text:
IMF Estimates Cost Of Bribes Globally At Up To $2 Trillion A Year
The amount of money paid worldwide in bribes each year is between $1.5 trillion and $2 trillion, or about 2 percent of global economic output, the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has said.
"Corruption has a pernicious effect on the economy," leading to less spending on education, health care, and other services that are disproportionately needed by the poor, IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde said on May 11 in an open letter published the day before the start of an anticorruption summit in London.
The enormous estimate of bribery's cost illustrates why such abuse of public office for private gain "undermines trust in government and erodes the ethical standards of private citizens," Lagarde added.
Beyond the direct cost of corruption and its drain on the global economy, "the indirect costs may be even more substantial and debilitating, leading to low growth and greater income inequality," she said.
Based on reporting by AP and dpa


Twenty-six year-old Daphne Cohen's life is closed off, hiding behind an introverted personality to keep from expressing her true self and exploring the depths of what she truly desires. With very few friends and having only slept with three men in her life, she believes man number three is the one…until she finds out he's been sleeping around. Fleeing to Martinique to do some soul searching about her past, she meets her future: Wolfe LaCasse, a devastatingly handsome and sensuous Creole. He takes her on a passionate journey whose fire burns too hot for Daphne and she flees the island before getting burned. The problem is, she can't forget the state of ecstasy she experienced in his arms. Can she risk everything and, for the first time in her life, follow her heart and return to the island? Spinning a fresh twist on the romance genre, Ju Ephraime's Daphne is in the driver's seat and in full control to make the decisions that will change her forever. Daphne's developed sexuality and power bridge a gap between the classic and the contemporary with subtle nuances, sparkling insights, and a provocative, sensuous narrative style. Reminiscent of the works of Lisa Kleypas and Stephanie Laurens, Ms. Ephraime's rich emotional landscape delivers an achingly accessible complexity that makes State of Ecstasy steamy, provocative, and fresh, and its author a forceful new voice who brings an entirely new level of heat.


About one year ago, we came to know the Poplus effort here at Openpolis. We were glad to see something like that happen, and started to think how we could possibly contribute to that.
Being a tiny group on tight resources we try to keep our solutions design very simple, striving not to over-engineer them. But as the number of projects grew during the years, we found ourselves constantly fighting against the negative consequences caused by the copy&paste attitude we had, as software designers/developers.
Once we had a good solution for a problem, we quickly applied it to other projects and contexts. That's been great! But having the same data or the same piece of software copied over half a dozen different machines, having to maintain them and synchronize them, doesn't sound like a great outcome even to non-coders out there.
The simple idea of using standardized, re-usable components to build complex solutions started to make a lot of sense to us.
Being out there from a number of years, fighting to build and maintain complex solutions, we felt that testing the Poplus components architecture by porting one of our solutions to it was a natural contribution.
One of the first applications we developed in 2006, OpenPolitici, is a searchable directory of all elected representatives in Italy: http://politici.openpolis.it. There are currently more than 120 thousands active elected officials ranging from the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Ms. Federica Mogherini, to the 13 members of the city government and council of Morterone, a village in the Lumbard Alps with 33 inhabitants according to the official national census data of 2001.
In order to stress test the Poplus component architecture, we want to implement a new version of the OpenPolitici platform. The name of the new project is PolitikOS, and the the user stories we've written involve using PopIt, Mapit/Represent Boundaries, and SayIt.
The prototype we've implemented so far is available at http://politikos.openpolis.it. It's a Python/Django project that integrates data coming from a MapIt and a PopIt instances to return the members of parliament for the electoral constitution corresponding to the address or city entered by the user.
Poplus components are web services, accessible by other software through an Application Programming Interface (API). Since they're web services, any programming language can be used to interoperate with them increasing the opportunities for reuse. Most of the components provide basic storage and search functionalities (MapIt, RepresentBoundaries, PopIt, SayIt, BillIt), some others provide operational capabilities (Cuttlefish, WriteIt).
Writing a software application that uses different components is an integration activity; you need to access the remote components from your application, read and write data from and into them, or just use the operational functionalities they provide.
From a coder point of view, accessing a remote service is always done writing the same bits of code: connection, packaging and sending a request, retrieving and parsing a response. Usually these activities are delegated to a dedicated library, a.k.a. client library, specifically developed for the given service in one or more programming languages.
Few of these client libraries are available as the Poplus components ecosystem is very young. Some services don't provide a library at all. A Python library exists for PopIt, and a Ruby one for BillIt. But so far that's all I know of at the moment.
Having a consistent, uniform set of client libraries in as many programming languages as possible is a key factor to be adopted by coders. And that's where the simple idea of a Poplus Component Integration toolkit (PCI) came from.
poplus-pci is a Python package providing client libraries to access all Poplus remote services, using a consistent and uniform interface. So far, only PopIt and MapIt have been integrated, integration of other components is scheduled for the future.
The main task of the PCI component is to integrate the PopIt and MapIt services within the PolitikOS project.
Once a user inserts an address, a postal code or a location name in the main search box, the geographical coordinates of the most representative point for the location are requested from a geocoding service. Then they're used to make a request to the http://mapit.openpolis.it service for all the geographic areas covering the point. A successive request to http://parlamento.popit.mysociety.org returns the data of all the members of the italian Parliament, for the electoral constituency covering the location point.
The following snippet of Python code illustrates how the logic described above has been implemented, within PolitikOS.
What did we discover about components while developing PCI/PolitikOS?
In my opinion, the Popolo standard is what really keeps all the components idea together. Software reuse is an important concept both for helping lowering the entry barriers, and from a software-engineer optimization perspective. But standardization is even more important in order to have applications around the globe produce inter-operable, semantically well-defined, and comparable sets of data. Just have a look at http://everypolitician.org/ to see what's going to be possible in the near future.
Popolo is a standard in the making, that describes the context we operate on as civic hackers, just support it and add your use cases and practices to the dedicated threads in the list!
Some of the components APIs have yet to be completed. In general it would be nice to have a widespread adoption of the REST architectural style, in so much as possible.
Some components use other components internally. SayIt and WriteIt need to import the list of politicians they use from PopIt, and would have problems with dynamic data changing faster than the frequency with which they're upgraded from the source.
Some sort of communication protocol among components could be inserted into the picture, allowing components or external applications to receive push notifications in reaction to pre-defined events. This would help developers build more sophisticated and effective applications out of the Poplus components building blocks. The webhooks pattern, or one of the alternatives, could provide this possibility by using standard HTTP request/response technology, thus not introducing a technological complexity which would hinder the adoption by coders in this context.


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Smart to Unveil High Quality Additions to Residential Ranges
Posted by Barry Pearson on February 1, 2018 | Comments Off on Smart to Unveil High Quality Additions to Residential Ranges
Smart Architectural Aluminium will be showcasing its new, high quality Designer Door and Orangery Roof systems at this year's Ecobuild exhibition, with extensive displays of both ranges on the company's stand.
The new Designer Door range delivers a premium-quality, high-performance and high-security entrance door, which has been developed by Smart to meet the needs of both house and apartment owners and developers.
The comprehensive range features a wide choice of styles and designs, from the contemporary Modern collection, to the Traditional, Cottage and Vintage portfolios, whose designs sit perfectly with more rural properties or the timeless styles of the Victorian, Edwardian and Regency eras. The design styles are complemented by a wide range of size, glazing and door furniture options, as well as a broad spectrum of colours and finishes from Smart's extensive colour palettes.
Following a similar design ethos, the new Smart Orangery Roof system is a contemporary, high quality and thermally-efficient solution which has been designed to be fast and straightforward to install. Characterised by slim site lines which maximise the glass area, the elegant system has been developed to deliver all the performance and aesthetic benefits of a modern aluminium solution, with high levels of security assured through its innovative design and high specification materials.
In addition to these brand-new door and roof system launches, Smart is also unveiling a number of additions to its existing ranges at Ecobuild.
The high-performance Ultraline solution now features an 80mm profile window system, delivering outstanding thermal and acoustic performance, to meet even the most demanding performance specifications.
Meanwhile the established Alitherm range sees the addition of the Alitherm 500 flush casement, which provides a French mullion solution for traditional, cottage-style properties, and the Alitherm 800 flush casement, which offers the same design solution, but for contemporary property styles. Completing the Alitherm introductions is a new Alitherm Heritage French door set, standard casement and tilt and turn window option, specifically developed for refurbishment projects, or for new build applications that feature a more traditional, or Art Deco design style.
Elsewhere on display on the Smart stand will be the four-pane Visoglide Plus sliding door, which will feature a new slimline interlock for this high-quality, highly-versatile system, as well as the Visofold 6000 Slide and Fold door, featuring a new reinforced header bar which not only makes it slimmer and more elegant, but also capable of taking the weight of a screen system within which it can be framed.
Finally, among a number of new commercial products on display, will be the new Smart Wall Auto Slide door which incorporates hardware from Dorma. With standard and fire-door options, this new Smart Wall product is the UK's first auto slide door to have been fully tested to PAS 24.
Commenting on the new products, Smart's Managing Director, Eddie Robinson, said: "We are delighted to once again be returning to Ecobuild and to have the opportunity to showcase such a broad range of new products and systems.
"While we are extremely excited to be launching our new Designer Door and Orangery Roof Systems, we believe the additions we are making to our established ranges will be equally valuable, providing yet more options to architects, developers and contractors.
"As always, we're looking forward to welcoming visitors to our stand and having the chance to talk through each of the new systems in much more detail."
For more details on any of Smart's new or existing systems, visit the company's stand at Ecobuild (stand number B20), go to www.smartsystems.co.uk or call 01934 876 100.Ends

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Whether you need a new, used, or vintage guitar, bass, amp, effects, student band instrument, or accessory, you'll find a huge selection of beginner to professional-level instruments and more. Looking for a boutique effects pedal or a legendary vintage guitar or amp? You've come to the right place!
If your instrument is in need of repairs or modifications, bring it to the specialists at Big Johnson's Guitars. Whether your school band instrument or electronics need repairs, you'll get outstanding service from a team with over 150 years of combined field experience. We offer the service your instrument needs, the price you want, and a friendly smile!
As a family-owned and -operated business since 2007, you'll get the best possible customer experience at Big Johnson's guitars. Drive into historic Litchfield, Connecticut and experience its small-town New England charm and gorgeous scenery. Why pay in another state when our local experts can fix your bad sax octave key on the night of the concert or supply the reeds for your child's clarinet?


