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Fairmont's All Star Invitational
Jerry Holtkamp of Williams, Iowa, was a two-time winner of the All-Star race (1978 and '81). - Fairmont Speedway Archives photo
by Lee Ackerman
Fairmont, Minn. - For a number of years, Fairmont Speedway in Fairmont, Minnesota held an All Star race. The 1977 version of this race was actually held in June and was called the All Star 6000. That inaugural event seemed to be in the capable hands of Estherville, Iowa's Bob Shryock. Shryock started on the outside of the front row and led for 39 laps, apparently headed for the win, but along came Council Bluff, Iowa's Bill Martin.
Martin started on the inside of the fifth row and gradually worked his way through the field where he could challenge the leaders. Coming out of turn four on the 40th and last lap he edged ahead of Shryock and picked up the win by the slimmest of margins. It was Martin's first Fairmont appearance in four years. Shryock would settle for second, Willy Kraft was third, Dan Nesteby took fourth and Dick Schiltz finished fifth.
In September of 1978, more than 80 Late Models returned to Fairmont for the second All Star race. Eight races were contested on September 21, with heat race wins going to: Bob Hill, Jerry Holtkamp, Bob Shryock, Arnie Braland, Les Staedel, Bob Saterdalen, Ted Zieman and Jack Harder.
The following night, September 22, a trophy dash, two consolation races and two semi-mains would take place and then it was time for the 40-lap finale. What ensued was a three-car battle. Bob Hill would start on the pole and lead the first 25 laps. On lap six, the red flag waved as Shryock tried to pass Holtkamp on the high side for second. Shryock slid off the track between turns one and two. He would tag on the back of the pack and have to make his way back to the front.
Meanwhile, Hill, Holtkamp and Dave Bjorge continued to wage war up front with Holtkamp making the pass on Hill for the lead on lap 26. Holtkamp would hold on for the win with Bjorge passing Hill for second. The three were never more than a car length or two apart during the entire 40 laps. Gary Crawford finished fourth with Shryock racing his way back to fifth.
1979 would see another huge field of Late Models descend upon Fairmont for the 3rd Annual All Star Race. The event, once again required eight heat races to be ran on opening night with wins going to Bill Martin, Arnie Braland, Jerry Wancewicz, Jim Bruggeman, Em Fretheim, Steve Egersdorf, Denny Selting and Al Druesdow. The first night feature (first and second place finishers in the heat races) went to Bill Martin followed by Gary Crawford, Jim Bruggeman, Steve Egersdorf and Clayton Petersen, Jr.
Promoter Jim Edgington (left) joins 1979 winner Gary Crawford, runner-up Clayton Petersen Jr. and third place finisher Dick Schiltz. - Tom Lathen Photo
After position races and consolation races the second night, the field was set for the 40-lap All-Star 10,000. Jerry Wancewicz and Bill Martin started on the front row and exchanged the lead early on in the race. But the man on the move was Gary Crawford, who had started in the fifth row, but by lap 10 Crawford took the lead and ran unchallenged for the rest of race.
Clayton Petersen, Jr. moved up to take second with Dick Schiltz third, Wancewicz fourth and Martin fifth. The drive of the night was put on by Schiltz. He started in the fourth row of the second consolation race and won. Then he started in the back of his semi and got all the way up to second behind Bob Hill to grab the 24th starting position in the A-main. Schiltz would proceed to drive through the field again to grab the third spot at the end.
If Dick Schiltz left a lasting impression on race fans at the All-Star race in 1979, he would leave a bigger impression on them the following year. After winning his heat and the feature on Thursday night, Schiltz returned for the final night's action (which ran on Sunday after Saturday night's program was washed out) and continued to dominate.
Dick Schiltz won the 1980 All-Star event at Fairmont. - John Vass Photo
First, he won the Sun Dash and a check for $500. Then in the feature event, he quickly grabbed the lead and sailed into the sunset as they say. Schiltz built up as much as a half-lap lead at times and came home an easy winner, pocketing $2,200 for the win. Early contenders Bob Hill and Bob Shryock fell out with engine problems. Other starters had a hard time dealing with the dry track surface. Following Schiltz to the win were Jerry Holtkamp, Bill Martin, Denny Hovinga and Em Fretheim.
In 1981, it was the All-Star 15,000 and there would be a repeat winner, but it would not be without a bit of controversy. Dave Bjorge would lead time trials with a clocking of 19.56 second with Jerry Holtkamp at 19.83. The remaining 40 drivers would all trip the timer at over 20 seconds.
Bjorge and Holtkamp had the two fastest times and started on the front row for the feature. Holtkamp grabbed the lead with Bjorge close behind. At the mid-point of the race Gary Pedersen's hood came off with the assistant flagman throwing the yellow and the flagman leaving the green displayed. This caused Holtkamp to slow down just enough to let Bjorge by. Other positions were scrambled as well.
The race ran several laps more laps and then a car spun out. At this time, the lead was handed back to Holtkamp with the laps ran counting and the other position changes left alone. Holtkamp held off Bjorge the remainder of the race and picked up $2,500 for the win. After the race, Promoter Jim Edgington met with Holtkamp and Bjorge and then confirmed Holtkamp as the winner. Following Holtkamp and Bjorge to the line were Craig Jacobs, Denny Osborn and Lynn Idler.
In earlier action, Bjorge, Holtkamp, Dwaine Hanson and Bob Hill won heats with Bob Shryock picking up the Sundrop Dash, Bob Hesch the consolation event and Willy Kraft the semi.
If Dave Bjorge left Fairmont disappointed in 1981, he did not in 1982. Already a winner in other specials held at the Fairmont Speedway in 1982, Bjorge won his heat, the position race for the pole and the 40-lap feature as well as a check for $3,000.
Minnesota native Dave Bjorge won the final All-Star race in 1982. - Lee Johnson Photo
Nearly 70 Late Models were on hand for the sixth edition of the All-Star race with heat race wins going to Bill Christman, Craig Jacobs, Phil Gadbois, Bjorge, Bob Hill and Roger Tapper. Dave Knott won the C feature and Dick Schilitz the B main.
As for the feature, Bjorge grabbed the lead at the outset and was never headed. Bob Shryock winner of the second place position race would be his closest competition and he would finish second. Mike Smith, Tapper and Em Freitheim rounded out the top five.
The 1982 All-Star race would be the last but during the six-year run of the event, it provided Southern Minnesota and Northern Iowa race fans with some outstanding racing.
Midwest Racing Archives wishes our readers a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
1964 - Hutcherson Named IMCA Late Model Titlist
Dick Hutcherson
Des Moines, Iowa (December 6, 1964) Dick Hutcherson of Keokuk, Iowa combined his own charging style with the amazing stamina of a 1964 Ford to win 29 feature events and National Championship honors on the International Motor Contest Association late model stock car circuit.
Hutcherson, who successfully defended his 1963 title position, earned in prize money alone a total of $21,360 plus a $2,415 share of the IMCA point and current late model fund bringing Dick's overall winnings during 1964 to a healthy $24,175.
He also tallied 3,760 championship points on the circuit - 918 better than second place finisher Ramo Stott, also of Keokuk, Iowa. Perennial front-runner and five-time national champion Ernie Derr ended the season in third place. He and Stott both drove new "hemi-head" Plymouths during 1964.
A reasoned veteran at 33 years of age, "Hutch" has been competing with IMCA since 1959 He was no novice to the speed sport when he joined the association. In fact, he put in several top years of modified competition in Iowa and was Keokuk champ in 1956 and 1958. He has never finished lower than third in the IMCA point standings during those six years.
Hutcherson at present is working at the Holman and Moody plant in Charlotte. N. C, preparing a 1965 Ford for combat on the upcoming IMCA schedule which will get under way at Shreveport, La., in April.
Final Official IMCA Stock Car Point Standings -
1. Dick Hutcherson, Keokuk, Iowa – 3,760
2. Ramo Stott, Keokuk, Iowa – 2,842
3. Ernie Derr, Keokuk, Iowa – 2,665
4. Bob Jusola, Mound, Minn. - 1,611
5. Lenny Funk, Otis, Kan. - 1,513
6. Ole Brua, Albert Lea, Minn. - 1,438
7. Bob Reynolds, Edmond, Okla. - 1,210
8. Bill Thomas, St. Paul, Minn. - 618
9. Gil Haugen, Sioux Falls, S.D. - 505
10. Roland Wilson, Bedford, Iowa - 450
11. Dick Johnson, St. Paul, Minn. - 319
12. Dave Steffens, Eau Claire, Wis. - 337
13. Ralph Wilhelm, Milwaukee, Wis. - 293
14. Jim Washburn, Keokuk, Iowa - 271
15. John Mickey, Columbus Junction, Iowa - 266
16. Leon Bowman, Wichita, Kan. - 168
17. Bill Gibson, Kansas City, Kan. - 118
18. Johnny Beauchamp, Harlan, Iowa - 110
The Battle at Du Quoin; the USAC Stock Cars (1970 – 1981)
By Kyle Ealy
Du Quoin, Ill. – During the 1960's the USAC stock cars at the Du Quoin State Fairgrounds provided thousands of fans with many memorable races. The 1970's, however, provided their version of what made this annual Labor Day Weekend event so special.
Norm Nelson of Racine, Wis., who at age 47 was trying to quit driving but would get behind the steering wheel when his driver, Roger McCluskey, was not available, would win his record fourth Du Quoin 100-mile stock car championship on September 7, 1970.
Nelson had also won at Du Quoin in 1960, 1963 and 1967 and thus became the first four-time champion at Du Quoin. Nelson, driving car #1, a 1969 Plymouth Roadrunner; Jack Bowsher in # 2, a 1970 Ford Torino; and Don White in # 3, a 1969 Dodge Charger, dominated the early stages of the race.
Nelson led for the first 29 laps until White collared him on the east straightaway and took the lead.
On the 46th lap J. C. Klotz flipped in the south turn and made a sensational upright landing atop the guard rail. Several cars took advantage of the yellow flag caution period to make pit stops and Nelson emerged in front again at lap No. 47. He was never headed, again.
The race produced two Du Quoin race records of $31,930 in total purse and 19,948 in paid attendance. Nelson collected $6,066 for his victory and added 200 points to his total in his quest for a national title. The winning time of 1 hour, 21 minutes and 3.4 seconds (84.438 miles per hour) could not match the 1:09:50.42 clocking for Don White in 1966, however, as 23 laps were run under the caution flag.
