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La Fédération internationale de korfbal  (en anglais et officiellement ) (IKF)  est une association sportive internationale qui fédère plus de 80 fédérations nationales du monde entier.

Elle est responsable du classement mondial des équipes nationales, de la définition des règles officielles et de l'organisation de compétitions internationales majeures.

L'IKF est affiliée à l'Association générale des fédérations internationales de sports et à l'Association des fédérations internationales de sports reconnues par le Comité international olympique en 1993. Elle est également partie prenante de l'Agence mondiale antidopage.

La Fédération siège à Utrecht aux Pays-Bas depuis décembre 2020, après avoir siégé à Zeist.

Associations membres
La Fédération Internationale de Korfbal a été fondée à Anvers (Belgique) le  dans le prolongement du Bureau International de Korfball créé en 1924 par les associations néerlandaise et belge.

Références

Voir aussi

Lien externe
  Site officiel de l'IkF

korfbal
Federation
Association ou organisme ayant son siège aux Pays-Bas


Although I started my working life as a school teacher, passion has always been art and creative ventures. As a teacher, I would always paint on the huge windows in my classroom. Instead of handing out stars to children when they did work, I would draw a picture at the foot of each assignment they completed.
I didn't really consider this to be art, I considered it to be 'mucking around.'My more formal exposure to the arts and creative world was a Spinning and Weaving course in Rotorua. Over time I knitted garments for my family with my freshly spun wool, and created woven rugs and mats. The mats and handbags were sold through a local studio – Studio 66. I dabbled in pottery – but left this medium to some of my very talented friends, and also produced some copper art pieces including a large round beaten art piece that covered our fireplace and became a core art piece in our home for many years.
As I raised my three daughters in Cambridge, I was involved in organising a Luau, a Jungfu Ball, a Medieval Banquet and various other events for charitable organisations. My role involved convincing people to build props including replica life sized stocks, as well as personally painting huge works to decorate the halls for each event.I was also involved I organised and with my friends, ran a French Café for the Cambridge Arts Society annual exhibitions for a number of years. Other ventures that I was involved in were running the Cambridge Town Market Days for a number of years.Little did I realise that these were outlets for my creative talents, I considered them to be a lot of fun and a great way to get involved in fundraising and contribute to my community.
I have only been painting seriously for 20 years and over time settled on my style – which I will tell you more about in my next blog.I love the town of Cambridge, where I live walking distance from the town. My biggest critics are my three daughters as they are all individuals – they all have different tastes. One of my daughters states that her favourite most precious pieces are some of my first practice pieces and the modern bespoke paintings that I have done for her and her husband, while still enjoying my more traditional style.
Another of my daughters is also an artist, and while she is a fan of my art, her personal style is that of more modern mixed media art.
To give you an insight into how I work, this photo is of the start of a painting for them. Over the next blog posts, I will share photos of the development of the painting with you.In my next blog, I will tell you about my style and how I came to develop it.


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Q: Seeking collaborative map editor tool for non-technical users with OpenStreetMap basemap I'm looking for a tool to allow non-technical users to create map polygons based off printed maps, and export them into a geographiclal format.
It should be based on OSM base tiles (to avoid licensing issues) and ideally offer open satellite imagery too.
The basic requirements are: easy to sign up for, easy to use, and allow data export in an open format.
I have found UMap, which basically does what I need, but I would ideally like something with satellite tiles (a lot of my data is in the countryside, where OSM is less detailed, and it would be useful to check underlying geographical features).
I don't mind asking my users to install a piece of software, so I could use desktop software if that's easier.

A: At Mango we will shortly (within the next few weeks) be releasing a teams feature that will allow for multiple users on a single account and group editing. It offers OSM base maps and satellite base maps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Dernière modification de cette page le 19 avril 2019 à 09:33.


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The Thunder Bay Hornets were a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.  At their height, they won two consecutive Bronze Medals at the Western Canadian Junior B Championships - the Keystone Cup and later were in competition for the National Junior A Championship, the Centennial Cup, as members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League.

History
The Hornets were formed in 1982 to provide a Junior B team to the Thunder Bay-region.  In their first year, they joined the Junior B Schreiber North Stars and the Junior A Thunder Bay Kings to form the Hockey Thunder Bay League—the region's only Junior league.

In both seasons in the TBJHL, the Hornets would win the City Junior B Crown but fall to the Thunder Bay Kings in the City Junior Finals.  In 1983, the Hornets travelled to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba to compete for the Keystone Cup.  Up against the Portage Terriers and Selkirk Fishermen of the Manitoba Junior B Hockey League as well as the Saskatoon Wesleys from the North Saskatchewan Junior B Hockey League.  The Hornets would finish with a Bronze medal.  In 1984, the Keystone Cup was hosted by the Schreiber North Stars in Schreiber, Ontario.  Portage and Selkirk would be the two other teams.  Both Ontario teams were badly outplayed by the Manitoba teams, but they would meet in the bronze medal game won by the Hornets 8-4.

In 1984, the Kings were granted expansion into the American Junior A United States Hockey League and renamed themselves the Thunder Bay Flyers.  With no real competition in the area, the Hornets took a chance and applied for entry into the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, a Junior A league in the neighbouring province to the West.  The Hornets were accepted and were granted the right to be the Thunder Bay Amateur Hockey Association's Junior A representation instead of the Flyers.  After a .500 record in their first season, finishing 3rd in the South Division, the Hornets were put out early in the MJHL playoffs.  In 1985-86, the Hornets fell seven games below .500 for 4th in the South and the same playoff result.  In the Flyers first two years in the USHL, they were equally dismal.

After 1986, the Hornets took leave of the MJHL and eventually disbanded.  This allowed for the Thunder Bay Flyers to stack their rosters with local talent instead of share.  From 1987 onward, the TBAHA would allow the Flyers to represent the region in the Centennial Cup playdowns in place of the Hornets (after they officially disbanded).  The Flyers would go on to win two Clark Cups as American Champions and two Centennial Cups as Canadian Junior A Champions.

Season-by-season records

Playoffs
TBJHL Years
1983 Won City Jr. B Final, Lost City Junior Final, Won Keystone Cup Bronze Medal
Thunder Bay Hornets defeated Schreiber North Stars 4-games-to-1 CITY JR. B CHAMPIONS
Thunder Bay Kings defeated Thunder Bay Hornets 3-games-to-none
Third in Keystone Cup round robin WESTERN CANADA JR. B BRONZE MEDALLISTS
1984 Won City Jr. B Final, Lost City Junior Final, Won Keystone Cup Bronze Medal Game
Thunder Bay Hornets defeated Thunder Bay Maple Leafs 2-games-to-1 CITY JR. B CHAMPIONS
Thunder Bay Kings defeated Thunder Bay Hornets 4-games-to-1 with 1 tie
Third in Keystone Cup round robin (1-3)
Thunder Bay Hornets defeated Schreiber North Stars 8-4 WESTERN CANADA JR. B BRONZE MEDALLISTS
MJHL Years
1985 Lost Quarter-final
St. James Canadians defeated Thunder Bay Hornets 4-games-to-2
1986 Lost Quarter-final
Winnipeg South Blues defeated Thunder Bay Hornets 4-games-to-none

See also
Manitoba Junior Hockey League
Superior International Junior Hockey League
Thunder Bay Junior A Hockey League
United States Hockey League
Hockey Northwestern Ontario
Canadian Junior A Hockey League
Dudley Hewitt Cup
Royal Bank Cup

External links
MJHL Website
Hockey Thunder Bay

Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Sport in Thunder Bay
Defunct Manitoba Junior Hockey League teams

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


NEBB Institute Promotes A Mission Statement That Is Clear And Concise.
NEBB Institute adopts and complies with the regulations and ethics rules of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP).
We endorse and strive to observe the highest standards of professional ethics to preserve the public trust inherent in the professional appraisal practice.
The Institute provides initial and monthly comprehensive education, on-going support, a dynamic international network, and certifies professionals in the art of machinery/equipment appraisal and brokerage.
Only qualified professionals who meet the Institute's stringent qualifications earn the prestigious professional designation of a Certified Machinery and Equipment Appraiser (CMEA).
Attend the Institute's intensive training class.
Successfully pass a comprehensive written examination.
Prepare a sample Appraisal Report that conforms to guidelines set forth by the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). The Report will be graded by two Certified Appraisers and pass the scrutiny of the Institute's Peer Review Committee.
Attend a CMEA refresher course once a year.
Comply with continuing education requirements mandated by the Institute.
Comply with the ethics rule of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice.


