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Donald Trump: Anti-Capitalist
One of the great dangers of the 2016 election is that many Americans will mistake Donald Trump for an advocate of capitalism. Although he is a wealthy businessman, Trump is anti-capitalist in ideology.
The Democrats often are explicitly anti-capitalist; they represent the soft-socialism of so-called progressivism—the "democratic socialism" that Bernie Sanders loudly trumpets and that Hillary Clinton defensively parrots. This camp advocates redistributive taxation and heavy regulations on businesses to fight income inequality and other alleged economic injustices.
It is convenient for leftists to brand Trump's racially tinged, nationalistic policies as "capitalist." In reality, Trump's proposals are diametrically opposed to capitalism. The "debate" between the democratic socialism of the left and Trump's nationalism is really one between two forms of statism. Indeed, in many ways Sanders's brand of statism and Trump's brand of statism converge; consider, for example, the two candidates' advocacy of restraints on international trade.
Before reflecting on some of the ways that Trump is an anti-capitalist, we should review briefly what capitalism is, so that we can tell what it is not.
In its narrow economic sense, capitalism refers to the development of capital—tools, factories, ships, software, and so on—that vastly expands people's productivity and makes possible unlimited increases in standards of living. In this sense capitalists are those who invest the resources on which capital formation depends.
Here we are interested in the broader meaning of capitalism, as a political-economic system of liberty, including rule of law and property rights, that enables individuals to pursue their own values by their own judgment and, consequently, to pursue the heights of economic prosperity. In this sense, capitalism has never existed in pure form; where it has existed it has always been mixed to a lesser or greater degree with rights-violating practices; it is, as Ayn Rand puts it, an "unknown ideal."
It is possible for someone to invest in capital, and to be a capitalist in that narrow sense, but to be ideologically mixed or antagonistic with respect to capitalism as the political-economic system of liberty. Rand dramatized the worst sort of such "capitalists" as many of her villains in Atlas Shrugged. In our world, people such as Michael Bloomberg, Warren Buffet, Bill Gates, and George Soros have been enormously successful in business and yet have supported rights-violating, statist policies to various degrees.
Ideologically, Trump is nearly as antagonistic to capitalism as is Sanders. At least in some ways (and arguably on net), he is even more stridently anti-capitalist than is Clinton. Trump occasionally mouths rhetoric somewhat friendly to capitalism only when he praises individuals and nations for achieving great wealth or picks up free-market-leaning talking points from conservatives (which he almost certainly does not genuinely understand or embrace). In almost all of his rhetoric, in all of the policies that animate him, and even in some of his business practices, Trump stands opposed to capitalism. Let us count some of the ways.
1. Trump threatened Amazon with political reprisals via tax and antitrust enforcement.
This point shows Trump's anti-capitalism in three distinct ways: He threatened a business owner with political reprisals; he threatened to use the tax code specifically for this purpose, thereby sanctioning the existence of such tax laws; and he threatened to use antitrust law for this purpose, thereby sanctioning the existence of antitrust laws.
Here is what Trump said:
[The Washington Post] is owned as a toy by Jeff Bezos who controls Amazon. Amazon is getting away with murder tax-wise. He's using the Washington Post for power so that the politicians in Washington don't tax Amazon like they should be taxed. [Bezos is] worried about me . . . [because] he thinks I would go after him for antitrust because he's got a huge antitrust problem. Amazon is controlling so much of what they're doing. . . . What he's got is a monopoly and he wants to make sure I don't get in.
Obviously threatening to unleash government force against political opponents is anti-capitalistic; capitalism is based on individual rights and a government based on rule of just law.
Just as obvious, seizing producers' wealth by government force is anti-capitalistic; producers have a moral right to their wealth, and it is a violation of their rights to confiscate it.
Perhaps less obvious to some but just as important, passing or enforcing antitrust laws is also anti-capitalistic, because such laws interfere with consensual relationships on a free market, instead imposing government dictates for how businesses must operate. (Antitrust is a complex topic; for more information see Rand's remarks and the books The Abolition of Antitrust and The Causes and Consequences of Antitrust.)
2. Trump praises eminent domain, and his businesses have threatened to use it.
In capitalism, property rights are inviolate; no one may seize the property of another. But Trump does not believe in private property rights; he believes in government power to redistribute property via eminent domain.
As David Boaz relates, not only have Trump's business concerns threatened to pursue eminent domain on at least two occasions, Trump has explicitly praised the use of government force to take property from some people and transfer it to others.
Government does play a proper role in resolving property disputes over abandoned properties and in addressing property uses that harm others' enjoyment of their property. But that's not what Trump advocates; he advocates taking people's houses so that developers can build "beautiful fountains" and the like.
3. Trump has threatened a "trade war" with other nations.
Donald Trump has called for tariffs on goods from other nations, and he has explicitly threatened a "trade war."
Trump's policies would increase costs for U.S. producers and consumers and risk throwing the U.S. economy into recession.
Here, too, Trump is anti-capitalist. In capitalism, producers and consumers may buy and sell goods and services with whomever they please, anywhere in the world, excepting only some highly delimited cases (such as the selling of military goods to hostile nations).
Notably, Trump treats trade essentially as collectivistic, rather than as something to which individuals have a right. He talks about national trade as though it were something above and beyond the trade of all the individuals here. He talks about "American jobs," as though the jobs an employer creates somehow belong to the nation and its government. He talks about the nation "losing" in trade, regardless of the individual choices that traders and investors voluntarily make.
Trump deserves a little credit for allowing his handlers to add language to his web site about cutting U.S. corporate tax rates, which indeed would partly unshackle U.S. producers, but on the whole Trump is strongly anti-capitalist with respect to international trade.
4. Trump wants to restrict immigration on explicitly protectionist grounds.
It's one thing to say the U.S. government should more proactively screen immigrants for violent tendencies and more proactively deport or imprison violent immigrants. It's quite another to say, as Trump does, that the U.S. government should forcibly restrict U.S. employers from hiring peaceable immigrants.
In capitalism, employers may hire any peaceable persons they choose; they have no obligation to hire someone just because they were born in one place rather than another. Similarly, under capitalism, property owners may invite any peaceable person onto their property that they choose.
Dangerously, Trump scapegoats immigrants, wrongly blaming them for high unemployment rates among certain segments of American workers and other for ills—even though rights-violating U.S. policies, not immigrants, demonstrably are to blame for those problems. For example, minimum wage laws, laws that interfere with employer-union contracts, licensing laws, and many other sorts of interventions drive many Americans into the unemployment lines.
At one point, Trump promised to forcibly deport some eleven million peaceable immigrants who are in the country illegally. (Trump seems not to really believe his own statements in this regard, as he seems not to really believe many things he says, but nevertheless he said it.) Not only would such a policy blatantly violate the rights of U.S. employers to hire immigrants and of peaceable people to live and work where they want, it would require the creation of a full-blown fascist police state to implement.
5. Trump relied on subsidies and discriminatory taxation to get ahead in business.
In capitalism, producers bear their own costs and operate on a level legal playing field. Trump operated his businesses by securing government subsidies and tax favoritism—thereby counting on government to throttle his competitors by taxing them more.
As the Los Angeles Times reported in 2011, Trump "built his empire in part through government largesse and connections." The article continues: "In New York, Trump was the first developer to receive a public subsidy for commercial projects under programs initially reserved for improving slum neighborhoods." Trump also benefitted from generous "tax abatement" programs, meaning that government taxed him at much lower rates than it taxed his competitors.
This is a tricky issue because, as I've explained elsewhere, business leaders morally may take advantage of certain government programs which they did not create and which they explicitly oppose, if for the sake of partial restitution for government seizing their wealth elsewhere.
But Trump did not take advantage of subsidies and tax favoritism for the explicit purpose of mitigating his long-term tax burden, nor did he explicitly call for an end to subsidies and for equitable tax cuts for all. Rather, he actively sought subsidies and tax favoritism and sanctioned their existence, as the Times's article makes clear.
6. Trump financed anti-gambling campaigns in New York to protect his gambling operations in Atlantic City.
In capitalism, business leaders must compete in a free market; they may not use government force to harm competitors. Trump intentionally advocated government action to throttle his potential business competitors.
As the New York Times reported in 2000, "Donald J. Trump and his associates . . . secretly financed newspaper advertisements opposing casino gambling in the Catskills." Why? "Trump has long feared that competition in the Catskills would undermine the gambling industry in Atlantic City, where he owns three casinos." (I first learned of this story from Politico. Note that I don't approve of the lobbying regulations or fines discussed by the Times.)
This is a perfect case of what Bruce Yandle calls the "bootleggers and baptists" phenomenon, when supposed do-gooders (in this case members of an anti-gambling group) team up with interests who do the very thing the supposed do-gooders oppose, to forcibly restrict competition in the field.
Although hardly the worst of Trump's offenses, this case clearly illustrates Trump's antagonism toward capitalism.
Here I have outlined only some of the major ways that Trump is by practice and by ideology anti-capitalist. But mine is not too difficult a case to make. Trump has never pretended to advocate capitalism; it's not as though he punctuates his public speeches with references to individual rights and free markets. Nor do Trump's supporters pretend that he advocates capitalism.
No honest, informed person can reflect on the matter for more than a few minutes and conclude that Trump is anything other than anti-capitalist in basic orientation.
But I do think there is value in drawing attention to this fact and in reviewing some of the relevant details. After all, leaders of the Republican Party especially since Reagan often have voiced support at least for aspects of capitalism, even when Republican politicians often have acted by statist rather than capitalist principles.
With Trump now at the top of the Republican ticket, no one may now pretend that the GOP is any longer or in any way the party of capitalism—at least for now. Some Republicans continue to advocate capitalism, and many more unseriously mouth support for aspects of capitalism, but they are now outcasts riding in the box cars of the Trump Train.
Those of us who understand and advocate capitalism would do well not to let others forget that Trump is anti-capitalist—this goes for the left, Trump's supporters, and other members of the Republican Party. Under Trump, the Republican Party even more than before stands for statism, not capitalism, and hence is competing with the Democrats merely over which brand of statism to impose.
· Donald Trump Would Be the Least-Qualified Person Ever to Be Elected President
· Why Liberty Advocates Should Join the Republican Party, Not Abandon It, Despite Trump
· Still, Never Trump
Image: Gage Skidmore
I Came to the Same Conclusion
Great article, Ari. Your evaluation of Trump as anti-capitalist is very similar to my own, though expressed much more clearly. I do think that a significant portion of the population are unlikely to take the few moments necessary to see that he is not a capitalist. After all, many will think, he is rich so he must be a capitalist.
It is this mistaken attribution of him as a capitalist which puts Trump at the top of my "people I will not vote for" list. To be fair, Hillary and Bernie are on the same list.
Again, I very much enjoyed your article.
—Patrick L. Black
Author Ari ArmstrongPosted on May 31, 2016 May 15, 2017 Categories PoliticsTags Capitalism, Donald Trump, Elections
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Malory walked out of her office and into her classroom, looking around with a smile. She remembered her own days of learning Transfiguration in this very room, and she cast a reminiscent glance at the seat which used to be hers. Now she would be taking the seat at the front of the classroom.
Professor Wells. It looked so... strange! She knew it would be even stranger to hear the students address her as such. Thinking of the students, she suddenly wondered whether any of them would remember seeing anything about her in the media back when she was singing and modelling for a career. Hopefully any students with Muggle heritage wouldn't have seen the Muggle papers featuring her. She squashed these worries quickly, realizing that they were only third years. Maybe the older students would remember, but she was fairly sure she wouldn't have to worry with this class.
She turned and sat in the chair behind her desk, waiting for her first class of students to arrive.
Hazel hurried to Transfiguration, her books and wand clutched in her arms. She arrived at the room, surprisingly early, and dropped her stuff on a desk in the middle row. She swung into the desk and tapped her fingers quietly on the textbook, waiting for the others to arrive. She looked around the room and at their new teacher. She seemed vaguely familiar but Hazel couldn't place from where.
Lizzie arrived just moments after her friend and took a seat next to her, placing her wand and textbook on the desk. She glanced next at the board, and grinned excitedly. She loved Transfiguration! She was about to turn back to Hazel and begin talking while they waited for the rest of the class, but just as she started turning, she caught sight of the new Transfiguration Professor. She looked familiar. Lizzie frowned and looked again at the board. Professor Wells... Wells... where did she know the name from? She shook her head and turned to Hazel, flicking her eyes over to the Professor to silently ask her friend whether she had any idea why the Professor seemed so familiar.
Soon enough, the class had entered the room and Malory stood, ready to begin the lesson. First of all, though, she had to check who was here. She called out the names in alphabetical order, doing her best to remember where each student was.
Once all students had been called and either marked present or absent, Malory looked around. She was briefly aware of two Ravenclaw girls having looked at her curiously, and a few other students had also seemed to think her familiar, but so far no one had said anything. She was glad.
"Right, class. Today you will be learning how to transfigure a cauldron into a sieve." With a wave of her hand, a stock of standard cauldrons flew out of a cupboard and began to land in front of each student. She remembered her own Transfiguration Professor having provided them with cauldrons for this spell, and he had said it was so each student was working with the same type of cauldron. He had later told them that it made no difference, that the spell worked the same no matter what the cauldron was made of, but it stopped students complaining that 'so-and-so can only do it because their cauldron is different to mine' and other such similar complaints.
"The incantation you need for this spell is Tamisium." She informed the class, waving her hand again so that the chalk wrote the incantation on the board behind her. She really should start doing things by hand, but it was too much bother to turn around and take her attention away from the class. Who knew what they could get up to if her back was turned for even a moment? She knew what things were like back when she was a student, and that was only a few years ago.
Noticing that all students now had a cauldron in front of them, Malory summoned the last one to her desk so she could demonstrate the spell. She pointed her wand at the cauldron, and spoke the incantation. Immediately, the cauldron became a sieve.
"Now, I would like you all to have a go. If you need help, please do not be afraid to ask." She smiled, knowing herself how awkward she had felt the rare times she had needed to ask a teacher for help. She had definitely been one of those students who try to struggle through on their own before asking for any assistance. She hoped she came off friendly enough that her students wouldn't fear asking her for help.
Hazel waved, still feeling that she'd seen their teacher before but she didn't know where. One of her father or step-mother's friends? That didn't seem right. She missed most of Professor Wells's speech and only managed to remember to tune in the hear the very end.
Their teacher preformed a spell, transforming the cauldron in front of her into a sieve. Hazel smiled but inside was worried. What was the spell that they needed? She was about to ask Elizabeth, stepping forward, when she almost fell on her face, tripping over a quite inconviently placed cauldron. She managed to stop herself in time, though, blushing.
"Now, I would like you all to have a go. If you need help, please do not be afraid to ask."
Hazel had to bite her lip to stop herself from laughing. As if. And admit that she wasn't paying attention. She would have to be out of her mind. She instead, carefully, leaned towards Lizzie and whispered, "What's the spell?"
The familiarity of the young new Professor ceased to bother Lizzie as the class began. Transfiguration was definitely her favourite subject, and without tooting her own horn she was rather skilled in the subject. She grinned as she watched the Professor turn a cauldron into a sieve and hoped that she would be able to do it too.
Lizzie turned to Hazel just after the Professor told them to have a go. She smiled at her friend who had clearly been thinking of other things. "Tamisium." She replied, and then pointed at the board behind the Professor where the spell had been written up. She didn't mind helping Hazel, though. After all, what were friends for?
Turning back to her own cauldron, she picked up her wand and pointed it at the cauldron. "Tamisium" she muttered, and was thrilled when the cauldron turned into a sieve.
"Excellent, Miss King! Five points to Ravenclaw!"
Malory smiled as she saw one of the young Ravenclaw students succeed in transforming her cauldron into a sieve on the first attempt. Obviously she was talented in the subject, and Malory was looking forward to seeing just how talented she was.
She glanced around the rest of the class, pleased to notice several other students managing to transform their cauldron into a sieve in few attempts. It really was rewarding to see them getting the hang of something she taught them, even if it was a relatively simple transfiguration. She couldn't wait until they got onto the trickier spells!


