text:
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How to Attract Men and Money: How to Marry the Right Man and Help Your
Husband a Fortune
Publisher: SOUND WISDOM
Imprint: SOUND WISDOM
By Rosa Lee Hill, By Napoleon Hill
Price: AUD $26.99
Stock: 0 in stock
Availability: Book will be despatched upon release.
Local release date: 01/04/2022
Format: Paperback (229.00mm X 152.00mm) 288 pages Weight: 0g
Categories: Health & personal development [V]Self-help & personal development [VS]Advice on careers & achieving success [VSC]
With intentionality and insight, any woman can find the man of her dreams and partner with him to build a harmonious, intellectually stimulating, and even profitable union. First published in 1940, How to Attract Men and Money is a guidebook on how women can get exactly what they want in life. Rosa Lee Hill and her husband Napoleon Hill, author of the classic Think and Grow Rich, combine to produce a dynamic manifesto on the laws of success for women. More fulfilling relationships? Greater romance? Heightened success? All of these riches can be yours when you learn to control your thoughts and form enriching habits. Do not let the provocative title of this book prevent you from accessing the power, influence, and freedom it promises to help you unlock. Whether single or married, dating or divorced, you will benefit from greater self-knowledge and an enhanced understanding of the men in your life, including the best way to inspire personal growth in them. The philosophy taught here applies not just to marriage but to all aspects of life, as you will learn: How to fashion a positive, magnetic personality The art of stimulating conversation The difference between self-discipline and self-control--and why it matters How to create harmony in the household, in relationships, and within the self How to cultivate personal charm by embracing the elements that make you uniquely you And much more! This book is much more than a manual on how to find, win, and keep the man of your dreams; it is a detailed system for living your most authentic, abundant life. For this reason, a one-time reading of it will not suffice. It is something that has to be studied and earnestly applied. Each time you return to these pages, you will develop more of the technique--and uncover more of the power--to gain the treasures of life which you seek.
Rosa Lee Hill (nee Beeland) was born on December 16, 1905, in Harriman, Tennessee. Known for her exceptional beauty and keen intelligence, Rosa Lee distinguished herself early in life. By 1930, she was working as a secretary in advertising and had completed two years of business school. At the young age of 15, she identified the qualities she desired in a husband, though she would not find them embodied in one man until she met Napoleon Hill at the age of 28. The two fell madly in love and were married, living and working together in a powerhouse union. It was Rosa Lee who typed and later edited Think and Grow Rich. Rosa Lee was a remarkable woman who eventually joined the Women's Auxiliary Corps during World War II as an aviation cadet, worked as the chief associate editor for Popular Mechanic's Magazine in the 1950s, and later served with the Peace Corps in Micronesia. Napoleon Hill was born in 1883 in a one-room cabin on the Pound River in Wise County, Virginia. He began his writing career at age 13 as a "mountain reporter" for small town newspapers and went on to become America's most beloved motivational author. Hill passed away in November 1970 after a long and successful career writing, teaching, and lecturing about the principles of success. Dr. Hill's work stands as a monument to individual achievement and is the cornerstone of modern motivation. His book, Think and Grow Rich, is the all-time bestseller in the field. Hill established the Foundation as a nonprofit educational institution whose mission is to perpetuate his philosophy of leadership, self-motivation, and individual achievement. His books, audio cassettes, videotapes, and other motivational products are made available to you as a service of the Foundation so that you may build your own library of personal achievement materials...and help you acquire financial wealth and the true riches of life.
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Possible exposures occurred during procedures when a specialized endoscope is inserted down the throat to diagnose and treat pancreatic and bile duct diseases.
Hospitals across the United States have reported exposures from the same type of medical equipment in recent years, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has said it was working with other government agencies and manufacturers of the scopes to minimize risks to patients.
"The two scopes involved with the infection were immediately removed, and UCLA is now utilizing a decontamination process that goes above a and beyond manufacturer and national standards," it said in the statement.
Superbug infections are difficult to treat because some of the bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the germs could contribute to death in up to 50 percent of infected patients.
Tags: Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), superbug, UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center.
perhaps we will never know until its to late.
Resistance to bactriums is purely down to the doctors handing these drugs out as if they are sweets and failing to impress on the muppets they prescribed them to that they had to take the entire course.
Now one of the most powerful tools they had to fight REAL infections (as distinct to colds) looks like it is of no further use.


Flatbush got their share from the new XD40 order. They were entitled to 48 buses. 7615-7662 is 48.
9504 is currently at the Allison Service Center in NJ.
Current remaining RTS assignments as of 03/13/2019: East New York (22) - 4924-25, 4932, 4934, 4936-37, 4943, 4986-87, 5009, 5012-13, 5016-5018, 5023-24, 5040, 5062-63, 5065. Note: 4932, 4934 and 5009 are swing buses. Jamaica (36) - 4901-02, 4904, 4907-4908, 4913, 4915-4917, 4974, 4977, 5031, 5033-34, 5069-70, 5127, 5132-33, 5135, 5151, 5154, 5157, 5160, 5163-67, 5180-81, 5191, 5197-98, 5200 Flatbush (48) - 4947-48, 4950, 4952-54, 4958-59, 4962, 4964, 4995, 4997, 5030, 5036, 5038, 5042-5045, 5048-49, 5051-5056, 5058-59, 5066-67, 5125-26, 5130, 5138-40, 5142-44, 5147, 5149, 5171-74, 5179, 5209 Ulmer Park - (36) - 4988-89, 4992-94, 4996, 5005-5008, 5011, 5071, 5075, 5078-81, 5083-85, 5090, 5092-94, 5103-5108, 5112, 5115, 5117, 5119-20, 5123 Michael J. Quill - (25) - 5158, 5213-14, 5216-5222, 5224-5227, 5234-5241, 5243, 5247 Total to date: 167 units, 164 in revenue service. Current remaining D60HF assignments as of 03/13/2019: Kingsbridge (15) - 101, 117-119, 121-122, 127, 5659, 5673, 5685-86, 5696, 5762, 5767-68 Gun Hill ( 6 ) - 5709, 5713, 5723, 5733, 5742-43 West Farms (13) - 135, 138, 5614, 5631, 5676-77, 5683, 5693, 5712, 5734, 5738, 5764-65 Tuskegee Airmen ( 6 ) - 110, 111, 5608, 5618, 5642, 5714 Total to date: 40 units. Enjoy!
It is to my understanding that it got scrapped in 2012.
Incorrect. 9307 and 9348 are the only remaining units.
9307 is remaining at LGA, not 9302.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


February 7, 2011 – Bryant Park Capital is pleased to announce that Frankford Candy & Chocolate Co., Inc. ("Frankford Candy' or the "Company") has sold its business operations and real estate assets to Frankford Candy LLC, a company formed by the Management Team and a Strategic Partner. Frankford Candy, based in Philadelphia, is the nation's leading supplier of licensed confectionary products, marketing under some of the most nationally recognizable brands and characters. The terms of the transaction were not disclosed. Bryant Park Capital acted as exclusive financial advisor to Frankford Candy & Chocolate Co., Inc. in connection with this transaction. Bryant Park Capital CEO Joel Magerman and Managing Director Dan Pickens led the transaction.


Waterproofing Direct is committed to providing you with the best possible customer service experience. Waterproofing Direct is bound by the Privacy Act 1988 (the Privacy Act), which sets out a number of principles concerning the privacy of individuals.
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The personal identifiable information by you will only be used for the purposes for which it was collected. We will not disclose your personal information to a third party unrelated to the delivery of your purchase.
Your registration and ordering detail are saved, making re-ording from us easy! .
We may occasionally hire other companies to provide services on our behalf, including but not limited to handling customer support enquiries, processing transactions or customer freight shipping. Those companies will be permitted to obtain only the personal information they need to deliver the service. Waterproofing Direct takes reasonable steps to ensure that these organisations are bound by confidentiality and privacy obligations in relation to the protection of your personal information.
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Bmw 1999 3 Series. bmw 3 series touring e46 1999 2000 2001 autoevolution. bmw 3 series coupe e46 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003. 1999 bmw 3 series e46 pictures information and specs. bmw 3 series coupe e46 specs photos 1999 2000 2001. 1999 bmw 3 series partsopen. bmw 3 series touring e46 specs 1999 2000 2001. 1999 bmw 3 series pictures cargurus. bmw 3 series 320d 1999 auto images and specification. bmw 3 series 328i 1999 auto images and specification. bmw 3 series 323i 1999 auto images and specification. [Dinarjat.com].