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Top 10 Healthiest Celebs
From Jennifer Lopez to Shilpa Shetty, get inspired by our top 10 healthy celebrity role models and be on your way to your better living
They may be renowned for their faddy diets, party lifestyles and stints in rehab, yet not all A-listers put their health on the back burner. To get inspiration from some super-fit and healthy stars, check out our top 10 healthiest celebs.
With her toned body and glowing skin, J-Lo clearly demonstrates the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. Having begun her career as a dancer, Jennifer has always been a fan of exercise yet she still has a healthy, relaxed attitude to diet and fitness, claiming to eat everything in moderation and stating that, while she tries to fit in regular exercise, her babies will always come first. Yet, despite this relaxed approach, super-fit J-Lo – who is also a strict non-smoker and teetotaller – impressively managed to completed a triathlon just seven months after giving birth to her twins.
Cameron Diaz is the classic California girl with her outdoorsy nature and love of exercise. Cameron has an extremely active lifestyle and perfectly toned physique and has recently embarked on a healthy eating regime to help fuel her lifestyle. As well as regularly hitting the gym, Cameron takes part in a variety of outdoor activities including surfing, snowboarding, running and skiing. The actress is also a poster-girl for good self-esteem, claiming to love her body more than ever since she hit her late thirties.
This brunette beauty is a strict follower of yoga, which is obvious considering her slender waist and toned physique. Teaching the techniques of this ancient activity on her own DVD, Shilpa is an advocate for its toning and strengthening benefits. The self-confessed green tea addict gave up her past addiction of fizzy drinks and maintains a balanced attitude towards food, eating a healthy 2000 calories a day. Shilpa reportedly follows a vegetarian diet for half of the week and through combining her yoga with Bollywood dance routines Shilpa is able to stay in great shape despite her sweet tooth.
Jennifer Aniston is a renowned health icon who embraces the perfect healthy combo of both regular exercise and a good diet. The Friends star reportedly cuts out processed foods from her diet and stocks up on protein and plenty of fresh fruit and veg. On top of this, Jennifer is dedicated to a varied exercise routine, incorporating cardio training, weight lifting and plenty of yoga and Pilates into her regular routine.
As a professional football player and model, David Beckham is pretty much obligated to be fit. However, on top of his intense training sessions, Beckham is also an advocate of a healthy diet and lifestyle and has recently launched a range of healthy meals to help get kids eating well too. To complement his healthy lifestyle, Beckham has also made the decision to remain teetotal; a decision which no doubt helps towards maintaining those famous abs.
Gwyneth Paltrow is a star who has always carefully monitored her health and diet. While in the past the actress may have taken healthy eating to the extreme with her allegiance to the Macrobiotic diet, Gwyneth has more recently relaxed her restrictive diet while still following some of its healthier principles. Gwyneth is also an advocate of good home-cooking, having recently released a cookbook packed with healthy options.
Described as one of the best Bollywood bodies, as a youth John would enjoy playing football and basketball but now follows a more rigorous exercise routine, usually for about two to three hours a day. A vegetarian, John views his fitness as a full time commitment and never misses a workout; always striving for higher results and increased endurance. He also has the art of taekwondo to thank for his toned physique.
Former Miss India and Miss Universe, Lara is known for her slender figure and healthy appearance. This is thanks to her balanced vegetarian diet, which she divides into five or six small meals daily. A fan of snacking on raw foods and swimming (she reportedly swims four times a week for two hours at a time) Lara also enjoys muscle toning to make up her six times a week exercise programme. Lara also enjoys the health benefits of cucumber juice and coconut water to keep her skin looking fresh.
As well as being a dedicated barefoot runner who has set himself the goal of running a marathon, Jake Gyllenhaal has a strong interest in healthy eating. In fact, the actor not only admits to being a keen cook with an obsession with recipe books, but he makes sure to include lots of fresh food in his diet. So much so that Jake is a regular at farmers' markets and also grows his own vegetables in his garden at home.
Fitness fan Bipasha has her very own fitness DVD to share her passion for exercise, which she thinks if enjoyed regularly can improve motivation and confidence in all areas of life. A follower of eating a larger meal in the morning and gradually reducing the portions throughout the day, Bipasha is a fan of egg whites and a high protein diet. Bipasha exercises six days a week for an hour, combining aerobics and weight training to help keep her challenged and motivated.
In associate with Real Buzz
Read more on Realbuzz
7 celebrity health secrets
Top 10 celebrity body turnarounds
Follow realbuzz on Facebook
Maison Sucre Launch Jennifer Lopez Cupcakes!
Cameron Diaz's Evening Out with Gwyneth Paltrow and Chris Martin
Shilpa Shetty is a Mum!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


During the summer, many people go to sporting events, music festivals, and local fairs. The goal of these events is to have great experiences with friends and family. For advertisers and event organizers, the challenge is creating experiences for attendees that they will take note of, value, and share with their friends. One way to do this is with creative festival signage and wayfinding. Festival graphics that go beyond the ordinary, utilizing surfaces like walls and the ground, are much more likely to engage attendees and leave them with a positive experience of your brand.
Think back to the last festival that you attended. There were probably countless banners and posters hanging all around. How many of them do you actually remember? How many can you separate out from the crowd? This is the problem with typical festival graphics. They are so expected and numerous that no matter how creative and powerful they may be, they get overlooked.
Advertisers and event organizers can push past this problem by creating floor and wall graphics. Graphics printed on materials like Asphalt Art or SportWalk can adhere to a wide variety of surfaces for a matter of days, weeks, or even months without losing their stick. Best of all, these graphics won't leave any sort of residue when they are removed if they are properly installed.
Floor and wall graphics placed on walking paths, in front of booths, on ceilings and on walls will draw the eyes of virtually every person who passes by. Such graphics are unexpected and can be printed to virtually any size or shape, giving them endless opportunities to be creative, unexpected, and engaging.
For example, a sponsor of your local fair could create a seemingly 3-D image that covers your main entrance area. Everyone who walks in will take note, enjoy the inventive graphic, and likely take pictures to share with their friends. Advertisers can incorporate short URLs, QR codes, or literally point people towards their booth with their custom graphics.
Event organizers can also get creative with how they provide safety signage, wayfinding, and how they brand the event. Offering sponsors prime locations for wall or floor graphics can open up a new stream of revenue for your event while making the whole experience more creative and unique.
Get a sense of how your festival could utilize floor and wall graphics by contacting Jessup Manufacturing for a free sample pack of Asphalt Art print material today.


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Fison, Lorimer (1832–1907)
by W. E. H. Stanner
Lorimer Fison (1832-1907), Wesleyan missionary, anthropologist and journalist, was born on 9 November 1832 at Barningham, Suffolk, England, the thirteenth of twenty children of Thomas Fison, farmer, and his cultivated and idealistic wife Charlotte, daughter of Rev. John Reynolds, who translated seventeenth-century religious writers. After schooling in Sheffield, Lorimer enrolled at Caius College, Cambridge, in June 1855. Tutored by his brother-in-law, Robert Potts (1818-1881), a Trinity don, he showed promise in mathematics. He also performed satisfactorily in classical and theological studies but was rusticated after two terms because of a boyish escapade. The affair left a lifelong wound but he accepted his lot stoically and left England for the Australian goldfields. It was possibly the second visit. In a letter written to Lewis Henry Morgan on 26 March 1880 Fison spoke of a 'return' to Australia after leaving Cambridge, and there is other slender and less dependable evidence to that effect. All that is certain of his Australian experiences until 1861 is that he passed through a severe personal crisis on the diggings: the news of his father's death caused him intense grief and he underwent a paroxysmic religious conversion at an open-air evangelical meeting. He left the goldfields, intending to complete his studies for a degree at the University of Melbourne, but he became a Wesleyan and, learning of the need for missionaries in Fiji, offered himself. He was ordained and in 1863 sailed for Fiji with his Welsh bride Jane, née Thomas.
Fison proved more than a match for the challenge of a still barbarous and turbulent region. According to Rev. Dr George Brown, he was 'one of the best missionaries whom God has ever given to our Church'. Large and imposing, kindly and cheery though formidable when aroused, in whom wit, common sense and intelligence combined, Fison became the confidant and adviser of natives, officials and settlers alike in his seven years at the Viwa, Lakemba and Rewa stations. The Fijians were drawn to him by repeated proof of his courage, honesty and devotion, and by the ease with which he learned their languages and customs. He was an eloquent preacher, a splendid conversationalist and a felicitous writer. He worked vigorously against the blackbirders and was of service in the tangle of Fijian, Tongan and international affairs that preceded the cession of the islands to Britain. In 1871 with a large reputation he left for pastoral work in New South Wales and Victoria. His health impaired but with the highest goodwill of the Wesleyan Conference of Australia, he returned to Fiji in 1875 to serve until 1884 as principal of the Navuloa Training Institution, on which he left an enduring mark.
In Fiji in 1869 Fison responded, at the suggestion of Professor Goldwin Smith, to an appeal by the American ethnologist, Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881), for information on the kinship systems of primitive peoples. He wrote a well-digested account of the Fijian and Tongan systems in time for inclusion as a supplement to Morgan's illuminating book, Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family (1871). On his return to Australia in 1871 Fison transferred his new scientific interest to the Aboriginals and through the newspapers sought help in the study. One who responded was Alfred Howitt and in 1872 they entered into a collaboration and loyal friendship that endured until 1900.
They amassed a large body of cohesive data on Aboriginal kinship, family and marriage forms and many empirical features of social organization and culture, by means of direct observation, face-to-face discussions with informants and the circulation of printed lists of questions to Europeans with Aboriginal contacts. This first study of Aboriginal actuality, though among broken tribes, was made by regularized methods under the control of theoretical concepts. Howitt was guided by Fison who understood the classification of kinship terminology and its related categories of thought as few scholars then did. Both were inspired, though not slavishly, by Morgan's evolutionist ideas. In 1880 their compendium, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, was published hurriedly to avert 'secret piracy'. Dedicated to Morgan, it was rightly acclaimed a landmark in anthropology. As none before, it made clear the segmentary character of Aboriginal society, including that most crucial structure, the articulation of territorial groups with social categories, but collapse of the evolutionist perspective and long bickering among contemporary scholars obscured the merit of this pioneer work. Fison wrote his sections in his second period in Fiji, after contributing information to Morgan's Ancient Society (1877).
Although heavily burdened by mission tasks including original works in Fijian, Fison worked indefatigably at anthropology. In 1881 he wrote a brilliant treatise on Fijian land tenure which had effect on three governments and in 1903 earned him tardy commendation from the Colonial Office. He continued to publish gracefully and informatively on a wide range of Fijian customs in 1881-95. Two joint papers of the 1880s remarkably anticipated the essentials of the organismic and structural-functional perspectives of modern social anthropology. The long mortification of never having a degree ended with honorary awards of an A.M. by an American university and a D.D. in Canada.
After four pastoral years in Hawthorn and Flemington Fison retired from the ministry in 1888. Poor and in failing health, he settled in Melbourne to earn a livelihood by journalism. He published Tales from Old Fiji edited in 1904 and edited the Spectator and Methodist Chronicle until 1905, when his lot was eased by the grant of a British government civil list pension of £150. He was a founder and one of the first fellows of Queen's College, Melbourne. In 1892 he was president of the anthropology section at the Hobart meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1894 he was among the representatives of Australian science at the British Association meeting at Oxford, where his work was fully acknowledged. He died at Essendon, Melbourne, on 29 December 1907, survived by his wife, two sons and four daughters.
C. Irving Benson (ed), A Century of Victorian Methodism (Melb, 1935)
C. B. Fletcher, The Black Knight of the Pacific (Syd, 1944)
G. Brown, 'Lorimer Fison', Australasian Methodist Missionary Review, vol 17, no 10, Feb 1908, pp 1-3
J. G. Frazer, 'Howitt and Fison', Folk-Lore (London), vol 20, no 11, June 1909, pp 144-80
B. J. Stern (ed), 'Selections from the Letters of Lorimer Fison and A. W. Howitt to Lewis Henry Morgan', American Anthropologist, vol 32, no 2, Apr 1930, pp 257-79 and vol 32, no 3, part 1, July-Sept 1930, pp 419-53
Age (Melbourne), 31 Dec 1907.
Fison, Jane (wife)
Mathews, Robert Hamilton (colleague)
Spencer, Walter Baldwin (colleague)
W. E. H. Stanner, 'Fison, Lorimer (1832–1907)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fison-lorimer-3523/text5423, published first in hardcopy 1972, accessed online 30 January 2023.
Barningham, Suffolk, England
Essendon, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Indigenous culture recorder
magazine/journal editor
Methodist minister


