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Oct 29, 2020 | Other Spending
The Cost of the Trump and Biden COVID Response Plans
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The Cost of the Trump and Biden Campaign Plans
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Analysis of CBO's 2020 Long-Term Budget Outlook
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Better Budget Process Initiative: Automatic CRs Can Improve the Appropriations Process
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Analysis of CBO's September 2020 Budget Outlook
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Understanding Joe Biden's 2020 Health Care Plan
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Updated Budget Projections Show Fiscal Toll of COVID-19 Pandemic
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Russian Air Force
Tai Hai Chen
Rodion_Romanovic
AMCXXL
marcellogo
coolieno99
archangelski
NEURONAV
DerWolf
andreyRUS
Flyboy77
zackyx
marauderxs
CaptainPakistan
Russian Patriot
ak74m
Mi-28N Havoc: News
Re: Mi-28N Havoc: News
Isos Thu Feb 21, 2019 2:40 pm
Ka-52 is better and cheaper. That's logical. Mi-28 have serious issues as all the crashes in last years showed.
miketheterrible Thu Feb 21, 2019 3:12 pm
Plus Ka-52 avionics we're better too.
Too bad about Mi-28 but I have a feeling Mil will go back to negotiations when they are not getting the contracts they expect.
Its good to know the Russian mod won't simply roll over and accept whatever the defense companies demand.
They should get more.Mi-35's too.
Mi-35 and ka 52 is enough. Mi-28 brings nothing new, only more maintenance difficulties as they share nothing in common. Even the atgm are different.
Isos wrote: Mi-35 and ka 52 is enough. Mi-28 brings nothing new, only more maintenance difficulties as they share nothing in common. Even the atgm are different.
IMHO the Mi-28 just kind of tried to be the Ka-52 and Mi-24 but ended up not being better than either of the two in their rolls. Mi-24/35 compliments the Ka-52 and vice versa. Ka-52 being in production a long time, and already has much better avionics like its thermal systems and its radar, while being cheaper is an insult overall that Mil is trying to screw the MoD.
Mi-28N was in production before the Ka-52.
Big_Gazza Fri Feb 22, 2019 3:12 am
The managers of these state-owned companies need to understand that the reason for their existence is to produce the weapons that the Russian state needs at the best possible prices and to build them to meet specification and schedule. Anything else is simply corruption.
It seems the execs at Russian Helicopters think they are running a Western privately-owned MIC conglomerate and that the enrichment of the shareholders at the public expense is their primary purpose. Sorry boys, but no big bonuses for you...
magnumcromagnon Fri Feb 22, 2019 6:11 am
Big_Gazza wrote: The managers of these state-owned companies need to understand that the reason for their existence is to produce the weapons that the Russian state needs at the best possible prices and to build them to meet specification and schedule. Anything else is simply corruption.
The problem lies in the fact that they are 'Joint-Stock' companies, meaning partially privatized, meaning groveling at the feat of shareholders...hardly a mechanism of efficiency. Nowhere more evident is the partially-privatized naval industry, which is out to nickel-and-dime as opposed to being efficient in any shape or form. Time to buy back the shares of under-performing MIC design bureaus, and come under complete govt. control. Once under full govt. control, they should sell to the govt. equipment at cost (because they exist because of govt. funding anyway), and any profits made should be from exports.
miketheterrible Fri Feb 22, 2019 6:40 am
That's almost the case now.
And to be honest, at least now these companies are forced to either make adjustments or lose sales entirely which then screws their bottom line anyway.
Mi-28 was rather underperforming compared to Ka-52. Ka-52 is by all means a superior aircraft. If it's cheaper, that makes it even better. Mi-35's on other hand are also cheap and super effective. So yeah.
I guarantee you the company will come back to try and propose a compromise with the MoD. Cause no one else is interested in the Mi-28 to be honest for obvious reasons
GarryB Fri Feb 22, 2019 9:07 am
Interesting price negotiation technique they have there...
If the Ka-52 was better and cheaper then why is there an Mi-28NM being developed?
The Ka-50 was seriously more expensive than the Mi-28A, and I doubt newer models have changed this situation...
The Mi-28 has lots of commonality with the Mi-24 and Mi-35 with new components of the Mi-28 being retrofitted to older models as upgrades to improve performance and commonality across the range.
Kamov makes naval helos... the only other Kamov type operated by the Army is the Ka-31/35 AEW type.
Which is largely why they were much more expensive... the Su-39TM didn't go ahead because of the cost of the Shkval-M EO system it carried... which was directly related to the Shkval-M system in the Hokum.
They clearly need to talk about costs and production and options to better finance improvements so they don't drive costs up so much...
True, but the other way around... the Hind and the Havoc share many components... more so with Hind upgrades with Havoc parts.... there are only the bare essentials in common regarding the Hokum.
It seems the execs at Russian Helicopters think they are running a Western privately-owned MIC conglomerate and that the enrichment of the shareholders at the public expense is their primary purpose. Sorry boys, but no big bonuses for you..
Well that could be one inference, but it seems to me that the military is playing hardball and outing them in the media about the costs to try to shame them to shift on their position... we know the Russian military is used to getting simple functional systems cheap and in large numbers... the Mi-28NM is supposed to have helmet mounted sights and all sorts of new flash capabilities... that does not come for free...
I don't disagree, but brand new technology costs money and new stuff is always more expensive when you first get it... they wanted an improved design and they got it but now they are choking on the bill...
A few assumption in there... they adopted the Mi-28N as their standard attack helo, while the much more expensive Ka-52 is for a recon role... in many ways the Mi-28N is the Apache and the Ka-52 is a non stealthy Commanche in this scenario... the Ka-52 certainly wont be cheap by any standards...
