Good morning everyone! It is a new morning of a new month – the first Saturday morning of June to be exact! Join Coco and Deborah for the Ultimate Coffee Date link up!
Due to my ignoring my alarms, I am now running late and don't have time to stop for coffee… Busy day ahead! A coffee stop WILL happen soon!
I am in Junction City, a nearby town, assembling and bringing home my first Bountiful Basket in nearly 3 months!
In my defense, the volunteer run service took like 8 weeks off to "improve" the baskets…more local produce, better quality, etc. Today is the test… I have seen yummy pictures of another close city's baskets and I am optimistic!
For last 4 weeks, since they started back up, I have been out of town… I do have a race this weekend, but it is Sunday morning 🙂 Sunday race for the WIN!
I generally go and volunteer to set up the baskets because then you get an extra piece of produce as a "thank you".
All is great…until the truck delivering said produce is late!! A 7am pick up means there is a 6am volunteer check in… But when the truck is late, people start showing up wanting their produce and there is nothing to show for it… Yeah, our truck is late and I haven't had my coffee! Let the waiting game begin!
I would tell you that I am so excited to continue running ultra marathons!
Last weekend was my first taste and I am hooked! The volunteers, aide stations, and "scenic" road races are going to have a lot of work to even be in the same spectrum to compare to a ultra! I will forever be spoiled by the ultra marathon experience!
I never would have thought I would be running this soon after my first 50k! I really listened to my body and the knowledge of my upcoming race calendar to take it easy… Yeah, I would most likely be taking a bigger chunk of recovery if I really gave the 50k a huge effort…and I would completely regret that!
I should know by now that a first go at a new race distance should be a fun experience, a learning experience, and something to build upon!! I had fun with my first marathon in April, but I was plain miserable starting at mile 17…no fun! I had to take some major recovery time…which isn't possible this fall (or at least 2 more weeks).
"Slow and steady" and "Pace my own race" is completely how I approached the 50k and I am so excited about my future running prospects!
I would ask you,…do you ever get overwhelmed with the amount of posts you have in your drafts folder??
I have quite a few posts working in the pipeline and…well, it is a little intimidating!
Anyone want to bring Me some coffee??
Fall is great, isn't it?! Love it!!
Have you heard of or used Bountiful Baskets or a similar service? Have you ever used pacers in a race?


7:23 a.m. A deputy assisted a citizen with a locked vehicle in the 2500 block of W. Woodland Ave., Peru.
7:50 a.m. A deputy discovered a disabled vehicle in the area of S. Business 31/W. River Rd., Peru. The driver had stopped to check paperwork.
10:01 a.m. A deputy conducted a security check in the 5200 block of N. 100 E., Peru.
12:40 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of S. Business 31/S. 200 W. Narcotic arrest.
12:41 a.m. K9 Deployment in the area of S. Business 31/S. 200 W. Free air sniff.
1:11 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of W. Division Rd./N. US Route 31. Written warning issued.
1:28 a.m. An officer assisted Dukes EMS with a medical call in the 30 block of Cory Ave.
6:51 a.m. Report of trespassing in the 4300 block of S. 550 E., Peru. No further information provided.
8:21 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of N. Water St./N. Mexico Rd., Mexico.
8:35 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of N. Alpine Dr./N. Mexico Rd., Mexico.
12:58 a.m. An officer located an open door on a vehicle in the area of N. Walnut St. / W. 6th St. Made contact with the owner's brother who took care of the issue.
1:13 a.m. 911 Hang-up in the 100 block of W. 6th St. Checked ok.
1:25 a.m. A report of a possible impaired driver at the Gallahan Truck Stop on W. 100 N. Checked ok.
12:02 a.m. A report of a domestic disturbance in the 43000 block of Keesler Ct., Peru. This call was handled by the Indiana State Police.
4:30 a.m. A report of a traffic hazard in the area of W. 300 N. / N. US Route 31, Peru. No additional information was provided on this call.
7:09 a.m. A report of a tree partially in the roadway in the area of W. 800 N. / N. 300 W., Denver. Officers were able to remove the tree from the roadway.
1:09 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of W. 600 N. / N. US Route 31, Peru.
1:26 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of W. 400 N. / N. US Route 31, Peru.
2:00 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of S. US Route 31 / W. 560 S., Peru.
4:12 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of E. US Route 24 / N. 300 E., Peru.
7:52 a.m. 911 Hang-up in the 2500 block of E. Chili Cemetery Rd., Denver. Checked ok.
9:07 a.m. A deputy assisted EMS with a medical call in the 400 block of S. Emmons St., Denver.
1:02 a.m. A report of a suspicious subject standing in the roadway in the area of Wayne St. / E. 6th St. No additional information was provided on this call.
1:09 a.m. An officer observed a suspicious vehicle parked across the sidewalk and on an unpaved area in the area of Ewing St. / Wabash St., Peru. Steven Porter, 33 of Peru, the operator of the truck, was issued warnings and arrested for Operating While Intoxicated.
1:29 a.m. Traffic stop in the area of Water St. / E. Main St. Summons issued.


Take a minute today to admire something that you believe is beautiful. Something that if for just a moment gives you peace and joy and reminds you that busy is not always best. Because the difference between happy and unhappy might be the time you took to look at these flowers, or read a poem, or drink a cup of coffee.
Write about it or tell someone what it means to you.
when at the end of it you feel like something is missing? Or that you ignored something significant.
It took me until now to understand why people drink a glass of wine at the end of their work day. They are taking a moment to admire something they believe is beautiful.
It's funny how the older I get the less wasteful my life seems. Every day at the end of it means something.
Some of my favorite days are spent working with these sweet blooms. It was only a year ago when I could barely buy a bunch of flowers and would forage as much as I could to create some sort of arrangement to take photos of. Now my home is filled with dried flowers from some of those first arrangements. I feel so blessed to be living these days and sharing them with some of the most wonderful people.
Here's to my little home getting some much needed organizing, meeting some delightful new people, and touching flowers on a daily basis.
I can tell that 2014 is going to be a great one. There will be a lot of changes in our photography business, several weddings to design and our puppy is going to turn into a huge bear.
Also, my husband is going to be creating a lot of great things like this piece below.
This season is so wonderful. It's full of new traditions, yummy baked goods and days of laying around the house with my sweet family.
All photos were taken by Bcreative Tulsa.
Here I am...learning as I go, making a lot of things up, but having a great time.
It's been my dream for a long time to work with flowers but it took me a long time to actually start. Flowers are expensive and I'm self employed so I work with what I can. This is an arrangement I got to make for a really great cause. To see what Katie and I are doing follow Ever Something Event Styling on Facebook or Instagram @EverSomething.
Or maybe even check out our website here.
I have more photos I'd like to post from our trip but here are some that I could post really quick before heading out. These were taken by Feather & Twine Photography. We had such a great time !


text:
Q: Init scripts for mongos and config server for MongoDB sharding I created a sharding in local environment for testing purpose.
I have three config server on 1 machine and 1 query router on same machine and two data nodes on two different machines.
Everything works fine but my problem is I am unable to keep all process active running on different ports as I don't have any start / stop script. I run processes on command line with & in the end to make it active which is very poor way to keep proces active and sometime it dies automatically.
Please help or provide a way to use scripts and also script can handle various ports to active all process on single machine.

A: You shouldn't never be looking to drive multiple instances from one init script, as this creates a whole amount of excess administrative work when you are doing startup/shutdown of any one of the instances.
You should look to have one init script for each individual database process instance as this is Linux best practice.
For the most part you should be able to use the generic MongoDB provided init script and then make a renamed copy for each database instance.
You should then create individual config files for each instance, which should contain slightly different configurations and run each instance on its own port, own dbpath and own logfile.
You can then point each init script at the config file for its instance and everything should work as planned.
Finally, within MongoDB, you should use the --fork option, which provides a safe way to detach MongoDB from a shell instance. If you absolutely must continue using shell fork (the & operator) then you should wrap MongoDB in "nohup" to avoid having the instance closed by a termination of your shell. This would look something like:
   nohup <mongodb cmd and arguments> &
Edit:
You can use the same process to use the same init scripts to launch MongoS. You need to find the line which sets the mongod binary as the one to be executed. Under all of the debian derivatives this would be the DAEMON variable. Change this to point to mongos instead of mongod and off you go.

