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Ann Coulter At CPAC, 2011 (Full Video)
OMG! Ann Coulter hammers the left and Janet Napolitano, among other topics, in her unbelievably snarky way that will sure to make readers laugh out loud. Enjoy!
Q & A Session:
What's Next For Egypt? (2.10.2011)
Egypt Today, 2.10.2011
With the coalition of islamic jihadists, American marxists, communists, and anti-capitalists using the Egyptian youth as a hammer, one can only wonder how long before Egypt looks like Iran in 1979? (H/T RedLemur for the visual idea.)
Mubarak Refuses to Step Down
Suleiman Tells Furious Crowds to Go Home
Wired and Shrewd, Young Egyptians Guide Revolt
Headlines from Drudge:
Mubarak Hangs Tough...
VP Urges Protestors to Ignore Media, and Go Home...
AL-JAZEERA LIVE FEED...
CIA Panetta Confused: Said Strong likelihood Mubarak would 'step down tonight'...
March to palace being organized...
REUTERS LIVE...
AYFKM?: The Hubris Of McCain, Kerry, And The Senate
AYFKM? Even dopey corporate owned moo that I am, I understand good manners…this ain't it…
From TheHill.com
Kerry, McCain pass resolution calling for transition in Egypt
Two key senators offered and passed a resolution on Thursday that calls for Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to hand over power to a caretaker government.
The resolution offered by Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman John Kerry (D-Mass.) and Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) also call for elections and urges that Egypt's military demonstrate "maximum professionalism and restraint" in working to restore order.
In a floor speech, McCain warned that the situation in Egypt could turn into a "genuine massacre."
"We cannot afford that, and we must do everything in our power to see that it stops," McCain said. "This is a seminal moment in the history of the Middle East and the world. We are seeing an uprising and a movement that spread across the entire Middle East."
McCain called for Mubarak to give up power on Wednesday following a meeting at the White House with President Obama.
Protests in the streets of Cairo on Thursday were violent for a second day in a row as forces loyal to and against Mubarak's government battled in the streets.
Kerry said all stakeholders in Egypt must respect human rights.
"We urge the parties involved to take every step possible to avoid violence and to respect the rights of the people in Egypt to assemble, to express their rights, to fight for and demonstrate for a transition in their lives and in their country," said Kerry.
This is the first resolution to be offered by any senators on the crisis in Egypt. Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) and Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) quickly joined as cosponsors.
The Senate passed the resolution by unanimous consent Thursday night.
1. Do you think a dictator with a 30 year run cares what these ass-clowns think?
2. I wonder how much more pissed the Egyptian people will be when they hear of this arrogance.
3. When will the U.S. Federal Government understand that they aren't all that and that they can't just do whatever they want, wherever they want, whenever they want?
YOU HAVE TO MAKE UP FOR BACK WORK: Hunter Biden Threatened To Withhold Assistant's Pay If She Refused To FaceTime Him For Sex

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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ND Illinois2016
Burrow v. Sybaris Clubs Int'l, Inc.
Burrowv.Sybaris Clubs Int'l, Inc.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISIONJun 10, 2016
Case No. 13 C 2342 (N.D. Ill. Jun. 10, 2016)
Case No. 13 C 2342
ROBERT C. BURROW, on Behalf of Himself and Others Similarly situated, Plaintiff, v. SYBARIS CLUBS INTERNATIONAL, INC., et al., Defendants.
Judge Harry D. Leinenweber
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Before the Court are Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [ECF No. 121], and Defendants' Motion entitled "Position Statement on the Issue of Employee Consent" [ECF No. 120]. For the reasons stated herein, Plaintiff's Motion is denied and Defendants' Motion is granted in part and denied in part.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, Robert Burrow, used to work at the reservations desk for one of Defendant Sybaris Clubs International's five "romantic getaway" motels. The reservations desks at each of Sybaris's locations are open twenty-four hours a day, including weekends and holidays. In November 2011, Sybaris purchased a telephone recording system called "ShoreTel." The call recording system enabled Sybaris and Defendants Randell Repke and Charlene Farrell to record all incoming and outgoing calls to/from each of Sybaris's reservation desks, and to store, access and email the recorded calls.
Plaintiff argues the recording of these calls was done without anyone's consent in violation of state and federal wiretap laws. Because the ShoreTel system was not installed at the same time for each Sybaris location, the Court certified a class defined as:
All persons who made a telephone call into or out of the reservation telephone lines at Sybaris' five locations between the following dates: (1) Downers Grove, Illinois between March 19, 2012, and April 11, 2013; (2) Northbrook, Illinois between May 11, 2012 and April 11, 2013; (3) Frankfort, Illinois between May 14, 2012 and April 11, 2013; (4) Mequon, Wisconsin between May 25, 2012 and April 11, 2013; and (5) Indianapolis, Indiana between June 15, 2012 and April 11, 2013.
It appears undisputed that Sybaris did not inform its customers that telephone calls were being recorded (or obtain their consent). But the parties dispute whether the Sybaris employees consented to the recordings.
By law, if all of the employees are found to have consented to the calls being recorded, the claims of the class are extinguished. See, e.g., 18 U.S.C. § 2511(d) (An interception does not violate the Federal Wiretapping Act "where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent."). Thus, the Court chose to divide the class into two subclasses — Sybaris employees and customers — and determine the employee consent issue before proceeding further. If it is determined that some or all of the employees did not consent to the recordings, then the nonconsenting employees and the customers will be in the same boat, and their claims can proceed together.
The parties have issued notice to, and began deposing, the employee subclass. After completing a portion of the employee depositions, the parties returned to Court and reported their progress. Plaintiff argued that the evidence gathered was sufficient to enable the Court to make a determination on the employee consent issue. Defendants contended that the Court would only be able to rule on the consent issue once all the employees were deposed, unless the parties stipulated as to what the remaining employees would say. The Court asked the parties to submit cross-motions outlining their positions and suggesting a course of action for the litigation going forward. Plaintiff filed the present Motion for Partial Summary Judgment; Defendants filed the present Motion entitled "Position Statement on the Issue of Employee Consent," asking the Court to either (1) consider a motion for decertification of the class, or (2) order the depositions of the remaining employees. The Court considers both Motions concurrently.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
Summary judgment is appropriate when "there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). Material facts are those that affect the outcome of the lawsuit. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). A genuine dispute exists "if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party." Id. If the moving party satisfies its initial burden, the non-moving party must demonstrate "that a triable issue of fact remains on issues for which nonmovant bears the burden of proof." Knight v. Wiseman, 590 F.3d 458, 463-64 (7th Cir. 2009).
The judge's role at summary judgment is not to make credibility determinations or weigh the evidence. Washington v. Haupert, 481 F.3d 543, 550 (7th Cir. 2007). In other words, summary judgment is not to be used to resolve evidentiary conflicts, but merely to identify their presence or absence. Waldridge v. American Hoechst Corp., 24 F.3d 918, 920 (7th Cir. 1994). In determining whether a genuine issue of material fact exists, the Court construes all evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. See, Bellaver v. Quanex Corp., 200 F.3d 485, 491-92 (7th Cir. 2000).
III. ANALYSIS
The Federal Wiretap Act punishes any person who "intentionally intercepts [or] endeavors to intercept . . . any wire, oral, or electronic communication." 18 U.S.C. § 2511(a). "Intercept" simply means the "acquisition of the contents of any . . . communications through the use of any . . . device." Id. § 2510(4). The Act also creates a private cause of action for any person whose communication is intercepted. Id. § 2520(a). The law provides for statutory damages as well as "punitive damages in appropriate cases." Id. § 2520(b). To state a claim under the Act a plaintiff must prove that the defendant intentionally intercepted a communication. Id. § 2511(1)(b). The intent requirement under the Act "does not, however, require any intent to violate the law, or even any knowledge that the interception would be illegal." Narducci v. Vill. of Bellwood, 444 F.Supp.2d 924, 935 (N.D. Ill. 2006). Although the Act is broadly written, there is a catch. An interception does not violate the Act "where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent." 18 U.S.C. § 2511(d).
There is no dispute that Sybaris intended to record phone calls and in fact did record phone calls. Sybaris rests its defense on the consent exception. Consent is an affirmative defense that Sybaris bears the burden of proving. Valentine v. WideOpen W. Finance, LLC, 288 F.R.D. 407, 413 (N.D. Ill. 2012) (citing Doe v. Smith, 429 F.3d 706, 706 (7th Cir. 2005)). Sybaris argues (and has argued since the inception of this case) that the consent exception should be construed broadly, based largely on the Second Circuit's opinion in United States v. Amen, 831 F.2d 373, 378 (2d Cir. 1987) and other cases that follow that opinion. See, e.g., Griggs-Ryan v. Smith, 904 F.2d 112, 116 (1st Cir. 1990) ("We agree with the Second Circuit that 'Congress intended the consent requirement to be construed broadly.'") (citing Amen, 831 F.2d at 378)).
In the class certification order, the Court relied on the Seventh Circuit's opinion in United States v. Daniels, 902 F.2d 1238 (7th Cir. 1990), to reject Sybaris's argument based on Amen. In Daniels, a defendant sought to suppress evidence obtained by the FBI recording his telephone calls from jail on the ground that it violated the federal wiretapping law. Id. at 1245. The Seventh Circuit concluded that the FBI's actions did not violate the Federal Wiretap Act because they fell within the exception for wiretapping done "by an investigative or law enforcement officer in the ordinary course of his duties." Id. In dicta, the court also commented on the application of the consent exception; stating that the defendant's consent could not be inferred from him signing a form indicating that he understood that his calls "may be monitored and recorded" and a provision in the Code of Federal Regulations informing inmates their calls may be monitored. Id. In doing so, the court rejected the Second Circuit's holding in Amen. Id. The court remarked that "knowledge and consent are not synonyms," and "[t]aking a risk is not the same as consenting to the consequences if the risk materializes." Id.
