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március 1, 2022
What is whistleblowing and who can be a whistleblower?
Although the term 'whistleblower' is only to become known in many EU countries thanks to a new EU legislation, in the English-speaking world, whistleblowers have been referred to for centuries as persons who report violation of social order, laws, ethical norms or other written or unwritten rules to the competent authorities so that they can put an end to that abuse or fraud. America, in particular, has a long tradition of whistleblowing, which also serves as a guarantee of transparency and fair operation.
In general, whistleblowing may be submitted to a public body or authority, but in the case of breach of ethical standards set out by a certain organization, the report shall only be addressed to the body which is of interest to the abuse concerned. Depending on the country's legal system, there may be procedures that require the person concerned to report the abuse or fraud directly to the organization in advance.
In this article, we briefly review the background of this legal institution, the main provisions of the Whistleblowing Directive and the current state of its implementation into the legal system of the Member States.
1. The background of whistleblowing
The word is linked to the use of a whistle to alert the public or a crowd about a bad situation, such as the committing of a crime or the breaking of rules during a game. The phrase whistle blower attached itself to law enforcement officials in the 19th century because they used a whistle to alert the public or fellow police. Sports referees, who use a whistle to indicate an illegal or foul play, also were called whistle blowers.
The historical antecedents of modern whistleblower systems lie in the tradition of qui tam actions of the Anglo-Saxon law, which meant that if a citizen caught another citizen in the act while committing a serious breach, he could "sue" him in the name of the state and for his own benefit. The primary reason for the establishment of this legal institution was that the king did not have police officers to enforce the law, so he had to rely on civilians, to whom he paid a bounty in case they won the case.
"Qui tam" is shortened from of the Latin phrase "qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur" that translates to "he who prosecutes for himself as well as for the King."
The essential element of "qui tam" actions is therefore to reward the civil party involved if proceedings are concluded successfully. The earliest written record of such procedures dates from 695 A.D. and is related to Shabbat. According to Jewish religious law, during Shabbat which begins Friday evening at sunset and ends Saturday evening at sunset, any working activities are prohibited. Anyone who noticed that someone was violating this ban was entitled to half of the fine imposed on that person on the basis of the report. Nowadays, "qui tam" proceedings are most commonly referred to as actions brought under the U.S. False Claims Act.
The legal institution of whistleblowing has the longest history in the USA, and still has the longest tradition and practice of reporting breaches both at official and organizational level. The importance of this legal institution overseas is justified by the fact that, after gaining independence from the British Crown, it became necessary to adopt legislation that protected whistleblowers from retaliation for legitimate acts of whistleblowing. But there are still a number of laws in force that allow anyone who experiences abuse to report it as a whistleblower and, in addition to being entitled to protection, may receive a reward in some cases.
Back in the late 1770s, sailors Samuel Shaw and Richard Marven "reported" their superior, who tortured British soldiers in front of them. After submitting the report, they were immediately disqualified from the navy and criminal proceedings were initiated against them, as a result of which they had to remain in custody waiting for a judgement to be delivered. Still in prison, they wrote a letter to the Congress asking for help – their efforts paid off: in 1778, the Congress passed the first whistleblower act.
Since then, whistleblowing in the United States has progressed to the point where, if someone reports an abuse or fraud to the US Securities and Exchange Commission supported by sufficient evidence, and the proceedings are closed with imposing a fine, the reporter shall be entitled to a certain percentage of the fine. The SEC has already paid more than $1 billion to whistleblowers.
In addition to SEC practice, there are numerous legislation in force in the United States that allow whistleblowers to report abuse or fraud in order to safeguard the public interest.
Legislation supporting whistleblowers at this level is not that widespread in the European Union, however, thanks to the Directive, from 17 December 2021, it will generally be possible in principle to report abuses at organizational level, and in such cases the protection of the whistleblowers shall be granted.
2. The Whistleblower Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/1937)
The protection as set out in the Directive shall apply to all reporting persons working in the private or public sector who acquired information on breaches in a "work- or employment-related" context.
It is easy to see that, breaches, whether in the public or private sector, are most often experienced by those who work there or come into contact with them in the course of their work-related activities.
Workers as whistleblowers
In the course of their work, workers have priority access to information on breaches the reporting of which would be in the public interest, however, they are the ones who may be most affected by retaliation for reporting such information, as they are in a vulnerable position due to the hierarchical relationship. These individuals will primarily report the abuse or fraud they experience if they are confident that their identity will remain confidential and whistleblowing will not cause them detriment.
The Directive therefore provides protection for the widest possible range of workers. The following persons may therefore submit reports through the reporting channels established under the Directive:
Workers in the traditional sense;
Civil servants in the public service, municipal employees in any form of employment;
Other "workers" as defined by the Member States' rules applicable to employment and contractual relations.
The Directive states that protection should, thus, also be granted to workers in non-standard employment relationships, including part-time workers and fixed-term contract workers, as well as persons with a contract of employment or employment relationship with a temporary agency.
The discovered breach may also be reported by a person whose employment relationship has already been terminated but who is aware of the information obtained during the course of the employment, and may even be reported by a person whose employment has not yet begun but obtained breach-related information during the recruitment procedure or pre-contractual negotiation.
Other whistleblowers
It was realized that in addition to employees, other individuals and organizations with a looser working relationship with the organizations violating the law can also play a key role in exposing and preventing breaches of EU law. They are also subject to the fact that, in the absence of adequate protection, they may also find themselves in an economically vulnerable position when reporting an abuse or fraud, so the Directive extends the scope of whistleblowers to persons who acquired information on breaches in a work-related context, including:
self-employed entrepreneurs;
shareholders and persons belonging to the administrative, management or supervisory body of an undertaking, including non-executive members;
volunteers and unpaid trainees, and
any persons working under the supervision and direction of contractors, subcontractors and suppliers.
Empirical studies show that the majority of whistleblowers report abuses directly within the organization where they work. However, in addition to employees, those with a contractual relationship with the organization acting unlawfully can easily detect breaches; for example, when it comes to product safety, the suppliers and their employees are most likely to expose unfair and even illegal manufacturing, importing or distributing practices related to unsafe products. Similarly, when it comes to the use of EU funds, for example, consultants are in a privileged position to expose breaches they become aware of.
However, these individuals may also face retaliation in the absence of adequate protection, from the termination of their contract, through the loss of revenue, to reputational damage if they are not provided with an appropriate and secure channel for reporting abuses and no measures are taken to protect the confidentiality of their identities.
Protection provided for facilitators, colleagues or relatives of the reporting person
The level of protection provided for whistleblowers shall also be applied to third parties and entities related to the whistleblower who may also be affected by retaliation, either in relation to their employment relationship or their contractual relationship with the organization involved in the abuse, namely
facilitators of the reporter – which means natural persons who assist a reporting person in the reporting process in a work-related context, and whose assistance should be confidential;
third persons who are connected with the reporting persons and who could suffer retaliation in a work-related context, such as colleagues or relatives of the reporting persons; and
legal entities that the reporting persons own, work for or are otherwise connected with in a work-related context.
3. Violation of the Code of Ethics
Whether on the basis of a legal obligation or on a voluntary basis, an organization may decide to introduce a code of ethics and a specific procedure in case of non-compliance. The rules governing the introduction of such codes of ethics are not as strict as those of AML policies.
The code of ethics should set out the moral, ethical principles and expectations that the organization requires its employees to adhere to in their day-to-day work, both to each other and to outsiders. Some organizations go further in regulating workplace behaviour and incorporate general rules for life outside the workplace into these codes. In recent years, there have been a number of cases where a company has terminated the employment of an employee because he has violated their code of ethics, so it can be said that such soft regulatory tools are playing an increasingly important role in building an organizational culture.
As mentioned above, in addition to the moral requirements, it is strongly recommended to set out the rules of procedure for the organization to receive and investigate whistleblower reports on the violations of the code of ethics.
Some areas that organizations tend to cover in their code of ethics:
Rules for workplace and managerial behaviour related to the protection of the reputation of the organization.
Behavioural standards, whether online or in real life; mutual respect, prohibition of discrimination, harassment and exclusion.
Rules for political involvement and contact with political actors.
Fair business conduct and anti-corruption practices.
Conflict of interest.
Standards for anti-money laundering and fair competition practices.
4. Implementation of Whistleblower Directive into the legal system of the Member States
It follows from the legal nature of directives that regulations, such as the GDPR, are not directly applicable, so that in order to be effective, they must be introduced into national law by all Member States – this is what we call implementation.
Implementation should have been completed in all Member States by 17 December 2021, but there are only 3 Member States where the necessary legislation has actually been adopted: Sweden, Denmark and Portugal.
Legislation has already been implemented in the above Member States to ensure that whistleblowers are adequately protected in the event of reporting breaches of Union law that are harmful to the public interest; in the other Member States, the adoption of the Directive is expected to take place in the first half of 2022.
5. How does a whistleblower software help you?
When a whistleblower submits a report, the receiver organization shall ensure that the reporter's identity remains confidential and thus no retaliation can be imposed on him or her. If the organization fails to do so for any reason, a fine will be imposed on them under the regulation. In such cases, a fine will be imposed not only under the Whistleblower Directive, but almost certainly under the GDPR as well, as it shall be considered a personal data breach.
In order for the organization to be able to fulfil its legal obligation, it is important that the reports are to be received in a secured, closed system, which can be accessed solely by the authorized person(s) conducting the investigation. It is therefore not a good practice that IT professionals, for example, have access to reports even in principle, as it is not their job to investigate the reports, moreover, they might be the reported ones.
It is therefore essential to ensure the the confidentiality of the identity of the reporting person is protected, which is supported by Whisly, the whistleblower software in several ways:
allowing anonymous whistleblowing, in which case the organization will not receive any personal data;
outsourced data processing, which ensures the confidentiality of the whistleblower's identity even in case of non-anonymous reporting;
encrypted communication and encrypted data storage;
ISO 27001 IT infrastructure.
Whisly also provides the opportunity for the investigator to communicate confidentially with the whistleblower through the system after the report has been submitted, and the whistleblower may amend their report directly through the system at any time. Using the software, the investigation can be conducted in a GDPR-compliant way and it can provide additional support to the investigator in the following areas:
admin interface with an advanced task manager that helps you conduct the investigation as it contains the tasks to be performed;
autofill templates;
you can add notes for each task, attach related emails and files, or set reminders;
sending and receiving messages;
Whislyt, the whistleblower software is specifically designed to provide full support to investigators, even if they do not have the necessary knowledge and experience in investigating whistleblower reports.
Save time and make the investigation process simple and more efficient with Whisly.
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What is whistleblowing and who can be a whistleblower? Although the term 'whistleblower' is only to become known in many EU countries thanks to a