A: For config server we can use the below script :
#!/bin/bash

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:        MongoDB Config Server
# Required-Start:  $network
# Required-Stop:   $network
# Default-Start:   2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:    0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start/Stop MongoDB Config server
### END INIT INFO

start() {
        /usr/bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/configdb/ --port 27018 &
}

stop() {
        for a in `ps -ef | grep 27018 | awk '{print $2}'`; do kill -9 $a; done
}

case $1 in
  start|stop) $1;;
  restart) stop; start;;
  *) echo "Run as $0 <start|stop|restart>"; exit 1;;
esac

We can use the scripts like below example for query_router:
#!/bin/bash

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:        MongoDB Config Server
# Required-Start:  $network
# Required-Stop:   $network
# Default-Start:   2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:    0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start/Stop MongoDB Config server
### END INIT INFO

start() {
        /usr/bin/mongos --configdb 192.168.3.187:27018 --port 27019 &
}

stop() {
        for a in `ps -ef | grep 27019 | awk '{print $2}'`; do kill -9 $a; done
}

case $1 in
  start|stop) $1;;
  restart) stop; start;;
  *) echo "Run as $0 <start|stop|restart>"; exit 1;;
esac

We can't use default mongo configuration for mongos because it also need to define config database and port info in start-up.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


High growth can speed up the heartbeat of a sales organization. It's a period of great excitement when a lot is happening in a lot of places. But behind closed doors, more heavy lifting is required to cope with the changes. Sales operations, for instance, have to step up their game so that all processes reflect growth from concept straight to the field.
Over years of working for top organizations which expanded their operations, our experts have gathered many insights on the topic. To wield the growth within your sales organization, we put together the third part of our High Growth blog series. Enjoy!
If the reps don't influence the high growth directly, focus compensation plans on other metrics/KPIs that would make it a little bit more challenging for reps to attain their targets.
For example, one could switch from sales target to market share; if the market goes up on its own, the strategic objective should focus on acquiring more market share.
Don't overpay! While rep income should also go up during these times, it shouldn't overtake revenue growth. I would advise all my customers to increase the frequency of analytics reporting and their granularity. With high growth, the room for error also increases, which can lead to high imbalance in terms of pay, performance, budget consumption and ROI. Make sure you have a way to monitor in real-time internal and external evolution, to be able to quickly correct any distortion.
Pay for qualitative measures. This will come in handy once high growth stops.
Shift some of the focus on additional products, which weren't so visible before.
Incentivize reps to step up their game and gain more experience with cross-selling.
Eliminate poor performers and attract top sales rep with the support of your Talent Management team.
Invest in your people. It will benefit the entire organization long after high growth has passed.
Be prepared to switch back to more traditional measures and be quick about it. Think about long term planning and consolidate your most relevant KPIs, those that reflect best the business outcomes you're chasing on the long run.
It's easy to get carried away during times of high growth. While everybody grows with the market, the difference will be made by those who turn high growth into sustainable growth. Just because the vertical is enjoying a high growth period, it doesn't mean you don't have competition.
This is the trickiest part to execute during high growth, but probably one of the most important, since it can predict when high growth is going to end.
Put analytics to good use and turn big data into smart data.
Intersect analytics from multiple angles before making decisions. YoY reports may not be sufficient since the relevant information may be condensed within a shorter time frame. Scale back and zoom in to capture those triggers which will help you anticipate the next high growth period. Be prepared for the next wave to gain an even steeper growth curve.
Modeling: run multiple scenarios and be ready to react. Have the numbers ready before it even happens.
"Your strategy should build upon the type of growth you are facing. If it's an M&A, the first question on the sales ops agenda should be: are we going to adopt their sales ops methods or ours?
To give you an example, when pharma companies have a new product launch, they should have in place a flexible platform to support the high level of growth, services around developing plans for those new components and types of incentives during the launch.
Chances are you don't get to choose one sales ops method to another, and it's going to be something brand new. Rebalancing, shifting things around and spreading the knowledge are crucial during high growth, particularly during mergers & acquisitions.
Depending on why high growth is happening, you may have to revisit your quotas, territories, hierarchy, add extra levels of detail, etc.
Sales operations should also benefit from the right mix of platform, business services, and expertise to be able to look at high-level objectives and initiatives that support high growth. During this period, best-in-class companies are often setting up Centers of Excellence that manage all changes at a higher level.
A dedicated position that supports the team during growth will help you keep things under control and take advantage of this exciting period.


In an opinion piece about China and the Arctic for the Global Times (in English and Chinese), Lowy Institute East Asia Program Director Linda Jakobson argues that Chinese policymakers will have to grapple with the jitters that China as a rising power evokes.
Chinese Arctic officials can sigh with relief. China, along with South Korea, Japan, India, Singapore and Italy, were welcomed as permanent observers into the Arctic Council on Wednesday.
Any other decision at the ministerial meeting in Kiruna, Sweden would have complicated, even hindered Beijing's desire to continue to engage internationally on Arctic developments.
As a permanent observer of the Arctic Council, China will not have voting rights, but it is assured the right to participate in discussions about the Arctic future.
The Arctic is not a priority of China's foreign policy. Yet the Chinese government has over the past five years increased investment in Arctic research.
It wants to deepen Chinese specialists' knowledge of the Arctic and strengthen China's capacity to take advantage of the opportunities and mitigate the challenges, which the changing Arctic environment poses. Many governments are doing the same.
The melting of the Arctic ice will have profound effects on climate patterns, affecting China's agriculture. The changed environment will potentially transform global shipping routes, on which China as a major trading nation relies.
During the next 20 years the northern sea route across the northern coast of Russia is expected to become a commercially viable shipping route during summer months. This has direct relevance for China, Japan and South Korea, all of which have flourishing trade ties with Europe.
The opening-up of the Arctic is also expected to provide access to new reserves of energy and other natural resources.
However, media commentary about Arctic resources often fails to point out that nearly all of the known energy and mineral resources are located within state borders or the universally agreed upon 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone of the coastal states and thus not subject to dispute.
China has repeatedly said it respects the sovereign rights of the Arctic states. At the same time, China has advocated that the Arctic states take into consideration the interests of non-Arctic states when deciding on future Arctic governance structures.
China emphasizes that the Arctic poses global, not just regional challenges. China's neighbors Japan and South Korea hold the same view. The melting Arctic ice will impact countries near and far. China's increased activities in the Arctic have evoked suspicions abroad of Beijing's intentions.
Why? In part, it is due to the uncertainty surrounding China's rise.
No one knows with certainty how China will use its power. Uncertainty causes anxiety, even fear.
Historically, rising major powers have caused jitters in the international community. This is a reality which Chinese policy-makers will grapple with, even when dealing with the remote Arctic.
In part, some of the suspicions directed toward China's growing Arctic activities have been a result of assertive public remarks by Chinese commentators about the Arctic belonging to all of mankind.
These remarks, as well as others made by a retired Chinese PLA officer, have been interpreted to mean that China contemplates challenging the sovereign rights of the Arctic states.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea states that the area of the ocean beyond national jurisdiction, and its resources, are the "common heritage of mankind."
No doubt China is concerned that the international waters of the Arctic will shrink considerably if all the claims by the Arctic states to outer-continental shelves are deemed legal. But it is hard to imagine that China would contest the sovereign rights of the Arctic states.
Complicating perceptions further is the difficulty outsiders have in understanding that media commentary by one official does not represent the policies of the Chinese government. Hence the many misunderstandings about China's intentions.
In part, some of the doubts about China's Arctic ambitions also relate to the uncertainties surrounding the Arctic. No one knows with certainty how the Arctic environment will develop and what problems it will pose.
Thus, there are two sets of uncertainties related to any discussion of China and the Arctic - the rise of China and the future of the Arctic.
China's successful bid to be accepted as a permanent observer in the Arctic Council will hopefully spur China to more actively participate in the working groups and discussions within the Council. On the basis of its own activities China can allay anxieties about its Arctic intentions.
China will hopefully contribute to the Arctic Council's efforts to protect the fragile Arctic environment and livelihood of indigenous peoples. These were, after all, the motives for its initial establishment in 1996.


68 pages. Illustrated in color throughout. Paperback.
Published on the occasion of the exhibition Albert Oehlen | Fabric Paintings, this catalogue includes both full plate images and details from a body of work never before shown as a group.
Painted from 1992 – 1996, the Fabric Paintings signaled a new direction in Oehlen's career. He abandoned the strict, formal compositions that he had produced in his early work and instead focused on the process of painting.
Rather than utilizing pristine canvas, Oehlen gained notoriety for his use of patterned fabric. He began these works by piecing together pre-printed striped or floral-pattern material as the painting support. From these fractured surfaces the Fabric Paintings appear explosive, a true test to the limits of painting.
Accompanying the reproductions and installation photographs, the book includes the essay "Whole Cloth" by John Corbett, as well as a full annotated catalogue of works.


2007 Jeep Patriot - looks great!
Service 4WD System warning message.
WH crd problems ? To buy or not to buy ?
So any action pics Commander?
Car stalled for no apparent reason - suggestions??
Water fording depth of Commander. Trail rated??
Towing and overheating with Commander Diesel?
Letter designation for Commander, XH?
Not much action in the Commander Thread????
Mobil 1 ESP Formula 5W-30, where to buy from.
Commander Rolling backwards when In Drive standing on the Driveway.
Help to identify which engine shown.
Commander Attempted Break-in - GRRR!
Hemi 5.7L V8 Clyl Deact.
would any one be interested in buying this running gear ???
6 - 08 build = 09 JK ????
TPMS - can it support a sixth wheel ???
J & J Bull Bars need our help !
WH - what size tyre & rim combo?
Commanders a the whistle drivers complain about.
Any one actually try this?
WH lift kits, OME or RK?
WH CRD front tow hooks?
WH Rear window size ???
WH 245/75/17 spare will it fit?
265/70R17 - fit a WH?
WH CRD Scan gauge or dash Hawk?


