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Asian Collections at the Library of Congress: An Overview
Asian American Pacific Islander Collection
Japanese Collection
Korean Collection
Mongolian Collection
South Asian Collection
Southeast Asian Collection
Tibetan Collection
Asian Studies: Ask a Librarian
Rare Materials Notice: All of the materials in the AAPI collection are only accessible in the Asian Reading Room by advance appointment. To schedule an appointment, please contact our reference staff via the Ask a Librarian service.
James Miho, a Japanese American graphic artist's conceptual diaries on display at the Asian Reading Room. Library of Congress Asian Division. View the bibliographic record in the Library of Congress Online Catalog.
The Asian Division houses the Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) collection, which comprises a number of individual collections pertaining to notable Asian American authors, scholars, activists, and artists, among others. Each of these collections contains unique material, such as correspondence, manuscript drafts, diaries, photographs, organizational records, interviews, and speeches. Much of the material is in English, although some material is in Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Tagalog, and other Pacific Islander, South Asian, and Southeast Asian languages.
The AAPI collection was established in the Asian Division in 2007 after receiving a mandate and annual appropriation from Congress. The collection was developed after a survey of collections in the Library of Congress delineated AAPI primary and reference sources housed in multiple divisions. Researchers may continue to access the AAPI collection in the Library's Asian Reading Room. Currently, the Asian Division is not accepting additional items for the AAPI collection.
For additional AAPI materials at the Library of Congress, see Asian American and Pacific Islander Materials: A Resource Guide.
Selected AAPI Collections at the Library
The 27 collections listed below comprise the larger AAPI collection. The collection titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content, including finding aids for the collections, are included when available.
Arturo G. Pacho collection, 1945-2007 (bulk 1994-2005)
Call Number: AAPI584978
Articles, correspondence, thesis, publications, memorandums, meeting notes, agendas, brochures, programs, flyers, newsletters, newspaper clippings, organizational articles and bylaws, pamphlets, photographs, cassettes, and other research material are arranged according to Pacho's work with Filipino American organizations and career as an author and educator. Subjects include Chinese-Filipinos, the Chinese in Southeast Asia, education, Filipino Americans, Filipino American educators, Filipino American social services and organizations, immigration, naturalization, and the Tagalog language.
Asian American Pacific Islander miscellaneous community collection, 1906-2013
Manuscripts, speeches, symposium papers, theater scripts, correspondence, organizational papers, unpublished master theses, pamphlets, photographs, community newsletters, yearbooks, directories, reports, theater playbills, and other documents pertaining to Asian American and Pacific Islander communities that were collected by the AAPI Librarian from 2007-2013. Material relates chiefly to Asian American assimilation, education, exclusion laws, history, identity, immigration, performing arts, theater, social conditions, social life and customs, heritage schools, and student activism. Also includes subjects such as Boat People from Vietnam, Asian American studies, Asian adoptees, Japanese internment during World War II, Chinatowns, and Chinese American churches.
Asian Pacific Americans in Congress oral history collection, 2003-2011
Collection primarily consists of oral history interviews relating to the United States Capitol Historical Society and the Heritage Series' oral history project featuring Asian Pacific Americans in Congress. From 2006-2008, oral history interviews were conducted by Ronald A. Sarasin, President of the United States Capitol Historical Society, with members of Congress Daniel Akaka, Mike Honda, Daniel Inouye, Doris Matsui, Norman Mineta, and David Wu. The oral histories were designed to capture and preserve the diverse history of Asian Pacific American Congressional leaders. Topics include congressional careers and legislation, impact of World War II, internment, and legacy. Collection also includes print or digitized published transcripts, unpublished verbatim transcripts, photographs, production material, correspondence, press releases, newspaper clippings, title and question cards, research material including biographies of interviewees, and other documents. There are also Quick Time video files, digital photographs, and other material relating to the 2007 and 2008 Youth Forum on Asian Pacific Americans in Public Service on 3 CD-R discs and videotaped portions of the forum on 4 Mini-DV and 4 DVCPro cassettes. The collection also includes 2 CD-R discs consisting of the oral history project office files from the United States Capital Historical Society.
Betty Lee Sung collection, 1860-2013
Correspondence, speeches, writings, articles by Sung and others, newspaper clippings, printed matter, photographs, and other papers relating chiefly to Sung's career as an author and sociologist. Subjects include Asian American women, Chinese Americans, Chinese American families, Chinese American history, and intermarriage.
Carlene Sobrino Bonnivier papers, 1956-2012 (bulk 1994-2012)
Script, notes, notebooks, correspondence, and other material related to plays and novels by Bonnivier. Subjects include Filipino American communities and culture, Filipinotown in San Francisco, and the eviction of Filipino American tenants at the International Hotel in San Francisco.
Christine Toy Johnson collection, 2008-2011
Material relates chiefly to Johnson's career as a playwright, actress, and motion picture director. Subjects include Asian Americans, ethnic identity, and theater.
Dori Jones Yang collection, 2009-2011
Transcripts, a publication, and three video discs containing transcripts, oral history interviews, and digitized photographs of thirty-five Chinese immigrants to the United States during the early twentieth century for Yang's book Voices of the Second Wave: Chinese Americans in Seattle. Topics for these interviews include immigration experience, higher education and politics in China during the twentieth century, and life in the United States and Seattle, Washington.
E. San Juan papers, 1989-2010 (bulk 1996-2009)
Collection material relates chiefly to E. San Juan's writings on Filipino diaspora, Filipino Americans, and race and cultural studies. Topics include Filipino American social conditions, ethnic identity, and history.
Esther K. Chae collection, 2005-2010
Scripts, correspondence, photographs, press kit, flyers, programs, and articles related to the play conceived, written, and performed by Chae entitled So the Arrow Flies. Subjects include Asian American theater, Korean Americans, family relationships, and national identity.