From the Earth to the Moon is a stunning masterpiece that captures the triumph of a defining moment in the history of the world: Humankind's arrival to, short exploration of, and return from, it's planetary neighbor the Moon.
Tom Hanks brought together actors, writers, directors, producers, and composers of the highest caliber to deliver an accurate, outstanding, hard hitting film.
From the Earth to the Moon is a 12 hour movie spanning the United States involvement in the space race from the first man in space in 1961 to the last lunar landing in 1972. The movie teaches, gives insights, paints portraits of real people, and is simply fascinating.
The stories told in From the Earth to the Moon are inspiring, captivating, funny, thrilling, and heartbreaking. The true stories are absolutely unforgettable, stories of the men, women, and machines of the Apollo era.
All the stories presented in the film are special, and one that touched me was the story of Apollo 7. With the tragedy of Apollo 1, the movie reveals how Apollo 7 and its crew were America's last chance to make it happen. The movie beautifully presents the pressure Wally Shirra, his crew, and NASA were under before the lift-off of Apollo 7. Had Apollo 7 failed, the space program certainly would have stopped and the world would have never experienced Apollo 11's lunar landing.
The live footage shown from the Apollo 7 lift-off is awesome and spectacular. Generations from now will watch Apollo 7's lift-off to be amazed that humans could achieve such an engineering and technical marvel and scholars will debate in awe how the political, social, and economic environments of the time made such an event possible.
After viewing the entire movie, I was struck with sense of sadness. The Apollo program seemed to allow people's ideas to flourish and pull together around one common goal. That goal, of landing a man on the moon, was noble and exciting. It drew on man's positive strengths to explore, learn, move forward, and better the human condition. Someday, mankind must again reach for the stars.
From the Earth to the Moon will stay with you for a long, long time.


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Total Pancreatectomy
Traditional vs. Robotic Whipple Surgery
Traditional vs. Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy
Traditional vs. Robotic Total Pancreatectomy
Robotic Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer
Your Pancreatic Cancer Specialists
Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
In some cases, radiation therapy is an option for addressing pancreatic cancer, a complex malignancy that can be challenging to treat. Because each patient is unique, a physician will evaluate many factors to determine whether radiation therapy should be considered. Although it is often used to treat exocrine pancreatic tumors, it is typically not used to treat pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In the latter situation, however, it may be helpful for pain management if the cancer has metastasized to bone.
Radiation therapy may be a treatment option for pancreatic cancer patients.
How is radiation therapy used to treat pancreatic cancer?
Radiation therapy can be used to address a pancreatic tumor in several ways:
As a standalone treatment
If a pancreatic tumor is unresectable (cannot be surgically removed) and the patient is not a candidate for chemotherapy, radiation therapy may be administered on its own. In that scenario, the goal of treatment may be to prevent tumor growth, reduce the pain associated with the tumor or control bleeding caused by pancreatic cancer that has spread to the stomach or bowel.
In combination with chemotherapy
Certain chemotherapy drugs can be used as radiosensitizers to make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. As such, those pharmaceutical agents may be administered before radiation therapy to enhance its effects and accelerate the resulting DNA damage to pancreatic cancer cells.
Before or after surgery
Radiation therapy may be administered before surgery to shrink a tumor and make it easier (or possible) to remove. It may also be administered after a pancreatic tumor has been surgically removed to target and destroy residual cancer cells and help prevent a recurrence.
What types of radiation therapy can be used to treat pancreatic cancer?
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is the most common form of radiation therapy used to address pancreatic cancer. EBRT involves the use of an external machine (linear accelerator), which produces high-energy waves and directs them through the patient's skin to a tumor site. In addition to standard EBRT, other types of EBRT include:
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)
A highly precise and intense form of radiation therapy, SBRT may be considered for an otherwise healthy patient who has a small pancreatic tumor that has not spread beyond the pancreas. The treatment, which involves the delivery of narrow beams of high-dose radiation to a well-defined tumor, is usually administered over the course of five days. As compared to SBRT, standard EBRT involves a wider beam of lower-dose radiation administered over a longer period of time (typically five to six weeks).
While receiving SBRT, the patient must remain completely still to minimize the radiation exposure to healthy tissues and maximize the effectiveness of the treatment. Because a pancreatic tumor may shift as the patient breathes, SBRT may involve the use of special techniques or equipment to track the movement of the tumor and activate the radiation beam only when the tumor is in a certain position. Toward that end, small metallic "markers" may be endoscopically implanted near the tumor before SBRT begins. The patient may also be asked to hold his or her breath for a few seconds at a time or outfitted with a special device that can be worn to keep his or her body still during SBRT.
MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy (MRI-linac)
Designed to achieve heightened precision in the delivery of EBRT, MRI-linac technology combines magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a linear accelerator in a single, powerful device. Guided by high-definition images produced in real time, the linear accelerator tracks the movement of the tumor and continually adjusts the radiation beam as needed. By facilitating simultaneous tumor tracking and treatment delivery, MRI-linac delivers highly accurate radiation therapy.
The latest breakthroughs in radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer
Moffitt Cancer Center offers both traditional and cutting-edge treatment options for pancreatic cancer, including radiation therapy. The multispecialty team in our Gastrointestinal Oncology Program includes oncologists who specialize in treating pancreatic cancer and are experienced in utilizing highly advanced therapies to their highest potential. What's more, as Florida's top cancer hospital, Moffitt has turned the traditional patient care model on its head. Our goal is to help our patients begin treatment right away so they can achieve the best possible outcome and quality of life.
At Moffitt, our patients have access to the latest radiation therapy options, including SBRT and MRI-linac. We also offer longer-course radiation therapy administered through innovative techniques, such as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Our Radiation Oncology Program is accredited by the American College of Radiology, a prestigious distinction held by only a select few cancer centers across the nation.
If you would like more information about how radiation therapy is used for treating pancreatic cancer, you can rapidly connect with a specialist at Moffitt by calling 1-888-663-3488 or completing our new patient registration form online.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


She's baaaaack. If you were following along last summer, you would know that I interned with IBM in sales and had one of the best experiences I could have imagined (check out last summer's posts here). From attending interesting events, to meeting exciting people, to solidifying my love of sales, being an intern in the IBM Summit Program shaped my college experience and prepared me to enter my first, real adult job.
And now here we are, a year later, and I am a full-time Sales Specialist trainee in the Summit Program. The Summit Program is a 6-9 month training program (6 months for non-technical sellers, 9 months for technical sellers) where hires learn about the IBM sales process and get exposure to the wide-ranging portfolio. This is done through a variety of methods including virtual learnings, classroom sessions, role-plays, actual plays (more on that below), and shadowing and assisting opportunities.
For the kickoff, my cohort (Summits start on some different dates throughout the year) headed to IBM's headquarters in Armonk, NY. Although I never actually got INSIDE the headquarters since we were staying in the Learning Center (see the picture above where I'm just happy to stand outside), it was exciting to be so near to the center of the IBM machine. The first two days we were with all new IBM hires, including developers and designers and anyone new to IBM. The following two days were dedicated completely to the Summit Program.
Despite the leaders continually reminding us that we were not on a college campus anymore, you could have fooled me. There were acres of woods with a main building and dining room, as well as smaller buildings with hotel rooms. When I first arrived and settled into my room, I felt first day jitters. What information would I be expected to know? Would all the Summits like each other? Were my outfits for the week good? It felt like the first day of school.
When I went to the main building for dinner on that first day of travel I found out that over 100 of the people who were supposed to be there were delayed because of weather! I ended up meeting some of the Summits from the Manhattan office, who luckily avoided flying, and had the opportunity to dine with my manager. He told us to get ready for some delicious food and that we should expect to gain the Summit 60 just like the Freshman 15. And he wasn't kidding as there was dessert at every meal and a continuous stream of snacks!
The first full day kicked off with paperwork and an introduction to IBM culture. Two inspiring and talented guest speakers came who imparted words of wisdom about starting our IBM careers. The first speaker, Wagner Denuzzo, asked us to think of one word to define our year with IBM and what came to my mind was "bright." To me, this means it will be an interesting, positive, growth driven year as I discover where I fit into the IBM machine (also, wondering if it's awkward to say "IBM machine" since the M in IBM stands for Machines, but we're just going to go with it, especially since I already said it a few paragraphs ago).
Our second speaker, Steven Adler told us the story of how he became a self-proclaimed "information strategist" with IBM and told us that our path with the company is never set. We always have the opportunity to act on our ideas and to advocate for their importance across the organization. We also heard from executives, such as Laura Smith and Lee Pressley. What impressed me was that people in upper level management were willing to come and speak with us, demonstrating the investment and trust that the company puts in us Summits as we join IBM.
Over the course of the first two days we got to play trivia games (cue my competitive nature singing), interact with people from all over the country, and eat that delicious food I mentioned before. My favorite takeaway was when one of our leaders asked us why we think IBM had such trouble in the 90s when the company nearly went under. We were all a bit unsure of how to respond, but she told us it was because the company had become complacent and arrogant. So often we try to hide from our mistakes or act as though problems are not our fault, however IBM recognizes that we must acknowledge where we came from and make changes for the future.
The following two days were Summit focused, where we were taught more about our program and the expectations; my absolute favorite part was unexpected. My manager, Angelo Reid, pulled me aside during one of our breaks and asked if I would like to participate in a play about a day in the life of an IBM salesperson.
"That's right up my alley!" I exclaimed. "You don't know this, but I was an actress as a child" (there's nothing I love quite so much as discussing my early, and short lived theatrical career). "I could tell there was something there," Angelo (a fellow actor!) responded.
The cast got together to read through the script and ended up deciding that it would be helpful to include slides behind us defining all the acronyms that we used. I created the PowerPoint as we read and when we performed the next day, we got rave reviews. A few of my fellow Summits told me that if this whole sales thing doesn't work out, I definitely have a future on the stage. It's nice to have a plan B.
This week I came to the Manhattan office and it was great to be back! My time has been filled with virtual learning, getting reacquainted with IBM tools, and working with my team to prepare for our first sales call for Global Sales School. During the next 6 months of training we will travel to different IBM locations where we will participate in sales role-plays and presentations. To say I am excited and can't wait to get there is barely scratching the surface. I am ecstatic to be in a program that is dedicated to my development.
Since this post has already become longer than originally intended, I will leave it here. The first two weeks of the Summit program have been fantastic, and I intend to continue blogging. As of now, I plan on posting every other week, but depending on how packed a given week is that may change. Be on the lookout for the next installment!


