text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace vtortola.Redis
{
    /*
     * StreamReader.ReadLine consideres /r/n, /r and /n line delimiters,
     * which makes difficult to work with bulk strings that contains line breaks.
     * SocketReader only considers /r/n as line delimiter.
     *
     * It assumes UTF8 when not using the Decoder.
     *
     * It is optimized for the RESP protocol, it does not intend
     * to be a general purpose reader.
     *
     */
    internal class SocketReader : IDisposable
    {
        const Byte CRByte = 13;
        const Byte LFByte = 10;

        readonly Stream _stream;
        readonly Byte[] _buffer;
        readonly Byte[] _integerBuffer;
        readonly Char[] _charBuffer;
        readonly Decoder _decoder;

        Int32 _left, _right;

        internal SocketReader(Stream stream, Int32 bufferSize)
        {
            Contract.Assert(bufferSize >= 1, "Buffer size must be 1 or bigger.");

            _decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
            _stream = stream;
            _buffer = new Byte[bufferSize];
            _charBuffer = new Char[bufferSize];
            _integerBuffer = new Byte[21];
        }

        private Boolean CanRead()
        {
            if (_right - _left > 0)
                return true;

            _left = 0;
            _right = _stream.Read(_buffer, 0, _buffer.Length);

            return _right > 0;
        }

        private async Task<Boolean> CanReadAsync(CancellationToken cancel)
        {
            if (_right - _left > 0)
                return true;

            _left = 0;
            _right = await _stream.ReadAsync(_buffer, 0, _buffer.Length, cancel).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return _right > 0;
        }

        internal Char? ReadRESPHeader()
        {
            if (CanRead())
                return Utf8ByteHelper.ParseRESPHeader(_buffer[_left++]);

            return null;
        }

        internal async Task<Char?> ReadRESPHeaderAsync(CancellationToken cancel)
        {
            if (await CanReadAsync(cancel).ConfigureAwait(false))
                return Utf8ByteHelper.ParseRESPHeader(_buffer[_left++]);

            return null;
        }

        internal Int32 ReadInt32()
        {
            return (Int32)ReadInt64();
        }

        internal Int64 ReadInt64()
        {
            var integerIndex = 0;
            var crfound = false;

            while (CanRead())
            {
                for (; _left < _right; _left++)
                {
                    var b = _buffer[_left];

                    if(b == LFByte && crfound)
                    {
                        _left++; // moving to next line
                        return Utf8ByteHelper.ParseInt64(_integerBuffer, integerIndex-1);
                    }

                    crfound = b == CRByte;

                    _integerBuffer[integerIndex++] = b;
                }
            }

            throw new RedisClientSocketException("Cannot read an integer, not available data.");
        }

        internal String ReadString()
        {
            var builder = new StringBuilder(8); // most sort responses will be OK, QUEUED, etc..
            var crfound = false;

            var bytesUsed = 0;
            var charUsed = 0;
            var completed = false;

            while (CanRead())
            {
                var start = _left;
                for (; _left < _right; _left++)
                {
                    var c = _buffer[_left];

                    if(c == LFByte && crfound )
                    {
                        _left++;
                        _decoder.Convert(_buffer, start, _left - start, _charBuffer, 0, _charBuffer.Length, true, out bytesUsed, out charUsed, out completed);
                        builder.Append(_charBuffer, 0, charUsed);

                        return builder.ToString(0, builder.Length - 2);
                    }

                    crfound = c == CRByte;
                }

                _decoder.Convert(_buffer, start, _right - start, _charBuffer, 0, _charBuffer.Length, false, out bytesUsed, out charUsed, out completed);
                builder.Append(_charBuffer, 0, charUsed);
            }

            throw new RedisClientSocketException("Cannot read a string, not available data.");
        }

        internal String ReadString(Int32 byteCount)
        {
            byteCount += 2;
            // byteCount + 2 since I want to read the final CRLF

            // Even if the byteCount is empty, the CRLF needs to be readed.

            // byteCount won't be the length of the string, but it is
            // a good approximation
            var builder = byteCount == 2 ? new StringBuilder() : new StringBuilder(byteCount);

            var bytesUsed = 0;
            var charUsed = 0;
            var completed = false;

            while (CanRead())
            {
                var available = _right - _left;

                if (byteCount <= available)
                    _decoder.Convert(_buffer, _left, byteCount, _charBuffer, 0, _charBuffer.Length, true, out bytesUsed, out charUsed, out completed);
                else
                    _decoder.Convert(_buffer, _left, available, _charBuffer, 0, _charBuffer.Length, false, out bytesUsed, out charUsed, out completed);

                builder.Append(_charBuffer, 0, charUsed);

                _left += bytesUsed;
                byteCount -= bytesUsed;

                if (byteCount <= 0)
                    return builder.ToString(0, builder.Length - 2);
            }

