The Victoria Theater on 125th Street in Harlem has been home to vaudeville shows, Off Broadway productions and Hollywood movies. But its terra cotta facade has been mostly dark since 1989 when, after failing as a five-screen multiplex, it shut its doors.
Since then, the Empire State Development Corporation, which owns the land, has been trying to redevelop the site. In 2005, it began a process to turn the Victoria into a mixed-use hotel, condominium and arts complex, and in 2007, after several fits and starts, it chose Danforth Development Partners to spearhead the project. But the collapse of the real estate market put those plans on a shelf, and the site has remained undeveloped.
In March, Danforth found a new equity partner, Exact Capital, and it now says the $100 million project is back on track and will break ground in the second half of next year. While not completed, the current design, by Aufgang & Subotovsky Architecture and Planning, calls for two towers to rise above the theater: a 140-unit rental building and a separate 175-room hotel. The base will consist of the historic building, built in 1917 to a design by Thomas W. Lamb, and will become the new home of the Classical Theater of Harlem, Jazzmobile, the Harlem Arts Alliance and the Apollo Theater Foundation. The developers are planning to present the final design to the Harlem Community Development Corporation, a subsidiary of the Empire State Development Corporation, this fall.
The Victoria Theater is the latest in a string of redevelopment projects along 125th Street. In 2008, the city rezoned the street with a goal of replacing the many small-scale buildings along it with office towers, residential high-rises and cultural institutions. But the rezoning was approved just as the real estate market collapsed, and many of the developments did not get off the ground. Now, several are starting up again.
The theater's facade will be preserved, as will several historic elements including gilded chandeliers, a fountain and a grand staircase. While the cultural center's plans are not complete, it now calls for two performance spaces: a 199-seat theater and a 99-seat theater in which seats can be removed to create a multitude of configurations. In addition, the four-story theater building will house a scenery shop, costume shop, administrative offices, dressing rooms and a gallery.
"There will be no wasted space, since it is being custom-built, and we are taking advantage of economies of scale, such as shared restrooms, dressing rooms and a single receptionist," said Jonathan Denham, a principal at the real estate company Denham Wolf, which is advising the cultural groups.
The residential component of the Victoria Theater project will have a full-service rental building that is expected to be 50 percent market-rate apartments, 30 percent reserved for middle-income tenants and 20 percent for low-income ones, said Craig Livingston, a managing partner at Exact Capital. The developers are negotiating with several companies to run the hotel and hope to strike a deal this fall.
"All the major hotel chains have expressed very serious interest in the project — even Starwood, which opened an Aloft hotel on Eighth Avenue but is considering another Starwood brand there," said Curtis L. Archer, the president of the Harlem Community Development Corporation.
Other projects planned for 125th Street include Mart 125, across the street from the Victoria Theater. The mixed-use project will create up to 67,000 square feet of cultural and commercial space. It will also be home to the National Jazz Museum in Harlem, which produces jazz events and education series, and ImageNation Sol Cinema, which runs an independent film festival. In May 2010, the city, which owns the site, put out a request for proposals, and hopes to pick a developer "in the coming months," said Seth W. Pinsky, the president of the New York City Economic Development Corporation.
In July, the city picked developers to re-imagine two other sites on 125th Street: the former Taystee Bakery complex and the Corn Exchange Building. The Taystee Bakery had been awarded to an affiliate of the Citarella food markets in 2001 but after it sat undeveloped for years, the New York State Supreme Court awarded it back to the city in 2009. The case is in litigation.
The current plan for the Taystee Bakery is reinvent it as Create @ Harlem Green, a $100 million development that will include 90,000 square feet of office space, 40,000 square feet of retail and a 10,000-square-foot community facility.
Several tenants are already lined up, including the Harlem Brewing Company and the Greenpoint Manufacturing and Design Center.
The $16 million Corn Exchange project will renovate the late 19th-century building at 125th Street and Park Avenue and add six stories to create 22,000 square feet for offices and 9,000 square feet for retail stores. The city hopes the project will break ground within a year, Mr. Pinsky said.
A fifth project is the East Harlem Media, Entertainment and Cultural Center. A $700 million endeavor, it is planned to eventually include a hotel, 250,000 square feet of office space and more than 800 units of housing, but the first phase, expected to be completed later this fall, is far more modest. It will establish 49 units of affordable housing and 5,600 square feet of retail space. The second phase, to be started sometime next year, will create just under 100 residential units and 50,000 square feet of retail space.


Pursuant to a resolution by Selena Oil & Gas Holding AB's 2015 Annual General Meeting, the Nomination Committee comprise five members, the Company´s elected Chairman and representatives for the four largest shareholders as of date on 30 September.
Selena Oil & Gas Holding AB (publ) have after the decision at AGM in 2015, established the procedure to form the Company´s Nomination Committee. The Nominating Committee shallconsist of five members, the Company´s elected Chairman and one representative from each of the voting power wise four largest shareholders on the basis of known shareholders on the last banking day of September 2015, who also gives consent to serve on the Nomination Committee.
In determining who shall be considered as the Company´s largest shareholder, the Company´s Chairman will make a selection from the official list of owners established on the last banking day in September from the registers maintained by Euroclear Sweden AB. The Chairman will, from the supplied list of registered shareholders, select the four largest shareholders and seek to obtain their written consent to participate in the Nomination Committee. In the event that a selected shareholder denies such appointment, the Chairman will proceed and approach the subsequent next largest shareholder, until the Nomination Committee has been duly formed.
The shareholders who are not registered with Euroclear Sweden AB, and who wish to exercise their right, shall notify the Chairman of the board and be able to verify their ownership as shareholders. For legal reasons, shareholders who are acting as capital insurers and providers of direct endowments are not eligible as candidates to serve on the Nomination Committee. Such shareholders are generally restricted from representing any individual or company has ownership to a specific direct endowment policy.
At the event of a formed Nomination Committee, the Companys Chairman shall call for a constitution of the Nomination Committee through a meeting between the members. The Nomination Committee shall seek to appoint its Chairman and exercise its obligations.
The Company shall publish the names of the members of Nomination Committee in its 9 Month/3 Quarter Report throughNGM-News and on www.selenaoil.com. According to 2015 financial calendar this will be made on November 27th.
Chairman of the Nomination Committee shall, unless the members agree otherwise, be the member representing the largest shareholder. The Chairman may not chair the Nomination Committee unless there are special reasons calling for such arrangement. The Nomination Committee shall serve until a new Nomination Committee has been appointed in accordance with the procedure. If ownerships and shareholdings are changed after members have been appointed, but before the AGM, the composition of the committee be changed with respect thereto. A member who leaves the nomination committee before its work has been completed, shall be replaced if the Committee so decides, by another person representing the same shareholder or, if not possible, by a person who represents the shareholder that is next in line.
No fee shall bepaid to the members of the nomination committee. The Nomination Committee shall charge fair and reasonable expenses for its travel expenses and investigations that the committee deems necessary to conduct to fulfill its duties. The Nominating Committeeshall in due time before the Company's AGM present proposals for: (i) the Chairman of the Annual General Meeting; (ii) the number of Board members and deputy Board members; (iii) the election of Chairman and Board members; (iv) fees to be shared between the General Meeting appointed the chairman and other directors, including fees for committee work; and (v) the election and remuneration of auditors and deputy auditors (if any). In addition, the Nominating Committee shall submit proposals to the principles for the appointment of the new nomination. The Nominating Committee shall perform the duties from time to time by the Swedish Code of Corporate Governance.


text:
I can't figure out the ending.
by Yami
(Edmonton)
This is my first time on this website and I've found a lot of helpful things. But now I'm wondering if you can help me with the problem I've been having. Though I give no promises that it will be explained in a way that remotely makes sense.
So here it is. I usually start my stories off with a scene and then go onto developing the plot and everything. The characters are a big help as when I write they show me how the scene and parts of the story go.
My problem ... I don't know the ending. Of any of them. I literally have dozens of stories that are unfinished because I don't know how to end them. I can come up with a good story and can even make up the climax, but after that nothing.
I come back to them over and over and try to work out how they need to end in any way, but it just doesn't work for me. I'm not sure if this even makes any sense, is there any advice you can give me?
Question: It is often said that the end is in the beginning, that they cannot exist without each other.
For example, for a story to have meaning, it should be about something. There should be a goal, a problem, or an imbalance in the story world that needs to be achieved, addressed, healed, etc.
At least that's true for a happy ending. If you want to write a tragedy, then the goal will not be achieved, because the protagonist makes a fatal error or goes too far (what the ancient Greeks called hubris).
In a four-act structure, the first act will show how the problem arises. The second act will show the complications that arise as the protagonist tries to solve the problem. The third act will bring everything to a crisis and the fourth act will show how the problem is resolved.
A story with a happy ending shows, as Aristotle says, a change in fortune from bad to good. So the end must show that things are better. The problem is solved. The world is healed.
A tragedy is a change from good to bad. So the end must show the catastrophe that resulted because the wrong choice was made. You would illustrate how the world is worse off. (In traditional tragedies, this usually means people die.)
At the same time, the main character
will have his own arc. The character will start off with a particular approach to life, problems, etc. In act two, he will be pressured to change--to switch to a different approach. Act three will present his personal crisis, where he will either change or not, and act four will show whether that choice leads to happiness or not.
So the ending should also show whether the main character is happier, satisfied, better off, etc.
The ending should also show whether the impact character (the one who most influences the main character to change) ends up happier or changed in the end. The same is true for any other character who undergoes an arc in the story.
Finally, the relationship between the main and impact characters often has its own arc that must be resolved. For instance, do they start off as enemies and wind up friends, or the opposite? Do they start as rivals and end up as lovers? Does the relationship blossom or is it destroyed?
What you have to do is ask yourself what your story is about.
Is it about a world threatened with X, but your characters manage to achieve Y instead?
Is it about someone who starts off as X but evolves or learns and so becomes Y in the end?
Is it about a relationship that evolves from X to Y?
The ending should show all the Ys. The meaning of the story then becomes, "When faced with this type of problem, these choices are the best/worst."
Something else that helps is to ask yourself what a happy ending would look like, if you could take a photograph of it. For instance, what picture could you show the reader that would prove that the main character is happier or better off in the end? What picture or scene would demonstrate that the world or the relationship is healed?
For example, The Hunger Games ends with Katniss married, with her children playing safely, and no threat of of the reaping. The Fault in Our Stars ends with Hazel having resolved her existential fears. She has learned to find happiness in whatever time she has. A Christmas Carol ends with Scrooge becoming widely regarded as a great and generous person. It's a Wonderful life ends with George Bailey surrounded by friends and family.
As for tragedies, think how Hamlet ends with a stage full of dead bodies. A Streetcar Named Desire ends with Blanche being carted off to the asylum.
Comments for I can't figure out the ending.
Finding an ending
You say that the beginning and ending should coincide. But then you have shown examples of those that have not. If an ending ends with a death but starts out and remains good through the story,is it feasible that for most of the story the main character is happy and thriving in his life time? Thus, can die off peacefully? S.
by: Glen
What I am saying is that the beginning presents a problem that must be resolved or an imbalance that needs to be corrected. So if you know what the problem is in act one, you can expect that act four will show the resolution of that problem.
In the case of a happy ending, the story often begins with an outside force threatening the main character or the story world and ends with the threat being extinguished in a way that restores happiness and balance.
In the case of a classic tragedy, the threat may be something within the main character or the community, such as arrogance, ignorance, or runaway ambition. The resolution brings the world back into balance through the downfall of the main character (and possibly the community as well).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