Jade Snow Wong collection, 1940-2006 (bulk 1950-1975)
Collection material relates chiefly to Wong's autobiography and writings on Chinese American social life and customs and ethnic identity.
James N. Miho conceptual diaries and other papers, 1960-2008 (bulk 1990-2008)
Conceptual diaries from 1975-2002, lecture notes, photographs, correspondence, videos, posters, and other ephemera related to Miho's career as a graphic designer and design instructor influenced by the Bauhaus era.
Jeanne Sakata collection, 1942-2010 (bulk 2007-2010)
Correspondence, published and unpublished scripts, transcripts of oral history interviews, articles, essays, DVDs, flyers, programs, and research material relating to the struggles of Japanese American Gordan Hirabayashi during World War II for Sakata's play Dawn's Light: The Journey of Gordan Hirabayashi. The play was eventually re-titled Hold These Truths. Subjects include Asian American theater and the civil rights and internment of Japanese Americans, particularly Gordan Hirabayashi, during World War II.
Joey P. Manlapaz collection, 1970-2011
Correspondence, a Master's thesis, articles about Manlapaz, programs, flyers, fellowship applications, commissioned projects, photographs, and other documents related to Manlapaz's career as a realist painter and educator in the Washington, D.C. area.
Juanita Tamayo Lott collection, 1939-2011 (bulk 1973-2009)
Manuscripts, speeches, thesis, articles, reports, correspondence, publications, meeting notes, transparencies, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, audio-visual materials, and subject files related to Lott's involvement with Asian American and Pacific Islander communities and career as an author, analyst, demographer, consultant, and statistician. Subjects include Asian American and Pacific Islander communities, history, population, demographic changes, statistics, identity, discrimination, and legislation. Also includes subjects such as Filipino Americans, Filipino American families, multicultural curriculum, racial classification, immigration to the United States, race relations in the United States, women, and student movements.
Katherine Moy Chin collection, 1915-2010
Collection includes transcribed oral history interview along with a cassette tape relating to the family histories, careers, and community involvement of Katherine Moy Chin and her husband, Calvin Chin. Donna R. Omata conducted the oral history interview in 2009 with Katherine Moy Chin. Collection also includes photographs, articles, programs, brochures, awards, and other documents pertaining to the Chins involvement with the Chinese American community in Baltimore, Maryland. Subjects include Chinese Americans and Chinese American history.
Lani Montreal collection, 1994-2009
Scripts, flyers, articles, DVD, programs, and photographs related to Montreal's career as a playwright, actress, and teacher. Subjects include Asian American theater, ethnic identity, and family relationships.
Lia Chang theater portfolio collection, 1989-2011
Programs, playbills, newspaper articles, and other documents relating to Asian American theaters. Also includes Chang's photographs of theater production rehearsals and other material pertaining to her career as an actress, journalist, and photographer.
Mei-Ling Hopgood collection, 1973-2010 (bulk 1973-1974)
Collection material relates to Hopgood's publication about her experience as an Asian adoptee from Taiwan to the United States. Subjects include adopted children, families in the United States and Taiwan, and intercountry adoption.
Organization of Pan Asian American Women records, 1983-1995
Minutes, newsletters, reports, directories, organizational history, pamphlets, and other records of the Organization of Pan Asian American Women. Subjects include Asian American and Pacific Islander women, policies affecting Asian American and Pacific Islander women, leadership, employment, and women's health.
Philip Kan Gotanda papers, 1948-2012 (bulk 2004-2012)
Correspondence, drafts of plays, articles, reviews, study guides, programs, awards, posters, costume sketches, and other papers related to plays written by Gotanda between 2004 and 2012. Subjects include Asian American communities and issues such as identity, family, gender and masculinity, marriage, orientalism, and transnationalism. Topics include conjoined twins, Japanese American internment during World War II, refugees of a post-apocalyptic universe, war, and war brides. Also includes material pertaining to Japantown in San Francisco, Calif. and the original Siamese twins.
Philippine Cultural Society of the George Washington University collection, 1986-2008
Correspondence, newsletters published by the organization, early record of the organization's logo, constitution, event programs and flyers, photographs, Filipino Intercollegiate Networking Dialogue (FIND) related documents, and other records documenting the student organization and its activities.
QBD Ink Theater collection, 1977-2011
Scripts, publicity and production material, programs, newspaper clippings, and photographs relating to the community theater's productions and activities. Subjects include Asian American theater and Filipino American history and social life and customs.
Rick A. Shiomi collection, 1982-2006
Scripts of produced and unproduced plays written by Shiomi between 1982 and 2006 including the topics of Asian Adoptees, Asian American identity, Asian American social life and customs, Asian American theater, Asian folktales, family relationships, Japanese Internment in Canada during World War II, Japantown in Vancouver, and Taiko drumming.
Royal F. Morales collection, 1930-2001 (bulk 1970-2000)
Collection material relates to Morales' career as a social worker and author. Subjects include ethnic identity and mental health among Asian Americans, Asian American youth, and Southeast Asian refugees.
Sarah K. Joaquin collection, 1950-2007
Collection material relates chiefly to Joaquin's career as a theatrical director and performer in the Philippines and the United States. Subjects include Asian American theater and Filipino social life and customs.
Soham Mehta collection, 1973-2012
Scripts, notes, articles, flyers, photographs, and other material related to Mehta's filmmaking career and interest in documenting the South Asian American experience. Subjects include Asian American theater, South Asian American ethnic identity, and South Asian American social life and customs.
Velina Hasu Houston collection, 1911-2013 (bulk 1990-2011)
Articles, awards, books, correspondence, drafts, flyers, librettos, newspaper clippings, novels, plays, poetry, programs, screen plays, speeches, and subject files documenting Houston's career and interests in the subjects of adopted children, Amerasians, Asian American drama and theater, discrimination, family relations, gender, identity, interracial marriages in the United States, racially mixed people, racism, immigration, and the life and customs of war brides in the United States.
<< Previous: Tibetan Collection
Last Updated: Jan 25, 2023 12:24 PM
URL: https://guides.loc.gov/asian-collections
Subjects: Asian Studies


