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You are here: Home / TOPICS / CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION / A BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE ARMENIAN COMMUNITY IN ROMANIA
A BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE ARMENIAN COMMUNITY IN ROMANIA
Mihai Stepan CAZAZIAN
The oldest findings prove the presence of Armenians on the present territory of Romania more precisely in Moldavia, in an inscription on a tombstone in Cetatea-Albă, dated A.D. 967. The Hungarian chroniclers Simon of Kezai and Thuroczi recorded that, under Duke Géza and King Stephen (997-1038), a large number of Armenians settled in the kingdom, together with Poles, Greeks, and Spaniards, and that they were given special privileges and even noble titles.
The Armenians who came from Moldavia were traders, craftsmen and, generally speaking, wealthy people. Due to their privileges and skills in trading, they contributed to Moldavia's prosperity. Historian Nicolae Iorga wrote that: "The Principality of Moldavia was created through trade and the traders collaborated to the creation of the national state in Moldavia. In this way, the Armenians were, so to speak, founding fathers of Moldavia".
In Wallachia (the southern parts of Romania) the Armenians settled a bit later, during the 14th century (they were mentioned between the years 1400 and 1435), in Bucharest, Târgovişte, Piteşti, Craiova, and Giurgiu. After the year 1500, their presence was signalled in the Dobroudja as well.
The most important document that can even be considered a "birth certificate" for the Armenians in this area is the hrisov (the princely edict) dated July 30th, 1401, in which the Moldavian Prince Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Good, 1400-1431) agrees that an Armenian bishop be named head of the church in Suceava, the capital of Moldavia. This original document can be found in the Armenian Episcopal Archives in Lviv (present-day Ukraine). Another document issued by Prince Alexandru cel Bun in 1407 invites Armenians from Poland to settle in Moldavia and thus contribute to the prosperity of the country, and offers them duty and tax exemptions. Due to this document, 700 Armenians settled in Suceava and about 3,000 in other Moldavian burroughs: Iaşi, Botoşani, Dorohoi, Vaslui, Galaţi, and Hotin. During the reign of Ştefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great, 1457-1504), 10,000 more Armenians arrived in Moldavia, their total number reaching as high as 20,000. The Armenian carts left the Moldavian towns, taking cattle, grains, and cheese towards Europe and Asia, and brought back cloths, carpets, silk, embroideries, textiles, and spices. To quote again from Nicolae Iorga: "In those times, there was no Moldavian fair, hence no trade, without Armenians".
In Transylvania, a document signed by King Ladislau IV in 1281 speaks of Terra Armenorum and Monasterium Armenorum, both obviously belonging to the Armenians. A capital event in the existence of the Armenians in Transylvania is the foundation of Armenopolis, near Gherla, in 1700. Armenians had been living there since 1672: with the approval of Emperor Leopold I (1657-1705), they built up this Armenian town, paying the government in Vienna 25,000 guldens in exchange for the imperial permission. Armenopolis was built on a piece of land bought by Armenians, using the project of architect Alexanian. This is how 3,000 Armenians settled down in this town, one of the most important manufacture centres in Transylvania.
The second Armenian city was Elisabetopolis (nowadays Dumbrăveni), inhabited by an Armenian community since 1658. By imperial decree, in 1799, these two Armenian settlements became "free royal cities" and their dwellers, converted to Catholicism by now, due to the action of Bishop Oxendius Vărzărescu, were given the following privileges:
Self-administration, their own courts of law, their own laws. By that time, there were other Armenian communities in Transylvania, e.g. in Frumoasa, Sibiu, Oradea, Bistriţa, Târgu-Secuiesc, or Sfântu Gheorghe, which had, beside the mayor, an Elders' Council, chosen by the inhabitants. The Armenian communities had their own courts of law, that used the First Armenian Code, that of 13th century Măkhitar Gosh.
The Armenians contributed to the development of Transylvania's international trade as well. As Emperor Francis Joseph stated: "Through their commerce, the Armenians are very important to us".
As mentioned above, it was only later that the Armenians settled in the reorganization of their guild. All Romanian provinces had "Armenian companies" that settled the traders' problems and the relationships between the Armenian communities and the Romanian administration.
The Armenians built churches in the most important cities. To mention the most important ones, still standing today: "St. Mary's" church in Botoşani (1350), "St. Mary's" church in Iaşi (1395), "The Holy Cross" church in Suceava (1521), the Zamca Monastery in Suceava (1551), the "Hagigadar" (Fulfilment of Wishes) Monastery in Suceava (1512). There are churches in Roman, Târgu-Ocna, Galaţi, Focşani, Constanţa, and Piteşti. Special mention should be made of the Armenian Cathedral "Archangels Michael and Gabriel" in Bucharest, founded in 1915.
In Transylvania, the Armenian churches are Catholic: "St. Solomon" (1724) and "The Holy Trinity" (1776) in Gherla, as well as those in Frumoasa, Dumbrăveni, and Gheorgheni. The Armenian language is the other element defining the Armenians, beside the churches. From the Armenian spoken by the earliest immigrants, a dialect was born in Moldavia, in which vernacular Polish, Romanian, Turkish, and Tatar words entered, too. This dialect disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century, the language spoken then being that of the tens of thousands of new immigrants who had taken refuge in Romania from Turkey, after the 1915 Genocide against the Armenians.
Armenian was taught in schools founded near the churches and monasteries, like those at Zamca (15th century) and Iaşi (1646). Public schools later appeared in Dumbrăveni (1685), Gherla (1700), Bucharest (1800), and Botoşani (1839).
The first Armenian syllabus, entitled Cheul cetirii literilor mesrobiene ("Key for the reading of Mesrobian lettering") was printed in Iaşi, at the "Albina" Printing House (1847), under the supervision of the Armenian scholar Gheorghe Asachi. Mention should also be made of the Dogma creştinească după credinţa Sfintei Biserici Armeneşti ("Christian Dogma According to the Holy Armenian Church"), printed by the same publishing house. From 1911 on, a collection of books for children entitled Masis was issued in Bucharest; in Frumoasa, under supervision of the clerical scholar Măgârdici Bodurian, an Armenian Encyclopedia was published in 1938.The Armenian historian and orientalist H.Dj. Siruni translated the most important poems by Mihai Eminescu, including the poet's masterpiece Luceafărul ("The Evening Star"), into Armenian.
Unfortunately, the Armenian literature has no famous names that would cross the borders, but names such as Grigore Goilav, Grigore Buicliu, Zareh Bâlbul, or Grigor Covrighian count as most important for the culture of the Armenians living in Romania.
The Armenian press was very prolific. Over the last 100 years, over 30 newspapers and magazines of great importance for the Armenian community were issued. The first Armenian newspaper to be published in the Romanian journalistic milieu was the weekly Aror ("Plough") issued briefly in Galaţi, in 1892. The first Armenian magazine written in Hungarian, entitled Armenia, was published in Gherla between 1887 and 1907, under the supervision of historian Kristoff Szongott. A long series of periodicals followed, in both Armenian and Romanian, before present-day Ararat and Nor Ghiank, edited by the Union of Armenians in Romania. The magazine Ararat is the new series of an interesting periodical (also in Romanian), first published under the supervision of editor-in-chief Vartan Mestugean. Nor Ghiank ("New Life"), a magazine first published in 1950, first on a weekly basis, then monthly, has been issued uninterruptedly ever since.
The list of Armenian personalities from Romania is very long: the Moldavian Princes Garabet Ioan Potcoavă (1592) and Ion Vodă the Armenian (nicknamed "the Terrible", 1572-1574); Petru Vartic, Chancellor of Prince Petru Rareş; Petru Armeanu, a diplomat under the rule of Prince Mihai Viteazu; Manuc-bey Mîrzaian, Prince of Moldo- Wallachia; Vasile Missir, Chairman of the House of Deputies and a member of Parliament from 1901 to 1908; economist and Minister Grigore Trancu-Iaşi; generals Iacob Zadig, Mihail Cerchez, and Hovhannes Czesz, commander of the revolutionary army in Transylvania in 1849; literary critic G. Ibrăileanu, music critic Emanoil Ciomac; art collector and critic Krikor H. Zambaccian; orientalist H.Dj. Siruni; doctor Ana Aslan, member of the Romanian Academy; philosopher Vasile Conta, composers Carol Mikuli, Matei Socor, Mihail Jora; painters Simon Hollosy, Abgar Baltazar, Nutzi Acontz, Hrandt Avakian; cartoonist Cik Damadian; sculptor Ioana Kasargian; philosopher Aram Frenkian; the brothers Jeny, Haig and Arşavir Acterian; parapsychologist Levon Mirahorian a.s.o.
Special mention should be made, among the personalities sprung from the Armenian Community in Romania, of the former Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians Vasken I.
THE UNION OF ARMENIANS IN ROMANIA
The Union of Armenians in Romania was founded on January 25th, 1919, in order to assist the Armenians who had taken refuge in Romania from the Ottoman Empire, after the 1915 Genocide. Grigore Trancu-Iaşi was elected its first President. He was followed by Armenag Manissalian, who devoted his efforts to solving the Armenians' problems, first and foremost by helping 10,000 Armenians obtain Romanian citizenship.
After 1990, the Armenian Community brought to life again the Union of Armenians in Romania, in order to preserve the cultural and spiritual heritage of the Armenians living in this part of the world. The UAR is being represented in Parliament. Between 1990 and 1996, the President of the UAR, Varujan Vosganian, a Doctor in Economics, was elected as a Deputy of the Armenian Community in the Romanian House of Deputies. Following the 1996 elections, the UAR has had a double representation: Varujan Vosganian became a Senator from the Union of Right-Wing Forces and Chairman of the Senate Committee for Budget, Banks and Finances, while preserving his presidency of the Union of Armenians in Romania; Varujan Pambuccian, a reader in Mathematics at the Bucharest University, was elected Deputy of the UAR. In the 2000 elections, the UAR obtained 21,302 votes, three times more than in 1992. Thus, the UAR ranked 23 out of 69 among the political parties and organizations that took part in the elections and no. 4 in the hierarchy of the organizations of ethnic minorities in Romania. Starting with the 2000-2004 legislation, Varujan Pambuccian has also been appointed Chairman of the House of Deputies Committee for High Technology, that he helped found. In the 2004 elections, Varujan Pambuccian won a further deputation for the UAR, while Varujan Vosganian became a Senator for the National Liberal Party, on the lists of the "Justice and Truth" Alliance.
On December 12th 2006 Vosganian was appointed Minister of Economy and Commerce in the government led by Călin Popescu Tariceanu, then after the government reorganization in April 2007, he takes over the portfolio of Minister of Economy and Finance (after the merger between the Ministry of Economy and Commerce and the Ministry of Finance).
From December 2012 to October 2013, Vosganian takes over, for the second time, the portfolio of Minister of Economy in the government led by Victor Ponta.
The Union of Armenians in Romania was continuously represented in the legislative body of the country since 1989. In the Temporary Council of National Unity (from 2nd February to 20th May 1990) UAR was represented by Varujan Vosganian, Sergiu Selian and Nşan Bogdan-Căuş.
At the last legislative elections in the fall of 2012, Varujan Pambuccian was again elected deputy of the Armenian Union in Romania and Mr. Vosganian was elected senator on the lists of the National Liberal Party.
Since 1992, the Deputy of the Union of Armenians in Romania has also held the presidency of the Group of National Minorities (other than Hungarian) in the House of Deputies.
At the sixth National Conference of UAR, held in Bucharest in April 2011, Varujan Vosganian was reelected president. The Steering Committee of UAR includes a number of personalities who have distinguished themselves in various community activities.
The Union of Armenians in Romania has branches in many cities of Romania – Bucharest, Constanţa, Piteşti, Iaşi, Galaţi, Suceava, Botoşani, Bacău, Focşani, Dumbrăveni, Cluj-Napoca, Gherla – and Sunday schools in Bucharest, Constanţa, Cluj-Napoca and Gherla.
Thanks to the work of the Union of Armenians in Romania and its two representatives in the Parliament, senator Varujan Vosganian and deputy Varujan Pambuccian, we can say that the Armenian community in Romania is enjoying a number of rights which gives us a very special position in the Armenian Diaspora. Thus, the Union of Armenians in Romania receives a financial support that is included in the annual budget act. Our periodicals and also the books published under the auspices of Ararat Publishing House are financed by the Romanian state. Our Sunday schools are included in the official school network and the Armenian language teachers are remunerated by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry that also takes care of the publication of the Armenian language manuals.
The Constitution and the electoral law state that the Union of Armenians in Romania has the right to participate in the local and parliamentary elections, managing to obtain every time a deputy mandate. The deputy from UAR is traditionally the president of the Group of National Minorities. On several occasions members of the UAR became prefects and sub-prefects in the counties inhabited by Armenians. The Romanian state provided considerable amounts of money destined for the restoration of our places of worship, as well as for a number of cultural and religious activities. The Armenian priests are remunerated by the state and the head of the Diocese has a diplomatic status.
 Editor-in-chief of Ararat
Filed Under: CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION Tagged With: armenian, brief, community, presentation, Romania


