text:
Q: How can I list random authors from current post category? The following lists authors of the current category.
But I want this to be a list of 6 random authors from current post category.
foreach((get_the_category()) as $category) {
  $postcat= $category->cat_ID;
 }

$current_category_ID = $postcat;
$current_cat_id = $current_category_ID;
$author_array = array();
$args = array(
'numberposts' => -1,
'cat' => $current_cat_id,
'orderby' => 'author',
'order' => 'asc',

);
$cat_posts = get_posts($args);
foreach ($cat_posts as $cat_post) :
if (!in_array($cat_post->post_author,$author_array)) {
$author_array[] = $cat_post->post_author;
}
endforeach;
foreach ($author_array as $author) :
$auth = get_userdata($author)->display_name;
$auth_link = get_userdata($author)->user_login;
$autid= get_userdata($author)->ID;
$link = get_author_posts_url($autid);
echo ''. get_avatar( $autid, '46' ).'';
echo "";
echo '
'.$auth.'
';
echo "";
echo "

";
echo "
";
endforeach;

A: After you populate $author_array, you need to pick 6 random users out of it. Here are two straightforward choices:

*

*Shuffle the array shuffle($author_array); and pop values off of it in a for or while lopp using array_pop()

*Create a randomized copy of six elements of the array using array_rand($author_array,6); and then iterate through the new randomized array using foreach as you did above.

Personally I prefer #2, but please note that if you try to pick 6 random elements from an array of fewer than 6 elements with array_rand() you'll get a warning. You'd want to test the size of $author_array with count($author_array) first to either limit your array_rand() command to the max size of the potential list of authors, or to skip it entirely if it's 1.
Something like, after your first foreach ends:
if(count($author_array) >= 6) {
    $max = 6;
} else {
    $max = count($author_array);
}

$random_authors = array_rand($author_array,$max);
foreach ($random_authors as $author) { ...


Unbeatable loc just steps to transportation, minutes away from shopping, restaurants, and coffee shops along South Granville, Cambie, and Oak. Spend an afternoon strolling through Van Dusen Garden. One lar ge bedroom w/ insuite laundry. Open house Sun Dec. 11, 1-3pm.


text:
Q: How to grep a word that has special character '$' in it? I have 2 o/p files that I compare to find similar word available. Here is a part of script..
Bool=`grep "^$i" File1`
if [ -z "$Bool" ]
then
    echo " $i Not Available"
fi

I have a word "profile$" in both the files but I get an output "Not Available" for this.
I tried single quote but then all words that are similar in both files comes as not available.
File 1 output
Shared_Docs
tools
tachqe8_rvl
profile$

File 2 output
tools
tachqe8_rvl
profile$

Here my $i reads each line from File2 and does a grep to see if it's there in File1.
If it does not match then echo $i not available.
Ideally my echo should be:
Shared_Docs

But I get
Shared_Docs
profile$

Can someone help?

A: Does the variable $i contain the value profile$?  I'm going to assume that it does.
A dollar at the end of the word is tricky.  Without the variable, you could write:
 Bool=$(grep '^profile\$' File1)

With the variable, we need a trick to suppress the meaning of $ as a metacharacter:
Bool=$(grep "^$i.*" File1)

(Note that it is far better to use $(...) than the equivalent with back-ticks, aka back-quotes.)
Also, of course, if you want the whole line to be exactly profile, then there's no need for special tricks:
Bool=$(grep "^$i" File1)

should work fine.

Dealing with the Creature Feep in the Question
while read -r i
do
    Bool=$(grep "^$i.*" File1)
    if [ -z "$Bool" ]
    then
        echo " $i Not Available"
    fi
done < File2

The -r suppresses some expansions that you might otherwise suffer from.  If your shell doesn't like it, drop it; you'll usually be OK without it.

Another way to do it
If you are looking for missing lines and order is not important, then you could sort both File1 and File2 and then use comm to compare them, getting the entries that are in File2 but not in File1.  If you've got bash and 'process substitution' available, then:
comm -13 <(sort File1) <(sort File2)

If you don't have process substitution, then:
sort -o File1 File1
sort -o File2 File2
comm -13 File1 File2