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Russ Sifers of Sifers Valomilk Candy Cups
In Their Own Words	by Susan Pagani 12/10/2009 12/11/2009
Courtesy of Russ Sifer
We discovered Sifers Valomilk candy cups whilst buying fishing licenses at a general store in Highlandville, Iowa. A member of our party spied the unfamiliar label in the candy section and — after accidentally squishing the contents — decided to purchase a couple packages. Serendipity, it turns out. The driftless region is popular in the fall. The streams get crowded and, for an out-of-towner, the trout map is almost unintelligible, so finding a peaceful spot can be a challenge. After a lot of wandering, we pulled over to gawk at a shallow stream — twisting, lazy, and forbidden, through a private cow pasture and back into the woods — and to have a much needed snack. Valomilks, we discovered, are a surprisingly delicious combination of milk chocolate and oozing, creamy marshmallow. They reminded of us of a refined Cadbury cream egg, sans yolk.
We returned to the Twin Cities dreaming of Valomilks. Unfortunately, they are not widely available locally, but an Internet search turned up the quirky Kansas City candy company that makes them.
As it happens, Valomilk is not a new candy bar, but the resurrection of one that was created by the Sifers family at the beginning of the last century. Apparently, in 1970 the Sifers sold Valomilk Candy Company in a merger with a company in California. Eleven years later, that company failed, and the factory was shut down and all of its assets sold off.
Russ Sifers had grown up in the factory. His great-grandfather, grandfather, and father had all worked there and, until the merger went awry, he thought he would, too. So, in 1985, when the departing owners offered him his grandfather's old equipment, he decided to buy it up and start making Valomilks the old-fashioned way. Twenty-four years and a few pallets of fan mail later, the company is, if not profitable, solvent. And, it looks like his son David will be the fifth generation of Sifers candy makers.
Here Sifers tells the Heavy Table how he brought the company and the candy back to life and reveals the mystery of both pan-dried egg whites and why you won't find his candy bars on Twin Cities grocers' shelves.
The Valomilk story begins a little like an episode of I love Lucy…
Many things that were created quite by accident turn out to be quite good — Post-it Notes, for instance. A long time ago, we were making penny marshmallow, which is cooked up, cooled on a marble slab, and cut by hand into squares, not what you see extruded today in bags. Marshmallow was flavored with vanilla; in those days, it had high alcohol content. Candy makers were notorious for imbibing of different flavorings because of that alcohol and the story I heard, told to me by my dad, who was a master storyteller, and my uncle, who was a politician — so there's two things you would question — but corroborated by my grandmother, who spoke nothing but the gospel, that it was Tommy Henry invented Valomilks, or at least the creamy flowing marshmallow, quite by accident while he was making penny marshmallow. Whether he was drunk or not… my grandmother said, "I don't know if Mr. Henry ever took a drink."
So, the way my dad would tell it, Tommy got drunk and screwed up a batch of marshmallow, and we've being making it wrong ever since. At that time, we were also making boxed chocolates. So my grandfather figured he'd put chocolate in a cup, scoop some of the ruined marshmallow into it, and put chocolate on top. In later days, they were hand-dipped, and today we use depositors, which are well over a half-century old, to make the candy cups.
What is a depositor?
Depositors are machines that were built in 1951. Number one, the depositor shoots chocolate into a paper cup, then it goes to the next stage in the production line, where it blows air into the cup, which forces the chocolate up the sides of the cup, then it goes to depositor number two, which squirts in the creamy, flowing marshmallow center, then that goes through a long cooling tunnel, and then the third depositor puts on the chocolate top.
"This photo is from around World War II. It shows candy makers hand dipping the Valomilk centers in chocolate and then putting the mess into paper cups in molds for it to cool down before being hand wrapped." / Courtesy of Russ Sifers
At that point, the employees will pick up a tray, which will have 30 cups in it, and they have to shake it by hand to get the chocolate to completely cover the top of the cup.
I'm sure that other companies have higher technology to probably produce same thing, but we continue to use my grandfather's equipment, production process, and original 1931 recipes.
Now, I understand depositor is a bit of a step back in time for the company, which was bought and modernized in the '70s, right?
That merger didn't last long and it didn't go well. We had an absentee owner that bought us out because he had more money, but the whole thing fell apart — my dad left about four years in and I stayed for 10 years.
In 1981, the Valomilk Candy Company was shut down in Kansas City and sat idle. The owner in Los Angeles took all the high-speed stainless steel equipment and tried to find buyer for the my grandfather's — and probably my great-grandfather's — equipment, but it was so old back then that nobody wanted it.
So when the owner sold the old building, a four-story on the edge of Kansas City, he called me: "Hey, we're going to sell this building, we gotta get all that junky equipment out of there." So I went down to take a look; it was my grandfather and great-grandfather's old copper kettle, gas-fired cookers, and mixers.
At the same time, there was a local talk show doing a segment on old-time candy. Once they got to Valomilks, people were calling in for the next hour. I thought, Wow, I didn't know Valomilks were so important to people.