            throw new RedisClientSocketException("Cannot read a string with byte count, not available data.");
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _stream.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
How to Build a Model Train Layout (Step-by-Step)
Ultimate Guide for Model Train Beginners
HO Scale Model Railroad Layouts
HO Scale Track Plans
HO Scale Buildings
4×8 HO Track Plans
HO Scale Track Plans for Shelf Layouts
HO Track Plans for Small Spaces
Atlas HO Scale Track Plans
HO Scale Logging Layout Ideas
Marvelous HO Trolley Layout
Track Plans N Scale
Top Rated N Scale Track Plans 4×8
N Scale Track Plans 2×4
Top 3 N Scale Track Plans 3×6
3 Ideas for N Scale Mountain Layout Plans
Top 5 N Scale Coffee Table Layouts
10 Stunning N Scale Buildings
N Scale Shelf Layout Ideas
Kato Unitrack N Scale Layouts
Introduction of Model Trains for Beginners
Understanding Scale and Gauge
Model Railroad Planning for Beginners
Where to Build a Model Railroad?
Model Trains for Beginners – Drafting a Track Plan
Model Trains for Beginners – Building Benchwork
Model Trains for Beginners – Laying Trackwork
Roadbeds
Electrical Power with Analog or DCC?
Analog Control Systems
Digital Command Control (DCC)
How to Easily Build Realistic Scenery
Choosing Your Scenery
Tools for Scenery
Model Railroad Structures
Model Railroad Building Kits
Kitbashing To Create Unique Model Railroad Buildings
Placing Your Model Railroad Buildings
Buying Model Trains, Locomotives and Engines
When buying a locomotive these points are critical:
Model Trains for Beginners Conclusion
The purpose of writing the model trains for beginners guide is to help save you the frustration from making costly building mistakes plus help you save time and money during the construction process.
This tutorial will address the basic building blocks of constructing a model railroad from start to finish. We'll discuss everything from choosing a track plan, building a bench, wiring, scenery and even how to find cheap deals on locomotives and engines for your railroad.
This guide virtually guarantees that with some action on your part, you'll build the model train layout of your dreams. Model trains are the best hobby in the world – it should be simple and fun. But most beginners tend to complicate things and the frustration soon sets in.
Think of why you want to build your dream layout? Is it for something that you and your children, or grandchildren, can enjoy together as a family, maybe it is to satisfy your inner creativity, build your own little world or to help you relax. There are hundreds of reasons why different people build their dream layouts.
Building a model train layout is a great "family friendly" hobby as everyone can get involved and everyone can participate. My main reason for entering the model train hobby was to get my children away from the television and video games and it has worked very well.
Not only have they moved away from the television but model trains have been very educational for them. They've learned some railroading history, basic carpentry, electrical and artistic skills, planning and designing with some engineering and problem solving.
But usually beginners make the common mistake of buying, or being given a starter set and then trying to grow this set into their dream layout… This usually ends up becoming an unwieldy mess of a layout.
Learn How to Build a Model Train Layout of Your Dreams with Limited Space, Time and Budget..!
You Can Make It Happen Within The Budget, Timeline, And Space YOU Have Available
With some initial planning you will completely avoid this problem. It doesn't take a huge budget, or the need to be a technical person. There's no need to be an artist, or an electrician. You don't need to be a certain age or gender.
You just need to realize that model trains as a journey not a destination. The fun and enjoyment is in the building of your layout and constantly improving it.
Some people may find it a bit strange that adults are playing with toy trains. That's because they don't understand what skill is actually required to build and operate a model train layout. When they do understand, they soon realize what a great educational and fun filled process it is.
This section is an overview to help establish the basic concepts of model railroading. In this section, we will cover important topics that should be considered when first planning your model train layout.
It's a massively rewarding and fun hobby that is only limited by your imagination… so let's get started…
Before choosing the scale and gauge of your model train layout, first try to understand the difference between the two words. Scale is the proportion of the model relative to the real-world size and gauge is the distance between the rails.
When looking at scale size, you'll notice that scale is expressed as a ratio or as a fraction, with the numerator or top number always being 1, and the denominator or bottom number being how much bigger it is in the real world.
For example, Z scale is 1:220 or 1/220th, which means that you'll need 220 of the little models to make a full life size version. It's one of the smallest scales available. If you are intimidated by small parts or have trouble seeing or handling things, then Z is most likely not the best fit for you.
N scale is 1/160th scale and one of the most popular scales. Japan is famous for building model railroads in N scale. Like Z scale, an advantage of N scale is that it allows model railroaders to build layouts that take up less space than larger scales and have more detail.
HO scale is by far the most popular scale in the world and contains many supplies and accessories. Its scale is 1/87th, being half that of O scale. HO scale is great to use for your first layout, and you can easily build an oval track to run trains on. It also tends to have the most diverse set of accessories, including locomotives, scenery and structures.
Size O is 1/48th scale, the most common scale within the United States until the early 1960's. Its popularity declined after World War 2 with the introduction of smaller scales. O scale is also a popular scale for aircraft modeling. There is still a good number of used locomotives that can be purchased in this scale, and it's easier for kids to play with plus more robust so it doesn't break as easily.
There are two different kinds of O scale. One is the 3 rail O, which means the third rail is in the middle of the track, which is why it's called On30.
There are also 2 rails; however, you cannot mix the two, as the electricity for each is wired differently.
S scale is 1/64th and not as popular, but people like to use it, given it has the same advantages as O scale, such as being robust without feeling big or clunky.
Most G scale models are built to a similar size and are mostly used in garden railroads, outside and exposed to environmental conditions. G scale does not stand for garden scale but is commonly referred to as that.
For most model railroaders, HO and N scale are the best bang for your buck. The prices are lower because many people love it, which means there is no shortage of accessories for the scales. It really comes down to a matter of personal preference or it depends on the individuals using the model train layout.
Scale Size Proportion to Real Size Minimum Radius
O scale 1:48 24 inches
S scale 1:64 22.5 inches
OO scale 1:76 21 inches
HO scale 1:87 15 inches
N scale 1:160 7.5 inches
Z scale 1:220 5.75 inches
You have seen the terms "scale" and "gauge" used interchangeably. Sometimes, even retailers and manufacturers tend to confuse them. Scale and gauge are not even close to being the same thing. You can have three model trains with different lengths and heights that all use the same gauge.
You can have the same scale but different gauges for different cars. For example, narrow gauge and standard gauge are the same scale, but use a different gauge.
Narrow gauge is depicted by the small letter 'n' with numbers after the main scale letters. Some scales that use 'n' are HOn3 and On3.
A narrow-gauge railroad has the rails closer together and is typically used in mountainous areas and forests, where there are geographical constraints to having a wider train track. Imagine the quicksilver mines that run throughout mountainous regions, a tight small gauge railroad makes the most sense there.
Let's take a deep dive into planning your initial model train layout plan. One of the biggest mistakes model train beginners make is going too big, too fast. Model trains for beginners will need to spend a considerable amount of time on the planning phase.
Starting off with too large of a layout can be overwhelming and make you lose interest quickly. Instead, start off with a small layout, such as a 4 x 8 feet layout, which can eventually be moved to a larger, permanent solution. Most mega-layouts initially started off as small 4×8 layouts and were further built upon.
There are a few different options to draft our model railroad plan. The two options are using a computer design program or simple pen and paper. The computer software programs usually provide a drag and drop interface and lets you view a 3D model of the layout. If you're using pen and paper, try to start off with a rough sketch and use actual measurements in a scaled down version to ensure precision.
Finding space for your model train layout can be an issue but finding innovative ways to deal with it can be exciting and fun. Here are a few different ideas:
Shelf layouts
Coffee table layouts
Door layouts
In terms of areas, basements have long been a favorite spot for model railroads. Something to consider before building in your basement is the humidity, water problems, utilities and accessibility.
Another great location is the attic, but keep in mind that hot air rises, and in warmer climates the temperature fluctuations can be destructive to your layout, especially the paint on your scenery. Garages and spare bedrooms are other great locations, but humidity needs to be kept in mind.
A few other key elements to consider when planning include reach-ability and comfort. You should be able to reach any part of your layout without having to stretch or get uncomfortable.
Also, the layout should sit at a height and position that is suitable for you and any helpers, such as children. You may also want to raise it up so it's not accessible to pets that can potentially ruin all your hard work.
The next step is to draft a track plan of the layout. It's important to draft a track plan before building benchwork because the benchwork must be able to fit your track plan.
The basic building blocks of your track plan will consist of either a continuous running loop or a point to point track plan.
Continuous running track plans can be stretched out in different ways to make your track plan unique but will always create a loop for your model railroad. Some examples of loop to loop layouts are simple oval, figure eight and twice around.
Many people find the continuous loops to be more soothing and relaxing to watch than a layout that has trains end up in a shed after they complete their route.
A point to point layout is exactly what the name states, your trains go from point to the other. For example, a prototype style model railroad that starts your trains in a terminal station and ends with them back in the shed.
If you're planning on drafting your own track plan, computer-aided design models or sketches are the best way to go. Also, use Google Earth to see your favorite railroads from an aerial view. This is especially useful if you plan on prototyping a track plan.
Given that most model railroaders start out by building their track plan on a 4'x 8' plywood, track plans that are 4'x 8' friendly are abundant and you can gather many great ideas for that size layout.
Learn How to Build a Model Train Layout of Your Dreams with Limited Space, Time and Budget
Before choosing which bench to create, you'll have to determine how much weight the bench will carry, as this will dictate the strength of construction.
There are several options for building benchwork—it can be a bookshelf, a kitchen table, or anything in between. The main objective is to have a flat surface that can hold the weight and is large enough to build and grow your layout upon.
Some other points to keep in mind include the height of the bench. It might make sense to keep it low enough that you can sit in a chair to operate your trains but high enough so that kids can stand, suiting both audiences. Other times, hobbyists might want to run the trains at chest level, so that kids can't reach them, depending on who you want your audience to be.
You will also want to make sure that every area is accessible and within arm's reach in the layout. A big mistake some model railroaders make is building the layout too wide and not being able to access the middle parts of the layout.
It's important to have the track plan in mind before building benchwork because once you start to lay track it will become very evident if the curves fit on the surface of your bench. If they don't fit precisely then your trains will not move correctly, and it is a sure-fire way for constant derailments and an overall unpleasant experience. Remember that lacking bench space will not allow you to alter anything.
Keep in mind that your general benchwork plan should fit loosely within the size of your bench that you're building and allow for minor alterations as you progress or change your mind.
You don't have to keep a plan in mind ahead of time if you don't want to be hampered down by a rigid plan. Another way to go about building benchwork that won't cause any problems is to choose the size of your benchwork and then build a general plan that will fit into it afterward.
It's quite difficult to imagine all the mountains, rivers, gradients from a simple theme and track plan drawing. That's why some people opt-in for building a plan after the benchwork is completed.
The best way to understand the construction of benchwork is to view the actual process instead of just reading about. The video below will provide an exact tutorial for constructing your benchwork along with supplies needed and a step by step process.
A question that always comes up first is, "What type of model train track should I use?" Fortunately, there are several different brands and sizes available. Mostly, what you use is personal preference.
One thing to remember is that the size of the rails is reported as the code. For example, code 83 model railroad track has larger rails than code 55 track. The smaller rails are often used for branch lines, whereas the larger codes are for mainlines. This is often the way they appear in the prototype that is reality, so you can simulate that on your layout if you wish.
A caveat to this is that you must make sure that, when you make the transition between different codes on the same layout, the rails are lined up properly to prevent any derailments. You may have to use small pieces of wood underneath the railroad ties on the adjoining end of the code 55 track so that the rails of the code 55 track will line up properly with those of the code 83 track.
Another point to remember is that sometimes branch lines may not have much roadbed, if any, under the track, while mainlines almost always do.
Model railroad track is sold one of two ways. The first is sectional track, which is small sections of either straight track or curved track that come in 2-3 different standard radii. This type of track does not come with roadbed.
This means that you'll have to make the roadbed yourself. One issue when building your own roadbeds is that the ballast within the roadbed can get caught up in the wheels of your locomotives.
The other is flex track, a very flexible 3-foot piece of track that can be curved to whatever radius you want. Sectional track, but not flex track, can also be purchased with roadbed attached.
Another type of track is called all-in-one track. It's basically regular sectional track, but it comes with the roadbed included – that's the rock ballast used to make the roadbed. Joiners are the connections between two separate pieces of track. You get the best results from track by using the same manufacturer.
A good rule of thumb is a 3% climb or 3 inches up for every 100 inches along. This provides a natural looking climb that most locomotives with a reasonable train can handle.
Lay switches, also known as turnouts, first, then curves, and then finish it off with the straights. Also, take your time, and test the track as you go with a few reliable cars.
In model trains, roadbeds are used for a variety of reasons. Some of these reasons include ensuring the track is on a level surface so the trains can move smoothly. It is also used to reduce the noise of the train as it moves.
For example, without a roadbed, the track would be rail, and ties would be sitting on your bench, which can cause an unpleasant rumbling sound.
Also, roadbed is important, because it makes the model railroad look like the real thing.
There are a few different types of roadbed available, such as wood, foam and vinyl, but the most popular type is cork roadbed.
When installing track on the roadbed, be careful not to track down too hard, as this will cause the roadbed to become uneven. Putting tacks in every 2nd hole is enough to hold the track in place.
Check your track for level by looking along the length of track. Any dips or bumps can be leveled out by using some card stock.
It's probably a good time to get more technical… I've given you an overview of control systems, but I think you need more information to make the right decision on which control system you should use.
What we are talking about will completely transform your model trains and provide as much fun as you can ever have with this great hobby!
An analog control system is usually the standard control system you receive when you buy a model train set. It consists of a power pack which takes the power from your power outlet and reduces it down to a safe voltage.
When this voltage is applied to the track you can adjust this voltage or reverse the polarity simply by moving the dial on the power pack. If the voltage is increased the train will speed up, while a decrease in the voltage will slow it down. By changing the polarity of the voltage the train will reverse.
Digital Command Control is commonly known as DCC. It allows locomotives on the same electrical section of track to be independently controlled using computer technology.
Your model train layout becomes a computer network. Your locomotives are like the different computers on the network. Each locomotive is fitted with a decoder which responds to the data transmitted down the track from a small processor which is your command station.
Each locomotive decoder has a specific address and only responds when instructions are sent for that address. This allows multiple trains to be run on the same electrical section of track.
