text:
Podcast title 17 Reasons
Website URL http://17reasons.blogspot.com/...
Updated Mon, 01 Jul 2019 23:27:10 PDT
Category Arts & Entertainment
1. SFMOMA Podcast now up and ready to download!
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r... download (video/mp4, 0.00Mb)
Description: WELL.
After pulling a couple of all nighters, enduring the entire obliteration of my laptop's hard drive, and struggling to learn Cool Edit Pro, I finally have the first 10 entries of my SFMOMA Podcast ready for you, the listener, to download to your iPods and .mp3 players. But, I have a lot more than 10 recordings and plan on adding extra podcast tracks for you to download in the future. Please check back periodically to see if there is new content!
To listen to a streaming version, just visit http://www.archive.org/details/17ReasonsPodcast.
AVAILABLE TRACKS:
Robert Gober, Untitled, 1992 *pics*
Joseph Cornell, Untitled (Pink Palace), 1946-48*pics*
Yves Klein, IKB74, 1958*pics*
Adrian Piper, Art for the Art World Surface Pattern, 1976/1987*pics*
Andy Warhol, Red Liz, 1962*pics*
Sol LeWitt, Wall Drawing #232: the location of a square, 1975*pics*
Wangechi Mutu, Misguided Little Unforgivable Hierarchies, 2005*pics*
Robert Rauschenberg v. Robert Ryman, The White Paintings*pics*v. Untitled [E]*pics*
Robert Irwin, Untitled, 1968
Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona Chair, 1929
**WHAT THE HELL IS THIS?!**
GOOD QUESTION! This is a podcast about the SFMOMA collection, concieved of and edited by me, Ms. S. W. Pau, as an alternative audio experience to accompany you on your next Museum visit. The voices in these recordings belong to friends who have little or no formal art historical background (or least a heckuva lot less than your average curator or NY Times art critic). Armed with a lo-budget, lo-fi, rather janky mobile recording "studio"-- iPod, iTalk attachment and lavalier mic -- this small army of art lovers wandered through the SFMOMA galleries, capturing their uncensored reactions in digital form. I've edited down the content (some were 20 minutes long) and added musical accompaniment, but other than that, these are their unadulterated comments.
UM, OKAY. THAT'S COOL, I GUESS. NOW WHAT DO I DO WITH IT?
1. Download the .mp3s below and drop them onto you iPod or other .mp3 player.
2. Visit the SFMOMA galleries. Listen. Look. Enjoy.
3. Think about the art you are viewing, even as you listening to the thoughts and impressions of other visitors.
4. Pass it on to friends and family. Send comments to:17reasons@gmail.com, or post them on my blog!
2. Tour d'Espresso ride, April 19, 2009
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r... download (, 0.00Mb)
Description: This past Sunday, James and I, along with about 20 fellow bike riders, braved the 90-degree heat wave, notoriously pot-holed San Francisco streets, and of course the Cesar Chavez St. "Hairball" in search of the finest cuppas our fair city has to offer. An overwhelming craving for pupusas at Balompie had us veering off after the Coffee Bar, but it was a jittery, jaggedly, great time.
Big thanks for Frank Chan, our photo-taking, espresso sipping guide, and of course to the awesome SF Bicycle Coalition for leading and organizing the tour! The interactive "Map" provided by our friends at Flickr lets you re-enact our adventure: http://www.flickr.com/photos/geekstinkbreath/sets/72157616987027189/map/
Enjoy these documents our our little group's adventure! P.S. That's my beautiful bike in the foreground of the first slide you see- you can see James and I in the background!
3. I think this picture says it all.
Photo of "Adios Douchebag" wheatpaste poster courtesy Peter Samis.
4. Mushroom Hunt!
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r... download (application/x-shockwave-flash, 0.05Mb)
Description: Beginning around September to October of each year, a wonderful incubation takes place in the soil. Seemingly overnight, the plentiful fog and the rain bring forth a kaleidoscopic display of sometimes edible, sometimes poisonous, but always otherworldly and wondrous fungi. Of course mushrooms and fungi are always present in our world, but in the fall and winter to early spring they tend to reveal themselves to us more readily. Since I began hunting for them about a decade ago, I've never lost my wonder at these strange and beautiful life forms.
For the past few years, I've made a point of going on a few solo mushroom forays around Christmas time-- usually to Butano State Park or to Point Reyes National Seashore -- my favorite spot on earth (sorry folks, that's as specific as I'll get!). I find it's a great way to remind myself of the simple pleasures in life, even amidst all the bluster and mayhem of the holidays. Here are some pictures of my latest Christmas foray. Enjoy!
5. Stephanie's Milanese Madness, June 18-23, 2007
6. James and Stephanie's Berlin Blitz, June 23-30, 2007
7. Hovering
Coasting at 15,000 ft on my first descent into the Europe, I was suddenly struck by the strangeness of the tapestry below. I peered down at the expanse spread out before me, pressing my forehead against the glass, while I struggled to pinpoint what it was that made this "new" landscape so different from what I had seen dozens of times before in my domestic flights.
Quietly it came to me-- the reason rested "squarely" in geometry. Squares and right angles, that's what you get when you look down at the landscape of the American countryside. Small farms on ordered parcels of land, laid in neat grids of gingham. And now, wonderfully, something new hovered below. The German countryside seemed chopped, disordered, an intricate weaving of tiny parcels with rounded edges. In particular, my eyes traced the boundaries of one enormous handful of land, which was suddenly bisected by a tiny sliver of smaller parcels crammed into a jagged row. Unlike the large quilt of squares and rectangles I had become accustomed to in the States, whose boundaries represented the agreed-upon terms of real estate transactions, the little plots below me seemed somehow weathered. I couldn't help but think of river stones, or crackers that had been nibbled at the edges.
Chalk it up to the romantic notions of a girl from the "New World" who had read one too many history books and an Anthro degree. I couldn't help but to interpret the disordered landscape as one intricate story, which was itself made up of countless subplots and storylines. In my mind, the shape of each individual parcel existed as an artifact of long-forgotten circumstances-- battles, family feuds, fortunes made and fortunes lost, each event leaving its trace on each parcel of land. With the luxury of many centuries to develop, the landscape seemed to have morphed into one massive German fairy tale.
I landed at Berlin (Tegel) Airport within the next hour, but wasn't to arrive in Berlin quite yet...First I jumped on an Alitalia flight to Milan, to see my dear friend Camilla, and her Belgian roommate Nele. More to come...
8. Somehow I think Marcel would have approved....
Tuesday, January 24, 2006 (AP)
Attacker of Duchamp's Urinal Sentenced
PARIS, France (AP) -- A court has convicted a 77-year-old French man for attacking artist Marcel Duchamp's famed porcelain urinal with a hammer, rejecting the defendant's contention that he had increased the value of the art work by making it an "original." The court gave Pierre Pinoncelli a three-month suspended prison sentence Tuesday and ordered him to pay a $245,490 fine. Pinoncelli also was ordered to pay $17,616 to repair "Fountain," a work worth millions of dollars that was chipped in the Jan. 4 hammer attack at the Pompidou Center. The work was part of an exhibit of the early 20th century's avant-garde Dada movement. The Pompidou Center had sought more than $523,930 for the damage. Pinoncelli-- who announced that he plans to appeal the decision-- told reporters that what he had done was not vandalism but a "wink" at Dadaism that had Duchamp's blessing. "I told him in 1967 that I would do something," Pinoncelli said. "I added to its value," he said, assuring that Duchamp would "have had a good laugh." Duchamp, who died in 1968, emphasized the creative process, and a role for the spectator. The work has an estimated value of $3.4 million, said Marie Delion, a lawyer for the Pompidou Center. The original was lost but in 1964 Duchamp created eight other versions of the work. After buying his ticket to the exhibit on Jan. 4, Pinoncelli attacked "Fountain" with a hammer before writing "Dada" on the sculpture. Pinoncelli, a former salesman who calls himself a participant in the creative process as conceived by Duchamp, said that his hammer attack was an artistic endeavor. During questioning, he had told police his attack was a work of performance art and said then it might have pleased the artists of Dada. The January urinal attack was not the first for Pinoncelli. He urinated on the piece during a 1993 exhibition in Nimes in southern France. "The day that you understand that what belongs to someone else does not belong to you, things will go better between yourself and society," the court said after handing down the sentence. Pinoncelli's actions are not limited to the Dada movement or works of art.He cut off his own finger as an expression of solidarity with Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt, held hostage by leftist guerrillas since 2002. Duchamp's idea to transform a urinal into a work of art first appeared in1917 when he tried to display the piece at a New York show using a pseudonym, R. Mutt. It was refused. A 2004 poll of 500 arts figures ranked "Fountain" as the most influential work of modern art, ahead of Pablo Picasso's "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon,"Andy Warhol's screen prints of Marilyn Monroe and "Guernica," Picasso's depiction of war's devastation.
9. Me...on BBC?
Description: Last week Geoff e-mailed me a link to a segment that aired on Go Digital, "the weekly BBC World Service programme that looks at how technology is changing our lives." Host Gareth Mitchell reported on podcasting, a new media hybrid of "broadcasting" and .mp3 technology (hence the "iPod" reference) that some believe will revolutionize the way audio information is created and distributed. This has yet to be proven, but it's fun anyhow.
Nerd that I am, I wrote Gareth to comment on the show, and included a shamelessly self-promotional plug for my own podcast project. Amazingly, Gareth actually followed the link, listened to the podcast, and asked if he could air my write-in and a clip!
Wow. This is the most "press" I've recieved since winning that Hemingway Days short story competition a decade ago!
Well, Gareth works quick, and the show aired this morning. You can download and/or listen to it here. The whole episode is great, but if you don't have time you can move the controller to the 14:00 spot, which is where I make my guest appearance. That's a little past halfway, for those of you who don't have a timecode bar.
Unfortunately, the clip I sent to Gareth does not have the musical backing, which I feel really enhances the speech recordings. I thought Four Tet and Kid Loco would understand-- Gareth's legal advisors didn't.
P.S. Don't miss the recently posted tunes by Óskar Arnórsson's legends of Icelandic hip-hop, "The Sweaty Janitors". As James so astutely put it this morning-- these songs are"F A N - F U C K I N G - T A S T IC!"
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r... download (audio/mpeg, 6.40Mb)
Description: Four visitors to SFMOMA discuss Robert Gober's "Untitled" Room Installation (1992)
Description: An SFMOMA visitor talks about Joseph Cornell's "Untitled (Pink Palace)" (1946/1948)
Description: An SFMOMA visitor discusses Yves Klein and his painting "IKB74" (1958)
Description: Four visitors to SFMOMA's galleries discuss Adrian Piper's installation "Art for the Art World Surface Pattern" (1976/1987)
Description: An SFMOMA visitor discusses Andy Warhol's "Red Liz" (1962)
Description: Two visitors to SFMOMA discuss Sol LeWitt's "Wall Drawing #232" (1975)
Description: Two SFMOMA visitors discuss Wanetchi Mutu's "Misguided Little Unforgivable Hierarchies" (2005)
Description: Visitors to SFMOMA's galleries compare the white paintings of Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Ryman
Description: Visitors to SFMOMA discuss Robert Irwin's "Untitled" (1975)
Description: Two visitors to SFMOMA discuss Mies van der Rohe's modernist masterpiece, the Barcelona chair design of 1929
20. Icelandic Researchers Name "The Mint" America's No. 1 Den of Sin, Salvation
Description: Last Sunday, after walking with 25,000 others at the San Francisco AIDS Walk, someone came up with a brilliant plan to celebrate 'Lil Nik's rare San Francisco appearance with 6 1/2 hours of drinking in the foggy back yard of Zeitgeist. In all, I counted 5 pitchers of Steelhead Pale Ale, a number of spilled Chimays, and untold Jameson shots among the casualties. Bonobo Jones replayed his beer-lap-drenching fiasco about 20 times (at James' teary-eyed request) and we all debated the merits of Ben Davis (the "Harley Davidson of coarse clothing" according to the website) v. Dickies work pants. No end in sight for this one, but so far the Dickies seem to be rallying more support.
Things I learned on Sunday:
Óskar (our new Icelandic friend and official San Francisco tour guide) was once in a hip-hop band called "The Sweaty Janitors". They rubbed corn oil under their arm pits to simulate the unmistakable yellow stink that we in the U.S. refer to as "B.O."Other things learned about Óskar. Height: Same now as he was when he was 13. Must be all that hákarl he ate as a youngster on the frozen tundra. Favorite NBA Player: Carl Malone-- "Because he played dirty without anybody catching him". Best celebrity face impersonation: Owen Wilson (the effect is only complete with the help of JBDub's spot-on Owen Wilson voice impersonation.For several weeks in the late 1990s, John Barretto (hereafter: "Big Daddy Kane" ) was sighted traversing the verdant grounds of Cal Poly's campus with the assistance of his grandfather's jaunty cane (hereafter: "kane"). This bold display of gangsta-lean all at once inspired both the ire and the backhanded admiration of Cal Poly's underclassmen.In a battle between monkeys with knives v. a mace encrusted with glass shards, the mace will probably win.Unless your name starts with an Ó or you once walked with a cane, drinking for 6 1/2 hours does not a great singer make. The proof is below:
Óskar "Sweaty Janitor" Arnórsson singing Bowie's "Ashes to Ashes"
James and Stephanie sing Air Supply's #1 hit "All Out of Love"
"Big Daddy Kane" Barretto on the mic doing Prince's "Kiss
"Big Daddy Kane" Barretto and 'Lil Nik nail Laura Branigan's "Gloria"