Verlin Eaker of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, would be the surprise winner at Du Quoin in 1971.
A near capacity crowd of 17,500 stock car race fans sat quietly through almost 90 laps on Sunday afternoon, September 6, 1971, then rose to its feet for a roaring finish in which nobody knew who the winner was.
Verlin Eaker of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, driving a 1971 Plymouth, was announced as the winner even though he finished third behind Don White and Lem Blankenship of Keokuk, Iowa.
Confusion at the finish had been caused by three caution slowdowns of about five laps each on the 25th, 71st and 82nd laps. Jack Bowsher of Springfield, Ohio, driving a 1971 Ford, had led throughout the race and had pulled away more than half a lap in front.
After the third caution period, both White and Blankenship again were running almost on Bowsher's tailpipe. On the 90th lap, White passed Bowsher to take the lead. Two laps later White went wide in the north turn and Bowsher and Blankenship both passed him.
Hitting the north turn on the next lap, leader Bowsher blew his right rear tire and was forced to go to the pits. White led until Blankenship passed him on the 98th lap only to have White speed by Blankenship on the north turn of the last lap and cross the finish line first.
After some conversation, USAC officials ruled Eaker was the first driver to make his mandatory pit stop during the first caution period. He then apparently had gained a lap on the rest of the field in subsequent pit stops by other drivers. Thus, he was the first to complete 100 miles even though he running third at the time.
Eaker, who had claimed the pole with a qualifying time of 39.24 seconds (91.743 miles per hour), earned $5,821 out of the total purse of $30,642. White got $3,983 for second and Blankenship grabbed $2,757 for third. Eaker's winning time of 1 hour, 10 minutes and 56 seconds was good for an average speed of 84.586 miles per hour.
A disappointed Bowsher was credited with seventh but long after the crowd had filed out, he was dropped to 30th and last position. It was reported that his crew had made an illegal tire change after time trials.
There would be no confusion, no discrepancies or discussion when the checkers flew at Du Quoin on September 4, 1972. Jack Bowsher made sure of that…
Bowsher would set a new qualifying record in the time trials then easily won the caution-free 100-mile stock car race on Sunday afternoon before 15,721 racing fans.
Jack Bowsher (21) leads Butch Hartman (75) during the 1972 Du Quoin 100-miler.
Bowsher piloted his Ford Torino to a 36.41 second clocking for a new USAC dirt track record of 98.874 miles per hour to claim the pole. Then in the race he seized the lead and held it comfortably for 30 laps before making the one mandatory pit stop required in the race.
The pit stop allowed Butch Hartman of Zanesville, Ohio, driving a Dodge, to take the lead and hold it until the 76th lap. Hartman had previously made his mandatory earlier and then had to make an unplanned second stop on the same circuit to change his right rear tire.
That second stop cost Hartman the lead as Bowsher zoomed back in front. The Springfield, Ohio, veteran had lapped the whole field except for Hartman and there was no doubt about the winner.
Bowsher's time of 1 hour, 52 minutes and 34 seconds set a new track record (95.432 miles per hour) for a 100-mile race at Du Quoin. Bowsher collected $5,522 of the $29,065 purse. Hartman would settle for second and a payday of $3,778. The all-Iowa trio of Don White, Ramo Stott, and defending race winner Verlin Eaker would round out the top five.
Editor's note: The field of 28 starters included eight Dodges, seven each of Plymouth and Ford, and six Chevrolets.
The 1973 event would start three consecutive years of domination by one driver; Larry "Butch" Hartman.
Hartman would beat 49-year-old Norm Nelson for the win on Sunday, September 3, leading 98 of the 100 laps. Pole winner Jack Bowsher (lap 1) and Nelson (lap 76) were the only drivers credited with leading a circuit.
Hartman, driving a 1973 Dodge, ran the 100 miles in 1 hour, 8 minute and 4.65 seconds. He averaged 88.156 miles per hour and beat Nelson by only three seconds. Hartman earned $5,077 for his win while Nelson claimed $3,662.
Following Hartman and Nelson across the finish line were Ernie Derr of Keokuk, Iowa, in a '72 Dodge, Derr's brother-in-law, Don White, in a '73 Dodge and Ramo Stott in a '73 Charger. A total of 13 of the 30 starters finished the race.
The defending winner, Bowsher, left the race on the 21st lap when he hit the fence in the backstretch. He was credited with 21st in the race.
Hartman would give a repeat performance on September 1, 1974, and so would Norm Nelson. Hartman would pass Nelson on the 96th lap to win the 100-mile USAC stock car race at Du Quoin. Hartman averaged 90.248 miles per hour in his 1974 Dodge. The race was run in 1 hour, six minutes and 29 seconds.
Nelson, the now 50-year-old grandfather, would settle for the runner-up role once again driving a Plymouth. He was followed by Davenport, Iowa's Terry Ryan in a Chevrolet, Ernie Derr in a Dodge and Irv Janey of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in a Dodge.
Ryan, the fast qualifier of the day, led the first 11 laps. Nelson led laps 12 to 69. Ryan led on lap 70 and Nelson regained the lead and held on until lap 96 when he was overtaken by Hartman.
Butch Hartman would dominate the USAC stock car scene at Du Quoin from 1973 to 1975.
Hartman had a dream the night before winning his third straight Du Quoin race on August 23, 1975.
"Just recently my son died of diabetes, my father of a heart attack and a very close friend in an auto accident. I got to thinking about that saying that things happen in threes."
"Then I got to thinking about having won the 100-mile stock car race at Du Quoin the last two years. Why not make, it three, I dreamed," said the mud-spattered Hartman after his victory before a slim 8,137 crowd on Saturday.
The leading stock car driver of the 1975 USAC circuit dreamed well as he won the 100-mile event in the slow time of 1 hour, 11 minutes and 13 seconds for a speed of 84.250 miles per hour.
Only 15 of the 30 starters were running at the finish and Du Quoin State Fair officials were happy so many ran so long. Dust had erased the 50-mile midget event Friday and threatened to do the same to the stock cars on Saturday.
"I never saw the track until I saw the checkered flag," quipped Hartman of the race run in a dust fog.
While Hartman dreamed of threes, Du Quoin State Fair president Bill Hayes and track superintendent Bob Green dreamed of twos.
"We can't have two straight races stopped by dust," pondered Hayes during the time trials when dust did appear to be heavy in the straightaway leaving the north turn.
"I was up all night putting water on the track," said Green. "I don't have much pep left."
The heavy dust threatened to stop the race at the start as the USAC officials whipped out the caution flag on the very first lap. They were back on the green flag at the fourth lap
Jack Bowsher, who won the pole in his Ford with a time of 38.36 seconds, led for 13 laps until Hartman took the lead with Irv Janey passing Bowsher for second position on the 17th lap.
A caution flag on lap 30 sent Hartman to the pits for the one mandatory pit stop. Ramo Stott, Jim Scott, and Don White kept up front for several laps until Stott went high in the north turn on lap 49 as Hartman forged ahead. Hartman led the race to the finish as Sal Tovella finished second in what could have been a surprise ending.
The race went smoothly until the 98th lap when Mark Dinsmore, the slowest of the 30 qualifiers who started the race, spun into the rail on the east side of the track to bring a caution flag.
The caution period gave runner-up Tovella time to get on Hartman's bumper before the last lap but Hartman held his lead to win by 20 yards.
Bay Darnell of Deerfield, Ill., would break the Hartman stranglehold on the August 28, 1976, as he took the first prize of $3,711.
Darnell took the lead on the 79th lap and held on to win in 1 hour, 4 minutes and 58 seconds. A total of 27 cars started the race and 14 finished.
Five different drivers held the lead at one time or another. Pole sitter Jack Bowsher led the first 16 laps before the day's lone caution occurred. Bowsher would use the slowdown and bring his car into the pits, giving the top spot to Butch Hartman, who had started seventh.
Action resumed on lap 20 and Hartman continued to lead the way until the 46th mile when Darnell took over for two circuits. Hartman regained control only to have Darnel take over again on lap 52.
Hartman took the upper hand on the 68th mile, but his lead was short-lived as Steve Drake of Bloomington, Ill., took charge on the very next lap. Two miles later, Terry Ryan of Davenport, Iowa, became the fifth driver to lead the event.
However, Darnell would take over for good one mile later and went on to take his second career USAC stock car victory. Don White would finish second, followed by Paul Feldner of Richfield, Wis., Hartman, and Ken Rowley of El Paso, Ill.
Paul Feldner waves to the crowd during his victory lap at Du Quoin in 1977.
Paul Feldner couldn't have picked a better place for his first USAC Stock car win, when he would win the 100-miler at Du Quoin on August 27, 1977. Feldner averaged 73.968 miles per hour which took 1 hour and 21 minutes to complete. Feldner earned $4,100 of the $23,000 purse.
Feldner, piloting a Dodge, started on the front row, but the opening stages were dominated by a pair of Volare's, driven by Ramo Stott and Ken Rowley. Stott grabbed the initial lead but gave up the top spot to Rowley on lap 15. Stott would regain the point a lap later and stay in front until the 28th mile when he crashed into the turn one wall, ending his day. A broken A-frame was later determined to be the cause of Stott's misfortune.
Feldner inherited the top spot but had little time to establish any kind of advantage when another caution slowed the field on lap 37. Feldner elected to make a pit stop during the yellow flag and Rowley took over first place when the green was waved on lap 40.
Rowley's afternoon would end when he spun his car on lap 53 and tagged the turn three wall. Kevin Housby, running behind Rowley, one lap down, slammed into Rowley's machine, thus ending both drivers' day.
Rowley's departure handed first place to Charlie Glotzbach of Sellersburg, Ind., who brought his Charger into the pits while still under yellow, turning the lead back over to Feldner as they went green on lap 55.
Feldner, his Charger running to perfection, opened up a comfortable advantage, and despite a couple more cautions, would stretch his lead to half a straightaway when the checkers waved. Sal Tovella, who started 17th in the 28-car field, finished an impressive second, while Jim Hurlbert of Mahomet, Ill., took third.
Don White is interviewed in victory lane by Mike Lee after winning at Du Quoin in 1978.
Bay Darnell would be the first to cross the finish line at Du Quoin but it was Don White who would be in victory lane following the 100-miler on August 26, 1978,
Gary Bowsher's spin on lap 97 necessitated a yellow flag. With the green scheduled to return for the final lap, Darnell charged ahead of White as the two frontrunners brought the field around for the start of the 100th mile.
