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Idaho 2017 Water Year Summary
November 17, 2017 November 17, 2017 by NWS Boise
The 2017 Water Year will go down as one to remember due to record precipitation, record snowpack, and significant flooding that impacted the state. Extreme wet conditions resulted in a number of disaster declarations due to snow, flooding, and landslides, along with runoff volumes not seen for decades across portions of southern Idaho.
The Water Year started off with a bang as a series of Pacific storms brought record precipitation to the region in October 2016, recharging the soil moisture and setting the stage for abundant spring runoff. Winter was highlighted by very cold temperatures across the state, and extreme snowpack across much of southern Idaho. As temperatures warmed during late winter and early spring, low and mid elevation snowmelt combined with rain, on top of saturated and frozen soils, led to widespread flooding across the Magic Valley, the Upper Snake Plain, and extensive flooding and landslides across northern Idaho. This was followed by significant flooding on several main stem rivers and tributaries of central and southern Idaho later in the spring. Water managers were challenged by the extreme runoff and many regulated and unregulated river systems experienced prolonged high flows and flooding. On a positive note, reservoir systems were filled to capacity resulting in plenty of water for the growing season and above average carry-over heading into 2018.
Despite the cold winter, compared to the 30 year normal, temperatures over the entire 2017 Water Year were above normal for most of Idaho with the greatest anomalies across the southern half of the state. Water Year precipitation was 110 to 200 percent of normal for almost the entire state. Near the end of the snow accumulation season, snowpack was around 100 percent of normal in northern Idaho while many basins in central and southern Idaho were carrying 150 to 200 percent of normal snowpack. Despite all the water the state received, hot and dry summer weather allowed for a return of moderate drought to portions of central and northern Idaho with streamflows in some basins falling below normal by summers end.
Despite one of the coldest winters in recent decades, temperatures experienced over the entire 2017 Water Year ranked either above or much above normal. After a relatively warm fall, well below normal temperatures persisted across low elevations for most of the winter months which allowed the low elevation snowpack to accumulate to unprecedented levels in some of the lower valleys. For some locations in northern Idaho it was the coldest winter in over 30 years. The extreme cold led to ice jams which resulted in flooding on some rivers and streams across the state. For the entire water year, statewide temperature anomalies generally ranged from minus 1 to plus 3 degrees (F). Last year's anomalies ranged from plus 2 to plus 4. Above normal temperatures during late winter and spring had a significant impact on the ripening of the snowpack which led to extreme melt rates and flooding in many areas. Had it not been for below normal temperatures experienced during the early winter months, anomalies for the year as a whole would be greater.
Fall rains were well above average across most of the state, excluding the southwest corner. Record setting rainfall in October was key in recharging soil moisture and setting the stage for an excellent runoff season in the spring. An active winter ensued with percentages varying between 150 and 300 percent above normal across almost the entire state. This was largely due to numerous atmospheric river events that battered the Pacific Coastline, bringing ample moisture to the region. The first and second quarters of the 2017 Water Year therefore ended on a high note. Spring and summer precipitation percentages were largely lower than in the previous months, save portions of the Central Mountains, Eastern Magic Valley and the Upper Snake Plain, which still received above average precipitation. Summertime thunderstorm activity was somewhat limited for most of Idaho. South central and southeast Idaho was the exception, with bouts of monsoonal moisture bringing normal or above normal precipitation.
The 2017 Water Year snowpack was quite healthy and hit record levels across portions of southern Idaho. Winter storms brought heavy snow to southern Idaho in December and January, not only to the mountains, but to the lower valleys as well. Southern Idaho snowpack ranged from around 100 to 160 percent of median by February, while northern Idaho snowpack was lagging at around 80 percent. Snowpack in the Big Wood, Little Wood and Big Lost Basins reached 180 to 190 percent of median by early March; daily records were seen at many SNOTEL sites in the central Idaho mountains. By April 1 (when Idaho's overall snowpack typically peaks), basin snowpack ranged from 95 to 170 percent of median statewide, with the highest percentages in southern Idaho. Runoff from low and mid elevation snowmelt in February and March caused widespread sheet flooding in the Magic Valley and across portions of the Upper Snake Plain. Rapid snowmelt, record rainfall, and saturated soils led to extensive flooding and landslides across northern Idaho in March and early April. Record or near record high elevation snow and extreme melt rates led to prolonged flooding on many rivers and streams across the central mountains during the spring.
Wet fall weather and a large winter snowpack made for a challenging spring for reservoir operations. Not only was the snowpack well above normal, but extreme snowmelt rates occurred leading to very large inflow peaks on some of the reservoir systems. Operators for large federal reservoirs and smaller privately owned reservoirs were taxed in keeping up inflows and flood control space. Some of the smaller privately owned reservoirs in southern Idaho were pushed to the brink on their reservoir capacity. Flood flows occurred below a number of reservoirs in southern Idaho, with 101 consecutive days of flood flows below Lucky Peak Dam on the Lower Boise River. Owyhee Reservoir was filled to capacity for the first time since 2011. By late spring, flood control operations ceased, reservoirs were full, and an abundant supply of water was available for the growing season along with above average carry-over in most systems for the start of the 2018 Water Year. Runoff volumes ranked near the top of historical records across most of southern Idaho, with record volumes at some locations fed by central mountain snowmelt.
Record October precipitation pushed monthly streamflows above average across much of central and northern Idaho in the fall of 2016. Cold temperatures and low regulated flows, typical of winter, held streamflows at or below normal across most of Idaho in December and January. A dramatic increase in streamflows occurred in February and March as warming temperatures initiated low and mid elevation snowmelt which was accompanied by periods of rain. High elevation snowmelt sustained the high streamflows through the spring and even through the summer across portions of central and southern Idaho. Hot and dry weather allowed some basins to recede below normal during the summer months, particularly across northern Idaho.
Wet weather during the fall and winter eliminated the abnormally dry conditions and pockets of moderate drought that were present at the beginning of the 2017 Water Year. However, above normal summer-time temperatures and below normal precipitation allowed areas of drought to redevelop across portions of central and northern Idaho by summers end.
Categories Climate, Drought, Hydrology, SummaryTags 2017, climate, Drought, Hydrology, idaho, Precipitation, Reservoirs, snow, Streamflow, SWE, Temperature, Water, water yearLeave a comment
October 2017 Climate Stats
November 1, 2017 November 17, 2017 by NWS Boise
October 2017 ranks among the coldest 22 percent of Octobers at the Boise airport. Temperatures averaged 7.1 degrees below normal from the 1st through the 16th, and 1.3 degrees above normal for the rest of the month. Precipitation totaled near normal. The first freezing temperature of the season was the 31°F on the 9th, a day ahead of the average date.
There were no record highs, lows, or daily precipitation amounts.
During the first half of the month, cold upper level troughs were the dominant features. Brief periods of west or southwest flow aloft raised temperatures to near normal on the 6th, 7th, and 10th, but there were no above normal daily averages.
During the last half of the month, temperatures were near or above normal most days, thanks to west or southwest flow aloft, and strong upper level high pressure ridges on the 23rd and 24th, and again on the 27th and 28th.
This warmer pattern was briefly interrupted by a north Pacific cold front which crossed the Boise area around 4:30 am on the 20th. The frontal passage was accompanied by northwest winds gusting up to 42mph at the airport, causing visibility restrictions in blowing dust. Rain settled the dust a couple of hours later as a cold upper level trough pushed inland behind the front. Precipitation on the 20th and 21st totaled 0.37 inch at the airport. One location closer to the foothills reported around half an inch of rain.
On the 29th, the upper level ridge, which had kept Boise warmer than normal on the 27th and 28th, shifted west. This put our area under northwest flow aloft, allowing cooler air from British Columbia to spread south across the northern intermountain region.
Categories Climate, SummaryTags baker city, Boise, burns, climate, climate summary, climatology, idaho, idwx, mccall, october 2017, oregon, southeast oregon, southwest idaho, summary, twin falls, weatherLeave a comment


The initiative is being welcomed by the Downtown Barrie Business Association (BIA). "The Downtown is an inclusive community. It is more than just a commercial district. Our involvement in the HEART program gives us the opportunity of being part of the solution to end homelessness and build a strong community." HEART members will be patrolling the downtown from 6-8am each weekday morning, and weekends from 4- 7pm. They'll be out in pairs, and can be identified by their bright purple backpacks. In addition to serving those experiencing homelessness, they will be connecting with business owners to let them know about the supports available, and how to make a referrals if they see someone who looks like they could use some help.
The HEART team can be reached at 1-877-845-0840. About SCATEH The Simcoe County Alliance to End Homelessness (SCATEH) is a local movement to prevent and end homelessness in Simcoe County. We do this through coordinated strategies, advocacy, and awareness. Learn more at www.scateh.com.


Lighthouse Assbly of God is located at 522 American Legion Hwy, Westport, MA. This business specializes in Religion & Spirituality.
Lighthouse Assembly Of God is located at 522 American Legion Hwy in Westport and has been in the business of Assembly Of God Church since 2007.


As we informed you then, we instantly began trying to collect more data on the anomaly. We re-routed one of our space-cam satellites to move towards the strange object and to take a close-up photograph. This morning, we received a signal - the satellite approached the object and was just starting to expose the lens to take the picture, when the communication was suddenly cut off. Ever since then, the satellite has been gone off our scanners. It seems to have disappeared - for good.
The last signal the satellite managed to send us was the reading of a powerful burst of energy nearby… and this strange, single frame.
We do not yet know what the objects in the photograph are. They do appear to be symmetrical, but as to their origin, we simply cannot guess. Are these structures? Natural patterns? Is it a surface of an asteroid? Or… something yet different?
If you have any ideas, do share them with us.
Meanwhile, stay tuned. We'll be getting to the bottom of this mystery - and you can count on that.