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The $53 million H-J Apron and Utilities project at Miami International Airport was part of the Miami Dade Aviation Department's South Terminal Expansion Program. The project was divided into 12 phases and included construction of an 80,000-square-yard Portland Cement Concrete apron around the proposed Concourse J.
Kiewit was awarded the Phase I and Phase II contracts for a new nine-gate commercial aircraft terminal and Arrivals Hall at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport. With an emphasis on partnering, crews were able to overcome scheduling and security challenges to complete the project much earlier than expected.
Devil's Slide Tunnel
Pacifica, Calif.
Due to the long history of rockslides and land slippage, Kiewit constructed tunnels to bypass the Devil's Slide portion of Route 1 so motorists can avoid these major slide areas. Using the New Austrian Tunneling Method, which relies on inherent rock strength for support, crews constructed the tunnels through granitic, sandstone and shale formations. The tunnels are approximately 4,100 feet long, 30 feet wide, 22 feet high and 60 feet apart.
I-225 Light Rail Line
Aurora, Colo.
The I-225 Rail Line is a $350 million project to design and build 10.5 miles of light rail line in Denver and Aurora, Colorado. The line will connect RTD's Nine Mile Station, built by Kiewit as part of the T-REX project, with the planned Peoria/Smith Station.
Midtown Tunnel
Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va.
This active P3 project is comprised of a new two-lane immersed tube tunnel under the Elizabeth River adjacent to the existing Midtown Tunnel and interchanges on both the Norfolk and Portsmouth sides; maintenance and safety improvements to the existing Midtown Tunnel; maintenance and safety improvements to the two existing Downtown Tunnels; and an extension of the MLK Expressway from London Boulevard to Interstate 264 (I-264).
The removal and replacement of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport's 10,000-foot-long 8R-26L Runway was completed in 60 days. The project included installation of underdrains, base materials and electrical lighting and repaving the runway with 20-inch-thick Portland cement concrete paving.
This $149 million project constructed a new south field runway at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport included grading, drainage and ductbank work as part of the airport's modernization program to expand and improve its facilities.
Richmond, B.C.
Completed ahead of schedule, this 30-month, $84 million expansion was Canada's first Category III Instrument Landing System runway, capable of landing aircraft in near zero visibility. It provided the foundation for construction of a new international terminal. The 60-metre-wide by 3,000-metre-long concrete third runway and taxiways required more 2 million cubic metres of sand as structural fill.
Northern Rail Extension
Salcha, Alaska
Kiewit Infrastructure West Co. (KIWC) was selected by the Alaska Railroad Corporation (ARRC) to provide Preconstruction Services for this CMGC project in Salcha, AK. The project calls for a 3,300 foot long steel bridge that crosses the Tanana River in addition to 300,000 cubic yards of riprap and 11,000 feet of levee along river's eastern bank.
Spadina Subway Extension
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The Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension Project (TYSSE) is the first Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) rapid transit line to cross the City of Toronto boundary into York Region.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MetroPCS Headquarters Address | MetroPCS Contact Info
Samayamiya
In this article, we are going to provide you with MetroPCS headquarters contact details. If you stay with us till the very end, you will get to know MetroPCS customer service number 24×7, MetroPCS headquarters address, MetroPCS headquarters contact number, and several other details.
Therefore, this article will surely serve as an one-stop solution for all your queries related to MetroPCS headquarters contact details. But before we discuss MetroPCS headquarter contact details, let us first know a little about Metropcs and its history.
About MetropCS Headquarters
MetroPCS History
MetroPCS Near Me
MetroPCS Headquarters Quick Contact Details:
MetroPCS or simply Metro is an American wireless service provider, a brand that is now owned by T-Mobile US. Before 2013, it was the fifth largest mobile service provider in the US and the company used the CDMA platform back then.
However, the technology was evolving quickly and a lot of MetroPCS competitors started rolling out 3G and 4G network services. As a result, a lot of users of MetroPCS switched to other alternatives.
In order to maintain their user base, MetroPCS entered a merger with T-Mobile US and started providing HSPA+ and 4G network services in late 2013. Post 2015, MetroPCS discontinued its CDMA services and all the existing customers were therefore promoted to HSPA+ and LTE services.
MetroPCS Company Profile
Type: Division.
Sector: Telecommunications/ Mobile services.
Formerly known as: General Wireless Inc.
Founded in: 1994.
Founded by: Roger Linquist and Malcolm Lorang.
Current President: Thomas C. Keys.
Roger Linquist and Malcolm Lorang laid the foundations of Metro in 1994 as General Wireless Inc. General Wireless started providing network services in 2002. Owing to great services, the company managed to create a user base of over 1.5 million in a span of three years .
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In 2012, MetroPCS agreed to a merger deal with T-Mobile US and the deal was completed in May 2013. Before the merger, MetroPCS had a user base of 9 million while over 31 million users used T-Mobile US.
After the merger, MetroPCS evidently became one of the largest mobile network services providers in the US, behind AT&T and Verizon, just to name a few.
Following are some of the most convenient contact details of MetroPCS that you might be needing. If you are in a hurry, you can directly skip to quick MetroPCS headquarters contact details after this section.
MetroPCS Headquarters Address:
If you want to visit the headquarters of MetroPCS, you should note down the following address: 2250 Lakeside Blvd, Richardson, Texas, 75082, US.
MetroPCS Postal Mailing Address:
The headquarters address of MetroPCS doubles as the postal mailing address. However, for your convenience, the postal mailing address of MetroPCS is: 2250 Lakeside Blvd, Richardson, Texas, 75082, US.