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Eldora é uma cidade localizada no estado americano de Iowa, no Condado de Hardin.

Demografia
Segundo o censo americano de 2000, a sua população era de 3035 habitantes.
Em 2006, foi estimada uma população de 2820, um decréscimo de 215 (-7.1%).

Geografia
De acordo com o United States Census Bureau tem uma área de
11,3 km², dos quais 11,3 km² cobertos por terra e 0,0 km² cobertos por água. Eldora localiza-se a aproximadamente 315 m acima do nível do mar.

Localidades na vizinhança
O diagrama seguinte representa as localidades num raio de 16 km ao redor de Eldora.

Ligações externas

Cidades de Iowa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome to the hardest part of editing in Carmageddon. Although the track textures can be difficult to edit because of the lack of relative control over where the textures may go, editing the actual track charateristics can be more challenging perhaps because of what's involved. In this section, we'll teach you how to add more pedestrians, more (or less) police cars, how to make a city into an snowbound nightmare, and how to make various levels of darknes or fog. The track TXT files also control how much time you begin with at each level of difficulty, how much time you get added for crossing checkpoints, and how many credits you get in bonus for either smashing up your opponents or running over all the pedestrians.
Open the RACES.TXT file to find the name of the track you want to modify. Look for the race name, then below it you'll see the TXTfile associated with it. For example, "Downtown Devestation" uses the CITYC1.TXT file.
in track editing, it's mandatory to have a saved game with a #1 ranking because to modifiy some things you'll need the various coordinates that you can only get by actually driving through the track. Simply choose the track you want to change and while racing, press the "I" key to cause a set of numbers to appear on the screen. The one's you're interested in will be in brackets and will look something like (-2.444,-11.555,3.777).
Open up the associated TXT file in your favorite text editor and look through it. In order, you'll see the intial starting times, completion bonuses, locations of checkpoints and timer increments for crossing each, the names of the various graphics and models used in the race, "funk and groove" which allows the various animations such as the hotel sign and multiplex billboards, the very long pedestrian section, opponent paths, cop starting points, and driving surface modifiers which control how much the vehicle skids on certain surfaces such as grass, dirt, etc.
Simply change the numbers for each "friction" section to affect the vehicle's traction. In the snow city example, we lowered all the friction variables by about .1 to simulate a slightly treacherous drive. Lowering the friction variables even further resulted in something like a bad snowstorm. And lowering even further essentially made driving near impossible. But changing the graphics and traction wouldn't have been enough. To give the appearance of a snow storm, we changed the fogginess.
The horizon section can be found near the top of the TXT file. You'll no doubt notice that some tracks are dark, some are foggy, and some appear "clear." Well, this is where it takes place. By thumbing through other TXT files for other tracks and looking at this same section, you'll find the names of the various horizon PIX. For example, our unmodified TXT file here once said "NYHORIZN.PIX" which is the distant city image seen in some tracks. Since our objective here was to simulate a snowstorm, we changed it to say "none." The next goal was to make the appearance of snow. So, looking further down at the example above, you'l see "depth cue mode" which can be changed to read "dark, fog, or none." And below that you can control the intensity of either fog or darkness, on a scale from 0-10 with 0 being no effect and 10 being heavy. So, in short, to make a city track into a snowy one, we had to change the graphics, the traction characteristics, and make the appearance of a snow storm. In fact, our modification includes several TXT files that increase the slipperiness as well as the thickness of the "snow" for the appearance of going from a light snow to blizzard conditions. All this once again achieved by simply a few modifications.


