?"
He thought. "Um . . . no, not really. Oh, I did fill out forms that give her permission to talk to anyone she wants to about me as long as she keeps my key secrets. That means you guys, if any of you are willing to talk to her."
"What?" Jack made a show of putting a hand on Legend's forehead. "You don't seem feverish, but you're trusting her awfully damn fast."
Legend shook his head. "You and the others just aren't trusting enough. Most people are decent, and people like her are just there to help."
The older man gave a cynical smile. "Damn, kid, it's a good thing you are tough as a mountain, because you'll need it when that clueless innocence gets you in it deep."
They'd had this debate before, and Legend wasn't up for another go-'round right now. He looked at the main screen. "Anything going on?"
"Nah, nothing much. Fireflux is out on patrol, she caught a couple regular crooks but hasn't seen anything big. The Rat's down in the big city with Crystal Visions, haven't seen America today but he said he probably wouldn't be in this week."
"Trinary and Traveller?"
"Girl's night out, I think, with Caracal. Didn't invite me, worse the luck."
"Hard to have a girl's night out with a guy along."
"I can always dream."
"Any sign of the Five?"
"Not as a group. Fireflux thinks she caught a glimpse of Shadowblade earlier, though, so they're around." Jack chuckled. "I can read you like a cheap paperback, kid. You're not into it today, just standing there asking questions. Go home, wherever home is."
Legend sighed. "I would if I could. But this is my usual night out, and they know I never come back before about midnight to one o'clock."
"Well," Jack said, rubbing his chin, "if you wanna sit here and watch things, I could go out and join Fireflux . . ."
A part of him twitched at that, but he thought he managed to keep it from actually being visible. And that's overall a pretty good idea, actually. "Why not? Been a while since you were out and about."
"A week and a half. Yeah, you know, that sounds like just the ticket today."
Jack Morriman concentrated, and with a flicker of silvery light he changed. Unlike many of their friends, he was still recognizable . . . if you knew who he was. But this Jack Morriman was thirty years old, smooth-skinned, in perfect health, and could do things that even his much older real self could never have done more than dream about. Things he had dreamed about, just like all the rest of us, Legend thought.
The transformed Morriman reached under the console and brought out the metallic backpack, put it on, and pressed the button. Glittering silvery armor extruded, covering chest, arms, legs, curling up and around to encase the head in a shining helmet with a stylized V-shape above the eyes, almost like eyebrows. The armor thickened to plates on the chest, shoulder-guards, and poleyns and coulters, giving the suit the air of an old-fashioned knight while being streamlined and containing accessories for the twenty-first–or maybe twenty-third–century. "Steel Sentinel–ready for patrol!"
"Enjoy yourself."
"I will, kid, especially with Fireflux around."
He didn't rise to the bait. Besides, he's actually always a perfect gentleman, and if he ever did try anything . . . well, a guy wearing steel armor annoying someone who controls magnetic fields would be pretty stupid.
It was . . . weird, being in the Eyrie alone, watching for everyone else. He knew how to run the observation, of course, they were all trained in it, but he was always the front-line type. But tonight . . . Nerving myself up to go see a shrink really took a lot out of me. Lot more than I would have ever thought. He laughed out loud suddenly. "Darn, I swear, I've had battles that took less out of me!"
It was true: the more he thought of it, and even though he was still feeling tense, the more he realized that meant he'd made the right choice. I need to deal with this. WE need to deal with it, he corrected, and felt his other side . . . not exactly separate, not exactly the same . . . agree emphatically.
Sitting at the console, it dawned on him that there was another drawback to being alone. With no one else in the Eyrie to take over, he couldn't do any exercises or practice runs or, well, anything to distract himself. He was half-tempted to change to his ordinary form; Ben would appreciate it.
But even here, almost no one knew who he really was. There was one, and only one, other hero he'd trusted with that secret. It was funny – most of the others he knew both sides of their lives, but he had never told them his . . . and none of them had asked, as though they felt it wasn't appropriate.
Maybe it's because I was there first. It's like asking Superman to tell you his secret ID . . . not that I'm anything like as good as all that.
But America had been different. He was as good as all that. The tall, anachronistic figure in red, white, and blue carried the sharp, patriotic air of the old-fashioned recruiting posters of Uncle Sam, and his face had much of the kindly, craggy warmth of Abraham Lincoln. It had never occurred to Legend not to trust America.
And the same, strangely, had applied to America and Legend . . .
"Legend! Glad you could come meet me, son."
He took America's hand, felt the other's – maybe as strong as his own – grip and release his warmly. "Did you think there was any chance I wouldn't?"
"Well, not much, no. Still, you're a busy man and taking any time out of your day is quite a favor to ask."
Legend glanced around. The late summer light danced over the forest floor and shone more brightly in the clearer areas, where picnic tables and charcoal grills were scattered about. The nearby stream (or maybe small river) chuckled cheerfully over smooth stones. A little ways upstream, Legend could see a jet of water hissing regularly skyward from the center of a tiny island, one of the only geysers east of the Mississippi. "So why here? Not that there's anything wrong with Saratoga Park, but seems about as peaceful as anything gets."
"Nothing wrong with peace, son. Take it when you find it, especially in our line of work." America's eyes were momentarily somber under the brim of his tall, tri-colored stovepipe hat. "The Good Lord knows we don't see it much."
Legend couldn't argue. "Still . . . ?"
The taller hero smiled. "Yes, you're right, more than my trying to get you to take a break. You made a right touching gesture to me the other day, trusting me with your biggest secret. Seems to me the only polite response is to show you the same trust."
Legend blinked. "You mean . . . um, look, sir, that's an honor, but you don't have to –"
"Son, I think maybe I do have to. See, the way my . . . well, existence works, Legend, I don't always know why I do things, leastwise not until after I've done them–see what I mean?"
Legend thought about it. He'd observed America since he'd first appeared and had come to some general conclusions about the patriotic hero's abilities. "I guess I do, sort of. You get a sense of what you should be doing, but not the explanation."
"That's just exactly right. So until you got here, all I knew was that I had to tell you the truth about myself, same as you did about your own origin. But wasn't 'til we started talking that I got an inkling as to the whys and wherefores."
He began walking along the edge of the clearing. Legend noticed that strange aura that America gave off: a sense of belonging that was so strong that no one gave the two of them a second glance, despite the costumes that stood out brilliantly in the sunshine. He doesn't want anyone else to see us, so they aren't. "So, are you just trying to keep me in suspense?"
A low laugh rippled out, melding with the water's own eternal cheer. "Oh, forgive this old man's sense of humor and drama, son. Comes with our territory, don't it?"
"Yeah. Yeah, I suppose it does."
America looked serious now. "Legend, I just got myself a feeling–a deep-down, absolutely-certain, one-hundred-per-cent gut feeling–that one day you will have to know who I really am. Don't know why, don't know when, but I do know that it's going to happen."
He looked up and a broad smile creased his face. "Now looky there."
Legend looked in the same direction. He saw three people around one of the picnic tables: two adults and one child. Legend didn't need to use any special powers to see that this was a family having a wonderful time at the park. The little girl–tanned, dark-haired, with intense eyes that Legend could see with his own superhuman sight even at this distance–was talking with bouncing animation about what she'd seen in the park. Her parents were busy getting the picnic dinner together, the father laying out the table while the mother carefully grilled hamburgers. It was nearly certain the little girl was adopted, since her father was black and her mother a golden blonde, neither of their features echoing the straight, black hair and narrow face of their daughter, but it was also just as certain that this didn't matter to any of them. "You saying that's your family?"
America smiled again. "In a manner of speaking, yes. Though in some ways, all families are mine; bet you've already guessed that. The little girl yonder is Virginia Dare Jefferson, and that's her mom Sunny and her daddy Malcolm."
"So they've got another kid. Who happens to be next to me, right?"
"I'm not quite like the rest of you, son. That," he pointed at Virginia, who was now being directed by her father to bring the rocks she'd collected back to the stream, "is my muse and author, my creator if you will."
Legend stared, then reached out with his ki senses.
America fairly blazed before Legend's spiritual eyes; the hero's very ki seemed to flicker in the three colors of his namesake.
And that was, literally, all there was to America. He wasn't a transformed being like Legend or most of the other Heroes. He wasn't someone wearing a mechanical or magical disguise, like Steel Sentinel or Crystal Visions. He was a pure spirit, a creation of nothing but the essence of who he was – a resonant product, Legend thought with stunned awe, of every single human being in the nation, infused somehow into a statue that should never have moved . . . but now not only moved, but lived, lived with an intensity nothing else on the planet could match.
But there was a stronger resonance, a pulse, at the core of Legend's sense of the hero, and that resonance echoed back and forth between the toweringly tall America . . . and the tiny, black-haired little girl bending over the stream.
"She . . . created you?"
"That she did. Maybe one day I'll tell you the details, or she will. But she is to me as Ben is to you . . . except she believed in me first and only, so she made what she believed into reality itself."
Legend stared at Virginia Dare Jefferson and then began to grin himself. "That's . . . well, that makes her more a hero than me, I guess. She didn't think of being a hero herself; she just wanted the best hero there could be, so she made you."
"Don't run yourself down, son; you're the first, the one every single one of us looks to as an example. But I will surely agree that Virginia is one special young lady."
He came out of the reverie feeling a little better, a bit more focused on who he was, who they all were. All of us are special, he admitted. And I guess I should look in the mirror and accept that, once in a while, as long as I don't get . . . arrogant about it.
He got up, walked around the room–keeping an eye on the telltales, of course, but his ki sense would almost certainly let him know if something was badly wrong anyway; he could sense Fireflux right now – over the New Mall, he thought – and Steel Sentinel was catching up to her.
No one else seemed active, for which he was grateful. Every day that goes by without a new Fenris or Endgame or Valameon is another day that I don't have to worry how many people won't get to the Shelters, how many might be hurt because I'm not quite fast enough, strong enough, smart enough to do the job I was created to do.
The part of him that was Ben did, sometimes, try to argue that everyone – even Legend – couldn't do everything right all the time . . . but he never argued it long.
They both knew that Legend had to do everything right, all the time. That was what being a hero meant.
That was what being a hero was.
ISBN: Copyright © 2019 by Ryk Spoor


