3M2Se + P2Se5 = 2M3PSe4.
M3PSe4 + H2O = M3PSe3O + H2Se.
The decomposition may go still further, the compound M3PSe2O2 or even M3PSeO3 being formed. Intermediate compounds such as K3PSe2.5O1.5 are also formed, which may be isomorphous mixtures of various oxyselenophosphates.
Sodium Trioxysele no phosphate, Na3PSeO3.20H2O, obtained by the action of phosphorus pentaselenide on either sodium hydroxide or sodium hydroselenide, crystallises in needles.
Ammonium Oxytriseleno phosphate, obtained from phosphorus pentaselenide and a saturated solution of hydrogen selenide in strong ammonia, crystallises from the warm mother-liquor in leaflets having the composition (NH4)3PSe3O.10H2O. The cold mother-liquor afterwards deposits octahedra and four-sided leaflets having the composition (NH4)5H(PSe3O)2.18H2O.
Potassium Oxyselenophosphate, K3PSe2.5.O1.5.H2O, is obtained as greenish-yellow octahedra by using potassium hydroselenide.
Barium Dioxydiseleno phosphate, BaHPSe2O2.14H2O, formed when phosphorus pentaselenide is treated either with a solution of barium hydroxide or with a saturated solution of hydrogen selenide in barium hydroxide, is a white, microcrystalline powder.
Strontium Oxyselenophosphate, obtained as a light yellow precipitate by the action of phosphorus pentasulphide on strontium hydroxide and treatment of the filtrate with alcohol, has the composition SrHPSe2/3O10/3.7H2O. Using a large excess of phosphorus pentaselenide the crystals obtained are colourless and have the composition SrHPSe4/3O8/3.8H2O, which may possibly be 2SrHPSeO3.SrHPSe2O2.24H2O.
Calcium Oxyselenophosphate has been obtained in the same way, using calcium hydroxide instead of strontium hydroxide. With the smaller proportion of phosphorus pentaselenide the crystals have the composition CaHPSe⅓O11/3.5H2O, whilst with the larger proportion their composition is CaHPSeO3.8H2O.


text:
Home Tennis Briana Lynch Powers Volleyball Sweep; WVU Varsity Sports Roundup
Briana Lynch Powers Volleyball Sweep; WVU Varsity Sports Roundup
Kevin Kinder
West Virginia's Briana Lynch tips at the net
After propelling WVU to a pair of top-10 road wins for the first time in program history, West Virginia University volleyball senior middle blocker Briana Lynch has been named the WVU Student-Athlete of the Week.
Lynch, the Mountaineers' lone selection on the 2020 Preseason All-Big 12 Team, turned in a hitting efficiency of .440 in the two-match series against the No. 10-ranked Jayhawks last week.
The Johns Creek, Georgia, native recorded seven kills on 20 total attacks, hitting .200, in the squad's five-set win on Friday. Lynch followed up that performance with 18 more kills on Saturday, registering no errors on 30 total attacks for a game-high hitting percentage of .600 – the fifth-highest hitting efficiency in the Big 12 this season – in another five-set thriller in Lawrence.
Lynch's 18 kills matched her career high last set on Nov. 16, 2019. The middle blocker also collected six total blocks in the two-match series. Overall, she recorded 28.5 points on the weekend, averaging 2.90 points per set.
With the wins, WVU earned a season sweep over KU for the first time in program history.
This Week in Women's Soccer: The No. 9-ranked Mountaineers return home to take on Baylor on Friday, Oct. 15 … kickoff at Dick Dlesk Soccer Stadium in Morgantown is set for 7 p.m. ET.
Last Week in Women's Soccer: WVU (4-1, 4-1 Big 12) earned a 2-1 win at Texas Tech on Oct. 9, at John Walker Soccer Complex in Lubbock, Texas … the Mountaineers received goals from sophomore forward Julianne Vallerand in the 47th minute and the game-winner from senior midfielder Stefany Ferrer-vanGinkel in the 82nd … junior midfielder Isabella Sibley, junior defender Jordan Brewster and junior forward Alina Stahl all earned assists in the win … sophomore goalkeeper Kayza Massey, who made her 2020 season debut in the victory, made one save … WVU outshot TTU, 15-2, including 8-2 in shots on goal … the Mountaineers also matched a season high by tallying 10 corner kicks … Stahl led the way offensively with four shots, while Ferrer-vanGinkel and Vallerand issued three, all of them on goal.
Notes: With the win over the Red Raiders, WVU improved to 8-3-1 all-time against Texas Tech, including 3-1 in Lubbock … Ferrer-vanGinkel's team- and Big 12-leading third goal of the season marked her second game-winner in 2020 … the victory pushed West Virginia to 4-1 on the season, good for first place in the Big 12 standings … WVU has scored multiple goals in four of its five games this season … the Mountaineers are 6-2-1 against Baylor, including 2-1-1 in Morgantown … last season, the Bears took down WVU, 4-2, on Oct. 3, in Waco … West Virginia enters the week ranked No. 6 nationally in points per game (6.2), shots on goal per game (8.0) and corner kicks per game (7.2), No. 7 in shot accuracy (.563) and No. 8 in scoring offense (2.2) … individually, Ferrer-vanGinkel sits No. 2 in the country in game-winning goals (2) and No. 11 in total goals (3), while Brewster and Sibley are tied for No. 16 nationally in total assists (2) … WVU was slotted No. 9 in the most recent United Soccer Coaches National Poll, which was released on Oct. 6.
This Week in Volleyball: West Virginia (3-3) returns to the WVU Coliseum for a pair of Big 12 matches against TCU (1-3) on Oct. 15-16 … Thursday's match will air live on ESPNU at 7 p.m. ET … Friday's contest will be carried live on Big 12 Now on ESPN+, the conference's digital platform, starting at 6 p.m. ET … following Friday's match, West Virginia will celebrate the careers of its 2020 senior class: Audrey Adams, Alexa Hasting, Briana Lynch and Lindsay Proctor.
Last Week in Volleyball: West Virginia captured a pair of top-10 road wins for the first time in program history, upsetting No. 10 Kansas in five sets on Friday and Saturday, at the Horejsi Family Volleyball Arena, in Lawrence, Kansas … WVU finished the week hitting .208 with 124 kills and 21 total blocks … senior middle blocker Briana Lynch turned in a team-best .440 hitting efficiency in the two-match series … junior outside hitters Natali Petrova and Kristin Lux tied for the team lead with 27 kills apiece, followed by redshirt senior middle blocker Audrey Adams and Lynch with 25 swings each … junior setter Lacey Zerwas dished out 100 assists to average 10.00 per set for the second consecutive week … defensively, Adams recorded a team-high nine total blocks, averaging 0.90 per set, while senior libero Alexa Hasting dug 28 balls over the weekend to average 2.80 per set.
Notes: With the wins, the Mountaineers earned a season sweep over the Jayhawks for the first time in program history … West Virginia has now won three straight contests over Kansas and has taken the Jayhawks to five sets in seven of its last nine matches … as a team, WVU is hitting .201 and averaging 13.26 kills per set … Lynch paces WVU's offense with a .417 hitting efficiency to rank fourth in the Big 12 … Zerwas quarterbacks the Mountaineer offense, ranking second in the league with 10.63 assists per set … Adams leads the team's blocking efforts with 1.00 blocks per set, while Hasting anchors the floor defense with 3.78 digs per set … the Horned Frogs hold a 13-4 advantage in the all-time series, with the Mountaineers' last win taking place on Sept. 20, 2017, in Morgantown.
This Week in Golf: WVU does not compete this week … the Health Plan Mountaineer Invitational, scheduled for Oct. 19-20, at Pete Dye Golf Club in Bridgeport, West Virginia, has been postponed until April 12-13, 2021.
Last week in Golf: The Mountaineers were off last week after completing competition at the Colonial Collegiate Invitational and the Big 12 Match Play Tournament.
Notes: The Mountaineers now begin preparations for their spring season, which is slated to begin in mid-February … the complete spring schedule will be announced at a later date.
This Week in Cross Country: The Mountaineers do not compete this week … WVU opens the 2020 season on Friday, Oct. 30, in Lawrence, Kansas, at the Big 12 Championship at Rim Rock Farm.
Last Season in Cross Country: WVU finished third at the 2019 Big 12 Championship before notching a fifth-place finish at the 2019 NCAA Mid-Atlantic Regional … the Mountaineers were named an All-Academic Team by the United States Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association, while Candace Archer and Ceili McCabe earned All-Academic Athlete distinction, the first Mountaineers to earn the individual honor since 2017… thirteen members of the squad were named to the Academic All-Big 12 First Team, five of whom made the team with 4.0 grade-point averages (GPA), the most in the conference…Charlotte Wood and McCabe competed at the Canadian National Cross Country Championships in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada … WVU earned its lone win of the season at the Lock Haven Invitational, after all five scoring runners finished inside the top 10.
Notes: WVU returns with a shortened season due to COVID-19 … four newcomers are set to join the squad in 2020 … Coach Sean Cleary is entering his 14th season as head coach of the Mountaineers, while he's been involved with the program in some capacity for 28 years … WVU's Oct. 30 meet marks the beginning of the 43rd season of cross country at WVU … the Mountaineers have won their season-opening meets in four of the last six seasons – including victories at the Charlotte Opener in 2018 and the Texas Tech Invitational in 2016, as well as wins at the Lehigh Invitational in 2014 and 2017.
This Week in Tennis: West Virginia begins its fall season at the 2020 Fall Circuit, presented by the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) and Universal Tennis … WVU is scheduled to compete from Oct. 16-18, at The Greenbrier, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia.
Last Season in Tennis: West Virginia finished the 2020 spring season with a record of 7-3 (0-3 Big 12), marking the program's first winning season since 2010, when WVU finished the year with a record of 17-7 … the Mountaineers began last season with a pair of sweeps before rattling off five more wins to begin the season 7-0 … it marked the best start to a season since 1986, when WVU began the year 12-0 … following a rocky start to Big 12 Conference play, WVU saw its season cut short in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic … four Mountaineers were named to the Academic All-Big 12 First Team and ITA Scholar-Athletes at season's end .. WVU also posted an NCAA Academic Progress Rate of 992 and was named an All-Academic Team by the ITA in 2020 … West Virginia capped last season by signing four newcomers as part of the No. 29 recruiting class in the nation, the highest in program history.
Notes: WVU coach Miha Lisac enters his seventh season with the Mountaineers … during his tenure, West Virginia holds a record of 46-83 … seniors Giovanna Caputo and Anne-Sophie Courteau return to lead the Mountaineers this season … WVU also returns juniors Anastasiia Bovolskaia and Nicole Roc in 2020 … Courteau led the Mountaineers with 28 wins in 2020 … Courteau also tied Bovolskaia for the team lead in singles wins, with 14 … Courteau also led the team in doubles victories, with 14 … overall, Courteau holds the most career victories for WVU, with 86.
Briana Lynch
Previous articleWVU- Kansas Game Saturday Moved To FOX
Next articleProductive Week On Practice Field; Good Test News For WVU Football
Home Page › forums › Briana Lynch Powers Volleyball Sweep; WVU Varsity Sports Roundup
This topic has 0 replies, 1 voice, and was last updated by Kevin Kinder.
After propelling WVU to a pair of top-10 road wins for the first time in program history, West Virginia University volleyball senior middle blocker Br
[See the full post at: Briana Lynch Powers Volleyball Sweep; WVU Varsity Sports Roundup]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Expensive Pokémon cards
Best board games
Best board games for couples
Board games. For everyone.
Dungeons & Dragons 5E
Dicebreaker Podcast
From Cowboy Bebop to Dark Souls, why licensed RPGs need to do better in 2022
Big names, small ideas.
Opinion by Alex Meehan Staff Writer
Published on 12 Jan, 2022
When devising this year's list of our most anticipated roleplaying game releases, we had to make an active effort to not fill the entire thing with licensed RPGs. With Avatar Legends set to arrive sometime this summer - after the most successful Kickstarter campaign to date for a TRPG - the long awaited Cowboy Bebop RPG on the way and the newly revealed Dark Souls roleplaying game, there's a lot to look forward to in the coming 12 months.
But despite all the excitement, there's a lot of trepidation mixed in as well. There might be several franchises that I absolutely love getting the roleplaying game treatment - Avatar and Blade Runner, to name just a couple - but just because the original licence was great, doesn't necessarily mean that the adaption will be. Several of these intellectual properties have already experienced the darker side of adaptation - that notoriously bad live-action Avatar film and cancelled Cowboy Bebop show both spring to mind - and nobody wants to see that happen again. (Though in today's climate of endless remakes and spin-offs, it's bound to.)
Last year, I managed to get my hands on the quickstart for Avatar Legends - the tabletop RPG based on the beloved animated series that I watched for the first time in 2021 - and have had a fantastic time with the game so far. Avatar Legends very much feels like an RPG that understands what made the original series so good, translating that into a playable experience that gives game masters and players the tools they need to make their own episodic stories set within the same universe. Granted, the full version of the rulebook is yet to be released, but I have pretty high hopes.
On the other hand, I'm pretty damn nervous about all the other licensed RPGs that are set to make an appearance in 2022. I'm not a fan of Cowboy Bebop myself (cue horrified gasps), but editor-in-chief Matt Jarvis is and he's already mentioned his doubts surrounding the decision to enable players to become members of the original's cast of iconic characters. Though lead designer Michele Paroli's comments that the RPG will attempt to "translate the jazz part [of the series] into the core system" sound interesting, having players be able to control characters from the series feels like an alarmingly safe move.
Slapping a fresh coat of paint onto an existing roleplaying system is simply not enough.
Herein lies the biggest problem with licensed roleplaying games: it's too tempting to play it safe. When you have an already incredibly attractive element in place - a recognisable name - why do more to win players over? Roleplaying games that lean too much upon the setting, characters and imagery of a licence risk doing the original property a disservice. Slapping a fresh coat of paint onto an existing roleplaying system is simply not enough to make for a good licensed RPG. I've criticised licensed TRPGs for using imperfect systems in the past, because they've not been altered enough - or they're outright unsuitable - to fit with the original property.
Using an existing roleplaying system certainly makes the process of creating an RPG easier (less legwork involved when you've already got the foundations laid out), but it doesn't necessarily make the end product better. Powered by the Apocalypse has the potential to make some fantastic roleplaying games - Avatar Legends included - but creators also have a habit of using the system wholesale, rather than as a basis for something completely unique, which too often leads to a lacklustre experience.
The Cowboy Bebop RPG is set to be released this year.
Adapting a licence shouldn't just be using a name and recognisable imagery, it should be truly understanding what it good.
Licensed roleplaying games which have been built from the ground-up have a better chance at getting the formula right because they've - hopefully - been designed with an adaptation in mind. Artwork, writing and setting are certainly integral to roleplaying games, but they're not what makes them tick. Gameplay mechanics are the most important part of an RPG and, as such, should be created with the intention to immerse players in whatever world or atmosphere is required. Many setting-agnostic RPGs - roleplaying games where there isn't a set world - understand this concept incredibly well, such as Ten Candles or Dread, but licensed RPGs could seriously benefit from this approach.
Getting a Blade Runner RPG that doesn't feature some great gameplay mechanics around devising whether someone is human or a replicant would be such a disappointment. Or seeing a Dark Souls roleplaying game without elements surrounding boss battles and resurrecting at bonfires. Imagine a Cowboy Bebop TRPG that doesn't include contract jobs and opportunities to dodge your character's troubled past.
Adapting a licence shouldn't just be using a name and recognisable imagery, it should be truly understanding what makes a film/TV series/video game good and translating that into a roleplaying game experience. Whilst it is certainly tempting to slap on some artwork, write in various location names and leave it at that, I want creators and publishers to do better with licensed RPGs.
Many of us are largely tired with adaptations that have all the glitz and glamour in the world, but completely miss the mark with what made the original beloved enough to be worth adapting. If studios want their licensed roleplaying games to stand out this year, they'll need to do a lot more than print out a name.
Avatar Legends: The Roleplaying Game
Cowboy Bebop: The Roleplaying Game
Dark Souls: The Roleplaying Game
World Wide Wrestling: Second Edition
Alex Meehan
Alex's journey to Dicebreaker began with writing insightful video game coverage for outlets such as Kotaku, Waypoint and PC Gamer. Her unique approach to analysing pop culture and knack for witty storytelling finally secured her a forever home producing news, features and reviews with the Dicebreaker team. She's also obsessed with playing Vampire: The Masquerade, and won't stop talking about it.
More Opinions
Warhammer's hilarious fantasy football game Blood Bowl makes failure half the fun
Bad sport.
As an autistic GM, tabletop RPGs provide a perfect structure for social interaction
Things that make life difficult for me outside of the game room often make for better sessions in it.
If Quacks of Quedlinburg had a better name, it could be the next blockbuster board game
Plus a change in artwork.
The Dark Souls tabletop RPG could solve one of Dungeons & Dragons' biggest problems
Prepare to die.
Feature: Paranoia RPG stayed hilarious by changing satirical targets
This article is above your security clearance. Report for termination immediately.
Jaws and Deep Blue Sea inspirations for new aquatic horror RPG Dive
Because the sea is a scary place!
On Kickstarter
Wordle-inspired Guess the Board Game puts a tabletop twist on the viral puzzle game
Do you know your Knizia from your Hargrave?
Blaseball, the internet's favourite gonzo sport, announces a competitive card game
Old gods, peanut storms, rogue umpires and ghost players are presumed included.
Critical hits, perfect fits
Buy Dicebreaker T-shirts, hoodies and more


TALLAHASSEE – Governor Rick Scott and First Lady Ann Scott will announce the 2013 Hispanic Heritage Month student and teacher contests winners during the Hispanic Heritage reception at the Governor's mansion tonight. The reception will celebrate the contributions Hispanic community leaders, educators and students continue to make on our state and nation.
Governor Scott and First Lady Ann Scott will honor three outstanding Hispanic educators with the Excellence in Education Award. These individuals were nominated by students and peers, and each will receive $1,500 provided by Volunteer Florida at the Governor's Hispanic Heritage Month celebration.
Featured artist Nestor Martinez grew up in Bogota, Colombia. He began working full time as a Fine Arts painter in Tampa, Florida in 2005. He joined the Coalition of Hispanic Artists in 2009. His artwork has been on exhibit throughout Florida and nationally.
Three student essay-contest winners – one elementary, one middle-school, and one high school student – will also be honored by the Governor and First Lady. Winners will receive a four-year Florida College Plan scholarship provided by the Florida Prepaid College Foundation.
Two art-contest winners will also be recognized. These winners will receive $250, which will be awarded at the Governor's Hispanic Heritage Month celebration.
The Hispanic Heritage Month reception is supported by the Volunteer Florida Foundation and Florida Prepaid College Foundation. Additional sponsors include AT&T, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida and Prudential.
Hispanic Heritage Month in the United States has been celebrated since 1988, when President Ronald Reagan issued a Presidential Proclamation extending Hispanic Heritage Week into a month-long observation. This annual month-long celebration that begins on September 15 recognizes the contributions, traditions and culture of Hispanics and Latino Americans to the United States of America. Several Latin American countries celebrate the anniversaries of their independence during Hispanic Heritage Month. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua celebrate their Independence on September 15. Mexico celebrates its Independence Day on September 16, and Chile on September 18. This year's Hispanic Heritage Month celebration bears special significance for Florida as a part of Viva Florida 500, a statewide initiative, commemorating the arrival of Juan Ponce de León to the land he named La Florida in 1513.


Get used to the number 7 on max out week.
Big week of lifting this week. Maxing out all of our Olympic lifts and making sure we are fresh to do so all week by some unique programming... Should be interesting! The number 7 will resonate heavily in hindsight come Saturday .


text:
Home Dr Zimmerman L.O.S.E. Means "Lack Of Sustained Effort"
L.O.S.E. Means "Lack Of Sustained Effort"
The only place success comes before sweat is in the dictionary.
Last week I stated that success can often be boiled down to two elements–getting started and never quitting. I gave you three strategies for getting started. For some people, that's their biggest problem. They never get started.
Other people get started, but they don't finish. They don't have the staying power. Or as coach John Gagliardi, from St. John's University at Collegeville, Minnesota, would say, "They lose because LOSE Means Lack Of Sustained Effort."
That was the case with Fritz Kreisler for a long time. As a young boy he wanted to play the violin, and later he wanted a musical career. But it didn't work out the way he wanted, so he quit.
Kreisler decided to study medicine. He failed miserably at that. So he quit. He joined the army but never made it beyond a low ranking private. He quit again. He continued his pattern of trying different things and quitting each one of them.
Finally Kreisler went back to his former music teacher. He was told, "What you must have is the invincible, undefeatable determination that you will never give up." Kreisler took the advice to heart. He persevered until he finally succeeded. In fact, he became a world famous violinist who would pack Carnegie Hall to capacity and keep his audiences spellbound.
Kreisler learned, as we all must learn, that IN ALL WORTHWHILE ENDEAVOURS WE MUST BE PREPARED TO ENDURE BEFORE WE CAN PREVAIL.
There are three things you can do–indeed you must do, so you never give up. You must be willing to work hard; you must be unwilling to let up, and you must get up.
The first element of hard work is seldom popular. We all want easy wins and instant successes. That's natural. That's why IF YOU'RE WILLING TO WORK HARD, YOU'VE ALREADY BEAT 50% OF THE COMPETITION.
As a young boy Joe Frazier dreamed of becoming a boxer. He got an old sack and filled it with sand. That was his punching bag. And that was the beginning of his disciplined plan to reach the success he wanted. Eventually he won the gold medal for boxing at the 1964 Olympic Games.
When asked about his "secret," he said that success depends on your road work. You must be willing to do your road work, week after week, month after month, and hurdle after hurdle. You can get anywhere you want to go if you are willing to take enough small steps.
Then, YOU MUST BE UNWILLING TO LET UP. There will be times when you do not feel like doing your road work. As I've said many times before, be a little wary of your feelings. They can be a useful guide in decision making, but they should never have the final say in doing what needs to be done.
The way I keep myself from giving up is to give myself an affirmation. I just repeat the following sentences over and over: "Never let up when you're ahead; never give up when you're behind." Try it. It works.
Tom Dempsey was one person who refused to let up. Tom was born with only half a right foot and with a deformed right arm and hand. And even though he played football in high school and college quite successfully, he was turned down by the professional teams. They looked at his disabilities and concluded he wasn't professional material.
Tom refused to accept their verdict. He said, "I have learned never to give up. So many times in life and in sports, I have seen things turn around because someone persevered and kept the faith." And so he kept the faith and made it into the big leagues.u
In 1970, in a game between the Detroit Lions and the New Orleans Saints, the Saints were about to upset the Lions. With only 11 seconds left, Detroit took the lead by one point. It looked like the game was over. The Saints had 2 seconds left and were on the 45-yard line. In came Tom Dempsey to kick a field goal.
Up to that time, the longest field goal had been 56 yards. This one would be 63 yards. The goal posts were so far away that Tom didn't even know he had made it until the official raised his arms. The Saints won because Tom Dempsey had refused to let up in life.
Finally, YOU MUST BE WILLING TO GET UP WHEN YOU FALL DOWN. You see, you're not a failure if you fall down, but you are if you stay down.
It's like the coach who was talking to his football team. He was talking about the kind of players he wanted to recruit. He asked them, "Men, do we want the kind of player who gets knocked down and stays down?" They all shouted, "No!"
The coach asked, "Do we want the player who gets knocked down, gets up once, gets knocked down again, and stays down?" Again the men shouted, "No!"
So the coach continued, "Do we want the player who keeps getting knocked down and keeps getting up?" The players said, "Yes!"
Of course that's not too bad. But the coach said, "No. I want the player who keeps knocking him down."
The same is true for you and me. We need to keep getting up, but eventually, with enough learning and practice, we won't get knocked down quite so often.
Follow the three things I've outlined today, and you'll keep on keeping on. You'll never give up.
Action: Memorize the affirmation I gave you in today's Tip: "Never let up when you're ahead; never give up when you're behind." Repeat the affirmation at least ten times a day for the next twenty-one days. It will solidify your staying power.


text:
Environment New York Research and Policy Center
Environment New York Research and Policy Center Staff
Susan Rakov
Senior Vice President, The Public Interest Network; Managing Director, Frontier Group
B.A., Harvard University
Susan directs Frontier Group, the research and policy development group of The Public Interest Network. Frontier Group's work informs the public discussion about degradations to the environment and public health, threats to consumer rights and democracy, and the available routes to a better future. Her team's reports have documented the link between global warming and extreme weather, the impacts of fracking on the environment, and the transformation of our nation's relationship with the automobile. Susan lives with her family in Santa Barbara, Calif., where she is an advocate for public education and a singer and songwriter.
Environment New York Research & Policy Center
81 Prospect St.
Environment New York Research and Policy Center is part of The Public Interest Network, which operates and supports organizations committed to a shared vision of a better world and a strategic approach to getting things done.


§ 255-24 Applicability of standards.
§ 255-30 Off-street loading facilities.
§ 255-31 Grading and drainage.
§ 255-32 Erosion and sediment controls.
§ 255-37 Sidewalks and pedestrian paths.
§ 255-40 Multifamily and attached-dwelling residential development.
§ 255-40.1 Town center residential.
§ 255-43 Recreation areas and open space.
§ 255-43.1 Park and recreational land and fee requirements.
The following subdivision and land development principles, standards and requirements will be applied in evaluating plans for proposed subdivisions and land developments.
The standards and requirements outlined herein shall be considered minimum standards and requirements for the promotion of the public health, safety and general welfare.
Where literal compliance with the standards specified herein is clearly impractical, the Board of Commissioners may modify or adjust the standards to permit reasonable utilization of property while securing substantial conformance with the objectives of this chapter.
All portions of a site being subdivided shall be taken up in lots, streets, public lands or other proposed uses so that remnants and locked areas shall not be created.
In general, lot lines shall follow Township boundary lines rather than cross them.
The developer shall conform to all applicable performance standards, including but not limited to those contained in Chapter 175, Grading, Excavations and Fills; Chapter 280, Zoning; and Chapter 263, Trees.
Subdivisions and land developments shall be laid out so as to avoid the necessity for excessive cut or fill.
Land subject to subsidence and land deemed to be topographically unsuitable may not be platted for residential use or for such other uses as may increase danger to health, life or property until all such hazards have been eliminated or unless adequate safeguards against such hazards are provided by the subdivision plans. Such land within the subdivision or land development shall be set aside on the plan for uses which shall not endanger life or property or further aggravate or increase the existing menace.
In reviewing subdivision plans, the Board of Commissioners shall consider the adequacy of existing or proposed community facilities to serve the additional buildings proposed by the subdivision.
Where deemed essential by the Board of Commissioners, upon consideration of the particular type of development proposed and especially in large-scale residential developments, the Board of Commissioners may require the dedication or reservation of such areas or sites of an extent and locationsuitable to the needs created by the development for schools, open space, parks and other purposes.
Areas provided or reserved for such community facilities shall be adequate to provide for building sites, landscaping and off-street parking as appropriate to the use proposed.
Where a proposed park, playground, school or other public use shown in the Comprehensive Plan is located in whole or in part in a subdivision or land development, the Board of Commissioners may require the dedication or reservation of such area within the subdivision or land development, in those cases in which the Board of Commissioners deems such requirements to be necessary.
Proposed streets shall conform to such county and state street and highway plans as have been prepared, adopted and/or filed as prescribed by law.
Streets shall be logically related to topography so as to produce reasonable grades, satisfactory drainage and suitable building sites.
Residential streets shall be so laid out as to discourage through traffic; however, the arrangement of streets shall provide for continuation of existing or platted streets and for proper access to adjoining undeveloped tracts suitable for future subdivision.
If lots resulting from original subdivision are large enough to permit resubdivision or if a portion of the tract is not subdivided, adequate street rights-of-way to permit further subdivision shall be provided as necessary.
Dead-end streets shall be prohibited, except as stubs to permit future street extension into adjoining tracts or when designed as culs-de-sac. Stub streets shall be properly closed to through traffic until such time as the street is extended.
Stub streets greater in length than one lot width shall be provided with a turnaround designed to meet the standards required for culs-de-sac and shall be provided with sufficient rights-of-way to permit the future extension of the street into the adjacent property.
Streets that are extensions of or obviously in alignment with existing streets shall bear the names of the existing streets. Street names shall not be repeated within the Township, and all street names shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Commissioners.
Any applicant who encroaches within the legal right-of-way of a state highway is required to obtain a highway occupancy permit from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
Pursuant to the table below, new streets will be classified according to the average daily traffic (ADT) which will be expected to use the street. If a new street will serve as a stub or connector street, its classification must be determined in accordance with its ultimate traffic, given full development.
ADT's may be based upon actual vehicle counts or calculated by using the Trip Generation Rates Table in § 255-20B(5).
Expressway: Mid-County Expressway (U.S. Interstate 476).
Arterials: Lancaster Pike (U.S. Route 30), North Spring Mill Road (Pa. Route 320) and Sproul Road (Pa. Route 320).
Major collectors: Bryn Mawr Avenue, Conestoga Road, County Line Road, Darby and Paoli Road, Eagle Road, King of Prussia Road, Matsonford Road, North Wayne Avenue, Radnor and Chester Road, South Wayne Avenue and Upper Gulph Road.
Minor collectors: Brooke Road, Clyde Road, Godfrey Road (Darby and Paoli Road to Sproul Road), Goshen Road, Gulph Creek Road, Iven Avenue, Lowrey's Lane, Malin Road, Maplewood Road, Newtown Road, North Ithan Avenue, Pine Tree Road (King of Prussia Road to Upper Gulph Road), Radnor Street, Roberts Road (South Ithan Avenue to County Line Road), St. David's Road (southwest of Darby and Paoli Road), Sinkler Drive, South Aberdeen Avenue, South Devon Avenue, South Ithan Avenue, Valley Forge Road, West Wayne Avenue and Wyldhaven Road.
Local streets: All other existing streets shall be classified as local streets.
New streets shall be classified on the basis of a traffic impact study and/or a classification approved by the Board of Commissioners.
*As recommended by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
**Twenty-four feet in R-1 and AC Districts.
***Not required in the R-1 and AC Districts.
Additional right-of-way and/or cartway widths may be required by the Board of Commissioners in order to lessen traffic congestion, to secure safety from fire, panic and other dangers, to facilitate the adequate provision for transportation and other public requirements and to promote the general welfare.
Short extensions of existing streets with lesser rights-of-way and/or cartway widths than prescribed above may be permitted; provided, however, that no section of new right-of-way is less than 40 feet in width and such extensions shall be less than 100 feet in length.
Where a subdivision abut or contains an existing street of inadequate right-of-way width, the Board of Commissioners may require the reservation or dedication of rights-of-way to conform to the above standards. The center line of the ultimate right-of-way shall be the same center line as the existing right-of-way.
New half or partial streets will not be permitted, except where essential to reasonable subdivision of a tract in conformance with the other requirements and standards of these regulations and where, in addition, satisfactory assurance for dedication of the remaining part of the street can be secured.
Wherever a tract to be subdivided borders an existing half or partial street, the other part of the street shall be plotted within such tract.
Permanent or temporary culs-de-sac shall have a minimum length of 250 feet but shall neither exceed 800 feet in length nor furnish access to more than 20 dwelling units.
Culs-de-sac shall have at the closed end a turnaround with a right-of-way having a minimum outside radius of not less than 60 feet and shall be paved to a radius of not less than 40 feet.
Grades across culs-de-sac shall not exceed 3%.
No more than five lots may be permitted to front on a private street.
The private street shall have a right-of-way width and a horizontal and vertical alignment consistent with the requirements for public streets.
The private street shall meet minimum pavement structure requirements.
The private street shall be owned and maintained by all abutting property owners. A homeowner's association or other legal entity approved by the Board of Commissioners shall be formed in order to properly administer such maintenance responsibilities.
The Board of Commissioners shall reserve the right to order the reconstruction of the private street up to Township standards and subsequent dedication as a public street, if such private street is deemed to be a safety or health hazard. Costs of such reconstruction shall be assessed against all abutting property owners and shall be borne by said property owners.
Private streets shall be indicated as such on the record plan and shall be subject to contract and guaranty requirements as described in Article VII.
Whenever local street lines are deflected in excess of five degrees, connection shall be made by horizontal curves. All other streets shall not have angle points in the alignment.
Local streets and courts: 150 feet.
Major collectors and arterials: 500 feet.
Except on local streets, a minimum tangent of 100 feet shall be required between curves.
A long radius curve shall be preferred to a series of curves and tangents.
The approaches to an intersection shall follow a straight course for at least 100 feet for local streets and courts. Approaches for other street types shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering standards.
Center-line grades shall not be less than 1.5%.
Courts and local streets: 10%.
Arterials and all collector streets: 6%.
Vertical curves shall be used at changes of grade exceeding 1%.
Where the grade of any street at the approach to an intersection exceeds 7%, a leveling area of 4% grade or less shall be provided for a minimum distance of 100 feet for local streets. Approaches for other street types shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering standards.
Streets shall be laid out to intersect as nearly as possible at right angles. No street shall intersect another at an angle of less than 70°.
Multiple intersections involving the junction of more than two streets shall be prohibited.
In all districts, no structure, fence, planting or other structure shall be maintained between a plane two feet above curb level and a plane seven feet above curb level so as to interfere with traffic visibility across the corner within that part of the required front, side or rear yard which is within the clear sight triangle.
Minor collectors and local streets shall not intersect on the same side of a major collector or arterial at an interval of less than 600 feet.
Streets entering opposite sides of another street shall be laid out either directly opposite one another or with a minimum offset of 200 feet between their center line.
Minimum curb radii at street intersections shall be 25 feet for local streets; 30 feet for collectors; 35 feet for arterials; and 10 feet for driveways.
Right-of-way radii shall be concentric with the curb radii.
Where a subdivision abuts or contains an existing or proposed arterial or collector street, the Township may require reverse-frontage lots or such other treatment as will provide protection for abutting properties, reduce the number of intersections with the major street and separate local and through traffic.
Access to parking areas on commercial, institutional, planned business and industrial sites shall be controlled and shall be so located as to provide a minimum of 200 feet between points of access.
Private driveways, where provided, shall be located not less than 40 feet from the intersection and shall provide access to the street of lower classification when a corner lot is bounded by streets of two different classifications as defined herein.
Driveway grades shall not exceed 16%.
In general, no private driveway shall take access to an arterial or major collector street. Driveways shall be so located and designed as to provide a reasonable sight distance at street intersections.
No common driveways shall be permitted between two or more single-family dwellings.
No common driveway shall provide access to more than three lots or three single-family dwellings.
For passing overtaken vehicles on two- and three-lane streets.
For intersections to ensure safe crossing or entering of an intersecting street.
To be determined by Township Engineer, in accordance with accepted engineering standards.
The design standards specified below shall be required for all off-street parking facilities with a capacity of three or more vehicles.
Parking areas shall be designed to permit each motor vehicle to proceed to and from the parking space provided for it without requiring the moving of any other motor vehicles.
All parking spaces shall be marked so as to provide for orderly and safe parking.
At no time shall angle or perpendicular parking be permitted along public streets.
Except at entrance and exit drives, all parking areas shall be set back from the right-of-way line and all property lines pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 280, Zoning. The distance between this required setback and the cartway shall be maintained as a planting strip or planting strip and sidewalk.
No more than 10 parking spaces shall be permitted in a continuous row without being interrupted by landscaping and concrete curb.
No one area for off-street parking of motor vehicles shall exceed 30 cars in capacity. Separate areas on a parcel shall be physically separated from one another by ten-foot-wide planting strips and concrete curb.
Parking lots with less than 30 spaces shall not have a grade exceeding 5%. Parking lots with more than 30 spaces shall not have a grade exceeding 3%. No grade cut, fill or height difference between terraced parking areas shall exceed four feet unless approved by the Board of Commissioners.
In no case shall parking areas for three or more vehicles be designed to require or encourage cars to back into a public street in order to leave the lot.
Entrances and exits to and from off-street parking areas shall be located so as to minimize interference with street traffic.
For the purpose of servicing any property held under single and separate ownership, entrance and exit drives crossing the street line shall be limited to two along the frontage of any single street and their center lines shall be spaced at least 80 feet apart. On all corner properties, there shall be a minimum spacing of 60 feet, measured at the street line, between the center line of any entrance or exit drive and the street line of the street parallel to said access drive.
A minimum of 12 feet for one-way use only.
A minimum of 25 feet for two-way use.
A maximum of 25 feet at the street line and 35 feet at the curbline.
Tire bumpers shall be installed so as to prevent vehicle overhang on any sidewalk area.
No less than a five-foot radius of curvature shall be permitted for all curblines in parking areas.
All dead-end parking areas shall be designed to provide sufficient backup area for the end stalls of a parking area.
Raised pedestrian crosswalks and refuse islands shall be provided at intervals not exceeding 200 feet along the length of each parking area.
Pedestrian crosswalks in parking areas shall not be subject to passage or concentration of surface runoff.
All common parking areas shall be adequately lighted during after-dark operating hours. All lighted standards shall be located on raised parking islands and not on the parking surface.
All artificial lighting used to illuminate any parking space or spaces shall be so arranged that no direct rays from such lighting shall fall upon any neighboring property or streets, nor shall any high-brightness surface of the luminaries be visible from neighboring residential properties or from a public street.
Where semi-attached, attached or multiple dwellings are proposed and where private garages or driveways are proposed to be used to meet the off-street parking requirements, one parking space per four dwelling units of overflow off-street parking shall be provided. Such parking may be located either in a public parking facility or on individual lots.
Concrete curb shall be required along the perimeter of all parking areas exceeding a ten-car capacity.
All parking areas shall have at least one tree 2 1/2 inches minimum in caliper for every five parking spaces in single bays and one tree 2 1/2 inches minimum in caliper for every 10 parking spaces in double bays. Trees shall be planted in such a manner to afford maximum protection from the sun for parked vehicles. A minimum of 10% of any parking lot facility over 2,000 square feet in gross area shall be devoted to landscaping, inclusive of required trees.
Plantings shall be able to survive soot and gas fumes. Trees which have low-growing branches, gum or moisture which may drop on vehicles, blossoms, thorns, seeds or pods which may clog drainage facilities shall be avoided.
Off-street loading facilities shall be designed to conform to the following specifications.
Each space shall be no less than 14 feet wide, 60 feet long and 17 feet high, exclusive of drives and maneuvering space, and located entirely on the lot being served.
There shall be appropriate means of access to a street or alley as well as adequate maneuvering space.
The maximum width of driveways and sidewalk openings measured at the street lot line shall be 35 feet; the minimum width shall be 20 feet.
All accessory driveways and entranceways shall be graded, have a bituminous surface and be drained to the satisfaction of the Township Engineer to the extent necessary to prevent nuisances of dust, erosion or excessive water flow across public streets or sidewalks.
Such facilities shall be designed and used in such a manner as to at no time constitute a nuisance, a hazard or an unreasonable impediment to traffic.
The lighting requirements of § 255-29A(19) shall be met, if applicable.
Provisions for the control of surface water should, if possible, be constructed to encourage percolation of the water into the ground to aid in the recharge of groundwaters.
Blocks and lots shall be graded to secure proper drainage away from buildings and to prevent the collection of stormwater in pools.
All drainage provisions shall be of such design as to carry surface waters to the nearest practical and adequate street storm drain, retention basin, natural watercourse or other drainage facility.
The subdivider or developer shall construct and/or install such drainage structures and/or pipes as are necessary to prevent erosion damage and to satisfactorily carry off or retain and release surface waters.
The fill is located so that settlement, sliding or erosion will not result in property damage or be a hazard to adjoining property, streets, alleys or buildings.
A written statement from an engineer experienced in erosion control, certifying that he has inspected the site and that the proposed deviation from the slope specified above will not endanger any property or result in property damage, is submitted to and approved by the Township Engineer.
A concrete or stone masonry wall constructed in accordance with approved standards is provided to support the face of the excavation.
The top or bottom edge of slopes shall be a minimum of three feet from property or right-of-way lines of streets or alleys in order to permit the normal rounding of the edge without encroaching on the abutting property.
Storm drains and appurtenances shall be required to be constructed by the owner to take surface water from the bottom of vertical grades, to lead water away from springs and to avoid excessive use of cross gutters at street intersections and elsewhere.
Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Commissioners and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, watercourses shall remain open and shall not be piped or incorporated into a storm sewer system.
Detention and retention basins shall be designed to utilize the natural contours of the land whenever possible. When such design is impracticable, the construction of the basin shall utilize slopes as shallow as possible to blend the structures into the terrain.
Editor's Note: See also Ch. 175, Grading, Excavations and Fills.
No changes shall be made in the contour of the land and no grading, excavation, removal or destruction of the topsoil, trees or other vegetation cover of the land shall be commenced until such time that a plan for minimizing erosion and sedimentation has been processed and reviewed by the Township Engineer and the Delaware County Conservation District. The Board of Commissioners may waive this requirement for minor subdivisions.
There has been a determination by the Board of Commissioners that a plan for minimizing erosion and sedimentation is not necessary.
Measures used to control erosion and reduce sedimentation shall, as a minimum, meet the standards and specifications of the Delaware County Conservation District. The Township Engineer shall ensure compliance with the appropriate specifications, copies of which are available from the district.
The Board of Commissioners, in its consideration of all preliminary plans of subdivision and land development, shall condition its approval upon the execution of erosion and sediment control measures as contained in Chapter 175, Grading, Excavations and Fills.
Final approval of plans and specifications for the control of erosion and sedimentation shall be concurrent with the approval of the final subdivision or land development plans and become a part thereof.
The Township Engineer shall review stream channel construction on watersheds with a drainage area in excess of 320 acres or in those cases where downstream hazards exist and shall submit a review of said construction to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Said construction shall be approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources prior to final plan approval.
Provision of adequate sites for types of buildings proposed.
Zoning requirements as to lot sizes, dimensions and minimum lot areas per dwelling unit.
The limitations and opportunities of the topography.
Requirements for safe and convenient vehicular and pedestrian circulation and access.
Blocks shall have a maximum length of 1,600 feet and a minimum length of 300 feet. In the design of blocks longer than 1,100 feet, special consideration shall be given to the requirements of satisfactory fire protection.
Lot dimensions and areas shall not be less than specified by Chapter 280, Zoning.
Residential lots shall front on an existing or proposed street.
Through lots are prohibited, except where employed to prevent vehicular access to arterial or collector streets.
Insofar as practical, side lot lines shall be at right angles to straight lines or radial to curved street lines. Acute angles or small projections shall be avoided. However, different lot shapes will be permitted if they can be shown to be necessary or desirable to relate building sites to the terrain or to provide better site utilization and building relationships.
The depth of lots shall generally not exceed their width by more than 2.5 times. All lots shall be serviced by a street designed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
The subdivision of a tract which creates nonconforming side and rear yards for existing buildings will not be approved unless variances have been granted by the Zoning Hearing Board prior to final-plan submission.
Easements with a minimum width of 20 feet shall be provided as necessary for utilities.
To the fullest extent possible, easements shall be adjacent to rear or side lot lines.
No structure requiring a building permit or plantings, except for lawn and/or paving shall be set or put within the area of a utility easement.
Where a subdivision or land development is traversed by a watercourse, there shall be provided a drainage easement or right-of-way conforming substantially to the line of such watercourse and of such width as will be adequate to preserve natural drainage but not less than 50 feet or as may be required or directed by the Township and/or the Department of Environmental Resources. The owner shall properly grade and seed slopes and fence any open ditches when it is deemed necessary by the Township.
Where stormwater or surface water will be gathered within the subdivision or land development and discharged or drained without being detained over lands within or beyond the boundaries of the subdivision or land development, the applicant or owner shall reserve or obtain easements over all lands affected thereby, which easements shall be adequate for discharge or drainage; and for carrying off of such water; and for the maintenance, repair and reconstruction of the same, including the right of passage over and upon the same by vehicles, machinery and other equipment for such purposes; and which shall be of sufficient width for such passage and work. The owner shall convey, free of charge or cost, such easements to the Township upon demand.
Curbs shall be provided along streets when required by the Township.
Sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall minimize pedestrian-vehicle conflict and shall be provided when required by the Board of Commissioners.
The minimum width of all sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall be four feet.
Sidewalks and public paths shall be located within a public right-of-way, a public easement or a common open space area.
Curb cuts shall be provided at all street crossings.
Sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall be adequately lighted, if required by the Board of Commissioners.
The grades and paving of sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall be continuous across driveways. Where heavy traffic volume is expected, a special paving treatment may be required by the Board of Commissioners.
Sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall be laterally pitched at a slope of not less than 1/4 inch per foot to provide for adequate surface drainage.
Sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall not exceed a seven-percent grade. Steps or a combination of steps and ramps shall be utilized to maintain the maximum grades, where necessary. Where sidewalk grades exceed 5%, a nonslip surface texture shall be used.
Sidewalks and pedestrian paths shall be of a hard surface composition if heavy pedestrian or bicycle traffic will be served and shall be constructed according to Township specifications. An occasionally utilized footpath may utilize gravel, pine bark chips or other material approved by the Board of Commissioners.
Sidewalks adjacent to angle parking areas shall be set back a minimum of five feet to prevent car overhang from restricting pedestrian movement along the sidewalk.
Sidewalks shall be required in developments where lot areas are 20,000 square feet or less.
Within any land development or major subdivision, street trees shall be planted along all streets where suitable street trees do not exist.
Street trees 2 1/2 inches dbh at intervals of not more than 30 feet along both sides of new streets and along one or both sides of an existing street within the proposed subdivision or land development. An equivalent number may be planted in an informal arrangement, subject to the approval of the Board of Commissioners.
Street trees shall not be planted opposite each other, but shall alternate.
At intersections, trees shall be located no closer than 50 feet from the intersection of the street rights-of-way.
Street trees shall be planted on lots rather than within the right-of-way, unless otherwise approved by the Board of Commissioners.
Street trees shall be of nursery stock. They shall be of symmetrical growth, free of insects, pests and disease, suitable for street use and in conformity with the standards of the American Association of Nurserymen.
The minimum caliper measured at a height of six inches above the finished grade level shall be 2 1/2 inches.
Acer saccharum columnaris: columnar sugar maple.
Acer rubra columnaris: columnar red maple.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata: green ash.
Gleditsia tricanthos inermis: moraine locust.
Phellodendron amurense: Amur cork tree.
Plantanus acerifolia: London plane tree.
Prunus kwansan: kwansan cherry (upright form).
Pyrus calleryana bradford: Bradford pear.
Upon the approval of the Board of Commissioners, other species may be utilized.
Editor's Note: See also Ch. 263, Trees.
Interior crosswalks may be required whenever necessary to facilitate pedestrian circulation and to give access to community facilities in blocks of over 1,000 feet in length.
Such crosswalks shall have an easement width of not less than 20 feet and a paved walk of not less than four feet. They shall be clearly marked by bollards, paving material, signing, lights or similar provisions to ensure their visibility to motorists.
Approval of the preliminary plan must be obtained for the entire proposed development. Final approval may be obtained section by section, but such sections shall be specified on the preliminary plan and must be numbered in the proposed order that they are to be developed. Such order of development must be adhered to, and if changes are required, plans must be resubmitted and processed pursuant to Article III.
Attached-dwelling types should incorporate varied designs, architectural modes and setbacks.
Access to the dwellings and circulation between buildings and other important project facilities for vehicular and pedestrian traffic shall be comfortable and convenient for the occupants.
Access and circulation for fire-fighting and other emergency equipment, moving vans, fuel trucks, garbage collection, deliveries and snow removal shall be planned for efficient operation and convenience.
Walking distance from the main entrance of a building or single-family dwelling unit to a parking area shall be less than 100 feet. Exceptions to this standard shall be reasonably justified by compensating advantages, such as desirable views and site preservation through adaption to topography. In no case shall the distance exceed 250 feet.
Grading shall be designed for buildings, lawns, paved areas and other facilities to assure adequate surface drainage, safe and convenient access to and around the buildings, screening of parking and other service areas and conservation of desirable existing vegetation and natural ground forms.
Grading around buildings shall be designated to be in harmony with natural topography.
Driveways shall be provided on the site where necessary for convenient access to dwelling units, garage compounds, parking areas, service entrances of buildings, collection of refuse and all other necessary services. Driveways shall enter public streets at safe locations.
Driveways shall be planned for convenient circulation, suitable for traffic needs and safety.
All driveways shall be paved and constructed in accordance with Township standards.
Outdoor collection stations shall be provided for garbage and trash removal when individual collection is not made and indoor storage is not provided.
Collection stations shall be located so as to be separated adequately from habitable buildings to avoid being offensive, but at the same time be convenient for both collectors and residents and shall be adequately screened and landscaped.
If public collection is anticipated, the containers and the placement thereof shall be subject to the approval of the Township Engineer.
Planting. The appeal and character of the site shall be preserved and enhanced by retaining and protecting existing trees and desirable topographic features. Additional plant material shall be added for privacy, shade, beauty of buildings and grounds and to screen out objectionable features.
All regulations in § 255-40 shall apply unless otherwise expressly superseded in this section.
Plant material shall be added if it adds privacy, shade, or beauty to the buildings and grounds where possible, but not required as to force a setback or yard in a lot.
Perpendicular and angle parking may be permitted along public streets.
Parking and driveway design shall allow vehicles to back out of a lot on to a local street.
Buildings in this district developed for town center residential use will be exempt from buffer, screen and setback requirements.
Shade trees shall only be required when that they are physically possible within the lot and whose placement shall comply with § 255-38.
Encroachment on or above the second floor of a structure shall be allowed over the public right-of-way so long as it does not project more than 36 inches into the right-of-way. An encroachment shall not present a hazard to public safety as determined by the Township Engineer.
The platting of individual lots for nonresidential uses shall be avoided in favor of a comprehensive design of the land to be used for such purposes.
Additional width of streets adjacent to areas proposed for nonresidential use may be required as deemed necessary by the Board of Commissioners to assure the free flow of through traffic from vehicles entering or leaving parking and loading areas.
When two adjacent lots proposed for nonresidential uses front on an arterial or major collector street, the applicant may be required to provide common ingress and egress as well as common parking facilities. When three or more adjacent lots are proposed for nonresidential uses, the applicant may be required to provide a service road for common ingress and egress.
Alleys or service streets shall be required in commercial and industrial land developments, except where adequate provisions are made for off-street loading.
Dead-end alleys shall be avoided; but where this proves impossible, they shall be terminated with a paved turnaround of adequate dimensions as approved by the Board of Commissioners.
Streets shall not be connected to local streets intended for predominantly residential traffic.
Parking areas shall be located and designed in such a manner that they are visibly secluded from eye level in the surrounding area. Grading to depress the parking area, raised berms, landscaping or fencing are satisfactory methods to create such seclusion.
Outdoor collection stations shall be provided for garbage and trash removal when indoor collection is not provided. Collection stations shall be screened from view and landscaped.
Buffer screens are required between subdivisions and land developments and along existing streets to soften visual impact, to screen glare and to create a visual barrier between conflicting land uses. The extent of screening required shall be determined by the type of use proposed and the adjacent uses or streets surrounding the proposed development. The impact of the proposed use on adjoining properties is the basis for establishing buffer screen standards.
Step 1: site analysis and determination of buffer screen class. For each property boundary, the applicant shall determine the adjacent land use or street classification for each property boundary. The letter indicates the buffer yard class.
Editor's Note: Table 1: Determination of Buffer Yard Class is included at the end of this chapter.
Step 2: selection of the planting option for the buffer screen class. After determining the buffer screening class, the applicant shall select a planting option from Table 2. For each buffer screening class, several planting options are available, one of which the applicant shall select to meet the buffer screens requirement for each boundary. The Board of Commissioners may permit an alternative planting option which shall have a screening capability equal to or greater than any of the available options.
The options below indicate the amount of plant material that is required per linear foot of property line. Unless stated below, plantings are required to be aligned on property or right-of-way boundaries but may be sited on any portion of the property for buffering, if permitted by the Board of Commissioners. Plant materials shall be so arranged to allow for proper growth and to provide the buffering intended herein. All buffers shall have a minimum width of 10 feet, unless otherwise specified in Chapter 280, Zoning.
Step 3: selection of plant materials from the plant materials list. Each planting option may utilize any of the plant materials outlined in Appendix A. Minimum plant size given either in height or in caliper is indicated on this table. The Board of Commissioners may permit other planting types if they are hardy to the area, are not subject to blight or disease and are of the same general character and growth habit as those listed in Appendix A. All planting material shall meet the standards of the American Association of Nurserymen. The applicant shall not be required to provide buffer screens should existing planting, topography or man-made structures on the subject property be deemed acceptable for screening purposes by the Board of Commissioners.
Editor's Note: Said appendix is located at the end of this chapter.
Recreation areas shall be readily accessible to all development residents or, in the case of recreation areas dedicated to the Township, shall be easily and safely accessible to the general public. At least one side of the recreation area shall abut a street for a minimum distance of 50 feet for access of emergency and maintenance vehicles.
Recreation areas shall have a suitable topography, drainage and soils for use and development of recreational activities.
When active recreation activities are proposed, which entail the construction and installation of equipment or playing surfaces, a Class B type buffer, as described in § 255-42, shall be provided when such activities abut residential uses.
Recreational areas shall not be traversed by streets or utility easements unless said utilities are placed underground and no part of them or their supportive equipment protrudes above ground level.
The shape shall be suitable to accommodate those recreation and open-space activities appropriate to the location and needs of future residents.
Lawn: a grass area with or without trees which may be used by the residents for a variety of purposes and which shall be mowed regularly to ensure a neat and tidy appearance.
Natural area: an area of natural vegetation undisturbed during construction or replanted. Such areas may contain pathways. Meadows shall be maintained as such and not let to become weed-infested. Maintenance may be minimal, but shall prevent the proliferation of weeds and undesirable plants, such as honeysuckle and poison ivy.Litter, dead trees and brush shall be removed, and streams shall be kept in free-flowing condition.
Recreation area: an area designated for a specific recreation use, including but not limited to tennis, swimming, shuffleboard, playfield and tot lot. Such areas shall be maintained so as to avoid creating a hazard or nuisance and shall perpetuate the proposed use.
Conveyance and maintenance of open space.
Dedication in fee-simple to the Township of Radnor. The Township may, but shall not be required to, accept any portion or portions of the open space, provided that such land is freely accessible to and of benefit to the general public of Radnor Township, there are no acquisition costs involved and the Township agrees to and has access to maintain such land; and it must be acceptable with regard to size, shape, location and improvement.
By conveying title (including beneficial ownership) to a corporation, association, funded community trust, condominium or other legal entity.
The continued use of such land for the intended purpose.
Continuity of proper maintenance for those portions of the open space requiring maintenance.
The availability of funds required for such maintenance.
Provisions for payment of applicable taxes.
Recovery for loss sustained by casualty, condemnation or otherwise.
Such other covenants and/or easements that the Township shall deem desirable to fulfill the purposes and intent of these regulations.
It must be set up before any homes or dwelling units are sold or leased or otherwise conveyed.
Membership must be mandatory for each buyer and/or lessee and any successive buyer and/or lessee.
It must be responsible for liability, insurance, taxes, recovery for loss sustained by casualty, condemnation or otherwise and the maintenance of recreational and other facilities.
Members or beneficiaries must pay their pro rata share of the costs, and the assessment levied can become a lien on the property.
It must be able to adjust the assessment to meet future conditions.
Such corporation or association shall not be dissolved nor shall it dispose of the open space, by sale or otherwise, except to an organization conceived and established to own and maintain the open space. The corporation or association must first offer to dedicate the open space to the Township before any such sale or disposition of the open space.
The dedication of open space, streets or other lands in common ownership of the corporation, association or other legal entity or the Township shall be absolute and not subject to reversion for possible future use for further development.
All documents pertaining to the conveyance and maintenance of the open space shall meet the approval of the Solicitor as to legal form and effect and to the Board of Commissioners as to suitability for the proposed use of the open space.
Insure adequate park and recreational areas and facilities to serve the future residents of the Township.
Maintain compliance with recreational standards as recommended by the Radnor Township Comprehensive Plan, and Radnor Township Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan of 1991, or as may be amended.
Allow for orderly acquisition and development of park and recreation areas needed to serve new residents.
Ensure that dedicated park and recreation land is suitable for the intended use.
Park and recreational land dedication requirements.
For all residential subdivisions or land developments involving a total of four or more lots and/or dwelling units, a minimum of 1,440 square feet of suitable park and recreation land shall be provided per dwelling unit within such subdivision/land development, unless the developer agrees to a fee in lieu of $3,307 per dwelling unit (existing or proposed).
For all nonresidential or institutional subdivisions and/or land developments involving more than 5,000 square feet of floor area, the amount of land to be dedicated for park and recreational area shall be 2,500 square feet per 6,400 square feet of floor area (existing or proposed), or portion thereof, unless the developer agrees to a fee in lieu of $3,307 per 6,400 square feet of floor area (existing or proposed).
For the purpose of this section, "floor area" is defined as the sum of all horizontal floor area(s) of a building or group of buildings on a lot, measured from the exterior faces of the building or from the center line of party walls separating two buildings.
This recreation land dedication requirement shall in no way diminish, supersede, or be satisfied by any other requirement for recreation lands, open space, or buffers set forth in this chapter or any other chapter of the Township Code, including, but not limited to, Chapter 280, the Township Zoning Ordinance.
Criteria for location and suitability of park and recreation land dedication.
The Radnor Township Planning Commission and Park and Recreation Board will advise the Board of Commissioners on land offered for dedication for park and recreational purposes.
The intended use must meet the goals and objectives as outlined in the Radnor Township Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan of 1991, or as may be amended.
Site(s) should be easily and safely accessible, have good ingress and egress and have access to a public road or to a road to be dedicated as a public road, or to a road which the residents of the development in which the site is located can use to reach the park and recreation site.
Site(s) should have suitable topography for the development as a particular type of active or passive recreation area. Suitability shall be determined upon recommendation by the Township Engineer and shall be judged on the basis of the type of recreation area proposed.
Size and shape of the site(s) should be suitable for the development as a recreation area. The configuration of the recreation area must be able to accommodate recreation activities proposed by the development plans. The required area shall not include narrow or irregular pieces which are remnants from lotting or left over after street and parking areas have been laid out.
Site(s) should meet the minimum size with respect to usable acreage as recommended by the Radnor Township Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan of 1991 for Radnor Township.
Sites designated for active recreation land shall not contain lands with natural resource restrictions, as defined by the Township Zoning Ordinance, stormwater detention facilities, or lands designated for any other purpose. Site(s) designated for passive recreation may contain lands with natural resource restrictions, provided that the site(s) can be used by residents of the Township for passive recreational activities.
Editor's Note: See Ch. 280, Zoning.
The recreational activities and/or facilities for which the area is intended must be specified on the approved record plan.
Recreation areas shall not be traversed by utility easements unless said utilities are placed underground. Recreational areas shall not contain or be traversed by any underground gas pipelines.
On-site improvements on the dedicated park and recreation land shall be commensurate with the adjacent on-site development improvements, including but not limited to, grading, curbing and utilities.
Land shall comply with any other applicable requirements of the Township Zoning and Subdivision/Land Development Ordinances.
Ownership and dedication to the Township.
Retention by the owner of the development, if the dwellings are to be rented, with proper documentation to ensure that the land will be used in perpetuity for park and recreational purposes.
Dedication to a formal homeowners' or condominium association, with such agreement subject to approval of the Board of Commissioners. If any entity responsible for such park and recreation land should dissolve or become inactive or decide that it no longer wishes to be responsible for such land, it shall offer such land at no cost to the Township.
Dedication to a state or county government, or other approved entity.
If the Board of Commissioners deems it to be in the public interest to accept dedicated land for park and recreational purposes, such acceptance shall be by adoption of a resolution of the Board of Commissioners and acceptance of a deed of dedication from the developer.
Park and recreation land shall include deed restrictions to permanently restrict its use for park and recreation and to prohibit the construction of buildings on the land, except buildings for noncommercial recreation or to support maintenance of the land.
The fee for residential subdivisions or land developments shall be $3,307 per dwelling unit (existing or proposed), which is based upon the estimated value of the land that would have to be dedicated for each dwelling unit.
The fee for nonresidential subdivisions or land developments shall be $3,307 per 6,400 square feet of floor area (existing or proposed), or portion thereof, which is based upon the estimated value of the land that would have to be dedicated for that amount of floor area.
Limitations on use of fees.
Any recreation fees collected under this section shall be placed within an interest-bearing Recreation Fee Account which shall function as a capital reserve fund and shall be accounted for separately from other Township funds. The funds may be used for the purpose of providing, acquiring, operating, or maintaining park or recreational facilities reasonably accessible to the contributing development.
The amount and location of land to be dedicated or the fees to be paid shall bear a reasonable relationship to the use of the park and recreational facilities by future inhabitants of the residential, nonresidential or institutional development or subdivision.
Fees required under this section shall be paid prior to the recording of the applicable final plan or as determined by the Commissioners.
Upon request by the party who paid the fee, the Township shall refund such fee, plus interest accumulated thereon, from the date of payment if the Township has utilized the fee paid for purposes other than as set forth in this section.
The above-listed fees in lieu of dedication may be revised from time to time by separate resolution of the Board of Commissioners.


text:
Home > California > Tulare County
Alpaugh Junior-senior High School
5313 Rd. 39
Alpaugh, CA 93201
www.tcoe.org
Alpaugh Junior-senior High School serves 121 students in grades 7-12.
Alpaugh Junior-senior High School placed in the top 50% of all schools in California for overall test scores (math proficiency is top 30%, and reading proficiency is top 50%) for the 2018-19 school year.
The percentage of students achieving proficiency in math is <50% (which is higher than the California state average of 40%) for the 2018-19 school year. The percentage of students achieving proficiency in reading/language arts is <50% (which is lower than the California state average of 51%) for the 2018-19 school year.
Alpaugh Junior-senior High School ranks among the top 20% of public schools in California for:
Percent Eligible For Free Lunch
Largest percent of students eligible for free lunch (Top 5%)
Lowest student:teacher ratio (Top 5%)
Alpaugh Junior-senior High School's student population of 121 students has stayed relatively flat over five school years.
Alpaugh Junior-senior High School is ranked within the top 50% of all 9,659 schools in California (based off of combined math and reading proficiency testing data) for the 2018-19 school year.
The diversity score of Alpaugh Junior-senior High School is 0.10, which is less than the diversity score at state average of 0.64. The school's diversity has stayed relatively flat over five school years.
Alpaugh Unified School District
The nearest high school to Alpaugh Junior-senior High School is Tule Continuation High School (0.1 miles away)
The nearest middle school is Allensworth Elementary School (5.5 miles away)
The nearest elementary school is Alpaugh Elementary School (0.0 miles away)
Alpaugh Elementary School
Grades: K-6 | 199 students - miles 5313 Rd. 39
Tule Continuation High School
Alternative School
Grades: 10-12 0.1 miles Ave. 52 And Boswell Ave.
Allensworth Elementary School
Grades: K-8 | 82 students 5.5 miles 3320 Young Rd.
Earlimart, CA 93219
Earlimart Community Day
Math: <50% | Reading: <50%
Grades: 4-8 | 6 students 12 miles 599 E. Sutter Ave.
Earlimart Middle School
Grades: 6-8 | 579 students 12 miles 599 S. Sutter St.
See more public schools near to Alpaugh Junior-senior High School
Review Alpaugh Junior-senior High School. Reviews should be a few sentences in length. Please include any comments on:
: ≥80% (Btm 50% in CA)
: Top 50%
: <50% (Top 30%)
Pros and Cons of Sports Competition at the High School Level


text:
Statement on the Religious Discrimination Bills package
By Morgan Carpenter. First posted 10 February 2022 . Last updated 17 May 2022
Read about definitions of intersex
Bodily integrity, and eliminating harmful practices
Genomics and genetic selection
Read about discrimination, and stigma
Identification documents, sex and gender
Intersex Human Rights Australia promotes the health and human right of people with innate variations of sex characteristics. Historically, people with intersex variations have not been subjected to religiously motivated discrimination in the same way as gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people. Intersex variations are innate biological traits. Religious organisations have not argued for the ability to discriminate against people with innate variations in sex characteristics.
We stand in solidarity with LGBTQ people. We stand in solidarity with people with disabilities, with whom we share an experience of medical and social models. We stand in solidarity with people of minority faiths. We note that many people have multiple characteristics and identities, including people with intersex variations who are LGBTQ and people with intersex variations who are religious. No-one should experience stigma and discrimination because of who they are or who they love.
We support the removal of exemptions to the Sex Discrimination Act to end discrimination against students vulnerable to discrimination in religious schools. We oppose key sections of the current Religious Discrimination Bill.
Current discussions about protections for LGBTQI school children offer an important reminder that children with intersex variations are currently protected from discrimination in schools, including in religious schools. People with intersex variations are protected from discrimination by legislation on grounds of sex characteristics or intersex status.
The attribute of intersex status was added to the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 via an amendment in 2013. The same amendment added the attributes of sexual orientation and gender identity to the Act. Unlike sexual orientation and gender identity, section 38 of the Sex Discrimination Act does not permit religious schools to discriminate on the basis of intersex status, sex, breast-feeding or family responsibilities. Unlike sexual orientation, the Fair Work Act offers no protection on grounds of intersex status – and the Commonwealth government rejected reform to provide these protections in 2021.
We call on the Attorney General to stop using our community as an excuse to further delaying vital reforms to protect children.
We urge politicians, media and members of the public to educate themselves about people with intersex variations. Too often we are misunderstood and unhelpfully drawn into debates about issues that do not affect us. We urge the Government to consult with us before speaking out about issues that impact on us.
We urge reform of anti-discrimination law through a Human Rights Act, ensuring that reforms are carefully, holistically considered. We urge the Government and parliament to comprehensively protect our communities from the harm of discrimination.
We urge action on areas of concern that affect us directly, particularly urgent implementation of reforms to protect the human rights of people with innate variations of sex characteristics in medical settings – including legislative reform, oversight and standards, as recommended by the Australian Human Rights Commission in October 2021.
Statement attributable to Morgan Carpenter, executive director.
Links in this statement:
Intersex Human Rights Australia, 2021. Submissions to inquiries on the federal Religious Discrimination Bills package. https://ihra.org.au/39559/submissions-federal-religion-2021/
Morgan Carpenter and OII Australia, 2013. Submission on the Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Bill 2013. https://ihra.org.au/22142/submission-sda-intersex-status/
Intersex Human Rights Australia. 2021. AHRC: Ensure health and bodily integrity for people with intersex variations. https://ihra.org.au/39093/health-bodily-integrity/
This post is in: Faith, Media releases


In Depth Analysis of Bowen, NE Home Insurance Rates to get you a leg up in your negotiations after you get quotes.
Replacement Value of your home in Bowen, NE is the biggest driver of your coverage & home insurance.
Here is a list of Bowen, NE homeowners with differing backgrounds & their changing home insurance.


FAIRTIQ-App - Die einfachste Fahrkarte. Schweizweit.
Planning a boat trip with FAIRTIQ? It's now possible!
Travel easily and spontaneously with FAIRTIQ. You start and stop your journey on the app and that's all. FAIRTIQ takes care of the rest!
You don't have to specify either the starting point of your journey or its final destination - FAIRTIQ automatically optimises the costs for the travelled route. Your ticket is always up-to-date and ready, also during mid-journey ticket inspection.
Traveling has never been so easy. Begin and end your journey in the app - that's it! No more tariff zone chaos.
You will always be charged the lowest price for the route you travelled. If your trip exceeds the price of a day ticket, don't worry, the cheapest day ticket price will be automatically charged. So simple and so fair!
We are 71-year-old car drivers and are now enjoying using public transport, thanks to the FAIRTIQ app.
Congratulations, FAIRTIQ. I am completely thrilled, it is probably the most ingenious development in the field of public transport for decades.
Best possible public transport app at the moment. A monkey after three gin and tonics could operate it. The prices are often cheaper than with VBZ directly. Design is top notch and friendly. What is seldom mentioned but important is that the setup is super easy with no stumbling blocks. And NO, I have no connection to the company.


V33B-2869 The architecture of tholeiitic lava flows in the Neogene flood basalt piles of eastern Iceland: constraints on the mode of emplacement: Óskarsson, B.V. and Riishuus, M.S.
The Outstanding Student Paper Awards are awarded to promote, recognize and reward undergraduate, Master's and PhD students for quality research in the geophysical sciences. It is a great honor for young scientists at the beginning of their careers and the process relies entirely on volunteer judges. Typically the top 3-5% of presenters in each section/focus group are awarded an OSPA.
The award is a recognition of Birgir's dedicated work and excellent presentation skills.


An intensive three-day workshop that is thoughtfully designed to accelerate your progress in discovering what you really want in your career and in your next job. And then, taking this further, we focus on creating and refining what you need to get there.
This includes 2 private 60-minute coaching sessions with Sheila.


Rico Petrocelli; Red Sox All Star and Hall of Famer is one of Boston's most beloved athletes.
Follow along as Petrocelli, the shortstop on the "Impossible Dream" team, recaptures the thrills of that improbable season and shares his views on today's Red Sox.
Since 1953, one thing has remained constant for the Boston Red Sox baseball team — its role as champion for the Jimmy Fund.
The roots of this allegiance extend back to the founding of the Jimmy Fund in 1948, when members of another Boston baseball franchise, the Boston Braves, participated in the national radio broadcast that launched the charity.
On April 10, 1953, Yawkey announced that his team would adopt the Jimmy Fund as its official charity and continue the tradition started by the Braves. The two ball clubs celebrated the occasion by playing a benefit exhibition game for the Jimmy Fund the next day.
The Yawkeys' commitment to the Jimmy Fund over the years made the charity a household name and, more importantly, helped Dana-Farber make unprecedented strides in cancer research and care.
When the Jimmy Fund/Red Sox partnership started in the 1950s, few cancer treatment options were available and most patients with the disease did not survive. Today, with the use of chemotherapy, radiation, vaccines, targeted drugs, and other therapies, half of all patients do. Indeed, these therapies have led to cure rates nearing 90 percent for some forms of childhood cancer.
Baseball Has Been Very Good to Me!


text:
More College Hookups Don't Equal More Sex, Study Shows
Katie Johnson August 14, 2013 6:00AM
Between the advancing technology of sex toys, hookup apps like Tinder, and the HPV epidemic -- one would feel safe assuming that the current generation of young adults is by far the most promiscuous.
But according to a new study, despite the technological advances in sexual bells, whistles, and things to stick up your hoo-ha, such assumptions would be false.
See also: Orgasms Better for Your Brain Than Crossword Puzzles, Study Shows Oral Sex Keeps Women from Cheating, Study Shows
According to a new study presented at the American Sociological Association by the University of Portland, the sexual behavior of modern-day college students is no more prevalent today than it was 25 years ago. The study initially was aimed at questioning the dynamic of hook-up culture and whether or not young college students today live in a "no strings attached" environment.
Using representative data from the General Social Survey of 1,829 of students ages 18 to 25 who had completed at least one year of college, researchers compared reports of sexual activity between the time periods of 1988-1996 and 2002-2010.
Although the study showed signs that sexual behavior had become more casual in recent years (subjects tended to opt for sex with a date or one-night stand rather than a committed partner), the number of sexual encounters and sexual partners per year was no higher than the previous generation. If anything, it was slightly lower.
So it seems that not only were your parents freed from the fear of dying alone or catching a disease from a booze-fueled hookup, they were also getting it on more than you.
Good luck getting that image out of your head.
Follow Jackalope Ranch on Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest.
Contact: Katie Johnson
The Phoenix Idiotarod Is Back for 2022
Sign Saver
Drew Hernandez Makes Animation Magic
By Chris Coplan


text:
HomeSportsSao Paulo GP: Fernando Alonso criticises Esteban Ocon after Alpine team-mates collide...
Sao Paulo GP: Fernando Alonso criticises Esteban Ocon after Alpine team-mates collide in Sprint
Karun Chandhok analyses the clashes between Alpine drivers, Fernando Alonso and Esteban Ocon during the Sprint at the Sao Paulo GP.
Fernando Alonso suggested he was looking forward to his partnership with Alpine team-mate Esteban Ocon "finally" being over after the pair ruined each other's races with a collision in the Sao Paulo Grand Prix Sprint.
Armed with a car that had shown strong pace throughout the weekend and in solid starting positions of sixth (Ocon) and seventh (Alonso), Alpine appeared well placed to strike a further blow against McLaren in the battle for fourth in the constructors' championship.
However, the pair made contact twice on the first lap, and both cars suffered damage that would see Alonso finish 15th and Ocon 18th, with no points and poor starting positions for Sunday's full-length race.
"(It's) far from ideal when you touch on the first lap of the sprint race because it's too short to come back," Alonso said.
"On a positive side, the pace was very good today, close to the leaders actually. P15 we start tomorrow and if we have this pace. We can score points tomorrow."
Esteban Ocon says it's unfortunate for the team that there was a clash between the Alpine drivers, while Fernando Alonso says 'it's one more race' as teammates.
Ocon forced Alonso off track as the Spaniard attempted an overtake around the outside of Turn 4 on the opening lap, which caused him to lose control as he drove over the kerb and suffer a snap that caused the pair to make minor contact.
That was somewhat of a reprieve, but the pair failed to learn their lesson. In the closing stages of the first lap, Alonso once more tried to initiate a pass at the start of the home straight, but apparent confusion saw them make contact once more, with the damage this time more significant, and ultimately causing both to finish outside the points.
The Alpine duo were called to see the stewards after the race, with Alonso ultimately adjudged to have been at fault for the second collision, as he was given a five-second time penalty that dropped him to 18th, and lifted Ocon to 17th.
Check out the key moments from the Sao Paulo Grand Prix Sprint.
Speaking before that decision, Alonso, who is leaving Alpine to join Aston Martin at the end of the season, was critical of his team-mate, as he made reference to earlier incidents in the season.
Asked whether he had spoken to Ocon, Alonso said: "No, not really."
"I don't need to. It's one more race and then it's over finally.
"It was very close to the wall in Jeddah, close to the wall in Budapest, today in Turn 4, now here.
"It's the way these things are. Sometimes it's very competitive inside the team."
Ocon: Alonso will be calm for the race
Ocon, also speaking before the stewards' ruling, played down the incidents, insisting Alonso would have calmed down in time for Sunday's race, if the Spaniard hadn't already.
"It was unfortunate for the team really what happened," Ocon said. "We were in such a good position and we are now at the back with a lot of work to do tomorrow.
A dramatic first lap sees Kevin Magnussen hold onto the lead of the Sprint race at the Sao Paulo Grand Prix.
"So, it is going to be important to work together tomorrow to come back through the field.
"It is unfortunate what happened on lap one. I was trying to attack the McLaren, I took my line into Turn 4 and Fernando came out of nowhere on the outside and we touched.
"From there on, my race was pretty much over.
"I am quite calm. If he isn't, he will be for tomorrow."
Alpine condemn 'unacceptable' online abuse
Later on Saturday evening, Alpine released a statement condemning the online reaction to the incidents between their drivers.
"Whatever happens on track, there is absolutely no excuse for hateful comments, abuse or toxicity to be directed towards our drivers, team members, fans or indeed anybody online," the statement said.
Twitter Due to your consent preferences, you're not able to view this Privacy Options
"Of all of the comments that we received across our social media channels during and after today's Sprint qualifying, we received 882 toxic comments, 162 of which were severely toxic. This is wholly unacceptable.
"What we have seen today is, unfortunately, not an isolated incident. We continue to see hate and discrimination online, and as a team, will not tolerate this.
"We will take action against individuals or groups who produce or disseminate social media posts that contain or encourage online abuse of our drivers, team members, and fans."
Vettel understanding after Stroll's 'naughty' manoeuvre
Alonso and Ocon weren't the only team-mates to clash during Saturday's Sprint, with Aston Martin duo Sebastian Vettel and Lance Stroll also hampering each other.
Vettel, who appeared to be the faster of the Aston Martins, was challenging Stroll for 11th on lap nine when the Canadian forced him onto the grass in the run to Turn 4.
Vettel, who is retiring from F1 at the end of the season, was fortunate to retain control of his car and return to the track, which he did before easing past Stroll soon after.
Lance Stroll forces his Aston Martin teammate Sebastian Vettel onto the grass at the Sao Paulo Grand Prix Sprint race.
"That was naughty driving there from Lance Stroll, that was too much, way too much," Sky Sports F1's Martin Brundle said on commentary at the time.
The stewards agreed, handing Stroll a 10-second time penalty, which would relegate him from 12th to 17th in the final standings, and giving him three penalty points on his licence for dangerous driving.
Despite the stewards clearly ruling in his favour, Vettel, who ultimately finished a place outside the points in ninth, offered a measured assessment of the incident.
"It's obviously split seconds," he said. "I went to the inside and the gap closed and it was really tight and I went off the track, which was difficult to recover from, I was sort of stuck sitting on the plank but fortunately I got back.
"After that we were able to work together, and I was able to use the pace I had in the car.
Sky F1's Ted Kravitz reflects on an exciting Sprint at the Sao Paulo Grand Prix.
"It's a fine line. You're fighting for your spot. Obviously, it's important to defend, on the other hand, it's always trying to weigh up whether you are losing more than you're gaining (by battling).
"Plus we are obviously trying to work together, so I think today in the end we could have done better, both of us, to try to get a better positioning for the team."
The three penalty points given to Stroll takes his current tally to eight, which is only four short of the 12-point limit that would see him incur a one-race ban.
Speaking before the penalty point ruling, the Canadian only offered a limited response when quizzed about the incident.
"I have to look at it again I haven't really seen the video," he said. "So probably I didn't leave enough space."