I don't know about you, but it's inevitable that a new league of British artists are on the horizon, rewriting the rules of the game, all while gathering a worldwide fanbase without a label hand in sight from the start.
With the soul of an old-skool beat maker and the skills of a future forward producer, the 21 year old South East Londoner's versatility as a composer, songwriter, guitarist, singer and violinist, while crafting Dilla inspired beats and mellow grooves, all make for just damn good music. 'Watch Me Dance' is sensitively sung, as it slowly builds to a reverie of dance and groove in a heavenly arranged two step number.


The Chesapeake Bay is the nation's largest estuary, with a watershed that includes six states. Because of its size and location, the Chesapeake plays an essential role in the mid-Atlantic region's economy and environment.
Water quality in the bay has declined in recent decades, largely because of urban storm water and agricultural runoff. Federal and state efforts to clean up the bay have focused on changing land-use to reduce the amount of polluted run-off reaching the bay by, for instance, paying or requiring farmers to plant buffer vegetation to filter pollutants.
Oysters also play an important role in improving water quality in the Chesapeake. As filter feeders, oysters remove pollutants from water as they consume plankton. Historically, oysters were so abundant in the Chesapeake that they posed hazards for navigation. But in the late 19th century, Chesapeake oysters fell victim to a tragedy of the commons. Demand for them was so high that harvesters and states had violent clashes over the resource, during a period now referred to as the "Oyster Wars." Today, the oyster population is likely below 1% of historic levels.
To restore the oyster population and improve water quality, Maryland and Virginia have expanded permitting for oyster farms. However, like other aspects of the plan to clean up the Chesapeake, oyster farms have generated conflict with competing users of the bay. Although their commercial value and environmental benefits may please harvesters and environmentalists, neighboring property owners may consider oyster farms an eyesore. Similarly, oyster farm infrastructure may get in the way of recreational fishermen or other water-users.
Property owners and other water users are calling for an 18-month moratorium on oyster landings at county docks to discourage the industry's continued growth. If the county sides with its local, non-oystering residents, that may set up another conflict with the state Department of Natural Resources, which has exclusive authority to regulate oyster permitting in the bay.
Instead of political conflict, might markets and property rights be the answer? If permits were auctioned to the highest bidder and freely transferable, conflicting demands to the bay could be worked out amicably. Where property owners value their views more highly than oyster farmers value a particular spot, the property owners can outbid them or buy-out their permits (which are good for 20 years).
What's interesting about this conflict is that producers and environmentalists are on one side and recreational users on the other. In many other resource contexts, the political alliances are very different. For instance, opposition to mining and grazing in the West unites many environmentalists and recreational users against producers.
A market solution to oyster conflicts is slightly more complicated than in other situations because there is an externality to account for. If an oyster farm is bought out, neighbor's views may improve, but downstream users will lose the water-quality benefits oysters provide. This problem can be overcome by allowing downstream property owners, environmentalists, or governments to subsidize the bids of oyster farm permits in areas where the environmental benefits are significant, which would internalize the externality. That solution has the added benefit of encouraging oyster farms to be sited where they can have the greatest environmental benefits, rather than as the result of a bureaucratic or political process.


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7 Things I Would Do If I'd Start Again SPORTS BETTING
Legal sports activities betting websites have clear phrases and situations, home rules for players to follow, a wide range of normal funding choices and customer service options that might be reached easily.
The metropolis council gave its approval to sports betting in 2018, however the invoice wasn't signed into regulation until the next January.
GambetDC, an offering run by the lottery and powered by Intralot, is the sole on-line and cell possibility for bettors within the District since its launch in 2020.
The Caesars Sportsbook app is just out there in a geofenced area around Capital One Arena.
Online Sports Betting Information & Presents
Indeed, sports organizations and governments have enacted strict antigambling policies and legal guidelines in order to defend both the general public and the legitimacy of sporting competition.
Pro-gambling groups argued that legalization and regulation were the plain solutions.
In the United States, differences between state and federal legal guidelines created a patchwork during which some types of sports activities playing have been legal and others were not.
Betting on sports activities increased after federal taxes on legal betting were decreased in 1983.
How On-line Sports Activities Betting Took America By Storm
BetRivers is another sportsbook that includes a huge menu of markets and guess varieties.
Bettors will discover helpful stats and tips built into the sport listings in the main betting foyer, as nicely a big selection of alternate lines and props.
BetRivers additionally has a wonderful rewards program that sports bettors can sign up for.
Online sports betting has been legalized in 23 states thus far, and the listing is expected to proceed growing in the coming years.
In สล็อตออนไลน์เบทเริ่มต้น1บาท , the Supreme Court positioned the matter of legalizing sports betting into the palms of the person states to resolve.
While sports activities betting has since been legalized in a variety of states, legislation hasn't been passed on a federal stage.
Other states require sports-betting corporations to keep up their very own self-exclusion lists, and companies have resisted sharing them with rivals or regulators.
At least 17 states maintain databases of people who have requested to be blocked from gambling.
But the states often depart it as a lot as betting corporations to download and abide by up to date versions of the lists.
Last year, the U.S. government didn't allocate any money to prevent or treat playing addiction, and states set aside a total of $94 million, based on a bunch that represents state employees who oversee such funds.
That was 0.three percent of what state and federal governments allotted for substance abuse.
The playing association referred to as the bipartisan bill "unnecessary federal engagement" in matters better left to states and the playing business.
Playing And Sports Activities
More than half the united states states have some form of legal betting, however about 20 have full online wagering.
Others have solely in-person betting at casinos, racetracks and different venues.
If you're betting a +200 underdog, you'll win 2x your money for each dollar wagered — $100 to win $200, $10 to win $20, $1 to win $2, and so on.
So if you're betting a -200 favourite, you have to risk $200 to win $100, or any fraction of that — $20 to win $10, $2 to win $1, and so on.
Offshore operators aren't working beneath the same guidelines and laws that authorized US betting sites are.
That's why the Colts are an 8-point favorite on the street against the lowly Texans, whereas the Eagles are a smaller favorite on the road towards the Lions.
The first is the point spread, which is a bet on the margin of victory.
Any ICC administrative official, match referee, pitch curator , player agent, umpire, or umpire support staffer.
Many online instruments also exist for automated conversion between these odds formats.
Bookmakers usually hold an 11–10 advantage over their customers—for small wagers it's closer to a 6–5 advantage—so the bookmaker will most probably survive over the lengthy term.
Legal sports activities betting was approved by voters in Colorado in 2019.
The official on-line and cell rollout happened on May 1, 2020, with DraftKings, FanDuel, BetRivers and BetMGM all going stay on the same day.
Professional sports activities leagues updated their positions once more on May 14, 2018, when the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 .
In the United Kingdom, for example, lots of of thousands of individuals developed gambling addictions after years of unbridled promotion of sports betting.
Examples embody the 1919 World Series, the alleged illegal gambling of former baseball player Pete Rose, and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy.
Sports bettors place their wagers both legally, via a bookmaker/sportsbook, or illegally via privately run enterprises referred to as "bookies".
The term "e-book" is a reference to the books used by wage brokers to trace wagers, payouts, and debts.
They take bets "up-front", which means the bettor should pay the sportsbook earlier than placing the wager.
This creates numerous different felony elements, thus furthering their illegality.
Online sports activities betting is legal throughout most of Europe together with the UK.
How To Quit GAMBLING SITE In 5 Days
GAMBLING SITE: This Is What Professionals Do