Some DCC enthusiasts will talk about complex programming, digital data packets, alternating current waves and other confusing DCC information but the truth is you do not need to know any of this.
DCC is as simple as taking it out the box, plugging it in and playing with it.
As you get familiar with it you may want to explore the more complex programming.
A common misconception about DCC is that it is only suitable for large complex layouts. The truth is it is a far better way of controlling even the smallest layout as it completely removes any operating constraints.
Now is when we get to the creative side of model trains. Creating realistic scenery is the part that pulls your layout together and brings it alive. You've started with a train set, and now it's time to convert it to a full scale model railroad.
Scenery is the geographical setting of your layout. It's the countryside and cityscape that your railroad will eventually run through. It can be as simple or as elaborate as you want.
Hobby shops online and offline sell a huge selection of scenery products to make the job easy. These range from imitation groundcover and grass to rock molds, trees and shrubs to scenic backdrops.
In the planning stage of your layout you would have thought about the era of your railroad and the location geographically. You may need to research this era by surfing the internet or visiting the library. Pay attention to the architecture of the buildings as this detail will add more realism.
Find out what shrubs and trees are found in that geographical location. That way you can buy or make the correct trees and shrubs.
Consider the season you are modeling in. Depending on your geographical location you may need flowers in spring and summer, colorful leaves in fall and even snow in winter.
Trains have a purpose for being there. Real freight trains transport freight between industries, towns and cities. Passenger trains transport passengers between towns and cities. Think of your layout. Where will the station, tunnel or bridge be situated?
Have you considered the crossings and having operational signals? Blinking lights and operational features on your layout add more life and the children love them.
Working water towers, coal loaders, control towers, elevators and conveyors add a completely different dimension to model railroading. To build and operate a fully working scene, which gives the railroad a real purpose, is much more interesting and rewarding.
You will find yourself taking more notice of the world around you. Have a close look at real life crossings and look for how the road joins with the crossing. Notice how the ballast is dirtier in the center of the rails compared to the outside and the vegetation that grows close to the railroads. Notice how signage on buildings is placed and replicate all these findings on your model train layout.
A great trick to create depth to your model railroad is with the use of mirrors. A road or track that butts up to a cleverly disguised mirror in your backdrop will give the illusion of the road and track continuing. A mirror behind a town, shunting yard or station can make it look it twice as big.
A static grass applicator is needed if you want to use static grass, which stands up and looks very realistic.
A spray bottle is good for wetting scenery before you glue it together. Usually, with most scenery, you must wet it before using an eyedropper or similar tool to apply glue. Because it's already wet, the glue will spread through it, and when it dries it will all be fixed in place, rather than being loose.
If using foam to build scenery, using a hot wire or bladed cutting tool can make the job less messier than using a serrated knife or other mechanical tool. Be sure to use a respirator or work outside, since the fumes can be toxic.
If you have been very diligent and organized in your layout planning, you will already know exactly what structures you will be putting on your layout and where.
You will also know the exact scale sizes of your buildings and whether they will fit in the available spaces. If so, then you can go ahead and lay the track. Do the terrain first and add your buildings in as time permits.
However, some of us aren't quite that organized. You may just have a general idea that you want to put a town here and an industry there, etc. In this case, you may find that after the track is laid, you don't have enough room for the model railroad building you wanted to use. That's okay, though, because you can always kitbash the building to make it fit or even build it from scratch.
Another option is to create many of the model railroad buildings first, before the track is permanently installed. It's a good method because you can get an idea of how your structure will fit into the whole scheme of things in 3D, and whether you will need to modify your track plan (e.g., add a branch line or runaround track) to better accommodate or service the structure.
When thinking about what model railroad structures you want to have on your layout, make sure to use buildings that go along with the theme, era and locale that you have chosen for your railroad. It wouldn't make sense to have a lot of inappropriate buildings placed haphazardly on your layout just to fill in empty spaces.
This is the primary method used to create buildings for my layout. Most of them are not very expensive, are easy to build in 1 or 2 evenings, and can be easily modified before you put them together if you wish. Also, they usually look better than ready-made structures. If you don't like the color of the structure pieces as they come out of the box, you can airbrush the parts first and then put them together.
This is much easier than trying to paint structures after they have already been built. Most of these kits are made with styrene, which is easy to work with, and doesn't require much skill. You just must closely follow the directions that come with the kit. Laser kits are made with thin sheets of precut wood that might require a little more skill and time to do them well, but probably look a little better and appear more realistic on the layout.
Some kits require a fairly high level of expertise. It's not suggested that you start your model railroad building career with one of these, but they are fun to do and are very rewarding and realistic if you feel inclined to progress to the level of a model craftsman.
This method of creating model railroad buildings involves taking one or more commercially sold kits and modifying them in such a way as to develop a completely new or unique structure. This may be as simple as cutting walls to make a smaller building that will better fit into a space on your layout.
Using this method you can make a corner building fit into a city block or between two tracks that form an acute angle that no ready-made building or kit will fit into. It's a good idea to use two kits (either two of the same kit or two different kits altogether) and put them together in a way that forms a new building – perhaps a larger or taller structure than either of the originals.
Another idea is to attach a smaller building to a larger one to make it appear as if an addition was added to the original structure years after the first structure was built.
When you place your structures on your layout, you should make sure that you incorporate the structures into the surrounding scenery. Your building should not look like it was just plopped down on the layout.
It should appear well-grounded, with no gaping spaces between the ground and the bottom of the building. The trees, grass, weeds and bushes surrounding the building should be placed realistically.
Choosing locomotives is another exciting part of building your model train layout. It's always fun discovering locomotives with all the bells and whistles that fit your theme. It's very worth it to buy good locomotives; even if the other cars are junky, locomotives are the most important – quality over quantity.
It's important to understand how electricity is picked up from the tracks to your locomotive before going out and purchasing your first locomotive. Locomotives metal wheels pick up electricity from the track, which feeds into the motor that turns the gears for the locomotive to move. It can be very frustrating if your locomotive needs a push to start going or suddenly stops.
Locomotives with bad connections to the track, or a poor motor-to-gear pick up, will be very troublesome. A great operating locomotive makes up a large part of enjoying your model railroad. Like with most things that are of quality, as stated earlier, you get what you pay for.
The amount of metal wheels that pick up the electricity – the more the better, but definitely more than 1 set.
A good gearing ratio and motor which requires the least amount of electricity to move the locomotive, with a slow but smooth start.
Flywheels at one or both ends of the motor to ensure a smooth take off and smooth stop.
The weight of the locomotive should be just right to maintain a good connection to the track at all times but not too heavy to make the locomotive sluggish.
The length of the locomotive – shorter diesel locomotives are less likely to derail on the curves than longer steam locomotives.
Most hobby shops will let you test the locomotive on their in-house test tracks before you buy. Test the locomotive forwards and backwards… Check for a nice smooth take off and a nice smooth stop when the power is ramped up or down.
I usually go into my local hobby shop after doing my research online, that way I know what other model railroaders have said about the particular model. I also check the prices online, as then I can negotiate. That tip has saved me nearly 30% of the retail price in some cases.
But remember your local hobby shop has overheads and needs to make some money! So, don't negotiate too hard. Buy quality when you buy your locomotives. I guarantee the investment will be well worth it.
There is only so much we can put in this ultimate guide for model train beginners before we completely overwhelm you with information. We have provided what we believe to be the most important information.
But, like most things in life, you only really learn when you physically start implementing what you have learned. Visiting model train shows and talking to other railroaders will also help you with further ideas.
Model railroading is the greatest hobby in the world and I wish you many, many years of fun with your model trains.
James Model Trains © 2023
Free Track PlansClick Here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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After years of steamboats carrying passengers (and automobiles) across Lake Pontchartrain from New Orleans to Mandeville, the dream of building a road around the eastern end of the lake began to materialize. In 1918, efforts were initiated to build a road from Chef Menteur and New Orleans, towards the southeastern portion of St. Tammany Parish. An editorial in the St. Tammany Farmer newspaper of May 11, 1918, stated the following:
The Chef Menteur Road
When St. Tammany does it part, the road from Chef Menteur to Slidell will unite this parish to the New Orleans to the Gulf Coast road, which will give us excellent connections with other points, and the building or the road to Hammond will still further give us good roads connection.
Under the provision of the legislature automobile licenses will be turned into tho Stale road fund and will assist greatly in the construction of roads to which this parish will have access. Survey of the road from the Rigolets to Slidell and from Slidell lo East Pearl River at a point in Mississippi between Napoleon and Logtown is already completed and an approximate cost furnished.
The distance from the Rigolets to Slidell is six and a quarter miles. From Slidell to the Mississippi line is ten and a quarter miles. The work will be in charge of the State Highway Department and will be built with the funds provided by automobile licenses and lines and penalties collected in the parishes of Orleans, Jefferson, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, Tangipahoa and St. Tammany.
The cost of the road from the Rigolets lo Slidell, via the Mayfleld route, will be approximately seventy thousand dollars, and the road from Slidell to the Mississippi lino, including a draw bridge across West Pearl River and half the cost of a drawbridge across East Pearl River will be approximately $250,000.
St. Tammany parish will be a great beneficiary of this road, and its building will be welcomed and as fated as a popular movement.
St. Tammany Farmer Editorial May 11, 1918
Efforts To Aid Building the Chef Menteur Hwy Heightened in 1919
After that segment was completed, motorists from New Orleans could reach St. Tammany but had to put their cars on ferry boats (represented by dotted lines on the map below) to cross the Chef Menteur Pass and the Rigolets. There was also a ferry (dotted line) that went from the Rigolets and up the Pearl River to Pearlington.
The project made additional progress when, in 1924, a portion of the road was built heading for the Gulf Coast from the town of Pearl River in St. Tammany Parish northeastward across the Honey Island swamp to the small Mississippi town of Santa Rosa. That was before there was U.S. Hwy. 90 between Pearlington, Miss., and the Rigolets Pass. Click on the map below to see a larger version.
Click on the images to make them appear larger.
That made the Town of Pearl River the
Louisiana Gateway to the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
Bridge over the Pearl River leading into Mississippi, Year 1926. It opened for traffic in November of 1926.
Image from the Bay St. Louis Facebook page.
Thus, in the late 1920's, the only automobile route from Bay St. Louis, MS, to New Orleans was up to Santa Rosa, MS, then over the swamp to Pearl River, LA, then down through Slidell to the ferry at the Rigolets.
To get to New Orleans from there, cars had to board the ferry at the Rigolets Pass. A picture of that ferry is below.
At Bay St. Louis, Miss., a bridge had not yet been built either, so another ferry carried people and cars across the Bay.
The new road built in 1924 between Pearl River, LA., and Santa Rosa, Miss., cut across the Pearl River Swamp at a point where some of the major creeks and streams were narrow enough to cross without building a major bridge. See below.
The road across the swamp from Pearl River, LA., to Santa Rosa, MS
The topo map above shows the road built in 1924 heading northeastward out of Pearl River across the Pearl River swamp. In the 1970's Interstate 59 was completed between Pearl River and Picayune, Miss., so U.S. Hwy 11 was re-routed to follow the Interstate 59 corridor. The bridges on the short cut to Santa Rosa were removed and now the old 1924 road is used to access the interior of the wildlife management area.
Between 1924 and 1934, the highway coming in from Mississippi and making the loop up to Santa Rosa and across to the town of Pearl River was called The Old Spanish Trail, a national highway from Florida to California. The part of the highway route that ran through Slidell is still called the Old Spanish Trail.
A 1927 Highway Dept. Map
In 1928, a bridge was built over the Rigolets, eliminating the need for the ferry. It was opened to traffic on June 9, 1930.
A postcard featuring the bridge over The Rigolets, southeast of Slidell. Fort Pike is in the lower part of the postcard, so the view is looking north. Notice that on the opposite shore there wasn't any road at this time heading off to the right towards Pearlington, MS.
On the southern end of the Rigolets Bridge was the historic landmark Fort Pike.
In 1933, a new shorter route was created when bridges were built over the East Pearl River, the Middle Pearl and the West Pearl River, and a highway (the future U.S. 90) was completed between Pearlington and the Rigolets. When that was finished, the connecting road between the Town of Pearl River and Santa Rosa was no longer the Gateway to Louisiana and thus some 22 miles were knocked off the journey to New Orleans.
The topographic quad in 1936
Shortly thereafter, the Old Spanish Trail route was re-aligned over to Hwy. 90 at Pearlington. These re-alignments often happened when a shorter, more convenient section of roadway became available. Below are current day photos of the bridges built over the West Pearl, Middle Pearl and East Pearl Rivers, which gave New Orleans traffic more direct access from Mississippi.
The East Pearl River Bridge at Pearlington, MS
The Middle Pearl River Bridge
The West Pearl River Bridge
It was recently reported that the State of Louisiana may be doing some major bridge improvements to the three bridges above in the next several years.
When that eight and a half mile stretch of Hwy. 90 was opened between Pearlington and the Rigolets, it became the quickest and most direct route to the Mississippi Gulf Coast, meaning that a lot of people passed that way. So a restroom stop and a tourist attraction was bound to pop up.
Everyone remembers the White Kitchen restaurant and Reptile Jungle tourist attraction on that segment of highway.
Reptile Jungle in Slidell, Louisiana was owned and operated by the famous Arthur Jones who after opening Reptile Jungle, went on to became a millionaire when he invented the Nautilus physical fitness equipment system.
The old Rigolets bridge was replaced in 2008 with a long sweeping high-elevation bridge. CLICK HERE for more information.
Photo: Massman Construction
Below is a picture of the new bridge.
The Rigolets Bridge Today
A YouTube video explaining the sequence. Click on the image above to start the video.
The roadway between Logtown and Gainesville was later absorbed into the Stennis Space Center buffer zone and residents in the area were moved to another location.
Old Spanish Trail Renaissance Conference
The Old Spanish Trail
7th Annual Alvin Awards - Playmakers 1972
The 1972 FFA Speech
Basketball Fund-raising
That's the one!
The Peter A. Chopin Nature Preserve - 1993
Covington High Football Parade
Four Unplugged Concert at Trailhead
The Jetport Proposal
NPAS Spotlghts Spirituals Arrangements
Cemetery Tour Held
Mandeville Skippers Win District - 1960's
Margie Abel, Library Supporter Extraordinaire
Flood Devastates Covington, 1916
Louis Wagner, History Teacher
First Mardi Gras Queen in Covington
Home Tour in Covington
Building Cartoons
The Parkview Theater
Dr. Bobby Fletcher, Sr.
Lane Carson
Abbott Columban Thuis
Voluntary Singing
Covington City Cemetery
Charropin Beach and Park
Salvant Honored By Area Coaches
Fontainebleau State Park Postcard
Maintaining the Street Lights in Mandeville
St. Tammany Parish Fair Parade 2017
Covington's Pump Building
Weighing the Shrimp
Graduation Invitation 1936 - Lyon High
Waldheim Intersection Aerial Photo - 1975
Artist Claire Rohrbough