The expertise in ultraviolet light source manufacturing Jelight Company has gained throughout the years has assisted us in designing UV Wafer and EPROM Erasers with superior performance and productivity. Our high intensity UV lamp design is at least 25% greater than competitive systems for increased output. Excellent uniformity also ensures a fast and complete erasure.
How Do Wafer Erasers/EPROMs Work?
The basic memory element was developed by Frohman-Bentchkowsky at Intel Corporation and was known as the Floating-Gate-Avalanche-Injection MOS (FAMOS) transistor. It was essentially a silicon gate MOS field effect transistor, in which no connection was made to the gate. The gate was in fact electrically "floating" in an insulating layer of silicon dioxide. The devices have been fabricated in two structures: p-channel and n-channel. The p-channel devices were the first EPROMs available commercially, but many devices are now using n-channel technology. N-channel MOS devices have the advantage of being able to function with a single power supply.
Most Wafer Erasers have a nominal erasing energy of 15W-sec/cm². However, for complete erasure, some chips require as little as 6 or 10W-sec/cm², or as much as 25W-sec/cm².
Below is a picture of our Model 2442 with some 8″ [203 mm] wafers for scale.
Quick load/unload trays for wafers and EPROM.
Heavy duty construction for longevity.
Safety interlocks to prevent accidental UV exposure.
Jelight Company can also manufacture customized products, including: Conveyor belt systems, Wafer Erasers of larger capacities, cassette to cassette erasing systems, additional trays, and radiometers.
At 6 W-sec/cm2: 11,250 to 45,000.
At 10 W-sec/cm2: 5,985 to 23,940.