MetroPCS Contact Number:
If you cannot visit the MetroPCS headquarters or you cannot write to them, calling them would surely be the most suitable option. MetroPCS has a 24×7 customer helpline number in order to help their customers with their respective queries. Their toll-free customer care helpline number is: 1-214-570-5800.
MetroPCS Fax Number:
Fax might not be the most popular method of communication these days, but there are a lot of people who still prefer to fax their documents. In order to help these people, the fax number of MetroPCS is: 1-214-570-5859.
MetroPCS Customer Care Contact:
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If you were unable to reach MetroPCS via call, you also have the option of writing your queries to them. All you need to do is to fill out this form present on their official website. Following this, an official MetroPCS official should surely contact you.
MetroPCS Social Media Handles:
Twitter: @MetroPCS
Instagram: @metrobytmobile.
Facebook: @MetroPCS
MetroPCS Career:
If you want to build your career in MetroPCS, you should check out this page.
Headquarters: 2250 Lakeside Blvd, Richardson, Texas, 75082, US.
Toll-free Customer Care Number: 1-214-570-5800.
Fax Number: 1-214-570-5859.
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In this article, we have mentioned some of the most convenient ways of contacting MetroPCS. If you are facing any difficulties or if you think that we need to update our information, do let us know.
Also if you want the contact information of any company and want us to cover it for you, do let us know in the comments section below.
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This month we celebrate the light in the darkness, and it is brilliant to behold. The Star of Hope and Chinese Lunar New Year radiate the joy of new beginnings, renewal, and the sparks of light that re-connect us with the magic of life. February 15, we experienced a new moon in Aquarius. Aquarius is associated with The Star Tarot card – healing, hope, and the unlimited possibilities for growth, joy, and abundance. It is the promise of things unseen, and the ethereal water that restores and elevates the spirit.
The Hermit of the Tarot holds the Star of Hope within his lantern. While we travel through the darkness in the absence of a full moon this month, feel yourself as the Hermit, holding your own lantern of light within. This is the time to nurture and delight in the illumination of your own wisdom. Chinese Lunar New Year is a beautiful display of "as within, so without", with a bright show to reflect the creative light within and emergence of spring. In China, the streets and sky will be filled with exuberant sounds, lights, and colors under this dark new moon. This new moon is a harbinger of spring that unites us across the Northern Hemisphere.
Are you ready for spring? Do you feel the quiet, darker, introspective time of winter drawing to an end? Perhaps at first you welcomed the excuse to withdraw and rest; to do less and ease up on pushing yourself and life forward. Winter is a natural time for restoration and dreaming.
It's necessary, and yet, it cannot go on forever. Spring is stirring, within us and without. It's time to feel your lifeforce rising up to a new occasion. What have you been dreaming about, visioning, and keeping close to your heart in these months of long nights? Have your guides or ancestors imparted new wisdom or guidance that is just waiting to be initiated?
The Wheel of the Year is turning – it always is. I see the Hermit's lantern shining brighter and the lantern no longer able to contain this light. Imagine it shooting out, an uncontained star, released to come into new form with the spring, like all the plants that push through the hard, dry earth into the sun's light. If you have been longing to be reborn or rebirth something in your life, your time is fast approaching.
Chinese Lunar New Year begins at the new moon that falls between January 21 and February 20. This year, in China's time zone, the new moon day of the first Chinese lunar month is February 16. Lunar New Year, or the Spring Festival, is one of the most colorful events in the world, and the celebration continues beyond the day, often two weeks or more. This is the beginning of the year for China, and in timeless tradition, they will make sure it starts with an auspicious, delightful display! Imagine bells ringing, firecrackers popping, a sea of color…powerful reds and golds, lanterns, costumes, dancers, and fireworks illuminating the night sky, all overtaking the streets. Offerings are made to the ancestors, and the old is swept away, to usher in only the best fortune.
We are entering the Chinese Year of the Earth Dog, and let's pause and feel into it…Earth…Dog. The element of earth combined with dog brings a focus on work, communication, and brotherhood. Dog instills the ability to professionally excel, because it is efficient, proactive, kind, loyal, and happy to lend a helping hand. We admire the attributes of integrity, loyalty, and directness that dog embodies. From dog, we can learn to be more selfless and generous, observing how this generates greater results in the long run.
Dog is not concerned with money and doesn't expect things from life. Dog is willing to sacrifice for others, especially for those it fiercely loves. Dog time is 7pm – 9pm on the Chinese clock, a time associated with the duty of guarding the house. People born under the sign of Dog are known as the most humanitarian individuals. If you have ever spent much time with a dog, you have witnessed pure loyalty and pure instinct. A dog takes care of itself, its pack, its people – no questions asked, ever. Have you experienced this kind of loyalty and comradery?
With all these changes upon us, we are not alone, as dog reminds us. How will we work together to bring light to the darkness, in our personal, political, environmental, financial, and social circumstances? If this new moon and new year signify hope for working together to build a better future, how can we give it real shape and put it into action? I believe it starts with the Hermit – allowing the light of spirit and love within you to grow and blaze.
Listen to your own wisdom and do not be afraid to share it with others. Your experiences, joyful and suffering, have prepared you to live more fully and with more compassion. Do not doubt your expertise, for you are the ultimate expert when it comes to yourself, and you are on this planet to be you. You are what we need – the real, exposed you. The you that truly sees me, just as I see you.