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Lowell Jensen Retires After 28 Years
November 5, 2014 pammaclean US District Court Leave a comment
U.S. District Judge D. Lowell Jensen has retired after 28 years on the federal bench in Northern California in a career that included 25 years as a prosecutor of Black Panthers and the kidnappers of heiress Patty Hearst.
Jensen, 86, was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1986 and was the last career prosecutor on the Northern District bench. He left the bench at the end of October.
He spent 25 years as AlamedaCounty prosecutor, including the job of District Attorney from 1969 to 1981. During that period he prosecuted Black Panther Huey Newton as well as the 1976 trial of William and Emily Harris, who participated in the kidnap of Hearst, as part of the so-called Symbionese Liberation Army.
Jensen joined the Reagan Justice Department in 1981, as assistant attorney general for the Criminal Division, under Attorney General Edwin Meese, who had also come from the AlamedaCounty prosecutor's office.
He was appointed to the bench in Northern California from that job.
Jensen has been on a semi-retired status since 1997, but continued to take a steady stream of cases, many of them criminal prosecutions.
Early in his tenure in the Reagan Justice Department he was considered for the post of FBI director but withdrew from consideration in 1987.
During his stint with the Reagan Administration he took part in more than a dozen espionage prosecutions and the prosecution of Mafia cases.
Jensen received his law degree in 1952 from UC Berkeley's Boalt Hall School of Law and his undergraduate degree from UC Berkeley in 1949.
Alameda CountyBlack PanthersJudgeLowell JensenretireSLA
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text:
Syrian government invites Russia to send in ground troops to protect Assad regime from ISIS
By Corky Siemaszko
Syria's foreign minister Walid al-Moallem met with United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the United Nations headquarters Thursday. He urged Russia to send in troops to protect Assad. (ANDREW KELLY/AP)
The Syrian government formally invited the Russians on Friday to send in troops to save their tottering dictator from the murderous Islamic State militants.
Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem said dropping bombs, which Moscow has already been doing for three days, is not enough.
"Terrorism cannot be fought only from the air, and all of the previous operations to combat it have only served its spread and outbreak," al-Moallem said at the United Nations General Assembly.
"Airstrikes are useless unless they are coordinated with the Syrian Arab army, the only force to combat terrorism," he said.
HILLARY CLINTON WANTS TO CREATE NO-FLY ZONES IN SYRIA
But al-Moallem, who takes his orders directly from Syrian despot Basher Assad, made no mention of claims by U.S.-backed Syrian rebel groups that the Russians have been bombing them — and not ISIS.
Nor did he mention the hundreds of Iranian soldiers who have been streaming into Syria in recent days to prop up Assad, whose hold on his country has been slipping.
As al-Moallem addressed the world body, Russian warplanes launched bombing raids in Syria for a third straight day.
Moscow insisted their latest raid targeted a command post near Raqqa, which is in the hands of ISIS.
But the U.S.-led coalition that is fighting ISIS said the Russians once again attacked Syrian rebels seeking to oust Assad.
EDITORIAL: PUTIN UNLEASHES MORE HELL IN SYRIA
"We call on the Russian Federation to immediately cease its attacks on the Syrian opposition and civilians and to focus its efforts on fighting (ISIS)," the coalition said in a statement. "We express our deep concern with regard to the Russian military build-up in Syria."
The Russians are strong supporters of Assad, whose brutal crackdown on peaceful protesters five years ago sparked a civil war that has left 250,000 dead and forced 4 million more to flee the country.
A bomb explosion is seen in Syria as Russia's launch of airstrikes against Syrian rebels has drawn ire from the U.S.-led coalition that is fighting ISIS. (Uncredited/AP)
But President Obama and most Western leaders have called for Assad's ouster — as well as the destruction of ISIS.
"This is not a smart strategic move on Russia's part," Obama said of Russian strongman Vladimir Putin's attempts to keep Assad afloat.
Obama also denied that the struggle in Syria was a proxy war between the superpowers.
"This is not a contest between the United States and Russia," he said.
ON A MOBILE DEVICE? WATCH THE VIDEO HERE.
With News Wire Services
csiemaszko@nydailynews.com