Who was AP, the pre World War Two northern California photographer who created several series of Nevada post cards?
The California Photographer who is listed twice in the 1940 U.S. Census in different cities. And who produced real photo postcards of Nevada. Who is A.P.?
In the late 1930's, a California photographer who used the initials AP to identify his work, produced a series of post cards of Nevada towns along U.S. highways 40 and 50.
No name, just an A and a P attached to each other was the only clue as to who the photographer was.
In the early 1900 during what would become known as the Golden Age of post cards, many professional photographers added post cards to their retail portfolio.
Like most artists photographers putting their name of their art. Most used their full name or business, often on the back of the post card.
In addition to determining where in Nevada the photograph for the post card was taken, it is also important to determine when, and who the photographer was and who published the post card.
One of the photographers who only used a small logo that looked like a backward K attached to a P remained unidentified.
Upon closer look at the few cards I had in my collection, as well as in dealer's boxes, it was not a K, but rather an A. and a P.
Initially I assumed the "A.P." stood for the news wire, Associated Press. I thought for a while the news wire association had licensed a post card company to use the A.P's photographs to produce post cards.
But most of the post cards I found the AP initials were not a period P. period, instead the A and P were attached.
And there it stood; A few Carson City post cards, Lake Tahoe, and Winnemucca, but no idea who A. P. was.
In a white rectangular box at the bottom of the photograph.
Or, was I missing the obvious! Was Asher was just a sidebar business of FrAsher of Pomona? And, Asher's first name was Fred as in Fr Asher? or Father Asher.
No! deciding the 10th cup of coffee was pushing me into a galaxy far far away.
A Google search quickly turned up "Asher's Photo Studio" in Sacramento. A Sacramento photographer taking photographs of nearby Lake Tahoe? Sure, made sense, I had found the window into who Asher was, or so I thought.
From Google to eBay finding cabinet cards for Asher's Photo Studio, on J Street in Sacramento. While not Nevada, the price was right, and bought the photographs.
A week later, the two Asher cabinet cards arrived. Which lead to the question, how old Asher was when he produced post cards in the late-1930's and early 1940's.
Time to find out a bit more of Asher from Sacramento.
First stop, Carl Maurtz book, "Biographies of Western Photographers," There on page 77 is a brief bio on Julius Asher who opened the "Opposition Gallery" on J Street in Sacramento by 1877.
The bio listed Asher's birth place and date as "Bavaria, 1847. Which means by the mid 1930's the Sacramento photographer would have been in his late 80's.
Died in 1924! that takes Julius Asher out of the running for the photographer or publisher of the 1930's real photo post cards of Nevada.
Maybe a relative of Ashers?
Put Asher Photo's off to the side again and back to work on Albertype post cards of Nevada.
Among the post cards, one from Reno stands out.
A search of the Placerville newspaper, the between 1935 and 1940 turns up a W.G. Asher in the March 31, 1938 issue of the Mountain Democrat. And the article identifies Asher as a photographer.
Good, right time period, right profession, and right last name, but in Coloma, not Placerville, close but no cigar – yet.
The post cards feature a small photograph of the subject of the post card, and then eight to ten typewritten paragraphs about the image in the photograph.
Similar layout to the Reno post card.
Now, with a time period, the first initial, a middle initial, and a last name, along with a couple of towns within a few miles of each other time to check the U.S. Census for those two towns in 1930 and 1940.
Nothing in the 1930 census.
He told the census taker he was 59, married, and was born in England.
One hundred and twenty five miles south of Butte, in Placerville a different census taker was at work.
A William Asher told the Placerville census taker, on April 15, his occupation was that of a "photographer." He told the census taker he was 59, married, and was born in England.
So, either there were two 59-year-old William Ashers, who were born in England, married and were photographers or they are the same person.
The Asher's told the 1940 Placerville census taker they were living in Placerville since 1935.
And at some point between 1935 and 1940 Asher lived and produced post cards in Coloma.
Beyond the information contained in the 1940 census, and the post cards themselves, there is very little definitive information on William G. and Olive Asher, before or after that date.
In the earliest photo there is an automobile parked in front of the building.
In the later photograph, taken from a similar angle, there are three new signs. Two of the rectangular signs are government highway signs they are stacked on a single pole.
The top sign directs drivers east on U.S. 40 to Elko and Salt Lake City and includes an U.S. 40 highway shield.
The second traffic sign, directly below has an arrow pointing north to McDermitt, Nevada on State Route 8, with a Nevada highway shield on sign.
The second separate sign, is a poster size sign is at ground level, with the words "Treasure Island" at the top.
The bottom of the sign is not visible in the photograph, but likely promotes 1939 World's Fair or as it was known, "The Golden Gate International Exposition.
The event was held at Treasure Island, which is located in the San Francisco bay. The exposition opened first for eight months starting in February 1939. And, then re-opened in May of 1940 for another four months.
While we now have the name there are still many unanswered questions about the Ashers.
Why did he get in and out of the post card business?. One answer may be competition. At the time the Frasher post card company of Pomona, California was marketing post cards in every nook and cranny of Nevada. And quite frankly in most cases the Frasher post cards were of better quality, both visually and from a production standpoint.
But, William Asher's post cards of Nevada provides important views of life in Nevada in the two or three year period before World War Two.
A list of known Asher Post Cards of Nevada and other details of his work.
"Asher' Photo" is found on Ashers post cards with long printed captions.
Asher's post card focus in Nevada was south of Reno, coming into Nevada through U.S. 50 and then up to U.S. 40 and east to Elko and then south to Ely on U.S. 93.
More than two dozen post cards of Carson City have been identified while only a few of Reno.
And while, Asher produced a number of post cards of coming into Lake Tahoe, on the California side coming into Nevada along U.S. 50.
On the Nevada side, at this point, it appears Asher's focus was that of "Cave Rock" a popular site for both professional and amateur photographers.
Common Themes and other notes.
Asher had a pattern to his post card images. The following titles "Entering" insert community, "Business section" are found for many of the communities he visited.
"Entering…" There are known "Entering" post cards for several Nevada cities including Elko, Lovelock, and Winnemucca.
"Business section of…" , There are known "Business sections" postcards for several Nevada cities.Carson City, Ely, Reno, Sparks, and Winnemucca.
Asher made it a point to take photographs and produce post cards of Civilian Conservation Corp camps in Nevada.
To date, two have been uncovered.
Based only on the number of post cards Asher produced for Captain Acree's Auto Court in Winnemucca, it is likely the photograph also stayed at the facility which featured an cabins, coffee shop, and Texaco service station.
Asher post cards are found with and without the AP logo.
In addition to numbered and unnumbered post cards, Asher also produced a series of post cards with a number and a letter.
It is possible the "d" is for desert and the "L" is for Lake Tahoe, and the "N" is for generic Nevada scenes.
And a letter of the alphabet and then the number, N3.
It is clear, Asher came into Nevada on U.S. 50, took photographs and sold post cards of Carson City, moved east to Fallon.
Leaving Fallon Asher headed north to Fernley and then east on U.S. 40. At this point not post cards from Asher have been uncovered of Fernley.
However not Far East of Fernley on U.S. 40 was, at the time, Springer's Hot Springs. Ike Springer offered hot mineral baths, dancing and cold drinks. Asher sold him several post card.
Continuing east on U.S. 40, Asher stopped and took photographs and published post cards of Winnemucca, Battle Mountain and Elko.
Asher also took scenes along highway 40 as he was traveling from one community to the next.
From Elko, Asher headed south on U.S. 93 to Ely and McGill.
It does not appear that Asher went further south on U.S. 93 or headed back home west on U.S. 50.
No Asher post cards have been found from either Austin, or Eureka or any location on U.S. 50 west of between Ely and Fallon.
There is at least one Asher post card along U.S. 50, but that is north of Ely when the highway shares highway with U.S. 93.
Asher's credit line or logo are found on post cards with views of two U.S. highways in Nevada and at least sixteen Nevada communities.
To date no Asher post cards have been uncovered from the following communities along U.S. 40; Fernley, Carlin, or Wells.
Asher worked out a business arrangement with the Museum of Memories in Virginia City. He produced a series of numbered and unnumbered post cards for the tourist attraction.
The highest known number on a Museum of Memories Asher post cards is 36.
Asher also put a copyright (C) and his name "Ashers' Photos" on some of the post cards for the Museum of Memories.
How many Post Cards did Asher produce with Nevada images?
Based on the numbered post cards and assuming the unnumbered post cards were first released with numbers, it is estimated Asher produced between two-hundred-and-fifty, and 300 different post cards of Nevada.
There is still something mysterious about the Ashers. He popped up and left the business right before World War Two.
When the Ashers arrived in the United States is not clear, nor when and where they passed away.
What we do know, Asher was producing real photo post cards of California and Nevada in Coloma in 1938 and continued after he moved to Placerville.
Based on the images and post marks Asher appeared to produce most of his Nevada views between 1938 and 1941.
It does not appear that Asher returned to the post card business after World War Two.
That is currently where the Asher story ends.
Asher released both numbered and unnumbered post cards with images of Carson City.
Starting at number one, the highest known number in the series is 24.
25 Missing or was 24 the last in the Carson City series?
Carson City, July 24, 1941. Card number 5.
Carson City, September 18, 1941, Card number 1.
"Carson City, Nevada." This is a photograph of the Carson Brewing Company.
"Fire House Carson City Nev." No Asher credit line or logo.
Asher produced an unnumbered series and two numbered series featuring views of Elko.
With a starting point of one, the highest known number in the numbered series of Elko post cards is 42.
The earliest known post mark is Elko, June 4, 1941.
In the second number series Asher produced for Elko he added the letter "N" in front of the number.
The earliest known post mark in the Ely numbered series is Ruth, October 2, 1939.
The latest known post mark in the Ely series is Ely, February 25, 1945.
Asher produced a numbered series of post cards of White Pine County, Nevada. This series also includes images of Ely, McGill and Ruth, Nevada.
The earliest known post mark in this series is Ruth, October 2, 1939.
Starting with one, the highest known number of Ely post cards produced by Asher is 23.
Asher produced a series of numbered and unnumbered post cards of Fallon. All of the Asher post cards of Fallon in the collection are unused.
The highest known number, starting at one, in the Asher post cards of Fallon is 21.
There is a known post card with a view of a government camp at Golconda. Based on the title and the series number it is included in the Winnemucca list.
The title is , "A Section of C.C. Camp Golconda, near Winnemucca, Nevada. 31" with the Asher logo. The Winnemucca Asher list includes post cards 30 and 32.
At this point, this is the only known Asher real photo post card with a view of Golconda.
Golconda is located 17 miles east of Winnemucca.
Most of the Asher post cards of Lake Tahoe are of the California side of the lake. There are three different credit lines on the California Lake Tahoe post cards including the standard AP back to back version, an AP where the letters are separated by periods, "A. P." and an "Ashers Photo" with and without the possessive mark on the s in Ashers'.
"Cave Rock Tunnel. Lake Tahoe." (AP) The view is looking through the tunnel from the north end. With 'ghost' image of card at south end of tunnel.
"Cave Rock Tunnel Lake Tahoe, Nevada. " (AP) The view is looking south thought the tunnel.
"Cave Rock Glenbrook, Nevada." No Asher credit line or logo.
"Lake Tahoe through Cave Rock L69." No Asher credit line or logo.
Asher released both numbered and unnumbered post cards with images of Lovelock. Starting at one, the highest known number in the series is thirty.
Asher appears to have produced a limited number of post cards of Reno. No numbered series has been uncovered.
Two cards in the collection Reno file appear to have been part of a sales man's sample album. Both have similar glue marks on the back, and both have hand written numbers on the lower right corner of the white border on the face of the post cards.
It is also possible a collector glued the post cards in an album and wrote the numbers on the post cards.
It either case, with the known hand written numbers of 7 and 13, it is likely Asher produced at least 15 and 20 views of Reno.
"High School. Reno, Nevada." 13.
"High School, Sparks, Nevada." with logo. The photograph for this post card was taken from a different angle, than the other post card titled "High School," but shows the same automobiles.
"Robert Mitchell School. Sparks, Nevada." with logo.
"Junior High School. Sparks, Nevada." with logo.
"The Library, Sparks, Nevada." This image was also released with the number 17.
"S.P. Roundhouse, Sparks, Nevada." Likely this post card is from salesman book. Handwritten number 19 on face.
"The Library, Sparks, Nevada. 17." This Sparks Library post card was also released without a number.
Springer's or Brady's Hot Springs is located east of Fernley. Asher likely produced at least four post cards from this site.
Two individual post cards, without any Asher credit line or logo, but are clearly Asher productions feature images of Springer's Hot Springs.
One post card, titled 'SPRINGER'S HOT SPRINGS," has three images, all with individual titles.
"The Plunge at Springer's Hot Springs, Nevada" with an Asher logo.
Asher created a series of unnumbered and unnumbered post cards for the "Museum of Memories" in Virginia City.
It is assumed this post card was part of a Virginia City series.
"King of the Air. Pub. by Museum of Memories Virginia City Nevada. Ashers' Photos.
The Asher post card series of Winnemucca is a numbered series. There are at least thirty-seven cards in the Winnemucca series.
Interesting elements to the Winnemucca post cards produced by Asher.
Asher used the same image for the post cards he titled "Winnemucca from the Hills. The same image is titled 3 and 8.
In the later photograph there is are two new signs readable as drivers were heading east on U.S. 40.
"The Prospector & his Pardner." Show 'prospector' sitting on rock with coffee pot in front and his burrow. Post card is listed here only because of WInnemucca post mark Nov. 22, 1938. There is no AP credit mark, however the same font on this post card is used on other Asher post cards.
The earliest known post mark is January 3, 1940, Railroad postmark, Ogden & S. F.
"CAPT. ACREE'S AUTO COURT" A vertically printed postcard featuring three views of "CAPT. ACREE'S AUTO COURT" Two of the three views were also produced as stand alone post cards. The third image was taken the same day as another post card that was also produced as a stand alone post card.
"A row of Cabins at Capt. Acree's Auto Court. Winnemucca, Nevada." No logo. This view is one of three featured on the vertical post card.
"A shady Grove of Capt. Acree's Auto Court, Winnemucca, Nevada." No logo. This view is one of three featured on the vertical post card.
"Winnemucca from the Hills. 3." Note, same image as 8.
"Winnemucca, Nevada. 14." This is a photograph of the Humboldt Hotel.
Note, this title is on a black horizontal bar that may have covered up a different title. Currently, it is the only known Asher title on a black bar.
No Asher credit line or logo.
This is the same photograph that was used for the Asher post card titled "St. Mary's- Roman Catholic Church. Winnemucca, 32" This post card has the Asher logo.
"Approaching Winnemucca, Nevada. 21" ap note this image shows Captain Acree's service station, cabins and coffee shop.
"Winnemucca, Nevada – from Winnemucca Mountain. 24." Note, no Asher credit line or logo.
"High School. Winnemucca, Nevada. 27" Note, different view of school.
"Looking Towards The Hills, Winnemucca, Nev." 32 note same number as above.
Note, see post card 19.
"Fire House Winnemucca Nev No. 35" Note, vertical post card.
"Scrub Cedars, Sage & Mountain Peaks 26 Highway 40, Nevada." No D.
"Sagebrush and Desert Hills on Highway 40. Nevada." No. D or number.
"Morning on the Desert. 1D" upper case D.
Old Home of Lola Montez. Grass Valley, Calif. 13.
"A Glimpse of Nevada County Court House from the Hills. Nevada City, Calif 11 AP" A couple of notes, spelling error on Glimpse, and wonder if there are ten or more cards of Nevada City in this series.
[i] California Department of Health and Welfare. California Vital Records-Vitalsearch (www.vitalsearch-worldwide.com). The Vitalsearch Company Worldwide, Inc., Pleasanton, California.
[ii] "Lotus," March 31, 1938, Placerville, California, Mountain Democrat newspaper, page nine.
[iii] "Lotus," March 31, 1938, Placerville California, Mountain Democrat newspaper, page nine.
[iv] "Salmon Falls News," November 15, 1945, Placerville, California, Mountain Democrat, newspaper, page fifteen.
a dearth of information on the subject. Would love to see more.
Phil, thank you for your comments. Continue to update as new information about Asher become available. While my focus, like yours is Nevada, Asher's work was mainly northern California. Hoping a California collector will read and fill in the many gaps in the story. Is your focus Las Vegas or Nevada in general?
Previous Previous post: Chapter Two. Northern Hotel and Bar. Raids, Illegal gambling and alcohol.