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Future Hell: Nuclear Fiction in Pursuit of History
By Trevor J. Doherty
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11 | pg. 2/6 | « »
Cite References Print
IV. Hoban's Riddley Walker
Like Miller before him, Hoban in Riddley Walker has imagined our civilization reduced to its second infancy following worldwide nuclear conflict. It was the recipient of the Nebula Award in 1981 for being an outstanding work of imagination. On the island of England, approximately two and half millennia in the future; small semi-nomadic bands of people and loosely associated families travel among muddy villages fenced in from wild animals that roam the land. Riddley's character is associated with packs of wolves that patrol the wilderness, not only making him an outcast and an adventurer who discovers a powerful secret (Spoiler: The recipe for gunpowder), but it is the wolves who give him safe harbor and aid him in his quest to defeat the tyrannical antagonists of Goodparley and Orfing; characters who exploit others and Riddley's knowledge of gunpowder for their own personal gain.
In many ways, this is probably what Einstein had in mind, the technology of sticks, stones and rudimentary alchemy being the articles of conflict. What is unique about Hoban's style of writing is self evident when held in the eye,11 as he was an author of children's literature for many years before imagining Riddley Walker in Canterbury Cathedral in 1974. The inhabitants of the villages are forcibly employed by the local governing body known as The Ram to excavate and crudely study the smashed machinery left over from our contemporary civilization. The Ram is able to govern the people through the discourse of the puppet show, a mimetic device that authorizes the cultural memory, entertains children, and maintains a hegemonic discourse of power over the enslaved masses from which Riddley Walker, the title character and supposed author of the book, arises. Goodparley and Orfing are government puppeteers who perform for quarter and tribute in the medieval villages. The content of the government authorized puppet show is the Eusa play, a collection of theatrical skits that tell the history of Riddley's world while harboring encoded recipes for advanced weaponry. The character of Lissener is found by Riddley in one of The Ram's prisons, as the young blind boy is part of a subversive collective working to rediscover the technology of a passed civilization. Riddley inherited his literacy from his father who serves as a record keeper and interpreter of the Eusa plays, analogous to the monks who work tirelessly at preserving and translating salvaged texts.
In the wake of his father's death while excavating a mangled chunk of machinery, Riddley must assume the responsibility of cultural interpreter12 not only to the constituents of his village, but also to us, the outside readers and champions of his cause. As in Canticle, these excavators of familiar twentieth century ruins have mythologized our civilization, but do not have any idea what the unifying principle is that enables and enlivens the symbols and artifacts they discover. Riddley discovers that in order to preserve life, he must keep his knowledge a secret while at the same time surviving in a wilderness full of ferocious beasts and cunning people. Inventing an alternate puppet show with some puppets he found while excavating the familiar artifacts of the past, Riddley can preserve the secrets he has uncovered and promote peace and unity through his own theatre. His own puppet show, utilizing the characters of Punch and Judy13, is an attempt to create an antithetical social discourse that rejects the content and message of the Eusa play.
V. Miller and Hoban Compared
Both key sets of players, The Monks of Leibowitz and Riddley Walker, realize in their historical adventures that making choices is not only a matter of every day living, but that the concepts of soul and imagination have the power to influence history in a positive fashion. These characters have a unique sense of the future, and the ideological battles they fight represent their respective hopes for the fate of humankind.
The clashing of these values and the choices that determine the validity of each ideology is the propellant of history and the motivator of these great novelistic plots. The coming together of people to exchange ideas and create a community of discourse is a crucial point of interest for both authors, because rationally, how could a cultural dialectic occur if no people were present to form competitive ideological factions? Virtually all of the important debates about truth and the nature of rationality in Canticle are held within the walls of a monastery. Riddley makes his most startling revelations in the charred ruins of Canterbury Cathedral. Both authors make it clear that without people coming together to argue, debate, or even exchange ideas, no progress whatsoever would be made in these newly developed patches of civilization. The lonely abbey becomes a way station for the exchange of ideas and cultural inquiry. An ancient highway (Route 66?) running through the former desert of Utah is reestablished as a ferociously busy thoroughfare by the conclusion of the novel. These locations of cultural conflict and synthesis tease out the forces that are under scrutiny by the authors. Miller does not seem completely at ease with the concept of the rational mind, identifying it as a key player in the evolution of history.
In the following exchange between Brother Francis and one of his detractors, Brother Jeris, a fellow monk at the abbey who serves as a skeptical nuisance to the faithful Francis, Miller is creating a living dialectic, two competing ideologies personified in each monk. As Francis is illuminating the pre-flame deluge blueprint that he had discovered earlier in "Fiat Homo," Brother Jeris seems to take genuine satisfaction in proving to Francis that although the blueprint may be aesthetically pleasing, he really has no idea what the symbols could possibly mean. This skepticism embodied by Brother Jeris is also the chief quality of Thon Taddeo, who represents in the second book, "Fiat Lux," the scientific mind in its greatest moments of discovery and revelation. Dominic Manganello goes into great detail on how possessing a skeptical rationality is the defining quality of characters like Thon Taddeo, but overlooks this same quality in characters like Brother Jeris.
The dialogue between Francis and Jeris is fraught with the irony that what they are unknowingly discussing is the fastest path to human-made global annihilation, but they must first go through the motions of using dialogue and debate to develop a cultural inquiry that will enable that possible future:
Jeris was becoming pretentious in his sarcasm, Francis thought, and decided to meet it with a soft answer. "Well, observe this column of figures, and its heading: 'Electronic Parts Numbers.' There was once, an art or science, called Electronics, which might belong to both Art and Science.
"Uh huh! Thus settling 'genus' and 'species.' Now as to the 'difference,' if I may pursue the line. What was the subject matter of electronics?"
"That too is written," said Francis, who had searched the Memorabilia from high to low in an attempt to find clues which might make the blueprint slightly more comprehensible, but to very small avail. "The Subject matter of Electronics was the electron," he explained.
"So it is written, indeed. I am impressed. I know so little of these things. What, pray, was the 'electron'?"
"Well, there is one fragmentary source which alludes to it as a "Negative Twist of Nothingness.'"
"What! How did they negate nothingness? Wouldn't that make it a somethingness?"
"Perhaps the negation applies to the 'twist.'"
"Ah! Then we would have an "Untwisted Nothing," eh?
Have you discovered how to untwist nothingness?"
"Not yet," Francis admitted.
"Well keep at it Brother! How clever they must have been, those ancients, to know how to untwist nothing. Keep at it, and you may learn how. Then we'd have the 'electron' in our midst, wouldn't we? Whatever would we do with it? Put it on the altar in the chapel? (Miller 77-78).
Ironically, when the arc lamp is re-invented, Brother Jeris' joking prediction comes true, as the illuminating apparatus replaces a crucifix on the wall of the abbey. This is a dialogue of an empirical nature, both parties realizing the limits of their knowledge in regard to the symbols, but nonetheless striving to make sense of the patterns and designs featured on the tattered document. The methodology of Hegel fills in the gaps if you consider that the argument between the two monks, Francis and Jeris, is part of a much longer dialogue that not only spans the length of the book, but also the entire history of this future civilization. Miller is deft at weaving petty skepticism into synthesis with humanity's cultural capacity for competitive behavior, which for the author culminates in the nuclear arms race, the cold war, and the final war. In Hegelian terms, the process of contrapuntal conjecture that the monks participate in is not featured to simply promote the comedic irony of accidental discoveries. Rather, for both Miller and his philosophical predecessor Hegel, the most subversive and destructive quality of humanity is that of the innate scientific mind which manifests itself in the character of Jeris. The ability to name things accurately is lampooned, as this is the first step by which a concept can enter a cultural discourse. Miller comments in his essay "Logos, Thanatos, Agape" that "This is the hereditary eating of the tree of knowledge of good and evil; learning how to talk and to think in syllogisms…" (Miller, Beyond Armageddon 14)
Continuity of dialectic structures has a major impact on the philosophy of historical causality for Miller, Hegel, and as well as for Hoban. Miller's acidic sense of comedy causes these two monks to inadvertently discuss exactly what the atomic bomb is capable of, literally the "untwisting" of matter. Its analogue can be found in Hoban's Eusa story, wherein the character of Eusa was the mythologized physicist who had enabled nuclear weaponry through scientific and linguistic finesse. In Riddleyspeak, an atom is called "Addom," and the symbol of the "little Shynin man" represents the mass of uranium that can be pulled apart through atomic fission to produce a catastrophic explosion. The little shining man is embodied as the figure of the shattered crucifix. The play on words indicates that even the staid symbols of the Judeo-Christian culture have been modified to suit the linguistic needs of the future. The image of the crucifix, pulled to pieces, is the metaphor through which Riddley can grasp our concept of atomic fission. The pulling apart of the shining man runs parallel to the "untwisting" of matter described by Brother Jeris. The cyclical nature of Hoban's text implies that once the 'Little Shynin Man' is reassembled, the only logical conclusion will be to disassemble him once again, and Riddley is the character and representative power in society that would seek to avoid the reigniting of this particular fate.
"Eusas off then and the Little Shynin Man comes down hes in 2 peaces. He says, "Onlyes way Iwl get to put to gether is when people pul to gether.' (Hoban 58)
The image of the atom and the soul is deftly woven by Hoban in this passage. In both Canticle and Riddley Walker, the development of the bomb is directly tied to conflagrations of pride, which is the greatest sin in the Western Judeo-Christian tradition, both of which generate the respective signifiers of Satan and St. Eustace. Like Riddley Walker, Brother Francis is decoding a text that is reliant upon the reader having a basic knowledge of science and engineering; only both sets of characters live in an age where the discovery of such things is far off in the future. It is this sort of playful exchange between the monks that represents the innate curiosity about the nature of matter and the ungovernable forces of the universe. What is important to note is the structure by which Miller has chosen to construct the scene; he uses actual dialogue to show how these monks are developing a system to rediscover the means their own destruction. The ignorance of their subject matter allows them to continue developing the methods of skeptical discourse without knowing they are programming the culture of the future to have a vested interest in the nature and function of matter.
For the inhabitants of Riddley's world, a symposium14 is the means by which people come together to unravel the nature of matter for malicious purposes. In this passage, Riddley is asking the character of Lissener how he plans to rediscover the methods of physics and chemistry, the pulling together of data becoming the metaphor for scientific discourse:
I said, " 'How dyou do that kind of gathering what youre going to do? Do you all set down and pul datter or dyou jus think to gether or what?
He said, "We do some poasyum." (Hoban 107)
Both authors celebrate the gathering of people to debate and share information, but are acutely aware that such arenas can foster competition among ideological bodies of people, and when the subject of inquiry is weaponry and the suppression of others, the stakes go far beyond these dens of destruction. Perhaps that is why theatres, courts, libraries and symposiums ironically signify the physical locations of dialectic synthesis in the novels. The dialectic is the most effective and transparent means by which one can organize history into a rational evolution of cultural progress. The revelations of scientific and cerebral truths through a process of communal discourse is the soul of cultural progress and the Hegelian dialectic, but to Riddley Walker and The Monks of Leibowitz, realizing that to endure as a species, humility must triumph over pride, and diversions to this struggle can be found in the arts and humanitarian sciences.
Riddley Walker is a young man who is telling this tale in his own unique tongue, relating to the reader the choices he must make when he realizes that technology, when harnessed by the wicked, can easily aid in the suppression of humanity by those in positions of power. Also, through his development of a primitive literacy, "Riddleyspeak," he is able to decode the Eusa play, and discover the objects of power sought for by Lissener, Goodparley, and Orfing. The Eusa play is derived from the pre-atomic war era, and is the substantive oral tradition maintained in this community through the aforementioned puppet shows. Through careful extrapolation, Riddley unlocks the formula for gunpowder from these encoded historical artifacts, the same way Thon Taddeo stands off the shoulders of ancient giants to further his career. The motivator of the antagonistic characters is the lust for the power attained through the development of physics and chemistry, which can enable devices and weapons that can perpetuate the systems of power already in place. Even though Riddley is the one who is able to interpret the Eusa play, he is not interested in using his knowledge for political purposes. The characters of Goodparley and Orfing in Riddley Walker, who embody this lust for power through superior science, are the ideological counterparts to Thon Taddeo.
Thon Taddeo, while making a humanist case for the rediscovery of mechanical society, cannot see the full implications of reestablishing society on a similar track to our own. In his discourse with the monks in the era of "Fiat Lux," he makes it clear that the society and ambitions he represents has already made considerable headway into the natural sciences and other observable physical properties of matter, as the unseen character of Esser Shon has already pioneered the "refrangible properties of light." The turgid scholar soon discovers that without the monks, his discoveries are already old news.(Miller Canticle 212). The monks at the Abbey of Leibowitz, by preserving literacy and rational thought, are kindling a force that will eventually enable minds to build grand engines of death. David Seed holds that Miller's uses of light and dark imagery represent the thematic crux of Canticle, and as the title of part two, "Fiat Lux," lends weight to Seeds argument.I would venture to say that technology and the cultural development of science is even more central to the novel's design and to post-nuclear fiction at large. The relationship between technology and political power not only ties Canticle and Riddley Walker together thematically; it also leads to the pointed criticism of rationality itself.Continued on Next Page »
Asimov, Isaac, Martin H. Greenberg, and Patricia Warrick, Eds. Machines That Think: The Best Science Fiction Stories About Robots and Computers. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984.
A comprehensive anthology of the short stories that specifically deal with the impact that technology and artificial intelligence has had on the development of Science Fiction in the twentieth century. Some of Miller's short stories are reproduced, illustrating the profound affect that artificial intelligence had on the author, predicting for several of the most startling revelations to be found in Canticle. In particular, Miller's short story "I made you" (1953) addresses the relationship between a man and a wayward machine possessing intelligence. Also featured as a companion text to Miller's work is Harlan Ellison's "I Have No Mouth, and I must Scream" (1967)
Bennet, Walker. "The Theme of Responsibility in Miller's A Canticle for Leibowitz." English Journal 51 (April 1970), [484-489]
A short article that examines the importance of morality and choice in Miller's novel, and how that morality is manifest in both religious and secular characters in the course of the story. It does not address "choice" as a possible component of the "dialectic."
Brians, Paul. Nuclear Holocausts: Atomic War in Fiction. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 1987.
Brians maintains that Miller's novel, among others produced in the nuclear age, is a direct action to philosophically address the implications of a nuclear catastrophe in modern culture. The importance of survival, as a historical necessity in prolonging human life following a nuclear catastrophe, adds a unique ecological perspective on the 'arid irradiated desert' in which Miller's future history takes place.
Dowling, David. Fictions of Nuclear Disaster. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1987.
Dowling's book is a survey of modern fiction concerned with nuclear weapons and the effect that such technology may have on the fate of humanity. He gives due credit to the concepts of the 'cyclical' history and artificial intelligence as players upon the modern nuclear stage. Most important is the chapter "Two Exemplary Fictions" in which Canticle and Riddley Walker are discussed as the capstones of the 'post nuclear genre.'
Fried, Lewis. "A Canticle for Leibowitz: A Song for Benjamin." Extrapolation 42, (Winter 2001) Kent State University Press, Ohio [362-373]
An astute treatment of Miller's novel focusing primarily on the religious symbolism and the latent stereotypes of the Semitic characters present therein. Contextualizes Miller's novel as morosely Christian, and only pays lip service to Riddley Walker as an interesting companion text.
Hegel, Georg. The Essential Writings Ed. by Frederick G. Weiss. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1974
This is the best compilation in English of Hegel's theories and methods. This is a crucial text for the understanding of Hegel's role in the discourse of philosophy and the impact that he has had upon the philosophical community at large. Therein, the Phenomenology of the Spirit and Verstand are reproduced, detailing the philosophical constructs of the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis that make up the process of the historical dialectic. Also included is a treatise "With What Must Science Begin?" that takes into account rational and spiritual conventions as competing ideologies within historical dialectic of humanity.
Hoban, Russell. Riddley Walker 1980 Rpt. First Indiana University Press Ed. 1998
Herbert, Gary B. "The Hegelian 'Bad Infinite' in Walter Miller's A Canticle for Leibowitz." Extrapolation: 31 (Summer 1990), [160-169]