I looked at that and thought, Well, I might be able to make Valomilks the way my grandfather did, not the way I did. My wife said: "What else are you going to do with the rest of your life?"
So, I quit my job at in management at General Motors and went to work in production, on the night shift. And spent my days resurrecting the Valomilk Candy Company; it took a good two years to accomplish that.
That was in 1987. My dad had died the year before.
Did he get to taste any of your chocolates?
My dad was very excited when I joined General Motors. He said, "They'll take good care of you." I'm a little bit too rebellious, being a child of the '60s, to want to be taken care of. Plus, I didn't fit in there; I had radical concepts in management and they didn't.
But just before he died, I sent him some samples of handmade Valomilks that we were going to try at a chocolate festival in Kansas City. My dad's advice had been, If you bring Valomilks back, make them the best you know how, with the best ingredients, and don't worry about the cost.
He never did see the company up and running, but after he died we went to clean out his house in Sun City, AR, and on the table he had saved one of the handmade Valomilks under a Mason jar. I kind of think he knew what I was going to do.
How about the ingredients?
I took it to heart and researched to find the best ingredients. My dad tried to help me. He said, "Russ, you need to get pan-dried egg whites."
I said, "Dad, Monarch Egg albumin here in Kansas City, it's the finest they make."
He said, "Nope, that's not good enough, in the old days we used pan-dried egg whites."
I'm afraid I don't know what that is…
Well, let me tell you. In modern days, eggs are separated by machinery in a centrifuge and then spray dried, but what happens is that, because it is a mechanical production, you can still get some yolk in with the whites.
Pan-dried egg whites are done by hand, slow and tedious. I had studied that in candy technology school, but I didn't think anyone did it any more.
Somebody suggested the American Institute of Baking. Where are they? This is before the Internet, remember, so I called Kansas State — it's an agricultural school — and they said, "Oh you want the AIB? I'll patch your right over; it's here at the campus."
Three people later: "Oh yeah, there's one company that makes 'em and they're in Oskaloosa, Iowa." They mostly ship it to Europe, but they said they'd send me some.
The cost was 53 percent more than spray-dried. Are they 53 percent better? I don't know about that, but they're the best in the world.
How'd you get a hold of the old Valomilk recipe?
Well, remember, I worked there for 10 years. Straight out of college, I went to Ambrosia Chocolate in Milwaukee and learned to make chocolate hands-on, then went over to Madison, WI, to the school of candy technology. So, I knew the recipe, but the one I had was for stainless steel high-speed automated equipment, continuous production.
We were going to be using copper kettles and Hobart mixers; we were setting candy making technology way back half a century. Most of our equipment is from the '20s, '30s, '40s, and '50s. I needed the original 1931 recipe.
I asked my dad. He gave it to me and I wrote it down. Then I asked my Uncle Burr and he gave it to me — but they were off just a little. So I called my dad: "Yours has a little less water; Burr's has a little more."
"Oh," he said, "Burr gave the winter recipe and I gave you the summer."
Well, sure you did, I thought. When you do it by hand, there is a difference. In the winter, the marshmallow got stiff and people started complaining about it not running down their chin, and I thought, Well darn it, dad wasn't lying. When it's dry, you need more water.
I learned the art of massaging the recipe as the seasons go.
How many people do you have working for you now?
We have a total of 10 — two in the office, eight in the factory.
How does that compare to its size in the '70s?
Well, actually the most employees must have been before and during World War II. The Valomilks were hand-dipped and wrapped in those ancient days. My mentor, Dave Denton, started off as a salesman, but during the war was called out of the field to work in the factory because my dad and uncle went to war. Dave had already served and was too old, so he came in to work in the factory, and he told me there were 150 employees.
How many Valomilks do you make a day?
We make just under 10,000 packages a day, which is probably what Hershey and Nestle do in an hour.
We bring our ingredients in every day and whatever we produce tomorrow will ship tomorrow. So those Valomilks will be two to three days old when they get to their destinations. The big candy companies freak out on that; they can't do that.
Do you eat Valomilks?
Yes, but I limit myself. When I was 6 years old, I wanted to be a running back like my father, 6-feet tall, 200 pounds. I surpassed one of those goals a long time ago, and I'm not any taller than when I got out of college at 5-feet 9-inches tall. So, I eat one cup each batch.
I've been eating them virtually all my life. I can taste the difference between one made today versus last week or a month ago — you can just taste the vanilla. Well I can, I don't think a consumer would.
Will you ever distribute to the Twin Cities?
We do deliver to the Twin Cities — you can find us at Cracker Barrel Old Country Store. [Editor's note: Valomilks are also available at the newly opened Sugar Sugar in South Minneapolis.]
Otherwise, we don't have a distributor there, but we also don't have one in Chicago or Dallas. Trying to get into the bigger cities is difficult. We were in one of the grocery distributors for a while, but sometimes people want a slotting fee, which can be tens of thousands of dollars to put one product in their warehouse.
For the big companies that's chump change; it might be my entire profit for the whole year. Even in Kansas City, it would cost us $25,000 to get into the grocery stores, but we've been here forever, so we're grandfathered.
