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Patent application title: Wearable Electronic Patch with Antenna Enhancement
Inventors: Robert Bruce Ganton (San Diego, CA, US) Robert Scott Ballam (Eatons Hill, AU)
IPC8 Class: AH01Q127FI
Class name: Surgery diagnostic testing
A wearable electronic patch with an enhanced radio antenna includes an antenna, radio circuitry, a base portion, a distal portion, and intermediate portion, and a spacer, configured to raise the antenna away from the base portion, and thus away from a wearer to improve radiation properties of the antenna. The spacer may be sized and shaped to expand from a compressed state, as it may be when the patch is packaged, to an expanded state that raises the antenna when it is applied to a wearer. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and disclosed.
1. A wearable electronic patch for biological monitoring of a wearer, comprising: an antenna; a base portion; a distal portion spaced away from and opposed to the base portion, wherein the antenna is secured to the distal portion, wherein the base portion is configured to be closer to the wearer than the distal portion; an intermediate portion joining the base portion and the distal portion; and a spacer sized and shaped to expand from a compressed state for moving the antenna away from the base portion.
2. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, wherein when compressed the spacer maintains a space between the base portion and the antenna.
3. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, wherein the spacer is formed of a foam material configured to expand after the base portion is secured to the wearer.
4. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, wherein the spacer has a dielectric constant of approximately 1.0.
5. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, wherein the base portion, the distal portion and the intermediate portion form a continuous printed circuit board.
6. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, wherein a first end of the intermediate portion attached to the distal portion is folded over a second end of the intermediate portion attached to the base portion.
7. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive layer securing at least one of the base portion to the spacer and the spacer to the distal portion.
8. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, wherein the antenna is a circuit element printed onto the distal portion.
9. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising radio circuitry coupled to the antenna, wherein the radio circuitry is disposed between the base portion and the distal portion.
10. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising a sensor attached to at least one of the base portion and the distal portion, wherein the sensor is configured to measure one or more physical characteristics.
11. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising a body detection circuit configured to detect when the wearable electronic patch is worn by the wearer.
12. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising a battery at least partially disposed between the base portion and the distal portion.
13. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising a removable packaging covering at least one of the base portion and the distal portion, wherein removing of the packaging releases the spacer to expand from the compressed state.
14. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising a permanent packaging encasing at least the base portion, the distal portion and the intermediate portion, wherein the permanent packaging is configured to expand in response to expansion of the spacer.
15. The wearable electronic patch of claim 1, further comprising a sensor coupled to the base portion, wherein the spacer is positioned and configured to separate the sensor from the antenna.
16. A wearable electronic patch for biological monitoring of a wearer, comprising: means for resiliently biasing a distal portion of the wearable electronic patch to expand away from a base portion of the wearable electronic patch, wherein the distal portion is spaced away from and opposed to the base portion, wherein an antenna is secured to the distal portion, and the base portion is configured to be closer to the wearer than the distal portion; and means for using the antenna secured to the distal portion for one or more functions selected from a group consisting of transmitting and receiving radio signals.
17. The wearable electronic patch of claim 16, wherein when fully compressed the means for resiliently biasing maintains a space between the base portion and the antenna.
18. The wearable electronic patch of claim 16, wherein the means for resiliently biasing has a dielectric constant of approximately 1.0.
19. The wearable electronic patch of claim 16, further comprising means for securing at least one of the base portion to the means for resiliently biasing and the means for resiliently biasing to the distal portion.
20. The wearable electronic patch of claim 16, further comprising means for detecting when the wearable electronic patch is attached to the wearer based upon one or more detectable physical characteristics of the wearer.
21. The wearable electronic patch of claim 16, further comprising means for powering the wearable electronic patch at least partially disposed between the base portion and the distal portion.
22. The wearable electronic patch of claim 16, wherein the means for resiliently biasing the distal portion to expand away from the base portion comprises means for separating a sensor coupled to the base portion from other electronic components of the wearable electronic patch.
23. A method of making and using a wearable electronic patch for applying to a wearer, comprising: resiliently biasing a distal portion of a printed circuit board of the wearable electronic patch with a compressible spacer to expand away from a base portion of the printed circuit board; spacing the distal portion away from and opposed to the base portion, wherein the base portion is configured to be closer to the wearer than the distal portion; and using an antenna, secured to the distal portion, for at least one of transmitting and receiving radio signals.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein resiliently biasing the distal portion of the printed circuit board of the electronic patch with the compressible spacer to expand away from the base portion of the printed circuit board comprises releasing the compressible spacer to allow the compressible spacer to expand from a first state to a second state.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising compressing the compressible spacer during assembly of the wearable electronic patch, wherein a distance between the distal portion and the base portion is reduced when the compressible spacer is compressed.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising limiting compression of the wearable electronic patch using the compressible spacer maintaining a space between the base portion and the antenna when the compressible spacer is fully compressed.
27. The method of claim 23, further comprising activating a sensor attached to at least one of the base portion and the distal portion, wherein the sensor is configured to measure one or more detectable physical characteristics of the wearer.
28. The method of claim 23, further comprising activating a body detection circuit configured to detect when the wearable electronic patch is worn by the wearer.
29. The method of claim 23, further comprising removing a packaging covering at least one of the base portion and the distal portion, wherein removing of the packaging releases the compressible spacer to expand from a compressed state.
[0001] Wearable medical devices may provide biometric monitoring and reporting relating to a wearer. In the case of wearable medical devices that use wireless communications, such as wearable electronic patches, there are several challenges. For example, the compact nature of a patch, the close proximity of the patch against a wearer's body, the compression force applied to the patch when the patch is pressed against the wearer's body, and the limited number of acceptable biocompatible materials that may be used for the patch may all impact the performance of wireless communications.
[0002] In some aspects, a wearable electronic patch with an enhanced radio antenna may include an antenna, a base portion, a distal portion, an intermediate portion, and a spacer that is configured to expand in order to provide a gap between the antenna and the skin of a wearer. The spacer may be sized and shaped to expand from a compressed state when applied to the wearer. This may enable the electronic patch to be compact within packaging without compromising performance of the antenna.
[0003] In some aspects, when fully compressed the spacer may maintain a space between the base portion and the antenna. The spacer may be formed of a foam material configured to slowly expand after the base portion is secured to the wearer. The spacer may have a dielectric constant of approximately 1.0. The spacer may be used for patients, exercise, general body monitoring, or other applications.
[0004] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of embodiments of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the embodiments and not limitation thereof.
[0005] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wearable electronic patch in accordance with various embodiments.
[0006] FIG. 2A is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch in a compressed state worn by a wearer in accordance with various embodiments.
[0007] FIG. 2B is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch in an expanded state worn by a wearer in accordance with various embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 3 is an unfolded plan view of a wearable electronic patch in accordance with various embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the wearable electronic patch of FIG. 3 being folded in accordance with various embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch being folded in accordance with various embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch folded in accordance with various embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch in packaging in accordance with various embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 8 is a plan view of a wearable electronic patch being applied to a wearer as a medical sensor patch in accordance with various embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch worn by a wearer in accordance with various embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 10 is a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch in a fully compressed state in accordance with various embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 11 is a process flow diagram illustrating a method of improving antenna gain of a wearable electronic patch when applied to a wearer in accordance with various embodiments.
[0017] The various embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. References made to particular examples and implementations are for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure or the claims. Alternate embodiments may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.
[0018] Various embodiments include a wearable electronic patch with antenna enhancement. The wearable electronic patch may be a wirelessly connected topical patch worn for biological monitoring and/or reporting relating to a wearer. For example, the wearable electronic patch may be used for drug therapy and/or monitoring. The wearer may be any individual wanting and/or needing to measure biometric characteristics of interest. The antenna enhancements may improve antenna performance, reliability, and operating range of the wirelessly connected wearable electronic patch. A spacer sized and shaped to expand (i.e., resiliently biased) from a compressed state may be used to increase and/or maintain the distance of the antenna from the body of the wearer. When the wearable electronic patch, according to various embodiments, is placed on the wearer (e.g., affixed to the skin), pressure may compress the patch, including the spacer. Once the pressure is removed, the resilient spacer may expand, thereby increasing a distance of the antenna from the wearer.
[0019] The words "first" and "second," and similar terms are used herein for clarity purposes to distinguish various described elements and are not intended to limit the claims to a particular order or hierarchy of elements.
[0020] As used herein, the term "wearable electronic patch" refers to a device, in the form of a topical electronic patch, that may include sensors for sensing or measuring one or more detectable physical characteristics. A wearable electronic patch may be configured to a transmit signals indicative of a measurement or sensed state, condition, or quantity of the one or more detectable physical characteristics.
[0021] As used herein, the term "sensor" refers to a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, generates signals, or otherwise responds to the physical property. The signals generated by the sensor may be processed to measure the one or more detectable characteristics based on a correlation between the signal and the underlying quantity. Non-limiting examples of sensors that may be implemented in the wearable electronic patch include temperature sensors, pulse sensors, allergy sensors, electric field sensors (e.g., electroencephalograph sensors), moisture sensors, liquid flow sensors, level sensors, magnetic sensors, piezoelectric sensors, pressure sensors, optical sensors, chemical sensors (e.g., blood glucose sensors), skin contact/attachment detection sensors (e.g., a body detection circuit), and/or other bio-medical sensors. A body detection circuit may detect when the wearable electronic patch is worn by a wearer. In response to detecting the wearable electronic patch has been mounted on a wearer, other components may be activated. In this way, battery power may be conserved prior to use on a wearer.
[0022] As used herein, the term "wearer" refers to an entity having the wearable electronic patch on their body or a part of their body, such as applied directly to skin. The wearer may be any individual wanting and/or needing to measure biometric characteristics of interest. For example, a wearer may be a patient prescribed to wear the wearable electronic patch to administer medicine or measure biometric characteristics relative to a medical condition. As a further example, a wearer may be an athlete or fitness enthusiast wanting to measure biometric characteristics relevant to health and wellness. As yet a further example, the wearer may be an animal being tracked and/or monitored.
[0023] As used herein, the terms "antenna" or "antennae" refer to an electrical device, which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. Antenna may be used with radio circuitry, such as a radio transmitter and/or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals that may be applied to a receiver to be amplified. An antenna may include one or more metallic conductors, electrically connected to the receiver or transmitter.
[0024] As used herein, the term "radio circuitry" refers to one or more electronic devices used to transmit and/or receive radio signals between two devices using an antenna. Radio circuitry may include a system of circuit elements, including electrical conductors and components, in which all or some of the circuit elements are inseparably associated and electrically interconnected. In addition, the radio circuitry may be configured to operate with the antenna using one or more wireless technology standards, specifications, or protocols (e.g., Peanut®, Bluetooth®, Personal Area Network (PAN), Zigbee®, Wi-Fi, RF radio) for sending and receiving signals.
[0025] As used herein, the term "printed circuit board" refers to a structure that may mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive tracks, pads, and other features etched from conductive metal sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. The printed circuit board may be flexible, rigid, or some combination thereof, including one or more portions that are flexible and one or more other portions that are rigid.
[0026] As used herein, the term "resiliently biased" refers to an element that has a tendency to expand or spring back toward a natural structural configuration and/or dimension after being compressed, bent or otherwise deformed. In this way, a spacer may be sized and shaped accordingly to provide a resilient biasing of elements.
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a wearable electronic patch 100 in accordance with various embodiments. The wearable electronic patch 100 may include an antenna 110 coupled to associated radio circuitry for providing wireless communications from or to the wearable electronic patch 100. The antenna 110, which may be for example a dipole antenna, may be incorporated onto or into a distal portion 132 of a printed circuit board 130. The antenna 110 may be disposed at one end of the distal portion 132, as illustrated, or may be disposed in a more central region of the distal portion 132. In an embodiment, the antenna 110 may be configured so that a spacer 150 is disposed between the antenna 110 and a base portion 136. The spacer 150 may be sized and shaped to expand and maintain the antenna 110 spaced away from the base portion 136 of the printed circuit board 130. In addition, since the base portion 136 may be closer to the wearer of the wearable electronic patch 100 than the distal portion 132, the spacer 150 may also maintain the antenna 110 spaced away from the wearer.
[0028] The wearable electronic patch 100 may include additional circuitry and/or components, such as a sensor 160 for biological monitoring. The sensor 160 may measure one or more detectable physical characteristics of the wearer and/or a substance delivered by the wearable electronic patch 100 through the skin. A medicated transdermal delivery component may be part of the sensor 160 or a separate component for delivering a compound or other substance. In this way, the wearable electronic patch 100 may include a drug delivery component attached to the base portion for delivering a drug to the wearer. The sensor 160 may be attached to the base portion 136, or be incorporated therein, to contact or be in close proximity to the wearer's skin once worn by the wearer. In an embodiment, the sensor 160 may include a body detection circuit capable of detecting when the wearable electronic patch 100 is attached to the wearer. The body detection circuit may be used to only allow power from a battery 170 to be drawn in response to determining the wearable electronic patch 100 is attached to the wearer.
[0029] The wearable electronic patch 100 may include the battery 170 for powering one or more of the various components of the wearable electronic patch 100. For example, the battery 170 may supply power to the antenna 110 and/or the sensor 160. The battery 170 may be a button cell battery, shaped as a squat cylinder with a thin profile. In this way, the battery 170 may be at least partially disposed between the base portion and the distal portion. The battery 170 may be coupled to the printed circuit board 130 and/or directly connected to particular components. As shown in FIG. 2A, for example, one or more contacts 175 may be provided for engaging terminals of the battery 170. In an embodiment, the contacts 175 may be biased to maintain engagement with the battery 170, regardless of the distance between the distal portion 132 and the base portion 136. In addition, the battery 170 may be configured to be secured in the wearable electronic patch 100, as a replaceable component (i.e., removably secured), or permanently secured therein.
[0030] FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate side elevation views of the wearable electronic patch 100 worn by a wearer 10 in two stages of compression, in accordance with various embodiments. The wearable electronic patch 100 may be provided with a permanent packaging 180, which may be secured directly to a contact surface of the wearer 10, such as the wearer's skin or an intermediate material, by a removable adhesive 185 on one side of the wearable electronic patch 100.
[0031] The side elevation views of FIGS. 2A-2B also show the configuration of various elements of the wearable electronic patch 100. For example, three portions of the printed circuit board 130 are distinguished for reference purposes, namely the distal portion 132, an intermediate portion 134, and the base portion 136. The base portion 136 may be configured to be closest to the wearer 10. The intermediate portion 134 may join the distal portion 132 to the base portion 136.