Herbert's essay finds many examples of competing ideologies within Canticle that 'define' as much as they disdain one another in the process of the dialectic. Herbert's focus is mostly on the possible negative results of the dialectic ('Bad Infinite') rather than on the examination of the dialectical process itself.
Manganello, Dominic. "History as Judgment and Promise in A Canticle for Leibowitz." Science Fiction Studies 13 (1986), [159-169]
An excellent article that shows how Canticle can be considered a literal history of the future, and how over time a cultural memory has the ability to misappropriate symbols and skew historical dialogues. He illustrates how 'logos' is literally up for grabs when spread over several generations of thought and cultural revolution, citing Miller's Thon Taddeo as the principal player in the historical process of Canticle.
Miller, Walter Jr. A Canticle for Leibowitz. 1959, Rpt. New York: Doubleday, 1997
Miller, Walter Jr. and Martin Greenberg Eds. Beyond Armageddon Copyright Walter
Miller and Martin Greenberg 1985 New York: Primus Press
A thrilling anthology of post-apocalyptic short stories edited and introduced by Walter Miller. Harlan Ellison's "A Boy and His Dog" is featured and praised by Miller. In the introduction, Miller takes ample space explaining his disgust with the modern nuclear nation, how language barriers only exasperate political tension, and how art is an important diversion to hawkish politics.
Mullen, R.D. "Dialect, Grapholect, and Story: Russell Hoban's Riddley Walker as Science Fiction." Science Fiction Studies 27 (November 2000) [381-417]
An extensive exploration of "Riddleyspeak' and the linguistic trends that unify the language employed in the novel. Also highlights contrasting points of view from other science fiction authors (notably Norman Spinrad who wrote an introduction to Canticle in one of its reprints) Extremely useful in decoding Riddleyspeak, as well as in showing how language is the signifying article of the ongoing historical process.
Mustazza, Leonard. "Myth and History in Russell Hoban's Riddley Walker" Studies in
Contemporary Fiction 31 (Fall 1989), [17-26]
Mustazza expertly illustrates the importance of myth in its relation to history within cultures that are primarily oral in the transmission of cultural information, specifically citing Mircea Eliade's construction of myth. Mustazza also shows how Riddley's creation of his own identity through the act of writing, and his decoding of the Eusa myth, illustrates a metamorphosis from an oral culture to a text based culture.
Percy, Walker. "Walker Percy on Walter M Miller Jr's A Canticle for Leibowitz." Rediscoveries, ed. David Madden. New York: Crown, 1971, [262-269]
Percy explores the nature of symbols and the importance that they have to the development of Miller's plot. Also illustrates that because Miller's novel is a collection of symbols and themes (a novel per se), the text becomes self reflexive with the knowledge that all texts and symbols are transient and open to interpretation.
Porter, Jeffrey. "'Three Quarks for Muster Mark:' Quantum Wordplay and Nuclear Discourse in Russell Hoban's Riddley Walker." Contemporary Literature 31 1990 [448-69]
Porter contextualizes the importance of nuclear technology and atomic theory within Hoban's novel and modern examples of literature at large. Also, he keenly illustrates how 'dialect' (not the Hegelian dialectic) is a natural process by which language evolves through the development of 'anti-languages.' Also, shows how the preservation of texts and the evolution of language in history thematically unite Miller and Hoban as artists.
Rank, Hugh. "Song out of Season: A Canticle for Leibowitz." Renascence 21 Summer 1969 [313-321]
One of the earliest critical evaluations of Miller's novel; explaining the importance and groundbreaking nature of Miller's work, identifying cyclical themes, the importance of a historical consciousness, and the comedic nature of the monks who toil in service to their Christian idealism.
Seed, David. "H.G. Wells and the Liberating Atom" Science Fiction Studies 30 (March, 2003), [33-48]
Along with Warrick's historical analysis, this article best situates any reader of texts that deal specifically with nuclear weaponry and its associated catastrophes. Specifically outlines how much of the fiction produced after World War II that deals with nuclear war is constructed in the form of 'future histories.' Seed outlines the philosophical implications that arise from man's ability to master the atom, and the effect that this power has had on twentieth century thought, citing many examples in contemporary science fiction.
Seed, David. "Recycling Texts of the Culture: Walter M. Miller's A Canticle for Leibowitz." Extrapolation 37 (Fall 1996), [257-271]
This article best articulates the roles that texts and language play in the context of Miller's novel, by showing that without the 'memorabilia' the course of history for this futuristic world would have been very different. Also includes a thorough examination of short stories by Miller ("Dumb Waiter," among others) that illustrate the popular and recurrent themes of his work: the future of humanity, the soul, and the technology that enables the future and the presence of history.
Senior, W.A. "From Begetting of Monsters: Distortion as Unifier in A Canticle for Leibowitz." Extrapolation 34 (1993) [329-339]
An excellent article that illustrates the innate tension and 'distortion' that arises out of dialogue and linguistic exchange. Most importantly, Senior finds many examples of how misappropriated symbols can have disastrous effects when employed out of context, such as Benjamin's strange glyphs on the arch-stone and Thon Taddeo's disgust with his inability to fully decode some of the memorabilia.
Spector, Judith A. "Walter Miller's "A Canticle for Leibowitz:"A parable of our time?" Midwest Quarterly 22 (1981), [337-345]
A short article that examines how stories set in the future can be used as parodies of our own times. Specifically addresses the folly of nuclear armaments in general, and how Miller's novel unabashedly attacks the culturally embedded arguments in man's soul that leads to the development of nuclear weapons.
Sontag, Susan. "The Imagination of Disaster" in Against Interpretation. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1966.
A very useful article when reading any work in which world wide destruction is the subject matter. Contextualizes the profound impact that violence can have upon artists and the communities in which they live and work. Although not quoted directly, this book is an essential resource for understanding many of the literary methods utilized in describing massive deaths and catastrophic destruction.
Stapledon, Olaf. Last and First Men 1930 Rpt. Dover Publications 2008
Stapledon, Olaf. Philosophy and Living, Vol. 2. London: Penguin, 1939 [304-307]
Explicitly illustrates the importance of the Hegelian dialectic to not only Stapledon as an author and philosopher, but also to writers of cyclical histories in general, as it is widely considered that Stapledon was immensely influential on the entire canon of Science Fiction in the twentieth century. This book serves as the crucial hinge between Hegel's philosophy of history and the literary experiments in cyclical dialectic histories undertaken by Hoban and Miller.
Wagar, Warren W. Terminal Visions: The Literature of Last Things. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.
Wagar's book is an insightful study that contextualizes and explains many of the popular conventions of apocalyptic literature.
Warrick, Patricia S. The Cybernetic Imagination in Science Fiction 1974 Rpt. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge MA 1980
Aside from Hegel and Stapledon, Warrick's book is probably the most important critical work for illustrating the historical relevance of nuclear technology, the impact that artificial intelligence has had on the Science Fiction community, and accurately predicting many of the themes and literary constructions found in both Canticle and Riddley Walker; even though neither of the two novels receive mention in the work.
1.) Inspectah Deck is the nom de plume of Staten Island's Jason Hunter. His lyrical content on the song "Triumph," which addresses the importance of song in apocalyptic times, has helped to propel the album Wu-Tang Forever (RCA/Loud 1997) to the highest realms of contemporary cultural status, selling over half a million copies in its first week of release.
2.) Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Atomic Bomb (1964 Columbia Pictures), based on the novel Red Alert by Peter George, is widely considered to be one of the darkest satirical reflections of Cold War politics and warfare.
3.) The largest storehouse of radioactive waste in the terrestrial western hemisphere: Hanford, Washington.
4.) Hegel and nearly the entire canon of Western philosophy universally define this as the ability to make rational decisions based on empirically/phenomenologically derived data from the mind/senses. When something as catastrophic as the total extinction can be made with a "rational decision," this faculty of the mind has come under attack by artists, scientists and those associated with politics and religion fervently since the dawn of atomic warfare in the twentieth century.
5.) Georg Hegel (1770-1831) was a German philosopher who was profoundly affected by the French Revolution and the extraordinary figure of Napoleon. His major work The Phenomenology of the Spirit (1807)established him as one of the most important philosophers of the European enlightenment. Therein, the concept and method of the dialectic was originated, outlining the concepts of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis as the basic modes in which competing historical ideologies assumed mastery over one another through the processes of social and political discourse.
6.) "Understanding" A corollary section of Hegel's Phenomenology of the Spirit, in which the basic tenets of the historical dialectic are imagined and discussed: the apprehension of concepts and the naming thereof as the first crucial step in the process of forming dialectical ideologies that will ultimately be subverted or consumed in the course of history. Hegel and Miller both allude to the story of Genesis, where the serpent promises the knowledge to differentiate between "good" and "evil" to Eve and society.
7.) "Short lyrical song or melody"
8.) The year in which "Fiat Homo" occurs is supposedly the "Year of Our Lord 3174," which would be the approximate equivalent of our own 1215, the immanence of nuclear war provoking Miller to subtract the 1959 years of civilization that had passed since the first beginning of Western.society. The Year 1215 is a watershed year in Western civilization, not just for the historical artifacts such as Magna Carta, but also what it represents to Miller as a reflection of human history: a time when the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to establish itself, when war, disease and superstition are rampant, and the first lights of the modern rational mind are beginning to twinkle in the arts, sciences and humanities for the first time in the West since the fall of the Roman empire. For Miller, this is where Canticle really begins.
9.) Through the rediscovery and innovation upon the classical humanist arts of Rome and Greece, these three luminaries established the enlightened Western mind and scientific discourses which enabled the development of modern civilization.
10.) Three of the most distinguished atomic scientists of the modern nuclear age, whose united work and distinguished research created the first atomic bombs sewn into the political and social fabric of history. Texts bearing their names, among other scientists, are discovered by Thon Taddeo while rifling through the library of preserved pre-holocaust texts.
11.) See R.D. Mullen's article "Dialect, Grapholect…" for a comprehensive analysis of "Riddleyspeak."
12.) Riddleyspeak: "connexion man" (Hoban 53).
13.) Not only is the theatre box one of the oldest forms of entertainment in Western culture, the characters of Punch and Judy show are one of the few puppet shows that have attained celebrity status through centuries of performance in both Europe and America. See Illustration 1 "Punch" (Doherty 2009).
14.) Riddleyspeak: "some poasyum" (Hoban Glossary)
15.) Apart: Sex is moot point in both novels, as Riddley is twelve years old, and the cloistered halls of Leibowitz do not feature any women as protagonist characters. When mentioned at all, conjugation is only featured as a passing reference to motherhood or as a functional component of survival.
16.) The reason for Benjamin's longevity is never fully revealed by Miller, but Lewis Fried contends that Benjamin is a reflection of the archetypical wandering Jew, commonly found in many thematically religious texts that deal with the Diaspora and its related literature. The Poet muses in "Fiat Lux" that perhaps the consumption of an irradiated blue headed goat's milk is the secret to eternal life.
17.) Heat Death: An era in the projected history of the universe in which all of the stored fuels and energies found in stars, and other natural phenomenon of the cosmos, achieve equilibrium and no kinetic forces are at work to continue the expansion and modulation of space. The essential feature of Hegelian synthesis is reaching an equilibrium or compromise among competing forces or ideologies.
18.) Lat. "Thinking Machine"
19.) "Sulfur," which is known as "yellow stoans" in the world of Riddley Walker is the volatile element which has a sickly yellow pallor and scent, is one of the three essential ingredients of gunpowder. The "1 Big 1" or "atom bomb," is the abstract goal of he characters in Riddley Walker that seek power. (Hoban, Riddley Walker, included glossary in Kent State Edition.)
20.) "Fiat Voluntas Tua"
21.) The mysterious hypothetical origin of the universe, in which all of the matter found in the cosmos was suddenly created and sown outwards into space-time.
22.) See Illustration 2 "The Arch of Brother Francis" Doherty 2009
23.) "Dog Eat Dog"
24.) The Terminator, (1984 Orion Pictures), Terminator II: Judgment Day (1991 Metro-Goldwyn Mayer), and Terminator III: Rise of the Machines (2003 Warner Bros.)Dir. James Cameron, Jonathon Mostow
25.) The Watchmen (2009 Fox/Warner Brothers Pictures and Distribution) directed by Zack Snyder, based on the original graphic novel The Watchmen by Alan Moore and David Gibbons, DC Comics 1987
26.) Jemaine Clement and Bret McKenzie, "The Humans are Dead," featured on The Flight of the Conchords' The Distant Future (Sub Pop 2007) Best viewed at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGoi1MSGu64
Save Citation » (Works with EndNote, ProCite, & Reference Manager)
APA 6th
Doherty, T. J. (2009). "Future Hell: Nuclear Fiction in Pursuit of History." Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, 1(11). Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=43
Doherty, Trevor J. "Future Hell: Nuclear Fiction in Pursuit of History." Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 1.11 (2009). <http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=43>
Chicago 16th
Doherty, Trevor J. 2009. Future Hell: Nuclear Fiction in Pursuit of History. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 1 (11), http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=43
DOHERTY, T. J. 2009. Future Hell: Nuclear Fiction in Pursuit of History. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse [Online], 1. Available: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=43
Trevor J. Doherty graduated in 2009 with a concentration in English from University of Massachusetts in Boston, MA.
Keywords:Science Fiction Weird Fiction Nuclear Power Nuclear War Hegel Dialectic Apocalypse Artificial Intelligence
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text:
Changing into the First Filipino to Commute the International at Age 77
How a 77 12 months outdated turned into the primary Filipino to commute the arena?
On the age of 77, Odette Aquitania Ricasa turned into the primary Filipino so to commute to all 195 nations on the planet, 193 of which can be identified via the United Countries, whilst the opposite 2 are non-members: the Holy sea and the State of Palestine.
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Ms. Ricasa when she arrived in Iraq. Picture from her Fb account.
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Memorable Commute Reports
Ms. Ricasa has two passports – the Philippines and the USA. She basically makes use of her US Passport, however she discussed that during some instances, the use of her Philippines passport is perfect.
Such a instances goes to Africa. Each US and Philippines passport holders desire a visa in an effort to commute to this continent, however the use of her US passport calls for extra paperwork than the use of her Philippine passport.
When requested what have been a few of her unforgettable stories in her greater than 40 years of touring, she mentioned there have been so much, however her talk over with to Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo, each African nations, are unforgettable. The mentioned nations don't seem to be in style locations for vacationers, and throughout her talk over with, she used to be on my own. However because the announcing is going, 'You will have to do the object which you assume you can't do.' And he or she did; she conquered Africa and the remainder of the arena!
She additionally discussed that after they arrived in Libya simply this 12 months, they felt like they have been VIPs as there used to be numerous safety escorting them. However this sort of distinctive enjoy is what motivates her to commute extra.
In her 4 many years of touring, 80% of the ones is her touring on my own, whilst the remaining 20% is a bunch excursion (which she joined when she used to be only a amateur within the commute global)—speaking about bravery, interest, and exuberance!
Extra Achievements
Ms. Ricasa is certainly commute knowledgeable as she may be a member of the Vacationers' Century Membership, A membership that handiest lets in the ones individuals who had been to 100 or extra nations!
Philippine International Explorers Meet Up in Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Additionally, she's additionally an energetic member of the Philippine International Explorers commute group, and she or he heads the USA West Coast bankruptcy, doing this whilst touring.
Except for being a traveler and the primary Filipino to commute the arena, she may be an writer of 6 books, an artist, a motivational speaker, and a pianist.
She discussed that having her e book used to be in reality now not her thought. It used to be early 2000, and she or he used to be in Spain writing her commute stories in her magazine – "With all of the nations and towns I've been to, it's unattainable for me to keep in mind them, that's why I write them in my magazine.", non-verbatim commentary of Ms. Ricasa.
Her pal, who used to be along with her at the moment, instructed her, "Why don't you write a e book as an alternative?" That commentary gave her the theory to put in writing a commute e book and proportion her stories at the highway. Her books are all to be had on Amazon.
Ms. Odette Aquitania Ricasa's commute enjoy is without doubt one of the inspiration of many vacationers, now not handiest Filipinos, however foreigners as smartly.
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text:
HomeBlogPress<span class="dojodigital_toggl...
Theatre Mirror
"Strong acting prowess"
"Evan Gambardella plays the lead role of the Balladeer and Lee Harvey Oswald. As the Balladeer, he comments on the events as they are happening and uses his strong high tenor voice in his many songs including 'The Ballad of Booth', 'I Saved Roosevelt', 'The Ballad of Czolgosz', 'The Ballad of Guiteau' and 'Another National Anthem.' Evan as Oswald is unsure of what to do at first but the other assassins convince him to kill John Kennedy and the show takes a frightening turn. The Oswald and Booth dramatic scene is fantastic…The dramatic scene with Evan displays their strong acting prowess in these roles." For the full review, click here.
On Boston Stages
Copyright © 2019 By Phlox. All Rights Reserved.


