text:
Nursery and Sunday School Tip Sheet
The risk for transmitting the virus is high in church nurseries and Sunday School.
Plan for children to be in worship with their families at this time.
(BWC Guidelines for Re-entering Well, p. 4)
The safety and wellbeing of young people is paramount. While the symptoms of COVID-19 are similar in children and adults, children with confirmed COVID-19 have generally shown mild symptoms such as fever, runny nose, and cough. Due to the need for physical closeness and touch in the care of young children, every measure should be taken to prevent them from being in danger of exposure to COVID-19 or exposing others such as Sunday School and nursery volunteers.
In order to avoid placing infants, children, and youth at risk, the nursery and Sunday School should not be reinstituted during Phase 2. Young people should sit with their immediate families during worship. When Phase 3 begins to unfold, churches should follow CDC and other guidelines for children's safety. We do not yet have those guidelines.
Implementation Checklist
Sunday School teachers and others should promote all of the virtual resources the church has available for children. Church leaders should continue to be intentional about the spiritual lives of the church's children.
Poll parents and/or experiment with ways to connect virtually with children during Phases 1 and 2.
Consider partnering with area congregations to share virtual ministry resources for children.
Notify parents to keep young children with them at all times and to accompany their children to the restroom to ensure appropriate social distancing.
You may wish to consider creating a sign with this information.
Inform parents that they are responsible to ensure their children are wearing masks and to clean their children's hands as per guidelines. It is recommended that children under age 2 wear no mask because of the potential to suffocate.
Children's sermons may still be delivered; however, children should not be invited to gather with the pastor during this time.
Invite a Christian educator or a skilled congregant with the appropriate gifts to serve as a resource to parents regarding the spiritual and emotional issues facing young people.
Children's ministries are often family ministries. Ask parents to stay home with children who are not well.
Checklist for Re-Opening Sunday Schools and Nurseries
During Phase 3, some churches may choose to re-open nurseries and Sunday School, recognizing that this is a significant undertaking. One session of the Re-Entering Well Task Force should engage key Christian educators to make intentional plans for re-opening Sunday School and other programming for children following local guidelines.
Plan training sessions for teachers and nursery workers to equip them for safely re-opening your nursery and Sunday School that cover these topics/questions:
How will social distancing be observed, allowing at least six feet between each student?
How will social distancing guidelines be enforced? Do more adults need to be added in each classroom?
How may materials be used and shared in ways that do not risk transmission of the virus?
Ensure a significant supply of hand-sanitizer is on-hand and remind or help students to wash their hands regularly.
Develop a schedule for cleaning and disinfecting.
BWC List of Resources for Parents During COVID-19
BWC List of Resources for Family and Children's Ministry During COVID-19
Example of a Routine for Cleaning, Sanitizing and Disinfecting
Listing of EPA-approved cleaning products
Schools and Child Care Programs, from the Centers for Disease Control
Guidance for Child Care Programs that Remain Open, from the Centers for Disease Control


text:
SONGS Pub signs Nelly
HE WASN'T KIDDING ABOUT COUNTRY GRAMMAR: Hip-hop star Nelly has inked a worldwide co-pub pact with SONGS Music Publishing. The deal covers his 5.0 album, which includes "Just A Dream" and his current single, "Hey Porsche" (just playlisted at BBC Radio One, as readers of yesterday's Rumor Mill may recall), and future albums, not to mention his upcoming collaboration with Florida Georgia Line on the remix of "Cruise." The rapper's new album is due out later this year. Big ups to SONGS President and Head of A&R Ron Perry and his A&R staff. You can check out a video of Nelly joining Taylor Swift for a raucous rendition of "Hey Porsche" during the latter's St. Louis stop here. (3/21)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Como Ordenar Em R Como fazer para ordenar os números na linguagem r
dados = order(dados, decreasing = F)
dados

Aqui so ordena a posição...
Queria saber um método de ordenar os números que estão na lista dados: dados = c(8,6,5,4,1,3,7)

A: Você pode utilizar o sort
dados = c(8,6,5,4,1,3,7)
dados = sort(dados, decreasing = F)
dados

Saída
1 3 4 5 6 7 8

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hello and welcome back for another installment of my Kill My Studio Calico Kit series! I am not going in order… this is the 11th kit I have killed, and in total I have made a whopping 130 layouts. Yay me!
Kill my Studio Calico kit is a monthly series I started on my blog to hold myself accountable and use up my kits. You can subscribe to the Studio Calico Scrapbook kit here.
I considered a kit killed when I don't have enough paper to make another layout.
This month I killed the September 2016 Lost River scrapbook kit.
Notes: I bought this kit with a $10 promotion (they also have a $5 promotion if you want to try a kit, check here and use the code SCKIT5), and I really like it. I found it to be a bit light on embellishments, but no big deal as I am trying to use up my stash more this year and was happy to add some items to supplement the kit. I also used some stamps from my stash. I didn't care for the washi tape nor the stamp (in fact I have not used them).
Status: Killed! Knowing I had not paid full price for this kit resulted in me not pushing myself as much as I normally do to crank out 10+ pages from a kit. I used two of the cardstock pieces for other layouts but I didn't count them towards killing this kit because all the rest was from my stash.
I made 8 layouts (6 12″x12″ and 2 8.5″x11″), for a total of $10, or $1.43/page.
Leftovers: I ended up not using the yellow cardstock – I tried, but it was just too bright. I'll use it on some other page in the future. But otherwise, this kit is thoroughly killed. I used a lot of the gold alphas, but I still have plenty left, and I have most of the vellum alpha. I didn't touch the washi tape and stamp. I'm very happy I used up all the envelopes, and most of the tiny red sequins.
While I normally start by using my least favorite paper, this time I started by using my favorite paper in the kit for this page – it was just perfect for this story! The stamp I used is from an old add on called Caramel Apple – I purchased it when it went for sale at last call last August for $10 (score!). The alpha stamp is from Freckled Fawn (discontinued), as are the cork trees (aren't they pretty? I used up the whole pack – it may be my first time ever doing that! :)).
Most of the items on this page are from my stash – only the background paper and the gold alpha are from the kit.
I used some alpha stickers and embellishments from my stash.
I love how this one turned out. I used some stamps from my stash, as well as some heart stickers. The pretty owls are printables by Wilna Furstenberg.
On this page I used the kit almost exclusively: the only think I added from my stash is the enamel dots.
I had so much fun making this page! I used stamps from Sakuralala with Distress Oxide Ink (cracked pistachio), and then used some scraps of paper from the kit, along with a rubber banner and the vellum alpha.
I love how this page turned out! I used up my last paper scraps, and put to good use the red sequins and the rest of the kraft envelopes.
And that's it for this month! If you have any questions, please leave a comment and let me know!
This was my most recent unkilled kit, so now I'll have to dig up some more kits from 2016 that I haven't used yet: I still have Film Club (April), Scout (June) and Pool Party (July) that are mostly untouched. I cannot wait!
You can subscribe to the Studio Calico Scrapbook kit here.
I purchased all products myself, but if you use the affiliate links in this post (at no extra cost to you!) you'll help me buy more supplies and bring more content to this blog. Thanks for stopping by!


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Third edition of Ufone Balochistan Football Cup to kick off from March 04
Pakistani Telecom Company achieves ISO 9001:2015 by Bureau Veritas (BV)
Ufone partners with Islamabad United as its favourite network
Quetta, January 21, 2019: : Pakistani telecom company Ufone is bringing back Balochistan's favourite football tournament. Due to start on March 04, this will be the third edition of the tournament and will feature in 8 cities of the province. Football is very popular among the youth of Balochistan and Ufone has been encouraging the emerging players from the province to showcase their talent through this tournament.
"Youth in Balochistan is passionate about football, and we at Ufone believe in providing them with the right platform to develop their skills further and represent the country at a national level", said Ufone's Spokesperson. Due to the popularity of the last two editions, Ufone has included two new cities to the tournament this year.
This year, a total of 720 young footballers from 48 teams will participate in the tournament's qualifiers which will be kicking off from Gawadar and Panjgur simultaneously. It will then move to Khuzdar, Noshki, Loralai, Chaman, Pishin and Quetta where the qualifier round will end on March 21. The finals will start from March 25 and the two top teams will face each other in Quetta. This will be the first time in the tournament's history that the finals will be played under a stadium's flood lights.
Ufone believes this championship will help endorse football in the province and prove to be a great platform for the emerging young players to learn and display their footballing skills. Ufone's brand ambassador and national football team star Fazal Muhammad will be participating in the tournament and will provide coaching and tips to the young emerging players. The initiative shows Ufone's commitment to the people of Balochistan, which reaffirms the company's tagline "It's all about U."
About Ufone: Ufone is a Pakistani Telecom Company with its presence in all the major cities of Pakistan, along with comprehensive coverage across all major cities, towns and villages of the country. The company operates with a network of more than 320 franchises and company-owned customer service centres, along with a distribution network of 150,000 outlets nationwide.