text:
The National The National Today
Drugs, torture and a 'murder house': El Chapo trial begins today
Newsletter: A closer look at the day's most notable stories
Jonathon Gatehouse - CBC News
Authorities escort Joaquin 'El Chapo' Guzman, centre, from a plane to a caravan of SUVs at Long Island MacArthur Airport in N.Y. on Jan. 19, 2017, when he was transferred to the U.S. from Mexico to face charges. (U.S. law enforcement via Associated Press)
Welcome to The National Today newsletter, which takes a closer look at what's happening around some of the day's most notable stories. Sign up here and it will be delivered directly to your inbox Monday to Friday.
The trial of alleged Mexican drug lord Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, once counted amongst the world's richest men, begins today in New York.
Glybera is a Canadian innovation that became the most expensive drug in the world — to the chagrin of one of its key developers.
CBC News and a team of experts are trying to shed new light on the unsolved 1965 bombing of Canadian Pacific Flight 21 that killed all 52 aboard.
Missed The National last night? Watch it here.
Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman was once counted amongst the world's richest men, with vast estates, fancy cars, planes, boats and even his own fleet of submarines.
But for the past two years, his world has shrunk down to the four walls of his windowless solitary confinement cell at the Metropolitan Correctional Center in lower Manhattan.
Since his 2016 arrest and early 2017 extradition, Guzman, the 61-year-old alleged kingpin of Mexico's Sinaloa drug cartel, has spent 23 hours a day locked in his room. The lights are always on, there's no television, and the only reading material is the voluminous evidence from his trial. Conditions so austere, his lawyers complained he was losing his sanity.
Mexican drug trafficker Joaquín 'El Chapo' Guzmán is escorted by marines as he is presented to the press on Feb. 22, 2014, in Mexico City after his capture. (Ronaldo Schemidt/AFP/Getty Images)
The good news for Guzman is that as of today he has been granted a change of scenery.
The bad news is that his new accommodations — in the bowels of the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Brooklyn — are even more isolated.
American officials have gone to extraordinary lengths to secure a prized prisoner who famously escaped from two Mexican jails, the last time via a sophisticated 1.6-kilometre-long tunnel. For his pre-trial appearances, they escorted him to and from court in a convoy of armoured vehicles, with helicopters buzzing overhead and SWAT team snipers positioned on overlooking rooftops.
But such measures, which also necessitated the closure of the Brooklyn Bridge twice a day, have been deemed too costly and disruptive for a trial that might last four months or more.
So as opening arguments began this morning, El Chapo is now being held a few floors below the Brooklyn courtroom Monday through Friday, with plans to move him back to his Manhattan superjail for weekends.
A motorcade believed to be transporting Guzman crosses the Brooklyn Bridge before arriving the Brooklyn Federal Courthouse on Oct. 30. His transfers are conducted under secrecy and heavy security. (Eduardo Munoz/Reuters)
Guzman faces 17 charges involving money laundering, conspiracy to commit murder, and the alleged importation of more than 200 tonnes of illegal drugs — including cocaine, heroin, cannabis and methamphetamine — to the United States. He has pleaded not guilty to all counts.
For the most part, however, it will be his savage reputation that is on trial.
Prosecutors intend to introduce hundreds of thousands of pages of written material and more than 100,000 audio recordings as evidence, and will sketch his rise from impoverished elementary school dropout to one of Mexico's most feared and powerful men.
In one filing in April, U.S. attorneys indicated that they will introduce YouTube videos that allegedly show El Chapo and his henchmen torturing "bound and helpless" rivals.
Another prosecution document mentions the end of two members of the competing Los Zetas cartel, whom he supposedly had beaten, executed and burned, right after he finished lunch.
One witness is scheduled to testify about a "murder house" in the ultra-violent Texas border city of Juárez, where Sinaloa hitmen are said to have covered the walls in plastic sheeting and installed a special floor drain to deal with the blood.
Over the summer, prosecutors filed a list of Guzman's supposed victims between the beginning of 1989 and the fall of September 2014. It identified 28 individuals and some very broad categories, including "informants," "members of law enforcement," and soldiers of rival cartels.
Eduardo Balarezo, El Chapo's lead lawyer, noted the government's intention to introduce evidence that his client "conspired to murder somewhere between 20 and an infinite number of people over a 25-year period."
Guzman's defence attorney, Eduardo Balarezo, speaks to the media outside U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York on Oct. 30. (Carlo Allegri/Reuters)
But the presiding judge has ruled that there is cause for concern for those involved in the trial.
The 12 jurors — picked from a pool of 1,000 — are being escorted to and from court by armed U.S. Marshals, and pains are being taken to ensure they remain anonymous. (One prospective juror was excused because his work as a Michael Jackson impersonator made him too easy to track down.)
The list of witnesses who will testify against Guzman is also cloaked in secrecy. All their names are blacked out in filings, and there are reports that many are being held in secure locations or have been given new identities under protection programs.
Guzman's lawyers have said that they intend to attack the credibility of those witnesses, many of whom are themselves convicted cartel members who have received reduced sentences in exchange for cooperation, or are paid informants.
The stakes are high.
This will be the largest drug case in U.S. history, and Guzman faces life behind bars as well as the forfeiture of up to $14 billion US in assets.
Emma Coronel, Guzman's wife, arrives for his trial in Brooklyn federal court on Tuesday. (Mark Lennihan/Associated Press)
Judge Brian Cogan is already proving testy, blasting prosecutors for their evidentiary overkill, and refusing to let Guzman hug his wife as the proceedings opened this morning, citing security concerns.
And at least one controversial argument in the case remains up in the air. In late September, the U.S. attorneys asked Cogan to stop the defence from introducing some comments from President Donald Trump, after his own lawyer became a cooperating witness in the Russia investigation.
"Flipping," the President told Fox News, "almost ought to be illegal."
Cogan has yet to deliver his ruling.
Glybera is a Canadian innovation that became the most expensive drug in the world — to the chagrin of one of its key developers, writes health reporter Kelly Crowe.
It's one of the greatest Canadian medical breakthroughs that you've likely never heard about.
Glybera — the world's first drug approved to treat a genetic disease — is a made-in-Canada discovery that made history.
But when it went on the market at a price of $1 million, it was immediately labelled the most expensive drug in the world. It was only sold once.
Last October its licence expired and it quietly disappeared from the market.
Dr. Michael Hayden at the University of British Columbia made the pivotal discoveries behind Glybera, but had nothing to do with the commercialization. He was shocked when he heard the price.
Dr. Michael Hayden looks over the results of genetic testing for Huntington's disease in this 2008 photo. He was not involved in the commercialization of Glybera, and says helping to develop a drug that the producer priced out of the reach of people it could help is 'not something I was particularly proud of.' (Darryl Dyck/Canadian Press)
"To be quite frank, this was not something I was particularly proud of — that the pricing of this made it out of the reach," said Hayden. "The whole motivation for doing this was to have this available for patients."
Even though the drug — developed to treat a rare genetic disorder called lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) that can cause pancreatitis and severe abdominal pain — changed the lives of many of the people who received it, Glybera is no longer available anywhere in the world.
This innovative Canadian discovery has quietly faded to become a footnote in medical history. It's the bittersweet story of a made-in-Canada health breakthrough derailed by the harsh realities of the pharmaceutical marketplace.
WATCH: Kelly Crowe's story about Glybera tonight on The National on CBC Television and streamed online
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Bomb On Board
CBC News and a team of experts are trying to shed new light on the unsolved 1965 bombing of Canadian Pacific Flight 21 that killed all 52 aboard, writes Ian Hanomansing.