We look for niche markets, country stores and hardware stores. Cracker Barrel has been a good fit for us.
So, you've been making Valomilks for a while now. Any regrets?
General Motors, that was exciting. I can claim that in my life I've worked at the largest corporation in the world — or what was, at the time, the largest — and for the smallest.
When we started, we had no employees. I relied on friends, family, and people from church. I'd cook the chocolate on Friday, volunteers would come in on Saturday, and we'd put the chocolate and marshmallow in cups, and after church on Sundays people would help us wrap it and I'd deliver it on Monday.
No one was paid, except in what fell on the floor.
You know, I could have retired at General Motors — or so I thought at the time — but I think I have an obligation to bring it back. Not just to restore the family name, but because people do care about our candy. Online surveys tell us that about 60 percent of the people who buy Valomilk remember it as a childhood favorite. You should hear the stories people tell us, heartbreaking.
One guy said his grandfather used to take him out on the lake. When the fish weren't biting, he'd open up his tackle box and pull out a couple of Valomilks and say, "Well, maybe this will change our luck."
Valomilks are so nostalgic. Sometimes I say we're not in the business of making candy, we're memory makers. So, it's a calling really.
Around here, we also like to say: We make Valomilks, not money. On the other hand, we're also debt free, and that's more than I can say for a few car companies and a bunch of banks.
So, no — no regrets.
candy barchocolateKansas CitymarshmallowRuss SifersSifers Valomilk
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Julia	 on 12/10/2009 at 12:46 PM
Thank you so much for this! I discovered Valomilk a few years ago after Steve Almond's book Candyfreak came out. They are so delicious! I wish they were closer to me than Lakeville.
Jessica	 on 12/10/2009 at 1:28 PM
What a wonderful article. I've never had a Valomilk, and the idea of flowing marshmallow is a bit frightening, but the story is fascinating. Thank you!
Jeanne	 on 12/10/2009 at 2:32 PM
Sugar Sugar at 38th & Grand in Minneapolis has Valomilks (just don't ask me how I know)…
Nancy B	 on 12/11/2009 at 12:21 PM
Great interview! A little bitty grocery by me sells them; outside of a itty bitty town. I realize now how fortunate we are to be able to buy them!
I'll start buying them more often now, since I know the history…
Bob S.	 on 12/11/2009 at 1:39 PM
If you like this story, I'd highly recommend Candyfreak mentioned by Julia above. It's a great read about the history of obscure candies like Valomilk.
I've yet to try them but hope to get down to Sugar Sugar and pick some up.
Russ Sifers	 on 12/11/2009 at 6:23 PM
Joni from Sugar Sugar e-mailed me today and said they are stocked with VALOMILKS so go see them at Sugar Sugar for the VALOMILK experience.
Russ Sifers
Kelly	 on 12/22/2009 at 10:16 PM
Fantastic story! I'd love to see pictures of all the Sifers – holding their Valomilk packages!
Richard @ The Bewildered Brit	 on 12/27/2009 at 9:28 PM
Great article! Valomilk is one of *the* all-time great candies. Kelly–there's some great archival pics (and at least one of Russ Sifer) on the valomilk website: http://www.valomilk.com
Laura W.	 on 01/09/2010 at 6:28 PM
Picked up a valomilk at Sugar Sugar today. I think I might have to declare it my favorite candy. Thank goodness they didn't ruin it with coconut like the mallo cups.
Lisa K. 3/21/2010 at 8:06 PM	 on 03/21/2010 at 8:10 PM
My brother and I were talking about the Valomilk candy bars we use to purchase years ago and he was saying he has not seen around in a long time and that they were so delicious. Well I was at Gander Mountain and low and behold they had some for sale and i bought four of them. I will have to give my brother 2 of them. They are very good just wish they were available in more stores.
Liz S.	 on 08/30/2010 at 12:57 PM
LOVE Valomilk!!! Thanks for the article.
When I lived in Robbinsdale, I would find my source of Valomilk at Gold Medal Convenience Store
3606 Lake Drive Ave N
Robbinsdale, MN 55422-1437
Hopefully they still carry some of the old stuff. I haven't been there for about a year.
Team Roster	 on 10/29/2010 at 6:59 PM
Best you should edit the post title Russ Sifers of Sifers Valomilk Candy Cups | The Heavy Table – Minneapolis-St. Paul and Upper Midwest Food Magazine and Blog to more suited for your webpage you make. I loved the the writing yet.
ron frye	 on 01/05/2012 at 8:23 PM
I live in Indianapolis, Indiana I am 76 years young. I love Valomilks although Ihave not seen one for several years. But I remember eating a substitute a few years back, but I can't remember the name. Any clues at to where I might find one or maybe a dozen. I just remembered (it was called a malocup)similar but not as good, too messy.
Susan	 on 01/06/2012 at 9:59 AM
You can find Valomilks at your local Cracker Barrel stores. There seem to be quite a few in your general area:
http://crackerbarrel.com/locations-and-hours/closest-cracker-barrel?form=locator_search&locationAddress=Indianapolis
Good luck! Susan
Joan Thill	 on 08/05/2013 at 9:25 PM
I love valomilks. They are hard to find around here. I live in a small town, Madison KS, it is 20 miles south of Emporia KS. One store there carried them but I bought all they had & they have never replaced them. I would like to buy them online but do not know where to or
Susan	 on 08/06/2013 at 12:31 PM
Hi Joan,
Valomilks are available online: http://www.valomilk.com/candy/where
Carole Laughary	 on 04/27/2014 at 10:07 PM
Just saw the TV show featuring Valomilk candy. I have never had it but my husband, who was born and raised in Wichita, Kansas, had it quite often as a child. Thanks for bringing him all those good memories.
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Please note that this auction is for the mount only, the camera in the pictures is not included.