What is the meaning of the name Abigayle?
The meaning of the name Abigayle is "father of exaltation". The origin of the name is "Hebrew". The name Abigayle is mostly used as a girls name.
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text:
Divisional Reissue Applications; Continuation Reissue Applications Where the Parent is Pending
1451 Divisional Reissue Applications; Continuation Reissue Applications Where the Parent is Pending [R-10.2019]
35 U.S.C. 251 Reissue of defective patents.
(b) MULTIPLE REISSUED PATENTS - The Director may issue several reissued patents for distinct and separate parts of the thing patented, upon demand of the applicant, and upon payment of the required fee for a reissue for each of such reissued patents.
37 C.F.R. 1.177 Issuance of multiple reissue patents.
(a) The Office may reissue a patent as multiple reissue patents. If applicant files more than one application for the reissue of a single patent, each such application must contain or be amended to contain in the first sentence of the specification a notice stating that more than one reissue application has been filed and identifying each of the reissue applications by relationship, application number and filing date. The Office may correct by certificate of correction under § 1.322 any reissue patent resulting from an application to which this paragraph applies that does not contain the required notice.
(b) If applicant files more than one application for the reissue of a single patent, each claim of the patent being reissued must be presented in each of the reissue applications as an amended, unamended, or canceled (shown in brackets) claim, with each such claim bearing the same number as in the patent being reissued. The same claim of the patent being reissued may not be presented in its original unamended form for examination in more than one of such multiple reissue applications. The numbering of any added claims in any of the multiple reissue applications must follow the number of the highest numbered original patent claim.
(c) If any one of the several reissue applications by itself fails to correct an error in the original patent as required by 35 U.S.C. 251 but is otherwise in condition for allowance, the Office may suspend action in the allowable application until all issues are resolved as to at least one of the remaining reissue applications. The Office may also merge two or more of the multiple reissue applications into a single reissue application. No reissue application containing only unamended patent claims and not correcting an error in the original patent will be passed to issue by itself.
The court in In re Graff, 111 F.3d 874, 876-77, 42 USPQ2d 1471, 1473 (Fed. Cir. 1997) stated that "[t]he statute does not prohibit divisional or continuation reissue applications, and does not place stricter limitations on such applications when they are presented by reissue, provided of course that the statutory requirements specific to reissue applications are met." Following the decision in Graff, the Office has adopted a policy of treating continuations and divisionals of reissue applications, to the extent possible, in the same manner as continuations and divisionals of non-reissue applications.
Nonetheless, the mere fact that the application purports to be a continuation or divisional of a parent reissue application does not make it a reissue application itself, since it is possible to file a 35 U.S.C. 111(a) continuing application of a reissue application. See In re Bauman, 683 F.2d 405, 409, 214 USPQ 585, 589 (CCPA 1982) (a patentee may file a regular continuation of a reissue application that obtains the benefit of the reissue application's filing date).
The filing of a regular continuation or divisional application (e.g., a Bauman type continuation or divisional application) has at least two significant effects. First, the claims in a Bauman type continuation or divisional application will not have the same effective U.S. filing date as the original patent. This is because a reissue application is necessarily filed after the patenting of the original application. Therefore, a Bauman type continuation or divisional application of the reissue application could not satisfy the copendency requirement of 35 U.S.C. 120 with respect to the original patent. See Bauman, 683 F.2d at 410 (regular continuation of a reissue cannot claim benefit to the filing date of the original patent, but instead is limited to the filing date of the reissue); Conover v. Downs, 35 F.2d 59, 17 C.C.P.A. 587, 590-91 (C.C.P.A. 1929) (reissue continuation of a reissue cannot claim benefit to the filing date of the original patent, but instead is limited to the filing date of the reissue). At best, the earliest effective U.S. filing date would be the filing date of the first reissue application that the Bauman type continuation or divisional application is entitled to claim benefit to under 35 U.S.C. 120. Second, a decision to file a Bauman type continuation or divisional application instead of a continuation or divisional reissue application results in the inability to file any subsequent reissues of the original patent once there are no pending applications for reissue of the original patent. See MPEP § 1460 for more information about surrender when there are multiple reissue applications and the effect of a reissue patent on other related reissue applications.
If filing a continuation reissue application as opposed to a Bauman type continuation application, there must be an identification, on filing, that the application is a continuation reissue application. Likewise, there must be an identification, on filing, that the application is a divisional reissue application, as opposed to a divisional of a reissue application.
If the application data sheet states, or the specification is amended to state, that the application is a "continuation" or "divisional" of its parent reissue application, the application may very well be treated as a Bauman type continuation or divisional application. The application data sheet should separately identify the application as (1) a continuation or divisional of the parent reissue application, and (2) a reissue of the original patent. For examples, see Reissue Filing Guide for Applications Filed on/after September 16, 2012 (posted at www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/ forms/uspto_reissue_ads_guide_Sept2014.pdf ).
In general, an application which is a continuing application of a reissue application will be considered a Bauman application when there are no indicia on filing that a continuing reissue application is being filed. Indicia that a continuing reissue application is being filed are:
1. A 37 CFR 1.175 reissue oath/declaration, which is not merely a copy of the parent's reissue oath/declaration.
2. A specification and/or claims in proper double column reissue format per 37 CFR 1.173.
3. Amendments in proper format per 37 CFR 1.173.
4. A 37 CFR 3.73 statement of assignee ownership and consent by assignee.
5. A correct transmittal letter identifying the application as a reissue filing under 35 U.S.C. 251. It is recommended that Form PTO/AIA/50 be used.
6. An identification of the application as being "a reissue continuation of application number [the parent reissue application]" or "a continuation of application number [the parent reissue application] and an application for reissue of patent number [the patent for which reissue is sought]" or equivalent language, rather than being "a continuation of reissue application number [the parent reissue application]."
The following are examples of acceptable identification in the first sentence(s) of the specification that provide the appropriate continuity language for a continuation or divisional reissue application (as opposed to a Bauman type non-reissue continuing application).
Example 1: This application is a continuation reissue of application no. 15/123,456, which is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
Example 2: This application is a continuation reissue of application no. 15/123,456, which is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567, now Re 99,999.
Example 3: This application is a reissue continuation of application no. 15/123,456, which is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
Example 4: This application is a reissue divisional of application no. 15/123,456, which is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
Example 5: This is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567, and is a continuation of application no. 15/123,456, which is also an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
Example 6: This is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567, and is a divisional of application no. 15/123,456, which is also an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
Example 7: This is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567 and claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120 as a continuation of application no. 15/123,456, which is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
Example 8: This is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567 and claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120 as a continuation of application no. 15/123,456.
Example 9: This is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567. This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120 as a continuation of application no. 15/123,456, which is an application for reissue of U.S. Patent No. 9,234,567.
It is recommended that the first line of the specification still contain language set forth in the above examples to help ensure that the Office recognizes the application as a continuation reissue application or divisional reissue application (as opposed to a Bauman type non-reissue continuing application) even though the application data sheet contains the benefit claim(s).
Questions relating to the propriety of divisional reissue applications and continuation reissue applications should be referred via the Technology Center (TC) Training Quality Assurance Specialist (TQAS) or Supervisory Patent Reexamination Specialist (SPRS).
I. DIVISIONAL REISSUE APPLICATIONS
Whenever a divisional reissue application is filed with a copy of the assignee consent and a copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application, the copy of the assignee consent and the reissue oath/declaration should both be accepted by the Office of Patent Application Processing (OPAP) and the divisional reissue application accorded a filing date so long as all other filing requirements are met. See subsections I.A and I.B below for more information on the examiner's review of the assignee consent and the oath/declaration.
37 CFR 1.176(b) permits the examiner to require restriction in a reissue application between the original claims of the patent and any newly added claims which are directed to a separate and distinct invention(s). See also MPEP § 1450. As a result of such a restriction requirement, divisional reissue applications may be filed for each of the inventions identified in the restriction requirement.
In addition, applicant may initiate a division of the claims by filing more than one reissue application in accordance with 37 CFR 1.177. The multiple reissue applications which are filed may contain different groups of claims from among the original patent claims, or some of the reissue applications may contain newly added groups (not present in the original patent). There is no requirement that the claims of the multiple reissue applications be independent and distinct from one another; if they are not independent and distinct from one another, the examiner must apply the appropriate double patenting rejections.
There is no requirement that a family of divisional reissue applications issue at the same time; however, it is required that they contain a cross reference to each other in the specification. 37 CFR 1.177(a) requires that all multiple reissue applications resulting from a single patent must include as the first sentence of their respective specifications a cross reference to the other reissue application(s). Accordingly, the first sentence of each reissue specification must provide notice stating that more than one reissue application has been filed, and it must identify each of the reissue applications and their relationship within the family of reissue applications, and to the original patent. An example of the suggested language to be inserted is as follows:
Notice: More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissue of Patent No. 9,999,999. The reissue applications are application numbers 09/999,994 (the present application), 09/999,995, and 09/999,998, all of which are divisional reissues of Patent No. 9,999,999.
The examiner should object to the specification and require an appropriate amendment if applicant fails to include such a cross reference to the other reissue applications in the first sentence of the specification of each of the reissue applications.