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Croatia delays extradition bid for Predrag Japranin, alleged war criminal living in Melbourne, until Captain Dragan case is finalised
By the National Reporting Team's Dan Oakes
Posted Fri 25 Jul 2014 at 2:56am Friday 25 Jul 2014 at 2:56am Fri 25 Jul 2014 at 2:56am , updated Fri 25 Jul 2014 at 3:23am Friday 25 Jul 2014 at 3:23am Fri 25 Jul 2014 at 3:23am
The Croatian government is delaying its extradition bid for alleged war criminal Predrag Japranin, who lives in Melbourne. (Supplied)
abc.net.au/news/croatia-delays-extradition-request-for-alleged-war-criminal/5623946
The Croatian government will not request the extradition of an alleged war criminal living in Victoria until a final decision is made in the case of his fellow Serb, 'Captain' Dragan Vasiljkovic.
The ABC revealed this week that Predrag Japranin, an Australian citizen living in Melbourne's south-eastern suburbs, is wanted over his alleged involvement in the murder of three civilians in Croatia in 1991.
Mr Japranin has strenuously denied any involvement in war crimes, and told the ABC he was never a member of any military unit.
He was put on Interpol's 'red list' after a Croatian court issued a warrant and indictment over his alleged crimes, committed when rebel Serbs carved out a mini-republic on Croatian territory following the break-up of Yugoslavia.
However, he will not stand trial unless the Croatian government asks Australian authorities to arrest and extradite him.
In a statement, the Croatian ministry of justice said it would not seek Mr Japranin's extradition until the case of Vasiljkovic - aka Daniel Snedden - was finalised.
"Both Dragan Vasiljkovic and Predrag Japranin are Australian citizens," the statement said.
Mother's wait for justice
A mother whose son died after allegedly meeting with Predrag Japranin has waited nearly 23 years for justice.
"Republic of Croatia did not submit a request to extradite Predrag Japranin from Australia until Australian judicial bodies decide regarding extradition of Dragan Vasiljkovic from Australia to Croatia.
"That decision will be the precedent and will indicate the final stance of Australia regarding extradition of their citizens."
Mr Vasiljkovic is wanted by the Croatian government over alleged war crimes in Serb-occupied areas of Croatia in the early 1990s.
He was arrested in Sydney in 2006, but has been in legal limbo ever since.
He has launched a number of appeals against the Australian Government's decision to extradite him, and the Federal Court is currently deliberating on aspects of his case.
Do you know more on this story? Email investigations@abc.net.au
Posted 25 Jul 2014 25 Jul 2014 Fri 25 Jul 2014 at 2:56am , updated 25 Jul 2014 25 Jul 2014 Fri 25 Jul 2014 at 3:23am
Melbourne man wanted over alleged war crimes
Mother waits for justice 23 years after son's death
Govt approves extradition of 'Captain Dragan'
Courts and Trials
Unrest, Conflict and War
Yugoslavia (1992-2003)
Relief at resumption of IVF but women face longer waits


Denmark's Dali Callisto Speaker Systems Hit the U.S.
Lenbrook, parent company of the iconic NAD and PSB brands, has announced the arrival of Denmark's DALI Callisto high performance wireless speaker systems in the U.S.
Two powered systems, both distributed by Lenbrook America, were announced: the Model 2C bookshelf speaker system and Model 6C tower speaker system, each of which connect to the included DALI Sound Hub via Qualcomm's aptX HD wireless protocol. The app-controlled Hub sends 24-bit/96-KHz audio to the Callisto speakers and switches automatically to the connected source.
Highlights of the Callisto speakers include a hybrid module that combines a dome tweeter with a ribbon tweeter and wood-fiber woofers that use a patented soft magnetic compound (SMC) in the pole piece to "reduce distortion from mechanical loss." Power output of the Class D amplifier built into the Sound Hub is not specified but DALI said it's capable of delivering 250 watts for up to 5 seconds and is based on a patented self-oscillating, global feedback design.
System volume can be controlled via a Bluetooth remote, touch-sensitive controls on the top of the speaker cabinet, or a volume knob on the Sound Hub.
System prices are $4,300 for the C2 and $5,300 for the C6. An optional BluOS upgrade module ($450) facilitates hi-res multiroom streaming over Wi-Fi at bitrates up to 24 bits/192 kHz.
"As a convenient option, users can playback and stream all their hi-res music files easily and conveniently via BluOS from their smart device or music server," explained Jeff Earl, product manager for Lenbrook America.
"The U.S. market, like others globally, is experiencing a shift in consumer behavior and we believe that matching high fidelity powered speakers like DALI's with a versatile and modern multiroom operating system like BluOS will be a true game changer," said Lars Worre, CEO of DALI Loudspeakers.
For information on Lenbrook's BluOs system, visit bluos.net.


text:
Get Ready to Dance with Austin David in Latest Feel-Good Single, "In the Stars"
Michigan artist Austin David has set his motivations for advancing his growth and progression as a singer/songwriter. Growing up around all sorts of music scenes, Austin David has always felt that music was intrinsic for him, and thus bloomed the start of his career. Austin's music is typically all about uplifting the listener. He does this with his strategic blend of feel-good melodies, combined with his positive tone, ultimately creating a product that's full of life.
"In the Stars" has been the most recent pop-driven release by Austin David, and the track features a trendy guitar rhythm with beach-party energy intensely emulated. The song begins with a more moderate melody, but listeners shouldn't be fooled, as "In the Stars" soon picks up the tempo and sets out to be a track that's almost impossible to not move some part of your body to.
Showering listeners with vibrancy, Austin David exploits the most spirited and vigorous properties of his vocal sound, which only amplifies the buzzing energy pouring off of the track.
"In the Stars" has a straightforward narrative where Austin David hones his perspective on love and the attractions that result from such emotion. It's safe to say that Au
There's such vivid vibrancy with your latest single, "In the Stars". We're constantly getting twists and turns with the single, and it's without a doubt that you keep listeners in tune with the versatile track. How would you describe the kind of vision you had in order to perform the way you did with this single?
I grew up playing music in grimy Detroit rock and roll bars and back-alley Northern Michigan pubs. When I finally moved to L.A. in 2012 I decided to take on a strictly pop music format. For eight years I wrote and polished my pop chops. When it came to writing "In the Stars," I had been working on a sync project with some other friends and we were doing hard rock type of songs, so it was kind of natural evolution to weave that raw and dirty rock style in with the more pop music side of things. I recorded vocals and guitar parts in one or two takes in my bedroom on GarageBand and then we mixed it in with professionally recorded takes in the studio to give it a kind of polished but still real feel. I had some of my good buddies from Michigan play drums and bass and they emailed me the tracks to mix in. Total rockstar chops in the rhythm sections.
What kind of emotional connection did you personally feel towards "In the Stars"? Would you say that most of your songs typically source out your own personal expressions, or do you attempt to stay more in-line with the current trend?
The song is about coming to grips with unrequited love. Looking at it as a storyline and trying to find meaning in something painful. Like "Hey, fine, we weren't supposed to be lovers in this lifetime, I guess." Thematically I knew I was stepping off-trend a little bit, but that's what artists need to do otherwise we get bored fast.
Considering how positive and inspiring you make your music feel, how do you often go about choosing the production of your tracks and ensuring it matches the projected ambiance you're reaching for?
This song went through several rough drafts and iterations before we got it nailed. I'm always rewriting and tinkering with things. My producer can take it up to the next level. I'm always seeking peaks and valleys. The song has gotta take you on a ride, and I love vocal melodies that double on guitar melodies...stuff that Kurt Cobain used to do all the time.
As an artist who's wanting to focus more on his fusion of pop/rock, what kind of visions or steps do you have in place in order to achieve that more in your future songs?
I know how to write rock and pop, so it's all about having the right players and producers to help me get that perfect blend in the crosshairs.
What has been keeping you inspired this year?
I always try to stay upbeat and positive. I try to take all the negativity and convert it into positive, inspiring songs. People need art now more than ever. We've been locked into this social media loop feeding us all kinds of BS info meant to keep us glued to a screen and our spirits low.
instagram.com/austindavidmusic
facebook.com/austindavidmusic
Get Comfy And Daring With Jasmine Crowe And "The Shirt Song"