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Exchange rate: US$1.00 = 110.02 dinars.
Current laws: 1983 (old age), implemented in 1984; 1983 (disability and survivors), implemented in 1984; and 1994 (early pension).
Note: In 2015, coverage was extended to self-employed persons. The qualifying conditions and benefit calculations differ from those of employed persons.
Employed persons with a labor contract, household workers, veterans, certain categories of fishermen and apprentices with earnings of at least half the legal minimum wage, and self-employed persons (nonwage earners).
The legal monthly minimum wage is 18,000 dinars.
Special system for military personnel.
Insured person: 7% of gross earnings (old age). See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity for disability and survivors benefits and the death grant.
Self-employed person: 7.5% of annual declared covered income.
The minimum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are 216,000 dinars.
The maximum annual earnings used to calculate contributions are 4,320,000 dinars.
Employer: 11.25% of gross payroll (old age). See source of funds under Sickness and Maternity for disability and survivors benefits and the death grant.
Government: Subsidizes the minimum pension; contributes as an employer.
Old-age pension (employed persons): Age 60 (men) or age 55 (women and veterans) with at least 15 years of coverage, including at least 7.5 years of paid contributions; age 58 (rising to age 59 in 2018) with at least 32 years of coverage; or at any age for employed persons with a total disability who do not qualify for a disability pension.
The retirement age is reduced for persons employed in arduous or unhealthy work, women who have raised at least one child for at least nine years (for up to three children), and veterans with a disability.
Workers who do not have the required number of years of coverage at the normal retirement age can continue working for up to five years to qualify.
Dependent spouse's supplement: Paid for a dependent spouse with no income.
Early pension: Age 50 (men) or age 45 (women) with at least 20 years of contributions. Must be involuntarily unemployed due to economic factors, such as downsizing or business closure; have worked at least three of the last 10 years for the same employer; and not receive income from any professional activity.
Old-age pension (self-employed persons): Age 65 (men) or age 60 (women and veterans) with at least 15 years of coverage (7.5 years for veterans and disabled).
The retirement age is reduced by one year per child for women who have raised at least one child for at least nine years (for up to three children); by five years for every 10 degrees of assessed disability if disabled.
Retirement settlement (employed and self-employed persons): Age 60 (employed person) or age 65 (self-employed persons) with at least five years but less than 15 years of contributions.
All old-age benefits are payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.
Disability pension (employed persons): Must be assessed with a total (100%) loss of work capacity and have at least 60 days of employment in the last 12 months or 180 days in the last three years before the disability.
Partial disability: Must be assessed with at least a 50% loss of work capacity.
The disability pension ceases at the normal retirement age and is replaced by the old-age pension of at least the same amount.
Disability pension (self-employed persons): Must be younger than the retirement age, assessed with a total (100%) loss of work capacity and have at least one year of coverage before the first medical examination confirming the disability.
Survivor pension (employed and self-employed persons): The deceased received or was entitled to receive an old-age or disability pension.
Eligible survivors include a widow(er) of any age; children younger than age 18 (age 25 if an apprentice with monthly earnings up to half the legal monthly minimum wage; age 21 if a student; no limit if disabled or a dependent daughter, niece, sister, or aunt without income); and dependent parents with monthly income below the minimum monthly old-age pension.
Death grant (employed persons): The deceased had at least 15 days (or 100 hours) of insured employment in the three months before death.
Eligible survivors include a widow(er) of any age; children younger than age 18 (age 25 if an apprentice with monthly earnings up to half the legal monthly minimum wage; age 21 if a student; no limit if disabled or a dependent daughter, niece, or sister without income); and dependent parents with monthly income below the minimum monthly old-age pension.
The minimum monthly old-age pension is 75% of the legal monthly minimum wage.
Death grant (self-employed persons): There is no qualifying period.
All survivor benefits are payable abroad under reciprocal agreement.
Old-age pension (employed-persons): The pension is 2.5% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the five years before retirement or the best five years of the total work history, whichever is greater, multiplied by the number of years of contributions, up to 80%.
To calculate the pension, each covered year or covered quarter is based on 180 days or 45 days of work, respectively.
The maximum monthly old-age pension is 15 times the legal monthly minimum wage.
Dependent spouse's supplement: 2,500 dinars a month is paid.
Constant-attendance supplement: 40% of the old-age pension is paid.
Early pension: The pension is reduced by 1% for each year the pension is claimed before the normal retirement age. The pension is increased by 1% every 12 months until the pensioner reaches the normal retirement age. The pension is then recalculated using the number of years the pension was claimed before the normal retirement age and the insured's total coverage period. The benefit is financed by the employer, who pays a lump sum to the National Retirement Fund according to the number of years that the insured retires before the normal retirement age.
The minimum monthly early pension is 75% of the legal monthly minimum wage.
Old-age pension (self-employed persons): The pension is 2.5% of the insured's average monthly insurable earnings in the best 10 years of the total work history, multiplied by the number of years of contributions, up to 80%.
Retirement settlement (employed and self-employed persons): A lump sum of 2.5% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the five years before retirement or the best five years of the total work history, whichever is greater, multiplied by the number of years of contributions, is paid.
Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted annually on May 1.
Disability pension (employed persons): 80% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last year or the best three years of the insured's total work history, whichever is greater, is paid.
Constant-attendance supplement: 40% of the disability pension is paid.
Partial disability: 60% of the insured's average earnings in the last year or the best three years of the total work history, whichever is greater, is paid.
The minimum monthly disability pension is 75% of the legal monthly minimum wage.
Disability pension (self-employed persons): 80% of the insured's average annual covered earnings in the last year is paid. The pension is paid after a six-month waiting period.
The maximum monthly disability pension is eight times the legal monthly minimum wage.
Spouse's pension: 75% (50% if there are other survivors) of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to the widow(er). If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally.
Other eligible survivors: 30% of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid for one other survivor; 40% is split equally if there is more than one other survivor.
If there is no surviving spouse, 45% of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive is paid to a full orphan and 30% to a dependent parent.
The maximum combined survivor benefit is 90% of the old-age or disability pension the deceased received or was entitled to receive.
Death grant (employed persons): A lump sum of 12 times the deceased's best monthly earnings in the year before death is paid.
Death grant (self-employed persons): A lump sum of annual insurable earnings is paid. The death grant is split equally among eligible survivors.
The minimum death grant is 12 times the legal monthly minimum wage (75% for inactive contributors).
The maximum monthly disability pension is eight times the legal annual minimum wage.
Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Social Security (http://www.mtess.gov.dz/) provides general supervision.
National Retirement Fund (http://cnr-dz.com/) administers the old-age program for employed persons.
National Social Insurance Fund (http://www.cnas.dz/) administers the disability and survivors program for employed persons.
National Social Security Fund for Nonwage Earners (http://www.casnos.com.dz/) administers the old-age and disability program for self-employed persons (nonwage earners).
Current law: 1983 (social security), implemented in 1984.
Cash and medical benefits: Employed persons.
Medical benefits only: Self-employed persons, social insurance beneficiaries and their dependents, national liberation war pensioners, persons with at least a 50% assessed degree of disability, unemployed students and their dependents, social assistance beneficiaries, and certain other categories.
Insured person: 1.5% of gross earnings.
The insured person's contributions also finance disability benefits, survivor benefits, and the death grant under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.
Self-employed person: 7.5% of annual declared covered income (medical benefits).
Employer: 11.5% of gross payroll.
The employer's contributions also finance disability benefits, survivor benefits, and the death grant under Old Age, Disability, and Survivors.
Cash sickness benefits: For up to six months of benefits, the insured must have been employed for at least 15 days (or 100 hours) in the last quarter or 60 days (or 400 hours) in the last 12 months before the incapacity began; for more than six months of benefits, the insured must have been employed for at least 60 days (or 400 hours) in the last 12 months or 180 days in the last three years.
Cash maternity benefits: Must have been employed for at least 15 days (or 100 hours) in the last three months or 60 days (or 400 hours) in the last 12 months before the pregnancy began.
Medical benefits (employed persons): Must have been employed for at least 15 days (or 100 hours) in the three months before the year in which the incapacity began or 60 days (or 400 hours) in the last 12 months.
Medical benefits (self-employed persons): Must have at least 15 days of coverage. Coverage is extended until the end of the calendar year in which employment ceases.
For full reimbursement of maternity care, the insured must notify the National Social Security Fund for Nonwage Earners six months before the expected date of birth and the pregnant woman must undergo four prescribed medical examinations.
Sickness benefit: 50% of the insured's daily earnings (100% for an extended illness or hospitalization) is paid for the first 15 days; 100% from the 16th day up to three years (four years under certain circumstances).
The minimum daily earnings used to calculate the benefit is the legal hourly minimum wage multiplied by the insured's normal working hours.
The legal hourly minimum wage is 103.84 dinars (January 1, 2012).
Maternity benefit: 100% of the insured's daily earnings is paid for up to 14 weeks, including up to six weeks before the expected date of childbirth.
Medical benefits (employed persons): Benefits include medical treatment, surgery, hospitalization, medicine, laboratory services, ophthalmological and optical services, some dental care, functional and vocational rehabilitation, prostheses, specialized treatments, and transportation.
Government hospitals provide free medical care for an unlimited duration for certain categories of sickness; some categories may require cost sharing.
Cost sharing: Medical expenses are reimbursed at 80%; 100% for insured persons with approved chronic diseases, work injury beneficiaries with an assessed degree of disability of more than 50%, and old-age or disability pensioners with monthly income below the legal monthly minimum wage.
Maternity care is reimbursed at 100%, including hospital stays of up to eight days.
Medical benefits (self-employed persons): Benefits include the cost of pharmaceutical products, spa treatments, hospitalization, and care provided by doctors, dental surgeons, pharmacists, and certain auxiliary services.
Cost sharing: Medical expenses are reimbursed at 80%; 100% for difficult childbirth, family planning, incubation of newborns, blood and plasma transfusions, costs over a certain limit, and for insured persons with approved chronic diseases and old-age, disability, or survivor pensioners with monthly income below the legal monthly minimum wage and their dependents.
Maternity and neonatal care is reimbursed at 100%, including hospital stays of up to eight days.
National Social Insurance Fund (http://www.cnas.dz/) administers the program for employed persons.
National Social Security Fund for Nonwage Earners (http://www.casnos.com.dz/) administers the program for self-employed persons (nonwage earners).
Employed persons, apprentices, students (including those in technical schools), trainees, and persons undergoing medical or vocational rehabilitation.
Employer: 1.25% of gross payroll.
The minimum daily earnings used to calculate the benefit is 1/30th of the legal monthly minimum wage.
The legal monthly minimum wage is 18,000 dinars (January 1, 2012).
Permanent disability pension: The insured's average earnings in the last 12 months before the disability began multiplied by the assessed degree of disability is paid.
A lump sum is paid if the assessed degree of disability is less than 10%.
The minimum annual earnings used to calculate the pension is 2,300 times the legal hourly minimum wage.
Constant-attendance supplement: If the insured requires the constant attendance of others to perform daily functions, 40% of the permanent disability pension is paid.
Foreign worker settlement: If there is no reciprocal agreement, a lump sum of three times the annual permanent disability pension the insured would be eligible to receive is paid to injured foreign workers who leave the country permanently.
Benefits include 100% of the schedule fee for medical treatment, surgery, hospitalization, medicine, laboratory services, ophthalmological and optical services, some dental care, prostheses, functional and vocational rehabilitation, specialized treatments, and transportation.
Spouse's pension: 75% (50% if there are other eligible survivors) of the deceased's average earnings in the 12 months before the date of the accident resulting in the insured's death is paid to the widow. If there is more than one widow, the pension is split equally.
Other eligible survivors: 30% of the deceased's average earnings is paid for one survivor; 40% is split equally if there is more than one eligible survivor.
If there is no surviving spouse, 45% of the deceased's average earnings is paid for a full orphan and 30% to a dependent parent.
Eligible survivors include a widow of any age; children younger than age 18 (age 25 if an apprentice with earnings up to half the legal minimum wage, age 21 if a student, no limit if disabled or a dependent daughter, niece or sister without income); and dependent parents or parents-in-law with income below the legal monthly minimum old-age pension.
The minimum old-age pension is 75% of the legal monthly minimum wage.
Survivors of foreign workers are eligible for benefits if they reside in Algeria or are covered under a reciprocal agreement.
The maximum combined survivor benefit is 90% of the deceased's average annual earnings. The deceased's average annual earnings must be at least 2,300 times the legal hourly minimum wage.
Death grant: A lump sum of 12 times the deceased's best monthly earnings in the year before death is paid.
The minimum death grant is 12 times the legal monthly minimum wage.
Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security (http://www.mtess.gov.dz/) provides general supervision.
National Social Insurance Fund (http://www.cnas.dz/) administers the program.
First and current laws: 1994 (unemployment) and 1997 (weather-related unemployment).
Insured person: 0.5% of gross earnings; an additional 0.375% if employed in the construction, public works, or hydraulics industries.
Employer: 1% of gross payroll; an additional 0.375% for employers in the construction, public works, or hydraulics industries.
Unemployment benefit: Must be involuntarily unemployed; have at least three years of contributions, including six months immediately before unemployment; not receive income from any work-related activity; and have been looking for work for at least two months. The previous employer must have paid all required social security contributions.
Lump-sum subsidy: Must have worked for the same employer for more than three years.
Weather-related unemployment benefits: Paid to workers employed in the construction, public works, or hydraulics industries for work stoppages due to poor weather conditions. A worker must have at least 200 hours of employment in the last two months.
Unemployment benefit: Benefits are paid in four parts: 100% of the reference salary during the first period, 80% during the second period, 60% during the third period, and 50% during the fourth period.
The benefit is calculated using a reference salary of 50% of the sum of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 12 months and the legal monthly minimum wage. The benefit is paid for two months for each year of contributions, up to 36 months.
The minimum duration of benefit entitlement is 12 months.
The minimum monthly benefit is 70% of the legal monthly minimum wage.
The maximum monthly benefit is three times the legal monthly minimum wage.
Lump-sum subsidy: The employer pays 80% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last year for each year of employment (up to 12 years).
Unemployment beneficiaries and their dependents are eligible for sickness, maternity, and family benefits (entitlement may continue for up to 12 months after the unemployment benefit ceases). Periods during which the unemployment benefit has been paid are credited when calculating old-age, disability, and survivor pensions.
Weather-related unemployment benefits: 75% of the insured's hourly wages are paid for up to eight hours a day and 200 hours a year.
National Unemployment Insurance Fund (http://www.cnac.dz/) administers the program.
National Fund for Paid Holidays and Unemployment in the Public Works and Hydraulic Sectors administers the weather-related unemployment benefits program.
First and current law: 1941 (family allowance).
Nonagricultural employees and social insurance beneficiaries.
Special systems for public-sector employees and employees of certain agricultural cooperatives.
Employer: The total cost of the school allowance.
Government: The total cost of the family allowance.
Family allowance: Paid for children younger than age 17 (age 21 if an apprentice with earnings up to half the legal minimum wage, a student, or disabled). The insured must earn at least half the legal monthly minimum wage; have a disability or illness; or receive an unemployment benefit or old-age pension.
School allowance: Paid for children older than age 6. The insured must earn at least half the legal monthly minimum wage; have a disability or illness; or receive an unemployment benefit or old-age pension.
Family allowance: If family earnings are 15,000 dinars a month or less, 600 dinars a month is paid for each of the first five eligible children and 300 dinars for each additional child; for more than 15,000 dinars a month, 300 dinars a month is paid for each eligible child.
School allowance: If family earnings are 15,000 dinars a month or less, 800 dinars a year is paid for each of the first five eligible children and 400 dinars for each additional child; for more than 15,000 dinars a month, 400 dinars a year is paid for each eligible child. The school allowance is paid once a year in addition to the family allowance.