Where one of the divisional reissue applications of the family has issued without the required cross reference to the other reissue application(s), the examiner will refer the matter to their Supervisory Patent Examiner (SPE) or Supervisory Patent Reexamination Specialist (SPRS). The SPE or SPRS will initiate a certificate of correction under 37 CFR 1.322 to include the appropriate cross reference in the already issued first reissue patent before passing the pending reissue application to issue. Form paragraph 10.19 may be used for such purpose. After the SPE or SPRS prepares the memorandum as per form paragraph 10.19, the memorandum should be forwarded to the Certificates of Correction Branch for issuance of a certificate. The examiner should make a reference in the pending divisional reissue application to the fact that an actual request for a certificate of correction has been initiated in the first reissue patent pursuant to 37 CFR 1.177(a), e.g., by an entry in the search notes or in an examiner's amendment.
¶ 10.19 Memorandum - Certificate of Correction (Cross-Reference to Other Reissues in Family)
DATE: [1]
TO: Certificates of Correction Branch
FROM: [2], SPE, Art Unit [3]
SUBJECT: Request for Certificate of Correction
Please issue a Certificate of Correction in U. S. Letters Patent No. [4] as specified on the attached Certificate.
[5], SPE
Art Unit [6]
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE
Patent No. [7]
Patented: [8]
The present reissue patent issued from an application that is one of a family of divisional reissue applications resulting from Patent No. [9]. The present reissue patent has issued without the cross reference to the other reissue application(s) of the family which is required pursuant to 37 CFR 1.177(a). Accordingly, insert in the first sentence of the specification as follows:
Notice: More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissue of patent [9]. The reissue applications are [10].
[11], Supervisory Patent Examiner
Art Unit [12]
1 In bracket 9, insert the patent number of the patent for which multiple reissue divisional applications have been filed.
2 This is an internal memo and must not be mailed to the applicant. This memo should accompany the patented file to the Certificates of Correction Branch as noted in form paragraphs 10.13 and 10.14.
3. In brackets 5 and 11, insert the name of SPE and provide the signature of the SPE above each line.
4. In brackets 6 and 12, insert the Art Unit number.
5. Two separate pages of USPTO letterhead will be printed when using this form paragraph.
6. In bracket 10, identify each of the reissue applications (including the present application) and their relationship within the family of reissue applications, and to the original patent.
In addition to the amendment to the first sentence of the specification, the reissue application cross references will also be reflected in the file. For an IFW reissue application file, a copy of the bibliographic data sheet from the IFW file history should be annotated by the examiner such that adequate notice is provided that more than one reissue application has been filed for a single original patent. The annotated sheet should be scanned into IFW.
Pursuant to 37 CFR 1.177(b) all of the claims of the patent to be reissued must be presented in each reissue application in some form, i.e., as amended, as unamended or as canceled. Further, any added claims must be numbered beginning with the next highest number following the last patent claim. It is noted that the same claim of the patent cannot be presented for examination in more than one of the divisional reissue applications, as a pending claim, in either its original or amended versions. If a patent claim is presented in one of the divisional reissue applications of a reissue application "family," as a pending claim, then that patent claim must be presented as a canceled claim in all the other reissue applications of that family. Once a claim in the patent has been reissued, it does not exist in the original patent; thus, it cannot be reissued from the original patent in another reissue application. If the same claim of the patent, e.g., patent claim 1 is presented for examination in more than one of the reissue applications, in different amended versions, the following rejections should be made in the reissue applications with that patent claim:
A rejection under 35 U.S.C. 251, in that the reissue application is not correcting an error in the original patent, because original claim 1 would be superseded by the reissuance of claim 1 in the other reissue application.
A rejection under 35 U.S.C. 112, in that claim 1 is indefinite because the invention of claim 1 is not particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed. Claim 1 presents one coverage in divisional reissue application X and another in the present reissue application. This is inconsistent.
The reissue applicant should then be advised to follow a procedure similar to the following example:
If there are patent claims 1 – 10 in two divisional reissue applications and an applicant wishes to revise claim 1, which is directed to AB (for example) to ABC in one divisional reissue application, and to ABD in a second divisional reissue application, applicant should do the following: Claim 1 in the first divisional reissue application can be revised to recite ABC. Claim 1 in the second divisional reissue application would be canceled, and new claim 11 would be added to recite ABD. The physical cancellation of claim 1 in the second divisional reissue application will not prejudice applicant's rights in the amended version of claim 1 because those rights are retained via the first reissue application. Claim 1 continues to exist in the first reissue application, and both the first and second reissue applications taken together make up the totality of the correction of the original patent.
If the same or similar claims are presented in more than one of the multiple reissue applications, the possibility of statutory double patenting (35 U.S.C. 101 ) or nonstatutory (judicially created doctrine) double patenting should be considered by the examiner during examination, and the appropriate rejections made. A terminal disclaimer may be filed to overcome a nonstatutory double patenting rejection. The terminal disclaimer is necessary in order to ensure common ownership in accordance with 37 CFR 1.321(c)(3) or common enforcement in accordance with 37 CFR 1.321(d)(3) of the reissue patents during enforcement actions in the remainder of the unexpired term of the original patent.
A. Consent of the Assignee
A copy of the assignee consent is only acceptable if the divisional reissue application is correcting an error for which consent was previously made. For example, in a divisional reissue application filed in response to a restriction requirement made in the parent reissue application, the assignee need not file a consent to the divided-out invention now being provided in the divisional reissue application if the assignee consent provided covers the error being corrected in the child divisional reissue application.
Whenever a divisional reissue application is filed with a copy of the assignee consent from the parent reissue application, but with a newly executed reissue oath/declaration, the copy of the assignee consent from the parent reissue application should not be accepted. Submission of a new oath or declaration is indicative of correction of a different error. The copy of the assignee consent from the parent reissue application does not indicate that the assignee has consented to the addition of the new invention of the divisional reissue application to the original patent. In such circumstances, the Office of Patent Application Processing (OPAP) will accord the divisional reissue application a filing date, and the examiner should reject the claims under 35 U.S.C. 251 and require the submission of a new assignee consent. See MPEP § 1410.02.
B. Reissue Oath/Declaration
Whenever a divisional reissue application is filed with a copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application, the copy of the reissue oath/declaration in the divisional reissue application should be accepted by OPAP, because it is an oath/declaration, even though it may be improper under 35 U.S.C. 251 or 37 CFR 1.175.
1. Copy of Reissue Oath/Declaration from Parent Reissue Application
(a) Continuing Reissue Applications Filed On or After September 16, 2012
37 C.F.R. 1.175 Inventor's oath or declaration for a reissue application.
(f)(1) The requirement for the inventor's oath or declaration for a continuing reissue application that claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c) in compliance with § 1.78 of an earlier-filed reissue application may be satisfied by a copy of the inventor's oath or declaration from the earlier-filed reissue application, provided that:
(i) The inventor, or each individual who is a joint inventor of a claimed invention, in the reissue application executed an inventor's oath or declaration for the earlier-filed reissue application, except as provided for in § 1.64;
(ii) The continuing reissue application does not seek to enlarge the scope of the claims of the original patent; or
(iii) The application for the original patent was filed under § 1.46 by the assignee of the entire interest.
(2) If all errors identified in the inventor's oath or declaration from the earlier-filed reissue application are no longer being relied upon as the basis for reissue, the applicant must identify an error being relied upon as the basis for reissue.
In the remarks accompanying a continuing reissue application, the applicant should explain why the filing of the copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application is sufficient.
If the copy of the oath or declaration from the parent reissue application does not comply with 37 CFR 1.175(f)(1), the examiner should reject the claims of the continuing (i.e., divisional or continuation) reissue application under 35 U.S.C. 251 as being based on a defective oath/declaration, and require a new oath/declaration. See MPEP § 1414, subsection II, item (D). In addition, the examiner should check to see if the error statement in the copy of the oath/declaration covers an error being corrected in the continuing reissue application.
(b) Continuing Reissue Applications Before September 16, 2012
Pre-AIA 37 C.F.R. 1.175 Reissue oath or declaration.
(e) The filing of any continuing reissue application which does not replace its parent reissue application must include an oath or declaration which, pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section, identifies at least one error in the original patent which has not been corrected by the parent reissue application or an earlier reissue application. All other requirements relating to oaths or declarations must also be met.
Pursuant to pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.175(e), the requirement for the inventor's oath or declaration for a continuing reissue application may be satisfied by a copy of the inventor's oath or declaration from the earlier-filed reissue application only when the continuing reissue application replaces its parent reissue application.
If the copy of the oath or declaration from the parent reissue application does not comply with pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.175(e), the examiner should reject the claims of the continuing reissue application under 35 U.S.C. 251 as being based on a defective oath/declaration and require a new oath/declaration. See MPEP § 1414, subsection II, item (D). In addition, the examiner should check to see if the error statement in the copy of the oath/declaration covers an error being corrected in the continuing reissue application.
2. Error Statement
The examiner should check the copy of the oath/declaration to ensure that it identifies an error being corrected by the continuing (i.e., divisional or continuation) reissue application. For divisional reissue applications, the copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application may or may not cover the error being corrected by the divisional reissue application because the divisional reissue application is (by definition) directed to a new invention. If the copy of the oath/declaration does not cover an error being corrected by the continuing reissue application, the examiner should reject the claims of the continuing reissue application under 35 U.S.C. 251 as being based on an oath/declaration that does not identify an error being corrected by the continuing reissue application, and require a new oath/declaration and a new assignee consent if it does not cover the error being corrected in the continuing reissue application. See MPEP §§ 1414 and 1410.02.
For applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, a new oath/declaration is required for identification of the error if the copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application does not cover an error being corrected in the continuing reissue application. Identification of the error in the remarks accompanying the reissue application or a reply is not sufficient, because 37 CFR 1.175(f)(2) states that "[i]f all errors identified in the inventor's oath or declaration from the earlier-filed reissue application are no longer being relied upon as the basis for reissue, the applicant must identify an error being relied upon as the basis for reissue," and in this instance the initial oath/declaration (the copy filed) never stated a proper "error." In other words, 37 CFR 1.175(f)(2) allows for the identification of the reissuable error in the remarks only when a proper reissuable error was previously entered into the application. If the copy of the reissue oath/declaration from the parent reissue application does in fact cover an error being corrected in the continuing reissue application, no such rejection should be made.