Using her personal journey as guileless country lass to beauty queen, from award-winning actress to one of the most powerful women in Philippine media, Santos-Concio merges memoir with leadership advice. How does she do this? By relating, with endearing honesty, the stories throughout her life that called for a certain self-awareness, made her realize her failings, and imbued her with a sense of purpose.
"My Journey: The Story of an Unexpected Leader" spans Santos-Concio's childhood up to her retirement as ABS-CBN's first woman president. Readers are given a peek into her years as a sheltered doctor's daughter on the island of Calapan, Mindoro, where her father first taught her how to stand up to thugs; her first brush with high society, wearing a dress painstakingly assembled by her mother; the compromises she had to make—and break—when she entered showbiz, and more personal experiences which gave her invaluable lessons in strength and grace.
Television and movie fans of all kinds—be they curious about the stars, behind-the-scenes production, or business side—will find a treasure trove of information in "My Journey: The Story of an Unexpected Leader." As one of the few individuals who successfully made the transition from movie actress to producer to television executive (and made the loop to movie actress again), Santos-Concio provides industry anecdotes that are both entertaining and honest.
Part biography, part self-help, this book is unique in its take on leadership. Santos-Concio treats the subject with a nurturing tone—a far cry from the aggressive stance that many believe is the defining quality of leadership. Santos-Concio isn't afraid to admit her fears and foibles, and reassures the reader that there is power during times of uncertainty and self-doubt. While it is a treat to be given a firsthand look at the ins and outs of the lives of celebrities, equal value should be given to the lessons learned during their most vulnerable times. Santos-Concio goes the extra mile in sharing these moments with the reader, and turns them into tips that the reader can apply to his or her own life.
No matter who you are or where you come from, you all have our own story. It's important that you tell and own your story because that's how you find your sense of purpose.
Take your chance. Every leadership journey begins with fear, which you are invited to match with simple curiosity. If courage is hard to find, then just take a small first step.
A clear sense of purpose is what draws out the leader within you, and your heart is the best tool to find out what your true purpose and passion is.
Leaders must be lifetime learners.
The ability to see possibilities where others only see difficulties is a very powerful leadership skill. It is this ability that separates the visionaries from mere followers. It takes a high degree of self-mastery not to give in to your anxiety when everyone else around us offers only doubts.
When you find yourself suddenly restless and beginning to look for something more meaningful, it could be that life is preparing a new path for you. Keep your eyes and ears open for possibilities that may change the course of your life.
My Journey: The Story of an Unexpected Leader is available at selected National Bookstore and Powerbooks outlets for P550.


text:
Sample Bibliography or Works Cited
in MLA Style 6th ed.
To: Sample Bibliography or List of Works Cited in MLA Style 7th Edition
Links to related pages:
1. How to Format a Research Paper in MLA Style, 7th ed
3. Quoting Passages Using MLA Style, 7th ed.
5. Content Notes and Bibliographic Notes in MLA Style, 7th ed
6. How to Write Footnotes and Endnotes in MLA Style, 6th ed.
7. Footnotes and Endnotes - Examples in MLA Style, 6th ed.
8. Footnotes in MLA Style, 6th ed. - Sample Page
9. Endnotes in MLA Style, 6th ed. - Sample Page
10. How to Write Parenthetical Documentation in MLA Style, 7th ed.
12. Parenthetical Documentation in MLA Style, 7th ed. Sample Page
14. Works Cited, References, and Bibliography: What's the Difference? MLA Style, 7th ed.
16. Guidelines on Writing a Bibliography or Works Cited Page in MLA Style, 7th ed
17. Guidelines on Writing a Bibliography or Works Cited Page in MLA Style, 6th ed.
18. How to Write a Bibliography or Works Cited Page - Examples in MLA Style, 7th ed.
20. Works Cited in MLA Style, 7th ed. - Sample Page
22. Research, Writing, and Style Guides (MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard, CGOS, CBE)
For a sample of the First Page of a List of Works Cited, please see page 293 in:
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: MLA, 2003.
See The Mountain Lion by John Garcia for a sample essay including Parenthetical References and Works Cited using MLA style.
Please note: The 7th edition of the MLA Handbook, published in 2009, is available.
MLA Handbook, 7th ed.:
Works Cited, References, or Bibliography Sample Page
Remember to double-space and indent second and subsequent lines.
2007 Andex Chart. Windsor, ON: Andex Associates, 2007.
Ashoona, Kiawak. Smiling Family. 1966. McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg, ON.
"Beginner Tip: Presenting Your Page with Style." Webmaster Tips Newsletter. July 2000. NetMechanic. 12 May 2007 <http://www.netmechanic.com/>.
Collins, Ronald K.L., and David M. Skover. The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The Fall and Rise of an American Icon. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2002.
Continelli, Louise. "A Place for Owls to Heal." Buffalo News 12 Jan. 2003: C2. "E-Money Slips Quietly into Oblivion." Nikkei Weekly [Tokyo] 22 Jan. 2001: 4.
"Gloria Steinem." Power Quotes. Wisdom Quotes by Jone Johnson Lewis, 1995-2009. 15 Nov. 2009 <http://www.wisdomquotes.com/cat_power.html>.
Gordin, Michael D. "The Science of Vodka." Letter. New Yorker 13 Jan. 2003: 7.
Gorrie, Peter. "Ethanol Is a Red Herring, Not a Green Cure for Fuel." Toronto Star 23 May 2009: W1+.
The Great Wall of China, Beijing, China. Personal photograph by B. Davenport. 11 Aug. 2015.
Ho Chi Minh." Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2007. Britannica.com. 28 Apr. 2007 <http://www.britannica.com>.
Hurley, Meghan, and Tamara Cherry. "2 Paralyzed by Toxic Carrot Juice." Toronto Star. 9 Oct. 2006: A8.
Kerschbaum, Joseph. "Developing the Right PPC Bidding Strategy." Website Magazine. Nov. 2008: 16-17.
Kesteven, George. "The $25-Billion Hammer." National Post [Toronto] 4 Nov. 2006: FP15.
King, Stephen. Black House. New York: Random, 2001.
---. From a Buick 8: A Novel. New York: Simon, 2002.
Law and Order. Prod. Wolf Film in assoc. with Universal Television. NBC Television Network. WHEC, Rochester, NY. 13 Mar. 2003.
Longin, Hellmut. Telephone interview. 28 June 2015.
Marshall, Leon. "Mandela in Retirement: Peacemaker without Rest." NationalGeographic.com. 9 Feb. 2001. 30 May 2007 <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/02/0209_mandela.html>.
Microsoft PowerPoint Version 2002 Step by Step. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA:Microsoft, 2001.
Mitchell, Joni. Both Sides Now. CD. Reprise Records, Time Warner. Dist. Warner Music Canada, Scarborough, ON, 2000.
"Mug." Def. 2. The New Lexicon Webster's Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language. Canadian ed. 1988.
"Muslim Lords Make Plea: Brits Ask Sudan to Free Teacher in Teddy Bear Furor." Sunday Sun [Toronto] 2 Dec. 2007:11.
NASONEX Nasal Spray, Schering. Advertisement. Newsweek. 9 Sept. 2002: 9.
"Nazi Party". New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1997 ed.
The Nutcracker. By Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Chor. and Libretto James Kudelka. Cond. Ormsby Wilkins and Uri Mayer. National Ballet of Canada. Hummingbird Centre, Toronto. 30 Dec. 1999.
O'Keefe, Mark. "Definition of 'Rich' Is Elusive." Detroit Free Press 12 Jan. 2003: 1E+.
Penny, Nicholas B. "Sculpture, The History of Western." New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1998 ed.
PicoSearch. "Your PicoSearch Account is Reindexed." E-mail to I. Lee. 16 June 2007.
Pulda, Arnold. "Handling Hate Sites." Classroom Connect Newsletter May 2003: 18-19.
Rai, Arti K., and Rebecca S. Eisenberg. "Bayh-Dole Reform and the Progress of Biomedicine." American Scientist Jan.-Feb. 2003: 52-59.
RAMeSize. Vers. 1.04. 15K. 24 Sept. 2000. Blue Dice Software. 13 Mar. 2003 <http://www.pcworld.com/downloads/file_download.asp?fid=7605>.
Schubach, Erik. "Bugs Bunny." Cartoon. Cartoon World! 1998. 12 Oct. 2004� <http://www.cet.com/~rascal/graphics/bugsbun.gif>.
Shakespeare, William. Taming of the Shrew. Ed. John Crowther. New York: Spark, 2004.
---. Taming of the Shrew. Ed. Roma Gill. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.
Svitil, Kathy A. "Can I Pour You a Pint of Light?" Discover Nov. 2002: 12.
---. "The 50 Most Important Women in Science." Discover Nov.2002: 52-57.
"Thanks a Bunch!" Electronic card. Blue Mountain Arts. 2000. Kersten Brothers Studios. 16 May 2004 <http://www1.bluemountain.com/eng3/kersten/TUbunch.html>.
Thomas, Cathy Booth, and Tim Padgett. "Life among the Ruins." Time 19 Sept. 2005: 28+.
Thomason, Larisa. "HTML Tip: The Renewed Importance of META Tags." Webmaster Tips Newsletter. Feb. 2006. NetMechanic. 17 Nov. 2008 <http://www.netmechanic.com/news/vol9/no1.shtml>.
Note: "The Tuxedo" is filed alphabetically by title with the article "The" being ignored.
The Tuxedo. Dir. Kevin Donovan. Prod. John H. Williams, and Adam Schroeder, Perf. Jackie Chan and Jennifer Love Hewitt. DreamWorks, 2002.
"What Is Dry Eye?" TheraTears. Advertisement. 2006. 4 Apr. 2007 <http://www.theratears.com>.
Wolanski, Eric, et al. "Mud, Marine Snow and Coral Reefs." American Scientist Jan.-Feb. 2003: 44-51.
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text:
Research in the Investigative Medicine Division
Ogg Group: Cutaneous Immunology Group
graham.ogg@ndm.ox.ac.uk
Investigative Medicine Division MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
The aim of the group is to understand, at the molecular and cellular level, the role of human cutaneous immune responses in mechanisms of disease, treatment and vaccination. As well as contributing to an understanding of disease pathogenesis, we aim to translate our findings to changes in clinical practice.
Skin frequently represents the first point of contact with pathogens and allergens, yet we still know relatively little of the role of the skin barrier and skin immune system in reacting to such challenges. This is crucially important in understanding the mechanisms of skin diseases and related diseases, and for optimising approaches to cutaneous drug and vaccine delivery.
We have an ongoing interest in skin T cell responses, specifically how these can be initiated and propagated. In the past, we have designed and implemented MHC tetramer technology and defined peptide antigen-specific T cell populations in patients with allergies to house dust mite (HDM) and cat dander; we have also been investigating immune responses to varicella zoster virus (VZV). We are currently focusing on lipid-specific CD1a-restricted T cell responses, including the involvement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). We determined that the PLA2 enzyme can generate new lipid antigens ("neo-antigens") in the skin and induce immune responses contributing to allergy, with important roles in atopic dermatitis (AD) and other skin diseases such as psoriasis.
We are also investigating populations of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which have recently been identified as a new cell type in the skin and other sites. For the past few years we have been defining the role and requirements of these cells and their cross-talk with keratinocytes within the epidermis.
Moreover, we also investigate the effect of ongoing immune responses on the epithelial component of the skin barrier. We determined that inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and histamine, affect the integrity and function of the skin. Finally, we are interested in epidermal biology and recently helped define mechanisms governing epidermal differentiation and stratification.
We also use our findings to understand conditions which affect other organ systems; an example is dengue virus which infects 390 million people worldwide annually. We have found that some of the immunological processes we are finding in the skin, can be shared with immune responses to dengue virus.
The studies conducted within the group attempt to resolve fundamental questions related to immunology and translate these towards novel therapeutic strategies.
Professor of Dermatology
Postdoctoral Scientist
Senior Research Technician
MRC Clinical Research Training Fellow and DPhil Student
Re-evaluation of human BDCA-2+ DC during acute sterile skin inflammation.
Chen Y-L. et al, (2020), J Exp Med, 217
Proof-of-concept clinical trial of etokimab shows a key role for IL-33 in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.
Chen Y-L. et al, (2019), Science translational medicine, 11
Fevipiprant, a selective prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 antagonist, inhibits human group 2 innate lymphoid cell aggregation and function.
Hardman C. et al, (2019), J Allergy Clin Immunol
Role of NS1 antibodies in the pathogenesis of acute secondary dengue infection.
Jayathilaka D. et al, (2018), Nat Commun, 9
Foxp3+ T reg cells control psoriasiform inflammation by restraining an IFN-I-driven CD8+ T cell response.
Stockenhuber K. et al, (2018), J Exp Med, 215, 1987 - 1998
A preliminary study on efficacy of rupatadine for the treatment of acute dengue infection.
Malavige GN. et al, (2018), Sci Rep, 8
Orchestrated control of filaggrin-actin scaffolds underpins cornification.
Gutowska-Owsiak D. et al, (2018), Cell Death Dis, 9
Psoriatic T cells recognize neolipid antigens generated by mast cell phospholipase delivered by exosomes and presented by CD1a.
Cheung KL. et al, (2016), J Exp Med, 213, 2399 - 2412
Filaggrin inhibits generation of CD1a neolipid antigens by house dust mite-derived phospholipase.
Jarrett R. et al, (2016), Sci Transl Med, 8
Professors Fiona Powrie and Paul Klenerman, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
Professor Gathsaurie Malavige, University of Sri Jayawardenapura, Sri Lanka
Professor Branch Moody, Harvard University, USA
Dr Andrew McKenzie, LMB, Cambridge
Professor Padraic Fallon, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
We are most grateful for funding support from:
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Comprehensive Research Network
Misses Barrie Charitable Trust
British Skin Foundation
British Association of Dermatologists
We take an active role in Public Engagement through Exhibits, School talks, public talks, blogs and podcasts.
Clinical studies and trials
We continually translate our findings through to patients, and undertake early and late phase clinical trials with an experimental medicine focus.
Related research themes
Emerging Therapies and Drug Discovery