text:
It's back-to-school at Alpine School District, Utah's largest
Tuesday was the first day of classes at Alpine School District, Utah's largest.
By: Scott McKane
LEHI, Utah — The Alpine School District, Utah's largest, started classes Tuesday morning.
The district said 90 percent of students will return to the classroom, with the rest distance learning.
The district is prepared to shift to either a mix of in-person and online, or 100 percent online at any time it is deemed necessary.
Photographs released show some of the changes aimed at mitigating the spread of the coronavirus.
Students will be expected to follow markings along the floors and walls to show which direction they need to walk and how far apart they need to stand.
Plexi-glass partitions have been installed at reception desks and in classrooms, to help maintain a barrier between students when social distancing isn't possible.
Face coverings are required in all schools and students and staff must wash their hands often.
Parents are asked to keep students home if they're showing any COVID-19 symptoms.
Kimberly Bird, an assistant to the superintendent, said that so far, she had seen 100 percent compliance with the rule to wear a mask.
"Students, they're willing to do a hard thing because they want to be in school. Teachers are willing to do a hard thing to put themselves at risk because they believe in teaching," Bird said. "Public education is really the fabric of our society and so we believe that we've gotta have kids back in school."
Not everyone wanted the kids back in school.
Max Wright, whose mother teaches 2nd grade and who represents the Utah County Chapter of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, is against opening classrooms.
"We know that in person classes aren`t safe and we fear because we also know that we don`t have to have them," Wright said. "We know that other places like Salt Lake City and Chicago are doing remote classes. We know it's possible and there's really no reason or excuse to hold classes right now."
In terms of scheduling, Alpine's district calendar has Tuesday as a "A" day and Wednesday as a "B" day, so students need to attend the right classes for their assigned day.
With so many changes for students and teachers, district leaders say they anticipate a bit of a learning curve as individual schools work through all the new safety precautions.


text:
FSU men's basketball adds two recruits
Bulldogs sign forward, guard for 2011-12 season
Posted by Ben Thayer on April 20, 2011 in Sports.
Following an NCAA Division II Sweet Sixteen appearance, the Ferris State men's basketball team added two additional athletes to its 2011 recruiting class.
Forward Tyrin Wade and guard Drew Lehman will join the basketball team as freshman for the 2011-2012 season. The Bulldogs previously inked 6-10 center Jared Stolicker and 5-10 guard Dietrich Lever during the early signing period in November.
Wade, a 6-5 Class B All-State selection from Lansing Sexton high school, averaged 16.8 points and 7.5 rebounds per game as a senior. He led Lansing Sexton to its first a state title in more than 50 years.
Lehman is a 5-11 scorer from Toledo Central Catholic High School. As a senior, Lehman averaged 14 points, four rebounds and three assists per contest. He was named as a second team Ohio Division I All-District selection last season.
Ferris' four-member recruiting class will help fill the void next season as the team loses National Player of the Year Justin Keenan, along with seniors Matt DeHart, Darien Gay and Lou Williams.
The 2010-11 season marked the Bulldogs' most successful campaign since 2005 by earning a GLIAC North Division title and two NCAA Division II Tournament victories.
For more info, check out ferrisstatebulldogs.com/sports/mbkb/2010-11/releases/20110419skt8ma