For applications filed before September 16, 2012, even when the copy of the reissue oath/declaration from the parent covers an error being corrected in the continuing reissue application, a supplemental reissue oath/declaration pursuant to pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.175 (b)(1) will be required. See MPEP § 1414.03. Pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.175(e) requires that the oath/declaration of a continuing reissue application must identify at least one error in the original patent which has not been corrected by the parent reissue application or an earlier reissue application. Thus, where a continuing reissue application, filed prior to September 16, 2012, corrects the same error in a different way than its parent reissue application does, different oaths/declarations must be presented in the two reissue applications. In addition, for applications filed before September 16, 2012, if a preliminary amendment was filed with the continuing reissue application, the examiner should check for the need of a supplemental reissue oath/declaration. Pursuant to pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.175(b)(1), for any error corrected via the preliminary amendment which is not covered by the oath or declaration submitted in the parent reissue application, applicant must submit a supplemental oath/declaration stating that every such error arose without any deceptive intention on the part of the applicant. See MPEP §§ 1414 and 1414.03.
Example: Patent Broad claim – ABC
Parent Reissue - Claim to ABC canceled and replaced by ABCD to define over the art.
Divisional Reissue - Claim to ABC canceled and replaced by ABCE to define over the art.
The parent reissue oath/declaration error statement would be that ABC is too broad, and it was an error not to include D for patentability. The divisional reissue oath/declaration error statement would be that ABC is too broad and it was an error not to include E for patentability.
Situations yielding divisional reissues occur infrequently and usually involve only two such files. It should be noted, however, that in rare instances in the past, there have been more than two (and as many as five) divisional reissues of a patent. For treatment of a plurality of divisional reissue applications resulting from a requirement to restrict to distinct inventions or a requirement to elect species, see MPEP § 1450.
II. CONTINUATION REISSUE APPLICATIONS
Whenever a continuation reissue application is filed with a copy of the assignee consent and a copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application, the copy of the assignee consent and the reissue oath/declaration should both be accepted by OPAP and the application accorded a filing date so long as all other filing requirements are met. See subsections II.A and II.B below for more information on the examiner's review of the assignee consent and the oath/declaration.
A continuation reissue application of a parent reissue application is not ordinarily filed "for distinct and separate parts of the thing patented" as called for in the second paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 251. The decision of In re Graff, 111 F.3d 874, 42 USPQ2d 1471 (Fed. Cir. 1997) interprets 35 U.S.C. 251 to permit multiple reissue patents to issue even where the multiple reissue patents are not for "distinct and separate parts of the thing patented." The court stated:
Section 251[2] is plainly intended as enabling, not as limiting. Section 251[2] has the effect of assuring that a different burden is not placed on divisional or continuation reissue applications, compared with divisions and continuations of original applications, by codifying the Supreme Court decision [The Corn-Planter Patent, 90 U.S. 181, 227-28 (1874)] which recognized that more than one patent can result from a reissue proceeding. Thus § 251[2] places no greater burden on Mr. Graff's continuation reissue application than upon a continuation of an original application; § 251[2] neither overrides, enlarges, nor limits the statement in § 251[3] that the provisions of Title 35 apply to reissues.
In re Graff, 111 F.3d at 877, 42 USPQ2d at 1473. Accordingly, prosecution of a continuation reissue application of a parent reissue application will be permitted (despite the existence of the pending parent reissue application) where the continuation reissue application complies with the rules for reissue.
The parent and the continuation reissue applications should be examined together if possible. In order that the parent-continuation relationship of the reissue applications be specifically identified and notice be provided of reissue applications for both the parent and the continuation reissue application, the following is done:
(A) An appropriate amendment to the continuing data entries must be made to the first sentence of the specification (see the discussion above in subsection I under the heading "Divisional Reissue Applications").
(B) For an IFW reissue application file, a copy of the bibliographic data sheet from the IFW file history should be annotated by the examiner such that adequate notice is provided that more than one reissue application has been filed for a single original patent. The annotated sheet should be added to the application file in IFW.
As is true for the case of multiple divisional reissue applications, all of the claims of the patent to be reissued must be presented in both the parent reissue application and the continuation reissue application in some form, i.e., as amended, as unamended, or as canceled. The same claim of the patent cannot, however, be presented for examination in both the parent reissue application and the continuation reissue application, as a pending claim, in either its original or amended versions. See the discussion in subsection I above for treatment of this situation. Further, any added claims must be numbered beginning with the next highest number following the original patent claims.
Where the parent reissue application issues before the examination of the continuation reissue application, the claims of the continuation reissue application should be carefully reviewed for double patenting over the claims of the parent reissue application. Where the parent and the continuation reissue applications are examined together, a provisional double patenting rejection should be made in both cases as to any overlapping claims. See MPEP § 804 - § 804.04 as to double patenting rejections. Any terminal disclaimer filed to obviate a nonstatutory double patenting rejection ensures common ownership in accordance with 37 CFR 1.321(c)(3) or common enforcement in accordance with 37 CFR 1.321(d)(3) of the reissue patents during enforcement actions in the remainder of the unexpired term of the original patent.
If the parent reissue application issues without any cross reference to the continuation reissue application, amendment of the parent reissue patent to include a cross-reference to the continuation reissue application must be effected at the time of allowance of the continuation reissue application by certificate of correction. See the discussion above in subsection I under the heading "Divisional Reissue Applications" as to how the certificate of correction is to be provided.
Again, the examiner should make reference in the pending continuation reissue application to the fact that an actual request for a certificate of correction has been generated in the first reissue patent pursuant to 37 CFR 1.177(a), e.g., by an entry in the search notes or in an examiner's amendment.
Generally, where a continuation reissue application is filed with a copy of the assignee consent from the parent reissue application but with a newly executed reissue oath/declaration, the copy of the assignee consent from the parent reissue application is not acceptable. A copy of the assignee consent is only acceptable if the continuation reissue application corrects an error for which consent was made. Submission of a new oath or declaration is indicative of correction of a different error. Under such circumstances, OPAP will accord the continuation reissue application a filing date, and the examiner should reject the claims under 35 U.S.C. 251 and require a new consent. See MPEP § 1410.02.
Whenever a continuation reissue application is filed with a copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application, the copy of the reissue oath/declaration in the continuation reissue application should be accepted by OPAP because it is an oath/declaration, even though it may be improper under 35 U.S.C. 251 or 37 CFR 1.175. For continuation reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, in the remarks accompanying the continuation reissue application, the applicant should explain why the filing of the copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application is sufficient. The examiner should check the copy of the oath/declaration and any remarks pertaining to the error to ensure that an error is correctly identified by the continuation reissue. See MPEP § 1414 for additional information.
See subsection I.B.1 above for information on when a copy of the reissue oath/declaration is acceptable in both AIA and pre-AIA continuation reissue applications.
See subsection I.B.2 above for information on when an error statement is acceptable in both AIA and pre-AIA continuation reissue applications.
The following are examples where the oath/declaration from the parent application covers the error being corrected by the continuation reissue application:
Patent Broad claim – ABC; Dependent claim – ABCE; and Dependent claim – ABCF
Parent Reissue Broad claim – ABCD originally presented in the reissue, and then canceled during prosecution. During prosecution, dependent claims rewritten as independent claims – ABCDEQ and ABCDFQ
Continuation Reissue Broad claim – ABCD
The parent reissue application's supplemental declaration or remarks (if the parent reissue application was filed on or after September 16, 2012) describes the addition of Q and D to the dependent claims, which have been rewritten as independent claims. A copy of the original reissue declaration from the parent reissue application, which describes the addition of D to the original independent patent claim, was filed in the continuation reissue application. In the remarks accompanying the continuation reissue application, the applicant explains why the filing of the copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application is sufficient. Thus, the copy of the oath/declaration describes an error being corrected in the continuation reissue application (and the declarations of the parent reissue application and the continuation reissue application correct different errors, which is a requirement if the continuation reissue application was filed prior to September 16, 2012). Further, the copy of the original consent from the parent reissue application filed in the continuation reissue application covers the error described in the copy of the declaration filed in the continuation reissue application.
A nonstatutory double patenting rejection should be considered by the examiner, with the requirement of a terminal disclaimer in each pending application. In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 1435, 46 USPQ2d 1226, 1232 (Fed. Cir. 1998) ("The two-way exception can only apply when the applicant could not avoid separate filings, and even then, only if the PTO controlled the rates of prosecution to cause the later filed species claims to issue before the claims for a genus in an earlier application…In Berg's case, the two applications could have been filed as one, so it is irrelevant to our disposition who actually controlled the respective rates of prosecution.").
Parent Reissue Broad claim – ABCD originally presented in the reissue, and then canceled during prosecution. During prosecution, dependent claims rewritten as independent claims – ABCDE and ABCDF
The parent reissue application's supplemental declaration or remarks (if the parent reissue application was filed on or after September 16, 2012) describes the addition of D to the ABCE and ABCF combinations, correcting an error in the original dependent claims. The copy of the original reissue declaration from the parent reissue application filed in the continuation reissue application describes the addition of D to the broad claim, correcting an error in the original independent claim. A copy of the original reissue declaration is filed in the continuation reissue application and the applicant explains, in the remarks section, why the filing of the copy of the oath/declaration from the parent reissue application is sufficient. The filing of the continuation reissue application is permitted because the applicant is free to split the correction of an error as to different claims into different reissue applications, where one is a continuing application of another. See In re Graff, 111 F.3d at 877, 42 USPQ2d at 1473, where the Federal Circuit stated that 35 U.S.C. 251 places "no greater burden on Mr. Graff's continuation reissue application than upon a continuation of an original application…"
Again, a nonstatutory double patenting rejection should be considered by the examiner, with the requirement of a terminal disclaimer in each pending application. See In re Berg, 140 F.3d at 1437, 46 USPQ2d at 1233.