text:
Mejiro Gakuen Educational Foundation
Message from the Chairman of the Board of Directors, CEO
Mejiro University
Mejiro Graduate School
Mejiro University College
Mejiro Kenshin Junior and Senior High School
International Student Entrance Exams(University)
International Student Entrance Exams(College)
Entrance Exams(Graduate School)
Community Cooperation & Research Center
Psychological Counseling Center
Medical Staff Training Center
Mejiro University Ear Institute Clinic
Research Institute for Education
Japanese Language Education Center
Japanese Language Program for Foreign Students (JALP)
Japanese Language and Culture Studies Program (JALC)
International Exchange Center
Environment-Friendly Campus
Shinjuku Campus
Saitama Iwatsuki Campus
Mejiro University Saitama Hospital Campus
Mejiro Kenshin Junior and Senior High School is an elite school that was restructured in April 2009 from Mejiro Gakuen Junior and Senior High School. It is based on the concept of a "coeducational school responding to the educational eeds of a new age". The school nurtures "Students who have confidence and communication skills to interact with others smoothly, who can collect and analyze information correctly to find and solve problems." The school's goal is to urture those students through daily classes, school events and club activities.
Junior High School Students enrolled: 125 / Teachers: 14
Senior High School Students enrolled: 760 / Teachers: 42
Message from the Principal of Mejiro Kenshin Junior and Senior High School
Hidefusa Matsushita
Principal of Mejiro Kenshin Junior and Senior High School
From 2017, the school reforms are progressing into the third stage with the objective of further progress. We offer our students an extensive array of facilities and an environment for comfortable living, while our giving and passionate faculty work as a team to guide our students so that they can look back at their time at Mejiro Kenshin as the driving force that has made for a more enriched life.
Hallmarks of Mejiro Kenshin Education
In an effort to assist students in the pursuit of their studies outside of class, the Study-Support Center has programs tailored to each student's level of academic achievement and educational needs, ranging from mastering fundamental skills to preparing for entrance exams of highly-selective universities. The Center has added more study booths and offers extended support hours until 8 p.m. Also, the Super English Course (SEC) provides a dynamic start to the high school curriculum. With the establishment of two tracks, the traditional course and SEC, our aim is to further enhance the academic guidance offered to our students. Five native English-speakers are on staff to ensure that the particularly strong emphasis on English education is met in all courses. Students will be equipped with the tool of English proficiency so that they may pursue their careers as full-fledged members of the international community. The institute also has a thriving study abroad program with sister school agreements with 18 schools in four countries. Many of our students go abroad to study, and many students from other countries also come to study at Mejiro Kenshin Junior and Senior High School.
Course Formation
Students entering Mejiro Kenshin High School may select from one of three courses of study: the "Special Accelerated Course" for those students seeking admission to highly-selective public or private universities, "Super English Course" for those aiming to study at an overseas university or a Japanese university with a curriculum taught entirely in English, or "General Course" which emphasizes a balance between preparation for higher education and club activities. Students starting at Mejiro Kenshin Junior High School may tentatively select one of the aforementioned courses during their third year, then make their final choice when beginning their first year of high school.
In order to realize study guidance that enhances students' learning skills, a Study-Support Center was established within the Media Center. The center offers educational videos and handouts for learning which students can incorporate into their studies, at their own pace. The learning site is also equipped with the most advanced facilities to enrich student life.
Science Floor
Facilities include three science rooms covering physics, chemistry, biology and geology and two computer rooms which can also be used as an audio-visual facility and a language laboratory. Hands-on laboratory classes are held in these rooms.
Media Center (Information Space)
Our multipurpose information space includes the school library, study room and a place for searching information about interna t ional exchange programs and universities. There are fully-equipped independent study rooms so that students may learn from pre-recorded video courses.
Facilities Supporting a Rich Student Life
Facilities include a bright and sunny "cafeteria," the "central garden," a "Japanese-style room" for practicing the tea ceremony and flower arrangement. We also have a "gymnasium" for athletic activities.
Mejiro Kenshin offers a broad range of clubs from special interests to competitive sports. With their peers around, students can go through hard training and practice. While developing a sense of responsibility and gratitude toward others, students can challenge themselves for a rewarding experience.
Study abroad and home stay programs are used to polish English communication skills. Since the time the school was known as Mejiro Gakuen, it has enjoyed sister-school relationships with 18 schools in five different countries. More than 350 students have participated in the study abroad program. In that same period, more than 230 students have come from sister schools to study at Mejiro Kenshin.
The school organization includes an International Education Department for handling the international exchanges, as well as the PTA International Exchange Committee and an organization of host families (the "MOM no Kai"). These groups support and promote information exchanges regarding studies abroad and international exchange programs.
目白学園
目白大学
目白大学大学院
目白大学短期大学部
目白研心
中学校・高等学校
目白大学新宿図書館
目白大学岩槻図書館
目白大学国立埼玉病院キャンパス図書室
目白大学地域連携・研究推進センター
目白大学耳科学研究所クリニック
目白大学心理カウンセリングセンター
日本語教育センター/国際交流センター
メディカルスタッフ研修センター
目白学園は2023年に
創立100周年を迎えます
Mejiro University Graduate School
About Mejiro Gakuen
4-31-1 Nakaochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
320 Ukiya, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama
National Saitama Hospital Campus
2-12 Suwa, Wako-shi, Saitama


Sun beds and umbrellas on Skala Beach available for hire.
Avra Restaurant is open all day and will impress you with its cuisine.
Our small traditional chapel is the ideal location for your wedding day.
"Sopho" carries a selection of apparel, accessories and souvenirs.