2016 was a turning-point in a 70-year drive to remove global trade barriers. After several years of accelerating undercurrents against global trade, new leaders were elected in free-trade champions with clear mandates to break with the past. In the ultimate case, countries may not only withdraw from regional trading blocks, but from the WTO, either formally or by their de-facto actions.
This importance of gas and LNG may, for example, mean that the strong energy integration between the US, Canada and Mexico will not fundamentally be changed. While the media and political focus has been on the border wall with Mexico, there is a rapid expansion of pipeline-based natural gas export projects from the US to Mexico, and even for Canadian LNG re-exports of US natural gas. If political developments lead to impasses, consequences may be very large.
It is therefore recognised that changes have been triggered by social factors and conditions, amplified by discontent from the significant loss of jobs in some industries. Job losses are typically due to either new technology or displacement by more competitive nations, better equipped with natural resources or with structurally lower costs.
The level of commoditisation and the shape of the industry or product cost curve are the two essential factors in this regard.
Tariffs are weaker, second-order measures whose impact is directly related to industry short-term, marginal cost curve positions, which can be significantly different from long-term, full-cost rankings. However, when the level of commoditisation is very high, such as in LNG by design, tariffs can have significant effect on trade flows. LNG is a "fungible good".
The UK is highly dependent on natural gas imports, about 70% of consumption, and it is improbable that gas pipeline flows between the UK and the Continent will be physically constrained. There has been no serious public discussion of such options. Recent measures have in fact served to put further pressure on the declining coal industry and increased tax biases towards clean and low-carbon energy. Natural gas plays a key role in realising this policy, and UK households simply will not accept being cold in the winter.
Only policies 2 and 4 have been advanced in public by the Trump administration on the international scene, and they are conceptually the easiest to implement. The effective realisation of option 2 is likely to take considerable time both due to inherent individual complexity and the knock-on effects and need to consider simultaneously the balance with other treaties. Trump will need a long presidential term to accomplish this, and have the energy to persist.
Option 3 is put forward as a policy for internal US pro-business measures. The removal of barriers to exploration and exploitation of energy resources may increase potential supply and marginally reduce unit costs. Undoubtedly, a very large number of energy companies will maintain current business practices as for "good citizen" reasons and refrain for doing business in sensitive areas. It is also highly unlikely that state-level measures, for example New York's opposition to shale gas, will be reversed by federal measures. The effective increase in supply will be limited.
The potential scale of US LNG exports means that geopolitical interests and possible review of trading arrangements for most immediate effect will focus on Europe, India, China, Korea and Japan. Of these, China and India are clearly the demand hot-spots, but also countries where both Qatar and Australia have major interests. The US will therefore recognise that the competitive response will be significant. In addition, US export constraints could have policy consequences in several importing countries by reducing the confidence in LNG to fuel economic growth.
A globally imposed US export tax on LNG could be rationalised as part of a federal budget financing scheme. Given the current US position on the industry cost curve, its effect is to globally increase FOB LNG prices, but not necessarily landed prices. There will be a windfall for other producers. It is likely average ship journeys will be slightly shorter and put pressure on charter-rates, offsetting the overall impact on a tax increase. In addition, demand response in price-sensitive markets such as India and Europe will mitigate any major effect.
There is presently a reasonable global LNG supply-demand balance that is likely to persist for several years. Shipping fleet utilisation is also moderate, even if it has increased recently.
The notable observation is that a relatively moderate LNG export tax may be relatively simple to impose, have minor overall market consequences and could possibly be scaled to avoid provoking countermeasures. While such a tax could legitimise other countries to do the same in areas where they have a relatively strong market position, a US LNG export tax could immediately appear to be a potentially ideal revenue-generating measure. Importantly, it might even pass CBO scrutiny and Congressional haggling.
What LNG export tax would, for example, be required to fully finance the proposed US$59bn increase in the US defence budget? Assuming a 4-train fully utilised capacity of 20 Mt/year of LNG, the tax would be US$3,000/ Mt, and over US$60/Mcf. It therefore seems unlikely that an LNG export tax will play a major role in federal budget discussions. Instead, an LNG export tax might come as a smaller contributing factor, and set tactically at a level based on a consideration of what the market can bear.
While the imposition of a US LNG export tax may be rationalised, the process of designing it at, and setting it at a balanced level cannot be assumed to be similarly rational. In fact, the tendency to assume that carefully considered and balanced solutions will be found should be critically reviewed. There is, for example, a risk that trade conflict escalation could lead to the effective prohibition of imports of LNG from the US.


text:
Fairfax County firefighter sexually harassed, company finds
A female former Fairfax County firefighter was touched inappropriately by a captain though even now employed by the office in 2017 and was transferred to a considerably less fascinating position for contacting the conduct an assault, a federal agency that combats place of work discrimination has found.
But the Fairfax County division has refused the proposed remedy by the Equal Work Chance Fee (EEOC), even with its pledge to root out sexual harassment and gender discrimination. The proposal involved increasing attempts to focus on sexual harassment, clean coaching and a $150,000 financial award.
That transfer astonished the former firefighter and her legal professional, given the division has faced a sequence of lawsuits from girls and the 2016 suicide of a woman firefighter who was bullied on-line by commenters who appeared to be common with the section. The loss of life of Nicole Mittendorff grabbed countrywide attention.
Feminine firefighter's suicide is a 'fire bell in the night'
"The county has not attempted to proper the completely wrong, to say, 'How can we increase?' " the firefighter claimed in an interview. "There is very little. I was variety of hung out to dry."
The woman questioned not to be recognized, citing the possibility of retribution in her present career in law enforcement, a further male-dominated field.
The fire section explained in a assertion it demoted the captain, but declined to focus on the causes for rejecting the EEOC's proposed resolution, citing ongoing lawful wrangling in the situation. Fireplace Chief John S. Butler said in a statement that the division has "worked hard" to increase its society in latest a long time.
"We continuously emphasis on advertising and marketing and employing initiatives to aid a healthful work natural environment focused on inclusion and equality and are constantly evaluating our progress," Butler claimed. "We know there is home for improvement and will carry on doing work to go the division forward."
When the EEOC finds an personnel has been discriminated versus, it proposes a cure, recognized as a "conciliation settlement," that presents the employer a voluntary option to address the issue. The employer has the ideal to acknowledge the agreement, reject it or make a counter proposal.
Gillian L. Thomas, a senior personnel attorney for the ACLU who is representing the firefighter, stated in her encounter it is unconventional for an employer to reject a conciliation settlement outright. Thomas said they are normally a starting up issue in negotiations to attain an arrangement appropriate to both of those sides.
Due to the fact Fairfax County has turned down the proposed agreement, the Section of Justice (DOJ) can now pursue civil litigation versus the section to seek out remediation if it so chooses. A DOJ lawsuit alleging racial and gender discrimination in the department in the late 1970s led to a long time of monitoring by a federal judge that only finished late last calendar year. The Justice Office did not immediately answer to a ask for for remark on the scenario.
The latest scenario commenced when the previous firefighter was a recruit at the fireplace academy in 2017, in accordance to her EEOC grievance.
That December, the woman joined other recruits at a fundraising pub crawl at a Reston bar. Captain Jeff Loach, who was an teacher at the academy and secretary of the department's union at the time, also attended.
In accordance to the former firefighter's grievance, Loach touched her in an overly acquainted way through the system of the night and instructed her he experienced behaved so improperly with another woman firefighter that "she could possibly personal [my] house," which the woman comprehended to necessarily mean the other female firefighter could have sued him for harassment.
As the girl was leaving the bar, the girl alleged in the complaint, Loach came up behind her and touched her buttocks inappropriately.
Afterward, the woman reported Loach laughed and mentioned, "Now if you want any assist getting by means of recruit college, you know who to connect with," in accordance to the grievance.
The female felt she experienced nowhere to turn about what occurred, considering that Loach was a teacher at the fire academy and he was a top rated-ranking member of the firefighters' union, in accordance to her criticism. The girl finished the academy and grew to become a complete-time firefighter in March 2018.
In September 2018, the female was doing the job at the fire academy aiding audit tests and aiding with training when Loach approached her and questioned if she regarded as him touching her at the bar an assault, the grievance alleges. The girl replied that she did and Loach walked away, in accordance to the grievance.
About 35 minutes later, the lady received a connect with from a supervisor telling her she was being reassigned to a task at headquarters, in accordance to the complaint. The grievance even further alleges that she was not offered a motive and none of her superiors on obligation that day knew why she was remaining transferred.
The woman's new career consisted of answering a cellphone that rarely rang and sharpening pencils on a person occasion, in accordance to the criticism. The lady was inevitably returned to her outdated work at the fireplace academy.
She submitted the EEOC complaint in October 2018.
Loach and his union, IAFF Local 2068, did not respond to calls, text or email messages requesting comment on the situation.
Fairfax County lawyers wrote in their response to the woman's EEOC submitting that she initially documented the sexual harassment in September 2018. Fire office supervisors began to promptly investigate what transpired and documented it to a Fairfax County human legal rights company.
The hearth section probe located Loach was untruthful about what transpired and his perform was unbecoming, though the Fairfax County company observed Loach had touched the female inappropriately and violated the county's sexual harassment plan, according to files filed in the EEOC circumstance.
As a end result of the probes, Loach was demoted to a non-officer rank, in accordance to the county's reaction to the EEOC grievance. The Fairfax County company did not uncover the woman's transfer was retaliatory. Fireplace office officers explained it was the end result of a staffing mix-up.
"The section took immediate action on remaining created conscious of the incident and followed all related procedures and strategies which led to an speedy staff motion," reported Tony Castrilli, the director of community affairs for Fairfax County.
The girl disputed in her filings that the section acted quickly to handle the problems, expressing it took months.
The county argued in response to the woman's EEOC criticism that it need to not be sustained since the window to consider motion experienced expired, the alleged sexual harassment occurred at a non-function party and the female had unsuccessful to set up her transfer was retaliatory. The EEOC rejected individuals arguments.
The Fairfax County hearth division has been sued 6 occasions for alleged sexual harassment and discrimination considering the fact that 2005. In 2016, Nicole Mittendorff's suicide focused scrutiny on the remedy of gals in the section. In 2018, a single of Fairfax fire's optimum ranking ladies resigned a write-up supporting other women of all ages in the division, declaring it tolerated harassment of women.
A assessment by county officers introduced in 2018 identified the section experienced problems with management, communication and the standing of paramedics, but it did not face prevalent problems with the treatment of females in its ranks.
Richard Bowers, the hearth department's previous chief, retired in 2018 amid turmoil around remedy of women of all ages in the division. Butler, the new main, has promised improve.
The previous firefighter said that adjust has however to materialize for a lot of female firefighters in Fairfax County. Her experiences led her to depart the section in late 2020, having a big pay slash and dropping advantages to start off over in a new job.
"It's upsetting simply because I had a good deal of objectives and aspirations to do excellent operate there," the female stated. "It seemed like a brilliant long term and then it came crashing down."
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text:
namespace remoting {
namespace protocol {