As with many of these requests, we can only give out the basic colours because until you are actually doing the picture it is hard to tell exactly which additional colours you may need.
The colour numbers referred to below are from the Faber-Castell Pitt Pastel Pencil range as this is the set that I recommend and use. I have included a colour chart so that you can see these colours if you're using another range.
Pupils – 273 , 181, 170.
Other colours of your choice would be required to compliment the above but it is a starting point.
We hope that helps people to understand the basic tones behind a picture like this. Members of my website are eligible to send in their photographs for advice on colours. For more information on how to become a member click here.


text:
Quotes tagged "Tech Morality"
"[F]or many years, not just the post-World War II era but also the colonial era, governments saw one of their chief roles as being the creation and protection of markets for large companies (which in turn employed large amounts of the governments' citizens). My question at a very fundamental level is whether or not the new economics unleashed by the Internet, with its bias towards centralization and winner-take-all dynamics, ought not lead to a reset of governments' fundamental orientation away from big companies — which in the age of technology both don't need the help and don't employ that many workers, relatively speaking — and towards systematic efforts to empower individuals, both through means of economic security as well as reduced regulation and new tax policy."
— Ben Thompson,	Follow-up: Governments' Focus, Elizabeth Warren's Speech on Competition, Facebook Changes the News Feed
Tagged: Brexit, Corporate Colonialism, Tech Morality, New World Order
"Remember, everything is a system. And, given the changes wrought by the post 1970s wave of globalization, it is foolish to think that a core component of society — labor — can be fundamentally changed without there being knock-on effects on the other components of that system."
— Ben Thompson,	The Brexit Possibility
Tagged: Brexit, Corporate Colonialism, Tech Morality
"Second, the surveillance economy is way too dangerous. Even if you trust everyone spying on you right now, the data they're collecting will eventually be stolen or bought by people who scare you. We have no ability to secure large data collections over time."
— Maciej Cegłowski,	The Moral Economy of Tech
Tagged: Tech Morality, Machine Learning, Algorithms, Software Is Eating The World
"When we talk about the moral economy of tech, we must confront the fact that we have created a powerful tool of social control. Those who run the surveillance apparatus understand its capabilities in a way the average citizen does not. My greatest fear is seeing the full might of the surveillance apparatus unleashed against a despised minority, in a democratic country.
What we've done as technologists is leave a loaded gun lying around, in the hopes that no one will ever pick it up and use it."
"Those who benefit from the death of privacy attempt to frame our subjugation in terms of freedom, just like early factory owners talked about the sanctity of contract law. They insisted that a worker should have the right to agree to anything, from sixteen-hour days to unsafe working conditions, as if factory owners and workers were on an equal footing.
Companies that perform surveillance are attempting the same mental trick. They assert that we freely share our data in return for valuable services. But opting out of surveillance capitalism is like opting out of electricity, or cooked foods—you are free to do it in theory. In practice, it will upend your life."
"Fortunately we are smart people and have found a way out of this predicament. Instead of relying on algorithms, which we can be accused of manipulating for our benefit, we have turned to machine learning, an ingenious way of disclaiming responsibility for anything. Machine learning is like money laundering for bias. It's a clean, mathematical apparatus that gives the status quo the aura of logical inevitability. The numbers don't lie."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are over 400 socially displaced persons in this country.
Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Social Development and Family Services Jacinta Bailey-Sobers made the revelation on Wednesday morning, as she appeared before a Joint Select Committee (JSC) on socially displaced persons in Trinidad and Tobago.
Bailey-Sobers said a street count done in November 2017 revealed that there are 414 socially displaced persons in this country - of this figure she said, 22 were females.
"We would have done a street count in November, so we do have statistics with respect to the end of November which would have given us a national number of 414 persons: 27 in Arima, 60 in San Fernando, 177 in Port of Spain," the Permanent Secretary noted.
Bailey-Sobers added that another street count is due this year.
Director of the Social Development Unit Lorraine Reyes-Borel noted that in 2016, a street count revealed that there were 317 socially displaced persons in 2016.
She said while it appears to be an increase, some areas were not counted.
"The total for 2017 was 414, the year before the total was 317. The 2017 count included some areas that were not included in the 2016 count," she said.
The Director of the Social Development Unit added that the 414 figure represents persons who were found on the streets on a specific night.
She said street counts are done between 10 pm to 5 am.
Doing the count at night is international best practice, she said.
Meanwhile, JSC Chairman Dr. Dhanayshar Mahabir added that housing arrangements for socially displaced persons are an integral factor in dealing with the issue of street-dwelling.
Mahabir further asked if there are sufficient beds to accommodate the 414 socially displaced persons in Trinidad and Tobago. However, Reyes-Borel said there are only 60 available at this time.
Mahabir said the issue of adequate housing for the socially displaced must, therefore, be addressed.