Because the Seventh Circuit rejected Amen's holding in Daniels, this Court refused to give weight to Sybaris's broad consent arguments at the class certification stage. But, as the Court acknowledged in that order, Daniels did not completely foreclose the possibility that implied consent may be inferred from the surrounding circumstances. The dicta from Daniels must be read in light of the facts at issue in that case. Prisoners are faced with the Hobson's choice of "consenting" to having their private calls recorded or being cut off from the outside world. Under such circumstances, the idea of implied consent does indeed seem ludicrous. See, Daniels, 902 F.2d at 1245 ("That is the kind of argument that makes lawyers figures of fun to the lay community."). The same concerns are not present in the context of an employer recording calls made by its employees. The employee is not dependent on the phone calls to interact with the outside world and does not have the same personal interest in the business calls as a prisoner has in his or her private calls.
The Court finds this case much more similar to Griffin v. City of Milwaukee, 74 F.3d 824 (7th Cir. 1996). There, the Seventh Circuit reviewed the district court's order granting the defendants' motion for summary judgment on the plaintiff's claim that defendants' intercepted her personal telephonic and non-telephonic conversations in violation of the Federal Wiretap Act. Id. at 825. The court inferred the plaintiff's consent to the alleged interception from the surrounding facts and circumstances. Id. at 828. Specifically, the Griffin court relied on the facts that: (1) the defendants informed the plaintiff that calls from her workstation might be monitored for training, evaluation, and supervision purposes; (2) the plaintiff testified in her deposition that she knew her phone calls from her workstation could be monitored by supervisors; and (3) the recording system was noticeable and obvious. Griffin, 74 F.3d at 828. These facts and circumstances supported an inference that the plaintiff had actual notice of the recordings and impliedly consented to them. See, Amati v. City of Woodstock, 176 F.3d 952, 955 (7th Cir. 1999); Narducci v. Vill. of Bellwood, 444 F.Supp.2d 924, 936 (N.D. Ill. 2006).
Similarly, here the Sybaris employees who have been deposed have made various admissions suggesting that they were aware their calls were being recorded, they were given actual notice of the recording system, and they continued to work without objection. The general managers at each of the five Sybaris locations in question stated that they provided actual notice to the employees that the calls would be recorded by the ShoreTel phone system. See, Def.'s Mem., Exs. A, D, J, U. Although all of the employees have not been deposed, of those that have, all (with the exception of Plaintiff's niece and sister) confirmed that they were informed of the recordings by their general managers before or at the time the system was activated. Even Plaintiff admitted that he learned from his general managers that the ShoreTel system recorded all calls, although he claims it was about a month after the system was installed. Ex. HH, 115:12-22. In addition, a total of nineteen affiants, excluding the general managers, confirmed that Sybaris gave actual notice to the employees of the ShoreTel recording system before the system was activated. Others, including Plaintiff, stated that the recordings were common knowledge. See, e.g., Def.'s Mem., Ex. HH, 108:22-109:7; 115:12-22; Ex. B, ¶ 4; Ex. G, ¶ 3. And many performed or received phone ratings on the recorded calls. See, e.g., Def.'s Mem., Ex. C, ¶ 4; Ex. F, ¶ 6 (misnumbered as ¶ 4); Ex. H, ¶ 6. Notably, seven of the deponents even explicitly stated that they consented to the recordings.
See, Def.'s Mem., Ex. EE (Depo. of Patrick Stewart), 36:9-14, 38:20-39:3; Ex. Y (Depo. of Christie Culley), 43:17-23, 44:14-24; Ex. FF (Depo. of Ryan Stewart), 16:3-24, 17:19-18:2, 65:23-66:7; Ex. AA (Depo. of Christian Rivera), 17:20-18:10, 19:21-21:22; Ex. DD (Depo. of Richard Spandiary), 60:7-17; 68:5-69:8; Ex. BB (Depo. of Ismael Ruiz), 15:2-20, 34:18-35:22, 36:20-24; Ex. CC (Depo. of Mario Ruiz-Camarillo), 14:1-24, 15:5-10, 17:1-7, 17:17-18:7, 48:4-12.
See Def.'s Mem., Ex. B (Annette Anderson), ¶ 6; Ex. C (Patrick Stewart), ¶ 4; Ex. E (John Baghdasarian), ¶¶ 4-5; Ex. F (Ismael Ruiz), ¶¶ 3, 5 (misnumbered as ¶ 4); Ex. G (Michelle Vanderhorst), ¶ 4; Ex. H (Christian Rivera), ¶¶ 4-5, Ex. I (Mary Anne McDonald), ¶ 4; Ex. K (Christie Culley), ¶ 4; Ex. L (Brandi Currie), ¶ 5; Ex. M (Eric Garcia), ¶ 3; Ex. N (Jennifer Spriesch), ¶ 4; Ex. O (Bridget Kimmons), ¶ 3; Ex. P (John Kuchler), ¶ 3; Ex. Q (Fred Wahlen), ¶ 4; Ex. R (Jessica Baker), ¶ 4; Ex. S (Victor Covarrubias), ¶ 4; Ex. T (Denise Fischer), ¶ 4; Ex. V (Camille Green), ¶ 4; Haizlip Ex. W (Danielle Adrianna), ¶ 4.
See, Def.'s Mem., Ex. FF, 24:2-9; Def.'s Mem., Ex. EE, 38:9-13, 38:20-39:1; Def.'s Mem., Ex. GG (Depo. of Jonathan Upton), 21:21-24; Def.'s Mem., Ex. DD, 30:14-18; Def.'s Mem., Ex. BB, 50:22-51:2; Def.'s Mem., Ex. AA, 24:4-17; and Def.'s Mem., Ex. Y, 47:9-24. --------
At this point, the only three witnesses to have claimed they did not receive actual notice of the recording are Plaintiff, his sister and his niece. But even these three outliers have made admissions from which the Court would be inclined to infer that they impliedly consented to the recordings. For example, although Plaintiff claimed he was never "formally notified" that the ShoreTel system recorded calls, he admitted that: (1) the recordings became "common knowledge" within a month after the system was installed, Def.'s Mem., Ex. HH, 108:22-109:7; 115:12-22; (2) he learned about the recordings from his general manager, id. at 124:20-125:5; and (3) he listened to recorded calls with his manager as part of informal management training he received, id. at 175:12-177:17. Similarly, Plaintiff's niece, Amanda Burrow, denied being informed of the recording system, but acknowledged that she: (1) was advised when she was hired that her calls would be recorded and she would receive phone grades as part of her job, Def.'s Mem., Ex. X, 16:4-15; (2) had no objection to her calls being recorded (other than her personal calls), id. at 24:2-25:1; (3) assumed calls would be recorded after the installation of the ShoreTel system, id. at 31:19-32:18; and (4) continued making personal calls after becoming aware of the recordings, id. at 21:4-12. Plaintiff's sister, Teresa Franczak, also denied being informed of the recordings until after this action was filed, but she admitted that she accessed recorded calls on her manager's computer after the ShoreTel system was installed to train new employees. Def.'s Mem., Ex. Z, 19:8-25:20, 61:5-22.
Under such circumstances, the evidence suggests that the majority of the Sybaris employees impliedly consented by continuing to make phone calls despite having actual notice of Sybaris's use of the ShoreTel system. See, Amati, 176 F.3d at 955 ("If there is actual notice . . . there will normally be implied consent."); Narducci, 444 F.Supp.2d at 936 ("[C]onsent need not be explicit, but may rather be implied from "actual notice" of the interception."). But the Court is not in a position to make such a factual determination because there are a number of employees who have not yet been deposed, and the parties were unwilling or unable to stipulate as to what those individuals will say. If the remaining employees testify consistently with the majority of their colleagues, then the claims will fail. See, 18 U.S.C. § 2511(d). If the remaining employees testify to an experience similar to that of the three outliers, there will be a question of fact as to whether the Sybaris employees received actual notice of the recordings, in light of the Court's view of implied consent herein discussed.
The Court is baffled by Plaintiff's request for partial summary judgment on the facts presented; viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Defendants (as the nonmoving party) it is puzzling as to how this evidence could show undisputedly a lack of implied consent. Moreover, Plaintiff's arguments in favor of a more stringent test for implied consent are flawed. First, the cases cited by Plaintiff discussing the Fourth Amendment and the consent standard for informants in the criminal context have no application to the facts at hand. Further, Plaintiff fails to cite any support for his suggestion that control of the call recording capabilities and/or knowledge of the extent of the recording capabilities is required before an individual can validly consent to being recorded. It is not clear to the Court that these considerations are even relevant in determining whether consent has been conferred. An individual can consent to being recorded despite not being fully aware of the wiretap laws, the meaning of legal consent or her right to refuse to consent. And finally, just because the employees' testimony regarding their consent was obtained after the fact does not mean their consent is post-hoc; a deponent may, and is often required to, recount past occurrences. Based on the evidence presented thus far, the Court sees no reason why the Sybaris employees could not validly consent to the recordings.
IV. CONCLUSION
For reasons stated herein, Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [ECF No. 121] is denied. Defendants' Motion [ECF No. 120] is granted in part and denied in part. The parties are ordered to complete the remaining employees' depositions.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/_________
Harry D. Leinenweber, Judge
United States District Court Dated:6/10/2016
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The Hibiki continues to be one of the most popular whiskies from Japan. The name "Hibiki" means harmony in Japanese. The name also symbolizes the unique marriage of malts and harmonious blend of flavors in the whisky. We love the Hibiki, and so do our customers, who constantly keep us busy stocking up on Suntory's flagship product.