text:
Q: How to print the initials with awk I have this input text file:
Pedro Paulo da Silva
22 years old
Brazil

Bruce Mackenzie
30 years old
United States of America

Lee Dong In
26 years old
South Korea

The name of the person is always the first line of the file (and the first line after the empty line /n).
I have to do this output (ignoring everything except the names in the first lines):
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

Don't know how to do that with awk. I just know that awk 'print {$number}' will grab the column $number and that's how I'm supposed to grab their names.
I've searched here and found this: sed -e 's/$/ /' -e 's/\([^ ]\)[^ ]* /\1/g' -e 's/^ *//'
But I have to use awk.

A: Would you please try the following:
awk -v RS="" -F '\n' '                  # records are separated on blank lines by setting RS to null
{
    n = split($1, b, " ")               # split the name on spaces
    init = b[1]                         # the first name
    for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)            # loop over the remaining
        init = init substr(b[i], 1, 1)  # append the initial
    print init
}' input.txt

Output:
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

A: $ cat input
Pedro Paulo da Silva
22 years old
Brazil

Bruce Mackenzie
30 years old
United States of America

Lee Dong In
26 years old
South Korea
$ awk '!a{ printf "%s", $1;
            for( i = 2; i <= NF; i++ ) printf("%c", $i);
            printf "\n"; a=1}
        /^$/{a=0}' input
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