Darnell's actions didn't go unnoticed by USAC officials and although the Deerfield, Ill., chauffeur took the checkers first, he was penalized one position for passing the leader prior to the green flag, giving the White the win.
Ramo Stott had dominated the early part of the program, touring the mile in 37.24 seconds (96.670 miles per hour) during qualifying to grab the pole. He would lead the first 29 miles before pitting, allowing Joe Ruttman to take over.
Sal Tovella would replace Ruttman in the top spot on lap 32 and hold that lead until lap 41 when Stott crashed into the outside guardrail bringing out the yellow. Tovella would pit during the yellow flag allowing Darnell, who had started second, to claim first place on lap 43. On lap 47, White accounted for the final lead change when he sped around Darnell.
White's victory was the first of the year for the Keokuk, Iowa, veteran and increased his career total to 53. Darnell was credited with second, ahead of Terry Ryan, Tom Bigelow (who started 21st) and Tovella.
Rusty Wallace of St. Louis, Mo., would win the 1979 contest at Du Quoin.
It was "A.J. Foyt Day" in Du Quoin, Ill., on August 25, 1979, but the day really belonged to Rusty Wallace of St. Louis, Mo., as the 23-year-old driving star bested Foyt and a field of 22 other USAC stock cars to win the annual 100-miler.
The victory was the first for Wallace on the USAC circuit and paid $4,629 from a total purse of $27,069.
Foyt, who was honored by Du Quoin area merchants prior to the day's racing, set fast time, touring the well-groomed mile in 37.13 seconds, earning the pole position.
It was Bay Darnell, who started alongside Foyt, darting into the lead at the start of the contest and built himself a straightaway advantage by the midpoint of the race. Darnell would pit during a lap 49 caution allowing Don White to take over the top spot on the 50th round.
White would hold the lead for only a couple of laps when Joe Ruttman spun in turn one bringing out another caution on lap 54. On lap 57, Wallace would blast past White on the restart to take the lead.
With his 1979 Firebird performing better than earlier in the day and no more cautions to slow his pace, Wallace led the rest of the way to pick up the win. Don White would settle for second, Bay Darnell would take third, Foyt would grab fourth and Sal Tovella would round out the top five.
Sal Tovella would win at Du Quoin in 1980. - Todd Healy Photo
It would require 101 laps, but Sal Tovella would finally score his first ever Du Quoin victory on August 23, 1980.
The reason for the extra lap in the scheduled 100-mile race was an Alan Kulwicki crash on lap 98, which brought out the red flag. Since the race was restarted under the yellow, its distance was increased to 101 laps because of USAC rules stating the last two laps of any race had to be under green.
Tovella took home $4,946 out of a total purse of $26,929. Joe Ruttman, the fastest qualifier, finished second followed by Terry Ryan. Those three drivers were the only ones to finish on the lead lap.
Dean Roper would grab the lead from his outside front row position until Ruttman took over on the sixth mile. Rusty Wallace would take charge on lap 19 until Ryan became the fourth different frontrunner on the 22nd mile.
Wallace would account for the race's first caution when he slammed his Firebird into the turn three wall on lap 25. Pit stops under the yellow resulted in Kulwicki leading laps 26 and 27 before Tovella took over on 28th try around the mile dirt oval.
The lead would never change hands again as Tovella demonstrated his superiority, dominating the race despite another five additional cautions.
Dean Roper would win the 1981 Du Quoin 100-miler.
Dean Roper of Fair Grove, Mo., would win the USAC stock car race at Du Quoin on August 29, 1981, much the same way as Tovella did; having to go a few extra laps.
The event was slated for 75 miles but was extended to 79 when a late caution enforced the rule that the field had to run the last three circuits under green.
For Roper, it was his third USAC win of the season, all run on mile ovals, all three on dirt surfaces. Sal Tovella, the defending race winner, took second and was followed by Kevin Gundaker of St. Louis and Steve Drake. They were the only drivers to finish on the lead lap.
Lem Blankenship of Keokuk, Iowa, who won the first qualifying heat to earn the pole position, led the first 13 laps of main event before fellow townsman Don White guided his Aspen into the top spot. White continued to pace the field at the halfway point until a caution came out on lap 50 for a spin by Herb Shannon of Peoria, Ill.
White would continue to pace the field after all out action resumed, but would eventually join Ken Schrader, Rick O' Brien, Rick Hanley and Tony Emralino in a multi-car accident on the 62nd circuit. The wreck retired the front-running White and second place Schrader giving Roper command of the top spot.
The event's final yellow came on lap 71 when Blankenship, Dave Bruggink and Ken Rowley tangled in turn three. It took until lap 77 before action could resume under green and Roper warded off Tovella for the win.
Rick O'Brien would win his first career USAC-sanctioned stock car event at Du Quoin in 1982.
Rick O'Brien of Peoria, Ill., would score his first USAC stock car victory at Du Quoin on September 5, 1982. O'Brien took the top spot on lap 96 when Ramo Stott drifted high and wide as the pair negotiated turns three and fur running side by side.
Driving a Buick Regal, O'Brien led the remaining three laps to score the triumph and earn $5,808 from a total purse of $33,000. Stott would settle for second while Joe Wallace of Kansas City took third, giving Regal pilots a clean sweep of the top three positions. Dean Roper (Grand Prix) and Marv Smith (Regal) of Newark, Ohio, were fourth and fifth.
Bay Darnell was the fastest qualifier at 96.850 miles per hour ad led the first 11 laps from his pole position. Butch Garner of Forsyth, Ill., would pass Darnell and rule the next dozen laps before Roper took charge on lap 24.
Stott moved in front on the 30th mile except for lap 58, which was paced by Darnell, stayed in front until O' Brien got the upper hand in the waning laps.
The USAC stock car division had been slowly losing its luster over the past few years with the '82 event only able to field 21 cars. The once-popular division was on its last legs but wanted to keep its flailing division going at Du Quoin as long as they could. In 1983 and '84, they would partner with ARCA in order to attract more cars.
At the end of the '84 season, USAC folded the stock car division forever, allowing ARCA to take full reigns of the Labor Day Weekend race at Du Quoin, an event they still hold today.
Bill Wrich; One of a Kind
Bill Wrich of Kennard, Neb., poses next to his GOTRA car - Photo courtesy of Lee Ackerman
Omaha, Neb. - In 1954, they built a 1/5th-mile track in Arlington, Nebraska near the Washington County Fairgrounds. As the track was nearing completion, a 16-year-old farm boy was helping his dad on the farm and asked his dad if it was all right if he raced at the new track. His dad said, "I really don't care because, I don't think you will like it.
The farm boy raced at the new track on June 20, 1954, winning his heat race and the trophy dash before retiring from the feature with mechanical issues. In 1995, that same farm boy was still racing winning the Grand National Late Model Championship at Sunset Speedway in Omaha. In between, Bill Wrich put a lot of miles on going to racetracks around the Midwest, and he won a lot of races.
Bill finished fourth in the points that first year at Arlington, and twice scored clean sweeps winning his heat, the trophy dash and the feature. In 1956, Bill and wife Joyce even planned their marriage so they wouldn't miss a race at Arlington. They got married on a Tuesday, took a quick honeymoon to Colorado and were back in time for the races at Arlington on Sunday night.
Bill Wrich in the early days of his racing career. - Photo courtesy of Lee Ackerman
In 1957, Bill won the track championship at Arlington. In 1958 while leading the point race by a large margin, he decided to switch tracks and run at Onawa, Iowa, he still finished second in points at Arlington without running the last several races.
In 1961, he dominated racing in the Omaha area winning the track championship at Playland Park in Council Bluffs, Iowa and sharing the track championship at Sunset Speedway in Omaha with Bud Burdick. On Labor Day Weekend 1962, Skylark Raceway in Columbus (then a hot-bed of coupe racing) held the "Five State Mid-States Championship." Fifty-Three cars from five states competed in the race and Bill, without ever racing at the track before, come away with the victory.
In 1964 driving No. 8-Ball car, Bill decided to try out the competition at a new track in Sioux City called Soos Speedway, built over a ballpark. After winning several weeks in a row, he was encouraged by the locals to find somewhere else to race. He also continued to race occasionally at Sunset Speedway during this time.
In 1966, Al Hadan, owner of Sunset Speedway built a 1934 Willy's to race. "It was an interesting car." remembered Bill. "We found a Willy's frame along the banks of the Platte River and dug it out. The first night out we won both features, after that the frame seemed to get weaker and it just never raced well." said Wrich.
In 1968, Bill teamed with legendary Harlan, Iowa mechanical whiz, Dale Swanson and the results were nothing short of spectacular. Driving the legendary No. 55 Swanson Chevy, they won almost every feature at Denison, Iowa that year and ran away with the track championship. They also won several races at Harlan and took the track championship there as well.
In 1969, driving the No. 180 car for Tom Gawley, Bill continued his winning ways and finished second at Harlan and was named the track's top driver. The pair also won a number of events at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, including a last lap pass to claim the bounty put on local star Don Hoffman. In 1969, Bill also claimed his second track championship at Sunset Speedway.
1969 was also the year of Bill's most memorable win, that coming at the Shelby County Speedway in Harlan, Iowa. Bill was cruising along when his left front wheel came off. Instead of dropping out of the race though, Bill just kept going. Bill backed off the gas and limped around the turns, then as he was coming off the turn, he'd hit the gas enough to keep the front wheel-less left front hub just a few inches off the ground until he got into the next corner. He did that for three laps and WON!
In 1970, Bill won the "Speedway Invitational" at Sunset in his back-up car. He raced at Harlan on Friday nights, Des Moines on Saturday night and Sunset on Sunday night. In 1971, due to the success he was having, he was in the running for a ride in a Junior Johnson car, but things didn't work out and the ride went to a driver from South Carolina named Cale Yarborough, who went on to win three NASCAR Cup Championships in the ride.
The 70's saw Bill spending time campaigning in the IMCA fair circuit and with USAC. Bill won IMCA Stock Car events at the Clay County Fair in Spencer, Iowa in 1973 and 1977 as well as a couple of other events at Spencer. He finished fourth in IMCA Stock Car points in 1976 and third in 1977.
On September 10, 1977, his win at Spencer was the last race every held in the old IMCA Stock Car circuit. Bill also tried racing for a time at the I-70 Speedway near Odessa, Missouri on the asphalt. Bill said, "the first time I went down there we won our heat and ran second in the feature. But that was before the interstate was finished and we had a devil of a time just getting there."