A: The problem occurs because of the "$" at the end "profile$". The "$" is the end-of-line anchor, but it has this special meaning only if it occurs at the end of the RE. Add something harmless at the end of the RE. For example try
grep -i "^$i.*" File1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Troilus and Cressida Puzzle
Mather Walker
(Summer 2006)
Contemporary time is married to the clock, but time in antiquity time was married to the heavens. In early spring, the benevolent constellation of Bootes, the herdsman, with the red star Arcturus, blazing at his heels rose just after sunset reminding people below that it was time to release the cattle from their winter rest. In early fall, the Pleiades signaled the changing season, and next Orion, the hunter rose with the first frost. The astronomical content of Homer's description of Achilles' Shield in the Iliad, for example, was essentially seasonal. The Pleiades, the Hyades, and Orion signified through their sequential heliacal risings the period from May to November when the major agricultural activities of harvesting, and plowing would take place. Just as Homer had, Bacon incorporated a seasonal design in the plays. The sixth play from the beginning point of The Merry Wives Of Windsor is A Midsummer Nights Dream. Exactly six plays further along is The Winter's Tale. Various of the other plays are seasonal as well. Romeo and Juliet, for example, is at Lammas Eve, August 1st. Twelfth Night is January 6, and, in The Tempest, written as a preface to the First Folio, not is does the word 'tempest' come from a root meaning 'time', but the entire play is permeated with allusions to time, and the play itself is set at the equinox.
Bacon also improved on Homer in another feature of his plays. In his book, "Shining in the Ancient Sea The Astronomical Ancestry of Homer's Odyssey. Laurin R. Johnson supplied evidence that much of the ancient material Homer transmitted came from a distant antiquity in India. Certainly the plot of Cymbeline is based on an ancient story in the Vedanta. In The Tempest two equal periods of twelve years are shown as depicting the twelve year reign of darkness of Sycorax, and the twelve year reign of light of Prospero. Swami Sri Yukteswar says (The Holy Science) that around 700 B.C. a mistake crept into the almanacs of the Hindus. Before that time there existed knowledge of a 24,000 year cycle composed of two equal parts of 12,000 years, which corresponded on that vast scale to the respective 12 hours of light and darkness of the diurnal cycle. By incorporating the two cycles in The Tempest Bacon shows that he was aware of this ancient cycle, and he shows also that he incorporated it in the overall design of the First Folio. By doing this he was able to incorporate a design in his plays that modeled the day, night cycle of all nature, from the diurnal cycle, through the annual cycle to the vast 24,000 year cycle.
The 24 'books' of Homer's works also conceal another meaning. 24 is the number of letters in the Greek alphabet. Sacred alphabets of antiquity concealed an amazing secret. In India it was claimed that the universe was created with the letters of the language of the gods, Sanskrit. In the Kabala there was a similar claim, but now as regards the letters of Hebrew. Greek was another of these ancient languages that held the same concealed secret. In Greek, unlike Latin, each letter of the alphabet is a word, and the letters of that word comprise a coded narrative giving a meaning, that corresponds somewhat to Bacon's idea of the "Schematisms of Matter", regarding the secret structure underlying the visible part of the universe.
The first pictograph is followed by which is the first letter without the crossbar. This pictograph shows that the manifested universe begins with unity which then divides into two. The next pictograph depicts the universe "O" as divided into two parts, indicating that the entire universe is divided into the immaterial part (the realm in which resides the blueprint of the material universe) and the realm of materiality. The word alpha then concludes with the initial letter repeated again,- the first and last letters showing the unity divided into two parts, both connected by the crossbar, so that the first and last letters represent the termini, or beginning and end of time in the manifested universe. Each letter in the Greeks alphabet is coded into a sacred narrative in the same manner giving secret information about the schematic of the universe. There is evidence that the Shakespeare plays, in turn, are constructed so that at certain places in the works the Latin letters are mapped into Greek letters which collate this secret information with the text of the works. In correspondence with this, Bacon devised his bi-literal cipher which utilizes the then 24 letters of the English language to convey knowledge concealed within the plays.
The Comedies deal with the intelligible or celestial world in which exists a kind of blueprint for the material world. The Tragedies represent events in the material world (death only occurs in materiality, and is present only in the Tragedies), but they correspond play for play with what exists in the intelligible or celestial world, i.e., Troilus and Cressida is a reflection of The Merry Wives of Windsor; The Tragedy of Coriolanus (Coriolanus who leaves his own country to go into another country, reflects the story of the prodigal son who goes into a far country- materiality) is a reflection of the story of the fallen angels in Measure for Measure, and so on. But the First Folio reflected an even more meticulous and precise design of Homer's works.
The works of Homer had a very precise pattern in their design. In Shining in The Ancient Sea: The Astronomical Ancestry of Homer's Odyssey Laurin Johnson notes that the design of the Odyssey is astonishing in its symmetry and complexity. He provided a graphic showing the twelve adventures of the Odyssey arranged around a circle. Each of the twelve adventures on the circle, Johnson said, is mirrored in some way by the adventure opposite:
Land of the Living Cicones Land of the Dead
Lotus Eaters (Losses Memory of the past) Sirens (Gains knowledge of future)
Cyclops (Losses 6 men) Scylla (Losses 6 men)
Aeolia (Falls asleep) Thrinace (Falls asleep )
Laetrygonians (Loses all but one ship) Charybdis (Loses all but himself)
Circle (Stays with her one year) Calypso (Stays with her 7 years)
Both the 12 signs of the zodiac and the 12 months of the year were regarded in ancient times as paired off in two opposite groups of six. Heraclitus believed the twelve children of Aeolus were the twelve months of the year, the six females representing the six months when the earth brings forth its fruits, the six males the months when the seeds are sown. This pattern of two opposite groups of six is present both in the Comedies and in the Tragedies, but the two opposite groups of six have the following special pattern.
They show a descent in six plays and an ascent in the other, parallel six plays. (The famous American seer, Edgar Cayce, described the cycle of the soul, as made up of a descent into matter followed by an ascent from matter.
DESCENT ASCENT
The Merry Wives Of Windsor The Winters Tale
Measure For Measure Twelfth Night
The Comedy Of Errors Alls Well That Ends Well
Much Ado About Nothing The Taming of the Shrew
Loves Labor Lost As You Like It
Midsummer Nights Dream The Merchant of Venice
Fourteen years later in 1623, the first edition of the collected works of Mr. William SHAKESPEARES Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies was finally published. Troilus and Cressida was included in the work. However, it was now labeled "The Tragedie Of Troylus and Cressida", and incorporated some 500 minor changes from the quarto version. It was placed at the beginning of the tragedies in the book, but it was omitted from the table of contents:
Moreover, only the second and third pages were numbered (79 and 80), and the pagination began again with "1"at the beginning of "The Tragedy of Coriolanus", the second tragedy in the volume, and proceeded normally from there."
In a fragment from The Styx, a lost work of the Neoplatonist, Porphyry, preserved by Stobaeus, we are told that Homer presents the whole cyclical progress and rotation of transmigration under the allegory of the witch, Circe. "The urge for pleasure makes them long for their accustomed way of life in and through the flesh", says Porphyry, "and so they fall back into the witch's brew of genesis. Additional information is given about the descent of souls by Proclus who says that Pythagoras, in his obscure language, called the Milky Way "Hades" and "a place of souls", for souls are crowded together there. These souls, he tells us, have been contaminated for he says that among some people libations of milk are offered to the gods that cleanse souls.
Thus we see with the witches in The Merry Wives of Windsor the allegory of the fall of souls. The town in the play is actually located in the heavens. When Slender talks with Anne (the moon) her name comes from the original name of the goddess Diana (Di = goddess + Anna) who represents the moon. Mention is made of bears in the town referring to Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. Falstaff, along with the soiled clothing, is thrown into the river Thames, referring to the contaminated souls cast into the river of the Milky Way. At the end of the play Falstaff is made to join the witches in the circle dance around the great oak tree, referring to the dance of souls around the World Tree of the earth before they fall into incarnation in the earth. And, lastly, Falstaff is fitted with stag horns.
Between and slightly above Betelgeuse and Bellatrix, the two stars that mark the shoulders of Orion, is a cluster of three faint stars. In ancient times, one of these had a name meaning, "the head of a stag." In ancient India this was associated with a story about Prajapati who turned himself into a stag in an attempt to escape Rudra. The later version of the story was about Actaeon , who happened upon the goddess Diana as she was bathing and was turned into a stag by the angry goddess, and was pursued and torn to shreds by his own dogs. The meaning of the story is that Orion once marked the vernal equinox, but over thousands of years sank lower and lower on the eastern horizon at the time of the equinox. So the story became a myth of the descent of souls. And the allegory in The Merry Wives of Windsor where Falstaff is fitted with stag horns has the same symbolic content.
The account so far deals with the drama in the heavens above the earth, but Measure For Measure, which deals with the legend of the fallen angels, takes the drama further toward the actual incarnation of souls in the earth. And The Comedy of Errors deals with the individual soul in its incarnation into the earth. This goes on to the next step with Much Ado About Nothing. Our word personality, the outer aspect of the incarnated soul, comes from a Latin word meaning 'mask'. In the earth the incarnated soul is concealed behind the mask of the outer self. In Much Ado About Nothing the theme of masks and masquerades plays a large part. The soul in the earth is hidden behind the mask of the persona. At the next lower step of the descent into matter the Labor of Love is lost, and the next, and last step, is the bottom of the descent into the earth. Here is shown the cosmological hierarchy with Bottom the Weaver at the very bottom. Bottom the Weaver has a special significance. He takes part in the small play within the play of Pyramus and Thisby, the drama of the soul trapped in matter communicating with the higher self through the chink in the wall of clay, i.e., the wall of flesh. Bottom the Weaver represents the Cathars who through their ascetic practices had acquired to ability to communicate with their higher selves. The Cathars were weavers, and during the Roman Catholic Albigensian inquisition they were required to wear yellow crosses. So we find Bottom saying he will discharge his part in a beard, if they choose, of your French-crown-color beard, your perfect yellow.
On the ascending side, The Merchant of Venice incorporates the Tree of the Sephiroth of the Kabbalah, a cosmological hierarchy corresponding to the cosmological hierarchy of A Midsummer Nights Dream. As You Like It, in turn, is the correspondence to Love's Labor Lost, but since it is on the ascending side it is actually Love's Labor Won, as depicted in the lessons of love that Orlando learns from Rosalind. (Francis Meres listed a play by this title among Shakespeare's works in 1598, and it is known that such a work got into print because it was listed in a bookseller's catalogue in August 1603.) The only comedies written around this time were Much Ado about Nothing, and As You Like It. The title of Love's Labor Won was probably changed to As You Like It because the relation with Love's Labor Lost might have been too revealing.
The Taming of The Shrew corresponds to Much Ado About Nothing, but again, on the ascending side. Whereas in Much Ado About Nothing the soul is hid beyond the mask of self, in The Taming of The Shrew the mask, i.e. the mesh of associative-automation reasoning that masks the true consciousness behind it is tamed. All's Well That Ends Well corresponds to The Comedy Of Errors. But since All's Well That Ends Well is on the ascending side, instead of being under the thrall of the witchcraft of materiality, in All's Well That Ends Well the third eye is found that opens the doorway for the trapped soul to escape the spell of illusion cast on it by the witchcraft of incarnation in matter. The Twelfth Night depicts the two parts of the divine constitution of man ascending from the sea of matter just as Measure For Measure depicted the fallen angels, that is, the souls descending into the sea of matter.
The Winter's Tale (the twelfth and last comedy) is the story of Persephone, which Sallust said was a sacred myth regarding the descent of souls, but The Winter's Tale deals mainly with the return of Persephone from Hades. It is set mainly in the spring., and thus deals instead of with the fall of souls, with the ascent of souls. Here also astronomical symbolism is found again as in The Merry Wives of Windsor. Perhaps the most famous of all stages directions is "Exit, pursued by a bear", where Antigonus lays Perdita down and then is pursued and slain by a bear. This is followed by the Clown with the peculiar stress on the differentiation between the drama taking place in the sea and on the shore:
"Clown: I have seen two such sights, by sea and by land! I am not to say it is a sea, for it is now the sky betwixt the firmament and it you cannot thrust a bodkin's point.
Shepherd: Why, boy, how is it?
Clown : I would you did but see how it chafes, how it rages, how it takes up the shore-but that's not to the point. O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls! Sometimes to see 'em, and not to see 'em: now the ship boring the moon with her mainmast, and anon swallowed with yeast and froth, as you'd thrust a cork into a hogshead. And then for the land-service: to see how the bear tore out his shoulder bone, how he cried to me for help, and said his name was Antigonus, a nobleman. But to make an end of the ship: to see how the sea flap-dragoned it; but first, how the poor souls roared, and the sea mocked them; and how the poor gentleman roared, and the bear mocked him, both roaring louder than the sea or weather."
In "Hamlet's Mill" Santillana and Dechend say,
"First, what was the "earth"? In the most general sense, the "earth" was the ideal plane laid through the ecliptic. The "dry earth," in a more specific sense, was the ideal plane going through the celestial equator. The equator thus divided two halves of the zodiac which ran on the ecliptic, 23 1/2 degrees inclined to the equator, one half being "dry land" (the northern band of the zodiac, reaching from the vernal to the autumnal equinox), the other representing the "waters below" the equinoctial plane (the southern arc of the zodiac, reaching from the autumnal equinox, via the winter solstice, to the vernal equinox). The terms "vernal equinox," "winter solstice," etc., are used intentionally to angular measures, and not with tracts in space."
What the above drama from the play depict, becomes evident if you divide the globe vertically into the night and day half, and horizontally into the halves of the northern and southern hemispheres, allowing for the slightly skewed declination of the ecliptic. Antigonus is right at the division between the night half and the day half. Ursa Major (the Great Bear) is on dry land (the northern hemisphere) and Argo Navis, the Ship, is near shore, since Argo Navis is located near the beginning of the southern hemisphere. Argo Navis is particularly appropriate in connection with a shipwreck since it appears to have no bow and in the poem by Aratos is depicted as near shore:
"Stern forward Argo by the Great Dog's tail Is drawn; for hers is not a usual course, But backward turned she comes, as vessels do When sailors have transposed the crooked stern On entering harbor; all the ship is reverse, And gliding backward on the beach it grounds."
The Winter's Tale then, is related to The Merry Wives of Windsor by virtue of being it opposite. And The Winter's Tale is related to Cymbeline because Cymbeline deals with the final part of the story where the soul re-emerges from the material world. Thus Cymbeline is also the direct opposite of the first tragedy Troilus and Cressida. The other Comedies and Tragedies are related in exactly this same way. Comedy 1 is related to comedy 12 as its opposite. Comedy 2 is related to comedy 11 as its opposite, Comedy 3 is related to comedy 10 as its opposite, and so on, and there is a corresponding design in the Tragedies.
The Merry Wives of Windsor is paralleled by Troilus and Cressida, which, dealing with the siege of Troy also deals with the fall of souls. Of the great Neoplatonic philosopher, Proclus, Thomas Taylor, adept in this area of knowledge, says that the eulogium given by Ammonius Hermeas,
"'that Proclus possessed the power of unfolding the opinions of the ancients, and a scientific judgment of the nature of things, in the highest perfection possible to humanity,' will be immediately assented by every one, who is an adept in the writing of this incomparable man".
Almost casually, in the second part of his essay on the Republic, Proclus gave the key to the meaning of the Iliad in the broadest sense, and an interpretation of the myth of the Trojan War. Proclus says
"The myths want to indicate, I believe, through Helen, the whole of that beauty that has to do with the sphere in which things come to be and pass away and that is the product of the demiurge. It is over this beauty that eternal war rages among souls, until the more intellectual are victorious over the less rational forms of life and return hence to the place from which they came."
The explanation of Proclus has an evident similarity with the myth of the divine child Dionysos, which was presented in The Mysteries of Eleusis. This myth tells how the titans, gathering the substances of space, formed them into a great mirror. Dionysos, looking into the mirror reached his infant hands out toward the beautiful being he saw before him. But the titans moved the mirror further and further away, luring Dionysos away from his heavenly home. Then they fell upon the infant god and torn him into pieces and began to devour him. At this point, Zeus, looking down with his all seeing eye, saw what was taking place. In his anger, Zeus hurled great bolts of lightning at the titans, nor did his wrath subside until only ashes remained of their bodies. From the ashes of the titans arose the race of man, mixed with the portion of the divine Dionysos within them, along with the elements of the titans. Plutarch, in his treatise, On The Eating of Flesh, tells us that the whole story of Dionysos being torn into pieces by the titans, and the subsequent destruction of the titans by Jupiter, was, "A sacred narrative concerning reincarnation." That is, it was given in the form of a sacred discourse explaining the dramatic presentation at Agra, and signified the descent of souls into matters. There is also an obvious similarity here with the stories of the fallen angels who were also lured by beauty to their fall.
In the Histories, Bacon again improved on Homer's design. In The Cave of The Nymphs, Porphyry commented on the following 11 lines from the Odyssey:
At the head of the harbor is a slender-leaved olive and nearby it a lovely and murky cave sacred to the mymphs called Naiads. Within are kraters and amphoras of stone, where bees lay up stores of honey. Inside, too, are massive stone looms and there the nymphs weave sea-purple cloth, a wonder to see. The water flows unceasingly. The cave has two gates, the one from the north, a path for men to descend, while the other, toward the south, is divine. Men do not enter by this one, but it is rather a path for immortals.
This embodies a very ancient idea about the descent of souls into the earth, and about the two paths these souls may travel. The Rig Veda refers to these paths, and the Chandogya Upanishad says one path is the "way of the gods", and the other takes the souls to the moon, where, after the residue of their good works is exhausted, they return to earth again. Plutarch describes this in "The Face In The Orb Of The Moon". Macrobius in his Commentary on the Dream of Scipio, also speaks of the two paths, one the gate of Cancer through which the souls descend to the earth, and the other the gate of Capricorn through which they ascend again to the celestial sphere from which they came. Macrobius, in agreement with the Hindu scriptures, calls the gate of Capricorn, the portal of the gods, "because through it souls return to their rightful abode of immortality, to be reckoned among the gods". According to Macrobius after souls enter through the gate of Cancer they fall through the rings of the planets, therefore Bacon had an allegory of the Mysteries of Eleusis ,which incorporated the symbolism of the soul falling through the rings of the seven planets, in The Tempest, and made the histories, which are located between the Comedies and the Tragedies in the First Folio, an allegory of the seven planets :
1. (Saturn) The Life and Death of King John
2. (Jupiter) The Life & Death of Richard the Second
3. (Mars) The First Part of King Henry the Fourth
The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth
4. (Sun) The Life of King Henry the Fifth
5. (Venus) The First Part of King Henry the Sixth
The Second Part of King Henry the Sixth
The Third Part of King Henry the Sixth
6. (Mercury)The Life and Death of Richard the Third
7. (Moon) The Life of King Henry the Eighth
A careful examination of the seven histories shows that they symbolize the respective planets. King Henry the Fifth, for example, with it special éclat, is obviously the sun. King John, who cannot enlarge his kingdom, represents Saturn who had his organs of generation severed. And so on with the other Histories.
The design of the First Folio is so meticulous and precise that each and every play has its precise place in this design, and the order of any single play cannot be changed without destroying the design. Having fashioned this design, Bacon then contrived the anomalies associated with Troilus and Cressida so they could prompt those who were familiar with the play to think, and thus allow those capable of piercing the veil to solve the puzzle and discover that the books of Homer lay behind the design of the First Folio, and, following this, discover why Bacon utilized these works, and hence the secret intent behind the entire First Folio.
Certainly, a rationale for the overall design of the plays in the First Folio is a consummation devoutly to be wished, and certainly you wont find a hint of the real meaning of the design in orthodox scholarship. The orthodox viewpoint is represented by from Sidney Lee and Alfred W. Pollard. According to Sidney Lee the plays in the First Folio were printed anyhow as the copy dribbled in from Heminge and Condell. But Alfred W. Pollard stuck in his thumb and pulled out a plum of wisdom that in his own conceit made him a bright boy, proclaiming their arrangement,
"followed the business like principle of displaying their most attractive wares in the most prominent positions".
This received wisdom regarding the design of the First Folio has fallen like the gentle rain from heaven onto the huddled masses yearning to breathe free below, and the huddled masses have known no better than that it was a rose by some other name. Alas for the poor, deluded, huddled masses. They have no golden door. A golden shower maybe, but no golden door.
Following these edicts from the high potentates of orthodox dogma, countless editors, have felt they had full license to go any way the whim of their fancy moved them, and have produced countless volumes containing the works of Shakespeare with the plays arranged anyway but the original way in which they were originally published. And that original order, which might have struck a spark of light in some mind untrammeled by the orthodox idiocy, has been quite lost, except for those few willing to pay an exorbitant price for a facsimile of the First Folio. Never mind, all of this will sorted out, but first it is necessary to wade through the anomalies and follow the Troilus and Cressida puzzle all the way to its origin in that Enigmatical and Disclosed scheme in the greatest mind this planet has ever produced,- per ardua ad astra!
The main source for the love plot of the play is Chaucer's masterpiece Troilus and Criseyde which was fed from the fountainhead of Great Homer himself in his Iliad. There is evidence that before writing Troilus and Cressida, Bacon had read the Seven Books of the Iliad published by George Chapman in 1598, Chapman's first installment in his historic translation of Homer's Iliad (completed in 1611). There are good reasons for believing that Troilus was written between 1598 and 1602, and that the actual date was probably nearer 1602. For example, the Prologue says:
and hither am I come
A prologue arm'd but not in confidence
Of author's pen or actor's voice, but suited
In the condition as our argument
And the "prologue arm'd" is obviously a reference to the armed Prologue in Ben Jonson's Poetaster (1601). Lines written by one I.C. in his Saint Marie Magdalens Conversion (1603) indicates that the play was known to many:
"Of Helen's rape and Troyes besieged Towne,
Of Troylus faith and Cressida falsitie,"
So it seems evident that the play was written between these two dates, probably in1602. The Merry Wives of Windsor was also written around this time, and, as I have already shown, there is a connection between the two.
-end of Part II-