This particular bottle was made in beautifully designed, hand made ceramic. The whisky inside is, of course, the award winning Hibiki 21 year old that was once again selected as the 'Best Blended Whisky in the World' at the World Whisky Awards 2016. It has a peacock design on its bottle. If you want to try the best blended whisky, try Hibiki.


Bringing better integration to test and development is one of Visual Studio Team System's main goals. VSTS tries to make test and report correlation easier.
Testing tools have long been disparate, and often far removed from development processes. Bringing better integration to test and development is one of Visual Studio Team System's main goals. VSTS tries to make test and report correlation easier by providing a full-featured tool; yet it does support third-party automated test plug-ins for people who want to mix and match.
When Microsoft went about fashioning a new tool suite, integration was paramount. According to Sam Guckenheimer, group product planner, VSTS, Microsoft, research indicated that project managers spent 40 hours a week cutting and pasting. "We tried to take that down to maybe a couple," he said.
"Instead of having tools that worked in different ways, we said 'we will instrument all of the activities and put them into a multidimensional warehouse.' We have been doing this with supermarket data for years," joked Guckenheimer.
The move to integration and VSTS, which supports a Microsoft unit testing tool, is not without controversy, because many developers judged that NUnit and related tools served them well. With VSTS, testing capabilities have been integrated right into the VS environment, simplifying the process of writing tests without flipping back and forth between applications.
But some urge caution and recommend an effort to size up the problem space. They say, for small teams and some quick projects, VSTS may be seen as overkill. Said Yaron Sinai, CEO, Elementool, "Team system is a more complicated solution." In fact, Elementool's alternative is Web-based testing as a service. There is virtually no set-up stage.
"The way we see it, VSTS is for management of large projects. In order to use the system, you have to set up a server and install it and maintain access to all users, and if they are in remote locations, you need to open the firewall to access it. With Elementool," he compared, "you don't need to install anything."
Sinai noted that the latest version of Elementool's service application bug tracking tool, announced in June, deploys directly in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 development environment.
VSTS supports testing as a part of an automated build system. Said Chris Menegay, trainer/consultant with Notion Solutions, "Before, you had to hook NUnit into [the larger automated system] and figure what to do with test data from a build report standpoint. The more complicated the stuff you tried, the more complicated it got."
He continued: "All the tools did their niche things, and you had to bring each in, and create a workflow around them. You used to spend a lot of time building up the tooling."
Menegay favors the fact that, with VSTS, test results can post to a SQL Server database, which is something that did not occur with other tools, unless you wanted to build the software infrastructure.
VSTS also allows a developer to aggregate multiple tests, which have already been written, so that they can be executed by automated test agents to simulate up to a thousand users for load testing. Several agents can be run concurrently to increase the load in multiples of about a thousand. This whole process allows a team to reuse the work that was initiated for the various kinds of tests.
This also makes it easier for the developers themselves to execute a load test based on the unit tests of the individual code modules, so that they can identify problems at an earlier stage, saving time, and learning how to write better code. Can it prevent service related problems that had not been foreseen when the app was being developed? That is a goal. As Microsoft's Ian Knox noted, "The last thing you want is your pager going off at 3 a.m.."
Various automation capabilities also are said to ease the lot of developers who must create unit tests, simply by right clicking on methods. They can do things like add data collection points, export to XML and attach bug reports. Sonal Pardeshi, product manager for Visual Studio Team Test at Microsoft, distinguishes the new Microsoft offering, saying that with alternate approaches using multiple tools, it is often difficult to correlate tests with reports.
Menegay, of Notion Solutions, estimated automated test code generation capabilities can save a developer two to three minutes of work per method. As Menegay noted, "Writing six or seven lines of code is not a lot. But if you have 500 methods, you just saved 1,000 minutes of your life."
Unfortunately, this improvement will not be of much use to agile programmers who believe in writing the test before they code, since the automatic test generation is based on the method to be tested. But they will still get the savings of not having to go back and forth between tools, and there is a unit test wizard for those new to unit testing, Menegay explained.
Another key advantage, Menegay said, is the Test List feature for managing tests in hierarchical categories that can be shared across projects. Previously, a developer did not necessarily have a good user interface to manage tests on an ongoing basis. He said, "With NUnit, you would create the tests with projects and put category attributes in place, and you can still do that, but you can also take a higher level view and go across projects."
Now, there are two grouping mechanisms for the tests, using projects and folders, using Test Lists. Menegay said "Test Lists makes it easier to manage your tests in batches. If I have twenty tests in one project and twenty in another, I can include them by clicking on one group of text boxes and reorganize my groups very easily."
Of course, there is the creeping possibility VSTS and its new and enhanced capabilities will drag developers deeper into testing -- not necessarily a favorable outcome.
Improving software -- not overburdening developers -- is the goal, indicated Compuware's Ken Cowan, product manager of DevPartner Product Management Technology at Compuware, whose company is among the prominent third-parties able now to extend VSTS.
"We are not advocating that developers replace QA [Quality Assurance] people," he said, "But it is good, if they do unit tests, that developers do tests from a user perspective. Now we attach the test data to work items, as assets they can share."
Compuware DevPartner and TestPartner provide interactive feedback, coding advice and corporate coding standards and enable developers to find and repair software problems. This software now plugs into VSTS to make detailed diagnostic data available to the developer.
Cowan foresees deeper integration in the future. "Team System is really compelling as collaboration vehicle," he said.
Among other third-parties supporting VSTS are AutomatedQA with TestComplete and Borland with CaliberRM. But as important as third-party vendors may be the open source community, particularly those aligned with NUnit.
Clearly, NUnit is not natively supported by VSTS. It is one of the most widely used pieces of open source software in the .NET world. Jim Newkirk, development lead for the Microsoft Platform Architecture Guidance team, recently created a program that converts some C# NUnit code into tests compatible with Visual Studio 2005 Team System. For now, Newkirk said, it is aimed at people who are "evaluating Visual Studio 2005 Team System but really don't want to convert their existing code by hand."


Open Mon-Fri 12-3pm and 6-11pm, Sat-Sun noon-11pm. All major credit cards accepted (not Diners). 10% service charge.
Cafe Cafe offers a broad Modern British menu, drawing on influences from around the world alongside classic British dishes.


In this Engle progeny tobacco suit, plaintiff Dianne Webb, as the personal representative of the Estate of her father, James Kayce Horner, claimed defendnat tobacco manufacturers fraudulently concealed the dangers of smoking, which caused her father's smoking addiction and his fatal lung cancer.
In the first trial. , the jury awarded $8M in compensatory damages and $72M in punitive damages.
However, on review, Florida's First District Court of Appeal found that the award was motivated by prejudice and remanded for a redetermination of damages.


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Rick Holmes: Ignorance, lies and President Obama's religion
Rick Holmes
Aug 30, 2010 at 12:01 AM Aug 30, 2010 at 5:58 AM
It says nothing about Barack Obama that 18 percent of respondents in a recent Pew survey believe the president is a Muslim. But it says plenty about the gullibility of a fifth of the American people, and the cynicism of some media players.
It says nothing about Barack Obama that 18 percent of respondents in a recent Pew survey believe the president is a Muslim. Obama has been candid and consistent in discussing his religious, writing about it years before he became a national figure. Nothing he has said or done since taking office has cast doubt on his personal commitment to Christianity.
But it says plenty about the gullibility of a fifth of the American people, and the cynicism of some media players, that the number who believe this fiction has grown by 50 percent since Obama was inaugurated. It's also noteworthy that nearly a third of Republicans think Obama is Muslim. The number who say Obama is a Christian has dropped from 47 percent in 2008 to 34 percent today.
Why are people getting more ignorant about their president 18 months into his term? The most likely explanation is that facts don't matter to his political opponents.
The facts? Obama was raised by his mother and her parents, who were nominal Christians but not especially active in church. His father, Barack Hussein Obama Sr., gave him his name but little else. During the brief period before he abandoned his young wife and toddler son, Obama Sr. considered himself an atheist.
As a boy, Obama lived several years in a Muslim country - Indonesia - where he attended a Catholic school. That doesn't make him Muslim any more than it makes him a Catholic.
Some allege that under Islamic law, because Obama's paternal grandfather - a man Obama never met - was a Muslim, he is one, too. But that's a red herring. Americans don't assign religious, political or any other kind of identity based on long-dead relatives. Americans get to define themselves, and there's no doubt how Barack Obama defines himself.
As a young adult, his experience working with ministers in Chicago on community issues brought him to Christianity. He affirmed his faith and became a member of the United Church of Christ, a denomination with historic roots in the Puritans who founded Massachusetts.
Whether someone is a Christian is not a matter for public debate. Unlike some other faiths, Christianity is not inherited. From the time of the first apostles, Christianity is something you declare by affirmation and by the acceptance of sacraments. That's what Obama has done and consistently declared.
He doesn't advertise his Christian credentials like, say, George W. Bush, Mike Huckabee or Sarah Palin. But Obama has written about it in books and answered questions when asked. In a long interview with religion writer Kathleen Falsami in 2004 (available online at www.godgrrl.com/obama-on-faith), he goes into more detail. In a 2008 interview with Christianity Today in 2008, he was more succinct:
"I am a devout Christian," he said. "I believe in the redemptive death and resurrection of Jesus Christ."