Bill Wrich poses in his stock car, 1974 - Kyle Ealy Collection
Bill also campaigned in 1974 and 1975 in several USAC events. He brought home two top-10's including a fifth at the Terre Haute Action Track in Indiana. In looking back, Bill says, "I built my own cars, because I wanted to race Chevrolets. I should have gone down and bought one from Bobby Allison, I would have probably been better off."
He also raced the red No. 54 for Larry Skalberg during this era, mostly in special events. He won the late model portion of the "Sunset Classic" called the Triple Crown event, in 1973 and again in 1977.
Being a farmer, Bill said there were times I was too busy or didn't have the money to race. "When the cattle market was good, I was back racing again." recalled Wrich. In 1995, Sunset Speedway added the Grand National Late Model class, and it's first point champion was an old farmer from Kennard named Bill Wrich. Bill raced the series through 1998 before retiring from the series.
His last race was at the 2000 "Tiny Lund Memorial" in Harlan, which was won by his son Dwight in a car prepared by Bill. One thing about Bill Wrich prepared cars, they usually were very well balanced. Tragically, two weeks after winning the "Tiny Lund", Bill's son Dwight lost his life in a fiery crash at Denison.
Bill raced one more time, at the legends race at I-80 Speedway in 2005. He started in the sixth row and took the lead on the last lap to win the race.
Bill was born on July 30, 1956 on a family farm south of Kennard where he still lives with is wife, Joyce. Their children include; Debbie Kerber of Blair, Jacque Salerno of Omaha, Gayle Russell of Arlington and their late son Dwight. The Wrich's also raised nephews Randy Larsen, who lives in Arizona and Ricky Larsen of Omaha.
While his racing career is over, and having recently had heart surgery, I wouldn't look for him to give up farming to soon. On the other hand, I do know that that old 1958 Ford hauler that Bill used to haul race cars to the tracks with since the late 60's, is still setting in a shed on the family farm, so who knows.
Writer's note; The above was a story I wrote about Bill Wrich for Hawkeye Racing News maybe eight or nine years ago. We just lost Bill and he will be greatly missed by family, friends and the entire racing community. Bill was one of a kind, no doubt about that.
To update this story, Bill stayed on the farm and eventually that old Ford Hauler came out of the shed and carried a beautiful powder blue no. 16 GOTRA car to races across the area as he raced with the Good Ole Time Racing Association. This past summer (64 years after his dad told him he didn't think he'd like racing) he was still behind the wheel. You know the saying, once a racer always a racer, and Bill Wrich fit that description to the letter.
I can't speak for anyone else, but next year when GOTRA rolls into a town that I happen to be at, I'm going to miss seeing that old hauler, and the gruff old guy with a jolly laugh that just made you feel better about life
Bill Wrich was truly one of a kind.
The Original Third Mile Nationals at Eagle Raceway
Omaha, Neb. - In 1968, Eagle Raceway just east of Lincoln, Nebraska started a season ending special event for Sprint Cars and called it the Third Mile Nationals.
On Monday night, September 2, 1968, it was the true outlaw himself, Gordon Woolley of Waco, Texas winning the inaugural Third Mile Nationals/ Woolley charged past Lloyd Beckman on the second lap and despite being challenged most of the race by Beckman, pulled away in the closing laps for the win. Ray Lee Goodwin was third followed by Roy McCain in fourth.
Gordon Woolley won the inaugural Third Mile Nationals - Leroy Byers Photo
Beckman won the dash and his heat. Other heats went to Lonnie Jensen and John Stevenson. Kenny Gritz won the Junior Championship (B feature) with a last lap pass of Dutch Buettenbach.
In 1969, it was veteran Kansas City chauffeur Dick Sutcliffe behind the wheel of the Gary Hanna Chevy taking the lead almost immediately from his inside second row starting position and sailing to the win in the 30-lap feature before a capacity crowd to pick up the $1,250 first place money.
Dick Sutcliffe was the 1969 winner at Eagle
'Little' Joe Saldana set fast time of 16.26 seconds then broke a driveshaft in his car and borrowed the car of Frank Brennfoerder, started 8th and put on a great drive to finish second. Pole sitter Lloyd Beckman finished third followed by Eddie Leavitt in the Brewer Chevy and Jay Woodside.
Ed Bowes won the Junior Championship (B feature) taking the lead from Larry Upton when Upton's engine expired. Chuck Kidwell and Glenn Robey followed. Second fast qualifier Lloyd Beckman won the dash and his heat. Lonnie Jensen and Dick Sutcliffe won the other heats and Roy McCain the B feature.
The 1970 Third Mile Nationals can be described in one word "Controversial." Things kicked off on Sunday night with 35 cars taking time and Lincoln's Lonnie Jensen setting fast time at 15.85 followed at 15.99 by Ed Bowes. Heats went to Kenny Parde, Jerry Everett, Roger Rager and Jim Golden. Dennis Oltman won the dash with Jan Opperman winning the B. Fast Qualifier Lonnie Jensen was the victim of a wild flip which eliminated him from further competition.
In the feature which was a total inversion, Beatrice, Nebraska's Kenny Parde started deep in the field and drove to a win in the Junior Third Mile Nationals over Roger Rager, who also started deep in the field. Pole sitter Dan Holliman would finish third followed by Jim Golden and Frank Brennfoerder.
On Monday night heats were won by Lonnie Jensen, Jan Opperman, Ray Lee Goodwin and Denny Oltman. Ed Bowes took the dash over Ray Lee Goodwin and the "Roarin' Rebel" Roy McCain won the B.
It was time for the 50-lap Third Mile National feature and that's where all the controversy would come in. Lonnie Jensen would start on the pole but was passed very early on in the going by Ray Lee Goodwin. Goodwin would soon develop handling problems. The problem which turned out to be a broken torsion bar slowed Goodwin to a crawl on the backstretch and Jan Opperman looking to take the lead hooked Goodwin's tire. This sent Goodwin into the infield and Opperman setting on the edge of the racetrack.
For whatever reason, the race was allowed to go for a lap before the yellow came out to check on Opperman, who was apparently shaken in the incident. When the race was resumed with 17 laps remaining Jensen had the lead and Opperman was sent to the tail and scored one lap down. Opperman then stormed through the field passing Jensen on the last lap for what appeared as the win.
Opperman went to victory lane and Jensen went to the pits. Then they rolled Jensen's car back on the track and Larry Swanson, Jensen's car owner protested giving the win to Opperman. After a long discussion officials declared Jensen the winner contending the Opperman had done nothing more than unlap himself. The ensuing argument lasted well into the morning. "I thought there was going to be a riot." remembers long-time racing historian Bob Mays. "It was really a wild scene.
The official order of finish would be Jensen, Ed Bowes, Roger Rager, Stan Borofsky and Don Droud with Opperman being scored 8th.
In 1971, it was Topeka's Dell Schmidt claiming the 30-lap Junior Championship on Sunday night over Lloyd Beckman, Ray Lee Goodwin, Jay Woodside and Dennis Oltman. Beckman set fast time of 15.69 seconds for fast time. Goodwin made a last lap pass of Oltman to win the dash. Beckman, Droud and J.J. Riggins won heats.
Kansas City's Ray Lee Goodwin won the 1971 Third Mile Nationals. - Kyle Ealy Collection
Ray Lee Goodwin held off the challenges of the persistent Jay Woodside to claim the $1,250 first prize in the 50-lap Third Mile Nationals on Monday night. Ralph Blackett, Larry Upton and Ken Parde rounded out the top five. Beckman, Jensen and Oltman all retired early in the race that saw only 9 of the 19 starters finish the race. Jensen won the dash and his heat with other heat wins going to Beckman, Woodside and Goodwin.
The 1972 Third Mile Nationals would go to an invader in California's Jimmy Boyd who picked up a $1,500 pay check. Boyd charged from his 4th row starting position to claim the win over Beckman, Thad Dosher, Dick Sutcliffe and Gerald Bruggeman. It was the biggest win of Boyd's up to that time and one of the major upsets in Sprint Car Racing. The race saw Don Maxwell eliminated early by a nasty flip in turn one. Don Droud set fast time at 16.29 seconds. Beckman won the dash with heats going to Bruggeman, Beckman, Boyd and Droud.
In Sunday nights' Junior Championship, it was Lonnie Jensen taking the win over Sutcliffe, Goodwin, Upton and Boyd. Heats went to Roger Larson, Goodwin, Beckman and Upton with Gordon Woolley winning the B.
Eddie Leavitt would be the last Third Mile Nationals champion in 1973. - Al Major Photo
The 1973 Nationals belonged to Eddie Leavitt. First he won the Junior Nationals on Sunday night with a last lap pass of Dick Sutcliffe and on Monday night he drove away from the field to win the Third Mile Nationals.
While attempts were made to run the Third Mile Nationals after 1973, that was the last true Third Mile Nationals for many years. Memories of the Third Mile Nationals are awakened each year with the running of both the Eagle Nationals and the season ending Nebraska Cup at Eagle the week after Labor Day.
Special Thanks go to well known Sprint Car Historian Bob Mays for his help with this story.
The Battle at Du Quoin; the USAC Stock Cars (1970 ...


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Krzymosze [] es un pueblo ubicado en el distrito administrativo de Gmina Mordy, dentro del Condado de Siedlce, Voivodato de Mazovia, en el este de Polonia central. Se encuentra aproximadamente a 6 kilómetros al suroeste de Mordy, a 14 kilómetros al este de Siedlce, y a 101 kilómetros al este de Varsovia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades del voivodato de Mazovia

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John R. Lewis, front-line civil rights leader and eminence of Capitol Hill, dies at 80
Breaking News / July 18, 2020
John R. Lewis, a civil rights leader who preached nonviolence while enduring beatings and jailings during seminal front-line confrontations of the 1960s and later spent more than three decades in Congress defending the crucial gains he had helped achieve for people of color, has died. He was 80.
His death was announced in statements from his family and from House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. Advisers to senior Democratic leaders confirmed that he died July 17, but other details were not immediately available.
Mr. Lewis, a Georgia Democrat, announced his diagnosis of pancreatic cancer on Dec. 29 and said he planned to continue working amid treatment. "I have been in some kind of fight — for freedom, equality, basic human rights — for nearly my entire life," he said in a statement. "I have never faced a fight quite like the one I have now."
His last public appearance came at Black Lives Matter Plaza with D.C. Mayor Muriel E. Bowser (D) on a Sunday morning in June, two days after taping a virtual town hall online with former president Barack Obama.