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Can I install the lighting myself?
Electrical projects are inherently dangerous, and even the most benign tool can cause serious injury or death if not used properly. Always read and follow instructions and safety warnings. Please consult a licensed electrician if you do not feel comfortable or are unfamiliar working with electricity. ALWAYS turn off the power at the circuit breaker and test that the power is off before starting.
What height would you recommend I hang my new light?
The installation brochure has a few recommended heights for installation, but we recommend holding the light up at a few different heights to make sure it looks and functions the way you want. Please remember to leave an additional few inches on the cord for wiring purposes.


text:
Six-fold increase in people suffering famine-like conditions since pandemic began
A new Oxfam report today says that as many as 11 people are likely dying of hunger and malnutrition each minute. This is more than the current global death rate of COVID-19, which is around seven people per minute. The report, 'says that conflict remains the primary cause of hunger since the pandemic, pushing over half a million people into famine-like conditions ―a six-fold increase since 2020.
Latin American billionaires surge as world's most unequal region buckles under coronavirus strain
The fortunes of Latin America's 73 billionaires surged by $48.2 billion since the beginning of the pandemic even as the region buckles as one of the worst-hit regions in the world, said Oxfam today.
12,000 people per day could die from Covid-19 linked hunger by end of year, potentially more than the disease, warns Oxfam
As many as 12,000 people could die per day by the end of the year as a result of hunger linked to COVID-19, potentially more than could die from the disease, warned Oxfam in a new briefing published today. The global observed daily mortality rate for COVID-19 reached its highest recorded point in April 2020 at just over 10,000 deaths per day.
Oxfam calls on all actors in Venezuela to avoid further undermining of the rights and well-being of the population
Due to the increasing complexity of Venezuela's political conflict, in the midst of an important social and economic crisis, Oxfam calls on all the actors involved to take the following points into account.