Being at or near the top of all schools in Colorado in academic achievement is the result of students who come to school ready to learn, strong parent and community participation and support, and outstanding teachers, administrators, and a board of education who are committed to providing an environment conducive to all aspects of learning. Approximately 90% of our graduates go on to college and succeed.
Swink 33 is one of the highest-ranked school districts in Colorado and is "Accredited with Distinction"


text:
GSK's acquires Bristol-Myers Squibb's R&D HIV assets
/PRNewswire/ – GlaxoSmithKline plc today announced that ViiV Healthcare, the global specialist HIV company majority owned by GSK, with Pfizer Inc. and Shionogi Limited as shareholders, has completed two previously announced transactions with Bristol-Myers Squibb to acquire its late-stage HIV R&D assets and its portfolio of preclinical and discovery stage HIV research assets. The completion of both transactions follows antitrust approval by the relevant regulatory authorities in the US, with the integration process beginning immediately.
Dominique Limet, CEO, ViiV Healthcare, said: "As a result of these transactions, ViiV Healthcare now has one of the most robust HIV pipelines in the industry. The assets that we have acquired complement our existing portfolio and could lead to new medicines and combinations addressing a broad range of treatment and prevention needs of people living with HIV."
Under the terms of the transactions, ViiV Healthcare acquired late-stage HIV R&D assets from Bristol-Myers Squibb for an initial upfront payment of $317 million followed by development and first commercial sale milestones of up to $518M, and tiered royalties on sales. ViiV Healthcare also acquired Bristol-Myers Squibb's preclinical and discovery stage HIV research business for an upfront payment of $33 million, followed by development and first commercial sales milestones of up to $587M, and further consideration contingent on future sales performance.
ViiV Healthcare has acquired:
Late stage assets, including fostemsavir (BMS-663068), an attachment inhibitor currently in phase III development for heavily treatment experienced patients. Fostemsavir has received a Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the FDA and is expected to be filed for regulatory approval in 2018. The second late stage asset is a maturation inhibitor (BMS-955176), and is currently in phase IIb development for both treatment-naive and treatment experienced patients. A back-up maturation inhibitor candidate (BMS-986173) is also included in the purchase.
Assets in preclinical and discovery phases of development including a novel biologic (BMS-986197) with a triple mechanism of action, an additional maturation inhibitor, an allosteric integrase inhibitor and a capsid inhibitor.
Source: GSK
Colorcon, Inc. signs Put agreement with intent to acquire controlled atmosphere packaging specialist Airnov Healthcare Packaging
Airnov provides critical healthcare industries with high-quality, controlled atmosphere packaging, to protect their products from moisture and oxygen. The business has manufacturing facilities in the USA, France, China and India and employs around 700 people.
Takeda pledges up to $1.13B for rights to Hutchmed's cancer drug fruquintinib outside of China
Takeda of Japan has partnered with Hong Kong-based Hutchmed, gaining the commercial rights to colorectal cancer drug fruquintinib outside of China for $400 million up front, plus $730 million in potential milestone payments. Takeda also will help develop fruquintinib, which can be applied to subtypes of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, regardless of biomarker status, the companies said.
Vir taps Bayer dealmaker Marianne De Backer as its next CEO
On April 3, Scangos, who's been chief executive officer at Vir since the start of 2017, will hand over the reins to Marianne De Backer, Ph.D. De Backer comes over from Bayer, where she currently heads up pharmaceutical strategy, business development and licensing. Alongside her CEO appointment, De Backer is set to join Vir's board of directors, the company said Wednesday.


Americans' wireless data consumption has skyrocketed since 4G technology was introduced nearly a decade ago.
The site of the old Mount Tom coal-burning power plant in Holyoke, Massachusetts, is now home to batteries to store solar energy.
One week after flames engulfed her home's boiler, in a pipeline disaster that has left much of the Merrimack Valley without natural gas, Maureen Fraser was where she always is on Thursday nights: choir practice at St. Patrick Parish in Lawrence.
And on Sunday morning, Fraser's voice helped fill the sanctuary with hymns and a sense of normalcy — if only for an hour. She said she took comfort in the homily delivered by the Rev. Paul O'Brien, who told parishioners it's OK to feel traumatized.


text:
Matthias Fuchs has pioneered in the field of artistic use of game engines in various game art installations.
He started the first European Masters Programme in Creative Games at the School of Art & Design at the University of Salford in Greater Manchester. Creative Games is a discipline on the borderline of games, art and critical discourse.
He is currently a Senior Lecturer at the University of Salford and Programme Leader in MA Creative Technology and MSc Creative Games.
He has had sound and media installations in Vienna, London, Mexico City, Tokyo, Helsinki, Stockholm, Norwich, London, Cairo, Vancouver, Paris, and Providence. Commissioned work for ISEA94 and ISEA2004, resfest, ars electronica, PSi #11, futuresonic, EAST, the Greenwich Millennium Dome. Creative games for museums, urban planning and theatre performances
http://creativegames.org.uk


text:
Q: Close Persistent MUI Drawer on clicking outside I am trying to use Drawer component in MUI React. I want that state inside the Drawer component should not lost on closing of Drawer component, hence I'm passing variant="persistent" in Drawer component.
Now, the problem is that the Persistent Drawer does not provide backdrop functionality by default unlike temporary drawers hence I'm unable to close it on outside click.
I tried {{ModalProps={{ onBackdropClick: this.toggleDrawer }} }} also but still it is not working.
Is there any workaround for this?
MUI Version: 1.0.0
CodeSandbox link

A: Working solution in MUI v5:
Persistent Drawer
Use ClickAwayListener to know when the user clicks outside the Drawer. You also need to set mouseEvent="onMouseDown", otherwise the onClickAway callback is fired after the user clicks the open button and make the Drawer close immediately before it can be opened.
<ClickAwayListener
  mouseEvent="onMouseDown"
  touchEvent="onTouchStart"
  open={open}
  onClickAway={() => open && setOpen(false)}
>
  <Drawer variant="persistent" {...props} />
</ClickAwayListener>

Temporary Drawer
<Drawer
  variant="temporary"
  open={open}
  onClose={(_, reason) =>
    reason === 'backdropClick' && setOpen(false)
  }
>

Live Demo

A: You can implement this yourself by adding a div in your appFrame which has an onClick that closes the drawer like this:

{this.state.open ?

 this.handleDrawerClose()} />
    : null
}
// rest of your code

A: For the sake of searchers landing on this question. If you are having trouble with ClickAwayListener and are not using variant='persistent'. Try this instead: Providing a toggle function to ModalProps onBackdropClick
<Drawer
  open={drawerIsOpen}
  ModalProps={{ onBackdropClick: this.toggleDrawer }}
>
  <MenuItem>drawer item 1</MenuItem>
</Drawer>

UPDATE July 2021:
I recently updated material-ui/core to version 4.12.1 and noticed that onBackdropClick is being deprecated. Instead they have added native support for this functionality, the onClose function will be called automatically when clicking outside the drawer, and it now gives a reason for why it was called:
Signature:
function(event: object, reason: string) => void
event: The event source of the callback.
reason: Can be: "escapeKeyDown", "backdropClick"
See example here: https://material-ui.com/api/modal/ scroll down to onBackDropClicked - it works the same for the drawer as it does for the
Do this instead:
<Drawer
  open={drawerIsOpen}
  onClose={{ (ev, reason) => this.setState({ drawerIsOpen: false }) }}
>
  <MenuItem>drawer item 1</MenuItem>
</Drawer>

A: You can use the ClickAwayListener component for this.
https://material-ui.com/api/click-away-listener/
import ClickAwayListener from '@material-ui/core/ClickAwayListener';

const drawer = (
      <ClickAwayListener onClickAway={this.handleDrawerClose}>
        <Drawer
          variant="persistent"
          anchor={anchor}
          open={open}
          classes={{
            paper: classes.drawerPaper
          }}
        >

            <IconButton onClick={this.handleDrawerClose}>
              {theme.direction === "rtl" ? (
                <ChevronRightIcon />
              ) : (
                <ChevronLeftIcon />
              )}
            </IconButton>

          <Divider />
          <List>a asdasd</List>
          <Divider />
          <List>asdasd</List>
        </Drawer>
      </ClickAwayListener>
    );

https://codesandbox.io/s/072ny1rjw

A: I spend some time training to fix this, but I found a really a useful solution and is to change the variant to Temporary and use de onEscapeKeyDown and the onBackdropClick as follow:
  <Drawer
    variant="temporary"
    onEscapeKeyDown={handleDrawerClose}
    onBackdropClick={handleDrawerClose}
    open={open}
    ...rest of your code...

