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Targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry during subintimal revascularization using the Outback® catheter
K. Rippel ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-09731,
H. Ruhnke1,
B. Jehs1,
J. Decker1,
T. Kroencke1 &
C. Scheurig-Muenkler1
Re-entry devices are used regularly in subintimal recanalization of chronic occlusions of the iliac and femoro-popliteal arteries and significantly contribute to the high success rate of these interventions. However, the use in tibio-peroneal arteries has only been described in few cases so far. The present work is a retrospective evaluation of the Outback® re-entry device for gaining targeted true lumen access at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries.
From 9/2017 until 10/2020 the Outback® catheter was used in case of failed spontaneous re-entry at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries in 14 patients either instead of the usual retrograde approach via a pedal/distal-crural access (n = 11) or in combination with it (n = 3). Baseline demographic and clinical data, morphologic characteristics of the occlusions, procedural succedss, as well as the Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) runoff score before and after revascularization were documented.
All patients (median age: 78 years; range: 66–93) suffered from peripheral artery occlusive disease Rutherford stage 4 to 6 with a median lesion length of 12 cm (range: 7–35). Technical and procedural success was achieved in all 14 patients. The mean re-entry accuracy was 0.25 cm (range: 0–0.8). The SVS runoff score improved from a median of 14.5 (interquartile range IQR: 10.8–16.4) to 7 (IQR: 6.3–7) (p < 0.01).
The use of the Outback® catheter for targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry is associated with a high technical and procedural success rate and should be considered in case of otherwise failed ante- and retrograde recanalization.
As a result of demographic change and increasing life expectancy, the number of mainly older patients with clinically relevant peripheral arterial occlusive disease is increasing (Kreutzburg et al. 2020). The endovascular treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO) of lower limb arteries causing claudication or critical limb ischemia is the treatment of choice nowadays and can be a great challenge (Hardman et al. 2014). Successful passage of the occlusion and subsequent angioplasty is not readily assured. In about 20% of all subintimal recanalizations of femoro-popliteal arteries spontaneous re-entry into the true lumen distally to the CTO fails and thus jeopardizes a successful revascularization (Shin et al. 2011). Re-entry catheters proved to be an efficient adjunct in case of failed spontaneous entry into the true lumen (Schneider et al. 2013). Below-the-knee recanalization of chronic occlusions in patients suffering from critical limb ischemia (Rutherford 4–6) can be even more challenging. The precise re-entry into the true vascular lumen and the avoidance of an unnecessarily long dissection is equally important here. The supporting retrograde probing via a pedal or distal-crural access is elegant and effective (El-Sayed et al. 2016; Bazan et al. 2014). However, retrograde probing may fail or be contraindicated. The aim of the present retrospective analysis is the technical evaluation of the Cordis Outback re-entry catheter (Cordis - a Cardinal Health Company, Santa Clara, CA, USA) for a targeted re-entry in cases where neither antegrade nor retrograde recanalization was reasonably possible. The Outback catheter is by far the best studied re-entry device available, however only about 10 cases of its use in tibio-peroneal arteries were published so far (Diamantopoulos et al. 2018; Aslam et al. 2013; Patrone et al. 2019; Tai and Lee 2015). The local ethics committee approved the retrospective analysis of anonymized patient data in the context of this study. The study was concordantly performed with the ethical standards of the 1946 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
Study design and patient population
In this retrospective study all consecutive patients, who were treated within the 38 months period from September 2017 until October 2020 for CTO by using the Outback® catheter for targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry in subintimal recanalization, were included. Regarding demographic baseline data, age, gender, relevant co-morbidities and clinical stage of peripheral arterial occlusive disease according to Rutherford classification were documented (Hardman et al. 2014; Stoner et al. 2016). In addition, lesion characteristics, such as location and length of the occlusion, the degree of calcification documented as none, mild (< 25% circumference), moderate (25%–50%), or severe (> 50%) and the modified SVS (Society of Vascular Surgery) runoff score were recorded (Stoner et al. 2016). The latter ranges from 1 to 19, with higher values for more severe disease. The patency of the popliteal artery and the three arteries of the lower leg are assessed and any stenoses and occlusions are graduated. A score of 0 corresponds to a vessel with less than 20% stenosis, a score of 1 corresponds to a vessel with 21% to 49% stenosis, 2 corresponds to a vessel with 50% to 99% stenosis, 2.5 corresponds to a vessel that is occluded for less than half of its total length, and 3 corresponds to an occlusion of more than half of the vessel length. The value for the popliteal artery is multiplied by 3 and a value of 1 is added before all 4 vessel values are added. Particular attention was paid to all technical details of the revascularization, like the approach to recanalization, the location of the targeted re-entry as well as the accuracy of the Outback catheter in this respect and the subsequent angioplasty. The technical success of the re-entry manoeuvre itself as well as the overall procedural success defined as successful target vessel recanalization and improvement of wound perfusion were recorded including the achieved modified SVS runoff score. Complications were classified according to the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Classification System for Complications by Outcome (Sacks et al. 2003).
All procedures were performed by one interventional radiologist (CSM) with more than 10 years of experience in vascular interventions and broad expertise in the use of the Outback® catheter, especially in iliac and femoro-popliteal recanalizations. All interventions were performed at a Philips Allura Xper FD 20 angiography system (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). An antegrade approach via the ipsilateral common femoral artery was chosen for nearly all procedures. Only in one case the proximal superficial femoral artery had to be used as point of access due to obesity, punctured by ultrasound guidance. Access was gained using a Mini Access Kit (Merit Medical, South Jordan, UT, US) and after initial digital subtraction angiography of the leg arteries a 6 French sheath was introduced for the subsequent intervention. Under roadmap-guidance careful subintimal probing of the occluded vessel segment was performed using either a diagnostic catheter with a short angled tip (Cordis® Tempo® Vertebral Catheter, Cordis - a Cardinal Health Company, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in combination with an 0.035″ hydrophilic guidewire (Radiofocus® Guidewire M Standard Type, Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), or, in the majority of cases, a low-profile support catheter (0.018″ TrailBlazer™, Medtronic, Fridley, MN, USA) combined with an 0.014″ CTO wire (Hi-Torque Command ES guide wire, Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA). The spontaneous re-entry in the lower leg trifurcation area was unsuccessful in all of the presented cases. In this situation, a retrograde puncture and probing of the target vessel on the lower leg is usually attempted, unless wounds, necroses or extensive edema and inflammation in the pedal or crural access area prevent this. This applied to eight of the presented cases and was already considered during primary probing.
In two cases the distal posterior tibial artery was punctured in a retrograde fashion under ultrasound guidance using a Mini Access Kit. In another case the distal peroneal artery was punctured analogously under fluoroscopic guidance. After successful access, the occlusion was probed using an 0.014″ or 0.018″ Hi-Torque Command guide wire supported by an 0.018″ TrailBlazer catheter. This approach, also known as SAFARI-technique (Subintimal Arterial Flossing with Antegrade-Retrograde Intervention) is mostly successful, but in the three cases presented here no re-entry could be achieved in this way either (Spinosa et al. 2005). Therefore, a modified SAFARI-technique was used by introducing a 2.5 × 40 mm balloon catheter (Pacific Plus, Medtronic, Fridley, MN, USA) from the distal access point without prior placing of a sheath and dilated at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc. The inflation of the balloon at the desired re-entry point with the following repeated probing with the wire did not lead to a successful re-entry. Hence, the Outback® re-entry device (Outback® LTD or Outback® Elite catheter, Cordis - a Cardinal Health company, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was introduced from the femoral access and placed parallel to the anew inflated balloon, which was then punctured directly. An 0.014″ Hi-Torque Command wire was guided into the balloon. When retracting the balloon, the wire could be pushed and pulled successfully further distal into the posterior tibial or peroneal artery, respectively, and finally out of the patient at the distal access point. Afterwards, a new balloon catheter was advanced from the femoral access by guiding it over the 0.014″ pull-through wire for subsequent angioplasty.
In almost all other cases retrograde pedal or distal-crural access was not possible due to above mentioned reasons. Only in one case retrograde access was avoided despite the absence of wounds in the puncture area, as retrograde probing seemed to be less promising due to an upstream occlusion of a femoro-popliteal bypass anastomosed to the distal P3 segment and severe calcification in the area of the trifurcation. Therefore, an 0.014″ Hi-Torque Command wire was advanced to the point of desired re-entry within the subintimal space. The Outback® catheter was then guided to that position. If a subintimal passage of the Outback® catheter was not possible due to friction, a prior balloon angioplasty with a 2 or 2.5 mm balloon was required. The correct positioning of the Outback® catheter was confirmed either by multiple angiographies in differently angled views or by using the plain fluoroscopy in case of heavily calcified vessels. In most cases, the Outback® needle was not fully deployed due to the smaller crural vessel diameter. In three cases, the shape of the needle was used to penetrate the anterior tibial artery in its proximal bend. The possible feeding of the wire with little to no friction in combination with roadmap guidance displaying the course of the target vessel properly was used to verify a successful re-entry. This was further confirmed by inserting a balloon catheter over the wire with the tip distal of the suspected re-entry point for a careful application of contrast agent. Afterwards, the balloon was used for an angioplasty of the entire subintimal tract and the re-entry point for an extended period. In case of residual stenosis due to dissection, recoil or heavy calcification self-expandable nitinol stents or stent-grafts (Astron Pulsar®, Biotronik, Berlin, Germany; sinus SuperFlex-418®, Optimed, Ettlingen, Germany; Supera®, Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA; GORE® VIABAHN®, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Newark, DE, USA) were deployed to secure the result. In one patient a drug-coated balloon was used instead of placing a stent (IN.PACT® Admiral, Medtronic plc, Dublin, Ireland).
According to their distribution, demographic and clinical baseline as well as follow-up data are given either as median with corresponding range or interquartile range (IQR, 25th – 75th percentile) or as mean with corresponding range. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 3.6 (https://www.r-project.org/). Wilcoxon's one-sided signed-rank test for paired samples was used to compare the results of the modified SVS runoff score before and after revascularization. A p-value equal to or below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Patient population and basic lesion characterization
A total number of 14 patients, eleven male and three female, were identified and included in this study. The median age was 78 years (range: 66–93), seven patients (50%) suffered from peripheral artery occlusive disease Rutherford stage 6, five (36%) of stage 5 and the remaining two (14%) of a Rutherford stage 4. The median lesion length amounted to 12 cm (range: 7–35) and included the popliteal artery in ten (71%) out of 14 cases. Target lesion calcification of seven (50%) patients was deemed mild, of four (29%) moderate and of the remaining three (21%) patients severe.
The Outback® was used either instead of the in such cases usual retrograde approach after pedal or distal-crural puncture of the target vessel or in three cases in combination with it. In two cases the Outback® catheter was employed in a second attempt after a previously aborted intervention. During these procedures distal subintimal recanalization failed and also led to a true lumen collapse of the target vessel. Therefore, a new attempt with a modified technique was started in a short interval of 3 days and 4 weeks, respectively, depending on the urgency of revascularization. In the remaining cases the re-entry device was used in the primary intervention. The experience that there are only limited possibilities for revascularisation of the lower leg and foot arteries in cases in which a retrograde access is not possible, influenced the further proceeding. Furthermore, it is important to consider that more aggressive subintimal manoeuvres could ruin the chance of revascularization by forming large dissections leading to a true lumen collapse of the small lower leg vessels. Therefore, probing was done carefully using mainly low-profile catheters and wires and the decision for a targeted re-entry using the Outback catheter was reached early. We identified four different technical scenarios, under which the presented cases can be summarized.
Scenario I (n = 5): Single vessel runoff via the peroneal artery with partial or complete occlusion of the tibio-peroneal trunc as well as considerable atherosclerosis of the further vessel course. Retrograde access was not possible due to massive edema, inflammation and/or extensive wounds. Antegrade subintimal probing failed (Figs. 1 and 2).
a, b and c: initial runoff prior to revascularization showing a chronic occlusion of the popliteal artery and besides collateral vessels a single vessel runoff via the considerably atherosclerotic peroneal artery; the tibio-peroneal trunc is in part preserved and ideal for a targeted re-entry in case of subintimal recanalization d: failed subintimal recanalization with the 0.014″ CTO wire within the subintimal space parallel to the true lumen but with a considerable large distance; a spontaneous re-entry was considered to be highly unlikely and targeted re-entry with the Outback® device chosen to complete the intervention; e: positioning of the Outback® catheter at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc still a few millimeters too high and oriented to the wrong direction; after correct alignment the target lumen was accessed with a single needle deployment; f: balloon angioplasty of the distal popliteal artery, the tibio-peroneal trunc and the proximal peroneal artery after successful re-entry; g and h: final result after placement of a self-expandable stent (Biotronik Astron Pulsar®)