text:
"""
mbed SDK
Copyright (c) 2011-2013 ARM Limited

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
"""
import sys
import inspect
import os
import argparse
import math
from os import listdir, remove, makedirs
from shutil import copyfile
from os.path import isdir, join, exists, split, relpath, splitext, abspath
from os.path import commonprefix, normpath, dirname
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT, call
from math import ceil
import json
from collections import OrderedDict
import logging
from intelhex import IntelHex

def remove_if_in(lst, thing):
    if thing in lst:
        lst.remove(thing)

def compile_worker(job):
    """Standard task runner used for compiling

    Positional argumets:
    job - a dict containing a list of commands and the remaining arguments
          to run_cmd
    """
    results = []
    for command in job['commands']:
        try:
            _, _stderr, _rc = run_cmd(command, work_dir=job['work_dir'],
                                      chroot=job['chroot'])
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            raise ToolException

        results.append({
            'code': _rc,
            'output': _stderr,
            'command': command
        })

    return {
        'source': job['source'],
        'object': job['object'],
        'commands': job['commands'],
        'results': results
    }

def cmd(command, check=True, verbose=False, shell=False, cwd=None):
    """A wrapper to run a command as a blocking job"""
    text = command if shell else ' '.join(command)
    if verbose:
        print text
    return_code = call(command, shell=shell, cwd=cwd)
    if check and return_code != 0:
        raise Exception('ERROR %d: "%s"' % (return_code, text))

def run_cmd(command, work_dir=None, chroot=None, redirect=False):
    """Run a command in the forground

    Positional arguments:
    command - the command to run

    Keyword arguments:
    work_dir - the working directory to run the command in
    chroot - the chroot to run the command in
    redirect - redirect the stderr to a pipe to be used later
    """
    if chroot:
        # Conventions managed by the web team for the mbed.org build system
        chroot_cmd = [
            '/usr/sbin/chroot', '--userspec=33:33', chroot
        ]
        for element in command:
            chroot_cmd += [element.replace(chroot, '')]

        logging.debug("Running command %s", ' '.join(chroot_cmd))
        command = chroot_cmd
        work_dir = None

    try:
        process = Popen(command, stdout=PIPE,
                        stderr=STDOUT if redirect else PIPE, cwd=work_dir)
        _stdout, _stderr = process.communicate()
    except OSError:
        print "[OS ERROR] Command: "+(' '.join(command))
        raise

    return _stdout, _stderr, process.returncode

def run_cmd_ext(command):
    """ A version of run command that checks if the command exists befor running

    Positional arguments:
    command - the command line you are trying to invoke
    """
    assert is_cmd_valid(command[0])
    process = Popen(command, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    _stdout, _stderr = process.communicate()
    return _stdout, _stderr, process.returncode

def is_cmd_valid(command):
    """ Verify that a command exists and is executable

    Positional arguments:
    command - the command to check
    """
    caller = get_caller_name()
    cmd_path = find_cmd_abspath(command)
    if not cmd_path:
        error("%s: Command '%s' can't be found" % (caller, command))
    if not is_exec(cmd_path):
        error("%s: Command '%s' resolves to file '%s' which is not executable"
              % (caller, command, cmd_path))
    return True

def is_exec(path):
    """A simple check to verify that a path to an executable exists

    Positional arguments:
    path - the executable
    """
    return os.access(path, os.X_OK) or os.access(path+'.exe', os.X_OK)

def find_cmd_abspath(command):
    """ Returns the absolute path to a command.
        None is returned if no absolute path was found.

    Positional arguhments:
    command - the command to find the path of
    """
    if exists(command) or exists(command + '.exe'):
        return os.path.abspath(command)
    if not 'PATH' in os.environ:
        raise Exception("Can't find command path for current platform ('%s')"
                        % sys.platform)
    path_env = os.environ['PATH']
    for path in path_env.split(os.pathsep):
        cmd_path = '%s/%s' % (path, command)
        if exists(cmd_path) or exists(cmd_path + '.exe'):
            return cmd_path

def mkdir(path):
    """ a wrapped makedirs that only tries to create a directory if it does not
    exist already

    Positional arguments:
    path - the path to maybe create
    """
    if not exists(path):
        makedirs(path)

def copy_file(src, dst):
    """ Implement the behaviour of "shutil.copy(src, dst)" without copying the
    permissions (this was causing errors with directories mounted with samba)

    Positional arguments:
    src - the source of the copy operation
    dst - the destination of the copy operation
    """
    if isdir(dst):
        _, base = split(src)
        dst = join(dst, base)
    copyfile(src, dst)

def delete_dir_files(directory):
    """ A function that does rm -rf

    Positional arguments:
    directory - the directory to remove
    """
    if not exists(directory):
        return

    for element in listdir(directory):
        to_remove = join(directory, element)
        if not isdir(to_remove):
            remove(file)

def get_caller_name(steps=2):
    """
    When called inside a function, it returns the name
    of the caller of that function.

    Keyword arguments:
    steps - the number of steps up the stack the calling function is
    """
    return inspect.stack()[steps][3]

def error(msg):
    """Fatal error, abort hard

    Positional arguments:
    msg - the message to print before crashing
    """
    print("ERROR: %s" % msg)
    sys.exit(1)

def rel_path(path, base, dot=False):
    """Relative path calculation that optionaly always starts with a dot

    Positional arguments:
    path - the path to make relative
    base - what to make the path relative to

    Keyword arguments:
    dot - if True, the path will always start with a './'
    """
    final_path = relpath(path, base)
    if dot and not final_path.startswith('.'):
        final_path = './' + final_path
    return final_path

class ToolException(Exception):
    """A class representing an exception throw by the tools"""
    pass

class NotSupportedException(Exception):
    """A class a toolchain not supporting a particular target"""
    pass

class InvalidReleaseTargetException(Exception):
    pass

def split_path(path):
    """spilt a file name into it's directory name, base name, and extension

    Positional arguments:
    path - the file name to split
    """
    base, has_ext = split(path)
    name, ext = splitext(has_ext)
    return base, name, ext

def get_path_depth(path):
    """ Given a path, return the number of directory levels present.
        This roughly translates to the number of path separators (os.sep) + 1.
        Ex. Given "path/to/dir", this would return 3
        Special cases: "." and "/" return 0

    Positional arguments:
    path - the path to calculate the depth of
    """
    normalized_path = normpath(path)
    path_depth = 0
    head, tail = split(normalized_path)

    while tail and tail != '.':
        path_depth += 1
        head, tail = split(head)

    return path_depth

def args_error(parser, message):
    """Abort with an error that was generated by the arguments to a CLI program

    Positional arguments:
    parser - the ArgumentParser object that parsed the command line
    message - what went wrong
    """
    parser.error(message)
    sys.exit(2)

def construct_enum(**enums):
    """ Create your own pseudo-enums

    Keyword arguments:
    * - a member of the Enum you are creating and it's value
    """
    return type('Enum', (), enums)

def check_required_modules(required_modules, verbose=True):
    """ Function checks for Python modules which should be "importable"
        before test suite can be used.
        @return returns True if all modules are installed already
    """
    import imp
    not_installed_modules = []
    for module_name in required_modules:
        try:
            imp.find_module(module_name)
        except ImportError:
            # We also test against a rare case: module is an egg file
            try:
                __import__(module_name)
            except ImportError as exc:
                not_installed_modules.append(module_name)
                if verbose:
                    print "Error: %s" % exc

    if verbose:
        if not_installed_modules:
            print ("Warning: Module(s) %s not installed. Please install " + \
                   "required module(s) before using this script.")\
                % (', '.join(not_installed_modules))

    if not_installed_modules:
        return False
    else:
        return True

def dict_to_ascii(dictionary):
    """ Utility function: traverse a dictionary and change all the strings in
    the dictionary to ASCII from Unicode. Useful when reading ASCII JSON data,
    because the JSON decoder always returns Unicode string. Based on
    http://stackoverflow.com/a/13105359

    Positional arguments:
    dictionary - The dict that contains some Unicode that should be ASCII
    """
    if isinstance(dictionary, dict):
        return OrderedDict([(dict_to_ascii(key), dict_to_ascii(value))
                            for key, value in dictionary.iteritems()])
    elif isinstance(dictionary, list):
        return [dict_to_ascii(element) for element in dictionary]
    elif isinstance(dictionary, unicode):
        return dictionary.encode('ascii')
    else:
        return dictionary

def json_file_to_dict(fname):
    """ Read a JSON file and return its Python representation, transforming all
    the strings from Unicode to ASCII. The order of keys in the JSON file is
    preserved.

    Positional arguments:
    fname - the name of the file to parse
    """
    try:
        with open(fname, "r") as file_obj:
            return dict_to_ascii(json.load(file_obj,
                                           object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict))
    except (ValueError, IOError):
        sys.stderr.write("Error parsing '%s':\n" % fname)
        raise

# Wowza, double closure
def argparse_type(casedness, prefer_hyphen=False):
    def middle(lst, type_name):
        def parse_type(string):
            """ validate that an argument passed in (as string) is a member of
            the list of possible arguments. Offer a suggestion if the case of
            the string, or the hyphens/underscores do not match the expected
            style of the argument.
            """
            if prefer_hyphen:
                newstring = casedness(string).replace("_", "-")
            else:
                newstring = casedness(string).replace("-", "_")
            if string in lst:
                return string
            elif string not in lst and newstring in lst:
                raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
                    "{0} is not a supported {1}. Did you mean {2}?".format(
                        string, type_name, newstring))
            else:
                raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
                    "{0} is not a supported {1}. Supported {1}s are:\n{2}".
                    format(string, type_name, columnate(lst)))
        return parse_type
    return middle

# short cuts for the argparse_type versions
argparse_uppercase_type = argparse_type(str.upper, False)
argparse_lowercase_type = argparse_type(str.lower, False)
argparse_uppercase_hyphen_type = argparse_type(str.upper, True)
argparse_lowercase_hyphen_type = argparse_type(str.lower, True)

def argparse_force_type(case):
    """ validate that an argument passed in (as string) is a member of the list
    of possible arguments after converting it's case.
    """
    def middle(lst, type_name):
        """ The parser type generator"""
        def parse_type(string):
            """ The parser type"""
            for option in lst:
                if case(string) == case(option):
                    return option
            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
                "{0} is not a supported {1}. Supported {1}s are:\n{2}".
                format(string, type_name, columnate(lst)))
        return parse_type
    return middle