A: I am not sure if it works with 1.0.0 version but this approach works for me noting that i am using the drawer from "material-ui/core @4.10"
<Drawer ... open={this.state.open} onClose={() => this.handleDrawerClose()}>
....
</Drawer>

A: Recently found out about this neat useOnClickOutside hook => CodeSandBox and replaced all my with it. Much more elegant than adding an element to the dom and really easy to use with Mui now that you can pass a ref prop to any Material-ui component.

A: You can use in Drawer's open attribute a useState and set to false in the onClose property:
onClose={() => setOpen(false)}
in this example, the useState name is ** open ** and ** setOpen **

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dragon motorcycles are pleased to offer this superb Suzuki GSX1400 K3. Presented in lovely condition for its age with freshly powder coated wheels, polished engine casings and fork legs this bike looks great. Becoming more and more desirable this K3 in the sought after colour (blue/white) showing 33k miles on the clock from new. The motor in this bike is awesome! If you have ever ridden a GSX1400 you will know what a powerhouse they are and how well they perform. Its a real shame they don't make these anymore there a truly are a formidable machine. Totally unmolested and presented in standard and original condition with the addition of Yoshimura Dual oval exhaust silencer, stainless oil cooler cover and white colour coded rear hugger. As you would expect for one of these she runs/rides beautifully without fault. Supplied with V5 logbook, MOT and 2 keys. Fitted with recent tyres this GSX1400 wants for nothing bar a loving new owner.


text:
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  try {
    using namespace kaldi;
    typedef kaldi::int32 int32;

    const char *usage =
        "Transform GMM means with linear or affine transform\n"
        "This version for a single GMM, e.g. a UBM.\n"
        "Useful when estimating MLLT/STC\n"
        "Usage:  gmm-transform-means-global <transform-matrix> <gmm-in> <gmm-out>\n"
        "e.g.: gmm-transform-means-global 2.mat 2.dubm 3.dubm\n";

    bool binary = true;  // write in binary if true.

    ParseOptions po(usage);
    po.Register("binary", &binary, "Write output in binary mode");

    po.Read(argc, argv);

    if (po.NumArgs() != 3) {
      po.PrintUsage();
      exit(1);
    }

    std::string mat_rxfilename = po.GetArg(1),
        gmm_in_rxfilename = po.GetArg(2),
        gmm_out_wxfilename = po.GetArg(3);

    Matrix<BaseFloat> mat;
    ReadKaldiObject(mat_rxfilename, &mat);

    DiagGmm gmm;
    ReadKaldiObject(gmm_in_rxfilename, &gmm);

    int32 dim = gmm.Dim();
    if (mat.NumRows() != dim)
      KALDI_ERR << "Transform matrix has " << mat.NumRows() << " rows but "
          "model has dimension " << gmm.Dim();
    if (mat.NumCols() != dim
       && mat.NumCols()  != dim+1)
      KALDI_ERR << "Transform matrix has " << mat.NumCols() << " columns but "
          "model has dimension " << gmm.Dim() << " (neither a linear nor an "
          "affine transform";

    Matrix<BaseFloat> means;
    gmm.GetMeans(&means);
    Matrix<BaseFloat> new_means(means.NumRows(), means.NumCols());
    if (mat.NumCols() == dim) { // linear case
      // Right-multiply means by mat^T (equivalent to left-multiplying each
      // row by mat).
      new_means.AddMatMat(1.0, means, kNoTrans, mat, kTrans, 0.0);
    } else { // affine case
      Matrix<BaseFloat> means_ext(means.NumRows(), means.NumCols()+1);
      means_ext.Set(1.0);  // set all elems to 1.0
      SubMatrix<BaseFloat> means_part(means_ext, 0, means.NumRows(),
                                      0, means.NumCols());
      means_part.CopyFromMat(means);  // copy old part...
      new_means.AddMatMat(1.0, means_ext, kNoTrans, mat, kTrans, 0.0);
    }
    gmm.SetMeans(new_means);
    gmm.ComputeGconsts();

    WriteKaldiObject(gmm, gmm_out_wxfilename, binary);
    KALDI_LOG << "Written model to " << gmm_out_wxfilename;
    return 0;
  } catch(const std::exception &e) {
    std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
    return -1;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This web site is an experimental contribution of the Vialfrè Proloco (association promoting local culture and tourism), to ongoing projects for tourism development, promoted by the Municipalities and the Associations of our territory . We have tried to acquaint you with the Piedmont territory located between the spectacular hollow of the Morainic Amphitheatre on one side and the East bank of the Orco torrent on the other and we would like to encourage you to visit our land. In spite of being only a short distance from the big cities of the North West of Italy, it features an environment little changed by human activity. Its large spaces include wild woodland, wide flatlands surrounded by beautiful mountains, evocative lakes and ponds, areas of marsh and bog and charming hamlets which are also rich in history. The value of this area of the Canavese for tourists and lovers of nature and outdoor is to be found first of all in its pathways through natural surroundings, which can be travelled on foot, by bicycle or on horseback and are accessible all the year round. Another attraction, as witnessed by the frequent passage of cyclists that are to be seen every day, is in the many surfaced routes along secondary roads with little traffic.
We thank Gamma Group for developing this web site, and Marco Brancolini (Piedmont region Coordinator for Wikimedia/OpesStreetMap) for managing the contents, designing the routes and developing the software tools to process them.


5. Say no to what distracts you.
People don't want their lives fixed. Nobody wants their problems solved. Their dramas. Their distractions. Their stories resolved. Their messed cleaned up. Because what would they have left? Just the big scary unknown.