[0032] FIG. 2A illustrates the wearable electronic patch 100 in a compressed state, such as when pressure is applied (e.g., the wearable electronic patch 100 is pressed against the wearer 10). The wearer 10 or another person may press the wearable electronic patch 100 onto the contact surface of the wearer 10 (e.g., bare skin) to allow the removable adhesive 185 to attach to the wearer 10. Pressure applied to the wearable electronic patch 100, may compress/deform the overall structure resulting in the structure being, at least temporarily, in a compressed state. Compression of the wearable electronic patch 100 may also compress the spacer 150.
[0033] FIG. 2B illustrates the wearable electronic patch 100 in an un-compressed state, such as when pressure is removed or less pressure is applied. For example, once firmly secured to the wearer 10, the application of pressure may be relieved from the wearable electronic patch 100 allowing expansion thereof. The spacer 150, which is sized and shaped to expand from a compressed state, may expand when the pressure is relieved, thereby moving the distal portion 132, including the antenna 110, away from the base portion 136.
[0034] The spacer may be sized and shaped to enable or provide a number of arrangements for the wearable electronic patch 100. For example, a z-height may define a distance between the distal portion 132 and the base portion 136. A compressed z-height z1 (e.g., FIG. 2A) may be smaller than a lesser-compressed z-height z2 (e.g., FIG. 2B). For example, the compressed z-height z1 may be less than 2 mm, while the lesser-compressed z-height z2 may be 2.0-2.5 mm or more. A z-height of approximately 2.0-2.5 mm may achieve suitable operation for the antenna 110 and a marked improvement from operations in the compressed state. In an embodiment, the spacer 150 through selection of materials and/or size may have a compression limit for maintaining a minimum space (i.e., a minimum z-height) between the base portion 136 and the distal portion 132, including the antenna 110. For example, compressed z-height z1 may be a minimum z-height. In an embodiment, internal components of the wearable electronic patch 100 may limit and define the minimum z-height. Such internal components may include radio circuitry 120, a processor 122, the sensor 160, the battery 170, and additional components.
[0035] The spacer 150 may be formed of a material configured to maintain a reliable and effective z-height. In this way, once pressure maintaining the spacer 150 compressed is released, the spacer 150 may slowly expand (i.e., gradually, rather than quickly or suddenly). In addition, the spacer 150 may be formed of appropriate biocompatible materials for application to the wearer 10. Since the spacer 150 is in close proximity to the antenna 110, a dielectric constant of the material(s) forming the spacer 150 may be selected to be approximately 1.0 or as close to 1.0 as possible in order to minimize interference. The spacer 150 may effectively be invisible to the antenna 110 if the spacer 150 has a dielectric constant of approximately 1.0. Otherwise, as a dipole antenna, an adjacent dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than 1.0 may make the ground plane operate as if it were closer to the radiating element, which may affect the performance of the antenna 110.
[0036] The base portion 136 of the wearable electronic patch 100 may have a lower surface 145 configured to face the wearer 10, such as toward a portion of the wearer's skin. The permanent packaging 180 may be interposed between the lower surface 145 and the wearer 10. In some embodiments, the removable adhesive 185 may be applied when placing the wearable electronic patch 100 on the wearer 10. In this way, the removable adhesive may be included outside the permanent packaging 180, also on the side facing the wearer 10. In some embodiments, the removable adhesive 185 may be an adhesive tape secured to the permanent packaging 180, with a peel away protection layer removed prior to installation. The removable adhesive 185 may firmly secure the wearable electronic patch 100 to the wearer 10, while still being easily removable later when desired.
[0037] An upper surface 147 of the base portion 136 may face a lower surface 141 of the distal portion 132. Also, the distal portion 132 may have an upper surface 143 opposed to the lower surface 141. A first end of the intermediate portion 134 may be attached to the distal portion 132 and a second end of the intermediate portion 134 may be attached to the base portion 136. In this way, the intermediate portion 134 may be folded over itself so that the distal portion 132 may extend parallel to, or substantially parallel to, the base portion 136. The distal portion 132, the intermediate portion 134, and the base portion 136 may form a continuous printed circuit board.
[0038] FIG. 3 illustrates an unfolded plan view of a wearable electronic patch 100 in accordance with various embodiments. Various components may be assembled onto and/or into the printed circuit board 130 in a planar state. Once assembled, the printed circuit board 130 may be folded, such as by using a web conversion process. For example, a first end 133 of the intermediate portion 134 attached to the distal portion 132 may be folded over a second end 135 of the intermediate portion 134 attached to the base portion 136.
[0039] The antenna 110 may be a circuit element printed onto the distal portion 132. The antenna 110 may be incorporated into and/or integrally formed with the printed circuit board 130. In some embodiments, the antenna 110 may be a circuit component printed directly onto a surface of the printed circuit board 130. The antenna 110 may be printed onto the lower surface (e.g., 141 in FIG. 2B) or the upper surface (e.g., 143 in FIG. 2B) of the distal portion 132. In some embodiments, the antenna 110 may be integrally formed as a laminate inner or outer layer of the printed circuit board 130. In some embodiments, the antenna 110 may be a dipole antenna. Various other components, such as radio circuitry 120, processor 122, the contact 175, and additional components may be mounted on the distal portion 132. The battery 170 may be used as part of or an extension of the antenna 110. In addition, the spacer 150 may isolate the electronics from the sensor 160, which may be a capacitive sensor for body detection circuitry.
[0040] In an embodiment, the whole of the printed circuit board 130 is formed of a single continuous material or laminate structure. In an embodiment, the distal portion 132 and/or the base portion 136 may be more or less flexible than the intermediate portion 134. The intermediate portion 134 may include conductive elements 137 extending along a longitudinal extent of the printed circuit board 130. The conductive elements 137 may couple components (e.g., 110, 120, 122, 175) on the distal portion 132 to other components (e.g., 150, 160, 170) on the base portion 136.
[0041] FIG. 4 illustrates a side elevation view of the wearable electronic patch 100 of FIG. 3 folded in accordance with various embodiments. As part of assembling the wearable electronic patch 100, the distal portion 132 may be folded over the base portion 136. The various components (e.g., the antenna 110, the radio circuitry 120, the processor 122, and the contact 175) may be firmly secured to the distal portion 132, such as through soldering, ensuring they remain in place when folding the printed circuit board 130. The sensor 160 may be built into or firmly secured to the base portion 136. In addition, a lower adhesive layer 156 may secure the spacer 150 to the base portion 136. Similarly, a conductive adhesive (not shown) may secure the battery 170 to the distal portion 132.
[0042] FIG. 5 illustrates a side elevation view of the wearable electronic patch 100 being assembled with the spacer 150 and optionally the sensor 160 initially affixed to the distal portion 132, in accordance with various embodiments. The sensor 160 may also benefit from being spaced away from the base portion 136, similar to the antenna 110 by being mounted on the distal portion. For example, by separating the sensor from other circuitry of the electronic patch (e.g., radio circuitry 120) the sensitivity or accuracy of the sensor may be improved by reducing an amount of electronic noise and/or heat generated from other circuits of the patch.
[0043] An upper adhesive layer 152 may secure the spacer 150 to the distal portion 132. As a further alternative, the spacer 150 need not be secured to either the distal portion 132 or the base portion 136 using an adhesive, but rather may be held in place by being sandwiched between the distal portion 132 and the base portion 136. A seat or guides (not shown) may secure the spacer 150 from moving out of place once the spacer 150 is sandwiched between the distal portion 132 and the base portion 136.
[0044] FIG. 6 illustrates a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch completely folded in accordance with various embodiments. In this way, once the printed circuit board 130 is folded, the various components, such as the antenna 110, the radio circuitry 120, the processor 122, the spacer 150, the sensor 160, the battery 170, and/or the contact 175 may be disposed between the base portion and the distal portion. In an embodiment, both the upper adhesive layer 152 and the lower adhesive layer 156 may secure the spacer within the wearable electronic patch 100. In addition, using both the upper adhesive layer 152 and the lower adhesive layer 156 may limit a distance the distal portion 132 may move away from the base portion 136. Alternatively, the spacer may be mechanically secured using mechanical fasteners or through structural elements of the spacer 150 that interlock with the distal portion 132 and/or the base portion 136. The sensor 160 may be secured to the base portion 136, when the sensor 160 is a body or drug detection component, like a capacitive touch or temperature sensor. The sensor 160 may benefit from being placed on the opposite side of the printed circuit board 130 from the other electronic elements, such as the antenna 110, the radio circuitry 120, and the processor 122. In this way, the spacer 150 may ensure that any interaction between the sensor 160 and the other electronic elements is minimized. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the radio circuitry 120, the processor 122, and additional components may be secured to and/or mounted on the base portion 136.
[0045] FIG. 7 illustrates a side elevation view of a wearable electronic patch 100 in the permanent packaging 180 in accordance with various embodiments. The wearable electronic patch 100 may be provided with temporary packaging layers 192, 196. The permanent packaging 180 may be a thin flexible substrate sized to encase all or most of the wearable electronic patch 100. By fully enveloping, and thereby encasing, the entire wearable electronic patch 100, the permanent packaging 180 may ensure water and/or other contaminants do not interact with or compromise the wearable electronic patch 100. Alternatively, the permanent packaging 180 may have a gap or other open region exposing a lower region of the wearable electronic patch 100. That lower region of the wearable electronic patch 100 not covered by the permanent packaging 180 may include the removable adhesive 185. In this way, the removable adhesive 185 may affix the base portion 136 to the wearer, while the permanent packaging 180 may cover at least one of the distal portion 132, the intermediate portion 134, and the base portion 136. In addition, the permanent packaging 180 may loosely envelop the wearable electronic patch 100, allowing expansion thereof. The permanent packaging 180 may be flexible enough to compress and expand along with the elements of the wearable electronic patch 100.
[0046] The wearable electronic patch 100 may also be provided with temporary packaging layers 192, 196. The temporary packaging layers 192, 196 may seal and protect the wearable electronic patch 100 until it is ready for use. An upper temporary packaging layer 192 may include a mild adhesive so it may mildly stick to an outer portion of the permanent packaging 180. In this way, the upper temporary packaging layer 192 may be peeled away when applying the wearable electronic patch 100 to the wearer. In addition, a lower temporary packaging layer 196 may include a waxy film preventing it from sticking to the removable adhesive 185.
[0047] Peripheral edges of the temporary packaging layers 192, 196 may be attached together in such a way that they may be easily separated by peeling them apart. In addition, an adhesion strength holding together the peripheral edges may be strong enough to hold the wearable electronic patch 100 in a compressed state, such as for shipping, which is reflected by a compressed z-height z1 (i.e., a compressed state).
[0048] FIG. 8 illustrates a plan view of the wearable electronic patch 100 being applied to a wearer 10, as a medical sensor patch by another individual 15, in accordance with various embodiments. The wearer may be prepared for receiving wearable electronic patch 100. Preparation may include pulling away and/or removing clothes, cleaning the skin, and generally clearing the area where the wearable electronic patch 100 will be applied. The lower temporary packaging layer 196 may be removed, exposing the removable adhesive 185. The wearable electronic patch 100 may be pressed against the wearer's skin, with the removable adhesive 185 disposed between the wearable electronic patch 100 and the wearer 10. The removable adhesive 185 on the underside of the medical device may hold the medical device in place. Pressing the wearable electronic patch 100 against the wearer's skin may allow the removable adhesive 185 to set and adhere to the wearer 10. With the wearable electronic patch 100 affixed to the wearer 10; the upper temporary packaging layer 192 may be peeled away as illustrated.
[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates a side elevation view of the wearable electronic patch 100, with permanent packaging 180, worn by the wearer 10, in accordance with various embodiments. With the temporary packaging layers 192, 196 removed, the spacer 150 is released and allowed to expand from a first state (e.g., the compressed state, see FIG. 7) to a second state (i.e., a lesser-compressed state), which is reflected by the lesser-compressed z-height z2. The lesser-compressed state may be a fully uncompressed state or less than fully uncompressed state. The permanent packaging 180 may envelop the wearable electronic patch 100 less loosely once the temporary packaging layers 192, 196 are removed.
[0050] FIG. 10 illustrates a side elevation view of the wearable electronic patch 100 in a fully compressed state in accordance with various embodiments. In an embodiment, the wearable electronic patch 100 need not initially include some of the bulkier components, such as the battery 170. Without such bulky components, the wearable electronic patch 100 may be further compressed to a fully compressed state. In the fully compressed state, the z-height z3 is small. Temporary packaging, similar to that shown in FIG. 7 (e.g., 192, 196), may maintain the fully compressed state, which would have a smaller profile for the overall packaged device.
[0051] FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment method 1100 of making a wearable electronic patch for applying to a wearer, in accordance with various embodiments. The method 1100 may be performed using a wearable electronic patch similar to those described at least with reference to FIG. 1-10 (i.e., 100). In block 1110, a compressible spacer (e.g., 150) may be positioned between the distal portion and the base portion of a PCB of the wearable electronic patch. The distal portion may be spaced away from and opposed to the base portion that is configured to be closer to the wearer of the wearable electronic patch. Compressing the compressible spacer may resiliently bias the distal portion to expand away from the base portion. The compressible spacer may be compressed, such as during assembly of the wearable electronic patch. For example, the compressible spacer may be compressed as one of the final assembly steps to prepare the wearable electronic patch for packaging, or while placing the wearable electronic patch within when packaging. Compressing the compressible spacer may reduce the separation distance between the distal portion (e.g., 132) and the base portion (e.g., 136) of the printed circuit board (e.g., 130), and thus the overall thickness of the wearable electronic patch. Enabling the wearable electronic patch to be compressed to a thinner profile may enable the patch to be packaged and stored within less volume.
[0052] As described above, the amount to which the spacer may be compressed may be limited by in block 1120, such as based on a compression limit of the material forming the compressible spacer, or by a stop mechanism, such as a rigid structure configured to maintain space between the base portion and the antenna when the compressible spacer is not fully compressed.
[0053] In block 1130, the wearable electronic patch may be applied to a wearer (e.g., a patient) and as part of such application the compressible spacer (e.g., 150) may be released to allow the compressible spacer to expand from a compressed state (e.g., FIG. 7) to a lesser-compressed state (e.g., FIG. 9). Release of the compressible spacer may occur from the removal of packaging (e.g., 180), release of strap, or removal of a clip or clamp structure that maintains the compressible spacer in the compressed state.
[0054] In block 1140, releasing the compressible spacer (e.g., 150) so that it can expand may cause the distal portion (e.g., 132) of a printed circuit board (PCB, e.g., 130) of the wearable electronic patch (e.g., 100) to be resiliently biased away from a base portion (e.g., 136) of the printed circuit board (e.g., 130). This positions the antenna positioned on the distal portion so that it is spaced away from the body of the wearer in contact with the base portion of the wearable electronic patch. This separation between the antenna and the wearer's body may improve the antenna gain, and thus facilitate wireless communication links between the wearable electronic patch and another wireless communication device.
[0055] Optionally in block 1150, a sensor (e.g., 160) attached to at least one of the base portion (e.g., 136) and the distal portion (e.g., 132) of a printed circuit board (e.g., 130) may be activated. The sensor may be configured to measure one or more detectable physical characteristics of the wearer of the wearable electronic patch (e.g., 100).
[0056] Additionally or alternatively, a body detection circuit attached to the printed circuit board (e.g., 130) may be activated in block 1160. The body detection circuit may be a capacitive or thermal sensor configured to detect when the wearer is wearing the wearable electronic patch (e.g., 100).
[0057] In block 1170, the wearable electronic patch may transmit or receive radio signals via the antenna (e.g., 110) secured to the distal portion (e.g., 132).
[0058] Any reference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using the articles "a," "an" or "the" is not to be construed as limiting the element to the singular.
[0059] One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that many possible modifications and combinations of the aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be used, while still employing the same basic underlying mechanisms and methodologies. The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, has been written with references to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described to explain the principles of the disclosure and their practical applications, and to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as suited to the particular use contemplated. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments and individual aspects of the disclosed technologies shown and described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
2015-12-03 Wearable electronic device
2016-02-18 Measurement electrode arrangement
2016-05-26 Biological information measuring apparatus
2016-05-19 Small data aggregator for personal health management
2016-05-19 Method for monitoring a physiological characteristic of human body based on wban
2016-05-12 Medical device
2016-05-12 Early confirmation of a prolonged aperiodic measurement
2016-05-26 Method of establishing physical and electrical connections between a battery and a circuit
2016-05-26 Circuitry to allow low current operation of a device capable of determining a blood property
2016-03-24 Inhaler with orientation sensor
Top Inventors for class "Surgery"
1 Roderick A. Hyde
2 Lowell L. Wood, Jr.
3 Eric C. Leuthardt
4 Adam Heller
5 Phillip John Plante