text:
#include "Precompiled.h"
#include "text_input_node/CCTextFieldTTF.h"
#include "support/CCDirector.h"
#include "support/ccUtils.h"

NS_CC_BEGIN

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// constructor and destructor
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CCTextFieldTTF::CCTextFieldTTF ( KDvoid )
{
    m_pDelegate		= 0;
    m_nCharCount	= 0;
    m_sInputText	= "";
    m_sPlaceHolder	= "";   // prevent CCLabelTTF initWithString assertion
    m_sReplaceChar	= "";
    m_tColorSpaceHolder.r = m_tColorSpaceHolder.g = m_tColorSpaceHolder.b = 127;
	m_bSecureTextEntry = KD_FALSE;
}

CCTextFieldTTF::~CCTextFieldTTF ( KDvoid )
{
	m_sInputText.clear ( );
	m_sPlaceHolder.clear ( );
	m_sReplaceChar.clear ( );
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// static constructor
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CCTextFieldTTF * CCTextFieldTTF::create ( const KDchar* szPlaceHolder, const CCSize& tDimension, CCTextAlignment eAlignment, const KDchar* szFontPath, KDfloat fFontSize )
{
    CCTextFieldTTF*  pRet = new CCTextFieldTTF ( );

    if ( pRet && pRet->initWithPlaceHolder ( szPlaceHolder, tDimension, eAlignment, szFontPath, fFontSize ) )
    {
        pRet->autorelease ( );
    }
	else
	{
		CC_SAFE_DELETE ( pRet );
	}

    return pRet;
}

CCTextFieldTTF* CCTextFieldTTF::create ( const KDchar* szPlaceHolder, const KDchar* szFontPath, KDfloat fFontSize )
{
    CCTextFieldTTF* pRet = new CCTextFieldTTF ( );

    if ( pRet && pRet->initWithPlaceHolder ( szPlaceHolder, szFontPath, fFontSize ) )
    {
        pRet->autorelease ( );
    }
	else
	{
		CC_SAFE_DELETE ( pRet );
	}

    return pRet;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// initialize
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::initWithPlaceHolder ( const KDchar* szPlaceHolder, const CCSize& tDimension, CCTextAlignment eAlignment, const KDchar* szFontPath, KDfloat fFontSize )
{
	KDbool  bRet = CCLabelTTF::initWithString ( "", szFontPath, fFontSize, tDimension, eAlignment );

    this->setPlaceHolder ( szPlaceHolder );

    return bRet;
}

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::initWithPlaceHolder ( const KDchar* szPlaceHolder, const KDchar* szFontPath, KDfloat fFontSize )
{
	KDbool  bRet = CCLabelTTF::initWithString ( "", szFontPath, fFontSize );

    this->setPlaceHolder ( szPlaceHolder );

    return bRet;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CCIMEDelegate
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::attachWithIME ( KDvoid )
{
    KDbool  bRet = CCIMEDelegate::attachWithIME ( );

    if ( bRet )
    {
		// open keyboard
		xmSetIMEKeyboardState ( KD_TRUE );
    }

    return bRet;
}

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::detachWithIME ( KDvoid )
{
    KDbool  bRet = CCIMEDelegate::detachWithIME ( );

    if ( bRet )
    {
		// close keyboard
        xmSetIMEKeyboardState ( KD_FALSE );
    }

    return bRet;
}

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::canAttachWithIME ( KDvoid )
{
    return ( m_pDelegate ) ? ( !m_pDelegate->onTextFieldAttachWithIME ( this ) ) : KD_TRUE;
}

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::canDetachWithIME ( KDvoid )
{
    return ( m_pDelegate ) ? ( !m_pDelegate->onTextFieldDetachWithIME ( this ) ) : KD_TRUE;
}

KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::insertText ( const KDchar* szText, KDsize uLen )
{
    std::string  sInsert ( szText, uLen );

    // insert \n means input end
    KDuint  uPos = sInsert.find ( '\n' );
    if ( sInsert.npos != uPos )
    {
        uLen = uPos;
        sInsert.erase ( uPos );
    }

    if ( uLen > 0 )
    {
        if ( m_pDelegate && m_pDelegate->onTextFieldInsertText ( this, sInsert.c_str ( ), uLen ) )
        {
            // delegate doesn't want to insert text
            return;
        }

        m_nCharCount += ccLengthUTF8 ( sInsert.c_str ( ) );
        std::string sText ( m_sInputText );
        sText.append ( sInsert );
        setString ( sText.c_str ( ) );
    }

    if ( sInsert.npos == uPos )
	{
        return;
    }

    // '\n' inserted, let delegate process first
    if ( m_pDelegate && m_pDelegate->onTextFieldInsertText ( this, "\n", 1 ) )
    {
        return;
    }

    // if delegate hasn't processed, detach from IME by default
    detachWithIME ( );
}

KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::deleteBackward ( KDvoid )
{
    KDuint  uLen = m_sInputText.length ( );

    if ( !uLen )
    {
        return;
    }

    // get the delete byte number
    KDuint uDeleteLen = 1;    // default, erase 1 byte

    while ( 0x80 == ( 0xC0 & m_sInputText.at ( uLen - uDeleteLen ) ) )
    {
        ++uDeleteLen;
    }

    if ( m_pDelegate && m_pDelegate->onTextFieldDeleteBackward ( this, m_sInputText.c_str ( ) + uLen - uDeleteLen, uDeleteLen ) )
    {
		// delegate doesn't wan't to delete backwards
        return;
    }

    // if all text deleted, show placeholder string
    if ( uLen <= uDeleteLen )
    {
		m_sInputText.clear ( );
        m_nCharCount = 0;
        CCLabelTTF::setString ( m_sPlaceHolder.c_str ( ) );
        return;
    }

    // set new input text
    std::string  sText ( m_sInputText.c_str ( ), uLen - uDeleteLen );
    setString ( sText.c_str ( ) );
}

const KDchar* CCTextFieldTTF::getContentText ( KDvoid )
{
    return m_sInputText.c_str ( );
}

KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::draw ( KDvoid )
{
    if ( m_pDelegate && m_pDelegate->onDraw ( this ) )
    {
        return;
    }

    if ( m_sInputText.length ( ) )
    {
        CCLabelTTF::draw ( );
    }
	else
	{
		// draw placeholder

		ccColor3B  tColor = getColor ( );
		setColor ( m_tColorSpaceHolder );

		CCLabelTTF::draw ( );

		setColor ( tColor );
	}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// properties
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

const ccColor3B& CCTextFieldTTF::getColorSpaceHolder ( KDvoid )
{
    return m_tColorSpaceHolder;
}

KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::setColorSpaceHolder ( const ccColor3B& tColor )
{
    m_tColorSpaceHolder = tColor;
}

// input text property
KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::setString ( const KDchar* szText )
{
	static KDchar	szBulletString[] = "%xe2%x80%xa2%x00";
    std::string		sDisplayText;
    KDint			nLength;

	m_sInputText = szText ? szText : "";
	sDisplayText = m_sInputText;

	if ( m_bSecureTextEntry )
    {
        sDisplayText = "";
        nLength = m_sInputText.length ( );
        while ( nLength )
        {
            sDisplayText.append ( szBulletString );
            --nLength;
        }
    }

	m_nCharCount = ccLengthUTF8 ( sDisplayText.c_str ( ) );

    // if there is no input text, display placeholder instead
    if ( !m_sInputText.length ( ) )
    {
        CCLabelTTF::setString ( m_sPlaceHolder.c_str ( ) );
    }
    else
    {
		if ( m_sReplaceChar.length ( ) )
		{
			std::string  sReplace = "";

			for ( KDuint i = 0; i < m_nCharCount; i++ )
			{
				sReplace.append ( m_sReplaceChar );
			}

			CCLabelTTF::setString ( sReplace.c_str ( ) );
		}
		else
		{
			CCLabelTTF::setString ( sDisplayText.c_str ( ) );
		}
    }
}

const KDchar* CCTextFieldTTF::getString ( KDvoid )
{
    return m_sInputText.c_str ( );
}

// place holder text property
KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::setPlaceHolder ( const KDchar* szText )
{
    m_sPlaceHolder = szText ? szText : "";

    if ( !m_sInputText.length ( ) )
    {
        CCLabelTTF::setString ( m_sPlaceHolder.c_str ( ) );
    }
}

const KDchar* CCTextFieldTTF::getPlaceHolder ( KDvoid )
{
    return m_sPlaceHolder.c_str ( );
}

KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::setReplaceCharacter ( const KDchar* szChar )
{
	m_sReplaceChar = szChar ? szChar : "";

	if ( m_sReplaceChar.length ( ) && m_nCharCount > 0 )
	{
		std::string  sReplace = "";

		for ( KDuint i = 0; i < m_nCharCount; i++ )
		{
			sReplace.append ( m_sReplaceChar );
		}

		CCLabelTTF::setString ( sReplace.c_str ( ) );
	}
}

// secureTextEntry
KDvoid CCTextFieldTTF::setSecureTextEntry ( KDbool bValue )
{
    if ( m_bSecureTextEntry != bValue )
    {
        m_bSecureTextEntry = bValue;
        setString ( getString ( ) );
    }
}

KDbool CCTextFieldTTF::isSecureTextEntry ( KDvoid )
{
    return m_bSecureTextEntry;
}