# these two types convert the case of their arguments _before_ validation
argparse_force_uppercase_type = argparse_force_type(str.upper)
argparse_force_lowercase_type = argparse_force_type(str.lower)

def argparse_many(func):
    """ An argument parser combinator that takes in an argument parser and
    creates a new parser that accepts a comma separated list of the same thing.
    """
    def wrap(string):
        """ The actual parser"""
        return [func(s) for s in string.split(",")]
    return wrap

def argparse_filestring_type(string):
    """ An argument parser that verifies that a string passed in corresponds
    to a file"""
    if exists(string):
        return string
    else:
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
            "{0}"" does not exist in the filesystem.".format(string))

def argparse_profile_filestring_type(string):
    """ An argument parser that verifies that a string passed in is either
    absolute path or a file name (expanded to
    mbed-os/tools/profiles/<fname>.json) of a existing file"""
    fpath = join(dirname(__file__), "profiles/{}.json".format(string))
    if exists(string):
        return string
    elif exists(fpath):
        return fpath
    else:
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
            "{0} does not exist in the filesystem.".format(string))

def columnate(strings, separator=", ", chars=80):
    """ render a list of strings as a in a bunch of columns

    Positional arguments:
    strings - the strings to columnate

    Keyword arguments;
    separator - the separation between the columns
    chars - the maximum with of a row
    """
    col_width = max(len(s) for s in strings)
    total_width = col_width + len(separator)
    columns = math.floor(chars / total_width)
    output = ""
    for i, string in zip(range(len(strings)), strings):
        append = string
        if i != len(strings) - 1:
            append += separator
        if i % columns == columns - 1:
            append += "\n"
        else:
            append = append.ljust(total_width)
        output += append
    return output

def argparse_dir_not_parent(other):
    """fail if argument provided is a parent of the specified directory"""
    def parse_type(not_parent):
        """The parser type"""
        abs_other = abspath(other)
        abs_not_parent = abspath(not_parent)
        if abs_not_parent == commonprefix([abs_not_parent, abs_other]):
            raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
                "{0} may not be a parent directory of {1}".format(
                    not_parent, other))
        else:
            return not_parent
    return parse_type

def argparse_deprecate(replacement_message):
    """fail if argument is provided with deprecation warning"""
    def parse_type(_):
        """The parser type"""
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("Deprecated." + replacement_message)
    return parse_type

def print_large_string(large_string):
    """ Breaks a string up into smaller pieces before print them

    This is a limitation within Windows, as detailed here:
    https://bugs.python.org/issue11395

    Positional arguments:
    large_string - the large string to print
    """
    string_limit = 1000
    large_string_len = len(large_string)
    num_parts = int(ceil(float(large_string_len) / float(string_limit)))
    for string_part in range(num_parts):
        start_index = string_part * string_limit
        if string_part == num_parts - 1:
            print large_string[start_index:]
        else:
            end_index = ((string_part + 1) * string_limit) - 1
            print large_string[start_index:end_index],

def intelhex_offset(filename, offset):
    """Load a hex or bin file at a particular offset"""
    _, inteltype = splitext(filename)
    ih = IntelHex()
    if inteltype == ".bin":
        ih.loadbin(filename, offset=offset)
    elif inteltype == ".hex":
        ih.loadhex(filename)
    else:
        raise ToolException("File %s does not have a known binary file type"
                            % filename)
    return ih

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Myvu allows patients to enjoy a hands-free, private viewing experience. The Myvu glasses are connected to a portable DVD player, allowing patients to sit back, relax, and enjoy a movie or TV show while having their dental work completed.
In addition to the Myvu, Dr. McCormick also offers a private listening experience with personal CD players and headphones. He has a wide variety of music choices, but patients are also encouraged to bring their own CDs.


What to Expect from a Datathon: A Technical Data Science Walkthrough!
We are pleased to invite you to Data for Good – Waterloo Region's third event! Join us as we illustrate the technical aspects of the Datathon process through a live walkthrough of a really cool data science problem!
Two of our fabulous volunteers, Mandy Gu and Ruoyu Qian, will take us through a step-by-step walkthrough that uses the 2018 Kaggle Machine Learning & Data Science Survey dataset (https://www.kaggle.com/kaggle/kaggle-survey-2018) to answer the following question: how can we predict the job title of a data science professional based on their skills and qualifications?
Thank you very much to Communitech for providing space for our event at their Kitchener office (note: this is a different location from the Communitech Data Hub in Waterloo, where we held our kickoff event)!
Mandy Gu is a Computational Linguist at Kiite.ai, where she tackles problems related to natural language processing and understanding. Her main domain of work is using deep learning to tackle text-related problems. In her spare time, Mandy likes to work on Kaggle challenges and maintains a technical blog on machine learning (http://medium.com/@mandygu).
Ruoyu Qian is a Data Analyst/Data Engineer at Bonfire Interactive, currently living in Waterloo. He graduated from Clarkson University with an MS in Data Analytics. Ruoyu is constantly experimenting with new technologies and techniques in the field of data analytics.
See https://www.meetup.com/Data-for-Good-WR/events/258311541/ for more details and to RSVP.


text:
BSc Program in Tourism and Hospitality in United Arab Emirates 2021
Tourism and Hospitality ›
A BSc stands for Bachelor of Science, and it is an undergraduate academic degree. Depending on the particular program, students who earn a BSc may choose to enter into a career or continue their education and earn an advanced degree.Education in the United Arab Emirates has its benefits: sun, sea, sand, tax-free earnings after graduation and some of the best universities in the Gulf region.In add… Read more
A BSc stands for Bachelor of Science, and it is an undergraduate academic degree. Depending on the particular program, students who earn a BSc may choose to enter into a career or continue their education and earn an advanced degree.
Education in the United Arab Emirates has its benefits: sun, sea, sand, tax-free earnings after graduation and some of the best universities in the Gulf region.In addition, a number of highly ranked universities based in other countries have branch campuses in the UAE.
Top Bachelor of Science Degrees in Tourism and Hospitality in United Arab Emirates 2021
Diplomas | 1-year MBAs | Masters
Read more about studying in United Arab Emirates
Hospitality (1) arrow_forward
1 Results in Tourism and Hospitality, United Arab Emirates
BSc (Hons) in International Hospitality Management
Cromwell UK International Education
Ajman , United Arab Emirates
The purpose of BTEC Higher Nationals in Hospitality Management is to develop students as professional, self-reflecting individuals able to meet the demands of employers in Hos ... +
The purpose of BTEC Higher Nationals in Hospitality Management is to develop students as professional, self-reflecting individuals able to meet the demands of employers in Hospitality Management and adapt to a constantly changing world. -


The Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission (ERLC) joined Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) International and the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) in a March 5 statement regarding the Muslim majority country to the U.N. Human Rights Council (UNHRC). The statement was read during the UNHRC's latest meeting, which was Feb. 25 to March 22 in Geneva, Switzerland.
The ERLC and its allies responded to the disappointing reaction by a newly elected government in the Southeast Asian country to recommendations made previously by UNHRC member states. The new ruling coalition -- representing the only regime change since Malaysia gained its independence in 1957 -- failed to live up to the hopes of religious minorities after its election in May 2018.
In the statement, the religious liberty advocates expressed "deep regret" over the new government's rejection of nine of the 10 recommendations by UNHRC members to address "the deteriorating situation" for freedom of belief in Malaysia.
The statement said the organizations are "highly concerned" the Malaysian government is only willing to protect religious liberty within its constitutional framework and not to live up to the international human rights standards that include the freedom to change religion or belief.
"Indeed, while the Malaysian Constitution provides for laws to control or restrict the propagation of any religious doctrine or belief among persons professing Islam, this provision has been used to enact anti-propagation enactments that prohibit the free expression of individuals and the manifestation of religious practices of minority religious groups," the statement said.
In the statement, the ERLC and its allies urged Malaysia "to put an end to such restrictions" and guarantee equal human rights for all citizens.
The statement -- organized by ADF International -- specifically declared its disappointment with the Malaysian government's unwillingness to delete religious status from required identity cards.
Travis Wussow, the ERLC's general counsel and vice president for public policy, told Baptist Press, "The Malaysian government's decision to reject nine out of 10 recommendations related to religious freedom is a significant setback for the hopes of Christians and other religious minorities. Christians had been hoping the new Malaysian government elected last year would bring a series of fresh reforms, but the future of interreligious peace and harmony in Malaysia is uncertain as ever.
"The United States and international community should keep up the pressure on the new Malaysian government to create a Malaysia for all Malaysians, including Christians and religious minorities," he said.
Wussow attended the UNHRC meeting along with ERLC Executive Vice President Phillip Bethancourt as part of the U.N.'s release of its annual report on international religious freedom. They met with member states and other organizations to promote global religious liberty, especially regarding conditions in such countries as China and North Korea.
The recommendations made to Malaysia came from UNHCR members who participated in what is known as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). The UPR Working Group, which consists of the 47 UNHRC member states, meets three times a year and reviews the human rights records of 14 of the U.N.'s 193 members each time. Non-governmental organizations such as the ERLC, ADF International and WEA are able to provide information for the reviews.
During the UNHRC meeting, the ERLC's Wussow and Bethancourt attended a panel on the outcomes of the latest UPR session, which included a report on Malaysia.
The ERLC's advocacy for religious freedom in Malaysia has been limited not just to U.N. forums. The entity produced a video documentary last year that reported on the burden to non-Muslims in the country from the religious registration requirement. Wussow traveled to Malaysia in 2017 to meet with government officials and affected Christians.
Dato' Amran Mohamed Zin, Malaysia's permanent representative to the U.N. in Geneva, defended his government during the UNHRC meeting.
"Our diversity is our strength," he said. "As a multi-religious nation, affirmative efforts continue to benefit and sustain peace and harmony in our country. Malaysia has put necessary checks and balances through additional policies and programs against acts of discrimination, stigmatization, stereotyping, hate crimes based on religion or belief."
The statement from the ERLC, ADF International and WEA also brought attention to the abduction of pastor Raymond Koh two years ago. They implored Malaysia's government to launch a new, independent investigation into his abduction and to guarantee the security of all religious workers.


text:
Bothriurus bonariensis est une espèce de scorpions de la famille des Bothriuridae.