Leone d'Almerita Terre Siciliane IGT - Tasca d'Almerita- Saporidoc UK.
Leone d'Almerita from the famous Sicilian producer Tasca d'Almerita. A fine wine made from a selection of typical Sicilian and Italian grapes grown at high altitudes on Sicily. A bright straw yellow wine with a concentrated and complex aroma cultivated at the Regaleali Estate.
Maturation 4 months in stainless steel tanks on the yeast.
Bouquet Expresses a wide and varied olfactory spectrum: grapefruit, white peach, green apple, pineapple and citrus fruit in general.
Taste Fresh, pleasantly soft, rich, intense and fragrant. It closes with a pleasant sensation of sweet and ripe fruit.
Pairs with Steamed fish appetizers, aperitif, cold cuts and salami, spaghetti with clams, mussels, shellfish, white meats, fresh cheeses, pasta with fish. Serve at 8-10 C.
The vines for the Leone d'Almerita white wine grow in various Tasca d'Almerita vineyards at the Regaleali Estate south of Palermo in central Sicily at altitudes between 500 m and 900 m. An area where exposure, altitude, atmospheric temperature range and ventilation all come together to determine the precious interplay between plant and soil which give wines with freshness, complexity and elegance.
The grapes were manually harvested, carefully sorted, destemmed and pressed followed by fermentation for 15 days. After fermentation the wine was matured in steel vats for 4 months in the lees. The wine is mainly made with the Catarratto variety, blended with Pinot Bianco, Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer grapes for structure, aroma and acidity.