text:
Alien Species
Sapience
Mala'kak
Yautja
Alien (Battle: Los Angeles)
Ballchinian
Facehugger
Vy'drach
Hell-hound
Creatures of the Mist
Xenomorph Queen
ASPF
Dragon Ball Universe, Extinct Species, Sapient Species,
Galactic Threats
Saiyans
Genetically compatible with Humans
Aggressive Species
Mammalian Species
Planetary Threats
Shapeshifting Species
Anime Aliens
Manga Aliens
Races of the Milky Way Galaxy
TV Species
Hostile Species
Warrior Races
Live Action Species
Movie Species
Other Names Saiya-jin
Saiya-seijin
Homeworld Sadala
Vegeta (adopted)
Habitat Mainly wastelands and forests
Body Type Humanoid
Height Human-like
Locomotion Bipedal
Sapience Level Sapient
Universe Dragon Ball Universe
Saiyans are an endangered race in the Dragon Ball manga and anime franchise (including the original Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, Dragon Ball Super, as well as the anime-only series, Dragon Ball GT). For the record, Dragon Ball GT is not canon to the three other series mentioned, but it is apart of the franchise.
In the series, the Saiyans are a naturally aggressive warrior race who were one of the strongest races in the universe.
The saiyans arrive on planet Vegeta.
The Saiyans were a group of barbaric aliens who arrived to the Planet Vegeta (once known as the Planet Plant) very long ago. Their home planet, Sadala, had been destroyed due to conflict among Saiyans. The indigenous lifeforms to this planet were the Tuffles, a very technologically advanced race. When the Saiyan first arrived, they lived in the arid wastelands on the outskirts of the Tuffles' cities. The Tuffles had no way of knowing the Saiyans would eventually take the whole planet for themselves and destroy their race. One day, a civil war broke out and the Saiyans tried many times to overthrow the Tuffles but were unsuccessful, although the Saiyans were bigger in size and much stronger, they were fewer in number compared to the Tuffles. What also gave the Tuffles an upper hand was that they had technology to read the power levels of the Saiyans and advanced weaponry to hold them off. Then one night, the Saiyans were able to transform into Oozaru (also known as Great Apes, which increases their power levels by a factor of 10) thanks to the full moon and the resulting "Blutz Waves" that only came once every twenty years (eight years in the English dub), with this new power, they finally annihilated the Tuffles and had the planet renamed to Planet Vegeta, after their great king who led their people to victory.
The destruction of a Tuffle city.
However, after their victory, the Saiyans had no way of expanding beyond their planet since they didn't have the knowledge to build spaceships. Their lust and hunger for conquest was put on hold until another advanced race made contact with Vegeta. The Arcosians, whom had money and technology, met the Saiyans and formed an alliance with
most of the hired Saiyans to take over a planet for them and in return they would share their technology with them. Over the years, the Saiyans also learned how to use the Tuffles' advanced equipment and become smarter and less barbaric, although they still lusted for fighting and destruction. At some unknown time, following the Saiyan victory, the planet was conquered or annexed by Frieza's empire and the Saiyans (like many other races) were drafted to serve as soldiers in Frieza's military.
A Saiyan attacking a planet.
Because of the Saiyans' innate strength and penchant for violence, they were considered to be useful mercenaries and assisted in the conquering of many planets, or if assignment called for, eradication of the planet's population, as even Saiyan children were considered powerful enough to conquer some of the weaker planets, such as Earth. Eventually, seeing how quickly some of the more gifted Saiyan warriors were gaining power through battle, Frieza grew concerned with the potential of the Saiyan race and thought that they would grow strong enough to face him or even become the fabled Super Saiyans, able to defeat him in battle. So as betrayal, the maniacal and heartless alien warlord destroyed Planet Vegeta, almost eradicating the Saiyan race.
It was originally thought that only four pure-blood Saiyans survived the destruction, Kakarot (Son Goku), Prince Vegeta, Nappa and Raditz as they were not on the planet at the time, although many others also survived the world's destruction, including Paragus, Broly, Turles, Onio, and Prince Tarble (although others have been shown to survive, see below). Once Raditz, and ultimately Nappa and Prince Vegeta discovered that their planet's destruction, Frieza lied to them that a comet had hit their world, and offered them continued employment in return for eventual wealth. The Saiyans were avenged when Son Goku defeated Frieza on Namek. Frieza later met his end on Earth when Future Trunks killed him. In the anime only, four more Saiyans survived the catastrophe, appearing in the Dragon Ball Z movies: Turles, Broly, Paragus, and Tarble. Another, Onio, is shown in the joke manga, Neko Majin Z. As a side note, a common racial slur towards Saiyans is the term "monkey" or "ape" (although monkeys and apes are two considerably different types of organisms, despite being quite closely related to one another).
Super Saiyan Edit
The very most powerful ability of a Saiyan is the ability to drastically augment their speed, strength and energy by transforming into a Super Saiyan. The ability is rare and difficult to achieve normally, but gives the Saiyan unbelievable enhancements to their normal abilities. The Saiyans possess several Super Saiyan transformations, each different in appearance and the power they provide. For the majority of the Super Saiyan forms, the Saiyans muscle mass increases slightly, their irises turn emerald-green and their hair turns golden. In Dragon Ball GT a fourth form was achieved where the Saiyans body becomes covered in a crimson fur. The hair becomes darker and longer, and the irises alter color (Although the eye color appears to be different for each Saiyan.)
Akira Toriyama has stated that there were no female Saiyans to transform until the introduction of Pan and she never had the motivation to transform, though three female Super Saiyans appeared in Dragon Ball Heroes.
Recently, in the dragon ball super tv show, 2 female saiyans from the 6th universe have been shown to posses the ability to go super saiyan. Frieza destroyed Planet Vegeta, bringing the Saiyan race to the brink of extinction. While in the Super Saiyan transformation, the power of a Saiyan increases 50 times. The second form of Super Saiyan doubles the power of the first form, giving the Saiyan with spikier hair and surrounded with bioelectricity, and Super Saiyan 3 increases the already Super Saiyan 2 by 4 with long, rigid hair past their waist, eyebrows vanish but with larger eye ridges. As its form utilizes of physical stamina in 100%, in result, the third form consumes a large amount of ki from the user
Biology Edit
Appearance Edit
Turles, a male Saiyan
Fasha, a female Saiyan
Saiyans are outwardly very similar to humans (this can be explained as an extreme example of convergent evolution), with the exception of their monkey-like tail and larger, more muscular builds. They are commonly seen to have extremely spiky, black hair although there have been rare occasions when they have also been shown to have brown hair.
In the episode "Saiyans Emerge", Vegeta states that the hair of a pure-blooded Saiyan does not deviate from its appearance the day the Saiyan is born (somewhat contradicted by the fact that young Vegeta is shown with strands of hair hanging in front of his forehead, but later has his characteristic widow's peak - this may indicate that he has balded somewhat over time, however, similar to Nappa, who once had a full head of hair). This is not the case with half-Saiyans like Gohan and Trunks who are shown to have several different lengths of hair, and wear their hair in different styles throughout the series. Both of Vegeta and Bulma's children inherited their hair color from their mother's side. Goku's children both have black hair like him, but then their mother Chi Chi also has black hair.
Tail Edit
All pure-blood Saiyans possess a tail, monkey-like in appearance and covered in brownish fur. Only one human/saiyan hyrbrid was shown to be born with a tail. The tail is a particularly sensitive area for Saiyans when grabbed or injured, it causes great pain to the owner, and temporarily immobilizes the whole body. For example, during Dragon Ball, Goku will only lose his strength when his tail is squeezed. However, elite class Saiyans can train themselves to overcome this weakness - as did Nappa, Prince Vegeta and also Goku, and the tail becomes no more fragile than any other limb. The tail is very prehensile, and can be used to grasp things like many other primates. It has been mentioned that a Saiyan with a tail gains more power than one without a tail.
Great Ape Edit
Bardock and his crew as Great Apes leveling a city.
The tail also provides a unique gift in that it allows a Saiyan to transform into a Great Ape and potentially a Golden Great Ape (or Super Great Ape). If the tail is removed, this power is lost. Saiyan children seem to have the ability to grow back their tails at various times, but at some point in life this regenerative ability is lost. Gohan for instance, who is not even a pure-blooded Saiyan, grows his tail back numerous times after having it removed, however, it never seems to grow back after it is cut off by Vegeta; this may be because his attack could have cauterized the wound, leaving it unable to regenerate. Vegeta has his tail cut off during battle, but it is important to note that he is an adult and it never grows back, except through artificial means in Dragon Ball GT.
Flight Edit
Saiyans can fly due to their manipulation of ki. They can fly at hypersonic speeds, and a Saiyan can move so fast in flight that a human can't see them.
Strength Edit
Saiyans possess large quantities of superhuman strength, which is superior to many different species - at least thousands of times that of humans - and are quintessentially built for fighting, and-this-is-the-result-of-being-more-muscular. They are capable of lifting objects that weigh many tons. The naturally high gravity of Planet Vegeta develops their strength further making them inhumanly strong at young ages. Even weaker Saiyans are capable of conquering most planets alone. Notably, the Saiyan sent to conquer Earth, Kakarot, was an abnormally weak newborn at the time. Through tough training, Saiyans are able to reach new levels of power, and the more intense training and fights they go through, the stronger they become. goku at the age of 12 could lift bulma's car which weighed 2 tons and threw it ten meters and at the time he was weaker than most saiyans. Saiyans can destroy buildings, cities, mountains and islands with just punches and the most powerful saiyans can obliterate planets with punches. also goku who had a power level of 416 was noted to be able to kill everyone on earth when there was 5.279 billion in 1 year.
Zenkai Edit
If a Saiyan survives a near-death experience through extreme injury to the body then when the body recuperates, the Saiyan grows much stronger than they were previously, their body adapting to compensate for the damage dealt. This ability is known as a zenkai, and increases the Saiyan's power level by an inconsistent multiplier. The duration of recovery does not seem to hinder this ability as Saiyans have healed through natural, technological and mystical means and still gained substantial increases in strength. Saiyans also appear able to heal from injuries at a faster rate than humans and possess a greater deal of durability to damage.
Saiyans also possess a natural affinity to the manipulation of ki energy allowing them to utilize flying and energy-based attacks with incredible ease as well as unlock great depths of power when needed, or lending energy to others in battle when it's actually necessary. Lost energy is regained by the Saiyan in a very short span of time, regardless of the amount of energy lost. Sometimes, the energy the Saiyan regained is multiplied, as noted by their power level.
Speed Edit
The Saiyans also have great speed and agility. They also have much faster reflexes than an average human; reflexes so fast that they can avoid (or catch) a bullet or energy beam without much of a problem. Super speed can easily be seen in their fighting skills; their movements occur in fractions of seconds which are not visible to human eyes. Their agility is also substantial in their battles and training. These movements can be improved by training, transformations, and other methods. These natural powers of speed and reflex make nearly all Saiyan hand-to-hand combat exceedingly fast. Even weak saiyans like raditz are faster than light speed (about 2x light speed)
Invulnerability Edit
Even the most basic Saiyan is immune to all earthly weapons, and most alien races with only the most advanced weaponry, being able to hurt them, but a Saiyan can also channel ki into their invulnerability making them even more powerful. Even a weak Saiyan, like Raditz, could withstand a full power blast from Piccolo, and Piccolo could destroy one 30th of earth at the time (150 moons including size gravity and density). Saiyans are very resistant to temperature with Saiyans being able to survive extreme sub-zero temperatures as well as extremely high temperatures (such as that of lava) with ease, and Goku who at the time had a power level of 800, could withstand a temperature which could kill a human in a second. An average saiyan can withstand an explosion up to one third of earth (average saiyan 4000bp).
Appetite Edit
The Saiyan Son Goku eating on King Kai's planet.
Saiyans are also noted for being ravenous trenchermen with seemingly insatiable appetites, eating up to 30-40 meals a day to maintain their metabolism. Owing to their immense strength and intense aura, their energy and nutritional intake needs are a great deal higher than most human beings'. They are often shown eating plate after plate of food, resulting in many dishes piling up, often eating more food than logically possible in absurdly short amounts of time. Goku (and later Vegeta) are often seen eating enough food for a dozen people in rapid feeding frenzies sometimes lasting less than a minute, one notable case being a 12-year-old Goku eating a 50-course meal in one minute. This is used as a running gag. In Daizenshuu 4, it is stated that they have no preferences when it comes to food, although they appear to prefer meat over anything else; this is hinted with Vegeta munching on the flesh of an alien creature on the planet he and Nappa were on before departing for Earth. Note that this is not restricted only to full-blooded Saiyans, as even the normally polite Gohan has been seen eating large quantities of food in this way.
Aging and lifespan Edit
According to the Daizenshuu, their lifespan is about the same as an Earthling's. Although Saiyans remain in their youth and prime longer than Humans. As explained by Vegeta in the final chapter, they stay young longer so that they can enjoy battle longer. This is seen when Nappa, who was Vegeta's attendant when Vegeta was a child, is in his prime still long after Vegeta has become an adult, but in actuality Nappa is about 50 years old. Chi-Chi complained of this in Dragon Ball GT when Goku was reduced to a child, thus making the fact that she was getting older faster that much more apparent. This is again demonstrated in the GT finale when Pan is seen one hundred years later still strong but with gray hair.
Reproduction Edit