// MessageDecoder uses CompoundBuffer to split the data received from
// the network into separate messages. Each message is expected to be
// decoded in the stream as follows:
//   +--------------+--------------+
//   | message_size | message_data |
//   +--------------+--------------+
//
// Here, message_size is 4-byte integer that represents size of
// message_data in bytes. message_data - content of the message.
class MessageDecoder {
 public:
  MessageDecoder();
  virtual ~MessageDecoder();

  // Add next chunk of data. MessageDecoder retains |data| until all
  // its bytes are consumed.
  void AddData(scoped_refptr<net::IOBuffer> data, int data_size);

  // Returns next message from the stream. Ownership of the result is
  // passed to the caller. Returns NULL if there are no complete
  // messages yet, otherwise returns a buffer that contains one
  // message.
  CompoundBuffer* GetNextMessage();

 private:
  // Retrieves the read payload size of the current protocol buffer via |size|.
  // Returns false and leaves |size| unmodified, if we do not have enough data
  // to retrieve the current size.
  bool GetPayloadSize(int* size);

  CompoundBuffer buffer_;

  // |next_payload_| stores the size of the next payload if known.
  // |next_payload_known_| is true if the size of the next payload is known.
  // After one payload is read this is reset to false.
  int next_payload_;
  bool next_payload_known_;
};

}  // namespace protocol
}  // namespace remoting

#endif  // REMOTING_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_DECODER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home > Machu Picchu Travel Information > Machu Picchu Tourism
Machu Picchu Tourism
All the Machu Picchu pictures you'll find online can't and won't compare the detailed labor that the Incas had to put on, in order to get this amazing result. Not only Machu Picchu but lot's of archaeological sites spread through Peru show the perfection that this culture had in mind, and the vision they worked hard for.
Here some interesting Machu Picchu facts:
Machu Picchu is called the "lost city" because the jungle had literally swallowed it when Yale explorer Hiram Bingham III "rediscovered" it in 1911. When the overgrown vegetation was removed, the complex of ruins was revealed.
For Machu Picchu Tours we always recommend to spend at least one night in Aguas Calientes, the nearest town (20 min. away). For those who have the time and are looking for an incredible experience, we recommend to star two nights. There are all kinds of hotels in Aguas Calientes, from hostals to 5 stars hotels. Enjoy Machu Picchu!
Also visit the Peru Travel Packages section, they are amazing and interesting because there are many unique places to visit besides Machu Picchu.
Tourism without borders
Machu Picchu the ancient Inca city, rediscovered as the early 20th century, but for some reason, was completely abandoned some 100 years later. Not only Machu Picchu but lot's of archaeological sites spread through Peru show the perfection that this culture had in mind, and the vision they worked hard for.
Unfortunately, most of the cities built by the Incas were destroyed by Spanish conquistadors, but Machu Picchu was in a hidden place, invisible for them,That is why this place survived.
This momumental place survived, and its the most well-preserved Inca cities an archaeological jewel.
Some scientists says Machu Picchu was an astronomical observatory, also its sacred Intihuatana stone exactly indicates the two equinoxes. Twice a year, the sun sits directly over the stone and generates no shadow.
machu picchutravel information
Find out more Machu Picchu Travel Information
Adventure sports in Machu Picchu
Archaeoastronomy and Machu Picchu
Arequipa Information
Best time to go Machu Picchu
Best Time to Visit Machu Picchu
Cuzco to Machu Picchu
Inti Raymi
Inti Raymi Information
Location of Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu Elevation
Machu Picchu History
Machu Picchu in Peru
Machu Picchu Land of the Orchids
Machu Picchu legacy of the ancient peruvians
Machu Picchu museums
Machu Picchu Peru
Machu Picchu Tour
Machu Picchu Vacations
Movies and Machu Picchu
Music and Machu Picchu
Pachacutec, the Inca Emperor
Peru Machu Picchu
Religious significance in Machu Picchu
Restaurants in Machu Picchu
The Ayar brother's legend
The legend of Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo
Train To Machu Picchu
Visit Machu Picchu