Ready to grow? Try big data, cloud and mobile strategies | Innovative Integration, Inc. Ready to grow? Try big data, cloud and mobile strategies | Innovative Integration, Inc.
If you had any doubts about how big data, the cloud and mobile strategies could impact your company's bottom line, a survey released by Dell could provide the insights to push you in a new direction. On all levels, companies that leveraged all three experienced up to 53 percent more growth than companies that didn't adopt the technologies.
Dell's second annual Global Technology Adoption Index compiled feedback from nearly 3,000 IT and business officials at mid-market companies (with 100 to 4,999 employees) in 11 countries.
Companies that incorporated big data alone had the potential to grow 50 percent more than those that didn't.
Companies that developed effective Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) strategies could grow by 53 percent in comparison to companies without such strategies.
Companies using cloud technology cited numerous benefits, including cost savings (42 percent); getting things done faster (40 percent) and better allocation of IT resources (38 percent).
Although there's a strong tie to revenue growth and the use of these technologies, companies still had reasons for concern before jumping in. As cited in the survey, the costs of making the switch as well as concerns about security were the top reasons companies were resistant to making change.
Another survey by Netwrix revealed that 65 percent of 611 IT professionals pointed to security concerns and lack of visibility as the reasons they have yet to adopt cloud technology.
As you decide whether to integrate cloud technology, consider these measures planned by companies who are making the move: improve identity and authentication management (56 percent); encryption (51 percent) auditing of changes and user activity (45 percent of medium-size and large enterprises).
Whether or not you opt to incorporate big data, mobile strategies or cloud technology during 2016, developments in the industry — including increased attention to cloud security — could pave the way to your company eventually boosting revenue through these new avenues.