This has been one of the most interesting projects I've ever worked on, and it started in an unusual way: an internet search by my wife.
I was in Humboldt, Sask., covering the terrible hockey team bus crash, and she was back in Vancouver, curious about other bus crashes in Canada with major losses of life. She ended up finding a list of tragedies with an entry that caught her attention: "Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21 ... crashed ... British Columbia ... when a bomb blew its tail section away ... July 8th 1965."
An investigator surveys the crash site of Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21, which was downed by a bomb over the wilderness of the B.C. interior on July 8, 1965, while en route to Whitehorse from Vancouver. All 52 people on board were killed. (Transport Canada)
How had we never heard of it?
Curious, I started tracking down people connected to the crash.
Every person I reached was generous with their time, and eloquent as they told their stories. A woman whose father was killed in the crash sent me hundreds of pages of documents, which I read between editions of The National.
The details were riveting. Police determined someone on board had planted a bomb in the rear lavatory. They identified four suspects — all of whom had reasons to make investigators curious — but never solved the case.
Ian Hanomansing examines some of the wreckage of Canadian Pacific Flight 21, which can still be found at the crash site in the B.C. interior more than 50 years after it was downed by a bomb. (Tiffany Foxcroft/CBC)
So we've decided to see how we could move it forward. We made access-to-information requests and gathered more documents. We talked to family members, including relatives of those suspects who have never spoken publicly. We visited the site of the crash, where pieces of the plane still lie scattered through the forest.
In a joint project with CBC Podcasts, we've brought in modern-day experts to review the case, including an air-crash investigator, a criminologist using state-of-the-art profiling software, and an explosives expert.
This is the biggest unsolved mass murder on Canadian soil. It deserves one more shot at trying to figure out who's responsible.
WATCH the story on Canadian Pacific Flight 21 from The National
READ more about the investigative project
"There's really nothing wrong with the comic book format. If Michelangelo and Shakespeare were alive today and decided to do a comic strip together, who's to say that it wouldn't be the most worthwhile, valid, viable form of literature that you could find."
- Legendary Marvel Comics super-hero creator Stan Lee, who passed away yesterday at the age of 95, in a 1974 interview with the Los Angeles Times.
Comic book creator Stan Lee poses beside art featuring Spider-Man at the Marvel Super Heroes Science Exhibition at the California Science Center in Los Angeles in 2006. Lee passed away Monday at the age of 95. (Damian Dovarganes/Associated Press)
What The National is reading
U.K. cabinet to meet after Britain, Europe reach draft Brexit deal (CBC)
Israel-Gaza border sees heaviest fighting since 2014 (CBC)
'Appalling' Khashoggi audio shocked Saudi intelligence, Erdogan says (Guardian)
As California's autumn rains vanish amid global warming, fires worsen (LA Times)
Amazon chooses NYC and Washington suburb for second HQ (NY Times)
China reverses tiger, rhino decision after outcry (Al Jazeera)
Pilots report UFOs off the Irish coast (BBC)
Self-driving vehicles will be brothels on wheels: study (Fox News)
Cheese is cheese, EU court rules (Politico EU)
Nov. 13, 1987: Margaret Atwood launches the CanLit Foodbook
Canada's monotone literary queen reads aloud detailed instructions on how to prepare a grapefruit. The book was a "meditation on the subject of food in literature," with the $16.95 proceeds going to the writers' group PEN. Poet Dennis Lee contributed a recipe for the Better Batter Fritter. But Farley Mowat's Creamed Mice surely wins the day.
Canadian authors including Margaret Atwood and Dennis Lee launch a different sort of book. 1:41
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Jonathon Gatehouse
Has covered news and politics at home and abroad, reporting from dozens of countries. He has also written extensively about sports, including seven Olympic Games and a best-selling book on the business of pro-hockey.
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Pipeline and heating products supplier, BSS Industrial, which is part of the Travis Perkins group, has launched a specialist hire division. Called Hire-It, the operation will focus primarily on the industrial plumbing and heating, mechanical services, and ventilation contractors' market.
Five depots were opened in February, being implants in existing BSS Industrial locations in Bristol, Manchester, Newcastle, Reading and Romford. Further outlets will be introduced alongside other BSS Industrial trade counters throughout the year. Typical products available for hire will include pressing tools, threading machines and welding equipment. Customers will also have access to items from TP Hire, Travis Perkins' tool hire division.
The Cleveleys branch of Smiths Equipment Hire has won The Hire Network Award, which recognises excellent performance by staff at an individual depot. The two runners up were the Slough outlet of Already Hire and the Carnforth depot of Hartley Hire.
The presentation was made by Hire Network Director, Trevor Tinker, during the Executive Hire Show. "We place a lot of orders with many hire companies throughout the country, and the Award is our way of highlighting those who really pull out all the stops in fulfilling them," he said.
On the first day of the Executive Hire Show, ArcGen Hilta made a charitable donation of £1,500 to The Lighthouse Club's Benevolent Fund, which offers financial help to those affected by illness or accidents in the construction industry. The money was raised following the manufacturer's pledge to donate £10 to the charity, up to a total of £1,500, for each SMC lighting tower purchased before the end of 2011.
The final details having been hammered out on the Ammann Equipment stand at the Executive Hire Show, Rocket Rentals MD Simon Tomblin placed a multiple machine order with Ammann's MD Robert Brown.
The deal comprises six mini excavators, including two 1740kg ViO17s with canopies, two 3375kg ViO33s with cabs, and two 4700kg ViO50s with cabs, together with a Cormidi C6.60 high tip tracked dumper. All the excavators are being supplied with Geith hydraulic quick couplers.
Visiting the Executive Hire Show gave John Morrissey, MD of Xpert Hire & Sales of Naas, the perfect opportunity to touch base with exhibitor Access Platform Sales (APS). Xpert was recently appointed as sole Irish distributor for Hinowa tracked aerial platforms, compact dumpers and fork lifts. APS covers the UK.
During his visit to the Executive Hire Show, Brandon Hire Fleet & Logistics Manager, Steve Pensom, officially accepted a specially configured Plant & Go delivery truck on the KFS Special Vehicles stand. Brandon runs approximately 350 3.5 tonne delivery vehicles, and the KFS bodied Fiat Ducato 2.3 Euro 5 is the first it has purchased from the company.
Steve said Brandon personnel first saw the potential of the vehicle at last year's Show. A demonstrator was subsequently trialled by the company's Plymouth depot and positive feedback led to the development of the vehicle, which has been bought for long term evaluation on a lease arrangement.
Brandon has specified its low floor Plant & Go vehicle with a reduced 3750mm wheelbase, a full width hinge-down tailgate and a 1500kg capacity 12V Rule electric winch with a Dyneema rope. The kerb weight of the vehicle is 1835kg and, with a 1580mm clearance between its rear wheel arches, it has a carrying capacity of 1.5 tonne.
During the Executive Hire Show, BTE Plant Sales received a multiple machine order from SPB Plant & Tool Hire of Scunthorpe, which bought eight Kubota compact excavators, a Terex 6 tonne TA6S power swivel dumper and two Terex lightweight tandem rollers.
The Kubotas comprise two 980kg KX008-3s, four 1500kg class KX015-4s (two with canopy and two with cab) and two 2590kg KX61-3s with cabs. At the Show, BTE Area Sales Manager Dean Burgwin (second from left) discussed the machines with SPB's MD Stephen Barrett, Plant Manager Wayne Grainger and Finance Director Caroline Barrett.
During the Executive Hire Show, those generous people at Euro Towers held a daily prize draw to win one of its new AGR podiums.National Sales Manager Gary Boyce presented Tim Garland, Business Development Director of Elvington Plant Hire of York with its prize. According to Tim Garland, "we are currently embarking on an ambitious expansion plan, with further diversification into the small tool hire market. We took the opportunity to visit the Show to seek out the right tools and equipment to add to our fleet.
Euro Towers' second daily winner was Gareth Hayward of Bristol-based Alide Hire Services, who is featured amongst our Hirers at the Show round-up.