text:
Eli Apple
College: Ohio State
OPP FR
18 @Browns L 16 - 21
17 Chiefs W 34 - 31 3 3 0 0 1 0
16 Ravens W 41 - 21 5 2 3 0 0 0
15 @Broncos W 15 - 10 1 1 0 0 2 0
14 49ers L 23 - 26 2 1 1 0 1 0
13 Chargers L 22 - 41 2 1 1 0 1 0
12 Steelers W 41 - 10 2 2 0 0 1 1 50 50 50 0 0
11 @Raiders W 32 - 13 3 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
9 Browns L 16 - 41 3 3 0 0 0 0
8 @Jets L 31 - 34 4 3 1 0 0 0
7 @Ravens W 41 - 17 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 @Lions W 34 - 11 1 1 0 0 0 0
5 Packers L 22 - 25 1 1 0 0 0 0
4 Jaguars W 24 - 21 3 3 0 0 1 0
3 @Steelers W 24 - 10 8 4 4 0 1 0
2 @Bears L 17 - 20 3 2 1 0 1 0
1 Vikings W 27 - 24 5 5 0 0 0 0
Defense Career
2016 New York Giants 14 11 43 33 10 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
2017 New York Giants 11 7 42 34 8 0 8 0 2
2018 New York Giants 5 5 22 19 3 0 5 1 1
2018 New Orleans Saints 10 10 52 42 10 0 9 2 29 14.5 29 0 0 1
2019 New Orleans Saints 15 15 56 51 5 0 4 1
2020 Carolina Panthers 2 0 4 3 1 0 0 0
2021 Cincinnati Bengals 16 15 46 35 11 0 10 2 50 25 50 0 0
Veteran CB and former first-round draft pick joined the Bengals as a free agent in March, and figures to add valuable depth to the secondary ... Spent time previously with the N.Y. Giants, New Orleans Saints and Carolina Panthers ... Enters 2021 with 57 career games played (48 starts), and three INTs, 22 PDs, three FFs and five FRs ... Played collegiately at Ohio State, where he teamed with current Bengals S Vonn Bell to help Buckeyes to national championship in 2014 ... Played five games of 2018 season with the N.Y. Giants, where his position coach was current Bengals defensive coordinator Lou Anarumo.
Career transactions: Selected by N.Y. Giants in first round of 2016 NFL Draft (10th overall) … Signed with Giants on 5-6-16 … Traded by Giants to New Orleans on 10-23-18 … Saints contract expired on 3-18-20; became unrestricted free agent ... Not asked to re-sign; became free agent on 4-27-20 ... Signed with Carolina as free agent on 5-29-20 ... Contract terminated by Panthers on 10-27-20 ... Signed with Cincinnati as free agent on 3-23-21.
2020 highlights: Played two games with Carolina, and recorded four tackles ... Released by Panthers on Oct. 27.
Previous seasons: 2016—Played in 14 games (11 starts) as a rookie for the Giants ... Recorded 49 tackles, seven PDs, an INT, a FF and a FR ... Played in Giants' only playoff game, and recorded four tackles and a PD. 2017—Played in 11 games (seven starts) for the Giants ... Recorded 49 tackles, eight PDs and two FRs. 2018—Played and started five games for the N.Y. Giants, and recorded 22 tackles, five PDs, a FF and a FR ... Traded to New Orleans in October, and went on to play and start 10 games for the Saints while recording 52 tackles, nine PDs, two INTs and a FR ... On Nov. 11 at Cincinnati, intercepted an Andy Dalton pass in the fourth quarter to help set up a Saints TD ... Started both of New Orleans' playoff games (Divisional and NFC Championship), and recorded eight tackles and a PD. 2019—Played and started 15 games for New Orleans, and recorded 58 tackles, four PDs and a FF ... Inactive for Saints' only postseason game.
College: Spent three seasons (2013-15) at Ohio State, with a redshirt year in '13 ... Played in 28 career games (27 starts) in two seasons of action, and totaled 86 tackles, four INTs and 18 PDs ... Played in 15 games (14 starts) as a redshirt freshman on Ohio State's 2014 national championship team.
Personal: Hometown is Voorhees, N.J. (outside Philadelphia) ... Attended Eastern Regional High School in Voorhees ... Considered one of the top recruits in the nation, regardless of position, and played in the 2013 Army All-American Game ... Sports industry major at Ohio State
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The Office of Legal Services provides technical and compliance assistance to local government officials regarding various federal and state laws and assists local governments with a broad range of administrative and legal matters, including finance, budget preparation, procurement and surplus property, debts, interlocal cooperation agreements, ethics, conflicts of interest, administrative and personnel policies, roads and road aid, and annexation. The Office of Legal Services is also available to advise local governments concerning the various legal requirements of the state and federal grant programs administered by DLG.
The Office of Legal Services serves as legal counsel for the State Local Finance Officer/Debt Officer and assists the SLDO/SLFO in performing his or her statutory duties.


Sri Chinmoy: AUM is a Sanskrit syllable, or you can say, a complete word. We have, in India, the Trinity: Brahma, Vishnu and Siva — the Creator, Preserver and Transformer. A represents Brahma the Creator, U represents Vishnu the Preserver and M represents Siva the Transformer. And this AUM is the breath of the Supreme. The Indian sages, seers and yogins of yore chanted this AUM and they got their souls' illumination and liberation. Even now, most of the seekers in India chant AUM most devotedly. They will have their Realisation by chanting AUM, the Power Infinite.


Elizabeth and Robert Foxworth. 1970s candid photo of Elizabeth with actor Robert Foxworth.whom she lived with for 20 years and married 2 years before her death.. Wallpaper and background images in the Elizabeth Montgomery club tagged: elizabeth montgomery actress robert foxworth actor candid photo.
This Elizabeth Montgomery photo contains sunglasses, dark glasses, and shades.


text:
Catholic LGBT families introduce themselves ahead of Pope's visit
By Ross Murray, Senior Director, GLAAD Media Institute |
On the opening day of the World Meeting of Families, Catholic LGBT people and their families introduced themselves to the media and the wider world. GLAAD is working with Equally Blessed, who organized the pilgrimage of the LGBT families. At a press conference at Arch Street United Methodist Church, some of the pilgrims told bits of their story of accepting themselves or a loved one.
Marianne Duddy-Burke, the Executive Director of DignityUSA, shared about the challenges she and her wife, Becky, went to adopt their children.
When we decided that adopting through the foster care system was the right path for us, Becky and I contacted Catholic Charities. The social worker who started our intake told us that the agency would train and certify us, that hat the supervisors did not allow workers to place children with same-sex couples because it was against church teaching. Fortunately, our state foster care system welcomes LGBT people as foster and adoptive parents, and over time we were matched with two extraordinary girls, our daughters Emily and Fini.
Rosa Manriquez of Los Angeles spoke about accepting and loving her daughter, and drew a parallel for how the church can love its LGBT members.
My brothers and sisters, especially in the Roman Catholic hierarchy, talk to the LGBT community, not about the LGBT community. Jesus sat and ate with the most marginalized of his time. And he listened tgo them. He let their words touch him. My brothers and sisters, let us engage in a holy, humble dialogue where ho one's voice is greater or lesser than the others. It is my hope that the Roman Catholic Church, both the institution and community, this very human church that is so dear to me, will accept the gift of looking at our LGBT sisters and brothers with the loving gaze of God. It is then, that we will understand the gift of unconditional love.
Although she is not on the pilgrimage with Equally Blessed, Margie Winters had comments of her own. Margie is the Philadelphia Catholic school teacher who was fired after an anonymous source filed a complaint that she was married to another woman.
I had the privilege of weaving the Spirit and mission of Mercy throughout our school through faith formation, community building, and outreach to those who are poor, homeless, hungry and lovely. My firing, and too many others like it, has touched at the core of who we are as Church. Some bishops question the Catholic identity of institutions who have LGBT members serving them. We ask the Church to reflect on its own identity: an identity now associated with the discriminatory treatment of the LGBT community. We are your sisters and brothers in faith. We ask that the Church reflect on its treatment of the LGBT community through the lens of the social justice principles of human dignity, respect for the gifts that we offer the Church, the dignity and rights of workers, and of justice.
GLAAD was on hand to provide media outlets with printed copies of "The Papal Visit: A journalist's guide to reporting on Pope Francis and the LGBT community," a resource guide for journalists covering Pope Francis and LGBT Catholics. Written in both Spanish and English, the guidebook contains a timeline outlining some of the Pope's most prominent actions and statements about the LGBT community as well as best, practices, pitfalls, and terms to avoid when discussing LGBT Catholics. Further, the guide highlights LGBT-supportive Catholics, LGBT Catholic organizations, story ideas focusing on both LGBT acceptance and opposition among Catholics, and more.
The pilgrims will be appearing in many media outlets throughout the week. And many will be appearing in GLAAD's #TellThePope Tumblr. What do you want the Pope to know about LGBT people? Submit a photo, video, or story to the Tell the Pope Tumblr about your experience as an LGBT person or ally.
There is still time to add your name, and urge Pope Francis to meet with LGBT Catholics and their families during his trip to the United States. Sign the petition now.
Spanish-Language and Latino
World Meeting of Families,
Roman Catholic Church,
Pennsylvania,
Equally Blessed,
Marianne Duddy-Burke