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30 Days a Black Man
The Forgotten Story That Exposed the Jim Crow South
Buy $26.95£17.95
In 1948 most white people in the North had no idea how unjust and unequal daily life was for the 10 million African Americans living in the South. But that suddenly changed after Ray Sprigle, a famous white journalist from Pittsburgh, went undercover and lived as a black man in the Jim Crow South.
Escorted through the South's parallel black society by John Wesley Dobbs, a historic black civil rights pioneer from Atlanta, Sprigle met with sharecroppers, local black leaders, and families of lynching victims. He visited ramshackle black schools and slept at the homes of prosperous black farmers and doctors.
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reporter's series was syndicated coast to coast in white newspapers and carried into the South only by the Pittsburgh Courier, the country's leading black paper. His vivid descriptions and undisguised outrage at "the iniquitous Jim Crow system" shocked the North, enraged the South, and ignited the first national debate in the media about ending America's system of apartheid.
Six years before Brown v. Board of Education, seven years before the murder of Emmett Till, and thirteen years before John Howard Griffin's similar experiment became the bestseller Black Like Me, Sprigle's intrepid journalism blasted into the American consciousness the grim reality of black lives in the South.
Author Bill Steigerwald elevates Sprigle's groundbreaking exposé to its rightful place among the seminal events of the early Civil Rights movement.
About Steigerwald, Bill
Bill Steigerwald's thirty-six-year career as a journalist included stints with the Los Angeles Times, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. At the Trib he was an associate editor, feature writer, book page editor/writer, editorial writer, weekly op-ed columnist and weekly interviewer of important newsmakers. His work has appeared in dozens of major American papers and in magazines as disparate as Reason, Family Circle, Men's Journal, and Penthouse. He lives just outside of Pittsburgh.
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The People's War Rae, Noel
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text:
Will I miss this flight: Part 1
I often have dreams that I miss a flight. It usually involves me running toward the airport.
I checked in for my Kenya Airways flight from Hong Kong to Dubai with a little more than two hours before it was scheduled to depart. I handed the agent my passport. He poked at his computer. Then he looked up at me and asked if I had a visa for the United Arab Emirates (UAE), of which Dubai is a part of.
"I'll get one of arrival," I said
He looked at his computer, and replied that Canada wasn't one of the countries listed that could get a visa on arrival, and he wouldn't be able to check me in for the flight unless I had a visa. Even though I remember reading online somewhere that I could get a visa on arrival, my heart dropped to the floor. My schedule couldn't afford to be stuck in Hong Kong. Besides, Kenya Airways only operated to Hong Kong three times a week, so even if I could get a visa the next day, I'd still have to wait for the next flight in a few days' time. Was that dream coming true?
I pulled out my phone and scrolled through the Internet trying to find anything that could bolster my case. I found a news article that reported that Canada and the UAE had patched up their diplomatic spat, and the UAE agreed to lift their visa restriction on Canadian citizens. The news piece didn't matter much to the check-in agent, because he could only approve what his list said.
Then the airline's station manager arrived, and with me still on the Internet, he started making calls on my behalf. By now, an hour had passed and the flight was scheduled to leave in an hour. It was like staring at an hour glass. Time was running out.
How could this be? I was sure I'd read that I could get a visa on arrival. Knowing that I would only be in Dubai just long enough for an overnight stay, I typed into my phone…Dubai transit visa on arrival. Reading the screen was like winning a game of bingo. I held up the screen of my phone, like I would have a bingo card, and told the agent that I could get a transit visa on arrival. He looked at the information on my phone then went back to his computer. I gave him my onward flight details and he gave me a boarding pass.
After a flight lasting more than eight hours, I arrived bleary eyed in Dubai at two o'clock in the morning. I was told I needed to go the Marhaba desk to obtain a transit visa. Ignored for a short time, a woman finally asked me what I needed. I told her that I would only be in Dubai for less than nine hours, as I had a flight to Qatar leaving at 1100, and I needed a transit visa.
"Go to the immigration office," she said pointing to a door a short distance away.
I walked into a large room, where about seven young guys were seated, all wearing a Thawb, the long, white, traditional Arab garment worn my men.
"What do you want?" one asked without getting out of his chair.
I told him the same story I had just relayed to the other woman a few minutes ago. "So, what do you want to do?" he asked, still making no effort to get out of his chair.
"I just want to go to my hotel and get some sleep," I said, sounding exhausted.
"Go get a visa from the Arabian Adventure desk," he said motioning me to the door.
I wandered to over to yet another desk and told the couple sitting there that I needed a transit visa. They took my passport and told me it would be $155.
"A hundred and fifty five dollars?" I questioned. "In my country, we'd call that's highway robbery."
"No it's not," the woman replied.
"Who's making all the money?" I questioned.
"We are," they both responded smugly.
The woman looked at me and said, "You have a choice. You can either pay and get a visa or you can stay in the airport."
An expensive stamp
It was now three in the morning, and all I wanted to do was sleep. I handed over my credit card. Once at my hotel, I put my head on the pillow at 4:00 am, having just set my phone to wake me four hours later.
Posted by Ken Donohue at 8:58 PM 1 comment:
Amusing always are signs that have been translated into English. I found these in Japan.
Human Transport? I thought that was what buses were for
Instructions on toilets scare me. It shouldn't be complicated, should it? This one was in my hotel room.
This was a sign in the elevator of my hotel. Looks as if they had Scooby Doo doing the editing. That or Robby works the front desk.
Posted by Ken Donohue at 1:29 AM No comments:
Still lovin' Hong Kong
Few cities have a hold on me like Hong Kong does. And so I was looking forwarding to visiting, even if just for a day. I'm not sure what it is. Maybe it's the familiarity of having been several times before, visiting with friends. Maybe it's the dramatic topography—lush hills carpeted in green rising up like the body of a dragon. Maybe it's the comfort of the city's many English names—Victoria Harbour, Stanley, Aberdeen, and Salisbury Road—blended with a tinge of the exotic—Kowloon and Tsim Sha Tsui. It's a city with a pulse.
For more than 100 years, the Star Ferries have crossed Victoria Harbour
Hong Kong is warm and humid. It gets into your pores and tugs at your heart, luring you back. It's a city of contrasts where unimaginable extravagance, like the Peninsula hotel's $2200 (one-way) helicopter shuttle from the hotel to Hong Kong airport, brushes up against gritty and tired-looking apartment blocks home to cramped flats. Or where the remedy to the city's frenzied pace is just a short ferry ride away to one of the many small and quaint islands nearby.
I exited the subway station at Tsim Sha Tsui and fell into the bustle of the city. I first walked to the harbour for a view across to Hong Kong Island, where the dazzling glass monuments to commerce crowd each for space against the backdrop of Victoria Peak. To be sure, more buildings have gone up since I was last here, but the view is as I remember. Stunning still even on a gray day.
The guy on this boat was scooping up trash from the harbour
Like others around me, I captured the moment in my camera and then walked a short distance to Nathan Road, one of the city's popular shopping areas. In some cities the touts harass you for hookers and camel rides. In Hong Kong, it's about fake Rolex watches and suits. It didn't take long for them to accost me. I kept walking, swatting them away like flies. One trailed after me, talking as I pushed on.
"Good suit for you...high quality, hundred and fifty dollars. We make nice shirts too."
I kept walking.
"You know you're looking for something," he said before giving up on me and returning to the street corner chasing sales.
I thought about the profoundness of what he said. It's true we are all looking for something. That day it just wasn't a suit.
I turned down a side street, and then another before walking to the Star Ferry terminal, where I hopped on one of the iconic green and white ferries for the short trip across Victoria Harbour. At 2.50 HKD (33 cents), it's surely the best bargain in Hong Kong. Even cheaper would have been the lower deck fare.
The Star ferries have been plying this busy route for more than 100 years. Decades ago, the only way to cross the harbour to Hong Kong Island would have been by boat. But even with underwater vehicle and train tunnels, the Star Ferry is still popular.
Wooden decks and wood varnished bulkheads give the little ferries that old world charm. I found a seat at the front, the humid air entered freely through the open windows. Nearby a young boy gazed out onto the harbour. I hoped that when he grew older he'd still look out upon Hong Kong with the same sense of wonderment.
Tranquil Kyoto
Jetlag is a funny thing. It'll get you up and knock you down at the worst times. Such was my first morning in Kyoto when I woke at 5:00am. While jetlag can be a bane mostly, it can sometimes provide an opportunity. By six I hit the streets and meandered down to the Kamo River, a wide open space with walking paths on either side. The river moved swiftly despite being ankle deep in most places.
Kamo River
The city was peacefully quiet. There were few cars on the road. It was as if this city of 1.5 million was still asleep (indeed, most probably were). Along the river, a handful of people jogged passed me, while on the other side a group of school children clad in white shirts and purple shorts. The morning sun made quick work of clearing up the cloud that drifted in overnight.
I pushed on for close to an hour before deciding to turn away from the river. By chance, I came upon Imperial Palace Park, a rectangular space in the centre of the city that runs north to south for 1.5 km. In the middle of this oasis, surrounded by gardens and trees, is the former Imperial Palace (the Emperor's head office moved to Tokyo in the 1880s). The palace is walled away from early morning intruders like me, so I walked throughout the park revelling in its beauty.
Entrance to Imperial Palace Park...many people on bicycles in the city
Eastern Gate of Imperial Palace
Imperial Palace Park
Fabulous collection of trees. One was more than 300 hundred years old, and wooden supports to keep it from falling down. I think if I was 300 years old I'd need some support to hold me up
Early morning stretch
I came upon a Shinto temple and watched quietly as a man performed his rituals. When he was done, I tried asking about the symbolism of his actions, but he told me his English was not very good. He led me to a poster tacked on a wall. The only thing I could read were the numbers "5" and "18".
"This is today," he said. "At the North Gate from 5:00–6:00 PM."
It seemed to be a celebration of sorts. I realized that the numbers were the date. It was May 18th. I made a note to return.