Distribution
Cette espèce se rencontre en Argentine, en Uruguay, au Paraguay en Bolivie et au Brésil.

Description

Le mâle décrit par Ojanguren-Affilastro en 2005 mesure  et la femelle .

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce, composé de bonari[a] et du suffixe latin , « qui vit dans, qui habite », lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, Buenos Aires.

Publication originale
 C. L. Koch, 1842 : Die Arachniden. Nurnberg, C.H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes
 The Scorpion Files : Jan Ove Rein, Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Notes et références

Bothriuridae
Espèce de scorpions (nom scientifique)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


-Elementary Bee Biology -What to do About Swarming?
This is a lecture style class with props galore! Handle everything in sight, taste some pollen, sample honeys. Plenty of time for questions.
Rich Schneider of Capital Bee Supply will be on hand with woodenware and equipment for sale.


Here we feature the best mattress brands in each class. Most mattresses are shipped in a box from the mill. Cutting out the middlemen so that you get the best value possible.
Everybody has different reasons for purchasing a new mattress. To help make your choice easier, we've organized the mattresses. Should you need more choices, you will find reviews below for the best mattresses in each class too.
The DreamCloud is a medium-firm hybrid mattress with a combination of latex, memory foam, and coil springs. The mattress has a luxurious feel and offers a high level of comfort, offering very good pressure relief and back support but also great motion isolation with added bounce. In comparison to in-store manufacturers of a comparable quality, the DreamCloud mattress-in-a-box is great value for money.
As a luxury mattress, the DreamCloud is constructed with premium materials. Therefore, it is durable, secure, and supportive. This makes sure the bed will endure to the future for years. The business provides a lifetime guarantee in addition to a 365-night safe sleep trial. This enables you to test the bed. You can return it free of charge for a full refund, if you aren't pleased.
The Alexander Signature is a gel-infused memory foam foam mattress that offers durability and luxury at a price that is competitive. Made with CertiPUR-US foams, the mattress is available in just two firmness options: moderate or luxury firm. This makes the bed ideal if you prefer to sleep on stomach, side, or the back. It sleeps cool and provides great back support, pressure relief, and good movement isolation.
The Nectar is an affordable memory foam mattress with a just-right texture that suits all fashions. The Nectar's memory foam layers deliver also a high level of comfort and pressure relief. The bed is also effective at keeping your spine in alignment when sleeping on your side, back, or stomach. Because of this, the Nectar works for reducing or even eliminating pain that is generalized or localized.
As a mattress-in-a-box, the Nectar ships directly from the factory to your doorstep within 2 to 5 business days. This means that you skip the middlemen and gain a well-made mattress at a reasonable price. The Nectar has received favorable reviews from clients, many who say the mattress has solved all their pain problems. Additional advantages include a lifetime guarantee and a 365-night risk-free trial.
For side sleeping, the DreamCloud is one of the most comfortable mattress-in-a-box brands available on the market. As a medium-firm hybrid mattress, the DreamCloud has the benefits of a memory foam bed with all the support and response to pocketed coil springs. Therefore, if you are a side sleeper having a mattress to keep your shoulders, hips, and knees well-protected, the DreamCloud is a solid option.
When you lie on your side on the DreamCloud, the memory foam will accommodate to your body's natural curves, while the pocketed coils will ensure your spine remains in excellent alignment. This reduces back pain and alleviates aches and pains to get a better night's sleep. Being a premium mattress-in-a-box brand, the DreamCloud additionally benefits from a lifetime warranty and a 365-night safe sleep trial.
The Layla memory foam mattress includes two firmness choices in a single bed: a soft side and a firm side. In particular, the gentle side of this mattress works well if you prefer to sleep on your side. When you lie , the Layla will cradle your shoulders and buttocks, reducing pressure while keeping your spine in alignment. However, if you find the soft side too extravagant, you can simply flip the mattress to gain a firmer feel.
The Alexander Signature is a multi-layer memory foam mattress that delivers high levels of comfort for a reasonable price. The mattress works well in most areas and has good back support, pressure relief, motion transfer, and border support. Because of this, you need to locate a huge improvement in the quality of your sleep and awake feeling rested with fewer aches and pains.
Using a medium or luxury firm choice, you can select the perfect degree of firmness to fit your preferred sleeping position: back, side, or stomach. Gel-infused memory foam is utilized to regulate temperature, keeping you warmer on warmer nights. The mattress also features a plush quilted cover for added luxury and comfort.
The 15-inch DreamCloud is a premium hybrid mattress combining high-quality materials in 8 different layers. The mattress has a luxurious feel and look, housing a hand-tufted cashmere blend top, high-density memory foam, natural latex, and a 5-zone pocketed coil system. This premium mix provides excellent comfort and a just-right texture however you like to sleep. The mattress has a medium firmness and decent movement isolation, so in the event that you sleep with a spouse, you will feel less disturbance throughout the evening.
The DreamCloud can also be effective if you are a heavier person and want pressure relief with enough support to keep you afloat on the mattress. The high-density memory foam will effortlessly alleviate pressure on your joints, while the coil springs and latex will guarantee you never sink too far to the bed. Other noteworthy aspects contain gel memory foam to keep you cool, a 365-night trial, and a lifetime warranty.
The Nectar is a medium-firm memory foam mattress that provides high levels of comfort and support at a reasonable price. The mattress uses a mixture of gel-infused memory foam layers, ensuring your weight is evenly dispersed across the mattress . This brings a relaxing and cooler night's sleep with deep compression support for crucial joint areas such as your hips, shoulders, and knees.
With its multi-layer construction, the Nectar mattress supports different weight classes and accommodates all sleeping positions. Therefore, no matter if you sleep on your back, side, or stomach, you will feel comfy and well-supported. A year-long secure trial interval and a lifetime guarantee make the Nectar an affordable and popular option.
This memory foam mattress has an perfect amount of firmness that is not too difficult and not too soft. As an all-purpose mattress, Nectar suits individuals and will help to ease your back pain if you lie face up, face down, or else onto your side. The Nectar's multiple gel memory foam layers provide a high level of support and stability, which works nicely in the event that you generalized pain back, or suffer from lower, upper.
The memory foam will cradle your hips and lower back, if you sleep facing the ceiling, but you will not sink too far down. While keeping your spine in alignment for side sleeping, the mattress will accommodate to your body's curves. Stomach sleeping is possible in the Nectar, even though if you are a large individual, you might demand a firmer mattress. Other benefits include a lifetime warranty and a trial.
Clinical studies have proven the Level Sleep's TriSupport foam to be effective at reducing all types of back pain, whether localized or generalized pain. The memory foam brings pressure relief to your joints Apart from being capable of treating backache. The mattress is made in quality in the USA. The Level Sleep also comes with a trial, so that you may test this bed in the comfort of your home's attributes.
The Nest Alexander is a competitively priced, luxury memory foam mattress available in just two firmness levels: medium and luxury firm. Produced in the USA, the Signature uses CertiPUR-US certified gel memory foam, supplying body contouring but also profound compression support to your joints. A phase change material is used to decrease heat and keep you cool. And if you sleep with a spouse, the mattress has motion transfer, so you will experience disturbance.
Nest Bedding is known inside the industry for providing value for money, high-quality beds. The business offers efficient and friendly customer support, and a lifetime warranty, free delivery, and a 100-night trial, so that you may see if the mattress is ideal for you. If you are on the market for a memory foam bed, the Nest Signature is a buy.
The Nectar is one of the most inexpensive memory foam beds in the marketplace these days. Despite its attractive price tag, the mattress uses high quality materials that provide lots of comfort and support. The bed has CertiPUR-US memory foams, a Tencel cover, and also a firmness. This makes it comfortable and cool no matter how you sleep during the evening .
The Nectar ships direct from the factory, making sure you find the best possible price. This makes the mattress a lot less expensive than in-store brands of a comparable standard. A year-long trial interval can be available once you obtain the Nectar. This permits you to test the mattress over a span of 12 months so you can see the pain-relieving attributes of memory foam.
An award winning memory foam mattress with just two firmness choices in one mattress. The Layla has a soft side and a firm side so it is possible to discover the comfort level. The mattress offers great support whether you sleep on your side, back, or stomach. Copper-infused memory foam will help to move heat away from your bed, assisting you to remain cool, though a high-density base foam maintains stability and durability.
Considering that the Layla utilizes CertiPUR-US certified memory foam, the mattress contains no ozone depleting chemical flame retardants, materials, or formaldehyde. The copper used within the foam is antimicrobial, which prevents mold and microbes from developing, prolonging the life span of this mattress. A lifetime guarantee and USA construction add to the advantages of this memory foam mattress.
Combining the benefits of coil springs using different layers of memory foam, the Nest Alexander Signature Hybrid brings high-end comfort and value for money. This luxury mattress has the bounce and support of spiral spring bed, but the pressure relieving qualities of high-density memory foam, which makes it a true all-around bed for individuals or couples. As a result, it works for back, side, or stomach sleeping.
The Alexander Signature Hybrid's multilayer construction includes copper and gel-infused foam for extreme heat , plus a stage change fabric cover to quickly zap heat away from the body. The coil spring system helps air to circulate throughout the bed, keeping you cool even when the temperature begins to rise. You gain the benefits of a well-established company and a lifetime warranty.
The DreamCloud mattress is a reliable investment if you are in the market for an extremely durable bed. The multi-layer construction will keep you supported even in the event that you occupy a heavier weight category. The company is so confident in the quality of their craftsmanship they provide a lifetime warranty and a 365-night secure trial period.
The DreamCloud is a medium-firm, luxury hybrid that features a combination of latex memory foams, and coil springs and premium materials. Designed for couples or individuals, the mattress brings luxury in a less expensive cost than in-store brands of quality. The mattress is highly durable and luxurious, using soft palate yarns and a plush Cashmere blend quilted cover.
Using its medium-firm feel and hybrid configuration, the DreamCloud can accommodate all sleeping positions, so if you want to sleep on your back, side, or stomach, the mattress will still feel comfortable and supportive. The bed also has lots of bounce when maintaining levels of movement isolation. The DreamCloud is shipped in a box for convenience and comes with a lifetime warranty.
The Alexander Hybrid mattress from Nest Bedding combines memory foam layers with a durable pocketed coil spring program. Offered in soft, medium, and firm options, you can select your ideal feel, although medium and firm are greatest if you are a large individual. The mattress need your weight spreading evenly across the mattress and has no specific weight limitation, making it perfect if you are on the side.
In particular, the Alexander Hybrid benefits from edge support and low movement transfer. Hence, the mattress is recommended if you sleep with a spouse and toss and turn throughout the night. The mix of memory foam and coils absorb motions, helping you both get a more refreshing sleep. The mattress comes with a lifetime warranty and trial, so that you can test it free from danger.
The DreamCloud hybrid is a robust mattress-in-a-box, offering a medium-firm texture and excellent construction. If you are a heavy individual and need a mattress that is supportive but also offers pressure relief, the DreamCloud is a fantastic choice. Latex layers and the foam are highly comfortable, bringing profound compression support. In addition, pocketed coil springs keep you well-supported, distributing your weight evenly. This means that you will never sink too far into the bed.
Having a 15-inch height, the DreamCloud is perfect if you're a heavy individual. The mattress was constructed with premium materials and high-density foams. As a result, there is not any weight limit on the mattress, so it will endure to the future for several years. The company offers a 365-night sleep trial that is risk-free and a lifetime warranty. Therefore, you can check the mattress on your home to determine if it is ideal for you. If you are not convinced, you can return it free of charge over the trial period for a complete refund.
If you need a lavish and are a person but competitively priced mattress, the Nest Alexander Signature is a fantastic choice. In a medium or firm firmness, the mattress features. While a strong slab of base foam will guarantee you never sink too far to the bed, the foams will cradle your entire body. This is especially useful when you're a large person and want proper spinal alignment.
The Eco Terra is a natural hybrid mattress combining natural Talalay latex and wool, organic cotton, and encased coil springs. The mattress is available in a moderate or medium-firm firmness, therefore it has a feel which works well whether you prefer to sleep on your side, back or stomach. One of the best things about the Eco Terra is its own price . The mattress is among the most economical latex hybrids on the market.
Since the mattress utilizes 100 latex, it provides plenty of bounce and is highly responsive. The pocketed coil springs will keep you afloat and minimize motion move, while the latex comfort layer will permeate your body and ease the pressure. The latex and coil construction also guarantees that this mattress frees cool. The Eco Terra has also a 15-year manufacturer guarantee and a trial period.
The Nectar is a reasonable memory foam mattress with a medium firmness. The mattress features a lavish, breathable cover, gel-infused memory foam to keep you cool, and a compact base layer for maximum support and stability. Should you require a mattress that conforms to your body shape and eases pain, then the Nectar performs well. It keeps you well-supported so you never have a sinking feeling. You ought to discover the mattress comfortable and supportive.
A queen mattress costs $699, making the Nectar one of the very best value for money memory foam mattresses-in-a-box. The CertiPUR-US certificate, which ensures there are no ozone depleters, heavy metals, or chemical fire retardants has been obtained by the bed. Lifetime warranty , year-long trial, and A delivery make the Nectar among the memory foam mattresses available.
When you obtain the Love & Sleep, you're gaining a mattress in the Nest Bedding business. This ensures excellent customer service and stuff that are durable. The business also provides a 100-night sleep trial and a lifetime guarantee, which means that you may check the Love & Sleep in the comfort of your own home.
The Nectar is a cheap but well-built memory foam mattress with a moderate firmness. If you sleep with a spouse and require a mattress which works for all places that are sleeping, the Nectar will guarantee plenty of support and pressure relief. As a memory foam bed, the Nectar also offers motion isolation that is good. This will help to minimize vibrations. If your partner or you toss and turn on a normal basis, the Nectar will help you get a better night's sleep. There's some bounce, although not as much as on a hybrid or spiral spring mattress. Regardless of this, there's sufficient to satisfy most couples.
Despite its price point, the Nectar has quality construction and sleeps thanks to gel-infused memory foam. It also benefits from non-toxic CertiPUR-US foams. This is ideal if your partner or you suffer with allergies or are worried about chemical flame retardants. Other notable features of the Nectar mattress include a trial plus a lifetime warranty.
The Alexander Hybrid from Nest Bedding is a competitively priced, luxury hybrid available in 3 firmness levels: soft, medium, and firm. Combining memory foam layers using coil springs, the mattress brings strain relief, back support, but also plenty of bounce and response . In addition, the bed has good edge support and movement isolation, which are beneficial if you sleep as a few.
When you obtain the Alexander Hybrid in Nest Bedding, you will gain a mattress . The business manufactures its beds at a purpose-built USA factory. This ensures a quality mattress is gained by you at a price you are able to afford. As with all Nest mattresses, there is a lifetime warranty also included.
The Bear is a comfy and cooling mattress that utilizes graphite-gel memory foam, and this can be said to be 7 days cooler than foams. With a medium firm feel, the Bear offers temperature regulation, body contouring, and pressure relief. A foundation layer that is high-density ensures that your backbone remains supported no matter how you sleep.
The Eco Terra is a value for cash hybrid mattress that combines encased coil springs and natural latex. This brings temperature regulation, keeping you cool on warm nights. Unlike the mobile nature of latex allows for greater airflow. Similarly, pocketed springs guarantee heat keeps moving through and away from the bed. Overall this ensures you stay cooler for longer.
When coupled with all the breathability of a natural cotton cover, the Eco Terra is a trusted choice if you're in the market for a hybrid latex bed that sleeps trendy. Despite its eco-friendly, durable construction, the Eco Terra is far less costly than brands of quality and economical. It's also less expensive than many competing brands that are online. You benefit from a guarantee that is standard and a trial.