text:
Words matter, words have power
by darcy_roland	 August 11, 2018
Today I was watching the Little League World Series. One of the players made a great play that resulted in a run, putting the team in the lead. I was in the other room listening to the announcers. One of the commentators complimented the player saying that this man was responsible for the putting Iowa on the score board.
While it was a great compliment.
But I was also struck, because in order to play in the Little League World series you are between the ages of 10-12. However, there was no hesitation in calling this player a man. I listened more closely and noticed the sportscasters would call them boys when they were referring to them as a team but when commenting on individual players they were either men or young men.
I found this contrasted some commentating I've heard for women's sports, namely surfing. Over the past year there has been a major shift and the surfers are referred to as women, ladies, athletes or surfers there are still some who see no issue with calling these athletes girls.
What really stands out is for surfing these women are professionals and with the Little League World Series, they are a ways off from professional status.
Admittedly there is a cultural difference in surfing and baseball. But using language like young man or man gives validity to the career path. Men have careers, boys have hobbies and past times.
Since I was younger, there has been a push to take charge of the word girl and make it a word of power. However, there are still people who think it is nothing but cute how women are pushing to make the word girl powerful. While all of this focus on making being a girl powerful, it is still an insult to call a man or boy a girl or accuse them of acting like a girl. When the word girl is no longer thrown out as a way to put someone down, then we've made real progress.
Categories: politics, social, sports, Uncategorized, womenTags: boy, change, culture, equality, excuse, Girl Power, girls, insult, llws, man, power, progress, shift, woman, women, words
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text:
Previous Cases
ptsd Previous Cases
Asked by Cavman,
Cavman
State: US
Does anyone know of previous cases granting disability for gerd, barrets esophagus, hiatal hernia or insomnia as secondary disabilities to PTSD? Also, does anyone know of a case where a combat vet won a tinnitus case? I have read and read and can`t find cases to send with my claims.
carlie 3 posts
Cavman 2 posts
Berta 1 post
jessie0054 1 post
jessie0054
Caveman:
I don't know about your conditions of Secondary PTSD, But my husband was awarded 10% for tinnitus for combat in Vietnam.
Location:Beautiful hills of NY andwidow of 2 vets, 2 HD each and mother of USAF vet-my daughter, 7 years Top Secret Intel
Interests:tactical warfare - AMU 1st Civilian graduate and with Honors gardening fishing Oriental home design organic cleaning tips Capt Adoph Von Shell-interested in any info at all! German Commander (WWI)lectured to the US Army after the war on warfare-- PTSD - tactics etc-and Leadership The Pullers-Chesty and Lewis (USMC) chocolate brownies anything at all regarding Vietnam the failure of the Maginot Line (WWII) Trench warfare anything amphibious WHITE SNAKE, Led Zepplin, Bob Dylan, Sting, Al Green, Mozart, Classical guitar,Moog synthesizer, Eminem,Janis Joplin, Michael Jackson, Teddy Pendergast, Mongo Santamaria, Cal Tjader, Miles Davis, AmerIndian battle chants, Hendrix,etc etc etc Pho and nuc mam dinners
Cavman -I am sure I posted a GERD claim here granted as secondary to PTSD but I cannot find it-
One thing about sending BVA cases to VA to support a claim- it usually doesn't help---
a BVA decision only rgards the evidence in the claim they decided and the VA wants clear medical evidence to associate the two disabilties in your claim.
CAVC cases are different-if the CAVC renders a precedent setting opinion-sometimes they can be of help in support for a SC claim.
Still- the VA wants specific evidence to the veteran's specific disabilities.
There are plenty of tinnitus claims at the CAVC because these vets were awarded tinnitus at 10% for one ear but they are claiming bilateral tinnitus- and these claims are in stay proceedings.
I won a case for tinnitus. Lost for hearing loss - not severe enuf but won for tinnitus. 11b4p, 2yrs VN
Service Connected Disability: 100+
This is a great case that grants Gerd & IBS as
SC secondary to PTSD.
The main thing I notice in the award is that the
doctor states, " When PTSD symptoms become worse the Gerd and IBS become worse." This is the medical nexus needed.
Iposted this Dec. 2005
Citation Nr: 0303462
Decision Date: 02/27/03 Archive Date: 03/05/03
DOCKET NO. 02-21 272 ) DATE
On appeal from the
Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in Lincoln,
1. Entitlement to service connection for gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD), claimed as secondary to service-
connected post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
2. Entitlement to service connection for irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS), claimed as secondary to service-connected
PTSD.
(The issues of entitlement to service connection for drug and
alcohol dependence and hepatitis C will be the subject of a
later decision.)
Appellant represented by: Robert Stevens Berry, Attorney
at Law
ATTORNEY FOR THE BOARD
Bernard T. DoMinh, Counsel
The veteran served on active duty from May 1967 to December
This matter comes to the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board)
on appeal from a June 2002 rating decision by the Lincoln,
Nebraska, Regional Office (RO) of the Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA) which, inter alia, denied the veteran's claims
for service connection for GERD, IBS, drug and alcohol
dependence and hepatitis C. This decision only addresses the
issues of service connection for GERD and IBS. Further
development will be conducted on the issues of entitlement to
service connection for drug and alcohol dependence and
hepatitis C pursuant to authority granted by 67 Fed. Reg.
3,099, 3,104 (Jan. 23, 2002) (codified at 38 C.F.R. §
19.9(a)(2)). When it is completed, the Board will provide
notice of the development as required by Rule of Practice
903. See 38 C.F.R. § 20.903 (2002). After giving the notice
to the veteran and reviewing any response to the notice, the
Board will prepare a separate decision addressing the latter
The veteran is service-connected for PTSD which is currently
rated as 70 percent disabling. He presently has a total
rating for individual unemployability due to his service-
connected psychiatric disorder.
1. The veteran's chronic GERD did not have its onset during
active service.
2. The veteran's chronic GERD has increased in severity as a
result of episodic elevations of psychiatric symptomatology
associated with his service-connected PTSD.
3. The veteran's chronic IBS did not have its onset during
4. The veteran's chronic IBS has increased in severity as a
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The grant of service connection is warranted for
gastroesophageal reflux disese. 38 C.F.R. § 3.310(a) (2002);
Allen v. Brown, 7 Vet. App. 439 (1995).
irritable bowel syndrome. 38 C.F.R. § 3.310(a) (2002);
REASONS AND BASES FOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary Matters
The Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000, implemented in
38 U.S.C.A. §§ 5103, 5103A (West Supp. 2002), now requires VA
to assist a claimant in developing all facts pertinent to a
claim for VA benefits, including a medical opinion and notice
to the claimant and the claimant's representative, if any, of
any information, and any medical or lay evidence, not
previously provided to the VA Secretary, that is necessary to
substantiate the claim. VA has issued regulations to
implement the Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000. 66
Fed. Reg. 45,620 (Aug. 29, 2001) (codified as amended at
38 C.F.R. §§ 3.102, 3.156(a), 3.159 and 3.326(a) (2002)).
The VCAA is applicable to all claims filed on or after the
date of enactment, November 9, 2000, or filed before the date
of enactment and not yet final as of that date. The
provisions of the VCAA and the implementing regulations are
accordingly applicable. See Holliday v. Principi, 14 Vet.
App. 280 (2001) (the Board must make a determination as to
the applicability of the various provisions of the VCAA to a
particular claim).
We note that the RO has provided the veteran with notice of
the VCAA in a Statement of the Case dated in October 2002, in
which the VCAA-compliant duty to assist provisions of the
revised version of 38 C.F.R. § 3.159 were discussed. The RO
has provided the veteran with an explanation of how VA would
assist him in obtaining necessary information and evidence.
The appellant has been made aware of the information and
evidence necessary to substantiate his claims and has been
provided opportunities to submit such evidence. A review of
the claims file also shows that VA has conducted reasonable
efforts to assist him in obtaining evidence necessary to
substantiate his claims of entitlement to service connection
for GERD and IBS during the course of this appeal. Medical
nexus opinions addressing the issues of entitlement to
service connection for GERD and IBS have also been obtained
and associated with the evidence. See Charles v. Principi,
No. 01-1536 (U.S. Vet. App. Oct. 3, 2002). Finally, the
veteran has not identified any additional, relevant evidence
that has not otherwise been requested or obtained. He has
been notified of the evidence and information necessary to
substantiate his claims with respect to the issues of service
connection for GERD and IBS, and he has been notified of VA's
efforts to assist him. (See Quartuccio v. Principi, 16 Vet.