BTW complaints about it being more expensive... the difference between the Mi-28N and the Mi-28NM is the latter has 360 degree air to air radar and front 120 degree air to ground MMW radar... of course that is going to be cheap.... BTW did you know that the radar on the Apache D model is also very expensive and only one in four Apache D model helicopters is fitted with a radar... because having every helo with a radar was too expensive for the Americans...
The Algerians and Iraqis seem happy with their Havocs... how many countries apart from Egypt with their Mistral carriers will buy Hokums?
Last edited by GarryB on Sat Feb 23, 2019 6:34 am; edited 1 time in total
Location : Italy
marcellogo Fri Feb 22, 2019 10:57 am
They talk about retrofitting existing Mi-28 to bring them to MN standard instead of buildind new ones: so they will not get rid of the model at all, probably the initial idea was to refit them anyway + acquiring a batch of new ones but maybe such a solution just turned out to be non-economically convenient in front of just ordering a comparable number of Ka-52 coming from a already functioning serial assembly line.
It could be also a good news about the actual state of army aviation and generally speaking of all VKS: no more need to order a whole array of overlapping items from all possible producers in order to both reach a viable percentage of updated aircraft a.s.a.p. than to keep a decaying industrial base afloat but instead the possibility to go for the more convenient choices, either economical, operative or logistical.
Hole Fri Feb 22, 2019 5:26 pm
Russian Helicopters is 100% owned by Rostec.
Joint-stock company is just a legal term. It doesn´t mean that a company is partly owned by private shareholders.
Both the Mi-28N and the Ka-52 cost roughly the same - 15 to 16 Mio. $.
The MoD had no problem to buy Mi-28UB´s which are fitted with a mast-mounted radar. The only difference of the Mi-28NM are the new optics and a few equipment items internaly. The prize tag couldn´t be that different.
In the end it´s a zero sum game. Either the MoD pays the demanded prize and the company can make a profit and grow naturaly or it pays less and the company will need subsidies or cheap loans from the state.
GarryB Sat Feb 23, 2019 8:14 am
The Mi-28s entered service into units with Mi-24 and Mi-35s and are attack helicopters.
As the older helos get upgrades with Mil parts their commonality increases...
The Hokums in service are in recon units... are you suggesting they withdraw all the Mi-28s and replace them with Ka-52s... there is zero commonality between the Ka-52 and old, new and upgraded model Hinds...
I would suggest they will bitch and moan and reduce the number of airframes they upgrade and new aircraft they buy and spread it over a longer period to reduce costs... like they normally do in such situations.
Actually if any company is being protected here it is Kamov... the Indians are about to start making Ka-225Ts, and the Egyptians are getting Ka-52Ks for their Mistrals but otherwise they are not exporting very much at all... in comparison Mil are selling Hips and Hinds and Havocs all round the place and are now making Mi-38s... not to mention joint ventures with China on their new helo and of course the Mi-26 and of course the new high speed projects as well...
Yeah... nah...
In 2013, the AAC "Progress" has completed the contract with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, signed in 2009, and would begin the next long-term contract for supplying 143 Ka-52, worth about 120 billion rubles (≈US$3.5 bln)
3.5 billion divided by 143 gives us about $25 million per aircraft... which sounds about right...
On wiki it has 15-16 million per aircraft, but that is for the Ka-50/Ka-52... which I rather suspect is the former of the two rather than the latter as it has air and ground search radar as well as modern advanced EO systems and self defence suites that will not be cheap.
The wiki page for the Mi-28N also says 15-16 million each, but how many Mi-28Ns are there really?
Technically the Mi-28N has a mast mounted radar and upgraded EO systems for night and all weather capability... most in service Mi-28s look like they have the EO systems in the nose mounted balls but no mast mounted radar... pretty much making them a half way house between the daylight fair weather only Mi-28A and the night and all weather Mi-28N...
Personally I would think the Havocs with night and all weather EO but no radar would be 15-16 million each, the full Mi-28N would be 18-20 million each and these new Mi-28NMs are probably coming in at the same price as the expensive but capable Ka-52s at 25-26 million each or thereabouts.
I suspect their final solution will be the same as used in the US for their Apaches... the vast majority will be upgraded with all systems bar the expensive radar at about 18 million each or perhaps slightly less, and one or two in each flight will be the full standard more expensive model with radar and full systems... they can share target data so the one with the radar always gets the job of popping up to find targets and to hand off target data to the other aircraft in the attack...
The Hokum could do that for some time and could also communicate target information to HQ and ground forces including forward observers and other helos in its flight... hope they have implemented that in the new Havocs... it seems all Russian platforms are getting this sort of capability.
My understanding is that it is a serious upgrade including AI assisted targeting and helmet mounted sights with rather more than just a blinking cursor in them...
This new type has completely upgraded the fire control and navigation and communications systems...
As I mentioned above they might be upset by the price but all they can really do is change the ratio of new and upgraded models they buy and extend the period over which they buy them...
Perhaps they should get some to Syria as soon as possible and work out any kinks and then send some to India to see if they want to change their mind regarding buying Ah-64s and their special relationship with the US...
marcellogo Sat Feb 23, 2019 12:41 pm
Noo! What have you (mis-)understood, Garry?
I have said that they will update existing Mi-28 to a NM like standard and they would produce Ka-52 instead of + acquiring a (limited) batch of new (Mi-28NM) ones, not any substitution of already existing items.
And not, it's not a question of protection in this case: it's just Mi-28NM being a totally new product would require to set up a new or almost modify an already existing assembly line (and this would mean adding additional costs and loss of time) while Ka-52 is actually already in production so they would just need to put their own order in queue (or just add a working shift, if the actual line is not working at 100% capability).
Hole Sat Feb 23, 2019 5:14 pm
Its just the typical blackmailing.
So the Mi-28NM is to expensive.