After having walked for about three hours I returned to my hotel for breakfast—rice, noodles covered in a red sauce that resembled spaghetti, but tasted different, and some fish. And to remind me of home a flaky bun with strawberry jam.
After a short rest, I was out on the streets again. This time I headed west to Nijo Castle, built in 1626. It was the first time I had seen so many tourists. Despite having missed the cherry blossoms by a month, the gardens and grounds were still spectacular. In one tree, were a number of gardeners perched on branches pruning by hand.
Nijo Castle
Lots of spring blossoms
Nijo Castle, a collection of five different buildings
Gardens at Nijo Castle
Leaving the castle, I looked at my watch and decided to make my way over to the Imperial Palace for the celebration that was to start at 5:00PM. I turned the wrong and spent some time walking in the wrong direction before realizing my error. I turned back finding the Park, where a large crowd had gathered at the North Gate.
A woman, I presumed from the U.S. (or Canada), came up to me and asked if I knew what was going on. I said I didn't.
"I keep thinking it's Angelina Jolie," she offered.
"It's not," I shot back sounding as if I really knew what was happening and trying not to let her know how ridiculous I thought her suggestion was.
The sullen sound of a lone beating drum signalled the start of a long parade that included people dressed in traditional clothing. I stayed for some time, but left before the rituals and activities began. Outside the park, I looked at my watch and figured that I'd spent more than seven hours walking. I gave in to modern convenience and took the subway back to my hotel.
It aint Angelina Jolie
One of many temples throughout the city
Jetting to the other side of the world
The first leg of my round the world adventure was a 14 hour flight from New York to Osaka, Japan on China Airlines—made comfortable by a seat in business class. With an afternoon departure, and because of the route, the entire flight was made in daylight. In fact, my window shade (actually I had three windows given the ample space) was down most of the way protecting me from the sun's bright glare. And of the sun's harmful radiation warming me throughout the flight? Maybe like sitting in an x-ray for14 hours, except there no one comes to fill up your wine glass.
Flying over Quebec and across Hudson Bay, I stole peeks out the window. Chunks of ice—large and small—sparkled in the sea below. It was as if someone had dropped a bag of diamonds from the sky. Beautiful.
Eastern Russia from 34,000 feet
Despite the countless flights I've taken, air travel still amazes me. In this case, 365 of us seated ourselves in a cylindrical tube and rocketed down a strip of concrete fast enough that said tube climbed into the sky—and stayed there until directed to come back to earth. Smiling people came around with food and drink, and then in a half day's time we're on the side of the world. Feeling like crap, mind you. Amazing.
A delicious appetizer of pan fried scallops with roasted red bell pepper coulis, manchego cheese, along with artichoke and mesclun salad
Dessert, following the grilled beef tenderloin with herb butter broccoli rabe, carrot, potato, red wine sauce
We approached Osaka from the north flying over Japan's largest island, Honshu and crossing Osaka Bay. It is here that you see Japanese ingenuity. How do you fit more than 120 million people on a string of islands that in large part are covered by mountains? You reclaim land from the sea, a technical term for dumping a whole bunch of earth into the ocean until there is no more water.
We passed Kobe airport, which from above looks like a large platform built out in the ocean. On the other side of the bay is Osaka's Kansai International Airport, which too was built on an artificial island. The challenge here is that the land that the airport sits has sunk more than expected. To compensate, adjustable columns have been used to support the terminal building.
With three days in Japan, I opted to spend it in Kyoto, an hour's train ride from Osaka. Many people know of Kyoto only through the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty signed in the city in 1997, which required industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Beset by controversy, the United States signed but never ratified the Protocol and Canada subsequently withdrew. Politics aside, many probably don't know that Kyoto is steeped in history, serving as the imperial capital of Japan for more than 1,000 years until it moved to Tokyo in the 1860s.
My wife often tells me I have a poor sense of direction. I'm not sure, but I've been all over the world and always seem to return home. It was about eight in the evening when I exited Kyoto's main train station. The plaza in front of the station was busy with people. Some were having photos of themselves taken against red hued backdrop of the Kyoto Tower rising behind them across the street. I passed others seemingly amazed at what must have been the world's smallest light and water display.
Given to my frugal nature, I'm often apt to forgo transportation that involves money leaving my pocket when my two feet can deliver me to my destination, and so I set off from the train station with only a vague sense of where my hotel was. Sure this strategy has on occasion led to long walks in the wrong direction, but it's about the journey and not the destination, isn't it?
I had been walking for about 20 minutes when a sliver of doubt entered my mind. Had I turned down the wrong street? Had I passed the hotel already? I pushed on a little further, my suitcase trailing behind and the weight of my small backpack pulling on my shoulders. Then, as if I had known it all along, I happened upon my hotel.
Home for the next three days was the Kyoto Rich Hotel, which is ironic, because of you were rich you wouldn't be staying here. This isn't a slight against the hotel. For sure the hotel is clean and functional. It's just that the rooms are...let's say smaller than small. Little more than six feet wide, there is enough space for a single bed and a desk next to it. But it comes with its own bathroom, which when you step into leaves little head room. Anyone over six feet would have to lean their head down to avoid hitting the ceiling. But at $45 it's a steal in this expensive country.
Having been up for more than 24 hours, I climbed into bed and hoped for a long and restful sleep.
Small, yet cozy room in Kyoto
NY cabbie now knows China Airlines and Air China are different
The other day as my taxi was nearing New York's Kennedy Airport, the driver asked me what airline I was flying.
"China Airlines," I replied.
As we passed the large roadside signs displaying the various airlines and respective terminals they operate out of, I noted that China Airlines was at Terminal 4, so it was surprise when the driver pulled up to Terminal 1.
"I think we need Terminal 4," I offered.
"No, this is it," he responded assuredly and pointing to a sign that read, Air China.
"But I'm flying China Airlines..."
"Oh," he said sounding puzzled. He drove on, navigating the circuitous roadway that snaked around to Terminal 4, where he deposited me in front of a sign that read, China Airlines
China Airlines is Taiwan's largest airline and based in Taipei. (read more in a detailed article by this author), Air China by contrast is one of China's largest airlines and is based in Beijing. Still confused? Not to worry, just remember two different airlines. Now at your next cocktail party when the topic of global aviation comes up you'll sound enlightened. My gift to you.
Exhibit 1: This is a China Airlines Boeing 747-400 arriving at JFK two hours before transporting me to Osaka, Japan
Exhibit 2: An Air China Boeing 737 photographed on arrival at Osaka from seat 18A on the China Airlines aircraft pictured above
Posted by Ken Donohue at 12:04 PM No comments:
Travel is a lot like life
Travel is a lot like life. One minute it can be amazingly beautiful and the next it can be difficult and unpredictable. I arrived at Newark airport at about 12:30am, and when I got to my hotel (SpringHill Suites), I was told there was a problem with some of the rooms, and they couldn't honour my reservation, because the hotel was full. Instead they had arranged a room at the Quality Inn in Lyndhurst. Wherever that was. They promised to refund the room charge (something frugal guy likes) and a taxi would bring me back in the morning.
This part of New Jersey has a reputation for being gritty and tough. Beautiful isn't a word that you'd use to describe this area. I tried to get my bearings as the taxi sped along a two-lane road at 120 km/hour. Were we going west or north? I wasn't sure. After about 20 minutes, we turned into the Quality Inn's parking lot.
Not surprising considering the early hour, the lobby was empty. A tallish man, probably in his early thirties and working the front desk, came out from a small room. He wore glasses and wouldn't have looked out of place had he been in my high school's camera club. He seemed about as excited to be there as I was.
The two-level hotel had a musty, well used smell to it. In some of the hallways the wallpaper was peeling. The hotel seemed past its best before date. I imagined a large stamp on the side of the hotel...best before 1989. And it didn't look any more impressive in the daylight. In fact, they could probably bulldoze the hotel, and no one would notice it was gone.
I located my room and opened the door. I was met by the kind of smell one would have found in an empty bingo hall 30 years ago. Then I spied the ashtray on the desk. Lovely, I thought. I didn't think they still have smoking rooms in hotels. Later, over a breakfast of dry croissants, I saw a cigarette vending machine in the hotel restaurant. What decade was I in?
The washroom fixtures in the room were mismatched. The white toilet clashed with the coffee coloured bathtub that looked as if it was an original vintage. The wall coverings were off-white in colour, but I didn't know if that was how it might have looked when the hotel opened, or if years of cigarette smoke had turned it that way. It reminded me of the kind of place a fugitive would have been holed up in a Hollywood movie. Admittedly, I have stayed in worse places, but I did pull down the bed cover and sheets to make sure the bed was clean.
I was assured that a taxi would come at 9:45 am, allowing enough time to catch a shuttle bus for the hour-long trip across the city from Newark to Kennedy airport. With no taxi in sight at 10:05, I called the hotel and asked when it would be coming. Oh, we'll send one out now. At 10:30 a driver arrived and 20 minutes later dropped me off at Newark airport.
I went inside to the ground transportation counter to get a bus ticket. "The next bus is at 11:00," a woman behind the counter said. What perfect timing I thought. She asked for my name and then called the bus company. Getting off the phone, she looked at me and said this bus was full, but there is another at noon. "When is your flight," she queried. When I told her 3:00PM, she said it was best I take a taxi. I smiled and laughed to myself inside. Taking a taxi from Newark to Kennedy Airport was the very thing I had been trying to avoid. Five years ago, I had been in a not too different situation. My Qatar Airways flight into Newark had to do a go-around on approach to the airport, and then a further 30 minute delay on the ground forced me then to abandon any chance I had of taking the cheaper option of a train into Manhattan and then another to JFK. I remember the taxi costing more than $120.
Standing in the taxi queue outside the terminal I couldn't help but smile. "That'll be $86 for the taxi and $30 for road tolls," a woman said to me. Emptying my wallet into the hands of the driver an hour later, I was reminded how travel can be unpredictable, but like life itself you just have to roll with it.
NY cabbie now knows China Airlines and Air China a...