While Mr. Lewis was not a policy maven as a lawmaker, he served the role of conscience of the Democratic caucus on many matters. His reputation as keeper of the 1960s flame defined his career in Congress.
When President George H.W. Bush vetoed a bill easing requirements to bring employment discrimination suits in 1990, Mr. Lewis rallied support for its revival. It became law as the Civil Rights Act of 1991. It took a dozen years, but in 2003 he won authorization for construction of the National Museum of African American History and Culture on the Mall.
In 2012, when Rep. Paul C. Broun (R.-Ga.) proposed eliminating funding for one aspect of the Voting Rights Act, Mr. Lewis denounced the move as "shameful." The amendment died.
Mr. Lewis's final years in the House were marked by personal conflict with President Trump. Russia's interference in the 2016 election, Mr. Lewis said, rendered Trump's victory "illegitimate." He boycotted Trump's inauguration. Later, during the House's formal debate on whether to proceed with the impeachment process, Mr. Lewis had evinced no doubts: "For some, this vote might be hard," he said on the House floor in December 2019. "But we have a mandate and a mission to be on the right side of history."
Born to impoverished Alabama sharecroppers, Mr. Lewis was a high school student in 1955 when he heard broadcasts by the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. that drew him to activism.
"Every minister I'd ever heard talked about 'over yonder,' where we'd put on white robes and golden slippers and sit with the angels," he recalled in his 1998 memoir, "Walking With the Wind." "But this man was talking about dealing with the problems people were facing in their lives right now, specifically black lives in the South."
Mr. Lewis vaulted from obscurity in 1963 to head the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which he helped form three years earlier. SNCC, pronounced "snick," had quickly become a kind of advance guard of the movement, helping organize sit-ins and demonstrations throughout the South.
Within weeks of taking over SNCC, Mr. Lewis was in the Oval Office with five nationally known black leaders, including King, Whitney Young, A. Philip Randolph, James Farmer and Roy Wilkins.
Labeled the "Big Six" by the press, they rejected President John F. Kennedy's request to cancel the March on Washington planned for that August that promised to lure hundreds of thousands of protesters to the doorstep of the White House to push for strong civil rights legislation. The president argued that the march would inflame tensions with powerful Southern politicians and set back the cause of civil rights.
From the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, King delivered his aspirational "I Have a Dream" speech. Mr. Lewis, at 23 the youngest speaker, gave a prescient warning: "If we do not get meaningful legislation out of this Congress, the time will come when we will not confine our marching to Washington. . . . We must say, 'Wake up, America, wake up!' For we cannot stop, and we will not be patient."
The toughest of the major addresses, Mr. Lewis's text had in fact been toned down earlier that day at the behest of his seniors — including King, his mentor. They feared that explicit condemnation of the Kennedy administration's timidity and the threat of a "scorched earth" approach would create a political backlash. (With the death of Mr. Lewis, all of the speakers from the March are now deceased.)
The contrast with his elders symbolized Mr. Lewis's unusual role in those tumultuous years. At critical moments, he rebuffed their advice to give legislation or litigation more time. Handcuffs and truncheons never dulled his belief in confrontation. Yet he stoutly opposed the militant black nationalists such as Stokely Carmichael who would later take over SNCC.
As the last survivor of the "Big Six," Mr. Lewis was the one who kept striving for black-white amity. Time magazine included him in a 1975 list of "living saints" headed by Mother Teresa. With only mild hyperbole, the New Republic in 1996 called him "the last integrationist."
Taylor Branch, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the civil rights movement who had known Mr. Lewis since the mid-60s, said in an interview, "His most distinguishing mark was steadfastness. He showed lifelong fidelity to the idea of one man, one vote — democracy as the defining purpose of the United States.
"John Lewis saw racism as a stubborn gate in freedom's way, but if you take seriously the democratic purpose, whites as well as blacks benefit," Branch added. "And he became a rather lonely guardian of nonviolence."
On Inauguration Day 2009, Obama, the country's first black president, gave Mr. Lewis a photo with the inscription: "Because of you, John." It joined a memorabilia collection that included the pen President Lyndon B. Johnson handed him after signing the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Ironically, Mr. Lewis had backed the front-runner, Hillary Clinton, in the nominating contest's early days because of a personal bond with both Clintons. But he switched allegiance once Obama gained some traction.
The bigger revolt
John Robert Lewis was born Feb. 21, 1940, near Troy, Ala., the third of 10 children of Eddie Lewis and the former Willie Mae Carter. Tenant farmers for generations, they saved enough money to buy their own 100 acres in 1944.
John — called Preacher because he sermonized chickens — was the odd child out. He loved books and hated guns. He never hunted small game with other kids. His petition for access to the Pike County library went unanswered.
"White kids went to high school, Negroes to training school," Mr. Lewis told the New York Times in 1967. "You weren't supposed to aspire. We couldn't take books from the public library. And I remember when the county paved rural roads, they went 15 miles out of their way to avoid blacktopping our Negro farm roads."
College seemed impossible until the family learned of the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville. Aspiring black preachers willing to take campus jobs could attend free.
He arrived determined to perfect his "whooping" — preaching at a high emotional pitch — but he soon found the pull of social activism irresistible. With other Nashville students, he came under the influence of a Vanderbilt graduate student, James Lawson, who had been imprisoned for refusing military service during the Korean War.
Years later, Mr. Lewis successfully applied for conscientious objector status during the Vietnam conflict and broke with Johnson over the war issue earlier than the other "Big Six" leaders.
In ad hoc workshops, Lawson taught "New Testament pacifism" (how to love rather than strike the enemy tormenting you) and Gandhi-style civil disobedience (staying calm when punched in the head).
These lessons mattered in 1960 as the Nashville Student Movement conducted sit-ins aimed at forcing retailers to allow black customers to use the stores' eateries. Mr. Lewis experienced his first arrest when police collared the quiet young demonstrators, not the roughnecks who had been knocking them off stools.
As the Nashville campaign broadened to include other targets, Thurgood Marshall, the NAACP's legal lion, delivered a lecture at Fisk University in Nashville, advising restraint. Don't go to jail, he suggested. Let the NAACP go to court.
Mr. Lewis was appalled. Marshall's admonitions, he said, "convinced me more than ever that our revolt was as much against this nation's traditional black leadership structure as it was against racial segregation and discrimination." The students ultimately prevailed in Nashville.
King wanted to blend the Nashville activists and counterparts elsewhere into an SCLC youth auxiliary. But Lawson argued that SCLC was too cautious. Discussions on the issue led to SNCC's creation in 1960. Mr. Lewis was an enthusiastic recruit.
Even before Mr. Lewis graduated in 1961 with his preacher's certificate, he no longer aspired to the ministry. With other SNCC members from Nashville, he volunteered to join an older group, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), in riding inter-state buses throughout the South. The Supreme Court had already ruled that depots could not be segregated, but that decision was being ignored.
The "Freedom Rides" aroused fierce resistance. Arsonists torched buses in Anniston, Ala., and Birmingham. In several cities, police either looked the other way while crowds beat the riders or arrested the so-called "outside agitators." Violence became so serious that CORE withdrew.
The SNCC contingent refused to quit. Mr. Lewis, who absorbed his share of bruises and arrests, wound up spending 22 days in Parchman Farm, a Mississippi penitentiary infamous for primitive conditions. But the Freedom Rides drew national attention to the desegregation campaign and attracted recruits. And the Kennedy administration began formal implementation of the Supreme Court decision.
SNCC gained prominence and confidence in its strategy. "We now meant to push," Mr. Lewis recalled. "We meant to provoke."
But the group suffered growing pains, including unstable leadership. In June 1963, SNCC's third chairman resigned suddenly. Mr. Lewis came to Atlanta for an emergency meeting. It ended with his election as chairman.
Chronically broke, SNCC paid its chairman $10 a week plus rent for a dingy apartment. Mr. Lewis would hold the post for three years — longer than anyone else — but tensions scarred his experience. Continued attacks on blacks in the South, growing unrest in northern ghettos and the fact that mainstream leaders declined to break with Lyndon Johnson combined to strengthen SNCC's separatist element.
Carmichael, that faction's charismatic leader, preached black nationalism and criticized Mr. Lewis as too measured and accommodating, a "little Martin Luther King." In 1966, Carmichael (who later renamed himself Kwame Ture) was chosen chairman. SNCC's white members were shunted aside and urged to leave. Even 30 years later, Mr. Lewis would say of his ouster: "It hurt me more than anything I've ever been through."
Mr. Lewis eventually returned to Atlanta to join the Southern Regional Council, which sponsored community development. In 1968, he joined Robert Kennedy's campaign for the Democratic nomination for president, as a liaison to minorities. He was with the entourage in Los Angeles when Kennedy was assassinated.
Although the murder devastated him, campaigning had sharpened Mr. Lewis's interest in seeking public office. So did his marriage, later that year, to Lillian Miles, a librarian by profession but a political junkie by avocation. She was one of his principal advisers until her death in 2012.
Survivors include a son, John-Miles Lewis.
On both social and economic issues, Mr. Lewis lived up to the label he put on himself: "off-the-charts liberal." Like other members of the Black Caucus, he consistently opposed domestic spending cuts. But he was just as vehement in his opposition to the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court, although many blacks — particularly Georgians — disagreed.
Unlike some other black notables, Mr. Lewis refused to participate in Louis Farrakhan's 1995 Million Man March in Washington. He also denounced Farrakhan's anti-Semitic rants. When needled about racial loyalty, Mr. Lewis liked to say, "I follow my conscience, not my complexion."
In 2010, Obama awarded Mr. Lewis the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the country's highest civilian honor. He continued to say that his conscience demanded that he teach young people the legacy of the civil rights movement. In 2013, he began a trilogy in comic book form called "March." When a former supporter of the Ku Klux Klan named Elwin Wilson popped out of history in 2009, asking forgiveness for having severely beaten then-Freedom Rider Lewis in 1961 at a Greyhound bus station in Rock Hill, S.C., Mr. Lewis took him on three TV shows to show that "love is stronger than hate."
He revisited the Edmund Pettus Bridge on anniversaries of Bloody Sunday, often accompanied by political leaders of both parties. "Barack Obama," he mused, "is what comes at the end of that bridge in Selma."
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Tamar Braxton Rushed To Hospital After Possible Suicide Attempt
Son of Federal Judge killed After Gunman Opened Fire at Her New Jersey Home
Tamar Braxton is reportedly recovering in the hospital after being found unresponsive on Wednesday. Braxton, 43, is being...