The researchers now want to focus on the diet's ability to maintain weight loss in a new study, according to Lieselotte Cloetens, who points out that the problem with most diets is maintaining the results.
The study was published in the Journal of Internal Medicine. The Department of Biomedical Nutrition and the Diabetes Centre at Lund University both participated in SYSDIET, a project financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers research unit Nordforsk.


text:
Published: 24th July 2018
Historic Campaign Launched To Bring Titanic Artefacts Home
National Geographic Pledges $500,000 Toward Effort Supported by James Cameron and Dr. Robert Ballard, Discoverer of the Titanic Wreck
Belfast, Northern Ireland… The Titanic champions pledged their support at the event which formally launched a $20m campaign by Royal Museums Greenwich, National Museums Northern Ireland, Titanic Belfast and Titanic Foundation Limited for the 5,500 artefacts, which were recovered from the seabed by salvors, over the course of seven deep sea expeditions between 1987 and 2004.
The National Geographic Society and National Geographic Explorers-at-Large, Dr. Robert Ballard, the famed oceanographer who discovered the RMS Titanic wreck, and James Cameron, film-maker and deep sea explorer, are backing an innovative collaboration between the four organisations to purchase the entirety of the Titanic Artefacts Collection and bring them home to the UK and Ireland.
At Titanic Belfast, on the exact location where RMS Titanic was designed, built and launched, National Geographic Society Interim President and CEO Michael L. Ulica announced the Society's support via a pledge of $500,000 toward the funds required to complete the bid.
The unique collaboration aims to protect, preserve and unite all the artefacts, which are currently at risk of being split up and sold. The current owners of the collection have filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States.
If successful, the bid will secure the entirety of the Titanic Artefacts Collection in public ownership in perpetuity. Additionally, the organisations seek to obtain the responsibility of salvor in possession and assign this to the National Maritime Museum and National Museum Northern Ireland to ensure the protection of the RMS Titanic wreck site.
In a video statement, James Cameron, director of the Academy Award-winning 1997 movie Titanic and National Geographic Explorer-at-Large, said, "The story of the Titanic has captivated the imaginations, hearts and minds of people around the world. It's played an important role in my own life – as a film-maker, a deep sea explorer and as an advocate of deep-ocean research.
"Along with National Geographic, Titanic Belfast, Titanic Foundation, Royal Museums Greenwich, National Museums Northern Ireland and my friend, Dr. Robert Ballard, I'm proud to support the campaign to bring the Titanic Artefacts Collection home.
"The sinking of the Titanic was a heart-breaking moment in history. Securing the irreplaceable collection of artefacts—protecting and preserving them for future generations by placing them in the public trust—is a unique and important opportunity to honour the 1,503 passengers and crew who died."
Dr. Robert Ballard, the former US Naval Commander and National Geographic Explorer-at-Large who discovered the wreck site, said, "I'm lending my voice to this campaign as it is the right thing to do. This bid is the only viable option to retain the integrity of the Titanic collection. The collection deserves to be returned home to where its journey began."
The campaign also has the support of the National Geographic Society, which has built a legacy of ground breaking research, exploration, education and storytelling dedicated to the Titanic disaster.
National Geographic Society's Interim President and CEO Michael L. Ulica said: "The Titanic disaster was an unprecedented tragedy that captivated the world and still resonates with many people today. The repatriation of the shipwreck's artefacts presents an historic opportunity to honour the Titanic's lasting legacy and the memories of all who perished."
He added: "The National Geographic Society is proud to pledge $500,000 toward the campaign to acquire the Titanic Artefacts Collection. As the first private donor to contribute to this effort, National Geographic is excited to be part of this latest chapter of the Titanic's history and to support the initiative to bring these artefacts home."
Kevin Fewster, Director of National Maritime Museum, which will be joint custodian of the collection, said: "In early 2017, when I heard the news of the current owner's bankruptcy, I felt it was our duty to try to save the collection as a whole. As Britain's National Maritime Museum, with the largest maritime collection, we are by virtue of our facilities, including the Prince Philip Maritime Collection Centre, and our internationally recognised expertise, in a position to exhibit, conserve, curate, manage and generally care for the collection when artefacts are not on display here or in Belfast. Alongside our partners, we will ensure that the collection is protected and preserved for generations to come."
Conal Harvey, Deputy Chairman of Titanic Belfast, which was voted the World's Leading Tourist Attraction in 2016, the principle venue for the public display of artefacts, said: "Titanic Belfast, which is located on the exact spot where the RMS Titanic was designed, built and launched, has established itself worldwide as the home of Titanic. These artefacts, which are of great historical significance, are at risk of being spilt up, sold to private collectors and lost as an identifiable collection. Therefore, we are campaigning to bring these artefacts home, where they will protected and preserved, through public ownership and on display for the world to enjoy."
Kathryn Thomson, CEO of National Museums Northern Ireland, the co-custodian of the collection said: "Titanic is a huge part of Northern Ireland's history and is renowned worldwide, therefore, as custodians of our national collection we are working to ensure this collection's permanent care and preservation for the public benefit. If our bid fails, history, and this part of Northern Ireland's history, might go on the auction block and disappear from the public domain."
Kerrie Sweeney, CEO of Titanic Foundation Limited said: "Titanic Foundation Limited have worked very hard to establish Belfast as home of the RMS Titanic, we are committed to celebrating the city's maritime heritage and the people who built RMS Titanic and over a thousand other ships on Queen's Island whilst commemorating those who lost their lives during the tragic sinking. For us, returning the artefacts home is not only a symbolic gesture but a method of safeguarding the future of the artefacts. It will also bolster the local economy, significantly enhance our iconic heritage waterfront and support Belfast and Northern Ireland to achieve its full tourism potential."
For more information or to register your support for the Titanic Artefacts Collection – Bring Them Home campaign, visit www.titanicartefactscollection.com.
Carpathia Exhibition Launches at SS Nomadic
Titanic Foundation Welcome Three New Board Members
Call Out for Titanic Stories
Wanted: Titanic Belfast Seeks Junior Explorers during its Maritime May celebrations!
Record Year for Titanic Belfast
£6 tickets for Titanic Belfast 6th Birthday this weekend
The Great Light and Titanic Walkway Offically Open to Public
Celebrating our Tenth Year with Exciting Plan for Titanic Quarter
34 Local Community Groups Enjoy Titanic Belfast on Citizens' Day

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Magnus I "den fromme", tyska Magnus "der Fromme", född omkring 1304 (se kommentar nedan), död mellan 15 juni och 15 augusti 1369, begravd i St Michaelis i Lüneburg. Han var hertig till Braunschweig-Lüneburg samt furste av Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1345-1369. Han var son till hertig Albrecht den fete av Braunschweig-Göttingen (död 1318) och Rikissa av Werle (levde 1312).

Biografi
Magnus efterträdde sin far 1318, jämte sina två bröder Otto och Ernst, som medregent av Braunschweig i Braunschweig och Göttingen. Vid äldste brodern Ottos död 1344 delade Magnus och yngre brodern Ernst, efter en kort samregering, upp territorierna mellan sig under ett möte i Münden 17 april 1345. Magnus erhöll delen Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel som furstendöme, Ernst fick som furstendöme landet Oberwald med staden Göttingen. För landet Braunschweig innebar denna delning att man för första gången i historien styrdes av en egen hertig.

Hertig Magnus regering kännetecknades av talrika fejder. 1367 förde han en fejd mot biskop Gerhard av Hildesheim (död 1398) varunder Magnus tillfångatogs. Hertigen löstes visserligen ut, men hans kassakista var nu nästan tom. Fejderna hade kostat. För att skaffa sig medel att föra dem minskade han sina generösa donationer till olika kloster, samt sålde till staden Braunschweig jurisdiktion och mynträttigheter. Samtidigt gav han staden tullfrihet mot att den svor honom lydnad. Städernas ökande oberoende av sina respektive furstar präglade hela riket vid denna tid.

Magnus efterträddes vid sin död 1369 av sonen med samma namn.

Äktenskap och barn
Magnus "den fromme" gifte sig omkring 1327 med Sophia av Brandenburg-Landsberg (död 1356). Paret fick följande barn:

 Matilda (levde 1354), gift med furst Bernhard III av Anhalt-Bernburg (död 1348)
 Magnus II av Braunschweig-Lüneburg (stupade 1373), hertig av Braunschweig-Lüneburg
 Albrekt (död 1395), ärkebiskop av Bremen 1363-1395
 Henrik (levde 1382), domprost i Halberstadt
 Ludvig (död 1367), hertig och medregent i Braunschweig och Lüneburg 1355
 Ernst (levde 1385), hertig i Blankenau 1373
 Sofia (död 1394), gift med greve Dietrich av Honstein (död 1379)
 Agnes, gift med greve Henrik av Honstein (död 1408)

Därtill skall Magnus "den fromme" ha haft en son Otto vilken stupade i strid 1339. Om Otto var i vapenför ålder kan han dock inte ha fötts långt efter 1319 - kanske var Otto inte son till Magnus.

Med sin konkubin Gesa von Vechelde hade Magnus fyra illegitima söner.

Kommentar
I Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (se litteraturförteckningen nedan) förmodas Magnus "den fromme" ha fötts först efter 1307. Han och brodern Ernst var i vart fall omyndiga vid faderns död 1318 och båda stod under äldre brodern Ottos förmyndarskap.

Referenser
 Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Gerhard Schildt (Hrsg.): Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000,
 Horst-Rüdiger Jarck (Hrsg.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon. 8. bis 18. Jahrhundert, S. 472, Braunschweig 2006
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Band 20, s. 62-64

Noter

Externa länkar

Personer i Tyskland under 1300-talet
Hertigar av Braunschweig
Huset Welf
Födda 1304
Avlidna 1369
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: \frontmatter causes bad text formatting When I insert \frontmatter into my LaTeX document, it causes all of the text to be centered and in the wrong font.  I'm using a template called Legrand Orange Book http://www.latextemplates.com/template/the-legrand-orange-book with Scrivener and TeXShop.
I'm able to get the template to compile (albeit with some errors) as long as I leave out \frontmatter
The template compiles with no problems.