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Study by Langa et al. finds increase in education may lead to improved population brain health
In a story on National Public Radio, Ken Langa says researchers don't know why education protects against dementia, but there are some theories: "One is that education might actually change the brain itself," Langa says. "We think that it actually creates more, and more complicated, connections between the nerve cells so that you're able to keep thinking normally later into life."
The study, A Comparison of the Prevalence of Dementia in the United States in 2000 and 2012, used a cohort of 21,000 U.S. adults aged 65 or older from the Health and Retirement Study.


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Beyoncé Creates Scholarships for Women at Two HBCUs
Filed in Financial Aid on May 2, 2017
Beyoncé Knowles, the entertainment icon, has established scholarships for women in the creative arts, music, literature, or African American studies at four colleges and universities. Two of the four educational institutions are historically Black colleges and universities.
The Formation Scholar awards were established "to encourage and support young women who are unafraid to think outside the box and are bold, creative, conscious, and confident."
One woman at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Howard University in Washington, D.C., Parsons School of Design in New York, and Spelman College in Atlanta will be awarded the scholarships. Current or incoming graduate or undergraduate women are eligible for the scholarships.
Related: Berklee College of Music • Howard University • Parsons School of Design • Spelman College
Due to incidents of abuse and harassment that have occurred in the past, JBHE will not publish telephone numbers or email addresses of individuals in this space. If you want to contact someone in a particular article, we suggest you contact them directly not in an open forum.