text:
Costing the implementation of public health interventions in resource-limited settings: a conceptual framework
Hojoon Sohn ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-38441 na1,
Austin Tucker1 na1,
Olivia Ferguson1 na1,
Isabella Gomes1 na1 &
David Dowdy1 na1
Failing to account for the resources required to successfully implement public health interventions can lead to an underestimation of costs and budget impact, optimistic cost-effectiveness estimates, and ultimately a disconnect between published evidence and public health decision-making.
We developed a conceptual framework for assessing implementation costs. We illustrate the use of this framework with case studies involving interventions for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings.
Costs of implementing public health interventions may be conceptualized as occurring across three phases: design, initiation, and maintenance. In the design phase, activities include developing intervention components and establishing necessary infrastructure (e.g., technology, standard operating procedures). Initiation phase activities include training, initiation of supply chains and quality assurance procedures, and installation of equipment. Implementation costs in the maintenance phase include ongoing technical support, monitoring and evaluation, and troubleshooting unexpected obstacles. Within each phase, implementation costs can be incurred at the site of delivery ("site-specific" costs) or more centrally ("above-service" or "central" costs). For interventions evaluated in the context of research studies, implementation costs should be classified as programmatic, research-related, or shared research/program costs. Purely research-related costs are often excluded from analysis of programmatic implementation.
In evaluating public health interventions in resource-limited settings, accounting for implementation costs enables more realistic estimates of budget impact and cost-effectiveness and provides important insights into program feasibility, scale-up, and sustainability. Assessment of implementation costs should be planned prospectively and performed in a standardized manner to ensure generalizability.
Economic evaluations have long been used to prioritize health interventions in resource-limited settings. However, these analyses often fail to capture the resources required to successfully implement interventions and thus may greatly underestimate the actual economic costs of the intervention.
Most existing studies in the health economics literature in the context of implementation science are retrospective or 'ex-post' in nature; methods and examples of evaluating these costs prospectively are limited, particularly in resource limited settings.
Using recent examples from the literature, we highlight the importance and potential magnitude of costs associated with implementation of public health interventions in resource constrained settings.
We also provide a conceptual framework that details the types of economic resources utilized during the design, initiation, and maintenance phases of implementation and the implications of neglecting implementation costs in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of interventions in resource-limited settings.
Such a framework provides greater insight into the need for implementation costing practices for more accurate economic evaluation and budget impact analysis as well as insights into program feasibility, scale up and sustainability.
Economic evaluations are frequently used to inform prioritization of health interventions and resource allocation for public health [1]. Unfortunately, most existing economic evaluations of public health interventions have done so retrospectively [2], thereby limiting their ability to fully assess the costs of implementation, especially during the early stages of design and initiation. A growing number of studies are exploring these implementation costs, but many continue to do so in retrospective fashion, and interventions in resource-limited settings—where implementation costs may represent a disproportionate fraction of total intervention costs—are sorely under-represented [2]. As such, most published economic evaluations may have greatly underestimated the costs of public health interventions, particularly those studied in resource-limited settings. A framework for considering and prospectively collecting implementation costs could therefore greatly improve economic evaluations of public health interventions in the coming years.
To illustrate, the Avahan initiative was a complex intervention to prevent HIV transmission across six Indian states that included peer outreach, clinical services, condom distribution, safe needle exchange, and community mobilization [3]. A cost-effectiveness analysis estimated that Avahan cost $46 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted [4]. However, approximately two thirds of overall costs were incurred at the "above-service" level—involving institutions above or ancillary to the provision of care (e.g., government, non-governmental organization (NGO), or multilateral institution support or infrastructure for facilitating provision of care). Had these costs of implementation not been counterbalanced by four years of service delivery, the cost per person reached could have been four times higher—with qualitatively important cost-effectiveness implications [5]. Such implementation costs are frequently neglected in economic evaluations, leading to underestimated costs, optimistic cost-effectiveness estimates, and a disconnect between published evidence and public health decision-making. This disconnect is particularly stark in settings where resources are most constrained.
Another illustration of the importance of implementation costing is the recently published PopART (HPTN 071) trial of universal testing and treatment for HIV in South Africa and Zambia [6]. This trial, conducted over 5 years, mobilized 740 community HIV care providers working in pairs (each pair covering approximately 500 households) to provide comprehensive health services—from HIV counseling and rapid testing to screening for tuberculosis (TB) and sexually transmitted infections—during annual household visits. This multifaceted intervention reduced HIV infection by 30% but required extensive programmatic coordination and administrative management, including rigorous re-training and human resource management, planning of daily household visits and periodic community engagement campaigns, HIV testing drives, and centralized coordination of study activities (e.g., obtaining regulatory approvals, provision of security, and maintenance of a stable procurement and supply chain) [7]. Costs associated with the implementation of these complex and comprehensive activities—often neglected in cost-effectiveness analyses—may make the start-up of health interventions unaffordable or infeasible. This, in turn, would result in substantial waste of resources if interventions are poorly maintained or not sustained.
To provide decision-makers with an honest appraisal of the potential costs and benefits of any health intervention, it is critical to document the full range of costs required for programmatic implementation, including the costs of intervention design and local adaptation, initiation and scale-up, and maintenance/sustainability. While consideration of implementation costs is universally relevant, these costs may be proportionally more important in settings where resources are highly constrained. Here, we use the example of peripheral diagnostic testing for TB as a case study to illustrate the importance of evaluating costs throughout the implementation process and to propose a structured method for investigating these costs.
Peripheral diagnostic testing for TB: a case study of implementing a novel health intervention in settings of severe resource constraints
An estimated 13–18% of patients diagnosed with TB in Africa and Asia are lost to follow-up before starting treatment [8]. The current standard of care for TB diagnosis involves molecular testing requiring equipment (e.g., four-module GeneXpert® instruments) that often cannot be maintained at the point of care [9]. Novel tests—including more portable devices (e.g., GeneXpert® Edge) and simpler assays (e.g., lateral-flow detection of urine lipoarabinomannan [LF-LAM])—that can diagnose TB at the point of treatment have been prioritized as a means of reducing diagnostic delays and losses to follow-up [10]. Cost-effectiveness analyses of peripherally implemented TB diagnostic tests are emerging [11]; however, existing analyses may not fully account for the costs required to implement these novel assays in practice.
Costing the implementation process: a framework
Similar to many consumer products, public health interventions can be conceptualized as having a "product life cycle," with well-defined stages—design, launch, growth, maturity, and decline—from introduction to removal from the "market" [12]. Considering each of these stages is critical to the financial success of consumer products—and this is equally true for public health interventions. Although the systems required for each product life cycle phase differ, the costing of systems for launch often overlaps with those for design (preparation for launch) or growth (which starts immediately after launch)—and the decline phase acknowledges that every product (or intervention) has a finite time horizon. Thus, in mapping the structure of the product life cycle to the costing of public health interventions, one can delineate three stages: design and adaptation to the local context ("design phase" including preparation for launch), initial implementation and scale-up ("initiation phase" corresponding to launch and growth), and ongoing activities to ensure intervention sustainability ("maintenance phase" corresponding to maturity and forestalling of decline) [13].
As illustrated in Fig. 1a, the implementation process is not necessarily unidirectional. Rather, the various phases of implementation inform one another, especially as interventions are adapted from one context to another or expanded in size or scope. For example, experiential knowledge attained during the initiation phase in one setting may inform the re-design of protocols for the design phase in a different cultural context. Similarly, the maintenance phase of an intervention in an "early adopter" country may inform policymakers and researchers about the potential sustainability of the intervention and influence considerations about design and initiation in other regions or countries. As such, it is important to individually estimate the cost of each stage of the implementation process—and to illustrate how those estimates depend on key assumptions (e.g., scale of implementation, local market rates for human resources and other costs)—so that those estimates can be generalized to other contexts where existing knowledge and infrastructure may be more or less complete.
Simplified illustration of stages, activities, resource classification, and assessment of costs of public health intervention implementation process. a A description of the implementation process listing key components of each phase that may carry additional resource requirements is provided. Light blue arrows represent potential feedback loops between phases. b An illustration of resource and cost classification of the public health intervention implementation process. At each phase, resource-use for relevant activities is classified based on the location (above site vs. site-specific) of activity and degree to which activities are programmatic versus research specific. Sizes of each square (different shades of blue)—arbitrarily assigned for the purposes of demonstration—represent the corresponding size of each activity category. The increasing size of light-shaded boxes to the right indicate an increasing programmatic component as the study progresses into the maintenance phase
In addition to the costs incurred at different phases of implementation, costs can be incurred at the site of delivery ("site-specific" costs; containing administrative efforts from the service delivery facility—e.g., clinic or hospital administration) or more centrally ("above-service" or "central" costs; services such as support from a district health office [DHO], NGO, or Ministry of Health [MOH]). Furthermore, health interventions are often evaluated in the context of research studies or evaluation programs, necessitating a differentiation between costs required for programmatic implementation and those incurred purely for the purposes of research or evaluation (the latter being less relevant to the cost-effectiveness of the intervention itself). Importantly, some degree of monitoring and evaluation is necessary for effective implementation and should therefore be included as a programmatic cost; however, the costs incurred by research studies and other knowledge generation activities often exceed this baseline requirement and may vary depending on the type of intervention being considered. As such, it is important to prospectively monitor and categorize costs as purely research-related (i.e., likely not to be incurred during subsequent implementation in other settings) versus necessary for programmatic implementation (even if those costs represent "research" activities) to facilitate subsequent analyses.
Table 1 provides examples of costs that may be incurred across the three phases of implementation, site-specific versus central locations, and programmatic versus research purposes—using the example of an ongoing cluster randomized trial of peripheral versus central molecular TB testing (the Xpert Performance Evaluation for Linkage to Tuberculosis Care [XPEL TB] trial) [14]. As illustrated in panel b of Fig. 1, "above-service" costs in the design and initiation phases tend to represent a greater proportion of total costs. Thus, consideration of these costs—while always important—is most critical when the costs of design and initiation are greater relative to the costs of delivery (e.g., interventions that are scaled-up to a smaller population), when interventions are being considered by decision-makers (e.g., politicians) with shorter time horizons, when interventions are expected to change in scope or cost with time (e.g., through price reductions or release of new competing interventions), or when interventions are not immediately affordable. These situations account for a large fraction of health interventions being considered for implementation in resource-limited settings. Furthermore, most public health interventions in resource-limited settings are not sustained indefinitely. Thus, rigorously measuring the costs of design and implementation and weighing those against the expected duration of the maintenance phase can improve our understanding of the costs and sustainability of public health interventions in terms of their life cycles. We now provide examples of costs that might be incurred at each phase of the implementation process (summarized in Table 2).
Table 1 Descriptions of key activities by study phases (XPEL study example)
Table 2 Interventions for peripheral diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) likely to incur large costs in each phase of implementation