a and b: initial runoff prior to revascularization showing high grade stenoses of the proximal and middle segment and a chronic occlusion of the distal segment of the popliteal artery and the tibio-peroneal trunc with a single vessel runoff via the peroneal artery; careful subintimal recanalization using an 0.014″ CTO wire and a low-profile support catheter failed; c: positioning of the Outback® catheter at the level of the proximal peroneal artery with the 0.014″ wire still within the subintimal space parallel to the true vessel lumen and the device still a few millimeter too high for targeted puncture; the catheter was then advanced parallel to the perfused lumen of the peroneal artery; d: balloon angioplasty of the tibio-peroneal trunc and the proximal peroneal artery after successful re-entry; e and f: final result after successful revascularization
Scenario II (n = 3): Occlusion of the popliteal artery and desired targeted re-entry at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc with the aim of preserving both runoff vessels, the posterior tibial as well as the peroneal artery and not advancing a large dissection down to one of these vessels (Fig. 3).
a and b: initial runoff prior to revascularization showing high grade stenoses of the proximal segment and a chronic occlusion of the middle and distal segment of the popliteal artery; preserved tibio-peroneal trunc and peroneal artery as well as anterior tibial artery, the latter, however, with a small caliber and impaired distal runoff to the foot; well preserved middle and distal segment of the posterior tibial artery as target vessel for restoring flow to the foot while maintaining perfusion of the peroneal artery; c: failed subintimal recanalization with the 0.014″ CTO wire and 0.018″ support catheter; d: targeted re-entry at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc to enable further revascularization of the posterior tibial artery; e and f: angioplasty of the popliteal artery and placement of two Supera® stents; g: successful antegrade probing of the proximally occluded posterior tibial artery and subsequent angioplasty; h and i: final result after successful revascularization
Scenario III (n = 3): Occluded popliteal inflow and single vessel runoff via the anterior tibial artery with preserved proximal vessel bend. Targeted puncture from the subintimal space of the popliteal artery into the course of the proximal anterior tibial artery (Fig. 4).
a and b: initial runoff prior to revascularization showing a chronic occlusion of the popliteal artery, the tibio-peroneal trunc and the proximal segment of the peroneal artery; well preserved anterior tibial artery as primary target vessel for recanalization; retrograde recanalization not possible dur to extensive wounds and inflammation; c: positioning of the Outback® catheter at the ostium of the anterior tibial artery with the 0.014″ wire already extending into the anterior tibial artery, the distal course being better visible due to movement artefacts; d: balloon angioplasty after successful re-entry and placement of a self-expandable stent (Optimed sinus SuperFlex-418®); e: result after angioplasty of the anterior tibial artery and now probing of the tibio-peroneal trunc and peroneal artery through the meshes of the placed stent; f: balloon angioplasty of the tibio-peroneal trunc and the proximal peroneal artery; g and h: final result with a restored two vessel runoff, however, with a dissection of the tibio-peroneal trunc not being flow limiting at the time of angiography, but certainly with a higher risk of re-occlusion
Scenario IV (n = 3): Successful retrograde access of the posterior tibial or peroneal artery but failed access to the true lumen at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc or the distal popliteal artery with subsequent application of the re-entry device assisted SAFARI technique at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc (Fig. 5).
a and b: initial runoff prior to revascularization of the tibio-peroneal trunc and the posterior tibial artery; c: retrograde approach after puncture of the distal posterior tibial artery with failed spontaneous and balloon-assisted re-entry; d and e: positioning of the Outback® catheter from antegrade and placement of the angioplasty balloon from retrograde at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc; hereafter, direct puncture of the balloon and feeding of the 0.014″ CTO wire into the bursted balloon; then retraction of the balloon and continuous feeding of the wire; f: balloon angioplasty of the tibio-peroneal trunc and the proximal posterior tibial artery after successful re-entry; g and h: final result after successful revascularization
The device was employed at the level of the tibio-peroneal trunc in nine cases, three times at the level of the proximal anterior tibial artery and twice at the level of the peroneal artery. In all cases the subsequent angioplasty technique used to secure the point of re-entry and to restore blood flow consisted of plain balloon angioplasty. However, in one case an additional drug-eluting balloon was employed. Furthermore, in nine cases the additional placement of stents at the point of re-entry was deemed necessary, using a 4 mm sinus SuperFlex-418® in three cases, a 4 mm Astron Pulsar in three cases, a 4.5 mm Supera® in another two cases and a 5 mm VIABAHN® in one case. In four of these cases additional stents or stentgrafts were deployed during upstream vessel recanalization. Figure 4 demonstrates the procedural steps of the modified SAFARI-technique with the combined use of a distal-crural access and the antegrade advanced re-entry device.
Evaluation of success
Technical and procedural success was achieved in all 14 patients. Targeted re-entry was successfully achieved with a mean re-entry accuracy of as little as 0.25 cm (range: 0–0.8). The median SVS runoff score improved significantly from 14.5 (IQR: 10.8–16.4) points prior to revascularization to 7 (IQR: 6.3–7) points afterwards (p < 0.01). Figure 6 illustrates the individual improvements of the runoff score for each patient visually on a radial plot. For none of the presented cases a major complication as defined by the SIR classification was documented.
Individual improvements of the SVS (Society of Vascular Surgery) runoff score for each patient visualized on a radial plot with higher values indicating a more severe degree of stenoses and occlusions. Each spoke represents the score of one patient
As of right now the Outback® re-entry device is by far the best scientifically investigated system, especially for its use in the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal region. As numerous studies have shown, the device has a high technical success rate of 87 to 100% when used for femoro-popliteal re-entry and of 91% when employed for an aorto-iliac re-entry (Etezadi et al. 2010; Gandini et al. 2013). Major complications were not described in these studies.
Besides these widely spread forms of use, the Outback® is also established for the fenestration of dissection-membranes during the treatment of aortic dissections (Wolfschmidt et al. 2015). Furthermore, there are some reports about the usage of the Outback® catheter in selected scenarios, e.g. in the retrograde recanalization of the superior mesenteric artery or for a retrograde recanalization of an occluded superficial femoral artery (Patrone et al. 2019; Ben Abdallah et al. 2020).
However, there are only few reports about the application of the Outback® re-entry device below the popliteal level. So far, ten cases have been published (Diamantopoulos et al. 2018; Aslam et al. 2013; Patrone et al. 2019; Tai and Lee 2015). Diamantopoulos et al. described the overall technical success rate of the infragenicular employment of the Outback® as 90%. However, it is not possible to differentiate between technical success rate of the Outback® catheter at the level of the distal popliteal artery and the tibio-peroneal arteries (Diamantopoulos et al. 2018). The technical success rate of all other published cases was 100% (Aslam et al. 2013; Patrone et al. 2019; Tai and Lee 2015).
In the retrospective evaluation at hand, we succeeded in confirming the high technical and procedural success rate, reaching 100% in the 14 presented cases with application of the device at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries. We deliberately refrained from also including distal popliteal applications, as these, although being below the knee, to our experience are technically not different to applications in the above the knee femoro-popliteal arteries. The high success rate may in part be due to the broad experience of the interventionalist. But the system has a short learning curve and with a little experience in the femoro-popliteal area should also be reliably applicable to the lower leg arteries. However, it should by no means serve as a primary option but should be contemplated in cases in which puncture and retrograde probing are not possible. However, there are some technical issues that should be considered, when planning to apply this technique. In order not to jeopardize the possibility of applying the Outback® catheter, subintimal probing at the level of the targeted re-entry should be done carefully using low profile CTO wires and catheters. Large dissections may lead to true lumen collapse or simply confusing luminal relations impeding targeted puncture. In such situations a termination of the intervention and a second attempt a couple of days later should be considered. When applying the catheter, one also must be aware of the considerably smaller distances compared to the femoro-popliteal arteries. The needle should be extended carefully and usually not to its full length. It is also easier to accidentally puncture one of the accompanying veins instead of the artery, which should be ruled out by runoff angiography before angioplasty. Usually, it is enough to perform an angiographic run from the inguinal sheath to verify, whether the advanced wire projects onto the course of the target artery (see, for example, Figs. 3d and 4c). Alternatively, one may remove the Outback® device and advance the desired low-profile balloon into the target artery, retract the wire and perform a runoff visualization via the lumen of the balloon. A noteworthy weakness of the catheter system is its bulkiness. Since the device needs to be advanced far into the lower leg, this usually demands an ipsilateral antegrade access and automatically implies a high stress on the small crural vessels and the surrounding tissue and possibly a higher risk of damage. Despite these potential concerns, the system was applied in all cases similar to those in the previously published studies without any relevant complication, however, mainly in the upper third of the crural vessels close to the trifurcation. Applications more distally are possible, but may fail in cases with very thin, severely calcified or angulated vessel courses. This also has to be considered when planning to use the Outback® catheter as a bail-out-option. Diamantopoulos et al. also presented a case of a very distal and successful application of the Outback® catheter, however, we would recommend avoiding that if possible due to the above-mentioned reasons (Diamantopoulos et al. 2018). Certainly, a prospective evaluation of a large number of consecutive patients would be needed to evaluate all these technical issues and the clinical outcome. However, that would require multicenter studies including many high-volume centers to overcome the rarity of these scenarios.
A viable and less bulky alternative tibio-peroneal re-entry device may be the Enteer® re-entry catheter (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA), for which a dedicated type for below the knee interventions is available and which may be easier to apply in the distal vessels of the lower leg. However, at the time of research, there were no studies available about its efficiency and success rate. In our experience this low-profile device may be effective in case of only mild calcification (scenarios I and II). A targeted puncture of the proximal bend of the anterior tibial artery as in scenario III or the application in the setting of the re-entry device assisted SAFARI technique seems unlikely to work. Furthermore, its use requires the storage and training with yet another catheter, while the Outback re-entry device is already widely spread and needs only minor alterations in its usual application.
In the presented scenarios the Outback® device was used only as a bail out option after failure of the usual strategies like the retrograde revascularization. With a technical success rate of about 95%, combined antegrade-retrograde revascularizations, as described by Spinosa et al. as classic SAFARI-technique, are highly efficient (Spinosa et al. 2005). In three of the in this study described cases, the retrograde approach did not lead to successful spontaneous re-entry and had to be combined with puncturing a balloon catheter advanced from the distal crural access point using the Outback® catheter coming from the femoral access. This procedure was described as assisted SAFARI-technique by Tai and Lee in 2015, who used a Philips Pioneer Plus® catheter, which works similar to the Outback® device, with the exceptions that the needle is not aligned by fluoroscopy but by integrated intravascular ultrasound and that the device is even more expensive. This technique has been described only in few case reports so far, but seems to be a promising salvage technique (Tai and Lee 2015).
Yet, the limitations of our study are clear, as we present a retrospective analysis with the inclusion of just a small group of patients. Hence, the documentation of minor complications and the clinical outcome is fragmentary and therefore not meaningfully evaluable. It is obvious and well known that the restoration of blood flow is the key to symptom control and to limb salvage, however, only larger prospective studies could be able to clarify, whether the use of the Outback® device and the subsequent crural stent placement in a large proportion of patients leads to similar clinical results as the standard techniques.
To reach the essential goal of restoring sufficient blood flow to the foot in patients suffering from critical limb ischemia the use of the Outback® catheter for targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry in case of otherwise failed ante- and retrograde recanalization is a useful salvage option with high technical and subsequently procedural success. In combination with a retrograde access as assisted SAFARI-technique the limits of what is interventionally achievable are extended even further.
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
IQR:
Subintimal Arterial Flossing with Antegrade-Retrograde Intervention
SVS:
Society of Vascular Surgery
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Not applicable. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
K. Rippel, H. Ruhnke, B. Jehs, J. Decker, T. Kroencke & C. Scheurig-Muenkler
K. Rippel
H. Ruhnke
B. Jehs
J. Decker
T. Kroencke
C. Scheurig-Muenkler
KR and CSM conceived and designed the study, supervised the conduct of the trial and data collection. KR, HR and JD analyzed the data. KR and CSM managed the data, including quality control. KR, BJ and CSM interpreted the data. KR drafted the manuscript, and CSM and TK contributed substantially to its revision. KR takes responsibility for the paper as a whole. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to K. Rippel.
The local ethics committee "Beratungskommission Forschung (BKF) Augsburg" approved the retrospective analysis of anonymized patient data in the context of this study.
Rippel, K., Ruhnke, H., Jehs, B. et al. Targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry during subintimal revascularization using the Outback® catheter. CVIR Endovasc 4, 18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42155-021-00206-w
Re-entry device
Targeted re-entry
Below-the-knee
Tibio-peroneal