text:
/* ** GENEREATED FILE - DO NOT MODIFY ** */
package com.wilutions.mslib.stdole;
import com.wilutions.com.*;

/**
 * OLE_XSIZE_HIMETRIC.
 *
 */
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class OLE_XSIZE_HIMETRIC {
  static boolean __typelib__loaded = __TypeLib.load();
  private Integer value;
  public OLE_XSIZE_HIMETRIC() {}
  public OLE_XSIZE_HIMETRIC(Integer v) { this.value = value; }
  public Integer getValue() { return value; }
  public void setValue(Integer v) { value = v;}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Счастливая:

 Счастливая — село, Липовецкий район Винницкой области Украины.
 Счастливая — железнодорожная платформа Горьковской железной дороги.

 «Счастливая» — автобиографический роман Элис Сиболд.
 «Счастливая» — галера Балтийского флота Российской империи 1739 года постройки, участник русско-шведской войны 1741—1743 годов.
 «Счастливая» — галера Балтийского флота Российской империи 1750 года постройки.
 «Счастливая» — галера Балтийского флота Российской империи 1769 года постройки.
 «Счастливая» — галера Балтийского флота Российской империи 1796 года постройки.

См. также
 Счастливая улица
 Счастливое
 Счастливый

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Tue Jul 09 2019 – Sat Jul 13 2019
Sadly Colin Jones passed away in September 2021 and we can not currently supply prints, he will be deeply missed.
Colin Jones was born in London's East End in 1936. Growing up during the Blitz, Colin, who was dyslexic, attended 13 different schools before being recruited as a dancer by the Festival Ballet. He later joined the Royal Ballet, at a time when Kenneth MacMillan was embarking on some of his most controversial work. Colin has been described as "the prototype for Billy Elliot" as his life journey reads like a Hollywood movie. He toured with the Royal Ballet, performing alongside Rudolf Nureyev and Dame Margot Fonteyn, and in Kenneth MacMillan's "The Invitation" with Prima Ballerina Lynn Seymour, whom he later married.
Colin bought his first camera on tour in Japan in 1953, while running an errand for Dame Margot Fonteyn. He started photographing the ballet company, revealing the hard work and dedication required to succeed, and depicting the ballet as it had never been seen before. In 1961, while travelling from Newcastle to Sunderland Colin spotted a group of people scouring the slag heaps for coal and skipped his ballet class so that he could photograph them.
The following year Jones left the ballet and went to see The Observer Magazine, who commissioned him to cover the burgeoning civil rights movement in Alabama, where his photographs recorded the violent police response to black protests. That was the first of a long and distinguished sequence of photo-documentary assignments, often risky covering subjects such as Brazil's gold mines, gangs in Jamaica, prostitution in the Philippines, the boy soldiers of the Khmer Rouge, and the Cargo Cults of the New Hebrides who worshipped Prince Phillip. Moving on from the Observer to the Sunday Times Magazine, Colin was working at the heyday of investigative photo-journalism, alongside photographers such as Don McCullin and Philip Jones Griffiths and under the editorship of Harold Evans.Besides his overseas stories, Colin, has documented British social history over the years, including the vanishing industrial working lives of the Northeast("Grafters"), marginalised Afro-Caribbean youth in London ("The Black House") and the high-octane hedonism of Swinging London in the 1960's with his defining images of The Who early in their career ("Maximum Who").
Colin's work has been published in numerous major publication including Life and National Geographic and in magazines of the major broadsheets. His work has been exhibited widely at venues that include The Photographers' Gallery in London, The National Portrait Gallery, Tate Modern, and the Hayward Gallery.Colin has been acclaimed for his social documentary photography winning him the accolade "The George Orwell of Photography" In 1996, Katharine Viner wrote in The Sunday Times that Colin's "Grafters " photographs "look like something described by Orwell in one of his political essays" and his images of "cloth caps and granite faced dockers, like photographs from the 1930'would have perfectly illustrated Orwell's "The Road to Wigan Pier".
This exhibition celebrates his early career, it also coincides with the launch of his website, which has been in the making for the past two years. We have really only just scratched the surface of his incredible archive and the process will be continuing over the next few months as we unearth more work.Colin Jones prints all his own black-and-white images from negatives in the darkroom at his home, as silver gelatin prints.
Colin Jones – Coal Miner Seven Sister Colliery, 1997
Colin Jones – Liverpool Docks, 1963
Colin Jones – Children Playing In Front of Corner Shop. Benwell, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1963
Colin Jones – South Wales Miner Showering Rhonda Valley, 1987