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Clima organizacional es el nombre dado por diversos autores; se basa en el ambiente generado por las emociones de los miembros de un grupo u organización, el cual está relacionado con la motivación de los empleados. Se refiere tanto a la parte física como emocional y mental.

El clima organizacional ha sido conceptualizado a nivel individual y organizacional. Se centra en la planeación, organización, y control. En el nivel individual se le conoce principalmente como clima psicológico. En el nivel organizacional generalmente se le conoce como clima organizacional o clima laboral. Por su parte, el clima organizacional se caracteriza cuando el clima psicológico, es decir las percepciones de los trabajadores son compartidas entre los miembros de una organización y existe un acuerdo de dichas percepciones. Adicionalmente, el clima organizacional tiene un efecto significativo en el comportamiento de los trabajadores, en su desempeño laboral y en su rendimiento

El clima psicológico se refiere a las percepciones de los trabajadores del ambiente de trabajo, captura las representaciones psicológicas significativas hechas por los trabajadores referentes a la estructura, procesos y eventos que suceden en la organización.

El concepto se asimila al de dinámica de grupo al analizar las fuerzas internas que inciden en el ambiente laboral como resistencia al cambio. Fue el sociólogo Kurt Lewin quien desarrolló un análisis del campo de fuerzas, como modelo con el cual describía cualquier nivel presente de rendimiento.

Algunos autores consideran al clima organizacional como las percepciones colectivas e individuales que tienen los trabajadores sobre su organización, influenciadas por variables psicosociales, laborales y organizacionales, que repercuten sobre el comportamiento organizacional y la productividad empresarial.

Introducción
En la misma medida en que se puede analizar y describir una organización en lo que concierne a sus propiedades, a su estructura y a sus procesos, también es posible identificar las diferentes dimensiones de la percepción del medio ambiente laboral en el que se encuentra el colaborador individual e investigar su influencia sobre la experiencia y las conductas individuales.

La percepción por parte de la organización y del medio ambiente laboral, representa el sistema de filtración o de estructuración perceptiva. En virtud de esta percepción, tal persona efectúa una descripción de la multiplicidad de los estímulos que actúan sobre él en el mundo del trabajo y que representan su situación laboral, y este medio ambiente, se denomina clima de la organización o de la empresa para un individuo.

Las percepciones individuales del clima de la organización consisten aquí en una interacción (y combinación) de características objetivas y hechos que integran el devenir de la organización, por una parte, y características individuales y personales del individuo que percibe por otra.

Efectos del clima organizacional
La cualidad del clima organizacional parece afectar positivamente o negativamente, a través de la presencia de cierto tipo de interacciones entre los miembros de una organización. Parece afectar al grado de seguridad o inseguridad para expresar los sentimientos o hablar sobre las preocupaciones, el respeto o falta de respeto en la comunicación entre los miembros de la organización.

El análisis del clima organizacional suele considerar diferentes aspectos de la organización, entre estos se suelen mencionar con cierta frecuencia:
 Ambiente físico: comprende el espacio físico, las instalaciones, los equipos instalados, el color de las paredes, la temperatura, el nivel de contaminación, entre otros.
 Características estructurales: como el tamaño de la organización, su estructura formal, el estilo de dirección, etcétera.
 Ambiente social: que abarca aspectos como el compañerismo, los conflictos entre personas o entre departamentos, la comunicación y otros.
 Características personales: como las aptitudes y las actitudes, las motivaciones, las expectativas, etcétera.
 Comportamiento organizacional: compuesto por aspectos como la productividad, el ausentismo, la rotación, la satisfacción laboral, el nivel de tensión, entre otros.

Comunicación
Stephen Covey señaló la existencia de una correlación entre la confianza y la cooperación para caracterizar los niveles de comunicación. Una comunicación defensiva se caracteriza por la baja confianza y la baja cooperación entre las personas, en ella hay una actitud autoprotectora y a menudo un lenguaje legalista que califica las alternativas y estipula cláusulas para la huida en caso de que las cosas salgan mal. La comunicación respetuosa es propia de personas maduras, se respetan entre sí, pero quieren evitar la posibilidad de confrontaciones desagradables, de modo que se comunican con diplomacia, aunque no con empatía. Cuando hay alta confianza y alta cooperación, se logra la sinergia en el grupo gracias a la comunicación efectiva y se estimula la creatividad. De acuerdo con diversos autores, la comunicación es un elemento clave para lograr un buen clima organizacional y además puede incidir en el logro de los objetivos propuestos para la empresa.

Liderazgo
El estilo de mando del líder es el que genera cierta atmósfera en la organización. Lo característico del líder es estimular, a los otros a que le sigan, su función específica es poner en movimiento, incitar a la acción. En una atmósfera autoritaria la responsabilidad reside en la autoridad y nadie participa o inicia una acción excepto cuando lo impone el líder. En una atmósfera de sospecha hay temor de ser puesto en ridículo o de ser rechazado. En una apática no existe vitalidad, todos esperan que otro haga o diga algo. Los individuos en una atmósfera cálida, democrática son más productivos, viven satisfechos y menos frustrados, hay compañerismo, cordialidad, cooperación, más pensamiento individual facultad creativa y mayor motivación.

El tipo de liderazgo ejercido en la organización es importante para lograr resultados en las empresas. Por ejemplo, el clima que genera el liderazgo transformacional incrementa la identidad de los trabajadores con la organización y se traduce en un mejor desempeño individual y organizacional.

Identidad-Pertenencia
La identidad como la conciencia definida de estar unidos, lleva a los individuos a sentir un interés por lo que sucede a los otros integrantes del grupo. El individuo siente que pertenece al grupo, que es parte de éste y que tiene un interés común en él. Hay una relación entre la identidad con un grupo y la participación en el mismo, pues una mayor identificación estimula la participación. La participación en el proceso de análisis y de concertación de decisiones da como resultado una mejor resistencia a los cambios, menor abandono de las funciones por parte de los integrantes del grupo y genera una mayor productividad.

Motivación
La motivación muestra lo que mueve a los trabajadores en su labor. Cuando tienen una gran motivación, se eleva el clima y se establecen relaciones satisfactorias de animación, interés, colaboración. Cuando la motivación es escasa, ya sea por frustración o por impedimentos para la satisfacción de necesidades, el clima organizacional tiende a disminuir y sobrevienen estados de depresión, desinterés, apatía, descontento, hasta llegar a estados de agresividad, agitación, inconformidad, característicos de situaciones en que los empleados se enfrentan abiertamente contra la empresa, haciendo huelga, por ejemplo.

Antecedentes
Los antecedentes del concepto de clima aplicado a las interacciones humanas se puede encontrar en el libro de las transformaciones I Ching, en el que mediante analogías, se establecen diversidad de actitudes a partir de la correlación entre el pensamiento y el estado de ánimo.

Las actitudes son los mejores indicadores de un clima organizacional, ya que al estar conformadas por emociones, van dando forma a la atmósfera grupal. Los sentimientos de odio, envidia, venganza, rencor, mala intención y descontento se producen a diario en las organizaciones. En efecto el estado emocional de las personas se centra en tales sentimientos.

La siguiente tabla correlaciona el clima atmosférico con el temperamento del ser humano, lo que da origen a las actitudes. En el Eje horizontal están ubicados los diversos climas y en el eje vertical los temperamentos. Para interpretarlo se analiza el trigrama que aparece encima y su efecto en el que aparece debajo. Por ejemplo, lo estimulante sobre lo receptivo se interpreta como el encuentro del movimiento con la devoción, inspirando entusiasmo. El progreso surge del sol que sale sobre la tierra, símbolo del progreso rápido y fácil.

Evaluación
Existen diferentes formas de realizar una evaluación de clima organizacional. Lo puede ejecutar el mismo departamento de talento humano de la organización, o un ente externo como un consultor de talento humano o una empresa experta en el tema. De igual forma la evaluación puede ser física o utilizando tecnología especializada en la materia.

El crecimiento acelerado de competencia empresarial en una era con rápido desarrollo tecnológico ha generado la necesidad de buscar opciones confiables para la medición del ambiente en la organización en un tiempo mínimo.  La ventaja que se adquiere por medio del uso tecnológico (softwares), es la agilidad de manejo de datos y su proceso, la facilidad de archivar los datos con mayor seguridad, el análisis de datos y su desarrollo a través de un mínimo determinado de tiempo, la coordinación y edición para marcaje de progresos, generando el reporte con resultados exactos de la medición del clima organizaciónal de la empresa.