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May 9/08 | WSJ Further Exposes Chávez's Deep Collaboration with FARC: More From INTERPOL May15th!
More than egg in his face
PMBComment: R.I.P. the feeble efforts by the Venezuelan government to discredit the almost 16,000 documents (approx. 638 GB worth of info gold) found in a series of laptops, hard drives and pen drives found in the camp of deceased FARC leader Raul Reyes, the truth is about to emerge.
On May the 15th, Interpol's Chief will announce in Bogota the results of their excruciatingly detailed analysis of the files, software and hardware involved. While no third government wants to front run the announcement it is understood by all that Interpol will confirm that these computers where not manipulated, that various forensic test prove that they were indeed being used by Mr. Reyes and his cohorts, and that some of the facts contained can be corroborated through other means and sources.
The Wall Street Journal, in a fabulous piece appearing in today's edition (see below), refreshes our memory on the facts and brings to our attention new, as of yet undisclosed, documents that paint a picture of blatant and shameless collaboration of the part not of Mr. Chavez's government, but of Mr. Chavez himself. The deeds of his amoral minister of interior and justice (oxymoron #1) and his head of military intelligence (oxymoron #2) are sure to grace many of the documents likely to be certified next week by Interpol. The picture that will emerge will be crystal clear and palpably criminal. The masks will fall and those who, like OAS Secretary General Insulza, have ridiculously chosen to trivialize the matter will have to move fast and seek cover from ridicule or worse.
What next? Pressure will mount to isolate the regime in Caracas and that will be the right reaction. Hugo Chavez has overplayed his cards and has been caught with half his body in the cookie jar. The people of Venezuela have little to do with the criminal activity of individuals that have obliterated the rule of law and sought the complicity of many the old fashion way: buying it! But once again I stress that a crime that has been proven with the use of high technology deserves to be punished with highly sophisticated sanctions. Facts have to be made available for the world to reach their own conclusion and those who continue to cavort with this indictable regime should be ready to suffer the consequences (i.e. Mr. and Mrs. Kirchner, Joe Kennedy, Bill Delahunt, Danny Glover, and of course Evo, Raul, Rafael and Daniel). Smart and global sanctions and not the usual US-unilateral and knee-jerk espoused by the same folks that have given the Castro's brothers their eternal excuse to oppress.
We are but a few days away from an event many have been expecting, others have been dreading but nobody can ignore without consequences.
Enjoy this revealing WSJ expose and get ready for the real show on May 15th and beyond. PMB
The Wall Street Journal | Page One
Chávez Aided Colombia Rebels, Captured Computer Files Show
By JOSÉ DE CÓRDOBA and JAY SOLOMON
May 9, 2008; Page A1
BOGOTÁ, Colombia -- A cache of controversial computer files closely tying Venezuela's President Hugo Chávez to communist rebels seeking to topple Colombia's government appear to be authentic, U.S. intelligence officials say.
The trove -- found on a dead guerrilla leader's laptops during a military raid in March -- is likely to ratchet up pressure for the U.S. to impose sanctions on one of its most important oil suppliers.
The files that have been made public so far have largely confirmed Mr. Chávez's well-known sympathy for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. But a review by The Wall Street Journal of more than 100 new files from the computers suggests that Venezuela has broader and deeper ties to the FARC than previously known.
These documents indicate Venezuela appears to be making concrete offers to help arm the rebels, possibly with rocket-propelled grenades and ground-to-air missiles. The files suggest that Venezuela offered the FARC the use of one of its ports to receive arms shipments, and that Venezuela raised the prospect of drawing up a joint security plan with the FARC and sought basic training in guerrilla-warfare techniques.
"There is complete agreement in the intelligence community that these documents are what they purport to be," a senior U.S. official said. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence has been sharing its assessments with the White House, this official said.
Washington's stance is likely to hurt Venezuela's already deeply strained relationship with the U.S., its biggest trade partner. It could also add pressure for the U.S. to declare Venezuela a state sponsor of terrorism, alongside Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria, and impose sanctions.
Mr. Chávez has repeatedly said the files were faked by Colombia. "We don't recognize the validity of any of these documents," Bernardo Álvarez, Venezuela's ambassador to the U.S., said in a Wednesday interview. "They are false, and an attempt to discredit the Venezuelan government."
Interpol, the international police organization, has yet to give its view on the files' legitimacy. Colombia asked Interpol to perform an independent forensic analysis, and next week, Interpol Secretary General Ronald Noble is scheduled to travel to Colombia to present the findings.
Mr. Noble declined to comment on Interpol's conclusions. He said Interpol hasn't yet briefed foreign governments on its findings. "Anyone who has told you that Interpol has informed him about our findings has given you false information," he said.
Cross-Border Raid
The computer files hint at the depth of Mr. Chávez's antipathy towards the U.S., which he often describes as an "empire" oppressing Latin America. According to one document, Venezuela's interior minister, Ramón Rodríguez Chacin, last November asked the FARC to train Venezuela's military in nuts-and-bolts guerrilla tactics -- including "operational tactics, explosives, ... jungle camps, ambushes, logistics, mobility" -- so that soldiers would be prepared to fight a guerrilla war if the U.S. were to invade Venezuela.
The documents are among more than 10,000 files that Colombian intelligence services say came from three computers belonging to Raúl Reyes, the FARC's former second-in-command. Mr. Reyes was killed in March when Colombia's military staged a contentious cross-border raid into Ecuador, where he was camped.
The FARC itself has suggested the files are fake. A FARC statement published on the Web site of Venezuela's Information Ministry ridiculed Colombia's claims about the computer files, saying computers couldn't have survived the Colombian army attack "even if they had been bullet-proof."
A senior staffer in the U.S. Senate, who had been briefed on the contents of the files, cautioned that Mr. Chávez is known for his bombast, and that while tantalizing, the information in the files would need careful corroboration before action is taken against Venezuela. "We need to see proof of what is mentioned in the reports," the staffer said.
There have been some recent indications that the computers contain accurate information. Police in Costa Rica staged a successful raid on a home belonging to alleged FARC sympathizers, and recovered $480,000 in cash, guided by information from the documents suggesting the money would be located there.
In addition, Ecuador's interior minister confirmed that he had met with Mr. Reyes, after an email describing the previously secret meeting was found on the laptops and made public by Colombia.
The FARC, which has been fighting for control of Colombia for nearly a half-century, funds itself mostly through drug trafficking and kidnapping for ransom. The U.S. considers it to be one of the world's main cocaine suppliers.
The FARC is considered a terrorist organization by the U.S., Canada, Colombia and the European Union. For the U.S., any group that deliberately attacks civilians for political reasons merits such a designation. With troop strength estimated at around 9,000 fighters, that would make the FARC Latin America's oldest and largest such group.
However, Colombia's neighbors, including Venezuela, Ecuador and Brazil, don't consider the FARC to be a terrorist organization. Indeed, Mr. Chávez has hailed the group as brother revolutionaries. He has thrown Venezuela's weight behind an effort to remove the FARC from terrorist lists and instead grant the group diplomatic recognition as a "belligerent army."
According to the senior U.S. intelligence official, the Colombian government delivered "thousands" of the controversial documents to Washington in March. Since then, American technical experts have studied them for signs of forgery and to assess whether they correspond to the methods the FARC typically uses to communicate.
"There are no indications whatsoever that they've been fabricated by the Colombians," the official said.
The official said that the most troubling information in the files suggested the FARC's willingness to purchase virtually any type of weapon from any source. The official said Mr. Chávez's government has increasingly been willing to help the FARC reach international buyers. The official cited the FARC's particular desire to acquire surface-to-air missiles, although he said there weren't any signs of the guerrilla movement succeeding.
The FARC Situation
During a speech Wednesday on Latin American relations, President Bush brought up the FARC situation. "Colombia faces a hostile and anti-American neighbor in Venezuela, where the regime has forged an alliance with Cuba, collaborated with FARC terrorists, and provided sanctuary to FARC units."
According to a study last week from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, sanctions against Venezuela could backfire if done poorly. The U.S. would need to rally significant regional support or risk that sanctions become "counterproductive" by stirring nationalist or anti-U.S. sentiments.
Venezuela has mounted a vigorous diplomatic offensive to block any move by the U.S. to declare the nation a terrorism sponsor. Such a declaration would prompt U.S. economic sanctions, disrupt $50 billion in annual bilateral trade and jolt the already jittery global oil market, since Venezuela is a major oil producer.
In a speech last month in New York, Mr. Álvarez, Venezuela's ambassador, warned the U.S. would pay a heavy economic price if it made any such move. "There will be very grave economic consequences," Mr. Álvarez said, adding that some 230,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs depend on U.S. exports to Venezuela, which in turn sends some 1.58 million barrels of oil daily to the U.S.
The documents suggest Mr. Chávez is personally involved in helping the guerrillas. In a September 2007 message to the FARC's ruling body, a commander wrote: "Chávez is studying our documents and has said that just like Fidel [Castro] has decided to delegate his other responsibilities to concentrate on the Venezuelan situation, he [Chávez] is ready to do the same to dedicate more time to Colombia."
Colombia has long accused Venezuela of letting the FARC operate on its side of the border, allegations the Venezuelans have denied. But according to one 2005 email, from Jorge Briceño (known as Mono Jojoy, a top FARC military commander), the rebels at that time had some 370 guerrillas and urban sympathizers operating inside Venezuela.
Getting 'Rockets'
One email, apparently sent by a FARC commander known as "Timochenko" to the guerrillas' ruling body in March 2007, describes meetings with Venezuelan naval-intelligence officers who offer the FARC assistance in getting "rockets." The Venezuelans also offer to help a FARC guerrilla travel to the Middle East to learn how to use the rockets.
Colombian military analysts believe the reference is to shoulder-fired antiaircraft missiles, a weapon that the guerrillas desperately need if they hope to blunt Colombia's recent gains. "The FARC realizes that its military problem is air power," says Gen. Oscar Naranjo, who heads the country's national police.
In another email dated early 2007, FARC commander Iván Márquez describes meetings with the Venezuelan military's intelligence chief, Gen. Hugo Carvajal, and another Venezuelan officer to talk about "finances, arms and border policy." Mr. Márquez relates that the Venezuelans will provide the guerrillas some 20 "very powerful bazookas," which Colombian military officials believe is a reference to rocket-propelled grenade launchers.
An officer reached at Gen. Carvajal's office said the general was the only person authorized to comment and he couldn't be reached because he was traveling.
At the meeting with Gen. Carvajal, another Venezuelan general is described as offering the port of Maracaibo to facilitate arms shipments to the guerrillas. The general suggests piggybacking on shipments from Russia -- from which Venezuela itself is buying everything from Kalashnikovs to jet fighters -- to "include some containers destined to the FARC" with various arms for the guerrillas' own use.
A spokesman at the Russian embassy in Washington declined to comment.
The proposals to obtain weaponry are part of a broad program of economic and political support for the FARC from Mr. Chávez's government, some of which was detailed in emails that were made public in the days just after the cross-border military raid that yielded the computer files.
Another email describes a November meeting between two FARC commanders and Mr. Chávez. The commanders, Ricardo Granda and Iván Márquez, report back in the email that Mr. Chávez gave orders to create "rest areas" and hospital zones for the guerrillas to use on the Venezuelan side of the border.
Many documents talk about how to fit generous offers of Venezuelan aid to the FARC's long-term "strategic plan" of taking power in Colombia. In one document dated January 2007, one top FARC commander speaks of a "loan" for $250 million to buy arms which the FARC will pay back once it has reached power. "Don't think of it as a loan, think of it as solidarity," says Mr. Rodríguez Chacin, the interior minister, in another document.
Mr. Rodríguez Chacin's press office didn't respond to a request for comment. Earlier this week, he dismissed Colombian newspaper reports that Interpol had confirmed that the computer documents were authentic, according to an Interior Ministry press release. "Imagine somebody taking [evidence] home and manipulating it as he wants, and afterwards presenting it," he said. "What court in the world will accept that evidence?"
While the documents indicate that the FARC is appreciative of Venezuela's efforts, privately the guerrillas occasionally make fun of the Venezuelans' work habits. "It hasn't been easy for us to adapt to the way of being of the Venezuelans," complains Mr. Reyes in one document. "It doesn't seem as if they are conscious of their boring lack of formality." Mr. Chávez "always leaves things until the last moment."
--David Gauthier-Villars in Paris and David Crawford in Berlin contributed to this article.
Write to Jay Solomon at jay.solomon@wsj.com1


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text:
Moam's
Art Discourse & Critique
Trip & Travel
Chusa Jeong-Hee Kim_his life and art
A Series of 'In-jeong-hyang-tu'
Dasom
History
Brief History
The Mo-am collection is one of the important art collections in Korea. The origin of the collection goes back to 1801. Mr. Don-woo Lee (1801 – 1884) (or Mr. Don-young Lee), the former minister of the Cho-sun Dynasty (Korea), started to collect the paintings and calligraphy. Mr. Don-woo Lee taught and trained his grand cousins Mr. Min-eui Lee (1838 – 1892) and Mr. Tae-eui Lee (1842 – 1904). Mr. Min-eui Lee passed the higher civil service examination and planned to serve in as a higher government officer. However, he broke his wish to be an officer due to the abrupt death of his cousin, Mr. Ki-jong Lee. Mr. Ki-jong Lee, Mr. Don-woo Lee's grandson, passed the higher civil service examination in 1875. He was appointed the governor of the Jeonla Province. Instead, Mr. Min-eui Lee and his brother, Mr. Tae-eui Lee set up their house and family on the firm financial foundations and became passionate collectors of Korean art. Mr. Tae-eui Lee collected many important works, including the replica calligraphy by Seng Kim (711 – 791), the folding screen by Geong Yun (1629 – 1714), the folding screen (8 panels of grape paintings) by Gae-ho Lee (17th century), the folding screen by Wui Shin (1769 – 1847), several works, including two folding screens, by Gwang-sa Lee (1705 – 1777), and so forth. Mr. Tae-eui Lee passed down his instruction and philosophy to his grandson, Mr. Kang-ho Lee (1899 – 1982).
The fundamental philosophy and academic background of Lee's family was strongly based on the doctrines of Neo-Confucianism and Yangming Wang (Yang-myung-hak). Naturally, many numbers of the Lee family were scholars in the school of Chosun Sil-hak (So-ron). Mr. Min-eui Lee (1838 – 1892) and his brother Mr. Tae-eui Lee (1842 – 1904) were passionate collectors of Korean classical paintings and calligraphy. Mr. Tae-eui Lee's grandson, Mr. Kang-ho Lee who inherited and expanded the collection, was a specialist in Korean painting and calligraphy. In 1945, when Mr. In-bo Jeong (1893 – 1950) met Mr. Kang-ho Lee and they discussed some classical Korean paintings and calligraphy, Mr. In-bo Jeong (or In-bo Chung) was deeply impressed by the knowledge and philosophy of Mr. Kang-ho Lee. Hence, right after the event, Mr. In-bo Jeong presented ten panels of a folding screen (his calligraphy), which expressed his respect and contained the pen name 'Mo-un', to Mr. Kang-ho Lee. Mr. Kang-ho Lee was also an enthusiastic collector of Korean art. His son, Mr. Young-jae Lee (1930 - ), has spent more than 50 years studying Korean art, and he has added to the collection that he inherited from his father, Mr. Kang-ho Lee. The collection is very carefully compiled. As a result of mainly two generations' worth of a passionate collecting, the Moam Collection's works include national Korean treasures, such as the Real Relics of Great Taewi (Korean National Treasure No.585; Bequest of SAMSUNG FOUNDATION OF CULTURE at present), and works of Yong Lee, Hee-meng Kang, Sun Chung (or Sun Jeong), Sa-jeong Shim, Chung-hee Kim, and many others. Especially, the collection preserves the best art collection of Chung-Hee Kim (Jeong-Hui Kim), the most renowned Korean scholar-based artist. Even though the Mo-am collection lost a huge part of the collection during the 1960s, the collection still contains nearly a thousand art works, including Korean classical paintings, calligraphy, books, a small number of white porcelains, and so forth.
Please refer to http://blog.naver.com/yl1ca/80111520862
History Trace Notice Research Question
Vod Art Discourse & Critique Thought Trip & Travel Press
Chaos Chusa Jeong-Hee Kim_his life and art A Series of 'In-jeong-hyang-tu' Dasom Interview with Artist
Gallery 1 Gallery 2 Gallery 3 Gallery 4
Copyright(c) 2020 | MOAMCOLLECTION.ORG T:82-31-8013-1447 E-MAIL:admin@moamcollection.org


text:
Q: An ALGORITHM to create one list from "X" nested lists in Python What is the simplest way to create this list in Python?
First, suppose I have this nested list:
oldList = [ [{'letter':'a'}], [{'letter':'b'}], [{'letter':'c'}] ]

I want a function to spit out:
newList = [ {'letter':a}, {'letter':'b'}, {'letter':'c'} ]

Well, this could be done manually. However, what if there are three nested? ...X nested
Tricky? :)

A: Recursive solutions are simplest, but limited to at most a few thousand levels of nesting before you get an exception about too-deep recursion. For real generality, you can eliminate recursion by keeping your own stack; iterators are good things to keep on said stack, and the whole function's best written as a generator (just call list(flatten(thelist)) if you really want a huge list result).
def flatten(alist):
  stack = [iter(alist)]
  while stack:
    current = stack.pop()
    for item in current:
      if isinstance(item, list):
        stack.append(current)
        stack.append(iter(item))
        break
      yield item

Now this should let you handle as many levels of nesting as you have virtual memory for;-).

A: http://www.daniel-lemire.com/blog/archives/2006/05/10/flattening-lists-in-python/
from that link (with a couple minor changes:
def flatten(l):
  if isinstance(l, list):
     return sum(map(flatten,l),[])
  else:
     return [l]

A: The simplest answer is this
Only you can prevent nested lists
Do not create a list of lists using append.  Create a flat list using extend.

A: The Python Cookbook Martelli, Ravenscroft and Asher 2005 O'Reilley also offers a solution to this flattening problem.
See 4.6 Flattening a nested sequence.
This solution uses generators which can be a good thing if the lists are long.
Also, this solution deals equaly well with lists or tuples.
Note: Oops... I rushed a bit. I'm unsure of the legality of reproducing this snippet here...
let me look for policy / precedents in this area.
Edit: later found reference as a Google Books preview.
Here's a link to this section of the book in Google books

A: I prefer Alex Martelli's post as usual. Just want to add a not recommended trick:
from Tkinter import _flatten
print _flatten(oldList)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Imphal: 26 December, 2018 — Manipur Tourism has announced the 4th Manipur Statehood Day Women's Polo Tournament which will be played at Mapal Kangjeibung Polo Ground in Imphal, Manipur (India) from 17 – 21 January, 2019. Six women polo teams will compete in a field league tournament organized by Manipur Tourism along with the All Manipur Polo Association, and produced by Polo Yatra, the Indian women's polo initiative of Huntre! Equine.
This year's edition of the tournament features teams from the USA, Canada, Argentina, Kenya, Indian Polo Association, and Manipur. Travel support for the international teams is courtesy of Incredible India. Teams are outfitted by US Polo Assn.
"We are very proud to be the presenting sponsor of the only international women's polo tournament in India in the birthplace of modern polo," said Ms. Nidhi Kesarwani, Secretary (Tourism), Government of Manipur. "The Government of Manipur initiated this tournament and the final match on Manipur's Statehood Day is a tribute to the women polo players of Manipur. The event has grown in scale and participation since its inception in 2016 and now draws tourists from all over the world to Manipur as a polo tourism destination of India," she added.
Manipur Tourism presents the unique heritage of this exotic, far-flung state in North East India. The polo players and equestrian enthusiasts coming to the tournament will watch the games played at Mapal Kangjeibung, the world's oldest extant polo ground. During their stay, they will also explore major tourist destinations in the state such as Loktak Lake; Keibul Lamjao National Park – the only floating wildlife sanctuary in the world; pay homage at WW II cemeteries to the fallen soldiers from India, UK, and Japan in the Battle of Imphal; visit the age-old Kangla Fort of the erstwhile kingdom of Manipur; and shop for Manipur's celebrated handloom at Sana Keithel (Nupi Keithel) or Royal Market, arguably the largest women's market in the world.
Stay tuned for more information on the tournament.


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Trump's next step is to open North Korea's economy: billionaire Naguib Sawiris
By Julia Limitone Published June 12, 2018 North-KoreaFOXBusiness
Investing more in North Korea when sanctions are lifted: Naguib Sawiris
Orascom TMT Investments' Naguib Sawiris on the potential impact of the North Korea summit on the country's economy and global investors.
Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris made a case for investment in North Korea after President Trump's historic summit with Kim Jong Un.
"The next step is now watching the economy," Sawiris told FOX Business' Maria Bartiromo on "Mornings with Maria" on Tuesday. "I think the United States [should] start to try, and South Korea, too to try to start opening up the economy of this country, doing some investments, improving the lives of the North Koreans."
Sawiris, the son of Orascom Construction founder Onsi Sawiris, built a fortune with his company Orascom Telecom Media and Technology Holding. He entered North Korea in 2009 and helped build its communication networks.
More From FOX Business...
Stock futures cautious following conclusion of historic U.S.-North Korea summit
What's in the document?
North Korea cyberattack strength sits in the shadows of nuclear focus
Moneywise, the company hasn't thrived there, but Sawiris is now optimistic.
"Financially … it's not been the greatest investment," he said. "If the economy starts pouring in and investments come in and … the sanctions are lifted … that will be my day."


Appeals from the Order of the Environmental Hearing Board in case of William A. Lucas and August J. Lucas v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Resource, No. 77-059-D.
COUNSEL: Albert E. Vogel, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, with him Thomas Y. Au, Assistant Attorney General, for Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Leo M. Stepanian, Brydon & Stepanian, for William A. Lucas and August J. Lucas.
JUDGES: President Judge Crumlish and Judges Mencer, Rogers, Blatt, Craig, MacPhail and Williams, Jr. Judge Wilkinson, Jr. did not participate. Opinion by Judge MacPhail.
OPINION: [*600] [**2] William A. Lucas and August J. Lucas (Appellants) appeal and the Department of Environmental Resources (DER) cross-appeals from an adjudication and order of the Environmental Hearing Board (EHB), which sustains in part and dismisses in part an order issued by DER. By prior order of court the cases were joined for disposition. We affirm the adjudication and order of the EHB.
The pertinent facts of this case are the following: Appellants, partners in the Lucas Coal Company, own a strip mine in Butler County, which is identified by [***2] mining permit No. 174-5 (and amendments) issued under the Surface Mining Conservation and Reclamation Act, Act of May 31, 1945, P.L. 1198, as amended, 52 P.S. § 1396.1 et seq. (prior to November 30, 1971, entitled the Bituminous Coal Open Pit Mining Conservation Act). The mine is contained within the larger geographical area covered by mine drainage permit No. 2866BSM39 (originally No. 365BMS1) issued in 1965 under The Clean Streams Law, Act of June 22, 1937, P.L. 1987, as amended, 35 P.S. § 691.1 et seq.
In early 1972, Appellant William Lucas contacted Walter Kohler, then Chief of the mine drainage section of DER's Division of Surface Mine Reclamation, [*601] to inquire about getting approval to dump pickle liquor sludge from the Armco Steel Corporation (Armco) plant into Appellants' strip mine. Mr. Kohler advised Appellants to request a backfilling variance or amendment to their mining permit to allow disposal of the sludge which is an industrial waste. Apparently, Mr. Kohler did not inform Appellants that any other DER permit had to be obtained. On May 22, 1972, Appellants wrote to Mr. Kohler requesting approval to amend their backfilling plans at mining permit [***3] Nos. 174-5A, 174-7 and 174-9. On May 26, 1972, Appellants received written approval from Mr. Kohler to place the [**3] sludge in the strip mine pit governed by mine drainage permit No. 3071BSM1 (permit No. 2866BSM39 was not referred to). Prior thereto, DER had a chemical analysis conducted on a sample of the Armco sludge.
On July 29, 1972, Appellants began dumping the Armco sludge into their strip mine area covered by mine drainage permit No. 2866BSM39 (rather than 3071BSM1) and mining permit No. 174-5 and amendments. On August 2, 1972, DER mine inspector Merle Urey made an inspection of the disposal site and asked to see Appellants' written authorization to conduct the operation. Upon being shown Mr. Kohler's letter of Approval, Mr. Urey pointed out that the permit did not cover the area of the actual dumping site. Appellants promptly wrote to Mr. Kohler, asking for a correction of the permit numbers. Appellants assert that Mr. Kohler then gave his approval of sludge disposal in the intended site over the telephone; no written approval was in evidence. However, after Appellants' second letter, Mr. Kohler -- accompanied by Mr. Urey and W. E. Guckert, director of [***4] the Division of Surface Mine Reclamation -- visited the disposal site. At that time, those DER [*602] staff members gave no indication that Appellants lacked the authority to deposit the sludge at that particular site.
In August of 1972, during the sludge disposal operation, DER received complaints relating to the spillage of the sludge onto Butler County roads. Thereupon, DER initiated a suit in equity against the hauler and Armco in the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County seeking to enjoin the spillage. That suit resulted in a consent decree granting the hauler authority to continue transportation of the sludge "to locations where the Lucas Coal Company has obtained a permit from the Department of Environmental Resources for the disposal of such waste." On September 15, 1972, Walter Heine, Associate Deputy Secretary for Mines and Land Protection (supervisor of divisions of Surface Mine Reclamation and Solid Waste) issued a cease and desist order to Appellants stating that Appellants' surface mining permit amendment did not constitute a permit under the Pennsylvania Solid Waste Management Act (Solid Waste Act), Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 788, as amended, 35 P.S. § [***5] 6001 et seq. n1 and thus suspending Appellants' disposal operations. Appellants took no appeal and ceased operations. They received $ 55,475.35 from Armco for the disposal of the sludge.
n1 This case is unaffected by the new Solid Waste Management Act, Act of July 7, 1980, P.L. , No. 97.
In April, 1974, a Mr. Kelly, who resided at a location adjacent to Appellants' property, complained to DER of contamination of his water supply allegedly stemming from Appellants' mining operations. As a result of the complaint, John Davidson, an environmental protection specialist with DER, collected water samples from the immediate vicinity of the mine from [*603] March, 1974, until the spring of 1977. On May 18, 1977, DER ordered Appellants to A) submit within 60 days an application for an industrial waste permit to treat industrial wastes to meet certain standards B) reduce within 120 days the effluent from the mine to certain specified standards and C) furnish a $ 200,000 bond within 30 days to assure financial [***6] responsibility for the continued treatment of industrial wastes. Appellants appealed that order to the EHB which issued an adjudication and order after extensive hearings. The EHB order deleted the requirement of a bond, affirmed the requirement that Appellants apply for a permit and modified the standards for the treatment of the effluent.
Our scope of review of an order of the EHB is limited by the Administrative Agency Law, 2 Pa. C.S. § 704, "to a determination as to whether or not the findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether or not an error of law was committed, or whether or not Appellant's constitutional rights were violated." Pawk v. Department of Environmental Resources, 39 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 457, 461-62, 395 A.2d 692, 694 (1978).
[**4] For convenience and clarity, we will treat the cross-appeal separately. Initially, we address the Appellants' contentions.
Appellants first question whether the EHB committed an error of law in ordering them to apply for a new industrial waste permit, 1) when they already were in possession of an amendment to their mining permit granted under the Bituminous [***7] Coal Open Pit Mining Conservation Act, which the EHB held effectively constituted a permit to dispose of the Armco sludge, and 2) when the mine drainage and [*604] industrial waste disposal permits issued to them in 1965, under The Clean Streams Law, authorized their discharge of industrial waste into the streams.
We do agree with the conclusion of EHB that Appellants' amended backfilling plan within its mining permit was equivalent to a permit issued under the Solid Waste Act to allow disposal of the sludge. That approval, however, cannot be construed as also granting Appellants permission to discharge industrial waste from the sludge or the inactive mine operation into Commonwealth waters. The approval made no reference to permitted discharge and contained no provisions for treatment in the event of discharge such provisions would have been contained in a proper industrial waste permit issued under The Clean Streams Law.
Furthermore, the two permits issued in 1965 do not authorize the industrial waste discharges that have occurred since Appellants' completion of its mining operations. Though Appellants apparently complied with the permits' parameters of acid, iron and [***8] pH during its mining operations, thereafter those parameters were exceeded. Accordingly, Appellants must apply for a new permit which would contain appropriate treatment parameters for all pollutants within the increased discharge.
The EHB is not ordering Appellants to apply for another permit to dispose of the industrial waste in their mines, but is requiring Appellants to apply for a permit for treatment to specific standards of all their industrial waste discharges entering the streams. The EHB has the statutory power and duty to "[f]ormulate, adopt, promulgate and repeal such rules and regulations and issue such orders as are necessary to implement the provisions of this act." (Emphasis added.) Section 5(b)(1) of The Clean [*605] Streams Law, 35 P.S. § 691.5(b)(1). Section 307 of The Clean Streams Law, 35 P.S. § 691.307, requires such a permit to further the policy of both preventing any further water pollution and eliminating existing pollution; therefore it was necessary and correct for the EHB to order Appellants to apply for an industrial waste permit.
Appellants shall prepare an industrial waste permit application to treat discharges to the specific water quality standards applicable to the Slippery Rock Creek Basin under Chapter 93 of 25 Pa. Code. In the process of reviewing appellants' application, the department may establish treatment parameters for the additional elements listed in paragraph B of its order only to the extent that they can be justified in relation to specific, current water uses and established toxicity levels.
The EHB held that there was not substantial evidence to support the specific limitations set forth in the DER order.
Appellants contend that EHB had no authority to permit DER to establish standards on a "case by case" basis. In concluding that the least that Appellants could be required to do is to treat the discharges in such a way as "to achieve minimum water quality standards as prescribed by law pertaining to the discharge of acid mine water into the waters of the Commonwealth," the EHB relied upon the language [*606] [***10] of this Court in its order in Commonwealth v. Barnes and Tucker Company, 23 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 496, 513-14, [**5] 353 A.2d 471, 481 (1976). Inasmuch as EHB found that DER failed to prove what the treatment parameters were for the elements found in Appellants' discharge, the EHB order states that once Appellants filed their application, DER must establish standards but they may not establish limits for the elements which are more restrictive than "can be justified in relation to specific, current water uses and established toxicity levels."
The water quality criteria set forth in 25 Pa. Code § 93.7 (Tables 3, 4 and 5) have been expanded this year to include water quality standards for most of the toxic constituents found in the subject discharge (chromium, copper, fluoride, iron lead, manganese, nickel, zinc). For the substances not listed, the best scientific information available will be used to adjudge the suitability of a given waste discharge. 25 Pa. Code § 93.7(f).
We are of the opinion that the EHB order is a practical solution to a procedural dilemma, to wit: [*607] DER is required to set standards with which Appellants must comply but such limits must be based upon some reliable and ascertainable factual information. EHB found insufficient evidence of those standards in the record of this case but could not enter an order against Appellants requiring treatment without some standards. By ordering DER to set specific standards which must fall within certain limitations, EHB has protected the Appellants as well as the public. We find no error in this procedure.
Appellants contend that EHB erred when it did respect is a regulation required to be published by the provisions of the Commonwealth Documents [***12] Law, Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 769, as amended, 45 P.S. § 1102(12), is totally without merit.
Appellants' contention that the EHB order in this not require DER to prove a causal connection between the disposal of the Armco sludge and the leachate or discharge entering the waters in the immediate vicinity of the Appellants' mine. In fact, EHB did require DER to prove such a causal connection and found from substantial evidence that the burden had been carried by DER.
Appellants argue that it was impossible for DER to carry its burden of proof: 1) without necessary background data on the quality of the receiving stream's water prior to Appellants' mining operations and prior to their disposal of the sludge, or 2) without conducting "commonly recognized" scientific tests. Instead, Appellants argue, DER relied upon "assumption and guesses."
[*608] Of course, we may uphold the EHB's finding that leaching was resulting from Appellants' disposal of the Armco sludge if such a finding was based on substantial evidence. "If a regulatory agency desires to order the abatement of a violation of its regulations, it must [***13] meet its burden to prove that violation with substantial evidence. Nothing less will permit a reviewing court to affirm the action of the agency." North American Coal Corp. v. Commonwealth, 2 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 469, 480, 279 A.2d 356, 362 (1971).
Here, the EHB, in arriving at its conclusion, relied on several types of evidence presented by DER amounting to more than mere inference, assumption, or speculation.
Thirteen down-gradient water samples taken in the area by DER from 1974 to 1977 indicated a high level of heavy metals (copper, chromium, nickel, and zinc) generally not associated with mine drainage. However, [**6] expert witnesses for both Appellants and DER agreed that the metals may occur at these levels in some areas.
It was the elevated levels of fluorides and sulfates found in these same samplings that the EHB emphasized in its findings. Appellants' witnesses testified that the fluoride levels found in the water samples were essentially unheard of in that part of the country, the samples showing at least three times the normal ground water concentrations. Samples of sludge taken from the Armco sludge lagoons clearly show that the sludge itself contains [***14] high levels of fluorides. According to a leachate test performed in DER's laboratory, when the sludge is placed in an acid environment, such as the spoil of Appellants' mine, and water is allowed to interact with it, leaching of the fluoride (and other elements) occurs. The [*609] more acidic the environment, the more material is dissolved and is leached.
As further support for its conclusions, the EHB relied on evidence that the sulfate levels in the water samples were high, compared to the normal range of sulfate levels found in the vicinity of the Appellants' mine from January 20, 1969, through Septem-17, 1969. These levels were reported in a study made for DER known as the Operation Scarlift Report. Like the fluorides, high sulfates were found in the Armco sludge itself; and thus the EHB concluded that high sulfate levels in the water were also the result of leaching.
Appellants contend that there can be no direct evidence of leaching without background data on the quality of the stream water before Appellants started mining and before disposal of the sludge. A background analysis of the receiving stream, which could be compared to an analysis after sludge disposal, admittedly would have constituted the best evidence of a change in water quality. We note, as did the EHB, that had Appellants followed the normal procedure to obtain a solid waste permit, DER automatically would have undertaken a study of the quality of the receiving stream prior to issuing such a permit. But the impossibility of DER's obtaining such evidence now should not prevent DER from attempting to prove its case by other means. Failure to do the impossible will not prohibit DER from enforcing the law and its rules and regulations. United States [*610] Steel Corp. v. Department of Environmental Resources, 7 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 429, 300 A.2d 508 (1973).
Appellants also find fault with DER's failure to conduct "any commonly recognized scientific tests such as monitoring wells, tracer studies, bromide studies, electric resistivity, or pumping tests which would [***16] have proved whether or not the sludge was leaching." The EHB, however, finds it reasonable that DER conducted no tracer studies, because DER believed that the presence of fluorides in the discharge acted as a tracer study. The EHB finds DER's evidence substantial without its utilization of other tests. We agree, for the evidence does not consist of inadequate visual tests and observations, which would necessitate the use of available scientific tests as in Bortz Coal Co. v. Commonwealth, 2 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 441, 279 A.2d 388 (1971). Rather, the evidence consists of experts' scientific samplings, studies, and reports adjudged credible by the fact-finding EHB. Therefore, we believe the evidence is substantial in amount and quality to form the basis of the EHB conclusion that the sludge was leaching and that it was the cause of the pollution in the water in the immedite vicinity of Appellants' mine.
We find no evidence in the record to uphold Appellants' contention that the Hearing Examiner decided the case before any testimony or evidence was received. [**7] We find no error of law in [***17] the Hearing Examiner's rulings on hearsay evidence, keeping in mind that "Commonwealth agencies shall not be bound by technical rules of evidence at agency hearings, [*611] and all relevant evidence of reasonably probative value may be received." Administrative Agency Law, 2 Pa. C.S. § 505.
Appellants also claim that the EHB erred in failing to require DER's counsel to furnish to Appellants' counsel various documents and files in accord with an EHB order of July 25, 1977 granting Appellants' motion for discovery and production of documents. We find that at the 1978 hearings, the EHB properly ruled that certain documents were not discoverable, being material prepared or obtained in anticipation of litigation. 1978 Pa. Rules of Court, Pa. R.C.P. No. 4011(d). Moreover, we cannot conclude that DER's introduction into evidence of reports and other evidence was in any way prejudicial to Appellants. We find no error of law.
Now, we proceed to a consideration of DER's cross-appeal.
1. A Valid Solid Waste Permit?
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person, municipality, county or authority to use or continue to use their land or the land of any other person, municipality, county or authority as a solid waste processing or disposal area of a solid waste management system or transport solid wastes to a mine without first obtaining a permit from the department.
Initially, we note that whether or not Appellants were issued a valid authorization to dispose of the Armco sludge has no bearing on whether Appellants should be held responsible for subsequent polluting discharges.
[*612] Additionally, we concur with EHB's conclusions that Appellants' complete compliance with DER's specific directions for approval of their plan to dispose of the sludge constituted a de facto approval by DER notwithstanding Appellants' admitted failure to comply with the permit requirements of the Solid Waste Act and that [***19] Appellants should not suffer because of departmental confusion.
However, we hasten to add that our holding here is limited to the facts of this case and does not affect cases involving sludge disposal after the effective date of the formal DER policy relating to sludge disposal, i.e. September 6, 1973.
DER contends that the EHB erred in dismissing Paragraph C of DER's order, which required Appellants to post a bond in the amount of $ 200,000 to assure financial responsibility for the continued treatment of the industrial wastes discharged. The EHB concluded in its decision that although DER may have the power to require posting of a bond under The Clean Streams Law, it would not sustain such an order absent a showing of necessity for the bond. Finding no proof of necessity here, the EHB deleted the bond requirement.
[*613] (2) Except in the case of a municipality, county or authority which is directly performing the operations, require the posting of a bond sufficient to assure the financial responsibility of the operator, including the restoration of the area.
We agree that this statutory section imposes no condition of showing necessity for the bond on DER, for it is a mandatory requirement. However, DER concedes as it must, that the mandatory bond requirement pertains only to the granting of a solid waste [**8] permit. DER contends that inasmuch as Appellants should have acquired such a permit, the bond requirement should apply. The argument is fatally flawed by the clear statutory language which requires the bond as a condition precedent to the granting of a solid waste permit. Since no such permit was granted here, DER cannot utilize that statutory requirement for a bond in the instant case.
The department may issue such orders as are necessary to aid in the enforcement of the provisions of this act. . . The department may, in its order, require compliance with such conditions as are necessary to prevent or abate pollution or effect the purposes of this act.
[*614] We agree with the EHB that DER did not show the necessity for posting of a bond as required, and thus we uphold its dismissal of Paragraph C. of DER's order.
3. Effluent Limits Presumed Valid?
DER also contends that its case-by-case determination of effluent limits for toxic substances and the standards on which these limits are based must be given the presumption of validity once DER's expert witnesses have formulated these limits and standards based on the best scientific information available. Furthermore, DER asserts that Appellants, rather than DER, bear the burden of proof with regard to necessary treatment [***22] standards.
We disagree that Appellants have the burden of proof to rebut DER's treatment standards set forth in its order. The facts of this case do not fall within the exception to the general rule that DER has the burden of proof when it orders a party to abate water pollution. 25 Pa. Code § 21.101 (formerly 25 Pa. Code § 21.42).
EHB was correct in ordering that DER establish a basis for the unique effluent standards it wishes to impose after reviewing Appellants' application for an industrial waste permit. Since the effluent limits in DER's order are to apply specifically to Appellants, being determined on an individual basis, it is reasonable that DER be slightly burdened with justifying the basis for its standards.
It appears as though the EHB is asking DER to do no more than explain briefly how it arrived at each figure set forth in its order, or, in other words, to justify the standards by pointing to the specific EPA guidelines and other factors it considered. It is not a matter of proving the basis for the parameters, [*615] but a matter of justifying the basis. By affirming the EHB's request for a justification, we are not disputing the ability of DER's [***23] experts, nor trying to substitute our own judgment.
The recent expansion of DER's water quality criteria standards in 25 Pa. Code § 93.7 may make easier DER's task, but it does not change our opinion that DER's standards are not presumed valid. For according to 25 Pa. Code § 93.5(a), supra, these criteria are to be considered only as "one of the major factors" in developing discharge limitations. DER must explain the link between these water quality standards, the other factors it considered and the parameters it wishes to establish.
DER argues finally that the EHB's conclusion that "the Appellants would be responsible for acid mine drainage resulting from the operation for as long as it continues" is not the proper standard, but rather that Appellants' responsibility to abate a public nuisance continues until the nuisance is abated, regardless of economic considerations and subsequent determinations of fault.
The EHB is not imposing a fault limitation on Appellants' duty to abate. Its decision indicates to us that Appellants shall treat the discharges as long as they continue, because they have resulted from Appellants' operations. DER will not have to prove again at future intervals that the discharges are the direct result of Appellants' past operations. Unless a new factor is introduced in the future, which influences the discharge, Appellants will be held strictly liable for abating the discharge.
Neither has the EHB imposed an economic limitation on Appellants' duty to abate by its statement that it is "especially concerned that appellants not be charged with excessive or unreasonable treatment costs." The EHB expressly and properly states that Appellants cannot be absolved from liability because of cost. However, the EHB is also appropriately concerned with exercising the police power in a reasonable and not unduly oppressive manner, which [*617] means considering the differing economic impacts on Appellants of the several effective remedial measures. We disagree with DER's contention that the Supreme Court decision in Barnes and Tucker II, supra, requires [***26] DER to select an abatement method, without regard to whether other treatment methods might be less expensive. We sustain EHB's conclusions regarding Appellants' duty to abate.
For the above reasons, we affirm the decision and order of the EHB.
And Now, this 3rd day of September, 1980 the order of the Environmental Hearing Board, dated May 23, 1979, dismissing in part and sustaining in part an order of the Department of Environmental Resources, is hereby affirmed.