There are rumours that the VKS is still buing some Mi-35M´s a year.
And the VDV wants an new armored transport helicopter.
A solution could be the ressurection of the Mi-40 program = a Mi-28 with troop cabin like Mi-24/-35. Fit it with the systems of the Mi-28NM and you got a helicopter with the same sensor and weapons capabilities like the Mi-28NM and the capacity to transport 8 soldiers. VKS can skip the Mi-28NM and stop buying Mi-35M´s and no need for a special development program for a special helicopter for the VDV.
GarryB Sun Feb 24, 2019 11:05 am
They are using the Mi-28s and Hinds as attack helos and Ka-52s as recon helos.
If you are trying to say they will buy Ka-52s instead of new Mi-28NMs and just upgrade existing Mi-28s to NM standard then you are suggesting they use mixed brigades of Ka-52s, Mi-28NMs, and upgraded Hinds as attack helos...
Sounds a bit strange to me.
They are making Mi-28s for Algeria and Iraq... so why would there not be a production line able to produce the aircraft they need?
The reason they went to the Mi-28 design was because they found that combining designs of transport and attack helos was not enormously successful.
Sitting on the ground while people get out is dangerous, and it makes more sense to put people in a transport like an Mi-8 or Mi-17 where they can get out the sides and the rear because the faster they get out or get in the better in terms of transport helos... for an attack helo not being on the ground is the best solution because it renders even the most capable attack helo a sitting duck...
The only improvement I could see would be that with a rear ramp door you could have a rear facing gun and optics... these days you could use lightweight ceramic armour for use against small arms and DIRCMS for use against guided weapons but there is always the threat of ATGMs and of course unguided rockets like RPGs.
I would suggest they just harden up and buy the damn things...
Hole Sun Feb 24, 2019 11:26 am
Mi-40 came after Mi-28.
If the VKS or VDS didn´t want this feature or it was´t so successful the woudln´t purchase the Mi-35.
The Mi-35 is like a BMP-2, the Mi-40 (or however they would call it) would be like a T-15.
marcellogo Sun Feb 24, 2019 1:10 pm
Still much less strange that the one you tough I have originally proposed, so I replied to clarify the point.
I give there for sure that they would improve Mi-28A and N to a standard comparable to the one of NM i.e. put state of the art seekers, ECM and comm on them independently from the fact that they would order NM or Ka-52.
Yes, they are producing Mi-28 for Algeria and Iraq and Ka-52 for Egypt but in the first case they are not NM for sure.
Can they switch into producing them without added cost and time or they need to wait these order to be completed and after that to stop and modify the serial assembly line? Price and time to deliver would be way greater in the latter case.
GunshipDemocracy Sun Feb 24, 2019 1:39 pm
GarryB wrote: The reason they went to the Mi-28 design was because they found that combining designs of transport and attack helos was not enormously successful.
it was technically, just then Russians switched to US concept. Which wasnt really suitable for VDV as we can see now,
GB wrote: Sitting on the ground while people get out is dangerous, and it makes more sense to put people in a transport like an Mi-8 or Mi-17 where they can get out the sides and the rear because the faster they get out or get in the better in terms of transport helos... for an attack helo not being on the ground is the best solution because it renders even the most capable attack helo a sitting duck...
Would you suggest that is it better to use un-armored trucks not IVFs to deliver/support troops on battlefield?
Hole Sun Feb 24, 2019 4:37 pm
Look, a successor for the Mi-35 based on the already tested Mi-28NM would mid-term save a lot of money.
No purchase of Mi-28NM and Mi-35
No develpment of a special helicopter for VDV
The Mi-XX (Mi-40?) could be used as
- "simple" attack helicopter for CAS and AT
- transportation of soldiers/Special Forces for Army/VKS/VDV/Navy
- CSAR
- MEDEVAC
- transportation of freight, even additional ammunition/rockets/missiles for the CAS/AT roles
Development of special versions (flying command post, EW and so on) would be possible.
But in the end it doesn´t matter. At MAKS both sides will find a compromise (= the ministry of economy and trade will subsidize the purchase with a loan to the company) and the Mi-28NM will be purchased.
GarryB Mon Feb 25, 2019 3:30 am
Not the same thing... landing troops in helos makes the troops vulnerable... not so much like transporting troops in trucks as having them sit on the outside of tanks operating on the front line...
Their experience was that a Hind was no safer or better off than a Hip when both are on the ground... but you need about four Hinds to effectively deliver the amount of troops one Mi-8 can deliver in one go and having four Hinds on the ground means they are unable to use their weapons.
They started putting troops in Hinds and ended up just putting extra ammo in them and using them to lift out individuals or small groups.
That is why the replacement Mi-28 has room for 2-3 people in a pinch so it could rescue a downed air crew, but is not intended as a helicopter to land troops...
Except it would not be ready for ten years at least... though the bonus will be that it should be able to take advantage of the improvements in design they develop from the new high speed helo programmes...
All fine and good... but the Mi-28NM is already an excellent CAS and attack helo and the Mi-17 and soon Mi-38 already have the transport applications covered too.
Why would they need a whole separate new helo design to do two jobs better done by separate platforms...
They already have those based on the Hip...
At MAKS both sides will find a compromise (= the ministry of economy and trade will subsidize the purchase with a loan to the company) and the Mi-28NM will be purchased.
As I have said... they have little real choice on both sides.... that will be what they cost, so the Military will just need to change their plans and reschedule the upgrades and purchases to spread the costs out and make it more affordable... they might change their minds about a few of the more exotic capabilities of course... put them off for a later date when the technology is more mature and cheaper...
GunshipDemocracy Mon Feb 25, 2019 10:21 am
Not the same thing... landing troops in helos makes the troops vulnerable...
Those troops never land in Mi-8 at first place They will be destroyed in the air, same unarmored tucks would be.
I think you get wrong concept of using "flying ivf" concept. AFAI understand It is not to fly to prepared airfield where there is no enemy fire.
