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Who Gets COPD?
COPD is more than just a smoker's condition. Other populations are at risk for this chronic lung condition, too. Here's what you need to know to minimize your risk.
Wyatt Myers
Medically Reviewed by Farrokh Sohrabi, MD
If you don't know much about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also called COPD, or you think it's something only smokers have to worry about — you're not alone. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimates more than 12 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with COPD and that another 12 million may have it without knowing it.
Who gets COPD? More women than men develop the lung condition, according to a recent report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Statistics show more than 6 percent of women have COPD, compared with just more than 4 percent of men. There are also ethnic differences among people who get COPD: Nearly 7 percent of Puerto Ricans, 5.7 percent of Caucasians, 4.4 percent of African-Americans, and 2.6 percent of Mexican-Americans are affected.
"COPD is often misunderstood by the public," says Brian Carlin, MD, an assistant professor of medicine at Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia and former chairman of the COPD Alliance. That's because they often relate their symtoms to getting older or another illness. "Many smokers feel their cough is a 'normal smoker's cough,' yet there is truly no type of cough that is normal," he says. "Others think as they get older they should become more short of breath with activity, but this, again, is not normal."
How Do You Get COPD?
COPD risks vary considerably, but there's no question smoking plays a major factor in who gets it. Smokers make up the biggest group of people who develop COPD. People exposed to secondhand smoke may also have a greater risk.
5 COPD Myths That Can Actually Make You Sicker
COPD: Everything You Need to Know About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Other causes of COPD include exposure to indoor pollutants — perhaps at the workplace or in countries where home cooking with biofuels is common — and an inherited risk, such as a genetic abnormality called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, says Dr. Carlin.
Carlin also notes that in some instances, COPD can develop as a result of the aging process alone, but experts still don't fully understand why.
More research is needed to better understand these risk factors and why women are more prone to COPD than men. "It does appear that there are predispositions for women to develop COPD at an earlier age than men," Carlin says. "These are presumably due to genetic differences in the way a woman responds to the effects of cigarette smoke compared to a man. Research is actively under way in trying to determine the mechanism behind this."
Lowering Your COPD Risk
Though unanswered questions about COPD and who gets it remain, doctors do know what people can do to better prevent it. "The best way to lower the risk of developing COPD, or prevent any of the symptoms or complications associated with it, is to never begin smoking cigarettes," says Carlin. "If you are a smoker, the sooner you quit, the better."
Since COPD is a progressive condition, early diagnosis is key to slowing down its effects. If you experience unusual shortness of breath or chronic coughing, see your doctor.
The best way to diagnose COPD, Carlin says, is to have your primary care provider perform a simple test called spirometry to measure your lung function. "Although this is the only way to truly diagnose the condition, many people who have COPD have never had this test," he says.
A potentially dangerous bacterial infection, cellulitis affects the deeper layers of the skin, below the epidermis. It appears as an expanding pink or red patch, often on the legs, that feels warm and hard and may also be painful and swollen.Learn More
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hi all, I am newbie in Revit. I want to scale down the "room tag" (defined in original "M_Room Tag.rfa" or "Room Tag.rfa" files) to use it in some small areas. I know how to change the font size of labels, but I tried with no success to change the border of label. Who can help me? I appreciate any help or clues directing to solve the problem. P.S. I made a mistake typing "room tag" in title of thread, unable to correct it.
Get Block data without picking the block...?
Changing an attrtibute tag definition without BATTMAN.
Is there any way to rename a tag without using battman? I need to replace some drawing borders and some of the attribute tags on the new border are named differently from the tags on the old border. I'd like to be able to use transparent commands to make a script file to do it automatically instead of calling up battman, clicking through and typing on every single one.
I have hundreds of drawings with attributes that are duplicated. I can't go through each individual drawing, call up BATTMAN and delete them one by one. I need a way to automate the process. The duplicates always show up in EATTE and show up most of the time in BATTMAN. I need a lisp that will find and delete duplicates shown in RED while leaving the originals intact. Can anyone help?


text:
Louisville Free Public Library
Front view of the main branch's original building
38°14′39.98″N 85°45′28.23″W / 38.2444389°N 85.7578417°W / 38.2444389; -85.7578417
Pilcher and Tachau
Beaux-Arts architecture
The Louisville Free Public Library (LFPL) is the largest public library system in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Officially opened in 1905,[2] the library's main branch is sited at Fourth and York streets, south of Broadway in downtown Louisville. The library's Head of Reference from its opening until 1910 was Marilla Waite Freeman,[2] who would go on to become one of the most well-known librarians in the country.
Additional branches were added over time, including the Western Colored Branch, which was the first Carnegie-housed library in the U.S. built solely for African Americans. Thomas Fountain Blue was appointed head of the Colored Branch in 1905 as well as the Eastern Colored Branch when it opened in 1914; he also started the first library training program for African Americans in the United States.[3]
The infamous Flood of 1937 damaged both the Portland and Main branches. Since 1908 a museum was opened to the public in the basement of the York Street branch. After the devastating flood, the museum was temporary relocated to the Monserrat school. In 1971, the museum moved downtown to West Main Street to become the Louisville Science & History Museum.
In 1950 the library became the first library in the nation to put its own FM-radio station on the air—WFPL. A second station, WFPK, joined it a few years later. In 1969, a $4 million north building was added to the classicizing Carnegie structure. This provided an additional 110,000 square feet (10,000 m2) of floor space, compared to the 42,000 sq ft (3,900 m²) in the original building.
At one time LFPL had over 30 branches, but a number of them were forced to close due to lack of funding. Currently, there are 17 branches, in addition to the main library site. Internet services and inter-library loan have helped to make up for havig fewer branches.
In 2007, a proposed tax increase to pay for Louisville Free Public Library improvements and ongoing costs was soundly defeated in spite of strong support by many political and business leaders. Nonetheless, with the help of the Library Foundation and community support, a new education and technology-driven, $1.9 million branch library[4] was completed and opened in the Newburg area (a traditionally underserved community) in August 2009.
In early August 2009 the main branch was flooded when a storm dropped 7 inches (18 cm) of water on the city in 75 minutes. The library servers, bookmobiles, offices, and processing rooms were under 6 feet (180 cm) of water. 50,000 books were destroyed, and the building severely damaged, with a total estimate of $5 million. Structural, mechanical, electrical, and computer systems damage were near complete, forcing the main library to close for several weeks. Other branches in the system in hard-hit areas were closed for a few days while damage was assessed and cleanup undertaken. The library system itself remained open for business throughout the event. The last time the main building had flooded was in the Ohio River flood of 1937. Three other branches of the library system were damaged or affected in the flooding as well: Bon Air Regional Branch, Iroquois Branch, and Shawnee Branch libraries. Despite the level of damage, library services at all branches, including the main, were able to return to near full service.
Bennett H. Young, founder.
Mayor Charles F. Grainger, founder.
^ a b Louisville Free Public Library Board of Trustees. Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Louisville Free Public Library (1905-1911). Louisville, Kentucky. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
^ Burress, Jacob Carlton (2016). The colored librarian: Thomas F. Blue and the Louisville Free Public Library's Colored Department, 1905–1935 (MA). Louisville, Kentucky: University of Louisville. p. 3. doi:10.18297/etd/2420.
Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Louisville Free Public Library, The Library, 1905, OCLC 1644732, OL 20486125M
Louisville Free Public Library (1914), Some books in the Louisville Free Public Library of interest to Catholic readers, Louisville, Ky, OCLC 8107487, OL 6581880M


text:
The Building Design Advisor
Title The Building Design Advisor
Authors Konstantinos M Papamichael, John LaPorta, Hannah L Chauvet, Deirdre Collins, Thomas Trzcinski, Jack A Thorpe, Stephen E Selkowitz
Conference Name ACADIA 1996 Conference
Conference Location Tucson, AZ
The Building Design Advisor (BDA) is a software environment that supports the integrated use of multiple analysis and visualization tools throughout the building design process, from the initial, schematic design phases to the detailed specification of building components and systems. Based on a comprehensive design theory, the BDA uses an object-oriented representation of the building and its context, and acts as a data manager and process controller to allow building designers to benefit from the capabilities of multiple tools. The BDA provides a graphical user interface that consists of two main elements: the Building Browser and the Decision Desktop. The Browser allows building designers to quickly navigate through the multitude of descriptive and performance parameters addressed by the analysis and visualization tools linked to the BDA. Through the Browser the user can edit the values of input parameters and select any number of input and/or output parameters for display in the Decision Desktop. The Desktop allows building designers to compare multiple design alternatives with respect to any number of parameters addressed by the tools linked to the BDA. The BDA is implemented as a Windows™-based application for personal computers. Its initial version is linked to a Schematic Graphic Editor (SGE), which allows designers to quickly and easily specify the geometric characteristics of building components and systems. For every object created in the SGE, the BDA supplies モsmartヤ default values from a Prototypical Values Database (PVD) for all non-geometric parameters required as input to the analysis and visualization tools linked to the BDA. In addition to the SGE and the PVD, the initial version of the BDA is linked to a daylight analysis tool, an energy analysis tool, and a multimedia Case Studies Database (CSD). The next version of the BDA will be linked to additional tools, such as a photo-accurate rendering program and a cost analysis program. Future versions will address the whole building life-cycle and will be linked to construction, commissioning and building monitoring tools.
LBL-38584