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Police: Though robbery victim pulled trigger, accomplice charged in teen's shooting death
Cincinnati police say they've made an arrest in connection with the fatal shooting of a teen during a robbery in North Avondale. (Source: WXIX)
June 27, 2019 at 4:28 PM EDT - Updated June 28 at 1:38 PM
NORTH AVONDALE, Ohio (FOX19) - A teen is under arrest in connection with the fatal shooting of his accomplice in a North Avondale robbery even though he didn't pull the trigger, Cincinnati police say.
Officers responded to the 3600 block of Reading Road at 5 a.m. last Saturday to investigate a shooting.
According to police, Jordan Lara, 15, was taken to the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and succumbed to his injuries on Tuesday.
Officers say their investigation revealed that Lara and another 15-year-old were committing an aggravated robbery at gunpoint when the female victim of the robbery fired, striking Lara. The victim is not facing charges, however police arrested the 15-year-old on Thursday and charged him with murder and aggravated robbery in connection with Lara's death.
LIVE: Gov. Beshear updates COVID-19 response, vaccine rollout in Kentucky
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A beautiful everyday tumbler ideal for serving water, coffee or even wine when a more relaxed or rustic feel is called for. We appreciate these understated vessels for the comforting way they feel in hand; covered in a smooth matte glaze they are the ideal size and weight to hold comfortably.
Our hand-thrown ceramics collection is carefully chosen to blend seamlessly with your existing kitchenware. As a result, the pieces can be collected one by one, slowly, over time.
The beauty of handmade ceramics lies in the unique variation and individual character of each piece. Skilfully hand-thrown using stoneware clay, each stone tumbler is fired, glazed and re-fired in a process that takes several days to complete. The all natural, non-toxic matte stone-coloured glaze is enhanced by subtle nuances of blue and lilac. Mixed from scratch and custom formulated to create just the right colour and texture, this glaze looks organic and understated and yet is full of surface variation. As the result of an intentional glazing process, the glaze is applied quite thickly and begins to take on a variegated and textured appearance, ultimately bringing more depth and complexity to a single glaze.
Each piece starts from natural ivory clay and is hand-crafted in California in the Sheldon Ceramics studio, one by one, making no two pieces exactly alike. Peter Sheldon has honed his craft all over the world and uses unique processes, such as a 5th-century firing technique, to achieve the signature relaxed yet refined look of his pieces.
Size: 7.6cm (D) x 9.5cm (H) though exact sizes may vary. We celebrate the variations inherent in handmade items, we hope you feel the same way.
Tip: To see more images of this product use the search field in the top left corner and search 'tumbler'.