What part of that is hard to understand? Christianity in America, especially in the Protestant tradition, is a smorgasbord of denominations, encompassing snake-handlers on one end and ministers who welcome gay marriages on the other. There is no test you must take to qualify as a Christian, and no one - not even the pope - is authorized to kick you out of the faith.
Those who wish to ignore Jesus' commandment to "judge not that ye be not judged" may opine on whether Obama is a good Christian or a bad Christian, I guess. But you'd think such a judgment would hinge on some terrible sin of word or deed that cast doubt on his worthiness. In debating people who question Obama's Christianity, I don't hear that evidence. Instead, I hear a surprising number of references to health care reform. Who knew Jesus felt so strongly about the individual mandate?
But there's not a shred of evidence showing him to be a Muslim, and no grounds to dismiss his claim that he's a Christian.
Yet they do, with straight faces. That includes two Republican candidates for Congress in the Massachusetts 3rd District. "I believe that he's a Muslim," Robert Chipman of Plainville told the Attleboro Sun-Chronicle. "There is no doubt about it," Robert Delle of Westborough agreed. "Obama is a Muslim."
No doubt?
Here's what there's no doubt about: Anyone who says Obama is a Muslim is either ignorant or unprincipled. Either they don't know the truth, or truth means nothing to them.
It shouldn't matter, of course. The Constitution explicitly says there can be no religious test for public office. We've never had a Muslim president, or a Jewish one, for that matter - though Franklin D. Roosevelt was described as Jewish by some of his nastiest critics, the same kind of people who today call Obama a Muslim.
And they do it because it does matter. They do it for the same reason they spread lies about Obama's birth in Hawaii: to make the president seem like an outsider, a foreigner, a strange, dangerous non-American who doesn't belong in the White House. Someone we should "take America back" from.
Something ugly is happening in America this summer. One of the nation's foundational principles - the right to worship where and how you want - is under assault, and not just in Lower Manhattan. In Florida, where a mosque was bombed last spring, a minister is planning to mark the anniversary of the 9-11 attacks by burning Qurans.
Facts pose no obstacle for the anti-Obama, anti-Muslim crusaders. There's no "mosque" proposed for Ground Zero. It's a cultural center, expressly modeled on the YMCA, with a gym, restaurant, offices and a day center. It's not at the World Trade Center site, but more than two long blocks away, and well out of site of the WTC.
Yes, it will have a prayer room Muslims may use. It's about the size of the Muslim prayer room at another site hallowed by the 9-11 attacks: the Pentagon. There, Muslims in uniform, who put their lives on the line in America's war against terrorists, recite their prayers daily.
Maybe I'm overreacting. As Jay Leno demonstrates regularly on his show, it's easy to find people ignorant about the most basic facts of American life. After all, a recent Fox News poll found that 8 percent of Americans think Elvis is still alive. Maybe it doesn't matter that 18 percent think Obama's a Muslim.
Ignorant people will always be with us. What worries me are the well-paid media stars and political operatives who are doing everything they can to make Americans more ignorant.
Rick Holmes, opinion editor of the MetroWest Daily News, blogs at Holmes & Co. He can be reached at rholmes@cnc.com.


Capital City of the Keystone State, Harrisburg is set in Pennsylvania Dutch Country – and the ninth largest city in the state.
Must-see attractions while visiting the Capital Region include the National Civil War Museum, the Whitaker Center for Science & the Arts, and of course, the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex.
Harrisburg is also known for hosting the Pennsylvania Farm Show – the country's largest indoor agriculture exposition held at the 24-acre Farm Show Complex & Expo Center in January.
For family fun, the famed HERSHEY'S Chocolate World and Hershey Gardens is a short trip away. Another road trip idea? Philadelphia is just a two-hour drive away, where you may explore Cradle of Liberty's attractions like the Liberty Bell Center.


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Unlike some high-end Peninsula towns that began their lives as rough-and-tumble frontier outposts, Hillsborough has always been Hillsborough. Way back in 1910, on the eve of Hillsborough's incorporation, one San Francisco newspaper writer called it "the perfumed city." That perfume smells just as rosy today.
Hillsborough traces its modern origins to the Burlingame Country Club, established in 1893 by a group of early landowners led by Frances Newlands. In fact, Hillsborough was on track to become part of Burlingame until its wealthy residents decided they wanted no part of their neighbor's sidewalks, shops and other urban perks. They banded together, voting almost unanimously for incorporation on April 25, 1910. At the time, Hillsborough had 750 residents.
Today, most of Hillsborough's original estates are gone. A few, like Carolands, the 98-room mansion completed in 1916 for Pullman heiress Harriett Pullman Carolan, and Tobin Clark's "House-On-Hill," built in 1931, are still privately owned. W.H. Crocker's Skyfarm and Templeton Crocker's Uplands are now centerpieces of The Nueva School and the Crystal Springs Upland School, respectively. If you're interested in living like a Hillsborough pioneer, "House-On-Hill" is for sale. At $23.8 million, it's a bargain, compared to the $100 million price tag of Guignecourt, the 50-acre spread built in Hillsborough one hundred years ago by the founder of Leslie Salt.
City code also limits individual lot size. No one can have a plot smaller than a half-acre. Nor can there be any apartments, condominiums or townhouses within the town limits.
One other thing: other than its four public schools, one park and single golf course, there are no businesses in Hillsborough, as per city law. The city's founders weren't kidding in 1910 when they said they wanted nothing that would "detract from the rural atmosphere" of their home.
Without businesses to regulate and manage, Hillsborough is free to concentrate on the well-being of its residents. Hillsborough has a population just shy of 11,000. It's not stretch to imagine that most of them are very, very content.
What brings people to Hillsborough? Lets begin with its schools. The Hillsborough School District, which consists of three elementary schools – West, East and North – and Crocker Middle School, consistently ranks among the state's best in Academic Performance Index (API) scores. Hillsborough parents take a keen interest in education. The Hillsborough Schools Foundation has raised over $45 million for local schools since its 1980 founding.
"Community" is an important idea to Hillsborough residents. You'll see it expressed at one of the town's annual events, like the Memorial Day Parade and Carnival or the Concours d' Elegance car show, or every day in the way locals stop and greet each other on the street, volunteer their time at schools and organizations like the Beautification Foundation or the Newcomers Club or in the way they passionately participate in local politics.


I grew up in a small town and farm in northern Minnesota that laid a foundation of values and work ethic that I carried into adulthood. My life completely changed in my early 20's by God's grace through Jesus Christ. What followed were years of "training" through life experiences, the classroom, pastoral ministry, and counseling in adolescent treatment facilities and adult mental health centers. I am committed to upholding the authority of Christ and scripture in the counseling process which demands responsibility with integrating theory, techniques, science, and research.
Those visiting my office will not see fancy furnishings or décor but rather personal reminders of lives that have been changed by, I believe, the power of God. I consider it a great privilege to serve and care for others, including those who may think differently than I do, or those who may have no spiritual inclination at all. I now watch people experience the power of God's presence and His love permeating their painful circumstances similar to what the Lord has done for me. I want to give Him all the credit and thanks and to continue to commit myself to doing this work His way.
Education & Experience: Doctor of Ministry degree (D. Min.) in Marriage and Family Counseling – Denver Seminary, Denver, CO. Master of Divinity degree (M. Div.) – Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, IL (Chicago). Ordained Pastor (1986) Evangelical Free Church of America (EFCA), Minneapolis, MN. 30+ years experience. 20+ years at Valley Christian Counseling Center.


Published Author/Ghost Writer since 1995. Skilled at character development, building in layers for dramatic appeal, writing for screen and play. Editor/Proofreader, Copy Writer, Spoken Word Artist, Song Writer, and Comedienne in my own right.


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Royal Swan Upping Takes Place in Windsor
Posted: Fri 20 July 2018 at 14:13
An impressive flotilla of old-fashioned wooden skiff boats adorned with Royal flags has made its way up the Thames from Windsor bridge to carry out the annual Royal Swan Upping.
The Upping is the official process of counting the swan flock on the Thames in an attempt to help conserve the population. Following an outbreak of avian flu earlier in 2018, the Upping was seen as particularly important this year.
Speaking to the Windsor Express, David Barber, the Queen's official swan marker, who was in charge of this year's Upping, said: "It's been the first time it really hit the Thames hard and it was very, very difficult to deal with in Windsor."
However, the official count found some 200 birds were still living in the area, much to the relief of conservationists.
The Royal Swan Upping has been taking place for centuries and has its roots in the Middle Ages when the Royal Family declared that all 'unmarked' swans in open waters belonged to them. During that period swans were seen as a prized delicacy. The event takes place for five days each summer and begins on the third Monday of July.
These days the practise is very much about conservation and each swan identified in the Upping, which happens between Marlow and Cookham, is weighed and checked over for illness.
The Royals still play an active part in the Upping, with Princess Anne getting involved this year by observing the annual swan census in Marlow.
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Boulder County, Colorado Sheriff's Deputies Jim O'Brien and Adam Lunn have been charged with manslaughter after a detainee they were transporting became gravely ill during a transport to a detox facility.
On September 9, 2018, Deputies Lunn and O'Brien were working a special assignment in downtown Boulder. They were assigned to a transport van with the specific job of transporting any intoxicated individuals to an addiction recovery center, where they could sober up safely.
Deputies were called by Boulder police officers to transport an intoxicated man the officers had placed in custody. After they arrived and assumed custody, the deputies transported the man to the recovery center some 16 minutes away. When they arrived and opened the back of the van, they knew something was wrong – the man was unconscious and did not seem to be breathing. The deputies sprang into action. They started CPR and called for medical help. Initially their resuscitation efforts seemed to work but, unfortunately, almost a month later the man died.