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Girl Power at Hills Grammar
Choosing to Challenge was the theme for this year's International Women's Day and remains a prominent notion for Hills Grammar as they announced the launch of their new program 'Girls of Hills'.
The program will connect female students via a junior-senior mentoring program.
A key goal is student empowerment, with the girls being actively challenged and encouraged to realise their leadership potential and strengths, alongside their mentors.
In conjunction with the launch of 'Girls of the Hills' School Captain, Renae Muscat and Head of Junior School, Mrs Sarah Black sat down for a heart-to-heart interview about what their prospects are for the program.
Mrs Black shares that "Our senior girls will be matched and formally mentor their Years 3 and 4 partners." These partnerships between the Senior School students and the Junior School will be carefully considered, based on similar life experiences, as well as interests and aspirations.
Mrs Black hopes that these partnerships will assist the students in identifying their unique strengths and skills in a co-educational environment. She adds the program will "help them understand 'what is the meaning' to being a girl at Hills Grammar, rather than a girl perhaps in a single sex school."
Mrs Sarah Black is a Hills Grammar alumna from the Class of 1989 and understands first-hand the importance of experiencing a co-education alongside other strong female leaders.
"It's a really powerful message, and something as girls from Hills Grammar, we really need to embrace."
The girls will come together for an inspiring and energising Development Day in the coming weeks.


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Luxury Braces for $43 Billion in Losses as Coronavirus Panic Goes Global
The tragedy's effects are rippling across the industry, from front rows to travel retail.
Louis Vuitton store on Via Montenapoleone, Milan | Source: Shutterstock
Zoe Suen
LONDON, United Kingdom — As global coronavirus cases continue to grow, luxury brands are readying themselves for the worst.
Two weeks after the end of mainland China's state-mandated extended Lunar New Year "holiday," new cases of COVID-19 have skyrocketed in countries like Iran, South Korea and Italy, where at least six people have died and over 230 have tested positive. Stock markets plunged worldwide as the Italian government imposed lockdowns on 10 towns and cut short public events, including the Carnival of Venice. At Milan Fashion Week, Giorgio Armani streamed the brand's runway show from an empty venue.
The coronavirus could be a black swan for an industry that, for years, has remained impervious to macroeconomic and political volatility and reliant on mainland China for the bulk of its growth.
A new report by Altagamma, BCG and Bernstein predicts that even the most nimble brands could be staring down the barrel of a €10 billion decline in luxury sales this year (around $10.8 billion at current exchange rates). The industry could lose €30-40 billion in sales this year as the sector's value drops to €309 billion (around $335 billion), a five-year low.
Meanwhile, challenging trading conditions could persist until next year as Chinese consumers — who since 2012 have driven 70 percent of global growth in the luxury segment — stay at home, and a slowdown is mirrored in major luxury markets like Japan.
"The longer the outbreak lasts, the more problematic and longer it will take for brands to recover," said Mario Ortelli, managing partner of luxury advisors Ortelli & Co. Companies have halted store openings and shifted spending from events to digital marketing, but structural changes have yet to take shape. While some luxury brands have reopened stores in mainland China, many points of sale are still closed or limiting opening hours.
The longer the outbreak lasts, the more problematic and longer it will take for brands to recover.
Ortelli predicted that the first quarter of 2020 will be one of the luxury industry's worst in years, though some brands will be more exposed to risks than others.
"Take Louis Vuitton and Burberry — both are very reliant on Chinese consumers," said Ortelli. "Louis Vuitton focuses on leather goods and Burberry on ready-to-wear. If you lose a quarter it's easier for Louis Vuitton to pick up as you'll see the postponement of a purchase, whereas ready-to-wear brands lose a whole season." The likes of LVMH, Burberry, Kering and Moncler have already warned of a steep decline in Chinese shopping.
The epidemic has disrupted travel in and out of mainland China and resulted in the imposition of travel bans in the likes of Singapore to Australia. On February 23, Turkey, Pakistan and Armenia closed their borders with Iran. In Europe, a train and bus were stopped in Austria and Lyon respectively on suspicion that travellers were showing virus symptoms.
As a result, retail outlets in airports and tourist hot spots are seeing a severe slowdown that will worsen as other countries impose restrictions. "Travel retail could easily diminish by half," said Ortelli. "We're facing travel paralysis — I've heard many brands saying numbers are falling off a cliff."
Cancellations in Milan could produce a knock-on effect for Paris Fashion Week festivities running from February 24 to March 3. Shiseido-owned Clé de Peau Beauté cancelled its event in Paris, which was scheduled for February 25. Show cancellations could follow.
"Tonight there is no epidemic in France," French Health Minister Olivier Veran told reporters on February 23. Veran is scheduled to discuss the situation with fellow European health ministers this week. "But there is a problematic situation at the door, in Italy, that we are watching with great attention."
[ Coronavirus Is Disrupting Fashion's Global Supply Chain. Here's What Brands Can Do. ]
[ Everything Fashion Brands Need to Know About the Coronavirus ]
Mario Ortelli
Altagamma


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TRUTH OR DARE? A CRITICAL MADNESS
By Admin	| August 17, 2010
DVD releases will help to reevaluate many forgotten films. Not with this one. "Truth or Dare: A Critical Madness" (1986) is a nostalgia act, plain and simple. There's not much here to appreciate except its dated nature, how it recalls an extinct type of viewing still in collective memory. I'm talking about the direct-to-video horror titles of the 1980s. As the grindhouses and drive-ins died off in the wake of the growing VHS market, video distributors redirected their low-grade exploitation to home viewing, as did the porn industry. Hence, titles like "Hard Rock Zombies" would show up in the local video store and in our homes, perhaps for a light-night sleepover. With more attention paid to the cover art than the actual movie, we'd be in for a let-down, while the thrills of watching something forbidden may have won out. The hungry VHS market allowed 18-year-old Tim Ritter to write and direct a feature film, based on the success of his entry in a previous anthology short. Footage of the short piece appears in a featurette on the new DVD release from Sub Rosa Studios, and the footage looks like what we'd expect: a series of awkward shots and lines. Tim Ritter worked on it after the bell rang at 3:00.
The feature film Truth or Dare, which he made at 18, expanded the short anthology piece on 16mm, though looking more like video stock. It features a middle-class everyman who comes home to find his wife cheating with his best friend. It's the premise for his descent into madness, which happens after he takes off and begins seeing visions. The people manifesting before him urge him to play the kids' game of "truth of dare," only now the dares request self mutilation and other forms of mayhem. As Ritter comments in the featurette, the premise borrows the "is this real?" motifs appearing in the smash hit "Nightmare on Elm Street" series. It sends unhinged Mike Strauber (John Brace) to a mental asylum more than once and makes his enemies into targets. The twitchy performance of Brace sells the idea more than Ritter's handling of the camera.
he most interesting aspect of the film is how Ritter got access to so many resources, even if the end result makes it hard to believe. Working with a professional effects team, he got some decent gore onscreen, along with explosions care of a team consisting of one who, according to the director, worked on "Back to the Future." The art department fashioned a honestly twisted mask for Brace to don in the film's latter part. Looking like a swollen smiley face with the mouth inverted, we wish that it could have gotten into the hands of someone like Frank Henenlotter. Little is done with it save the psycho's driving the streets to abruptly cut down a baby carriage and a kid on a bike. Ritter struggles to provide clear transitions to his flashbacks, which detract from the aim to capture madness. And yet the cornball synthesizer score and hammy amateur performances will have thirtysomethings recalling fond, bygone viewings.
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A set of 4 cut apart sheets featuring over 100 pieces for you to cut out and create with! Includes a variety of versatile pieces including labels, journal cards and phrase strips. Professionally printed on heavyweight 270gsm matte finish paper stock, which is perfect for writing on.