With nothing to do, you'd be bored.  Wouldn't You?
Thought, "Maybe I'll answer a personal ad"
And why doesn't anyone like fats or fems?
And, once I got down there, I went to a bar.
I don't really drink -- but that's where men are!
And a couple of queens who had let themselves go!
That I told this young fellow, "I think that you're rude!
What makes you think that you're such a big deal?"
Id never heard anything like it before!
"With all of these guys I'm just bound to get laid!"
Then the noise of the engines.  My God, they were loud!
It was everyone's favorite, the Dykes on the Bikes!!
Then came a new group -- the Bikes on the Dykes!!!
These gals were bigger and these gals were bolder!
They carried their vehicles over their shoulders!
And up above that, through his head went a spear!!
Had his shoulders been wider he would have had more!
They called him the man with the rolodex pecs!
Who sang for us "Everything's Coming Up Roses"
They kicked up their heels just like Chita Rivera!
Who lifted their habits and showed us their buns!
I saw Horton who sported a ring through his trunk!
Smooching in public with Felix the Cat!!
'Cause down on the pavement sat marchers from ACT UP!!!
I knew him in high school!  This guy was my dream!
I told him, "Oh Bruno, I am quite in shock.
In high school I always thought you as jock!"
"You ain't seen nothing.  Just wait till you hear!
Remember Al Levy?  Remember Bill James?
They're both on my team, cause we're in the Gay Games!
Remember Joe Johnson?  He was such a geek!
Take a look at him now.  He pumps five days a week!
Recently married a gal named Eileen"
And to think that I met him on Christopher Street!