It is to fight to suppress enemy fire points and then deploy troops and continue supporting.
GB wrote: Their experience was that a Hind was no safer or better off than a Hip when both are on the ground... but you need about four Hinds to effectively deliver the amount of troops one Mi-8 can deliver in one go and having four Hinds on the ground means they are unable to use their weapons.
IVF can carry 6-8 troops, average truck can carry 20-30 same ratio. Well armored IVF has no problem with 12,7mm fire, truck is destroyed then. With troops.
GB wrote: They started putting troops in Hinds and ended up just putting extra ammo in them and using them to lift out individuals or small groups.
not really both Mi-42 project + new VDV request say something else.
magnumcromagnon Mon Feb 25, 2019 3:43 pm
Why not modify an existing design like the Mi-26, which it's carrying capacity allows it to be flexible enough to up-armor the cockpit, and add wings with weapon pylons. A good portion of it's payload could be dedicated to those modifications, but still have significant payload for soldiers and equipment.
GarryB Tue Feb 26, 2019 5:50 am
There was a plan for an Mi-40 to compliment the Mi-28 in the same way the Mi-8 and Mi-24 compliment each other as transport and attack helo, but the Mi-40 never got off the drawing board AFAIK.
If you want to be MR Fussy the Mi-24 is broadly based on the Mi-8, so having the Mi-40 based on the Mi-28 is just a continuation of what they have been doing...
the fact that they have Mi-28s in service and are still buying a few Mi-35s suggests the few transports they wanted are being satisfied relatively cheaply with Mi-35s.
The better question would be how different is the Mi-28 in production and the Mi-28NM they want... have they fundamentally changed the structural design like MiG did with the MiG-29M2/KR/35?
Not as much money as basically fitting the Mi-35 with Mi-28NM components like rotors and engines and wings etc etc...
Debarking troops under heavy enemy fire is not going to go well in either case...
Is that genuine or bullshit like the MiG-37 Ferret?
The nose of that aircraft looks like a British Lynx...
dino00 Thu Mar 07, 2019 8:12 pm
The Ministry of Defense agreed on the serial deliveries of the Mi-28NM to the troops
ROSTOV-ON-DON, March 7 - RIA News . The Ministry of Defense and the Russian Helicopters holding agreed on the price of the Mi-28NM helicopter, a contract is being prepared, said Alexei Krivoruchko, the deputy head of the military department.
Earlier in a number of media reports have appeared that the army will not buy these cars due to the high cost.
"We have reached a full understanding on the price, we are preparing, we are starting work," Krivoruchko told reporters.
He noted that a large contract was prepared "both for the Mi-28 and for the Ka-52." The volume of the first order for the Mi-28NM is now being discussed, it will be six or 18 cars.
The Deputy Minister stressed that the work on improving the helicopter will continue: the appearance and equipment may change.
The head of the Russian Helicopters holding company, Andrei Boginsky, said that the military's arguments about the price of the Mi-28NM were heard, the car was subjected to serious improvements, including its flight performance.
He added that a consensus "on pricing" with the customer was reached.
The Russian Helicopters also reported that they handed over to the Ministry of Defense seven combat vehicles: two transport combat Mi-35M, two combat training Mi-28UB and three Mi-28N "Night Hunter".
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Discussion in 'Windows XP' started by mully4235, Jul 19, 2006.
I will never buy another Dell computer again. In the less than three years that I have had this computer I have had more problems with it than with all of my other computers combimed, including the hard drive dying after only owning it for less than six months.
So, is there any hope of fixing this without losing everything on the computer?
not quite sure what else you need to know.
everything I see when I google it states that it is a corrupt video driver. Have you installed a new video card recently? If not, you may want to install the latest drivers from the mfg.
I haven't installed a new video card. The only thing I have installed lately was about a week and a half ago, I installed software and drivers for my cell phone. But it was working fine after doing that. The other morning I woke up to find that windows had done an update and restrted itself, but I don 't even know what updates it installed.
Well, I got into safe mode and tried installing an updated driver for the video card. When it restarted it did the same thing: the blue screen of death. So I have no clue what to do now. My mouse won't work in safe mode either so it was really hard getting around in there. Anyone ?
OK, I got into safe mode and tried to install an updated driver for the video card. When it restarted I got the same result, the blue screen of death. I couldn't get the mouse to work in safe mode either which made getting around in there really hard.
Does this mean that it is a problem with the video card? Is there any thing I can do to fix this? Should I buy another video card and if so which one?
Definitely an nVidia graphics card problem - possibly due to overheating. If you shut down and let the machine cool off for several hours, do you still get the video problem immediately on startup?
If you Google this error you get oodles of hits, so it's a common problem with just as many suggested fixes (and a lot damning Dell). No one seems to have a definitive answer (not even the nVidia forum!), except get another card - anything but nVidia. If you're a gamer this is no cheap solution, so it is obviously a last resort, but maybe you could try another card from one of your other computers and see how it goes.
Where did you download the driver from? Are you sure it was the correct one? If you have an onboard video card you will need to get the drivers for the motherboard, not the video card. An easy way to tell what video card you have is to go to start > run > dxdiag > display tab. Let me know what it says there.
I've let it cool off for only about a half hour with the same results. Maybe I'll have to let it cool off for a couple hours longer and see how that goes. I know the fan is always running and it's pretty loud. The only games I play are Sims 1 and Sims 2 and Roller Coaster Tychoon,. Not sure what type of card to buy for those?
. Other than that I have no idea. If I could find my order receipt from Dell it might be on there?
is this the driver you installed? If not, use it.
well, I installed it and the computer actually booted up and started normally! I guess I'll have to wait and see if it fixes it for good. At least it's not blinking right now anyway.