text:
Day's Worst: U.S. Supreme Court rejects challenge to surveillance law
Civil Liberties, foreign communications, foreign intelligence surveillance act, SCOTUS
U.S. Supreme Court justices (Pablo Martinez Monsivais, Associated Press)
It was dismaying to learn the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday shot down a challenge to a law enabling the government to spy on its citizens in secret.
The trouble is, the plaintiffs couldn't prove they were spied on.
One might argue that's because the spying was, well, secret. But that apparently wasn't enough to persuade a majority of justices to address the constitutionality of a 2008 broadening of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, or FISA.
As we said in an editorial about the issue in November, it's a Catch-22.
Joseph Heller, author of the classic novel "Catch-22," could hardly have imagined a plot so absurd and canted against the civil rights of ordinary people whose e-mails and calls are likely being monitored by the government.
Think about it: You know the government is conducting wide-ranging, warrantless searches of communication involving at least one party on foreign soil. You suspect your communications are being captured in the dragnet, but you're not sure. Since the information is being collected for intelligence purposes — not prosecution where it likely eventually would become public — how can you ever know?
Yet, there's no denying that the issue of standing is one that cannot be glossed over. It means that a plaintiff must have a personal stake in the outcome of the dispute. Without such a test, the government might be overrun by lawsuits filed for ideological reasons or just for the heck of it.
As we said, it's a Catch-22. A double bind. A no-win situation.
The fear of plaintiffs that their communications were being intercepted was too speculative, according to the decision, written by Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr.
According to a New York Times story about the decision, it means that this provision of FISA probably will never be reviewed by the high court.
And that's a blow to civil liberties in this country.
Comments Off on Day's Worst: U.S. Supreme Court rejects challenge to surveillance law
Categories: Civil Liberties, Day's Worst, Federal courts, U.S. Supreme Cout, Uncategorized
Day's Best: Expanding access to public records in Colorado
Denver Preschool Program gives kids a "smart start"


