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Why the world should take note of the Swiss apprenticeship model
Are 14-year-olds ready to make a career choice?
Starting young: a bicycle mechanic apprentice goes about his work Christian Beutler / Keystone
Students make big decisions about their professional futures at a young age in Switzerland. Too early, or just right? Opinions are increasingly divided.
This content was published on April 16, 2019 - 11:00 April 16, 2019 - 11:00
Isobel Leybold-Johnson
Isobel trained as a journalist in Great Britain and speaks all three Swiss national languages. She reports on education for swissinfo.ch.
More from this author | English Department
Other languages: 9 (en original)
Deutsch (de) Sind 14-Jährige alt genug für die Berufswahl?
Español (es) ¿Preparados para elegir profesión a los 14 años?
Português (pt) Crianças de 15 anos são capazes de já escolherem a carreira a seguir?
中文 (zh) 职业选择-14岁孩子是否已做好准备?
عربي (ar) هل اليافعون الذين يبلغون من العمر 14 عامًا مهيّؤون لاختيار وظيفة المستقبل؟
Français (fr) À 14 ans, un jeune est-il prêt à faire un choix de carrière?
Pусский (ru) Готовы ли 14-летние швейцарцы к выбору профессии?
日本語 (ja) スイス人は14歳で職業を選択 早すぎる?
Italiano (it) Decidere cosa fare da grandi a 14 anni
Swiss adolescents are around 15 or 16 years old when they leave school, but they have to start planning a career path at least two years before that. The final decision comes at age 14, and it can be a difficult process.
Around 20% of students will choose a baccalaureate track (called gymnasium in German, or gymnase in French) which opens the door to university study. At least two-thirds will opt for an apprenticeship in one of more than 250 professions, under Switzerland's "dual-track" system, which sees them combine vocational school with on-the-job, paid, training.
Several young people told swissinfo.ch that it was difficult to have a clear idea of what you want to do age 14:
Choosing a profession when you're only 14
This content was published on Apr 16, 2019 Apr 16, 2019 Swiss teenagers describe how they made their career choices at the tender age of 14. (Julie Hunt, swissinfo.ch)
Russians expatriates in Switzerland said they were used to changing professions more frequently due to economic instability. This is why they tended to prefer flexibility for their children in making career choices, one such parent told swissinfo.ch.
In the United States and United Kingdom, there is more emphasis on going to university and making your career choice then, said parents from those countries. Apprenticeships may be considered less of an option, as they are less well-known at home.
Some Swiss also feel the decision is premature. Nidwalden,External link a small canton in central Switzerland, recently proposed that some of its primary pupils start school a year later (the cut-off date for starting is currently aged six by June 30). Older school leavers would, the canton saidExternal link, be able to "make a more mature decision about their careers".
Nidwalden's proposal
In canton Nidwalden, children must have turned six by the end of June to start primary school the following school year. In January, the canton said it wanted to move that date forward to February. This would mean that around a third of children would go to school a year later than they do now, and by default finish a year later.
The canton feltExternal link that there were increasing numbers of young people who were "not mature enough for a decision about their further training or starting an apprenticeship" at the end of their schooling. Being older would be better, it argued.
If accepted, the proposal would come into force in 2020 at the earliest.
The Federation of Swiss Teachers, representing German-speaking Switzerland, is against the moveExternal link, as it goes against efforts to harmonise the country's 26 cantonal education systems.
Always a challenge
Jürg SchweriExternal link, a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute for Federal Education and TrainingExternal link, points out that choosing a career is always a challenge, whether at age 15 or 25. "We know from research that young people have an idea about what's going on in the labour market, but that they also feel a lot of uncertainty about what to do," he said.
Young people aged 14 to 15 are also finding their identities, making it more difficult to decide.
In the end, there are two options, each with its own trade-off, says Schweri. Pupils can stay on at school and delay their career decision, but not experience life outside. Or they can take key decisions early on, learn about the world outside and have the option of changing course later on, which is possible under the Swiss system.
"Apprentices mature earlier than those who only go to school because they have a lot of new experiences and interactions and that helps them to decide about their future career," Schweri notes.
Parent pressure
"Very often parents have very exact ideas about what their children should do," says Daniel Reumiller, head of career counselling in Canton BernExternal link, which supports schools in helping students make career choices.
They may pressure their children to attend academic baccalaureate schools. Zurich has just held its famously rigorousExternal link entry exam for its long-cycle baccalaureate school, which starts at age 12. In some parts of the city, especially those with large numbers of professionals and expats, around half a school class might sit the test, one parent said.
The number of young people going to this type of schoolExternal link has increased in Switzerland over the past two decades: from around 86,000 in 2000/1 to almost 110,000 in 2017/8.
+ Half of Swiss to have higher education degrees by 2037
"We try, especially at the ages of 14 or 15, to open children's minds to show that there are more than 250 professions to choose from, so not just what their parents, peers or even their older brother told them," says Reumiller, who is also president of the Swiss Conference of Career Guidance ServicesExternal link. Normally parents are invited to the sessions as well, so counsellors can see the family context and ensure good communication.
Gender stereotypes are often an issue as many students don't like to stand out by choosing what are considered gender-atypical jobs, he said.
+ What boys and girls in Switzerland want to do when they grow up
Permeable system
Reumiller concludes that in general, making a career decision at a younger age works in Switzerland because of the country's unique education system.
"It's early, but I don't think it's too early. If you ask young people [about their decision] when they have finished their education, most of them say it was a good choice."
He points out that those struggling with the decision can benefit from so-called "bridging solutions" – taking an extra year at school or a year abroad to learn languages, for example.
In addition, the qualification earned after an apprenticeship is well recognised on the labour market, Schweri says.
Overall, the Swiss system is permeable,External link giving young people a path from apprenticeship to university if they choose to further their studies. Schweri points out that fear of early career decision-making can often be attributed to the fear of having chosen an apprenticeship but wanting to study at university later on.
It's a little harder to jump sideways, said Reumiller, such as from one type of apprenticeship to another. He suggests the horizontal permeability between professions "could be augmented" in Switzerland but expects it to become easier in the future thanks to initiatives currently underway.
The Swiss are early school leavers
Swiss pupils are generally finished with compulsory schooling earlier than in other countries. Age 15 is given as the official age on OECD statisticsExternal link, compared with 16 in Germany and the UK, for example. In Belgium it's 18. In Greece, Slovenia and Korea, on the other hand, compulsory school finishes at 14.
Is 14 too young to make a career choice, in your view? How does it work in your country? Let us know in the comments and we'll use a selection in a follow-up story.
Half of Swiss to have higher education degrees by 2037
This content was published on Feb 6, 2019 Feb 6, 2019 The Swiss population's education level will rise even further over the next 20 years. The reason: demand from employers.
Advanced professional training reaps financial rewards
This content was published on Jan 15, 2019 Jan 15, 2019 More than half of those with a vocational training background benefited financially from opting for advanced professional education.
Swiss employees want more vocational training
This content was published on Oct 12, 2018 Oct 12, 2018 Nearly half of employees surveyed for the fourth Good Work Barometer said their employer did not do enough to encourage continued training.
OECD: upward educational mobility 'possible in Switzerland'
This content was published on Sep 11, 2018 Sep 11, 2018 People from disadvantaged groups advance in education better than in many other countries, says the OECD. But there is still room for improvement.
Apprenticeships and their social status – your views
This content was published on Jul 25, 2018 Jul 25, 2018 We asked readers whether apprenticeships were considered a good option in their home countries. Some were positive, others said "not always".
Swiss education system tested by immigration and digitalisation
This content was published on Jun 19, 2018 Jun 19, 2018 Swiss schools ensure that migrant children don't fall behind their peers, according to an annual education report.


WINK are becoming regulars on Channel 7's The Morning Show that we are beginning to think we need our own segment!
Check out Stephanie, Lyndl, Jade & Kayla alongside Donny Galella, looking their best here!
Check out the latest shoot of WINK's Chantal, looking smokin' hot thanks to these guys!
Take a look at WINK featuring in the latest Giovene TVC!
Take a look to see what the CEO of Loud, Lorraine Jokovic, has to say on the #DiverseTalentMatters topic!


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History Firsthand - Prohibition (hardcover edition)
A new phenomenon, the crusading socially conscious photographer added to the impact. Heroin was just another drug, something they could try, and could stop using whenever they became bored with it. Carrie Chapman Catt and the National American Woman Suffrage Association were a mainstream lobbying force of millions at every level of government. Teaching the 20th-Century History of the United States. So uncommon has scurvy become, that comparatively few surgeons in the navy, at the present time, have ever seen a case of it, while the whaling crews, which it formerly desolated, are, thanks to the superior food which they now receive, almost exempt from it.
Publisher: Greenhaven Press; 1 edition (October 14, 2002)
Longknives: The U.S. Cavalry and Other Mounted Forces, 1845-1942 (G.I. Series)
American History Stories, Volume III (Yesterday's Classics)
McDougal Littell Middle School American History: Test Practice and Review Workbook Grades 6-8 Beginnings to 1914
The Transcontinental Railroad (In American History)
There were nineteen different licensing bodies at this time and ten prominent medical universities in the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century Colonialism and the Revolutionary Period: Beginnings - 1800 (Backgrounds to American Literature). Most cities have affordable or free testing and treatment centers for STIs, though hours may be limited and waits may be long. Planned Parenthood clinics are often an affordable alternative. The lifelong repercussions of HIV or other STIs aren't covered by many insurance policies Civil War Cartoon Set #4 1863 Vicksburg Campaign to Gettsburgh Campaign: 1863 Vicksburg Campaign to Gettsburgh Campaign. John's, Annapolis), a University of Wisconsin chancellor, and ultimately, in 1867, the first U. In part due to his advocacy work, nearly 30 cities employed school superintendents during his tenure as U. He persuaded Rhode Island officials to begin a state system of public schools. He championed his ideas for educational reform at all levels as the publisher and editor of the American Journal of Education (1855-1881) and other trade periodicals, paving the way for educational administration to be recognized as a field in its own right The Pony Express (A Timestop Book). Onorato, "Exciting the Efforts of the Artists": Art Instruction at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts," in Mark Hain et al., Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 18052005: 200 Years of Excellence (Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 2005), p. 56; and Annette Blaugrund, "Introduction and Acknowledgments," in David Dearinger and Isabelle Dervaux, Challenging Tradition: Women of the Academy, 18262003 (New York: National Academy of Design, 2003), pp. 910. 7 Two Miserable Presidents: The Amazing, Terrible, and Totally True Story of the Civil War. Some diseases�such as tuberculosis, thought to be nearly wiped out because of antibiotics�developed resistance to drugs most commonly used to treat it. Cases of tuberculosis increased during the 1980s, and decreased only after 1991, when the government started taking aggressive steps to halt the increase Native Americans Of The West (American Albums from the Collections of the Library of Congress). Philadelphia, Boston, New Orleans, and Charleston had large populations, as well, in the range of hundreds of thousands of people 1863: The Crucial Year (American Albums from the Collections of the Library of Congress). As in the days of the early Christian church, they transformed service to ministry. Modern theologian Elisabeth Moltmann-Wendel, describing the women of the New Testament, says: "In [the Gospel of] Mark, to serve is not a humiliating activity but a mutual giving and taking, a self-surrender and mutual acceptance, and exchange of love, tenderness, help and comfort." [29] This description could apply to the deaconess nurse of modern times as well download History Firsthand - Prohibition (hardcover edition) pdf.
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United States History: Student Edition Beginnings to 1914 2007
From Slavery to Freedom with Harriet Tubman (My American Journey)
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The Early National Period (Eyewitness History (Hardcover))
Conquest Of The West (American Albums from the Collections of the Library of Congress)
Age of Reform and Industrialization 1896-1920 (American History by Era)
Opposing Viewpoints in World History - The American Civil War (hardcover edition)
Jesse James (Legends of the Wild West)
The War of 1812 (Chronicle of America's Wars)
Chester Arthur (Presidents & Their Times)
Exploring North America, 1800-1900 (Discovery and Exploration)
Sound the Charge: The U.S. Cavalry in the American West, 1866-1916 (G.I. Series)
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White Teacher Calls Students a Bunch of Broke 'N—rs' Who Will Get Shot
Alberto LuperonNov 17th, 2016, 6:49 pm
In Baltimore, Maryland, a teacher is out of a job after using the N-word on her students. It started when the woman was caught on tape grabbing and lashing at out at one kid at Harlem Park Elementary/Middle School. As seen on video, she kicks him out of class, but after all that, she keeps screaming at the rest, apparently disappointed with their general performance, calling them "idiots." Then she drops the bomb.
"You are going to be a bunch of broke-ass n—-rs who get shot," she said.
Here's video, obtained by journalist Shaun King:
Guess how that turned out. Here's the statement from Baltimore City Schools, obtained by WBFF:
At Baltimore City Public Schools, we are committed to creating positive and equitable learning environments in school communities where all members are welcome, supported, and valued. No form of discriminatory behavior of any kind is or will be tolerated.
The teacher no longer works with the school district. We've reached out to the Harlem Park principal for more information, and will update when we hear back.
[Screengrab via cell phone footage]
Baltimore City Schoolsraceteacher
Trump Pardons Steve Bannon, Jared Kushner's Friend, Former GOP Congressmen, Lil Wayne and Many More
Judge Throws Out Bank Robber's Conviction Because Prosecutor Used Photo of Jack Nicholson in Closing Arguments
Elura NanosJan 20th, 2021, 12:11 pm


As cover obsessed and I tend to be, one day earlier this year a friend of mine pointed out a rather baffling cover trend that I had never noticed before. At first, I didn't quite want to believe it, but as a (different) friend once told me, "You can't poke out your mind's eye." Because once it was pointed out to me, I saw this trend EVERYWHERE. And then I began collecting the evidence, and there was no denying it.
It appears that (most) every book with a lesbian protagonist or featuring a lesbian relationship must have a cover depicting hand-holding, near hand-holding, or just hands reaching for the sky (okay, actually, I really love the cover of Ask the Passengers). The point? LESBIAN HANDS. It's totally a thing.
Empress of the World by Sara Ryan features some intense hand-holding. Epic arguments have been waged over which hand belongs to Nic and which hand belongs to Battle. No, I am not kidding.
Astrid is always reaching for the sky in Ask the Passengers by A.S. King.
Are Sahar and Nasrin reaching for each other or being torn apart in If You Could Be Mine by Sara Farizan? THE ANGST!
Annie on My Mind by Nancy Garden is all about Annie and Liza clutching each other's hands and/or admiring their rings, no matter which decade their cover is in.
Okay, so these Julie Anne Peters books have arms on the covers, but you know what arms are connected to, right? HANDS.
37 Things I Love (in no particular order) by Kekla Magoon wins the prize for most perfect scene-to-book-cover recreation. Also, are they coming together or floating away from each other?!?! Will they get to hold hands?!?!
My Best Friend, Maybe...but we definitely know how to dress alike and hold hands like nobody's business (which it ain't).
Now, I'm not saying there is anything inherently wrong with these covers, or hand-holding. Or near hand-holding. Or hands in general.
BUT...if David Levithan can write a book called Two Boys Kissing and then get that book published with a cover of TWO BOYS KISSING, then can the lesbian YA books at least graduate from hand-holding to soulful staring, smoldering looks, or awkward almost-kissing?
Covers with straight couples that always look like lesbians until I look closer.
Holy wow, it IS a thing. I'm gobsmacked.
And I thought I was crazy when I noticed both Annie covers and compared them to the Farizan and Ryan books. But you found even more! This is insane.


I love when MotorWeek tests an exotic car, because they do it the same way as an economy car. Here they criticize the HVAC and stereo locations. John Davis, I love you.
We know that the ergonomics of a Ferrari are worse than making a one-armed baby use chopsticks. And that's ok. What we care about it how it drives. And it sounds like John Davis and crew think the 512 TR drives splendidly.
They call it a sports car. That's a very accurate statement that I don't disagree with at all. That Flat 12 (FLAT 12!!!!!!!) sounds amazing. It's still very much a car I want to own sooner than later.


WHY JOIN THE CMIT SOUTH PARENT TEACHER ORGANIZATION (PTO)?
•	We coordinate a number of fundraisers that provide various educational and extra-curriculum programs, activities and incentives for our children.
•	By becoming an ACTIVE member you can help coordinate these events and make a difference.
•	ACTIVE members participate in meetings to determine committee leadership, vote on various projects/request, and decide how to best provide resources for the students and teachers.
•	Fundraising: At meetings, members bring up things the school needs help buying from art supplies to computers – as a member, we decide how to raise funds and how to distribute funds.
•	Volunteering and attending various events and meetings are a great way to meet other parents and stay informed.
•	Teacher Appreciation: The PTO takes charge of showing that the teachers are valued through various ways during Teacher Appreciation Week as well as at other specified times throughout the school year.
•	Participate in YOUR CHILD'S EDUCATION and Improve CMIT South for All Students!!
•	When you are involved in the PTO, YOUR CHILD BENEFITS THE MOST!
•	Be up to date on what's going on at CMIT SOUTH.
•	Your child spends the majority of his/her day at CMIT SOUTH. Help make it a better place to learn and to live!


Sebastien Buemi hopes his Renault e.dams team can find "something abnormal" to explain the energy management issues he encountered during last weekend's inaugural Formula E race in Rome.
Buemi ran sixth in the early stages of the race before rising to third when he followed the same pitstop strategy as eventual race winner Sam Bird.
But the 2015/16 FE champion had faded to sixth by the finish as he struggled with the energy levels in his second car.
"I felt that the car was handling well and I was only five seconds behind Bird after the first stint," Buemi said.
"But we consumed too much energy and we have to find out what didn't work.
"We haven't yet analysed the data, but I hope that we're going to find something abnormal to explain why."
Renault team boss Jean-Paul Driot explained that Buemi's battles in the pack throughout the race had hampered his energy management, and the team felt an underlying issue had made the problem worse.
"We had the same strategy as Bird but because Buemi was obliged to attack a lot with Oliver Turvey and defend with the others [early on] he consumed quite a lot more than previously planned so we couldn't do one more lap [in the first stint]," Driot told Autosport.
"And on top of that Bird was OK until the end but we had consumed quite a lot and after [the car swap] we were obliged to fight, [while] Bird was always on clear track - so it was easier.
"This is why we had some problem and we were also lacking energy - we don't understand why, so we are analysing the data.
"In Punta del Este it was working well. Here, the energy on the second car, there might be a problem because it's not normal.
"Even under the full course yellow [Mitch] Evans was coming back - so there is something wrong somewhere.
"I think we have to take it back, not from scratch, but we have to put everybody back into the right way, [to find] the right direction to be back at the top."
Driot added that had Buemi started higher up the order than his fifth place grid slot the team might have adopted a different strategy that could have left its driver more power to use later in the race.
"Buemi made a slight mistake during the superpole, but I'm glad that he was fighting for the superpole," he said.
"I don't think he would have gone over [Felix] Rosenqvist who was really quick.
"But we should have been on the front row and the race, if we had been up front, we might have changed our strategy and do one more lap like we do sometimes.
"So we would have been nearly OK on the percentage of energy remaining."


There are four distinct varieties of Swiss Hound, each bearing the name of a Swiss canton: Bernese, Jura, Lucerne, and Schwyz.
Swiss Hounds are lively, enthusiastic hunters that are always gentle, docile, and very attached to their owners. They are medium-sized dogs with good conformation, bringing out their vigor and stamina. The long muzzle and clean head with long ears give it an air of nobility.
These small game hounds hunt hares, roes, foxes, and sometimes wild boars. They work independently, giving tongue, exhibiting great skill even on hilly terrain.


A generative audio stream of magnetic radiation from Solder & Sons (a local caf� + bookstore) will run from January 14, 12 am to January 20, 12 am.
The caf� will be "visited" by an Extremely Low Frequency receiver that uses an antenna made from a bicycle wheel rim.
Visit http://absolutevalueofnoise.ca for more information.
Art is 1,000 049 years old!
Video Pool Media Arts Centre invites you to celebrate Art's Birthday  2012 on Tuesday January 17 6pm to Midnight local time.
Join us @ aceartinc.  2nd floor 290 McDermot Ave. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Entrance by donation.
ANDREW CORTNAGE (AKA SMOKI TIGRE), DJ HUNNICUT, KEN GREGORY, SCOTT FITZPATRICK, WFG, and more!
we have a theater performance "Institute" directed by Aleksandra Kardalevska, Poetic performance "Pesnilo"
An audio-visual performance by Andrea Felli, Roberto Paci Dal�, and Leonardo Sonnoli hosted by FAR Fabbrica Arte Rimini.
Within the EVERYDAYJOHNCAGE project: one year, every day, John Cage in Rimini. January 1 - December 31, 2012.
Kardomah - 17th, evening event in Swansea's renowned cafe in association with Mission Gallery, Swansea: Read through out load in groups cafe scene scripts deposited on tables.
Performances - Friday 13th, three lunchtime performances at Glynn Vivian gallery's offsite site at the YMCA: Matt Hulse/Hedsor/?.
Seven steps to prepare the Party. 16 January 2011!
How to Organize a Birthday Party. The Day Before. Preparations Only!
Okno decided this year to have all preparations ready, and then to go to a different place to party.
and show, explain, tell what you want to give to Art the next day when its birthday is all around (the world).
January 17, 6 pm to January 17, 9 pm from The Brno House of Art.
Artistic action: guests perform with a crystal ball, are photographed and receive a signed print. Results will be exhibited on our web site.
deLupa, the makers of ROT'OX, show their own Fluxus related objects and assemblages.
A Temporary Project Radio for Contemporary Arts. More informations and link to a stream:  http://www.radiocona.si/.
24 Hours of Radio Art will broadcast, Tuesday, January 17, 8 am to 8 am on CiTR 101.9 FM in Vancouver.
That's Midnight to Midnight local time (PST).
Listen online at http://www.citr.ca and find our schedule for this special day.
January 14, 7 pm - 8 am (midnight PST) celebrate Martin Luther King's birthday with a 13 hour marathon film and video program.
on the occasion of Art�s 1,000,049th birthday. Music, art, free cake and performances of all kinds.
January 14, 3 pm to January 14, 5 pm - Rob Cruickshank creates a Carrot slide whistle and performs with it at the Farmer's Market.
January 15, 5 pm to January 15, 10 pm - Family fun and sound art with performances by MiMo, Rob Cruickshank, Build your own music instruments with Tilly Kooyman and more.
January 18, 2 am to January 18, 4 am - Live re-mix at NAISA Webcast http://www.naisa.ca/webcast/ of NAISA's January 15th activities with otherArt's Birthday broadcasts from around the world.
17th January in Lisbon we celebrate art's b'day party with a cake and a streaming performance in Lisbon. We will be also getting feeds from Amsterdam and Hong-Kong.
The event will take place in an office/HQ/rehearsal space of a theater company, near the river, near bars, and loads of people, and trains and boats.
Music Guests Include: Andy Boay,Leyla Majeri and Katherine Kline, LWA, Emilie Mouchous, Fleshtone Aura, Flandrew Fleisenberg, Id_M_Theft Able, Andrea-Jane Cornell.
Featuring performances by local artists Decomposing Pianos, Happiness Is.., Neven Lochhead/Liam Cole, Andy Love, K.L. Sealegs, Lisa Aalders and David Woodward.
The event at the Artel is free and all are welcome. Help us wish Art a happy 1,000,049th Birthday!
zine making, psychics, and more! And of course, what's a birthday without CAKE! For detailed event listings, go to www.emmedia.ca.
by Kari Yli-Annala & members & friends of Nomadic Academy http://nomadinenakatemia.blogspot.com.
Place: Katajanokka, near Kanavaterminaali in Helsinki, Finland.
if you play some music instrument bring it with you. Don�t forget your paper hat!
Everybody is invited to join our radio party at Radio Blau.
Outlandish acoustic birthday presents - songs, sounds, felicitations, anecdotes - for the art are welcome!
The program is developed spontaneousely live on the spot.
8pm: presentation of "cityWATER", Institute of Contemporary Art, Nicole Pruckermayr and her students.


text:
Elizabeth Keith
Available works by: Elizabeth Keith Scottish (1887 - 1956)
Elizabeth Keith was a Scottish printmaker and watercolorist. Her work consists of prints depicting Asian life and culture, a fascination she acquired when she traveled to Tokyo at the age of 28. She would continue her travels throughout Asia, visiting China, Korea, and the Philippines, gathering more subjects for her artwork. Born in Scotland, Ireland in 1887, Keith was a self-taught artist. She learned the methods of traditional Japanese woodblock printing, emulating the work of Katsushika Hokusai, Ando Hiroshige, and Kitagawa Utamaro. Keith's work gained popularity not only in Japan, but also in London and New York. Landscapes, people in traditional and common dress, and cultural rituals were central to her imagery. She died in 1956 in the United States.
Elizabeth Keith English (1887 - 1956)
A Country Scholar
Medium: Etching and aquatint
Size: 15 x 11 1/2 inches (image) 17 3/4 x 12 5/8 inches (sheet)
From the Land of the Morning Calm (1921)
Medium: Color woodblock
Edition : of 50
Signature: Stamped signature
References: Miles cat #71
Size: 13 x 9 1/4 inches (image) 13 7/8 x 10 inches (sheet)
Marriage Procession, Seoul (1921)
Size: 10 1/4 x 15 inches (block) 10 7/8 x 16 1/8 inches (sheet)
Stock Number: 5162c
A Temple Kitchen. Diamond Mountains. North Korea
Size: 13 5/8 x 10 1/2 inches (block) 14 5/8 x 11 1/4 inches (sheet)


text:
Q: Show that $R(\partial_i,\partial_j)h_{kp}=0$. In picture below, I am not sure why $R(\partial_i,\partial_j)h_{kp}=0$.
I think it is because we can consider $h_{kp}$ as a function. Am I right ?
The picture below is from 57th page of this paper.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hulu+ Live TV leverages Disney alliance, jacks up cost
Credit: Hulu
Hulu+ Live TV announced a big pricing increase from $44.99 to $54.99 per month on Friday. The subscriber fee bump will take effect on December 18.
This comes on the heels of a bundle deal featuring Disney+, Hulu and ESPN+ for a reasonable $12.99 per month. That package is just basic Hulu, not its live TV element, but the strong streamer is using its Mouse House alliance as leverage.
It's not as sinister as it sounds.
Product versatility = freedom of choice
For those already loyal to Hulu+ Live TV, customers know the service is nearly second to none. It offers all the major broadcast networks, and still offers monthly flexibility.
In the news release Hulu posted on Friday, it summarized its genius business model, which is ultimately consumer-friendly:
Price changes are never easy to stomach, and we know that many people don't watch live television year-round, so we've made it easy for Hulu subscribers to switch back and forth between our plans to best suit their needs. If you love college football, choose Hulu + Live TV during the season, then switch to one of Hulu's less expensive on-demand plans when it's over. If you enjoy most of your TV on demand but really want to watch live election news, just switch to Hulu + Live TV for a few months.
Those who want access to Hulu's exclusive original series and impressive catalog of movies can do that. Then, for specialized events, people can subscribe for a month at a time to the Live TV side.
Generally speaking, people like options. I don't mean the sensory overload or indecision that occurs from searching thousands of movies and deciding what to watch. No, this is a uniquely versatile offering from Hulu.
Everyone wins in this situation. Yes, it may cost a little extra, but at least it's not like Hulu+ Live TV is roping people in longer than they want to be. It's essentially a pay-as-you-go plan, as opposed to being locked into a cable contract. Some of those can be really binding and downright nasty to cancel.
Disney going hard in the "Streaming Wars"
Hulu+ Live TV is firmly among the best cord-cutting streaming services for sports fans. But now casual sports fans who are used to going to ESPN only can get exclusive content on ESPN+ in the aforementioned bundle.
Disney assumed full control of Hulu in an acquisitions deal with Comcast. This isn't a coincidence that the Hulu Live TV package suddenly spiked its costs just after the Disney+ streaming service launch.
It's a coordinated effort by Disney to essentially have its cake and eat it, too. Hulu's basic package will welcome all kinds of new subscribers thanks to its bundle affiliation with Disney+. It's a convenience thing.
When Hulu went under the Disney umbrella, you'd be forgiven for thinking, "What a sellout!" Well, it seems like Hulu is going to reach heights previously unfathomable with Disney's aid.


text:
Q: Só é possível enviar dados do formulario para email de servidor? Sou iniciante em php, aprendendo em casa sozinho.
Eu estava vendo um vídeo de como enviar dados de formulário para um e-mail, tipo aqueles campos "fale conosco" que tem em alguns sites.
E vi que em vários videos, as pessoas enviavam estes dados para um e-mail de servidor.
É possível enviar estes dados para meu e-mail "outlook", ou "g-mail"?
E-mail's deste tipo.


Wondering if you have a rare and valuable 1999 Georgia quarter error?
Millions of people like the 50 State Quarters. But what many diehard coin collectors love is finding rare error quarters that were mis-struck, contain odd die varieties, or have other unusual markings!
The 1999 Georgia state quarter is commonly sought by those who are trying to find rare and valuable error coins.
So, what 1999 Georgia state quarter errors are known to exist?
There is presently one major Georgia quarter error involving some pieces struck on experimental metal intended for the Sacagawea dollar. I'll talk more about that in a minute.
As for significant doubled dies and the like, there are no known major errors.
There are several minor (and more common) errors and varieties of the Georgia state quarter.
If you want a really rare and valuable Georgia quarter error, then you'll want to land an off-metal quarter error struck on an experimental planchet (coin blank).
All of the 1999 state quarters (Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Georgia, and New Jersey) have been found struck on so-called experimental planchets that were intended for the Sacagawea golden dollar.
Think you may have one of these rare off-metal error quarters?
Show it to a reputable coin dealer or get it certified by a third-party coin grading company.
Georgia quarters struck on experimental planchets have sold for as much as $10,000!
Some coin collectors have identified minor doubled dies on certain Georgia quarters, with some doubling in the peach or in a few of the letters.
These are so far all very minor errors that generally require magnification to see — making them less desirable than major errors such as the 1955 doubled die penny, which has significant doubling that can be seen with the naked eye.
Some error coin enthusiasts may be willing to buy these doubled die Georgia quarter errors for $3 to $10 apiece.
Die chips and die cuds occur when pieces of the die break away from the die, which strikes designs on blank coins.
A die cud is a specific type of die chip that is attached to the rim.
A die chip is a little raised blobs elsewhere on the face of the coin.
Coins with die chips and die cuds are valued based on the size and location of the error — with higher values for pieces with larger chips or a chip in a more prominent location.
A 1999 Georgia quarter with a die chip or cud can be worth anywhere from $2 or $3 to more than $50!
Similar to die chips, die breaks and die cracks tend to form on aging dies and get larger as the die suffers more and more wear.
However, unlike die chips (which normally take the form of blobs or dots), a die break appears like a straight or jagged line across some of the coin.
Die breaks often form between design elements, lettering, or sometimes connect from the rim to another part of the coin — perhaps even the opposite rim!
Like other coin errors, the value of a 1999 Georgia quarter with a die break depends on the size and location of the die break.
That said, the rarity of and demand for certain die breaks also play a role in determining their value. If a certain scarce die break becomes popular with collectors, then its value will increase dramatically.
Georgia quarters with die breaks are worth $3 to $5 and up.
The value of an off-center Georgia quarter varies, depending on the magnitude of the error.
For example, a 1999 Georgia quarter that is missing only a sliver of its rim is rather common and doesn't really have any additional value.
But if you find a Georgia quarter that is missing parts of the lettering by the rim (or even more of the design), you're talking serious dough for a rare error coin like that… perhaps as much as $100 or more for a Georgia quarter that is missing 25% to 50% of the design!
What's The Value Of A 1999 Georgia Quarter Without Errors?
If you've found a Georgia quarter in your pocket change and you don't notice any errors on it, then you're probably wondering if it's worth more than face value.
Unfortunately, worn copper-nickel clad Georgia quarters without errors or other oddities are worth only 25 cents. This is true whether you've got a 1999-P Georgia quarter struck at the Philadelphia Mint or a 1999-D Georgia quarter from the Denver Mint.
However, uncirculated 1999-P and 1999-D Georgia quarters (those never used as money) are worth 50 cents and up.
A copper-nickel 1999-S Georgia quarter is worth $1.50 to $3.
A 90% silver 1999-S Georgia quarter has a value of $4 or more.
Additionally, really well preserved 1999 Georgia quarters with seemingly perfect surfaces (no nicks, scratches, dings, etc.) are worth much more. Some of these supreme uncirculated and proof Georgia quarters are worth $20 or more!
How Many 1999 Georgia Quarters Were Made?
Georgia quarters are common — very common. Nearly 1 billion were made!
As you can see, Georgia quarters aren't really rare coins. But if you find one with an error… that's a different story!
Want to know more about these cool 50 State Quarters honoring "The Peach State"?
John Flanagan designed the portrait of George Washington as seen on the obverse (heads side) of the quarter in 1932. William Cousins modified the design in 1999 to accommodate the new features of the 50 State Quarters.
T. James Ferrell created the design on the reverse (tails side) of the Georgia quarter.
Georgia was the fourth state to join the Union, ratifying the U.S. Constitution on January 2, 1788.
The Georgia state song, "Georgia On My Mind," was written in 1930 Hoagy Carmichael and Stuart Gorrell. Georgia native Ray Charles helped popularized the song with his 1960 album "Genius Hits the Road." The hit was adopted as the Georgia state song in 1979.


This reference table is provided for your use, so that you may further understand many of the features and benefits provided by CommWorld Northwest and Toshiba Phone Systems.
ACD (Automatic Call Distributor) - a system that handles incoming call traffic, sending calls to the first available station within predefined groups. If all stations are busy then a recorded message is played and the call is put in queue until a station becomes available.
Analog - a transmission method using continuous electrical signals, varying in amplitude or frequency in response to changes of sound, light, position, etc. impressed on a transducer in the sending unit. The opposite of analog is DIGITAL.
Asynchronous - A transmission method in which information is transferred one discrete character at a time and is delineated by a start and stop indicator at the beginning and end of the character. The opposite of asynchronous is SYNCHRONOUS transmission.
ATM (Asynchronous transfer mode) - Not the money machine! This is an international CCITT standard for high-speed [broadband] packet-switched networks that operates at digital transmission speeds above 1.544 Mbps. This communications protocol specifies how diverse kinds of traffic are transformed into standardized packets which can be managed uniformly within the network.
Attendant - an operator of a PBX console or telephone switchboard.
Bandwidth - The relative range of frequencies that can be passed without distortion by a transmission medium. Greater bandwidths mean a higher information carrying capacity of the transmission circuit. Bandwidth, usually measured in Hertz, is assessed as the number of bits that can be transferred per second.
B channel - Message-bearing 64 Kbps digital channel specified in the ISDN standards. B channels are used for digital transmission of high speed data and video.
Bell Atlantic - One of seven regional bell operation companies (RBOC's) that assumed ownership of the Bell operating companies following AT&T's breakup.
Bell System - Prior to Jan. 1, 1984, an aggregate term for AT&T encompassing 24 Bell operating companies providing local exchange phone service, the AT&T Long Lines Division providing long distance connections, an equipment manufacturing arm known as Western Electric, and a research and development arm known as Bell Laboratories. The Bell System was broken up by the AT&T divestiture.
B-ISDN (Broadband integrated services digital network) - An evolving CCITT international standard for the second generation of integrated services digital networks. Broadband ISDN services will be carried on fiber-optic networks that employ packet switching in a standardized fashion to integrate voice, data, monochrome, and color facsimile images and one-way and two-way monochrome and color video for local and long distance transmission.
Bit - The smallest unit of digital information utilized by electronic or optical information processing, storage, or transmission systems. Bit is short for binary digit. Binary technology is based on the representation of data with 0's and 1's, whose combinations form a protocol medium for all data transmission.
Byte - The smallest unit of information that a computer system can locate within its data storage or memory. A byte consists of eight bits and represents an amount of information roughly equivalent to a single printed or typewritten character.
Call Forwarding - A feature permitting the user to program a phone to ring at an alternate location; call forwarding may be in effect at all times or just when a particular phone is busy or doesn't answer.
Call Hold - A feature allowing the user to put one caller on hold while other calls are made or answered.
Call Park - A feature allowing a call for a busy extension to be put into a hold-like state until someone at that extension or another extension becomes free to answer it. The call is brought out of "park" by dialing a special code.
Call Waiting - A feature that provides audible or visual indicators to let a single-line-phone user know that she has another call waiting for her.
Caller ID - A telephone company service allowing the subscriber to view the phone number and/or name of the calling party on a display device before answering the phone. Caller ID usually requires some kind of hardware phone interface to provide the displayed information.
Camp-on - In PBX and hybrid environments, a method of putting an incoming or outgoing call intended for a busy extension or line into a hold-like state where it remains until a line becomes available.
Card - A flat piece of rigid material bearing electronic components and the printed circuitry that interconnects them. Cards typically have one point where connections to other cards or components are made.
CCITT (Consultative Committee on International Telegraph and Telephone - the principle international standards-writing body for digital telecom networks (ISDN).
CO (Central Office) - A facility of a telecommunications common carrier where calls are switched. In local area exchanges, central offices switch calls within and between the 10,000-line exchange groups that can be addressed uniquely by the area code and first three digits of a phone number.
Closed System - A computer or communications system whose technical specifications are withheld from distributors, users and other third parties. Closed systems are available only from the manufacturer and its authorized dealers; cloning of closed systems is not tolerated. Buyers of a closed system are limited to the applications programs that the system manufacturer chooses to develop or support. Also known as a proprietary system.
Codec (Coder/Decoder) - a device that transforms analog input into a digitally coded output and transforms digital signals into analog output. They are most commonly found in videoconferencing systems because of videoconferencing's intensive ISDN usage.
Common Carrier - A government-regulated private company offering telecommunications services or communications facilities to the general public.
Conference Call - A telephone call among three or more parties. The sound quality of conference calls is typically degraded by a loss of sound over the telephone lines unless bridged and amplified before re-transmission.
Data Compression - Techniques to reduce the amount of computer memory space or transmission resources required to handle a given quantity of data usually achieved through the application of mathematic algorithms to the data transformation process.
dB - Abbreviation for decibel. The decibel is the standard unit of measure for expressing the amount of signal power gained or lost in the course of a transmission.
D Channel - The signaling and data transmission channel (specified in ISDN standards) used to transmit network control signals for setting up phone calls.
Dedicated Line - A communications circuit or channel provided for the exclusive use of a particular subscriber - also known as a private line.
DID (Direct Inward Dialing) - When a call is received over the DID circuit it is preceded by a packet of information containing the number that was dialed. The on premises phone system decodes this information and routes the call to the extension that has been programmed to coincide with the number dialed. The benefit to the consumer is a pooled access group for incoming calls so that dedicated lines are not required to provide numerous individual telephones with direct access availability.
Digital Switch - Equipment used to set up pathways between users for transmission of digital signals.
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency Signaling) - Most commonly associated with AT&T's Touch-Tone trade name.
Duplex - Simultaneous transmission in both directions, sometimes referred to as full duplex to differentiate it from half duplex, which is alternating transmission in each direction. Transmission in only one direction is called simplex transmission.
800 Service - A telecommunications service for businesses that allows calls to be made to a specific location at no charge to the calling party. Use of the "800" service access code denotes that calls are to be billed to the receiving party.
Encoder/Decoder - A device used to transform signals from an originating terminal into groups of digital pulses representing letters, numerals, or specific symbols, and transform incoming digital pulses into the form required by the receiving terminal.
Ethernet - A popular local area data communications network, originally developed by Xerox Corp., which accepts transmissions from computers and terminals.
Facilities - Transmission lines, switches and other physical components used to provide telephone service.
Fax - A method of transmitting graphics or text documents over a telecommunications facility. The image is scanned at the transmitter and reconstructed at the receiver to be duplicated on paper.
Fiber Optics - Technology based on thin filaments of glass or other transparent materials used as the medium for transmitting coded light pulses that represent data, image and sound. Fiber optic technology offers extremely high transmission speeds.
Full Duplex - A communications system or channel capable of simultaneous transmission in two directions. See Duplex.
Gateway - A network element interconnecting two otherwise incompatible networks, network nodes, subnetworks or devices.
Half Duplex - A communications channel allowing alternating transmission in two directions, but not in both directions simultaneously.
Hybrid - A combination of two or more technologies or a multiline business telephone system combining the manual line selection of a key system and the automatic line selection of a PBX system.
Interconnect - A company or vendor selling customer premises equipment, generally PBXs and other types of office telephone systems. An interconnect company is typically an independent distributor of products from more than one manufacturer.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) - Switched network providing end - to -end digital connectivity for simultaneous transmission of voice and/or data over multiple multiplexed communications channels and employing transmission and out-of-band signaling protocols that conform to internationally defined standards.
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) - A generic term for transaction systems allowing phone callers to use an ordinary tone-dialing telephone to interact with a computer through speech or dialed instructions. Each response by the caller triggers another recorded message until the transaction is completed.
Key Telephone System - A multiline telephone system offering a limited range of features; key systems are popular among smaller businesses as their main telephone system. They are also found in large businesses as a form of extension to their big primary phone system. Key systems are characterized by manual selection of outgoing lines, their small size, and relatively low price.
LAN (Local Area Network) - A transmission network encompassing a limited area, such as a single building or several buildings in close proximity; widely used to link personal computers so that they can share information and peripheral devices.
LED (Light-Emitting Diode) - A semiconductor light source that emits light in the optical frequency band or the infrared frequency band.
Local Loop - The communications channel, usually a physical line, between the subscriber's location and his local central office. Also known as the subscriber loop.
Loop Start - A method of demanding dial tone from the central office by completing an electrical pathway between the outbound and return conductors of a telephone line. Loop start is employed by single-line telephone instruments, for example.
Measured Service - Term generally associated with providing local telephone service on a usage-sensitive basis with calls priced on the basis of two or more of the following usage elements: distance, duration, frequency, and time of day. It is the opposite of flat rate pricing.
Message Rate - A form of usage-sensitive pricing for local telephone service where usage charges are figured by counting the calls and multiplying the number of calls made by the established per-call charge. An alternative to flat-rate and measured pricing.
Modem (Modulator-Demodulator ) - An electronic device that allows computers to communicate over standard telephone lines. It transforms digital signal into analog signal and transmits to another modem which then reconstructs the digital signal from the analog signal.
Multiplexing - An electronic or optical process that combines a large number of lower-speed transmission lines into one high-speed line by splitting the total available bandwidth of the high-speed line into narrower bands (frequency division), or by allotting a common channel to several different transmitting devices, one at a time in sequence (time division). Multiplexing devices are widely employed in networks to improve efficiency by concentrating traffic.
Mux - An abbreviated form of the word multiplexer.
Network - Any system designed to provide one or more access paths for communications between users at different geographic locations that may include designs for voice, data, facsimile images and/or video images.
Network Architecture - A set of design principles defining the protocol, functions and logical components of a network and how they should perform.
Network Interface - The physical point in a telephone subscriber's home or place of business where the telephone devices and/or inside wiring of the subscriber are connected to the transmission lines of the local telephone service provider.
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) - The manufacturer of equipment that is resold by another vendor who usually substitute their name for that of the manufacturer on the product.
Off-Hook - A telephone set in use - the handset is removed from its cradle, thus sending an electrical signal to the central office that a circuit needs to be opened.
Off-Line - The condition where a terminal or device capable of active connection with the facilities of a computer or communications network is in the disconnected or idle state.
1A2 - Widely-used type of electromechanical key system that were introduced by the Bell System in 1938 and reached their technological peak in the mid-1960's.
On-Hook - The normal state of the phone in which the handset rests in the cradle and the circuit to the central office conducts no electrical signal.
On-Line - The condition where a terminal or device capable of active connection with the facilities of a communications network or computer is in the active or connected state; a unit functioning under the continual control of a computer.
Open Standard - A computer or communications standard whose technical specifications are readily available to equipment manufacturers and other parties that want to incorporate the standard into their products or systems.
Open System - A computer or communications system whose technical specifications are readily available to distributors, users and other third parties that want to add value to the system by developing their own customized versions for use or resale. Open systems are widely cloned.
Operating System - A special program in the communications CPU or computer that controls the integration of operating devices and enables the running of specific applications software - which is software developed to perform specific jobs.
Packet - a group of binary digits switched as a whole - for instance, a file transfer over a packet switched network would require many steps. These steps are: 1) the data file would be broken down into smaller "packets" of information 2) each packet of information is assigned a code that enables it to be sent to the correct location and, once at that location, for the network to reassemble the packets of information into their original form.
Packet Switched Network - A digital data transmission network that uses packet switching technology.
Packet Switching - a digital data transmission method that divides messages and files into standard-size pieces - called packets - that are switched across networks individually and then reassembled at their destination.
Paging - A service designed to deliver numeric or alphanumeric messaging to a person whose location is uncertain - paging services make use of radio communications.
PBX (Private Branch Exchange) - A device, installed on the customer's premises, that enables switching of multiple incoming and outgoing lines between multiple internal phones. In addition, the typical PBX provides for the selection of outside lines per user defined criteria.
Port - An interface location on a computer or communications system that provides a point of access for peripheral equipment, such as printers, voice mail, C.O. Lines, etc.
POTS Lines (Plain Old Telephone Service Lines) - Basic telephone lines whose primary purpose is the transmission of human speech.
Private Line - A telephone line that is linked directly to a user and is used exclusively by that user.
Private Network - A network that is designed for use exclusively by a person or organization and usually does not have points of access from users external to the company.
Programming Language - A group of symbols that represent to the computer a set of statements or directions giving the computer or communications system detailed instructions about what operations it is to perform.
Proprietary System - See closed system.
Protocol - A format or set of rules and conventions that control the format and relative timing of message transmission between two points on a computer network.
Public Switched Network - A switching system that provides switching and transmission facilities to many customers.
Queue - A "holding room" for data or voice communications that are waiting to be processed by either the system or human intervention.
RBOC (Regional Bell Operating Corporation) - One of seven regional companies created by the AT&T divestiture to take over ownership and operation of the Bell companies within their region.
Real Time - A transmission or data processing operational mode in which the data is entered in an interactive (two-way communicating) session; an application where response to input is fast enough to affect later data input.
Remote Access - Sending and receiving data to and from a computer through communications links such as phone lines.
Remote Call Forwarding - Similar to call forwarding. Calls from a local telephone number can be forwarded to long distance number (in another city for example) without the caller be charged for long distance fees.
Serial Transmission - Sending pulses (information) one right after another. The opposite would be a parallel transmission.
SMDR (Station Message Detail Reporting) - Information recorded by a computer attached to the phone system, providing cost accounting information such as the number of calls, both local and long distance, made from an extension during a certain time period.
Speed Dial - A feature on PBX phones allowing users to dial programmed numbers by simply pressing one button (or entering a two or three digit code).
Station - Simply another word for telephone. For example, the telephone station may be one of many extensions on a PBX system.
Station Hunting - A feature allowing an incoming call to a busy phone to be routed to the next idle phone in a pre-determined group of phones.
Switched Line - A circuit which is routed through a circuit switched network.
Switching - Connecting the caller to the called party.
Synchronous Transmission - Transmissions of data at a fixed rate, eliminating the need for start and stop bits, because the receiver and transmitter work at the same rate.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - Multiple conversations are separated by dividing bandwidths into finite frequencies., where each call is assigned a transmission timeslot.
Telecommunications - Process of converting sounds and data into electrical impulses that can be transmitted (See Telephony).
Telecommuting - Using a communications link to perform work, rather than actually commuting to an office to do work.
Teleconference - A conference which links people by audio and/or video through telecommunications.
Telemarketing -Using the telephone as a primary means of initiating and making sales of products or services.
Telephony - The process of converting sounds into electrical impulses for transmission over a connecting medium such as wires, fiber optics or microwave.
Terminal - The point of connection between a telephone line and an operative device. Also, sometimes terminal refers to the operative device, such as a computer terminal.
Tie Line - A telephone line which is dedicated to connecting two points and which requires a minimum human intervention to achieve communication.
Token Ring -A method of controlling which of several work stations in a Local Area Network is transmitting at a particular time.
Toll Restriction - A method of controlling which employees, if any, have access to telephone lines for which a toll may be charged to the employer.
T-1 - A digital transmission link capable of handling 1.544 Mega bits per second.
Trunk - The line of communication between switching systems.
T-3 - 28 T-1 lines (See T-1).
Turnkey - A ready-to-go telephone system installed by the vendor, including both hardware and software.
Twin-Axial Cable - Two commonly insulated conductors, covered by a metallic shield and enclosed in a cable sheath.
Twisted Pair - Two copper wires twisted around each other. The twists vary in length and reduce induction.
Videoconferencing - Video teleconferencing (See teleconferencing).
Voice Digitization - Coverting analog signals (voice) into binary bits for storage and transmission.
Voice Response - A computer allowing users interaction via touchtone telephone. Users navaigate the system with the help of digitally read menus.
WAN (Wide Area Network) - A network that extends LANs to other LANs, typically over a wide geographical area using communications lines provided by a common-carrier.
Please, sign up for our FREE Telecommunications Mailing List. We'll keep you informed of the latest innovations and information regarding telecommunications systems. Our mailing list is secure and never shared. To join, simply enter your email address and click on the "subscribe" button.
For lightning fast telecommunications call CommWorld Northwest!
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Sunday Worship Service 10 a.m. Please Come and Join Us.
Welcome to Faith Free Church
Welcome to Faith Free Church Welcome to Faith Free Church Welcome to Faith Free Church
Matthew Miklasz studied theology through Trinity College of the Bible and was ordained with the Evangelical Free Church of America (EFCA) in 2003. He has served on their District Board of Ministerial Standing, and has spoken at retreats, seminars, and conferences. He is the author of the books, A Normal Guy, Joy for the Journey (co-authored with his wife) and "Living With Passion - A Minor Prophet's Major Message". He serves as a coach to other pastors through the Center of Excellence in Congregational Leadership.
Matt has been married to Cyndy for more than 27 years, and they have four children-Angela, Benjamin, David, and Emily.
Copyright © 2021 Faith Free Church - All Rights Reserved.


text:
Dům čp. 409 stojí na ulici Zauličí ve Štramberku v okrese Nový Jičín. Roubený dům byl postaven v roce 1835. Byl zapsán do Ústředního seznamu kulturních památek ČR před rokem 1988 a je součástí městské památkové rezervace.

Historie
Podle urbáře z roku 1558 bylo na náměstí postaveno původně 22 domů s dřevěným podloubím, kterým bylo přiznáno šenkovní právo, a sedm usedlých na předměstí. Uprostřed náměstí stál pivovar. V roce 1614 je uváděno 28 hospodářů, fara, kostel, škola a za hradbami 19 domů. Za panování jezuitů bylo v roce 1656 uváděno 53 domů. První zděný dům čp. 10 byl postaven na náměstí v roce 1799. V roce 1855 postihl Štramberk požár, při němž shořelo na 40 domů a dvě stodoly. V třicátých letech 19. století stálo nedaleko náměstí ještě dvanáct dřevěných domů.

Původní roubený dům čp. 409 byl postaven v roce 1835. V průběhu let byl několikrát opravován. V roce 1932 byla k roubené zadní části přistavěna zděná přístavba. V roce 2008 byla provedena celková rekonstrukce domu, při níž byla postavena nová roubená část, objekt byl mírně zvýšen a zastřešen novou střechou s vikýři. Objekt je součásti původní předměstské zástavby ve Štramberku.

Stavební podoba
Dům je přízemní roubená a částečně zděná stavba na obdélném půdorysu, je orientovaná zděnou jednoosou štítovou (východní) stranou do ulice. Stavba je postavena na kamenné omítané podezdívce, která vyrovnává vysokou svahovou nerovnost. V podezdívce a částečném zahloubení do svahu je valeně klenutý sklepní prostor přístupný z jižní strany. Východní část domu je zděná, na jižní straně dvouosá s hlavním vchodem, ke kterému vedou z ulice betonové schody. Vchod je zaklenut valeně stlačeným záklenkem. Boční pavlač je podél jižní zděné okapové strany. Štítové průčelí roubené části je dvouosé. Štíty jsou trojúhelníkové, nad roubenm průčelím svisle bedněný s podlomenicí v patě štítu, nad zděnou části je zděný štít s jedním kaslíkovým oknem. Střecha je sedlová s krytá pálenou střešní taškou, na jižní straně jsou tři vikýře s pultovou střechou. V interiéru (chodba, kuchyň a světnice) jsou dochovány trámové stropy, na středovém trámu je datace stavby rok 1835. V komoře zaklenuté pruskou plackou je chlebová pec.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 ŠMÍRA, Pavel, et al.I Štramberk: zastavený okamžik. Ostrava: Šmíra-Print, 2012. 408 s.

Související články
 Seznam kulturních památek ve Štramberku

409
Kulturní památky ve Štramberku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Good morning and Joyce and Merry XMAS. I love the tunes that you have so nicely laid out on your site. Is it possible that you could put one together for Seneca Square Dance (Waiting for the Federals)? It's one of my favorites. Keep up the good work.
I would love to! I can work on it right after Christmas. Merry Christmas to you, too.


Hello, my name is Manel and I have many concerns, especially in creative disciplines, because my dream has always been to be a professional musician. So, the idea of communication and how to do it attracts me. Communication is a challenge, and challenges make you grow.


The aim of the Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Initiative is to safeguard children from FGM, through community-based preventive work. This UK‐wide initiative was established by three independent charitable organisations. The first phase of the Initiative invested approximately £1 million in community-based organisations across the UK over a three year period (2010-2012). This is the summary of an independent evaluation, conducted by Options UK.


Xylitol is a sweet-tasting, natural sugar substitute. It naturally occurs in many fruits and vegetables such as plums, corn, and strawberries. Research has found that xylitol fights cavities, plaque, dry mouth, and bad breath. It neutralizes plaque acids and can remineralize tooth enamel. Xylitol can be used by diabetics and is even safe for premature babies. In addition to being a marvelous sweetener, it may be instrumental in preventing many types of infections. In Las Vegas, Nevada, xylitol has proven to be a successful weapon in the war against tooth decay. We believe in utilizing natural, safe materials and techniques at our office, and xylitol is a great example of a natural product that can help to improve your oral health and overall wellness.
Xylitol comes in many forms. Chewing gum is available in peppermint, spearmint, fruit, and cinnamon flavors. The chewing gum was found to be so effective in reducing cavities that it is used in the school system in Finland. Mints are available in lemon and peppermint flavors, and the granular sweetener looks just like sugar. Xylitol is also available in a nose spray. We welcome you to contact our friendly dentist, Dr. James M. Heltzel, today to learn more!


A true classic for meat connoisseurs and one of the most appreciated cuts around the world: the Striploin has been sourced in the Argentinian Pampa and selected for you by De La Valley. Also called New York Strip or Kansas City Strip, this 100% Natural Angus Certified Striploin Steak is a masterpiece known for its perfect balance between flavor and tenderness. Moreover, the generous marbling (intramuscular fat) of this cut ensures its juiciness and beefy flavor, making delicious and savory steaks.
Sliced from the Short Loin Primal, the Striploin starts off as a bone-in Striploin from which the Tenderloin has been removed. Actually, leaving the bone in the Striploin as well as the Tenderloin attached to it produces T-Bone and Porterhouse Steaks. The Striploin is made of three muscles: the Longissimus Dorsi (also call the Rib Eye muscle), the Multifidus Dorsi (top of the steak), and the Gluteus Medius (only in the two last Strip Steak).
The Striploin Steak is not only one of the tastiest but also one of the tenderest steaks in the world. In order to keep it juicy and flavorful, you need to cook your steak evenly.
Step 1: Take your steak of the fridge and let it sit for 20 to 30 minutes before you start cooking it.
Step 3: Coat the meat with olive oil and top with salt and pepper. Do it both sides.
Step 4: Once your pan is hot enough, put a touch of olive oil in and lay your Strip Steak away. You want to ear a crispy noise when laying the steak.
Step 5: Turn your steak every minute so it cooks evenly until it reaches the desired doneness.
Step 6: Take your steak off and let it rest for 3 to 5 minutes. Then ENJOY!


NICE BRICK HOME on a quiet street! Ready for your tenants to move in or perfect for the first time home buyer. Home has the perfect roommate plan with rooms on each level and separate kitchens with separate access to each level.
3530 Fairlane Dr has 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms located in Atlanta GA, Fulton County. This property is listed for sale at $105,000 and is currently active and accepting offers.


It seems to me that there are two approaches to creative projects, both equally valid, but each having its own risks.
In the first approach, a creative genius has the whole project already finished in their mind, and they just need to communicate it to the other people on the team. The first risk in this case is whether the so-called genius really is a genius; i.e., is their vision worth pursuing? But also, can they communicate it to the team? Too often, envisioning and communicating don't go hand-in-hand. Lastly, can the team members embrace the idea? Even if it's a great idea, and it's been communicated clearly, the team still needs to be able to work together effectively to bring it to fruition.
In the second approach, a creative person has an idea in rough form, and the team collaborates to finish it. In this case, the "genius" of the original idea is less important; there are certainly some ideas which weren't great initially but led to great things by collaboration with a great tream. But the main risk with this approach is whether the team is the right group of people, each with the right talents. If so, the genius of the person who initiates the idea is not so much in coming up with an idea as in their ability to recognize which team contributions do and don't belong in the finished product.
Over the years, I've realized I'm more the second kind of person. I enjoy working with other creative people and welcoming their input. I'm not afraid to change directions, even if the new direction isn't where I was initially headed.
But I've also met people who have the amazing gift of envisioning a finished project in all its details. Sometimes I wish I could be like that, but usually I'm just content to be the guy who needs the help of other people to find out whether my ideas are good.
I find it odd that "race" is mostly defined by the darkness of a person's skin. This seems like an arbitrary distinction, because there are so many other parameters of the human body, any one of which could be used to create categories.
– Cities divided into neighborhoods, each one having a particular color hair.
– People with a particular hair color would be more likely to be wealthy, educated, employed, and owning their own home.
– Certain professions would be mostly the same hair color.
– People would have insulting slang terms for people with different hair colors.
– People with different hair colors would listen to different kinds of music, have their own TV channels, and would be eligible for hair color specific scholarship programs.
– Some marriages that are currently interracial would no longer be, and vice versa.
– You could be in danger for having the wrong hair color in a particular place or situation. You might even lose your life for it.


text:
require "rails_helper"

describe PostsHelper do
  let(:user) { create(:user, username: "foo") }
  let(:profile_link) { helper.profile_link(user, nil, class: :poster) }

  let(:smile_image) do
    '<img alt="smile" class="emoji" ' \
      'src="/images/emoji/unicode/1f604.png" ' \
      'style="vertical-align:middle" ' \
      'width="16" height="16" />'
  end

  describe "#emojify" do
    subject { helper.emojify(input) }

    context "when emoji is defined" do
      let(:input) { ":smile:" }
      it { is_expected.to match(smile_image) }
    end

    context "when emoji isn't defined" do
      let(:input) { ":foobar:" }
      it { is_expected.to eq(":foobar:") }
    end
  end

  describe "#format_post" do
    let(:input) { "/me :smile:" }
    subject { helper.format_post(input, user) }
    it { is_expected.to eq("#{profile_link} #{smile_image}") }
  end

  describe "#meify" do
    subject { helper.meify(input, user) }

    context "when string starts with /me" do
      let(:input) { "/me blushes" }
      it { is_expected.to eq(profile_link + " blushes") }
    end

    context "when string includes /me" do
      let(:input) { "checkout /me here" }
      it { is_expected.to eq("checkout #{profile_link} here") }
    end

    context "when /me isn't separated by spaces" do
      let(:input) { "b3s.me/me" }
      it { is_expected.to eq(input) }
    end
  end

  describe "#render_post" do
    it "should run the string through Renderer" do
      expect(Renderer).to receive(:render).with("foo").and_return("bar")
      expect(helper.render_post("foo")).to eq("bar")
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cori Anika Bush (* 21. Juli 1976 in St. Louis, Missouri) ist eine US-amerikanische Politikerin der Demokratischen Partei, examinierte Krankenpfleger und Aktivistin. Seit 2021 vertritt sie den ersten Distrikt des Bundesstaats Missouri im Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten. Sie ist die erste Afroamerikanerin, die für Missouri ins Repräsentantenhaus gewählt wurde.

Die Netflix-Dokumentation  Knock Down the House (2019) beschäftigt sich mit Cori Bush und drei weiteren Politikerinnen der Demokratischen Partei.

Privatleben
Bush wuchs in ihrer Geburtsstadt St. Louis auf. Sie besuchte städtische Privatschulen und graduierte an der Cardinal Ritter College Prep High School. Nachdem sie ein Jahr an der Harris–Stowe State University studiert hatte, machte sie an der Lutheran School of Nursing eine akademische Ausbildung zur Krankenschwester mit Abschluss als registered Nurse Diploma (eingetragene Diplom-Krankenpflegerin).

Bush lebt in St. Louis. Sie ist alleinerziehende Mutter zweier Kinder. Als ihre Kinder noch sehr klein waren, war sie zeitweise obdachlos.

Politische Laufbahn

Anfänge
Ihr Interesse für Politik erwachte bei den Unruhen in Ferguson 2014, wo sie als Triage-Krankenschwester und Organisatorin arbeitete. Sie berichtete, dass sie von einem Polizeibeamten geschlagen worden sei, wurde aber nicht verhaftet.

Bush kandidierte 2016 als Senatorin für Missouri im US-Senat und war bei den Vorwahlen der Demokraten die Kandidatin mit den zweitmeisten Stimmen, hinter Missouris Secretary of State Jason Kander, der bei der Wahl knapp gegen den amtierenden republikanischen Senator Roy Blunt verlor.

Wahl zum US-Repräsentantenhaus 2018
Bei der Zwischenwahl zum Repräsentantenhaus 2018 trat Bush in der Vorwahl der Demokraten gegen den damaligen demokratischen Abgeordneten William Lacy Clay im ersten Kongresswahlbezirk an. Sie wurde als rebellische Kandidatin bezeichnet und von den PACs Brand New Congress und Justice Democrats unterstützt. Clay gewann mit 56,7 % der Stimmen, Bush erhielt 36,9 %. Im selben Jahr entstand die Netflix-Dokumentation Knock down the House, die vier Quereinsteigerinnen im US-Wahlkampf begleitet, darunter Cori Bush und Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, die sich bei der Vorwahl 2018 gegen einen etablierten demokratischen Abgeordneten durchsetzen konnte.

Wahl zum US-Repräsentantenhaus 2020
2020 kündigte Bush an, dass sie bei der Wahl zum Repräsentantenhaus 2020 erneut gegen Clay kandidieren werde.

Progressive Organisationen wie die Justice Democrats, das Sunrise Movement und Brand New Congress befürworteten ihre Kandidatur, und auch Persönlichkeiten wie Senator Bernie Sanders, Jamaal Bowman, Nina Turner, Bürgerrechtlerin Angela Davis, Paula Jean Swearengin und Schauspielerin Michelle Forbes sprachen sich für Bush aus. Bushs Sieg gegen Clay in der Vorwahl galt weithin als erstaunlicher Überraschungserfolg und beendete die 52-jährige Dynastie der Clays: Von 1969 bis 2001 vertrat William Lacy Clays Vater Bill Clay den 1. Kongresswahlbezirk von Missouri im Repräsentantenhaus, 2001 fiel sein Mandat an William Lacy Clay. Der Kongresswahlbezirk bzw. seine Vorläufer haben seit 1909 bis auf 17 Monate immer demokratisch gewählt, seit 1911 durchgängig. Seit den späten 1940er-Jahren hat dort kein Republikaner mehr als 40 % der Stimmen erhalten. Bei der Wahl zum Repräsentantenhaus setzte sich Cori Bush durch und trat ihr Amt am 3. Januar 2021 an.

Wahl zum US-Repräsentantenhaus 2022
Die Primary (Vorwahl) ihrer Partei am 2. August für die Wahlen 2022 konnte sie mit über 69 % klar gewinnen. Sie wird dadurch am 8. November 2022 gegen Andrew Jones Jr.  von der Republikanischen Partei, sowie George Zsidisin von der Libertarian Party antreten.

Ausschüsse
Bush ist aktuell Mitglied in folgenden Ausschüssen des Repräsentantenhauses:
 Committee on Oversight and Reform
 Economic and Consumer Policy
 Environment
 Committee on the Judiciary
 Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security (Vize-Vorsitz)
 The Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties

Positionen
Bush ist eine progressive Demokratin und unterstützt u. a. Strafrechts- und Polizeireformen, Abtreibungsrechte, Medicare for All (die Einführung einer allgemeinen Krankenversicherung), einen höheren Mindestlohn, den gebührenfreien Besuch von State Colleges und Trade Schools sowie den Erlass von Studentenkrediten. Sie ist Mitglied der Democratic Socialists of America, die auch ihre Kandidatur befürworteten. Bush ist eine Unterstützerin der umstrittenen israelkritischen  Kampagne Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS).

Während des Wahlkampfs trat Bush dafür ein, dem amerikanischen Militär die Finanzierung zu entziehen. Nachdem sie deswegen u. a. von Kevin McCarthy und Donald Trump Jr. kritisiert worden war, erklärte sie, dass sie die Umverteilung von Mitteln des Verteidigungshaushaltes für das Gesundheitswesen und für wirtschaftlich schwache Kommunen unterstütze.

Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen
Bush wurde 2015 mit dem "Women of Courage Award" der Emmett Till Legacy Foundation, 2016 mit dem "Power 100 Award" des Delux Magazine und 2018 mit dem Community Activist Award der Missouri Association of Black Ministers ausgezeichnet. Das Gazelle Magazine nahm sie in seine Liste der "Top 50 Women of St. Louis" auf. Die St. Louis Coalition of Human Rights ehrte sie 2017 als ein "Unsung Human Rights Hero".

Weblinks

 Webpräsenz beim Kongress (englisch)
 Wahlkampfseite (englisch)
 Bush bei Ballotpedia (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Missouri
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Aktivist
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1976
Frau


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text:
https://www.nhregister.com/nfl/article/Stunning-rally-begs-question-How-do-Patriots-11315662.php
Stunning rally begs question: How do Patriots rank in history?
Schuyler Dixon The Associated Press
Published 5:35 pm EST, Monday, February 6, 2017
Patriots head coach Bill Belichick embraces Tom Brady after winning the Super Bowl on Sunday.
Photo: Matt Slocum — The Associated Press
HOUSTON >> The Patriots have the biggest comeback in Super Bowl history. Cue the debate on whether it translates into the greatest dynasty in the NFL, and maybe where New England ranks among dominant pro sports franchises.
Perhaps the discussion hinges on the record-setting duo of quarterback Tom Brady and coach Bill Belichick.
There are some numbers that aren't debatable, like most Super Bowl appearances for a team (nine) and a quarterback (seven). Brady's five wins put him one ahead of Hall of Famers Terry Bradshaw and Joe Montana for the most by a quarterback, and Belichick's five are one better than Bradshaw's coach in Pittsburgh, Chuck Noll.
Bradshaw and Montana never had a Super Bowl rally that even remotely resembled the 25-point recovery engineered by Brady in a 34-28 win over Atlanta on Sunday night in the first Super Bowl to go to overtime.
"We've got the greatest quarterback," defensive lineman Trey Flowers said. "Calm, cool, collective and just make plays. That's what he's been doing all his career."
Green Bay won the first two Super Bowls with Bart Starr and has four titles. Bradshaw's Steelers became the team of the 1970s, with Roger Staubach and the Dallas Cowboys not far behind. Montana's 49ers dominated the '80s.
Troy Aikman helped the Cowboys become the first team to win three titles in four seasons in the 1990s — and Brady matched him a decade later.
Starr, Bradshaw, Staubach (they called him Captain Comeback), Montana, Aikman.
Vince Lombardi, Noll, Tom Landry, Bill Walsh, Jimmy Johnson.
None of them have a claim to the sustained excellence of Brady and Belichick, the only duo to go to seven Super Bowls and win five.
"He cast a wizard spell over us that changed everything," tackle Nate Solder said of Belichick and the message at halftime, when the Patriots trailed 21-3 before going down 28-3 in the third quarter.
Joking aside, the Patriots probably never panicked because they can lean on things such as 16 consecutive winning seasons (Dallas has the record with 20) and an NFL-best 34 playoff games and 25 postseason wins for Brady.
"At halftime, I would say we weren't down at all," said Brady, who won his fourth Super Bowl MVP award by leading two fourth-quarter touchdown drives that included 2-point conversions to force overtime. "We were disappointed in the way we played, and we knew that we could go out and do a lot better in the second half."
Brady and Belichick fall short of the nine NBA titles that Bill Russell and Red Auerbach won together in Boston, or the six that Michael Jordan and Phil Jackson celebrated in Chicago.
There will always be arguments for the multiple dynasties of the New York Yankees, who have 27 World Series titles. Shortstop Derek Jeter and manager Joe Torre won four together in a span of five seasons from 1996 to 2000, not to mention Mickey Mantle and Casey Stengle or Lou Gehrig and Joe McCarthy.
And don't forget about the Montreal Canadiens, who won 16 NHL titles in 27 seasons from the 1950s to the 1970s.
Then again, leagues were smaller and rosters were thinner back then, and the conversation was nearly about Atlanta ending its championship drought.
"To come back and just stall and just give Tom Brady a glimpse of a chance to come back, we did that," Falcons receiver Taylor Gabriel said. "It's tough to lose like that in the Super Bowl."
Instead, the spotlight is firmly back on Brady, Belichick and the Patriots, who might not even be done — they're already favored to repeat in 2018.