The misuse of alcohol and drugs is a major topic in our society. With the rise in addiction cases, demand for substance abuse counsellors has grown. The role offers a serious challenge where the rewards are priceless and make a world of difference to many people. Do you have what it takes to counsel those with addiction? If so, our Drug and Alcohol Counselling course teaches the initial skills required for a career in the field.
During the course, you'll learn about addiction, dependency, and the recovery process. As a counsellor, the aim is to help people to think positively, live healthier lifestyles, and work independently. This usually requires sitting down with them, either one-on-one or in group sessions, to help them through their problems. To do this, we'll teach you the foundations of relevant models that relate to substance misuse and varying types of addictive substances people use. In addition, You'll also develop skills that enable you to engage in purposeful mentoring and relationship building. Our course is perfect for those looking to move into further education.
Tear down the barriers with our Level 3 Drug and Alcohol Counselling course!
Equip yourself with the skills to mentor people with dependence on drugs and alcohol.
As a drug or alcohol counsellor, you would need to be calm and caring, and able to build trust with vulnerable people. If you think you could make a difference to people with substance misuse issues, our course is for you.
Tear down the barriers and equip yourself with the skills to mentor people with dependence on drugs and alcohol.
Up to 120 hours which is under 40 minutes per day for 6 months. However, additional hours may be required for reading writing and research.
Learn about preventative mechanisms used to help people with substance misuse problems, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
Functional analysis of behaviour prior to substance misuse looking at five key areas.
An in-depth exploration into the history, models, and aspects of drug addiction and counselling. Not a requirement for the course, but this further reading with greatly help when it comes to answering your assignment questions, as well as improve your knowledge of the field.
Hoping to further my career with this course, hopefully will pass and go onto the next level.
As I work with addicts of all ages this course has really refreshed my knowledge, it has been great, refreshing and useful to me. I have also enrolled onto the counselling diploma and got a returning student discount. Really glad I found you!
This course has helped me so much in my volunteer work with young addicts. Set out well, support always available.