After a while, the video that play when our Android phone is switched on, and most of all the audio, can become quite annoying. The same happens with the audio and video that play when the device is switched off. This post explains how to get rid of them.
Note: The procedure exposed in this post has been tried on a Samsung Galaxy ACE. For other brands and models, the procedure might be different from the one described here.
The files to be removed are located under the "/system" folder. By default, this folder is write-protected. In order to make changes to it, the mobile must have been rooted, and have a file explorer installed (for instance, Root Explorer or SuperManager), to be able to modify the content of that folder.
Startup video: /system/media/bootsamsung.qmg and /system/media/bootsamsungloop.qmg.
If you just want to get rid of the audio, remove or rename the files in points 3) and 4), and leave the other unchanged.


Domain zone uz.ua. Main characteristics.
Domains uz.ua. Frequently Asked Questions.
Who can use domain zone "uz.ua"?
A .uz.ua can be used and registered by anyone or any corporation.
How much domain "uz.ua" registration costs?
Domain registration or prolongation in domain zone "uz.ua" will be cost 282.00 UAH per year.
It is possible if this domain name is free and meets all requirements of the .uz.ua registry.
What you need for domain registration in zone "uz.ua"?
Are there any additional conditions and requirements for domain zone "uz.ua"?
Are there any restrictions for domain zone "uz.ua"?
Do you need to have a trademark or another official documents for domain "uz.ua" registration?
Registration in .uz.ua domain is a completely open, with no restrictions or validations required to obtain a name.