Saiyan reproduction is the same as humans. The only male full-blooded Saiyans seen were Goku, Raditz, Turles, Broly, Paragus, Bardock, Vegeta and Nappa. One female and pure-blooded Saiyan named Seripa (renamed to Fasha in America) has been shown (although a number of unnamed female Saiyans were seen too in a bar), and the mother of Raditz and Kakarot (Goku) and mate of Bardock (the father of Raditz and Kakarot) was revealed to be a female named Gine, who died along with most of her race when Frieza blew up the planet. Love is a rare emotions for Saiyans and most only mate for reproductive purposes. For this reason family isn't that valued among Saiyans with some rare exceptions like the royal family and Bardock's family.
Inter-species Saiyans Edit
When a hybrid of Saiyan and Human heritage is born, it is very common for them to possess extreme fighting potential. It is also very common for them to develop the ability to transform into Super Saiyans at childhood. Due to their Human emotions and Saiyan abilities these hybrids have almost limitless potential, but with the exception of Future Trunks, don't tend to share the interest in fighting and becoming stronger that pure Saiyans like Goku and Vegeta do. Saiyan Hybrids tend to become easily distracted from training. Other partial Saiyans like Pan seem to lack the qualities hybrids have, age much more like Humans do, and have weaker power levels. Half-Saiyans gain incredible power boosts when angry, as shown when an infuriated Gohan was able to battle Frieza's second form after Frieza impaled and tortured Krillin. Less than half an hour earlier Gohan had been significantly weaker than Frieza's first form.
Culture Edit
Family Edit
Saiyan families appear to be far different to that of a traditional human family. Children are kept in pods as infants and monitored by doctors whilst their parents are usually occupied on mercenary missions. Even as infants, their natural strength means that they are capable of conquering planets like Earth single-handedly and so it is unlikely they spend much, if any time with their parents or siblings. Saiyans do tend to have close relationships with their friends/comrades however, with whom they do spend a great deal of time in battle. Of the (pure-blooded) Saiyan families seen, none have had close relationships except Prince Vegeta and his father and Bardock's relationship with his wife Gine (and maybe even Paragus and Broly, to a lesser extent).
In the Bardock TV special when Bardock was asked by Toma (Tora in America) if he remembered what day his new born son was born. He replies, "No, but that was a long time ago," possibly referring to his elder son Raditz. Seripa then goes on to say that it was the day before, and that he should go see him, implying that Saiyans care for their children to some extent.
Personality Edit
Saiyans tend to share common personality traits, even at young ages. Being a war-like people; they share an innate enjoyment for conflict and fighting; choosing violence over peace with other races. Saiyans are typically very aggressive and hard-headed, with short explosive tempers. They are an intensely proud people, with a society heavily based around honor and social hierarchy. Most of them are inclined to be arrogant at times, leading them to allow enemies to gain advantages in battle just for fun. It appears (as demonstrated by Vegeta, Nappa, and Bardock) they have a tendency to let their emotions get the better of them when roused in stimulating situations - resulting in them at times making rash decisions. They also appear to lack sympathetic emotions as though by choice rather than by nature as shown by their relative lack of fear of death and uncaring attitude towards siblings, i.e. Raditz brutal beating of his long-lost brother Goku and Vegeta's indifference to his father's death. Clearly, Vegeta nor Nappa never showed any signs of sympathy for their fallen comrade Raditz when he was killed, they merely laughed and stated that he was only a "weakling", although Nappa did suggest bringing Raditz back to life with the Dragon Balls. Vegeta and Nappa themselves had a good degree of camaraderie between them, but Vegeta did not hesitate to kill Nappa later on when he displayed weakness by panicking at Goku's power. Most Saiyans also possess a keen fighting sense and understanding of battle, which allows them to acquire many new skills, such as overcoming the weakness of their tails, learning to detect ki, and achieving new fighting forms and transformations.
Fighting Edit
Saiyans have an inborn need to fight. Most Saiyans will spend their lives training to become stronger so that they can prove themselves in battle. When Frieza hired/conquered the Saiyans as his planet brokers, he knew of their amazing fighting skills and used that to his advantage. However, Frieza began to notice how powerful the Saiyans were becoming and began to fear that one day one of them would overwhelm him as the most powerful being in the universe. This eventually lead to Frieza's destruction of Planet Vegeta and all the Saiyans on it. Saiyans like Goku and Vegeta are frequently seen training and improving their fighting skills to keep up with each other's skills and the appearance of new, more powerful foes.
Many of the Saiyan/Human hybrids that appear throughout the series possess extreme fighting potential. It is also very common for them to develop the ability to transform into Super Saiyans at childhood.
In Dragon Ball GT, Saiyan hybrids seem to have less potential than full-blooded ones, and female hybrids appear to be weaker. Of particular note is Pan, who fails to achieve even the first Super Saiyan transformation, though her grandson Goku Jr. still had enough Saiyan blood to wield it. This may or may not be because Pan never had sufficient emotional pressure.
Protection Edit
Saiyan Armors are standard armor of Saiyan Warriors and later standard issue for Frieza's army. They're made of an unknown material, which is said to be stretchy yet hard. However, they are known to shatter when dealt enough damage, showing that they are indeed hard and solid. The most commonly seen ones have dual shoulder guards and some form of skirt armor or crotch guard. Matching boots (often white in color, but others do exist) are standard issue, as is a pair of white gloves or fingerless wrist guards. Standard armor has large shoulder plates, but some simply have reinforced shoulder straps. Many also have skirt armor or plate shielding the groin. Most Saiyans wrap their tails around the armor's waist, appearing as if they have a furry belt. Armor appears to vary greatly in durability, as Frieza's armor is significantly more durable than the armor of his underlings, although it is probably ornamental.
Colored Saiyan armor Edit
We see Vegeta wear this when he is traveling to Earth in the Saiyan Saga. When he actually arrives on Earth the armor is much more like the armor Nappa is wearing in the next image. The only thing that sets it apart from regular Saiyan armor is its coloring. It should be noted though that this only occurs in the anime as, at the time the scene was animated, no official colored scenes of Vegeta or Nappa had been introduced in the manga so TOEI had to make up their own color schemes.
Other models Edit
Paragus wore a unique Saiyan armor during his appearance in Movie 8. Its overall design resembled the clothing of those on Yardrat worn by the Yardratians. His gloves and boots were purple throughout most of Movie 8, though in a few flashbacks his gloves, boots, and armor were differently colored (I.E yellow/orange) We also see Cabba wear a model native to Sadala that Vegeta states to look familiar.
Known members Edit
Full-blooded members Edit
Kakarot/Goku (Goku at Dragon Ball wiki)
Vegeta (Vegeta at Dragon Ball wiki)
King Vegeta (King Vegeta at Dragon Ball wiki)
Bardock (Bardock at Dragon Ball wiki)
Raditz (Raditz at Dragon Ball wiki)
Nappa (Nappa at Dragon Ball wiki)
Turles (Turles at Dragon Ball wiki)
Tarble (Tarble at Dragon Ball wiki)
Broly (Broly at Dragon Ball wiki)
Gine (Gine at Dragon Ball wiki)
Selipa (Fasha at Dragon Ball wiki)
Tora (Tora at Dragon Ball wiki)
Onio (Onio at Dragon Ball wiki)
Zorn (Zorn at Dragon Ball wiki)
Borgos (Borgos at Dragon Ball wiki)
Shugesh (Shugesh at Dragon Ball wiki)
Cabba (Cabba at Dragon Ball wiki)
Caulifla (Caulifla at Dragon Ball Wiki)
Kale (Kale at Dragon Ball Wiki)
Renso (Renso at Dragon Ball Wiki)
King Sadala (King Sadala at Dragon Ball Wiki)
Hybrids Edit
Gohan (Gohan at Dragon Ball wiki)
Future Trunks (Future Trunks at Dragon Ball wiki)
Trunks (Trunks at Dragon Ball wiki)
Goten (Goten at Dragon Ball wiki)
Bulla (Bulla at Dragon Ball wiki)
Pan (Pan at Dragon Ball wiki)
Goku Jr(Goku Jr at Dragon Ball wiki)
Vegeta Jr (Vegeta Jr at Dragon Ball wiki)
Bulma Leigh (Bulma Leigh at Dragon Ball wiki)
Transformations Edit
Main Article: Great Ape at Dragon Ball wiki
Raditz as a Great Ape in the Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi video games
All Saiyans with tails can transform into Great Apes when they look at the full moon. The key to trigger the transformation is the energy called Blutz Waves, which are produced via sunlight reflecting from the moon to make 17 million zenos. To become Great Apes, the Saiyans look to the sky and see the moon when it was full. As they kept looking at the moon, within a minute or less, they absorb the Blutz Waves, triggering the reaction in their tails and causing their transformation to begin. Then, either before or after the increasing heartbeat goes next, the pupils of their eyes change from black to red. Next, they started to grow muscular and bigger with fur sprouting all over their bodies, their pupils disappear from their eyes which then turned from white to red, even their faces grew muzzle-like while their ears pointed up and their teeth sharpened, thus completing the transformation. For another way to transform, the Saiyans can also eventually developed a Power Ball that mimics the full moon, allowing them to go Great Ape at will. And for the third, the use of a planetary body as the moon's resemblance (Like the Earth in Goku's case during Dragon Ball GT's Baby and Shadow Dragons Sagas). In Great Ape form, a Saiyan has ten times his/her natural strength, and grows to King-Kong proportions. The level of control an Great Ape can manifest depends upon the training and experience of that person: when Goku changes as a child in Dragon Ball, he ran wild and nearly killed his friends, just like he unknowingly crushed his Grandpa Gohan to death long ago. When Vegeta also transform during his fight with Goku in Dragon Ball Z's Saiyan/Vegeta Saga, he was able to speak, and maintained all of his memories. Most often, the ways to defeat the Saiyans involves cutting off their tails, and/or destroying the moon or Power Ball, turning them back from Great Apes to saiyans. In the crossover episodes of the Dr. Slump remake with Dragon Ball, Arale fights Goku when he is turned into his savage Great Ape form and starting to destroy Penguin Village. She and the Gatchans grabs him by the tail and throws him off into an open area. This reveals that squeezing the Saiyan tail harder can even drain Goku out of the absorbed Blutz Wave, turning him back to normal so he can keep his tail. While in this state, they can also fire overwhelmingly powerful mouth blasts, and other energy techniques. During their transformation process, growing to several times their original size, the Saiyans wear battle armors which can stretch to fit the Great Ape form and shrink back to fit their normal form without breaking. But for Goku and Gohan (as children), because they lived on Earth, they don't wear any of them. As a result, the transformation rips their clothes apart, meaning when they revert to their normal forms, they're naked. It even appears to be very exhausting, whereas Goku and Gohan always went unconscious (in other words, passing out and sleeping) after changing back from being Great Apes. And when they wake up, they don't remember anything.
Borgos
Fasha
Shugesh
King Vegeta
Turles
Raditz
Golden Great Ape Edit
The Golden Great Ape Baby Vegeta
Main Article: Golden Great Ape at Dragon Ball wiki
The Golden Great Ape (or Super Great Ape) is the far stronger transformation of the Great Ape, with golden fur from the tail to the rest of the body due to the power of a Super Saiyan. It's also the Saiyans' capability to transform using either the full moon or any planetary body and their Super Saiyan strength. The power of the Golden Great Ape multiplies many-fold, which far surpasses that of a Great Ape's in all areas. Their offensive capacities have become much greater, and their rage is even more intense than the Great Ape's, which is so great, that they can cause severe, major destruction. While in the Golden Great Ape state, the power and strength of a Saiyan increase extraordinarily. Only two Saiyans achieved this transformation: Goku and Vegeta. Just like the Great Apes, Golden Great Apes can also fire energy mouth blasts of enormously devastating power and other energy techniques, with even greater power and force. But they can also breath fire like dragons. In Dragon Ball GT, during his fight with Baby on the Tuffle Planet, Goku transforms into this form due to the Blutz Wave reflecting from Earth in the place of a full moon. But because of his near-lack of training from Old Kai, the heroic Saiyan's wild instincts got the better of him and he starts destroying the Tuffle Planet. Fortunately, Pan calms him down and convinces him into remembering everything including who he is, using the picture of their beach vacation on Earth and her tears. Thanks to Pan, Goku's consciousness returns, and with more power from the Earth, he transforms into a Super Saiyan 4.
False Super Saiyan Edit
Goku as a False Super Saiyan
Main Article: False Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
Is a partially transformed Super Saiyan; and serves as a midpoint between the saiyan's regular form and Super Saiyan form. Certain features such as elevated hair, no apparent pupils, and a golden aura are evident (though the aura is more erratic and uncontrolled than in the full transformation, as well as the hair being reddish rather than gold along with not holding its position as rigidly) however; this is only just part of the full transformation. The aura rubs off on opponents at times with the appearance of golden flames at the point of contact. Users do not seem to be in complete control while in this state. The reason the user reaches this form is that they have the rage and need to transform but lack the necessary power level. This form cannot be retained for very long since stress can build-up enormously from the lack of complete transformation needed to maintain stability of the power as seen in the film Lord Slug. This isn't the actual name of the transformation used in the film, where it is referred "Super Saiyan" form. Dragon Ball Daizenshu #7 introduces the name to cover the discrepancies between the Super Saiyan transformation in the film and the actual Super Saiyan form in the manga.
A Super Saiyan Level One
Main Article: Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
The first Super Saiyan transformation happens when a Saiyan who has reached his natural limit loses himself to a fit of rage. Even though the physical change is not too drastic, the power increase is quite colossal. Every hair follicle glows golden yellow due to the incredible amount of energy flowing through every molecule of the saiyan's body. The eye color changes to green and the muscles become more defined and toned. The Super Saiyan aura becomes steadily dancing waves of thick gold flame. Behavioral change is also quite noticeable, the Saiyan becomes more aggressive and temperamental than usual. The first Saiyan seen to reach Super Saiyan in the series is Goku when fighting Freeza. Through training, the negative effects of the transformation can be suppressed and controlled, resulting in a Super Saiyan who can suppress his energy and act normal as if he was not transformed. (See below, Full-Power Super Saiyan.) It was theorized in Dragon Ball Z movie Super Android 13, that these Super Saiyan transformations prevented Goku from performing his Spirit Bomb technique. One must be pure of heart to perform the technique, and as a Super Saiyan, Goku's heart is full of rage. In the film, when Goku became a Super Saiyan after gathering power for a Genki Dama, he lost control of the energy and instead absorbed it into himself.