NS_CC_END

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Corrine Bailey Rae, Put Your Records On: We need your help!
Corrine Bailey Rae
Put Your Records On
Corrine Bailey Rae » Corinne Bailey Rae
SoulFemale vocalistsPopJazzChillout
"Put Your Records On" is the second single from English soul singer Corinne Bailey Rae's debut album Corinne Bailey Rae, released in February and early March 2006 throughout Europe. In North America, it was the first single. This track received two nominations at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year, losing both to Dixie Chicks's "Not Ready to Make Nice".
The song was co-written by Rae, John Beck, and Steve Chrisanthou, and produced by Chrisanthou. Read Full Bio"Put Your Records On" is the second single from English soul singer Corinne Bailey Rae's debut album Corinne Bailey Rae, released in February and early March 2006 throughout Europe. In North America, it was the first single. This track received two nominations at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year, losing both to Dixie Chicks's "Not Ready to Make Nice".
The song was co-written by Rae, John Beck, and Steve Chrisanthou, and produced by Chrisanthou. It crashed into the UK charts at number two and was only kept off the top spot by Madonna's "Sorry." The carefree, chilled out style of both the song and the video – set in South Africa – caught people's imagination and created hype around Corinne that a British urban music artist hasn't enjoyed since Craig David and Ms. Dynamite's emergence in 2000 and 2002 respectively. The song's opening line, "Three little birds sat on my window/ And they tell me I don't need to worry," is a reference to Bob Marley's hit song, Three Little Birds.
amazing singer
"Put Your Records On" enjoyed a wealth of critical and commercial acclaim which helped rocket the album to number one in its first week of release. The track has topped a wealth of charts including the UK Top 40 Downloads and the UK Top 40 R&B Singles; it was also a smash hit on radio reaching at least number two on the UK Top 50 Airplay. However, the single did not chart as well in the US, peaking at #64. As of March 1, 2006, Corinne Bailey Rae became only the second female solo act to top the UK Top 40 Downloads in history.
The acoustic version of this song was a featured "Free Single of the Week" at the Canadian and the U.S. iTunes Music Store.
The song earned a 2007 Grammy Award nomination for "Song of the Year".
The single ended 2006 as the 40th best selling single of the year, with 2,267,000 points.
This song has been covered three times in reality television programmes in 2007. On "American Idol 6", semi-finalist "Antonella Barba" performed this song during the Top 16 week. Also, in the UK's "The X Factor 4", finalist Alisha performed this song during the Top 8. Carly Rae Jepsen also sang it on Canadian Idol. week.
The song appears on the game Karaoke Revolution Presents: American Idol Encore.
01Like a Star4:01
02Enchantment3:55
03Put Your Records On3:35
04Till It Happens to You4:36
05Trouble Sleeping3:27
06Call Me When You Get This5:02
07Choux Pastry Heart3:56
08Breathless4:13
09I'd Like To4:05
10Butterfly3:52
11Seasons Change4:55
by Corrine Bailey Rae
Three little birds, sat on my window
And they told me I don't need to worry
Summer came like cinnamon
So sweet,
Little girls double-dutch on the concrete
Maybe sometimes, we got it wrong, but it's alright
The more things seems to change, the more they stay the same.
Oh, don't you hesitate
Girl, put your records on, tell me your favourite song
You go ahead, let your hair down
Sapphire and faded jeans, I hope you get your dreams,
Just go ahead, let your hair down
You're gonna find yourself somewhere, somehow
Blue as the sky, sunburnt and lonely,
Sipping tea in the bar by the road side,
(just relax, just relax)
Don't you let those other boys fool you,
Gotta love that afro hairdo
Maybe sometimes, we feel afraid, but it's alright
The more you stay the same, the more they seem to change
Don't you think it's strange?
Just more than I could take, pity for pity's sake
Some nights kept me awake, I thought that I was stronger
When you gonna realise, that you don't even have to try any longer
Do what you want to
Oh, You're gonna find yourself somewhere, somehow
Contributed by Alexandra A. Suggest a correction in the comments below.
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It was some years ago that Fred Baldwin started the online conversation that the 48th Entry Boys should have a reunion for the 50th anniversary of their joining up. It was on 23rd January 1963 at RAF Cosford when the Boys all met for the first time. Apparently it was the coldest night of the worst winter on record. Away from home and not yet joined up, they were (as the story goes) each given eight extra blankets to keep themselves warm. On the next day they attested their allegiance to the Queen and this privilege was removed, as were all other home comforts.
With Friends Reunited messages, Facebook posts and emails flying in the ether around the world and with telephone calls made, this behind the scenes work of tracking down all the Boys was carried out in earnest. Dave set himself the task of trying to track down as many Boys as he could. Terry Jacobs, Des Martin and Michel Sinnott were doing likewise. Thanks go to Fred Baldwin who was able to supply some of the names and contact details from the previous attempt. Dave shared with me all his successes and failures, and I could see that for him this was a labour of love. With regret not all the Boys could be contacted, some that were couldn't come, and with great sadness it was found that not all the Boys made it to see this anniversary.
Our journey started on the snowridden footpaths of home just before 9am on Thursday 24th. Fortunately we were well wrapped up. I had been able to pack my things into an overnight case with wheels. Dave's holdall fitted comfortably on the top making transport easy. The bus to the bus station was on time and the walk from the bus station across Mill Common to the train station easy if the patches of ice were seen and avoided.
A hiccup was the fares. After discussion at the ticket office we bought two next day returns to Peterborough and there bought two period returns from Peterborough to Wellington, saving ourselves £30 each on the fares had we bought through tickets from Huntingdon. No idea why the difference, and we wondered how many people have and will unknowingly pay extra for some fares.
Catching the 09.47 train from Huntingdon, meant that at Peterborough we had time for a leisurely hot chocolate and use of the facilities before boarding the 10.52 train to Birmingham.
The journey to Birmingham took about two hours so there was time for puzzles and time for knitting.
I was feeling extremely grotty with a cold and cough which had been hanging about for well over a week, not much like smiling or enjoying myself at all. And even after a short journey the sight of snow became monotonous.
On arrival at Birmingham we had to change trains again, to the 13.05 to Wellington. Thankfully at Wellington the stairs from the train station to the bus station had been gritted. We were lucky in that the first bus driver we spoke to was driving the bus we needed and very kindly told us when we had reached the right stop. We couldn't have missed it really, being right outside the giant hotel building.
The Receptionist was helpful and told us that our room was "just through those double doors". What she forgot to add was: "at the end of the corridor".
We are not very experienced with upmarket hotels. Comfortable and adequate ones, yes, but not what we encountered here. There were two double beds, one of which was six feet wide. We opted for the narrower one – next to the radiator and easier for us to keep each other warm. At first we couldn't find the tea and coffee making facilities, not expecting to find them in a deep drawer disguised as two narrower ones.
We then went up to Sir Stephen's Brasserie for lunch. There we met some of the Boys acting as a reception committee. Identification badges and metal pin badges, both courtesy of Ron Seddon, were handed out. As one of the few women there I was made very welcome.
After chatting time we opted for the cheese and pickle sandwiches. What we didn't expect was a feast! The filling was thicker than the bread and there was a huge salad. Afterwards, out of curiosity I went to look out of the window and was staggered to find a grandstand view of the Telford United Football Club ground.
I left Dave reminiscing and went back to our room for a rest before the dinner. My left ear was partially blocked and was slightly discharging so had cotton wool in it. My right ear was also partially blocked. Hence my hearing was not at its best. Talking became difficult after a short while and because of my cold I couldn't speak very loudly so wasn't heard when trying to join a conversation. I also had a chesty cough. Not good in a social situation.
Dave thought the reunion an important occasion and brought a shirt and tie with him. He remembered to wear his wedding ring and announced regret that he had forgotten cuff links. Yes, a very special occasion indeed.
We made our way to the Wellington Suite to join the Boys for dinner. Beautifully set circular tables with candles, and red, white and blue table napkins. Menus had been designed by Ron Seddon and each person given one as a memento.
The main area of activity was the bar.
Before the dinner was the group photograph.
An opening speech was made by Richard Osler, followed by a toast to absent friends.
I was sitting next to a slim and elegant woman who works as a community matron. It was fascinating to hear about her job. I felt rather shabby with my wobbly bits, red nose and other disadvantages (including having to rush from the dining suite with a coughing fit). I didn't regret wearing my hand knit glitter sweater. Not only for flying the hand knitting flag, but also for keeping me warm. A pity I had forgotten to bring the jewellery to wear with it.
I found it very moving that all these men who hadn't seen each other for almost 50 years were chatting and socialising as if the hiatus had not been there. After a suitable interval following dinner I left Dave with his pals while I went back to bed but not before looking out of the window of the Wellington Suite and seeing another fabulous grandstand view of the football ground. The carpet in the Wellington Suite and surrounding areas was dedicated to the team, with the team's emblem woven in.
On Friday morning the snow on the ground was almost as bad as the day before. Breakfast was self serve and was superb. Hot was hot and cold was cold, and plenty of it. We caught the bus to the station and then the 10.00 train to Cosford for the muster at 10.30am. There's about a half mile walk from the station to the RAF Museum at Cosford.
Dave thankfully pulled the overnight case and holdall while I crawled along behind trying not to slip. The road was clear of snow but there were patches of black ice. I was afraid of being hit by a car as there were no pavements (or if there were then we didn't see them).
The hot chocolate on arrival was nectar for the soul. We wandered about the museum at our own pace. I spent my time in the Cold War exhibition while Dave had a look at everything. I couldn't face going in and out of the cold to see all the hangers and outside exhibits. Dave took some excellent shots.
He took some good indoor shots as well.
And I took one of him next to an Avro York, in a stance similar to that of his father also against an Avro York aircraft which had crashed at Luqa, Malta, c1953.
We also had a good look around the shop and I bought myself a book.
We were given a lift from the museum to RAF Cosford itself where a tour of the camp had been arranged by Richard Osler.
We were given an introductory talk about the history of RAF Cosford and its role as a training establishment, and then shown round three different training sections. Much of it was over my head but it was interesting to learn about the different types of weapons and how weapon technology has changed since the Second World War.
Then a coach tour around the camp with a stop at Fulton Block for a photoshoot. This building is said to be the largest brick built building in Europe and was where the Boys were billeted during their training. It is now used as offices and training rooms. Not all the Boys stayed for all or part of the Cosford visit. Some had a long way to travel home and heavy snow had been forecast.
The wording says: FULTON BLOCK This building was erected in 1938 to provide accommodation for the thousands of Apprentices and Boy Entrants undergoing their technical training at RAF Cosford. During two periods of refurbishment, from 1989-1990 and 1993-1994, Fulton Block has been refitted for use as training accommodation.
After the tour farewells were said and we made our way to the station. There were about 35 minutes until the 16.18 train and we had hoped to have a warming drink in the café while we waited. Hopes were dashed when we found that the café closed at 15.00. The few of us whiled away the time with reminisces and social chatter. A young lady came to wait for the train and she and I struck up a conversation. She saw our luggage, and proud of the Boys I explained who they were. She volunteered that she was a civilian worker at RAF Cosford and that they were looking for stories from people who had been based there for its 75th anniversary this year http://cosfordairshow.co.uk/ and http://www.bada.uk.com/calendar/icalrepeat.detail/2013/06/09/41/-/raf-cosford-air-show-75th-anniversary-of-raf-cosford. She gave Dave a business card and he will contact the Boys with the details.
The train arrived and we started the journey home. There was enough time between arriving at Birmingham and catching the 17.22 to Peterborough to buy a sandwich and a hot drink. The 19.46 train to Huntingdon was already in so we had a seat in the relative warmth while we waited for it to depart. Steve's Taxis sent a car to pick us up at the station immediately we rang and we arrived home tired but happy.
The Boys want another reunion soon, perhaps for the Graduation Anniversary, 7th July 2014. If it will be as good as this one then we can't wait to go!


text:
HK regulator considers virtual banks' progress towards business commencement satisfactory
April 29, 2020 11:29 am UTC, Maria Nikolova
As at April 24, 2020, one virtual bank has officially started operations, providing Hong Kong clients with innovative financial services.
Christopher Hui, Hong Kong's Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury, today replied to a question concerning Hong Kong's virtual banks.
Let's recall that the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) granted banking licences to eight virtual banks in the first half of 2019. Today, Christopher Hui confirmed that, as at April 24, 2020, one virtual bank has officially commenced operation, providing the public with innovative financial services such as remote account onboarding and online lending.
Three virtual banks are piloting operation in the HKMA's Fintech Supervisory Sandbox, with services provided to a confined group of customers. The pilot trials enable the banks to collect customer feedback for refining their products and services, and help them get better prepared for the official launch of services at a later stage.
The remaining virtual banks are also pressing ahead with the necessary preparatory work, with a view to providing services to the public as soon as practicable. Noting that the outbreak of the COVID-19 has inevitably affected the virtual banks' preparation for launch of services, the HKMA considers the progress made by virtual banks towards business commencement satisfactory.
Mr Hui adds that, following the granting of the eight virtual bank licences, many institutions have approached the HKMA enquiring about applying for a licence to operate a virtual bank. The HKMA will monitor the operation of the existing virtual banks after they launch their business, and assess user response to their services, the level of market acceptance and the impact on the banking system. The assessment results will be taken into account in considering the way forward, including whether to grant additional licences to virtual bank operators.
The HKMA requires virtual banks to complete a series of preparatory work before commencing business, including developing IT systems and establishing robust risk management measures. On technology risk management, virtual banks are required to conduct comprehensive independent assessments of their technology risks, including an assessment of their cybersecurity risk under the Cyber Resilience Assessment Framework, before business commencement. In addition, virtual banks should establish procedures for regular reviews of their technology risk controls to ensure that these controls remain appropriate notwithstanding continued development in technology.
The HKMA will conduct regular reviews on the effectiveness of virtual banks' technology risk management and cybersecurity controls following their commencement of operation.