All Medicare eligible services, with the exception of procedures, are Bulk Billed at the Charlestown rooms.
The Hunter Imaging Group branch at Charlestown is a new purpose built facility located on the Ground Floor level of the new H2 Health Square building opposite the Charlestown library. There is access to the practice via either the Ridley Street or Smith Street entrances.
The new rooms at Charlestown provide MRI, CT, general x-ray, ultrasound and doctor dependant procedures.


Do you still listen to your phonograph records?
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For LP to CD transfers, I offer four different service levels that trade off cost vs. time involved. For tape media, I generally go by a cost-per-minute rate depending on the length of the recording.
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Thanks for reading, and let's keep all that great old music alive!


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text:
"""Utility functions for FlatBuffers.

All functions that are commonly used to work with FlatBuffers.

Refer to the tensorflow lite flatbuffer schema here:
tensorflow/lite/schema/schema.fbs

"""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import copy
import random
import re

import flatbuffers
from tensorflow.lite.python import schema_py_generated as schema_fb
from tensorflow.python.platform import gfile

_TFLITE_FILE_IDENTIFIER = b'TFL3'

def convert_bytearray_to_object(model_bytearray):
  """Converts a tflite model from a bytearray to an object for parsing."""
  model_object = schema_fb.Model.GetRootAsModel(model_bytearray, 0)
  return schema_fb.ModelT.InitFromObj(model_object)

def read_model(input_tflite_file):
  """Reads a tflite model as a python object.

  Args:
    input_tflite_file: Full path name to the input tflite file

  Raises:
    RuntimeError: If input_tflite_file path is invalid.
    IOError: If input_tflite_file cannot be opened.

  Returns:
    A python object corresponding to the input tflite file.
  """
  if not gfile.Exists(input_tflite_file):
    raise RuntimeError('Input file not found at %r\n' % input_tflite_file)
  with gfile.GFile(input_tflite_file, 'rb') as input_file_handle:
    model_bytearray = bytearray(input_file_handle.read())
  return convert_bytearray_to_object(model_bytearray)

def read_model_with_mutable_tensors(input_tflite_file):
  """Reads a tflite model as a python object with mutable tensors.

  Similar to read_model() with the addition that the returned object has
  mutable tensors (read_model() returns an object with immutable tensors).

  Args:
    input_tflite_file: Full path name to the input tflite file

  Raises:
    RuntimeError: If input_tflite_file path is invalid.
    IOError: If input_tflite_file cannot be opened.

  Returns:
    A mutable python object corresponding to the input tflite file.
  """
  return copy.deepcopy(read_model(input_tflite_file))

def convert_object_to_bytearray(model_object):
  """Converts a tflite model from an object to a immutable bytearray."""
  # Initial size of the buffer, which will grow automatically if needed
  builder = flatbuffers.Builder(1024)
  model_offset = model_object.Pack(builder)
  builder.Finish(model_offset, file_identifier=_TFLITE_FILE_IDENTIFIER)
  model_bytearray = bytes(builder.Output())
  return model_bytearray

def write_model(model_object, output_tflite_file):
  """Writes the tflite model, a python object, into the output file.

  Args:
    model_object: A tflite model as a python object
    output_tflite_file: Full path name to the output tflite file.

  Raises:
    IOError: If output_tflite_file path is invalid or cannot be opened.
  """
  model_bytearray = convert_object_to_bytearray(model_object)
  with gfile.GFile(output_tflite_file, 'wb') as output_file_handle:
    output_file_handle.write(model_bytearray)

def strip_strings(model):
  """Strips all nonessential strings from the model to reduce model size.

  We remove the following strings:
  (find strings by searching ":string" in the tensorflow lite flatbuffer schema)
  1. Model description
  2. SubGraph name
  3. Tensor names
  We retain OperatorCode custom_code and Metadata name.

  Args:
    model: The model from which to remove nonessential strings.

  """

  model.description = None
  for subgraph in model.subgraphs:
    subgraph.name = None
    for tensor in subgraph.tensors:
      tensor.name = None
  # We clear all signature_def structure, since without names it is useless.
  model.signatureDefs = None

def randomize_weights(model, random_seed=0):
  """Randomize weights in a model.

  Args:
    model: The model in which to randomize weights.
    random_seed: The input to the random number generator (default value is 0).