text:
Fenton Williams  is  a production designer and video director. He has worked with Dave Matthews Band since 1991. He began as their road manager and has served as Dave Matthews Band's lighting designer and video director for the last 20 years. He has also worked with acts such as John Mayer, Eric Clapton, and Liza Minnelli and events such as Bonnaroo Music Festival, Z100's Jingle Ball & Nashville Rising.

Other than his work with Dave Matthews Band, Williams worked with Tim McGraw as the set and lighting designer for McGraw's 2010 Southern Voice Tour, 2011 Emotional Traffic Tour, & the Zac Brown Band with his company Filament Productions. In 2004, Williams filled in for Phish's lighting director, Chris Kuroda, for their 3-day gig in Las Vegas. In 2005, Williams founded Filament Productions, a touring video company, based in Charlottesville, VA. In addition to producing the set and lighting design for Tim McGraw's 2010 Southern Voice Tour, Filament Productions is also in charge of the video direction and production design. Williams has also directed many live concert DVDs and Music Videos.

Credits

All tours took place in North America unless otherwise noted.

References

External links
Filament Productions
Filament Productions Official Twitter
Dave Matthews Band Official Website
Ants Marching - DMB Fan Website

American lighting designers
Living people
People from Charlottesville, Virginia
Dave Matthews Band
American music video directors
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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« Yours truly cited re validity of disgorgement as relief in cases brought by the SEC | Main | Articles and presentations by yours truly on reforming the SEC shareholder proposal rule (Rule 14a-8) »
Wachtell, Lipton's False Gospel of the Law of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Reasoning Behind It
A new Harvard post by famed lawyer Martin Lipton, founding partner of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, and fellow WLRK partner William Savitt contains an astonishing number of erroneous statements about the purpose of the corporation.To wit:
Nor does any rule of law mandate director obeisance to the ideology of share-price maximization. No statute anywhere enshrines or even endorses the objective of share-price maximization. Nor does case law require directors to manage the ongoing business and affairs of the corporation with the paramount goal of maximizing share price. Directors may be obligated to seek the highest price in the context of a corporate auction, and the market's perception of a corporation's future prospects, as reflected in the stock price, is no doubt a relevant factor in deciding how to manage the company to maximize its potential. But not even the most aggressive reading of precedent identifies share-price maximization as the polestar of director decision-making.
What part of Dodge v. Ford Motor Co. do Lipton and Savitt fail to understand:
There should be no confusion (of which there is evidence) of the duties which Mr. Ford conceives that he and the stockholders owe to the general public and the duties which in law he and his codirectors owe to protesting, minority stockholders. A business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The powers of the directors are to be employed for that end. The discretion of directors is to be exercised in the choice of means to attain that end, and does not extend to a change in the end itself, to the reduction of profits, or to the nondistribution of profits among stockholders in order to devote them to other purposes. [Dodge v. Ford Motor Co., 170 N.W. 668, 684 (Mich. 1919).]
Or eBay?
The corporate form in which craigslist operates, however, is not an appropriate vehicle for purely philanthropic ends, at least not when there are other stockholders interested in realizing a return on their investment. Jim and Craig opted to form craigslist, Inc. as a for-profit Delaware corporation and voluntarily accepted millions of dollars from eBay as part of a transaction whereby eBay became a stockholder. Having chosen a for-profit corporate form, the craigslist directors are bound by the fiduciary duties and standards that accompany that form. Those standards include acting to promote the value of the corporation for the benefit of its stockholders. The "Inc." after the company name has to mean at least that. [eBay Dom. Holdings, Inc. v. Newmark, 16 A.3d 1, 34 (Del. Ch. 2010).]
To be sure, those cases do not require short-term profit maximization at the expense of the long-term health of the business, but neither do they contemplate what Lipton and Savitt call "a cooperative exercise among a corporation's shareholders, directors, managers, employees, business partners, and the communities in which the corporation operates."
Lipton and Savitt might try to explain these cases and their ilk away. Many lawyers and scholars have tried to do that before. And they were all wrong. That's not just my opinion, it's also the opinion Delaware Chief Justice Leo Strine:
... advocates for corporate social responsibility pretend that directors do not have to make stockholder welfare the sole end of corporate governance, within the limits of their legal discretion, under the law of the most important American jurisdiction--Delaware. [Leo E. Strine, Jr., The Dangers of Denial: The Need for A Clear-Eyed Understanding of the Power and Accountability Structure Established by the Delaware General Corporation Law, 50 Wake Forest L. Rev. 761 (2015).]
Let's just pause a moment to savor that word: "pretend," How wonderfully well put.
And, as Strine pointed out, he is not alone in so reading the case law:
[T]he finest corporate law judge of his era--and arguably the finest overall trial judge of his era--Chancellor William T. Allen ... dilated on the two major traditions in American corporate law. In that essay, Chancellor Allen gave his own reading of Dodge v. Ford Motor Co., where the Michigan Supreme Court observed that "[a] business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The powers of the directors are to be employed for that end." He explained:
Dodge v. Ford . . . reflects as pure an example as exists of the property conception of the corporation. In this conception, the corporation is seen as it is in its nineteenth century roots, as essentially a sort of limited liability partnership. The rights of creditors, employees and others are strictly limited to statutory, contractual, and common law rights. Once the directors have satisfied those legal obligations, they have fully satisfied all claims of these "constituencies." This property view of the nature of corporations, and of the duties owed by directors, equates the duty of directors with the duty to maximize profits of the firm for the benefit of shareholders.
In another article reflecting on his judicial career, Chancellor Allen indicated that he understood Delaware law as requiring directors, when they are not subject to the duty to maximize current stock value as in Revlon, to maximize the value for (hypothetical) stockholders who have entrusted their capital to the firm indefinitely.
In order for their argument to work, Lipton and Savitt therefore must join hands with what Strine called "forms of legal thought tied to deconstructionist linguistics and philosophy, such as critical legal studies," which "are premised on the idea that authors themselves can never understand what they intend to say or are in fact saying."
Basically, to paraphrase Strine, Lipton and Savitt are accusing Strine and other "accomplished jurists such as Chancellor Chandler, Chancellor Allen, and Justice Moore" with not understanding what they wrote, even though they wrote those opinions in high-profiles context and even though those jurists underscored their understanding of the importance of the subject matter they were addressing.
I think I understand why Lipton and Savitt are spewing the nonsense. First, I'm guessing they're assuming Elizabeth Warren will be the next President and they're trying to give their clients an argument against government-mandated corporate social responsibility. Why do I say that? How else would you explain this comment in their post?
We are deeply skeptical that mandatory corporate governance regulation is the solution.
Second, just as Lipton spent the 1980s defending corporate managers from corporate raiders during the heyday of the hostile takeover, he has spent much of recent years defending today's managers against activist hedge funds. Hence, he and Savitt justify their approach as being necessary to "curtail, if not eliminate, short-termism and to combat activist pressure for financial engineering focused on short-term gain."
I am not unsympathetic to both concerns. But that doesn't justify pretending that the law is other than what it actually is.
Posted at 05:20 PM in Corporate Law, Corporate Social Responsibility | Permalink


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Independent curator, Susan Gibb, Associate Curator with the organisation If I Can't Dance, I Don't Want To Be Part Of Your Revolution in Amsterdam, introduces the film, Bete & Deise (2011), by Dutch artist Wendelien van Oldenborgh. The film is 40 minutes in length.
Film still from Bete & Deise (2011), by Wendelien van Oldenborgh.
About Wendelien van Oldenborgh
Wendelien van Oldenborgh has recently been awarded the 2014 Heineken Prize for Art, the Netherlands' wealthiest art prize. She is based in Rotterdam and her practice explores social relations through an investigation of gesture in the public sphere. She often uses the format of a public film shoot, collaborating with participants in different scenarios, to co-produce a script and orientate the work towards its final outcome, which can be film, or other forms of projection. Tackling social themes, her multi-level projects juxtapose voices, spaces and relationships to re-constitute the invisible and sometimes confusing subtext of our mediatised reality.
Van Oldenborgh studied at Goldsmiths College, London, and Beaux Arts, Paris, and her extensive exhibition history includes the 54th Venice Biennale (2011) and the 4th Moscow Biennale (2011). She will shortly be exhibiting at Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven (2014); in the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, Kerala (2014); and at the Collective Gallery, Edinburgh (2015). She also teaches at the Dutch Art Institute/ArtEZ, Arnhem, and at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague.
About Bete & Deise
Wendelien van Oldenborgh's film, Bete & Deise (2012) stages an encounter between two women in Rio de Janeiro - Bete Mendes and Deise Tigrona. These women have – in their own way – given meaning to the idea of a public voice. Bete Mendes (1949) has maintained a political career while acting in popular telenovela roles since the 1960s. Deise Tigrona (1979) is a Baile funk singer who rose to international acclaim before stepping back in recent years due to the pressures of combining her music career with her family life in the impoverished community of Cidade de Deus. Together these women talk about their experience with performance and their position in the public sphere, allowing the contradictions they carry to surface. Bete & Deise is the final work in a trilogy of works by van Oldenborgh stemming from her research into the shift towards affective labour in which elements of performance are increasingly incorporated into contemporary labour conditions.
Bete & Deise is commissioned by If I Can't Dance, I Don't Want To Be Part Of Your Revolution, Amsterdam, and is financially supported by the Netherlands Foundation for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture and Wilfried Lentz Gallery, Rotterdam. With thanks to Capacete Entretenimentos, Rio de Janeiro, and WORM, Rotterdam.


text:
@protocol FileSettingsSource
- (NSString *) interpreter;
- (BOOL) honourhashbang;
- (BOOL) debug;
- (BOOL) verbose;
- (BOOL) inspect;
- (BOOL) optimize;
- (BOOL) nosite;
- (BOOL) tabs;
- (NSString *) others;
- (BOOL) with_terminal;
- (NSString *) scriptargs;
@end

@interface FileSettings : NSObject <FileSettingsSource>
{
    NSString *interpreter;      // The pathname of the interpreter to use
    NSArray *interpreters;      // List of known interpreters
    BOOL honourhashbang;        // #! line overrides interpreter
    BOOL debug;                 // -d option: debug parser
    BOOL verbose;               // -v option: verbose import
    BOOL inspect;               // -i option: interactive mode after script
    BOOL optimize;              // -O option: optimize bytecode
    BOOL nosite;                // -S option: don't import site.py
    BOOL tabs;                  // -t option: warn about inconsistent tabs
    NSString *others;           // other options
    NSString *scriptargs;       // script arguments (not for preferences)
    BOOL with_terminal;         // Run in terminal window