text:
Feminism in "Waves": Useful Metaphor or Not?
By: Linda Nicholson
Winter 2010 (New Politics Vol. XII, No. 4, Whole Number 48)
By the early 1990s, it had become clear that the kind of feminist activity that had blossomed from the late 1960s through the late 1980s in the United States was no longer present. Consequently, many began to ask: what was the present state of feminism? One idea put forth in the early 1990s was that feminism had not died but was merely in a "third wave" – a younger form of feminism that looked very different from earlier forms.[1] Here I would like to turn to the question of the current state of feminism, not through asking whether we are in a "third wave," but through reflecting upon the general use of the wave metaphor in feminist self-understanding. In seeing what has been useful, or not, in this metaphor, we can generate some tools in understanding the contemporary state of U.S. feminism.
Let me begin then with some reflections on the wave metaphor. In the late 1960s, it was very useful for feminists to begin to describe their movement as the "second wave" of feminism. It was useful because it reminded people that the then current women's rights and women's liberation movements had a venerable past – that these movements were not historical aberrations but were part of a long tradition of activism. The late 1960s and early 1970s was a time when feminists began to rewrite U.S. history. Involved in that rewriting were new understandings of the suffrage movement, including the recognition that the suffrage movement was part of a larger nineteenth century movement around women's issues. One could expand the meaning of the suffrage movement and tie it to 1960s activism by referring to the former as the first wave of U.S. feminism and to the 1960s movement as the second wave. Thus the wave metaphor both showed the 1960s movement as something other than an historical aberration and also framed the nineteenth century movement as far larger and more historically significant than most of us had been taught.
But the wave metaphor has outlived its usefulness. For one, the places where it mostly gets mentioned, among those who are committed to some version or another of feminism, are those places where people mostly now know this history, i.e. know about the larger significance of the nineteenth century women's movement and know that 1960s activism emerged from a long history of struggle around women's issues. But it is not only that the wave metaphor has outlived its usefulness. It is also that the wave metaphor tends to have built into it an important metaphorical implication that is historically misleading and not helpful politically. That implication is that underlying certain historical differences, there is one phenomenon, feminism, that unites gender activism in the history of the United States, and that like a wave, peaks at certain times and recedes at others. In sum, the wave metaphor suggests the idea that gender activism in the history of the United States has been for the most part unified around one set of ideas, and that set of ideas can be called feminism.[2]
But as the historical record has increasingly illustrated, that is not how best to understand the past in the United States. The different kinds of activism around gender that have taken place since the early nineteenth century in this country cannot be reduced to one term, feminism. That kind of reduction obfuscates the historical specificity of gender activism in the history of the United States. It obscures the differences in the ideas that have motivated different groups of people to pursue different kinds of political goals at different moments in time. For example, to call the nineteenth century movement "the first wave" suggests an underlying similarity between the political goals of this movement with those of the movements that began to emerge in the 1960s. But as Nancy Cott argued in her groundbreaking book, The Grounding of Modern Feminism, it is not even appropriate to call much of the activism around gender issues in the nineteenth century, and particularly the nineteenth century suffrage movement, a "feminist" movement. For one, those active in this movement did not use the term. Moreover, many who supported suffrage had more limited political goals than did those who began to use the word feminism in the early twentieth century. Many of those who supported suffrage did so not on the basis of a general idea of women's equality with men, or because they thought of women as individuals similar to men — ideas that would become important for many of those beginning to call themselves feminists in the early twentieth century — but because they believed, for a variety of reasons, that women should have the vote. As Cott quotes an early twentieth century feminist, "All feminists are suffragists, but not all suffragists are feminists."[3]
Not recognizing these distinctions has led some scholars to be puzzled about why feminism "died" after the nineteenth amendment was passed. My own view is that it did not die because at that moment in time it had not yet been born, at least not as the type of large-scale social movement that suffrage had become. In the early twentieth century, while there were a large number of people who supported women's suffrage and who were working to improve women's situation in other ways, such as through supporting protective labor legislation for women, their support did not translate into what was then becoming understood as feminism. An important strand of the feminist vision of the time — that women and men were similar in fundamental ways and on that basis should be treated as equals — was the position of only a small number of women, mostly those in professional or gender neutral jobs. That kind of feminist position, as reflected in the National Women's Party endorsement of an Equal Rights Amendment, was strongly opposed by many who saw such an amendment undermining the protective labor legislation that women had only recently won. The relative isolation of this kind of feminist position remained the case up until the early 1960s.[4]
But even in the period between the passage of the nineteenth amendment and the early 1960s, real changes in gender roles and relationships were taking place. During the 1920s and 1930s, ordinary women were challenging older notions of womanhood in a myriad number of ways, from cutting their hair, to adopting new norms about sexuality, to developing new understandings of their relationship to wage labor. Particularly in the post World War II period, a growing number of women were entering the paid labor force for a larger period of their lives. In the 1940s and 1950s, women in unions were beginning to make many of the same kinds of political demands that had become associated with the label feminism in the early part of the century– such as equal pay for equal work. Connections began to be made among those who occupied leadership positions in such unions with others who were arguing for women's rights in other arenas, laying the groundwork for the kind of political activism that began to surface in a more public way in the early 1960s.[5] This complex history tends to be obscured by the use of the wave metaphor.
Moreover, the use of the wave metaphor becomes particularly unhelpful when we turn our attention back to the present. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, feminism began to expand its meaning, including not only those who supported what many now think of as a liberal understanding of feminism, but also those who took this worldview in new directions. The 1960s through the 1980s was a period of great theoretical and political creativity and activity, making possible a very broad understanding of feminism. But after that kind of creative activity began to die down in the 1990s, people began to wonder whether or not we were in a third wave of feminism. The appeal of this way of thinking was that it kept up the hope that gender activism had not really died down but merely had taken a somewhat different, more youthful and jazzier form. But when I think about what has transpired in the period from the 1990s to today, I don't think that the metaphor of a third wave is the best way to describe what has gone on. Instead, let me offer a different kind of analysis about what has happened.
Since the early 1990s, we have been in a period where the feminism that emerged in the1960s, 1970s, and 1980s has both flourished in many areas and stalled in others, and this complexity cannot be adequately captured by the metaphor of a wave. Rather, we need to understand the areas in which it has flourished and the areas in which it has stalled to have a realistic assessment both of where we are as well as to better figure out where we need to go.
Let me begin with the more optimistic perspective on how feminism has been flourishing. Following the mass transformation of consciousness that was the great legacy of the mass movements of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, feminism began the quiet, but very important job of institutionalizing itself. The phrase that has sometimes been used to describe this process is "the long walk through the institutions." We all are aware of many of the results of that process: the creation of women's studies programs, the establishment of rape crisis centers and shelters for the victims of domestic abuse, the creation of women's caucuses in many organizations, the formation of women's political organizations, such as Emily's List, etc., etc. What we tend to be less conscious of is how many of these institutionalized manifestations of 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s feminism are not static but have continued to grow and develop, more quietly perhaps than was the case with their inauguration, but still happening. Women's Studies programs are no longer small isolated ghettos in liberal arts schools but have spread into law schools, medical schools, and schools of architecture and journalism. Emily's List has grown into a powerful organization that almost succeeded in helping make a woman president of the United States. The women's ordination movement in many religious denominations has either achieved its goals or, in the case of some churches, such as the Roman Catholic Church, has continued to grow.[6] Women make up an increasing percentage of those receiving doctorates in the United States, indeed surpassing the percentage of men in 2003.[7] While employed women still do a disproportionate share of housework and childrearing, that share has decreased over time.[8] And gender is talked about in more sophisticated and more public ways than would have been heard even in the glory days of the 1970s. Within Women's Studies settings, feminists recognize today in more conceptually developed ways than they did even in the 1980s, how phenomena such as gender, race, and class intersect in constituting an individual's social identity. Among the wider public, in the last presidential campaign, even conservative Republican women used the word sexism to disparage many of the criticisms Democrats were making of Sarah Palin. For all of the hypocrisy that one might see in their responses — when exactly did Phyliss Schafly change her mind about the appropriateness of a woman with a four-month-old baby entering the work force? — still, that these conservative women and men saw the adjective "sexist" as rhetorically powerful, meant that feminism was not only far from dead but was in a state of growth.
That is the good news. The bad news, however, is also not hard to find. The wage gap between women and men continues to exist.[9] Rigid and narrow standards of beauty continue to dominate the lives of women, perhaps even more so today than even forty years ago.[10] A sexual double standard among young women and men continues to be in place.[11] And no one could claim that many of the other encompassing goals of the radical and socialist feminist movements of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s – such as for the elimination of racial and class inequality – have been attained.
The question then is why the feminism of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s has advanced so far in some ways and gone nowhere in others. And here again, this is a question for which the wave metaphor supplies little help. Instead, what we need to do is examine the reasons why we are where we are by looking at the very specific contexts of the lives of diverse groups of women. I can't come up with a full answer to this question, but instead let me offer a few reflections.
One of the reasons why 1960s, 1970s and 1980s feminism did generate the kind of mass attention that it did was because a lot of it spoke to the real conflicts many women were experiencing as they were entering the workforce. As I noted earlier, the post World War II period was one of an important change in the gendered nature of the paid labor force. Women had been entering the work force in increasing numbers since the early twentieth century. But prior to World War II, a lot of this labor had been associated with women who were poor, black, single, or childless. After World War II, more married women, more white women, more middle class women, more women with children at home, became part of the paid labor force. Moreover, they were entering jobs that were not as sex stereotyped as those in which most women had been employed before the war. The consequences of these changes were numerous. Among union women, it meant that while older demands such as protective labor legislation were still important, such legislation began to diminish in importance in relation to newer issues such as equal pay for equal work and the elimination of gender segregated seniority lists.[12] Among middle class women, the older ideology that one was either a wife and mother or a career woman began to diminish in favor of the newer ideology that women could be both — a happy wife and mother and a successful contributor to the household economy.[13] The consequence was that in the early 1960s, the ideology of liberal feminism — that women are equal to men, and that women, like men, should be judged as individuals — the very ideology that could not generate a mass following in the 1920s, could now begin to generate such a mass following. And because this understanding of feminism continues to speak to the real concerns of many women, this understanding of feminism continues to flourish in contemporary society.
But, as we know, liberal feminism was only one part of the feminist movement of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Also constituting an important part of this movement was radical feminism. In some respects, the radical feminism of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s also expressed ideas that responded to the conflicts of many. Radical feminism's slogan that "the personal is political" captured the tensions experienced by many women who found themselves subject to older sex role stereotypes within domestic settings as they were also beginning to negotiate a more equal economic arena. In bringing attention to the politics of housework or the phenomenon of domestic abuse, radical feminists were drawing attention to phenomena with which many could identify. In using such terminology as "sex roles," radical feminists were also employing the kind of psychological/sociological language that was becoming more prevalent in ordinary discourse. In all of these respects, radical feminism also has become a part of mainstream America.
But there were aspects of radical feminism that could have been advanced only by a small group of relatively privileged women at a certain point in their lives and that therefore could not be sustained by many over time. The idea that women should separate from men could not appeal to the very large population of American heterosexual women who saw marriage and motherhood as representing some of the best of what life has to offer. And because so many American women have and still do see romantic relationships as central parts of their lives, other aspects of radical feminism also became impossible to implement in a mass way, for example that women should abandon the task of making themselves more beautiful or sexually desirable. These were ideas that young women in small radical enclaves might have adopted at a certain moment in their lives. But looking back now from the perspective of forty years later, it seems unlikely that these kinds of political ideals could have reached many or made themselves part of the general culture in any kind of sustained way.
And if many aspects of radical feminism could speak only to a small segment of the U.S. population, the same is even more true of an even smaller and less influential segment of the feminism of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, its Marxist and socialist wings. The ideals of this part of women's liberation — eliminating racism, sexism, and class inequality — while theoretically understandable given the heady sense of optimism of the time, did not resonate with a significant segment of the U.S. population. This point responds to one of the criticisms that sometimes has been made against women's liberation as well as against the Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s, that both "sold out," were "co-opted," or undermined the left because neither sufficiently advanced an economic agenda that would have pushed this country in a socialist direction. But this kind of criticism blames Black Power and women's liberation for failing to achieve what neither could have achieved given the political climate of the United States in that period. That socialist movements within both movements were always relatively small is only one sign of the fact that America in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s was not ready to make encompassing social structural changes either in terms of economic, racial, or gender relations.[14]
In short, what I am saying is that the feminism of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s achieved and continues to achieve what it has to the extent its message has resonated with the felt needs of many. Certain aspects of those movements that did speak to problems and tensions expressed by many have continued to generate change, often in more extensive and sophisticated ways than was true of the earlier period. Others that were less in tune with the lives and desires of ordinary women and men have fared less well. In short, we are in a period now where the kind of feminism many of us experienced in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s is both flourishing and quiescent. Gender is alive and well as a focus of attention in public discourse and public life even as some of the issues associated with the feminism of the earlier period have retreated from sight. That kind of complexity cannot be captured with the metaphor of a wave.
To be sure, there is one use that the wave metaphor is suited for – to identify those moments in history when issues of gender mobilize large numbers of people in very public, noisy, and challenging ways, that is, when such issues are able to generate large scale social or political movements. We are not in that kind of period, which makes the description of feminist activism today as a "third wave" even more questionable. But if we look back at other periods in U.S. history where that kind of activism was also not present, say, for example, in the period between the 1920s and the 1960s, the lack of such very public activity does not necessarily mean the lack of changes in gender norms and gender ideology. Consequently, younger feminists are correct in claiming that there are possibilities for gender activism today that are different from the forms of activism that flourished in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. We can acknowledge those differences and also acknowledge the connections such activism might have to the activism of the1960s, 1970s, and 1980s without the use of the "wave" metaphor. A more useful way of thinking about these changes as well as other changes in activism over time can be suggested by the metaphor of a kaleidoscope. At any given moment in time, the view in a kaleidoscope is complex, showing distinct colors and patterns. With a turn of the kaleidoscope, some of these colors and patterns become more pronounced, others less so, and new patterns and colors have emerged. This kind of metaphor suggests a better way to think about the changes that have marked the history of gender activism in the United States than does one that likens such changes to an ocean's ebbs and swells.[15]
I would like to thank Gretchen Arnold and Adrienne Davis for their very useful comments on an earlier draft of this essay. I would also like to thank the audience and my fellow co-panelist, Jennifer Baumgardner, for their comments at the New York SWIP meeting in April 2009 where I presented this essay as a talk. I want to thank Nanette Funk, in particular, for organizing this event.
1. An essay that was influential in introducing the phrase "third wave" was Rebecca Walker's "Becoming the Third Wave" in Ms. (January/February 1992) pp. 39-41. The term received further prominence through the publication of Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richard's, Manifesto: Young Women, Feminism and the Future (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000). Several books that were published in the 1990's that also focused on the idea of a next generation of feminism include: Barbara Findlen, ed., Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation (Seattle, Washington: Seal Press, 1995); Rebecca Walker, ed., To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism (N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1995); and Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake, eds., Third Wave Agenda (Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota Press, 1997).
2. Ednie Kaeh Garrison also argues against the wave metaphor in feminist historiography because of its suggestion that feminism represents a unified phenomenon. She suggests replacing the metaphor of an ocean wave with the metaphor of radio waves in part because of the plurality that the latter metaphor suggests. See Edna Kaeh Garrison, "Are We On a Wavelength Yet? On Feminist Oceanography, Radios and Third Wave Feminism," pp. 237-256 in Jo Reger, ed., Different Wavelengths: Studies of the Contemporary Women's Movement (New York and London: Routledge, 2005).
3. Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987). For this last quote see p. 15.
4. I elaborate this argument in Linda Nicholson, Identity Before Identity Politics (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 142-161.
5. Dorothy Sue Cobble, The Other Women's Movement: Workplace Justice and Social Rights in Modern America (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004). See also, Leila J. Rupp and Verta Taylor, Survival in the Doldrums: The American Women's Rights Movement, 1945 to the 1960s (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987).
6. Catherine Wessinger, ed., Religious Institutions and Women's Leadership: New Roles Inside the Mainstream (Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1996).
7. Scott Smallwood, "American Women Surpass Men in Earning Doctorates," The Chronicle of Higher Education, December 12, 2003, in "The Faculty" p. 10.
8. By the mid 1990s, men were still doing only about a third of the housework. However, this contribution represented a doubling of their share from the mid 1960s. Suzanne M. Bianci, Melissa A. Milkie, Liana C. Sayer and John P. Robinson, "Is Anyone Doing the Housework – Trends in the Gender Division of Household Labor," pp. 191-228 in Social Forces, September 2000, 79 (1): 191.
9. See here.
10. Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991). This book, published in the early 1990s, shows the continuance of rigid beauty standards even twenty years following the emergence of radical feminism. Eighteen years later, there is no evidence that the power of beauty standards has diminished.
11. I base this claim upon reports from my undergraduates at Washington University in St. Louis.
12. Dennis A. Deslippe, "Rights, Not Roses," Unions and the Rise of Working-Class Feminism (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 32.
13. Joanne Meyerowitz, "Beyond the Feminine Mystique," pp. 229-262 in Joanne Meyerowitz, ed. Not June Cleaver: Women and Gender in Postwar America, 1945-1960 (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1994). See particularly, p. 231.
14. Adolph L. Reed Jr., "Black Particularity Reconsidered," in Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Is It Nation Time: Contemporary Essays on Black Power and Black Nationalism," pp. 39-66 talks about the ways in which Black Power deviated from what was possible in the 1960s and in this sense "sold out" the left. Nancy Fraser talks about the cooptation of feminism within the context of an emerging neo-liberalism in Nancy Fraser, "Feminism, Capitalism and the Cunning of History," pp. 97-117 in New Left Review, 56, March/April 2009. Richard Rorty makes a similar argument about the wrong turn taken by the identity political movements of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s in Richard Rorty Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought in Twentieth Century America (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1998). I've responded to Rorty's argument in a more elaborated form than I have done here in pp. 575-579 of a review I did of Achieving Our County in Constellations, Volume 5, No. 4, December 1989. I've responded to Reed's position in Linda Nicholson, Identity Before Identity Politics, pp. 177-181.
15. It is not clear that all those who have expressed the idea of a "third wave" require the use of this metaphorical phrase. Their point seems to be more importantly that there exists a younger generation of feminists whose politics both are similar and different from those of an earlier generation of activists. The lack of need for this particular metaphor is illustrated by Rebecca Walker in a 2004 introduction to the volume The Fire This Time: Young Activists and the New Feminism, eds., Vivien Labaton and Dawn Lundy Martin ((N.Y.: Anchor, 2004). In this introduction Walker states: "To notice the next wave of feminism (or however one chooses to label it)…." p. xxx. My sense is that an even younger generation of activists than the one of Walker and her fellow activists will make the use of the wave metaphor even less attractive. People will recognize the silliness of trying to fit each generation's activism within a series of numerically numbered "waves."
Posted January 11, 2010 Gender & Gender Politics, Special Section: Women's Issues, United States by newpolitics
Linda Nicholson is the Susan E. and William P. Stiritz Distinguished Professor of Women's Studies and Professor of History at Washington University in St. Louis. She is the author of Identity Before Identity Politics (Cambridge, 2008); The Play of Reason: From the Modern to the Postmodern (Cornell, 1998); Gender and History: The Limits of Social Theory in the Age of the Family (Columbia, 1986); editor of The Second Wave: Readings in Feminist Theory (Routledge, 1997); Feminism/Postmodernism (Routledge, 1990); and coeditor (with Steven Seidman) of Social Postmodernism (Cambridge, 1995). She has edited the book series Thinking Gender with Routledge Press.
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El mar proceloso del feminismo: ¿En qué ola estamos? – Economia Femini(s)ta says:
[…] en una misma tradición de lucha por el acceso a derechos. Algunas feministas estadounidenses, como la historiadora Linda Nicholson, consideran que esa metáfora ha sobrevivido a su real utilidad, dado que si bien tenía sentido en […]