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How to get Purple team in Arsenal for free
October 21, 2021 by Jatin Gupta
Roblox is a fun game that can be played on PCs as well as mobile platforms including iOS, Android, PlayStation 4, and Mac OS X. You may play a number of games on this website. Everything you're looking for in terms of pleasure and excitement may be found right here.
Roblox is a famous online game that people of all ages enjoy playing. We're certain that if you're seeking for a specific type of game, you'll find it on Roblox.
Being a part of Roblox's massive design community is a dream come true. Robux allows you to get a variety of products for free or at a discounted price. After a few games, the number of possible outcomes appears to increase.
Almost any game you want to play is likely to be found on the Roblox network. There are almost too many Roblox games to mention, especially considering how often new ones are released.
Roblox is the most popular gaming and playing platform among teenagers in the United States, with over half of all users being under the age of 16.
One of Roblox's most popular first-person shooter games is Arsenal. Arsenal Roblox has recently gained a lot of traction with grinding gamers. Here is our guide on How to get Purple team in Arsenal for free. So, without any further ado, let's get started.
What is the Objective of playing in a team on Arsenal Roblox?
There's no need to pay any money, so the first thing you should do is go to the main menu if you haven't already. The mission requires you to click this deploy button and accomplish the first objective. Once you've done that, you'll be taken to this menu. Can you have the purple team, no 1813?
So I click on I desire to proceed, and this menu appears, and then you're done. Anyone can join the honorably free purple team; initially, it will be blue, but it will rapidly turn purple. So that's how you acquire a purple team. No, it's not a joke; there is no such thing as a freebie if this game helps you get a purple team.
So enjoy your speedrunning prowess This implies that you won't be able to get a purple team like you could on standard or anything. But don't believe us when we say you can have a purple team. This is only for the purpose of having fun with that game.
You're just performing a fast-speed run of this thing, so here it is. After that, simply kill your friend four times, then go to Minion, and that's it.
Players must get kills or assists every round until they reach 32 kills (or 16 kills if the game modes are not Standard, Gun Rotation, Competitive, Laser Tag, Automatics, and Railgun Royale). The Golden Gun is used for the 31st kill, while the Golden Knife is used for the 32nd (and final) kill.
With the exception of the fisticuffs, which are already gold, the golden knife is a gold version of the player's equipped melee.
The Golden Frying Pan kill sound effect, sampled from Left 4 Dead 2, and used for the (previously) promotional frying pan melee in Team Fortress 2, plays once the player holding the Golden Knife scores a kill with it (no assistance are permitted), and the game finishes.
The golden pistol and golden knife both convert the player who was killed with them into a solid gold statue in the posture in which they were murdered. Unless the game option is Gun Rotation or Randomizer, every time a player kills another player or receives an assist, their weapon is switched for a new one.
If a player is demoted (due to being killed with a knife, committing suicide in various ways, or, in the past, dying to the Egg Hunt chicken boss), they lose one kill and revert to the previous weapon, with most of the available announcers expressing disappointment or anger at the player for losing a rank.
If at least 10 of the identical copy of skin are owned, or if skins cases are opened randomly, special variants of every purchasable skin can be made.
Emotes may also be used by hitting G on a PC or touching the emote button on a mobile device. When G or the emote button is double-tapped, the player does the "Default Dance," which was popularised by Fortnite and was inspired by the program Scrubs.
That's all for today's article on How to get Purple team in Arsenal for free. Do check out all the sections and know what you should know about team and its importance in FPS games. Till then, stay safe and follow us for more upcoming gaming coverage
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Q: Total and partial columns / Column as a total of columns I have the following table that lists all awarded cups:

Name: Cups
Columns: Month, Cup, User

Example:
Month | Cup__ | User__
_____ | _____ | ______
Febru | Cup_1 | User_1
Febru | Cup_2 | User_1
March | Cup_1 | User_1
March | Cup_2 | User_2
April | Cup_2 | User_2

*There are only 2 different cups

I know how to get how much awards each user has (COUNT), even of a certain type (WHERE Cup=Cup_1), but how do i get all of that in the same query?
Example based on the table above:

User__ | Total | Cup_1 | Cup_2
______ | _____ | _____ | _____
User_1 | __3__ | __2__ | __1__
User_2 | __2__ | __0__ | __2__

User_1 has 3 cups, 2 of Cup_1 and 1 Cup_2.
User_2 has 2 cups, 2 of Cup_2.

Basically, the total column is the sum of the other columns.

A: It's a little tedious, but it will look something like this
SELECT User, COUNT(*) AS Total, SUM(IF(Cup = "Cup_1", 1, 0)) AS Cup_1, SUM(IF(Cup = "Cup_2", 1, 0)) AS Cup_2 FROM Cups GROUP BY User

I'm using SUM with a conditional statement, to determine if the cup matches the value I'm looking for. It will add 1 if there's a match, 0 if there isn't. As previously noted, it's a little tedious, but it will certainly work!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Update May 2: Mercury Bar has established itself as the ultimate club experience, but did you know that they are a serious contender for the best shrimp and grits in town?
The Charleston City Paper's Eric Doksa has made a point to frequent the Upper King Street establishment for dinner and brunch, giving the tapas style menus very high marks.
You'll find his review, which critiques both the food and the service, here.
First reporting: It opened quietly on Wednesday of last week, but Mercury Bar is sure to be anything but quiet once you step inside the doors at 547 King Street.
The new bar, which should more accurately be deemed a club, is the newest addition to the expanding nightlife scene on Upper King Street. If you want to dance, this place is for you. Mercury Bar is making it a point to book a healthy mix of local DJs which will guarantee different styles of music each night of the week.
The front bar sports cushy leather booths for lounging and/or eating (Mercury Bar has a tapas menu), a dance floor, a nice amount of bar seating and ten beers on tap. A highlight: seven out of the ten beers on tap are local brews. In addition to the swanky inside bar, there is also a patio bar which offers additional seating, the same ten beers on tap and a more laid back atmosphere.
As far as specials go, beginning this Wednesday night, Mercury Bar will be kicking off a Ladies' Night. All ladies will get in the door free of charge and will be privy to a handful of drink specials.
Take note: there is a dress code at Mercury Bar, which means you need to dress to impress. No sneakers, no shorts, no athletic wear, etc...you get the idea.
Mercury bar is open from 4 p.m. to 2 a.m. Monday through Thursday and 11 a.m. to 2 a.m. on Friday - Sunday.
To follow along with the most up-to-date news from Mercury Bar, check out the official Facebook page.


The Suitcase Singlefold Ramp is designed for people who need immediate access, no matter where they are. Made of lightweight aluminum with an easy-to-carry design, the Suitcase Singlefold Ramp is fitted with ergonomically-designed handles and a non-protruding hinge that allows you to carry it anywhere. The ramp is available in 2' to 8' lengths and features an extruded slip-resistant tread.
The singlefold hinge runs the full length of the ramp and ensures the ramp is strong and safe. The singlefold hinge also helps protect against pinching and ensures the ramp is easy to set up.
Ergonomically-designed handles make your SUITCASE Singlefold Ramp easy to carry anywhere. The handles for the singlefold ramp feature a durable design, so you don't have to worry about them breaking as you carry your ramp.
Allows mobility devices to retain traction in all weather conditions.