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PM: State, private sectors must give priority to investment in science, technology
The State and private sectors must comprehend the importance of the investment in science and technology and should prioritize investing in science and technology more effectively.
PM Nguyen Xuan Phuc attends a meeting themed "Science, technology and innovation as a pillar for socio-economic development in Viet Nam" in Ha Noi, May 15, 2019 - Photo: VGP/Quang Hieu
PM Nguyen Xuan Phuc made that statement on May 15 at a meeting themed "Science, technology and innovation as a pillar for socio-economic development in Vietnam" in Hanoi.
At the event, Phuc said that the spending for science and technology in Vietnam only accounts for around 0.44pc of the GDP, lower than the world's average of 2.23pc (Thailand 0.78pc, Singapore 2.2pc, Malaysia 1.3pc and China 2.1pc).
Enterprises should know that research and development is the shortest way to improve competitiveness and head to more sustainable development, he said.
In the future, Vietnam needs to make a change in terms of strategy to boost research and innovation and develop technology in advantageous areas and sectors, he said, asking ministries and sectors to identify science, technology and innovation as a foundation for fast and sustainable development.
The PM required more effective coordination between the State and society in science and technology development and the internal and external resources in science, technology and innovation.
Ministries and localities must uphold awareness and responsibilities in science and technology development, continue completing the legal framework, policies and mechanisms and create new material for fast, inclusive and sustainable development.
The Ministry of Science and Technology is tasked to consult the Government big issues such as proposing policies encouraging and promoting innovation in the private sector, regarding businesses as the center of the innovation system and enhancing connectivity between domestic and foreign innovation networks.
The Government leader requested to develop national products based on new technology and high-tech to form new and high value sectors and products, especially in fields of Viet Nam's advantageous areas such as agriculture, processing industry, information and technology.
Phuc asked for establishing frameworks for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the digital economy, operation of science and technology universities, institutes and centers, considering to set up a national database bank on science, technology and innovation.
The PM stressed the need to build policies to attract more foreign and domestic specialists, especially Overseas Vietnamese scientists as well as apply the public–private partnership (PPP) model to call on enterprises to join in innovation activities.
PM Nguyen Xuan Phuc science and technology technology private sectors
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Latest News ⁄ Investing
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Future of footwear kicked up a notch
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New thermal power plant helps soothe Vietnam's thirst for electricity
Supporting industry strategies voiced
Favourable factors allure Japanese groups (08:00 | 18/07/2019)
Railway stake sales on track (21:00 | 17/07/2019)
PM hopes for comprehensive cooperation with Germany (19:00 | 17/07/2019)
The path towards Vietnam's energy security (17:00 | 17/07/2019)
Bolder moves to capture gains of new FDI strategy (15:02 | 17/07/2019)
Logistic booms with million-dollar deals, foreign firms look to spread (12:03 | 17/07/2019)
The southern provinces of Vietnam will receive many billion-dollar FDI projects (11:33 | 17/07/2019)
MPI rolls out milestone Whitebook (08:00 | 17/07/2019)
Experts applaud MPI's proposal for North-South High-Speed Railway (16:18 | 16/07/2019)
Tech alliance to spur logistics (17:46 | 15/07/2019)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Covestro adopts a holistic approach to circular economy
Invest carbon in developing innovative products
Keep a product at its highest value level as long as possible
Countries worldwide have been devoted to protecting the environment in order to leave the next generations a greener future. Echo to this trend, Taiwan authorities have adapted the circuar economy model and initiated the first stage of a ban on single-use plastic straws aiming to eliminate any excessive waste. To keep promoting the circular economy concept, Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA) today hosted a 2019 Circular Economy Industry Summit and invited Angelina Prokofyeva, Head of Sustainability of Greater China at global materials manufacturer Covestro to share how the company has adopted a holistic approach and its successful cases so far that aim to close the carbon loop via her keynote speech.
Today's industries are mostly made up of a linear economy, which is a 'take, make, dispose' model of production. The problem is that these linear economies deplete finite resources in order to make products that are simply thrown away, which leads to negative impacts on the environment and human health. Unlike a linear economy, a circular economy is a regenerative system in which resource input and waste, emissions and energy leakage are minimized by slowing, closing and narrowing energy and material loops. For example, once a biological or synthetic material is used by a certain industry, a circular economy will seek to optimize its use with higher quality and greater longevity. When the products made from these synthetic materials have reached the end of their lifecycle, they can be disassembled and their components reused or recycled.
Not only about recycling
However, if we continue to produce as much as we have done in the past and simply attempt to recycle it all, the loop cannot be closed. This is particularly the case in the high-performance plastics industry, where cradle-to-cradle recycling is not currently well developed. In a broader sense, the aim of a circular economy is the improvement of resource efficiency and the prevention of waste creation and misuse of natural resources in order to deliver a low carbon economy.
"As for Covestro, we strive to reduce negative impacts on the environment and meanwhile strengthen value added for the benefit of society", said Prokofyeva. "We believe in the 'People, Planet, Profit' principle for doing business more sustainably and will achieve our purpose of making the world a brighter place."
CO2 as a raw material
Meanwhile, a circular economy also allows to invest carbon in developing a product and then realizing the potential energy of that product at the end of its life. For instance, due to an innovative technology, Covestro is able to utilize CO2 as feedstock material for the production of polyurethane components. Another special technology (Oxygen Depolarization Cathode, ODC) helps to use less energy in the very energy-intensive production of chlorine which is a crucial basic chemical for the platics industry.
To keep promoting the concept of a circular economy, Covestro believes a more holistic approach should be considered among the industries and end users. "It is important that we keep a product at its highest value level for as long as possible and do not run in circles as fast as possible", Prokofyeva underscored. "To Covestro, this means that products, applications, production, logistics and processes, as well as innovation, are all sustainable and the whole chain will help close the loop."
With 2018 sales of EUR 14.6 billion, Covestro is among the world's largest polymer companies. Its business activities are focused on the manufacture of high-tech polymer materials and the development of innovative solutions for products used in many areas of daily life. The main segments served are the automotive, construction, wood processing and furniture, and electrical and electronics industries. Other sectors include sports and leisure, cosmetics, health and the chemical industry itself. Covestro has 30 production sites worldwide and employs approximately 16,800 people (calculated as full-time equivalents) at the end of 2018.
This press release is available for download from the Covestro press server at www.covestro.com. Photos are available there for download as well. Please acknowledge the source of any pictures used.
Find more information at www.covestro.com.
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/covestro