It was determined that the man the deputies were transporting had a blood-alcohol of .35, a potentially fatal level, and had amphetamines in his bloodstream.
Somehow, these deputies, who were just doing their jobs, are now being charged with manslaughter!
Deputy O'Brien is an over 20 year law enforcement veteran. He is married with two young children. Deputy O'Brien's wife suffered a major stroke last year and is unable to work.
Deputy Lunn is a veteran of the United States Air Force who served in Iraq. He has served with the Boulder County Sheriff's Department since 2008. Deputy Lunn and his wife are now expecting their first child.
These deputies were doing their job protecting the community and now facing the possibility of years in prison. They are certainly facing an uncertain future for themselves and their families. Their defense costs will be significant.


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Comparing the 1932-1937 Rally to the 2009-2011 Rally
By Jeffrey Cooper Feb 16, 2011 9:30 am
There is some interesting, mirror-image, fold-back symmetry at play here.
Editor's Note: The following is a free edition of Jeff Cooper's Daily Market Report. For a two-week FREE trial of his daily commentary and nightly day and swing trading picks, click here.
We skipped a light fandango
Turned cartwheels 'cross the floor.
I was feeling kind of seasick,
But the crowd called out for more.
The room was humming harder,
As the ceiling flew away.
When we called out for another drink,
The waiter brought a tray.
-- "A Whiter Shade Of Pale" (Procol Harum)
"She should have died hereafter;
There would have been a time for such a word.
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time'
And all our yesterday's have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury
Signifying nothing."
--Macbeth, William Shakespeare
"…And Time will have his fancy
To-morrow or to-day."
--(As I Walked Out One Evening, W.H. Auden)
"…the little actor cons another part;
Filling from time to time his 'humorous stage'
With all the Persons, down to palsied Age,
That Life brings with her in her equipage;
As if his whole vocation
Were endless imitation."
-- Intimations of Immortality, William Wordsworth
"Extraordinary -- another day of DIVERGENCE with the DJIA down and Transports up. This makes 11 out of 31 trading days of 2011 with divergent action. Never seen anything quite like it. Indications of confusion and distribution."
-Richard Russell
"There is a tendency to assume if it didn't happen today, it's not going to happen."
--Barack Obama
Many momentum names got a black eye on Tuesday. Names include F5 Networks (FFIV), VMWare (VMW), Fossil (FOSL), and all the agricultural names (CF Industries (CF) and Monsanto (MON) for example). (Click link for chart.)
Follow-through on Wednesday could be a bloody nose for stocks: A 10-minute chart of the SPY for February shows the breakaway gap from the level of a 100% advance up from the March '09 low. The 10-minute pattern for the month of February shows a gap up to begin the month from what translates to the 1296 level or 36 squared (6 x 6 x 6 x 6). Often culmination moves result in an "overthrow" of a channel (which is the case of the weekly S&P as shown in yesterday's chart) and often these overthrows are 90 degrees in price. It is 90 degrees in price from 1296 to 1333. The move below the November 741 S&P crash low to the 666 March '09 low was basically a 270 degree undercut. Remember that the move that undercut 741 was short being only two to three weeks in time. So it conforms to the idea of an undercut in terms of time and time is more important than price.
Has the market carved out the mother of all backtests? The S&P closing monthly low for the first leg down which ended in March 2008 was 1322.69. That low led to a rally to 1440.25. When the 1322 pivot low from March 2008 was snapped, it was writing on the wall that the waterfall decline was coming; the market had sprung a leak.
Is the S&P revisiting the scene of the crime? The geometry of that 2008 pivot is proved by the ensuing decline of 50% from that pivot. The same geometry is evident from the 2000 high to the 2002 low. This is the poetry of the 100% Rule in motion.
The next decline and the ensuing rally will tell us much about the position of the market and whether the move up from March 2009 was the beginning of a new bull market, and whether a corrective move must be bought or whether this is a big-picture bearish backtest in the spirit of the five-year rally from July 1932 to March 1937.
There is an interesting fractal of the rally of the period from 1932 to 1937 and that of 2009 to 2011.
While the current rally is a 100% advance from the low in approximately 720 degrees of time, the rally from a price of 40 on the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1932 to 190 in 1937 represented a rally to 50% of the 380 DJIA high in 1929 in 1800 degrees of time. Kind of mirror-image, fold-back symmetry at play.
Note: It should read "April" not "Gapfill" above 2010 on this chart.
While the duration of the move from July 1932 smash low to March 1937 is obviously more than twice as long as the current advance off the March 2009 smash low, there is a compelling symmetry to the DNA of the rallies.
If you take the March '09 low for the July 1932 low then the July '09 pivot low mirrors the first-quarter pullback low in 1933. The mid-1933 high resembles the January 2010 peak. The late 1933 low ties to the February 2010 pivot low. The first-quarter high in 1934 mirrors the April peak in 2010. The late 1934 low is a fractal of the inverse head-and-shoulders pattern in the summer of 2010. Following the late 1934 low, the DJIA traced out a five-wave extension.
Currently, a five-wave extension can be counted from the July 2010 low. Assuming this analogue continues to play out, the expectation would be to see a correction followed by a grinding rally back up to the end of April/early May to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the important April 26, 2010 peak.
In other words, an initial top could play out followed by a test into May in keeping with the pattern of the July/October 2007 tops. If the pattern plays out, it remains to be seen if the test will be a new high (toward 1360ish say). This, of course, assumes that there will never be another correction of more than a few days and a few percent in the stock market. But if the scenario plays out, the second half of the year could echo the 30% correction in the second half of 1937. If a deep correction does occur, the next question will be whether it marks a buying opportunity or whether cycles exert downside pressure for a period of five years or so as was the case from the 1937 top into 1942.
Conclusion: Mid-February is opposite, the initial top of 1555 on the Gann Square of 9 Chart. So, 1555 is an important "vibration." This is proven out by the fact that November 21 (the important low in 2008) is square of 90 degrees from 1555. That means that mid-February by definition is 90 degrees and resonates off November 21. To give you an idea of the efficacy of the harmonics, one example is that 739 ties to October 10. The November 2008 came in at 741.
October 10, of course, is the low in 2002 and the high in 2007, 60 months apart, just as the 1932 low and the 1937 high were roughly 60 months apart. If the market is following out the "section" from 1937 tying to 2007, then it is interesting that there was a March low in 1939 and a waterfall crash in May of 1940 mimicking the flash crash in May 2010. 60 months….60 years.
After that, there was a peak in early January 1941 which accelerated into the first week of March. Is it possible the market will play catch-up with pressure into the two-year anniversary of the low? A peak failed to develop in the first week of January 2011, despite the major harmonic of the first week of January being 666 calendar days from March 6, 2009. In fact, that peak marked a corrective phase to May followed by a bear market rally into late July. It is worth watching these time pivots this year in case the cycles have inverted.
Strategy: Many of the go-go names got hit yesterday. Finisar Corp (FNSR) followed through from a Lizard Sell signal left on Friday. Haynes International (HAYN) left train tracks on Monday/Tuesday. Fossil saw the largest sell-off in at least seven months. Either it was a one-day head-fake and a one-day shakeout with a big rally in these names today or it was the sign of the beginning of the correction. The first hour in the go-go names, the ags and the clouds, will be important to watch today. The SPY is perched on important short-term support. Pressure today would trigger a short-term Rule of 4 Sell Signal which is a break of a three-point rising trend line (or declining trend line in the case of a buy signal) as shown in a chart of the SPY from last night's report.
The S&P lifted out of a Plus One/Minus Two Buy set up on February 11. The low for February 10, the low of the setup, was 1311.75. A break of this last little buy signal and inflection point should confirm a correction has begun. Follow-on weakness today suggests lower strikes; 1310 (131 SPY) will be tested for options expiration.
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One of the hardest questions for many math teachers to answer in a way that is relevant to students is: "why do I need to know this?" "For the next course you take", the easiest answer in many cases, does not answer the question that was usually being asked. My answers to this question obviously depend on the topic being studied at moment, and I don't have "good" answers for all topics… but here is my list of key life skills I learned directly or indirectly from math class, with some examples of situations where I find them indispensable.
How much will all three of these items cost? How much more would I have to spend to get that one instead of this one?
How much would three of this one item cost? Which is cheaper per unit: the 10oz or the 16oz size (when cost per unit is not displayed)? If our four person band will receive $160 for this gig, how much will my share be?
What dollar difference will a 3% raise in my weekly paycheck represent? How much am I saving if this item is discounted by 20%? How much should I tip the server at the restaurant?
The above calculations usually arise at times when, or places where, I do not wish to take the time to pull out a calculating device, or let the world know I cannot figure things out without help.
Algebra has also taught me to be comfortable tackling problems that will take many steps to solve, by first breaking the problem down into smaller tasks or goals, then solving each in turn (in the same way I might write a 20 page research paper). Or, if that approach does not work, to try working backwards from the desired solution… or perhaps even starting "in the middle", and working from there to both the start and the end. These problem solving approaches are useful in many walks of life, even non-quantitative ones.
Word problems often present information in a less structured, more challenging to wrap your thoughts around way. I have to think a bit to figure out what information is relevant to the question being asked, along with how best to use it. They force me to determine what mathematical tools might be relevant to the situation, more so than problems which are already expressed either entirely in numerical form or as equations. In other words, they help me learn to apply what I know about math to the "messier" problems I might encounter in the world around me.
Deductive reasoning is very broadly useful (ask any lawyer), and influences all of my attempts at communication greatly. It was easiest for me to grasp as a concept in the context of developing geometric proofs, which provide a visual aid to the deductive part of the reasoning. "Problem solving" involves tackling problems that are new to me, which I have the tools to solve, but for which I do not know "where to start" from prior experience. Almost every student struggles with this process as they learn it, and I see geometric proofs as an easier place to learn this challenging and valuable skill than others.