Future Trunks
Vegeta Jr.
Goku Jr.
Gogeta
Vegito
Cabba
Caulifla
Super Saiyan 2nd Grade Edit
An Ascended Super Saiyan Level One
Main Article: 2nd Grade Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
This isn't really a true transformation but a sudden increase in power. This is a form reached when Super Saiyans train hard, they surpass their basic limits of their original Super Saiyan powers. This state appears as a Super Saiyan, but with the muscle mass on a Saiyan significantly increases. The behavioral changes from the original Super Saiyan level to this one are apparent—this state is known for its increased aggression, even from the original Super Saiyan state. It is considered to be a point in between the original Super Saiyan level and the Super Saiyan 2. This is the form Vegeta and Trunks use for the fight with Semi-Perfect Cell.
Super Saiyan 3rd Grade Edit
An Ascended Super Saiyan Level Two
Main Article: 3rd Grade Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
Is a very muscular and powerful form of the original Super Saiyan. The raw power is greatly superior, but since this form is so muscular, the user's speed drops dramatically and consumes a vast amount of energy. This form's negatives outweigh the positives, so, even though the power increase is drastic, the Saiyan will not even bother with the form due to the speed and energy loss. Perfect Cell also demonstrated that he could mimic this level of Super Saiyan. However, he explained that he lost his speed advantage and retained his 'perfect' form. This form is easy to reach through training after the achieving the previous form, Super Saiyan 2nd Grade, but it is impossible to control all the physical effects. The most noticeable change is the massive muscle increase. The hair becomes spikier, and the locks spread themselves out more than the previous forms of Super Saiyan. The now very wild, radiant aura sometimes surges with bio-electricity; rigid waves of flame, almost as if a crown of fire.
Full-Power Super Saiyan Edit
Full Power Super Saiyans
Main Article: Full-Power Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
The Full Power Super Saiyan is a third branch of the advanced Super Saiyan, that is absolutely unrelated to the Ascended and Ultra levels of Super Saiyan and stages of the transformation. Instead, it is a state of mental and physical perfection of the core Super Saiyan state itself. When Goku witnesses and experiences the substantial flaws of the advanced Super Saiyan stages. Goku decides not to train again to defeat Cell, but rather to spend the time having a common life in the Super Saiyan state to control that transformation without becoming weaker, as through mastery of the original Super Saiyan form is the best way to advance his abilities, and ultimately achieve even greater power. As a result, he focuses on training his body to suppress the negative effects of the Super Saiyan form, such as ki consumption and personality alterations. This state could only be achieved in a much less strenuous manner than Vegeta and Future Trunks' forcible attempts to advance. The key to the Full-Power Super Saiyan state is energy conservation rather than boosted energy output. This results in a Saiyan who is able to fight longer and more efficiently than with the Ascended and Ultra stages of Super Saiyan, and can even remain transformed for days without powering down as long they don't expend too much energy, essentially making the transformation the Saiyan's base form. In the real world, athletes who train in aerobics for extensive periods of time experience heightened states of rest: heart and respiratory rate are much lower than that of a normal person. The Super Saiyan transformation follows a similar fundamental concept. By remaining transformed for extended periods of time, the Super Saiyan can desensitize themselves to the negative effects of the transformation. Their wild emotions are kept in check, resulting in a more strategical fighting style, and ki consumption is reduced to negligible amounts. Energy radiation is reduced in tandem, and the aura takes on a smoother, flow-like appearance. By mastering the transformation, the Super Saiyan is able to retain transformation almost subconsciously. In requiring less ki to contribute to maintaining the transformation itself, the maximum amount of ki can thus be focused into the attacks giving the user access to power greater than that of even an Ascended Super Saiyan. Following the creation of this concept and the introduction of Super Saiyan 2, the second and third stages of Super Saiyan are rendered fully obsolete. Because Full-Power Super Saiyan was a learned state of being, and not necessarily a typical transformation or power stage, it was used throughout the remainder of Dragon Ball Z by Goku and Gohan.
Super Saiyan 2 Edit
Main Article: Super Saiyan 2 at Dragon Ball wiki
A Super Saiyan Level Two
This stage is very similar to Super Saiyan in appearance, where the muscles do not receive much of an increase in their mass. Other physical changes include longer, finer, and upright hair. The behavioral effects are the same as an un-mastered Super Saiyan and every physical change remains the same color as Super Saiyan. A Saiyan reaches a new level of power when he reaches this level, resulting in a larger aura that now has a very evident blue-colored, bio-electrical field. This form was first achieved by Gohan while battling Cell. The boost in power of the Super Saiyan 2 level is approximately equivalent to that given during the transformation to a standard Super Saiyan. For instance, against Cell and Bojack, both who can easily dominate those in the Super Saiyan level including the 2nd and 3rd grade, were easily defeated by Son Gohan in Super Saiyan 2 (the fight between Gohan and Cell lasted as long as it did only because Gohan wanted it to). It too is triggered by powerful emotions, but can also be reached through training. As seen with Gohan, when the form is first used, the user gains an almost sadistic sense of mind. One example of this happening is that after Gohan's first transformation, he wanted Cell to suffer for a while, instead of finishing him off when he could. This sadistic nature never showed up in any of the subsequent Super Saiyan 2 transformations. However, this is almost certainly due to the extreme anger felt by Gohan at that point in time and not a side effect of the Super Saiyan 2 transformation. There is some difficulty distinguishing between the first and second forms due to their being similar in appearance, and that Toei placed lightning on random auras with no sense of consistency in the anime. In the manga, it is easy to differentiate between them due to the second form's electricity surrounding the aura. In the case of adult Gohan, the only physical differences between the two forms are the lack of a smaller lock of hair in front of his face and the electricity. Super Saiyan 2 Vegeta appears identical to Super Saiyan Vegeta except for the electricity and longer, spikier hair.
Bardock - Video Game only
A Super Saiyan Level Three
This form is the strongest of all Super Saiyan forms in the manga Dragon Ball series. This form is quite unique compared to the other forms because of the fact that it rapidly consumes its own user's energy which leads to fatigue, something that makes movement less fluid and consistent. This happens so quickly that the Saiyan is only able to maintain the transformation for a short period of time, before the Saiyan's power depletes enough to force him to power down to his normal form. This makes the form very hard to control for the user. Only Goku and the fused body of Gotenks are shown to be able to handle the immense power that the form requires it to manifest itself. While Goku was in the Other World, he could maintain the form for longer than on Earth because time does not pass in the Other World, but once he came back to life his limited living body could not handle it for very long. Super Saiyan 3 is characterized by very long, golden hair in full reaching down with a condensed forward strand of hair, in addition to the Saiyan's eyebrows disappearing. Also it is noted that Goku's eyes have changed in that he has green eyes and pupils, however Gotenks does not have the same characteristic. The bolts of lightning flaring up and dancing about are carried over from Super Saiyan 2. This form increases power and speed even more than a Super Saiyan 2's augmentations. In Dragon Ball GT, the fur of Goku's tail is often gold because of his Super Saiyan 3 form during his fight with Baby on the Tuffle Planet, but it remained brown via Super Saiyan during his battle with Super 17.
Vegeta - Video Game only
Trunks - Video Game only
Gogeta - Video Game only
A Super Saiyan Level Four
This is another unique Super Saiyan form known to be reached. The Super Saiyan 4 form can only be reached by transforming into a Golden Great Ape and then gaining conscious control over the form. Once this form is attained, it can be accessed at any point. This form was first achieved by Goku when battling Baby Vegeta. Somehow, the Old Kai knew of Super Saiyan 4 and its abilities. In this form, the Saiyan's hair changes color (in Goku's case it turned black again, and Vegeta's original hair color has a tint of brown in it), the tail is present (due to the necessity of transforming into an Oozaru before taking this form) and the body and tail are covered in some shade of red fur. A Saiyan in this form also possesses a red shadow trim around the eyes and over the eyelids. The hair is lengthened and grows wild and untamed. This form has the characteristics of a basic humanoid Saiyan and the Great Ape's characteristics. This is why this form has natural color hair with the mighty Great Ape's fur and tail. In addition, the power and abilities of a Saiyan increase tremendously to the point that they can fight at their very utmost.
Legendary Super Saiyan Edit
A Legendary Super Saiyan
Main Article: Legendary Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
In Broly: The Legendary Super Saiyan, the audience is introduced to Broly, the Legendary Super Saiyan. Broly's final transformation puts him in a class of his own because it is genetic. The result is a Super Saiyan with an unbelievably vast power that far outclasses the regular Super Saiyan. Beyond his initial Super Saiyan transformation, Broly's final form is very similar to an Ultra Super Saiyan, but with several notable differences. His size, muscle mass, strength, and speed are extraordinarily far beyond that of any regular Super Saiyan to the point of being abnormal. Additionally, his irises and pupils in his eyes seemingly disappear. Broly's seeming invincibility stems from his great power and not his muscles, as he possesses a vast quantity of raw energy.
Legendary Super Saiyan 3 Edit
Legendary Super Saiyan 3
Main Article: Legendary Super Saiyan 3 at Dragon Ball wiki
The Legendary Super Saiyan 3 form is a form attainable by those who can use the Legendary Super Saiyan form, it is much more powerful than Super Saiyan 3 and Legendary Super Saiyan. This form is used by Broly in several games.
Broly - Video Game only
Super Saiyan God Edit
Super Saiyan God
Main Article: Super Saiyan God at Dragon Ball wiki
Super Saiyan God is the ultimate form of a Saiyan, the form gives the Saiyans a fiery aura and red hair. Super Saiyan God is attained when there are six pure hearted Saiyans and five of them give their power to the sixth. It is also noted that this form utilises a difrrent for of ki than a normal saiyan. This ki is known as "God Ki".
Vegeta-(implied)
Yamoshi (original Super Saiyan God)
Super Saiyan God Super Saiyan Edit
Super Saiyan Blue
Main Article: Super Saiyan God Super Saiyan at Dragon Ball wiki
also known as Super Saiyan Blue this form is obtained when ad super saiyan god masters their transformation and becomes a super saiyan using god ki. It is notably more powerful than the normal super saiyan god. The calmness in this forms state allows Goku to use Kaio-Ken unlike his previous forms. This can be anywhere from times 3, times 10 or times 20.
Super Saiyan True Blue (fan name) Edit
This form is currently only in use by one saiyan which is Vegeta. It is seen being used in episode 123 of Dragon Ball Super. This form not only darkens the hair of Super Saiyan Blue but it also slightly alters the eyes giving them pupils. This form greatly increases ones strength when used aswell as speed. It is speculated this form is even stronger than that of Super Saiyan Blue + x20 Kaioken which is used by Goku.
Ultra Instinct Edit
This is currently Goku's strongest power far exceeding that of Super Saiyan God Super Saiyan. Ultra Instinct is a very rare and highly advanced mental state. It is notorious among the Supreme Kais and Gods of Destruction for being exceptionally difficult to master, even for gods.
Bra Brief
Bulma Leigh
Kakarot aka Son Goku
Onio
Original Super Saiyan
Panbukin
Paragus
Prince Tarble
Seripa
Totepo
Trunks Brief
Vegeta Junior
Saiyan in live action.
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text:
Innovative VProp Finds New Home
The VProp automatic variable pitch propeller was originally designed by Thomas Strieker and produced by Silent Aircraft GmbH of Verl, Germany, but has been unavailable since it went out of production in 2011.
Intended as a purpose-designed propeller for the Jabiru 2200 and 3300 engines, in its two and three-bladed version respectively, the rights to the design have now been passed to the well-established propeller manufacturer, Hoffmann Propeller GmbH & Co. KG of Rosenheim, Germany.
Hoffmann are not currently offering VProps for sale, but are engaged in further developing the design to make it available for a wider range of engines with a wider range of power outputs. Hoffmann Propeller Technical Engineering's Stefan Bichlmeyr is leading the development effort.
The innovative VProp design uses aluminium blades mated to an aluminium hub through vibration dampened ball-and-socket joints. The pitch of the blades is controlled automatically, without pilot input. The blades are kept at an optimal angle of incidence through a co-axially-mounted, counter-rotating vaned spinner mounted in front of the blades on the hub. The vanes drive an internal generator which measures the prop's rpm and the speed of the aircraft. An electronic control unit mounted inside the hub takes this information and compares it to optimal profiles set on the ground and then uses an electric motor-driven pitch change actuator to optimize the blade pitch for the aircraft's speed and engine rpm.
The VProp's pitch range is limited by mechanical stops and if electronic control is lost it mechanically reverts to a safe pitch angle automatically, as a fail-safe.
Because there are no cockpit control runs the VProp is entirely self-contained and internally powered, making it simple to install and maintain. In flight it reduces pilot workload over traditional constant speed propellers, as there is no pilot input required.
In the past the VProp has been available only for experimental installations, but Hoffmann hopes to eventually certify the design.
This article also appeared in the August 2013 edition of COPA Flight.
More About The 2013 CAHS National Convention and AGM
Reviving Aerobatics Canada Chapter 5
Rockcliffe Canada Day Fly-in Is On
Rockcliffe Flying Club Starts An IFR Club
Iroquois Fly-In Breakfast 21 July 2013
The Ottawa Flying Club Needs You!