text:
Q: $A,B$ are matrices $3x3$ so that $B^2A=-2B^3$ and $B^3+AB^2=3I$ express $A^{-1}$ and $B^{-1}$ using $B$ I have the follow question :
$A,B$ are matrices $3x3$ so that $B^2A=-2B^3$ and $B^3+AB^2=3I$ express $A^{-1}$ and $B^{-1}$ using $B$
I tried to "play" with the equations but I always get stuck with $A^{-1}$ or $B^{-1}$ in the wrong side.
Any ideas?
Thank you!

A: Since $B^3+AB^2=3I$ it follows $(\frac{1}{3}B^2+\frac{1}{3}AB)B=I$ hence $B$ is invertible and $$B^{-1}=\frac{1}{3}B^2+\frac{1}{3}AB$$
Then, $A=-2B$, also $-B^3=3I$, $B^{-1}=-\frac{1}{3}B^2$ and $A^{-1}=\frac{1}{6}B^2$.

A: $(B^2+AB)B=3I$, so $B$ is invertible, and in fact $B^{-1}=(B^2+AB)/3$. Since $B$ is invertble, $B^2A=-2B^3$ shows that $A=-2B$. Put that back into the expression for $B^{-1}$ and you have $B^{-1}$ in terms of $B$. And then you get $A^{-1}$ as well, because...

A: Using the comment of @DavidC.Ullrich we consider $B^3+AB^2=3I$ or that $(B+A)B^2=3I$.  If $B$ is not invertible, then it does not have full rank and any product of $B$ would not have full rank, but since $I$ has full rank, this is impossible.  Therefore, $B$ is invertible.
Now, taking the first equation, $B^2A=-2B^3$, we have $2B^3+B^2A=0$ so that $B^2(2B+A)=0$.  Since $B$ is invertible, we know that $2B+A=0$ or that $A=-2B$.  Therefore, $A$ is also invertible.
Now, observe that $B^3+AB^2=B^3-2B^3=-B^3$.  Therefore, $-B^3=3I$.  Multiplying through by $B^{-1}$ gives $-B^2=3B^{-1}$.  Since $A=-2B$, the result for $A$ follows similarly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
1 officer dies day after San Antonio shooting
SAN ANTONIO (FOX 26) - One day after two San Antonio police officers were left in critical condition following a shooting, one of them has died.
The San Antonio Police Department released the following statement on its Facebook page:
It is with heavy hearts that we share that our brother, Officer Miguel I. Moreno, #1603, succumbed to his injuries and passed away at 1111 hrs.
Please keep his family in your thoughts and prayers during this difficult time.
SAPD Chief William McManus said during a news conference on Thursday that Moreno and another officer were shot during a stop and one suspect was shot as well. The officers were on directed patrol and stopped two individuals. When the officers exited the patrol vehicle, one suspect opened fire and struck the officers, Chief McManus explained. The officers returned fire and struck the suspect,
One of the officers was shot in the head and the other officer was struck in the upper torso. The other suspect who was not injured was taken to homicide investigators.
McManus said Moreno and the other officer are both 9-year veterans of the force.


As of the beginning of this month, the two most expensive seating sections in the new Minnesota Vikings stadium are nearly sold out. Costs associated with the Field and Valhalla clubs include a stadium builder license (SBL) fee of $9,500 and a ticket price of $400 per game.
SBLs are expected to generate $125 million, which will help offset the $477 million the Vikings owe towards the new stadium's $975 million total cost.
The new Minnesota Vikings stadium is scheduled to be completed in time for the 2016 football season.