Etapas del proceso de medición de clima organizacional

 Preparación: La etapa de preparación es muy importante porque en ella se definirán las otras 6 etapas siguientes. Sin embargo, surge la pregunta ¿Qué debemos de considerar en esta etapa. En esta etapa debemos de definir si vamos a aplicar a toda la empresa o solo a algunas áreas, esto nos permite delimitar el alcance de la aplicación de la encuesta. Se debe de considerar cuáles criterios deseamos medir en la cuesta, por ejemplo: comunicación efectiva, relaciones entre gerentes y empleados, prestaciones competitivas, trabajo en equipo, acoso sexual, ergonomía de las instalaciones, calidad de las herramientas de trabajo, entre muchas otras más.  Es igual de importante asignar escalas de medición, estas nos permitirán cuantificar las respuestas de los encuestados. Al darle un peso a cada etiqueta podremos cuantificar los valores y sacar tendencias o estadísticos al final de la aplicación de la encuesta
 Sensibilización y capacitación: Esta etapa es muy importante dentro del proceso, ya que aquí es donde se le informa al personal los pasos a seguir. Aquí se tiene que hacer énfasis en que la encuesta es confidencial, informar que el objetivo principal de la encuesta es escuchar sus percepciones y hacer planes de mejora para la organización. Si vamos a decir al personal que la encuesta será confidencial debemos de asegurar que así sea, si no vamos a perder credibilidad de parte de los empleados o colaboradores. En muchos casos es recomendable que alguien externo a la empresa la aplica, algún despacho o algún consultor externo que tenga un punto de vista objetivo y no vaya a manipular los resultados. Existen sistemas que permiten cubrir esta preocupación, ya que la empresa sólo tiene acceso a las configuraciones generales, la base de datos está en la nube y se mantiene protegida por altos estándares de seguridad informática.
 Proceso de aplicación de la encuesta: Durante el proceso de aplicación es importante estar al tanto de las dudas y preguntas de los encuestados. Aunque hayas explicado muy bien todo el proceso, en la etapa de sensibilización y capacitación, es común que haya gente que vuelve a preguntar lo que ya explicaste, tienes que tener paciencia y volver a explicar y resolver sus dudas
 Recolección de encuestas: Este proceso puede variar, dependiendo si aplicaste la encuesta en papel o si lo hiciste con alguna herramienta informática, Si fue el caso que la hiciste en papel, debes de recolectar todas las encuestas y almacenarlas de manera ordenada, debido a que el siguiente paso es vaciar todos los datos a una hoja de cálculo para después hacer gráficas y sacar estadísticos. Algunas veces para la aplicación física de la encuesta, se cita a los participantes en una sala de capacitación o salón de eventos para que ahí todos respondan la encuesta y la van dejando a la salida, de esta forma evitas que se extravié
 Reporteo: Para el reporteo, en el caso de que hayas aplicado la encuesta de forma física en hoja y papel, debes de tener el concentrado de todas las encuestas ya vaciadas en una hoja de cálculo. Los estadísticos y gráficas se obtienen más fácil si tenemos los datos concentrados en una hoja de Excel
 Retroalimentación y presentación de resultados: La presentación de resultados deberá de hacerse primero a la junta directiva de la organización, es muy importante que todos los líderes de la empresa estén enterados de los resultados y se comprometan a hacer mejoras. El director general o CEO deberá de tomar el resultado de la encuesta muy en serio porque la permanencia de la empresa podría verse en riesgo si no se hacen mejoras en el corto plazo, mediano y largo plazo, especialmente cuando hay aspectos que están afectando la satisfacción del cliente externo o la calidad del producto o servicio.
 Planes de acción: Los planes de acciones vienen a cerrar el proceso de la encuesta de medición del clima organizacional, ya que, sin planes de acción y mejora, no tiene sentido nada de lo hecho hasta el momento. El personal que participó en la encuesta va a estar esperando que haya mejoras notorias, de lo contrario la encuesta perderá credibilidad, porque los encuestados se preguntarán: ¿Para qué responder la encuesta si no se considera mi punto de vista?. Lo mejor es ver los resultados generales y sus tendencias, y enfocarse a mejorar los aspectos con resultados más bajos. Recordemos en la ley de Pareto, si se mejora el 20% de los criterios de insatisfacción con calificaciones bajas, se impactará al 80% restante de la satisfacción general de la organización.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Weinert, A.(1985 ).Manual de Psicología de la Organización.(2ed.). Barcelona:Herder
 Aiken, L. (1996). Test Psicológicos y Evaluación. (8Ed.) .México D.F:Prentice Hall

Enlaces externos
 El clima organizacional o clima laboral, una prioridad de la empresa
 Evaluación del clima laboral u organizacional de la empresa

 Clima Laboral: El Estado de Ánimo de la Organización
 7 razones por las que es importante un buen clima laboral

 Estrategias para mejorar el clima laboral de la empresa.

Colaboración
Psicología social
Recursos humanos
Términos de administración

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Stevie Nicks: Live in Chicago (2009)
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This Bluray features Nicks' October 25, 2007 Soundstage performance. The Bluray features special guest Vanessa Carlton for whom Nicks provided backing vocals on her 2007 album Heroes & Thieves. The first lady of Fleetwood Mac, Stevie Nicks performs her classic rock hits as well songs from her acclaimed solo albums on LIVE IN CHICAGO. Recorded in 2007 before a crowd of adoring fans, these Soundstage sessions feature Nicks at her most engaging, offering mesmerizing versions of "Rhiannon," "Landslide," "Dreams," and many more.
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The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll (1960)
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Posts from 2017-09-18
Dave Richards for September 19, 2017
Monday, 18 September 2017 10:20 0 comments Dave's Column
Dave Richards for September 19th…………
--It was with a touch of sadness that we bade farewell yesterday to the cast and crew of the Up With People Show. Their one week visit was full of happiness, hope, and wonderful memories. They travel on from Cumberland to New Hampshire, then to Virginia, and then on to Mexico.
We knew when they came their visit would seem all too short. But we also know that a part of us and our beloved Blackstone Valley travels with them to be deposited in other parts of the world. The concept of "the melting pot" now extends well beyond the borders of the United States, as we slowly bring understanding and a voice of peace to people around the world through efforts such as Up With People.
The two shows they staged at the Cumberland High School Wellness Center last weekend were their special gift of thanks to us for our hospitality, they said. The shows were wonderful. But the memories of their visit will be just as precious to those who took the time to meet and know them. Safe travels, my friends!
--Thanks and congratulations to Elizabeth Featherston and her committee who put on an outstanding Great PumpkinFest in North Smithfield last Saturday! So many families came and all had a fun time. I was impressed by the smooth operation of the PumpkinFest, and delighted to see that my friend Peter Branconier and his friends were there helping to keep everyone safe and happy. Well done! Now, on to Settler's Days in Manville this weekend!
--Following up on last week's comments, I told you about my friend John who owns a radio station in the Florida Keys and how he struggled to get some of the locals down there to evacuate before Hurricane Irma hit.
Well, there was good news and bad news for John when he returned to his property. The good news was that his studio and office building was damaged, but still standing and usable. Better still, his radio towers were still mostly vertical and can be used while he arranges for permanent repairs. That was remarkable, but, as he said, they built them extra strong because they knew about how hurricanes visited that area. The guy wires were designed for 190 mile an hour winds, where many such towers elsewhere are designed to withstand only 110 mph winds.
Of course it's not always the winds which cause towers to collapse, it's the solid objects which become airborne and which get thrown into the tower which weakens them and brings them down. John was lucky. That didn't happen.
On the other hand, he had no utility power and no promise of when it would return. He also could not generate power, either. Water from the storm surge had gotten into the fuel tanks and there was no replacement fuel, so they had to wait. By the end of the week, though, John was on the air, serving his islands with local news and information.
I'm sure you're waiting for a report on the fate of those neighbors John left behind when he evacuated. The truth is he doesn't know if the people he doesn't see around town were killed or if they just haven't returned from shelter yet. It will be some time before we know.
--I often caution against jumping to conclusions when hearing news reports. My experience in the news business as a reporter has taught me that first reports, and sometimes even subsequent reports can either be in error or simply give the wrong impression. A good example of this is the horrible news which came out of Florida last week that 8 elderly residents of a nursing home died for lack of air conditioning when the power was out for days.
I heard comments that the people who ran the nursing home and the staff were murderers and should end up in jail.
But as Paul Harvey used to say, "Now here's the rest of the story".
Evidence has been found and confirmed that the people in charge at that nursing home took extraordinary steps to secure help from the outside. Not only did they contact local authorities, but when help didn't come from them they called the personal cell phone of none other than the Governor of Florida to beg for his assistance. It turns out that the tragedy actually happened because somebody forwarded the voicemail message on the governor's cellphone to two other agencies which did not or could not help. Anyway, help did not come in time for these 8 residents. Not at all what we were lead to believe from the first news reports, was it?
--Before I go, I need to say a word about a friend of mine who died on September 8th here in Rhode Island. I didn't learn of his passing until it was too late to mention it last week.
The people you will miss the most when they are gone are the ones who lived life on their own terms, but who did so with such humor and love that they offended no one. Russ Gorman was such a man. I can't tell you how old Russ was, he would never say. Even his death notice had no birth date mentioned. It was a game with him. About 15 years ago, Russ invited all his friends to his "100th Birthday Celebration". It was a joke, of course. Well, at least we thought it was. No one knew for sure.
Russ counted among his friends and acquaintances movie stars and show business performers known world-wide which he met in his work as an astrologer. Yet you'd never have known it, because Russ Gorman treated everyone he met with love and caring as if they were the most important person in the world. Even a kid from Pascoag who loved radio so much he bought the first station he ever broadcast on was a recipient of his love. And I can tell you this kid was very proud to have the longest-running daily astrology program in the world airing on his station. To me, Russ Gorman was the biggest star I ever knew.
--That's what I think. What do you think? Comments to: dave@onworldwide.com or postal mail to Dave Richards, WOON Radio, 985 Park Avenue, Woonsocket, RI 02895-6332.