The contributions of the paper are threefold: i) compare with mathematical rigour the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes DEA model and the Farrell model exhibiting constant returns to scale, ii) reinterpret the contribution of Farrell and Fieldhouse that extended the analysis to variables returns to scale and establish the connection with the approach in Banker, Charnes and Cooper, iii) provide graphical visualisation of properties of the frontier function. Both papers by Farrell emphasised the importance of graphical visualisation of non-parametric frontier functions, but, to our knowledge, this is seldom followed up in the literature. We use a graphical package (EffiVision) with a numerical representation of the frontier functions, representing the contemporary development of visualisation. By making suitable cuts through the DEA frontier in multidimensional space, various graphical representations of features of economic interest can be done. Development of ray average cost function and scale elasticity are novel illustrations.


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Tribute Archive
Tony Lee Smith

Tony Lee Smith, 76, of Greenup, IL passed away at 1:30 PM, Wednesday, January 13, 2021 at the Casey Health Care Center.

A drive by memorial visitation will be held at the Casey Saddle Club in Casey’s Fairview Park on Sunday January 24th, 2021 from 2:00 to 4:00 pm. Please enter the park from the S.E. 6th St. entrance. The Barkley Funeral Chapel in Greenup, IL is assisting the family.

Tony was born on February 20, 1944 in Casey, IL to Howard & Edema (Darling) Smith. He married Mary Alice Weir on September 11, 1964. Surviving is his wife; son Marlen Smith of Greenup; daughters Toni (Mike) Mullen of Casey and Laura (Matt) Morecraft of Charleston, IL; sisters Vera (Henry) Carr and Hanna (Mike) Keller; grandchildren Austin (Courtney) Smith, Amber (Clayton) Tipsword, Stephen Smith, Hunter Smith, Calista Taylor, Megan Morecraft, Madison Morecraft, and Emma Morecraft; and 4 great grandchildren. Tony was preceded in death by his parents; two brothers Jim and Howard Smith and a sister Thelma Joyce Smith.

Tony was a heavy equipment operator for over 25 years. He was a continually active member of the Casey Saddle Club. In lieu of flowers memorials donation can be made to the Casey Saddle Club Box 628 Casey, IL 62420.

Online condolences can be expressed at www.barkleyfuneralchapels.com
 Greenup, Illinois
February 20, 1944 - January 13, 202102/20/194401/13/2021
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Tony Lee Smith, 76, of Greenup, IL passed away at 1:30 PM, Wednesday, January 13, 2021 at the Casey Health Care Center.
A drive by memorial visitation will be held at the Casey Saddle Club in Casey's Fairview Park on Sunday January 24th, 2021 from 2:00 to 4:00 pm. Please enter the park from the S.E. 6th St. entrance. The Barkley Funeral Chapel in Greenup, IL is assisting the family.
Tony was born on February 20, 1944 in Casey, IL to Howard & Edema (Darling) Smit...
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Whole30 Tuna: 3 Compliant Brands & Creative Tuna Recipes!
We're always on the lookout for simplicity and ease when it comes to Whole30. Meal-prepping and recipe-searching can be so overwhelming, sometimes all you want to do is have something to eat, fast. That's where canned tuna comes in.
Tuna is the ultimate emergency food. It's easily packaged in a can so there's virtually no prep to be had and it is packed with healthy proteins and fats that will keep you full and your tummy happy. Tuna is awesome because it's high in Omega-3s, minerals like iodine and selenium, and vitamins like A, B6 and folic acid.
Should I Be Worried About Mercury?
Unfortunately, tuna gets a bad reputation because of its association with mercury and the health concerns from exposure to heavy metals.
Luckily, you can minimize the risk simply by knowing which breeds are least affected. When looking for tuna, keep an eye out for yellowfin and albacore, as these are generally the breeds that, when tested, are reported to have the lowest mercury levels.
While it's not recommended to eat tuna more than a couple times a week, being mindful of which types of tuna you buy is a great step to take to reducing mercury exposure.
Other Than Mercury…What Should I Look For?
Once you work through which type of tuna you want to buy, it's time to nail down the label-reading part of the process.
Canned tuna, like any other canned food, often has additives tucked away in the ingredient list that are not so Whole30-friendly. The main culprits to look for are soy, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and banned oils like vegetable or soybean oil.
Many canned tuna varieties are packed in oils to give them extra flavor and fat content. It's important when browsing canned tuna varieties to either make sure your tuna is packed in water or Whole30-compliant oil, such as olive oil.
Safe Catch Tuna. This brand is Whole30's official canned tuna recommendation because not only are all of the ingredients compliant, but it also has the lowest mercury levels of any tuna on the market and is fished using sustainable practices. Awesome!
Trader Joe's Albacore Tuna in Water.This canned tuna only contains tuna and water and is easily found at your nearest Trader Joe's as well as online. When doing a Whole30, sometimes simple is best!
Wild Planet Wild Albacore. This brand comes in BPA free cans, is sustainably caught, and its only ingredients are tuna and sea salt.
Tuna salad can be as simple as emptying a can of tuna into a bowl and mixing with some salt, pepper, and your favorite Whole30 mayo and spooning it into romaine leaves for an easy lunch.
If you have leftover fresh herbs from another recipe, chopping them up and throwing them in your tuna salad is a great way to make sure they don't go to waste!
Spice things up with these Spicy Tuna Cakes from Nom Nom Paleo!
Who doesn't love avocado? Pair Whole30 favorites tuna and avocado together for a simple twist on a tuna cake with 4 Ingredient Tuna Avocado Cakes from Rachel Mansfield.
Feel very European with this Whole30 twist on a classic French salad from Tastes of Lizzy T.
Is canned tuna your Whole30 savior food? What's your favorite way to mix it up? Let us know in the comments below!


The NAB Challenge is finally underway, and Tbetta is joined by Jeppa in Joondalup to watch the pre-season derby and chat about the all the fantasy relevant players so far.
We're now into the NAB Challenge games, so we've finally got some concrete data to sift through and tons of fantasy relevant players to ponder.
Jeppa (@JeppaDT on Twitter) joined me in Joondalup to watch the pre-season Derby – and the Eagles reign victorious – before we headed back to DT Talk HQ to bring you the Newsdesk, recap the West Coast/Freo game and discuss all the relevant players from the NAB Challenge thus far.
Thanks heaps TBetta, great podcast. What did you think of Jamie Cripps? He got his 99 of 70% of TOG. Valuable pick at 298k in Fantasy? Looked solid or was it just a flukey?
Cripps is a talented dude, but he's shackled playing a Mid/Fwd role, much like DeBoer at Fremantle. Awkward price, will have different defensive jobs from week to week… it's a pass from me.
Loving the podcast lads and quality fantasy input from jepp and Tbetta. hey just wondering everyone's thought on R1….. With unlimited trades in Rd2 woudnt you load up your side for round 1 as much as you could. evenly spread players right across. So your Rd2 side would be alot different to Rd1. Or would we just get burned trying to load up a side with our minimum salary to start with.