Rubén Gimeno has been the Chief Conductor of Orquesta Sinfónica del Valles, tenure that he started back in 2009 until 15/16 season.
Before taking his position in Barcelona, Rubén Gimeno was during six years Artistic Director of Galicia Symphony Youth Orchestra, responsibility that he combined with his position as a violinist at Galicia Symphony.
As a guest conductor Rubén Gimeno has successfully appeared with most of the Spanish orchestras including among others Galicia Symphony, Spanish National Orchestra, Tenerife Symphony, Euskadi Symphony, Asturias Symphony Orchestra, Bilbao Symphony, Castilla and León Symphony, City of Málaga Orchestra, Valencia Orchestra, Barcelona Symphony, City of Granada Orchestra, Oviedo Philharmonic, Orquesta de la Comunidad de Madrid and Palau de les Arts Symphony Orchestra.
International appearances include collaborations with the Norrkoping Symphony Orchestra, Gavle Symphony Orchestra, Geneva Chamber Orchestra , Orchestra MMCK (Japan), Maryland University Orchestra, SAMI Orchestra (Sweden) and Colombia National Symphony, collaborating with soloists such as Lang Lang, Midori, Steven Isserlis, Dimitri Sitkovetsky, Fazil Say, Violeta Urmana, Gabriela Montero, Behzod Abduraimov and Michel Camilo.
Ruben Gimeno is also very active at the lyric field, something that has taken him to conduct several productions at Teatro Campoamor in Oviedo including Marina, La Gran Via and Agua, Azucarillos y Aguardiente. He has also collaborated together with Galicia Symphony in performances of Cádiz by Chueca and La del Soto del Parral at Teatro de la Zarzuela. In addition, Rubén Gimeno is developing an intense collaboration with the opera series "Opera in Catalonia" having conducted so far titles such as Les Contes d'Hoffmann, L'Elisir d'Amore, Nabucco. Boheme, Madama Butterfly and Enric Granados' opera Goyescas.
Rubén Gimeno debuted with huge success at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, conducting on two gala concerts dedicated to celebrate Verdi's bicentenary anniversary.
Gimeno followed conducting studies with James Ross, graduating at Maryland University on a Master in Orchestra Conducting. Later on he further studied at the Stockholm Conservatory with the highly reputed Jorma Panula, and maestros like Alan Gilbert, Essa Pekka Salonen, Jukka Pekka Saraste and Leonard Slatkin, graduating with a Superior Diploma in Orchestra Conducting.
He has recorded with Euskadi Symphony Orchestra for the label Claves, as part of its Basque composers series.