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Owning a dog or cat is a wonderful thing, but you can contract skin rashes from them, especially if you're allergic or if the pet has a particular skin condition. Skin conditions can include allergies, flea-bite dermatitis, cat scratch disease, and ringworm.
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text:
Ampheraster hyperonchus is een zeester uit de familie Pedicellasteridae.

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1913 gepubliceerd door Hubert Lyman Clark.

Forcipulatida


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Album 'Blood Is Blood'
'Blood Is Blood' the highly anticipated debut album from Yorkshire based metalcore band 'On Hollow Ground'. The album incorporates ambience and hip hop into a powerful setting that is driven by technical ability and emotion.
Their style is unique yet familiar if you're a fan of the genre and the band, which speaks volumes to the composition of the album.
Don't sleep on their potential, their first full album feels like a band who have created numerous quality albums – a testament to the band's professionalism.
– Shawn (Metal Review Cast)
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Blood Is Blood track by track breakdown
By Jack Flynn
1. Our Lives
2. Broken
3. People Never Learn
4. Surviving Life...
5. ...And Getting By
6. WMD (Wasteman Down)
7. Blood Is Blood
8. Shut Down
9. Even Though
"It also holds the most emotional vocal takes I've ever recorded."
The song's lyrics set the tone for the album as it most transparently discusses grief, the overriding theme of the entire album. The words "now you're gone this life goes on" speaks to how after grief life, no matter how harsh it may feel, continues on – It's much deeper than when Basshunter sang his version of those words. The addition of the female vocal plays the role of a harsh yet integral stage of overcoming trying times. It also holds the most emotional vocal takes I've ever recorded. Full of emotion.
"It's about being accountable for all the things you do in life..."
It's a reflection on childhood and realising some twenty years later how I have been forever changed by my upbringing and relationship with my father. It's about being accountable for all the things you do in life and having empathy for those who are unable to do so. It hooks you with a simplistic and attitudinal chorus of "oh oh" that will get even an unfamiliar crowd encouraged to participate.
"Even though it wasn't something I would write myself, it fit perfectly..."
This track was one of the first tracks we completed but once recorded something about the chorus just didn't work for me. We were running out of time, it was the final day of recording and there was only a small group of us left. They all quizzed me on the song's meaning and from that our crewmember and good friend Nath came out with the lyric, "Ignite the past and watch it burn." Even though it wasn't something I would write myself, it fit perfectly and encapsulated the meaning of the song as a whole, so it stayed. I'm often quite stubborn when it comes to laying down other people's words but I'm happy I relented on this one.
"Initially this was more of a subdued instrumental track..."
In the midst of the chaos on the album, 'Surviving Life…' offers a more relaxed presence. Initially this was more of a subdued instrumental track but after hearing it back in the studio I felt that it was missing something in order to make it special so we decided to incorporate the chorus line from its partner song, "…And Getting By" to give it some more energy. We all agreed that it really served its purpose in making a subdued instrumental that bit more meaningful and enjoyable.
"That distress and hurt form the motivation to learn from their wrongdoings and history..."
Following on from the previous track, this one is about memories of passed loved ones. How they can be both a source of comfort and happiness but can also cause distress and hurt. That distress and hurt form the motivation to learn from their wrongdoings and history… Well after lashing out and dishing some dirt but we're only human aren't we!? It shares a positive message.
"WMD is pure aggression compressed into one minute and 49 seconds."
The shortest track on the album, WMD is pure aggression compressed into one minute and 49 seconds. A favourite amongst the band, especially Batty, this is a standout track on the album: pure energy, rage and excitement. All a bit of fun in an otherwise very heartfelt and serious album.
"The relationship with my late father was a tumultuous one"
The relationship with my late father was a tumultuous one. This track is all about the betrayal, failure and distrust that regrettably existed between us when he was alive. Ultimately, it serves as a reminder to strive to be a better person, something that I from time to time lose sight of. I'd likely call it the angriest track on the album and I hope that you all can hear that. This one feels very raw to me – full of emotion.
"It's about saying what needs to be said before it's too late..."
It's about saying what needs to be said before it's too late which was something that I was unable to do, but not through lack of effort. I often question whether those words would have accomplished anything but I came to realise that was the manipulation of grief. In grief, we often block out the negativity and don't see the truth – I know that those words would have most likely fallen on deaf ears. It's a song about not glorifying someone in death but preserving who they truly were, just without the resentment. It's something that I had to do during the eulogy. I remember Ryan being very reassuring during this time by letting me know that I kept it true, respectful and told no tall tales.
"Originally shelved for being too "different" or more "old-school OHG" we fought the urge and committed..."
The song that wasn't even meant to be on the album brings it all to a close. Originally shelved for being too "different" or more "oldschool OHG" we fought the urge and committed to including this track and we're very glad we did. This was the perfect track to close such an emotional album, to us it just felt epic and full of energy. We got everyone together for this one, the entire crew to belt out something of the most emotional words on the album:"…Even though I thought I didn't I still loved you like you loved me." These were words that I spoke at my dad's funeral.
See what the critics are saying
"Don't sleep on their potential, their first full album feels like a band who have created numerous quality albums - a testament to the band's professionalism."
Shawn NeateMetal Review Cast
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With one of the biggest film launches of 2016, Options secured the rights from Universal Studios for an on pack promotion across their full product range using the Bridget Jones' Baby movie.
The competition and partnership was communicated on all Options packs, we created a London skyline design to bring to life the iconic film location. Entry details were placed on fix-a-form stickers directing shoppers to the competition microsite and this was supported with a highly targeted social media campaign.
Options sales experienced a 150% sales volume uplift as a result of the promotion through Tesco, Waitrose and Co-op combined with a 79% online entry rate.