Design phase
Implementation costs incurred during the design and adaptation of health interventions may include crafting of appropriate policies and algorithms, obtaining political and administrative approvals, developing necessary infrastructure, engagement of relevant stakeholders, and pilot testing in the local context. Where these costs are large and must be incurred before scale-up is certain, they may represent a majority of the total cost of the intervention. For example, in a trial of mobile Health-facilitated home-based contact investigation for TB in Uganda, a software package was required to generate short messaging service (SMS) reminders to facilitate home-based screening, incurring large up-front costs for an initial service contract and adaptation to the Ugandan telecommunications infrastructure [15]. While this intervention was only delivered to 372 households (919 contacts screened), the cost of designing and developing the intervention ($137 per contact screened, of which $90 was for software development) overshadowed the cost of intervention delivery ($54 per contact screened) [16]. This initial outlay for intervention design could be partially counterbalanced by scale-up to a broader population but would probably be incurred again if the intervention were implemented in a different country with a different telecommunications system. Importantly, these costs might vary considerably across countries, regions, and facilities with different levels of underlying infrastructure—and these differences would need to be considered by both researchers (aiming to produce generalizable knowledge) and implementers (aiming to accurately estimate design costs in their unique contexts). Failure to consider the cost of designing the intervention and adapting it to the local context would have resulted in both a dramatic overestimation of cost-effectiveness and an incomplete understanding of the generalizability of cost and cost-effectiveness estimates for implementation of the intervention in other settings.
Initiation phase
As interventions are initially rolled out and scaled-up, many types of implementation costs (e.g., training materials and personnel, infrastructure necessary to launch implementing teams) are incurred up-front. These fixed costs often do not vary with the level of service output. The contribution of up-front costs to the overall cost and cost-effectiveness of a program may vary considerably across implementation sites depending on each site's operational and infrastructural capacity and implementation outcomes such as program reach (i.e., the number and representativeness of people engaged by the program) [17]. These costs are often not adequately considered in traditional cost-effectiveness estimates. This is particularly problematic when variable costs (e.g., medical consumables, test kits, and unit staffing costs) to deliver the intervention are low, but the intervention has high implementation and operating costs. For example, the Alere DetermineTM TB LAM Ag assay (LF-LAM) is a simple dipstick-based diagnostic test for TB that costs less than $2 per test kit and requires minimal operator time [18]. Cost-effectiveness analyses have therefore considered the unit cost of LF-LAM to be between $3 and $4 per test [11]. However, this estimate fails to account for the "above-service" (and service-level) costs required to implement LAM—including building costs, staff salaries, utilities, and supplies necessary for such activities as preparing clinics and training clinical staff, coordinating logistics during implementation, assuring fidelity to (often complex) policy guidance, and establishing a reliable supply chain [10]. After incorporating these costs, the unit cost of LF-LAM in South Africa was estimated at over $23 per patient tested—approximately seven-fold higher than the simple estimate based primarily on consumable costs alone [19]. Such underestimates of intervention costs (when costs of implementation and scale-up are not incorporated) are unfortunately very common in the scientific literature and lead to reported cost estimates that do not reflect programmatic realities on the ground.
Maintenance phase
Although implementation costs are often proportionally lower during the maintenance phase (Fig. 1b), they should not be ignored entirely—particularly for interventions that require infrastructure and/or procedures that require ongoing upkeep or quality assurance. For example, in the XPEL trial, single-module GeneXpert devices were installed to enable point-of-treatment diagnosis at 10 peripheral health centers in Uganda. Maintaining these devices requires assurance of a stable electrical supply (e.g., installation and maintenance of solar panels), backup testing systems for when devices temporarily fail (which occurred at 6 sites over a 14-month period), security to prevent theft of computers and other electronics, service contracts to perform repairs, routine monitoring and evaluation, maintenance of a reliable supply chain of diagnostic cartridges, and external quality assurance to ensure ongoing high-quality testing by mid-level staff. Corresponding costs varied from one site to another and when considered in full, costs associated with the maintenance operations accounted for > 12% of the total unit cost of peripheral Xpert testing, even when only considering costs beyond the initiation phase (unpublished data). As the level of technology incorporated in new health interventions often outpaces the establishment of corresponding infrastructure in many global settings, explicitly estimating the costs of maintaining those interventions and ensuring their sustainability will become increasingly important [20].
The examples above help illustrate the importance of considering costs at each stage of the implementation process. This structured approach to costing of the implementation process suggests three priorities for improving cost-effectiveness analyses of health interventions in resource-limited settings.
First, cost-effectiveness analyses should not rely entirely on budgetary information but should explicitly consider activities and resources required for successful implementation. Examples of approaches for such implementation costing include collection of routine activity logs of implementing staff, structured discussions with field personnel to enable health economists to understand the extent of resources required for major implementation activities (e.g., trainings, site initiation), and ongoing documentation of specific challenges in implementation (e.g., sites in which implementation failed, staff leaving).
Second, implementation cost data should be classified by resource type, key activities, phase of implementation (e.g., as described in Fig. 1), site level (site-specific vs "above-service"), and as programmatic versus non-programmatic (research) so that implementation costs can be generalized to other settings and key drivers of implementation costs can be identified. In costing the implementation process, assumptions can often be made when empiric data are not immediately available—but appropriate documentation and categorization of data and assumptions are critical if generalizable knowledge is to be generated.
Third, costing activities should generally be planned prospectively before implementation begins (so the process of implementation can be costed). While retrospective estimation of implementation costs is often feasible, such estimates are often subject to recall bias and difficult to appropriately classify retroactively. Early involvement of health economists (with experience in empiric costing activities) can therefore be very useful in evaluating the costs of implementation.
One final consideration is whether detailed measurement of implementation costs is justified for a particular implementation research study. In making this assessment, investigators should consider two questions. First, if the intervention is found to be effective, is implementation likely to be influenced by considerations of cost-effectiveness and/or budget impact? Second, are there sufficient uncertainties in the costs of implementing the intervention that an empiric estimation of costs is warranted (as opposed to simply using pre-existing cost estimates from the literature)? In most cases, the answer to the first question will be yes, and the answer to the second question will be no, meaning that an empiric estimation of costs is scientifically justified. When this is the case, investigators must then evaluate whether the budget exists to measure these costs and (given limited financial resources) whether other scientific questions are more pressing.
In summary, we argue that the costs of implementing health interventions in resource-limited settings are often very substantial, but generally neglected in economic evaluation. We provide a framework for effectively conceptualizing and prospectively measuring these costs, which—if incorporated appropriately—can improve the linkage between published results of cost-effectiveness analyses and the realities of implementation in the field.
Hoomans T, Severens JL. Economic evaluation of implementation strategies in health care. Implement Sci. 2014;9(1):168. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781118525975.ch23.
Roberts SL, Healey A, Sevdalis N. Use of health economic evaluation in the implementation and improvement science fields—a systematic literature review. Implementation Sci. 2019;14(1):72.
Ng M, Gakidou E, Levin-Rector A, Khera A, Murray CJ, Dandona L. Assessment of population-level effect of Avahan, an HIV-prevention initiative in India. Lancet. 2011;378(9803):1643–52.
Vassall A, Pickles M, Chandrashekar S, Boily MC, Shetty G, Guinness L, Lowndes CM, Bradley J, Moses S, Alary M, Group CI. Cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention for high-risk groups at scale: an economic evaluation of the Avahan programme in south India. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(9):e531–40.
Chandrashekar S, Guinness L, Pickles M, Shetty GY, Alary M, Vickerman P, Vassall A. The costs of scaling up HIV prevention for high risk groups: lessons learned from the Avahan Programme in India. PloS one. 2014;9(9):e106582.
Hayes RJ, Donnell D, Floyd S, Mandla N, Bwalya J, Sabapathy K, Yang B, Phiri M, Schaap A, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E. Effect of universal testing and treatment on HIV incidence—HPTN 071 (PopART). N Engl J Med. 2019;381(3):207–18.
Vermund SH, Fidler SJ, Ayles H, Beyers N, Hayes RJ, HPTN 071 Study Team. Can combination prevention strategies reduce HIV transmission in generalized epidemic settings in Africa? The HPTN 071 (PopART) study plan in South Africa and Zambia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(0 2):S221.
MacPherson P, Houben RM, Glynn JR, Corbett EL, Kranzer K. Pre-treatment loss to follow-up in tuberculosis patients in low-and lower-middle-income countries and high-burden countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;92:126–38.
Clouse K, Page-Shipp L, Dansey H, Moatlhodi B, Scott L, Bassett J, Stevens W, Sanne I. Implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF for routine point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis at the primary care level. S Afri Med J. 2012;102(10):805–7.
World Health Organization. The use of lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay (LF-LAM) for the diagnosis and screening of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV: policy guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. ISBN: 978 92 4 150963 3. WHO reference number: WHO/HTM/TB/2015.25.
Reddy KP, Gupta-Wright A, Fielding KL, Costantini S, Zheng A, Corbett EL, Yu L, Van Oosterhout JJ, Resch SC, Wilson DP, Horsburgh CR Jr. Cost-effectiveness of urine-based tuberculosis screening in hospitalised patients with HIV in Africa: a microsimulation modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(2):e200–8.
Rink DR, Swan JE. Product life cycle research: a literature review. J Bus Res. 1979;7(3):219–42.
Scheirer MA, Dearing JW. An agenda for research on the sustainability of public health programs. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(11):2059–67.
Shete PB, Nalugwa T, Farr K, Ojok C, Nantale M, Howlett P, Haguma P, Ochom E, Mugabe F, Joloba M, Chaisson LH. Feasibility of a streamlined tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment initiation strategy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017;21(7):746–52.
Davis JL, Turimumahoro P, Meyer AJ, Ayakaka I, Ochom E, Ggita J, Mark D, Babirye D, Okello DA, Mugabe F, Fair E. Home-based tuberculosis contact investigation in Uganda: a household randomised trial. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(3):00112–2019.
Turimumahoro P, Tucker A, Meyer A, Tampi R, Ayakaka I, Dowdy D, Katamba A, Davis JL. But at what cost? The cost of implementing mobile-health facilitated tuberculosis contact investigation. The Hague, The Netherlands: Oral presentation (OA12-281-26), 49th Union World Conference on Lung Health; 2018.
Glasgow RE, Harden SM, Gaglio B, Rabin B, Smith ML, Porter GC, Ory MG, Estabrooks PA. RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework: adapting to new science and practice with a 20-year review. Front Public Health. 2019;7:64.
Shah M, Hanrahan C, Wang ZY, Dendukuri N, Lawn SD, Denkinger CM, Steingart KR. Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in HIV-positive adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(5):CD011420. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011420.pub2.
Mukora R, Tlali M, Monkwe S, Charalambous S, Karat AS, Fielding KL, Grant AD, Vassall A. Cost of point-of-care lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan antigen testing in HIV-positive adults in South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018;22(9):1082–7.
Packard RM. A history of global health: interventions into the lives of other peoples: JHU Press; 2016.
We gratefully acknowledge the teams of the XPEL trial and mHealth TB contact investigation trial of TB diagnosis in Uganda, as well as the REDART trial and SNaP trial of interventions to improve delivery of antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam, from which many of these lessons were distilled.
This work was supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), grant number R01HL138728, to Dr. Dowdy.
Hojoon Sohn, Austin Tucker, Olivia Ferguson, Isabella Gomes and David Dowdy contributed equally to this work.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street E6531, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
Hojoon Sohn, Austin Tucker, Olivia Ferguson, Isabella Gomes & David Dowdy
Hojoon Sohn
Austin Tucker
Olivia Ferguson
Isabella Gomes
David Dowdy
HS and DD conceived the idea of the topic of this manuscript. All authors contributed equally in writing the initial draft and revising this manuscript. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Hojoon Sohn.
All authors do not have any interests to declare.
Sohn, H., Tucker, A., Ferguson, O. et al. Costing the implementation of public health interventions in resource-limited settings: a conceptual framework. Implementation Sci 15, 86 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01047-2
Implementation strategies
Costs of implementation