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Home Arts & Entertainment The eras of Taylor Swift, ranked
The eras of Taylor Swift, ranked
Payton Barry - Pop Culture Editor
Image used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Credit: GabboT on Flickr
Global sensation Taylor Swift is set to perform shows throughout the United States next year for The Eras Tour. Since tickets have gone on sale, fans and critics have been debating which albums have been the most impactful.
Taking matters into my own hands, I have decided to discuss my personal ranking of the eras. Out of respect for Swift, "Fearless" and "Red" will be judged on their re-recording cycles.
For more staff opinions on Taylor Swift, take a look at the "42Swifties" podcast.
10. Fearless (Taylor's Version) (2021)
After assuring fans that she was re-recording the records that she lost the masters to, Swift started off with the release of "Fearless (Taylor's Version)". The album is full of memorable country hits like "You Belong With Me" and "Love Story", but Swift surprised fans by adding some unreleased songs from her music vault. The vault tracks, specifically "Mr. Perfectly Fine" and "We Were Happy" were nothing short of exciting to hear. Although it was refreshing to hear a more mature version of Swift's signature country album, the roll out was her most underwhelming to date. Knowing that this record previously won Album of the Year at the 2010 Grammy Award Ceremony, you would expect bold promotion and visuals for the re-release. Sadly, the only new visual that we saw was the album cover. With the album not being her strongest, plus a lack of an exciting roll out, the era was not Swift's best.
9. Taylor Swift (Debut) (2006)
Making her big break with her self-titled debut, "Taylor Swift" is a collection of songs that prepared audiences for the powerhouse that was in the making. With the release of unforgettable hits like "Teardrops On My Guitar" and "Our Song", Swift gave the world a taste of her detailed songwriting and twangy vocals. The album is a very innocent take on high school romances and heartbreak. Songs like "Cold As You" and "I'm Only Me When I'm With You" show Swift at her best, creating songs with interesting storytelling that consistently build. The music videos for this era were budget-friendly, but still managed to gain a lot of attention from the public. As a whole, the era is nowhere near her best, but the album was essential for her to become the star that she is today.
8. reputation (2017)
Years after her feud with Kanye West, Swift returned to the scene with her most divisive album to date. Taking elements from trap music and electropop, "reputation" instantly grabbed the attention of listeners. Certain parts of the album have gone on to age well, while others have done the opposite. Songs like "Getaway Car" and "Call It What You Want" are peaks on the album, having distinct production and well-crafted songwriting. Moments on the album like "End Game" and "King of My Heart" have a lot of potential, but the final product ends up falling flat. Although the album was not as tasteful as previous releases, she managed to create a consistent aesthetic for this era. With dark color schemes and slithering snakes, Swift poked fun at the villain that the public painted her out to be. In the end, Swift won over the attention of the general public once again.
7. Midnights (2022)
Breaking records left and right, "Midnights" has shown that Taylor Swift is not going anywhere anytime soon. The critically acclaimed album goes in many different directions, covering topics like intimacy and nostalgia. "You're On Your Own, Kid" is a personal favorite, which stands out for its melancholic feel and gut-wrenching lyrics about moving forward. Swift also decided to let loose with this album, using playful writing and instrumentation on tracks like "Karma". Although the album has its very catchy peaks on songs like "Anti-Hero" and "Bejeweled", certain parts of the album lack the substance that the rest of the record has. Specifically, tracks like "Vigilante S—" and "Question…?" are deep cuts that fall flat both lyrically and instrumentally. Despite questionable lows, this era has given audiences visuals filled with theatrics and hints at future releases. Mixing high-budget set designs with graceful outfits, Swift proved herself as capable of making her music an auditory and visual experience.
6. Lover (2019)
Swift completely changed the direction of her sound once again with the release of "Lover". While listening to the carefree record, you hear Swift diving deep into the concept of affection. The Grammy nominated album spawned charming hits "Paper Rings" and "Lover". The record also approaches the idea of healing with personal favorites like "Daylight" and "Soon You'll Get Better". There are certain points in the record where the lyrics plateau, but the album is overall solid. In addition, the music videos for this era were top tier. The video for the title track, "Lover", is a personal favorite from Swift's entire discography. The color schemes and the aesthetics of each scene in the music video are mesmerizing, but still remain simple. Due to the spread of COVID-19, Swift had to cancel her tour for the safety of herself and her fans. Although the era was cut short, its legacy is remembered as an album for healing.
5. Speak Now (2010)
With thousands of misogynistic comments being thrown in her direction, Swift decided to write an entire album all by herself. The singer gained the respect of the public and critics, by proving headlines and publications wrong about who writes her songs. The visuals for this era were nothing notable, but the album itself was a huge turning point for Swift. The album gained a new level of commercial success, selling over 1 million copies in its first week. The album's tracklist is nothing short of dynamic. Songs like "The Story of Us" and "Haunted" continuously build, and are overflowing with energy. The album switches moods entirely with songs like "Last Kiss" and "Dear John", being slow songs that make the listener want to scream the lyrics into their pillowcase.
4. evermore (2020)
Following the success of her previous 2020 release, Taylor released her record "evermore" as the "sister album" to "folklore". Like her last project, the album was met with general praise from fans and critics. The visuals for this era were simple, yet mesmerizing. In the music video for "willow", small details and well-edited visuals helped the audience to get a glance of what this roll out was going to bring. The record has a cozy feel to it that has aged well, which makes it more addicting to go back and listen to. Songs like "dorothea" and "right where you left me" standout on the album, by focusing on the concept of memories and longing. On tracks like "no body, no crime", Swift played around with the idea of perspectives. This, as well as detailed imagery, made her songwriting have the ability to tell stories. The record is nothing short of a great listen, but it still feels a bit too similar to her "sister album" at certain points.
3. Red (Taylor's Version) (2021)
After months of speculation, Swift posted a video of the vault tracks for "Red (Taylor's Version)" on her Instagram. Later in 2021, the release of the album broke the internet. From having the Empire State Building light up their building in red lights to live forecasters sneaking song titles into their weather reports, the album took the world by storm. Hearing a mature version of songs personal favorites like "Holy Ground" and "State of Grace" made the listen both refreshing and familiar. The release of "All Too Well: The Short Film" enhanced the era even more, giving a fan favorite song a visual experience to follow it. The re-release gained Swift notable accolades, including her most critically acclaimed album to date. From the vault tracks to the visuals, Swift managed to make an old era feel brand new again.
2. folklore (2020)
During the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, "folklore" was released as a surprise album for fans struggling at that point in time. With a minimalist sound, and fitting visuals that accompanied the record, Swift managed to win over the likes of the general public and critics. The pop star's songwriting on this record is undeniably her best to date, showcasing her ability to create storylines and unique imagery at the same time. Fan favorites like "the last great american dynasty" and "invisible string" are standouts on the record, displaying her detailed and clever way of songwriting. Emotional deep cuts like "my tears ricochet" and "hoax" show how diverse her songwriting can be by creating a darker side to the record. The album has no skips, from beginning to end, and is personally my favorite album by Swift. The simplistic, yet effective, roll out of this album broadened Swift's discography, as well as her fanbase.
1. 1989 (2014)
Full of memorable songs that sparked conversations everywhere, "1989" is arguably Swift's most risky album. Ditching her signature country sound entirely, the singer decided to redirect her sound by creating a synth-pop record. The themes displayed throughout the album are the perfect mix of playful and emotional. Tracks like "Blank Space" and "Clean" stood out for her songwriting, showing that her penmanship was nothing short of well-thought out. The album was rightfully applauded by both fans and critics, notably earning her the Album of the Year award at the 2016 Grammy Awards Ceremony. The music was one of the many elements that made this era as memorable as it was. From the album cover to music videos, Swift used elements from previous decades to create timeless visuals. The singer gained widespread praise from these visuals, including the Video of the Year award for "Bad Blood" at the 2015 MTV VMA's. From start to finish, the era was what solidified Taylor Swift as a household name.
Being in the spotlight for almost two decades, Taylor Swift has proven herself as a staple in modern music. Whether Swift drops an album with a release date or not, her notable career has audiences intrigued about what she will do for her next era.
Hi, my name is Payton Barry. I am a senior at OHS, and this is my first year being a part of the staff at 42Fifty. I am involved in some of our school's extracurricular activities, which include Commotion and Theater. I adore music, pop culture, and I am beyond excited to be an Arts & Entertainment editor!
https://oh42fifty.org/author/paytonbarry/
SZA's latest album 'SOS' is alarmingly great
Slay or Nay, Episode 1: Joji's 'Smithereens'
'Loving is Easy' for Rex Orange County, but letting fans down was easier
Reflecting on the sudden rise of Steve Lacy


On Sunday I quite unintentionally picked up my girls from church while wearing spandex. The day after that I found myself grocery shopping in my bathing suit (tank) top. This wasn't exactly how I imagined myself behaving in my thirties.
My depression radar has gone up over the past couple weeks. I feel lethargic and stoic and energyless and my self-care has lagged. Then it occurred to me that I may just be tired. Superman and I have gone on many bike rides together, each one longer than the last, as we (meaning I) prepare for the 34 mile ride (50K!) we'll do together on Saturday.
Speaking of depression, this September has gone much more smoothly than last year. I'm thankful.
I'm glad I discovered your blog, after discovering that you had discovered mine! We should hang out!


Barbarian Productions follow their 2014 work Political Cuts with Wellington hairdresser Jason Muir by working with barbers and their local communities in Porirua to explore issues of well-being. All Good? will be a pop-up salon, working with existing hairdressers to extend the reach of their businesses and offering free professional grooming services and 'pampering' in exchange for discussion.
This project investigates the intimacy of the act of cutting someone's hair and the implicit role of the hairdresser as an unofficial counsellor, particularly about social issues or mental health. Barbarian want to explore this unsung frontline of communication across different cultures in New Zealand, something Porirua is placed beautifully for.


To some, the prospect of the Santa Monica Symphony taking on Mahler's formidable Fifth Symphony might appear to be a case of ambition outrunning common sense, like the local Elks doing "Hamlet," or Don Knotts challenging George Foreman. But it wasn't. Not even close.
With conductor Allen Robert Gross on the podium Sunday night at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, the event proved remarkable. Let's not make outlandish claims. No, Gross didn't suddenly turn into Klaus Tennstedt, nor did the Santa Monica Symphony, a mixture of amateurs and free-lancers, transform itself into the Berlin Philharmonic.