text:
International Property Measurement Standards
The International Property Measurement Standards Coalition (IPMSC) is a group of more than 80 professional and not-for-profit organisations working to develop international standards for measuring property. It was formed during a meeting at the World Bank in Washington in May 2013.
On 26 September 2016, the coalition published the International Property Measurement Standards (IPMS): Residential Buildings, the second in a series of global, open-source standards, the first being the International Property Measurement Standards (IPMS): Office Buildings, published in November 2014.
The coalition intends to develop additional standards for industrial buildings and retail buildings. Other classes of property may also benefit from the development of standards, such as schools, hospitals, hotels and student accommodation.
The standards are intended to establish a consistent approach to measuring buildings, particularly important given the growth of cross-border property investment and the expansion of global corporations.
Research by JLL has revealed that measurement of a property's floor area can vary by as much as 24% depending on the method used. Some methods include lift shafts and communal hallways, others include off-site parking or swimming pools, and so on. The creation of International Property Measurement Standards helps establish a more transparent marketplace, resulting in stronger investor confidence.
Beneficial occupation.
BOMA International.
Case notes for rating valuation (Garton V Hunter).
Choice of method for rating valuation.
Contractor's basis for rating valuation.
Conversion of material volumes.
Gross external area.
Gross internal area.
Measurement.
Metric system.
Net internal area.
Occupant capacity of a building or space.
Profits method of rating valuation.
Rating valuation.
Rental method of rating valuation.
Statutory formulae for rating valuation.
Total useful floor area.
Units.
Retrieved from "https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/International_Property_Measurement_Standards"


Wells Fargo says its contested bid to buy Wachovia will go forward. That's after an appellate court on Sunday overturned a decision to block the merger, MarketWatch reports. Last week, Citigroup struck a deal to buy Wachovia's mortgages four days before Wells Fargo said it was buying the entire company. The appellate court ruling doesn't settle the dispute. The Federal Reserve is reportedly trying to negotiate an arrangement where Wells Fargo and Citgroup would each buy a portion of Wachovia.
Wells Fargo's claim that its deal doesn't depend on government assistance isn't exactly true, the Washington Post reports. An IRS rule change on Tuesday meant to encourage such mergers will allow Wells Fargo to shelter an estimated $74 billion in profits from taxation. Just before the weekend, I spoke with a taxation professor at the University of Minnesota about the IRS rule change for this post.
More Wells Fargo: Just days ago, Wachovia was on the brink of total collapse. So why is it now the object of a legal and bidding war between Citigroup and Wells Fargo? BusinessWeek asks. The financial crisis offers a "once in a lifetime" chance for the largest banks to get "truly huge," one consultant says. That's because federal regulators seem to be ignoring antitrust laws that previously restricted giants like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America from becoming more dominant.


Why is this my grade and how can I change it?
How is your final grade determined?
emphasis on the most recent level of learning for each goal - what do you know right now?
Your level of understanding across all skills and concepts is then used to determine your overall grade for the class.
Note - Often, a grade of an F indicates that the student has not demonstrated understanding of at least one learning goal because they have not completed the tasks or assessments needed to show any level of understanding.
I failed or got a really low grade earlier in the year, is it too late?
Better late than never - it is important for what we are learning to always try to improve, even on older concepts.
If you improve your understanding throughout the year, then your grade will reflect that and your earlier report card grades will be updated.
Example: Qtr 1-F, Qtr 2-C, Qtr 3-C, Qtr 4-B --> all grades (Q1, Q2, Q3) will be changed to a B.
Mrs. Smith will request a grade change and provide evidence of your improvement all concepts to justify the request.
how do i show understanding of a new skill?
Am I ready to test my proficiency on a skill for the first time?
I AM BELOW A LEVEL 2 ON A CONCEPT AND MY GRADE IS A D OR F, WHAT DO I DO?
Make sure you completed PRACTICE tasks.
Tasks that demonstrated understanding will receive a 2 on the learning scale and will have a check next to them in the module: review, revise, and resubmit until you reach this goal.
I HAVE AT LEAST A 2 ON ALL CONCEPTS AND MY GRADE IS A C, WHAT DO I DO?
Complete the DEMONSTRATION OF UNDERSTANDING task.
Make sure that earn a 3 on DEMONSTRATION OF UNDERSTANDING tasks: review, revise, and resubmit until you reach this goal.
I HAVE AT LEAST A 2.5 ON ALL CONCEPTS, AND MY GRADE IS A B, WHAT DO I DO?
listening activities uploaded to practice section; make sure that you earn at least a 3 on this task: review, revise, and resubmit until you reach this goal.
upload audio of you speaking the language to the demonstration of understanding or practice sections; make sure that you earn a 4 on this task: review, revise, and resubmit until you reach this goal.
demonstrate ability to use the concept to communicate with Mrs. Smith; make sure that you earn at least a 3 on this task: review and try again until you reach this goal.
I AM A LEVEL 3 OR ABOVE on all concepts, What is my next step?
If you have demonstrated a high level of proficiency, take the time to periodically review the skills in preparation for future assessments and to make sure the learning sticks.