    FileSettings *origsource;
    NSString *prefskey;
}

+ (id)getDefaultsForFileType: (NSString *)filetype;
+ (id)getFactorySettingsForFileType: (NSString *)filetype;
+ (id)newSettingsForFileType: (NSString *)filetype;

- (id)initForFileType: (NSString *)filetype;
- (id)initForFSDefaultFileType: (NSString *)filetype;
- (id)initForDefaultFileType: (NSString *)filetype;

- (void)updateFromSource: (id <FileSettingsSource>)source;
- (NSString *)commandLineForScript: (NSString *)script;

- (void)applyValuesFromDict: (NSDictionary *)dict;
- (void)reset;
- (NSArray *) interpreters;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As the season in France enters the home stretch with only four games left, there are a couple of surprising statistical leaders and one more than surprising development. The La Courneuve Flash from Paris remain undefeated with a perfect 5-0 record and yet they do not have a single player in the top 5 of any offensive category.
The Thonon Black Panthers, although second, have racked up an impressive 259 points in six games behind a powerful ground game. The Aix-en-Provence Argonautes have been impossible to predict after opening the season by handing the Black Panthers their only loss so far. Quarterback Jimmie Russell is among the league leaders in rushing along with teammate Cody Acker though which makes them always dangerous. The defending champion St Ouen l'Aumône Cougars have clawed their way back into playoff contention after suffering through a dismal stretch in March losing back to back games. Their offensive firepower has been on display with quarterback De'Auntre Smiley at the helm.
St. Ouen Cougars quarterback De'Auntre Smiley has really picked up his game and helped engineer 62 points in the Cougars' latest win over the Rouen Leopards overtaking them in the standings in the process. His 1,796 yards passing and 137.74 QB rating is by far the best in France. Rouen Leopards QB Connor Reilly is one of the reasons Rouen is challenging for a playoff berth in their first year in France's top division. He has thrown for 1,720 yards and a league leading 18 touchdowns. Moses Skillon with his 1,105 yards for the seventh place Bron-Villeurbanne Falcons and Jeremy Duponchelle of the last place La Queue-en-Brie Gladiateurs are in third and fourth. Meanwhile, Thonon Black Panthers signal caller Sam Poulos is a distant fifth on the list with 591 yards passing, on a team with the league's leading rusher.
St. Ouen Cougars wide receiver David Rosette leads the French league in receiving yardage with 455 which should come as no surprise given how well his quarterback De'Auntre Smiley has been throwing the ball. But what is surprising is that no other Cougars receiver is in the top 5. Smiley has in fact completed passes to 13 different receivers in 2017 which would be almost a record in any league. The other surprise is that Rouen Leopards receivers occupy the next three spots with Nicolas Cremer leading the way with 399 yards receiving and three touchdowns. He is followed by Oktay Tulan with 382 yards and Romain David who has 372 yards and eight touchdowns.
The Thonon Black Panthers are the runaway offensive leaders in France in 2017 and the offense, behind the running of the league's top rusher Andreas Betza, has put up 259 points in six games. Betza has been a key rushing for 835 yards and 15 touchdowns, or 140 yards and 2.5 touchdowns per game. The 2016 rushing leader, Rondell White of the Nice Dauphins is a solid second place on the rushing list with his 533 yards. Another Black Panther, Stephen Yepmo who is a former rushing leader himself (2015) has rushed for 381 yards and six touchdowns. The third place Aix-en-Provence Argonautes boast two rushers in the top 5 in Cody Acker (365) and quarterback Jimmie Russell who has rushed for 355 yards and seven touchdowns.


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The 2020 Screen Actors Guild Awards are here! Airing tonight at 8 p.m. ET on TNT and TBS. Leading the film nominations are Bombshell,...
The wait is finally over! Fans have been anxiously awaiting for details on Chris Evans' newest project, the limited drama series headed to AppleTV+...
Anyone lucky enough to catch Josh Thomas' first comedy series Please Like Me knows that the Australian comedian has a knack for finding...
Nerds and Beyond had the opportunity to speak to Emmy Award-winning executive producer, director, and writer J.J. Johnson about the new series Endlings, the...
Author: Percy
A person running on Louden Swain and caffeine. My personal favorite people include Michael Borja, Rob Benedict, Richard Speight Jr., Billy Moran, Stephen Norton, Jason Manns, Hayden Lee, Briana Buckmaster, and many more. I use they/them pronouns.
Happy Birthday, Michael Borja!
LOUDEN SWAIN / MUSIC
In honor of his birthday, we asked readers to share their favorite thing about everyone's favorite robot bass player and many were eager to...
Tickets on sale NOW: Jason Manns, Briana Buckmaster, Billy Moran, and Paul Carella at The Fire July 22
BRIANA BUCKMASTER / JASON MANNS / MUSIC / PAUL CARELLA
Jason Manns, Briana Buckmaster, Billy Moran, and Paul Carella will be performing at The Fire in Philadelphia, PA on July 22. General Admission tickets...
INTERVIEW: Brad Jones, a.k.a. The Cinema Snob, Discusses His Channel
INTERVIEWS / YOUTUBE
Brad Jones has been playing the character of The Cinema Snob on YouTube for years. Posing as this haughty and downright, and well, snobby,...
Dungeons & Dragons Announces 'D&D Live 2019: The Descent'
Calling all Dungeons & Dragons fans! D&D Live 2019: The Descent will be a celebration of the Dungeons & Dragons community as they gather...
How 'Charisma Saves' Made Me Fall in Love with Dungeons & Dragons
GAMES / YOUTUBE
The party is preparing for battle. There's Elenya, a strong, determined young woman who cares deeply for her friends and protects them at all...
Exclusive Interview: Michael Borja Talks Instruments, Musical Influences, Games and More!
INTERVIEWS / LOUDEN SWAIN / MUSIC
We are bringing you a great interview today with Michael Borja! If you don't know Michael Borja, he's a musician and member of the...
Louden Swain's Michael Borja to Shave His Head for St. Baldrick's
Louden Swain Bassist Michael Borja has just announced on Twitter that he will be shaving his head prior to the Saturday Night Special at...
A Thank You to 'Supernatural' as Show Announces Final Season
BRIANA BUCKMASTER / GIL MCKINNEY / JASON MANNS / LOUDEN SWAIN / ROB BENEDICT / SUPERNATURAL / TELEVISION
Yesterday, Jensen Ackles, Jared Padalecki and Misha Collins took to Twitter to announce that next season, Season 15 of Supernatural would indeed be the...
Jason Manns and Paul Carella StageIt Live from Germany
JASON MANNS / MUSIC
Jason Manns and Paul Carella recently wrapped up a UK tour, and now they are headed to Germany! You can tune in to their...
'Driven' Screening in Tupelo March 15
DRIVEN / MOVIES
'Driven' starring Richard Speight, Jr. is holding a screening in Tupelo, Mississippi! Tupelo is where the movie was filmed. The screening will take place...


text:
Q: KAA ESP8266 Queries I compiled configuration demo for ESP8266 by using Xtensa-lx106 GNU
file demo_client
demo_client: ELF 32-bit LSB  executable, Tensilica Xtensa, version 1 (SYSV), corrupted program header size, not stripped
Could you please tell me, how can i flash this application to ESP8266 by using espytoo.py and how to test it.
I also not able to get GPIO ESP8266 controll application in my sandbox image.
Could you please tell me how can i test gpio control application with nodemcu esp8266 and android app.
Thanks
Rurban

A: To create a binary from the ELF file:
esptool.py elf2image demo_client

After this, to flash the board with the application:
sudo esptool.py write_flash 0x00000 demo_client-0x00000.bin 0x40000 demo_client-0x40000.bin

If necessary, you can specify the serial port with --port argument.
Regarding GPIO demo for ESP8266, here is an example of GPIO slave application that works with Kaa 0.10.


text:
Zwiastowanie – fresk autorstwa Giotto di Bondone namalowany ok. 1305 roku dla kaplicy Scrovegnich w Padwie.

Jeden z 40 fresków namalowanych przez Giotta w kaplicy Scrovegnich należący do cyklu scen przedstawiających życie Joachima i Anny, Marii oraz Chrystusa.

Obraz przedstawia scenę z Nowego Testamentu opisaną jedynie w kanonicznej Ewangelii Łukasza. Scena składa się z dwóch rozdzielonych fresków umieszczonych po obu stronach łuku nad ołtarzem. Giotto stworzył tu fałszywe nisze, imitujące wnętrze, w których znajduje się Archanioł i Maria. Wiszące balkony namalowane w skrócie, wiszące zasłony na drążku tworzą perspektywę i wrażenie głębi. Przedstawiony Anioł (po lewej) i Maria (po prawej stronie) klęczą i są skierowani naprzeciw siebie. Dzielący ich dystans przybliża kontakt wzrokowy.

Giotto przedstawiając postacie z profilu, namalował złote aureole w kształcie owalu, co było nowością w sztuce sakralnej.

Bibliografia
 Stefano Peccatori, Stefano Zuffi Giotto, Wyd. HPS, Warszawa 2006,

Obrazy Giotta di Bondone
Freski w kaplicy Scrovegnich
Matka Boska na obrazach
Archanioł Gabriel na obrazach
Motyw Zwiastowania na obrazach