A bank balance earning compound interest is an exponential function. If you wish to understand the key concept behind accumulating enough savings over your lifetime to retire in some degree of comfort, you must understand how to work with exponential functions. If you are interested in working with biology, ecology, or economics – all fields that can involve populations or systems that are growing or decaying exponentially, this is an important topic to have mastered. To work with or solve exponential functions you need algebra, the laws of exponents, and inverse functions including logarithms (which are also needed to understand the Richter scale for measuring earthquakes, or decibel levels used in measuring sound volume).
The time value of money is just as critical a concept in managing personal finances as it is in corporate finance. Series are needed to calculate the effect of inflation on your savings and investments over many years, or to decide which investment (in your education, a solar system, a car) will provide you with the greatest return over the years of its life, etc.
Many news reports and advertisements use statistics, but seldom provide enough information for the viewer or reader to make their own evaluation of the data. A strong background in descriptive statistics helps you to understand how easily incomplete statistical information, or poorly designed polls, can mislead at election time, in advertisements, or in making organizational decisions. Recent research results on brain development also seem to lean towards describing our brain as a marvelous statistical engine that allows us to make reasonable inferences in situations that have a history of varied results.
If you are ever tempted to play the lottery or gamble in hopes of winning more money than you lose (as opposed to purely for entertainment purposes), probability and expected values are something that will benefit you greatly. Investors seek to achieve a good return based on the amount of risk taken. How do you decide what level of return is needed to compensate you for the level risk taken?
While I seldom resort to the procedures and techniques taught in calculus in my daily activities, the concept that a problem can be broken down into a series of pieces which sum to the whole is a critical principle in many walks of life. Every "impossibly big" project I have completed has relied heavily on this approach. Calculus concepts helped me immeasurably when studying college Physics, and therefore in understanding many of the principles people have discovered that govern our universe. In particular, some topics in electricity and magnetism did not make sense to me as explained by the professor, but the integral describing the situation made things clear. Continuous probability distributions can certainly be studied without calculus, but understanding what you are looking at is easier when you are familiar with integral calculus. Have you ever wondered how Boeing can ensure that the fuel tanks in the wing of a new plane will be able to carry enough fuel to provide the plane with the desired range (without building a prototype first)? How can you possibly calculate the exact interior volume of a complex shape like an airplane wing section? Calculus! But before you can really tackle the processes of integral calculus, you need to first master differential calculus.
Being able to easily determine the rate of change of a function, either on an average or instantaneous basis, makes it easier to solve a number of science, economics, and even practical every-day problems (like the remaining cooking time needed for something on the grill based on several internal temperatures you have measured). An understanding of differential calculus often changes the way you think and communicate about quantitative topics that involve rates of change, particularly if you are attempting to model real-world situations. Rates of change are a central part of our daily lives: How fast is that car going? Will I have enough gas to get to my destination? How much longer will the turkey or roast take to cook fully? How much longer before the snow is gone? Rates of changes should receive greater focus in math courses throughout high school.
Keeping course materials organized in a way that makes them easy to review regularly, and find material when needed. Organization skills and habits of mind can help improve both your efficiency and your results on most any task or assignment.
How do you feel about a task as you complete it? Are you certain you are doing your best work? Are you certain this will meet expectations? Are you working with confidence and speed, or do doubts and hesitation creep in from time to time? Pay attention to these feelings, and let them guide where you spend your time.
Doubt, hesitation, or anxiety are often alarm bells telling you that you do not understand something well enough yet… therefore you need to do something about it, now!
What helps you do you best work? Does the setting, or the time of day, or a looming deadline, or the presence (or absence) of friends matter? Think about this, and plan your work to use such insights to your advantage.
Things often seem easy to do when you watch someone else do them (such as when a teacher is presenting at the board). Ideas often sound straightforward when you hear someone else talk about them. Yet most people don't really understand something well until they have done it completely on their own (no help from friends, no looking at notes)… preferably after some time away from it. If you really want to ensure you understand something, teach it to someone else who is having difficulty with it!
When working in groups, are you helping to move the group forward, or are you along for the ride? You can't fool the other members of the group for long. Always strive to be both constructive and productive. Are you working for the group's benefit as much as your own? Both are important. The more skills you master, the greater your value to a group. The better the group works together, the greater its value to all.
Individual achievement is marvelous, fun, wonderful, exciting, and great for self-esteem. Group achievements are different, and can be even better. There is something magical about meeting challenges as a group, particularly challenges that none of of the group believes they could have met individually. This is just as true in Music as it is in Engineering, Business, or a class project.
Most math teachers will require their students to "show their work" in order to receive full credit. This is no different than an English teacher requiring a conclusion to be justified by preceding persuasive paragraphs. Writing an "essay" that consisted only of a concluding sentence, even if it is a very good conclusion, would not result in a passing grade. Neither will most work in math and science if all you do is show the result. We always, always need to either convince the reader that our result makes sense, and/or help the reader verify that we have not made any mistakes. In English, we use words to do so; in Math we use both words and the more concise notations developed in each Math course.
The more challenging a task, the more creative the solution approaches need to be. Can a problem be made easier to understand by summarizing or doodling? Can it be broken down into smaller pieces that are easier to tackle? Can you start at the end and work backwards? Can you start somewhere in the middle, then work from there to both the beginning and the end? Can the task be described or illustrated in a different way, one that might bring completely different approaches to mind?
If an approach does not seem to work, try a different one. If no other approaches come to mind, do something else for a while then try again. Are you sure there are no other approaches you could use with this problem? What if I re-drew my diagram? Could I have taken an alternative approach at any step of my earlier work? If a first attempt at a task leaves you feeling as though what you produced is not quite good enough, re-do it. You usually do not have to start from the absolute beginning, as your presentation of your ideas or work is often the culprit. Find someone to help review or edit your work. Rethinking your work can help find errors, but can also help build confidence and comfort with concepts. Re-reading and re-editing will often greatly improve the presentation of ideas.
A problem may look nice and concise as stated, but the process of solving it can sometimes turn it into a page full of terms, parentheses, fractions… a mess. But then you start to spot some like terms which can be combined, or common factors that cancel out, a substitution that reduces the number of terms further, and from there it can be all downhill to the solution. Or it might get worse again. Having the patience to take such events in stride, and the perseverance to continue looking for a path to your goal, are invaluable in many situations.
Many, if not most, new topics are likely to generate anxiety and frustration long before you experience success, mastery, pride, and satisfaction. Get used to it, both in school and in life. Use your recollections of successfully overcoming past frustrations to help you persevere with the ones you face now. It is normal to get frustrated – it happens to everyone, including those who appear to master things with ease. Frustration, followed by work that leads to mastery, can help you remember things better. Think of how many times you have been frustrated in the past, then mastered the topic that was frustrating you. How great a feeling was that? You will probably remember those experiences and the related ideas better than most others. This is part of the reason you will often hear people say "That was a really hard course, but it was also one of the BEST I have taken!".
These recreations of "mini-lectures" you use with your students are highly accessible and useful to both students and teachers. They're spot on which appeals to students, and elegantly clear explanations of theory and theory into practice, which is extremely useful for teachers too.
As I read your posts I keep seeing them in a handbook, well-worn by constant use.
This is great! I wish there was more posts like this! Many of these examples show that you only need to UNDERSTAND the concept and when in real life situation, just THINK about it. What about actually doing the exact same things you do at school? Actually writing and drawing and calculating with pen and paper? There aren't that many examples of those, maybe the integral one, but then again, not that many people are plane engineers (but soon everybody will become???). I'm having really hard time thinking how I can use every single piece of mathematics I have learnt, not just the basic ones. I want to ACTUALLY use geometry, take my ruler and draw circles, and to use it for something important that greatly helps me, my family, my friends, or more people. I want to ACTUALLY use integrals, and formulas and derivatives! If you can answer that, I will be impressed and very happy, because before that, I only knew that mathematics was for beauty in paintings, Leonardo's Mona Lisa and Last Supper, and for handling cash, and for choosing good lengths for the roof of our summer cottage, and in a hurry to think how fast should I ride my bike, and for measuring and anyway, I can count in my hands the situations, when there actually should be countless of those. And not just simple maths, I want to get everything out of the advanced maths I've learnt and will learn. OR maybe this all just shows I haven't fully understood everything I've supposed to have learnt.
Thanks for explaining what good things you can learn in math class. I like that you mentioned in the article that if you want to work with biology, you should have mastered exponential functions. I wonder if it could be good to somehow establish the connection between these early on if it can help motivate people to learn this concept more.


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Days Past Articles /
The Curse of Prescott's Keystone Saloon, Part Two
Jan 5, 2017 10:58:32 AM
By Brad Courtney©
One would think that the Keystone Saloon on Cortez Street had accommodated enough death. Although three suicides had taken place there between 1885-87, it hadn't yet hosted a homicide. That would change eight years later over a dispute of seventy-five cents.
Charles Hobart had previously lived and worked at Prescott's Scopel Hotel. He'd been arrested for robbery in February 1895 but was given leniency; all Hobart was required to do was leave town. This he did, but he returned to Prescott on October 23. He found a vacant room in the lodging quarters of the Keystone and paid in advance to John Miller, its new proprietor, a total of one dollar, reserving four nights at twenty-five cents each.
During the night, the behavior of the unaccompanied Hobart turned too repugnant to describe in this column. Of course, this displeased Miller, especially after Hobart reneged the next morning on his four-night reservation and demanded a reimbursement for his unused nights. The disgusted Miller refused.