Partial code showing where I placed \frontmatter
\documentclass[11pt,fleqn]{book} % Default font size and left-justified equations

\usepackage[top=3cm,bottom=3cm,left=3.2cm,right=3.2cm,headsep=10pt,a4paper]{geometry} % Page margins

\usepackage{xcolor} % Required for specifying colors by name
\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{243,102,25} % Define the orange color used for highlighting throughout the book

% Font Settings
\usepackage{avant} % Use the Avantgarde font for headings
%\usepackage{times} % Use the Times font for headings
\usepackage{mathptmx} % Use the Adobe Times Roman as the default text font together with math symbols from the Symbol, Chancery and Computer Modern fonts

\usepackage{microtype} % Slightly tweak font spacing for aesthetics
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Required for including letters with accents
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Use 8-bit encoding that has 256 glyphs

% Bibliography
\usepackage[style=alphabetic,sorting=nyt,sortcites=true,autopunct=true,babel=hyphen,hyperref=true,abbreviate=false,backref=true,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{bibliography.bib} % BibTeX bibliography file
\defbibheading{bibempty}{}

% Index
\usepackage{calc} % For simpler calculation - used for spacing the index letter headings correctly
\usepackage{makeidx} % Required to make an index
\makeindex % Tells LaTeX to create the files required for indexing

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\input{structure} % Insert the commands.tex file which contains the majority of the structure behind the template

\begin{document}
\frontmatter

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   TITLE PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begingroup
\thispagestyle{empty}
\AddToShipoutPicture*{\put(6,5){\includegraphics[scale=1]{background}}} % Image background
\centering
\vspace*{9cm}
\par\normalfont\fontsize{35}{35}\sffamily\selectfont
Commodore 64 Programming and Recollections\par % Book title
\vspace*{1cm}
{\Huge Kevin P. Kilburn}\par % Author name
\endgroup

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   COPYRIGHT PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\newpage
~\vfill
\thispagestyle{empty}

\noindent Copyright \copyright\ 2013 Kevin P. Kilburn\\ % Copyright notice

\noindent \textsc{Published by Cold Stream Books}\\ % Publisher

\noindent \textsc{lorum ipsum}\\ % URL

\noindent Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License (the ``License''). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0}. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \textsc{``AS IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND}, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.\\ % License information

\noindent \textit{First printing, March 2013} % Printing/edition date

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   TABLE OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\chapterimage{chapter_head_1.pdf} % Table of contents heading image

\pagestyle{empty} % No headers

\tableofcontents % Print the table of contents itself

\cleardoublepage % Forces the first chapter to start on an odd page so it's on the right

\pagestyle{fancy} % Print headers again

\chapter{Preface}
\label{preface}

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque tortor orci, ultricies ac adipiscing ac, mollis at dui. Vivamus placerat varius sapien. Integer malesuada porttitor nisi et lacinia. Pellentesque volutpat ornare nisi, vitae egestas odio suscipit non. In velit dui, pellentesque sed rhoncus vitae, bibendum et enim. Phasellus nulla sem, pharetra eu blandit sit amet, fringilla vulputate ante. Nullam porttitor convallis justo et ultricies. Sed diam dui, sodales id laoreet non, molestie non felis. Morbi mollis tortor ac lectus dapibus accumsan.

Praesent elit lectus, rutrum eget tempor eget, ullamcorper sed lectus. Nunc nibh orci, varius eu laoreet vitae, bibendum ac purus. Phasellus varius ultrices mi eget auctor. Proin justo sem, tempor sit amet malesuada quis, cursus feugiat magna. Phasellus diam leo, auctor pharetra eleifend vitae, tristique et mauris. Cras molestie iaculis dolor, et rhoncus mauris accumsan id. Quisque et est in nisi interdum tincidunt eu eget nulla. Vivamus posuere ligula in risus auctor nec feugiat magna posuere. Donec adipiscing, lorem non dictum aliquam, massa arcu pretium lorem, vel volutpat orci dolor quis urna. Phasellus vestibulum nunc non ante semper ullamcorper. Integer rutrum leo non neque euismod tincidunt. Donec ut eros non turpis feugiat dapibus a vitae velit.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque tortor orci, ultricies ac adipiscing ac, mollis at dui. Vivamus placerat varius sapien. Integer malesuada porttitor nisi et lacinia. Pellentesque volutpat ornare nisi, vitae egestas odio suscipit non. In velit dui, pellentesque sed rhoncus vitae, bibendum et enim. Phasellus nulla sem, pharetra eu blandit sit amet, fringilla vulputate ante. Nullam porttitor convallis justo et ultricies. Sed diam dui, sodales id laoreet non, molestie non felis. Morbi mollis tortor ac lectus dapibus accumsan.

A: I don't think this template is done for using a \frontmatter.
To solve the problem, try to modify the file structure.tex that comes with the template in this way.
Substitute the following lines (they appear twice, substitute both)
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\startcontents

with
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\startcontents

and the following (they, too, appear twice)
\end{tikzpicture}}\par\vspace*{230\p@}
\fi
\fi
}

with
\end{tikzpicture}}\par\vspace*{230\p@}
\fi
}

Obviously remember to put \mainmatter somewhere in your main file when you want to begin with numbered chapters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Taking an idea or a thing and bending and stretching it in interesting ways is elaborative ability. Management is full of tools and techniques. Each of these is an elaboration of an insight. The idea that if management gets vital information about the performance and operations of the organization, then remedial action can be faster has led to computerized management information systems, which can be highly elaborate, with periodic reports running into dozens of pages. The idea that money is a motivator of effort has led to all sorts of elaborative incentive systems. The idea that in a market economy the customer is the king has led to all sorts of market research models to find out what the customer wants and what he or she is willing to pay for it.
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Off-the-job training covers a number of techniques—classroom lectures, films, demonstrations, case studies and other simulation exercises, and programmed instruction. The facilities needed for each technique vary from a small, makeshift classroom to an elaborate development center with large lecture halls, supplemented by small conference rooms with sophisticated instructional technological equipment.


Find & Buy How To Use A Corkscrew To Open A Wine Bottle at LionsHome UK. Top-Brands Low Prices Latest Trends.... There are a few things to consider while deciding to purchase your next corkscrew. First, notice the shape of the middle for comfortable grip, but also consider the advantages of using thin or a heavy build. All openers make a statement, so pick one that looks good to you - in coloring, body, and function.
Find & Buy How To Use A Corkscrew To Open A Wine Bottle at LionsHome UK. Top-Brands Low Prices Latest Trends.... When a man can make you a lamp using your favourite wine bottle – marry him! That's exactly what I am doing (in about 6 weeks in fact!). When I was researching for my 21 uses for empty wine bottles post I came across various wine bottle lighting suggestions.
This cheap corkscrew elegantly blends the features of a wine corkscrew, bottle opener and foil cutter all together in a stylish. 2. Durable stainless steel body.... There are a few things to consider while deciding to purchase your next corkscrew. First, notice the shape of the middle for comfortable grip, but also consider the advantages of using thin or a heavy build. All openers make a statement, so pick one that looks good to you - in coloring, body, and function.
Arrr! This pirate corkscrew ($11) is perfect for a matey who is obsessed with wine.... We offer an unparalleled assortment of Openers, Kitchen Tools, Kitchen, Dining & Bar, Home & Garden, and more, all at unbeatable prices.Read all about 58 corkscrew customer experience at corkscrew bottle opener wedding favor shops, all of whom offer cheap , corkscrew for you.
3/08/2013 · >> You can do what the French do when they don't have a corkscrew - use a shoe. << I'll keep that in mind, but I'd hate to be walking under that little balcony if the guy made a mistake. Happy Bar Mitzvah, just the same.
Arrr! This pirate corkscrew ($11) is perfect for a matey who is obsessed with wine.
When a man can make you a lamp using your favourite wine bottle – marry him! That's exactly what I am doing (in about 6 weeks in fact!). When I was researching for my 21 uses for empty wine bottles post I came across various wine bottle lighting suggestions.
This cheap corkscrew elegantly blends the features of a wine corkscrew, bottle opener and foil cutter all together in a stylish. 2. Durable stainless steel body.


We are so thankful to be on the TulsaPeople Magazine 2018 A-List for 624 Catering and our Steaks at Prhyme. Thanks to everyone who voted, check out the link above to view all of the amazing local restaurants who made the list. We love doing what we do in this city, thank you Tulsa!