  """

  # The input to the random seed generator. The default value is 0.
  random.seed(random_seed)

  # Parse model buffers which store the model weights
  buffers = model.buffers
  for i in range(1, len(buffers)):  # ignore index 0 as it's always None
    buffer_i_data = buffers[i].data
    buffer_i_size = 0 if buffer_i_data is None else buffer_i_data.size

    # Raw data buffers are of type ubyte (or uint8) whose values lie in the
    # range [0, 255]. Those ubytes (or unint8s) are the underlying
    # representation of each datatype. For example, a bias tensor of type
    # int32 appears as a buffer 4 times it's length of type ubyte (or uint8).
    # TODO(b/152324470): This does not work for float as randomized weights may
    # end up as denormalized or NaN/Inf floating point numbers.
    for j in range(buffer_i_size):
      buffer_i_data[j] = random.randint(0, 255)

def xxd_output_to_bytes(input_cc_file):
  """Converts xxd output C++ source file to bytes (immutable).

  Args:
    input_cc_file: Full path name to th C++ source file dumped by xxd

  Raises:
    RuntimeError: If input_cc_file path is invalid.
    IOError: If input_cc_file cannot be opened.

  Returns:
    A bytearray corresponding to the input cc file array.
  """
  # Match hex values in the string with comma as separator
  pattern = re.compile(r'\W*(0x[0-9a-fA-F,x ]+).*')

  model_bytearray = bytearray()

  with open(input_cc_file) as file_handle:
    for line in file_handle:
      values_match = pattern.match(line)

      if values_match is None:
        continue

      # Match in the parentheses (hex array only)
      list_text = values_match.group(1)

      # Extract hex values (text) from the line
      # e.g. 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x54, 0x46, 0x4c,
      values_text = filter(None, list_text.split(','))

      # Convert to hex
      values = [int(x, base=16) for x in values_text]
      model_bytearray.extend(values)

  return bytes(model_bytearray)

def xxd_output_to_object(input_cc_file):
  """Converts xxd output C++ source file to object.

  Args:
    input_cc_file: Full path name to th C++ source file dumped by xxd

  Raises:
    RuntimeError: If input_cc_file path is invalid.
    IOError: If input_cc_file cannot be opened.

  Returns:
    A python object corresponding to the input tflite file.
  """
  model_bytes = xxd_output_to_bytes(input_cc_file)
  return convert_bytearray_to_object(model_bytes)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: Can't see temp table from subquery I have a query that selects data from tables and one temp table. This works fine, but there is a GROUP BY/ORDER BY combination that doesn't work well for me. Indeed, I need to order the results and only then group by.
So I enclosed the query (without the group by) into a subquery, which is then grouped by the column. This works well in development, however when executed from a procedure, I'm getting the following error: Base table or view not found: 1146 Table 'bicou_gtfs_rennes.trip1' doesn't exist.
The trip1 table is temporary, all other tables are standard. I'm using InnoDB.
Here's the query that generates this error:
In this context, t is a string containing a table name, and r2 and rt are strings representing a comma separated list of integers (such as 1,34,2,54).
set @sql = concat("create temporary table t2d as
select * from (
     select
         t1.*
         ,s2d.id as s2d_iid
         ,s2d.stop_name as s2d_name, s2d.stop_lat as s2d_lat, s2d.stop_lon as s2d_lon
         ,st2d.idep as st2d_idep
         ,t2.id as t2_iid, t2.trip_headsign as t2_headsign
         ,t2.trip_type as t2_type
         ,r2.route_short_name as r2_rt, r2.route_long_name as r2_route, r2.route_type as r2_type, r2.route_text_color as r2_text_color, r2.route_color as r2_color

     from trip1 t1
     left join stops s2d on s2d.id = t1.cs1_to
     left join ", st, " st2d on st2d.stop_iid = s2d.id
         and st2d.idep > t1.t1_arr
         and st2d.idep < bicou_gtfs.GtfsTimeAdd(t1.t1_arr, 45*60)
     inner join ", t, " t2 on t2.id = st2d.trip_iid
         and t2.route_iid in (", r2, ")
     inner join routes r2 on r2.id = t2.route_iid and r2.route_type in (", rt, ")

     order by st2d_idep asc
) a group by a.t2_type");