Hobart then pulled out his abbreviated Winchester rifle, pointed it at Miller, and demanded a refund. Somehow Miller escaped. He went straight to Chief of Police Steve Prince.
Prince found Hobart and immediately arrested him. That same afternoon he stood trial. Hobart was convicted for drunk-and-disorderly conduct and fined five dollars. He wasn't so short of money, however, as to be in need of an extra seventy-five cents. He paid his fine and was released. Peculiarly, his gun was returned to him.
Hobart immediately took to the streets. Toting his Winchester, he attracted ample attention. His first stop was the Palace Saloon, where he started drinking. At some point he glanced at a clock and announced to Palace patrons it was time for the "shooting match" to take place. When asked what he meant, he bluntly stated he was going to kill John Miller before eight o'clock. Those at the Palace didn't take him seriously.
Hobart, however, wasn't done drinking. He headed to the Sazerac Saloon on Gurley Street. There he continued the same threats. The Sazerac's chef, John Ross, believed they weren't products of hot air. Ross hastened a messenger to Prince.
Hobart, however, beat the Chief of Police there. Miller walked into the Keystone with his Winchester. Miller was standing in the middle of the room between the bar and stove.
Hobart shouted, "Now Miller, you s—of—a—b I want your money or I'll kill you," but gave him no chance to respond. Hobart fired. The bullet struck Miller directly in the lower throat. The saloon owner collapsed to the floor, took a few desperate gasps and expired.
The gunman backed his way out and, in spite of his pronounced intoxication, skillfully mounted his horse and galloped northward on Cortez. He swung left onto Willis Street before heading south along Granite Creek and out of town.
Within ten minutes, Sheriff George Ruffner and his posse began pursuit. They combed the countryside until midnight.
At daylight, the posse soon determined that Hobart was now on foot and heading south toward Phoenix. By Saturday, he'd turned back toward the Bradshaw Mountains, thinking he was still on the road to Phoenix.
On Sunday the trail led to a deserted house where Hobart had holed up. Ruffner asked a man he'd encountered if he'd try to goad Hobart from the house and into the open. He instantly acceded.
The man approached the house but stopped at the well in front of it. That's all it took to get the disoriented Hobart outside.
With the Winchester he'd used to kill Miller in hand, Hobart appeared and questioned the man about where the nearby roads led. The conversation ended and the man sauntered off. Ruffner emerged from hiding and ordered Hobart to surrender. Instead, the murderer raised his rifle. Seeing this, Under Sheriff Joseph Dillon shouted from the other direction. Hobart wheeled, but Dillon beat him to the trigger. Dillon's buckshot knocked the rifle from Hobart's grasp and injured his right arm. The Keystone Saloon murderer surrendered. He wept when given the sentence of life in prison.
The Keystone Saloon survived another two years before closing after an attempt to transform it into, of all things, a shooting gallery.
Brad Courtney is the author of Prescott's Original Whiskey Row.
"Days Past" is a collaborative project of the Sharlot Hall Museum and the Prescott Corral of Westerners International (www.prescottcorral.org). This and other Days Past articles are also available at www.sharlot.org/library-archives/days-past. The public is encouraged to submit proposed articles to dayspastshmcourier@gmail.com. Please contact SHM Library & Archives reference desk at 928-445-3122 Ext. 14, or via email at dayspastshmcourier@gmail.com for information.
Posted in 2017 By
Tom Schmidt
Wild West to Wild Hollywood


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How to Benefit from Technology as a Non-profit Organization
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Non-profit organizations are providing services to the community using money and time donated by governments, individuals, and corporations. Like any other organizations, they use technology to achieve their goals more effectively. Technology allows them to improve their processes and minimize expenses. All in all, technology makes delivering services to people faster. Here are the most effective technologies at their disposal.
Digital fundraising
By using donor data, non-profit organizations can maximize their marketing fundraising efforts. To make these activities more secure, NPOs can increase the password security policies, replace outdated and open source software, and rely on secure online payment protocols. By adding a 'donate' menu to websites, you can lead donors to sign up and make transfers from their bank accounts or credit cards. In addition, by making requests for donations related to a specific project, you can make donors feel special about their contribution cause.
Digital tech-savvy and experienced marketing professionals should pay special attention to posts made on social media. While inappropriate and irrelevant content should be removed, relevant posts should be shared and promoted across a variety of channels, to promote achievements and activities of NPOs. Networks like Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter are an excellent source of potential donors, members, volunteers, supporters, alumni, etc. With 74% of the world's population older than 18 on social media, the fundraising power of these platforms is enormous. For example, Facebook raised $10 million in just two days for Nepal earthquake relief operations.
their target audience and send appropriate messages to keep them engaged. For example, first-time donors are more likely to be interested in the mission and work of the organizations, where returning donors would rather hear about the progress of the current work. In a way, email marketing allows NPOs a greater deal of automation.
Content marketing has already gained significant momentum across industries, so there's no reason why the non-profit sector should benefit from telling compelling stories. By using elements such as videos, photos, infographics, and testimonials from fundraisers, they can bring the essence of their mission and goals close to the target audience. Not only does high-quality content boost engagement, but also tells a lot about levels of professionalism invested in the cause.
Cloud computing is using the internet to run apps and store data through shared services, and many non-profit organizations already use cloud-based platforms without even realizing it. Processes that nowadays depend on cloud-based services include email, file storage, social networking, donor databases, accounting software, etc. Cloud-supported solutions provide more than just the convenience of being online, so for example cloud-based property management software, apart from being accessible from anywhere and any device, allows its users to connect with a range of property service provider apps in a single seamlessly integrated protocol.
Podcasting and newscasting
Multimedia news providers such as NPR (National Public Radio) distribute high-quality priority news, information, and music programming to a network of 975 independent stations. With 26 million people tuning into NPR podcasts and newscasts weekly, NPR has more potential in reaching people than the total circulation of the top national papers. Non-profit organizations can easily work along NPR's mission to generate a more informed public by providing deeper insights into global events, ideas, and cultures using innovative technologies and digital platforms. By transforming traditional journalism into a multimedia endeavour, this organization has reached numbers of people that many non-profit organizations can only dream of.
Project Management and Team Collaboration
New Story is a small non-profit organization with team members divided between San Francisco and Atlanta, but they also need to oversee the work of their local partners in countries they are present. Project management software they use helps them plan and execute projects that call for collaboration from various departments and making sure everyone is on the same page. Since transparency and communication are values ingrained in foundations of many non-profits, having tools that facilitate communication and information sharing is essential for allowing dispersed teams to work efficiently and keep their work accountable.
Hearing the people's voice
Giving a voice to the unheard is the basis for social justice, and a core aspect of Ushahidi, a non-profit organization behind free and open-source software for information gathering, visualization, and interactive mapping. Justifying its name – which means 'testimony' in Swahili, the initial software allowed Kenyans to document and report cases of violence in real-time, following the disastrous 2008 post-election riots, during which 1,200 people died and hundreds of thousands were displaced. Texts, photos, and tweets sent by citizens helped the organization generate crowd-sourced maps that publicised violence and political abuse on a global scale. Since then, Ushahidi has evolved into an international platform for crises around the world with 35,000 maps generated in 30 languages for 159 countries.
People are more likely to give when asked, and in today's hyper-connected world, giving is increasingly becoming digitalized and peer-driven. People give because they are influenced by others, and non-profits are transitioning to greater automation in reaching their audiences.