There are no limits to what topics and subjects can be posted in a Master Class. You'll already see a really interesting topic on How to Sing at Weddings posted by Ron.
If you have a skill or believe you have something that can help other members, go ahead and post it. That is the whole idea of Melody Fusion: to help our fellow musicians.
You never know, you may even find a Master Class that may help you!
I really love your voice, Holly is the best.


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Vidya Balan's Sherni Shoot Was Never Halted, Says MP Minister
By Namrata Ganguly
Dec 1,2020
Vidya Balan Promotes 'Mission Mangal'
Madhya Pradesh Forest Minister Vijay Shah has denied reports that he had halted the shooting of Vidya Balan's upcoming Hindi film Sherni after the actor allegedly declined his dinner invitation.
According to a Times Now report, vehicles of the production team of Balan's film were stopped from entering a forest in Madhya Pradesh by the District Forest Officer (DFO) of Balaghat, a day after the actor allegedly refused to accept the Minister's dinner invitation.
However, the Minister told ANI that it was he who had refused to accept a lunch/dinner invite from the film's crew when they sought permission to shoot.
Was there(Balaghat)on request from those who took permission for shoot & requested me for lunch/dinner. I said not possible now, I'll meet them when I go to Maharashtra. Lunch/dinner was cancelled, shoot wasn't: MP min Vijay Shah on reports of his dinner invitation to Vidya Balan pic.twitter.com/N0f4nJBU73
The film has run into issues since shooting began in Madhya Pradesh. Shooting had to be stalled in March due to the Covid-19 outbreak, and only resumed end-October. Meanwhile, a few weeks ago actor Vijay Raaz was arrested for allegedly molesting a crew member. Raaz is out on bail, but is no longer a part of the film. After getting bail, the actor left for Mumbai. Vidya Balan, makers or the production team of the film have not issued a statement on the incident as yet.
Balan, along with the rest of the team, has been shooting for Sherni in the jungles of Madhya Pradesh's Balaghat for a few weeks now.
Padmaavat Review: Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Grandeur Fails To Mask The Outrageous Glorification Of Misogyny
Bobby Simha & Reshmi Menon Now Have A Baby
Centre Amends Cable Television Network Rules, Provides Statutory 'Grievance Redressal Mechanism'
Namrata Ganguly is a Correspondent at Silverscreen India, and can be reached by email at namrata@silverscreen.in