A: With your shown samples, please try following once.
awk '
!NF{
  count=0
  next
}
++count==1{
  printf("%s%s",$1,NF==1?ORS:"")
  for(i=2;i<=NF;i++){
    printf("%s%s",substr($i,1,1),i==NF?ORS:"")
  }
}' Input_file

Explanation: Adding detailed explanation for above.
awk '                               ##Starting awk program from here.
!NF{                                ##Checking if line is empty then do following.
  count=0                           ##Setting count to 0 here.
  next                              ##next will skip all further statements from here.
}
++count==1{                         ##Checking condition if count is 1 then do following.
  printf("%s%s",$1,NF==1?ORS:"")    ##Using printf to print $1 followed by new line OR nothing.
  for(i=2;i<=NF;i++){               ##Starting a for loop here.
    printf("%s%s",substr($i,1,1),i==NF?ORS:"") ##Using printf to print sub string of current line from field 2 to last field of line and printing only 1st character of line.
  }
}' Input_file                       ##Mentioning Input_file name here.

A: I would use GNU AWK for this task following way, let file.txt content be
Pedro Paulo da Silva
22 years old
Brazil

Bruce Mackenzie
30 years old
United States of America

Lee Dong In
26 years old
South Korea

then
awk '{if(prevline==""){print gensub(/ ([[:alpha:]])[[:alpha:]]+/, "\\1", "g")};prevline=$0}' file.txt

output
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

Explanation: there are two things to do, first select which lines to print, then change their content into initials. For first I check if previous line (prevline) is empty string, GNU AWK if variable was not set earlier treat it as empty string for comparison with another string, so condition is meet for first line, then after processing each line I set prevline to line content ($0) so in next turn it does hold previous line. For conversion into initials I harness gensub function - I instruct AWK to replace space-letter-letters using letter and print such changed line.
(tested in gawk 4.2.1)

A: You can try this:
awk -F ' ' 'BEGIN {X = 1} NR == X{print $1 substr($2, 1, 1) substr($3, 1, 1) substr($4, 1, 1); X += 4}'

A: Another potential option is:
awk '/[0-9]/{print p} {p=$1 substr($2, 1, 1) substr($3, 1, 1) substr($4, 1, 1) substr($5, 1, 1)}' file

A: Another variation with a mix from the existing answers.
awk '{
  if (!x) {                      # Variable x is empty at the start or set to empty line
    res=$1                       # Set res to field 1
    for(i=2; i<=NF;i++) {        # Loop the rest of the fields starting at field 2
      res = res substr($i, 1, 1) # Concat the first char from each field with res
    }
    print res
  }
  x=$0                           # Set x variable to the value of the current line
}
' file

Output
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

A: With GNU awk in paragraph mode and using gensub() function you can get it:
awk 'BEGIN {RS = ""; FS = "\n"} {print gensub(/([[:space:]])([[:alpha:]]{1})([^[:space:]+])+/,"\\2","g",$1)}' file
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

A: Yet another. It turned out a bit like @WilliamPursell's, though (++):
$ awk '!p{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)printf (i==1?"%s%s":"%c%s"),$i,(i==NF?ORS:"")}{p=NF}' file

Output:
PedroPdS
BruceM
LeeDI

"Explained":
$ awk '
!p {                                                   # if previous record empty
    for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)                                 # process record for ...
        printf (i==1?"%s%s":"%c%s"),$i,(i==NF?ORS:"")  # ... output
}
{ p=NF }' file                                         # store field count

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
require 'rubygems'
require '../lib/xanthan'
include Xanthan

host = Host.connect("https://10.0.0.20", "root", "somepasswordhere")
link = host.get_link