Page last edited Jun 13, 2019 — History
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freshwater marsh locations
Bass, Catfish, and Tilapia are among the types of fish found in the areas. There are major differences in the water that is fresh and that with salt. Marshes are especially common at the mouths of rivers. For example, in the Patuxent and Choptank rivers, USA, slightly more than 30% of the total N input at the fall line is permanently removed by low-salinity tidal marshes via burial and denitrification (Merrill, 1999; Malone et al., 2003). Freshwater wetlands are found throughout the lower Florida Keys as a result of our unique limestone geology. Biogeochemistry of Tidal Freshwater Wetlands, J. Patrick Megonigal, Scott C. Neubauer, in, Groszkowski, 1995; Merrill, 1999; Merrill and Cornwell, 2000; Elsey-Quirk et al., 2013; Ensign et al., 2008, 2013; Von Korff et al., 2014, Seitzinger, 1988; Cornwell et al., 1999; Wallenstein et al., 2006, Neubauer et al., 2005a; Gribsholt et al., 2006, Elsey-Quirk et al., 2013; Ensign et al., 2008, 2013; Von Korff et al., 2014, Academy, 1998; Merrill, 1999; Elsey-Quirk et al., 2013, Fazzolari et al., 1998; Christensen et al., 2000; Giblin et al., 2013; Algar and Vallino, 2014, Nijburg et al., 1997; Tobias et al., 2001a,b, Brunet and Garcia-Gil, 1996; An and Gardner, 2002, Lawler, 2005; Richardson and Hussain, 2006, Al-Yamani et al., 2007; Al-Handal and Hu, 2014, Oil Spill Dispersants: A Technical Summary, PACIFIC COAST RIVERS OF THE COTERMINOUS UNITED STATES, Historically, the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley supported some of the largest, Rosaly Ale-Rocha, Ruth Leila Ferreira-Keppler, in, Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). The mosquito is perhaps the most popular of those insects, but not one that very many people are fond of. They are very common at the mouths of rivers and form in areas with mineral soil that drains very slowly. Fluxes of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were low and were attributed to the relatively short hydroperiod (Richards and Craft, 2014). Freshwater Biome Location. (2005, 2006, 2007) presented evidence for coupled nitrification–denitrification in tidal freshwater wetlands; following the addition of a NH4+15 to tidal floodwaters, some of the 15N label appeared in the dissolved N2 and N2O pools (Fig. Even humans benefit from the freshwater biome. They also help to purify water. T.M. However, there is considerable spatial variability between and within tidal freshwater wetlands (Merrill, 1999; Greene, 2005). Fresh water marshes are characterized by soft stemmed plants like grasses and sedges. In fact, some areas of the biome already have, and others are drier than they have ever been, thus at threat of going dry in the very near future. The Freshwater Marsh is a restored wetland that was previously filled and farmed for decades. Beavers, minks, raccoons, and deer are among the types of animals found in wetlands. Maintenance of the site will require continual vigilance to identify and remove invaders before they become established. Key deer, alligators, raccoons, Lower Keys mud turtle, and other species would not be here were it not for these freshwater resources. Kitwe, Zambia. (And Ways to Dispose of), Are Keys Recyclable? A 1 -year-old spill of crude oil in a freshwater marsh near Norman Wells in the Canadian subarctic. Despite this fact, each insect and animal in the freshwater biome plays an important role in keeping the environment sufficient. When integrated over the entire network of tidal freshwater wetlands within an estuary, nutrient removal may be substantial because the small contributions of individual marshes can have a large cumulative impact on water quality. The culmination of these efforts was the establishment of a diverse assemblage of wetland vegetation within 10 years (Figure 11.3(b)). Table 6.7. Nearly 97 percent of the world's water is saline or sea water, while freshwater or surface water makes up roughly 3 percent of the total water supply. There are no studies departing from the traditional lethal aquatic toxicity assay and none that focus on the longer-term effects of short-term exposures. +81-93-512-8510 (operator) Marsh Japan, Inc. Osaka. Within the water proper were rushes, bulrushes, sedges, and cattails. When trees are cut down, there is nothing to anchor the soil to the ground. +260 963 900 167 or +260 963 899 870 or +260 963 900 180. For example, Scarborough and Flanagan (1973) found that microfungal propagules were 17 times more abundant in an oiled soil than in a reference soil at Prudhoe Bay, while yeasts were 20 times as abundant. (And Ways To Protect Peonies), Do Deer Eat Roses? Based on work in other systems, the availability of labile C relative to NO3− (i.e., electron donor: electron acceptor ratio) is important in determining the fate of NO3−, with high organic C availability favoring DNRA (Fazzolari et al., 1998; Christensen et al., 2000; Giblin et al., 2013; Algar and Vallino, 2014) and denitrification increasing in importance at higher NO3− concentrations (Nijburg et al., 1997; Tobias et al., 2001a,b). In two study sites in black spruce (Picea Mariana) boreal forest, the treatment of vegetation with crude oil caused a rapid defoliation of the ground vegetation to 21–37% of the prespray plant cover after 1 month. Subsequently, most of the plants that survived the initial oiling succumbed to normally tolerated winter stress. Since the early 1970s, several research projects have examined the environmental effects of oil and gas development in the Arctic of North America. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124072329000087, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124072329000117, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444638939000198, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124072329000129, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123706263000624, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781856179430100152, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008050577050011X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780120882533500158, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128042236000433, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124072329000051, Odum, 1988; Pringle et al., 1993; Barendregt, 2005, Species commonly planted in restoration projects. Based on laboratory manipulations, denitrification rates increase with increases in water column NO3− (Merrill, 1999; Greene, 2005). There are a variety of snake species which are often heavily populated in lakes, rivers, and marshes, as well as the surrounding areas. Tidal freshwater marshes are much less common than saline tidal marshes, in large part because of their location in the upper part of the estuary, usually far removed from the ocean and at the head of tides where major ports and cities are located. Open-water plants included watercress, Pacific marsh purslane (marsh seedbox), water fern, and duckweeds. In the desert landscape, high salinity and sulfides following reflooding made it difficult to reestablish marsh vegetation (Richardson et al., 2005). The water chemistry in Florida's marshes depends on nearby water sources. There are several ways to. Tidal freshwater marshes (TFMs) are threatened by seawater intrusion, which can affect microbial communities and alter biogeochemical processes. Several studies in Alaska examined the ability of the natural, terrestrial microflora to oxidize petroleum residues. Dessication of the marshes resulted in disappearance of endemic animal species including the smooth-coated otter (Lutra perspicillata) and the barbel (Barbus sharpeyi) (UNEP, 2001). As in other experimental studies of the effects of oil on vegetation, there was initial contact damage that killed foliage and some exposed woody tissues. Because O2 diffusing from roots and across the soil surface can support oxidation in tidal freshwater marsh soils (Neubauer et al., 2005b), denitrification is likely to be coupled to both in situ nitrification and water column NO3− uptake. Streams and rivers are found all across the Earth and travel thousands of miles before they join a ocean. They are found in all types of environments and continents. Some of the animals that live in the Freshwater Biomes include: Snakes are commonly found in freshwater biomes. The water in freshwater marshes is usually one to six feet deep and is rich in minerals. These bodies of water contain freshwater and are free of salt. These regions range in size from just a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers. At one point, these wetlands actually sprawled across half of Florida but development by people have cut it down to only about ten percent now. Saltwater marshes are found in very specific locations in mid to high latitudes with areas of protected ocean coast lines. MARSH_TEMPERATE_FRESHWATER: Temperate Freshwater Marsh 6: MARSH_TEMPERATE_SALTWATER: Temperate Saltwater Marsh 7: SWAMP_TROPICAL_FRESHWATER: Tropical Freshwater Swamp 8: SWAMP_TROPICAL_SALTWATER: Tropical Saltwater Swamp 9: SWAMP_MANGROVE: Mangrove Swamp 10: MARSH_TROPICAL_FRESHWATER: Tropical Freshwater Marsh 11: MARSH… Restored marshes contained more low quality (weedy) species than reference marshes (Hopple and Craft, 2013). This general pattern of effect can be illustrated by the results of field experiments done in the western Canadian Arctic (Table 6.7). Obviously there are animals that live both in the water and on the land of the freshwater biome. Mangrove forests are found in the intertidal zone of tropical coastlines and estuaries, commonly in the tropical coastal … Incorporate microtopographic features into the soil surface as appropriate. With these diversions, the flood pulse of freshwater needed to sustain the marshes was severely muted. Succulent herbaceous vegetation including Pontedaria (pickerelweed), Sagittaria (duck potato), and others are common in the frequently inundated lower elevations. They are important because they serve as fresh source of water for the animals living nearby. Tidal freshwater marshes differ from salt and brackish water marshes in that they are inundated with freshwater only. No need to register, buy now! We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Find the perfect freshwater marsh stock photo. (And What to Do With Old Junk Mail), Can You Recycle Lighters? Similarly, the N models of Bowden et al. Florida's freshwater marshes are non-tidal systems dominated by grasses, sedges and other emergent hydrophytes. Tidal freshwater marshes contain much greater plant species diversity than saline tidal marshes. As annoying as an insect is, they provide other animals a source of food and nutrients and are very important to a freshwater biome area. Water is a much needed good that we all depend upon, whether human, plant, or animal. By September 2005, nearly 39% of the original marsh land was inundated mostly as a result of 2 years of record snowpack melt in the headwaters of Turkey and Iran (Richardson and Hussain, 2006) and a number of species of birds, fish, and macroinvertebrates recolonized the marshes. Higher in the marsh were black, red, and Pacific willows. Roughly 30 percent of this surface water is groundwater, while glaciers and ice caps make up the remaining 70 percent. Mud everywhere, sometimes deep enough to consume a horse, cow, Yugo, or mother-in-law. Other species including Schoenoplectus littoralis, Typha domingensis, and Ceratophyllum demersum also reestablished (Table 12.2) (Richardson and Hussein, 2006). In contrast, Neubauer et al. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that dispersants act physically and irreversibly on the respiratory organs and reversibly, depending on exposure time, on the nervous system. Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "freshwater marsh" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. Results indicated that the anemone lethality test was the most sensitive with LOECs of 20 ppm, followed by mussel feeding rate, seagrass photosynthetic index, and amphipod lethality, with mussel lethality being the least sensitive with LOECs of 250 ppm for both dispersants. Marsh Japan, Inc. Nishinihon Contact Center (Fukuoka) Nihon Seimei Kokura-Sakaimachi Bldg 3Fl. From, Fennessy and Craft, 2011; Marton et al., 2014b. As the rives flow, the width increases and so does the species diversity. Freshwater marshes are often found in open areas near rivers and lakes. Freshwater marshes are a type of wetland that is teeming with both animal and plant life. Oftentimes the plants found in freshwater biomes are unidentifiable to most of us. Compared to cultivated soils in the area, restored marshes contained less soil pH and available P (Marton et al., 2014a), suggesting that land-use legacies, liming and P fertilization, were declining following restoration. By March 2004, nearly 20% of the original 15,000-km2 marsh area was reflooded and common reed, P. australis, quickly reestablished (Richardson et al., 2005). Freshwater Marshes might be called mud holes with plants in them.) Tulare Lake was the largest (1800km2) lake west of the Mississippi River in the mid 1800s (Schoenherr 1992). Long-term recovery of wetland vegetation has been slow and hindered by high levels of salinity as compared to pre-drainage measurements made in the 1970s (Hamdan et al., 2010). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press. In northwestern Indiana, the Nature Conservancy, a global nongovernmental conservation organization, acquired marginal agricultural lands beginning in the late 1990s with the goal of restoring the prairie–oak savanna–freshwater wetland landscape, historically known as the Great Kankakee marsh.
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2020 freshwater marsh locations