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Understanding Electronic Signatures in Singapore
Article on Lexology
Event Speakers: Ge Xiaomeng, Sharleen Eio and Hazel Ho.
Get To Know The Speakers
In recent years, in line with Singapore's move towards a digital economy, the usage of electronic signing in documents has become more prevalent. The COVID-19 pandemic and various circuit breaker measures have further accelerated this move towards digitalisation. In this webinar, held on 26 March 2021, we shared, amongst other things, the legal framework for the recognition of electronic signatures in Singapore, the extent of such recognition, the risks associated with electronic signing, and the practical steps that you can take to mitigate these risks.
A copy of the slides shared by the speakers can be accessed below.
Disclaimer: This update is provided to you for general information and should not be relied upon as legal advice. The editor and the contributing authors do not guarantee the accuracy of the contents and expressly disclaim any and all liability to any person in respect of the consequences of anything done or permitted to be done or omitted to be done wholly or partly in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents.
Ge Xiaomeng
Xiaomeng's practice is focused on corporate finance, M&A and general corporate advisory. Before joining CNP, she started practice in a leading corporate law firm in Singapore. She is fluent in the Chinese language and has been involved in cross-border transactions in the PRC (including Hong Kong), Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan and Australia.
Sharleen Eio
Sharleen has experience in a wide spectrum of legal advisory and disputes work, with a focus on civil and corporate commercial litigation. She has advised and represented a number of international companies and high net-worth individuals in complex cross-border disputes. Her experience also includes regulatory and investigatory work and employment law.
Hazel Ho
Hazel's practice focuses on cross-border M&A, joint ventures, private equity and general corporate advisory. She has over 10 years of experience working in-house and in private practice. Hazel has been recognised as a "Notable Practitioner" for Corporate and M&A practice by IFLR1000 in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Hazel is also named in the Singapore Business Review as one of Singapore's 21 most influential lawyers aged 40 and under in 2020.
Being a corporate lawyer is more than just translating legalese and churning out documents based on clients' instructions. Our corporate lawyers understand that their role extends far beyond what is commonly expected. We seek to explore the spectrum of options with our clients and tailor an approach to suit each client's personality and commercial needs. This is why our corporate lawyers are always keen to learn more than just a client's business and industry; we want to understand the character of the business through its story and the parties involved in building it.
At CNPLaw, we aim to forge relationships beyond one-time transactions. We are committed to helping our clients grow their businesses, and play a part in its success.
With globalisation providing not only a myriad of opportunities but also increased challenges in dealing with the various stakeholders, disputes are bound to arise in the normal course of businesses and transactions.
At CNPLaw, our dispute resolution lawyers seek to provide support to our clients through the lifecycle of transactions. At the very beginning, we seek to mitigate risk and avoid disputes. However, should it transpire to the latter, our lawyers work closely with our clients to either resolve the matter through alternative dispute resolution matters like arbitration and mediation, or through litigating the matter, either in the civil or criminal courts. We have extensive legal experience at every level of the Singapore courts of justice, and our lawyers have appeared in a number of cases reported in the Singapore Law Reports.
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Vendor Connect
AuntMinnie
How imaging can unmask true face of COVID-19
By Edna Astbury-Ward, PhD, AuntMinnieEurope.com contributing writer
November 17, 2020 -- Radiologists must become COVID-19 symptom-aware and remain vigilant at all times, especially as the second wave takes root, leading thoracic radiologist Dr. Sam Hare said in a Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) webinar on the evening of 12 November. He also described how imaging has taken center stage when it comes to COVID-19 diagnosis.
Particular care is essential if a patient presents with abdominal pain, he said, citing the example of a patient who presented at his own hospital with what appeared to be classic appendicitis symptoms. When scanned, the patient showed no signs of appendicitis, but a chest x-ray revealed lung abnormalities that were consistent with COVID-19 infection.
This patient had fever and abdominal pain for seven days and appeared to have appendicitis. The surgeon reported that the patient had no COVID-19 symptoms, but a radiologist correctly diagnosed COVID-19. All images courtesy of Dr. Sam Hare.
"The patient had COVID-19 without having any shortness of breath, and only abdominal pain," noted Hare, who is a consultant chest radiologist at the Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the National Specialty Advisor for Imaging for NHS England. "So patients with abdominal pain and diarrhea can have COVID-19 and that's really important to recognize."
Lung fibrosis after COVID-19 can be particularly worrisome, and he indicated that "even if there's 20% to 30% of cases that result in potential lung scarring, 20% to 30% of half a million people is a far bigger number and a far bigger resource burden on the health service than 20% to 30% of 10,000 patients."
Initial experiences
Hare recalled his surprise when reading his first x-ray of patients with COVID-19.
"This was a male patient in his 60s who was admitted to hospital in March 2020 with fever and shortness of breath. I was asked for my opinion on the x-ray by a respiratory physician, and as soon as I looked at it, my initial reaction was: 'Oh, wow, what am I looking at here?' It looked very unusual compared to what I would usually expect to see in a standard chest infection," he said.
Hare only recognized the image as COVID-19 because it was very similar to cases that he had been reading about in medical journals. He felt particularly proud of the interpretation of the x-ray by a radiologist because it informed the clinicians that this was a COVID-19 diagnosis -- despite the patient having a negative COVID-19 swab test. "That's very important because it shows the powerful role of imaging in determining fever in patients. Now we often get asked what a COVID lung actually looks like."
Dr. Sam Hare.
At the start of the pandemic, Hare said that his department was "seeing case, after case, after case." He described how, ordinarily, he might see one or two chest x-rays showing pneumonia in his daily workload. During the surge of the pandemic, he saw 40 to 50 cases of COVID-19 on x-rays and CT, making it a very difficult time, he noted.
In an effort to maintain control of infection and limit cross-contamination of areas, radiographers would move the mobile x-ray imaging machines into the accident and emergency department or to wherever the patients were. Every patient who needed an imaging test for their COVID-19 had one, and that is the untold story of the pandemic, according to Hare, who is a member of the executive committee of the British Society of Thoracic Imaging and an advisor to the RCR.
An added complexity is the shortage of radiologists in the U.K. "We're battling a new disease in a global pandemic. We are relying on rapid x-ray and CT reporting, with not many radiologists, so you can start to see just how resources are constrained and how difficult things are."
Which modality for COVID-19?
One of the main questions radiologists had to answer was whether to use CT or x-ray in the first instance. In the early days of the pandemic, radiologists referred to the studies that were conducted on passengers who developed COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, which docked off the coast of Yokohama, Japan, he explained. It is important to remember that of those passengers who tested positive for COVID-19, approximately 70% were asymptomatic, and of those who were asymptomatic, some had abnormal CT scans with a white, "misty lung" appearance, yet nearly half of patients had completely normal scans.
"This is why CT and COVID-19 is a bit of a minefield and is a difficult judgment to make," he added.
Hare explained how a CT scan was entirely normal and showed well-defined black lungs in certain patients who had COVID-19, particularly early on in the infection. This was the reason why, later on in the pandemic, the standard x-ray became an important diagnostic tool to triage the severity of patients' illnesses and manage patients while awaiting the results of the formal swab tests.
MRI is not of great use for looking at the air sacs of the lungs, but it can be quite good for looking at blood vessels in the lungs, he said. "With COVID-19 being a pneumonia and primarily looking at the air sacs of the lungs, it just doesn't give you the resolution or the definition of the actual architecture of the lung to provide any information about lung scarring. ... It's very dependent on movement and you don't see the lungs very clearly, but with a CT scan, we can see pristine appearances of the lung."
Once radiologists became more familiar with the image presentation of COVID-19 in the lungs, they were able to identify and categorize the images as indeterminate, non-COVID-19, or normal. Furthermore, U.K. radiologists shared their images across the NHS digital platform to enhance learning in other radiology departments. Speedy reporting of the images across departments in hospitals was vital to ensure the ongoing care and management of patients, and radiologists worked through the night to ensure this was done, Hare explained.
Long COVID-19 and the lung
A significant proportion of patients do get some significant lung scarring, and many hospitals are organizing post-COVID-19 meetings to specifically follow up these patients.
Recovery from COVID-19 can be a long road.
"The lungs take a long time to recover in those patients, which is not the case for a chest infection," he continued. "Usually, chest infections have cleared by six weeks at the latest, whereas we're seeing COVID patients six months on who still have some mild lung damage; they feel short of breath when they're doing even mild activity like going for a walk."
The lung scarring/fibrosis leads to a distortion of the lung, preventing effective oxygenation of the blood to those areas of damage and resulting in fatigue and lethargy and an inability to exercise. "Patients may be tired for a particularly long time, and the concerning thing is lung scarring is irreversible, so patients may have that for the rest of their lives."
While the presence of antibodies could signal that a patient may have had COVID-19, it cannot be relied upon as an indicator of disease, as in the case of Hare's own personal experience.
"I myself tested positive for coronavirus, and months later I had antibody tests and I tested antibody negative. I felt just not quite right for weeks and weeks, but only had a very mild illness and had a normal x-ray," he said.
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In today's world, increasingly more men and ladies are thinking about places which are not stable from the practical perspective. There are lots of causes why they become so fashionable. Lots of correspondents mention them in the news and here are lots of television programmes dedicated to their activities.
One of the nations which are very popular these days is definitely the Russian Federation. Russia is a nation situated on 2 continents – Europe and Indonesia. It is one of the hugest places in the globe. Although, the country is ruled by crisis and numerous people are not sure about Russian's government, the nation is loved by dealers from the Western Europe and the United States Of America. More information www.certificator.eu/en/Certification/Certificates/There are a big number of customers who expect the products from the Western Europe and who are willing to spend every Rouble to have top excellence items which are not created in Asia or in Russia.However, the Russian authorities is mindful of the wishes of its citizens and there have been introduced some laws which express who can and who cannot sell their goods in the Russian Federation. Several individuals declare that it is not fair policy which ought to be restricted, but the reality is the Russian Federation is a huge market and they can dictate the trade conditions, not the worldwide sellers.
On the other hand, it is not very challenging to get a trader in the Russian Federation. If you are contemplating Russian marketplace, you must get a unique certificate – known as gost certificate or russian gost certificate (gost r). The document provides you a possibility to sell only the particular goods which are supplied on the specialized list which is available in every GOST office.
The Russian Federation is a region which is another from different countries in the globe. It includes its unique principles but, if your corporation fulfils the Russian's needs and demands, you will be a rich and successful trader. You have to only get the right papers and you can start the collaboration in the Russian Federation!