text:
if [ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]; then
  brew update
  brew install redis
  brew services start redis
  brew install mongodb
  brew services start mongodb

  source travis/terryfy/library_installers.sh
  clean_builds
  get_python_environment $PYTHON_INSTALL_METHOD $PYTHON_VERSION venv
fi

python setup.py install
pip install -r dev-requirements.txt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
John Helliwell
JOHN ANTHONY HELLIWELL - A BIOGRAPHY - 2020
John was born in Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England (U.F.O. centre of the U.K.) in 1945 and grew up, rather sheltered from the big world, in the quite austere 1950s. He sang in the church choir and had piano lessons for a year at age nine. After hearing Monty Sunshine play "Petite Fleur" with Chris Barber's Jazz Band, he was inspired, and saved up for two years to buy a clarinet for £15 when he was thirteen.
He soon began to appreciate "modern" jazz and bought a saxophone two years later. His inspirations then were Cannonball Adderley, Sonny Rollins, Miles Davis and Art Blakey.
When he left school he went to Birmingham to work as a computer programmer. There he played with various bands and groups including "The Dicemen" (we wore "Beatle" suits with trousers so tight they had to be lifted on to the stage) and "Jugs O'Henry" with whom he turned professional in 1965.
"Jugs.." was short-lived, and, after putting an advertisement in the "Melody Maker" music weekly which read "Have sax, will travel", he joined "The Alan Bown Set" with whom he spent six years. They made several albums, played thousands of gigs, and had the singers Jess Roden, Gordon Neville and Robert Palmer. Their music progressed (or regressed, depending on your point-of-view) from soul music to quite free jazzy rock, calling in on flower-power and psychedelia on the way.
After the demise of "The Alan Bown!" (as it became) in 1971 he followed their bass player Dougie Thomson into "The Twilight Rooms" club in London to play non-stop music from 9pm to 3am for strippers and singers, and where the clientele would have to purchase vast quantities of Champagne for the "hostesses". When he couldn't stand that any more, he moved to the "Celebrity Club" a much more up-market, sophisticated place. Still plenty of naked breasts though!
After touring with the bands of Jimmy Ruffin, Arthur Conley and Johnny Johnson in England, and also a spell in Germany with Pete Lancaster playing mostly U.S. air bases, he got a call from Supertramp, asking him to come and play with them in August of 1973. John was intrigued with, and excited by, the music, told a few good jokes, and stuck around (for 43 years so far!).
They made the album "Crime of the Century" and began the long climb to international success, moving to California in the process. "Breakfast in America" was the biggest selling album in the world in 1979!
During a Supertramp hiatus in the nineties, he moved back to England to study at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. However, a scholarly life was to take a back seat in 1996 when he worked with ex-Supertramper Roger Hodgson, and then began recording and touring again with Supertramp.
John now plays music based on his many inspirations - including jazz, funk, blues, soul and rock. He has a jazz group - "Crème Anglaise" and also plays around Europe - lately with Leslie ManDoki and Alan Simon. Supertramp is currently on hold due to the illness of it's founder, Rick Davies, but may continue touring in the future.
John now has two more projects: 1) "The Super Big Tramp Band" - an 18 piece big band playing the music of Supertramp instrumentally with John soloing and acting as master of ceremonies and 2) "Ever Open Door" - a sextet playing folk tunes and ballads with saxophone and clarinet, a string quartet and Hammond organ.
Ever Open Door
02-10-2020 AP-Reviews
This collaboration with fellow Manchester-area artists – creative keyboards guru John Ellis and The Singh String Quartet – presents an interesting range of compositions and arrangements, many by fellow saxophonist (and educator) Andy Scott.
02-10-2020 Jazzviews
The music on the album is of a uniformly high standard from beginning to end. A much visited tune of the saxophonist's, the traditional 'Waly Waly' sounds as fresh here as ever, along with a lovely 'The Ballad Of The Sad Yound Men', one of two live tracks recorded the evening prior to the main studio session for the album. This is a delightful recording that, to coin a phrase, if everyone was listening, can warm up the coldest and most cynical of hearts.