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Tagged: 'asylum' seekers Toggle Comment Threads | Keyboard Shortcuts
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, electronic tagging ( 3 ), Illegal alien sex predator ( 4 )
Electronic Tags For Crimmigrant Curs? OK – If Embedded In BIG Collars!
What's required, of course, is to get some real policing, haul the politically correct constabulary…
…off their knees and have them saturate areas where 'asylum' aliens are known to flock.
Cops usually DO know likely target areas for corralling criminals, make no mistake.
Apart from being a good idea in itself, having police go after the swine mob-handed is an idea alluring also because of the storm of shrilling…
…it would provoke from the vilest elements in the land, the pro-crimmigrant media rats, the over-paid legalice…..
….and the agitprop 'charities' and 'NGOs' which we have identified often enough.
But when the undesirables are tagged, the tags should NOT be attached to some inconspicuous body part, not their wrists or ankles.
There should be a large distinctive crimmigrant-collar….
…so that, wherever they go, prudent British people will watch over their daughters, to safeguard them against the fate that has befallen young women elsewhere…
They were all asylum seekers!" Told You So!
Cologne Migrant Who Licked And Groped Girls Laughs As He Walks
…when they found themselves in the vicinity of so-called 'asylum' seekers!
Amanda Adams and Petra Malley are discussing. Toggle Comments
Petra Malley 22:08 on June 19, 2022 Permalink | Reply
I would much prefer it if Johnson and Patel displayed just a few grains of responsibility and stood up for Britain against that ECHR.
However, since that is as probable as my next birthday being my 21st, the tagging is an acceptable short-term measure.
Your suggested improvement is, if I may say so, delectable.
Amanda Adams 00:33 on June 20, 2022 Permalink | Reply
Love that collar, but why not tattoo them on their foreheads, a great big A, as well.
Better still, kick them out as any sane government would have done long ago.
ross1948 18:12 on October 3, 2020 Permalink | Reply
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, collaborator media cover-up ( 5 ), crimmigrant arson ( 8 ), fake 'refugees' ( 71 ), Penally Wales ( 8 ), police cover-up ( 18 )
'Asylum' Arson? Massive UK Police/Press Cover-Up?
Arson is a serious crime in any country, and the people of Penally, in Wales, have the right to know who's the fire-bug in their midst.
But although the arsonist was caught and brought to whatever passes for 'justice' these days, there's not a scrap of info about him in the media, nor do the Welsh cops seem to be very forthcoming.
We know he was 'arrested on suspicion of arson at that 'asylum centre' aka crimmigrant camp, we know that he's 29 years old…
…but apart from that, we know NOTHING!
Because rather than put the perp on trial so the public know what happened…
.A police spokesperson said today (Friday, October 2): "The man arrested has been dealt with by way of an adult community resolution (ACR), a form of restorative justice." https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/18767007.penally-camp-arrest-dealt-community-resolution
…a sly procedure defined as 'adult community resolution' has been used, so 'no further charges will be brought.'
So much for British justice!
Was it a crimmigrant?
BBC Excuses Lesbos Parasites' Arson
More 'Refugee' Arson And Violence In Greece!
Migrants Amok – Malta Reaps Another Little Whirlwind!
You can see one fake-refugee amok-run for yourselves on the video link. https://www.rt.com/news/471416-malta-detention-center-riot
We know fake-refugees have a reputation for arson.
If it was one of the inmates, clearly he's unfit to remain in a civilised country, so has the deportation process been started to kick the undesirable alien out?
Don't hold yer breath!
Let's ask ourselves – if the arsonist were some patriot protester outside the gates who lost his temper and did criminal damage, he'd have been hauled over the coals…
…a big show-trial for fake 'hate-crimes,' and his name would be all over the BBC and the rest of the rotten media!
Amanda Adams and Vanessa R are discussing. Toggle Comments
Vanessa R 19:13 on October 3, 2020 Permalink | Reply
Once more the great investigative journalists in our prostituted press show they only investigate whom its politically correct to investigate.
We are in your debt for making an issue of this.
Amanda Adams 00:11 on October 4, 2020 Permalink | Reply
I never noticed that this story just slipped off the radar and that was probably what the cover-up was intended for.
Hide the fact that a crimmigrant set fire to his free housing within days of moving in, or people might demand this government takes serious action.
Too right he should be deported.
So should they all.
ross1948 09:35 on September 1, 2019 Permalink | Reply
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, Afghan savages ( 17 ), France ( 45 ), Le Muppet Macron ( 107 ), Lyon ( 3 ), Mama Stasi Merkel ( 450 ), violent 'asylum' parasites ( 57 )
More Blood On Macron's Hands!
At least one French leader, Marine Le Pen, of the National Rally, talked sense in the aftermath of another outrage committed by a filthy 'asylum' savage.
Marine didn't hold her anger back –
"The naivety and laxity of our migration policy seriously threatens the safety of the French people".
But is it actually naivety?
Just as Mama Stasi Merkel has refused to take any steps to reverse the barbarous tsunami she inflicted on Germany in 2015…
…so too has her comrade Muppet Macron continued his catastrophic failure to start the mass deportation of undesirable aliens, despite the horrific atrocities perpetrated on French people by sectarian scum, at the Bataclan, in Nice, in Carcassonne…
Explosion in St. Denis? Obama Abets The Enemy!
Paris's Midwich Cuckoos – Primitive Pigs Dishonour Hebdo Dead!
'State Of Siege' In Carcassonne's "Sensitive" Zone!
Why Won't Reuters Name The Satanic Deportee?
Vermin Outbreak In Marseilles – Start Deportations Now!
…and now, for the second time in barely a year, in Lyon…
…where a man wielding a skewer and knife went on the rampage in the French city of Lyon on Saturday, leaving a 19-year-old man dead and at least eight others injured, including three critically.
Last year it was an Algerian swine, who had 'pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group, according to his confession.'
https://www.france24.com/en/20190831-one-dead-several-wounded-knife-attack-near-lyon
Police are saying that this time the 'frenzied' attacker is an 'Afghan asylum-seeker.'
You can read the shocking details that took place on the above link, but what you, we, everyone should be reading, or re-reading, are the reports we have covered, of how Macron, as one of the Brussels Empire's Dirty Dozen…
Inciting Illegals – Europe's Dirty Half-Dozen, Again!
…has been unloading even MORE illegals at French harbours and airports,
The savages who seek to slaughter the French are indeed evil.
They deserve the death penalty, which Macron, a Europhiliac to his boot-heels, will do nothing to restore.
But what about the lousy politicians who knowingly open the gates to such lawless lice?
Jeanne is discussing. Toggle Comments
Jeanne 20:05 on September 1, 2019 Permalink | Reply
Marine is the only chance France has. Macron cares nothing forbthecFrench.
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, Caloziocorte, child-molestors ( 11 ), crimmigrants ( 488 ), drug gangsters ( 4 ), Italy ( 162 ), Lega ( 10 ), Marco Ghezzi
A Sensible Italian City Safeguards Its Children!
Good to read of a wise Italian mayor who wants to keep his citizens' children safe from harassment.
An Italian town has been called "shameful" and "unconstitutional" after banning reception centres for asylum seekers from being placed near schools…
Needless to say, pinko shrills, those ever-eager to facilitate the importation of unwanted aliens, are raising a ruckus….
…about the mayoral plan for 'asylum' centres to be restricted – they must not be "within 150 metres of schools…" in the small city of Calolziocorte.
Hardly far enough, one might think' when the safety of children is at stake…
Yet the pro-crimmigrant lobby is verging on hysteria.
Some pinko bleater named Senator Andrea Marcucci said it was "apartheid, an abomination that must be stopped …
Marcucc
…while another senator, also from Red Renzi's 'Democratic Party,' a ranter called Eugenio Comincini, described the council's modest proposal as 'scandalous' and 'disgraceful ghettoization.'
. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/12/italy-town-calolziocorte-bans-asylum-seeker-centres-near-schools
…but few caring parents will disagree with Signor Marco Ghezzi, who's a member of Matteo Salvini's patriot party.
Mayor Marco
He's concerned that, following on from a situation in a nearby community, the so-called welcome centres could be havens for drug dealing.
That might be the least risk they pose.
No way of knowing if the people of Calolziocorte may have heard of the filthy young savages who made German school-girls' lives a misery…
German Girls Forced Into Shariah Dress-Code By Sex-Pest Syrian Ingrates!
…but it stands to reason that they must be aware of the nightmare record of violence and molestation inflicted on Italian women of all ages…
Milan's NAFRI Fright Night! C'mon, Italy, ACTION – Now!
52% OF RAPES IN ROME COMMITTED BY IMMIGRANTS, 59% IN MILAN, 40% IN ITALY – Italy Infested With 'Asylum' Predators!
Rome – Somali Pig Sexually Assaults Woman Giving Birth!
Retired Couple 'Slaughtered Like Goats!'
Another Filthy Rapist Savage?
Afghan Pig Rapes Pensioner – Police Cover-Up 'Sensitive' Crime!
…and indeed not just old and young ladies also young boys, in neighbouring Austria –Don't Dirty Little Pigs Belong In An Abattoir! – and in the UK –Rapes 12-Year-Old Boy – Deportation 'A Possibility?'
If a country is deranged enough to import primitive predators, that's what'll happen.
Eric Dowd and Vanessa R are discussing. Toggle Comments
Vanessa R 19:20 on April 15, 2019 Permalink | Reply
We could do with a few British mayors like Ghezzi.
Instead we have that abysmal Mayor of London, and that drip in Birmingham.
It's hard not to think about the cowardice of the police and the local government pen pushers in Rotherham.
Why do UK authorities go out of their way to designate the welfare of British children as less important than the sensitivities of people who shouldn't even be in Britain?
Eric Dowd 03:33 on April 16, 2019 Permalink | Reply
We had an English Democrat mayor in Doncaster for a while and he used to talk a lot of sense but what Vanessa says is true, Italian mayors do seem much better.
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, crimmigrant deportations ( 44 ), death penalty. ( 32 ), Freiburg ( 2 ), gang-rape ( 11 ), German media bias ( 49 ), Mama Stasi Merkel ( 450 ), Syrian refugees ( 20 )
Freiburg – Savages Deserve Not Deportation But Death!
Usually I take the view that 'asylum' pigs who commit crimes should simply be deported back to the countries they came from, where the mind-set that leads to sex offences is part of the culture.
But this latest report on the horror that Mama Stasi Merkel has inflicted on yet another young German woman…
…is so repulsive that the only proper punishment is death.
Thanks to the German ruling class's subservience to Brussels and Strasbourg, which both have diktats against capital punishment engraved on their respective anti-democratic tablets of stone, justice will not be done.
So what I will focus on today is the question of paramount importance…
The Syrian suspects are between 19- and 29-years old, while the German is 25, the police said, providing no further details of the suspects' identities. "Almost all the… suspects have been previously known to police," the statement said, without revealing the exact nature of their previous misdemeanors.
Ill-written, yes, for to speak of 'previous misdemeanours' implies that the current crime (for which they may or may not be found guilty) is just the latest misdemeanour, rather than a gross and abominable gang-rape.
Why were these crimmigrants not deported the very first time they abused the hospitality of the German tax-payers?
THAT would have precluded any further risk of them committing ANY further offences on German soil.
,https://www.rt.com/news/442421-germany-gang-rape-migrants/
Inge S, Jerry Jerman, and Annelie Neumann are discussing. Toggle Comments
Annelie Neumann 20:55 on October 27, 2018 Permalink | Reply
Certainly the gang-rapers deserve to die but it is Merkel who has the true guilt for this.
I do not mean only for opening Germany to so many dangers but also for her not deporting those who our police have known as criminal already.
Germany was safe once but she has made it everywhere unsafe.
Jerry Jerman 22:33 on October 27, 2018 Permalink | Reply
Millions of us will never forgive Merkel for all this terror and violence she has invited into Germany.
She should burn in hell for what she has done.
Inge S 00:04 on October 28, 2018 Permalink | Reply
Thank you for your words of support for us Germans.
I dream of the morning when we may wake to read Merkel is no more the chancellor. She has been like a curse on our people.
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, Bowe Bergdahl ( 4 ), crimmigrant ( 8 ), Donald Trump ( 165 ), impeachment ( 10 ), Milo Cerar, Slovenia ( 15 ), trial ( 7 )
Slovene Pro-Crimmigrant PM Faces Patriot Backlash!
The prime minister of Slovenia, Miro Cerar, one of the few liberal leaders in central and eastern Europe, is facing impeachment over his support for a Syrian asylum seeker who is facing deportation.
Very unfortunate, that Slovenia has a liberal in power, but liberal or not, in this matter he doesn't have a leg to stand on, since the Syrian's asylum claim was rejected this summer by the Slovenian courts,
Because, like so many others, he failed to follow the rules, that they have to claim 'asylum' in the first EU country they reach, in his case Croatia.
Not only is the damned liberal PM flaunting his indifference to the law…
….but two arrogant leftist MPs, Jan Škoberne and Mihe Kordiš, behaved even more badly, deliberately obstructing law enforcement by taking the crimmigrant out of the legislature building to prevent the police from taking him away.