The all-new Princess V78 is the flagship of the Princess V Class range, with a spacious and luxurious interior concealed within a dynamic and striking exterior; the V78 is a sanctuary of relaxation and exhilaration.
Introducing the new addition to the Princess V Class range for 2019 – the flagship, the Princess V78.
From the moment you step on board, her quality in craftsmanship and detail is clear. With a grand central access from the bathing platform to the cockpit with flexible seating and a spacious galley aft arrangement, ideal for socialising and entertaining; the V78 has been built with our owners in mind, combining luxury and practicality into this contemporary build. With a top speed of up to 39 knots, she won't disappoint on performance, with breath-taking agility and a comfortable ride achieved by her resin-infused hull. Her hydraulic transom platform with 4.45m tender garage, including an integrated tender launch system, is the perfect base to enjoy watersports from.
The pioneering deep V-hull is recognisable of the V Class range, making the most of the voluminous space on board whilst maintaining exceptional seakeeping. This ingenious design ensures top speeds whilst using less power and less fuel. The fluid exterior lines of the Princess V78 are unmistakably V Class, from the contemporary knife-shaped hull windows to the progressive new canopy styling blade; she is powerful yet elegant. Her outdoor spaces have been well thought through, with an adaptable layout to respond to yours and your guests needs so that you can make the most of socialising and relaxing on board. With an electric-opening sun roof over the main deck saloon, plus with the panoramic windows, you are spoilt with undisturbed vistas whilst being flooded with natural daylight.
The contemporary and dynamic design continues as you step on board, with beautifully crafted interiors designed with meticulous attention to detail, both in terms of form and function, to deliver creative solutions, tailored to make your yachting experience even better. Careful attention has been paid into the transition between the exterior and interior, with flowing lines welcoming you into the saloon and gentle curves to guide you through to the lower deck. Here, there is accommodation for 8 people across 4 berths, each featuring a private en suite, with the master stateroom taking pride of place through a private stairway flooded with natural light from its panoramic window.
The all-new Princess V78 is a haven of luxury, combining an eye for detail with flexible living, sure to deliver the finest V Class experience.
† Speeds are given at half load condition with boat to standard specification and with no additional equipment on board. Speeds are estimated and given in good faith but without warranty.


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MovingJapan.com - What is the difference in packing for Air Shipments and Sea Shipments ?
Air shipments are rougher than sea shipments. Therefore stronger packing materials are required. Double layer cardboard boxes are a recommended minimum.


text:
Canada joins the Arms Trade Treaty — but will it cancel the Saudi deal?
A group of arms control and human rights experts welcomes Canada's accession to the ATT but reminds the government that such an act should require the cancellation of arms sales to Saudi Arabia.
Cesar Jaramillo
Kenneth Epps
A tank belonging to the Saudi-led coalition is seen in the sand dunes of the Yemeni front line province of Marib September 14, 2015. REUTERS/Noah Browning
On September 17, Canada formally joined the global Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) as the 105th state party to do so, nearly five years after this landmark multilateral treaty entered into force. We applaud this welcome step. But there will be no standing ovation.
Not while Canadian arms exports to Saudi Arabia continue, already 11 months after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that they would be reviewed. And let's not forget the backdrop to this review: the brutal assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi last October, which UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary killings Agnes Callamard has described as a "premeditated extrajudicial execution," for which the state of Saudi Arabia is responsible.
Saudi Arabia is one of the world's worst violators of human and women's rights. It is also the chief instigator of the humanitarian crisis and perpetrator of war crimes in Yemen, now enduring its fifth year of armed conflict and on the brink of famine.
Exporting arms to such a recipient is patently incompatible with the ATT, which recognizes that poor regulation of conventional weapons transfers has caused immeasurable death and destruction around the world. To achieve a core purpose of "reducing human suffering," the ATT sets common global standards for the national control of shipments of conventional weapons across international borders.
Despite earlier government claims that relevant Canadian laws met or exceeded ATT standards, treaty membership has required Canada to improve domestic export controls with new laws and regulations.
In perhaps the most important example, Canada's foreign minister is now obligated to review the risks that weapons transfers could be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian law, human rights and gender violence as well as the risk to international or regional peace and security. If risks are deemed substantial, the minister is legally bound to deny the transfers.
This crucial new obligation must change Canadian practice. Had this obligation been in place before 2014, the $15-billion order to provide and support armoured vehicles shipments to Saudi Arabia would have been a non-starter.
Canada joins the ATT at a time when international legal standards that are at the treaty's core are under threat. Human rights protections, prevention of war crimes, and compliance with international obligations like arms embargoes are losing state champions. Worse, many nominally democratic states openly breach international law.
During this national election period, worldwide human suffering compels serious attention. In particular, the conflict in Yemen demands acknowledgement, not only as the world's worst humanitarian disaster, but as an example of what happens when international legal obligations are ignored.
"Canada's foreign minister is now obligated to review the risks that weapons transfers could be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian law, human rights and gender violence."
The latest report by the UN Group of Eminent Experts on Yemen, released at the beginning of September, documents the continuing widespread suffering of Yemen civilians caused by armed conflict. It clearly indicates that Saudi-led coalition forces in Yemen are breaking international law and should be investigated for war crimes.
Importantly, the report directly links the disaster in Yemen to the support provided by external governments to the forces fighting in Yemen. It notes that "the Arms Trade Treaty … prohibits the authorization of arms transfers with the knowledge that these would be used to commit war crimes" and "observes that the continued supply of weapons to parties involved in the conflict in Yemen perpetuates the conflict and the suffering of the population."
Canada's accession to the ATT should be about more than a simple strengthening of national export control standards. Canada is the third-largest arms supplier to Saudi Arabia in recent years, as well as a supplier to other Middle Eastern states fighting in Yemen. There may be an economic price to pay to comply with domestic and international arms control regulations. But the human cost of an unregulated arms trade is much higher.
We are well aware of each argument made by Ottawa to maintain these exports: there may be penalties for breaking contracts; Saudi Arabia promotes regional peace and stability; there has been 'no conclusive evidence' of misuse; if Canadian companies don't arm the Saudis, someone else will. And we are not persuaded.
The seriousness of the Yemen crisis, and Canada's connection to it, demand the attention of all the political parties that could make up Canada's next parliament. On the occasion of Canada's accession to the ATT, we call on all parties to clearly state how Canada will demonstrate international leadership on arms transfers and the resolution of the Yemen crisis.
To us, such leadership must include the cancellation of arms exports to Saudi Arabia.
Anne Duhamel, Oxfam-Québec
Cesar Jaramillo, Project Ploughshares
Brittany Lambert, Oxfam Canada
Peggy Mason, Rideau Institute
Justin Mohammed, Amnesty International Canada
Daniel Turp, Professor, University of Montreal
Thomas Woodley, Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East
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Journalism in Canada has suffered a devastating decline over the last two decades. Dozens of newspapers and outlets have shuttered. Remaining newsrooms are smaller. Nowhere is this erosion more acute than in the coverage of foreign policy and international news. It's expensive, and Canadians, oceans away from most international upheavals, pay the outside world comparatively little attention.
At Open Canada, we believe this must change. If anything, the pandemic has taught us we can't afford to ignore the changing world. What's more, we believe, most Canadians don't want to. Many of us, after all, come from somewhere else and have connections that reach around the world.
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Rebuilding Brazilian Foreign Policy From Scratch
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Baby Sayings For Baby Shower. These genuine baby shower quotes will help you craft the perfect message for baby and Mom-to-be for an upcoming baby shower.
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(HEALTHDAY NEWS) — Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common kind of menstrual pain, the U.S. National Library of Medicine says.
It is typically caused by an overabundance of chemicals produced by the uterus. These chemicals, called prostaglandins, trigger cramps when the uterus contracts and relaxes.
Pain associated with menstruation can start a day or two before your period and last for a few days or longer. The intensity of pain varies from woman to woman.
Use a heating pad or hot water bottle on the lower abdomen.
Practice relaxation techniques, such as yoga or meditation.


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Anton Chekhov and how he became known as the "Great Artist"
Find Anton Chekov on Amazon
Anton Chekov's Works in Russian
Anton Chekhov's artistic vocation sprung from his longing to be heard, and remembered. More importantly, he wrote for the people, who were also capable of change, he said, "I believe in particular people, I see salvation in particular personalities, scattered here and there throughout the whole of Russia- whether they are intellectuals or peasants, and there is strength in them, though they are few."
Chekhov liked to toy with the idea of whether or not he was a true artist, as great artists always do. In a letter to Alexei Pleshcheyev, he says, "My holy of holies is the human body, health, intelligence, talent, inspiration, love, and absolute freedom…this is the program to which I would adhere were I a great artist."
Chekhov found solace in his art, and he used his experience in the medical field to fuel his creativity. He was known for charging very little for his services, and sometimes nothing at all, this kind of generosity found itself in the company of people from all walks of life, people who soon became muses for the many colorful Chekhovian characters. Specifically Masha, who represented the soul of Three Sisters. Masha was first played by Chekhov's wife, Olga Knipper.
Casting Masha as the jaded sloth that many portray her as is a complete opposition to the spirit she represents. Dressed in all black, Masha does experience grief. She is not complacent in her grief though, instead she is in constant reflection, in constant yearning for an exciting love.
Even though Masha begins a love affair with the lieutenant Vershinin, she is the most honest character in the whole play. She doesn't follow any Western idea of love, nor does she flounder. Somewhat reserved, quick to snap, easily moved, she cannot be categorized. This is why she is exacerbated by her husband, the teacher, who is constantly described as "nice" and "boring."
Chekhov had a very beautiful correspondence with Olga Knipper, and Masha was specifically written with her in mind. Olga Knipper too spoke three languages, played the piano, and was an enigmatic human being; a true talent with a mind of her own.
In the very last scene, while all three mourn together for each other and their individual losses, it is surprisingly Masha first to speak, in the shortest amount of words, with the greatest amount of hope, "Listen, how the music is playing! They are going away from us, one of them has already gone, gone forever, and we are left here alone to start our lives again. We must go on living… We must go on living…" The spirit that Masha embodies keeps the play alive, and so it seems that Olga Knipper kept Anton Chekhov alive, with her ever-changing, ever-passionate-rebellious love, he found his great artist.


Would winning the Champions League be the yardstick for success for Pep Guardiola at Man City?
With a 3-2 result in their favour over FC Schalke in the first leg, it is Manchester City who hold all the cards to go through to the UEFA Champions League quarter finals. But, is that enough for Pep Guardiola and co? Definitely not.
Arguably one of the greatest managers in the modern era, Guardiola was brought into the club to deliver the sole thing that has eluded City far - European success. The powers that be at Manchester City have only further endowed the Spaniard with all the tools required and it will be imperative for the Sky Blues to go all the way and lift the famous old trophy at the third time of asking under the 'Guardiola era'.
Starting off his managerial career at FC Barcelona, the 48-year-old won two Champions League titles in four seasons (2008-09 and 2010-11). Interestingly, Guardiola has not led a team to the Champions League final since. Even during his three years at Bayern Munich, his team went out at the semifinals thrice.
After taking up the Manchester City job in 2016, Guardiola has not even reached the semifinal yet. It was AS Monaco who knocked City out in the Round of 16 in 2016-17 while fellow English club Liverpool had the better of the Mancunian outfit in the quarter finals last season.
Since coming onto the shores of England, Guardiola has not shyed away of splurging big money in the transfer market. Almost €600 million has been spent on new players in the past six windows as there is no denying Guardiola is creating an all-conquering side domestically.
The Spaniard converted City into a force that struck fear in the hearts of all its opponents. In that season, the side from Manchester broke the record for most consecutive wins (18), most goals scored (106), most wins (32), most points (100), most away wins (16), most away points (50), highest goal difference (+79) and most points ahead of second placed team (19).
While the first two seasons might have been hard to toggle between regaining domestic supremacy and European progression, the owners and fans of City will expect more from Guardiola now.
Schalke on Tuesday night will be yet another hurdle in City's quest to reach the European pinnacle. A 60.3 per cent win record as a manager in Europe's elite competition speaks volumes of Guardiola's pedigree and class. The Champions League title in the hands of Pep Guardiola at the end of the season will define his success at Manchester City in a different level altogether.


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STERLING, WILLIAM WARREN
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STERLING, WILLIAM WARREN (1891–1960). William Warren Sterling, lawman, son of Edward A. and Mary (Chamberlain) Sterling, was born near Belton, Texas, on April 27, 1891, and spent his early years on his family's ranch before they moved to Beaumont in 1901. He entered Texas A&M at seventeen and two years later was working on ranches near Falfurrias and in Hidalgo County. During 1915–16, when political unrest in Mexico spilled over the Rio Grande border, he was a posseman and scout for the Third United States Cavalry in Hidalgo and Cameron counties. During World War I he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Ninth Texas Infantry. Afterward he was in Mirando City as deputy sheriff and justice of the peace during the oil boom in Webb County. In 1927 Governor Dan Moody appointed him captain, Company D, Texas Rangers, and he was sent immediately to the boomtown of Borger. In 1928 his ranger headquarters was moved to Falfurrias. About this time the sculptor Gutzon Borglum used Sterling as the model for his planned Texas Ranger statue. In 1929 Sterling was in Pettus when an oil boom started there, and he helped stop the lawlessness. During the administration of Governor Ross S. Sterling he served as adjutant general (commander of the Texas Rangers and the Texas National Guard); in this capacity he closed the Red River bridge at Denison during the much publicized Red River bridge controversy between Oklahoma and Texas in 1931. Sterling resigned from the rangers at the close of his service as adjutant general in 1933. As a colonel during World War II he helped set up selective service for the Eighth Service Command. Sterling managed the Driscoll ranches in South Texas and later appraised ranches. His book, Trails and Trials of a Texas Ranger, was published in 1959. He was married to Zora Lou Eckhardt, and they had two daughters. Sterling died on April 26, 1960, and was buried in Seaside Memorial Park, Corpus Christi.
Austin American, April 27, 1960, August 28, 1969. Brooks County Texan, March 22, 1929. Cattleman, May 1960. Corpus Christi Caller and Daily Herald, February 15, 16, 27, 28, 1915. Oran Warder Nolen, "Col. W. W. Sterling: Cowman, Texas Ranger and a Prince among Men," Cattleman, June 1966. Vertical Files, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin.
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Call for Papers: Texas Center for Working-Class Studies Events, Symposia, and Workshops
Hi all! You may be interested in this call for papers I received from the Texas Center for Working-Class Studies at Collin College...
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Portugal inches closer to recognising Palestine
Misleading court: SC suspends licence of PTI's main counsel
The fate of the Islamic State
Likelihood of IS gaining a foothold in Pakistan cannot be disregarded outright
Saad Saud December 13, 2014
In October, six Taliban commanders pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the self-anointed emir of the Islamic State, which aspires to unite Muslims worldwide under the transnational umbrella of a caliphate. This was followed by the proliferation of paraphernalia sympathetic to the cause of the IS across the length and breadth of Pakistan, coupled with a warning from the Muttahida Qaumi Movement chief Altaf Hussain regarding the threat posed by the IS to the nation.
While Pakistan possesses all the key attributes required to provide groups of the IS's ilk with a conducive environment, one can derive solace from the knowledge that the Islamic State is destined to eventually lose steam. The history of the Muslim world is replete with instances epitomising the failure of transnational movements to coalesce regions that are historically distinct, culturally conspicuous and theologically plural into a unified territorial unit.
Historically, the territories comprising the Muslim world have remained differentiated politically. For example, the fighting prowess of the Ikhwan, coupled with certain religious teachings engendered the rise of Saudi Arabia, the third Saudi state, covering most of the Arabian Peninsula. In contrast, the emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign state can be traced back to linguistic nationalism, economic disparity and political disenfranchisement.
Culturally, as Mani Shankar Aiyar points out in Confessions of a Secular Fundamentalist, the advent and spread of Islam as a religion in large swathes of the world culminated in the rise of a novel way of life and a prototype of statecraft that succeeded in consigning everything indigenous to recipient cultures to the pages of history. However, in the Indian subcontinent, Hinduism managed to withstand the revolutionary message and fighting prowess of Islam despite the passage of 700 years of Muslim rule, fostering the rise of a syncretic culture peculiar to India.
Moreover, theological opinions on questions of pivotal importance tend to be irreconcilable within the Muslim world. A committee constituted by the Government of Pakistan to probe the Punjab disturbances of 1953 explicated the conundrum of instituting an Islamic state by underscoring the inability of the learned divines of the nation to unanimously concur on the defining characteristics of a Muslim.
While the likelihood of the Islamic State gaining a foothold in Pakistan cannot be disregarded outright, one can certainly draw comfort from the fact that a transnational endeavour that seeks to unite diverse peoples through a theocratic instrument is bound to unravel before the forces of history, culture and pluralism.
Published in The Express Tribune, December 13th, 2014.
Adeel Gardezi | 7 years ago | Reply
The author has very comprehensively given the account of transnational movements inspired by religious theology fading into the pages of history. Nonetheless the most disturbing element in our society that may play a pivotal role in giving a foothold to IS is the intolerance to other sects and beliefs. Over a period of time, nurturing hatred has become far easier than sowing love and tolerance. Such nurseries of unravelling divide among followers of religion of peace has already caused unprecedented damage to peace and harmony of society. Adding fuel to the fire is foreign support fueling the feud among masses.
Islamic State in Pakistan: MQM submits call attention notice in Sindh Assembly
More than 700 Iraqi Kurd fighters killed since June IS offensive
Suspected South Asian al Qaeda commander arrested in Karachi


Simple Style really resonated, with readers, and continues to be a popular one that people search for… I think the need for simplicity says a lot about our times.
I was surprised that Choosing a Color Palette was number two among the style posts. I know color can be a real challenge for women (and men). I find that that the 2+2 base offers a balance of structure and flexibility that works both when starting from scratch, and from an existing closet full of clothes.
I don't suppose there was any surprise that Style Tips to Look Thinner made the Top 5. It is one of the first questions clients (and others) ask me when they find out what I do. Even with more diverse body shapes and sizes showing up in the media, we still feel inadequate about our size… I doubt that doing away with the swimsuit competition aspect of the Miss America pageant will make much of a difference on that, but one can hope!
My 80/20 Capsule (spring) experiment and the updates at One Month and Two Months seem to run in tandem with that same need for ease and simplicity that made Simple Style the number one post.
It is insane to go to Arizona in the middle of summer, but Wickenburg, Arizona is worth the trip any time of the year! I still do not understand how the first European descended settlers decided that the Arizona desert would be a good place to call home.
Sometimes my musings are only marginally style related, and this one must have touched a heart or two. Rereading it again after almost a year, Limitations still makes me emotional. And still dammit.
😍 congratulations on your 1st Blogging year! Excited to see more from you in the months and years to come!
Thanks! I'ts been an adventure!
Congrats Liz! It's been about a year since we met. You've accomplished a lot in one year!!
Thank you, Sarah! I can't believe we were out in LA just a year ago… I'd love to get together with you again!


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Uerige ist zugleich der Name des von der Düsseldorfer Uerige Obergärige Hausbrauerei GmbH gebrauten Altbiers und der zugehörigen Gaststätte "Zum Uerige" in der Düsseldorfer Altstadt, Berger Straße 1, Ecke Rheinstraße. Ein auffälliges Merkmal ist, dass bei schönem Wetter die Altbier trinkenden Gäste zeitweise dicht bis zur gegenüberliegenden Seite der Rheinstraße stehen und bedient werden.

Geschichte
Die heutige Gaststätte "Zum Uerige" mit eigenem Brauhaus hatte über die Jahrhunderte bei wechselnden Besitzern verschiedene Namen, wie "Berliner Hof" oder "Zum Bergischen Hof". Der heutige Name wird auf Wilhelm Cürten zurückgeführt, der 1862 die Hausbrauerei übernahm. Da dieser ständig schlechte Laune hatte, nannten ihn die Stammgäste im besten Düsseldorfer Platt "uerig", für "schlecht gelaunt".

Namen der verschiedenen Besitzer dieses Gebäudes sind bereits seit Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts überliefert, und zwar: 1632, 1663 und 1720 diverse Mitglieder der Familie Pfeilsticker und 1755 Bertram Kesseler. Bereits zu dieser Zeit bestand eine Gaststätte "Heidelberger Fass", dieser Name befindet sich noch heute auf einem Schild über dem Eingang. 1783 übernahm der Weinhändler Leonhard Juppen Gaststätte und Haus. Weitere Eigentümer waren 1790 Eheleute Gruben, 1800 Lambert Mertens und 1802 Johann Bender. Unter den Benders konnten Reisende bis mindestens 1819 in dem Gasthaus auch übernachten.

Die Witwe J. Bender modernisierte und erweiterte 1837/38 das Gebäude auf vier Stockwerke. Danach übernahmen, wie bereits angeführt, 1862 Wilhelm Cürten und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts Braumeister Jean Keller Haus und Gastwirtschaft. Nach der Zerstörung des Gebäudes im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde die Gasthofbrauerei wieder aufgebaut. 1951 hatte das Lokal den Namen "Neveean" und ab 1964 unter dem Besitzer Rudolf Arnold "Brauhaus". Allerdings blieb es unter diesem für zehn Jahre geschlossen, da Probleme zwischen Eigentümer und den städtischen Behörden wegen Garagenabstellplätzen bestanden. Die Grundstücke Rheinstraße 11 und 9 gehören seit dem Wiederaufbau nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zum Eckhaus, die Rheinstraße 7 wurde 1974 hinzu erworben.

Seit 1976 werden die Brauerei und die Gaststätte von der alten Düsseldorfer Brauerfamilie Schnitzler geführt, die weiterhin das traditionelle obergärige Altbier braut. In den 1950er Jahren wurde das Düsseldorfer Alt noch, unabhängig von der Brauerei, kaum jemals Alt, sondern "Düssel" genannt. Ein hiesiger Brauer beanspruchte jedoch erfolgreich die Bezeichnung Düssel allein für seine Produkte. Die Rechte liegen heute bei der Großbrauerei Radeberger, die den Namen jedoch nicht mehr verwendet.

Inzwischen ist aus der kleinen Brauerei von Wilhelm Cürten ein moderner Betrieb geworden, der noch immer am ursprünglichen Standort mit moderner Technik braut, abfüllt, lagert und verkauft. Für den Ausbau der Brauerei mit zusätzlichem Platzbedarf wurden ehemalige Nachbarhäuser auf der Rheinstraße übernommen und integriert. "Zum Uerige" gilt als eine der ältesten Gaststätten Düsseldorfs.

Bis mindestens in die 1980er Jahre herrschte bei den Kellnern der Düsseldorfer Altstadt-Bierlokale, rheinisch Köbesse genannt, noch ein recht rauer Umgangston mit den Gästen, insbesondere den auswärtigen Besuchern war die darin verborgene Herzlichkeit nicht immer erkenntlich. 1968 heißt es in einem Lokalführer: "Das Altbier kostet 40 Pfennig. Der Köbes kassiert 5 Pfennig für die Bedienung. Der Gast kassiert einen Stoß ins Genick, wenn er dauernd im Weg steht. Wenn Sie per Zufall dort einen Platz finden, dann kommen Sie in den nächsten fünf Stunden nicht mehr aus dem Staunen und aus dem Uerigen heraus." So sehr viel scheint sich jedoch nicht geändert zu haben, denn auch 2011 zählt ein Besuch noch zu den Dingen, die man in Düsseldorf erlebt haben muss, wenn man anstelle eines Altbiers im Uerige eine Bestellung für eine Cola, am besten Light, aufgibt: "Wer das Abenteuer nicht so liebt, der nimmt zum Uerige-Besuch am besten jemanden mit, der sich dann eine Cola bestellt. Da kann man sich dann zurücklehnen und schauen, wie der andere das Abenteuer übersteht".

Es war früher üblich, dem Köbes ein Glas Bier zu spendieren, das der auf dem Tisch des einladenden Gastes stehen ließ und im Vorbeikommen dort nachprüfbar austrank. Im Laufe des Abends nahm die "Herzlichkeit" der Köbesse entsprechend dem Bierkonsum zu. Schadenfrohe Heiterkeit bei den Gästen und zufälligen Passanten erweckte, oft zu vorgerückter Stunde, der Anstich des kleinen, auf der Theke aufgestellten Altbierfasses, wenn der Köbes den Zapfhahn nicht schnell genug eingeschlagen bekam und der Gerstensaft in hohem Bogen gegen den Akteur und durch das zur Rheinstraße hin geöffnete Schankzimmer schoss. Erschreckend war auch, wenn der Köbes das volle Holzfass unter lautem Krachen hochkant, also über die Fassböden hinweg, mitten durch die meist dicht gedrängt stehenden Gäste rollte.

Das im Uerige hergestellte Altbier ist im städtischen Vergleich eher hell (Altbier ist im Allgemeinen dunkler) und im Geschmack sehr würzig und herb. Es wird in eigenen Brauereilokalen an der sogenannten Schwemme, dem rheinischen Ausschank, in diversen Gastronomien wie auch in Ladengeschäften angeboten. Das Uerige ist eine der wenigen verbliebenen unabhängigen Brauereien Düsseldorfs. Der Jahresausstoß betrug 2006 20.000 Hektoliter.

Gedenktafel

Die im Jahr 2000 vom Bildhauer und Pankok-Meisterschüler Ulrich Grenzheuser (* 1934) gestaltete Gedenktafel für Willy Millowitsch im Uerige weist darauf hin, dass dessen Vater Peter Wilhelm Millowitsch am 24. Januar 1880 im Stammhaus des Uerige Bieres geboren wurde. Die Mutter Käthe, geborene Planck, stammte aus Wien. Die Wurzeln des Kölner Volksschauspielers Willy Millowitsch führen somit nach Düsseldorf und Wien.

An der Fassade des Brauhauses an der Rheinstraße befinden seit 1953 Kupfer-Reliefs des Bildhauers Walter Schmieg (1905–1982) die vier Elemente darstellend: "Erde gibt den Hopfen" (1) "Feuer brennt den Tropfen" (2) "Mit Wasser mach es nie wie hier" (3) "Bei Luft schmeckt Uerige Bier" (4). Schmieg fertigte um 1960 auch die Wetterfahne mit der Turmfigur des fröhlichen Wirtes, der den Passanten zuprostet. Über den Glasfenstern des Backsteingebäudes befinden sich als Keilsteine die Büsten des ehemaligen Eigentümers Rudolf Arnold und seiner Frau Hilde, dazwischen eine Kartusche mit den Initialen des Braumeisters, sie nennt die Jahreszahl 1937.

Brauhaus
Die Gaststätte im Uerige-Brauhaus in der Berger Straße besteht aus mehreren Räumen. Darunter einem aus der Gaststätte einsehbaren Sudhaus mit großen kupfernen Würzepfannen, die allerdings heutzutage nur noch als Verkleidung der modernen Edelstahl-Kessel dienen. Durch den Zukauf benachbarter Häuser, in denen sich früher die Lokale "en de Wichsdos" und "Tante Olga" befanden, wurde mit einem Neubau mit zwei hochwassersicheren Kellergeschossen Platz für Gärbecken, eine Filteranlage für das junge Bier, Fließbänder fürs Reinigen und zum Abfüllen der Fässer geschaffen. Im Erdgeschoss befindet sich dort eine Anlage zum Füllen der Flaschen.

Seit einigen Jahren sind nicht nur längs des Lokals auf der zum Rhein führenden Straße Stehtische aufgestellt, sondern auch auf der erhöhten, gegenüberliegenden Straßenseite, zusammen mit Biergartenbänken. Da der Köbes auch auf dem dazwischenliegenden Fahrdamm serviert, ist bei Hochbetrieb selbst für Passanten oft kaum ein Durchkommen.

Neben dem Stammhaus gab es drei "Uerige Treffs": in Düsseldorf in der Carsch-Haus-Passage, in der Altstadt von Mülheim an der Ruhr (seit 2020 geschlossen) und in Oberhausen, das als einziges noch besteht.

Produkte
 Uerige: obergäriges Altbier, bernsteinfarben, sehr malzig-süß, aber gleichzeitig eines der Biere (nach Brauereiangaben: das Bier) mit den deutschlandweit höchsten Hopfenbitterwerten. Alkoholgehalt 4,7 % Vol.
 Hosen Hell, die Biermarke der Düsseldorfer Punkrockband Die Toten Hosen.
 Uerige nicht filtriert: im Gegensatz zur auch offen ausgeschenkten Hausmarke wird dieses ohne Filtration abgefüllt und ist nur als Flaschenbier erhältlich.
 Ueriges Weizen: ein helles Hefeweizen mit einem Alkoholgehalt von 4,7 % Vol. Ist nicht mehr erhältlich.
 Uerige Sticke: eine stärkere Variante des Altbiers mit einem Alkoholgehalt von 6 % Vol., die nur zweimal im Jahr – jeweils am 3. Dienstag im Januar und Oktober – in begrenzten Mengen hergestellt wird.
 Uerige Doppelsticke: ein nochmals stärker eingebrautes Alt, das ursprünglich speziell für den Export in die USA hergestellt wurde. Alkoholgehalt 8,5 % Vol.
 Uerige Stickum: Ein 42-prozentiger Brand aus dem Starkbier Uerige Sticke oder Uerige Doppelsticke. Dieser wird aber aus Tradition nicht im Stammhaus verkauft. Ein Schild im Innenhof erklärt: "Schnapsgenuss ist hier untersagt – er stört ihre Gesundheit und mein Geschäft. Der Wirt."
 Uerige Stickum plus: Ein 45-prozentiger Brand aus dem Starkbier Uerige Sticke oder Uerige Doppelsticke, der ein Jahr in Eichenfässern gelagert wird.
 Uerige original Holunder Fassbrause, eine gebraute Holunderlimonade (erstmals 2011).
 Uerige Baas: Ein drei Jahre gelagerter Single-Malt-Whiskey mit 42,5 % Vol.
 Uerige Doppelsticke edition 1862: Eine ein halbes Jahr gebraute und ein Jahr in Whiskeyfässer gelagerte Edition zum 150-jährigen Jubiläum (Dezember 2012), Auflage 150 Flaschen. Alkoholgehalt 12,4 % Vol.
 Uerige original Rhabarber Fassbrause, eine gebraute Rhabarberlimonade
 Uerige alkoholfrei (seit Ende 2021)

Markenstrategie
Die Marke Uerige gilt als typisch für Düsseldorf. Sie wird lediglich und ganz gezielt regional vermarktet und beworben.

Regulär erhältlich sind die Produkte folglich auch nur in der Hausbrauerei sowie wenigen Gaststätten und Getränkemärkten im Großraum Düsseldorf. Im restlichen Deutschland gibt es sie nur in einigen auf Bier spezialisierten Getränkehandlungen in Ballungsräumen, ein aktiver expansiver Vertrieb außerhalb der Heimatregion erfolgt herstellerseitig nicht.

Offizieller Werbeslogan der Marke ist "dat leckere Dröppke" (das leckere Tröpfchen).

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website der Brauerei

Einzelnachweise

Brauerei (Düsseldorf)
Biermarke (Deutschland)
Altstadt (Düsseldorf)
Gastronomiebetrieb (Düsseldorf)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Access the superclass of a Django Model Given a Django Model
class Sub(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    size_in_inches = models.IntegerField(default=6)

class TunaSub(Sub):
    fish_ingredient = models.CharField(max_length=10, default="Tuna")

class MeatballSub(Sub):
    meat_ingredient = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="Meatball with Cheese")

I would like to access the attribute of the superclass for, say a __str__ method (in Python 3.x). How can I do so? Is this the correct solution?
class TunaSub(Sub):
    fish_ingredient = models.CharField(max_length=10, default="Tuna")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.super().name

class MeatballSub(Sub):
    meat_ingredient = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="Meatball with Cheese")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.super().name

A: Since you extend Sub, name is also a field of both TunaSub and MeatballSub. So you can simply use
def __str__(self):
    return self.name

As a side note, since you are extending a concrete model, you are in fact creating three separate tables in the database (named sub, tuna_sub, and meatball_sub) which are connected via one-to-one relations. If you only want to reuse the field definitions in sub and not actually create a table for it, use an abstract base model class.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As England became more Puritan, so education was taken more seriously. By the time of Shakespeare's death England had some four hundred and fifty grammar schools for a population of just over three million people. Most of the schools were small, and taught probably no more than one-fifth of boys, and none of the girls, of an appropriate age. "Is there anything more precious, friendly and loveable than a pious, disciplined, obedient and teachable child?"2 wrote a sanctimonious mid-sixteenth century reformer imposing his own theological expectations on human nature. To the Puritans a youngster was essentially pliant, a soul to be moulded, and hopefully to be saved for Eternity.
Roger Ascham's plea for more 'gentleness' in the way teachers approached their students was needed not only across Europe, but also across the Atlantic where the early English colonists in Massachusetts were proud to have established the Boston Latin School in 16363. Teachers, by nature of their knowledge base in classical literature, philosophy and drama, were quick to assume that mental agility followed from physical intimidation. Many of them were bullies. Readers of Horace remembered that the famous Latin poet called his teacher "Whacker" Orbillius, and in the male-only world of a grammar school centuries ago, as in boys only boarding schools of far more recent years, there was an overt recognition that the ancient Greeks honoured homosexuality, and an excessive 'whacking' environment could be fuelled by, or indeed fuel, sado-masochistic practices4.
Elizabeth's death highlights obvious the chasm between Catholic and Protestant factions. King James so elevated the concept of monarchy as to embrace the divine right of kings, and his son, Charles I (a closet Catholic), took such a belief to an extreme confrontation with the ever more puritanical, eventually republican, House of Commons. The English Civil War5 ended with the execution of the king on a cold January morning in 1649, by which time some half a million people (ten percent of the population) had died ─ either directly on the battlefield, of wounds received, or from plague or starvation4. Oliver Cromwell6, the farmer from Huntingdon, the man who created Parliament's New Model Army and fervent puritan, became Lord Protector. To help him deal with foreign affairs Cromwell appointed John Milton, perhaps England's finest poet, to be his 'Secretary for Foreign Tongues', or Foreign Secretary7. They were a strangely matched pair. Like Cromwell, Milton was a Puritan and a zealot, but he was also an intellectual. He was driven by the need to refute the idea of monarchy by providing a puritan doctrine of government and public order.
In his famous essay "Of Education"8 Milton observed that both the grammar schools and the universities had become too elite and ungrounded in daily realities. His solution was radical: "Though (a man) should pride himself to have all the tongues that Babel cleft the world into, yet if he have not studied solid things in them as well as words and lexicons he would nothing so much to be esteemed a learned man as any yeoman or tradesman"9. This was a direct challenge to Ascham, and the classical curriculum of the grammar schools. It also expressed well the Puritan conviction that faith without good works was valueless. Doing should follow from Thinking.
Milton proposed the setting up Academies of some one hundred and fifty young men between the ages of twelve and twenty-one in most of the market towns of England. He then turned to the Czech philosopher, Jan Amos Comenius10, whose book on education "The Great Didactic" had so impressed him when it was published in 1638, and quoted in this, and the next, Theses statements. Comenius urged Milton that learning should honour all forms of personal experience and stressed that much valid learning arises from practical experience. If education proceeds from the general to the particular, going from what is easy to what is more difficult, and if the intellect is forced to nothing to which the natural bent does not incline it, and if the use of everything taught be constantly kept in mind, then the process of education would be easy, stated Comenius. So Milton went on to conclude that every academy should call upon, as needs required, the tutorial services of 'hunters, fowlers, fishermen, shepherds, gardeners, architects, engineers, mariners, and anatomists' as well as mathematicians and classical scholars. This would give students a "real teacher of natural knowledge that they shall never forget"11.
"I call therefore a complete and generous education is that which fits a man to perform justly, skilfully, and magnanimously, all the offices both private and public of peace and war"12. With such high-flowing prose, Milton felt compelled to redesign education to fit an emerging puritanical and entrepreneurial nation known subsequently as the Protestant Work Ethic.


Late at night in the mid 1990s, I dialed into the World Wide Web for the first time.
I didn't know it then, but that pixelated and drag ridden video revealed one of the Internet's greatest gifts—immortality. Here, in the backlit glow, we can live forever.
With each round of Webby awards, the constraints of the Internet are challenged and acknowledged. We are in awe of our human endeavors. We circumnavigate the world from our rectangular screens. Just this morning, I saw photographs of Antarctica, I read my favorite New York Times article from 2010 about Eddie Feibusch and his zipper business, I watched Nicole Kidman's monologue from the 1999 film, Eyes Wide Shut.
But amid all of this progress, the website for the movie Space Jam has never been updated or decommissioned. Michael Jordan is still teaming up with the Looney Toons to take prevent an alien invasion. I can still download a limited edition Space Jam cursor. We are trapped in a timeless time. The past continues alongside the present and future. Nothing is a limited edition. Nothing ends.
In my newest obsession, Gimlet's podcast, Reply All, Alex Goldman and PJ Vogt dig deep into a story about the Internet. Their episodes run the gambit of subject matter, which more than anything else is a testament to the diversity and evolution of the net. With each episode, something that is so familiar, something I use everyday and am using right now (and so are you), is made mysterious. It is like that first time again, waiting for the dial-up tone to open like a door.
Isn't this the same mystery I experience when the sunlight falls on my floor in an unusual pattern, when an iridescent beetle crosses my path, when the clouds clear and the moon hangs heavy and low and orange? It's a joy of discovery. Of feeling, for a moment, like the only person alive. Of pushing to the next best thing and knowing your footsteps will trail behind you.
Our cyber fingerprints are on everything, but it is the sense of wonder and discovery that is the gift. It is fleeting. It is mysterious.


Bringing a dog into your home with children can have so many positive results. Having a pet can teach your children responsibility, independence, and compassion to animals. Along with all these things, there are also some risks when you bring a new furry friend into a home, especially your children. Here are some tips to keep your kids safe and responsible with their new pet!
Dogs naturally have packs and need leaders. Every member of your family needs to demonstrate authority in order to make sure no one gets picked on.
Never leave your young child unsupervised with your pup. It seems like it may be overprotective, but accidents can always happen, even if your pet is extremely well behaved.
When you're around other people's dogs, teach your children to always ask if they can pet or play with the dog. If they are allowed to touch another dog, teach them to place their hand out for the dog to sniff before petting the dog.
Having a dog can be a wonderful learning experience for your children, along with giving them a best friend, as long as you're safe. Follow these tips and use your best judgment!


text:
El vinago waalia (Treron waalia) es una especie de ave en la familia Columbidae, es propia de África y el oeste del Medio Oriente.

Es una especie de ave frugívora que se especialiaza en alimentarse de una única especie de higo, Ficus platphylla.

Distribución y hábitat
Se la encuentra en Benín, Burkina Faso, Camerún, República Centroafricana, Chad, República Democrática del Congo, Costa de Marfil, Yibuti, Eritrea, Etiopía, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenia, Mali, Mauritania, Níger, Nigeria, Omán, Arabia Saudita, Senegal, Somalía, Sudán, Togo, Uganda, y Yemen.

Referencias

waalia
Aves de África
Animales descritos en 1793


The firm of Profit Financial Services is ready and able to ascertain the financial health of your small or medium sized business, and work towards your future financial vision by helping you increase sales revenue and decrease overall operating costs. Our bookkeeping services experts can help you reduce the time you currently spend on the arduous day-to-day tasks associated with running your business in Burlington, Ontario, which can otherwise be spent on the serving your customers and expanding your company. Should you require additional information on the bookkeeping services that Profit Financial Services provides small and medium sized companies in Burlington, Ontario and surrounding regions, please look through our website and contact us today.


text:
Ravel: Concerto in G
Ravel: Concerto in G Vanessa Benelli Mosell
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Label: Universal Music Italia Srl
Subgenre: Instrumental
Artist: Vanessa Benelli Mosell
Composer: Maurice Ravel (1875–1937)
Album including Album cover
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Maurice Ravel (1875 - 1937): Pavane pour une infante défunte:
1Pavane pour une infante défunte06:14
Piano Concerto in G Major, M. 83:
2Piano Concerto in G Major, M. 83: 1. Allegramente08:28
3Piano Concerto in G Major, M. 83: 2. Adagio assai08:59
4Piano Concerto in G Major, M. 83: 3. Presto03:51
Sonatine, M. 40:
5Sonatine, M. 40: 1. Modéré04:41
6Sonatine, M. 40: 2. Mouvement de menuet03:37
7Sonatine, M. 40: 3. Animé03:38
Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68:
8Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68: 1. Prélude03:11
9Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68: 2. Fugue04:06
10Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68: 3. Forlane05:53
11Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68: 4. Rigaudon03:07
12Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68: 5. Menuet05:24
13Le Tombeau de Couperin, M. 68: 6. Toccata03:55
Total Runtime01:05:04
Info for Ravel: Concerto in G
Following the success of her first two albums, which established Vanessa Benelli Mosell as a successful classical artist (pupil of Stockhausen and devotee to the development of classical music), her third album with Decca focusses on mainstream repertoire.
"impressively refined and nuanced...stylish Bravura" (Gramophone Magazine)
Vanessa Benelli Mosell, piano
Vanessa Benelli Mosell
Label: Universal Music Italia srL.
Debussy: Préludes Book II, Children's Corner, L'Isle Joyeuse
is a rising star on the international music scene, much praised for her virtuosity and technical brilliance, and for the sensitivity of her musical insight which she brings to her piano playing and now also to her conducting and directing from the keyboard. Vanessa is acclaimed for her passion, in equal measure, for the great classics and her championing of the newest composers. She has received praise for her recordings of Stockhausen and for her debut concerto cd for DECCA Classics of Rachmaninov's Piano Concerto No.2 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra.
Recent highlights include her debuts at the Teatro alla Scala Milan and Teatro Regio Turin at the MiTo Festival; tours to China; Stockhausen Marathons; her debut at Amsterdam's Muziekgebouw aan 't IJ; a portrait concert at the National Concert Hall, Dublin for RTÉ with concerti by Rachmaninov and George Benjamin, as well as her much praised conducting debut with the Divertimento Ensemble in Milan.
This season includes Vanessa's debuts with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra; at the Seoul Arts Centre, South Korea; a tour of Iran; her concerto debut in the USA, and her debut at the Royal Festival Hall, Southbank Centre and a return to the Southbank in their Stockhausen Festival. She also performs in festivals across Europe, including debuts at the Holland Festival, Al Bustan Festival in Beirut, and at the Festival Présences in Paris where she will also return in 2020 to open the Festival with George Benjamin's concerto conducted by the composer.
Vanessa Benelli Mosell began her studies at seven years old at the International Piano Academy in Imola studying with Franco Scala. She gave her debut at eleven years old with Pascal Rogé, who described her as "the most natural musical talent I have encountered in my entire life". In 2007 she travelled to the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory to study with Mikhail Voskresensky, and then studying with Dmitri Alexeev at the Royal College of Music in London, graduating in 2012, supported by the Russell Gander Award.
Following Vanessa's own private recording of Karlheinz Stockhausen's Klavierstücke I-IV when she was 17, she was invited by the composer to study under him, as he believed that she "has the power to let people appreciate my music". Vanessa worked closely with Stockhausen who remains an important influence on her music making, encouraging her passion for contemporary music and her championing of composers of today as well as the great classics. Since becoming a key figure in the music of Stockhausen Benelli Mosell has had collaborations with many leading contemporary composers including George Benjamin, Hugues Dufourt, Stefano Gervasoni, Martin Matalon and Marco Stroppa among others.
She has worked with the Moscow Soloists, Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg, Münchner Symphoniker, Berliner Symphoniker, Zurich Chamber Orchestra, Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra and Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna. She has played at the Berliner Philharmonie, Hamburg's Laeiszhalle, Philharmonie de Paris, Madrid's Auditorio Nacional and the Palau de la Musica Barcelona, UNESCO Auditorium, Zurich Tonhalle, and at venues across the Americas, Spain, China, Israel, Turkey and Russia. She has played at London's King's Place and gave her Wigmore Hall debut in 2012.
Vanessa's debut recording, 'Introducing Vanessa Benelli Mosell, Virtuoso Piano Music', was released in 2011 and featured music by Prokofiev, Haydn, Scriabin and Liszt. It received great international praise for her "extraordinary artistic talent" and "sparkling technique in demanding music" (Gramophone Magazine) and was quickly followed by her equally acclaimed "Liszt Recital". Vanessa made her DECCA Classics debut album in 2015 with "[R]Evolution", a juxtaposition of Stockhausen and Stravinsky. Vanessa has now released 5 cds for DECCA, most recently a disc of Debussy's Preludes and Suite Bergamasque. Her next disc, of Ravel, with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, will be released in 2019.
Vanessa was awarded the Elba Festival Prize by Yuri Bashmet, and the first Festival Pietrasanta Award as an outstanding young talent. She has been supported by the Keyboard Charitable Trust and in 2016 was appointed as a Steinway Artist.
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text:
Q: Gauss Law for Magnetism,Non Instantaneous Field Propagation
Is the magnetic force instantaneous? And, are all field lines established simultaneously? Otherwise, for example, the field line marked 'L' will take longer time to propagate than the ones above it, so there will be a net outward flux in the time when L is out and not yet in into the surface.What happens to Gauss Law then?
Are all the field lines established simultaneously, like 'L',that stretches out so far, and the straight one? If not, then the force between the magnets must increase with time.

A: The magnetic force propagates at the speed of light. If a magnetic dipole were suddenly created the magnetic field lines would be established simultaneously but not in their equilibrium positions. Instead the field lines would bend and oscillate in a similar manar as in an oscillating magnetic dipole. Since magnetic field lines are always loops, even when they are bent they will return so the magnetic flux through any closed surface will be zero as is required by Gauss's law for magnetism. Or in other words, even if the magnetic field lines are bent or slowed, they never start anywhere. There is no divergence of magnetic field lines since there are no magnetic monopoles. Gauss's law is alive and well.


Sometimes, we feel like we have more control over the past than the future.
Weird, no? Because its already happened.
But the past is somewhat maliable... its all about perception.
"No, I didn't really mean it that way."
"But you never saw the other thing that happened right before that..."
In a culture of stories--our own recollections of the past versus hardcoded truth, sweeping over tracks in the sand seems so easy. Memories are so tenuous and open to interpretation, that we seem to spend more of our time trying to change the past or imagine what would happen if we did (because we know exactly what we things we need to change to make our lives better) than we actually spend trying to change our future. And yet, the fact of the matter is that the future is unwritten--completely wide open--and the past can't changed.


text:
« Let Freedom Grow! for 04/08/07
Let Freedom Grow! for 04/15/07 »
So It Goes, Or, Kurt Is Up In Heaven Now
2007.04.12 by ElfNinosMom
Iconoclastic novelist, essayist and humanist Kurt Vonnegut Jr has died, at the age of 84. While Vonnegut would be best described as a libertarian socialist (putting him in a category with such groups as the ACLU and Food Not Bombs), he was the writer whose work most strongly influenced my left libertarian beliefs. The loss of his wry wit and great intellect is a loss to us all.
For anyone not familiar with Vonnegut, he was without question one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. Penning such classics as Slaughterhouse Five and Breakfast of Champions, Vonnegut mixed science fiction, sarcasm, black humor, and keen insight to force us to confront the commonality of mankind. His "bad guys" were never people, but governments and situations. His characters were each "a victim of a series of accidents, as are we all."
Vonnegut spoke out against war, despite his belief that WWII was necessary. In Slaughterhouse Five, named after the underground meat-packing cellar in which he was held as a POW during the bombing of Dresden, he confronted a truth that most would like to overlook when he wrote, "You know we've had to imagine the war here, and we have imagined that it was being fought by aging men like ourselves. We had forgotten that wars were fought by babies. When I saw those freshly shaved faces, it was a shock. 'My God, my God—' I said to myself. 'It's the Children's Crusade.'" His Slaughterhouse Five catchphrase "So it goes", an ironic reference to death, was adopted by protesters during Vietnam.
His later essays made Vonnegut an even more controversial figure, which many didn't think possible considering that some of his early novels had been banned. He spoke out strongly against Bush and the war in Iraq, much to the consternation of many given that he was a Purple Heart recipient, and he was eventually accused of harming the morale of soldiers with his sharp criticisms. He wrote in response, "By saying that our leaders are power-drunk chimpanzees, am I in danger of wrecking the morale of our soldiers fighting and dying in the Middle East? Their morale, like so many bodies, is already shot to pieces. They are being treated, as I never was, like toys a rich kid got for Christmas in December."
However, my favorite Vonnegut quote on politics will always be, "There is a tragic flaw in our precious Constitution, and I don't know what can be done to fix it. This is it: Only nut cases want to be president."
Vonnegut also wrote about death, and mused openly about its effect on the living. In Breakfast of Champions, he had a conversation with himself about his mother's death by suicide on Mother's Day 1944. "'This is a very bad book you're writing,' I said to myself. "I know,' I said. 'You're afraid you'll kill yourself the way your mother did,' I said. 'I know,' I said."
He also mused through his novels that perhaps no one ever really dies. "The most important thing I learned on Tralfamadore was that when a person dies he only appears to die. He is still very much alive in the past, so it is very silly for people to cry at his funeral. All moments, past, present and future, always have existed, always will exist. The Tralfamadorians can look at all the different moments just that way we can look at a stretch of the Rocky Mountains, for instance. They can see how permanent all the moments are, and they can look at any moment that interests them. It is just an illusion we have here on Earth that one moment follows another one, like beads on a string, and that once a moment is gone it is gone forever."
So, what can be said to memorialize the passing of a brilliant man whose writing has had a profound impact on more than one generation? Vonnegut provided that answer for us.
"We had a memorial service for Isaac [Asimov] a few years back, and I spoke and said at one point, 'Isaac is up in heaven now.' It was the funniest thing I could have said to an audience of humanists. I rolled them in the aisles. It was several minutes before order could be restored. And if I should ever die, God forbid, I hope you will say, 'Kurt is up in heaven now.' That's my favorite joke."
Goodnight, Kilgore Trout. You will be missed.
Posted in celebrities, censorship, libertarian socialism, obituaries, Uncategorized, war | 7 Comments
on 2007.04.12 at 14.34.42 Darcy Richardson
Though in his later years he claimed to be a man without a country, Kurt Vonnegut was an American original. His satirical style and wry commentary transcended several generations of readers. My young nephew considers him the greatest novelist of our time and I have a brother, in his early fifties, who re-reads all of Vonnegut's books every year.
Thank you, ElfNinos Mom, for this moving and fitting tribute to a brilliant American, one whose country never failed to disappoint him, especially during these past six years.
on 2007.04.12 at 14.52.11 matt
If he actually is in heaven, the joke gains a dimension he would never hav imagined.
In any case, he certainly was an amazing writer and a ballsy fellow.
on 2007.04.12 at 15.34.11 TitaniumGirl
Beautiful tribute, I'm embarrassed to admit that I have never read his work. But after reading your write up I will have to do so.
on 2007.04.13 at 05.07.04 M.H. Wilson
Yes it is a nice tribute.
And he was wonderful.
on 2007.04.13 at 16.44.09 GreginOz
Ahhhhh, Kurt. My fave quote is this: "Why don't you take a flying fuck at a rolling donut…why don't you take a flying fuck at the moon!"
on 2007.04.17 at 15.19.15 Tom Gellhaus
I was surprised to see no mention of Vonnegut's most libertarian short story on most of the websites who praised him . "Harrison Bergeron" – what happens when the state makes everyone TRULY equal. BY FORCE.
on 2007.04.20 at 02.56.15 Stuart Richards
He was a brilliant man, who influenced a lot of writers. Chuck Palahniuk was heavily influenced by Slaughterhouse Five, for starters.
You'll be missed.