App. 183 (2002).) As a result of the development that has
been undertaken, there is no reasonable possibility that
further assistance will aid in substantiating the
aforementioned claims. For these reasons, further
development of the claims of entitlement to service
connection for GERD and IBS is not necessary to meet the
requirements of 38 U.S.C.A. §§ 5103 and 5103A.
After the evidence has been assembled, it is the Board's
responsibility to evaluate the entire record. See 38
U.S.C.A. § 7104(a) (West 1991 & Supp. 2002). The standard of
review for cases before the Board is as follows: when there
is an approximate balance of evidence regarding the merits of
an issue material to the determination of the matter, the
benefit of the doubt in resolving each such issue shall be
given to the claimant. 38 U.S.C.A. § 5107 (West 1991 & Supp.
2002); 38 C.F.R. §§ 3.102, 4.3 (2002). In Gilbert v.
Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 49, 53 (1990), the United States Court
of Appeals for Veterans Claims (Court) stated that "a
(claimant) need only demonstrate that there is an
'approximate balance of positive and negative evidence' in
order to prevail." To deny a claim on its merits, the
preponderance of the evidence must be against the claim.
Alemany v. Brown, 9 Vet. App. 518, 519 (1996), citing Gilbert
v. Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. At 54.
Factual Background and Analysis: Entitlement to service
connection GERD and IBS, claimed as secondary to service-
connected PTSD.
Service connection involves many factors, but basically means
that the facts, shown by the evidence, establish that a
particular injury or disease resulting in disability was
incurred coincident with service, or if pre-existing such
service, was aggravated therein. This may be accomplished by
affirmatively showing inception or aggravation during service
or through the application of statutory presumptions.
38 C.F.R. § 3.303(a) (2002).
Clear and unmistakable evidence (obvious and manifest) is
required to rebut the presumption of aggravation where the
pre-service disability underwent an increase in severity
during service. This includes medical facts and principles
which may be considered to determine whether the increase is
due to the natural progress of the condition. Aggravation
may not be conceded where the disability underwent no
increase in severity during service on the basis of all the
evidence of record pertaining to the manifestations of the
disability prior to, during and subsequent to service.
38 U.S.C.A. § 1153 (West 1991); 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(B) (2002).
With chronic disability or disease shown as such in service
(or within the presumptive period under 38 C.F.R. § 3.307
(2002)) so as to permit a finding of service connection,
subsequent manifestations of the same chronic disease at any
later date, however remote, are service connected, unless
clearly attributable to intercurrent causes. This rule does
not mean that any manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms
in service will permit service connection for a chronic
digestive system disorder, first shown as a clear-cut
clinical entity, at some later date. For the showing of
chronic disease in service there is required a combination
of manifestations sufficient to identify the disease entity,
and sufficient observation to establish chronicity at the
time, as distinguished from merely isolated findings or a
diagnosis including the word "chronic." When the disease
identity is established, there is no requirement of
evidentiary showing of continuity. Continuity of
symptomatology is required only where the condition noted
during service (or in the presumptive period) is not, in
fact, shown to be chronic, or where the diagnosis of
chronicity may be legitimately questioned. When the fact of
chronicity in service is not adequately supported, then a
showing of continuity after discharge is required to support
the claim. 38 C.F.R. § 3.303(B) (2002). Service connection
may be granted for any disease diagnosed after discharge
from active duty when all the evidence, including that
pertinent to service, establishes that the disease was
incurred in service. 38 C.F.R. § 3.303(d) (2002). Service
connection may also be granted for disability which is
proximately due to or the result of a service-connected
disease or injury. 38 C.F.R. § 3.310(a) (2002).
The veteran's service medical records show normal
gastrointestinal findings on entrance examination in May
1967 and on separation examination in November 1968. His
records show no treatment or diagnosis for a chronic
gastrointestinal disorder during his period of active duty.
VA examination in March 2002 shows that the veteran's
medical history was reviewed and following examination he
was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease and
irritable bowel syndrome. The examining physician expressed
the following medical opinion:
"The veteran's (claims)-file was reviewed in its
entirety. Questions being asked today. 'Are the
veteran's acid reflux and irritable bowel
syndrome secondary to the veteran's service
connected PTSD?' It seems more likely than not
when this veteran's PTSD symptomatology worsens,
then his reflux will worsen along with his
irritable bowel syndrome. He still gets daily
constipation and diarrhea, which is on a constant
basis and constantly revolving. When his mental
symptoms worsen then his bowels will act up.
These (symptoms) are most likely secondary to his
PTSD."
The medical evidence clearly shows that the onset of the
veteran's chronic IBS or GERD did not begin prior to or
during his period of active service which ended over three
decades ago. IBS and GERD are not diseases which are
recognized in the regulation 38 C.F.R. § 3.309 as being
entitled to presumptive service connection if manifested to a
compensable degree within one year after separation from
active duty. Therefore, an award of service connection for a
chronic gastrointestinal disability on a direct basis or on
the basis of aggravation of pre-existing condition cannot be
granted.
The evidence also does not establish that service connection
for the veteran's IBS and GERD may be granted on a secondary
basis as the March 2002 nexus opinion provided by the VA
examiner specifically states that it is the veteran's PTSD
causes his gastrointestinal symptoms to worsen, but not that
the psychiatric disability is the actual cause of the IBS and
GERD. However, in the case of Allen v. Brown, 7 Vet. App.
439 (1995), the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans
Claims (hereinafter referred to as the Court) presented an
opinion in which it extrapolated that the term
"disability," as used in 38 U.S.C.A. § 1110, refers to
impairment of earning capacity and that such definition
mandates that any additional impairment of earning capacity
resulting from a disability which is already service-
connected, regardless of whether or not the additional
impairment is itself a separate disease or injury caused by
the service-connected disability, shall be service-connected.
Thus, pursuant to 38 U.S.C.A. § 1110 and 38 C.F.R. §
3.310(a), when aggravation of a nonservice-connected
disability is proximately due to or the result of a service-
connected disability, an award of compensation may be allowed
for the degree of disability, but only that degree over and
above the degree of disability existing prior to the
aggravation. The circumstances of the present case meet the
conditions contemplated by the Court in the Allen case.
The medical evidence governing the outcome of this case is
clear. The question of whether the episodes of PTSD cause an
increase in the severity of the veteran's gastrointestinal
disorders is a medical question that must be resolved by
weighing the competent medical evidence. It is not a
question for either the RO or the Board to resolve based on
independent analysis of the record. For a dozen years, the
law has been clear as to the significance of competent
medical evidence in matters requiring medical judgment.
Colvin v. Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 171 (1991). In this case a
competent physician reviewed the record and conlcuded that
the symptoms of PTSD caused an increase in the severity of
the gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, service
connection must granted for IBS and GERD.
Service connection for gastroesophageal reflux disease is
Service connection for irritable bowel syndrome is granted.
G. H. SHUFELT
Veterans Law Judge
IMPORTANT NOTICE: We have attached a VA Form 4597 that tells
you what steps you can take if you disagree with our
decision. We are in the process of updating the form to
reflect changes in the law effective on December 27, 2001.
See the Veterans Education and Benefits Expansion Act of
2001, Pub. L. No. 107-103, 115 Stat. 976 (2001). In the
meanwhile, please note these important corrections to the
advice in the form:
? These changes apply to the section entitled "Appeal to
the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans
Claims." (1) A "Notice of Disagreement filed on or
after November 18, 1988" is no longer required to
appeal to the Court. (2) You are no longer required to
file a copy of your Notice of Appeal with VA's General
Counsel.
? In the section entitled "Representation before VA,"
filing a "Notice of Disagreement with respect to the
claim on or after November 18, 1988" is no longer a
condition for an attorney-at-law or a VA accredited
agent to charge you a fee for representing you.
This is a VA Study from March 12, 2003
Great Info - make the VA eat and pay for their own words. lol
http://www.pbm.va.gov/archive/gerdguidelinesfinal.pdf
Another Gerd Case
http://www.va.gov/vetapp01/files01/0101137.txt
Edited November 12, 2006 by carlie (see edit history)
Thank you so much.....I`m using this.