A wide open park with only a few trees. A small creek comes into play on a few holes. Large wooden posts mark each tee.
From Denver; I-25 N for 30 miles to exit 245 toward Mead. Turn left onto Co Rd 34. Go 1 mile to a right on 1st St. Parking on the right.
Drainage Ditch comes into ply on most holes, but is easy to retrieve discs from. Very Hilly, no flat holes.


text:
The Mystery Bookshelf
Helping You Select Truly Excellent Books
C.T.'s Favorite Crime Novels
John's Favorite Crime Novels
Harry Bosch by Michael Connelly
Keller by Lawrence Block
John March by Peter Spiegelman
Charlie Parker by John Connolly
Moe Prager by Reed Farrel Coleman
February 20, 2012 / John Sheridan
Review: Defending Jacob by William Landay
2012, crime, Defending Jacob, mystery, new, NYT Bestseller, William Landay
Links: Amazon, Amazon UK, Book Depository UK
I decided to read this following a ringing endorsement by Joseph Finder hailing it as one of the best books of the year for 2012…that's some claim to make in January. (For further details see: https://twitter.com/joefinder/status/161083671984607232)
Defending Jacob is recounted from the perspective of Andy Barber who is the lead assistant district attorney and who normally takes the murder cases that arise as he's primarily a trial lawyer rather than the political operators found elsewhere in the DA's office but nothing about what his family are to undergo can be considered normal. The book deals with the difficult subject matter of the death of a child which is exacerbated when his own son, the Jacob of the title, becomes the prime suspect in the murder of a classmate. Beware potential spoilers to follow below.
The only thing possibly worse than the death of a child is your child being responsible for the death of another and the novel charts the trials and tribulations of the Barber family through the initial murder, suspicion, arrest and trial. His two parents adopt very different coping strategies as Jacob's mother, Laurie, turns inwards and disintegrates while Andy at times appears strangely distant and adopts a "my child can do no wrong" stance that appears to be at odds with his statement of "I don't have a parenting style. I'm just making it up as I go." Through it all former colleagues and friends largely isolate them.
A good novel will often go above and beyond pure plot and character to provoke you into thinking about your beliefs and attitudes and I had just starting thinking about the nature versus nurture debate in relation to child rearing when it made its appearance in this book. One of the psychological conditions referred to of reactive attachment disorder could be the nightmare of any parent who has had to send a child to daycare!
As mentioned previously, the novel is recounted from the point of view of Andy Barber, Jacob's father, which raises questions as to what legal events have unfolded as he is being questioned by his replacement as ADA in front of a grand jury but given the trial is in the past at this point (even if we don't yet know the outcome) it makes you question as to what else has happened for these circumstances to arise.
At different points, either parent could be accused of trying to pervert the course of justice so the confession and suicide of the mooted alternative suspect comes as a bolt from the blue particularly as it had been largely dismissed as wishful thinking on Andy Barber's part while in his role as ADA, the question that springs to mind of course is whether it was actually a forced confession and staged suicide courtesy of "Father" O'Leary – the old ex-con associate of Jacob's grandfather – Bloody Billy Barber.
An irresistible impulse to keep reading to reach the conclusion – read the novel and you'll understand the reference. Overall I was impressed by this and can understand why it has generated some good buzz and is riding high in The NY Times bestseller list. It is due to be published in the UK in mid-March.
On a personal note, I've added his two previous novels to my constantly expanding wanted list.
Filed under Mystery News, Recommendations, Reviews
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20 Must Read Hard Boiled Classics – Part 1 of 4
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AWARD WINNING MYSTERIES SINCE 2000
The Very Best of Steve Hamilton's Alex McKnight Series
Today's Best Hard-Boiled Writers
The Lock Artist Wins Edgar Award for Best Novel
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Belated Best of 2014
Stuart Neville's The Final Silence
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2014 Releases I'm Looking Forward To
The Troubles Trilogy – Adrian McKinty
Capt. Alexei Korolev
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Two from Tyrus Books
Jo Nesbo's Harry Hole
The Dark Pool by J.E. Fishman
Forthcoming Fiction
Alex vs. The Summer of Dead Toys
Gun Machine by Warren Ellis
A couple of books to anticipate
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the matter of thousands of individuals worldwide will be traced to the burial in their destinies through evil powers.
When someone's future is buried, it maintains to stink within the grave like Lazarus' corpse. With that sort of situation, difficulties like non-achievement, poverty, failure on the fringe of breakthroughs, consistent disappointments and fruitless hardworking are rife. Many fight yet prove reaching not anything.
For a few, there are sturdy clients, possibilities, promotions and breakthroughs which are locked up within the grave. Such humans want the voice of strength to sound out aggressively of their occasions.
The challenge of Lazarus can't be dealt with with light prayers. It wishes consistent bombardments for a couple of days.
Whatever has been buried on your lifestyles, kinfolk, ministry or enterprise will obtain the contact of fireside and turn into resurrected.
This e-book is a trouble-free prayer handbook. it's robust, prophetic and end result orientated. inside 3 months and some days, you could adopt a scientific prayer trip spending among half-hour to one hour to hope the prayer that might swap your future ceaselessly.
If you're uninterested in having your potentials locked up within the enemy's felony, and also you are looking to say bye to residing like a servant between your colleagues, you want to deal with those prayer issues faithfully and aggressively.
Your entry to this publication is a lifestyles time chance to adventure a transformation of future from barrenness to fruitfulness, failure to good fortune, weak point to power, poverty to prosperity, none success to nice exploits and from mediocrity to excellence.
With this e-book on your fingers, devil, obdurate pursuers, loved ones wickedness and foundational witchcraft are in difficulty.
Let me guarantee you; quickly and intensely quickly, your lifeless bones will upward push back, all items of grave textile may be burnt through fireplace and your Lazarus shall turn into a prince within the land of the living.
from God's vantage aspect. Many believers became insensitive, numb, and almost powerless to accommodate the occult on the planet at the present time. yet this isn't going to prevent demon-busting pastor Kim Daniels. In her loving but confrontational variety, she exposes the enemy's infiltration and methods to maintain us spiritually "dumbeddown.
Within the previous testomony, King David's lifestyles was once marked by means of battles. David's battles have been significant—they have been fought over land and gear, and God gave him victory after victory. hundreds of thousands of years later, God's humans proceed to struggle battlers of a special style. at the present time, our battles are extra major and the stakes are greater.
Worry is a debilitating strength for lots of humans. worry is available in many alternative types and will assault from many various angles. a few individuals are afraid to fail, afraid to prevail, afraid to make a screw up, frightened of the longer term, fearful of the unknown, petrified of God, frightened of a chairman or co-worker, or frightened of a father or mother.
Search God's Grace and tool on your Marriage trip What matters do you fight with on your marriage? Do you discover it tricky to teach love for those who consider your wishes should not being met? have you ever hung on to resentment for thus lengthy that it kind of feels most unlikely to forgive? Do you want God's blessing and additional encouragement for the difficult days?


text:
Analog device
Find sources: "Analog device" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Analog device is usually a combination of both analog machine and analog media that can together measure, record, reproduce, or broadcast continuous information, for example, the almost infinite number of grades of transparency, voltage, resistance, rotation, or pressure. In theory, the continuous information (also analog signal) has an infinite number of possible values with the only limitation on resolution being the accuracy of the analog device.
1.1 Non-electrical
1.2 Electrical
2 Interfacing the digital and analog worlds
Non-electricalEdit
There are notable non-electrical analog devices, such as clocks (sundials, water clocks, pendulum clocks, analog watches), the astrolabe, slide rules, the governor of a steam engine, the planimeter (a simple device that measures the area of a closed shape), Kelvin's mechanical tide predictor, acoustic rangefinders, servomechanisms (e.g. the thermostat), a simple mercury thermometer, a bathroom scale, and the speedometer
ElectricalEdit
The telautograph is an analogue precursor to the modern fax machine. It transmits electrical impulses recorded by potentiometers to stepping motors attached to a pen, thus being able to reproduce a drawing or signature made by the sender at the receiver's station. It was the first such device to transmit drawings to a stationary sheet of paper; previous inventions in Europe used rotating drums to make such transmissions.
An analog synthesizer is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog computer techniques to generate sound electronically.
The analog television encodes television and transports the picture and sound information as an analogue signal, that is, by varying the amplitude and/or frequencies of the broadcast signal. All systems preceding digital television, such as NTSC, PAL or UNIT are analog television systems.
An analog computer is a form of computer that uses electrical, mechanical or hydraulic phenomena to model the problem being solved. More generally an analog computer uses one kind of physical quantity to represent the behaviour of another physical system, or mathematical function. Modeling a real physical system in a computer is called simulation.
Interfacing the digital and analog worldsEdit
In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A) is a circuit for converting a digital signal (usually binary) to an analog signal (current, voltage or electric charge). Digital-to-analog converters are interfaces between the digital world and analog world. An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers.
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