That subversive duo should be arrested, charged, tried and if convicted, put in jail.
More interesting, however, is the move by the opposition to have Cerar impeached.
Even more interesting is the way the Guardian tries to slur the opposition leader, the Slovenian Democratic Party's Janez Janša, who, we are gratuitously warned, was sentenced to two years in prison on corruption charges in 2013…
…but then they have to admit that the case against Jansa was dismissed by the constitutional court!
Slovenia PM facing impeachment over support for refugee
It's the double standard of the left media that is most interesting of all, though.
Much was made of Donald Trump's pre-trial comments on Obama's pet traitor, Bergdahl.'
Sgt. Bergdahl's Sentence May Be Lighter Because of Trump ..
Bowe Bergdahl gets dishonorable discharge, avoids prison time – In February, Bergdahl's defense team argued he was unable to have a fair trial after Donald Trump became president because of comments .
Bowe Bergdahl gives emotional statement at sentencing hearing … Then-Republican nominee Trump repeatedly called Bergdahl a traitor …
Bowe Bergdahl pleads guilty, doubts could get fair trial under Trump …
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
President Trump was only doing what he does so well, saying what most honest Americans think!'
Yet the traitor's lawyer, and the running-dogs in the pinko press, seized the opportunity to make a huge fuss that The Donald was speaking while the case was sub judice.
Now, in Slovenia, Cerar has done exactly the same thing, but there's not a hint of disapproval from the rat-pack!
The Guardian hack repeatedly quotes ANONYMOUS Cerar henchmen – 'government sources'….
Government sources claim the opposition to Cerar's support of Shamieh is a "staged case" designed to destabilise the government in the run-up to national elections next year..
..Slovenian government sources further claimed that the issue had been politicised by both the left and the right to destabilise Cerar's government in the lead-up to next's years parliamentary elections.
Needless to say, no balancing amount of printer's ink get splashed around challenging the gutless no-names determined to muddy the waters.
Aaah, the joys of biased hackery!
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, crimmigrants ( 488 ), Danish People's Party, Denmark ( 58 ), disloyal Islamists ( 37 ), election ( 45 )
Bravo, Denmark – And Red Faces at Red Euronews!
The Danish people have voted and many of them have voted for the patriot Danish People's Party.
All but the most tone-deaf media have acknowledged that the critical issue was immigration. Asylum and integration take election spotlight You can check out that link from earlier this month, and look at this, much more recent one.
…the two main established parties — the centre-left Social Democrats and centre-right Liberals — are fighting it out on who can sound the toughest.
"If you come to Denmark, you have to work," says a poster from the Social Democrats.. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d9c90e48-1113-11e5-8413-00144feabdc0.html
And it sounds very much as if Danish migration controls have been as gullible mugs –Denmark grants asylum to 90% of all applications – as the Australian Review system has been over the years!
'A Soft Touch!' Truth Will Out on Asylum Parasites! Oz Officials 'Know You're Lying' but 'You'll Be Fine!'
'Asylum' bludgers don't travel thousands of miles to work, for pity's sakes!
Look at those louts in Ventimiglia, who have passed the whole long length of Italy, desperate to get into France, and why?
Because they want to get their greedy snouts into the richest benefit trough – Great Britain's.
Not unlike Denmark's – Yummy benefits for alien wasters!
So that makes the Socialist ad something of an oxymoron.
But their leader is no moron.
Helle Thorning-Schmidt's smart!
She suddenly began speaking up for her own country instead of crimmigrants, and was widely expected to reap rewards on polling day.
Talking tough on immigration, which many Danes cite as a top concern, Ms. Thorning-Schmidt has tightened restrictions on refugees entering and staying in Denmark. Danish Premier's Shift on Immigration Tightens Election Race
True, the Liberals offered "an immediate stop [to the] huge influx" of asylum seekers, but if they are described as 'centre-right,' the way media describe Cameron's phoney conservative outfit, would anyone take them on trust?
Or would the DPP, the only party which has talked sense throughout, be seen as the best bet?
Well, Danes are smart too. In huge numbers, they rallied to the party which means what it says.
Danish far-right second largest party in general election
DPP's Kristian Thulesen Dahl sings a song of victory – a lot of Danes joined in!
The DPP and the Liberals between them clearly outnumber Helle's Socialists, so Danes can now look forward to a much saner approach – although there are wets in the Liberal Party, there are some fine people there too, like this lady –
Inger Støjberg
Inger Støjberg criticises Danish Muslims who actively try to shield themselves from Danish values and norms and who think that their religious beliefs should not be allowed to be mocked.
Denmark, she says is the land of the Danes and you are more than welcome to become a Dane and take part in the work and community,"
"But to those Muslims who constantly work against us, constantly question us, are unsatisfied, encourage going to holy war in Syria, commit honour killings, belittle our values, flag or way of living –
Scandinavian flags, symbolic of their heritage
– to all of you: Go and find somewhere else to live. No one is forcing you to stay. We accepted you and now it's up to you to show the necessary respect for our society and the values it is built upon…. https://rossrightangle.wordpress.com/2013/07/20/danish-doll-tells-islamists-go-home/
With this gal on board, the Danish longship should make progress against disloyal ratbags, who may finally be sent packing. Like their counterparts in the United Kingdom, scum like Qureshi and Choudary, they wifully withhold the allegiance due to Denmark's Queen and Country.
Root the swine out!
And clearly many fewer such undesirables will be admitted.
However, listening to Euronews last night, you'd not be aware of how Ms. Helle was trying to claw back support by making patriotic noises. Nor ANY mention of the DPP's message, which clearly struck a cord across the nation.
Euronews's shallow analysis missed out the BIG issue altogether – today they have no choice but describe the DPP result as 'impressive,' and explain why
IMMIGRATION!
I hope there are a lot of red faces there today. But probably not. Their omission was surely no accident but rather strategy. Ignore patriotism and it will go away.
Never trust Pravda.
That's how I refer to Euronews, because it resembles the Soviet-era newspaper. Despite the original Russian word meaning TRUTH, Pravda then was a servile but sedulous servant of a lying ideology.
Just like Euronews today!
ross1948 20:26 on March 1, 2015 Permalink | Reply
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, America ( 47 ), Boston bombing ( 2 ), Death penalty ( 171 ), Dzhokhar Tsarnaev ( 6 ), Islamist jihadists ( 10 ), Massachusetts ( 10 ), Obama ( 148 ), Syrian refugees ( 20 ), terrorism ( 195 ), USA ( 442 )
'Asylum'-Seeker Bomb Suspect Loses Latest U.S Court Dodge
The 'asylum'-seeker accused of the Boston Bomb mass-murder atrocity has lost his latest legal manoeuvre to change the venue of his trial.
That's neither good news nor bad news, I suppose, but a timely moment to remind people that he's being tried under US federal, not Massachusetts law. http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/28/us/tsarnaev-trial-venue/
What's the diff? Simple.
Tsarnaev
Massachusetts is one of those states where decadents managed to abolish proper punishment for criminal monsters – there's no death penalty.
Of course we can't predict whether Dzhokhar Tsarnaev will be convicted or acquitted of the terrorist bombing. But if he is, then there should be no delays in putting him down.
Anyone proven guilty of such a heinous crime deserves death, of course. But all the more so if it turns out the perp is somebody who came to America for sanctuary and so shamelessly showed the vilest ingratitude for the 'asylum' he sought and was granted.
And of course, all this should be a constant reminder to everyone who cares about America (which of course excludes the current occupant of the White House) that affording 'asylum' to people who simply want to leech off US tax-payers is insane. In and of itself, yes, but also…
Because, embedded in the massive moocher migration, there will undoubtedly be plenty of evil undesirables, driven, not like most of them, by the urge to get snouts in the trough...
…but to put honest American citizens in the ground.
With Obama planning to import thousands of Syrians, it goes without saying that jihadists galore will soon be on the way to the USA.
Obama To Welcome Syrian Terrorists to USA?
Australia's Tony Abbott seems to have woken up to the enormity of the problem of phoney 'asylumers.'
'Asylum' Interview? "Just Make It Up!"
Let's hope Americans – and Canucks and Brits – do so too.
Ian Innes is discussing. Toggle Comments
Ian Innes 09:50 on March 2, 2015 Permalink | Reply
Fair warning has been issued. But it looks as if Obama just goes ahead regardless, congress, courts, people, nobody gets in the way of his plans to ruin the USA
ross1948 15:59 on February 11, 2015 Permalink | Reply
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, crimmigrants ( 488 ), cultural marxism ( 37 ), EUSSR ( 287 ), Sweden ( 33 ), UK ( 406 ), UN ( 13 ), UNHCR ( 30 )
UN To Brussels- 'FORCE Brits To Share Sweden's 'Asylum' Tsunami!'
The arrogant leftists who run the UN have demanded the EUSSR use jackboot diktats on its member-states to FORCE them to share Sweden's suicidal intake of 'asylum' parasites.
-======
– ====
Delivering a keynote speech in Stockholm, Antonio Guterres, the UN high commissioner for refugees (UNHCR), told reporters that he wanted the EU to force its nations to more equitably handle a spike in asylum seekers.
UNHCR's Guterres (left) and Sweden's PM Stefan Löfven.
Yeah, that's right, FORCE! http://www.thelocal.se/20150203/un-says-eu-should-share-swedens-refugees
Both the UN and the EUSSR, of course, are desperately hostile to national sovereignty, in Europe or anywhere else. Now it is more and more obvious that even national identity is anathema to these supranational elites.
Sweden, many say, is already lost. Apart from the Sweden Democrats, the political parties there are entirely in thrall to the multicult ideology and to the continuing importation of alien ingrates.
For every Brit, and every French, Danish, German and Italian patriot, this latest example of two powerful enemies collaborating against them should be a wake-up call.
UKIP in the UK, Marine Le Pen in France, and every country's national resistance parties, should alert citizens to this new threat – though it's really not new, not at all.
The EU should "do its best to undermine" the "homogeneity" of its member states, the UN's special representative for migration has said. Peter Sutherland told peers the future prosperity of many EU states depended on them becoming multicultural. https://rossrightangle.wordpress.com/2012/06/25/multicult-or-else-bilderberger-spurs-eussr-to-erase-national-identities/
Peter Sutherland
ross1948 12:52 on February 3, 2015 Permalink | Reply
Tags: 'asylum' seekers, banjir ( 2 ), Climate Change ( 5 ), climate refugee ( 2 ), global warming ( 7 ), Human Rights ( 3 ), IPCC, Jakarta flood ( 4 ), New Zealand ( 17 ), weather ( 2 )
Ahoy, Antipodes! Now It's 'Climate' "Asylum"-Seekers!
I suppose it might be argued that I myself am a 'climate' refugee!
After all, anyone who spent all of his school years and decades of his working life in either Canada or the UK, or anywhere in lands that border the North Atlantic, surely has grounds for seeking sunnier shores.
I don't know the statistics but strongly suspect it's a fact that rheumatism and arthritis among senior cits is much more common on shores lashed by Atlantic rain and cities beset by sleet and snow for many months each year.
So when I saw this headline, I paused.
New Zealand Climate Refugee Takes His Asylum Case to Supreme Court
A climate refugee in New Zealand has taken his fight for asylum to the Supreme Court…after overstaying the visa. http://au.ibtimes.com/new-zealand-climate-refugee-takes-his-asylum-case-supreme-court-1417227
Well, not much of a refugee, if he came in on a visa (what kind? work? holiday?) then decided he liked NZ so much he suddenly felt a need for 'asylum!'
Honest folk would go home then apply properly. There's nobody waiting to shoot him back there, is there?
But skip that!
I've never been to Kiribati, but if it has a climate like Toronto's or London's, I wouldn't blame this geezer for heading south.
But alas, he's not basing his case on a human right to sun-bathe, which I'd say makes more sense than some of the so-called 'human rights' we hear about from that European Court, for instance.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2449256/Human-right-make-killing-Damning-dossier-reveals-taxpayers-European-court-payouts-murderers-terrorists-traitors.html
No, nothing of that sort!
Teitiota's lawyer claims that his client is making a valid claim for asylum, as the effects of climate change entitle him to be a refugee. "Our argument is that he is being persecuted indirectly because of the inability of the industrialised world to ameliorate CO2 emissions!" 3 News.
Are all who dwell in Kiribati delightful, honest, civilised souls?
One hopes so, because if this guy gets the nod, they'll ALL be entitled to swamp NZ.
And everyone else in the world, MILLIONS of people, dislocated by the hot seasons or the wet seasons…
Jakarta flooding
…like Jakarta's at the moment (which of course the Climate Panic Crew will be attributing, at least in part, to 'climate change,' now that they've sneakily dropped the term 'global warming') will obviously have to be taken aboard the Good Ship Western Welfare.