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An introduction to Abingdon Prep
Head's Letters
New Facilities
Independent Reports
Abingdon Prep in Partnership
Introduction and Subjects
Curriculum by Year Group
AP+ alternative to Common Entrance
Provision for the More Able
Homework and Reporting
Activities Timetable
Craft, Design and Technology
Junior Section Life
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Senior Section Life
Visits & Online Booking
More about Abingdon Prep
Assessments and Procedures
Transfer to Abingdon
Parents' Feedback
Weekly Mailings
Open Mornings and Visits
Termly Newsletter
Abingdon Prep School provides a happy, stimulating and positive environment where children enjoy learning and grow in confidence.
Considerable emphasis is placed on the value of pupils developing good working patterns, together with sound organisational skills. In particular children are encouraged to develop self-reliance and a sense of responsibility.
We aim to provide access to a variety of interesting and appropriate activities chosen from a balanced curriculum that help children to think and, especially, to enjoy what they are doing.
"The school is highly successful at meeting its aims of promoting academic excellence and a stimulating curriculum in a nurturing and supportive environment."
ISI Inspection
Information on academic performance during the preceding school year, including the results of any public examinations can be requested by contacting the Headmaster's PA.
Details of individual subjects are provided below and further information on Art and CDT can be found under the Other Half. By clicking on the following links, PDFs of the curriculum and teaching and learning policies are also available to download.
"Pupils benefit from an excellent curriculum and an extensive range of extra-curricular opportunities for all ages."
Our art room is a hive of creativity. Amongst the activities boys enjoy are drawing, painting, printing, sculpture, modelling with clay and learning digital art. We encourage self-expression and we develop self-confidence alongside teaching an appreciation for a range of artists and their work.
As part of the curriculum boys typically have three projects a year, usually cross-curricular and using 2D and 3D media. We also have a very wide range of extremely popular Other Half art clubs where they work with different media such as oils and inks.
Boys in Years 6 to 8 can take part in Saturday workshops which run twice a term. The workshops are taught by a visiting artist and cover a range of media which may include, for example, sculpture, botanical drawing and printmaking.
Boys are proud of their work and there are plenty of opportunities to enter exhibitions and competitions. During Artweeks the Art and CDT departments open their doors to the public with a fantastic display of the boys' work. In 2018, 21 boys saw their work exhibited at Young Art Oxford.
Our artists win many awards from the Ruskin School of Art Prize to the art scholarship at Abingdon school – the latter for the last four consecutive years.
View the art curriculum by year group.
View the Other Half art clubs
CDT is one of the most popular subjects with the boys. It's hands-on and very varied and whether or not you are creative or practical it doesn't matter – CDT is enjoyed by all. When you are next at Abingdon Prep take a look at our CDT room, every child will have work on display – displays spill out into the corridor – and the range of creations is very impressive indeed.
There are textiles, woodwork and plastics in every shape and form from bird boxes, ipod holders and salad spoons to clocks, jitter pens and model power boats (tested in the swimming pool). There are over 20 projects a year for each year group and all based around a particular skill. Boys learn to use hand and power tools confidently and the projects are cross-curricular with, for example, Viking longboat building supporting the history curriculum.
The boys' work can be seen around the school from the design and build of the outside seating for the astro to the suggestion box for boys' ideas.
View the CDT curriculum by year group
View the Other Half CDT clubs
English has a preeminent place in education and in society. A high-quality education in English will teach pupils to write and speak fluently so that they can communicate their ideas and emotions to others. Similarly through their reading and listening, others can communicate with them.
Through reading in particular, pupils have a chance to develop culturally, emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. Literature, especially, plays a key role in such development. Reading also enables pupils both to acquire knowledge and to build on what they already know. All the skills of language are essential to participating fully as a member of society, including their own school community here at Abingdon Prep.
At Abingdon Prep teachers largely follow the aims, principles and Programmes of Study as set down in the National Curriculum (2014), certainly in Key Stages 1 & 2, and for the most part in Key Stage 3 too. However, where pupils are required to learn knowledge or skills beyond the National Curriculum, for example in preparation for external examinations, or because, as a school and Foundation, we deem certain knowledge or skills to be of a higher priority, then the curriculum will be adapted to suit these demands. In all cases the needs of individual pupils will be placed first. At Abingdon Prep we pride ourselves on striving to achieve these principles by setting high expectations and standards of both teaching and learning.
The overarching aim for English in our curriculum is to promote high standards of literacy by equipping pupils with a strong command of the spoken and written word, and to develop their love of literature through widespread reading for enjoyment. In line with this, at Abingdon Prep, teachers will ensure that all pupils:
read easily, fluently and with good understanding
develop the habit of reading widely and often, for both pleasure and information
acquire a wide vocabulary, an understanding of grammar and knowledge of linguistic conventions for reading, writing and spoken language
appreciate our rich and varied literary heritage
write clearly, accurately and coherently, adapting their language and style in and for a range of contexts, purposes and audiences
use discussion in order to learn; they should be able to elaborate and explain clearly their understanding and ideas
are competent in the arts of speaking and listening, making formal presentations, demonstrating to others and participating in debate
At Abingdon Prep, French is taught from Years 1 to 8 as part of the normal school curriculum. This is done for several reasons: firstly, we believe that children enjoy learning to speak another language; secondly, we believe that the earlier a child is exposed to a foreign language, the faster the language in question is acquired; finally, we believe that it is a good idea to introduce a new language to children when they are young as they tend to be less self-conscious about speaking aloud at this stage of their development. It is widely believed that the early acquisition of a foreign language facilitates the learning of other foreign languages later in life.
The aims and objectives of learning a modern foreign language at Abingdon Prep are:
to foster an interest in, and a positive attitude towards learning other languages
to introduce young children to another language in a way that is enjoyable and fun
to make young children aware that language has structure, and that the structure differs from one language to another
to help children develop their awareness of cultural differences in other countries
to develop their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills
to lay the foundations for future study
Subject specialists teach French from Year 1. French is the main modern foreign language that we teach at Abingdon Prep. The curriculum that we follow is based on the guidance given in the National Curriculum, which has been adapted for Key Stage 2, and the Abingdon Prep + syllabus. We teach the children to know and understand how to:
ask and answer questions
use correct pronunciation and intonation
memorise words
interpret meaning
understand basic grammar
use dictionaries (from Year 7 onwards)
work in pairs and groups, and communicate in the other language
look at life in another culture
We base the teaching on the guidance material in the QCA scheme of work for modern foreign languages. We have adapted this to the context of Abingdon Prep School and the abilities of our children.
Geography teaches an understanding of places and environments. Through their work in geography, pupils at Abingdon Prep learn about their local area and compare their life in this area with that in other regions in the United Kingdom and in the rest of the world. They learn how to draw and interpret maps and they develop the skills of research, investigation, analysis and problem solving. A Year 8 field trip to Dorset allows the pupils to see coastal features at first hand. This leads into an extended essay written using the data collected.
Through their growing knowledge and understanding of human geography, pupils gain an appreciation of life in other cultures. Geography teaching also motivates pupils to find out about the physical world and enables them to recognise the importance of sustainable development for the future.
The aims of Geography are to:
enable pupils to gain knowledge and understanding of places in the world
increase pupils' knowledge of other cultures and, in so doing, teach a respect and understanding of what it means to be a positive citizen in a multicultural country
allow pupils to learn graphic skills, including how to use, draw and interpret maps
enable pupils to know and understand environmental problems at a local, regional and global level
encourage in pupils a commitment to sustainable development and an appreciation of what 'global citizenship' means
develop a variety of other skills, including those of enquiry, problem solving, ICT, investigation and how to present their conclusions in the most appropriate way
History has a central place in the curriculum at Abingdon Prep. We want all of our boys to enjoy their History lessons and to develop a real interest in examining the past. We believe that History enables pupils to feel connected to a global community, which enables them to view their lives in a new context.
Lessons are taught in form groups throughout the school, utilising the many skills and experience of form teachers up to Year 5, with subject specialists teaching from Year 6 upwards. We believe that it is vital that lessons are dynamic, engaging and interactive so that pupils enjoy their learning and develop a desire to pursue History beyond the prep school. In order to deliver excellent lessons, it is our aim to find, create and utilise a range of excellent resources that help pupils to develop their understanding and appreciation of world history.
We aim to:
Engage: History lessons should be exciting and dynamic. We try to ensure that our passion for the subject is transmitted to the pupils
Enlighten: History lessons aim to be interesting and relevant to today's world: we aim to highlight the skills pupils are developing; we make links to contemporary events (where appropriate) and encourage pupils to deploy their general knowledge and wider understanding in getting to grips with past times
Empower: in History lessons expectations are high. We expect pupils to become increasingly proactive as they progress through the prep school, taking responsibility for their conduct, their work ethic and the work they submit
Encourage: we want History to be a popular and enjoyable subject for every pupil at Abingdon Prep. To achieve this we encourage creativity, celebrate contribution, and reward independent enquiry
The ability to use Information and Communications Technology (ICT) effectively is an essential life skill in modern society.
At Abingdon Prep we recognise that ICT has the ability to motivate and enthuse pupils, to enable them to work individually, cooperatively and collaboratively, and we plan opportunities for pupils to develop these skills.
We predominantly follow the aims, principles and Programmes of Study from the Computing National Curriculum, using a cross-curricular approach.
The core of computing is computer science, in which pupils are taught the principles of information and computation, how digital systems work, and how to put this knowledge to use through programming.
In line with this, teachers at Abingdon Prep will ensure all pupils:
can understand and apply the fundamental principles and concepts of computer science, including abstraction, logic, algorithms and data representation
can analyse problems in computational terms, and have repeated practical experience of writing computer programs in order to solve such problems
can evaluate and apply information technology, including new or unfamiliar technologies, analytically to solve problems
are responsible, competent, confident and creative users of information and communication technology
Our overarching aim is to ensure that pupils have an appreciation of ICT in the context of everyday life and a fundamental understanding of how to behave safely and participate responsibly in our digital world.
The ICT curriculum is delivered via a range of resources including fixed computers in an ICT suite and in classrooms, as well as banks of mobile devices, such as iPads, in various departments around the school.