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John Pappajohn
Mr. Pappajohn is a member of our board of directors and is a pioneer in the venture capital industry. In 1969, Mr. Pappajohn founded Equity Dynamics, Inc., a financial consulting entity, and Pappajohn Capital Resources, a venture capital firm, both in Des Moines, Iowa. Mr. Pappajohn has been involved in over 100 start-up companies and has served as a director of over 40 public companies, many in the bioscience and health-related industries. He currently serves on the boards of the following public companies: American CareSource Holdings, Inc., since 2004, ConMed Healthcare Management, Inc. since 2005, and CNS Response, since 2009. Previously, Mr. Pappajohn served on the boards of PharmAthene, Inc., from 2007 until July 2011, Careguide, Inc., from 1995 until 2010, and SpectraScience, Inc., from 2007 until 2009. Mr. Pappajohn has a BSC degree in business from the University of Iowa.
Edmund Cannon
Edmund Cannon is a member of our board of directors and is founder and President of the Clinical Research Center of Cape Cod, which specializes in finding institutional review board approved, consented specimens for the diagnostics and pharmaceutical industries, and in setting up studies to support FDA submissions for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Previously, Mr. Cannon was a marketing and operations consultant for Franey Medical Labs. Mr. Cannon also formerly had the most national sales for Pharmacia Diagnostics Inc., and was a vice president and co-founder of Alletess, Inc. Mr. Canon has a degree from Boston State College and attended a Master's program at Providence College.
Raju S.K. Chaganti, Ph.D.
Dr. Chaganti is an internationally recognized leader in cancer cytogenetics and molecular genetics. He is a co-discoverer of patents for the cloning of two genes rearranged in lymphoma translocations, BCL6 and BCL8, and an additional two patents for the detection of translocations for the FISH classification of kidney cancers. Dr. Chaganti currently is the incumbent of the William E. Snee Chair at the Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, where he is on the faculty of the Department of Medicine and Cell Biology Program. He is a professor and the Gernster Sloan- Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York. He was the chief of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's cytogenetics service, which he established in 1976 as one of the earliest genetically based cancer diagnostic services in the country.
Dr. Chaganti received a Ph.D. in biology (genetics) from Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and completed his post-doctoral training at the Medical Research Council of Great Britain. Additionally, he completed a sabbatical in the Department of Tumor Biology at Karolinska Institute Stockholm, focusing on experimental murine and tumorgenesis as well as immunology. Dr. Chaganti is American Board of Medical Genetics certified in medical genetics, with a subspeciality in clinical cytogenetics.
Geoffrey Harris
Geoffrey Harris is a portfolio manager and managing partner at c7 Advisors healthcare advisory firm. Prior to his position with c7 Advisors, Mr. Harris served as Managing Director and co-head of the Cantor Fitzgerald Healthcare Investment Group from 2011 to 2014, and as a Healthcare Investment Banker with Gleacher & Company from 2009 to 2011. He has over thirty years combined experience as a healthcare analyst and portfolio manager for biotechnology and life sciences companies. Mr. Harris graduated from MIT's Sloan School of Management with an MS in Finance Management. Mr. Harris serves as a Director for Amperic, Inc., PointRight, and American Care Source.
Howard McLeod
Dr. McLeod is the Medical Director of the DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute at the Moffitt Cancer Center and a Senior Member of the Moffitt Cancer Center's Division of Population Sciences. He joined Moffitt Cancer Center in September 2013, after having served as Founding Director of the University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy since 2006. Dr. McLeod also held the prestigious title of Fred Eshelman Distinguished Professor at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy from 2006 to 2013. Dr. McLeod has published over 475 peer-reviewed papers on pharmacogenomics, applied therapeutics and clinical pharmacology.
Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D.
Franklyn G. Prendergast, M.D., Ph.D., is a member of our board of directors and prior to his retirement was the Edmond and Marion Guggenheim Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Professor of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at Mayo Medical School and the director of the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine. From 1994 to 2006, he served as a director of Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. He has held several other teaching positions at the Mayo Medical School since 1975. Dr. Prendergast has served for the National Institute of Health on numerous study section review groups; as a charter member of the Board of Advisors for the Division of Research Grants, now the Center for Scientific Review; the National Advisory General Medical Sciences Council; and the Board of Scientific Advisors of the National Cancer Institute. He held a Presidential Commission for service on the National Cancer Advisory Board. Dr. Prendergast also has served in numerous other advisory roles for the National Institute of Health and the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, and he is a member of the board of directors of the Translational Genomics Research Institute and the Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI). Dr. Prendergast has served on the board of directors of Eli Lilly & Co. since 1995 and is a member of the board's science and technology and public policy and compliance committees. He also currently serves on the board of directors for DemeRx, Inc., a private, biotechnology drug development company, and Ativa Medical Corporation, a private, diagnostic technology company. Dr. Prendergast obtained his medical degree with honors from the University of West Indies and attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar, earning an M.A. degree in physiology. He obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota.
Michael Welsh
Dr. Welsh joined of our board of directors in April of 2014. Dr. Welsh is an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, where he has held the position since 1989. He is also the Roy J. Carver Biomedical Research Chair in Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, professor of neurosurgery, director of the University of Iowa Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and director of the University of Iowa Institute for Biomedical Discovery at the Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine of the University of Iowa. Dr. Welsh has been a professor at the University of Iowa since 1987. Dr. Welsh received his M.D. from the University of Iowa College of Medicine, where he completed his residency.
Thomas F. Widmann
Dr. Thomas F. Widmann is a cardiologist and seasoned life sciences entrepreneur with more than 25 years of biotech experience, and also serves as a Venture Partner at Wellington Partners in Germany. In 1997, he co-founded Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Europe's largest biopharmaceutical company. As Actelion's first Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of the Board, he established affiliates in North America, Europe, and Asia. He was instrumental in Actelion's highly successful IPO and secondary offering, which created the foundation for Actelion's growth and profitability. Dr. Widmann has founded several other successful companies, including Hesperion Ltd, an international Contract Research Organization (CRO); Widmann Associates Ltd.; and Auraglobe Ltd., both life-science advisory companies. Previously, he spent nine years at Hoffmann-La Roche (HLR), Basel, leading the international cardiovascular development department, where he brought three cardiovascular drugs to the international markets. He spent six years at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) as an assistant professor of Medicine. Dr. Widmann studied Medicine and Computer Science at the Universities of Heidelberg and Paris, and holds a Doctorate in Medicine from the University of Heidelberg. He earned his specialization in cardiology at the University of Geneva in Switzerland.


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Details for: Money ball: the art of winning an unfair game
Money ball: the art of winning an unfair game
By: Lewis, Michael .
Publisher: New York W. W. Norton & Co. 2004Description: 317 p.ISBN: 9780393338393.Subject(s): Oakland Athletics (Baseball team) | Baseball - Scouting - United States | Baseball players - Salaries, etc. - United States | Baseball - Economic aspects - United States DDC classification: 791.4372 Summary: This is The New York Times best-selling book behind the major motion picture starring Brad Pitt, Jonah Hill, and Philip Seymour Hoffman. Opening this autumn, Moneyball is the story of the Oakland A's general manager Billy Beane (Brad Pitt). He has an epiphany: all conventional baseball wisdom is wrong. Reinventing his team on a budget, he needs to outsmart the richer teams. Joining with Ivy Leaguer Peter Brand (Jonah Hill), they recruit bargain players whom the scouts consider flawed but who have a knack for getting on base, scoring runs and winning games. They'll either be the laughing stock of baseball or its vindicated underdogs. Moneyball is a Columbia Pictures release directed by Bennett Miller (Capote), from the screenplay written by Steven Zaillian (Gangs of New York) and Aaron Sorkin (The Social Network), and produced by Michael De Luca The Social Network) Rachael Horovitz (Grey Gardens) and Scott Rudin (The Social Network).
List(s) this item appears in: Movies based on Novels (Hollywood) | VR_Movies TV Series_2017 | VR_Movies based on Novels (Hollywood)_2018 | VR_Movies based on Novels (Hollywood)_2018
Books Vikram Sarabhai Library
General Stacks Non-fiction 791.4372 L3M6 (Browse shelf) Checked out 13/04/2019 179803
This is The New York Times best-selling book behind the major motion picture starring Brad Pitt, Jonah Hill, and Philip Seymour Hoffman. Opening this autumn, Moneyball is the story of the Oakland A's general manager Billy Beane (Brad Pitt). He has an epiphany: all conventional baseball wisdom is wrong. Reinventing his team on a budget, he needs to outsmart the richer teams. Joining with Ivy Leaguer Peter Brand (Jonah Hill), they recruit bargain players whom the scouts consider flawed but who have a knack for getting on base, scoring runs and winning games. They'll either be the laughing stock of baseball or its vindicated underdogs. Moneyball is a Columbia Pictures release directed by Bennett Miller (Capote), from the screenplay written by Steven Zaillian (Gangs of New York) and Aaron Sorkin (The Social Network), and produced by Michael De Luca The Social Network) Rachael Horovitz (Grey Gardens) and Scott Rudin (The Social Network).


text:
Q: Laravel 5.1 - barryvdh/laravel-dompdf PDF Generation Error In my composer:
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While I hit /dompdf url. I got this Error.

My another Question is if I want to use DOM PDF library in My Controller Method. What setup or Step I Need To Follow??

A: You can run the below command and try
composer require barryvdh/laravel-dompdf


text:
Despite a winner being declared, continued US election uncertainty will dominate market movements in the coming week.
Former US Vice President Joe Biden was elected the 46th President of the United States over the weekend.
Donald Trump has since launched a barrage of legal campaigns and accusations claiming that the vote was rigged and demanding recounts.
The USD soured throughout last week as the world braced for what would be a bumpy election.
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members will be giving speeches throughout the week, with Tuesday playing host to Robert Kaplan, Randal Quarles and Lael Brainard.
Election news will continue to roll out throughout the week and any contested results are likely to aid risk aversion.
The Euro took its cues from overall risk sentiment last week.
As a bunch of European countries go back into lockdown this week, investors will focus on the region's recovery trends.
Speeches from the European Central Bank (ECB) will likely hint at further easing in December as emphasis has been put on downside risk for the Euro.
UK and European representatives will meet this week to look for compromises in the key issues of British fishing waters and environmental protection.
Germany and the Eurozone will be releasing their ZEW economic sentiment, both of which are expected to plummet.
Brexit updates are likely to drive the Pound's value as representatives from both the United Kingdom and Europe resume their Brexit talks in London this week.
With the UK now in a hard lockdown, data reports will be significantly more important as we assess how the economy copes with the restrictions.
Labour market numbers are due out on Tuesday. The unemployment rate is expected to rise from 4.1% to 4.5% which will be a net of 140,000.
Preliminary GDP numbers are due out on Thursday and the economy is expected to have grown by 15.5% in the third quarter after dropping by 19.8% in the second quarter. Strong numbers here could have a subdued impact as they reflect pre-lockdown figures.
The South African Rand rode the wave of risk sentiment last week, strengthening against all major currencies as the US election delivered a risk-on bias.
In the absence of any domestic data reports, the ZAR will be influenced by global risk trends and updates on the US elections could move Rand pairs.
President Cyril Ramaphosa is set to address the nation this week which has been described as a "family meeting" – he is expected to raise concerns of a second wave starting in the Rainbow Nation.
The Aussie Dollar had a stellar performance last week as it benefited from a risk-on sentiment and anti-Dollar movements while the US elections took centre stage.
Risk sentiment is likely to be a theme of the week as the markets settle down following Joe Biden's win in America.
The NAB business confidence index and the Westpac consumer confidence index are both expected to improve this week, the former from -4.0 to -3.0 and the latter to inch up to 108.00 from 105.00.
China will be releasing its CPI and PMI numbers on Tuesday, both of which are expected to fall. The movement could also impact AUD pairs.
Much like its AUD counterpart, the Kiwi Dollar strengthened substantially throughout the last week.
In the upcoming few days, however, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) will be making its policy decision. This after adopting a no-changes stance last month, despite hinting at further easing.
On Wednesday, market analysts expect the central bank to keep rates at 0.25% but Governor Orr is expected to unveil funding for a programme that will allow for lower retail lending rates.
US election news will continue to influence the NZD as the demand for higher-yielding currencies will be affected.