The Fourth Annual Emerging Civil War Symposium at Stevenson Ridge is coming up Aug. 4-6. We've asked each of our speakers to share with us a story related to the topic they'll be presenting as part of our "Great Defenses of the Civil War" line-up. Today, we feature Ryan Quint, who will speak on the Federal defense at Monocacy.
When Jubal Early marched north with some 15,000 men in the mid-summer of 1864, he moved with intentions of taking Washington, D.C. At first, very few Federal officers took the Confederate threat seriously, waving it off as little more than rumor. By early July, only Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace had made any substantive efforts to protect the capital; from his headquarters in Baltimore Wallace started to funnel troops to the edge of his department at the Monocacy River. Wallace's intricate history and his troubles with superior officers have been written about here at ECW before, leading to his essential exile from the main armies in Federal service.
But Erastus B. Tyler, Wallace's second-in-command, had had just as much drama and trouble with his commanding officers.
I've spent a good amount of time researching the battle of Monocacy, and one of the first things that struck me was the fact that by the summer of 1864, Erastus Tyler was still a brigadier general. Why, with all his experience? became a question I decided to look into. And why was Tyler still in Baltimore as part of the Middle Department? In his autobiography, Lew Wallace quoted Sec. of War Edwin Stanton, who called the department a "a grave-yard for commanders." And Erastus Tyler went there in the summer of 1863. Again: why?
Born in 1822, Tyler made his living as a fur trader until the war began. With no formal military experience, Tyler joined the Union army as the colonel of the 7th Ohio Infantry but quickly made a name for himself. By the next spring, Tyler commanded a brigade in the Shenandoah Valley and played a major role in Stonewall Jackson's defeat at First Kernstown in March, 1862. For his services, Tyler gained a brigadier general's star in May, 1862.
Then Tyler took command of a brigade of infantry in a division commanded by Brig. Gen. Andrew Humphreys. In time, Humphreys would become Tyler's nemesis and antagonist.
After the campaign ended, Tyler wrote his official report. Rather than forwarding the report to Humphreys, as military protocol dictated, however, Tyler forwarded it to the governor of Pennsylvania Andrew Curtin and local newspapers. When Humphreys found out, his famous temper boiled over. He scathed that Tyler "who passes himself off as a hero to those who have never seen him under fire, fills newspapers with false accounts of his deeds. . . He is double-faced, stealthy, mean, unscrupulous, and I believe much of a coward." Humphreys arrested Tyler and brought formal charges against him. Tyler would have to face a court-martial.
The court convened in early March, 1863, and Humphreys threw everything he could against Tyler save for perhaps the kitchen sink. Tyler sat as charges like "Conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline," "Falsehood," "Neglect of duty," and "Misbehavior before the enemy," were read against him. In all, Humphreys levied eight charges, with eleven specifications against Tyler, presumably hoping that something—anything—would stick.
With the court-martial behind him, Tyler headed into the Chancellorsville Campaign. As part of the Fifth Corps, Tyler's brigade spent most of the battle in reserve along the Ely's Ford Road, but did get engaged on May 3, 1863, driving some Confederates away from the Bullock Road and the heart of the Federal position. And here, Tyler ran into more trouble.
Before anything could come of the charges, the division of troops broke up, with most of the Pennsylvanians going home and the 91st Pennsylvania being shunted over to another division in the Fifth Corps. Andrew Humphreys became a division commander in the Third Corps and would soon be fighting for his life in the Sherfy Peach Orchard at Gettysburg. And Erastus Tyler found himself ordered to the Middle Department.
In the spring of 1864 the Army of the Potomac went through a series of remodels and restructuring, and Andrew Humphreys now served as Chief of Staff for the army's commander George Meade. Tyler's chances for returning to the army were nil. He remained in Baltimore, joined in March, 1864 by his new commander, Lew Wallace.
Erastus Tyler received orders from Wallace to move towards the Monocacy on July 3, 1864. The brigadier general gathered the few troops available to him and began to funnel them to the railroad junction on the far side of the river. Lew Wallace joined him two days later.
Thus it came to be that the safety of Washington, D.C. rested in the hands of two men, both of whom had been essentially exiled to Baltimore. Thinking their war careers over, instead Wallace and Tyler were shoved back onto the stage, and they prepared to fight for the safety of the United States' capital.
Ryan Quint will be presenting "Determined to Stand and Fight: Lew Wallace and the Battle of Monocacy, July 9, 1864" at the Fourth Annual Emerging Civil War Symposium.
 Lew Wallace, An Autobiography Vol. II (Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1906),, 672.
 Ezra Warner, Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964), 515.
 Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies in the War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Vol. 21, 137.
 Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park (FRSP) Archives, Bound Volume, 288, Page 58.
 Matthew T. Pearcy, "Nothing but the Spirit of Heroism: Andrew A. Humphreys at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg," in Army History, Spring 2013, 10.
 Erastus Tyler Court-Martial, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Record Group 153: Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General (Army), 1792-1982, General Court Martial.
 FRSP Bound Volume 276, Letter of April 2, 1863.
 Benjamin Tayman Court Martial, NARA.
 Henry H. Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson Humphreys: A Biography (Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company, 1924), 266.
This entry was posted in Leadership--Federal, Symposium and tagged Andrew Humphreys, Determined to Stand and Fight, Erastus Tyler, Lew Wallace, Monocay, Ryan Quint, Symposium 2017, Symposium Spotlight 2017. Bookmark the permalink.