#needs to be a UUID of a current snapshot
snapshot_uuid = "60bdf52e-119a-3bcb-1d10-69a2cf6d7193"
VM.create_new_from_snapshot(link, snapshot_uuid, "myVMFromSnapshot")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Talk:Passive income
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This article is within the scope of WikiProject Finance & Investment, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of articles related to Finance and Investment on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.Finance & InvestmentWikipedia:WikiProject Finance & InvestmentTemplate:WikiProject Finance & InvestmentFinance & Investment articles
1 This page needs major rewriting
2 Distinction between residual income and other passive income
3 HYIPs
4 Removed advertisement from page
5 Redirect
6 There is no mention that passive income comes from ownership of something
7 What about recurring commission from salesmen?
8 Residuals
9 Passive Income
10 Book royalties
11 Examples
This page needs major rewritingEdit
Specifically, the material after the "contents" box should be removed. "Passive income" is a legal and tax concept, not a social category or get-rich scheme! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.227.153.158 (talk) 04:41, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
Distinction between residual income and other passive incomeEdit
In your example, you stated that we could generate passive income from "Interest Income paid from bank deposits. Rental income from real estate/property. Royalties from writing a book."
There needs to be some distinction between residual income and other passive income. While investment "doesn't require work" (it's money making money) most royalty kinds of work does. The schedule of work is just different. The ultimate sales of a book represents compensation for the work that went into creating it, paid out as the value is extracted rather than during the activity of creation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.92.11.130 (talk) 16:43, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
HYIPsEdit
Now, there are HYIPs, Auto Surf programs, Online Mutual Fund, Online Investment and all these programs are running online.
Note: HYIP stands for High Yield Investment Program
Could we consider these programs as passive income generator?
Wow, I think that's really pushing the edge e.g. if someone's job is to watch over a fully automated process ("push this button if that red light ever comes on" ala Homer Simpson) but the process is so good they never do anything, is their salary "passive income"? For the purpose of this article? No. But maybe you could ask the IRS (if you're in the US, maybe they'd give you a private letter ruling) or your local tax authority (are you in India?). Whatever you find out could make an interesting section on Autosurf (or maybe even Click fraud) Ewlyahoocom 10:38, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
Removed advertisement from pageEdit
Removed more advertisements from this page. Links to blogs full of ads promoting networking marketing schemes are not appropriate on Wikipedia. 70.228.80.78 (talk) 21:27, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
RedirectEdit
Residual income redirects to this page. That term is also a financial performance metric, which compares income to expected return on investment capital. Perhaps that term should have a disambiguation page? Dukeofwulf (talk) 18:42, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
Agreed, there is definitely a difference between "residual income" as a financial performance metric and as it is commonly used to describe a passivle investment. A disambiguaton page is certainly warranted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.237.190.25 (talk) 21:11, 3 February 2010 (UTC)
There is no mention that passive income comes from ownership of somethingEdit
The article only mentions "rent" without specifying it's income from sources not requiring salaried or hourly work. But, "rent" is not collectable or receivable without a ownership. Shouldn't the correlation between ownership and passive income be discussed? E.g., someone who owns and works at a business has both active and passive income. The active income is the owner's managament salary. The passive income is the profit of the business which the owner receives. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.243.106.85 (talk) 23:24, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
What about recurring commission from salesmen?Edit
e.g. commissions payable on Life or Motor Assurance policies to the salesman for the duration that the client pays premiums on these policies? Nonnb (talk) 09:00, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
ResidualsEdit
If "residuals" (which actually do not match the subsidiary description there) are actually called "passive income", needs a source and another section, as it doesn't resemble the main definition. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 07:59, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
Passive IncomeEdit
So does this mean the Mutual Funds can be considered as passive income?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jenar5 (talk • contribs) 05:25, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
no i don't think they are Delahoyao (talk) 15:27, 11 April 2018 (UTC)
Book royaltiesEdit
Aren't passive income, according to this admittedly unreliable source: http://taxesforwriters.com/are-royalties-passive-income/ Accordingly, I've removed 'publishing a book' from the examples section, pending clarification and further research by someone who's more knowledgeable than me in this field. Meticulo (talk) 03:25, 22 October 2016 (UTC)
ExamplesEdit
maybe we should edit out the examples of non passive income and have a more detailed examples of passive income ?
-Royalties paid for intellectual property such as music, books, manuscripts, computer software, or a patent;
-Earnings from internet advertisements on websites;[5]
-Dividend and interest income in the form of cash flow or capital gains from owning securities and commodities, such as stocks, currencies, gold, silver, ETFs, and bonds, is usually referred to as portfolio income, which may or may not be considered a form of passive income. In the United States, portfolio income is considered a different type of income than passive income;
The U.S. IRS has a specific definition of passive income that excludes some of the incomes listed above.[6][7] Royalties for example, are, according to the Service guide, generally non-passive in nature. Additionally, interest, dividends, annuities, and gains from stocks and bonds, lottery winnings, salaries, wages, commissions, retirement income, guaranteed payments for services are considered by the IRS to be non-passive.[2][8]
yes Delahoyao (talk) 15:26, 11 April 2018 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Passive_income&oldid=835917502"
Return to "Passive income" page.


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text:
Torridge one of best councils to work for
Published: 10:31 AM February 27, 2010
TORRIDGE District Council has been named as one of the best to work for in the country. The achievement follows a staff survey conducted by Best Companies, which put Torridge as top council in the South West and sixth overall. Council leader James Morrish
TORRIDGE District Council has been named as one of the best to work for in the country.
The achievement follows a staff survey conducted by Best Companies, which put Torridge as top council in the South West and sixth overall.
Council leader James Morrish said: "In 2003 Torridge was not only a poor authority, but also one where staff were unhappy and, as a result, services suffered. Since then a positive people strategy has progressively addressed some long standing pay issues and personnel processes. Over the past year, in particular, the focus has been on developing the skills and capabilities of our team and this was realised when Torridge was recognised as an Investor in People towards the end of 2009."
The Council's head of human resources, John Edwards, added: "The survey confirms what we already knew, that staff are really committed to providing excellent services. In turn, the council will continue to adopt a very positive approach towards its employees, supporting them so that they can continue to develop themselves for the benefit of local people".