Mistakes were heard. The orchestra was challenged, occasionally beyond its technical skills. The string section was hardest hit and a few passages in the violins became mere approximations. None of it approached disaster though.
Intonation was solid, solo playing confident. Anchored by a warm bass sound, powered by a healthy brass corps, the orchestra's sonority was rich and vibrant. Though the players labored, the playing wasn't laborious.
Gross directed with simplicity, clarity and fluidity. He never dawdled over transitions or noodled over details. He didn't delve into personal distortion. Thus, in a swift 65 minutes, this reading was strong on continuity, enlightening in its rhythmic focus. The Fifth emerged as a piece of music first, a diary of Mahler's emotional excesses a distant second. It was refreshing.
Steven Becknell offered magnificent horn solos and David Etterbeek, despite a couple of miscues, provided impressive trumpet heroics. The large audience refrained entirely from clapping between movements but did so lustily at the end. The concert was free, incidentally.


The BBC is reporting that a camp housing 1,500 migrants in northern France has been destroyed in a fire that officials said began during a fight between Afghans and Kurds.
The arrival of more Afghans increased tensions with Kurds living in the camp, AFP news agency reports, citing witnesses and officials.
The migrants have been evacuated and will be sent to emergency accommodation, with two gymnasiums nearby already made available, Mr Lalande said.
There have been several violent incidents at the Grande-Synthe camp, which was built by the charity MSF (Doctors Without Borders) and opened in March 2016.
Six people were left injured with knife wounds after the fight that started the blaze.
Police intervened last month after five men were injured in a fight, and another man was stabbed in November, AFP reported.
Clearly the Will of Allah. Who are we to question His Wisdom…?


text:
Globe Business
Globe Sports
Globe /
Opinion /
'God bless all of you . . . on the good Earth'
By Jeff Jacoby
Globe Columnist / December 21, 2008
IT HAD BEEN a wretched and demoralizing year.
In April, Martin Luther King had been murdered in Memphis; in Los Angeles two months later, Bobby Kennedy was struck down. The fighting in Vietnam ground bloodily on, pushing the American death toll past 30,000 and fueling massive antiwar demonstrations at home. The United States was humiliated when North Korea captured the USS Pueblo and imprisoned its crew for 11 months. Racial tensions worsened, as segregationist George Wallace launched a third-party campaign for president. Outside the Democratic convention in Chicago, TV cameras broadcast appalling scenes of chaos and police brutality. "Seldom," Time magazine observed, "had the nation been confronted with such a congeries of doubts and discontents."
But in its final days, the annus horribilis of 1968 was unexpectedly redeemed by a dazzling display of intrepidity and ambition and nerve: Apollo 8's flight around the moon - the first human voyage to another world.
Afterward, the decision to send Apollo 8 to the moon would be called the greatest gamble in the history of the space program. The mission had originally been scheduled to test the new lunar landing vehicle while orbiting the Earth; the first moon-orbit mission wasn't planned until 1969. But the lunar lander wasn't ready. And the CIA was reporting that the Soviets were on the verge of upstaging the United States by sending a manned Soyuz spacecraft around the moon.
So NASA decided not to wait. Apollo 8 would go all the way to the moon. It was a gutsy, dangerous decision, and not just because flying without a lunar lander meant that Apollo 8's crew - Commander Frank Borman, James Lovell, and Bill Anders - would be stranded without a lifeboat if anything went wrong. Houston still didn't have the software Apollo would need to navigate to the moon. And the huge Saturn V rocket required to launch a spacecraft beyond the Earth's gravity was still being perfected, and had never been used on a manned flight. By today's standards, the risks were unthinkable. Apollo's program director, Chris Kraft, figured the odds of getting the crew home safely were no better than 50-50.
Yet in the end, it was a triumph. Apollo 8 lifted off on the morning of Dec. 21. The massive rocket, as tall as a 35-story building and burning 20 tons of fuel per second, performed flawlessly. Two years earlier, Pete Conrad and Dick Gordon had flown Gemini 11 to a record-breaking 850 miles above the Earth. Now Borman, Lovell, and Anders were on their way to beating that record by more than 230,000 miles.
They reached their target on Dec. 24, easing into orbit around the moon just 69 hours after leaving home. As an Earthbound audience of hundreds of millions tuned in, the astronauts of Apollo 8 - the first humans to view the lunar surface up close - described what they were seeing.
"The moon is essentially gray, no color," Lovell reported, according to a transcript. "Looks like plaster of Paris, or sort of a grayish deep sand." Borman described it as "vast, lonely, forbidding," a "great expanse of nothing that looks rather like clouds and clouds of pumice stone."
But it was only when they turned their camera away from the moon and back to the heavens that the full emotional impact of their achievement began to sink in.
"Oh, my God," Anders gasped. "Look at that picture over there!"
"What is it?" asked Borman.
"The Earth coming up. Wow, is that pretty."
Rising above the horizon, over a bleak lunar surface, was the world they had come from, a delicate marble of blue and white, floating alone in the darkness, home to everyone and everything they or anyone had ever known - "the most beautiful, heart-catching sight of my life," Borman later said, "one that sent a torrent of nostalgia, of sheer homesickness, surging through me." It was like a glimpse of Creation - like seeing the Earth as God might see it.
For their Christmas Eve broadcast from lunar orbit, NASA had instructed the astronauts simply: "Say something appropriate." And so, as half a billion people watched and listened 40 years ago this week, they did. Anders began:
In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth; and the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light.
Lovell took up the reading after Anders, and then Borman brought the broadcast to an end.
And God called the dry land Earth, and the gathering-together of the waters called He seas. And God saw that it was good.
"And from the crew of Apollo 8," Borman finished, "we close with, Good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas, and God bless all of you - all of you on the good Earth."
Jeff Jacoby can be reached at jacoby@globe.com.
Find the latest columns from:
Jackson | Jacoby | Lehigh | Vennochi
-- or pick a columnist-- Derrick Z. Jackson Jeff Jacoby Scot Lehigh Joan Vennochi -- Regular contributors -- James Carroll Elissa Ely Ed Glaeser Ellen Goodman HDS Greenway Ed Siegel -- Metro columnists -- Yvonne Abraham Kevin Cullen Adrian Walker


Are they for a pointy ??
No, but you should still be able to flog 'em I know a small gathering going on where you might find some interest!
even though I'm not setting off til 10am tomorrow.
Frak the weather, I got a good feeling about this year, is gonna be a good 'un.
Wooohoooo topbox! Ride safe northy, see you tomorrow!
i have everything in my tailpack.
Packing tonight and loading it all on tomorrow after work! See you there!
I see you're nicely packed Northy! Have fun guys!
I didn't get the part were you mention that you loaded a spare exhaust? What the hell for?


A.(1)(a) No provision of the state Sanitary Code or any provision of any other law or regulation that requires any equipment, design, construction, utensils, supplies, preparation, or services shall apply to the preparation of low-risk foods, as defined in Subsection E of this Section, in the home for sale. For purposes of this Section, with respect to preparation of cane syrup, "the home" shall mean, in addition to a dwelling, an open-sided structure on private property that shelters a cast iron kettle, evaporator, or other equipment for preparing cane syrup in the traditional manner. This Section shall not be construed to allow the sale or distribution of any unwholesome food.
(b) The provisions of Subparagraph (a) of this Paragraph shall not apply to any preparer of breads, cakes, cookies, or pies who employs any individual to assist in the preparation of such food for sale.
(a) All outside openings shall be protected against flies and other vermin.
(b) The building shall be constructed so as to exclude rats, mice, roaches or other vermin. Domestic pets shall be excluded in any part of the establishment where preparation and baking of such bakery products takes place.
(i) Be maintained in a clean and sanitary manner, be free from cracks and, wherever possible, be composed of non-corroding, metal or other smooth, impervious material giving an easily cleanable surface. Stationary or not readily movable equipment shall be so installed as to provide for easy cleaning.
(ii) Refrigeration shall be provided so that all perishable food products used in the manufacturer processing of any kind connected with the production, distribution, or sale of bakery products shall be maintained at a temperature not to exceed forty-five degrees Fahrenheit.
(iii) Equipment too large to permit washing in the sinks shall be cleaned in a manner approved by the state health officer.
(iv) All barrels, boxes, tubs, pails, kneading troughs, machines, racks, pans, or other receptacles used for holding materials from which bakery products are manufactured shall be kept clean and sanitary and shall be so constructed as to be easily cleanable.
(v) All food contact surfaces shall be cleaned and sanitized after each day's production.
(d) Only pasteurized milk or milk products shall be used in the preparation of custard and cream-filled bakery products.
(e) All custard or cream-filled mixtures shall be cooked, the temperature and time of heating of the mix, to be at a minimum, the equivalent of a temperature of one hundred forty-five degrees Fahrenheit for a period of not less than thirty minutes.
(f) Upon completion of the cooking of the mix, it shall be immediately transferred into previously sanitized containers, properly covered and chilled as rapidly as possible to forty-five degrees Fahrenheit or below and maintained at such a temperature until used.
(g) The apparatus and food contact surfaces used in adding any custard or cream filling to a bakery product shall be of impervious material and shall be thoroughly cleaned and sanitized after each use, in a manner approved by the state health officer. No cloth filled bags shall be used.
(h) Preparers engaged in the preparation of custard or cream-filled bakery products shall not touch the custard or cream filling with their hands after it has been cooked.
B. This Section shall not apply to any preparer of low-risk foods made at a home for sale, whose gross annual sales equal twenty thousand dollars or more.
C. No individual who prepares breads, cakes, cookies, or pies in the home for sale to the public pursuant to this Section shall sell such foods to any retail business or individual for resale.
D.(1)(a) Except as provided in Subparagraph (b) of this Paragraph, any individual who prepares low-risk foods in the home for sale, as authorized by this Section, shall affix to any such food offered for sale a label which clearly indicates that the food was not produced in a licensed or regulated facility.
(b) The food labeling requirement in Subparagraph (a) of this Paragraph shall not apply to raw honey offered for sale if the honey is not pasteurized, filtered, or otherwise processed in such a way as to remove natural pollen contained in the honey.
(2) No individual who prepares low-risk foods in the home shall sell such foods unless he is registered to collect any local sales and use taxes that are applicable to the sale of such foods, as evidenced by a current sales tax certificate issued to the seller by the sales and use tax collector for the parish in which the sales occur.
(1) Baked goods, including breads, cakes, cookies, and pies.