When is the Billing Support department open?
Hours and contact information are available on the contact page.
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text:
Muslims Out of Australia!
E-mail quotes statements from Australian government officials about Sharia law and Muslim extremists.
David Mikkelson
Claim: Article compiles statements from Australian government officials about Sharia law and Muslim extremists.
[Collected via e-mail, 2005]
CANBERRA AUSTRALIA: Muslims who want to live under Islamic Sharia law were told on Wednesday to get out of Australia, as the government targeted radicals in a bid to head off potential terror attacks. A day after a group of mainstream Muslim leaders pledged loyalty to Australia at a special meeting with Prime Minister John Howard, he and his ministers made it clear that extremists would face a crackdown.
Treasurer Peter Costello, seen as heir apparent to Howard, hinted that some radical clerics could be asked to leave the country if they did not accept that australia was a secular state and its laws were made by parliament. "If those are not your values, if you want a country which has Sharia law or a theocratic state, then Australia is not for you," he said on national television. "I'd be saying to clerics who are teaching that there are two laws governing people in Australia, one the Australian law and another the Islamic law, that is false.
If you can't agree with parliamentary law, independent courts, democracy, and would prefer Sharia law and have the opportunity to go to other country which practices it, perhaps, then, that's a better option," Costello said. Asked whether he meant radical clerics would be forced to leave, he said those with dual citizenship could possibly be asked to move to the other country.
Education Minister Brendan Nelson later told reporters that Muslims who did not want to accept local values should "clear off". "Basically, people who don't want to be Australians, and they don't want to live by Australian values and understand them, well then they can basically clear off," he said. Separately, Howard angered some Australian Muslims on Wednesday by saying he supported spy agencies monitoring the nation's mosques.
Variations: A January 2008 variant combined elements of this piece with a 2001 editorial about immigrants written by a U.S. Air Force veteran, creating the misleading impression that the hybrid version reflected a speech given by Australian prime minister John Howard. A February 2009 variant attributed the entire combined version to Kevin Rudd, who succeeded John Howard as Australia's prime minister in 2007, and a 2010 variant attributed elements of both to Julia Gillard, who succeeded Kevin Rudd in June 2010.
Origins: The July 2005 London Tube bombings raised domestic terrorism concerns in countries with large immigrant Muslim populations, such as Australia. The following month, Australian prime minister John Howard held a two-hour summit with moderate Muslim leaders in Canberra to work on a national strategy for addressing intolerance and the promotion of violence, during which issues such as the curriculum of Islamic schools and suggested measures for vetting imams were discussed. The Christian Science Monitor noted of the event:
As other governments have found, however, deciding who represents the Muslim community can be a delicate matter. Large sections of the youth, as well as conservative and more critical clerics, have been left out of Howard's summit — meaning some of the government's more aggressive proposals may meet resistance.
But the groups who attended the meeting hailed it as a successful first step in an ongoing dialogue.
"We determined along with the prime minister that there must be more communication between the government and Islamic schools where it comes to teaching common values like democracy, fairness, tolerance and so on, and radicals will be reacted to, whenever they make inflammatory
remarks," says Ali Roude, the acting president of the New South Wales Islamic Council.
"It's much worse for us now, because 7/7 showed the world that the enemy is to be found within" instead of 9/11 when the terrorists were all foreigners [said the spokesperson for Lebanese Muslims in Australia]. "Now they are suspicious of all of us, and it's very serious, but the prime minister is only playing politics."
But some Muslims here have a growing sense that they are being defined within the media by the voices of the extremists, and that an intervention by the government and moderate Muslims to counter such elements would be useful.
"So far it was OK to do your own thing. But if the media is focusing on the extreme elements, we need to do something about it," says Chabaan Omran, a senior member of the Federation of Australian Students and Youth, an organization that gives religious advice and teaching to young people. "Muslims need to interact more with mainstream Australia."
This might sit well with recent calls from ordinary Australians asking Muslims to assimilate. But Mr. Omran is worried about the connotations of the word "assimilate," and talks more of "positive integration without undermining our religion."
Prime Minister Howard also publicly announced his intent to have Australian intelligence agencies target mosques and Islamic schools in an effort to "stamp out homegrown terrorism and extremists":
Prime Minister John Howard said on top of trying to promote Australian values in Islamic schools, the Government would monitor what was said in certain schools and mosques to ensure they did not foster terrorism.
Asked whether he was prepared to "get inside" mosques and schools to ensure there was no support for terrorism, Mr Howard was blunt.
"Yes, to the extent necessary," Mr Howard told Southern Cross radio.
"I have no desire and nor is it the Government's intention to interfere in any way with the freedom or practice of religion.
"We have a right to know whether there is, within any section of the Islamic community, a preaching of the virtues of terrorism, whether any comfort or harbour is given to terrorism within that community."
The issue of the integration of Muslims into Australian society prompted controversial remarks by some Australian cabinet ministers, such as this exchange between Treasurer Peter Costello and host Tony Jones on the Lateline television news program on 23 August 2005:
TONY JONES: Now, over the past 24 hours you've been repeating the notion that migrants, evidently Islamic migrants, who don't like Australia, or Australian values, should think of packing up and moving to another country. Is that a fair assessment?
PETER COSTELLO: What I've said is that this is a country, which is founded on a democracy. According to our Constitution, we have a secular state. Our laws are made by the Australian Parliament. If those are not your values, if you want a country which has Sharia law or a theocratic state, then Australia is not for you. This is not the kind of country where you would feel comfortable if you were opposed to democracy, parliamentary law, independent courts and so I would say to people who don't feel comfortable with those values there might be other countries where they'd feel more comfortable with their own values or beliefs.
TONY JONES: It sounds like you're inviting Muslims who don't want to integrate to go to another country. Is it as simple as that?
PETER COSTELLO: No. I'm saying if you are thinking of coming to Australia, you ought to know what Australian values are.
TONY JONES: But what about if you're already here and you don't want to integrate?
PETER COSTELLO: Well, I'll come to that in a moment. But there are some clerics who have been quoted as saying they recognise two laws. They recognise Australian law and Sharia law. There's only one law in Australia, it's the Australian law. For those coming to Australia, I think we ought to be very clear about that. We expect them to recognise only one law and to observe it.
Now, for those who are born in Australia, I'd make the same point. This is a country which has a Constitution. Under its Constitution, the state is secular. Under its constitution, the law is made by the parliament. Under its Constitution, it's enforced by the judiciary. These are Australian values and they're not going to change and we would expect people, when they come to Australia or if they are born in Australia, to respect those values.
TONY JONES: I take it that if you're a dual citizen and you have the opportunity to leave and you don't like Australian values, you're encouraging them to go away; is that right?
PETER COSTELLO: Well, if you can't agree with parliamentary law, independent courts, democracy and would prefer Sharia law and have the opportunity to go to another country which practises it, perhaps then that's a better option.
TONY JONES: But isn't this the sort of thing you hear in pubs, the meaningless populism you hear on talkback radio? Essentially, the argument is if you don't like it here, you should go back home.
PETER COSTELLO: No. Essentially, the argument is Australia expects its citizens to abide by core beliefs — democracy, the rule of law, the independent judiciary, independent liberty. You see, Tony, when you come to Australia and you go to take out Australian citizenship you either swear on oath or make an affirmation that you respect Australia's democracy and its values. That's what we ask of people that come to Australia and if they don't, then it's very clear that this is not the country — if they can't live with them — whose values they can't share. Well, there might be another country where their values can be shared.
TONY JONES: Who exactly are you aiming this at? Are you aiming it at young Muslims who don't want to integrate or are you aiming it at clerics like Sheikh Omran or Abu Bakr both from Melbourne?
PETER COSTELLO: I'd be saying to clerics who are teaching that there are two laws governing people in Australia, one the Australian law and another the Islamic law, that that is false. It's not the situation in Australia. It's not the situation under our Constitution. There's only one law in Australia. It's the law that's made by the Parliament of Australia and enforced by our courts. There's no second law. There's only one law that applies in Australia and Australia expects its citizens to observe it.
Likewise, Education minister Dr. Brendan Nelson offered his opinion that those who do not accept and teach Australian values should leave the country:
Dr Nelson says those who do not accept and teach Australian values should "clear off".
One of the recommendations at Prime Minister John Howard's terrorism summit was for Islamic schools to be encouraged to denounce extremism and teach about Australian traditions and culture.
The Minister says it is important for all groups to be integrated into the Australian community, whatever their religion.
"If you want to be an Australian, if you want to raise your children in Australia, we fully expect those children to be taught and to accept Australian values and beliefs," he said.
"We want them to understand our history and our culture, the extent to which we believe in mateship and giving another person a fair go, and basically if people don't want to support and accept and adopt and teach Australian values then, they should clear off."
The individual statements attributed to Australian government officials included in the e-mail reproduced at the head of this page are thus essentially accurate, but the selectively-quoted excerpts of controversial material from different news stories create the misleading overall impression that Australia enacted a formal policy to force some Muslim groups out of the country. The statements quoted were part of the public debate over an issue that flared briefly in the immediate aftermath of the London Tube bombings, then quietly subsided.
Subsequent versions of this item have been altered to replace the names of out-of-office politicians with their modern counterparts (e.g., Kevin Rudd for John Howard, Julia Gillard for Kevin Rudd), thereby attributing words and thoughts to people who did not express them.
Kremmer, Janaki. "Australia Meets with Muslim Leaders to Root Out Extremism."
The Christian Science Monitor. 25 August 2005 (p. 11).
Osborne, Paul. "Feds Plan to Target Mosques."
Geelong Advertiser. 25 August 2005.
ABC News Online. "Minister Tells Muslims: Accept Aussie Values or 'Clear Off'."
24 August 2005.
ASP Article