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

Below is a very similar query that works, but which doesn't get the right order when grouping:
set @sql = concat("create temporary table t2d as
select" -- difference
"    t1.*
     ,s2d.id as s2d_iid
     ,s2d.stop_name as s2d_name, s2d.stop_lat as s2d_lat, s2d.stop_lon as s2d_lon
    ,st2d.idep as st2d_idep
    ,t2.id as t2_iid, t2.trip_headsign as t2_headsign
    ,t2.trip_type as t2_type
    ,r2.route_short_name as r2_rt, r2.route_long_name as r2_route, r2.route_type as r2_type, r2.route_text_color as r2_text_color, r2.route_color as r2_color

from trip1 t1
left join stops s2d on s2d.id = t1.cs1_to
left join ", st, " st2d on st2d.stop_iid = s2d.id
    and st2d.idep > t1.t1_arr
    and st2d.idep < bicou_gtfs.GtfsTimeAdd(t1.t1_arr, 45*60)
inner join ", t, " t2 on t2.id = st2d.trip_iid
    and t2.route_iid in (", r2, ")
inner join routes r2 on r2.id = t2.route_iid and r2.route_type in (", rt, ")

group by t1_type ", -- difference
"order by st2d_idep asc"); -- difference

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

The differences are subtle (I marked the lines), the whole query is enclosed into a SELECT * FROM (...) a GROUP BY a.t1_type; and the GROUP BY t1_type from the inner query is of course removed.
Is it a normal limitation? My main goal is to order first, then group. If it's possible without enclosing the query in a SELECT statement, I'm in.
Here's my setup:

*

*Debian GNU/Linux 3.2 x86_64

*MySQL 5.6.23

*InnoDB tables

Here's the routine info of the procedure:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.ROUTINES where routine_schema='bicou_gtfs_rennes' and specific_name = 'Get1CJourneys' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           SPECIFIC_NAME: Get1CJourneys
         ROUTINE_CATALOG: def
          ROUTINE_SCHEMA: bicou_gtfs_rennes
            ROUTINE_NAME: Get1CJourneys
            ROUTINE_TYPE: PROCEDURE
               DATA_TYPE:
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH: NULL
  CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH: NULL
       NUMERIC_PRECISION: NULL
           NUMERIC_SCALE: NULL
      DATETIME_PRECISION: NULL
      CHARACTER_SET_NAME: NULL
          COLLATION_NAME: NULL
          DTD_IDENTIFIER: NULL
            ROUTINE_BODY: SQL
      ROUTINE_DEFINITION: begin
*content removed for clarity*
end
           EXTERNAL_NAME: NULL
       EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE: NULL
         PARAMETER_STYLE: SQL
        IS_DETERMINISTIC: NO
         SQL_DATA_ACCESS: CONTAINS SQL
                SQL_PATH: NULL
           SECURITY_TYPE: DEFINER
                 CREATED: 2015-03-15 22:58:20
            LAST_ALTERED: 2015-03-15 22:58:20
                SQL_MODE: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
         ROUTINE_COMMENT:
                 DEFINER: bicou_gtfs@%
    CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8
    COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci
      DATABASE_COLLATION: latin1_swedish_ci
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

Edit March 16th 23:09pm GMT+1
OK I could narrow it down to this:
CREATE PROCEDURE `testbug`()
begin
    drop table if exists t1d;
    drop table if exists t1a;
    drop table if exists trip1;
    drop table if exists t2d;

    create temporary table t1d as
    select t1.id as t1_iid, t1.trip_type as t1_type
    from stops s1d
    left join stop_times_12 st1d on st1d.stop_iid = s1d.id
    inner join trips_part t1 on t1.id = st1d.trip_iid
    limit 10;

    create temporary table t1a as
    select t1.*, st1a.idep as st1a_idep, s1a.id as s1a_iid
    from t1d t1
    left join stop_times_12 st1a on st1a.trip_iid = t1.t1_iid
    left join stops s1a on s1a.id = st1a.stop_iid;

    create temporary table trip1
    select t1.*, cs1.to_stop_iid as cs1_to, GtfsTimeAdd(st1a_idep, cs1.distance) as t1_arr
    from t1a t1
    inner join stop_connections cs1 on cs1.from_stop_iid = t1.s1a_iid
    order by t1_arr asc;

    set @sql = "create temporary table t2d as
    select * from (
        select t1.*
        from trip1 t1
        left join stop_times_12 st2d on st2d.idep < GtfsTimeAdd(t1.t1_arr, 45*60)
    ) a ";

    PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
    EXECUTE stmt;
    DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
END

More code available here.
The last step fails in this version, but:

*

*succeeds if I remove the set @sql ... prepare ... execute and just execute the query directly (as the others)

*succeeds if I change the st2d.idep < GtfsTimeAdd(t1.t1_arr, 45*60) to st2d.idep < 1000 (random dumb value)

*succeeds if I change the select * from (...) a to just the inner ... query

I'm confused!
EDIT 2015/09/23
I was able to reproduce it with very little code. I have uploaded the code as a GitHub gist.
I have submitted a MySQL bug.

A: I'm going to guess at the answer...
ReCREATE the Stored Procedure with SECURITY INVOKER to see if that will let it see the TEMPORARY table trip1.
(This assumes that you were not doing SECURITY DEFINER in order to gain some permissions that the INVOKER does not otherwise have.)
Based on the discussion of access to Temporary Tables on http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/privileges-provided.html , I would expect it to be ok (> version 5.6.3).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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