(5) Honey and honeycomb products.
(6) Jams, jellies, and preserves.
(7) Pickles and acidified foods.
Acts 1991, No. 603, §1; Acts 1995, No. 977, §1; Acts 1997, No. 658, §2; Acts 2013, No. 370, §1; Acts 2014, No. 542, §1; Acts 2014, No. 789, §1; Acts 2015, No. 45, §1.


text:
Nasa's Perseverance rover sends first pictures of Mars after safe landing on red planet
The aim of the mission is to search for signs of ancient life, and explore and collect samples for future return to Earth
Fionnula HaineyUK and world news writer
Nasa's Perseverance rover has safely landed on Mars and sent back its first images of the red planet.
The rover is on a mission to search for signs of ancient life, and explore and collect samples from diverse environments on Mars.
It joins another Nasa rover, Curiosity, which landed on the planet in 2012.
Perseverance blasted off from Earth in July last year and safely landed on the planet on Thursday (February 18) after "seven minutes of terror" on entering the planet's atmosphere, the space agency said.
It took more than 11 minutes for news of the safe landing to reach Earth, arriving at just before 9pm (GMT).
Steve Jurczyk, Nasa's acting administrator, said: "Just what an amazing team to work through all the adversity and all the challenges that go with landing a rover on Mars, plus the challenges of Covid.
"And just an amazing accomplishment."
Perseverance, which is about the size of a car, also has a Twitter account, which marked its arrival on the red planet by posting a photo of its new "forever home".
The arrival of this image, and a second one taken from behind the rover, showing a flat, rocky surface, was met with a second round of cheers as mission control celebrated the achievement.
Watch: Nasa scientists cheer as Perseverance rover lands on Mars
More images, videos and sounds from the landing are expected to start arriving from the rover over the weekend.
Perseverance will spend its next few years scouring for signs of ancient microbial life in a mission that will bring back samples from Mars to Earth and prepare the way for future human visitors.
The research destination of the rover is Jezero crater, a 28-mile-wide depression containing sediments of an ancient river delta.
Artist impression of NASA's Perseverance rover firing up its descent stage engines as it nears the Martian surface (Image: NASA)
Scientists know that 3.5 billion years ago, Jezero was the site of a large lake, complete with its own delta.
They believe that while the water may be long gone, somewhere within the crater, or maybe along its 2,000-foot-tall (610 metre) rim, evidence that life once existed there could be waiting.
Early indications suggest the rover has landed on a relatively flat surface, but not too far from some sand dunes, which it will have to navigate its way over in order to reach the delta.
Images from the Perseverance landing were live streamed on Piccadilly Lights in central London (Image: Yui Mok/PA)
Luckily, Perseverance landed in a safe space, but it could have landed in a 'red area' which would have been worrying for the team.
Showing slides highlighting areas of various colours, Nasa's Entry, Descent and Landing lead official Allen Chen, said: "I was just worried about what would kill us on landing.
"Red is generally bad, and you can see that the system managed to find a nice blue spot in the midst of all that red – all that death that's out there for us.
"So we found a parking lot."
The Perseverance rover landed on the red planet on Thursday to begin its search for traces of life (Image: PA Graphics)
Perseverance deputy project manager Matt Wallace said the spacecraft was in "great shape".
Speaking at a press briefing after the landing, a number of Nasa experts described their relief and joy at the success.
They added that the year and mission had been challenging due to measures imposed because of the pandemic. To recognise that challenge, a plaque referencing Covid-19 has been attached to the rover.
"That plate is really there to symbolise the challenge that not just our team was facing, but everybody has been facing," said Mr Wallace.
"It has been a tough year, it has been tough to do this mission in this environment."
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Jennifer Trosper, deputy project manager, said one of the ways the team had dealt with having to work remotely was by logging into a monitor on wheels which moved through the mission's headquarters to enable discussions.
Mr Wallace said he had worked on a number of other Mars landings, but "as of this moment right now, this is the best landing on Mars".
The rover's hunt for signs of live will be aided by its cameras, especially Mastcam-Z, which is located on the rover's mast.
The mission's science team can task Perseverance's SuperCam instrument – also on the mast – to fire a laser at a promising target, generating a small plasma cloud that can be analysed to help determine its chemical composition.
If that data is intriguing enough, the team could command the rover's robotic arm to move in for a closer look.
Perseverance will gather rock and soil samples using its drill, and will store the sample cores in tubes on the Martian surface.
Selected samples will be collected by drilling down to several centimetres and then sealed in sample tubes and stored on the rover.
When the rover reaches a suitable location, a cache of tubes will be dropped on the surface of Mars to be collected by the Sample Fetch Rover, being developed by Airbus in Stevenage, which will take them to the Nasa Mars Ascent vehicle.
A return mission, expected to bring around 30 samples to Earth, will take place in the early 2030s if all goes to plan.
Researchers from the UK will study the samples that are returned from Mars.
The researchers are supported by more than £400,000 in funds from the UK Space Agency (UKSA).
Michelle Keegan selfie spooks fans as they spot a 'creepy figure' in the background
'We don't want Greater Manchester to not be able to come out of lockdown': Concern Covid cases in the region are not falling as quickly as in other parts of the country


text:
The Lonely Dead
NarratorKerry Shale
SeriesThe Straw Men Trilogy (part 2)
Crime & ThrillersThrillersCrime
Grotesquely arranged corpses are turning up in remote locations across America: is it the work of a bizarre sect or a solitary serial killer? An electrifying thriller from the author of The Straw Men.
A guilty man walks alone into the cold mountain forests of Washington State, aiming never to return. What he finds there starts a chain of events that will quickly spiral out of control.
Meanwhile in Los Angeles a woman's body is discovered, sitting bolt upright in a motel bedroom. She is dead, and her killer has left his mark. It soon becomes clear he has something to say, and a lot more work to do.
And Ward Hopkins, an ex-CIA agent recovering from the recent shocking deaths of his parents, is on the trail of his past, tracking down the men who destroyed everything he once held dear, and the murderer whose face he sees every time he looks in the mirror.
These three are ominous strands in a web of deadly secrets, roads to a dark history that should never have been told. There are people who will do anything to protect it. Anything at all. As in life, it's not a matter of who dies. We're all going to die.
What matters is who dies last.
Michael Marshall's unique voice adds a chilling intensity to the serial-killer plot, combining dazzling narrative, a white-hot pace and a deeply disturbing backdrop of conspiracy.


Cboe Global Markets — the leading global operator of exchanges that you know for Making Markets Better for traders, issuers and investors — is also a premier network for marketplace connectivity.
Cboe Connect is our cost-efficient, low latency Access Services solution that allows you to leverage our already established network in order to access major market centers for market data and order entry connectivity.
Cboe Connect provides market participants access to major market centers for all of their market data and order entry needs by taking advantage of the Cboe Exchanges' established networks. Our goal through Cboe Connect is to allow customers to benefit from reliable connectivity to exchanges, market data providers and dark pools via already existing connectivity. Market participants connected to EDGA may use C-LNK to direct orders to Single Dealer Platforms (SDP).
Firms are able to leverage quick access to major markets without the burdensome cost and management associated with maintaining multiple telecommunication connections to each market center. In addition, pricing for market data is based on the type of data connection, not bandwidth. This enables subscribers to accommodate growing bandwidth requirements for data without fear of increasing bandwidth-driven costs. In fact, connecting to markets individually through a telecommunications provider can be up to four times more expensive than utilizing Cboe's access services.
Subscriptions are available on a month-to-month basis, providing additional flexibility over the longer-term contracts of most telecommunications providers. Billing is on a month-to-month basis with only a 30-day cancellation period required.
Reliability and uptime are assured as customers use the same infrastructure that Cboe uses in support of exchange trading. Cboe' 10 GB network has ample capacity to support current and anticipated market data rates.
Cboe Connect provides burst protection for order entry traffic where we monitor your requested bandwidth, but do not rate limit your connection. That means you are never in danger of oversubscribing.
Cboe Connect is a consistent, high performing network offering competitive microsecond round-trip circuit latency to multiple markets. In addition, all data is provided as published by the original market center ensuring the quickest delivery possible.
Please refer to our Access Services Product Offering page for a complete list of the market data feeds, exchanges and dark pools available in the Cboe Connect network.
For more information, please contact the Cboe Sales Team at [email protected] or 866.472.5267.


The exhibit at the Museum of Contemporary Art will be on view until Sept. 24.
CHICAGO FETES MURAKAMI: Takashi Murakami is receiving a major retrospective, "The Octopus Eats Its Own Leg," at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago — the artist's first museum survey in North America in 10 years, and top names from art, music, fashion and political circles converged to celebrate the exhibit and the MCA's 50th anniversary last Saturday. More than 600 guests attended the gala, including Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Amy Rule; Leslie Bluhm; Marc Ecko; Ikram Goldman; Desiree Rogers; artists Nick Cave, Hebru Brantley, Theaster Gates and Kerry James Marshall; art gallery owners Larry Gagosian, Easy Otabor, Emmanuel Perrotin, Jeff Poe and Tim Blum; countless socialites; and performer Janelle Monáe.
Guests were invited to preview the exhibit, its title taken from Japanese folklore, before sitting down to dinner in a Murakami-inspired setting with oversized light fixtures, painted with psychedelic Octopus imagery, looming over each table while the artist himself, dressed in an Octopus-inspired ensemble and hat, personally greeted guests — snapping photos and selfies and striking animated poses.
Curated by Michael Darling, the retrospective features 58 works, spanning 10,000 square feet of gallery space, and traces Murakami's 30-year career from the 1980s to the present — including a never-seen-before, 114-foot-long, 45-panel painting, shipped from Tokyo exclusively for the Chicago show. The works span Murakami's origins starting with Eastern-style painting, rooted in his traditional Nihonga artistic training, in which he earned a PhD, to Western contemporary works replete with smiling daisy paintings, bright colors and mushrooms — and Mr. Dob, the artist's signature character.
When asked about the relationship between art and fashion, Murakami deferred to ComplexCon, which he will cohost in November in Long Beach with Pharrell Williams, Off-White designer and founder Virgil Abloh, and Colette cofounder Sarah Andelman. "I'm sure you'll be able to see the never-before-seen scene of the future of art and fashion. It'll blow your mind," Murakami said.
The event raised more than $3 million to benefit future MCA exhibitions, performances and educational programming. "The Octopus Eats Its Own Leg" will be on view until Sept. 24.