Serve this magnificent ham, baked with apricot jam and studded with cloves.
Once done, remove the skin (peel it off).
Cut up in slices and enjoy as part of your Christmas meal.
We have tried and used various well-known brand name Ham in the past but have found that it's over processed and not of good quality.
This year, my husband bought the ham from a local butcher and it turned out the best ever, Good quality, perfect taste, not too salty, just absolutely perfect.


The Money Matters Fair presented by MakingChange has expanded its offerings for the entire family. Set for Sunday, April 24, from 11 a.m.-2 p.m., at Wilde Lake High School, the free financial education activities include workshops, one-on-one sessions with professionals, and exhibitors. There will be entertainment and food for sale by the Wilde Lake High School PTSA.
For youth and teens, the Y-Fi Personal Financial Challenge includes an opportunity to put your money skills to the test. The interactive reality simulation reveals how career, education and spending choices impact success. The popular Y-Fi challenge appeals to middle and high school students.
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The following story appears in Going Down Swinging #38. Grab a copy here.
Yabbie King by Aaron Billings, from Going Down Swinging #38.
The last swim of the holiday, snuck between packing and leaving. Oliver heads back in, his fingers brushing jelly-blubbers at the end of each breaststroke. They bounce away, spun around and dragged by his wake. The water's thick with them, like bits in soup. The low tide carries an ending – the shadows are longer, the air colder. The bay is aware of him, somehow.
He mentions this to Mae when she gets back from hunting crabs.
"Why would it care?" She's covered in mud up to her boardies, flecks of dirt drying across her T-shirt and forehead. She looks like a predator meant to trudge through mangroves, to look down through silt and watch for armoured backs.
"I found three," she says, holding up a bucket. "Males. A seventeen, a fifteen and a twenty. All legal." The biggest muddie's curled up with his claws tucked by his face, measuring twenty centimetres across his moss-green back. Underneath him, separated by layers of mangrove leaves, are two others big enough for eating.
"You've gotten really good," he says.
The two of them need to be out on the water, well away from shore before dark. Before the Nocturnals start dancing. They triple-check the knot-work of their raft, fastening each barrel: bright blue plastic, lashed around their gunnels in rows of four by three. They settle their minds to the idea of coming back one day but not, at least, for a year. High school starts in a month and there are haircuts and books to buy.
The raft slides off the jetty and it floats like they knew it would. Mae sets out with the steering pole, like a gondolier from Venice. She sings "'My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean'," but gets the words wrong, strings them together too quickly: "My bodyliesovertheocean… My bodyliesoverthesea…" She laughs at her own private joke. Out towards the harbour, out in the open water where it's too deep for them to steer, cruise liners drift like icebergs.
The sun reaches its peak. They hide from it in the shade of the mangroves, lighting a fire in a metal bin and letting the crabs bake on a grill above the coals. Their shells glow ridiculous orange, the tips of their claws a piercing white.
Eating crabs is a ritual of sparagmos and omophagia – of tearing apart with bare hands and ingesting fresh and raw. Breaking off their legs, slurping out the meat and tossing the sucked-out hollows into the water where fish can slither inside cavities too small for human tongues. Ash sticks to everything, on fingers sticky with sweat. Flies landing on cracked shells, getting filthy.
"You say that every year," she says, wrenching open a carapace and scooping out a hunk of back meat. One crab each. One crab left.
The clouds thicken up towards the afternoon, giving them cover when they set out again. They take turns steering, playing games with their conversations. Young games with no rules: accept what is said and respond with something open and free. Even if you don't understand it.
"We'd probably taste the same," he says back. "We've been eating the same things. We'd taste like salt and mud and crab guts." She laughs at that.
She puts her fingers together, like a ribcage, and slurps her tongue between the gaps. He shivers at the thought.
Salt cooks on their skin, muscles aching all the way, but they make it to the mouth of the estuary at the other side of the bay. A full day's work. They drop their anchor – a bucket filled with cement, an eyebolt embedded into it – even though the water is so still it reflects the sky. If they look long enough they can get turned around, swallowed up. The two of them set up a tent in the centre of the raft and rest.
Night starts to happen. First in the water, when the bottom fades away. Then in the sky, when charcoal fills its edges, until the darkness is broken only by the reflection of the moon pulled and stretched across the bay. Neither of them notice it happening until they can hardly see into the trees.
At night the world belongs to other animals; invisible things lurk through the silt underneath, feeling for heat and vibrations. Oliver gets to the business of sleep. Mae stays sitting up, watching the mangrove forest.
She stays, fixed on the tree line. They hear music, electronic and synthetic, the faint spores of rhythm moving ahead of the wind.
The Nocturnals emerge into the gaps between the trees, ear-to-speaker with boom-boxes, bass pulsating across the water. Some are wrapped in seagrass and mangrove leaves, others cover themselves in possum fur and stingray-leather, the tusks of wild pigs, the pelts of feral cats. They carry buckets of glow-in-the-dark, dripping radioactive light that leaks through branches.
"They must be driving the animals crazy," Oliver says, but he is barely listening to himself.
The Nocturnals begin to dance. They dip their hands into the buckets, smothering themselves in glowing paint. They press their bodies together, mixing colours, thrashing like the daughters of Bacchus, lost and abandoned to the world. Paint spatters onto leaves until they've created a nest of writhing neon.
"Look," Mae says, and she points back across the bay to the trees on the far side. Flickers of light created by rival gangs of Nocturnals, fires dotting the horizon. He climbs into the tent and sleeps, legs drenched in sweat.
In the morning, mist has settled over the mangroves. Oliver and Mae drink dew from a water catcher and set off into the mouth of the estuary. Their stomachs begin growling as the tide starts to rise, and so they split their last crab between them. One claw, half a back and a fistful of legs each. They throw the carcass into the water and watch a long, black eel slither away with it into deeper water.
They keep moving, up the river, pushing against the silt. The water is impeccably clear, filtered by thousands of roots. Oliver and Mae glide over the top of it all. They imagine fish looking up to see the stomach of an impossibly large beast, a wooden whale blocking the sun.
Their conversations start running away again, bouncing off each other. Going everywhere and leading back to nowhere.
"What do you want to be?" she asks.
"When you grow up?" She lies on her back and looks at the sky.
"I want to find someone I can fight, every night, someone who will bite me back and claw at me when I jump on them, someone who can hunt and scavenge and will run away and never come back sometimes," she speaks faster and faster, chasing the clouds.
"Someone just like you?' he asks, and she snaps towards him.
"Yeah!' And they fight, rocking the raft from side to side. Splashes lap at the banks, scattering fish. Underneath it must look like a storm, a giant cloud rollicking and churning up a land of white hills. Mae goes too far, as she has been doing lately, knocking her head into his, crunching his nose and making his head spin. He stands back, catching his breath, fighting back tears.
"Sorry," she says. He scolds her with red-rimmed eyes. She holds her knees and stares into the water. Sulking, Oliver grabs the steering pole and pushes them on, forward, back home.
"Look." Mae's voice snaps Oliver out of a daydream, their argument almost forgotten. She points towards the centre of the river, directing his eyes to a dark, flickering shape that sits under the surface. The water is deeper there – too deep for the pole.
"We'll make it," he says, but there's no use arguing, she's already kicking off her sandals, snatching up a wet bag and stepping off the raft. She wades out to the middle and treads, breathes in, out, in again. Her body floats on the surface until she lifts her legs, dips forward, and slips effortlessly under the water.
He tries to keep track of how long she stays under, but he lets a little bit of fear in and imagines what it would be like to be left alone. His thoughts won't stay still. His chest tightens. It's egg-laying season, and sharks have been known to swim this far up the river. The water seems darker: the afternoon must be setting in. Alone. He wouldn't have any friends at school. He could never come back.
Mae's head breaks the surface. She gasps, swallowing air, while Oliver breathes out, letting the worry out of his chest, deflating. He shivers. Mae sculls back to the raft and clambers on-board, flopping onto her stomach and rolling onto her back. She sits up and rummages through her wet bag.
"Find anything?" he asks. She looks at him, and he looks back, a small moment of unrecognisability in one another that disappears quickly but leaves an impression that won't go away. They look older, tired, a trace of worry in their eyes.
"What happened?" he asks, making sure not to add, "to you".
Mae pulls something heavy out of her bag. It thunks against the raft as she places it down.
"I found this," she says, turning it over slowly, as if to show that she knows it's not a toy. A knife, something made for camping or hunting, tucked inside a leather sheath.
"And these." She empties out her bag and out spills a coil of wet climbing rope, and a tiny, plastic first-aid kit.
They set off again, Mae steering, not speaking a word until sunset. The light fades faster that deep into the forest. The night seems closer. Birdsong's replaced by the intermittent barks, screeches and deep notes of owls – Boobooks, Frogmouths out hunting. They move their raft as deep as they can go. Mae sits cross-legged, looking out into the forest even though she can hardly see past the first row of trees.
She comes back. He smiles a 'thank you' at her. They climb into the tent and into their sleeping bags. Mae rolls onto her side, away from him, and he remembers that when they first started coming to the bay they would talk face to face all night, waking up with mutual morning breath blasting each other.
After a while, under the gaze of owls and night-hunters, they fall asleep with empty minds. Whatever dreams they have, whatever thoughts left over from the day, are carried away by the river.
Music pounds him into reality. Oliver opens his eyes to darkness, something wrong in the air. Smoke, ash, wood fire. The tent's open and he can feel a breeze drinking away his body heat. Music, beating drums, reverberating bass. He feels around, searching for a body beside him. He is alone. Adjusting his vision to the darkness, he climbs through the open zip.
"Mae?" he says. She's standing near the edge of the raft. She hasn't seen him, can't hear him, doesn't know he's watching her dance. She has her hands in her hair, throwing her head around, side to side, to the beat.
The Nocturnals are on the banks of the river, so close. Closer than he's ever seen them. He can hear them laugh, smashing bottles against trees. A few of them twirl and leap over bonfires, covered in neon paint, painfully bright against his night eyes. Oliver can feel their music vibrating over his skin and fizzling out along his hair – the kind of music that ignores you or forces you to join in, to grapple with it, fight it, releasing anything pent up.
"Mae," he says, louder this time, and she spins around, an animal reflex. "Let's go to sleep." His voice feels tiny compared to the frenzy of sound that engulfs him. She stays silent, searching for something – as if wanting to say no, as if wanting to turn back around and forget him – and it must be written on her face because he looks at her like she's just said that all out loud, screamed it at him.
"What happened to you?" he says, and now it's her turn to look hurt.
They stare at each other, letting the dance of the Nocturnals drown everything out. It fills their ears, and when they try to breathe it fills their mouths and noses until it's all through them, echoing off of every hollow space inside – holding them, tugging and pulling at them – until they are full of it, made of it.
A beer bottle splashes in the water. They look to the banks. The Nocturnals are staring at them, calling them over. Their eyes are silvery and bright, flashing between branches like machine-gun fire. Mae watches them, staring without blinking for longer and longer. She steps forward, almost into the water, before Oliver grabs her hand. And yet she still watches. Still mesmerised. She leans away from him, and he feels like he's going to be swept away in her wake.
He fumbles around in the dark, finding the coil of rope dragged up from the river bottom. Tying a knot around her wrist, and another around his, he holds her in place like an anchor. He keeps her there all night until the music starts fading, until the Nocturnals filter away to wherever they go when the world no longer belongs to them.
Mae stops pulling when the sun is well and truly up. Her shoulders sink, her chin drops to her chest. Oliver's muscles are aching and cramping, his legs full of pins and needles. He closes his eyes, and then the knife is in her hands, her movements jarring him out of a microsleep. She examines the blade, the serrated edge near the hilt, the fold of metal. She looks at the rope around her wrist.
"What knot is this?" she asks.
"It's pretty," she says. "I like it." She cuts through the rope with a few tugs, leaving the knot as a bracelet.
They crawl into the tent and sleep for a while, their sleeping bags open and kicked to their ankles. They wake at the same time – their body clocks synchronised after travelling next to each other for so long. The sun has passed its peak already; most of the day is gone.
"We better get going," she says.
They brush their teeth, something they've forgotten to do for a while, and spit gobs of Colgate into the river. White foam floats away. They weigh anchor, Mae takes the steering pole, and they set off.
The river becomes dirtier, the air thicker. The trees open up to grass fields and football ovals. The mangroves disappear, crushed underneath stone slabs laid by a local council. Signs with rules on them appear – no dogs off leashes, a bushfire spectrum set to 'low-moderate'. They can see the city in the distance, a tower poking up above a skyline. A plane leaves a trail of vapour behind, and from the way it's flying overhead, it looks like a rocket has taken off straight into the sky.
"What?" Oliver looks up at her.
She keeps pushing them on. People, families look at them as they go past, seeing only two sunburnt children in boardies and rashies with fading elastic.
Mae looks at him. The way the afternoon light reflects off her irises – a glint of silver like a wildcat – lodges in his mind and he can't quite forget it.
"That's never going to be you," he says. It feels wrong but it's the best he can do.
Mae looks at the knot around her wrist.
"It felt like me, and you, and all of us." She stops pushing the raft, and for a while they are stuck between worlds.


Rwanda and Uganda have committed to pressing ahead with demarcation of their boundary. A recent report indicates that the Rwandan government has allocated some 700 million Rwandan francs (just over $1.2 million USD) for the project that has been partially encouraged by the African Union Border Programme iniative. Rwanda's Director General of Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation, Joseph Kabakeza, was quoted as saying that joint technical teams have already been active surveying the boundary and identifying any existing boundary marks. A joint technical committee has agreed a budget for the full demarcation exercise that will re-establish older boundary marks from the colonial period that may have fallen into disrepair. It is likely that additional marks will be added to make the boundary more visible on the ground. Alongside this technical exercise will be a joint sensitisation programme to educate local borderland populations about the administrative benefits of clear boundary demarcation. In the reported interview, Kabakeza was keen to stress that there were no contentious boundary issues between Rwanda and Uganda.
Through its Border Programme instituted in 2007, the African Union is encouraging all African states to clearly delimit and demarcate their boundaries by 2010. The Rwanda-Uganda boundary is approximately 169 kilometers in length, following a series of overland sections, rivers and streams. It was first marked on the ground by an Anglo-German boundary commission in 1910-11 with 38 main pillars. The western section of the boundary traverses the famed extinct volcanoes of Mounts Sabinio, Mgahinga and Muhabura in the Virunga mountains. The boundary lies between the renowned wildlife areas including Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park and Uganda's Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, as well as the Virunga National Park in neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Source: 'Rwanda to spend 700m francs to demarcate border with Uganda' The New Times, Kigali, 20 April 2010.