Most people would not recommend their real estate agent or even re-use him/her ever again. Why?
Well, on this episode of the Dynasty Leadership Podcast, Marty Siegel of Coldwell Banker Burnet in Minneapolis has been in the real estate industry for 28 years and 90% of his leads come from referrals, repeat customers, and children of those customers. What is the secret to his success?
[1:45] 90% of Marty's leads come from referrals.
[3:25] How many times does Marty reach out to his clients (who have already bought a home from him) in a year? Marty says at least 24 times.
[4:15] Keep in mind, Marty hates answering the phone.
[8:00] How did Marty get started in his career?
[10:00] Since Marty didn't have a mailing list, he went door-to-door and spoke with his target market directly.
[12:25] So, how does Marty reach out to each one of his clients 24 times a year?
[13:25] The children of Marty's clients are now calling Marty to help them buy a home.
[16:40] Marty believes in doing the right thing. He doesn't feel comfortable selling a troubled married couple a home.
[18:10] Marty has a Christmas event every year that he invites his clients to. He discusses what the 'Trees for Toys' event is about.
[21:35] Why did Marty leave the company that give him his first real estate job?
[25:30] How did Marty convince his new boss at Coldwell Banker to host a 'Trees for Toys' event?
[27:40] Despite making 24 contacts a year with his clients, Marty never asks them for business.
[27:45] Last year, Marty's event donated 9,000 toys for Toys for Tots.
[31:25] On average, Marty reaches out to his clients around 24 times a year, but that number may increase depending on the amount of children each client has. Without fail, Marty sends a birthday card to each of his client's children every year.
[31:50] The fact that Marty is consistent every year with his connections is what blows people away.
[32:15] Marty has been so successful at what he does, he now puts on seminars for other agents.
[40:10] Marty shares why he got into real estate.
[42:10] What does Marty think about social media?
[49:25] Remember, attracting valuable clients does not have to be expensive.


text:
Q: Don't send invites to attendees I'm utilizing the CalendarContract provider like I should do and everything is working fine (even on android 2.3). Only I was wondering if the following is possible:
When I create a new event and add several attendees, all those attendees get an e-mail invitation like I expect them to.
Now when I update this same event's start date, all of these attendees receive another e-mail that the event is modified. Which is okay.But I would like the user to specify if the modification should send a notification to all of the attendees, like google calandar does:

is this possible at all, and so; maybe some pointers


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Home » Dogs » Training » What Type of Dogs Bite the Most?
What Type of Dogs Bite the Most?
Although dogs generally really are man's (and woman's) best friend, they can still be dangerous. Too often we forget that are family pet has the potential to inflict serious injury on us, our children, our friends, or our neighbors. Thankfully, we can reduce these risks through proper training and socialization but it's also useful to know what type of dogs bite the most, especially when considering which breed to bring into your home.
The Dangers of Dog Bites
Dog bites can range in severity from a small knick that tears the skin to a fatal mauling. While dogs should never bite people, the incidents most people are concerned with are the ones that do significant damage to the victim. They may be sent to the hospital, need reconstructive surgery, or worse.
The list below is based on data compiled from dog bite accounts reported in the press between 1982 and 2006 in the United States and Canada by Merritt Clifton, editor of Anima People, a non-profit website that promotes awareness of animal issues around the globe. Press reports focus on serious dog bites, so the statistics include only attacks that caused serious injuries requiring medical attention. Also, Clifton left out reports including dogs without a known breed. The statistics included a total of 2,209 incidents.
10. Labradors – 26 cases
Most of us would not think of Labradors as dangerous, yet they were involved in more than two dozen serious biting incidents. In one reported case, however, the attacking dog had rabies which might explain his aggressive behavior.
9. Presa Canario – 30 cases
These Mastiff-like dogs originated in the Canary Islands and have slowly been emerging in other parts of the world, although they are banned in Australia. The breed is considered rare which is important to mention when comparing its number of attacks with other breeds on the list. If they were as common as Labradors, for example, they may have ended up at a higher spot.
8. German Shepherd mixes and Boxers – 31 cases
Both of these powerful dogs are more common than the Presa Canario, plus they are often used for protection. Mixed versions of German Shepherds may also include other breeds with tendencies towards aggression.
7. Huskies and Pit Bull/Rottweiler mixes – 39 cases
Pit Bull/Rottweiler mixes can be a dangerous combination because the resulting dog is extremely powerful and usually large. If it attacks, it is going to do significant damage to the victim. Huskies do maintain a lot of their wolf-like ancestry which can make them difficult to control.
6. Akita – 48 cases
The Akita is powerful and that's why its bites land so many of its victims in the hospital. Combine that power with a tendency towards territorial behavior, and you can see why some countries have banned the breed altogether. Interestingly, this dog is also not good with other dogs.
5. Chow – 49 cases
Chows who have been well-trained and well-socialized do not have a tendency towards aggression, but they can be a bit protective of their environment. Although they look like big teddy bears, this breed has been known to cause serious damage to humans as a result of bites.
4. German Shepherds – 63 cases
Higher in the list, we saw German Shepherd mixes so it's not surprising that the purebred version should be closer to the top. Despite appearances, most German Shepherd attacks are a result of attack training and not an aggressive streak within the breed.
3. Wolf Hybrids – 71 cases
Although not technically a dog, wolf hybrids are a type of mixed breed animal often kept as a pet. As the name suggests, they are created by mating a wolf with some type of dog, usually Nordic breeds (including Huskies). While the number of these dogs kept as pets is relatively small, they are responsible for a significant number of serious attacks against humans.
2. Rottweilers – 409 cases
The Rottweiler accounts for about one-fifth of all the attacks included in the study. Part of their ranking has to do with the popularity of the dog but its use for protection plays a role. These dogs are powerful so their bite will do a lot more damage than a Labrador.
1. Pit Bulls – 1,110 cases
The top spot goes, of course, to the pit bull which has a reputation for being dangerous and aggressive. This breed accounted for almost half of all the serious dog attacks that showed up in the media during that 14 year period. While some people blame the breed itself, some pit bulls are loyal, well-behaved, and gentle. However, if they decide to attack, their bite is extremely powerful, and they do not let go easily thus making the situation dangerous.
Other Dog Bite Studies
While the list above is a good guideline regarding serious dog bites, Clifton's study didn't provide a definitive answer. Media coverage of dog attacks does not necessarily include every attack so certain dogs, such as the pit bull, may find themselves in the spotlight more often just because the phrase "pit bull attack" sells papers. The CDC conducted a similar media study of dog bite fatalities between 1979 and 1998. They found Pit Bulls and Rottweilers were responsible in more than half of those deaths. A 1991 study published in Pediatrics looked at the breeds responsible for dog bites in Denver County, Colorado specifically and found that Chows and German Shepherds were the most frequent culprits with the Akita and collies also being responsible for a few bites. Pit bulls did not appear in the study because they had already been banned from the county.
Clearly some of the same breeds keep topping the lists, but these dogs are also the ones most likely to cause serious damage from a bite so their attacks are also the ones most likely to be reported. Of course, if you're a parent considering what breed to bring into your home you might feel more comfortable with a dog whose bite is weaker, such as the Labrador (125 pounds of force), instead of stronger like the Rottweiler (up to 328 pounds of force).
Any dog can bite if provoked. However, people ask what type of dogs bite the most because it's clear that some breeds either bite more frequently or, at least, cause more damage from those bites than others. Based on the studies, pit bulls, Rottweilers, German Shepherds, and Chows tend to opt the lists. That doesn't mean these are bad breeds, but it does mean their owners need to take extra precautions to ensure they are socialized, trained, and properly contained so they do not become a threat to the people around them.
Caring for a Pregnant Dog
Excessive Grooming and Cats
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A decade ago, I embarked on my PhD training in translational medicine using stem cells as therapeutic agents. Recent and rapid advances in the field encouraged me to participate in the 13th Annual International Cord Blood Symposium (ICBS) roundtable discussion earlier this year, organized by Cord Blood Registry®, the world's largest private newborn stem cell bank. There, I had the fortuitous opportunity to interact with some of the top global leaders in the cord blood and regenerative medicine space. These experiences not only enlightened me as to the existing body of knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of newborn stem cells, but also got me thinking about why we as scientists should consider an Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) bank as a potential untapped source of samples for our research and clinical trials.
Following the first successful stem cell transplant in 1988, which was performed on a child suffering from Fanconi's anemia , UCB transplantation gained popularity amongst clinicians and scientists. Since then, UCB banking has continued growing as an industry, to fulfill medical needs and to keep up with consumer demand. These dedicated facilities play a pivotal role in safely securing high quality UCB units, many of which are already being collected in accordance with federal regulatory standards. Their main aim is to provide a better product when required for clinical utility. Just over a decade ago there were only 23 active cord blood banks in existence; now there are 485 cord blood banks worldwide.  So far, according to a recent publication in Cytotherapy this year, more than 35,000 UCB transplantations have been performed in the treatment of certain malignant and non-malignant diseases worldwide .
To date, the vast majority of transplantations that have been performed involved unrelated allogeneic donor cord blood. However, autologous stem cell transplants--where the transplanted cells are from the patient's own cord blood--show great potential for regenerative medicine. Autologous stem cell transplantation eliminates the need for donor matching and therefore poses no risk of patient rejection.
The cord blood industry is an expanding field and is gaining in popularity. Related biomedical fields, such as gene editing, were initially over-hyped as the breakthrough technology of the future, yet slow to be adopted by the somewhat skeptical scientific and medical community. After an initial bumpy start, these emerging fields are truly starting to deliver and be adopted by the mainstream. The field of gene editing, and its use of CRISPR technology, is a great example. Back when CRISPR was first discovered, there was a great deal of concern and reservation about adopting this groundbreaking methodology. However, in recent years CRISPR technology has become widely accepted by biologists as a search-and-replace tool to alter DNA, correcting down to a single base in the code. It is now considered a promising new approach for gene editing without affecting germ cells in people with devastating illnesses [4,5]. Similarly, based on the tremendous therapeutic potential and initial pre-clinical success of cord blood stem cells, scientists are optimistic that UCB stem cells will be able to deliver new treatment modalities for many medical conditions in the next few years.
Currently, several FDA-regulated clinical trials using stem cells derived from UCB are underway in an attempt to find a treatment for such diseases as autism, pediatric stroke and cerebral palsy, etc.
Promising preliminary results have paved the way for these trials to move into Phase II studies. For example researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, in collaboration with Cord Blood Registry, are commencing phase 2 of an innovative FDA-regulated clinical trial to investigate stem cell therapy in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of an intravenous infusion of either banked cord blood or freshly harvested bone marrow .
Stem cell research is continuously evolving and umbilical cord blood banking will likely become more effective as cell-based technologies advance in the near future. However there are some technical challenges that the industry faces, and scientists are working hard to resolve them. One of the critical factors that can significantly influence and delay UCB engraftment is the limited number of stem cells present in a single UCB collection. Utilization of cord blood units that fail to meet cell dose guidelines established for transplant medicine can lead to graft failure and delayed engraftment kinetics in recipients. Therefore, it is an absolute priority and a real challenge to develop an efficient protocol for UCB cell expansion. In the last two decades, multiple strategies have been evolved such as optimization of cytokine cocktails, co-culture systems, small molecules, and expression of specific self-renewal related genes to improve the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell and HSC-progenitor cell expansion protocols. The ultimate focus is to increase the cell dose of a UCB graft.
Another technology, the ability to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), has changed the direction of stem cell research around the world and may represent a potential cell source for future personalized medicine. Cord blood banks provide an ideal source of cells for such an endeavor because they contain large numbers of well-documented cell populations. In addition, UCB cells are derived from a juvenescent source and are less likely to contain potentially deleterious mutations than cells derived from adult tissues.
Early lab studies have demonstrated that UCB stem cells could be considered a promising source from which to generate iPSCs. Such UCB-derived stem cells could then be used to treat a wide variety of diseases including metabolic disease, genetic disease, congenital malformation and also, in wider application, many of the various injuries suffered with the onset of degenerative disease .
Therapeutic potential and initial clinical successes of UCB stem cell-based therapies has encouraged clinicians to launch a number of clinical trials in the past decade. Today, cord blood has been used in the treatment of more than 80 diseases and in the future, that number may grow. Laboratory/preclinical research results have shown that cord blood stem cells may also serve as a viable medical tool to help repair injured tissues or organs. It is clearly an emerging field that stands at the juncture of a variety of rapidly developing scientific disciplines and I am very excited and intrigued to be a part of this and see how this field unfolds.
 Gluckman E1, Broxmeyer HA, Auerbach AD, Friedman HS, Douglas GW, Devergie A, Esperou H, Thierry D, Socie G, Lehn P, et al. Hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient with Fanconi's anemia by means of umbilical-cord blood from an HLA-identical sibling. N Engl J Med. 1989;321(17):1174-8.
 Bioinformant: Biotechnology. Capitalizing on Opportunities in Cord Blood Industry Growth. Online publication Nov. 2013.
 Aldenhoven M1, Kurtzberg J2. Cord blood is the optimal graft source for the treatment of pediatric patients with lysosomal storage diseases: clinical outcomes and future directions. Cytotherapy. 2015 Jun;17(6):765-74.
 Baltimore et al., A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification. Science 2015; 348 (6230): 36-38.
 Miler et al., Germline gene therapy: We're ready. Science 2015; 348 (6241): 1325.
 Zhou H et al., Rapid and Efficient Generation of Transgene-Free iPSC from a Small Volume of Cryopreserved Blood. Stem Cell Rev. 2015 Aug;11(4):652-65.


Topic please let me know the complete procedure of receiving money.
please let me know the complete procedure of receiving money.
I have ordered my payment request from payoneer, payoneeer sent me email that I will receive money in my account within 3-4 business days but I am not sure why am I not receiving money in my local bank?
Why am I not receiving money in my bank account? Its been more than 4 business days but I couldn't receive money from my bank, I was supposed to receive two payments since 5th June? Please let me know if I am skipping any part of procedure.