text:
Couple Arrested after Police Find Methamphetamine on Coke Street
This afternoon, members of the San Angelo Police department's Street Crimes Division and K9 Unit executed a Search Warrant for a residence in the 1500 block of Coke Street. The warrant was issued by Justice of the Peace J.P. McGuire.
During a search of the residence, Investigators located and seized a small quantity of methamphetamine.
Two occupants, identified as Eva Gaitan, 53, and Jose N. Rivera, 54, were detained during the search and subsequently arrested for State Jail Felony Possession of Controlled Substance Penalty Group 1. Gaitan and Rivera were transported to the Tom Green County Jail without incident.
The Department's Patrol Division assisted with today's operation.
Street Crimes Division Arrests, Drug Seizures
On January 31, 2018, the San Angelo Police Department's Street Crimes Division, K9 Unit, and Texas Department of Public Safety's Criminal Investigations Division executed a search warrant at a residence in the 1500 block of Loop Drive.
The warrant, issued by Justice of the Peace Susan Werner, named Kendell M. Stasey, 19, to be in possession of a quantity of marijuana at the residence.
During the search, Detectives located and seized approximately three hundred (300) grams of Tetrahydrocannabinols candy, approximately twelve (12) grams of suspected powdered MDMA, a small amount of Marijuana, and an assortment of narcotics distribution paraphernalia.
Subsequent to the investigation and search, Detectives arrested and charged K. Stasey with two counts of Manufacture Delivery of Controlled Substance Penalty Group 2 OR 2-A >=4G<400G and Possession of Marijuana <2oz. Two others were also arrested and charged — Jay D. Stasey, 23, was charged with Manufacture Delivery of Controlled Substance Penalty Group 2 OR 2-A=4G-<400G and Possession of Marijuana <2oz, and Kerri Jordan, 19, was charged with two counts of Manufacture Delivery of Controlled Substance Penalty Group 2 OR 2-A >=4G<400G, Possession of Marijuana <2oz, and a warrant for Possession of Controlled Substance Penalty Group 1A <20AU (LSD).
In separate investigation, SAPD Crimes Against Children Detectives and Street Crimes Division Detectives became aware of children exposed to drugs at a residence in the 1400 block of Culberson. During the field investigation, Detectives located and seized a quantity of marijuana, Tetrahydrocannabinols oil, and an assortment of narcotics distribution paraphernalia.
Subsequent to the investigation, Destiny R. Torres, 26, and Robert P. Leaptrot, 29, were arrested and charged with Possession of Marijuana >4OZ<=5LBS and Possession of Controlled Substance Penalty Group PG 2 < 1G.
The Department's Patrol Division assisted with both investigations.
Dog Dies, Man Injured in Early Morning Shooting on Volney
January 31, 2018 — At approximately 12:55 this morning, San Angelo Police were dispatched to the area of East 11and Volney Streets for the report of a shooting victim.
Upon arrival, Officers located a 45-year-old man bleeding profusely from the arm, suffering from an apparent gunshot wound. Officers immediately applied a Combat Application Tourniquet (C.A.T) and successfully stopped the bleeding before San Angelo Fire Department Medics arrived and transported the victim to a nearby hospital for treatment of a non-life threatening injury. The victim was later released.
Officers on scene spoke with several witnesses and learned the suspect, identified as Efren L. Delatorre, 35, fled the scene to a nearby residence. Soon after, Delatorre was located at a residence in the 1200 block of Volney Street. He was taken into custody without incident and transported to Police Headquarters for interview.
Subsequent to the field investigation, Detectives with the Department's Criminal Investigations Division learned Delatorre, an acquaintance of the victim, had gone to the victim's residence and shot and killed the victim's dog prior to shooting the victim. Delatorre also pointed his gun at the victim's 41-year-old female acquaintance; however, she avoided injury.
Later this morning, Investigators obtained a Search Warrant for the residence on Volney and consequently located and seized the suspected gun used in the shooting.
Delatorre is facing two counts of Aggravated Assault with Deadly Weapon and Cruelty Non-Livestock Animal Kill/Poison/Serious Bodily Injury.
Detective James Hernandez is the lead Investigator on this case.
San Angelo Police Officers Save Apparent Suicidal Man from Jumping Off Highway Overpass
Just after 11:00 a.m. on Sunday, January 28, 2018, San Angelo Public Safety Communications received multiple calls about a man sitting on the ledge of the Oakes Street overpass in the 300 block of the East Houston Harte Expressway.
Upon arrival, responding Officers observed the man seated on the ledge of the overpass, rocking back and forth. The man was crying and visibly shaken.
In a coordinated effort, Sergeant Ali Shah engaged the distraught man from below the overpass while Patrol Officers Eddie Chavarria and Caleb Wasson positioned themselves in an attempt to grab the man, who appeared to be preparing to push himself off the ledge.
Soon after, Officer Wasson was able to distract the man, which allowed Officer Chavarria an opportunity to grab the man and be safely pulled off the ledge by both Officers.
Mental Health Deputies responded and subsequently transported the 23-year-old man to a nearby hospital for evaluation and treatment.
Traffic was temporarily diverted in the area during the incident.
Street Crimes Division- Led Traffic Stop Yields Heroin, Arrests
Pursuant to an ongoing investigation into heroin trafficking within the city of San Angelo and outlying area, the Department's Street Crimes Division directed an early morning traffic stop on a maroon Dodge pickup truck in near Loop 306 and Foster Road.
The stop, conducted by members of the Department's K9 Unit and Patrol Division, resulted in the seizure of approximately 48 grams of suspected heroin as well as drug paraphernalia commonly used to traffic narcotics.
The vehicle's occupants, which were both suspects in the ongoing investigation, were identified as Carlos Morales, 65, of San Angelo, and Herman Lopez, 53, of Seguin, Texas.
Morales and Lopez have been charged with First Degree Felony Manufacture Delivery of Controlled Substance Penalty Group 1 and Possession of Drug Paraphernalia. Herman was additionally booked for an outstanding Parole Violation Warrant.
MORALES LOPEZ


This course is to familiarize attendees with the history of the Middle East and the culture of regional peoples with special focus in Islam as a religion and as a way of life. Given that Islam is the fastest growing religion worldwide and is rapidly gaining adherents in the United States; knowledge will enable us to develop strategies to bridge the gap between misunderstanding and beneficial engagement with the Muslim community. Attendees will better be able to deal with witnesses, victims, suspects, and source operations involving people from this region. Additionally, this course explores the U.S. intelligence community, intelligence sharing environment, and mechanisms to defeat domestic and global terrorism with and without religious underpinnings.
Describe the key geopolitical and national security challenges in the Middle East region.
Identify the key security issues for each of the nations covered in class.
Identify key emerging domestic and global trends of terrorism.
Explain the origins of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Explain the key cultural elements of pre-Islamic history.
Explain the importance of the demise of the Ottoman Empire after WWI.
Explain the importance of British and French colonization on the Middle East today.
Discuss how independence from colonial rule in the late 1940's shaped today's Middle East.
Discuss the governmental systems of the Middle East nations.
Explain the difference between a house, clan, tribe, and tribal confederation.
Compare and contrast tribal societies and tribal cultural norms with democracies.
Explain how the life of Mohammed shaped Islam.
Explain the history and differences between the Meccan and Medinan periods in the Quran.
Explain the significance in Islam of the date 622AD.
Discuss the political legacy of the Islamic Empires.
Identify the 3 holy books of Islam.
Describe the key difference between Sunni and Shia Islam.
Explain the definition of the Arabic words Dhimmitude, Jizya, Takfir, Kafir, and Ummah.
Explain how Shariah Law is derived from what three sources.
Compare and contrast Shariah Law with Talmudic and Biblical Law.
Discuss the concept of Jihad in Islam.
Discuss what Ramadan signifies for a Muslim.
Discuss the key elements of The Hajj.
Explain the importance of a name in the Arab culture.
Explain the key discriminators as it pertains to Arab naming conventions.
Identify what an "honorific" name is.
Identify the five general categories of Arabic naming conventions.
Discuss interview and interrogation strategies relating to Muslim militants.
Explain the "rapport based" approach to interview and interrogation.
Discuss what makes Islam so appealing to prisoners in correctional facilities.
Discuss the key recommendations for preventing prison radicalization.
Explain the key alternative financing mechanisms used to earn, move, and store terrorist funding.
Explain the workings of a Hawala.
Discuss the steps of the terrorist attack cycle.
Identify the observable precursor activities of a terrorist attack.
Explain what "see something – say something" means.
Identify the steps of the intelligence cycle.
Discuss the formal Information Sharing Environment as developed by the U.S. intelligence community.
Discuss emerging challenges from social media, VOIP, and file sharing programs.
Compare and contrast racial profiling with behavior profiling.
Identify and explain the role of the Terrorist Screening Center.
Identify the 3 Terrorist Screening Center Handling Categories.
Who May Attend: Law Enforcement, Military (Intel only).


text:
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by Gustave Flaubert and Francis Steegmuller
Mass Market Paperback
For daring to peer into the heart of an adulteress and enumerate its contents with profound dispassion, the author of Madame Bovary was tried for "offenses against morality and religion." What shocks us today about Flaubert's devastatingly realized tale of a young woman destroyed by the reckless pursuit of her romantic dreams is its pure artistry: the poise of its narrative structure, the opulence of its prose (marvelously captured in the English translation of Francis Steegmuller), and its creation of a world whose minor figures are as vital as its doomed heroine. In reading Madame Bovary, one experiences a work that remains genuinely revolutionary almost a century and a half after its creation.


Our client is a leading Menswear Retailer and they are looking for an experienced Supervisor to join their team for their store based within Livingston Designer Outlet Almondvale Avenue Livingston EH54 6QX.
The successful applicant's duties include helping manage the team, sales and service, merchandising stock and presentation, plus use of till and card machine. Also you will be required to unload and check off deliveries received to the store for their busy store.
You will be given training on all their stock, which will give you more confidence in selling their products to potential customers. However managerial experience in retail menswear / fashion is essential together with good merchandising skills.
Hours of work will be full time in a varied shift pattern, between centre opening times - Monday to Saturday 9am to 6pm, (late night Thursday till 8 pm) and Sunday 10am to 6pm. (All of which would be advised by an advanced rota). More hours may be required from time to time to cover staff shortages eg: covering holidays and busy periods.
*PLEASE NOTE – by applying to this position, you agree for your CV to be submitted to our client, who shall contact you directly, should your application make their short-list.