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text:
Stem Cells in Human Teeth Follow the Rules of Their Environment
How stem cells in human teeth respond to different environmental conditions offers clues for regenerative medicine.
Roni Dengler, PhD
Feb 7, 2022 | 2 min read
When Thimios Mitsiadis was young, he wanted to be an astronaut. As he got older, he thought he would like to become a musician. Later, he considered becoming a priest. But both of his parents were in education, and the house he grew up in was full of books. Now, he too is an academic. The environment he grew up in nudged him along a particular life path.
Now as a developmental biologist at the University of Zurich, Mitsiadis leads a team of researchers who recently discovered that interactions with different environments, rather than inherent cellular differences, may drive the unique behaviors of stem cell populations in human teeth. The findings open new pathways for dental therapy, including cell-based regenerative treatments.
The human tooth under the prisms of single-cell resolution.
Thimios Mitsiadis, University of Zurich
Beneath the hard enamel crown of teeth lie layers of deeper tissues, each with distinct primary functions and behaviors. At the tooth's core is dental pulp, a highly vascularized and innervated tissue. Dental pulp harbors odontoblasts, cells that form the tooth's second layer. The periodontium anchors teeth to the ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets. This serves as the tooth's great stabilizer, absorbing the shocks and stresses of chewing, a feat that requires constant, dynamic remodeling. Both tissues contain multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, which researchers evaluate for their potential to regenerate tissues.
Mitsiadis is particularly interested in how to recreate tissues from scratch. He plans to identify what disrupts the balance of homeostasis in pathological conditions and learn to replace the damaged or injured tissue. But to discover how to recreate these tissues, he first needs to understand how they work.
Mitsiadis' team isolated dental pulp and periodontium from extracted wisdom teeth and profiled single-cell suspensions using RNAseq. Despite having different functions, the stem cell populations within the dental pulp and periodontium showed similar molecular signatures. For example, both tissues contained two main mesenchymal stem cell clusters, and expression levels of stem cell markers such as NOTCH3 were similar between the tissues.
What differed between the tissues was the microenvironment the stem cell populations inhabited. Fibroblasts were the most abundant cell type in the dental pulp, whereas epithelial cells dominated the periodontium, the researchers reported in iScience.1
Just as Mitsiadis' home environment nudged him towards academia, the microenvironment appears to influence the behavior of dental stem cell populations.
Mitsiadis likened the findings to following local customs. "I'm Greek, and in Greece, maybe the regulations are not applied so much. But I work in Switzerland. I have to obey the rules. I am the same person, but I'm behaving differently," he said.
"We are very happily surprised because you have some cells that are festive, they are joyful, they like to recreate," Mitsiadis continued. "But it depends on where the cells are… They obey the rules of the environment."
T.A. Pagella et al., "A single-cell atlas of human teeth," iScience, 24:102405, 2021.
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New York/
1867 Holmes Map of Murray Hill Farm, Midtown Manhattan, New York City
MurrayHillNewYork-holmes-1867-2
Bryant Park! Time Square! Grand Central!
Map of the 'Murray Hill Farm,' 'Ogden Place Farm,' Lawrence and Astor, Wiswall and Price, Corporation, Wm. Wright, John Taylor and other Property.
1867 (dated) 25 x 25 in (63.5 x 63.5 cm) 1 : 1625
An exceptional and extremely scarce 1867 John Bute Holmes map of New York City's Midtown East and Murray Hill neighborhoods. Holmes' map covers from 30th street to 44th street and from Broadway (Bloomingdale Road) to Lexington Avenue. This includes some of New York City's most desirable real estate, including Bryant Park, the New York Public Library, the site of the Empire State Building, 42nd Street, Grand Central Station (not yet built) and the most prestigious extensions of 5th Avenue, Madison Avenue, Park Avenue (here as 4th Ave), and Lexington Avenue.
This is one of a series of more than 50 maps prepared by Holmes to illustrate the early farms, inheritance, and topography Manhattan. Here, as the map's title suggests, Holmes identifies the large 'Murray Hill Farm,' as well as 'Ogden Place Farm,' and smaller land holdings associated with Lawrence, Astor, Wiswall, Price, William Wright, and John Taylor.
The Murray Hill Farm
The Murray Hill Farm is named after Robert Murray (1721 - 1786), an 18th century Quaker shipping magnate. Murray leased the vast tract of land between Broadway and Lexington, 30th and 38th Street, from New York City in 1762. At the highest point on his new property, a since flattened glacial till soon to be known as Murray Hill, he built a sprawling manor house called Inclenberg. The Murray family retained the property throughout the Revolutionary War (1775 - 1783). When the British invaded New York City, the family matriarch Mary Lindley Murray is credited with delaying British commander William Howe. Through her feminine wiles, Mrs. Murray enticed Howe and his officers to tea at Inclenberg, thereby giving the American freedom fighters ample time to make a quick retreat.
Ogden Place Farm
Ogden Place Farm was situated just to the northeast between Broadway (Bloomingdale Road) and Madison Avenue, 39th street and 34th street. This gentlemanly estate, build by William Ogden on land rented from the city, was the site of the gothic castle Waddell Villa, a hub for New York City elite social life well into the 1850s. The farm was partially partitioned among the heirs of William Ogden in 1838. The remainder of the farm was further partitioned by the city and sold as 187 individual lots in 1840.
The Other Farms
The remaining farms, associated with notable New York City families like Astor, Lawrence, Wiswall, Price, Wright, and Taylor, were similarly reverted to Common Lands and sold as lots in the first half of the 19th century following the issue of the 1811 Commissioner's Plan and the solidification of the Manhattan street grid.
The Lotting of Manhattan
In the early 19th century most of Manhattan was undeveloped farmlands, the property of wealthy landowners with claims dating to the New York's Dutch 'New Amsterdam' period. The northern two thirds of Manhattan was dotted with farms and sprawling gentlemanly estates, many with great manor houses overlooking the Hudson River. The Commissioner's Plan of 1811, and the 1807 Commission Law, laid the street grid through many of these properties and gave the city the right to claim these lands under eminent domain, providing compensation to the landowners. While this work occurred early in lower Manhattan, central and upper Manhattan were not formally acquired by the city until the mid-19th century.
What Holmes Did and Why
Holmes became fascinated by the early history of Manhattan real estate ownership, recognizing a business opportunity in accurately understanding the history of city land ownership, division, and inheritance. Moreover, Holmes allied himself with the corrupt Tweed administration, assuring himself and his allies even greater wealth and political power from the eminent domain seizure of old Manhattan estates. Holmes created a series of maps, reminiscent of John Randall's 'Farm Maps', overlaid with property data, showing the borders of old estates, and notating the breakup of the lands among various heirs. The complex work of compiling the maps earned Holmes a fortune, with one newspaper suggesting on his death in 1887 that some of his individual maps were worth more than 30,000 USD. There is no complete carto-bibliography of Holmes' maps, but we believe there to be at least 50 maps, possibly more.
This map was issued by John Bute Holmes in in January of 1867. It was engraved and lithographed by Arthur A. Brown. Like all Holmes work, this map is rare. There is at least one copy at the New York Public Library, as well as examples at the New York State Library, Columbia University, and Princeton University. We are aware of at least two examples in private hands. Rare.
John Bute Holmes (March 31, 1822 - May 21, 1887) was an Irish civil engineer, city surveyor, and mapmaker based in New York City in the middle to latter 19th century. Holmes was described as a 'short, stout man, with curly gray hair, a smooth face, and a short, thick neck.' Holmes' father-in-law supplied funds for him to immigrate to America in 1840 and shortly thereafter, in 1844, he established himself in New York City. He briefly returned to Europe before once again settling in New York City in 1848. Apparently, according to several New York Times articles dating to the 1870s, Holmes was a man of dubious personal and moral character. He was involved in several legal disputes most of which were associated with his outrageous - even by modern standards - womanizing. In 1857 he was convicted of forgery of a marriage document and sentenced to 15 years of hard labor at Sing Sing, of which he served 5 before wealthy associates interceded on his behalf for an early release. Holmes seems to have been married to several different women at the same time and to have had an unfortunate attraction to exceptionally young women - one of whom, 16 year old May Chamberlayne claimed to be his wife and sued him for 50,000 USD. On another occasion he was found guilty of killing Brooklyn policeman David Gourly with whose wife he 'had been intimate.' Another woman, Miss Abrams, who he hired as a housekeeper, was repeatedly attacked by Holmes and ultimately driven to madness and was consigned to Bellevue Hospital, where she died. Although he attempted to flee the country rather than face conviction for 4th degree manslaughter, he was ultimately arrested and served one year in prison. During the American Civil War he ran for Alderman of the First Ward, in New York. Despite his legal issues, Holmes was a man of considerable means, with a personal fortune estimated between 100,000 and 500,000 USD - a significant sum in the late 19th century. Much of his wealth is associated with a series of important cadastral maps produced between 1867 and 1875 while he was employed as a surveyor and civil engineer under the corrupt Tweed regime. When Holmes died of an 'apoplectic fit' there was considerable wrangling over his estate among his 7 heirs and 11 children. The cream of his estate where his maps, some of which were valued at more than 30,000 USD in 1887. Holmes lived on a large farm-estate in Fanwood New Jersey. Learn More...
Arthur A. Brown (July 7, 1827 - June 1, 1895) was a New York lithographer active in the mid to late 19th century. Brown was born in Ireland and emigrated to New York in 1849. At the time of immigration, his occupation was listed as a tailor. By 1855 he appears in the New York State Census as a lithographer. In the 1869s he printed extensively for the City Clerk's office both in Manhattan and Brooklyn. His firm, A. Brown and Company was established around 1860. His office was initially located at 179 Broadway, then 47 Nassau (1863 - 1865), 9 and 11 Thames Street (1866 - 1874), 306 Broadway (1875 - 1881), and 116 Duane Street (1882 - 1894). Brown died in 1895 and is interred in Cyprus Hills Cemetery, Brooklyn. Learn More...
Very good. Original linen backing. Some toning and soiling.
Bulletin of the New York Public Library, vol. I p. 142. OCLC #50565697. Princeton University Libraries, HMC01.5523.