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The unit of account of the bitcoin system is a bitcoin. Ticker symbols used to represent bitcoin are BTC[b] and XBT.[c][76]:2 Its Unicode character is ₿.[1] Small amounts of bitcoin used as alternative units are millibitcoin (mBTC), and satoshi (sat). Named in homage to bitcoin's creator, a satoshi is the smallest amount within bitcoin representing 0.00000001 bitcoins, one hundred millionth of a bitcoin.[2] A millibitcoin equals 0.001 bitcoins; one thousandth of a bitcoin or 100,000 satoshis.[77]
While it's still early days, Mist, MetaMask and a variety of other browsers look set to make blockchain-based applications accessible to more people than ever before. Even people without a technical background can now potentially build blockchain apps. This is a revolutionary leap for blockchain technology that could bring decentralized applications into the mainstream.
Bitcoin prices were negatively affected by several hacks or thefts from cryptocurrency exchanges, including thefts from Coincheck in January 2018, Coinrail and Bithumb in June, and Bancor in July. For the first six months of 2018, $761 million worth of cryptocurrencies was reported stolen from exchanges.[68] Bitcoin's price was affected even though other cryptocurrencies were stolen at Coinrail and Bancor as investors worried about the security of cryptocurrency exchanges.[69][70][71]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Joshua A. Kroll; Ian C. Davey; Edward W. Felten (11–12 June 2013). "The Economics of Bitcoin Mining, or Bitcoin in the Presence of Adversaries" (PDF). The Twelfth Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS 2013). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016. A transaction fee is like a tip or gratuity left for the miner.
Ether is a token whose blockchain is generated by the Ethereum platform. Ether can be transferred between accounts and used to compensate participant mining nodes for computations performed.[3] Ethereum provides a decentralized virtual machine, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which can execute scripts using an international network of public nodes.[4] The virtual machine's instruction set, in contrast to others like Bitcoin Script, is thought to be Turing-complete. "Gas", an internal transaction pricing mechanism, is used to mitigate spam and allocate resources on the network.[4]
Despite the fallout from The DAO hack, Ethereum is moving forward and looking to a bright future. By providing a user-friendly platform that enables people to harness the power of blockchain technology, Ethereum is speeding up the decentralization of the world economy. Decentralized applications have the potential to profoundly disrupt hundreds of industries including finance, real estate, academia, insurance, healthcare and the public sector amongst many others.
Lightweight clients consult full clients to send and receive transactions without requiring a local copy of the entire blockchain (see simplified payment verification – SPV). This makes lightweight clients much faster to set up and allows them to be used on low-power, low-bandwidth devices such as smartphones. When using a lightweight wallet, however, the user must trust the server to a certain degree, as it can report faulty values back to the user. Lightweight clients follow the longest blockchain and do not ensure it is valid, requiring trust in miners.[101]
A wallet stores the information necessary to transact bitcoins. While wallets are often described as a place to hold[98] or store bitcoins, due to the nature of the system, bitcoins are inseparable from the blockchain transaction ledger. A wallet is more correctly defined as something that "stores the digital credentials for your bitcoin holdings" and allows one to access (and spend) them.[7]:ch. 1, glossary Bitcoin uses public-key cryptography, in which two cryptographic keys, one public and one private, are generated.[99] At its most basic, a wallet is a collection of these keys.
The first decentralized cryptocurrency, bitcoin, was created in 2009 by pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto. It used SHA-256, a cryptographic hash function, as its proof-of-work scheme.[14][15] In April 2011, Namecoin was created as an attempt at forming a decentralized DNS, which would make internet censorship very difficult. Soon after, in October 2011, Litecoin was released. It was the first successful cryptocurrency to use scrypt as its hash function instead of SHA-256. Another notable cryptocurrency, Peercoin was the first to use a proof-of-work/proof-of-stake hybrid.[16]
In 2016 a decentralized autonomous organization called The DAO, a set of smart contracts developed on the platform, raised a record US$150 million in a crowdsale to fund the project.[25] The DAO was exploited in June when US$50 million in ether were taken by an unknown hacker.[26][27] The event sparked a debate in the crypto-community about whether Ethereum should perform a contentious "hard fork" to reappropriate the affected funds.[28] As a result of the dispute, the network split in two. Ethereum (the subject of this article) continued on the forked blockchain, while Ethereum Classic continued on the original blockchain.[29] The hard fork created a rivalry between the two networks.
While another less aggressive soft fork solution was put forth, the Ethereum community and its founders were placed in a perilous position. If they didn't retrieve the stolen investor money, confidence in Ethereum could be lost. On the other hand, recovering investor money required actions that went against the core ideas of decentralization and set a dangerous precedent.
A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency designed to work as a medium of exchange. It uses cryptography to secure and verify transactions as well as to control the creation of new units of a particular cryptocurrency. Essentially, cryptocurrencies are limited entries in a database that no one can change unless specific conditions are fulfilled.
Cryptocurrencies are digital gold. Sound money that is secure from political influence. Money that promises to preserve and increase its value over time. Cryptocurrencies are also a fast and comfortable means of payment with a worldwide scope, and they are private and anonymous enough to serve as a means of payment for black markets and any other outlawed economic activity.
^ "Crib Sheet: Neptune's Brood – Charlie's Diary". www.antipope.org. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017. I wrote Neptune's Brood in 2011. Bitcoin was obscure back then, and I figured had just enough name recognition to be a useful term for an interstellar currency: it'd clue people in that it was a networked digital currency.
"A DAO consists of one or more contracts and could be funded by a group of like-minded individuals. A DAO operates completely transparently and completely independently of any human intervention, including its original creators. A DAO will stay on the network as long as it covers its survival costs and provides a useful service to its customer base" Stephen Tual, Slock.it Founder, former CCO Ethereum.
On 21 November 2017, the Tether cryptocurrency announced they were hacked, losing $31 million in USDT from their primary wallet.[71] The company has 'tagged' the stolen currency, hoping to 'lock' them in the hacker's wallet (making them unspendable). Tether indicates that it is building a new core for its primary wallet in response to the attack in order to prevent the stolen coins from being used.
As of November 2017, Bitcoin and other digital currencies are outlawed only in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ecuador, Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam, with China and Russia being on the verge of banning them as well. Other jurisdictions, however, do not make the usage of cryptocurrencies illegal as of yet, but the laws and regulations can vary drastically depending on the country.
Bloomberg reported that the largest 17 crypto merchant-processing services handled $69 million in June 2018, down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is "not actually usable" for retail transactions because of high costs and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher quoted by Bloomberg. High price volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases with bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer. However, bitcoin continues to be used for large-item purchases on sites such as Overstock.com, and for cross-border payments to freelancers and other vendors.[149]
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RESOURCESOVERVIEWTERMINOLOGYREADING LISTIMPORTANT DATES
BLOGMEDIASTOREEVENTSJOIN the movement
Songs of Protest
#HeartBeatsHate
Music is powerful. Many people can associate a memory with a song. In fact, in many circumstances we use songs to help solidify a memory (e.g. first dance at weddings). In this lesson, music will be used to help students learn more about cultures and attitudes by analyzing a song of protest. Great background reading: The history of American protest music, from Yankee Doodle to Kendrick Lamar
Play a song of protest (e.g. Green Day's American Idiot, John Lennon's Imagine, Childish Gambino's This is America, No Doubt's I'm Just a Girl). Ask students: Have you heard this song before? Have you ever thought about what it is about? With this project we're going to look at protest music.
1. Ask students/youth:
Why do you listen to music?
How does it make you feel?
Do you listen to different types of music for different reasons? (e.g. studying versus getting ready for a game)
2. Over the years, protest music has evolved from uniting people towards a common purpose to social commentary on polarizing issues.
3. In groups, you will select a protest song to examine (must be approved by the teacher). You will then complete the protest song worksheet and prepare a presentation to the class.
Song of Protest Worksheet
Song Name:
Issue it covers:
How do you feel when listening to this song?
What is this song saying about the issue?
Why is this song important?
If there is an official video, how does this help illustrate the message?
Song of Protest Presentation
Students create a presentation on their song that includes
Recording and lyrics (radio edits)
Reflections from their worksheet
Victoria Ford
Victoria thinks the world could do with a lot more heart. Her goal? To encourage others to stand up, speak out and push back against hatred.
Music is powerful. Many people can associate a memory with a song. In fact, in many circumstances we use songs to help solidify a memory (e.g. first dance at weddings). In this lesson, music will be used to help students learn more about cultures and attitudes by analyzing a song of protest.
HeartBeatsHate exists as an antidote to hatred. We stand in radical defiance of racism and bigotry. We're here to help others learn a better way forward. We're building a brighter future for all. And we're doing it with one simple message: love. Because love is greater than hate. And only HeartBeatsHate.
Website made with love by Chase Denomme
© HeartBeatsHate 2019. All rights reserved.


* Sherlock: If the cup is real I will return it to the Hockey Hall of Fame with all haste, if not then Clyde has a new wading pool.
* Sherlock: It's statistics Watson. It's not that they fail more, it's that they don't try.
* Joan: Do I think she's a honey trap? No.
* Sherlock: I know how I'd escape, I've found 11 different ways. What I can't determine is how she escaped.
* Sherlock (to Bell): You deserve more… The great love of my life is a homicidal maniac. No one's perfect.
* Bell: I don't know which is weirder: that I'm spending Friday night with you or that that's the real Stanley Cup.
* Bell: You honestly think I'm lonelier than you?
Sherlock: By a factor of 10.
* Sherlock: You're the most dedicated police detective I know. It takes it's toll.
Synopsis: Joan goes into her bathroom to take a shower and finds the Stanley Cup in her bathtub. At the Subway station, two guys harass man, turns out he's been stabbed. They call for help. Bell comes out of a club with his lady friend. His night is interrupted by a phone call, hers not his. As she gets in a cab, his phone rings. Bell, Sherlock and Joan all go to the crime scene. The dead man is a judge. Bell's girlfriend is covering the case too. She is skeptical of Sherlock. He thinks it's a lover's quarrel gone wrong. They bring his "girlfriend" for questioning. She gives them an alibi. Bell comes in and got a hit on the prints. It's someone that Vaughn put behind bars. She escaped from prison two days ago. They visit the prison. Sherlock is not impressed with the security there. The security guard wasn't surprised that she managed to escape since they are short staffed. Bell and Waston look at her cell. Joan asks about Det. Scott and gives her approval. They get a new name, Jeff. Joan figures out it's a lawyer who helps prisoners. Joan drops a hint about Scott, but Sherlock says she's Internal Affairs. Joan tells him that she's seeing Bell. She feels the need to tell Bell. The wife of the security guard gets weird texts from him. He's been killed in a parking lot. They all meet with Gregson and bring him up to speed. Bell and Joan meet with Jeff the lawyer. He tells them about some of the things they have to do in prison and how unsafe some of those tasks are. He tells them he didn't' help her break out, he filed a motion to get her released. They head to the courthouse and Joan tells Bell about Det. Scott on the drive. She tells him she does work for Internal Affairs Bureau. They get into a little fight over bad cops. He ends it with her. At the brownstone, Sherlock is going over the prison layout. He's determined 11 different ways to escape, but cannot figure out how she did it. Joan tells her what they learned form Jeff. Her job change was forced on her and she was not happy about it. The screwdriver used to murder the judge came from the prison. The material are sorted into hazard and non hazardous materials. They go through the bins and Sherlock finds her body in one of them. She was killed a day before the judge was. The four meet and everyone is brought up to speed. They do a deep background check on the security guard and find some red flags. He tells them if they come back with a subpoena he can provide all the information they need. He agrees to let them look at the files but nothing can be taken. McCann was doing favors for members of the Russian mob, and that's why he was fired. They discuss Det. Scott. Sherlock is worried that he thinks he's causing people around him to be alone. He actually pays Bell a compliment. Another update is given to Gregson. The New Jersey Governer's race is brought up. It could be the reason for this string of murders. It might be about prison contracts. The company that owned the prison that Nikki was in was owned by a certain company. It turns out now that McCann's old boss will now get the contract for a new prison. Sherlock shows him a picture of him at the fundraiser. They lay out the evidence against him and arrest him. Bell meets Det. Scott outside her precinct. He wants a do over. He over-reacted. She makes a few strong points and informs him she's transferring to ISB full time. She leaves the door open though. Bell goes to the brownstone. He's playing cards with Sherlock. Sherlock shows him the real cup and that the NHL will be picking it up shortly.


text:
Franquia és un centre poblat de l'Uruguai, ubicat al nord-oest del departament d'Artigas. Limita a l'oest amb l'Argentina i a l'est amb el Brasil.