text:
Click Here for Items Related To - metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough on: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Bing] [Yahoo] [DuckDuckGo] [Baidu]
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of
local government district
in England. Created in 1974 by the
Local Government Act 1972 The Local Government Act 1972 (c. 70) is an Act of Parliament, Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in the United Kingdom, local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974. It was one of the most sig ...
, metropolitan boroughs are defined in
English law English law is the common law list of national legal systems, legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly English criminal law, criminal law and Civil law (common law), civil law, each branch having its own Courts of England and Wales, ...
as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted
royal charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative The royal prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege and immunity, recognized in common law and, sometimes, in Civil law (legal system), civil law ...
s giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have
city status City status is a symbolic and legal designation given by a national or subnational government. A municipality may receive city status because it already has the qualities of a city, or because it has some special purpose. Historically, city status ...
).Local Government Act 1972, Schedule I, Part I, Metropolitan Counties and Metropolitan Districts Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively
unitary authority A unitary authority is a local government, local authority responsible for all local government functions within its area or performing additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by a higher level of sub-national government or the ...
areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985.Local Government Act 1985 c.51 Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as city regions or combined authorities, with most of the latter having a metro mayor.
London metropolitan boroughs (1900–1965)
The term "metropolitan borough" was first used for administrative subdivisions of the
County of London The County of London was a county of England from 1889 to 1965, corresponding to the area known today as Inner London. It was created as part of the general introduction of elected county government in England, by way of the Local Government A ...
between 1900 and 1965. There were 28 of these metropolitan boroughs, which were replaced by a new system of larger
London boroughs The London boroughs are the 32 districts of England, local authority districts that together with the City of London make up the administrative area of Greater London; each is governed by a London borough council. The present London boroughs ...
in 1965, when the County of London was replaced by
Greater London Greater London is an Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England#Greater London, administrative area in England governed by the Greater London Authority. It is organised into 33 Districts of England, local government districts: the ...
Current metropolitan boroughs
The current metropolitan boroughs were created in 1974 as subdivisions of the new metropolitan counties, created to cover the six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London. The new districts replaced the previous system of
county borough County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control, similar to the Unitary authorities of England, unitary authorities created si ...
municipal borough Municipal boroughs were a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in S ...
s, and urban and
rural district Rural districts were a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the Ad ...
s. The districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1.1 million. Metropolitan districts were originally parts of a two-tier structure of local government, and shared power with the metropolitan county councils. They differed from
non-metropolitan district Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially "shire districts", are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties (colloquially ''shire counties'') in a two-tier arrangement. Non ...
s in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan districts were local education authorities, and were also responsible for social services and
libraries A library is a collection of Document, materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or electronic media, digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a ...
, but in non-metropolitan counties these services were the responsibility of
county council A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries. Ireland The county councils created under British rule in 1899 continue to exist in Irela ...
s. In 1986, the metropolitan county councils were abolished under the Local Government Act 1985 and most of their functions were devolved to the metropolitan boroughs, making them, to a large extent, unitary authorities in all but name. At the same time, however, some of the functions of the abolished metropolitan county councils were taken over by joint bodies such as passenger transport authorities, and joint
fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition ...
police The police are a Law enforcement organization, constituted body of Law enforcement officer, persons empowered by a State (polity), state, with the aim to law enforcement, enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citize ...
waste disposal Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the Waste collection, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, togeth ...
authorities.
Metropolitan district councils
The metropolitan districts are administered by metropolitan district councils. They are the principal local authorities in the six metropolitan counties and are responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection, and roads. The 36 metropolitan boroughs are:
Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London The term metropolitan borough was used from 1900 in the United Kingdom, 1900 to 1965 in the United Kingdom, 1965, for the subdivisions of the County of London and were created by the London Government Act 1899. History Parliamentary boroughs co ...
Borough A borough is an administrative division Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geo ...
Subdivisions of England The subdivisions of England constitute a hierarchy of administrative divisions and non-administrative ceremonial areas. Overall, England is divided into Regions of England, nine regions and Ceremonial counties of England, 48 ceremonial countie ...
* ISO 3166-2:GB, subdivision codes for the United Kingdom * Political make-up of local councils
Map of the UK counties and unitary administrations
Map of all UK local authorities
{{Terms for types of administrative territorial entities, state=collapsed * Districts of England established in 1974 Interested parties in planning in England Types of subdivision in the United Kingdom


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text:
重要なことは経験です。 その理由をご覧ください。
人工知能(AI) & オートメーション
コンシューマーケア
患者エンゲージメント
薬物安全性と医薬品安全性監視
ソーシャルメディアサービス
テクノロジーイネーブルメント
HCLテクノロジーズ
Vaping – A Serious Safety Signal
Bart Cobert
医薬品安全監視、医薬品安全性および規制関連業務に関する執筆者・専門家
There is a major safety issue being discussed widely in the US on e-cigarettes and vaping. There have been significant adverse events and deaths in the US with them. In Europe and elsewhere this seems to be less of an issue because these events have not really occurred there (yet). [See https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/17/health/vaping-us-uk-e-cigarette-differences-intl/index.html]
Nonetheless, this situation is worth examining as it is an excellent example of how adverse events and signaling are done.
First, a brief comment on electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vaping. E-cigarettes are devices that contain a battery which allows the production, by heating of a liquid to create a vapor (aerosol) which is then inhaled by the user. This simulates the hand/mouth action of regular cigarette smoking. The main idea, at least initially, was to provide an alternate way to deliver nicotine without inhaling smoke. The primary indication is to reduce the use of cigarettes and to help people stop smoking. This is somewhat controversial though the FDA and other agencies do feel e-cigarettes have a role to play in smoking cession though it is not clear this method is better than other methods including patches and other delivery systems. Some are concerned that the use of e-cigarettes in non-smokers, particularly teens and children, may lead to cigarette smoking. Most e-cigarettes are manufactured in China.
The vapor in e-cigarettes also contains ultrafine particles of particulate substances and chemicals including glycerin, flavorings and toxic substances such as heavy metals, nanoparticles and even carcinogens. Different manufacturers' products have different ingredients. The general consensus though is that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoked cigarettes as they contain fewer toxins and often lower doses. Of course, the nicotine still remains a toxin in the e-cigarettes. Some people are able to create their own cartridges with various other approved, unapproved and/or illegal substances, particularly cannabis: THC and CBD. These products have been around since about 2003 but use has skyrocketed in the last several years.
The Current Issues
Over the last several months cases of severe pulmonary disease have been reported. The FDA, CDC and other health organizations have issued summaries and warnings about this ongoing situation. Here is a summary as of late September from the New York State Department of Health's Advisory: Update unexplained vaping-associated pulmonary illness issued September 20, 2019 and the CDC.
530 cases of lung injury have been reported in 38 states including 7 deaths in 6 states. The age range has been from 14-69 years of age. Two thirds of the cases are in people between 18 and 34. 16% are below 18. Three quarters are male.
A large variety of products have been used with the vast majority (~75%) have reported using nicotine and marijuana, THC and/or CBD. About 20% used cannabis containing products only and about 4% reported use of nicotine only. Many different brands and products were used.
The clinical presentation includes cough, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, headache, fever as well as nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and weight loss. Onset occurred from days to weeks before medical help was sought. Most cases, at least in New York, required hospitalization and many patients required intubation. X-rays showed bilateral opacities usually in the lower lobes. CT imaging showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities. Bronchoscopy was usually unremarkable but some did show lipid-filled macrophages. There is no specific treatment beyond supportive care though some have reported improvement with steroids.
The cases basically started coming to the attention of physicians and the health authorities in June and July of this year in Wisconsin. Cases started appearing elsewhere in the next few weeks.
36 million marijuana vape pens and cartridges were sold from Aug 31, 2018 to Aug. 31, 2019 in 4 western states where recreational marijuana is legal. It is estimated that about 14 million people in the US are using nicotine e-cigarettes. In 2018 over 3.6 million US young people including 1 in 5 high school students and 1 in 20 middle school students used e-cigarettes per the US Surgeon General's advisory (See: e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov). Many of the products are small and easy to conceal. Some give off no odors thus concealing the use of cannabis and other substances.
The Course of Events
Within a couple of weeks of the initial cases in June and July, it was clear that this was a signal and the issue was picked up by state health agencies, FDA and CDC. This was fairly rapid as one of the very striking early cases was in an 18-year-old girl with no particular reason for respiratory failure. By the time the sixth case was seen, the common factor in all was recognized to be vaping. The Wisconsin hospital held a press conference in late July and soon other health facilities reported similar cases.
The CDC and FDA then moved in with the CDC looking for the likely cause or causes. Vitamin E has been suspected but it was not present in all cases. As of now, no clear cause has been identified.
The public health services and medical authorities have largely warned against using e-cigarettes until this issue is clarified including those who use both e-cigarettes and smoked cigarettes. Flavored e-cigarettes have been discouraged and the President has said flavored e-cigarettes should be banned. Most have counseled young people (and all others) to stop vaping cannabis altogether whether with or without nicotine. Broadly speaking, a cautious and conservative approach has been and should be used.
The EU seems to have a different situation from the US. There seems to be less cannabis use and more nicotine vaping for cigarette withdrawal. Apparently no pulmonary cases have been reported from Europe so far.
Little has been said about the device aspect (rather than the chemicals being inhaled) other than that this has been seen with a variety of devices from several sources.
Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology
What we have here is an issue that combines three major areas of safety and vigilance: drugs/medications, devices and cannabis.
Discovery and Tracking
The pick up of this SAE took about 2 months. Arguably this is reasonably good as it has taken years to pick up other dramatic SAEs in young people (e.g. DES and vaginal cancer in young girls). Because the cases were so widespread across the country things were delayed. It should be clear now that this is an emergency as more serious cases and deaths are being reported and are expected to continue. CDC has said it will report to the public new cases every Thursday. New cases seen by health practitioners should be immediately reported to the appropriate local authorities and as complete a data set as possible obtained asap.
For those doing drug or device vigilance, this reinforces the need to pay close attention to "outlier cases". That is, idiosyncratic, "weird" unexpected cases should rapidly raise a red flag. Otherwise healthy teenagers and those in their 20s who, for example develop life-threatening or fatal lung, kidney, heart disease, should be investigated very thoroughly and reported to the health agencies. Proactive awareness communications should be put out to those in contact with the public and health care professionals. Early discovery is critical.
What we need now is one federal agency to spearhead the investigations with other agencies, universities, companies etc. on the team. There should be an obligatory registry of cases probably at the national level.
For those doing vigilance, it should be clear as to who in the company, government, university etc. "owns" the situation and is in charge. He/she should be empowered and given the resources needed to do a PV investigation. Subject matter experts and consultants should be made available. The criticality and time frame should be clarified: emergency vs non-emergency. There should be a committee and written SOPs in place to cover this. This is actually true for all signals.
All reasonable means, techniques and experts should be used. Perhaps one could start a pharmacoepidemiology vaping study with cannabis now. This would be hard to design and do but at the very least should be considered at the CDC/FDA level.
For those doing vigilance, this means getting either internal or external consultants and experts to advise and help where internal resources are lacking. Data and information should not be hidden but a judicious mechanism used to release important data rapidly. Information should be sent up the chain in the health agency, company etc. Speculation should be separated from science. Folks from the device world should be brought into this situation if they are not already involved when a device is in play. Folks from the marketing and sales divisions should not be involved. The attorneys and regulatory group, of course, will be involved.
A communications strategy needs to be in place. Again, with the direction of a federal agency and "czar/spokesman", a rapid Vaping meeting (e.g. by web) of stakeholders should devise a strategy to communicate to patients and health providers the latest information and recommendations. The science should be clearly separated from the speculation. But it should also be stressed that unless one is vaping nicotine to stop smoking cigarettes, all others should stop vaping nicotine, cannabis etc. till this is clarified. In states where marijuana and/or CBD is legal, one might consider a registry or sales only in limited venues (e.g. pharmacies).
For those doing vigilance, the company or institution should decide what to say and to whom. In general, there should only be one voice speaking for an institution. Once several people start talking, contradictory and conflicting views will emerge. In particular, the social media should be monitored and used for communications where appropriate. This is actually somewhat contradictory to various practices now since companies are not required to search the internet for safety data or SAE cases. The internet, blogs and other social media have been shown to be leading indicators giving early warning for some safety problems. Careful documentation must be kept.
This signal and how the public, the government, the health care workers and the companies are responding is a fine example of what happens on a smaller scale with day to day signals seen with pharmaceuticals. It's providing a good lesson and example of what looks clear in retrospect is actually very unclear during the acute phase of the safety issue.
It will be interesting to see how this plays out. Whether one or more causes is/are found (rapidly) remains to be seen. Whether we will see people having difficulty stopping cannabis vaping will be interesting as this may give us a better qualitative notion of how addictive cannabis is. We may also realize that the route of inhalation of medications has not been well studied other than for some pulmonary diseases and diabetes.
The history of the FDA is marked by the fact that major increases in FDA's regulatory power often occurred after public health disasters (e.g. in 1906 and in the 1930s). Whether this becomes such a disaster with major regulatory changes following remains to be seen.
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COVID-19 crisis brings worker safety to the forefront as the Okanagan marks Day of Mourning
"[COVID-19] drives the point home that we have to be aware of our own safety and not take risks that will injure ourselves and others."
Lethbridge observes Day of Mourning at Mountain View Cemetery
Attendees gathered to remember friends and family members lost in a workplace accident.
B.C. marks Day of Mourning in honour of workers killed on the job
In 2018, 131 people died in workplace accidents or occupational diseases, including exposure to asbestos.
Kelowna bus driver shares story of assault on Day of Mourning
The annual day of mourning pays tribute to workers who die or are hurt as a result of their jobs and advocates for prevention.
'Today we mourn, but tomorrow we fight': Albertans honour 162 workers who died in 2018
The International Day of Mourning commemorates those who have died in a workplace injury or illness and highlights the need to have safer, healthier practices in place to protect employees.
'He died trying to provide for us': Day of Mourning a sombre reminder of workplace safety
"If you're not safe at work, then what are you coming home to? If you're not even able to come home."
At George H. W. Bush's funeral, 5 presidents meet face to face
Five U.S. presidents attended the state funeral of former president George H. W. Bush on Wednesday.
19th Annual Day of Mourning honours lives lost in sex trade
People gathered in Pleasant Hill Park for the 19th Annual Day of Mourning to honour victims of the sex trade.
Day of mourning in Kelowna
Renee Ozee's son died on the job, but she's sharing his story to help raise awareness about workplace safety.
'Even one workplace death is one too many': Day of Mourning observed in N.S.
Dozens of people attended the event meant to commemorate people who have died, been injured, or developed an illness while working or due to their jobs.