text:
Q: Whats the difference between schema and model? I am just starting ate Phoenix, and i didnt understand very well one thing, i searched and saw there schemas are the database structure and models have a high level and handles with the logic, but in phoenix we only have schemas, so for example if i would do a password hash, it should be in the user schema? Or should i put it in a controller?

A: Generally speaking, you want your MVC apps to have "thin controllers" -- that's a recommendation that holds across multiple languages.  In some languages/frameworks, that's critical because testing controllers can be quite difficult.  Although testing controllers is relatively simple in a functional language like Elixir and a well-structured framework like Phoenix, you should still keep your controllers as lean as possible. To put it simply, controllers should connect a service module (often called a "context" in Phoenix) with a view.  Usually there's not a whole lot of logic in them at all.
"Schemas" can be a confusing term -- take a moment to appreciate that different databases use different terminology to refer to (more or less) the same components. E.g. a "database" in MySQL is called a "schema" in Oracle or Postgres.  In Ecto, the "schema" is analogous to an ORM "model" in many other frameworks: an Ecto schema represents in code the "shape" of a specific database table (so maybe that's why they use the same term).
However, in your case, something like a calculated field of a password hash should be in the same module as the Ecto schema.  (Yes, Ecto does some macro magic when it defines the shape of the table in code, but it's still a module and it is the recommended place to put changeset functions that deal with validating and mutating data before it goes into the database).
If you ever find yourself wondering where some functionality should go, ask yourself where you would put the code if the user input was coming from the CLI instead from the web.  If you had a CLI mix task that created a user with a password, would you use the web controller?  No, you wouldn't: the controller is just the go-between that connects the web request/response with the underlying model/schema.  You wouldn't want to duplicate the code that calculated the password hash just because you wanted to create it for a CLI script, so that leaves you with the logical place to put it: in the schema.
The Ecto changesets allow you to modify data on the way in to the database.  You might hear this referred to as a "mutation" in some frameworks, or a "calculated field."
Here's an example that calculates a "created_at" field (yes, you could do this in the database, but it's a useful example of how to do a calculated field in code):
  @doc false
  def changeset(user, attrs) do
    user
    |> cast(attrs, [:username,:email])
    |> validate_required([:username,:email])
    |> add_created_at()
    |> unique_constraint(:username)
    |> unique_constraint(:email)
  end

  defp add_created_at(changeset) do
    case changeset do
      %Ecto.Changeset{
        valid?: true,
        changes: _user
      } ->
        put_change(
          changeset,
          :created_at,
          DateTime.utc_now
          |> DateTime.truncate(:second)
        )
      _ ->
        changeset
    end
  end

And here's an example of calculating a password hash to be stored in your database -- using the Argon2 package. This also adds a field that identifies which algorithm was used to hash the password (as a string, useful for reference):
  def changeset(user, attrs) do
    user
    |> cast(attrs, [:username, :password])
    |> validate_required([:username, :password])
    |> validate_length(:password, min: 8, max: 100)
    |> unique_constraint(:username)
    |> put_password_hash()
  end

  defp put_password_hash(changeset) do
    case changeset do
      %Ecto.Changeset{
        valid?: true,
        changes: %{
          password: plain_text
        }
      } ->
        put_change(changeset, :password_hash, Argon2.hash_pwd_salt(plain_text))
        |> put_change(:algorithm, "argon2")

      _ ->
        changeset
    end
  end

Hope that helps.