Es troba a 29 metres sobre el nivell del mar. Té una població aproximada de 396 habitants.

Referències

Poblacions d'Artigas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Why US Hemp is The Best In the World - Especially Hemp from Kentucky!
Especially, Kentucky Hemp!
Medterra supplies premium hemp-derived CBD products to customers all over the world.
So, why do we source everything from US hemp, instead of keeping things local? Why not supply our UK customers with UK-grown hemp...our Japanese customers with Japan-grown hemp, etc...?
It turns out that US hemp has several advantages over what's being grown in other areas. Keep reading to learn why.
America has been growing hemp forever
Kentucky's climate = hemp bliss
Kentucky hemp: the comeback!
Hemp...industrial, or not?
American and hemp go way, way back. Hemp has been grown in America since its founding in 1776, and it's likely that uncultivated hemp grew throughout the Country for many years before that. French explorer Jacques Cartier documented this scene upon his arrival in North America circa 1540:
"The land groweth full of hempe which groweth of itselfe, which is as good as possibly may be scene, and as strong"
Fast forward to the late 1700's, and America was brand new, with an equally new economy strengthened by its agriculture and upheld by its farmers. Hemp was integral to this progress, and acknowledged as such a valuable cash crop that its cultivation in some areas was legally mandated. Even George Washington showed full support, famously declaring, "make the most you can of the Indian Hemp seed and sow it everywhere."
Things began to shift by the 1930's, however. Conflicts with other big business meant that the entire cannabis family, including hemp, fell victim to smear campaigns and fear tactics.
While hemp's prohibition was tolerated, it wasn't exactly taken well. Medical boards protested. Farmers and botanists did, too. Kentucky, which had been growing hemp for as long as the US had been around, was especially hard hit. (More on Kentuckian hemp next.)
Seemingly all of a sudden, the hemp plant and its benefits were forgotten about. Things got even worse with the passing of 1971's Controlled Substances Act, which rather blindly grouped hemp into the same category as LSD and heroin. [2]
By the '90s, though, things were finally starting to turn around. The human Endocannabinoid System had just been discovered, giving scientific credence back to the cannabis plant and creating a renewed interest in its cultivation.
Kentucky, once a mecca of hemp growing, began in 1994 to once again look seriously at the plant's potential. The tide was turning, but it would be several more decades before sweeping legal changes were made. Take a look at the history of hemp in Kentucky and it becomes obvious that this resurgence is only fitting.
While hemp has been grown throughout America for hundreds of years, there's one US region where the plant really shines: Kentucky.
Hemp is Kentucky's oldest crop. In fact, hemp cultivation transcends the age of Kentucky itself. You'd have to go all the way back to the year 1775 to really get to the bottom of things; that's when the soon-to-be-State's first hemp crop was planted. [3]
Indeed, Kentucky's land has been prized for its farmability since the dawn of America. The first plant to be farmed? Hemp, of course, which was also a favorite cultivar of George Washington and other founding fathers. The area's rich soil and pleasant weather inspired pioneer John Filson to mention hemp in his 1784 novel "Kentucky and the Adventures of Col. Daniel Boone". [4]
Soon enough Kentucky was exporting, not importing, hemp and its derivatives to other parts of the Country. The bluegrass region was eventually identified as prime territory for hemp, the best of the best when it came to growing conditions.
Production grew in tandem with Kentucky society through the turn of the 19th century. Thanks to hemp the State's early settlements evolved into genuinely bustling communities, replete with estates, large homes, and primitive factories.
Before too long early farmers found themselves with a surplus of hemp...so they had to get creative! Hemp-derived rope soon became a thriving industry of its own. Thriving enough for Kentucky senator Henry Clay to champion the cause, at least.
In an 1810 speech Clay pushed the US Navy to use hemp riggings on their ships, a debatable topic that made national news. In retrospect, the senator's passion for hemp (and its business potential!) can be credited with shaping some of America's earliest trade and tariff policies.
Fast forward to 1878, when the State's first industrial-scale hemp processing center was launched by the Kentucky River Mills Company. This company was ingenious enough to harness waterpower in the production of hemp-derived products like fibrous twine.
According to the Frank Magazine, the scale of this company was unlike anything that had come before it. "[By] the 1880s, more than 100 workers softened the hemp, broke the stalks, carded and straightened the fibers, and then spun them into twine for binding grain." [5]
Sources from the same time period ascribe monumental three-quarters of the entire U.S.'s hemp fiber generation to Kentucky. Production finally maxed out in 1917, when 18,000 acres of hemp were grown (mostly in the Bluegrass region) by Kentuckian farmers. If that can't be called a golden age, we don't know what can.
Things were humming along nicely until cannabis-phobia swept the nation in the mid-1920s. Led by questionable government characters with even more questionable motives, the prohibition of cannabis saw hemp dragged down along with it.
Competition from cash crops like tobacco made hemp's situation even worse. Even when hemp-derived products were needed, they could be had for a fraction of the cost if imported from Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe. The Kentucky River Mills Co., once booming, noted steep declines in business and was forced to downsize.
It was 1937's Marihuana Tax Act that finally put an end to both cannabis and hemp cultivation, if only for a little while. In hindsight many historians argue that the Act's real purpose was to protect the interest of the lumber industry. Indeed, its passing into law happened just as hemp production was getting more efficient thanks to decorticator machines. [6]
Now that the floodgates are open, investor money is pouring in. According to GenCanna's Steve Bevin, "The first best place for hemp in the U.S. is clearly Kentucky. [...] Our high-CBD hemp can be a renaissance for a lot of Kentucky farmers." [7]
If legal changes marked the end of Kentucky's hemp scene, they also allowed for its comeback. In 2014 a new Federal Farm Bill made provisions for hemp cultivation by specific groups, like universities and their researchers.
By 2016, 3 States had achieved growth of 100 + acres of hemp, Kentucky at the forefront. The Bluegrass State did even better in 2017, growing an impressive 3,200 acres of low THC, high CBD hemp. Kentucky remains at the very forefront of hemp cultivation to this day. It's arguably the second-best place in the world for growing cannabis Sativa, bested only by Jamaica.
Here's the primary reason why US-grown hemp is the world's best: it might be called "industrial hemp," but there's nothing industrial about it.
In other words, most US-grown hemp is cultivated specifically for its CBD, THC, and terpene content. And more and more US growers have begun to branch out and grow hemp for formerly-rare cannabinoids like CBG, CBN, etc.
While Europe's history with hemp goes back farther than America's does, EU hemp tends to actually live up to the 'industrial' term. Most of it is grown for animal feed, fiber, or building materials. Making matters even more challenging, most European hemp has been subject to a 0.2% THC limit for most of its history (compared to 0.3% in America and 1.0% in Switzerland).
It's hard to grow resinous, CBD-rich hemp within the confines of such a low THC limit. Most European farmers, researchers, and scientists have reacted by growing high-fiber or high-seed hemp varieties. While the EU has recently upped their hemp THC limit to a more standard 0.3%, industry experts say it could take a while for the region's hemp to catch up.
Why US Hemp is better: summing things up
Hemp cultivation in the US has historically pushed beyond industrial use only, thereby creating the need for federal and private quality standards and certifications.
Despite regulatory hurdles on both sides of the Atlantic, existing regulations in the US have allowed for the technological advancement of CBD, both in commercial and pharmaceutical uses (re Epidiolex).
If you'd like to learn more about what makes hemp premium (or not-so-premium), check out our online CBD learning center
And if you've read enough and are feeling ready to buy, check out our online CBD shop, where you can shop for products according to either their type or their purported health benefits.
The People's History. (2000). MIT. mit.edu
Wikipedia contributors. (2021e, August 26). Controlled Substances Act. Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/...
History of Hemp in Kentucky. (2017). Wayback Machine. archive.org/...
Varsity Tutors. (n.d.). The Adventures of Col. Daniel Boone. varsitytutors.com/...
Reporter, S., & Posts, L. (2019). Kentucky River Mills was prime spot for hemp manufacturing | FRANK. Magazine. FRANK Magazine. frankthemagazine.com/...
Understanding Marijuana. (2005). Google Books. books.google.nl/...
Kratzenberg, J. (2019, February 8). Hemp Moves into Growth Mode. The Lane Report. lanereport.com/...
Is It Legal to Fly Internationally With CBD?
By now you probably know that CBD products are legal nationwide. Thanks to the federal Farm Bill, any American over...
Are CBD Topicals Good for My Skin?
CBD topicals have quickly become one of the most popular types of CBD products. There's a reason for that: they...
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When you walk into retail store to buy an external hard drive, there are dozens of options to choose from. And there's always the option of buying a hard drive or SSD and putting together your own. So, manufacturers have to find ways to add value to what is a reasonably straightforward device you can rig up yourself. LaCie's answer is the Rugged SECURE. As the name suggests, it combines with physical and logical security features.