In addition, pupils have multiple opportunities to explore and enhance their digital skills through our extensive range of extra-curricular activities including coding, animation and robotics clubs.
At Abingdon Prep, Latin is taught to Years 6, 7 and 8 as part of the school curriculum, with the exception of pupils who follow the Core Skills curriculum. We believe that Latin is a rigorous but enjoyable subject that encourages children to think about the origins and structure of language and has a strong historical context to which pupils can relate. In Years 7 and 8 pupils are set according to their prior progress and potential.
The aims and objectives of learning Latin at Abingdon Prep are to:
introduce pupils to a classical language in a way that is enjoyable and fun
make pupils aware that language has structure, and that the structure differs from one language to another
help children develop their awareness of cultural differences through looking at life in the Classical world
lay the foundations for future study of Latin at secondary school
The curriculum that we follow is based on the Cambridge Latin Course, of which we complete about 8 stages per academic year, during which pupils are encouraged to:
learn Latin vocabulary
understand the grammatical structure of sentences
look at life in an ancient culture
identify similarities and differences between Latin, English and other languages which they are studying
We base the teaching on the guidance material in the Cambridge Latin Course which we adapt to the context of Abingdon Prep and the abilities of our children. We use a variety of techniques to encourage the children to have an active engagement in Latin. To encourage the children to realise that Latin is not just an academic exercise, various activities and trips are undertaken. For example, currently Year 7 undertake a trip to the Roman bath house in the town of Aquae Sulis (Bath).
Mathematics is a creative and highly interconnected discipline. It equips pupils with a uniquely powerful set of tools to utilise in their day to day experiences. It teaches them how to make sense of the world around us through developing an ability to calculate, to reason and to solve problems. It enables pupils to understand and appreciate relationships and pattern in both number and space in their everyday lives.
At Abingdon Prep, we aim to ensure that pupils develop a confident, positive and enthusiastic attitude towards mathematics. We use a variety of teaching and learning styles to cover the programme of study set down in the National Curriculum (2014) for Key Stage 1, 2 and 3. Our principle aim is to develop a child's fluency, reasoning and problem solving skills in mathematics.
In Years 1 to 5 mathematics is taught by the pupils' form teacher through a daily lesson that has a high proportion of whole-class and group-direct teaching and in Years 6, 7 and 8 the subject is taught by specialist teachers. Throughout practice and consolidation play a central role to mathematical understanding, and problem solving develops a pupil's reasoning.
We aim to further stimulate a child's interest and enthusiasm for the subject in a variety of ways. Periodically we organise whole school mathematics days, providing pupils with interesting mathematical challenges and games to enhance their learning. In addition, the Year 5 and 6 pupils complete the annual Primary Mathematics Challenge organised by the Mathematical Association, while the higher ability pupils in Year 7 and 8 take part in the individual and team Junior Mathematical Challenge run by the UK Mathematical Trust.
In line with all of the above objectives, Abingdon Prep aims to:
promote confidence and competence with numbers and the number system including the development of a repertoire of computational skills
develop strategies to enhance mental arithmetic
develop the ability to solve problems through decision-making and reasoning in a variety of contexts and with increasing complexity and sophistication
develop a practical understanding of the ways in which information is gathered and presented
explore features of shape and space and develop measuring skills in a range of contexts
develop a deeper understanding of mathematics through a process of enquiry and investigation
develop an understanding of the connectivity of patterns and relationships within mathematics
offer pupils the opportunity to answer open ended tasks to help them develop their own mathematical thinking
understand the importance of mathematics in everyday life.
Music is a universal language that embodies one of the highest forms of creativity. A high-quality music education should engage and inspire pupils to develop a love of music and to practise musical skills, so increasing their self-confidence, creativity and personal sense of achievement.
The department aims, through its academic timetable and Other Half activities, to provide opportunities for all to sing and play instruments.
As pupils progress, they will develop a critical engagement with music, allowing them to compose with an awareness of structure and to listen with discrimination to all genres.
Pupils at Abingdon Prep will:
perform, listen to, review and evaluate music across a range of historical periods, genres, styles and traditions, including the works of the great composers and musicians
understand and explore how music is created, produced and communicated, examining the interrelated dimensions of pitch, duration, dynamics, tempo, timbre, texture, structure and appropriate musical notations
create and compose music on their own and with others within recognised musical structures
have the opportunity to learn a musical instrument and to progress to the next level of musical excellence
attempt external music examinations with ABRSM and Trinity exam boards
study music theory
sing in school concerts and musical shows
engage in collaborative projects
We offer a comprehensive programme of music scholarship preparation to those boys wishing to apply for music awards to senior schools.
The Religious Education department at Abingdon Prep has a non-confessional approach to Religious Education and promotes a forum for discussion within the teaching of the subject in a way that welcomes pupils of all backgrounds, both religious and non-religious. Although the department offers pupils the opportunity to learn about and learn from all world religions, there is a leaning towards the Judaeo-Christian tradition.
The department's objectives are to give pupils:
a knowledge and understanding of Christian practice and scripture that is required to be culturally literate in the 21st century
opportunities to identify, investigate and respond to questions raised by religion and the study of scripture
opportunities to consider and debate moral and philosophical issues, taking into consideration religious and other responses
a knowledge and understanding of the five main non-Christian world religions
Purpose of study
A high-quality science education provides the foundations for understanding the world through the specific disciplines of Biology, Chemistry and Physics. Science has changed our lives and is vital to the world's future prosperity, and all pupils should be taught essential aspects of the knowledge, methods, processes and uses of science. Through building up a body of key foundational knowledge and concepts, pupils should be encouraged to recognise the power of rational explanation and develop a sense of excitement and curiosity about natural phenomena. They should be encouraged to understand how science can be used to explain what is occurring, predict how things will behave, analyse causes and evaluate the scientific method.
Abingdon Prep School aims to:
stimulate curiosity, interest in and enjoyment of science
help pupils to use the body of scientific knowledge they have acquired and to further extend their understanding of science
enable pupils to use scientific ideas and models to explain phenomena and events and to understand applications of science
develop an awareness of the impact of developments in technology on the environment and in other contexts
develop experimental and investigative abilities, paying due regard to safe practice (see Working Scientifically)
develop an ability to evaluate and communicate scientific evidence, and understand the importance of experimental evidence in supporting scientific ideas (see Working Scientifically)
develop an awareness of science as a social and cultural activity which has responsibilities, strengths and limitations (see Working Scientifically)
enable pupils to acquire a sound foundation of knowledge and understanding for future studies
Working Scientifically
There are a number of key concepts, skills and processes which pupils need to experience in order to deepen and broaden their understanding of science. These underpin science and how sciences work, and complement the scientific content of the syllabus.
scientific attitudes
experimental skills and investigations
analysis, evaluation and problem solving
Homework and Reporting – Current Parents
Effort and Achievement Grades
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Quietly rigorous academic ethos
Ufton Court Trip
Other Half activities to try
Abingdon Preparatory School
Josca's House
Frilford
OX13 5NX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
IDENTOS expands digital identity market with delegation
IDENTOS Inc.'s Digital Identity Wallet gets closer to supporting all ages with new delegation feature
Toronto, ON – August 10th 2021
IDENTOS ("IDENTOS Inc."), a leader in digital identity and access management, announces information delegation technology, a new product feature, first being implemented in a new health access platform at BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) – now available to all customers.
Today, people have multiple digital identities, or credentials, that are ultimately held by a digital service. In fact, an individual has 100 digital credentials on average and as a result, the online login experience is often fatiguing.
Organizations are realizing that managing identities may not be as valuable as they once believed. It presents ongoing identity and access complexities as organizations look to integrate services and data inside and outside their walls, as well as with key trusted partners. The evolution away from this model has already begun with digital identity wallets, such as the one developed by IDENTOS.
However, dependents such as minors or seniors who need support in understanding how to best manage their digital identity and personal information don't currently have a means to easily or regularly assent or consent to delegate authorization to a trusted guardian to act on their behalf.
As the IDENTOS Digital Identity Wallet matures, the company has recognized the need to accommodate citizens of all ages with delegation.
Why support information delegation?
As part of the TrustSphere project, a new health data access platform at BC Children's Hospital, IDENTOS has already begun using this technology to deliver secure, delegated access to guardians and clinicians — achieving efficient data sharing and improving the care of pediatric patients.
With the identity wallet's new delegation feature, a guardian can easily accept the authority in co-managing their dependents personal information at a granular level. They can also grant or revoke access to sharing data with other services.
Currently, there isn't a robust digital identity product in the market to help solve for delegation of personal information. The most common alternatives take an all-or-nothing approach which may still require manual processing. This is prone to error and can lead to complexity, delay and insecure methods of data transfer. The digital solutions that exist to accommodate consent for data from minors are designed mostly to assess the capacity for consent.
Benefits of information delegation
Patients who are dependants can:
-Share their health information with organizations that are working to improve their health and provide treatment options for care
Healthcare organizations can:
-Ensure patients can get critical and immediate treatment with necessary access to personal information
-Gain access to valuable and relevant health data quickly
-Enable the option for patients and their guardians to consent to donate their clinical data for research
-Adhere with privacy regulations
-Minimize potential personal identifiable information vulnerability leakage
"As the digital health ecosystem matures, we see a growing demand to support a key demographic with delegation and fine grained data access control. The work with TrustSphere and the BCCH is representative of this demographic of critical caregivers who are key to supporting the patient journey and outcomes. As a person who is active in both my children and my aging parents' health journeys, this capability is both timely and powerful."
– Mike Cook, CEO, IDENTOS
IDENTOS' information delegation technology will first be implemented as part of the BC Children's Hospital's diabetes research initiative. This software capability is available as a feature of the Digital Identity Wallet available for any customer to trial and purchase today.
As part of the development of this product, Dr. Yoelit Lipinsky has authored an industry guide to Ethical Design for Mobile Apps, which also outlines pediatric consent and assent. It is available for download here.


Cute ranch with 3 bedrooms and 1 full bathroom. There is a large living room and kitchen. The kitchen has new laminate flooring and newer kitchen door, range & refrigerator. The laundry room is off the kitchen with a new water heater (2017) The large backyard has a shed for storage.
I am interested in 2017 Kathleen Avenue, Evansville, IN 47714.


After the damaged arm heals, there appears to have actually established an extreme back discomfort that made normal tasks such as resting and also relocating about as well tough to do. Apart from the anxiety as well as misery it brings, persistent discomfort can lead to various other significant clinical problems.
Sharp pain is experienced as a straight action to injury or injury which begins unexpectedly as well as lasts for a restricted time period. The discomfort is anticipated to go away as quickly the injury or condition has actually been dealt with. Persistent discomfort, on the various other hand, is discomfort that continues as well as last for numerous moths or perhaps years.
The most usual kinds of persistent discomfort consist of back discomfort, migraines, joint inflammation, cancer cells discomfort, and also neuropathic discomfort, all of are relevant to nerve injury. Wellness treatment specialists constantly see the recognition of the resource of discomfort as the initial action to dealing with persistent discomfort.
Emotional as well as physical results can be ravaging despite the kind of persistent discomfort. An individual's household, future as well as profession might obtain as well as experience messed up. Some individuals would certainly also dedicate self-destruction in order to place an end to persistent discomfort.
Persistent discomfort might takes place for months, years, or weeks as well as might not constantly reply to therapy. Without alleviation, or the wish for alleviation, it can be disabling and also might end up being the specifying consider individuals' lives. They shed the capability to consume, rest, function, and also feature generally.
Discomfort differs from one person to another, hence, therapy is embellished. Supplying as much discomfort alleviation as feasible and also boosting feature is the objective of discomfort administration. Individuals with joint inflammation might succeed with periodic use a non-prescription painkiller, whereas somebody else with joint inflammation might require a prescription painkiller and also routine cardiovascular workout to really feel excellent.
There is even more to therapy for persistent discomfort than medicine. It can likewise entail stress and anxiety alleviation as well as leisure, physical treatment, boosted rest and also nourishment practices.
When persistent discomfort begins to hinder the top quality of one's life, it is time to look for expert assistance. If one is experiencing excruciating side impacts from drugs, an additional factor to look for recommendations from a professional is.
The worry of ending up being addicted to discomfort drugs is constantly the worry of both individuals as well as their medical professionals. "Most types of persistent discomfort reply to non-opioid medicine therapies such as painkiller, which do not have dependency possibility, pain killers, acetaminophen, advil, naproxen, and also various other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines. A mix of various kinds of analgesic medicines at reduced dosages is usually extra reliable than a solitary high-dose medicine.
In some situations, opioids are suggested for discomfort. Taking dosages of opioids to soothe discomfort as recommended is not taken into consideration as medication dependency. On the various other hand, physical dependancy happens when an individual's body adapts to the medication.
Individuals dealing with persistent discomfort require support system in order to manage every one of the problems relating to persistent discomfort such as absence of worry, irritation, exactly how to interact discomfort to your physician, as well as just how to keep relationships with your household. Discomfort might be unpreventable, however experiencing can be "optional.".
Persistent discomfort, on the various other hand, is discomfort that continues and also last for numerous moths or also years.
The most usual kinds of persistent discomfort consist of back discomfort, migraines, joint inflammation, cancer cells discomfort, and also neuropathic discomfort, all of are relevant to nerve injury. Health and wellness treatment specialists constantly see the recognition of the resource of discomfort as the initial action to dealing with persistent discomfort. Individuals with joint inflammation might do well with periodic usage of a non-prescription discomfort reducer, whereas a person else with joint inflammation might require a prescription discomfort reducer and also routine cardiovascular workout to really feel great.
"Most types of persistent discomfort react to non-opioid medication therapies such as discomfort reducers, which do not have dependency possibility, pain killers, acetaminophen, advil, naproxen, as well as various other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines.


text:
Who's Making the Big Bets in Venture Capital? (Guess.)
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THE MAJORITY REPORT: Who's making the big bets in venture capital? A whole lot of white males. A list of 552 venture capitalists from top-flight firms, compiled by The Information and Social+Capital, found that 92% of senior teams are male—and 78% are white. Asians made up the second largest ethnic representation at 20 percent. These results, note Peter Schulz of The Information, "are way worse than the diversity breakdown at major tech companies, where 23% of leadership teams are female and 77% male." Here's the full spreadsheet.
Increasingly, the big names on the list are pumping money into education technology startups. Among the players who chipped in this year: Kleiner Perkins (which led Newsela's $15 million round), Andreessen Horowitz (which participated in AltSchool's $100 million round) and Bessemer Venture Partners (which chipped into $33 million in BrightBytes). There is one education technology fund whose executive makeup does seem to be bucking the white male trend.
By Emily Tate
Educators Don't Agree on What Whole Child Education Means. Here's Why It Matters.
By Rachel Burstein
EdSurge Podcast
Sal Khan: Test Prep Is 'the Last Thing We Want to Be'
By Stephen Noonoo
Pearson Signals Major Shift From Print by Making All Textbook Updates 'Digital First'
By Tony Wan


Let me back up a minute, if "being a Christian" is something you take seriously, you are probably going to THINK about having a conversation with someone about it. AND – you may wonder HOW to have that conversation.
Listen, I have been a Christian my whole life and have also been a thoughtful student of the human art of conversation for years and I find this thing – "sharing my faith" – incredibly hard to do.
But I WANT to – I really want to. I actually believe that meeting Jesus on this side of heaven will make life richer and more joyful and more peaceful than anything else available to us. There is a tenacity and fierceness to God's love through Jesus that holds people firmer in the face of life's struggles than anyone can imagine.
Well, the key is figuring out how to start, how to continue the conversation and eventually, how to let it go.
Statistically, we know that more people are interested in faith conversations than not. If you play the odds, the person you are sitting across from is more-likely wishing you would bring it up.
More people are interested in faith conversations than not. The person you are sitting across from is more-likely wishing you would bring it up.
You should hear yourself saying "What do you think about that?" "How did you come to feel this way?" "What's it like for you when that happens?" Validate. Empathize. Be motivated by a genuine desire to engage. When their story breaks your heart, because real life has a way of doing that, tell them you don't know what to say but politely offer, that when you have been similarly at the very end of yourself, you have prayed about it. Because that is being honest – the last time you had no idea how to fix your broken heart, you prayed – and by offering to do for someone else what you would do for yourself, you are caring for them.
I think about Billy Graham. He stands out in the crowd of humanity as one of the most influential leaders of all time. He knew his truth. His passion for teaching millions came from a deeply personal conviction centred around the resurrection of Jesus Christ and the spiritual reconciliation this offered to the world.
Billy Graham had studied the scriptures to the point that he could not keep this life-saving message of unconditional and super-natural love and acceptance to himself. Out of this conviction, Billy Graham shared his faith.
Reach daily into scripture and apply the words of Jesus and words of the Apostle Paul to your life. You will nurture and ground your soul. God will use you.
Everybody has stuff. Your life is not all together. Life is sometimes hard for everybody. Be appropriately but profoundly honest.
Talk about how your job leaves you dissatisfied, how you struggle to get a good night's sleep, how you are seeing a marriage counselor, how you worry about your kids and your weight and your money.
If you share your thoughts on God in the absolutely false context that your life is perfect, your shared words will fly-fly-away on the next winsome breeze of nothingness because what you have to say about God doesn't really matter anyway. You obviously don't need Him. You have got life figured out on your own. That will be a shame, when all the while you want to communicate that God's redeeming love bolsters you and grounds you.
The truth is that you believe that Jesus died for all the bad, unexplainable anguish and garbage going on in the world and going on in your life. Tell your friend that. They will listen.
You are going to invest in people by sharing your spiritual world-view and undeniably, the truth of what you share has the power to transform.
When people lean into God-conversations, the possibilities for life-change is incredible. You will be offering a peek inside of a heart and mind sold out for God and that is wonderful. This extension of yourself will be a gift that could truly transform your friend's experience of living. Or maybe it won't. Maybe someone will grow to like you but at the same time, will turn you down every time you invite them to church. Maybe it will feel odd when you offer to pray for someone's loss and you will only receive a grateful smile but a guarded expression. This person who now trusts you and cares about you too, will possibly always let you talk about your Christianity but never be influenced to take on those views for themselves. And you know what? That's ok. The potential conviction of knowing their need for a Saviour might happen in their heart but it just as likely, might not. That's not your responsibility. That's not your job. It is a noble and even righteous goal to bring people to Christ but don't make a single person your conversion-project.
When people lean into God-conversations, the possibilities for life-change is incredible. Offering a peek inside of yours.
Let. that. go. And while you do, continue to vulnerably invest and also deepen your own faith. Never stop being "for" your friend and focus on moving past the judgments and assumptions that will threaten your friendship. God has got this.
Relax and enjoy knowing that. Proclaim well.
Today's post is a guest post by Rose Meeder. Not only is Rose a close friend, Rose is a physician, a wife and mother to four, and the host of Intersection, a podcast where she has important, meaningful conversations with people about where real life and faith intersect.
Rose is one of the best I know at having genuine, meaningful conversation in an age when the art of conversation is dying.
last night at our council meeting in a discussion on evangelism, our council president said I don't have the right words to use when talking about Jesus with outsiders. I will share this, at the time I didn't have the right words to say be yourself God will do the rest.
I am renewed by the encouragement to first let the scripture deal with me.I needed that reminder.
Thank you for sharing! These principles are so true and important to remember. What you are describing is what I learned as "relationship evangelism." It's all about building up the caring relationship with the hope of gaining permission to share the life-changing Good News of Jesus Christ. Letting that other person dictate when the discussion goes spiritual is important. We drop the seed, they decide if they want to receive it.
You talked about starting the conversation by listening and asking probing questions. One of the most important things I learned in seminary was how to be an active listener. They taught us the 80/20 rule: listen 80% of the time and talk no more than 20% of the time.
Thank you for pointing out that all we can do is plant the seed. It's up to God to make other things happen. When your conversation partner decides that they do not want to attend church, or pray, or really even talk about God–that's okay. Accepting that decision on their part builds the trust in the relationship. When a crisis hits them, they will be more likely to turn to you and that is often the opportune moment that they will be more open.
Thank you for this. I am currently helping a church get back on its feet, the congregation has been diminished to a fragment of what it once was. So many times leaders think they can advertise or come up with some venue that will attract new members and it very well may but it is the relationship that keeps people together. Look at people as fellow brothers and sisters despite our differences makes all the difference.
Thank you sincerely… very helpful, thoughtful, and bore witness to the right approach.
Beautiful and refreshing. Thank you!


text:
is a railway station on the Ōmura Line in Haenosaki-chō, Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu and is on the Ōmura Line.

This station serves the Huis Ten Bosch theme park after which it is named.

Lines
The station is served by the Ōmura Line and is located 4.7 km from the starting point of the line at . Besides the local services on the line, the Rapid Seaside Liner also stops at the station. The station is the terminus for the JR Kyushu Limited Express Huis Ten Bosch from .

Station layout
The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. The station building is built of brick in a Dutch style to blend with the theme park and is a hashigami structure, built over the platforms and tracks and houses a ticket counter, a waiting area and a shop. A flight of steps and an elevator from the station concourse gives access to the platform below. Platform/track 2 is a through-track and is used by Ōmura Line traffic. Platform/line 1 was also formerly a through-track but has now become a dead-end siding in order to accommodate the installation of an elevator shaft. It is used for trains such as the Huis Ten Bosch limited express which terminates at the station. Of the stations on the Ōmura Line, only the section from  to this station has been electrified to accommodate the Huis Ten Bosch express trains.

Management of the station has been outsourced to the JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of JR Kyushu specialising in station services. It staffs the ticket counter which is equipped with a Midori no Madoguchi facility.

Adjacent stations

History
JR Kyushu opened the station on 10 March 1992 shortly before the opening of the theme park.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 1,638 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 110th  among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.

Surrounding area
Huis Ten Bosch (theme park)
Nagasaki International University
WINS Sasebo

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links
Huis Ten Bosch Station (JR Kyushu)

Railway stations in Japan opened in 1992
Railway stations in Nagasaki Prefecture
Stations of Kyushu Railway Company
Sasebo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1. Chamber: irregular layout with slight widening in the southern section, subterranean, natural burial, 2.35 x 1.18 x 0.95 m.
2. The longitudinal axis is oriented north-southeast.
3. The tomb was covered with large basalt stones.
4. External structure: encircled by basalt cromlech 6.50 m in diameter.
5. The deceased is an adult, the skull was crushed, the head oriented north-west facing west, he was laying on his right side, arms and legs bent, in the southern section of the tomb.
6. Burial goods: five fragmented ceramic vessels.


text:
The Return to Keynes
by Bradley W. Bateman (Editor), Toshiaki Hirai (Editor), Maria Cristina Marcuzzo (Editor)Bradley W. Bateman
Buy Online, Pick up in Store puts Keynesian economics in a fresh perspective in order to assess this surprising new era in economic policy making.
6.12(w) x 9.25(h) x (d)
Bradley W. Bateman is President of Randolph College and was formerly Provost and Professor of Economics at Denison University.
Toshiaki Hirai is Professor of Economics, Sophia University, Tokyo.
Maria Cristina Marcuzzo is Professor of Political Economy, Sapienza University of Rome.
Introduction: The Return to Keynes
Bradley W. Bateman, Toshiaki Hirai and Maria Cristina Marcuzzo
Part I: Keynesian Economic Policy: Past, Present and Future
Keynes Returns to America
Bradley W. Bateman
Japan's Long-run Stagnation and Economic Policies
Yoshiyasu Ono
European Macroeconomic Policy: A Return to Active Stabilization?
Hans-Michael Trautwein
Part II: Interpreting Keynesian Theory and Keynesianism
From the 'Old' to the 'New' Keynesian-Neoclassical Synthesis: An Interpretation
Richard Arena
Tobin's Keynesianism
Robert W. Dimand
The New Neoclassical Synthesis and the Wicksell-Keynes Connection
Mauro Boianovsky and Hans-Michael Trautwein
Part III: Re-reading and Interpreting Keynes
An Abstruse and Mathematical Argument: The Use of Mathematical Reasoning in the General Theory
Roger E. Backhouse
The General Theory: Toward the Concept of Stochastic Macro-equilibrium
Hiroshi Yoshikawa
Keynes's Economics in the Making
Toshiaki Hirai
Keynes, Sraffa and the Latter's "Secret Skepticism"
Heinz D. Kurz
Keynes and the War of Words
Gilles Dostaler
Part IV: Global Crisis: Lessons from Keynes
Keynes and Modern International Finance Theory
Marcello De Cecco
Keynes's Influence on Modern Economics: Some Overlooked Contributions of Keynes's Theory of Finance and Economic Policy
Jan A. Kregel
Current Global Imbalances: Might Keynes Be of Help?
Anna M. Carabelli and Mario A. Cedrini
Craufurd Goodwin
During the 1990s, John Maynard Keynes, and Keynesian economics, were declared to be well and truly dead. Then came the financial and economic crises of 2008 and they were reborn as a way of understanding economies with significant unemployment. This excellent collection of essays, brought together by three prominent scholars of Keynes and Keynesian policy, will be a convenient way for those who have forgotten Keynesian economics to refresh themselves, and for others to learn for the first time.
— Craufurd Goodwin, Duke University
D.E. Moggridge
This fascinating collection of papers addresses the current status and relevance of Keynes from a number of perspectives: the return of macroeconomic policy activism, the state of modern macroeconomics, the recent scholarship of Keynes's life and work, and some elements of Keynes's work that might be relevant to the current crisis. The authors' backgrounds are diverse and their scholarship often cutting-edge. A fine guide to the present state of play.
— D.E. Moggridge, University of Toronto
Yuichi Shionoya
It is a basic truth in the history of economics that great ideas never die. They attain this permanence because they are shaped by both the internal demands of economic theorizing as well as the external realities of the economy. The Return to Keynes, edited by three distinguished scholars, testifies to this truth and demonstrates that doing the history of economics is a part of doing economics well. Keynesian macroeconomic policy as a tool for stabilization is now firmly fixed in the toolbox of economics.
— Yuichi Shionoya, Hitotsubashi University


The lower eyelid area can now be improved dramatically with a combination non-surgical approach. The dark circles under the eyes can be caused by shadowing from volume loss, pigmentation on the surface of the skin, and excess fluid under the skin. The surface of the skin can also show fine lines, wrinkles, and texture irregularities. Advanced techniques have been developed at the offices of Michael Lin, MD to give you incredible results without surgery. Dermal fillers such as Restylane and Volbella are injected into the hollow areas under the eyes to improve the appearance of dark circles, eye bags, and puffiness. A fractionated resurfacing laser smoothes wrinkles, fine lines, and textural imperfections. There is no pain and only topical anesthesia is required. Areas treated may be pink for 1-2 weeks, but can be covered with make-up.
Check out these amazing Before and After Images from one of Dr. Lin's Patients!


text:
Q: axios returns "fullfilled" promise Can someone please tell me why my Axios service function returns this:
The object looks fine in the service function.
Promise {<fulfilled>: {…}}
[[Prototype]]: Promise
[[PromiseState]]: "fulfilled"
[[PromiseResult]]: Object

Here is the call:
  useEffect(() => {
    setData(playlistService.getPlaylists);
  }, []);
  console.log(data);

And the function:
const config = {
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
  },
  withCredentials: true,
};

const getPlaylists = async () => {
  try {
    const res = await axios.get(`${API_SONGS_URL}/`, config);
    console.log('RES ', res);
    return res;
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.response) {
      return error.response.data;
    }
  }
};

A: this could work
useEffect(() => {
    const fetchPlayListAsync = async () => {
        const response = await playlistService.getPlaylists();
        setData(response)
    }
   fetchPlayListAsync()
}, []);

you can add appropriate checks of fetched data

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Acadia Divinity College : News : College News : Honorary Doctorate of Divinity Nominations – Oct 31 2016
Honorary Doctorate of Divinity Nominations – Oct 31 2016
in College News
You are invited to submit for consideration names of those individuals worthy of an Honorary Doctor of Divinity Degree.
Honorary Doctorate Guidelines
An Honorary Doctorate is an honour bestowed by the University and is intended to recognize individuals who have made extraordinary contributions to the academy and/or society and whose accomplishments, leadership, and/or community service are deemed to be extraordinary and thus worthy of honoris causa.
Criteria & Conditions of Eligibility
Acadia University seeks to honour individuals whose contributions or accomplishments are exceptional and reflect an appropriate standard of excellence, consistent with the values and the spirit of the University. The criteria to be considered include:
Recognition as exceptional scholars or leaders in their field.
A demonstrated commitment to Higher Education.
Individuals who are known for their humanitarian leadership.
A significant contribution to the local region.
Exceptional service to the University.
Nominations for an Honorary Doctorate will not normally be considered for an individual who is currently:
a member of federal parliament or provincial legislatures
a member of the Board of Governors
a member of the University faculty and staff
Nominating Procedures
1. Nomination materials should include:
a letter of nomination from the nominator
a brief statement (one-page maximum) explaining why the candidate is worthy of an Honorary Doctorate from Acadia University
an up-to-date curriculum vitae of the nominee
2. Nominations are to be received at the Office of the President of Acadia Divinity College by October 31, 2016.
Eveline DeSchiffart
eveline.deschiffart@acadiau.ca
All nominations will be reviewed, and the Senate of Acadia Divinity College will recommend a nominee to the Acadia University Awards Committee.
Remembering Dr. Tracy vom Hagen (née Demmons)
Announcing New Fellows at Acadia Divinity College


1) If the power plant isn't in operation you'll be scraping bottom in a few spots and Monastery Falls will be approx. Class II.
2) When the power plant is operating, look at the rocks immediately below the confluence of the spillway race and the turbine raceif the tops of several rocks are showing, Monastery Falls will be II+ or III, if only one or two rocks are showing Monastery Falls will be a III+ to IV. Approximate times for power plant operations are 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 3 to 6 p.m. Operations are computer controlled and depend on rainfall upstream.
3) You can also check the Morgan Road Station at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/rt-cg... flows near 400 cfs indicate the power station is releasing water. Several groups on our first day went elsewhere because the plant wasn't running and the operators in town said it wasn't going to be turned on...they had no sooner left when the horn sounded and the water started gushing. On the second day the turbines were started at 4:30 a.m. at full bore. Excellent run!!!
We ran the river with a 17' Old Towne Millenium, a 13' Dagger Cypress and a 13' Prijon creek boat. At moderate flows and above you can expect some decent opportunities for a little play action in the holes that form. You can even do some eddy squirts in the outflow from the power station.
There are a couple short drops that can be easily scouted from your boat before you reach Monastery Falls. As you near Monastery Falls you'll be able to easily hear them before the Monastery comes into view. It would be wise to pull out on the right to scout this series of drops. Don't scout from the left side as you'll be in for a big hassle with the landowner. He isn't partial to paddlers and has an elaborate alarm system. There isn't much room to maneuver in this slot. Ski jump the first drop (it's sticky if you don't), stay in control and have fun.
The last drop is at the take out. This is also a hang-out for locals who enjoy swimming and playing at the beginning of the drop. Pull out on the left to scout it. At lower levels the only choice you have is to follow the river to the right after negotiating the initial ledge. The river then turns back to the left. At higher levels you may be able to run the left chute.
Hopefully when you visit you'll have the same luck we did and be in the water when the power plant starts their release.
There are few facilities in this neck of the woods. We stayed at a campgrounds on the lake at Shawano.
Gresham is approx. 40 mi. east of Wausau. At the southern end of town, take Cherry Rd. to the east. In approx. 1 mile you'll be able to turn north to the power station below the dam. This is the put-in. To get to the first take-out continue north another block or two to Butternut Rd. and go east for approx. 1.5 mi to a dirt road that heads south. This is the first dirt road past the monestary when heading east. Park at the end of the road.


text:
Q: grunt skip script on deployment I use less.js to code my css. When I build the project (grunt-server, grunt), the grunt-contrib-less plugin converts the less.js style to my main.css file. I only include this file in my index.html.
This works great for deploying, but for developing not so much. I need to build the project or run "grunt less" to view changes of my css.
I'm guessing there is an easier way of doing this, but i'm new with the grunt en yeoman stuff so I don't know where to look.

A: I recommend using grunt-contrib-watch, together with grunt-contrib-less.


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© Devaprasad pllc. This web site contains attorney advertising. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.


text:
Nimbus (Mauro Takeda Hiromashi Fagundes) é um personagem da Turma da Mônica. Foi criado em 1994 por Mauricio de Sousa, inspirado em seu filho Mauro Takeda. Aparece ocasionalmente nas histórias. Nimbus, é o irmão de Do Contra. Nimbus, assim como Cascão, também tem medo de trovões, mas ao mesmo tempo nutre interesse por meteorologia, o que também foi inspirado em Mauro.

Uma das habilidades especiais de Nimbus é que ele sabe fazer mágicas.

Nimbus aparece nas histórias com um cabelo grande, camiseta laranja , com quadradinhos, calção, e tênis branco, com cadarço e parte de baixo azul-escuras. É menor, e mais gordo que seu irmão, o Do Contra.

Personagens da Turma da Mônica
Tritagonistas
Personagens da Turma da Mônica baseados em pessoas reais


text:
Hannaford amps up plant-based offerings, enjoys triple digit growth in fresh plant-based meat
07-Aug-2020 - Last updated on 10-Aug-2020 at 14:48 GMT
"Our plant-based business is up significantly year over year in fresh meat..." (picture: Hannaford)
Related tags: plant-based meat, Hannaford
Hannaford has significantly expanded distribution of plant-based items across the store, adding signage to make it easier for shoppers to identify plant-based products, and introduced long-term price promotions and marketing efforts including digital offers with unusually high redemption rates as part of an ongoing collaboration with the Plant Based Foods Association.
A key element of the strategy has been the construction of dedicated plant-based meat segments within the fresh meat case at the retailer, which operates 184 stores in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Vermont.
"We are looking to add more real estate to plant-based meat in our frozen meat sets for the fall, but the powerful growth has been in fresh plant-based meat," Norm Daigle, director of meat and seafood category management, pricing and merchandising, told FoodNavigator-USA.
"Our plant-based business is up significantly year over year in fresh meat, well into triple-digit growth, and the space has been very productive.
"But conventional meat is still growing - chicken more than pork and beef - so the macro data would not suggest that plant-based has stolen or cannibalized business from the rest of the meat case; we're also seeing conventional meat in the baskets of consumers buying plant-based meats."
'Price does not seem to be in the hierarchy of filtering for a lot of consumers in this category'
While fresh plant-based meat items are typically priced at a significant premium to their conventional counterparts, this does not seem to have deterred shoppers, he said. "Price does not seem to be in the hierarchy of filtering for a lot of consumers in this category. You can purchase a conventional dinner sausage for $2.49/lb or you can purchase plant-based suages for $5.99 or $6.99 and a number of consumers will buy both."
He added: "We started trialing Beyond Meat products in the fresh meat case over a year ago and for a while we had around half a dozen plant-based items in there, and then we took a pretty bold leap forward and decided to create a destination for close to 30 SKUs in two-to-four-feet wide sections across our stores. Normally we'd pilot something in a small number of stores, but we went big bang as we were so confident that we were onto something.
"Now we've got brands in there including Beyond Meat, Smithfield (Pure Farmland), Nestlé [Sweet Earth], and Lightlife. We've relatively recently brought in private label items to the assortment – so our Nature's Promise patty is the only organic item in the plant-based fresh meat case - and we've just brought in Impossible Foods.
"We accompanied this with marketing and promotional activities, plant-based recipes and culinary ideas in our Fresh magazine and suppliers also started to promote in the magazine and in weekly fliers. We also had some of them participate with our online loyalty app."
'Extremely high redemption rates'
Bill Puza, category manager, beef, lamb and veal, added: "When we've had promotions on plant-based products on the Hannaford Rewards app we got extremely high redemption rates for the coupons; the returns for the investments made by the suppliers were some of the best we've recorded in the company."
Instore navigation, signage
More work is also in progress to help shoppers find plant-based items in any given category via consistent signage, said Daigle.
"We've got a large body of work underway to develop common marketing elements for plant-based across the store and that will yield plant-based signage, strips for shelf moldings, blade signs and possibly bibs to the unit price tags that will have a similar look and feel, and that should be in place for us this fall."
Growth opportunities in plant-based meat
So where are the growth opportunities in plant-based, and what kinds of products is Hannaford looking for?
"Real estate in the fresh meat case must be very very productive," said Puza, who said Nestlé's Sweet Earth Mindful Chik'n product had been particularly successful.
"We want to make sure that the items we offer are not just duplicates of one another, so we're looking for more unique flavor profiles, different formats, added ingredients, different preparation methods. Space is very valuable so we don't want to bring something in that's great for a week or two and settles to nothingness, although we try to be respectful of the investment these suppliers have put in."
Plant-based dairy
In plant-based dairy, meanwhile, Hannaford now has north of 100 plant-based items, including a small but growing number of private label products including Nature's Promise aged cashew cheese, almondmilk, almondmilk yogurt alternatives and frozen desserts made from oatmilk, cashewmilk and coconutmilk, said Paul Provo, assistant category manager, dairy.
"I've got around 10-12 items in my plant-based cheese assortment, and we're seeing double digit growth, so we're on a little bit of a journey to understand the segment a bit better right now. It's not as developed as plant-based milk, but a lot of plant-based cheese producers are reformulating and redeveloping and expanding into different segments, and we're seeing more consumer trial. We've just brought in Miyoko's oatmilk butter this past April as well."
He added: "We're committed to making plant-based dairy items easier to find for consumers through merchandising and signage but we're also working with some of our partners at IRI to get a better understanding of our stores and how well they index in certain segments of plant-based dairy."
Plant-based seafood
Seafood is a tougher nut to crack for plant-based products, said Daigle. "In the Northeast, for an organization that offers fresh Gulf of Maine seafood delivered to stores every day it's tough, but we're open to it."
PBFA: Virtual meetings
As for the collaboration with the Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA), he said, in addition to educational sessions conducted by the PBFA at Hannaford's HQ office in Portland Maine, the PBFA has also introduced several of its members to Hannaford for virtual meetings in recent weeks.
"They have facilitated connections for us with suppliers and we've had lunch n' learns for category teams where [PBFA senior director, retail partnerships] Julie [Emmett] has come in and presented to us in partnership with IRI, so it's not a one and done, it's a connection that remains and has been I think mutually beneficial."
Interested in how/whether the plant-based meat/dairy trend relates to kids?
Tune into our FREE 'kids and the plant-based trend' webinar on October 28, the second session in our FOOD FOR KIDS virtual series in the fall, featuring speakers from Tofurky, Ripple Foods, Crafty Counter, Rebellyous Foods and the Good Food Institute (learn more about all the speakers here).
Plant-based meat sales increase 23% when placed in meat department, study finds
Cookout Classic: Beyond Meat frozen value packs drive sales surge in tail end of Q2
The Impossible Burger hits Walmart stores nationwide: 'We have to be available everywhere people shop for meat'
The Better Meat Co. closes $8.1m seed round as hybrid trend combining animal- and plant-based proteins gathers pace
Mintel consumer survey highlights opportunities and challenges for plant-based meat
SHIFT20: How are consumers thinking about plant-based eating? Mattson unveils new survey data
Meati Foods gears up for DTC launch of fungi-based steaks: 'We're creating a whole new category'
To boldly go…? Daring Foods punches above its weight in plant-based chicken with ultra-short ingredients list
Pea protein + chickpea flour = the next generation of plant-based meat... minus methyl cellulose, says Nutriati
Miyoko's fires back at State of California over plant-based butter labels: 'We're operating under a cloud of fear'
Hooray Foods takes its allergy-friendly plant-based bacon to the retail market
New technology could improve, taste, texture, nutrition of plant-based meat and dairy, claims Motif FoodWorks
Related topics: Markets
Eclipse Foods moves into retail, raises $12m Series A: 'We're following the Beyond Meat playbook'
LIVEKINDLY Collective raises $135m gearing up for 2021 US launch of plant-based portfolio
Hooray Foods to debut plant-based bacon at seven regions of Whole Foods
Sophie's Kitchen heads to Walmart as plant-based seafood seeks mainstream positioning


In this manufacturer close up, we speak to Helen Lynn, commercial manager at Finedale Foods.
Finedale Foods bought the Frank Dale brand in March 2017 after it entered liquidation, saving around 50 jobs in the process.
Nearly 18 months in, Helen and the team have stabilised the business and are on course to increase turnover in line with their growth strategy.
Frank Dale, the main brand of Finedale Foods, specialises in premium party food including quiches and canapé, and is well-known in the foodservice industry.
We employ 45 people and have a £3.7m turnover. Our factory is based in Norfolk and is quite a complex set up due to the variety of products we manufacture. We have 70 different products, many with multiple varieties per pack, ranging from large and mini quiches, mini meat pies, frittatas, and bite-size desserts such as black forest gateaux.
We focus on foodservice and our customers include large retailers, airlines, national as well as regional wholesalers and cash & carries.
Why did you get involved in Finedale?
I joined because I wanted to help turn a failing company into something really successful using my skills and expertise.
I have 23 years' experience in the food industry, including 15 years at Premier Foods. My knowledge is wide-ranging, following stints in commercial, marketing, and research and development departments.
I'm very passionate about food and the prospect of working in a new environment with premium products was also very appealing.
The first 12 months was all about stabilising the business, which we achieved. In that period we strengthened the structure and operations and maintained sales levels.
In the next 12 months we are seeking to grow turnover by 10 per cent on the Frank Dale brand.
What product changes have you made?
We have very high standards for our products. If I'm not happy to take it home to my family, we won't sell it.
For example, we are re-launching our 11-inch quiche range. It was a 20-year-old recipe and it didn't live up to what the brand promised.
We changed the recipes to use more premium ingredients, so they now use free-range eggs, fresh milk, and fresh vegetables. Each variety can be determined by looking at it. The range will include Quiche Lorraine, topped with bacon and cheese, Mexican Salsa topped with tomato and peppers, Broccoli and Stilton, and Brie with Sun-dried tomato, topped with sliced Brie.
We have an ongoing investment strategy to continue to improve the way we operate and to future proof against planned growth.
For example, pastry is at the heart of what we do, so we installed temperature control systems where the pastry is made to help ensure a consistent quality.
In addition, we have installed a new blast freezer and increased the capacity of our freezer warehouse.
What benefits has Erudus provided?
We manufacture close to 70 products using a range of ingredients including eggs, milk, meat, fish, vegetables, and cheese.
Having the ability to update our customers with the click of a button is fantastic. More importantly, it means each customer has accurate information to pass on to the end user.
Not having spreadsheets and documents to manually fill in means our team can tackle business challenges linked to growth and sales, which is much more rewarding for all involved.


There are more fallacies surrounding marijuana than there are terminologies for it. Users believe it is a harmless herb and profess that it should be legalized. However, marijuana is a detrimental drug with adverse side effects.
We are a trinity of mind, body and spirit each and every one of those faculties is absolutely necessary to sanity and functionality. Marijuana is known to have merely a psychological dependence, but that is a deceptive fallacy – Read all the side effects.
Because Marijuana is romanticized as a safe way of relaxing, many addicts don't realize that it is the gateway to other narcotics … a foot in the door to a life of dependency!
To clarify a few facts: mixing or replacing one drug for another cannot sustain you. You may challenge and cheat the system, but you are only swindling yourself, because your charade is transparent. Dealers often wish for the monopoly of the drug trade, using tactics of adding traces of harder drugs into Marijuana and more easily into hashish because its consistency is already sticky: conjuring up a potion to lure an innocent marijuana user to support only them. The addict thinks this dealer peddles a special product when in fact they have consumed traces of highly addictive and hazardous narcotics as supplements to what they thought was just an herb. Marijuana not only makes you dumber the longer you use it, but it also leaves its signature on your face to the extent that it leaves you with the expression of a Neanderthal.
Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States. A dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves of the plant Cannabis sativa, it usually is smoked as a cigarette (joint, nail), or in a pipe (bong). It also is smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, often in combination with another drug. It might also be mixed in food or brewed as a tea. As a more concentrated, resinous form it is called hashish and, as a sticky black liquid, hash oil. Marijuana smoke has a pungent and distinctive, usually sweet-and-sour odor.
When marijuana is smoked, its effects begin immediately after the drug enters the brain and last from 1 to 3 hours. If marijuana is consumed in food or drink, the short-term effects begin more slowly, usually in 1/2 to 1 hour, and last longer, for as long as 4 hours. Smoking marijuana deposits several times more THC into the blood than does eating or drinking the drug.
Within a few minutes after inhaling marijuana smoke, an individual's heart begins beating more rapidly, the bronchial passages relax and become enlarged, and blood vessels in the eyes expand, making the eyes look red. The heart rate, normally 70 to 80 beats per minute, may increase by 20 to 50 beats per minute or, in some cases, even double. This effect can be greater if other drugs are taken with marijuana.
As THC enters the brain, it causes a user to feel euphoric— or "high"—by acting in the brain's reward system, areas of the brain that respond to stimuli such as food and drink as well as most drugs of abuse. THC activates the reward system in the same way that nearly all drugs of abuse do, by stimulating brain cells to release the chemical dopamine.
A marijuana user may experience pleasant sensations, colors and sounds may seem more intense, and time appears to pass very slowly. The user's mouth feels dry, and he or she may suddenly become very hungry and thirsty. His or her hands may tremble and grow cold. The euphoria passes after awhile, and then the user may feel sleepy or depressed. Occasionally, marijuana use produces anxiety, fear, distrust, or panic.
Someone who smokes marijuana regularly may have many of the same respiratory problems that tobacco smokers do, such as daily cough and phlegm production, more frequent acute chest illnesses, a heightened risk of lung infections, and a greater tendency toward obstructed airways. Cancer of the respiratory tract and lungs may also be promoted by marijuana smoke. Marijuana has the potential to promote cancer of the lungs and other parts of the respiratory tract because marijuana smoke contains 50 percent to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than does tobacco smoke.
Marijuana's damage to short-term memory seems to occur because THC alters the way in which information is processed by the hippocampus, a brain area responsible for memory formation. In one study, researchers compared marijuana smoking and nonsmoking 12th-graders' scores on standardized tests of verbal and mathematical skills. Although all of the students had scored equally well in 4th grade, those who were heavy marijuana smokers, i.e., those who used marijuana seven or more times per week, scored significantly lower in 12th grade than nonsmokers. Another study of 129 college students found that among heavy users of marijuana critical skills related to attention, memory, and learning were significantly impaired, even after they had not used the drug for at least 24 hours.
8-9. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Report Series—Marijuana Abuse, October 2001.
10-14. National Drug Intelligence Center, National Drug Threat Assessment 2006.
21. Supreme Court of The United States, Syllabus: United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative Et Al. (PDF), May 2001.


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Q: VBA counting substrings in a string across a range I have been working on a worksheet in Excel and im trying to get accurate number of sub strings within a string across a range.  Im using columns C and D that have text them im adding the following code to get a number of the occurrences of particular words and total them in column H by using a public function. I cannot get the code to span a range and bring back the answer.  Maybe there is a better way.?
Option Compare Text

Function CountString(FullString As String, PartialString As String) As Integer

Dim cnt As Integer

cnt = 0
For i = 1 To Len(FullString)

If Mid(FullString, i, Len(PartialString)) = PartialString Then

cnt = cnt + 1

End If
Next i

CountString = cnt

End Function

A: A = "CatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDog"
Msgbox UBound(Split(A, "Dog"))

This counts how many times dog appears in the string by using dog as a delimiter then counting how many elements in the array.

edit
Application of technique for OP:
Function CountString(FullString As String, PartialString As String) As Integer
CountString = UBound(Split(FullString, PartialString))
End Function

Edit 2
Set regEx = New RegExp
A="DogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCat"
regEx.Pattern = "dog"
regEx.IgnoreCase = True
regEx.Global = True
Set MyMatches = regEx.Execute(A)
Msgbox MyMatches.Count

This counts the delimiter.
You have .test which returns true/false, .Execute which returns a collections of matches, and .replace which has many uses including replace and extracting parts of files.

A: Instead of your loop, I would use one single statement like
Function CountString(FullString As String, PartialString As String) As Integer
   CountString = (Len(FullString) - Len(Replace(FullString, PartialString, ""))) / Len(PartialString)
End Function

(from here)

A: All the credit for the next code must go to @Mark. But, if on some installations the code returns wrong, please use the next variant:
Function CountString(FullString As String, PartialString As String) As Long
    CountString = UBound(Split(FullString, PartialString))
    If UBound(Split("x", "x")) = 2 Then CountString = CountString - 1
End Function

The way or function using to count total occurrences in a range, would be the next:
Sub countStringsInRange()
   Dim sh As Worksheet, rng As Range, TotCount As Long, cel As Range, strSearch As String

   strSearch = "Dog"
   Set sh = ActiveSheet ' use here your sheet

   Set rng = sh.Range("C8:D8") 'use here whatever range you need
   For Each cel In rng
        TotCount = TotCount + CountString(cel.Value, strSearch)
   Next
   Debug.Print TotCount
End Sub

After editing:
The next function is able to also process arrays (it works for strings, too):
Function CountStringArr(FullString As String, PartialString As Variant) As Long
   Dim El As Variant, iCount As Long
    If IsArray(PartialString) Then
        For Each El In PartialString
            iCount = iCount + UBound(Split(FullString, El))
        Next
        CountStringArr = iCount
    Else
        CountStringArr = UBound(Split(FullString, PartialString))
    End If
End Function

It can be called as in the next example:
Dim x As String
  x = "CatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDogCatDog"
  Debug.Print CountStringArr(x, Array("Dog", "Cat")) 'it returns 20
  Debug.Print CountStringArr(x, "Dog")  'it returns 10

And it can be called from a range in the next way:
    Sub countStringsInRangeBis()
       Dim sh As Worksheet, rng As Range, TotCount As Long, cel As Range, strSearch As Variant

       strSearch = Split("Dog,Cat", ",") 'or Array("Dog", "Cat")
       Set sh = ActiveSheet ' use here your sheet

       Set rng = sh.Range("C8:D8") 'use here whatever range you need
       For Each cel In rng
            TotCount = TotCount + CountStringArr(cel.Value, strSearch)
       Next
       Debug.Print TotCount
    End Sub

A: Count Substrings (In a Range)
Function countString(SourceString As Range, _
                     ByVal SubString As String, _
                     Optional ByVal ignoreCase As Boolean = False) _
         As Long

    Dim Data As Variant, Curr As Variant
    Dim i As Long, j As Long, Result As Long, iCase As Long

    If ignoreCase Then iCase = 1

    Data = SourceString.Value
    If IsArray(Data) Then
        GoSub CaseArray
    Else
        GoSub CaseValue
    End If

    countString = Result

    Exit Function

CaseArray:
    For i = 1 To UBound(Data)
        For j = 1 To UBound(Data, 2)
            Curr = Data(i, j): GoSub countValue
        Next j
    Next i
    Return

CaseValue:
    Curr = Data: GoSub countValue
    Return

countValue:
    If Not IsError(Curr) Then
        Result = Result + UBound(Split(Curr, SubString, , iCase))
 '       Result = Result + (Len(Curr) _
               - Len(Replace(Curr, SubString, "", , , iCase))) / Len(SubString)
    End If
    Return

End Function


No matter what business you have, an effective marketing strategy is necessary to boost your sales and profits. Marketing is a field that constantly changes, what worked a few years ago may be irrelevant today, and what works today may not after a few years. If you want your business to be successful then you must be open to accepting change.
Without a great marketing strategy, no matter how good your service or product is, it will still stay limited. Your business should reach your target audience through proper channels, and if that is not happening then you need to improve your marketing strategy.
To fix your marketing strategy, you first need to identify the areas where the problem is. You need to analyze which channels increase your traffic and which don't. Use techniques to find out what perception your target audience have about your products or services. To do this, you can make use of an analytical tool, Google Analytics is a great resource for this. Use the information you get as your advantage to improve your marketing strategy.
Competition must be analyzed. You may already have an eye on your competitors' products or services and their future moves, but you need to do more than this. The best way of doing so is to ask your customers to identify the differences they see in your and your competitors' products or services. This real-time feedback is more useful in making your marketing strategy better.
If you believe that everyone is interested in what your business offers, then you have the wrong approach. Only those who feel they have the need for your products or services are the ones interested in them, these people are your target market and the ones your marketing has to reach.
How does your target market access information?
For a successful business, follow Pareto's principle of 80/20 rule. In the world of business, this means that 80% of customers bring 20% sales, whereas the remaining 20% of customers bring 80% sales to the business. To maximize your sale your business should be the focus on that 20 %. By this, we do not mean you neglect that 80 %, it is important that you keep each and every customer happy, but instead of pleasing all of them, build a strong and lasting relationships with those who bring you the most sales.
You can send them direct or periodical emails, thanking them for doing business with you. You may also send newsletters to these customers to keep them updated about your latest products and services.
Your old methods may have worked in making your business successful but in order to reach the top, it is necessary that you open your mind to new possibilities out there.
Constantly research different options and ideas which can help you improve your business. The world we live in today is all about digital technology, so make sure your business is digital as well. Have a website for your business, which is easy to use and mobile friendly, this can help you reach your customers on smartphones and computers. You can hire a professional service to design a web page for you, there are many platforms out there like Web Design Singapore who help businesses build a new image through the digital world.
According to a study, only 24% of consumers believe that companies pay attention to their opinions, and only 29% feel that they are valued customers. These stats show that most consumers think low of their brand and don't feel important.
You can make use of this information and turn it in your favour by making your customers feel valued. This can be done through offers, support and content.
The more valued your customer feels the higher chances there are for them to recommend your product/service to their friends, family and colleagues. This gaining more customers and increases sales.
For a successful business, there are few things you want your customer to do for you, this can be following you on social media, signing up for a newsletter, downloading your e-files or making a purchase. If you think your customer will do all this on their own, then you are wrong. You will have to compel them to do so, and this is done by including clear calls to action.
A call to action is a key element of your webpage, which tells your customer what to do next, it can be anything like a 'signup' button or a 'call now' option, anything that compels them to do what is productive for your business. Even if you already have calls to action and they deliver well, you can still do better. The key to this is to keep testing and finding new ways of making your marketing efforts better.
Be consistent and persistent with your techniques — to make any marketing strategy work. You should know that it takes time before your business becomes a success. Don't give up — miracles don't happen overnight!
For example, when establishing your business on social media, have a consistent schedule for posting, interact with your target audience regularly and post content of high quality.
If one thing does not work for your business, then try another one. It takes time and effort to reach the top, so apply the trial and error method and keep using it till you reach a point where you know what is best for your company.
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