Your dog will be exercised twice a day in our grassed yards. Depending on what other guests we have in and at your discretion, they may be able to be socialised with other dogs.
We find most of our guests love this interaction and helps them enjoy their time with us.
While your dog is out in the grassed exercise yard, their kennel is disinfected and their meal prepared. We then spend time interacting with your dog. Throwing the ball and give them some much needed attention.


Cat Hope on Radio National as part of 'Holding The Tune' produced by Camilla Hannan.
In Holding the Tune, producer Camilla Hannan speaks with five contemporary Australian women composers, Elena Kats-Chernin, Cat Hope, Kate Neal, Holly Harrison and Jenna Cave. These composers span varied musical genres and career stages. And while they are all women, their experiences and perspectives vary markedly. These composers discuss the way in which they work, their aspirations and their passion for music. They reveal how the experience of gender impacts on their practice. And they open the door on what it means to live as a composer in Australia today.


In airsoft, two of the most intimidating guns that one can own are a Barrett .50 caliber replica, and a 6 shot revolver 40mm grenade launcher. I already own two Barretts, so I suppose that it is only appropriate that I am now reviewing the Pro-Arms Grenade Revolver, courtesy of Evike! This thing is a weapon of mass destruction, capable of raining down hundreds of rounds on your opponent within a few seconds. It is small, incredibly heavy, and certainly not for everyone, but it has its place on the field, and possibly in your collection!
I obtained this hefty launcher directly from Evike, where it is currently available HERE in tan, or HERE in black. The tan launcher, which I am reviewing today, is currently priced at $180.00. The gun shipped to me was their display model, so it has some cosmetic nicks and scratches, but it's a solid gun. The gun arrived 2 days after it was ordered, using Evike's free UPS ground shipping option. I always suggest checking out your chosen retailer's coupon codes, as most retailers offer a free or discounted shipping option.
The launcher came packaged in a plain brown cardboard box with a Pro-Arms sticker on the front. The box has a few small cardboard supports inside to keep everything secure during shipping, and it did a fine job at that. Aside from the launcher, there was nothing else included, however, there's really not much to this thing, and aside from grenade shells, there's really not anything else that you need.
Given that this launcher weighs 11 lbs empty, it clearly is made predominately out of metal. The only plastic parts on the gun are the pistol grip, and the 6-shot cylinder. Everything else is made out of metal, which make this one heavy beast.
The gun is equipped with an ergonomic pistol grip, which fits quite well in your hand. At the front of the grip, you will find a metal trigger guard, which is pretty roomy, although users wearing thick gloves may want a little more wiggle room. The grip is attached to a solid receiver, which houses a very large push button safety, as well as the cylinder locking latch. Pro-Arms has included an ambidextrous QD sling mount receptacle at the rear of the receiver, which is ready for you to use with your choice of QD sling mount.
The heart of this launcher is the six shot 40mm cylinder, which houses the shells that give the gun its pop. The cylinder is one of the rare non-metal parts of this gun, which offers you a little bit of a weight savings in an otherwise stout build. The cylinders are limited in length, meaning that you are limited in the maximum length of shell that you can use. The maximum length shell that I would recommend is 4.5" overall length. The cylinder is pre-tensioned by winding it counterclockwise (as viewed from the rear), giving you semi-automatic firing, with one shot per trigger pull. A brief word of caution: DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN THE PRE-TENSIONER. Only rotate it 8-9 clicks, or it can break.
The gun is a breach opening design, which is held closed by a top mounted locking lever. When released, the front of the gun will tilt forward, allowing you to load your shells in. If the locking latch doesn't line up properly, you can adjust how everything lines up using the two bottom mounted screws at the front of the cylinder.
In front of the cylinder, you will find the barrel, which is also full metal. The barrel is pretty short, only about 5.5" from cylinder to muzzle. Attached to the barrel, you will find a vertical foregrip, which is attached with a mount that is tightened onto the outer barrel. You can move it forward and backward to fit your size and stance, just don't move it too far forward or you may shoot yourself in the finger!
There are no iron sights on the gun, however, there is a 6.5" long 20mm rail that you can mount your choice of optic on. The rail appears to be made to spec, and I didn't have any issues mounting any of my optics on it.
Overall, this thing is a tank, and is pretty solid. I needed to tighten a few nuts and bolts, as well as replace one of the lower screws, but overall, I'm pleased with the externals of the launcher. The one thing to look out for is that you don't overtighten the pre-tensioner, as it is possible to break the internal spring, or sheer off the little locking lug that makes the whole thing work.
As this is a 40mm grenade launcher, this gun doesn't use magazines, instead relying on your choice of 40mm shells inserted into the cylinder. As mentioned earlier, you are limited in the maximum length of your shells, so you need to keep them under 4.5" total length. Otherwise, basically any 40mm shells will work, and I've tested it with KA, Madbull, S-Thunder, and ICS shells with no issues, aside from length compatibility problems.
As this launcher is mainly a tool used to fire your chosen 40mm shells, the performance really depends on the shells that you use. The outer barrel does give you some room for the cloud of BBs to pick up speed before leaving the launcher, giving you a nice range bump. The gun will fire about as fast as you can pull the trigger, and the rotation of the cylinder gives the gun an interesting recoil feeling, as the whole gun kicks to the side. You can dump the whole cylinder in about 3 seconds, and rain BB hell onto your opponents.
There are really no internals to speak of with the launcher, as it operates on a very simple firing system. Basically, when you pull the trigger, a rod is extended towards the rear of the chambered shell, and once it is released, the clockspring system rotates the cylinder to chamber the next shell. It's all very simple, and the biggest potential issue is with the clockspring system, which must not be overtightened.
Right from the get-go, you will probably want to add some sights to the launcher. 40mm grenades aren't really precision instruments, but having some sort of aiming device is a good idea. I've mounted up a replica C-More sight to mine, and I love the way it looks. Other than that, I can see people attaching stocks to it, to help balance the gun out a bit and make it a little easier to handle.
It's a 6 shot 40mm launcher!
Frankly, I really needed to add this to my armory, as I like to specialize in big, bad weapons. This thing is relatively compact, but holds a tremendous amount of firepower. It's heavy, too big to use as a sidearm, and really quite irrational to rock as a primary, as you only have 6 shots, but it is just so incredibly cool, that I will absolutely use it in games. I used to go out with a single shot 40mm launcher as my primary gun, and was relatively effective with it. Now that I have 5 more rounds between reloads, I think I can use this quite effectively.


Weight loss is an issue for many in our community. After the holidays most people are feeling a bit sluggish and looking at fasting, detoxing, and joining a gym.
Although the answer may seem simple: eat less and exercise more, the reality is far more complex. For lasting success, psychological factors, hormonal factors and dietary needs must be explored and a holistic approach taken.
Kinesiology allows you to get to the root cause of why you have put on weight and why you are struggling to lose it.
I find with my clients that the cause is often emotional. Layers of fat can be seen as layers of protection. If you feel frightened or insecure you can put on weight in self-defence.
Could carrying weight make you feel less attractive and therefore safer?
You may have put on weight because you want to be noticed.
The bigger you are, the more attention you receive. Has someone ignored you or rejected you recently or in the past?
To dissolve some of the emotional and psychological factors that could be holding weight on your body try the Australian Bush Flower Essence – WILD POTATO BUSH – It is for feeling heavy and physically encumbered and will help you feel light and revitalised. You can easily buy a bottle of this in the health food store or pharmacy.
I write the affirmations on sticky notes and pop them on my bathroom mirror so as I clean my teeth morning and night I use that time to read and repeat them.
I hope you will embrace a kinesiological approach to your health and start to shed some heavy layers both emotionally and physically from your body.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Elizabeth Hughes is the founder of Your Body Has The Answer Pty Ltd and was Head of Progressive Kinesiology in the United Kingdom. She graduated from Warwick University in England, with a B.A. Honours degree in Psychology and Education.
As well as running a busy private health centre, teaches the nationally recognised Diploma of Kinesiology. She is an Advanced Australian Bush Flower Essence practitioner, has studied Cranio-sacral therapy and Aromatic medicine.
She is author of the comprehensive self help books YOUR BODY HAS THE ANSWER and YOUR CHILD'S BODY HAS THE ANSWER which guide you through common health conditions and how to treat them naturally.