text:
As expats return to Detroit, its pool of workers hungry for jobs could offer companies solutions
Dustin Walsh, from Crain's Detroit Business, focuses on Detroit's employment landscape, and using employment data from Detroit Future City's 139 Square Miles report.
By: Dustin Walsh
Crain's Detroit Business
Employers across the U.S. have a consistent message: There isn't enough available talent.
Detroit has too many workers who want jobs.
Those facts mean that the city's unemployment problem could be a big opportunity for businesses that need workers.
The need for jobs for Detroiters and the opportunities presented by its supply of available workers will come into focus at this week's Detroit Homecoming IV, presented by Crain's Detroit Business. Attendees, who are native Detroiter "expats" who have found success elsewhere, are set to learn about ways that they can help beef up Detroit's jobs picture.
Among the ideas they'll hear are the potential for outsourcing jobs such as call center work to Detroit, or steering office purchases to Detroit- and Michigan-based businesses.
As the working-age population across the nation continues to rapidly decline, coupled with a strengthening economy, Detroit's unemployed and out-of-the-labor force population may provide businesses in need of workers with new hope — particularly as the city gets better at training potential workers to match what employers need.
The difference in employment pictures between Detroit and much of the rest of the country is stark.
The unemployment rate in the city was 9.4 percent in July, compared with 3.7 percent for the state of Michigan and 4.3 percent for the U.S. as a whole. That rate remains one of the highest in the nation, providing prospective employers a large pool of potential applications.
Plus, Detroit leads the nation in major cities in working age people out of the labor force. Only 49 percent of Detroit residents aged 16 to 64 were employed in 2015. In Cleveland, it's 55 percent; in Atlanta, 69 percent.
If Detroit's unemployed are put to work and demand increases, those no longer looking could be pulled back into the labor picture.
In 2015, Detroit Mayor Mike Duggan revived the Mayor's Workforce Development Board, co-chaired by Strategic Staffing Solutions CEO Cindy Pasky and DTE Energy Vice Chairman Dave Meador, with the region's top executives and workforce development agency heads to restructure its efforts to prepare Detroiters for the future economy, and more importantly, get them back to work.
The board's audacious goal was, and still is, to put 100,000 of those unemployed Detroiters back to work. In the near-term, it has set a more reasonable, yet still bold, goal of 40,000 new jobs in the next four years.
"We're planning for what we expect to happen; for Detroit's economy to expand and to recapture our place in the U.S. and, maybe, abroad," said Nicole Sherard-Freeman, president and CEO of the Detroit Employment Solutions Corp. and former corporate consulting executive. "The way we are approaching job readiness with a large urban population, quite frankly, is aggressive and none of our peers in other cities are keeping pace."
The board is initially focusing on five industries — health care, manufacturing, construction and transportation, information technology and retail, hospitality and entertainment.
Its work includes pilot programs that have trained 240 Detroiters this year for patient care associate and patient sitter roles at Detroit's three health systems, more than 100 jobs in four IT training programs, a prison reentry program that's trained 175 convicts in culinary arts and hi-lo operation and dozens more in basic construction.
It's a small start, but it's a massive operation to steer new training methods away form traditional workforce development, said Sherard-Freeman. There are nearly 400 workforce development organizations operating in the city, and the work has been uncoordinated.
"We always thought that if we built training programs, jobs readiness programs and market it differently, just go out and tell people, they'd be lined up around the building. That's not true in Detroit or in Baltimore or in Kansas City," she said. "We thought we knew how to do this, we'd talk to employers and tell them how to train their employees. That's not how it works. Maybe that's not how it ever worked."
The board and the DESC began validating existing programs by creating a demand forecast, securing hiring commitments from employers and working with them to design training, largely for the first time in the city's workforce development history.
Barriers still remain, such as a weak public transportation system, the hangover of unpaid driver responsibility fees that keep people from driving legally and illiteracy from a failed public school district. The board is working to knock some obstacles down.
But if the board is successful in reaching its 40,000 jobs goal, the city could serve as a beacon to expanding businesses across the U.S. No other city has the available space — 900 vacant industrial buildings spread throughout the city, according to a June report by Detroit Future City. Mash in a ready workforce, and Detroit is an attractive solution.


In our regular monthly program, one of the guests asked me 'Why do you call God as Kṛṣṇa? Why not just refer it as God?' He also took exception to the title of the lecture 'Who is God?' He preferred 'What is God?' And he said he will read the book he bought substituting 'God' for 'Kṛṣṇa'.
Names are used to refer to specific persons who occupy specific space in a specific place. The person John is not the person Tim – each have their own boundary of existence with their own likes and dislikes, circle of friends and relatives and so on. And if we side with John, we are not siding with Tim and vice-versa.
Having this in mind, people think when we refer to God as Kṛṣṇa we are referring to a specific person at a specific place. By addressing Him as Kṛṣṇa, we are distinguishing Him from Śiva and by worshiping Him we are ignoring others. So these people think that we should use the general term God and not any specific names such as Kṛṣṇa or Śiva. The idea is that calling God by a particular name limits Him and God is some impersonal energy.
The argument of the impersonalists is that we are using our mundane conception of name, form etc to address the higher reality called "God". They think that since all names, forms, qualities, pastimes etc are limiting and mundane, the higher reality should be without name, form etc. Now if we look closely at what they are saying, it is they who are using their limited mundane conception of name and form. Since they think that all names and forms are limiting, the name Kṛṣṇa is also limiting. But if they come out of their mundane understanding they can see that there is limitless name, form etc possible in the spiritual realm.
The name Kṛṣṇa is an all encompassing one. In fact it means the all-attractive one. Arjuna tells Kṛṣṇa 'sarvam samāpnoṣi tato 'si sarvaḥ' – "Since You encompass everything, You are everything". (BG 11.40). So the name Kṛṣṇa is not a limiting one. And Kṛṣṇa's form is not limited to a particular area like ours. When Yaśodā opened Kṛṣṇa's mouth to see if He had eaten dirt, she saw the whole creation in His belly. How could a limited form hold everything in existence? Kṛṣṇa does have His likes and dislikes. He plays on a flute and not on a guitar. He likes butter and not cow's flesh. His color is bluish black and so on. And He says in BG that He appears to protect His devotees and kill the miscreants. So He makes distinctions. But this does not mean that there is something in existence that is not Kṛṣṇa. Everything is Kṛṣṇa but Kṛṣṇa is different from everything. He is the concentrated form of Brahman, full of bliss.
Śrīla Prabhupāda in his introduction to Bhāgavatam, makes a distinction between God and the Absolute Truth. God is some powerful controller, whereas the Absolute Truth is the source of everything. As said in the message about Janmastami from Krishna.com, Absolute Truth means everything and everyone is a part of Krishna. His point of view encompasses all reality.
And we should know that the Absolute Truth is much more than the all powerful Almighty. He has a sweeter side too and that conception of God is the highest, and that is Kṛṣṇa. So when we accept Kṛṣṇa we accept all other deities and more.


text:
Kiwi.com news
Going big: Airbnb landlord makes $15.5m a year
< Travel news
By Ondřej Koraba
By Ondřej Koraba | November 9, 2017
With 881 properties to rent and earnings of more than $15 million per year, a London-based host is the most profitable Airbnb user
The most profitable Airbnb host has 818 properties in London — Shutterstock
Airbnb is no longer an app that helps property owners earn some additional income. Using the service has become a real business in the emerging sharing economy, in which some of the most active users can make millions.
According to statistics provided by AirDNA, the most active landlord is based in London. They offer 881 places to rent and have made $15.5 million over the last 12 months.
Another active user gets $15.45 million from their 504 properties in Bali. The Indonesian island is also world's most profitable destination. The average earnings per property is more than $40,000 per year.
Other prolific landlords have offerings in Cape Town, Paris and Barcelona where they earn over $1.3 million thanks to their apartments, flats or single rooms.
AirDNA CEO Scott Shatford told The Telegraph that the economy is shifting and new types of businesses are emerging.
"Airbnb is no longer a community just for individuals renting out their space or properties on their own," he said.
"These numbers don't show a multimillionaire sitting on a gold mine. These are businesses that have emerged in this new economy, with hundreds of employees, managing other people's second homes."
Properties in Bali are the most profitable on Airbnb — Shutterstock
Shatford admits that such development has its downsides. Mostly because the app is slowly becoming less of an alternative for people who want to avoid hotels during their travels.
"These people want to meet people, and for them it's getting harder and harder to decipher what is a corporate rental hotel against the one where Jane is going to meet you at the door and tell you all about the cool things to do in town."
An Airbnb spokesperson disagreed with the standpoint, stating: "The vast majority of Airbnb hosts are regular people who share their homes – typically their greatest expense – to boost their income and support their families."
However, TechCrunch reported yesterday that Hostmaker, an Airbnb management service had received $15 million in funding.
Hostmaker is run by Airbnb superhost Nakul Sharma and aims to manage a range of properties owned by people who do not have the resources to publicise and run a small business on the site. It is a sign of how Airbnb's platform is transforming as businesses see new ways to profit through the platform.
Ondřej Koraba
Ondřej Koraba is a freelance journalist and content marketer.
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Payday Loans in Des Allemands (Saint Charles County) LA - How to Get a Payday Loan in Des Allemands?
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text:
Ottawa Cyclists Get Traffic Tickets and Free Bells
BicycleLaw September 14, 2009 May 8th, 2016
CBC News: Ottawa cyclists get traffic tickets and free bells
Last Updated: Monday, September 14, 2009 | 12:42 PM ET
Police started targeting bicycle safety violations after five people were injured when their bicycles were hit by a minivan in Ottawa's west end in July.
More than 340 cyclist were ticketed for safety violations in Ottawa last month, and police handed out 500 free bicycle bells to cyclists who didn't have them, all part of the city's road safety program.
Hundreds of information pamphlets on safe cycling were also handed out at locations known to be a high risk for collisions between bicycles and cars, police said.
The free bicycle bells were provided in a partnership between the city and the outdoors-equipment store Fresh Air Experience.
In the same month, 500 drivers were charged with running red lights, police said.
Ottawa's Integrated Road Safety Program was set up in 2003 by the city's public works and health departments, working with the police service.
Each month since 2004, the program has enforced two initiatives that target specific traffic safety priorities.
The targeting of cyclists followed the accident that injured five cyclists who were hit by a minivan on March Road in Ottawa's west end July 19.
All five were treated in hospital.
Sommit Luangpakham, 45, was charged with five counts of dangerous operation of a motor vehicle causing bodily harm, following a police investigation of the collision.