STEVE CLARKE has warned that West Brom may have to start spending more.
We have to try to improve next year.
The Baggies' acclaimed scouting policy has unearthed diamonds such as Claudio Yacob, Youssouf Mulumbu and Jonas Olsson, all for under £1million.


When you're out with friends and you 'check-in' on Facebook at a location there was always a possibility that you could say which FB friends are with you. Today this feature arrives to Foursquare.
When you want to check-in you will notice 'I'm with' option below check-in box in the app that lets users add their friends by choosing their names from a list. After that, the friends will get a notification asking for permission to let the user check them in. If they approve, they'll also get checked in otherwise their names would just appear as a mention. Now the most important update: if the user's friends approve the permission once, the user will be able to check them in even in the future without requiring another approval. Each user will be able to delete every check-ins later on.


text:
Farfetch plans beauty launch with Violet Grey acquisition
The luxury e-commerce platform is set to add beauty to its offering with the acquisition of upscale LA-based beauty retailer Violet Grey.
Farfetch has acquired upscale, cult beauty retailer Violet Grey as a precursor to launching beauty this year.
LA-based Violet Grey – viewed as the beauty industry's answer to legendary Paris fashion boutique Colette – sells luxury, independent brands including Augustinus Bader and Westman Atelier, alongside megabrands Chanel, Giorgio Armani, Estée Lauder-backed La Mer and Tom Ford, using a mix of curation and editorial-rich content, akin to the Goop model. The acquisition, announced today, for an undisclosed amount, is an "important step ahead of the launch of beauty on Farfetch later this year and will form part of our overall beauty strategy 'palette'," says Stephanie Phair, chief customer officer at Farfetch. Violet Grey also occupies a storefront on Melrose Place in Los Angeles, and has raised $29.2 million to date in financing. The company declined to share annual sales.
Farfetch is betting on Violet Grey's curated selection of products, content and community-driven strategy to make a mark in the highly competitive global luxury beauty industry, which will reach $69 billion by 2025, according to the Bain Altagamma 2021 luxury study. The acquisition means Farfetch could earn access to the kinds of prestigious brands that aren't sold at Sephora or Cult, and founder Cassandra Grey believes that brands could benefit from the new route to market and the potential to enlarge their customer base.
"This partnership is about taking our seal of approval and community endorsement and helping brands scale and reach some of the most discerning consumers around the world," Grey says. She will remain on as chair and join Farfetch as global advisor for beauty and co-founder of New Guards Group Beauty, where she will work to incubate and accelerate new brands. Niten Kapadia, previously vice president of operations at Farfetch, will become managing director for Violet Grey. Farfetch declined to comment on the terms of the deal with Violet Grey.
Still, not all Violet Grey brands will be sold on Farfetch. Among those that currently sell on Violet Grey, Susanne Kaufmann, Tata Harper, Kosas and Indie Lee told Vogue Business they had no plans to sell on the platform but declined to specify why. Farfetch declined to reveal which beauty brands it will stock. "It's about choice so it will be important for us to stock both established brands and cult favourites," says Phair. "We'll offer a variety but there will also be an element of curation because we are a luxury destination."
Violet Grey founder Cassandra Grey.
Violet Grey and Farfetch have been in discussions around how they could work together in 2014. "The conversation started in terms of getting on each other's radar and recognising the synergies of how much we wanted to innovate and provide the best service to customers," says Grey, the wife of late entertainment industry executive Brad Grey, who launched Violet Grey in 2014 and turned it into a go-to source for the kind of products found in the medicine cabinets of Hollywood's most sought-after makeup artists and aestheticians.
Farfetch, founded in 2007, carries fashion, shoes, accessories and home goods from a vast selection of global brands and boutiques. Adding beauty to the mix, would align with other retailers like Net-a-Porter hoping to grab a slice of the "large and attractive," market, says Hamza Khan, a partner at McKinsey & Company's marketing and sales practice, who focuses on the beauty industry. Still Farfetch faces new competition from dedicated-beauty marketplaces, rivals like department stores like Selfridges and Neiman Marcus and specialty retailers like Sephora and Cult Beauty (acquired by The Hut Group last August.) Growth hasn't been steady either. Beauty retail sales dipped globally by roughly 15 per cent in 2020, according to McKinsey's Khan, but quickly returned to strong growth.
The model for beauty at Farfetch will be via e-concessions model, the same it uses for fashion, where brands have a presence on the site in return for a commission on sales (usually about 30 per cent) but manage their own inventory and logistics.
With the exception of some European department stores, which run a concession model in a physical retail space, e-concessions are highly unusual in beauty, says Sucharita Kodali, VP and principal analyst for retail at Forrester. "In beauty there are very strict distribution agreements, particularly for categories such as haircare. You don't see a lot of premium hair products widely available on the Internet because they're restricted to whoever is allowed to distribute the goods."
From Net-a-Porter to Saks, the marketplace model is taking over fashion
Still, e-concessions are a direction that beauty brands will accelerate the move towards in the coming years, McKinsey's Khan predicts. "In the long run, it should end up working better for brands, who achieve higher control over brand, price and assortment, get access to more data, and develop more direct relationships with consumers."
Surveys by Farfetch found consumers – particularly Millennial and Gen Z shoppers – prefer shopping in one place when it comes to beauty. "It was never a matter of 'if' but a matter of 'when'," says Phair. "Farfetch is a community driven business: we have a community of boutiques, of customers, of influencers. We want to take these multiple points of view to beauty, where the customer is already all about individuality and self empowerment," she explains.
Phair compares the acquisition of Violet Grey to Farfetch's 2015 purchase of Browns, the London-based fashion boutique founded by influential buyer Joan Burstein. "We have precedent in taking a strong boutique and building up its authority, proposition and point of view, while offering the best of Farfetch's technology." Farfetch has used Browns as a laboratory and incubator of ideas, and plans to do the same with Violet Grey, says Phair. Violet Grey added former Vogue beauty director Sarah Brown in May 2021 to oversee collaborations, scout brands and enlist other experts as the head of the newly launched product development and content hub, Violet Lab.
Finding footing in beauty
Beauty could unlock a new customer for Farfetch. Beauty's lower price points make it more accessible to a wider audience than fashion and accessories, demonstrating a real opportunity for new customer acquisition, says Phair.
"The acquisition gives Farfetch a solid presence in the beauty market, which is complementary to its existing offer. This should allow it to generate more spend from existing customers and potentially attract new ones too. It also rounds out Farfetch's fashion credentials by moving them beyond apparel," says Neil Saunders, managing director of Globaldata's retail division.
Farfetch first experimented with beauty in 2016 via a partnership with Space NK, a UK-based retailer with a respectable edit of products but limited reach. As part of the tie-up, Space NK had its own area on the Farfetch site where shoppers from across 190 countries could browse and buy brands including By Terry, Chantecaille, Eve Lom and Kevyn Aucoin. But the venture quietly ended as Farfetch prefers a e-concession route to wholesale.
McKinsey's Khan is curious to see the route brands will take: "Farfetch has a lot of scale online, but some of these beauty retailers have a lot of scale offline." Another challenge for Farfetch will be navigating exclusivity relationships brands may already have with existing retail partners. "It's going to come down to operational conversations with brands about reach versus margins. What I would expect they've been spending time on is putting together an integrated strategy for the beauty market, including how to engage the major brands; for Farfetch it's not just a category but a model with a couple of different dimensions to it."
Farfetch will continue to vet its brands carefully, says Phair. Ultimately, many brands can benefit from Farfetch's model, she believes. "Beauty is a vibrant category and there are lots of players. We also believe there's a role for Farfetch to play. The uniqueness of our proposition is complementary to brands' DTC strategies," Phair says. "Beauty brands are moving away from wholesale and are focusing on direct distribution and how they can really speak to their customers directly."
The rise of THG: the next Farfetch of beauty?
Beauty will bounce back faster than fashion. How?
latestFarfetchViolet Greybeautyacquisitions


text:
Q: Php run xcodebuild cannot find provisioning profile I wanna run a server to build ipa for me.When it comes to use Xcode to build app use these command:
/usr/bin/xcodebuild -project /Users/xxxx/sites/PhpServer/AutoUpload/ProjectsDir/48c36d185970fa9231f1f6274b72cf60/48c36d185970fa9231f1f6274b72cf60.xcodeproj -target 48c36d185970fa9231f1f6274b72cf60 -configuration Release PROVISIONING_PROFILE=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx

It turn out to be:
Code Sign error: No codesigning identities found: No codesigning identities (i.e. certificate and private key pairs) that match the provisioning profile specified in your build settings

I've checked in ~/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning profile,the provisioning profile lay there well.
What I am confused about is that it runs well in terminal from the same directory where the Server root is.
What I am thinking is that maybe the xcodebuild execution from php cannot find the ~/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning profile directory.

*

*How can I specify the location path of provisioning profile when using xcodebuild,PROVISIONING_PROFILE=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx by only specify the ID, how about the location path?

*Is there any other methods to get through Building ipa?

A: I finally solve the problem.I yelled out 'finally...'.
This is because when u double click the .cer file to install,the system install .cer file under the 'login' category.what u need to do is open key chain app to move .cer file from 'login' to 'system' category.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange