text:
Kits and Fits
by Fred Stutzenberger
Unfortunately, the graphics for figures ten through fourteen are not available and are therefore missing from the article.
Fig. 1. Roy Prater of Pecatonica Long Rifle Supply Company, makes adjustments on the 24-spindle Saestrom carving machine.
Kit may be defined as "a set of parts to be assembled." Fit may be defined (among several definitions) as either "placement with precision of adjustment" or "an emotional outburst, as of anger or frustration." If you purchase a muzzleloading rifle or pistol kit to which the first definition of fit does not apply, then the second definition surely will!
My first experience with ML rifle kits came about 25 years ago when I received a pre-shaped (read as "pre-ruined") stock in which the lock could be placed into its mortise by dropping it from shoulder height into the stock lying on the floor. Such experiences gave ML kits a bad name, the enduring stigma of which has persisted to this day; hence, many suppliers of ML kits prefer to call their products "semi-finished" or "assemblies." For the purpose of this article, I shall use the term "kit" for the sake of expediency to refer to a set of parts to be assembled.
For those of us who have been soured on the kit concept in the past, let me tell you that there is a whole new world out there. A wide variety of well designed and executed kits with pre-shaped stocks is available to the aspiring rifle builder. The precision of inletting and the attention to historic accuracy of ML kits has improved markedly from the haphazard assembly of ill-fitting parts included in some imported products years ago. In fact, in conversations I've had with several nationally-known rifle makers, they have admitted (somewhat sheepishly, like the parents who admit to eating the kids' Frosted Flakes) that they now resort to kits from time to time. The era of building from kits is now well established, with excellent results very much in evidence.
The central figure of the kit is the pre-shaped stock. The technology for the efficient duplication of wooden objects (such as table legs and gunstocks) has been around for a long time; Blanchard profiling lathes were installed at the Harper's Ferry Armory in the 1820's, enabling operators to turn out a musket stock a day from the rough blank1. By the early 1900's the industrial revolution had taken over a large segment of the stocking business, and many of the "oldy but goldy" models are still happily churning out precision stocks today. An example is shown in Fig. 1, courtesy of Pecatonica River Long Rifle Supply Company of Rockford, Illinois. This particular system, in which two dozen stocks can be shaped at once, is a 1928 Saestrom furniture carving machine obtained from the Rockford Peerless Furniture Co. Pistol stocks and halfstocks can be fully carved on this machine, while fullstocks are shaped only from the buttstock through the lock panel area. Fullstocks are then transferred to a milling machine to shape channels for straight-sided barrels (Fig. 2). For swamped barrels, as well as ramrod grooves, lock, and trigger inlets, an impression can be taken of the inlet profile in some sort of moldable material, which can then serve as the master for inlet cutting in a profiling machine such as the Hoenig-Rodman or Allen duplicators2.
Fig. 2. After shaping the buttstock, Doug Greensides places the stock in a fixture of his own design for milling of the barrel channel.
There are advantages and disadvantages to the use of a kit which has a pre-shaped stock which will accept an integrated assembly of commercially available hardware. For the first-time builder, the advantages of a well-constructed kit flat outweigh the disadvantages. The shaped stock is largely inletted (95-98% of wood removed) for the barrel, lock, trigger(s), and ramrod, so the first-time builder is not faced with the overwhelming prospect of starting on a raw slab of wood. (Sometimes, facing each new, amorphous slab of wood still overwhelms me temporarily; it almost feels like being placed in a room with a year's supply of food and told to go to it.) If the novice builder is endowed with a nominal amount of patience and forethought, he/she will eventually be the owner of a fine rifle which will be a source of pride (and nostalgia) for years to come. The obverse of this coin is that the kit narrowly restricts the builder as to the type of rifle which can be built. (This problem is diminishing as the variety in commercially available kits increases.)
Another advantage of the kit is that the builder will not go far astray as to stock dimensions or in general architecture. I remember my first rifle built 40 years ago. The stock was a slab of Kentucky walnut from a floor joist out of a house built around 1828 (so I guess it was well seasoned). When I inletted the buttplate, I decided to allow for multiple mistakes, so I started out with a 17-inch pull, feeling that my first attempt would chew up at least 2 inches, and therefore everything would come out right in the end. Alas, my initial attempt at fitting went fairly well and I ended up with a pull that would fit Goliath perfectly. While the kit would prevent such youthful folly, its advantage carries an inherent disadvantage, as it does not allow variations as to length of trigger pull and drop in comb to fit a specific individual. This disadvantage is more important in the fit of a shotgun than it is in a rifle. In Figure 3, the various areas of the pre-shaped stock are designated. While some dimensions, such as those of the cheekpiece, can be altered to some extent, the pull length and drop are pretty much set. Note that if you insist on shortening the pull, you will decrease the drop also, but this alteration will require trimming the toe of the buttplate.
Fig. 3. The major dimensions of a muzzleloading rifle stock as illustrated in the current catalog of the Pectonica River Long Rifle Supply Co., Rockford, Illinois. Taken by permission.
Kits are assembled with an assortment of historically and spatially compatible parts so the builder doesn't end up with a Hawken-type rifle sporting an early Germanic lock or vice-versa. From what I have seen in kits lately, the suppliers are doing a good job in this regard. Currently, there are more than 30 different kits on the market (see list of suppliers), including those for rifle, pistol, fowler, and shotgun. Many fine kits are 98% inletted for major components. One must remember that this inlettting is done with router bits rotating at 90o to the surface of the wood. Therefore, the purchaser will be required to do the final inletting of the metal parts by removing the small bits of wood (such as at the tail ends of the lock mortise and barrel channel) which the rotating tool radius cannot reach. The foregoing statement may lead the inexperienced builder to think that means 98% of the work has already been done. In fact, it just means that "your work is cut out for you." Daunting problems can arise, and since most kits do not come with instructions, it would be helpful and encouraging to the first- time rifle builder to offer some precautions and solutions which may save a lot of time and trouble. This article is meant to help in that process. Note that in some instances, where a specific procedure is the same whether working on a "from scratch" stock or a pre-shaped one, I have used photographs of examples from the scratch stock to illustrate a particular point since "from scratch" is where most of my rifles start.
Once your kit arrives, note whether the packing is intact, and make sure that parts, such as the barrel, are not protruding from the carton. If parts are sticking out, chances are that they have received damage, and it is better to file a claim with the carrier through the supplier at this point. If everything looks OK, unpack it carefully and lay out the parts on the floor. Resist the urge to rush to the work area to create a wood dust storm. Make sure all parts are there (hopefully there is a check list included with your kit). Often, screws and other sharp little parts work their way out of plastic bags during shipping. Check to see if the stock has been cracked in transit; the wrist and foreend are the vulnerable areas, particularly in highly figured curly maple. Don't expect to work the stock and then send it back to the supplier with "shipping damage.''
If everything is in order, take the precaution to protect that fragile foreend of the pre-shaped full stock (the following obviously does not apply to halfstock kits). Since the ramrod hole on the pre-shaped stock will be drilled its full length, you can insert the ramrod blank (which is provided in many kits) into the stock and secure it with a twist-tie or a couple of sturdy rubber bands (do not use tape because the adhesive penetrates the wood and will sometimes affect staining by decreasing the porosity of the wood. The ramrod in its groove and secured to the stock reinforces the foreend. However, do not insert the ramrod and let the untrimmed section protrude beyond the end of the stock! The untrimmed, unsecured ramrod can be a ticking time bomb if left protruding from the end of the stock: a young friend caught the end of the protruding rod on the workbench and split out the bottom of his stock at the entry thimble area. Prevent this by doing the following: 1) insert the ramrod as far as possible into the hole (you might have to sand the rod a bit to get a good sliding fit); 2) mark the rod even with the end of the barrel channel; 3) remove the rod and make sure that it will be as long as the barrel (not the barrel channel). If not, either it did not go into the stock fully, or the ramrod hole is not drilled deep enough. Remember that the rod should go back to the forward trigger guard trunnion (and on Hawken trigger/guard assemblies, it can go back to the forward tang bolt). Hold the rod on the outside and see how far the hole goes, or insert a smaller diameter rod to determine if there is just a small clearance problem. Cut the ramrod off to the correct finished length for now; you will shorten it a bit later when you fit the tips. If your kit did not come with a ramrod blank, then insert a dowel of suitable diameter and length for now (most pre-shaped stocks are drilled for 5/16" or 3/8" ramrods). This will stabilize the foreend while doing barrel inletting, which is the next operation. Do not push in a dowel which offers resistance. Once in the deep hole of the forestock, even a slightly oversized dowel will be hard to remove.
Tom "Ol' Bear" Harbin showed me how to protect the fragile foreend by inserting a thin slat, which is just a snug fit, into the barrel channel. The slat should be about half as thick as a barrel flat; when held in place with tape or rubber bands, it will reinforce the whole foreend, protect the delicate edges of stock along the channel, and provide a final reference when finish sanding the top of the channel. If the barrel channel is too long, you may want to trim it a bit, but don't cut it shorter than the length of the barrel.
Fig. 4. Cutting across the grain takes a sharp chisel which leaves a clean shoulder to support the breech.
The breech end of the barrel channel will probably be rounded where the machine cutter stopped. This will have to be squared to fit the breech. Draw a straight pencil line across the top of the stock at 90o to the back of the barrel channel (a little flexible plastic ruler is good for this). Draw other lines which extend from the sides of the barrel channel to intersect that line. Then carefully remove the wood within the square, consistent with the contour of the channel. A sharp chisel on hard wood will leave a clean cut (Fig. 4). If the wood is soft or if the chisel is dull, clean cuts are difficult. Proceed with care to get a good close fit in which this shoulder is parallel to the full width of the breech. Although the lower part of the breech channel will not be visible in the assembled rifle, it is the surface which receives the recoil of the barrel with every shot, and if poorly fitted, will eventually allow the tang to drive back into the wrist and split it. It will be easier to inlet the barrel with the breech plug removed.
Fig. 5. This breechplug wrench is simple to make, adjustable, and grips breechplugs without marring.
Fig. 5 shows a simple, adjustable home-made tool for breech plug removal and installation. It is made from 5/8" square bar stock, with the short arm clearance-drilled 1/32" oversize for 3/8" machine bolts. It will work equally well on conventional breech plugs or the patent type breech, since the slightly oversize holes will allow the short arm to float and adjust to either taper or parallel.
The barrel channel may have to be widened slightly by sanding or scraping. If you must remove wood along the channel, you can make handy little channel sanders (such as those shown in Fig. 6a and 6b) from shop scrap and cover them with the coarsest sandpaper you can find (probably #24 grit). You can use a 5/16" or 3/8" straight chisel to scrape the bottom three flats of the channel (Fig. 7), but do not use both methods alternately since the coarse grit left in the channel will ruin the fine edge of your chisel.
Fig. 6a. A variety of sanding blocks can be made to smooth and enlarge the barrel channel.
Fig. 6b. You can custom-fashion a sanding block for a specific area in a few minutes using scrap wood around the shop.
The goal is to obtain a tight fit with no big gaps between the barrel and channel along their whole length. Jerrods inletting black, (available from Brownell's, Inc., Montezuma, Iowa (515) 623-5401) is a big help in this task. Once a close fit is accomplished, install the breech plug in the barrel and inlet the tang into the top of the stock. The tang may have to be bent to conform to the top slope of the stock (Fig. 8) before marking for inletting (most pre-shaped stocks have a bit of the wood milled away in this area to ease the process). The tang will probably have been shaped with a slight taper toward the underside so as to provide a draft to facilitate inletting. Don't neglect this feature. If your tang does not have this taper, file one in (just a few thousandths will mean the difference between a snug fit and a ragged mess). During the fitting of the tang and in subsequent operations, the barrel must be repeatedly removed and replaced in the channel. Inserting a dowel into the muzzle will give you a nifty handle for lifting the forward end of the barrel. However, it is unwise to pry up the barrel from the muzzle end alone, for this will create a wedging action against your nice shoulder at the breech and cause unsightly chip-outs, particularly in curly maple. If you can ascertain where the tang bolt should go (or perhaps it is already drilled for you if you received an integrated assembly of parts), you can insert a blunted nail which is a snug slide fit in the hole (Fig. 9) on which you can tap to lift the breech end of the barrel up and out of the mortise without chipping the wood. Gradually widen the mortise for the tang until it will press into place with a snug fit (Fig. 10). A lot of old rifles are seen with cracks behind the tang where repeated recoil has stressed the wood. You can remove a tiny amount of wood to provide a few thousandths of extra clearance, but overdoing the clearance will leave an embarrassing gap.
Fig. 7. A regular straight chisel makes a good scraper for deepening the channel where the inletting black shows high spots.
Fig. 8. The tang must be filed with a slight taper to the underside to allow enough draft for inletting. The tang must be bent to conform to the top curvature of the stock.
Fig. 9. This nail can be tapped from underneath to lift the breech away from the shoulder of the barrel channel to avoid splintering of the top of the stock. Then the hole can serve the installation of the tang bolt.
Once the barrel/tang assembly has been snugly inletted into the stock, you might want to install the lugs or loops on the underside of the barrel and drill for your pins or keys to secure stock to barrel. Some kits come with the barrel pin lugs already installed and the mortises milled in the bottom of the barrel channel. To ensure that the holes for the pins are drilled accurately through these lugs, make a fence from a piece of angle iron and clamp it to your drill press table. Adjust it so that when the top flat of the barrel is squarely against it, the bit will contact the midpoint of the lug. Draw a vertical line down the side of the barrel indicating the midpoint of each lug. Then put the barrel back into the stock, clamp it gently with a couple of C-clamps and draw a line on the stock corresponding to the line on the barrel for each lug. Make sure that the top barrel flat is square against the stop on the drill press table. Drill through the whole assembly. Remember that on a tapered or swamped barrel, the distance from the top of the barrel to the middle of the lug will be different for each one. If you are installing keys rather than pins, draw a straight line along the stock where the key is to be located. Drill a 1/16" hole through the stock at the middle of the lug, then drill holes on each side of the first hole only halfway through the stock. Turn the rifle over and repeat the operation on the other side. You can then cut out the webs of wood, using a small chisel, to make a slot. Alternatively, you can burn the slots through by repeatedly plunging a thin blade of red-hot metal into the wood (you might want to practice on some scrap wood for this one!). Once the slot is elongated, the use of a little saw, (made either from a sabersaw blade or from a section of bandsaw blade, Fig. 11) makes short work of cleaning up the slots. The slots have to be file-fit to get a nice tight slot for the keys; for a good fit, you have to have the barrel pressed securely into the stock and fit the key into the assembly a little at a time. The key should just press in snugly under thumb pressure when the barrel is clamped into the channel. Once you let off the clamping pressure, the key will be quite tight and will stay in place.
Once the barrel is secured in the stock, your next area of vulnerability is the mortise for the buttplate. The butt area of most pre-shaped stocks looks somewhat like Fig. 12a. The raised center area must be removed before the butt-plate can be installed. The safest and fastest way to remove the wood is to drill a series of holes with Forstner bits as shown in Fig. 12b. This removes 90% of the wood and allows easy chiseling away of the remaining web. Be careful of damaging the surrounding area as your buttplate must mate up closely to it. Beware of rasps or chisels contacting the outer mating surface. Once this area is smoothed, work the buttplate in with inletting black to detect high spots. On rounded buttplates with long returns such as on the Jaeger rifles, it was customary to install a long third screw at the apex of the buttplate, which really pulls it down tightly to the wood and extends it well into the mortise.
Be sure that the lock bolster fits tightly against the barrel with the lock bolts installed properly. Manufacturers of pre-shaped stocks often will leave a lock mortise a bit shallow rather than overcut, so that when the plate is drawn tightly into the mortise, a thin gap still shows between bolster and barrel. Closing this gap is particularly important for a flintlockimagine what would happen if enough of a gap existed to allow fine priming powder to sift down into the lock mortise to accumulate priming after priming until.......
Once the plate is precisely inletted, you can determine the correct length of the lock bolts. However, first you must install the side plate through which the lock bolts pass. Some pre-shaped stocks come inletted for a specific sideplate, but most do not. If your stock does not have an inlet for the sideplate, now is the time. Although the sideplate is one of the easiest pieces of hardware to inlet, its dimensions and location determine the placement of the two lock bolts. Chronic insomnia, tremors, and twitches, muffled mutterings, and reversion to knitting as the major pastime may result if the forward lock bolt passes through the ramrod hole. To preclude bringing such afflictions upon yourself you should read a recent article by Peter Alexander3, which goes into all the sideplate subtleties, before proceeding. Many late percussion rifles had only a single bolt, to the relief of some gunsmiths. Regardless of whether you need one or two lock bolts, remember that when you tap the holes in the plate, do it from the sideplate side. When you run your tap through the whole stock, the thread is lined up correctly with the axis of the hole. Once that's accomplished, be sure to cut off the ends of the lock bolts which protrude through the plate, or you won't be able to mount the outside parts such as hammer and feather spring. A foolproof way (which at least works for this fool) to cut the bolts without mangling the threads is to run the proper size die (usually 8-32 or 10-32) onto the bolt, leave what needs to be cut off sticking out, and cut off the excess. When you turn the bolt out of the die, it will resize the thread out to the end so that you can easily start the bolt back into the plate.
Once the plate has been snugly fitted, mount the bridle and tumbler on the plate with the appropriate screws and replace the assembly in the mortise. Install the lock bolts, pull them up snug and see if the internal parts are keeping the plate from seating properly. A light coating of inletting black (or soot from a tallow candle) on internal surfaces will highlight interferences. Keep adding part by part, checking for interferences until everything is in and the lock cycles without interference. Ol' Bear "warms up" the mainsprings on his locks gently by working them back and forth in partial cycles before drawing them to full cock much as an athlete does stretches before an event.
Some kits come with trigger mortise uncut. In such cases, you must drill a hole from the understock up to the sear. Use a nail or a drill bit to push up on the sear to allow cycling of the lock when testing clearance of its innards in every position. Note: on flintlocks (which always seem more complicated), you must cut a slight recess in the stock over the top of the plate to allow the hammer to come to rest. If you do not make allowance for the hammer fall, it will crush the wood in that area.
Chances are the vent hole will not be drilled into the barrel for a flintlock, nor the drum installed for early percussion models (most kits for late percussion rifles have a cast breech with a hole for the nipple drilled and tapped). Usually vent liners (either stainless or Ampco) are supplied with the kit. Locate the vent hole centered in the pan and even with the top of the pan, not down deep like a drain hole. You want the priming powder to flash through the hole, not burn down to it. Although mechanical engineers say that a hole tapped with 50% thread is sufficient for most applications, I like to humor my sense of safety here by tapping at least 80% of full thread. Refer to a machinist's table for the correct size tap drill. Same for the installation of drum and nipple. Remember that you don't want a hole that is smaller than the minor diameter of the thread (which is 0.206" for 1/4 X 28, 0.267" for 5/16 X 24, and 0.324" for 3/8 X 34) or you will drag the tops off the female threads and weaken them.
The only other heavy duty area to complete before you have a functional (but not complete) rifle is to install the trigger(s). Set triggers require a pretty extensive mortise such as the one I milled in Fig. 14. Even on a milling machine, cutting a trigger mortise is tedious because of understock curvature. It's not exactly comforting to consider that the wrist is a weak area where you don't want to cut away any more wood than is absolutely necessary. I find that it helps to burn incense and recite the 23rd Psalm before beginning. If the mortise is not cut in your stock (and some are not, allowing flexibility of trigger choice), then you proceed by making the inlet just wide enough to accept the upper projections of the trigger assembly. On set triggers, the sear should fall at the midpoint of the two triggers, but other considerations might predominate here. You can adjust pull length here slightly by shifting the trigger fore or aft. But consider this: shifting the trigger assembly back will mean that travel of the forward trigger will increase in order to set off the lock when the triggers are in the unset mode, while the travel of the trip trigger will decrease (not a big consideration unless the angle of the trip trigger keeps the sear from engaging when triggers are unset). As shown in Fig. 14, I pencil in a line showing where the sear arm lies and adjust the trigger position accordingly.
Oh, yes, one last thing. That hole in the deeper mortise shown in Fig. 14 is for the tang bolt which threads down through the trigger plate. If the conical head of the tang bolt is to nestle nicely in the tang, the tapped hole in the trigger plate must intersect it at an angle. The position of the tang bolt will be determined in no small part by where it is allowable to tap into the trigger plate. I make marks to delineate the allowable area, then draw a line through that area which is also squared with the angle (actually a radius) of the tang. I then set the whole assembly up on an angle plate on the drill press with the barrel removed. I drill down through the longitudinal axis of the tang mortise, parallel to my line on the stock using an undersize bit (such as a 7/64). The bit will mark the trigger plate where it intersects it. If centered in the allowable area, drill back up the other way with the barrel tang in place. That will mark the underside of the tang where the bolt will be positioned. Even so, I drill through with a bit slightly undersized relative to the major diameter of the bolt. That way, if I am off a few thousandths, I can file the hole to true center. Owning a rifle you've made with an off-center tang bolt is about as cool as walking around with your shirt mis-buttoned (remember how Mama said to start buttoning from the bottom and make sure the ends match).
The matter of sight installation is a pretty simple one except for two considerations: 1) muzzleloading barrels need only one vent hole each, so if you are attaching a rear sight with screws, remember to watch that you don't drill all the way through the barrel into the bore; 2) if you are a member of the graybeard society, mount the rear sight a couple inches farther down the barrel than usual, for presbyopia doesn't improve as we get older. Most sights are installed via dovetails; I noted one graybeard's rifle with three dovetails cut into the top of the barrel, each neatly filled with a carefully filed insert, and a fourth one, farthest down the barrel, containing the sight. That barrel constituted its owner's optical calendar.
By this time, you will have an instrument which makes smoke and throws balls considerable distances in a controlled direction, but you still have a long way to go. Of course, most rifles have patchboxes, toeplates, barrel key (or pin) inlays, muzzle caps, and ramrod thimbles (except some heavy target models). Many pre-shaped stocks are cut for the patchbox cavity and partially inletted for ramrod thimbles and even muzzle cap. Reference to an earlier Muzzle Blasts article4 will help with inletting these parts.
Once the rifle is functional, don't be too proud to use your rifle for a while in the white before finishing (although walking around in the wet woods with a raw rifle does not do much for its stock or your camouflage). [Note: Also keep in mind that oil from handling and/or cleaning will penetrate wood and make staining/finishing very difficult. Likewise, powder fouling will stain wood, especially when cleaning the barrel or lock with water]. Usually, there are little adjustments to make to moving parts or supplemental stock shapings to make it feel better to you. You might even want to add an inlay or two which are historically compatible with your school of rifle. I added a sling to one of my Jaegers after years of use. Although applying the finish carries with it an air of finality, somewhere down the road you might say to yourself "maybe if I just make this little change...".
Bivins, J. "Stock Duplicator – Crutch or Tool?" Rifle, vol. 93, May/June 1984, p. 18.
Alexander, P.A. "The Gunsmith of Grenville County", Muzzleloader, July/Aug. 1992, p. 21.
Stutzenberger, F. "Decorating your First Rifle. Part II: Inlays." Muzzle Blasts, Oct. 1994, p. 8.
Stocks, components, and semi-finsihed rifles:
Don Eads' Muzzleloader Builders' Supply , Pecatonica River Long Rifle Supply Co., Jim Chambers Flintlocks, Ltd., Dunlap Woodcrafts, Tiger-Hunt. Please see the ads throughout this issue for names of additional companies.
Tools and Supplies:
Enco Manufacturing Co. (1-800-873-3626)
Hartville Tool (1-800-345-2396)
Revised Sunday, 10-October-2021 at 07:07:38 AM EDT copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 muzzleblasts.com, all rights reserved


CO2 is essential for development. A high degree of CO2 offers an optimum atmosphere for growth. The very best method to acquire a excessive amount is to get access to a greenhouse. In this surroundings, the CO2 ranges are stored excessive so the vegetation can experience optimal growing circumstances. Use your leftover pasta water in your backyard! Crops are large starch followers and thrive with water that accommodates larger ranges of starch, just like the water left over after you boil pasta or potatoes. Be sure, though, that you just let the water sit till it reaches room temperature previous to watering your crops with it!
It's best to be sure to shield your backyard with a fence or raised bed. This fashion you will be positive no animals can destroy it. Deer may also be an enormous problem with gardens. Make sure that the deer cannot tear into your garden by placing a fence in that's excessive sufficient. If your favourite flower pot or garden container has a gap or crack where grime is leaking by means of, attempt lining that area contained in the pot with a espresso filter. It really works nice to hold grime in and maintain your walkways and container gardens neat and clean. Strive them out on hanging baskets as well!
When utilizing fertilizer, moderation will be the key to success. Whereas it's true that utilizing a fertilizer can improve your garden's productivity, it is higher to use it sparingly. An overdose of fertilizer could cause extreme growth of the plant's foliage with stunted development of the fruit or vegetables thereby reducing your harvest. Be sure to water your backyard daily. With out daily water, your backyard could shortly flip sour. If the idea of pulling out a hose each day is too much so that you can abdomen, take into account installing some kind of sprinkler system. There is a cost, however it will probably save quite a lot of complications and really pay for itself through a wholesome crop!
Now, do not you're feeling better after studying all those suggestions?
It is simple to put a new perennial bed. Merely slice into the ground with a spade, flip the highest layer of soil, and then cowl it with a number of inches of wood chips. Wait two weeks, then dig in and plant the new perennials. You will need to remember to use sunscreen to the again of your neck as well as your ears when you find yourself gardening. Many people focus on their face, palms and arms when they're making use of solar block earlier than going outside to do their gardening. Your ears and the back of your neck will get numerous sun exposure, so it is important to shield them too.
Attract optimistic bugs to your garden. Bugs like girl-bugs really hunt pure predators to your crops; aphids and caterpillars are just some of the nasty critters that may go through a backyard and eat the leaves of the plants. Woman bugs are the natural predators to such pests and assist the expansion of an excellent wholesome garden by consuming pests. Tie strips of mylar balloons to the branches of your fruit trees just before harvest time. These flapping, shiny straps will frighten away birds and small mammals, defending your fruit. Simply you should definitely take away them after the harvest, as a result of if they blow unfastened, animals might eat them and turn out to be ill.
You should start pea seedlings indoors instead of planting them outside right at the beginning. Pea seeds germinate higher indoors. The infant vegetation may also be stronger and can resist pests and disease better. When these pea vegetation are sturdy, you possibly can place them outside in your garden. Plant fruit and veggies that you recognize you want. When you've got kids, having them assist in the garden will make them need to eat the meals that they develop. You will be able to save cash in your contemporary produce in addition to know that your loved ones is eating the most effective produce around.
If you wish to have a more productive garden, develop your rising season into the fall by using row covers. Row covers hold heat in, frost out, and in addition shield against deer intrusion. The crops under the row covers ought to nonetheless be considerably proof against cold however, so it is best to choose greens and root greens. As was mentioned firstly of this text, if in case you have an concept what you are trying to do, gardening will come straightforward. With solid info, like the information you discovered right here, you will be able to plant a grasp garden that would be the envy of everyone you recognize.
This water is loaded with starch, which is kind of nutritious for plants. Be certain that to let the water cool completely, as hot water can injury and even kill plant roots.


If you've ever studied the movement of children when they walk or run, you'll see arms a swinging with gusto. Just watch those little arms move! As cute as it looks on little body's, the reason for the expressive arm movement is purely mechanical. You see when you move your arms, your arms create momentum and momentum is a force your legs can follow.
Just like when you use force to push down on the accelerator pedal of a car.
Push the pedal and your car moves faster. Likewise with the human body, if you move your arms quicker it makes your legs move faster. Slow your arms down your legs will slow down. The only way to "consciously" move your arms without your legs following is to not move your legs. Like when you're standing still or sitting down.
You can move your legs faster but your arms don't have to follow. The arm leg connection is a one way street! Your arms direct your legs but your legs don't direct your arms! You can run as fast as you can without moving your arms but the moment you bring your arms into the movement your legs will automatically synch up with your arms!
On the opposite spectrum of little body's and arms a swinging, watch older humans move.
If you look closely, most of the time you'll see arms almost pressed into the shoulders with the lower arms & hands moving very little. Depending on the favoured side (whether we lead with our right foot or lead with our left), the majority of times you'll see one arm held against the side and the other arm barely moving to the front of the body.
If a man or woman leads with their right foot, it'll be the left arm held against the body and right arm moving slightly forward.
If a man or woman leads with their left foot, it'll be the right arm held against the body and the left arm moving to the front of the body.
i made an example of this hidden dance of collapse in the video The Four Step Limp. Once you recognise what you're looking for, the next time you're out watch the people move. Pay particular attention to the arms being held against the side and the limp in the legs. What you may note is it's very rare it is to see an older human (and now teenagers with the ever growing computer screen mentality that only promotes further collapse of the chest) moving both arms equally in a vital way.
Unfortunately it's even rarer to see the elbows moving fluidly to the back of the body thus supplying the shoulder joint ample range of movement and further body propulsion.
If you're interested in really grasping how moving your arms in a certain way can help lift, strengthen and fortify your body, there's a video within the TriBreath member area called The Elbows. There i go quite in depth about the unseen functions and benefits that come with using your arms to promote greater air intake, the stabilisation of your posture & vitality of your digestive system.
Mark my words! You'll always be short of your physical potential if the movement of your arms is not consciously practiced as you live your life. If you wish to maintain your mobility as you age, think arms and breath! Below are some of the ways i retrained and helped remind myself to think more about my breathing by using my arms more consciously.
When you get up out of bed and walk down the hall to your bathroom, think move your arms.
When you walk to the kitchen, think move your arms.
When you've been sitting and you get up, think move your arms.
When you get out of the car, think move your arms.
When you're walking up & down stairs, think move your arms.
If you don't believe the "arm pump function" can be a game-changer for your mobility & vitality, know this! The body doesn't maintain the "youthful" moving arms function as we age! If it did, older humans would be swinging their arms and moving around like children do when they move. As we age we expect and justify disintegration!
Sure it's true our body's are bound by the Law of Disintegration as is ALL on the physical plane. But just as the Law of Thrust working with the Law of Lift overrides the Law of Gravity, so too can you override or at least minimise the impact the physical law of disintegration imposes upon us.
How? By using the Law of Movement.
Movement creates momentum and momentum is a measurable physical force. If you direct that force consciously, you can dramatically reduce, if not negate the effects the Law of Disintegration have upon you. If it's true in nature it's true for you and i.
If one wishes to access higher laws, it makes sense that one must use the higher faculties. And in this case that is the use of the Mind and the Will.
For the "willingness" to implement "change" in how we "operate/drive" our body is the first step. It's the time we invest in our practice. The funny thing is it's the body aging that provides us with the greatest opportunity to readily see and experience the "produce" of our mind/will/connection labour.
When we're young we only recognise expansion because we don't know what contraction is yet. So when we do this sort of practice in our younger years we just further expand. But when the Wheel of Expansion we know in our youth slows down and loses traction, it is the Wheel of Contraction that gains traction and physically decline we do.
So best to something about it!
When you learn and then implement the TriBreath techniques into your life you'll learn to use your arms more consciously (especially when you're walking or running). To say rhythmic breathing is the surest way to improve the way you physically move is an understatement. Consciously communicating with your body is like the Sun shining on the Earth.


text: export * from './masonry-demo.module';

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The hotel was nice, clean and neat. Some difficulty finding the front desk, as we came in from the back, parking area. Staff was very friendly and courteous. No frills. We chose a basic room with no extras. Breakfast was more than enough. Overall, very clean, safe and friendly.


The CCV-0605IRB security camera housing has a basic clamshell construction and includes a bank of infrared LEDs that radiate up to 30 meters (~98 feet), depending upon atmospheric conditions. It also contains a heater and blower assembly that keeps the camera working on cold temperatures and prevents the inside of the glass from frosting up or fogging. This housing is intended for full size cameras with infrared sensitivity that lack built-in IR LEDs.
This housing is weatherproof and has a lockable metal latch and is designed for box-style surveillance cameras. Sealed by rubberized weather-strips. Perfect for full size color security cameras. It has an internal metal bracket that can be customized to fit a wide variety of shapes and sizes.
Dimensions: 14 3/4" x 5 1/2" x 4 1/4"


Wholesale plastic frame reading glasses are available in a variety of colors and styles. From full frame to half frame, you'll be sure to find the right fit for your customers. To find out which styles include spring temples, check the product descriptions.


Greenfield Healthcare Center is a Senior Health Center in Greenfield, Ind. offering skilled nursing, short-term recovery, and rehabilitation and long-term care servicesfocused on your or your loved one's emotional and physical well-being. We strive to create a supportive environment and excellent experience for our guests, residents and their families.
At Greenfield Healthcare Center we believe in making the most of the time you or your loved one spends with us. Residents can participate in many events and activities, including community outings to local restaurants and Indianapolis Indians baseball games, or spending time with our resident service dog, Oliver.The center also sponsors an annual car show, hosts multiple cookouts throughout the summer and plans special holiday celebrations for residents and their families.


Exclusive, gated living in one of the most dramatic neighborhoods in Vintage Oaks. Canyon Ranch in Vintage Oaks offers 1-7 acre homesites with magnificent views of the Texas Hill Country.
This gated, high-plateau neighborhood is sprinkled with streams and ponds throughout and will feature several new walking trails that meander through the neighborhood for residents to enjoy all that this beautiful area has to offer. Canyon Ranch features some of the most dramatic views and topography in all of Vintage Oaks and homesites are limited!
Please complete the form to start your property search or call for updated pricing and availability.
Find your dream homesite in Canyon Ranch!


Electronic Parts. Capacitors; ... etc.) > Schematics for Pickups and Guitars > Products. Mojotone: Amp Parts: Kits: Cabinets: ... Les Paul 3 Way Switch Wiring Diagram.
We have many Guitar Wiring Diagrams for a wide range of ... the optional QuickSwitch for mag both acoustic. ... with a regular but for use with electric guitars.


The senior school boasts of an enthusiastic group of teachers, eager to experiment, research, learn and re-learn. Reaching the zenith being their aim and equipped with the state of art laboratories, in the subjects of science, mathematics and social science, a richly compiled library and smart rooms to bring their thoughts to realization, taking understanding of a concept to a different level, they nurture their students to believe in their own best selves. Regular trips and excursions, as lesson extensions, help them reinforce their concepts better. The teachers, experts in their respective fields, and with the passion of art and literature, aim towards fulfilling their dream of building future citizens with strong logical minds and a holistic approach, individuals competent to take up all responsibilities with a smile.
Our students are gradually encouraged to explore the relationship between practical and theoretical concepts of various subjects, thus learning to analyse how the topic extends beyond the classroom and into the outside world. The boundaries of subjects are dissolved and students learn across the curriculum. Subjects are not taught in isolation as in the conservative methods thus cultivating higher order thinking abilities, encouraging our young minds to focus on their critical thinking and problem solving skills.
We have developed upon Language enhancement classes by an expert, regular practice work, result analysis at all levels of evaluation and remediation to address all academic needs.


What does A4U stand for?
A4U stands for "All For You"
How to abbreviate "All For You"?
What is the meaning of A4U abbreviation?
The meaning of A4U abbreviation is "All For You"
A4U as abbreviation means "All For You"


text:
The Best Deals of Amazon Prime Day 2019
What July's Full Moon & Lunar Eclipse Mean For You
How To Do Kettlebell Swings The Right Way
Why Are So Many Women Obsessed with Getting Plumper Lips?
It goes way beyond the #KylieJennerChallenge.
By Zahra Barnes
photo via Shutterstock
The social media-based Kylie Jenner Challenge exploded across the Internet earlier this week, sparking intense conversation as it trended. If you managed to avoid seeing the swollen mouths of any "competitors," here's the deal: In order to attain Kylie-sized lips (which the reality TV star attributes to the magic of lip liner), people encased their mouths in small cups (like shot glasses, for example) and breathed in, relying on the suction for some thickening action. Although some participants claimed to be satirizing the lip-mania, others seemed to genuinely want fuller lips. The results ranged from alarming to straight-up grotesque (if you feel queasy when you see blood, the hashtag's not for you), and lots of folks petitioned for it to stop:
For what it's worth, Kylie got wind of the social media movement she inspired and spoke out against it:
The rebuttal didn't stop more people from joining in, though. So really, what's behind the full-lips craze? It turns out that, as eye-catching as the #KylieJennerChallenge may be, it's only the latest example of a cultural obsession with big lips. (Remember when "duck face" selfies became a thing? The term was even added into Oxford Dictionaries in 2014.)
RELATED: Sad Proof That Most Women Don't Think They're Beautiful
"When you look at the anthropological history of the female body and sexuality, full lips signal not only sensuality, but being excited about having sex," says Jamie Gordon, anthropologist, partner, and cultural strategist at Culture Agency in Atlanta. "Much like how studies show that the higher your hip-to-waist ratio in some African tribal cultures, the more attractive you are, full lips can also make you seem more attractive."
Journal of Vision Research
One 2010 study in the journal Vision Research backs this up. The researchers experimented to see whether there's a facial golden ratio, i.e., an ideal facial feature arrangement. "A woman who has large lips, suggesting a strong mating potential, with average length and width ratios will always be more attractive than a woman with narrow lips and average length and width ratios," wrote the researchers. They found that people were rated as most attractive when the vertical distance between the eyes and mouth was about 36 percent of its length, and the horizontal distance between the eyes was about 46 percent of the face's width (you can see examples of different distances of facial features in the image above). The study was a small one of only 20 college students, but that thinking still seems socially prevalent.
A major part of this cultural emphasis started in the '50s, right around when Marilyn Monroe reached bombshell status. "Marilyn represented a transition in our cultural thought about women and sex," says Gordon. "Because there were fewer men due to the war, there wasn't just a lot more competition for a man, there was also this idea that you had to please him to keep him. You couldn't just look like you were capable of having sex. You had to be excited about it, and full lips can help express that." Enter Monroe's signature over-lined red pout, which is part of a beauty look so iconic, Max Factor chose her as their Global Glamour Ambassador back in January.
Lucian Milasan/Shutterstock
Although most of the people who participated in the Kylie Jenner Challenge were adolescents, the fixation on full lips certainly doesn't disappear as women age. Actually, it does anything but. "Your lips get thinner as you age, but fuller lips are a signifier of youth," says Gordon. "As some women age, they think, 'At least I've still got this part of me that represents my sexuality.'" The real difference is that as women get older, they can actually do something about it.
RELATED: All of Your Curiosities About Face Fillers Answered
Injectable wrinkle fillers (like Juvederm and Restylane) skyrocketed 243 percent between 2000 and 2013 and 13 percent between just 2012 and 2013, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. While they don't have isolated numbers strictly for lip-related treatments, other pieces of data are telling: Lip augmentation other than injectables jumped 35 percent between 2000 and 2013, while lip reductions fell 32 percent between 2012 and 2013.
"Lip augmentation is certainly not going away, but whether it's increasing varies from practice to practice," says Michael C. Edwards, M.D., president of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. "I can happily say fewer women are going for the overly full, fish-lip aesthetic." Edwards says he has turned away patients he thinks are requesting something too large, bypassing what he says is the most natural-looking equation: a lower lip that's about a third fuller than the top one.
So why do some women visit plastic surgeons in pursuit of bigger lips in the first place? "People may think a fuller lip is more sensual, or they may be influenced by pop culture and social media," says Edwards. Edwards says anyone looking to get fillers should only entrust board-certified professionals with the task. Turning to a shot glass to get the same results? Not advisable.
RELATED: How Bad Your Worst Beauty Habit ACTUALLY Is
While some of the backlash to this phenomenon lies in the inherent physical dangers, part of it is due to the potential cultural appropriation at play. "Cultural appropriation is typically when white people have borrowed from cultural production of people of color," says Akil Houston, Ph.D., associate professor of cultural and media studies at Ohio University. It's often talked about related to the world of entertainment, but it can also extend to matters of beauty, says Houston. And really, the two are usually inextricably intertwined. In that case, cultural appropriation essentially boils down to when women of color are mocked for a certain body type, hairstyle, facial feature, for instance, while white women are celebrated when they adopt it. Some women online have pointed this out:
I can't believe the nonsense that I have been seeing with this #kyliejennerchallenge ... I mean as someone with naturally full lips for my ENTIRE life, and having been made fun of for them for the majority of my life (being called names like, big lip bandit, soup coolers, and DSLs), I cannot for the life of me understand why anyone would want to emulate someone who is completely fake and has to receive injections to even get her lips to look that way! Big lips have been a source of ridicule for black people for practically FOREVER, and now because this little girl comes on the scene with her fake drawn on/ injected lips, yall want to pretend like its the new "IT THING"!!?!?... Give me a freaking break! So much of what it is to be black has been stripped from us and made to seem like its only ok when on the body of someone who lacks additional melanin in there skin and its so sickening!... but like Amandla Stenberg said, "What would America be like if we loved black people, as much as we loved black culture"? #bigbeautfullips #allnatural #teamnatural_ #naturalgirlsrock ... :End Rant:
A post shared by Melissa R. (@melissad071988) on Apr 20, 2015 at 8:07am PDT
Of course, it's highly unlikely that Kylie and other white women committed to the quest for fuller lips woke up one day and decided they felt like engaging in some cultural appropriation. Still, it's not as much about the intention as it is the effect. "I think for [Kylie], this is just something fun and clever," says Houston. "But once it leaves the hands of the creator, what it means is up for grabs. The context gets lost."
RELATED: 6 Ways to Boost Your Body Confidence
It might seem like it's no big deal that Kylie just wanted to experiment with her look, but her influence is undeniable. "We have to take pop culture seriously, especially when it comes to social media," says Houston. "For some people in our society, that's a significant space of identification. Even when it's entertaining, it socializes and legitimizes certain ways of thinking."
A post shared by Kylie (@kyliejenner) on Mar 14, 2014 at 9:38pm PDT
On the other hand, not everyone agrees that this is an example of cultural appropriation. "We have evolved as an American culture to include beauty standards that are as characteristically multi-racial as our society," says Gordon. "It stands to reason that people—especially young people—are finding attractiveness in characteristically non-Caucasian aesthetics."
The bottom line here is that there are clearly a few different aspects that make the #KylieJennerChallenge troubling. Whether you're coming at it from a safety standpoint or a cultural one, it's something that should have never been trending in the first place. If you agree but are still craving full lips, not to worry—there are 100 percent safe ways to create the illusion, no harm necessary.
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Ohhh, So This Is Why So Many Women Can't Take a Compliment
Kylie Jenner Stepped Out With Smaller Lips
These 7 Celebs Are Unknowingly Influencing Women to Get Lip Injections
Kylie Jenner Confirms She's Back To Lip Fillers
Kylie Jenner Removed The Filler From Her Lips
6 Things You Should Know About Lip Fillers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are happy to announce that we have prepared the New Year's cruise with fireworks.
For the upcoming New Year's celebrations, we have prepared a brand new cruise. Already on January 1 2014, you can join a cruise on one of our steamers and ships, and see the fireworks from a great perspective. The cruise in the city center takes one hour and mulled wine will be served during the cruise.


I have also downloaded the document and in fairness it is excellent and would help anyone suffering from cancer or wanting to increase their chances of beating it. He also says you can use it to prevent cancer. He gives you doses, strengths and interactions in depth. It is well recommended.


Hawaiian Jewelry & Novelty Company : Surf-riding, Waikiki, 1919.
One photograph of surfboard riding at Waikiki, one rider completing a headstand.
The accompanying caption is obsolete; the boards made of koa or wiliwili.
The most popular of Hawaiian pastimes is surf swimming, or heenalu.
In this sport the swimmers use a light board made of koa or wiliwili.
With these they swim out to sea, diving under the rollers which they mount, until they reach the outer line of breakers; then, lying flat on their boards, they balance themselves upon the forward slope of the highest breaker, and ride with the speed of a race-horse toward the shore.
Surf board swimming can be seen at Waikiki, near Honolulu.
Probably the most beautiful beach in all the world is to be seen at Waikiki. about two miles from Honolulu.
Canoes can be seen dashing in the green waves as they come rolling in from the Pacific filled with laughing natives and tourists. This famous beach is easily accessible to the city and bathing can be indulged in at night as well as day.
There is not the slightest danger from undertow currents or deep water.
Geoff Cater (2017) : Hawaiian Novelty Co. : Surfing, Waikiki, 1919.


Let your youngster cheer on the Houston Texans in this Team Logo T-shirt! Prepare him to see his favorite team and cheer them on in this tee. This tagless tee features bold Houston Texans graphics to show off his pride. Be sure to add this tee to your little one's Houston Texans collection!


text:
Blue Monday (New Order song)
1983 single by New Order
"Blue Monday"
Original die-cut sleeve
Single by New Order
from the album Power, Corruption & Lies[a]
"The Beach" (12-inch)
"Thieves Like Us" (7-inch)
hi-NRG
7:29 (original version)
4:09 (edited version)
Factory (12-inch)
Tonpress (7-inch)
Songwriter(s)
Bernard Sumner
New Order singles chronology
"Temptation"
(1982) "Blue Monday"
(1983) "Confusion"
"Blue Monday" is a song by the British rock band New Order. It was released as a 12-inch single on 7 March 1983 through Factory Records and later as a 7-inch single through Tonpress in 1985. It appeared on certain cassette and CD versions of the band's second studio album, Power, Corruption & Lies (1983).[1]
"Blue Monday" is a synth-pop and alternative dance song that drew inspirations from many works of other artists. The 12" single was backed with a primarily instrumental version of the song entitled "The Beach" on the B-side. The single's unique packaging was designed by Peter Saville and Brett Wickens. It features a die-cut sleeve designed to resemble a 5¼" floppy disk. The front cover features no words, but instead has code in the form of coloured blocks that reads out the artist, song, and label information, once deciphered.
The original single was a commercial hit, making the top 10 in many countries. In New Zealand, it peaked at number 2 and spent 74 weeks (spread across three calendar years) in the top 50. The 1988 remix peaked at number 3 on the UK chart. It is the best-selling 12" single of all time.[2][3] In the United Kingdom, it has sold 1.16 million copies in all formats, including the 1988 and 1995 re-releases. Sales of the original 1983 12" release account for the bulk of the total, at over 700,000 copies.[4] The song has been widely acclaimed, and is ranked by Acclaimed Music as the 38th most acclaimed song of all time.[5] It was remixed by the band twice, in 1988 and 1995. The 1988 remix went reached number 1 in New Zealand and the top 10 in other countries. The song has been covered by bands including Orgy, Flunk and 808 State.
3 Packaging
4 Music videos
8 Charts
9 Certifications
10 Orgy version
10.1 Background
10.2 Success
10.3 Reception
10.4 Track listing
10.5 Chart performance
10.6 Appearances
11 Flunk version
11.1 2002 EP track listing
12 808 State version
15 Sources
"Blue Monday" was described by the BBC Radio 2 "Sold on Song" feature as "a crucial link between Seventies disco and the dance/house boom that took off at the end of the Eighties."[6] Synth-pop had been a major force in British popular music for several years, but "Blue Monday", with encouragement by the band's manager Rob Gretton, was a dance record that also exhibited influences from the New York club scene,[6] particularly the work of producers such as Arthur Baker (who collaborated on New Order's follow-up single "Confusion").
Composition[edit]
A 30-second sample of the song, displaying its upbeat electronic drums and synth bass line as well as Bernard Sumner's deadpan vocals.
"Blue Monday" was composed on a prototype-level homebrew "step-time" sequencer in binary code.[7] It has been labeled a "synth-pop classic"[8][9] and described as cementing the group's movement from post-punk to alternative dance.[2] It has been noted as an example of the hi-NRG style of club music, as well.[10]
The song begins with a distinctive semiquaver kick drum intro, programmed on an Oberheim DMX drum machine.[11] Keyboardist Gillian Gilbert fades in a sequenced melody, out of sync with the beat because she had forgotten to input a note into the sequencer.[12] The verse section features the song's signature throbbing synth bassline, played on a Moog Source, overlaid with Peter Hook's bass guitar leads. The synth bassline was sequenced on a Powertran Sequencer home built by Sumner.[13] Bernard Sumner delivers the lyrics in a deadpan manner. "Blue Monday" is an atypical hit song in that it does not feature a standard verse-chorus structure. After a lengthy introduction, the first and second verses are contiguous and are separated from the third verse only by a brief series of sound effects. A short breakdown section follows the third verse, which leads to an extended outro.
This track was originally written in the key of D minor and contains a basic chord progression of Dm-F-C-Dm-G-C.
"Blue Monday" was influenced by several songs. Hook said the song was "stolen" from the Donna Summer song "Our Love".[14] Bernard Sumner said part of the arrangement came from "Dirty Talk", by Klein + M.B.O, the synthesised bassline from Sylvester's "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)", and from the Kraftwerk song "Uranium" from the Radio-Activity album.[14] Hook's bassline was derived from an Ennio Morricone soundtrack,[14] For a Few Dollars More: Hook said "I stole it" after watching the film of the same name in the studio.[15] In the Guardian, Clinton Heylin alleged that the song was derived from "Gerry and the Holograms", the 1979 title track by the novelty group of the same name,[14] but Sumner denied this.[16]
The band claimed to have written the song in response to crowd disappointment at the fact that they never played encores.[17] The song was planned to allow them to return to the stage, press play on a synthesiser and leave the stage again, but while writing the song it evolved into a project that the band quite liked, and it was turned from an experiment into a single. However, the band since have become noted for playing "Blue Monday" as an encore.[18]
Some rhythmic and synthesizer elements of the song had been used by the band in an earlier composition, "Video 5 8 6", in 1982, which evolved into the track "5 8 6", appearing on the band's 1983 album Power, Corruption & Lies.[19]
Despite selling well it was not eligible for an official gold disc because Factory Records was not a member of the British Phonographic Industry association.[6] According to the Official Charts Company, its total sales stand at 1.16 million in the United Kingdom alone, and "Blue Monday" came 69th in the all-time UK best-selling singles chart published in November 2012.[20]
Packaging[edit]
The 1983 edition artwork is designed to resemble a 5¼" floppy disk. The sleeve does not display either the group name nor song title in plain English anywhere; the only text on the sleeve is "FAC SEVENTY THREE" on the spine. Instead the legend "FAC 73 BLUE MONDAY AND THE BEACH NEW ORDER" is represented in code by a series of coloured blocks. The key enabling this to be deciphered was printed on the back sleeve of the album, Power, Corruption & Lies.[21] "Blue Monday" and Power, Corruption & Lies are two of four Factory releases from this time period to employ the colour code, the others being "Confusion" by New Order and From the Hip by Section 25.
The single's original sleeve, created by Factory designer Peter Saville and Brett Wickens, was die-cut with a silver inner sleeve.[21] It cost so much to produce that Factory Records actually lost money on each copy sold. Matthew Robertson's Factory Records: The Complete Graphic Album[22] notes that "[d]ue to the use of die-cutting and specified colours, the production cost of this sleeve was so high that the single sold at a loss." Tony Wilson noted that it lost 5p per sleeve "due to our strange accounting system"; Saville noted that nobody expected "Blue Monday" to be a commercially successful record at all, so nobody expected the cost to be an issue."[23] In Shadowplayers: The Rise and Fall of Factory Records, Saville states "I am so bored with this story. We didn't even know how many of these expensive covers were ever made anyway."[24]
Robertson also noted that "later reissues had subtle changes to limit the cost" (the diecut areas being replaced with printed silver ink).[23] Saville commented in 2013 that the printers "banged out a cheaper version. I don't know how many thousands were sold [the original] way, or whether Factory were charged the full price for something they didn't get, which would be very Factory."[25]
Peter Saville Associates charged Factory £538.20 for the sleeve design.[26] The artwork was so late that Saville sent it straight to the printer, unreviewed by either the band or the label.[27]
The 1988 and 1995 versions were packaged in conventional sleeves.
Music videos[edit]
A music video for a shortened version of the original song was created in 1983, featuring military clips with false colour, simple computer-generated graphics such as colour blocks and geometric lines, digitised video of band members at very low resolution and framerate, and a short appearance of the game Zaxxon (reportedly the Apple II port). The colour blocks were created using Peter Saville's colour-coded alphabet.[28]
On the Australian show Rage, a video was shown containing footage taken from their BBC Top of the Pops performance with the studio track dubbed over it.
The music video for "Blue Monday '88" appears on the Substance video collection (released as a companion to the album of the same name). The video features sketches by photographer William Wegman and his Weimaraner dog named Fay Ray doing balancing acts intercut with hand-drawn animation by Robert Breer. The band members are shown standing around doing various tasks, such as walking a wooden plank over a floor that is painted blue, holding wire-mesh constructed art and milk crates over their faces, being hit by tennis balls, and standing still while they flip through various flip books (tying into the hand-drawn animation sequences).[29]
In September 2012 New Order headlined a festival at Portmeirion in North Wales and festival organisers recruited the support of the local Brythoniaid Male Voice Choir to produce a cover version and accompanying video.[30]
Releases[edit]
"Blue Monday 1988"
"Beach Buggy"
4:57 (7-inch) / 7:10 (12-inch)
"Touched by the Hand of God"
(1987) "Blue Monday 1988"
(1988) "Fine Time"
"Blue Monday-95"
from the album The Rest of New Order
Acid techno
acid trance
London[31]
(1995) "Blue Monday-95"
(1995) "Video 5 8 6"
"Blue Monday" has been a hit several times in the UK. In 1983, it charted twice, initially reaching number 12, then re-entering the chart later in the year and climbing to number 9, helped by the fact that neither side of the single (the B-side "The Beach" was an instrumental re-working of "Blue Monday", whose lyrics include the line "I thought I told you to leave me when I walked down to the beach") was featured on the UK version of the group's subsequent album, Power, Corruption & Lies.
New Order appeared on the BBC's Top of the Pops, on 31 March 1983,[32] to promote the song. New Order insisted on performing "Blue Monday" live. The performance was dogged by technical problems, and was unrepresentative of the recording. In the words of drummer Stephen Morris, "Blue Monday was never the easiest song to perform, anyway, and everything went wrong. The synthesisers went awry. It sounded awful".[33] In 1985, "Blue Monday" and "Thieves Like Us" were officially released in Poland as a 7" single in a different sleeve by Tonpress under license from Factory Records and sold over 50,000 copies and reached number 5 on the year-end single chart.[34] In 1988, "Blue Monday" was officially remixed by Quincy Jones and John Potoker under the title "Blue Monday 1988" (with the instrumental flip being titled "Beach Buggy"). The single reached number 3 on the British chart, number 4 on the Australian chart, and topped the dance chart in the United States. A further official remix/reissue in 1995, with a mix by Hardfloor as the lead track, also made the British Top 20. The song has sold 1.21 million copies in the UK as of October 2015.[35] Overall it has sold over 3 million copies worldwide.[36]
The single was not originally on Power, Corruption & Lies, but was included on the Gap Records Australia/New Zealand cassette version (though listed only on the cassette itself, not on the card)[37] and the 1986 Qwest Records US CD version.[38]
In 2008, Collector's Editions of all New Order's 1980s albums were released, with remastered versions of the original 12" "Blue Monday" and its B-side "The Beach" appearing on the Collector's Edition of Power, Corruption & Lies. Meanwhile, two versions of "Blue Monday '88" appear on the Collector's Edition of 1986's Brotherhood.
1987: Substance 1987 – Original 12" version
1994: Best of New Order – 1988 7" version
1995: Rest of New Order – Hardfloor Mix [note: some versions come with a disc of "Blue Monday" remixes]
2002: International – Original 12" version
2002: Retro – Original 12" version and Jam and Spoon Manuela Mix
2005: Singles – Original 12" version [note: this version omits the opening seconds] and 1988 7" version
2011: Total - Original 12" version
2016: Singles (2016 re-release) - Original 12" version and 1988 7" version[39]
Compilation appearances include
1996 The Best...Album in the World...Ever! - New edited version of 12" mix (runs at 6:45 length)
2001 Mixmag B!g Tunes - Original 12" version
2002 Electric Dreams - Original 12" version[citation needed]
2008 Anthems II 1991-2009 - 1988 7" mix (mixed into "Chime" by Orbital)
2011 Arkives - Plastikman Remix
All tracks are written by Gillian Gilbert, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner; except where indicated.
12": FAC73 (UK) (1983)
1. "Blue Monday" 7:29
2. "The Beach" 7:19
7": Tonpress S-534 (Poland) (1985)
2. "Thieves Like Us" Arthur Baker, Gilbert, Hook, Morris, Sumner 6:36
12": Qwest 0-20332 (US) (1985)
Blue Monday 1988
All tracks are written by Gillian Gilbert, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner.
7": FAC73-7 (UK)
1. "Blue Monday 1988" 4:09
2. "Beach Buggy" 4:18
7": Qwest 7-27979 / Cassette: Qwest 4-27979 (US)
1. "Blue Monday 1988 (Single Mix)" 4:10
2. "Touched by the Hand of God (Single Version)" 3:41
12": FAC73R (UK)
1. "Blue Monday 1988 (12" Version)" 7:09
12": Qwest 0-20869 (US)
1. "Blue Monday 1988 (12" Mix)" 7:09
2. "Blue Monday 1988 (Dub)" 7:16
3. "Touched by the Hand of God (Remix)" 7:02
4. "Touched by the Hand of God (Dub)" 5:30
CD: FACD73R (UK)
1. "Blue Monday 1988 (12-inch)" 7:09
2. "Beach Buggy (12-inch)" 6:52
3. "Blue Monday 1988 (7-inch)" 4:09
Video CD: FACDV73R (UK)
4. "Blue Monday 1988" (Video) 4:09
Cassette: Qwest 4-27979 (Canada)
3. "Blue Monday 1988 (Single Version)" 4:10
4. "Blue Monday 1988 (Dub version)" 7:16
Acid House Mixes By 808 State (1988)
12": CAT 806 EP (UK)
1. "Blue Monday (So Hot Mix)" Gilbert, Hook, Morris, Sumner 7:47
2. "Confusion (Acid House Mix)" Arthur Baker, Gilbert, Hook, Morris, Sumner 5:54
Blue Monday-95
7": NUO 7 (UK)
1. "Blue Monday-95 (Hardfloor Radio Edit)" 4:16
2. "Blue Monday (Original Radio Edit)" (Actually "Blue Monday 1988 (7-inch)") 4:09
12": NUOX7 (UK)
1. "Blue Monday-95 (Hardfloor Mix)" 8:34
2. "Blue Monday-95 (Andrea Mix)" 8:26
3. "Blue Monday-95 (Manuella Mix)" 7:31
4. "Blue Monday (Original Mix)" 7:26
CD: NUOCD 7 (UK)
5. "Blue Monday-95 (Plutone Mix)" 6:29
CD: 850039.2 (Europe)
1. "BlueMonday-95 (Manuela Mix)" 7:31
2. "BlueMonday-95 (Andrea Mix)" 8:28
3. "BlueMonday-95 (Hardfloor Mix)" 8:36
4. "BlueMonday-95 ( Mix)" 5:24
1. "BlueMonday-95 (Plutone Mix)" 6:29
2. "BlueMonday-95 (Starwash Mix)" 5:38
4. "BlueMonday-95 (Hardfloor Dub)" 8:15
"Blue Monday (Plutone Dub)" (4:46) was only made available on promo vinyl FAC73PL
Released in 2004.
Bernard Sumner – vocals, synthesizers and programming
Peter Hook – 6-string bass, electronic percussion
Stephen Morris – drums, synthesizers and programming
Gillian Gilbert – synthesizers and programming
Charts[edit]
Chart (1983–85)
Australia (Kent Music Report)[40] 13
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[41] 4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[42] 7
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)[43] 7
France (SNEP)[44] 38
Germany (Media Control Charts)[45] 2
Ireland (IRMA)[46] 4
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[47] 3
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[48] 2
Poland (LP3)[49] 5
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[50] 10
UK Indie Chart (Official Charts Company)[51] 1
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[53] 5
Chart (2004)
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[54] 76
Australia (ARIA)[55] 4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[56] 14
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[59] 4
New Zealand (RIANZ)[60] 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[61] 9
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play1 [53] 1
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales1 [53] 9
West Germany (Official German Charts)[62] 3
1 - Charted with "Touched by the Hand of God"
Australia (ARIA)[63] 109
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[64] 9
Germany (Official German Charts)[65] 54
Ireland (IRMA)[46] 29
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[66] 38
2006 and 2009 reissues
Belgium (Back Catalogue Singles Flanders)[67] 16
Certifications[edit]
Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[68]
Gold 50,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[69]
Gold 10,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[70]
Platinum 600,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Orgy version[edit]
Single by Orgy
from the album Candyass
nu metal[71]
Elementree
Josh Abraham
Orgy singles chronology
"Stitches"
(1998) "Fiction (Dreams in Digital)"
"Blue Monday / Stitches"
"Blue Monday" was covered by American alternative metal band Orgy.[72] A cover version of the New Order song, it was released on 14 December 1998. Internationally, the song was a hit,[73] appearing on music charts worldwide. It has been attributed with providing industrial and metal music with a fresh connection.[74]
In an interview with Billboard guitarist Amir Derakh said that upon working on the song they "wanted to do the original 'Blue Monday' justice" and had expected more criticism. He went on to say that they felt lucky to have covered it and that they felt it could have been something that they had written.[75] The fact that their first major hit was a cover of the 1980s electronica/dance song did not bother the band.[76]
Their first official single release featured various versions of "Blue Monday" and upon the success of the song the band decided to include their previous single "Stitches" on the second release. With the label's support this release was an enhanced CD that featured the music video for "Blue Monday" on 9 February 1999,[75] which was in QuickTime format. "Blue Monday" has been made into several dance remixes,[77] some which were produced to appeal to the underground dance club scene,[75] and was even advertised under "Club Mix" 2000, a popular dance compilation series.[78]
The music video for "Blue Monday" also appeared on several music television stations, and the song was also released on vinyl.[79]
Success[edit]
The song appeared on modern rock radio stations,[76] and was a hit on MTV;[73] it appeared on MTV's alternative music program 120 minutes[75] and TRL, in which it debuted at number eight on 22 February 1999.[80] The song was perceived as the band's gateway to success, allowing them to tour in Ozzfest.[81] and in the Family Values Tour[73] and led to the rerelease of the song "Stitches".[75] The song appeared in Spin Magazine's "Hits of the Year" for 1999.[82] "Blue Monday" is also said to have helped pave the way for the cyberpunk trend, as best exemplified in the popularity of the movie The Matrix, which appeared soon afterwards.[83] In an interview of Joel Gallen in Los Angeles Magazine, the music supervisors were discussing the use of Orgy's "Blue Monday" for a football scene in Not Another Teen Movie, among others.[84] Stating that the song "had energy", they eventually selected it for the movie,[85] and it appeared in the soundtrack as well.[86]
"Blue Monday" charted internationally, some of which included CMJ's "Commercial Alternative Cuts"[87] and Billboard's Alternative, Pop, and Dance song charts as well as others. It also appeared in Time Magazine[88] and Newsweek[89] in 2000 as featured song clips.
AllMusic (Blue Monday (single)) [90]
AllMusic (Blue Monday / Stitches) [91]
Orgy's "Blue Monday" has been called the "aggro-fied-for-the-1990s" version of New Order's song,[77] and it is considered to be part of a resurgence of new wave covers in gloomcore, along with Dope's cover of Dead or Alive's "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)".[92] Many critics attribute the success of the album Candyass to "Blue Monday", and some anticipated that Orgy would become a one-hit wonder, believing that it would be difficult for the band to follow up with another hit song.[75] Many believed it to be their best song.[93] Porter W. Richards of Sputnik felt that even though many of the songs off of Candyass sounded similar, "Blue Monday" was a great song that should not be overlooked.[74] While the New Order song is viewed positively by the author of the comic book series Blue Monday, Chynna Clugston, in an interview she expresses dislike for the misconception that she borrowed the title for her book from Orgy's cover version rather than the original.[94]
In a January 2000 Spin Magazine interview, Buckcherry's vocalist Josh Todd and guitarist Keith Nelson did not speak highly of the song, likening its sound to a Nine Inch Nails rip-off and calling the sound "mechanical".[82]
Blue Monday (single)
1. "Blue Monday" Radio Edit 3:48
2. "Blue Monday" Album Version 4:26
3. "Blue Monday" Club 69 8:45
4. "Blue Monday" Club 69 Dub 8:14
5. "Blue Monday" Optical Vocal 6:33
Information on Blue Monday (single).[95]
Blue Monday/Stitches
1. "Blue Monday" Single 4:29
3. "Stitches" Green Velvet 6:13
6. "Blue Monday" Optical Instrumental 6:41
7. "Blue Monday" DJ Dan Remix 9:32
Information on Blue Monday/Stitches.[91]
Chart performance[edit]
Australia (ARIA)[96] 36
Canadian Singles Chart[53] 5
CMJ Commercial Alternative Charts[87] 4
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[95] 30
US Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales 30
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales[53] 1
US Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks[53] 18
US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks[53] 4
US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[53] 32
Information on appearances.[99]
Blue Monday (single) (1998)
Blue Monday/Stitches (1998)
Candyass (1998)
I Still Know What You Did Last Summer (1998)
Big Shiny Tunes, Vol. 4 (1999)
Club Mix 2000 (K-Tel) (1999)
Family Values Tour '98 CD (1999)
Shades of Technology (1999)
The F111 House Session (2000)
Kerrang: Life Is Loud (2001)
Not Another Teen Movie (2001)
Ultimate Teen Flick Soundtrack (2002)
Nevermind the Originals, Here's the Covers (2003)
X-Treme Rock (2003)
Game Center CX Season 1, Episode 7 (2004)
All That Alternative (2005)
Trans Global Spectacle (2005)
America's Got Talent Season 14, Episode 2 (Emerald Belles) (2019)
Flunk version[edit]
Single by Flunk
from the album Blue Monday
8 April 2002 (Norway)
3 June 2002 (UK and various)
Beatservice
BS053 (CD)
Flunk covered the song and released it as single in 2002. In this version, Flunk slows down "Blue Monday" making it a popular hit for Flunk,[100] based in part on the song's wide recognition. The lyrics become the focus for this version rather than the danceable beat (which was emphasized in the original version).[citation needed] The single received generally positive reviews by electronic music critics,[100] but Mallory O'Donnell of Stylus Magazine commented that Flunk "only showed the paucity of melody" of the original New Order song.[101] The cover was included in the 2004 film Walking Tall, starring Dwayne Johnson. The song was subsequently remixed, with at least 7 remixes along with the original version available. The original release was on the 2002 EP titled Blue Monday. This version of the song can be heard briefly in Nancy Drew.
2002 EP track listing[edit]
"Eight Days a Freak"
"Blue Monday" (Howard Maple Mess Up Mix)
808 State version[edit]
In 2004, Aphex Twin's Rephlex Records released 808 State's acid house version of Blue Monday which had been recorded in 1988. A favourite at The Haçienda's Hot Night, the recording was believed lost until Autechre's Sean Booth asked Graham Massey to dig through his archive of old 808 State acid house material.[102] Aphex Twin said at the time: "If you're a dance music fan these recordings are almost like a missing link. Bands like New Order helped create house, acid and techno. This is 808 State paying homage to their elders."[103]
^ "Blue Monday" only appears on certain cassette and CD versions of Power, Corruption & Lies.[1]
^ a b "New Order, 'Power, Corruption & Lies' | 100 Best Albums of the Eighties". Rolling Stone. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ a b John Bush. "Blue Monday review at Allmusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 12 September 2012. "Still the best-selling 12" single of all time, "Blue Monday" cemented New Order's transition from post-punk to alternative dance with vivid sequencers"
^ Alexis Petridis (14 June 2011). "An indie label releases Blue Monday, the second biggest selling 12-inch single ever". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
^ "The history of the Official Charts: the Eighties". London: Official Charts Company. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ http://www.acclaimedmusic.net/artist/New%20Order.htm
^ a b c BBC Radio 2 website (April 2005). "Sold on Song - "Blue Monday"". Retrieved 12 August 2012.
^ NME.COM. "New Order - How We Wrote 'Blue Monday' - NME.COM". Retrieved 31 August 2016.
^ "50 songs to make you dance". The Telegraph. 7 February 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ Williams, Alex (11 October 2017). "Return of the '80s! Synth-Pop Bands Stage a Middle-Aged Comeback". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ Google Books
^ "Oberheim DMX Vintage Synth Explorer". Vintagesynth.com. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ Simpson, Dave (11 February 2013). "How we made: New Order's Gillian Gilbert and designer Peter Saville on Blue Monday". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ Tom Flint. "Recreating New Order's 'Blue Monday' Live". Soundonsound.com. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ a b c d Heylin, Clinton (2 July 2015). "The great rock'n'roll swindle – 10 classic stolen pop songs from Saint Louis Blues to Blue Monday". the Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ On Bass [Peter Hook interview], BBC4 television, 20 January 2019
^ "Bernard Sumner talks to Northern Soul". Northern Soul. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ "Blue Monday -- Songlexikon". Songlexikon.de. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
^ "Encore? Encore? Enough of this crushingly predictable gig ritual". Guardian.co.uk. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
^ Hall, Marko M. (October 2013). Fischer, Dr. Dr. Michael; Hörner, Prof. Dr. Fernand; Jost, PD Dr. Christofer (eds.). "Blue Monday". Songlexikon - The Encyclopedia of Songs. Zentrum für Populäre Kultur und Musik, University of Freiburg, University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
^ Ami Sedghi (4 November 2012). "UK's million-selling singles: the full list". Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
^ a b Paul Hetherington (October 2012). "Deciphered: Peter Saville". Upon Paper. London: Uponpaper.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ Matthew Robertson (2007). Factory Records: The Complete Graphic Album. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-8118-5642-3.
^ a b 24 Hour Party People DVD, director's commentary, Wilson interviews Saville
^ James Nice (2011). Shadowplayers: The Rise and Fall of Factory Records. Aurum Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-84513-634-5.
^ Simpson, Dave. "How we made: New Order's Gillian Gilbert and designer Peter Saville on Blue Monday". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
^ "Peter Saville Associates stationery". Cerysmatic Factory. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
^ "Peter Saville: "I never had to answer to anyone"". The Talks. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013. New Order didn't approve it, they rarely saw it. More often than not they would go directly from me; "Blue Monday" for example went directly from me to the printer.
^ "Peter Saville's Alphabet - AOL Video". Video.aol.com. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ "Blue Monday by William Wegman and Robert Breer with New Order". Electronic Arts Intermix. Archived from the original on 28 November 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ Festival No.6 presents the Brythoniaid Male Voice Choir - 'Blue Monday'. 16 August 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012 – via YouTube.
^ "NewOrder* - Blue Monday-95 (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ ""Top of the Pops" Episode dated 31 March 1983 (TV Episode 1983)". IMDb. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ Dave Simpson, Dorian Lynskey (29 July 2006). "You woke up on a Thursday and it smelled like a Top of the Pops day". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ Andrzej Buda Historia rocka, popu i hip-hopu wedlu krytykow, Wydawnictwo Niezalezne: 33, 2006, ISBN 978-83-915272-8-3
^ Myers, Justin (24 October 2015). "Quiz: Who sold more?". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
^ https://itunes.apple.com/ca/artist/new-order/176722
^ New Order – Power, Corruption & Lies at Discogs
^ New Order / Updated and improved Singles compilation on the way June 23, 2016 by Paul Sinclair superdeluxeedition.com
^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970-1992. St Ives, NSW, Australia: Australian Chart Book. p. 215. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
^ "Austriancharts.at – New Order – Blue Monday" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Ultratop.be – New Order – Blue Monday" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Blue Monday - NEW ORDER". Top30-2.radio2.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2013. Hoogste notering in de top 30 : 7
^ "InfoDisc : Tous les Titres par Artiste" (in French). InfoDisc. 23 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2013. You have to use the index at the top of the page and search "New Order"
^ "Single - New Order, Blue Monday". OfficialCharts.de. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ a b c "The Irish Charts - All there is to know". IRMA. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2013. 1st, 2nd and 4th results when searching "Blue Monday"
^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – New Order - Blue Monday / The Beach" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Charts.nz – New Order – Blue Monday". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Lista Przebojów Programu 3". LP3. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ "Swisscharts.com – New Order – Blue Monday". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ a b "Indie Hits "N"". Cherry Red Records. Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
^ a b c d "New Order". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "New Order awards at Allmusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ "Chart Log UK - 1994–2010 - Nadanuf – Michael Nyman". Zobbel.de. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
^ "Australian-charts.com – New Order – Blue Monday 1988". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Ultratop.be - New Order – Blue Monday 1988". Ultratop. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ "Blue Monday '88 - NEW ORDER". Top30-2.radio2.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2013. Hoogste notering in de top 30 : 6
^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – New Order - Blue Monday 1988" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Dutchcharts.nl – New Order – Blue Monday 1988" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Charts.nz - New Order – Blue Monday 1988". charts.nz. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
^ "New Order – Blue Monday 1988". swisscharts.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^ "Offiziellecharts.de – New Order – Blue Monday 1988". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Response from ARIA re: chart inquiry, received 15 July 2015". Imgur.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
^ Jake Nyman (2005). Suomi soi 4: Suuri suomalainen listakirja (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Tammi. ISBN 951-31-2503-3.
^ "Offiziellecharts.de – New Order – Blue Monday (Hardfloor Mix)". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Swedishcharts.com – New Order – Blue Monday (Hardfloor Mix)". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "50 Back Catalogue Singles – 31/10/2009". Ultratop. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Canadian single certifications – New Order – Blue Monday". Music Canada. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
^ "New Zealand single certifications – New Order – Blue Monday". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
^ "British single certifications – New Order – Blue Monday". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 7 June 2019. Select singles in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type Blue Monday in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
^ Hill, Stephen (4 July 2017). "The Top 40 nu-metal songs of all time". Metal Hammer. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^ Brusca, p. 544.
^ a b c Bessman, p. 25.
^ a b Porter W. Richards. "Orgy: Candyass". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
^ a b c d e f Hay, p. 84.
^ a b Hay, p. 13.
^ a b Kenneally (March 1999), p. 46.
^ Billboard (4 March 2000), p. 102.
^ "Orgy - Blue Monday (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
^ Jackman, p. 128.
^ Bessman, p. 75.
^ a b Kenneally (January 2000), p. 102.
^ Richardson, p. 69.
^ Melton, p. 35.
^ Udo.
^ a b CMJ New Music Report, p. 21.
^ Hadden, et al., p. 3.
^ Strousse, et al., p. 7.
^ "Blue Monday (Single)". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
^ a b "Blue Monday/Stitches". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
^ Clover, p. 201.
^ Whitburn, p. 103.
^ Shirley, p. 220.
^ a b "Charts.nz – Orgy – Blue Monday". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Australian-charts.com – Orgy – Blue Monday". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Orgy – Blue Monday". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Orgy awards on Allmusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "Blue Monday - Orgy". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
^ a b "Flunk". Flunkmusic.com. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
^ "Top Ten Reasons Why "Bizarre Love Triangle" > "Blue Monday" - Staff Top 10". Stylus Magazine. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
^ Stuart Aitken (October 2004). "Saved from the vaults, back on the decks". BBC.
^ Stuart Aitken (May 2005). "Stuart Aitken". Stuartaitken.com.
Bessman, Jim (23 September 2000). "Orgy Expands on Elemtree's 'Vapor'". Billboard. Vol. 112 no. 39. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 138. ISSN 0006-2510.
Billboard Magazine. Vol. 112 no. 10. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 4 March 2000. p. 132. ISSN 0006-2510. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Brusca, Donny (2006). BPM List 2006: Main Edition. Lulu.com. p. 700. ISBN 978-1-84728-860-8.
Clover, Joshua (November 2000). "Jukebox Culture". Spin Magazine. Vol. 16 no. 11. SPIN Media LLC. p. 224. ISSN 0886-3032.
"Commercial Alternative Cuts". CMJ New Music Report. Vol. 57 no. 604. CMJ Network, Inc. 8 February 1999. p. 60. ISSN 0890-0795.
Hadden, Briton; et al. (2000). Time Magazine. Vol. 155. Time Inc. ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1767509. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Hay, Carla (6 February 1999). "Elemtree's Orgy Hits with '80s cover". Billboard Magazine. Vol. 111 no. 6. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 84. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jackman, Ian (2000). TRL: the ultimate fan guide. Simon and Schuster. p. 144. ISBN 0-7434-1850-6.
Kenneally, Tim (March 1999). "Just can't get enough: Orgy are, like, totally awesome 80's". Spin Magazine. Vol. 15 no. 3. SPIN Media LLC. p. 164. ISSN 0886-3032.
Kenneally, Tim (January 2000). "Buckcherry's Jukebox Jury". Spin Magazine. Vol. 16 no. 1. SPIN Media LLC. p. 144. ISSN 0886-3032.
Melton, Mary (December 2001). "Burden of Spoof". Los Angeles Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 12. Emmis Communications. p. 192. ISSN 1522-9149.
Richardson (November 2000). "Orgy". CMJ New Music Monthly. No. 87. CMJ Network, Inc. p. 112. ISSN 1074-6978.
Shirley, Ian (2005). Can rock & roll save the world?: an illustrated history of music and comics. SAF Publishing Ltd. p. 256. ISBN 0-946719-80-2.
Strousse, Jean; et al. (2000). "Newsweek". Newsweek. Vol. 135 no. 10–17. Newsweek, Inc. ISSN 0028-9604. OCLC 1760328.
Udo, Tommy (2002). Brave nu world. Sanctuary. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-86074-415-0.
Whitburn, Joel (2003). Joel Whitburn's rock tracks: mainstream rock 1981–2002 : modern rock, 1988–2002 : bonus section! classic rock tracks, 1964–1980. Record Research. p. 335. ISBN 0-89820-153-5.
New Order discography (includes images of sleeve)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
How we made: New Order's Gillian Gilbert and designer Peter Saville on Blue Monday
Phil Cunningham
Tom Chapman
Power, Corruption & Lies
Low-Life
Waiting for the Sirens' Call
Lost Sirens
Music Complete
BBC Radio 1 Live In Concert
Live at the London Troxy
Live at Bestival 2012
Substance 1987
The Best of New Order
Total: From Joy Division to New Order
Remix albums
The Rest of New Order
Complete Music
EPs and other releases
The Peel Sessions
The Peter Saville Show Soundtrack
"Ceremony"
"Procession"
"Everything's Gone Green"
"Confusion"
"Thieves Like Us"
"Murder"
"The Perfect Kiss"
"Sub-culture"
"Shellshock"
"State of the Nation"
"Bizarre Love Triangle"
"True Faith"
"Fine Time"
"Round & Round"
"Run 2"
"World in Motion"
"Regret"
"Ruined in a Day"
"World (The Price of Love)"
"True Faith-94"
"Video 5 8 6"
"60 Miles an Hour"
"Someone Like You"
"Here to Stay"
"Krafty"
"Jetstream"
"Waiting for the Sirens' Call"
"Restless"
"Tutti Frutti"
"Dreams Never End"
"Doubts Even Here"
"Love Vigilantes"
"Age of Consent"
"Lonesome Tonight"
"Elegia"
"Plastic"
New Order Story
Live in Glasgow
Freebass
Peter Hook and The Light
The Haçienda
Rob Gretton
List of tribute albums
Jay Gordon
Nic Speck
Carlton Bost
Creighton Emrick
Marton Veress
Ryan Shuck
Amir Derakh
Paige Haley
Ashburn Miller
Ilia Yordanov
Raanen Bozzio
Vapor Transmission
Punk Statik Paranoia
Trans Global Spectacle
"Vague"
"Pure"
Family Values Tour 1998
Wide Awake and Dead Tour
Julien-K
The Wondergirls
Dead by Sunrise
Electric Love Hogs
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Monday_(New_Order_song)&oldid=933723230"
Billboard Dance Club Songs number-one singles
Hi-NRG songs
Music videos directed by Gregory Dark
New Order (band) songs
Orgy (band) songs
Song recordings produced by Josh Abraham
Songs written by Bernard Sumner
Songs written by Gillian Gilbert
Songs written by Peter Hook
Songs written by Stephen Morris (musician)
Factory Records singles
CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)
CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
Use dmy dates from May 2016
Singlechart usages for Austria
Singlechart usages for Flanders
Singlechart usages for Dutch40
Singlechart called without song
Singlechart usages for New Zealand
Singlechart usages for Switzerland
Singlechart usages for Australia
Singlechart usages for Dutch100
Singlechart usages for West Germany
Singlechart usages for Germany2
Singlechart usages for Sweden
Certification Table Entry usages for Canada
Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand
Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom
Singlechart making named ref


text:
Marcel Petit (né à Graveson le  et mort à Arles le ), dit l'Abbé Marcel Petit, était un prêtre du diocèse d'Aix-en-Provence et un éditeur spécialisé dans la diffusion de la littérature en langue d'oc.

Biographie
Issu d'une famille provençalophone de Graveson dans les Bouches-du-Rhône, il est nommé curé de la paroisse Raphèle-lès-Arles en 1948. Il l'occupera jusqu'à sa retraite en 1998. En parallèle de son rôle ecclésiastique, il y crée rapidement une maison d'édition baptisée Culture Provençale et Méridionale spécialisée dans l'impression et la diffusion de la littérature en langue d'oc. Au cours de la seconde moitié du , ces éditions jouèrent un rôle important dans la sauvegarde de la littérature d'oc, en particulier en collectant et rééditant les œuvres de Frédéric Mistral et des premiers félibres. Durant cette période, l'activité de collecte de l'abbé Petit et de sa maison d'éditions s'étendit également peu à peu en direction de tous les livres concernant les pays d'Oc puis vers tous les livres en général. En 1998, elle finit par regrouper environ quarante tonnes de livres dont environ un millier d'ouvrages rares. Principalement stockés dans l'église de Raphèle, ceux-ci finirent par envahir tout le lieu et provoquèrent sa fermeture quelques mois avant la retraite du prêtre. Obligé de réagir, l'archevêché favorisa la reprise d'une partie du fond par la ville d'Arles. Le reste fit l'objet d'une vente aux enchères ou fut transmis à une association fondée en 1999 et baptisée CRED'DO (Centre de Rencontres, d'Études, de Documentation et de Diffusion d'Oc). Cette association, destinée à la promotion de la littérature en langue d'oc, fut installée dans la maison natale de l'abbé transformée en bibliothèque et en centre de recherche.

Bibliographie
 Prouvènço Aro, n°172, , p. 16, .
 France 3 Provence-Alpes, Emission Vaqui, , .
 La Provence, .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1920
Naissance dans les Bouches-du-Rhône
Prêtre catholique français du XXe siècle
Décès à Arles
Décès en décembre 2008
Décès à 88 ans

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