text:
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NPT Russia-USA Centre russe d'etudes politiques Arms Control
Control is Dead, Long Live Control
Oleg Demidov
PIR Center consultant Oleg Demidov describes the role of the Verisign corporation in the DNS root zone management, comments on the process U.S. Department of Trade's withdrawal from direct contractual relationship with the technical management of the root zone, and looks at the potential impact of c...
Updating the concept of strategic stability
Alexei Arbatov
Origins of the notion
It should be underlined that the concept of "strategic stability" was born in the late 1980s in the context of START-I negotiations to serve as a foundation of deep strategic arms reductions. In this role, it was designed to replace an amorphous and subjective notion of "equal...
Arms control agenda remains valid until next U.S.-Russia summit
Yuri Nazarkin
On July 16, 2018, President Putin and President Trump finally held their first summit in Helsinki. The summit did not yield specific agreements in arms control domain, which means the current problems will have to be addressed by next U.S.-Russia summit. Now there are only two major arms control ...
In what will result current deterioration of the situation on the Korean Peninsula?
The situation will freeze at the current level 54 (45%)
Under the pressure of sanctions DPRK regime collapses 2 (1.67%)
Seoul's military response to the North Korean provocation will lead to a military conflict on the peninsula 11 (9.17%)
North Korea will stop the escalation and soften its policy in exchange for the lifting of sanctions 53 (44.17%)
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Hard, but necessary: upholding four principles of strategic stability
Lewis Dunn
Four principles of strategic stability
It is possible, at least conceptually, to sketch out a set of broad principles for U.S-Russian strategic stability – those principles are rooted in Cold War legacies but need to be adapted, revisited, and broadened in light of changing strategic capabilities and threats:
1. Mutual assurance that neither country can dramatically degrade the other country's strategic capabilities – now to include not simply nuclear capabilities as in the Cold War but also space and cyber assets – we can call this deterrence stability.
2. A mutual commitment to preventing a future U.S.-Russian military crisis and in the event of such a crisis to avoiding political-military actions that would heighten the risk of escalation to open military conflict – or crisis stability.
3. A shared assessment of nuclear dangers, including most importantly, a reaffirmation of the Reagan-Gorbachev injunction that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought – any nuclear war.
4. A mutual readiness to take advantage of opportunities to renew habits of cooperation between Washington and Moscow, not least in cooperation to protect the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Obstacles to improved relationship
In practice, it has proved very difficult to apply those principles to the post-Cold War strategic relationship between the two countries – and it remains so today. Perhaps the best example is the long-running debate between Washington and Moscow on the impact of augmented U.S. missile defenses on deterrence stability. Washington has argued that enhanced but limited missile defenses are a necessary response to protect the American homeland against third party nuclear threats from new proliferators – and proposed many different non-treaty based measures to reassure Moscow about the scope and impact of those limited U.S. defenses. Moscow has consistently held that enhanced U.S. missile defenses (complemented by conventional strike options) are a threat to Russia's deterrent, downplayed if not dismissed any such regional proliferation threats to the American homeland, and rejected pursuit of non-treaty-based reassurances. Comparable difficulties could be set out regarding implementation of each of the other strategic stability principles.
The two countries are well along the road not only to strategic confrontation but to the breakdown of over five decades of cooperative management of their strategic relationship – not simply treaty-based arms control but all types of cooperative management with the goal of U.S.-Russian strategic stability. Within both Putin's Moscow and Trump's Washington, there are influential voices deeply skeptical of the past record and future payoffs of cooperative strategic management, or call it arms control if you like. For non-ideological experts in the United States, it increasingly seems illusory to argue for U.S.-Russian cooperative management of our strategic relationship – and thus, not worth doing so.
Given the mix of Russian interference in the U.S. presidential election, President Trump's refusal to acknowledge it, the controversy over Russian violation of the INF Treaty, and historic Republican skepticism about arms control, odds would be against gaining Senate ratification for any new arms control treaty with Russia – or even gaining enough political maneuvering room for a five-year extension of New START prior to the 2021 deadline, which does not require Senate action but which the Congress could find ways to oppose.
Finally, ever since the negotiation of the Limited Test Ban Treaty in the aftermath of the Cuban Missile crisis, part of the underlying foundation of cooperative strategic management has been a shared appreciation of nuclear dangers – but with Moscow's apparent rethinking of the usability of nuclear weapons, there are very different views of nuclear dangers in Washington and Moscow.
Need for cooperative management
The two leaderships need to step back to ask themselves – both independently and jointly – whether the breakdown of cooperative management and its replacement by a new unfettered strategic unilateralism will serve U.S. and Russian security interests. For at least five reasons, my contention is that the answer is no – such a breakdown would be a strategic train wreck for both Washington and Moscow.
First, a breakdown of cooperative strategic management will increase the risk that a U.S.-Russian political-military confrontation will go out of control. Why? Because that breakdown will result in far fewer windows into each other's military capabilities, doctrine, and thinking – and in so doing, open up new possibilities for miscalculation and worst-case decision-making.
Second, a breakdown also will increase nuclear dangers for both countries. Why? Because of the risk that the ultimate miscalculation will be a use of nuclear weapons that regardless of the results of computer simulations and war-gaming will escalate out of control to a society-destroying strategic exchange – and preventing that miscalculation per my principles would be at the core of future cooperative strategic management.
Third, unfettered strategic unilateralism will be economically costly for both countries. Why? Because of the loss of windows into each other's activities, resulting worst case decision-making, and for the United States to invest in capabilities to protect against Moscow's belief that nuclear weapons are usable and then for Moscow to invest in counters to U.S. investments.
Fourth, a breakdown of cooperative strategic management will make it harder to cooperate in addressing third party threats and challenges. Why? In the midst of intensified political and military confrontation, such cooperation will lack bureaucratic and domestic political support.
Fifth, a breakdown of cooperative management will dramatically heighten the risk of significant erosion of the legitimacy, effectiveness, and support for the NPT, impacting still significant U.S.-Russian interests in a robust NPT. Why? Because U.S.–Russia nuclear reductions have been the only card both of our nations have played in demonstrating implementation of Article VI but even more so because such a breakdown will almost certainly lead to calls and actions by some NPT non-nuclear-weapon states – encouraged by NGO disarmament activists – to abandon the NPT in favor of the new Prohibition Treaty.
For all of these reasons, Putin's Kremlin and Trump's Washington need to go back to strategic basics and to ask themselves what would be at stake in the strategic train wreck both countries are approaching. How to do so? At best officially; otherwise the two presidents should create a greybeard panel of retired top-level civilian officials and military leaders to do so and report back to them.
This memo is prepared as part of the activities of the Working Group on Strategic Stability and De-escalation in U.S.-Russian Relations.
Mailing address: PO Box 147, Moscow, 119019, Russia
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Survey says: Greater Boston Project: 100 points.
This week we got the opportunity to recreate Family Feud in our classroom. Our "families" were our CAP project groups, and playing this game was a great way for us to bond and get to know each other. As many of you know, an important aspect of The Greater Boston Project is collaboration, and this class always makes sure we are learning how to collaborate in a fun and exciting way.
At the start of class, all of the students filled out a ten question survey containing questions that related to our life in and out of school. These questions were the survey questions for the game. Right off the bat, the game became very intense. Each group was given a piece of paper to write down their answers for each survey question. If you looked around the room after the show host (Mr. O, of course) read the question you would see all of the groups huddled around a piece of paper quietly whispering, so another group would not hear them, ideas of what would answer the question best. In other words, you would see all group members collaborating to determine the right answers.
Creating this competitive environment, made getting to know our group mates a lot easier. The CAP project continues for the rest of the year, and we will need to be able to effectively communicate and make decisions with the same people for the next four months. It is extremely important to be able to problem solve as a group, and challenge or support different people in your group's opinions to make the best project. It may be surprising, but playing Family Feud helped us develop those skills as a group. For example, One question was, "Name different suburbs of Boston, not including Needham." I was thinking, "Oh no, our options are endless." The groups were faced with a challenge: picking five suburbs out of a lot that would reward them with the most points. For a while my groupmates and I discussed back and forth what suburbs should be on our list, and after erasing, rewriting, then erasing and rewriting again we finally all agreed on what we thought was the perfect list.
Looking back on the game, the skills we used to answer the questions are the same as the ones we will use to succeed in our CAP Project. This was a great way to kick off our project and get to know our peers in a easy-going environment.
GBP students compete in their CAP groups for Family Feud glory (Photo by Ms. Tincher).
A huge aspect of GBP is learning ways to help make the community better. Last week our class took a field trip to the Greater Boston Food Bank. It was a great experience to be able to see what goes on behind the scenes at the food bank and assist in the process of it. Prior to the trip, we did an in class preparation activity looking at statistics of people affected by hunger in Massachusetts. In this activity we found that last year the Food Bank collected enough food to feed approximately 54,000 people. They are able to make that possible with the help of over 25,000 volunteers. The company is working to increase the distribution of food in order to provide at least one meal a day for everyone in need in the eastern Massachusetts area.
When we arrived to the food bank we walked through a huge room with food stacked to the ceiling. It was surprising how much food this company is able to collect for people in need. After a brief introduction to the GBFB, the workers took us into the room where the food is organized and assigned us different roles. The different roles were re-stocking boxes, unloading the food onto the conveyor belt, separating the food into categories, weighing the boxes, and loading the filled boxes onto a forklift. It was really hectic organizing the food because it was consistently passing by on the conveyor belt and we had to be able to separate it into the correct categories. We also had to be sure there were no opened packages and no expired food. However the hard work was worth it because of the reward of helping others. Afterwards we had a quick debrief and learned that we had packaged about 8,000 pounds of food (which, we found out, was more than the students in the Period 5&6 class!). Competition aside, it was shocking to learn that we packed that much food in a short amount of time, and goes to show how much can be accomplished when you have a group working cohesively to solve a problem.
This field trip allowed us as GBP students to immerse ourselves in a situation similar to the CAP that we will be completing over the course of the next few months. The lesson of this field trip relating to our CAP is that one person can make a huge difference. The Greater Boston Food Bank started with one person handing out food from the back of their truck and expanded into a huge company with the help of donations, drives, and financial contributions. The hopes of our CAP project is that we can start something that others will be able to expand upon in the future in order to help the community. It was a rewarding feeling to be able to help those in need and knowing that we were making a change.