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Q: Is this happening because I didn't set url right or ajax is wrong or the app itself? I'm using django-favorite app from https://bitbucket.org/last_partizan/django-favorites it almost works. It's at the point I have like button and if I click it, it takes me to http://127.0.0.1:8000/favorites/fav/9/14/ but it should be ajax. After being clicked and the error is being shown, if I go back I see 1 person likes this
and like button is changed to unlike. So it kinda works. I;m not sure how to fix this error: TypeError at /favorites/fav/9/14/
init() got an unexpected keyword argument 'mimetype'
Here's my code. here's views.py for favorite.
def ajax_login_required(view_func):
    def wrap(request, *args, **kwargs):
        if request.user.is_authenticated():
            return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
        json = simplejson.dumps({'not_authenticated': True})
        return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json', status=401)
    wrap.__doc__ = view_func.__doc__
    wrap.__dict__ = view_func.__dict__
    return wrap

@ajax_login_required
def ajax_fav(request, ctype_id, obj_id):
    """

    """
    ctype = get_object_or_404(ContentType, pk=ctype_id)
    item = ctype.get_object_for_this_type(pk=obj_id)
    if Favorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, content_type=ctype, object_id=obj_id):
        fav = Favorite.objects.get(user=request.user, content_type=ctype, object_id=obj_id)
        fav.delete()
        count = Favorite.objects.favorites_for_object(item).count()
        data_dict = {'id': 0, 'message': fav_settings.FAV_ADD, 'counter': build_message(count), }
    else:
        fav = Favorite.objects.create_favorite(item, request.user)
        count = Favorite.objects.favorites_for_object(item).count()
        data_dict = {'id': fav.id, 'message': fav_settings.FAV_REMOVE, 'counter': build_message(count), }
    return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(data_dict), mimetype='application/javascript')

Error is occurring from return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs) and return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(data_dict), mimetype='application/javascript')
Here's urls.py
    from django.conf.urls import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^fav/(?P<ctype_id>\d+)/(?P<obj_id>\d+)/$', 'favorites.views.ajax_fav', name="ajax_fav"),
)

template for favorite
{{ message }}

{{ counter }}
and js file
$(function(){
    $(document).on('click', 'a.favIt', function(e){
        e.preventDefault();
        var itemId = $(this).attr('id').split("_")[1],
            csrf = $('[name=csrfmiddlewaretoken]').val();
        if (!csrf) console.log("You must add {% csrftoken %} somewhere in the template.");
        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: $(this).attr("data-action-url"),
            data: {'csrfmiddlewaretoken': csrf},
            dataType: "json",
            timeout: 2000,
            cache: false,
            beforeSend: function(XMLHttpRequest) {
                //$("#loader").fadeIn();
            },
            error: function(data, XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown){
                $(this).html("Error connecting to the server.");
            },
            complete: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus) {
                //$("#loader").fadeOut();
            },
            success: function(data, textStatus, XMLHttpRequest){
                $('#FavIt_'+itemId).html(data.message);
                $('#FavCounter_'+itemId).html(data.counter);
            }
        });
    });
});

I don't mean to dump my code here, but really not sure how to fix this. any help would be appreciated

A: Try 'content_type' instead of mimetype

A: mimetype has been deprecated for a long time and has been removed


GitHub - suprnation/wordpress-acf: A custom compiler which optimises retrieval of posts from the wordpress database. Retrieval through this method will result in a linear complexity rather than the quadratic complexity you get with the out of the box plugins.
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