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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Antiquities||View Options: | 1 Item3 Items10 Items25 Items50 Items | Sort by price △Sort by price ▽Sort by date | Page 1/4Page 2/4Page 3/4Page 4/4
Roman Bronze, Figure of Perseus Holding Head of Medusa, c. 1st - 3rd Century A.D.
King Polydektes commanded Perseus to fetch the head of Medusa. With the help of the gods, Perseus obtained the helmet of Hades, which made him invisible, a reflective shield, and a magical harpa sword. Stealing the single eye of the Graeae, he compelled them to reveal the location of the Gorgones. Perseus approached Medusa as she slept and beheaded her with eyes averted to avoid her petrifying visage. Invisibility protected him from her vengeful sisters. On his journey back to Greece, Perseus came across the Ethiopian princess Andromeda chained to a rock as a sacrifice to a sea-monster. He slew the beast and brought her with him back to Greece as his bride. He returned to King Polydektes and turned him to stone, before traveling on to his grandfather's kingdom to claim the throne.
Bronzes of Herakles are abundant in the many museum collections reviewed by Forum, but Perseus is missing from most. We did not find any figures similar to this one in the many references checked.AB23901. Roman Bronze, Figure of Perseus Holding Head of Medusa; BnF Bronzes -, Morgan Bronzes -, ROM Metalware -, BMC Bronzes -, Louvre Bronzes -, Choice, green patina, intact except for missing blade and mounting peg on left foot, reverse bronze standing figure of Perseus, 13cm (5") tall, nude but for the Phrygian helmet of Hades on his head, holding Medusa's head by the hair in his right hand, his harpa (blade missing) in his left hand, stand provided; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); rare; $2800.00 (€2828.00)
Roman, Bronze Krater Handle Ornamented with Lions, c. 1st - 3rd Century A.D.
Click here to see the line drawing of Catalogue des bronzes antiques de la Bibliothèque National no. 1446, a nearly identical handle in the Bibliothèque nationale de France published in 1895.AM23903. Roman bronze krater handle; cf. BnF Bronzes 1446, Superb, about as made with the addition of an an attractive green patina, c. 1st - 3rd Century A.D.; 12 cm (4 7/8") tall, on the upper part, which would have been attached atop the rim of the vessel: a lion's head faces inward, its back arching above, between two lions lying in opposite directions, on the lower part: acanthus and scrolls between two snakes with heads upward, ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); $2500.00 (€2525.00)
Canaanite Offering Vessel, Clay Kernos with Four Pedestalled Bowls, c. 1700 - 900 B.C.
In the typology of ancient Greek pottery, the kernos (plural kernoi) is a cult offering vessel, with a pottery ring or stone tray to which are attached several small vessels for holding offerings. The Greek term is also applied to similar compound vessels from other cultures in the Mediterranean, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and South Asia. Amiran photo 350, is a kernos from Megiddo, dated Iron I, 1200 B.C. – 1000 B.C. It has a similar ring base. but with eight ornate vessels of various shapes attached. Amiran assumed it was used in the First Fruits offering and notes the form originated in the Mycenaean-Minoan world. Pande fig. 12 is simpler kernos with three small bowls on a ring (without the pedestals) from Mycenae, Middle Minoan III levels, 1700 - 1600 B.C. We do not know of another example with pedestalled bowls.AL23895. Canaanite kernos, cf. Pande fig. 12, see Amiran photo 350, Choice, reconstructed, c. 1700 - 900 B.C.; 12.5cm tall, buff clay kernos, four shallow bows, each on an individual column pedestal, joined at the sides, holes in the walls connecting them, the pedestals on a ring base, ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); very rare; $2200.00 (€2222.00)
Middle Elamite, Susa, Terracotta Fertility Goddess, c. 1500 - 1000 B.C.
Susa was settled about 4000 B.C. and has yielded striking pottery finds from that prehistoric period. A rich production followed of objects for daily use, ritual, and luxury living, finely carved in various materials or fashioned of clay. Monumental sculpture was made in stone or bronze, and dramatic friezes were composed of brilliantly glazed bricks. Among the discoveries are tiny, intricately carved cylinder seals and splendid jewelry. Clay balls marked with symbols offer fascinating testimony to the very beginnings of writing; clay tablets from later periods bearing inscriptions in cuneiform record political history, literature, business transactions, and mathematical calculations.AT23899. Elamite Terracotta Fertility Goddess; Harper Susa fig. 133, Superb, complete and intact, c. 1500 - 1000 B.C.; mold made, beige clay, 15.3 cm (6") tall, standing facing holding bare breasts in cupped hands, nude but for herringbone shoulder straps crossing between the breasts, earrings, torque necklaces, and bead belly chains, navel and the pubic triangle indicated, ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); $1750.00 (€1767.50)
Byzantine Empire, Levante or Alexandria, c. 5th - 6th Century A.D., Jewish Menorah Lead Token
The purpose of Byzantine era lead tokens is unknown. Many appear closely related to seals differing only by the absence of a cord or channel for attachment to a container or document. Many late Roman and early Byzantine seals have a figural type on one side and a legend in two lines in Latin or Greek on the other side. Seals with a menorah are known, usually with a blank globular reverse, but some also have a name on the other side.JD98657. Lead token, personal token of Rodanos(?); Roma e-sale 53 (7 Feb 2019), lot 504 (same dies), VF, highlighting earthen deposit desert patina, weight 3.077 g, maximum diameter 14.1 mm, die axis 180o, c. 5th - 6th century A.D.; obverse Menorah of seven branches, flanked by lulav on left and etrog on right; reverse PO∆A/NOY in two lines across field, palm frond above; ex CNG e-auction 435 (2 Jan 2019), lot 401; extremely rare; $1600.00 (€1616.00)
Roman Egypt, Silenus Head Terracotta Lamp, c. 2nd Century A.D.
The Getty Museum lamp is slightly larger and a little finer style, but this lamp is very very similar and certainly worthy of any collection. See it here.AL23908. Silenus Head Terracotta Lamp; cf. Getty Museum p. 440, 600; Kestner Lamps p. 417, 405, Fantastic type in nice collectible condition, handle and tip of nozzle missing, a few small bumps and chips, soot marks, length 8.5 cm (3 1/8") long, c. 2nd Century A.D.; mold made, red clay, in the shape of the head of Silenus, with mustache, knit eyebrows, smiling, crown of leaves and fruit alluding to Bacchus, large filling whole at top of head, nozzle at chin, ribbon handle (missing), raised oval ring base; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); $1000.00 (€1010.00)
Northern Syria, Terracotta Flask with Fertility Goddess, Late 3rd - Early 2nd Millennium B.C.
In Excavations at Tell Qasile, Mazar reports finds of two anthropomorphic vessels depicting a fertility goddess. He discusses other fertility goddess vessels found from Egypt to Greece. Some are pierced through the breasts. He suggest they were filled through the top and an offering was made by pouring through the side holes, perhaps milk. The fertility goddess on this vessel does not resemble those on the vessels discussed and referenced and is not pierced through the breasts. It is pierced through a hole that might represent the naval or vagina.
This fertility goddess form with a "bird's beak" nose and annulet eyes and breasts is a type found in considerable numbers in many Northern Syria sites, dated from the 3rd to the Early 2nd millennium B.C. We do not know of another similar vessel.AT23896. See Tell Qasile pp. 78 - 82 for discussion of "anthropomorphic" vessels, cf. Ladders to Heaven pp. 224 - 225, 184 - 195 for similar goddess figures, Choice, complete and intact but for small chips to base, tiny chips to rim; 3.9 cm tall, 3.5 cm to rim of vessel, early 2nd millennium B.C.; pink-beige terracotta, globular flask, flat bottomed trumpet base, short neck, everted mouth, rounded rim, goddess figure attached at side and shoulder with her head extending above the rim, she has a "bird's beak" nose, annulet eyes and breasts, collar or necklace, and arms at sides, goddess and vessel pierced through at her naval or groin; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); $850.00 (€858.50)
Roman, Eastern Mediterranean, Glass Bottle, c. 1st - 3rd Century A.D.
Our specimen is weathered making it in part iridescent and making the original color difficult to determine. Iridescence is a beautiful effect of ancient glass weathering, which distorts the original color and transparency of the glass with rainbow-like colors. The referenced Hermitage Collection bottle is described as clear pink-violet glass. It does appear this piece might have been the same color.AG23897. cf. Hermitage Collection 355, Ontario Museum 222, Corning I 197,, Choice, very tiny chip on rim, areas of encrustation, weathering, iridescent areas, probably 1st century A.D.; glass unguentarium, 8.8 cm (3 1/2") tall, free-blown, violet(?) glass, squat piriform body, long cylindrical neck widening to body, rim everted and then folded in, flat bottom with no pontil mark; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); $700.00 (€707.00)
Roman, Eastern Mediterranean, Glass Double Balsamarium (Cosmetic Tube), 4th Century A.D.
This type was used to store eye makeup. One tube would have held kohl, a black paste made with powdered galena. The other tube would have held another color, perhaps made with an ochre clay (for red or brown) or powdered malachite (for green or blue).AG23900. cf. ROM Glass 458, Corning II 744, Princeton 426, Lightfoot NMS 262, Yale Gallery 321; 11.5 cm (4 1/8") tall, Choice, complete and intact, weathering with areas of iridescence, 4th Century A.D.; double balsamarium, free-blown thick heavy pale translucent blue-green glass, 20.0 cm (8") tall, two tubes joined side-by-side and sharing a thick bottom (made by folding a single tube), deep cleft between the tubes on one side, the other side filled, rim flattened, small handles applied from rim to side, single thin spiral thread decoration applied after folding; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); $700.00 (€707.00)
Canaanite, Line-Painted Ware, Twin Pots, Early Bronze Age IB - II, c. 3100 - 2700 B.C.
The referenced similar double pot was found at Tell es-Sultan. That pot, is ornamented with simple wide vertical stripes. Many criss-cross decorated vessels were also found at Tell es-Sultan. In the Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Negev notes criss-cross bands are also found at Tell el-Farah, Beth-Shean, and Beth-Yerah, dating to Early Bronze Age I and Early Bronze Age II.AT23905. cf. Sala Tell Es-Sultan p. 262, Fig. 6.2 & p. 307, 7 (a bit cruder in form, thick vertical lines); see page 315 for vessels with criss-cross lines, Superb, complete and intact, 10 cm (3 7/8") long, 7.5 cm (3") tall, light brown connected twin pots of uneven size, v-shaped loop handle holed at the top, pots painted reddish brown criss-cross line decoration, ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); rare; $600.00 (€606.00)
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There are a lot of modern gadgets and devices on the market that may seem very useful and that might be tempting for you to buy. But if you don't inform yourself on whether they are actually worth the money that you spend on them or not, you might find yourself buying useless junk. Therefore, if you are wondering if it's a smart decision to invest in health monitoring devices or not, read the following lines. Here you will find out the truth about them in order for you to not make another useless purchase.
If you want to lead a long, happy, and healthy life, you need to have a healthy lifestyle. But it can be really hard to know for sure what you can eat, how much, and how much exercise you need to do. This is where health monitoring devices help. These devices keep track of your overall health, providing you with precious data and information regarding your body fat, heart rate, and even sleep patterns. This way you see for yourself what changes need to be made in order for you to be healthy and safe of any afflictions.
As we already established, health monitoring devices are a good investment. Of course, not all of them provide with the best results. Next, we will show you which are the best health monitoring devices that you should buy due to their amazing quality, and the impressive results that they offer.
A great health monitoring device that you can use to make sure that everything is in order when it comes to your health is the EatSmart Precision Body Analyzer that you can purchase for the price of $150. As seen in the eatsmart precision review, it will give you precise weight and body fat measurements and all you have to do is step on the scale and it will display your heart rate as well. Also, the body fat analyzer allows you to personalize the screen. This way you can select the order of how you want your information displayed.
The Jawbone UP3 fitness bracelet can be yours for the reasonable price of $180. It offers precise heart health monitoring throughout the day. The advanced sleep tracking automatically captures your REM, light, and deep sleep phases. The Smart Alarm will wake you up gently in the morning at the optimal time in your sleep cycle. You can get personalized guidance from the Smart Coach feature of the fitness bracelet. It's compatible with Android and iOS. Therefore, you can connect it to your smartphone to get notifications regarding the device's readings. It has a 7-day battery life. In addition, it syncs wirelessly.