text:
Home » Lifestyle » Health » This wireless device might help treat obesity
This wireless device might help treat obesity
The harvester was also equipped to produce tiny currents to power the LEDs. When the radio frequency source was switched on, the researchers showed that the light from the LEDs was effective at suppressing hunger.
Updated on : Sun 10th January 2021, 11:59 AM
To help people treat obesity, researchers have come out with a medical device that might help with weight loss and requires a simpler operative procedure for implantation.
According to the team, their centimetre-sized device provides the feeling of fullness by stimulating the endings of the vagus nerve with light. Unlike other devices that require a power cord, their device is wireless and can be controlled externally from a remote radio frequency source.
"We wanted to create a device that not only requires minimal surgery for implantation but also allows us to stimulate specific nerve endings in the stomach. Our device has the potential to do both of these things in the harsh gastric conditions, which, in the future, can be hugely beneficial to people needing dramatic weight-loss surgeries," said researcher Sung II Park, assistant professor at the Texas A&M University in the US.
In recent years, the vagus nerve has received much attention as a target for treating obesity since it provides sensory information about fullness from the stomach lining to the brain, according to a paper published in the journal Nature Communications.
Although there are medical devices that can stimulate the vagus nerve endings and consequently help in curbing hunger, these devices are similar in design to a pacemaker, that is, wires connected to a current source provide electrical jolts to activate the tips of the nerve.
However, the researcher said wireless technology, as well as the application of advanced genetic and optical tools, have the potential to make nerve stimulation devices less cumbersome and more comfortable for the patient.
"Despite the clinical benefit of having a wireless system, no device, as of yet, has the capability to do chronic and durable cell-type specific manipulation of neuron activity inside of any other organ other than the brain," he said.
To address this gap, Park and his team first used genetic tools to express genes that respond to light into specific vagus nerve endings in vivo. Then, they designed a tiny, paddle-shaped device and inserted micro-LEDs near the tip of its flexible shaft, which was fastened to the stomach.
In the head of the device, called the harvester, they housed microchips needed for the device to wirelessly communicate with an external radio frequency source.
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Will the Dow Keep Rising in the Second Half?
Dan Caplinger, The Motley Fool, AOL.com
Jul 4th 2012 11:08AM
With half the year gone, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (INDEX: ^DJI) has had a middle-of-the-road year so far, gaining about 5.5%. Although that lags the broader market, with the S&P 500 (INDEX: ^GSPC) having risen by more than 8%, it still sets the stage for what could be a quite reasonable overall return for the Dow in 2012.
But with the bull market in stocks having gone on for more than three years now, some investors fear that the second half of 2012 could be a lot less profitable than the first half was. With those concerns in mind, let's take a look at some of the factors that will determine how the Dow and the overall stock market perform for the rest of the year.
History and the seasons
If you look solely at historical returns without taking them in the context of any particular year, the evidence is unclear whether the second half would tend to be better than the first. On one hand, the old adage "sell in May and go away" makes it seem as if the second half would be worse than the first, especially since September and October have the worst reputations for losses for the stock market.
But looking back at the past 20 years of S&P 500 data, the stock market has actually done better in the second half on average by a bit more than a percentage point. The rallies that took hold during 2009 and 2010 did a lot to bolster this trend, although last year's terrible third quarter broke that streak. Relying on seasonal factors without considering other fundamental considerations isn't a very good idea in any event.
The biggest stocks
Because of the way the Dow is calculated, five stocks are responsible for almost a third of the total weight of the Dow. It therefore makes sense to pay close attention to their prospects.
IBM (NYS: IBM) is responsible for 11.5% of the Dow's weight all by itself. It's up roughly 7% on the year as the company has beaten earnings estimates in both of the past two quarters. Analysts haven't ratcheted expectations much higher, though, still maintaining calls for about a 10% year-over-year rise in earnings. That gives IBM room to surprise on the upside, and strong earnings could produce further gains in the stock.
Collectively, Chevron and ExxonMobil have almost as much influence on the Dow as IBM. During the second quarter, crude oil prices dropped below the $80 mark briefly, but more rumblings from Iran have put price support under the market and suggest that prices could rise further from here. Both companies will probably see year-over-year earnings-per-share declines, though, and that could deflate shareholders' optimism if they can't beat those estimates substantially.
Other big Dow components look to continue more moderate growth. Both 3M (NYS: MMM) and McDonald's have analysts expecting slow but steady growth from year-ago levels. 3M's focus on innovation continually helps the company navigate tough environments, while McDonald's has slumped in the face of weakness overseas and a strong U.S. dollar.
The wild card is Caterpillar (NYS: CAT) , which has seen a huge drop because of fading emerging-market growth. If China can reignite its economic engines, however, Caterpillar could singlehandedly lift the Dow higher by recovering the ground it has lost in recent months.
Valuation and dividend yield
On a valuation basis, both the Dow and the S&P 500 appear to have further room to move to the upside. Trailing P/E ratios of 14 for the Dow and 15 for the S&P aren't ridiculously high, especially given low interest rates that make alternatives look even worse than normal. Even with modest growth estimates, forward multiples weigh in at 12 for the Dow and 13 for the S&P.
On the dividend front, yields have risen from year-ago levels, with the S&P's yield at 2.1% and the Dow at around 2.6%. Neither of those numbers may seem high in absolute terms, but when you consider that the 10-year Treasury bond yields just 1.6%, it makes dividend stocks look attractive -- and certainly explains the huge interest in dividend payers that has arisen in recent years.
Think long-term
Putting it all together, the Dow clearly has the potential to add to its first-half gains throughout the rest of 2012. An unexpected shock could create big problems for the benchmark, but in the absence of such an event, the fundamentals look healthy for stocks to continue their bull market for the remainder of the year.
Even a six-month timeframe isn't long enough to judge true investing success, though. Stocks need plenty of time to produce the best long-term performance. If you have the patience to wait for long-term prospects to play out, let me suggest that you read The Motley Fool's latest special report, where you'll find three Dow stocks with great dividend and growth prospects. The report is absolutely free, so get your copy today.
At the time this article was published Fool contributorDan Caplingerdoesn't own shares of the companies mentioned. You can follow him on Twitter,@DanCaplinger. The Motley Fool owns shares of IBM, McDonald's, and ExxonMobil.Motley Fool newsletter serviceshave recommended buying shares of McDonald's, 3M, and Chevron, as well as creating a synthetic long position on IBM and a diagonal call position on 3M. Try any of our Foolish newsletter servicesfree for 30 days. We Fools don't all hold the same opinions, but we all believe thatconsidering a diverse range of insightsmakes us better investors. The Fool has adisclosure policy.


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Euro Star! Roksana rocks it with stunning Junior Eurovision win
Art & Culture | News | Life
Kirsty Hardial November 26, 2018
Teenage sensation Roksana 'Roxie' Węgiel, from Jasło, becomes first Pole to win Junior Eurovision contest PAP/EPA
Teenage singing sensation Roksana Węgiel has become the first Pole to win the Junior Eurovision competition.
The 13-year-old beat runner up France by a total of 12 points to take the coveted title with her song Anyone I Want to Be.
Prior to the competition in the Belarusian capital Minsk, Polish starlet 'Roksie' had already been pegged as one of the favourites to win after her song went viral on YouTube with over 1 million views in just two weeks.
With a record breaking 20 entrants taking part in the competition, the artist vocally battled it out with rivals from Kazakhstan, Wales, Australia, and France.
Roxie moved the judges and audience with her song Anyone I want to Be, written by Polish singer Lanberry, Danish producer Cutfather, British-American songwriter Maegan Cottone, and Danish-Norwegian musician Daniel Heløy Davidsen.PAP/EPA
Some 15,000 people gathered at the Minsk-Arena to applaud the winner, who was elected by an international jury and voted for by internet and TV watchers across the globe.
After being announced winner, a clearly emotional Węgiel said: "I can't believe it, really.
"I'm very happy and excited. I want to thank my country, my family, my dancers, the other contestants, God…. I don't know what to say. Amazing, really!"
Starting singing lessons when she was just eight, the young star was poised as she belted out her inspirational number which was written by an all-star international team, consisting of Polish singer Lanberry, Danish producer Cutfather, British-American songwriter Maegan Cottone, and Danish-Norwegian musician Daniel Heløy Davidsen.
The singer, who already has two singles and a film soundtrack under her belt, is now planning on releasing her first album.Roksana Węgiel OFC/Facebook
It's been a busy year for the young star. In February she won the first Polish season of The Voice Kids, later being she signed up to record label Universal Music Polska.
She released her second single 'Obiecuję' before being chosen to record the soundtrack for the Polish version of the hit film Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation.
Now crowned as the 16th Junior Eurovision winner, the teen from the town of Jasło in southern Polish town of Jasło is planning to release an album.
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text:
SEIU Thugs Target Eagle Scout
1 Comment / Communism/Socialism, Leftist moonbats, Politics / By sfcmac
Just when you think they can't get any scummier.
A Pennsylvania union leader has come under fire after threatening legal action against the city of Allentown for allowing a Boy Scout to voluntarily clear a walking path in a local park.
Nick Balzano, president of the Service Employees International Union's Allentown chapter, said last week that the union might file a grievance against the city for allowing 17-year-old Kevin Anderson to clear the hiking trail, instead of paying some of the 39 recently laid-off SEIU members to do the work.
Balzano's office did not return messages left by FoxNews.com, but the Morning Call quoted him as telling the city council that the union would be "looking into the Cub Scout or Boy Scout who did the trails … There's to be no volunteers."
Or else….
SEIU spokesman Matt Nerzig called Balzano's comments "completely unauthorized and insensitive" and said the union was "not at all" considering a grievance in this case.
"Not sure if it was out of context or just a bad moment, but we've got no intention of doing anything like that," Nerzig told FoxNews.com. "Not sure where he got the idea but he certainly doesn't have the authority to do so."
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,575650,00.html
Translation: 'Balzano should have cleared the strong-arm tactics with us first, just like when we barge into the Tea Party protests and try to intimidate Americans exercising their First Amendment rights.'
1 thought on "SEIU Thugs Target Eagle Scout"
yoyo ma
maybe, if you folks wouldve worked hard like this young man earlier in life, you wouldnt need menial jobs and the union to protect your lazy asses.


What Are The Rules And Tips For Breast Milk Storage?
When you make the decision to breastfeed your baby, it's important to know how breast milk can and should be stored. Whether you're a stay-at-home mom, work-from-home mom, or a mom who works out of the home, chances are you'll need to pump and store breast milk to use at some point. Breast milk storage is pretty straightforward. But there are definitely some rules and tips to make it as easy and safe as possible for your little one.
What kind of container should you use for breast milk storage?
Breast milk can be stored in hard BPA-free plastic or glass capped containers, or in special plastic bags. I always chose to use the capped containers, because I could pump directly into them. But the baggies are great for saving space in your fridge or freezer. Also keep in mind, the baggies can tear or leak. For extra protection, store baggies in hard plastic food containers.
Always make sure to wash your hands before expressing and preparing milk for storage. Once you've pumped, fill containers in one-feeding increments (2-4 ounces to start), and try to store a few smaller amounts as well. Having a stash of 1-2 ounce feedings for emergencies or cluster feeds can be a lifesaver. Make sure you don't overfill, as breast milk expands when it freezes! Label each container clearly with the date the milk was expressed, and your baby's name if they'll be at daycare or with a nanny. Breast milk should be stored in the back of the freezer or fridge, where it's coldest. You can also add freshly expressed milk to refrigerated or frozen milk you pumped the same day. Before adding, make sure the fresh milk is completely cooled down.
How long will breast milk keep?
If you decide to breastfeed your baby, these tips can help make the journey a bit easier! Proper breast milk storage can help make the transition back to work or into daycare a lot easier for a nursing mom. And it can also be a godsend when you need a break and someone else can feed the baby! You shouldn't be the only one enjoying 3 a.m. feedings, after all.


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Q: Is it a good idea to resolve promises for all arguments when writing a function? If my project uses Promise a lot, is it a good idea to resolve promises for all arguments when writing a function? For example,
function foo (arg1, arg2, arg3) {
    // do stuff with arg1, arg2, arg3
}

let pArg1 = getArg1Async();
let pArg2 = pArg1.then(calcArg2Async);
let pArg3 = getArg3Async();

let p = Promise.join(pArg1, pArg2, pArg3, foo);

becomes
function foo(pArg1, pArg2, pArg3) {
    return Promise.join(pArg1, pArg2, pArg3, function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
        // do stuff with arg1, arg2, arg3
    });
}

let pArg1 = getArg1Async();
let pArg2 = pArg1.then(calcArg2Async);
let pArg3 = getArg3Async();

let p = foo(pArg1, pArg2, pArg3);

A: This is often called "lifting" a method. It's a useful and known technique and you can easily write a helper that does it for you:
function lift(fn){
    return function(){
       return Promise.all.call(this, arguments).then(fn);
    }
}

Or in "Modern Node" and ignoring this:
const lift = fn => (...args) => Promise.all(args).then(fn)

Which would let you do:
var lifted = lift(myFn);
// fn will run when the promises resolve
// and return a promise for the value.
var res = lifted(promise1, promise2);


text:
Anti-Jam Protection by Antenna
February 1, 2013 - By GPS World Staff
Figure 6. Outdoor jamming test campaign.
Conception, Realization, Evaluation of a Seven-Element GNSS CRPA
By Frederic Leveau, Solene Boucher, Erwan Goron, and Herve Lattard
A controlled radiated pattern antenna can be an effective way to protect GPS receivers against jamming. A new CRPA, composed of seven elements, works on the E5a, E5b, E6, L2, and L1 bandwidths. This article reports on radiation pattern measurements of the array in a test facility.
Controlled radiation pattern antenna (CRPA) technique is considered to be the best GPS pre-correlation protection technique against interference. It consists of an antenna array and a processing unit that performs a phase-destructive sum of the incoming interference signals, this process being equivalent to making nulls towards interferers in the array radiation pattern.
Considering the growing Galileo system and the possible interest of the French Ministry of Defense in the Public Regulated Service (PRS) , a prospective study was undertaken to develop an array compatible with GPS M-code, Galileo PRS, and aeronautical radionavigation signals in the E5 bandwidth. The French Expertise & Procurement Defence Agency (DGA) awarded the French company SATIMO a feasibility contract to design, conceive, realize, and evaluate a circular array composed of seven elementary patch antennas (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. CRPA unit receiving satellite and jammer signals.
SATIMO, a company specializing in R&D for antennas and in innovative antenna test ranges, has since developed this GPS-Galileo CRPA antenna, shown below.
New CRPA developed by SATIMO.
The CRPA consists of seven elementary patches covering E5a, E5b, L2, E6, L2, and L1 frequency bandwidths, using microstrip multilayer technology. Each element is housed in a 9-centimeter (diameter) by 2-centimeter (height) radome, connector excluded. In that volume, a space provision has been reserved to include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and two filters for a sharp out-of-band rejection. As a consequence, it is possible to configure three types of arrays: passive without filters, passive with two passband filters, and finally active (including a LNA, with a gain > 26dB, NF<0.9dB) with two passband filters. The maximum gain levels in these configurations are from 3.6 dBi to 29.8 dBi. For radiation patterns, see Figure 2.
Figure 2A. CRPA radiation patterns.
Figure 2B. CRPA radiation patterns.
The design of the single element has been optimized to control the deviations of each patch antenna when included in a seven-element array.
To limit mutual coupling with respect to the array dimensions, the distance between the elements' phase centers has been chosen close to 0.7 λ at L1 frequency. This value results in a 36.5-centimeter (diameter) array. The standalone antenna and the CRPA antenna have been validated through an environmental testing campaign.
The usual iterative tuning and the optimization process for prototyping have been performed on SATIMO's arch test range. This test facility indeed significantly reduces the time required to characterize the antenna-under-test (AUT) radiation pattern, in comparison with classical anechoic chamber test facilities.
More precisely, the arch test range instantaneously scans the field in one whole site angle cross-section plane, whereas the legacy systems mechanically scan the same cross-section plane by rotating the AUT for each incremental angle value. The spatial sampling of the near-field radiated by the AUT, thanks to a large number of probes along the arch surrounding it, enables a significant savings in time. The near-field results in the current plane can be displayed in real-time on a computer screen. Then, the rotation of AUT around its axis is automatically controlled by the measurement system, and a new acquisition is performed for each new cross-section plane. A Fourier transform computation is eventually applied to the 3D near-field to get the far-field radiation pattern.
The radiating characterization of the CRPA has been performed with a SATIMO SG24 system. With such a system, we have measured the complete 3D radiation patterns of each single element in less than 40 minutes per antenna.
The evaluation of the CRPA array was performed with this test bed in SATIMO's facility (see photos below). The process begain with measuring an element alone on a ground plane, in order to extract the gain, the axial ratio, the aperture angle, the matching values, and every feature that defines a fixed-radiation pattern antenna. The evaluation secondly consisted of characterizing the array, that is, extracting the gain and the phase of each element in the array, with respect to a reference element. To implement such a reference anytime during the near-field acquisition process, the arch test range (Figure 3) is very powerful, because all the probes constantly point at the center of the array, despite AUT's motions. On the contrary, the need for such a reference makes measurements difficult in anechoic chambers, which often require canceling out misalignments, thanks to specific motions that must be taken into account in the computations.
CRPA in measurements.
Figure 3. Arch test range working principle.
Functional tests are another important part of the CRPA unit evaluation. Usually, two kind of tests can be conducted: outdoors or in anechoic chamber.
Classical Tests. DGA plans to perform outdoor test campaigns by utilizing an array placed on the roof of an all-terrain vehicle (see photo). The array will be connected to a CRPA GPS processing unit and to a receiver in the vehicle. Some interferers will be located along the trajectory of the vehicle, according to various scenarios defining their waveforms and their power levels. The CRPA capability to reject those interferers can then be assessed. These kinds of outdoor tests naturally suit CRPA's processing unit and array characterization, as they involve radiated GPS and interfering signals. However, these kinds of tests are not reproducible and are quite complicated to set up.
Outdoor jamming test campaign.
Some tests in anechoic chambers could be an alternative in order to obtain reproducible test results, but in that case, transmitting GPS constellation signals indoor becomes a challenge. An option could be the use of a GPS signal simulator, but this means a unique direction of arrival of GPS signals. Moreover, no dynamic trajectory could be done.
New Test Bed. DGA recently acquired a test bed, developed by INEO Defense, that enables evaluating CRPA units in conducted mode, for example. There is no longer a need to radiate either GPS signals or interfering signals. The purpose of this test bed, called BAnc de Caractérisation des Antennes Réseaux Antibrouillage (BACARA), or test bed to characterize anti-jamming antenna arrays (Figure 4 and Figure 5), is to replace the array and simulate its GPS and jamming environment. This means that it is able to create elementary antenna phase delays and gains resulting from the array geometry, by using finite impulse response (FIR) filters (Figure 6). This is the reason why this test bed must be fed with the array phase and gain measurement results obtained with the arch test range.
Figure 4. BACARA test bed.
Figure 5. BACARA working principle.
Alternatively, these results can be obtained with traditional anechoic chamber measurements. 10 channels of a multi-channel GPS simulator, each one matched with a satellite, are used by the test bed. Thus, BACARA coherently sums GPS constellation simulator output channels and interfering signals, so as to accurately simulate the array's behavior in the laboratory. As a result, for any CRPA processing unit, it is possible to compare the array's impact on a processing unit with an ideal array being composed of perfect elementary antennas.
Unfortunately, BACARA currently operates on L1 or L2, but not on the E6 and E5 bandwidths. On the other hand, this test bed is able to simulate dynamic trajectories, with the mobile positions and attitudes. Up to 10 internal jammers with various waveforms can be set up, and their power levels over time are computed by software like Warfare or Matlab. A numerical calibration allows some transparency of the test bed for CRPA units under test.
Figure 7. BACARA graphical user interface.
Figure 8. Examples of available simulated array geometry.
SATIMO, a company specializing in electromagnetic field measurements in the microwave frequency range and part of the Microwave Vision Group, has developed an array for the reception of M-code, PRS, and aeronautical radionavigation signals. This antenna array has been fully evaluated and qualified through electrical and environmental tests. The measurement methods have enabled the company to demonstrate the feasibility of the performances expected. Functional evaluations restricted to GPS are still under way. To do so, DGA will utilize its complementary outdoor and indoor test means, especially its laboratory test bed BACARA, as a tool to precisely evaluate GPS CRPA units.
Frederic Leveau works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. His main interests are Galileo PRS prospective studies and developments and the integration of CRPA systems within French platforms.
Solene Boucher works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. Her main interests are Galileo PRS prospective studies and developments. She is also responsible for the test bed BACARA.
Erwan Goron is an engineer at SATIMO Industries (Microwave Vision Group). His main activity is antenna conception.
Herve Lattard is an engineer at SATIMO Industries (Microwave Vision Group). His main activity is antenna conception.
Research Roundup: Focus on maritime
Seen & Heard: Pedestrian safety, canoe tracking
Finding time: Accuracy test of Locata Network takes place at White Sands
This article is tagged with antenna technology, jamming, signal processing and posted in From the Magazine, OEM
About the Author: GPS World Staff


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub