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How the WHO medical manual is used to stigmatize sexual variation
Submitted by Jack Molay on 30 October, 2011 - 07:11
crossdreamer
The WHO medical manual says that only crossdreaming crossdressers can become tranwomen, not the ones that do not get aroused by the idea of being a woman. How did sexual arousal become such a sin?
I have spent some time looking at the American DSM manual. The American psychiatric manual say a lot about how some psychiatrist try to draw the line between different types of cross-gender identification.
There is another manual that is just as interesting, namely the WHO ICD manual (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,10th Revision,Version for 2007)
Under "Mental and behavioural disorders" there is a category called "Disorders of adult personality and behaviour", where you will find both transsexualism and crossdressing/crossdreaming categorized as mental illnesses.
You are not one of us!
Submitted by Jack Molay on 24 June, 2011 - 09:51
separatist
The separatists transwomen intensify their attacks on crossdressers and "transgender", immensely fearful of contamination by association.
White Pride
Separatist ideologue and HBS International general, Rose White, has now declared war on the presence of drag queens in Pride Parades in Calder-dale, Britain. The argument:
"Drag queens – homosexuals dressed as women – and drag kings, women dressed as men, performing as stereotypical crossdressers promote, foster and reinforce the belief among the audience that any bloke in a frock must be a homosexual." she says. "If these people are allowed to perform in the town in the Pride, they must have a prominent sign stating 'We are homosexual men – not transexuals'."
In other words: "You are not one of us!"
What Harry Benjamin Really Meant about Crossdressers and Transwomen
Submitted by Jack Molay on 4 October, 2010 - 00:05
harry benjamin
In this post I will take a look at what one of the giants of trans research, Harry Benjamin, really meant about what he called "transvestites" and "transsexuals".
The discussion of Rose White's book on the Harry Benjamin Syndrome and the idea that "true transwomen" and crossdreamers belong to different species continues.
What about Harry Benjamin?
"So who are these HBS people that hold themselves clear and distinct from all other people on the planet?" Rose White asks. (Yes, that was a direct quote!). Her answer:
"Put simply an HBS is a person who from first memory feels to be trapped in the wrong body just as Harry Benjamin described back in 1966."
But would Harry Benjamin have embraced White's book if he was alive today? I can with great certainty say that he would have hated it!
The Harry Benjamin Syndrome 2: The Scientific Basis
In this post I continue to the discussion of Rose White's book The Harry Benjamin Syndrome Comes of Age.
Continues from part 1.
She blinded me with science
Rose White argues that crossdressers and real transwomen (who she calls HBS) have nothing in common. The origins of the two conditions are completely different. While HBS transwomen have a natural brain based femininity, the crossdressers have not, she argues.
So what about the science White is pointing to? Does science really prove that HBS transwomen belong to a different race than crossdreamers who choose to transition?
The Harry Benjamin Syndrome Part 1: When transactivism becomes transphobic
Submitted by Jack Molay on 30 September, 2010 - 02:45
Some of you may have heard about the so-called Harry Benjamin Syndrome.
It is a term developed by transwomen who vehemently oppose any association between them and whom I have called crossdreamers, among them crossdressers.
The argument is that science has proved that this particular group of transwomen, the HBS women, are real women brain wise, and that transitioning male to female crossdreamers (men who get turned on by the idea of having a woman's body, including crossdressers) are not.
In three posts I will take a look at a new book from the Harry Benjamin Syndrome camp, and see if their arguments hold water.
The invisible female to male crossdressers and crossdreamers
autoandrophilia
The myth of the non-existent female to male crossdreamer or crossdresser is crumbling. It turns out that women can be gender confused as well, without being homosexual or even transsexual.
Gender stereotypes have it that only men can be perverts. For some peculiar reason men are the ones who most wholeheartedly promote this standpoint. Many male to female crossdressers, for instance, seem resigned to "the fact" that they are nothing but "fetishist" and that the women they worship never are. They believe it is their male testosterone driven urges that drives them to them dressing up as women. They have no "inner woman".
Many sexologists and most evolutionary psychologists seem to agree. Ray Blanchard, who has looked at men who get turned on by imagining themselves as women, consider these woman-loving "autogynephiliacs" a completely different category from the "homosexual transsexuals" (i.e. M2F man-loving transwomen).
The "autogynephiliacs" (who I call crossdreamers) are suffering from a male typcal paraphilia, according to Blanchard, and a can in no way be considered feminine. As for female to male transsexuals, they are all "homosexuals". There are no female to male "paraphiliacs".
I must say that I have found this very strange. Why should the variety of nature bring us male to female "autogynephiliacs" and crossdressers, but no female to male "autoandrophiliacs"?


R.C.I.A. is a gradual process of Christian formation. It begins somewhat informally with the first stage called Inquiry. After an initial interview, a person will be invited to join other "inquirers" who are exploring the possibility of becoming a Catholic. Individuals will have the opportunity to ask question about the church, learn about the message of Jesus Christ and how that message is lived out in the Catholic Church. There is no set time frame for this stage. It lasts as long as necessary for a person to decide if he or she wants to pursue the process of becoming a Catholic.
When the inquirer decides to continue the process of becoming a Catholic, he or she will be accepted into the Order of Catechumens. The inquirer stands in the midst of the parish community and states that he or she wants to continue the process and become a baptized member of the Catholic Church. The local parish assembly affirms their wish and the unbaptized inquirer then becomes a catechumen. An inquirer baptized in another Christian faith will become a candidate.
During the Period of the Catechumenate the catechumen and candidate will choose their own sponsor or be paired up with a sponsor from within the parish. This spiritual companion will offer support and encouragement during this phase of the journey. The Catechumenate is a time of catechesis (the passing on of the teachings of the church), prayer, spiritual guidance, experiencing the Catholic Church through the seasons of the church calendar, involvement with the church community and participation in the work of the church. The period of the Catechumenate usually take at least one year. This allows the catechumen to experience one full cycle of the church year.
Purification and Enlightenment is a time leading up to the celebration of initiation at the Easter Vigil. This time of intense preparation coincides with the season of Lent. During this time of Lenten retreat, the elect and the parish community focus together on conversion.
Mystagogy, Post Baptismal Catechesis: During the fifty days of Easter, the neophytes will continue to meet weekly, pondering on the experience and meaning of the sacraments as they participate with the faithful in the Eucharistic life of the church. To help the neophytes become incorporated into the full life of the Christian community, formation and teaching will continue for one year.


We get really excited when fall comes around because it means seasonal DIY's and recipes! Since we've been blogging for three years (woah, right) we're finding it harder and harder to come up with unique and interesting crafts.
This year we knew we wanted to make a pumpkin craft. We made these confetti pumpkins last year and they were really popular, so we knew a pumpkin craft would go over well with you all (fingers crossed)! This year we stayed away from the usual dark decor that comes along with Halloween. Instead we decided to keep things light and bright. We initially spray-painted our pumpkins white and decided to try out a new technique using tissue paper and mod podge. We actually don't know if this is a real technique or if we made it up but anyways it worked our really well! We layered different colored tissue paper to create a watercolor effect on the bottom of the pumpkins.
I wanted my pumpkin to be more color-blocked, while Britta went the ombre route. Whatever you decided we think this craft is fool proof. You can't go wrong with layers of colorful tissue paper.
Paint your craft pumpkin with glossy white spray paint.
Rip up your tissue paper into different sized pieces. I like the jagged edge look and I also tried to rip in a triangle shape. Britta ripped more round pieces, so do whatever you think looks best.
Using your Mod Podge individually layer the tissue paper on the bottom of the pumpkin, in any pattern you like.
When your pumpkin is dry paint the stem with acrylic gold paint.
We are obsessed with how these pumpkins turned out and they fit right in at our new crafting area, which Im sure we'll share soon! Most of our recent DIYs have been very texturized and lacking color, so it was fun to experiment with different shades and mediums for this project!
Share your pumpkin craft with us below!
It seems strange to say pumpkins look pretty but these really do! Great idea!


Southampton is a port city and is most well known as the cruise capital of Europe. Each year, over 400 million visitors flee to Southampton for its culture, history, events and attractions. The city is home to the SeaCity Museum, the University of Southampton, Tudor House and Garden, Southampton City art Gallery and the Solent Sky Museum. Leonardo Royal Hotel Southampton Grand Harbour is situated in the heart of the city on the Southampton Waterfront and within easy walking distance to many of the city's top attractions. One of the most famous ships, The Titanic, started its journey in Southampton before tragedy struck over 1000 people in 1912, the SeaCity Museum provides facts and accounts of that time and is located less than a 15 minute walk from the hotel. For those who prefer the outdoors, Southampton has been awarded the greenest city in Southern England with over 300 acres of flowers and animals and offers a number of trails to explore. Southampton is also a proud sports city home to the Saints Football team and a short drive from The Ageas Bowl, the home of Hampshire Cricket.
Southampton is a port city and is most well known as the cruise capital of Europe. Each year, over 400 million visitors flee to Southampton for its culture, history, events and attractions. The city is home to the SeaCity Museum, the University of Southampton, Tudor House and Garden, Southampton City art Gallery and the Solent Sky Museum.
Leonardo Royal Hotel Southampton Grand Harbour is situated in the heart of the city on the Southampton Waterfront and within easy walking distance to many of the city's top attractions. One of the most famous ships, The Titanic, started its journey in Southampton before tragedy struck over 1000 people in 1912, the SeaCity Museum provides facts and accounts of that time and is located less than a 15 minute walk from the hotel.
For those who prefer the outdoors, Southampton has been awarded the greenest city in Southern England with over 300 acres of flowers and animals and offers a number of trails to explore. Southampton is also a proud sports city home to the Saints Football team and a short drive from The Ageas Bowl, the home of Hampshire Cricket.


It's blackberry season on my farm, and at the same time, the garden is exploding! I've made some jelly and put some things in the refrigerator but I like to get creative with this job wherever I can.
I recently wrote about liqueurs that owe their flavoring to herbs. Many of you wrote in that you'd like to see some recipes so this week I thought I would share some of the ones I'm using this year for harvest season.
NOTE: All of these recipes require at least one month before you can enjoy the finished product. Plan accordingly.
At the end of three months, strain your liqueur through a jelly bag. (Find unbleached jelly bags here.) Squeeze to get all the juice out of the blackberries.
Add 1 cup of sugar syrup (1 cup sugar heated with 1 cup water, then cooled). Stir to combine.
Allow this mixture to mellow 4-6 weeks before drinking.
Cut up the pears (with their peels) and put them in a large jar with all the dry ingredients. Add the brandy and make sure that it covers everything.
Allow to soak for 2 weeks in a cool, dark area. Shake often to keep everything mixed. Strain when complete and re-bottle.
Allow this to mellow for 2-4 weeks before enjoying.
Blend your herbs and citrus with the vodka and secure a lid. Allow to soak for 2 weeks in a cool, dark place, shaking occasionally.
Strain and add simple syrup to your taste.
Rebottle and allow to mellow for 2-4 weeks before drinking.
Putting up garden produce, while it may still involve the simplicity of canning jars, does not have to be boring. What are you storing away from summer's bounty for winter's enjoyment?
3. Can you tell me the recipes to make orange or lemon liquire,banana,watermelon, cucumber and mango.
I'm dealing with pre diabetes. Is it okay to put in less sugar or even no sugar at all.
The simple syrups are added to make the liqueur "smooth". You could easily remove them and still have a delicious infusion with many uses.
Thank you for these recipes. I have a bounty of elderberries this year. I would love to have a recipe, liqueur or extract, that would give me the most of their medicinal properties.
You could easily replace the blackberries with elderberries in the recipe above and have something really great!


Types of Forbes Valves ?
Gate Valves are primarily designed to start or stop flow, and when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction are needed. In service, these valves generally are either fully open or fully closed.
The disk of a gate valve is completely removed when the valve is fully open; the disk is fully drawn up into the valve bonnet. This leaves an opening for flow through the valve at the same inside diameter as the pipe system in which the valve is installed.
A gate valve can be used for a wide range of liquids and provides a tight seal when closed.
• Non Rotating Stem design.
• Rising Stem non rising hand wheel .
• Roller Burnishing of Stem in Gland Packing section.
• Special Control Cone (SN 46)for use on Pressure Equalizing application and high pressure reduction/Throttling applications.
• Single piece stem and plug assembly: No vibration of plug when the globe valve is kept crack open. Cracking of Stellited seat due to High frequency vibration of plug when handling high pressure drop across valve seat is a common occurrence. Can be avoided by considering this feature.
• Non Rotating along with Single Piece Stem and Plug Design feature ensures that the plug does not rotate when it sits on the globe valve seats. It also prevents damage to seat due to entrapped solid such as pipe scales or entrapped solid when the valve operator puts excess effort on handwheel to ensure tightness at seat.
• Non Rising Hand wheel is ideal for use in areas where space between pipes is limited.
• Roller Burnishing in Gland packing section gives a mirror finish to the spindle and helps reduce ware and tare of the gland packing. Effort required to operate the valve reduces due to reduced friction at the gland packing section due to this feature.
• Control Cone feature (SN 46) helps to separate the seating area from the throttling of High pressure reduction area. As a result the harmful effects of cavitation and flashing do not affect the seating area of the valve enhancing the seat life .
• Available in Bolted Bonnet Construction for #800 rating valves. Welded Bonnet for rating #1500 and #2500.
• Available in Carbon Steel(A105)/Alloy Steel(A182F22)/Stainless Steel(SS316).Low Temperature Carbon Steel A350 LF2 also offered in Block Body construction on request.
• Can be offered with Electrical Actuators.
• Offered in "T" Pattern. Also offered in Angle Pattern Design (Inlet and outlet at right angles to each other).
• Offered with IBR Certificate Format III-C when offered for Steam Service.
• Designated as Stop Valve when used for On-Off Service.
A basic swing check valve consists of a valve body, a bonnet, and a disk that is connected to a hinge. The disk swings away from the valve-seat to allow flow in the forward direction, and returns to valve-seat when upstream flow is stopped, to prevent backflow.
The disc in a swing type check valve is unguided as it fully opens or closes. There are many disk and seat designs available, in order to meet the requirements of different applications. The valve allows full, unobstructed flow and automatically closes as pressure decreases. These valves are fully closed when flow reaches zero, in order to prevent backflow. Turbulence and pressure drop in the swing check valve are very low.
A ball valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start flow. If the valve is opened, the ball rotates to a point where the hole through the ball is in line with the valve body inlet and outlet. If the valve is closed, the ball is rotated so that the hole is perpendicular to the flow openings of the valve body and the flow is stopped.
In slurry or other applications, the suspended particles can settle and become trapped in body cavities causing wear, leakage, or valve failure.
• Guided Disc when Hand wheel is operated.
• Non Rotating feature ensures that the disc does not rotate when the disc sits on the valve seats. It also prevents damage to seat due to entrapped solid such as pipe scales or entrapped solid due to any possible excess effort by the operator on hand wheel to ensure tightness at seat.
• Offered in "T" Pattern.


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HomeCommunityVasili's Taxidi: The Power of Re-Invention and Maria's Fresh Flowers
Vasili's Taxidi: The Power of Re-Invention and Maria's Fresh Flowers
Photo: Vasilis Vasilas
CommunityVasili Taxidi
By Vasilis Vasilas
After the recent Local Business Awards highlighted is just how many Greek businesses which are being recognized for their impressive product and great service; what makes such shop-owners so successful is that extra effort and detail they place in their business. What is also amazing about them is how they go about their business quietly and naturally…
Sydney is full of great Greek businesses; whether it is their longevity of operating in the local area or them perfecting their business model, they develop into important centres in the local community. One of the best-kept secrets of Sydney's Greek shops is found in Padstow, where Maria Voudouris and her family run the award- winning Maria's Fresh Flowers.
Maria migrated to Australia in 1977 where she married Tony and, like so many thousands of migrants, found Australia such a huge adjustment, "At the time, Andoni was running a take-away shop in Harbourt, Sydney, where I started to work. It was like so many young migrants before me; in Greece, I was a student and, in Australia, I found myself working seven days a week. Harbourt did not have any Greeks living there; this bothered me too. I just felt very isolated! No family, no compatriots… Australia was an incredible adjustment for me! It took me about five years to become used to living here. I felt very sad. "
Maria's story is an incredible journey; what is amazing about Maria's story is her motivation and determination to succeed as a florist. It should be emphasised Maria and her husband, Tony, had bought the Oriona Milk Bar in Padstow; at the time, the local area had so many milk bars and takeaway shops and, Tony and Maria's milk bar was at the end of the shopping strip.
As Maria always loved flowers, she introduced a small flower section in the milk bar, "I came up with the idea to start making bouquets and selling them at the front of the shop. I was always interested in flowers; I had begun buying flower magazines/books, and even videos, from the USA and UK, out of interest. I was to-ing and fro-ing between the milk bar and flower section; if there were more orders in the milk bar, I would help out there.
Little by little, the demand for flowers grew. It came to the point where I put aside a small area in the shop as a flower section. I also enrolled at Padstow TAFE and successfully finished my Certificate in Floristry."
When the milk bar part of the business slowed down (so much), Maria- with the support of Tony- showed enormous courage to shut the milk bar and re-open their shop as a florist. Out went the counter and grill, in came all the flower arrangements! It was such a huge risk, but it was Tony and Maria's opportunity of new beginning…
The major turning point was when one customer asked Maria to do all the flower arrangements for her wedding, "I had never made the flowers for weddings before! I tried to refuse her request but she was encouragingly adamant. While I was saying I was not confident enough to take up her offer, she fully trusted me to do this. Then, she just walked out of the shop and that was that…
Once I did the flower arrangements for this wedding and everyone was happy with what I had done, my confidence grew- I knew I could do it. So, I asked my husband to arrange for a removalist truck to come to our shop and we stripped the shop of the counter and everything else, and transformed the shop into a florist. This is how we started… with Maria's Fresh Flowers."
And the rest is history for this award-winning business which has won many Markets Floristry Awards and Local Business Awards and for their category- including this year- and in 2012 achieved Business of the Year!
Maria's Fresh Flowers is truly a family business; while Maria makes up the flower arrangements and Tony does the deliveries, their daughter, Marianna, works at the shop looking after all the paperwork and on-line business. During busy days of the year, their children, Alana and Athanasios, help out too.
With the Voudouris family operating Maria's Fresh Flowers in Padstow over four decades, they have developed a very strong relationship with the local community, "I love my shop. I am blessed that I work with something (i.e. flowers) that I love. I just want to keep working; I do not want to retire! So many of our customers have now become our friends. We sponsor sporting teams, church groups and schools. What was so encouraging was how little children who used to buy lollies off us when we had the milk bar come to us years later to order flower arrangements for their weddings. After all these years, we feel part of the local community."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Why Does your Commercial Property Need Title Insurance?
Your commercial property needs title insurance, just like any other property.
Title insurance may seem like a luxury for your commercial property, but it really isn't. Commercial properties need title insurance in the same way that they need roofs; they're essential. Today we're going to be talking about why your commercial property needs title insurance and how having it or not having it could affect you down the line. Are you ready to learn more? Well, let's get started!
Insurance is often purchased to protect you against something that may happen down the line, but title insurance is going to protect you against something that may have already happened. Some commercial properties change hands quite a bit, and some business owners may not have been entirely thorough with their paperwork. In the event that someone challenges your ownership of the property, you will need to file a claim with your insurance provider. Depending on your policy, we would then dispute the claim and defend you, this defending your business and, by extension, your livelihood. When a lawyer gets involved to evaluate the claim, it would be helpful to have title insurance already in place.
This entry was posted on Friday, July 22nd, 2016	at 4:21 pm	and is filed under Title services . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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Measuring the degradation of robot components caused by gamma radiation.
Comprehending total effects of radiation on robotic systems used to clean up nuclear disasters depends on radiation responses of each component which often result in faulty system performance. There are significant amounts of research done to understand the radiation response of individual components; however, little has been done to quantify the interaction of degraded components and resulting system fault modes. The MCC 7805CT linear regulator and QTR-8A reflectance sensor on the Pololu robot were tested to quantify their total ionizing dose responses using a Cs-137 irradiator. The fluctuation in output voltage and current for the regulator and output voltage for the sensor were measured at each increasing exposure intervals. Standard curves were calculated by fitting the current and voltage versus total dose for each of the components. A slight decline was observed in both the output voltage and current while an increase in the values from the sensor. Results from this testing will be incorporated in a larger attempt to model how the simultaneous degradation of both parts will affect one another by using a Bayesian Network (BN) model. This approach allows for modeling total system performance, diagnosis of fault modes from degraded components, and potentially assist in time-to-failure analysis.
Nuclear accidents initiated by environmental events, such as Fukushima, pose an urgent threat to public health and environmental safety. Moreover, post-nuclear accidents create a need for technologically advanced robotic systems that can gather and communicate data about the extent of the radiation damage, eliminating the need to expose humans to these harsh radiation environments. However, electrical components are not immune to the effects of radiation. High energy photons and energetic particles present after a nuclear catastrophe can degrade electrical components and result in system malfunctions, data corruption, or total system failure[1],[2].
There are two approaches to understanding and the eventual mitigation of the radiation effects on a system. Typically, the entire system is irradiated in a controlled environment to understand overall system function at specific exposures but, the underlying cause of the system failures is unknown and prognosis is not possible. Another approach includes the testing of individual components in a controlled ionizing radiation environment to determine their specific performance after cumulative exposure[1][2]. Testing individual components alone does not allow for understanding higher system performance degradation. This work combines the individual component testing approach along with a basic Bayesian Network (BN) model. Data from controlled exposures can reliably predict how these robotic systems will execute the tasks desired with irradiated components.
One research extension based on this radiation testing is the Pololu robot research. The Pololu robot is a small programmable robot that follows the simple command of following a line in a circle. Past research has introduced irradiated components to the Pololu robot to determine the degraded components' effects on the expected performance of the circuit and the system behavior. This work extends previous research by testing a linear regulator and reflectance sensor to determine how the output voltage and current from each component changes when irradiated. Degradation is modeled where the the model parameters can be used to calibrate the BN for prognosis. The linear regulator takes an unregulated input voltage and reduces variation by using an internal reference voltage. However, when irradiated, the internal voltage is altered and is no longer able to maintain the output voltage for the circuit that is needed to keep it functional. The reflectance sensor detects the environment and guides the robot's movements by following a solid black line[3]. These tests help to gain an understanding of the complex interactions of the parts and how the radiation responses lead to the system's failure[2]. This research and other research similar to it understands the characteristics of Total Ionizing Dose (TID) for each individual component and focuses specifically on gathering values that represent how these components will affect different systems based on their dose response.
An extension of this research included the development of a Bayesian network model that would convert the raw data gathered into graphical representations that exhibited the behavior of both components if irradiated in the same circuit. Bayesian Network models use Bayes' theorem which is a method of calculating the probability of an event occurring given information about another dependent event[2]. In previous research, Bayesian Networks have been applied to determining the effects of ionizing radiation environments on single components as similarly done here[4]. Information produced from these models express not only the raw data, but also 20,000 other possible points or potential behaviors that the linear regulator and reflectance sensor could exhibit if tested simultaneously. The BN models developed here can be extended and used prior to the deployment of these robots, to understand and potentially mitigate radiation-induced system failure. This approach also has the potential to enhance the ability of on-site experts to make informed decision by using probabilistic models founded on real-time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
The linear regulator was tested to understand how the output voltage and current vary after exposure to total-ionizing dose (TID). Two separate circuits were built to conduct the experiment for the linear regulator and the reflectance sensor from the Pololu robot. A DIP, switch containing eight switches, was separately wired to the Arduino analog pins to connect the electronic component. Five resistors were used to simulate different load conditions could be selected through the DIP switch. Different resistive loads determine the supply current for the linear regulator, corresponding to 20 mA to 60 mA (10 mA intervals), and model the Pololu robot's power consumption. As the robot speeds up or slows down the amount of current required by the system changes and the linear regulator is required to produce a constant voltage under these varying conditions. A current sensor was also incorporated into the circuit to measure and transmit the fluctuation of the current to the Arduino. The reflectance sensor circuit only contained the wire connections directly from six of the eight LED/phototransistor pairs to the analog pins in Arduino.
An Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to report the resulting analog values to a computer interface. The programming of the Arduino for the linear regulator required the DIP switch and the current sensor analog pins to be read and recorded on the screen ten times with a delay of one second between each reading. The component was irradiated and then removed from the irradiator and placed into the circuit to be tested. Each of the five current loads were tested subsequently before the linear regulator was removed to be irradiated again. The reflectance sensor's programming in Arduino was more straightforward due to the lack of additional parts in its circuitry. The only commands used included reading and writing the analog values to a serial monitor from the analog pins. With these commands, ten measurements were recorded with a delay of one second between each reading at each tested radiation dosage.
A major issue encountered with conducting simple analog commands is that Arduino does not possess the ability to save the values that are read and recorded to a serial monitor. Therefore, the software known as Putty was connected to the Arduino coding in order for the analog values to be written into a comma separated values text file (.csv) that could be saved and reopened in Microsoft Excel for analysis.
An additional test was done with the reflectance sensor to determine its response when placed in the same circuit with a degrading linear regulator. The sensor was not irradiated, only had two LED/phototransistors, and was connected to a power supply that would be used to decreasingly change the input voltage. The input voltages tested were: 5 V, 4.9 V, 4.8 V, 4.7 V, 4.6 V, and 4.5 V which were determined from the analysis of the linear regulator in the earlier tests. The sensor was tested still attached to the Pololu robot frame, but was placed over a black surface instead of a white surface to determine the impact of the reduced input voltage on the peak output of the line sensor.
Each of the components were irradiated with a Cs-137 source that emits gamma radiation at approximately 700 keV from a cesium rod. The dose rate, the rate that parts are exposed to ionizing radiation, is controlled by decreasing or increasing the distance of the parts to a source. A Vanderbilt research group calibrated the dose rate versus distance as seen in the equation below where a, b, and c represent set calculated variables, while x is the distance from the source rod on the base plate measured in centimeters. The linear regulator was irradiated separately from all other circuitry to limit radiation degradation to the regulator. While being exposed to ionizing irradiation the regulator was powered using a breadboard at 15 V from an external power source to model the robot under a nominal use case conditions that would be representative of its use after a radioactive disaster[3].
The linear regulator was exposed to increasing amounts of irradiation ranging from 20 krad to 180 krad at a dose rate of 780 rad/min. The irradiation testing for the reflectance sensor differed from the linear regulator in that the component was attached to the frame of the Pololu robot and hovered over a white surface at the distance from the ground that it would be secured at if the robot was fully built. The sensor was exposed to 20 krad to 100 krad at a dose rate of 600 rad/min. As mentioned above, only six of the eight sensors were tested, which left two sensors that were covered in order to block any possible interference.
As predicted for the linear regulator, degradation in the functionality of the linear regulator was observed in response to the TID conditions. According to the manufacturing company, the threshold for faulty behavior in the MCC 7805 CT linear regulator occurs at an output voltage below 4.8V. Between 40 krad to 60 krad, the output voltage from the components dropped below 4.8V and as far as 4.6V. Figure 2a shows how the output voltage from the linear regulator changed as the radiation exposure increased. For four out of the five resistive loads this response was detected. However, the 20 mA load demonstrated a non-monotonic change in output voltage. Starting at 100 krad the output voltage increased quickly to 5V, until 140 krad, where the voltage then decreased and remained at 4.8V.The output current measured from the degraded linear regulator remained relatively steady and within a reasonable distance from the targeted resistive load. Figure 2b shows the behavior of the output voltage as the radiation exposure increased. There was a slight decrease at 120 krad for four of the five loads, but the 20 mA load demonstrated a fault mode. The output current at this switch decreased drastically from 20 mA to 2.4 mA, which is indicative of a complete failure of the linear regulator.
One failure mode of the reflectance sensor is defined as resulting in a false positive, in which the sensor's output values increase to values that attributed to a darker surface. This trend can be seen in Figure 3 where all of the sensor output values began to increase starting immediately at 20 krad. The sensors that were closer in position had similar responses to the radiation creating similar curves as shown in Figure 3. Sensor six displayed the strongest behavior with its output values increasing from 34 to 456.1 over the course of the ten trials.
Figure 2(a). The degradation of the ability of the linear regulator to control the output voltage due to radiation exposure.
Figure 2(b) displays the fluctuation of the current as a result to the degradation of the functionality of the component.
Figure 3. The degradation of the reflectance sensor as the radiation dosage increased from 0 krad to 100 krad resulting in tripled and quadrupled sensor output values.
A second failure mode of the reflectance sensor includes false negative, in which the outputs resemble values that are attributed to lighter surfaces. Testing the reflectance sensor over a black sensor with a decreasing input voltage displayed an almost linear correlation between the two factors. Figure 4 shows that a negative correlation exists between the sensor output values decreasing as the input voltage reciprocated.
Figure 4. The negative correlation between the sensor output values and the input voltage can be seen here through the results of the unirradiated reflectance sensor.
Using the data collected from this research an initial Bayesian Network model was created and is based on previous work[1]. Figure 5 shows the comparison of experimental data to the calibrated BN model. The BN predicts that the response from the reflectance sensor will continue to increase as was observed in Figure 3, while the voltage regulator will steadily decrease until failure of the component is reached as seen in Figure 2a.
Figure 5. The graph created using an early phase of the Bayesian Network Model that predicts the behavior of both components in response to one another as well as to increasing radiation.
The linear regulator experienced the largest amount of degradation between 60 krad and 100 krad. This provides a guideline on when to begin expecting fault mode behavior from the linear regulator. At 140 krad for the 20 mA resistive load the voltage was found to peak at 4.99V before declining to 4.88V. The erratic behavior of the output voltage at this load was a result of the linear regulator's current reducing to 2.44 mA. The output current and voltage were physical results of the system failure. They were characterized as symptoms of the level degradation of the device from the increasing radiation doses.
Results from the reflectance sensor proved that the physical location of the phototransistor detectors have an effect on how the light is reflected and measured by the sensor. The reduced light to the sensor results in higher values that are associated with darker surfaces. Sensors located at the physical edges show degradation between 20 krad and 30 and deviate from the response of the inner sensors.
Analysis of the false negative failure mode in the reflectance sensor over the black surface with the decreasing input voltages predicted that the resulting values will decrease almost linearly as the linear regulator degrades. The development and progression of the Bayesian Network Model for these two components showed that there is an indeed inverse relationship between the behaviors of both components and how they will affect each other if degraded simultaneously. The degradation of the linear regulator will cause the reflectance sensor to measure increasingly higher values. Being able to visually see a representation of the future actions of the components fulfilled a major goal in this research.
The testing conducted in this research needs to be repeated multiple times to quantify the variability in the components' responses and to gain more knowledge of the trends in their radiation responses in order to calibrate the Bayesian Network model. Further concentration and focus on this aspect of the research is priority to forming a practical method of determining component radiation fault modes. With this system, engineers will be able to thoroughly assess when the robotic system will no longer be able to function under extended exposure to radiation environments. This saves money by being able to help prevent robots from being lost in radioactive areas because they cannot be brought back out after malfunctioning and failing. The use of the Bayesian Network Model will allow this research to become a template as to how other engineers can efficiently run performance tests on their robots by doing so under the actual conditions that the robots will be enduring.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
I would like to express my utmost gratitude to Dr. Arthur Witulski, Zachary Diggins, and Dr. Stephanie Weeden-Wright for all the assistance that you all have provided throughout the duration of this project.
T.P. Ma, Paul V. Dressendorfer, Ionizing Radiation Effects in MOS Devices And Circuits, Canada: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1989, pp. 256. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com/books? [April 15, 2015].
Zachary Diggins, et al, "System Health Awareness in Total-Ionizing Dose Environments," [May 18, 2015].
Andrew T. Kelly, et al, "Total Dose in Single Event Transients in Linear Voltage Regulators," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 54, pp. 1327-1334. August 2007.
R. Ladbury, J. L. Gorelick, S.S. McClure, "Statistical Model Selection for TID HArdness Assurance," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 3354-3360, December 2011.
Posted by Greta Clinton-Selin on Friday, June 3, 2016 in May 2016.
Tags: Bayesian Network model, Gamma radiation, Pololu robot
Author & Article Details
Rebecca M. Hood
Zachary J. Diggins
Arthur F. Witulski
School(s):
(Nashville TN) School for Science and Math at Vanderbilt
Martin Luther King Jr. Academic Magnet School (Nashville TN)
Bayesian Network Model
Pololu Robot
Article Download:
Rebecca M. Hood.pdf


Heat olive oil in a pan and add shallot, garlic and pine nuts. Sauté until shallot begins to turn translucent.
Add mushrooms and fresh basil, and continue cooking until mushrooms become tender.
If mixture becomes dry, add a little bit more olive oil or a couple of teaspoons of water.
Add spinach, salt, and pepper, and remove from heat.
Stir until the spinach is well combined with the mushrooms and wilting. Set aside to cool.
In a medium sized bowl, sift together your flour and salt.
In a small bowl, combine 3/4 cup water and 2 teaspoons olive oil, then combine with flower and salt.
Using your hands, knead the dough for a few minutes. Form the dough into a ball, and cover in plastic wrap to prevent drying. Set aside.
Divide your dough in half. On a lightly floured surface, roll each half into a long rectangular piece, about 1 /16 of an inch thick. Cut ravioli with knife into squares. On the center of half of the squares, put a heaping spoon of filling. Wet the edges and place an empty square on each one, pressing with a fork all around the edges. Make sure they are well sealed.
Boil Ravioli in a pot of water, for about 5 minutes.
Drain, pat dry and serve with Rosé Sauce, garnished with fresh Basil, Lemon Zest, Salt, and Pepper.
In a sauce pan, heat olive oil over medium-low heat and add garlic, shallot, dried herbs, and dried red pepper flakes.
Sauté and stir frequently, until shallot begins to become translucent.
Add crushed tomatoes and simmer for at least 10 minutes.
Add nutritional yeast and fresh herbs, and salt and pepper.
Reduce heat and add wine, then slowly add cream until desired consistency and colour is achieved. Raise heat only until almost boiling, while stirring constantly.
*Adjust quantity of pepper flakes depending on how spicy you like your food.


text:
import "reflect-metadata";
import {createTestingConnections, closeTestingConnections, /*reloadTestingDatabases*/} from "../../../utils/test-utils";
import {Connection} from "../../../../src/connection/Connection";
import { Category, Post } from "./entity";

describe("migrations > generate command", () => {
    let connections: Connection[];
    before(async () => connections = await createTestingConnections({
        migrations: [],
        enabledDrivers: ["postgres"],
        schemaCreate: false,
        dropSchema: true,
        entities: [Post, Category],
        schema: "public",
    }));
    // beforeEach(() => reloadTestingDatabases(connections));
    after(() => closeTestingConnections(connections));

    it("can recognize model changes", () => Promise.all(connections.map(async connection => {
        const sqlInMemory = await connection.driver.createSchemaBuilder().log();
        sqlInMemory.upQueries.length.should.be.greaterThan(0);
        sqlInMemory.downQueries.length.should.be.greaterThan(0);
    })));

    it("does not generate when no model changes", () => Promise.all(connections.map(async connection => {
        await connection.driver.createSchemaBuilder().build();

        const sqlInMemory = await connection.driver.createSchemaBuilder().log();

        sqlInMemory.upQueries.length.should.be.equal(0);
        sqlInMemory.downQueries.length.should.be.equal(0);

    })));
 });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Considered the most popular pirate story, Treasure Island is a timeless adventure classic. Gripping and fun, the story is brought to life by vivid character voices. Set sail for the treasure hunt of a life time!


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Donegal Cottage Holiday's Website has proved to be the best money we could have spent on advertising. Brian brings a personal approach, making it so simple for cottage owners to get started and runs a website that is both easy to use and informative for those seeking to holiday in beautiful County Donegal.


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A Life Activities Club provides its members with a variety of rewarding and stimulating sporting, leisure, personal development and social activities to develop and maintain an active and enjoyable life style which the members enjoy in the company of friends and acquaintances.
Membership of a Life Activities Club is open to all men and women particularly those in the 50 and over age group, whether retired, nearing retirement or still in the workforce.
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So don't sit at home, make those connections and become part of the local community.
See the membership section to join.


text:
Q: Proof of Proposition/Theorem V in Gödel's 1931 paper? Proposition V in Gödel's famous 1931 paper is stated as follows:
For every recursive relation $ R(x_{1},...,x_{n})$ there is an n-ary "predicate" $r$ (with "free variables" $u_1,...,u_n$) such that, for all n-tuples of numbers $(x_1,...,x_n)$, we have:
$$R(x_1,...,x_n)\Longrightarrow Bew[Sb(r~_{Z(x_1)}^{u_1}\cdot\cdot\cdot~_{Z(x_n)}^{u_n})] $$
$$\overline{R}(x_1,...x_n)\Longrightarrow Bew[Neg~Sb(r~_{Z(x_1)}^{u_1}\cdot\cdot\cdot~_{Z(x_n)}^{u_n})]$$
Gödel "indicate(s) the outline of the proof" and basically says, in his inductive step, that the construction of $r$ can be formally imitated from the construction of the recursive function defining relation $R$.
I have been trying to demonstrate the above proposition with more rigor, but to no avail. I have, however, consulted "On Undecidable Propositions of Formal Mathematical Systems," the lecture notes taken by Kleene and Rosser from Gödel's 1934 lecture, which have been much more illuminating; but still omits the details in the inductive step from recursive definition, stating "the proof ... is too long to give here."
So can anyone give me helpful hint for the proof of the above proposition, or even better, a source where I can find such a demonstration? Thanks!

A: Remember that what Gödel called "recursive" is what we now call primitive recursive; the term "recursive" is now used to mean computable instead. Also the "predicate" $r$ is now called a formula.
The general idea at hand here is called "representability of functions". We are proving is that every primitive recursive function is representable in a particular way in our fixed, sufficiently strong theory of arithmetic.  This sort of thing is covered in great detail in chapters 12 and 13 of Peter Smith's book An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems which at the moment is probably the best rigorous reference in print at the undergraduate level.
One method of proof is by induction on the definition of the primitive recursive function $R$. Here is a sketch of how to define the formula $r$:

*

*For the successor function $R(x) = x+1$ let $r(x,y)$ be $y = x+1$

*For the projection function $R(x_1,\ldots, x_n) = x_i$ let $r(x_1, \ldots, x_n, y)$ be $y = x_i$

*For the zero function $R(x) = 0$ let $r(x,y)$ be $y = 0$

*If $R$ is a composition $f(g_1(x_1, \ldots, x_n), \ldots, g_k(x_1, \ldots, x_n))$, let $r_f$ and $r_{g_i}$, $i \leq k$, be obtained by induction. Then let $r(x_1,\ldots,x_n, y)$ be $$(\exists y_1, \ldots, y_k)[ r_f(y_1, \ldots, y_k, y) \land r_{g_1}(x_1,\ldots,x_n,y_1) \land \cdots \land r_{g_k}(x_1,\ldots,x_n,y_k)]$$

*If $R$ is defined by primitive recursion as
$$R(0, x_1, \ldots, x_n) = f(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$$
$$R(k+1, x_1, \ldots , x_n) = g(k, x_1, \ldots, x_n, R(k, x_1, \ldots, x_n))$$
then let $r_f$ and $r_g$ be obtained by induction and let
$$
r(z, x_1, \ldots, x_n, y) = (\exists \sigma)[|\sigma| = z+1 \land r_f(x_1,\ldots,x_n,\sigma(0)) \land (\forall i < z)[r_g(i, x_1, \ldots, x_n, \sigma(i+1)) \land y = \sigma(z)]$$
The quantification over a finite sequence $\sigma$ can be turned into quantification over natural numbers using the technique of Gödel's β function.
You can then prove by induction that for each primitive recursive $R$, for each $x_1,\ldots, x_n$ there is a unique $y$ such that $r(\overline{x_1}, \ldots, \overline{x_n},\overline{y})$ is provable.

A: I'm not completely familiar with Gödel's notation, but I think this is equivalent to theorem 60 in Chapter 2 of The Logic of Provability by George Boolos, which has fairly detailed proofs of this sort of thing (all in chapter 2).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
IC 3840 ist eine Zwerggalaxie vom Hubble-Typ  IBm? im Sternbild Coma Berenices am Nordsternhimmel, die schätzungsweise 26 Millionen Lichtjahre von der Milchstraße entfernt ist.

Das Objekt wurde am 27. Januar 1904 von Max Wolf entdeckt.

Einzelnachweise

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Kalanick's Leadership Approach Report
Home » Posts » Kalanick's Leadership Approach Report
January 9, 2020	Admin	Posts Leave a comment
Part 4—Uber: Leading: Third Key Component of Uber's Success This is the fourth part of a five-part cumulative case, and focuses on the leading component of success for Uber. This part utilizes chapters 11 through 15 of the textbook. This real-world application of management knowledge and skills is designed to help you develop critical thinking ability and realize the practical power of sound managerial skills for solving problems in your job and career.
Read the cumulative case and respond to the questions that follow.
Case: (Excerpt)
After planning and organizing, leadership is the next key function of management. Leading is defined as motivating, directing, and otherwise influencing people to work hard to achieve the organization's goals.
"Leadership may sometimes seem like a mysterious process," writes Inc.contributor Erik Sherman, "but it's not. Plenty is known and understood about how it works. . . . But improvement isn't something you slather on like a coat of paint. It requires change." This is the challenge facing Uber.
The Individual Differences Underlying Travis Kalanick's Behavior
Born in 1976 in Los Angeles and raised in Northridge in L.A.'s San Fernando Valley, Kalanick is the son of a civil engineer of Slovak descent and a mother who worked in retail advertising and was of Jewish background and German, Irish, and Russian descent. Some of his attributes are as follows:
Salesmanship and competitiveness. Described as "a natural salesman," according to Max Chafin in a Fast Companyprofile, he sold knives door-to-door during high school and also ran track and specialized in the long jump.
Gift for math. A person who has said "I really love numbers," Kalanick achieved a perfect score on the math portion of the SAT. Later, when trying to devise an Uber model that would help drivers make more money and make passengers happier, he said, "I started to see how math moved the needle. Things clicked in me about how this thing could scale [be broadened]."
Entrepreneurial bent. In the summer following graduation from high school, he started an SAT training company with a classmate's father. He enrolled at UCLA to study computer programming, but dropped out as a senior in 1998 to help found Scour Inc., a multimedia search engine where, at age 22, he was vice president of strategy, responsible for cultivating investors and media partners.
Focus and perseverance. A Scour co-founder recalled that "Kalanick already had a penchant for constant pacing, his phone usually pressed to his ear, focused totally on finding anyone who could possibly help the young startup," according to Brad Stone in The Upstarts.
While at Scour, he came under the wing of super-agent Michael Ovitz, one of the most feared players in Hollywood, who taught him some hardball business tactics, first investing $4 million (in return for 51% ownership) in the startup and then suing Scour as a negotiating tactic when the company went looking for other investors. When Scour began making money offering bootleg copies of popular movies, it was also sued by the major studios for copyright infringement, forcing the young firm into bankruptcy in 2000. The scars of this experience remained with Kalanick for years……………………………………………………………………….
Answer the following question: Is Kalanick more of a task or relationship-oriented leader? Provide examples to support your conclusion. Uber is among the most successful companies in the taxi industry. However, the leadership style employed by the company's founder, Kalanick, is questionable. Over the years, Uber has been in constant conflicts with its employees and contract drivers, but it has continued to grow including expanding to new cities globally. It is doubtful on how Uber has managed to grow at a fast rate amid a sour relationship with its employees, contract drivers, and other stakeholders. The reports ties Uber' success to the results-focused leadership applied by Kalanick. Kalanick is a task-oriented leader who is focused on the performance and satisfaction of customers at the expense of a balanced relationship with the company workers.
Leading is a fundamental aspect of leadership. It is through leadership where people are motivated, directed and influenced to work to attain the company's set goals (Kinicki and Williams 358). Kalanick's leadership rarely motivate or influence company employees. As revealed in the case study, lack of employee motivation is one of the big challenges facing Uber. For example, the company came into light in 2017 not because of registering tremendous profits or investing heavily in philanthropic activities, but because of embracing sexist and hostile workplace. The company's workplace lacks leader-employee relationship that can be translated into employee motivation. Motivation is one of the key drivers behind the employee performance and productivity as presented by (Kinicki and Williams 421).
Kalanick is focused on getting the results at the expense of the worker's welfare. As reported by the Curtin, Uber's former manager, expectations of the company on employees are quite high, but they do not get the help they need to do their work. Even though the company has employed has established teams through its three-pronged leadership model, the teams and groups are only available for middle-level management, but not for the employees of the lower radar. Teamwork helps to get rid of conflicts and increase cooperation (Kinicki and Williams 445). Lack of team and groups among the employees has escalated the conflict between the Uber leadership and workers.
Tags : Is Kalanick more of a task or relationship-oriented leader? Provide examples to support your conclusion, Part 4—Uber: Leading: Third Key Component of Uber's Success
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text:
Q: How to align my mathematical equation in Latex I am including several mathematical equations in my research work. So I am wondering how I can move the whole equation to the left, especially equation number 7.

The latex code that I used to generate it is :
\begin{equation} \label{eq7}
\begin{split}
I(W;G) = \\ { \sum_{g \in G}^{2} {max} \in (P_{WG}(W,G),0.001)} \times log
\frac{P_{WG(W,G)}}{P(G)P(W)}
\end{split}
\end{equation}

A: Something like this?

Note that I've replaced { and } with \biggl\{ and \biggr\}, respectively. I've also replaced max and log with \max and \log.
\documentclass[twocolumn]{IEEEtran} % ??
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{eq7}
\begin{split}
I(W;G) &= \biggl\{ \sum_{g\in G}
\max \bigl(P_{WG}(W,G),0.001\bigr) \biggr\} \\
&\qquad\times \log\frac{P_{WG}(W,G)}{P(G)P(W)}
\end{split}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

A: \documentclass[twocolumn]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}

\begin{equation} \label{eq7}
\begin{aligned}
  & I(W;G) = \\
  & \sum_{g \in G}^2 \max \bigl\{P_{WG}(W,G),0.001\bigr\} \times \log \frac{P_{WG(W,G)}}{P(G)P(W)}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

\end{document}


It's National Puppy Day! Here's Loki, aka: The Cracker, when he was just a wee thing in Taiwan, sometime in 2007. Even as a puppy, his penetrating eyes impart a heartbreaking story of abandonment, fear, anxiety and a desperation to find *his* person—one who spoke his language so many before misunderstood—to whom he'd gift his unending loyalty and affection. It took me a while to become fluent in the Cracker's language, but I did. Now we're connected forever. He grew into those magnificent ears, which now stand up proudly and not only serve as his mojo but are quite literally responsible for saving us from a house fire in the middle of the night. I trust him completely with our safety. Many undervalued dogs can be found in rescue.
This is the closest puppy photo I have of Juno, though she's a year old here. This little criminal stole my heart the day I laid eyes on her. Never a dull moment with Juno around. She has a long rap sheet of her crimes of mastication including: countless danskos, several flip flops, purses, trash cans, magazines, books, glasses, postal mail, my passport (yes the dog ate my passport Mr. Consulate), our landscaping plans, boots, plastic bottles, dental floss, toilet paper, office files, yoga clothes, yoga blocks, yoga mats, yoga magazines (she obviously doesn't think much of yoga), computer wires in original box, pillows, blue masking tape, and wait for it... my mini cooper seats. That last crime took her less than 5 minutes to commit. Like I could love this dog any less for her transgressions. Do you know what kind of punishment Mr. Wild Dingo dishes out when (not "if") she commits a crime? Steak dinners. What can I say? We're soft on criminals. Especially when they are this adorable.


Hi, I'd like my scribe video to continuously loop on three tvs in an exhibition hall. but am not clear on how to do this. Do I need to have my computer linked to the tvs. What programme can I create it in? And how do I do it?
Just to follow up - I have downloaded a video player (VLC) but have no idea how to convert the scribe into a video. can you help?
I think that most standard video players have an option to loop a video continuously.
If you mean a ".scribe" file, It is a file type that is only meant to be opened that in videoscribe. You cannot play it on a video player or "convert" it directly into a video file outside of videoscribe. You can just import it back into videoscribe.
If you have a paying subscription to videoscribe you can publish your project from videoscribe as a WMV, MOV or AVI file to your hard drive, or as an MP4 by publishing to sho.co.