We have investigated the potential impact on organic aerosol formation from biotic stress-induced emissions (SIE) of organic molecules from forests in Europe (north of lat. 45° N). Emission estimates for sesquiterpenes (SQT), methyl salicylate (MeSA) and unsaturated C17 compounds, due to different stressors, are based on experiments in the Jülich Plant Atmosphere Chamber (JPAC), combined with estimates of the fraction of stressed trees in Europe based on reported observed tree damage. SIE were introduced in the EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from the SIE were taken from the JPAC experiments. Based on estimates of current levels of infestation and the JPAC aerosol yields, the model results suggest that the contribution to SOA in large parts of Europe may be substantial. It is possible that SIE contributes as much, or more, to organic aerosol than the constitutive biogenic VOC emissions, at least during some periods. Based on the assumptions in this study, SIE-SOA are estimated to constitute between 50 and 70 % of the total biogenic SOA (BSOA) in a current-situation scenario where the biotic stress in northern and central European forests causes large SIE of MeSA and SQT. An alternative current-situation scenario with lower SIE, consisting solely of SQT, leads to lower SIE-SOA, between 20 and 40 % of the total BSOA. Hypothetical future scenarios with increased SIE, due to higher degrees of biotic stress, show that SOA formation due to SIE can become even larger. Unsaturated C17 BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compounds) emitted by spruce infested by the forest-honey generating bark louse, Cinara pilicornis, have a high SOA-forming potential. A model scenario investigating the effect of a regional, episodic infestation of Cinara pilicornis in Baden-Württemberg, corresponding to a year with high production of forest honey, shows that these types of events could lead to very large organic aerosol formation in the infested region. We have used the best available laboratory data on biotic SIE applicable to northern and central European forests. Using these data and associated assumptions, we have shown that SIE are potentially important for SOA formation but the magnitude of the impact is uncertain and needs to be constrained by further laboratory, field and modelling studies. As an example, the MeSA, which is released as a consequence of various types of biotic stress, is found to have a potentially large impact on SIE-SOA in Europe, but different assumptions regarding the nighttime chemistry of MeSA can change its SOA potential substantially. Thus, further investigations of the atmospheric chemistry of MeSA and observational field studies are needed to clarify the role of this compound in the atmosphere.