A few years back we ran this TV commercial on a Ventura County cable TV station. The video is a funny TV Commercial that you may have seen a few years back. The video highlights our Ventura County Gopher Control services. In the video we have an actor named Bill Murray, but he's not the famous one you know from Caddy Shack. But, that is his real name. Also, at the end of the video are some of the Gopherman employees.


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Edinson Cavani given... miniature Edinson Cavani after breaking PSG record
I'm very content, very happy to be here". It was a welcome return to winning ways for Unai Emery's side after their 2-1 defeat at Lyon last weekend. He nearly grabbed number 158 just minutes later, but Portuguese defender Pedro Mendes managed to toe the ball away from the onrushing striker. Who do YOU make of Neymar's best moments against Montpellier and his Paris career so far? Pastore has been insistent that he does not want to be sold this month and he proved his talents with a ...
Wentz injury worse than feared, but Eagles quarterback targets 2018 opener
To top off the excitement of earning a trip to Minnesota for the Super Bowl, Foles and his teammates have every reason in the world to be thrilled as well over seeing the Philadelphia quarterback land on the cover of Sports Illustrated in honor of the team being NFC Champions.
UFC Charlotte Results: Drew Dober defeats Frank Camacho
As you might expect, main event star Ronaldo "Jacare" Souza's impressive head kick in the first-round against Derek Brunson that set a KO finish into motion ensured that he won himself a "Performance Of The Night" bonus into the bargain.
Alexis Sanchez a 'proper' Manchester United player - Michael Carrick
United are second in the Premier League, 12 points behind runaway leaders Manchester City, and face Spanish side Sevilla in the last 16 of the Champions League next month. I think everyone thinks the same in this country. The Manchester United boss also insisted no one was at fault after Sanchez missed a drugs test Monday.
Turner and Daniel lead No. 22 Tennessee past Iowa State
It worked out for us". Jackson called the performance soft. The 23-point loss was the worst non-conference loss since Iowa beat Iowa State by 25 in 2001. In the backcourt, redshirt junior point guard Nick Weiler-Babb started and played 29 minutes, but he finished with zero points, two assists and three turnovers.
I'm not planning to leaave Real Madrid - Ronaldo
The five-time Ballon d'Or-winner is also annoyed that Real Madrid president Florentino Perez has told him can not have a pay rise which he was promised after winning the 2017 Champions League . The Real Madrid star is unhappy with life in Spain after being taken to court over allegations he has failed to pay tax of £13.1 million. Ronaldo hit headlines for immediately grabbing a phone from the physio to check his face after being clattered while scoring his second goal against ...
Henri Saivet handed FA Cup start for Newcastle against Chelsea
Rafael Benitez has told Brighton and Hove Albion to forget about signing striker Aleksandar Mitrovic this month even if they do come up with the asking price. Kenedy asked him about life at Newcastle United before agreeing to make the temporary switch from Chelsea . After the loss to Arsenal in the League Cup, the FA Cup is arguably, their best shot at trophy this season.
How will the Pelicans defend Houston's James Harden, Chris Paul?
Paul's work with the second unit played a big part in the Rockets' December victory over the Pels. "What are we rewarding?", Harden said. But looking at the numbers, it is baffling how a team can attempt so many from downtown and get away with a win.
Willian, Morata, Courtois Out Of Newcastle United Clash; Conte Expects "Difficult" Game
The Blues are aiming to go one step further and win the FA Cup this season after they were beaten in the final by Arsenal at Wembley last term. Chelsea's inability to back the manager in the transfer market in the summer transfer window had already started showing it's effect from late November.
NFL Pro Bowl returns to Orlando this weekend
The total has come down quite a bit here. The Pro Bowl is all about throwing the ball around the yard, making big plays and taking chances downfield with creative plays. The LA Rams had eight, which was the highest for the NFC. If the player has already been to the game, they get a little less likely to participate every time .
FY2017 EPS Estimates for Novo Nordisk A/S Lifted by Analyst (NVO)
It has underperformed by 10.02% the S&P500. Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft decreased its stake in Novo ( NVO ) by 20.15% based on its latest 2017Q3 regulatory filing with the SEC. Therefore 76% are positive. According to Finviz reported data, The SMA20 of the stock is at 3.96%, SMA50 is 9.67 percent, while SMA200 is 14.4%. As per Monday, July 17, the company rating was maintained by Jefferies.
Kyrie Irving hilariously left Steph Curry hanging after Warriors win
And after he almost outscored the Celtics by himself in the third quarter-Boston posted a narrow 19-18 edge-Curry scored 13 points over the final 1:45 of regulation to hand the Warriors their third straight win. "Obviously (Irving) was the catalyst the last three years on that other team". Boston managed to push out its lead again, but the Warriors always seemed to have an answer, particularly when Kyrie Irving went to the bench.
Isaiah Thomas Says He's Taking Too Much Blame for Cavs Struggles
In nine games, the 28-year-old is averaging just 15.4 points and 3.6 assists per game while shooting 39 percent from the floor, 27.6 percent from 3-point range and a 79.4 percent from the free-throw line. There is a serious problem in the Cleveland Cavaliers locker room. Thomas has also been a critic of the Cavs' practice habits.Love, meanwhile, has groused over his reduced role in the offense since Thomas joined the Cavs after missing the first 36 games with injuries.
Darts: PDC to scrap walk-on girls after broadcaster talks
For me they are a part of the darts. James Wade, a regular in the world's top 10, married his walk-on girl, Sammi Marsh, three years ago. "Sign their petition so hopefully they can keep their jobs". The move was predicted previous year by world number one and two times world champion Michael van Gerwen, who said the days of walk-on girls were numbered.
India announce squad for T20Is against South Africa; Suresh Raina returns
Suresh Raina has been playing a lot of domestic cricket. Raina last played a T20I for India against England in February past year. Passing the mandatory "Yo Yo" test also paved the way for Raina's return. Axar Patel makes a timely return to the squad after he last featured against New Zealand where the bowling all-rounder came in handy in checking the run flow.
Seaport Global Securities Reaffirms "Buy" Rating for Spirit AeroSystems (NYSE:SPR)
Citigroup reiterated a buy rating and set a $91.00 target price (up previously from $85.00) on shares of Spirit AeroSystems in a research report on Monday, October 9th. It operates through two divisions, US and Canada. It has a 35.07 P/E ratio. Among 22 analysts covering Spirit Aerosystems (NYSE:SPR), 13 have Buy rating, 1 Sell and 8 Hold.
Tottenham Boss Mauricio Pochettino Discusses Real Madrid Rumours
In my mind, it's not a League Two team. "If we're not ready to compete from the beginning, we're going to struggle". "There's no point to talk about another team", said Pochettino, whose Spurs side finished above Arsenal in the Premier League last season and lead them this term.
Brandon Marshall: NFL should be ashamed Patriots are in Super Bowl again
Without getting into a historical argument here, it's safe to say that Bill Belichick is the greatest National Football League head coach in the Super Bowl era. "Congratulations, you guys are phenomenal, you guys are great can't get any better". Maybe get your own house in order before you start trashing others'? But how do 31 other organizations let this happen? The New England Patriots have made playing in early February a customary occurrence over the last few years, as this trip to the ...
Pakistan bat first in decider against NZ
Sarfraz is out there with Fakhar. New Zealand whitewashed West Indies in the T20I series . "Fortunately, Fahkhar and Shehzad, then Babar Azam, batted very well and that's why we scored 200". Pakistan failed to give New Zealand a tough fight over all. Tim Southee has been added to the New Zealand squad. Mitchell Santner (37) and Ben Wheeler (30) tried to rally the Black Caps but the required run rate became increasingly onerous and New Zealand lost its final wicket to the ...
The Vegas Golden Knights' new autograph policy? Kids only
It's unfortunate that many genuine fans won't be able to get autographs at this point, and it's unclear how the team will actually enforce these rules, but it's a sign of the the Knights' vast popularity that this was necessary. " I think it's the atmosphere over there ", Ovechkin said, via ForTheWin. "I was out there a couple of times with the cars and it was insane". "But I wish they would have done it differently", Roy continued.
Expulsa Venezuela a Embajador de España
La expulsión del diplomático español llega dos días después de que el Ejecutivo venezolano llamara a consultas a su embajador en Madrid , Mario Isea , debido a la " agresión injerencista y colonialista " del Gobierno de España -una decisión anunciada también a través de Twitter-.
Michigan State's Tom Izzo: 'I'm Not Going Anywhere'
The Spartans football coach forcefully denied an allegation that he mishandled a sexual assault report against a player, made in the same ESPN report. "It's been interesting two days with the things that have gone on and still trying to prepare for a game", he said. "We will cooperate with any investigation going forward", he said.
Monaco swoop for Italian starlet Pellegri
Pellegri, who will be 17 in March, added: "I am very pleased to be joining Monaco". Pellegri already has a handful of goals in his Serie A career, including a brace against Lazio earlier this season. But they will also want to begin talks for Nicolo Barella, who very much interests them and they will look to close the deal on a double signing this month.
No. 19 Auburn stays hot in 95-70 rout of LSU
Auburn did nothing to change his mind Saturday, except maybe it's the real, real deal after shredding LSU in every way imaginable - especially from beyond the 3-point arc - in a 95-70 rout in Auburn Arena. Six of his rebounds were on the offensive end. Auburn is averaging 85.6 points per game on offense this season while allowing 72.4 per game on defense.
Confusion as Umbro announces Man City signing
This is a way of thanking him for his service to the City Football Group and he will not be working with Pep Guardiola's first-team squad. Manchester City are trying to conclude deals for Athletic Bilbao defender Aymeric Laporte and Shakhtar Donetsk midfielder Fred, but out of nowhere, they appear to have done a bit of unexpected business .
Australia win toss, elect to bat against England
Glenn Maxwell has come back into the Australia side for the first time since last year's tour of India in place of Cameron White but will bat at No. Australia 1 David Warner, 2 Travis Head, 3 Marcus Stoinis , 4 Steve Smith (capt), 5 Mitchell Marsh, 6 Glenn Maxwell, 7 Tim Paine (wkt), 8 Mitchell Starc , 9 Andrew Tye, 10 Adam Zampa, 11 Josh Hazlewood.
Manchester City prepared for 'aggressive' FA Cup tie at Cardiff City - Guardiola
With few weaknesses in the side, a number of players have made outstanding contributions but a remarkable statistic concerning Silva came to light this week. "When he is able to play, he plays. The most important thing is his son in that moment, and his wife and family". The outlay could also increase before Wednesday's transfer deadline with City understood to be in talks to sign Athletic Bilbao defender Aymeric Laporte , who has a £60m buy-out clause.
Rubio's shot in final seconds helps Jazz beat Toronto, 97-93
Joe Ingles scored 11 points and Derrick Favors had 10 for Utah. He'll coach in the All-Star Game (and against his Raptors players DeMar DeRozan and Kyle Lowry ) if the Raptors win once between now and February 4 (book it) and it's a testament to his run in Toronto, which has been filled with lots of highs, very few lows and still awaiting a chance to play for a title.
Wonderkid Angel Gomes' cameo v Yeovil has got Man United fans buzzing
The Chilean completed a move to Old Trafford in a swap deal that saw Henrikh Mkhitaryan join the Gunners. "He was cheap, wasn't he?" "For that price it's fantastic". Arsene Wenger said on Friday that Arsenal should take full responsibility for failing to report Sanchez's absence to the authorities before they arrived at the London Colney training ground.
Former Lightning Brian Boyle gets loudest ovation at NHL All-Star weekend
I'm going to enjoy every minute of it". In addition to his shot-blocking ability, Cooper said Boyle's demeanor and selfless approach to the game endeared him to fans and teammates alike. Boyle smiled and waved back to the fans. San Jose last hosted the All-Star game in 1997. "He'll be as popular here as Stammer, (Kucherov), (Vasilievskiy)".
Thunder's Andre Roberson Stretchered Off After Nasty Fall, Reportedly Ruptures Patellar Tendon
He then landed hard on his back. According to ESPN , Roberson remained on the court being attended to by medical staff for several minutes. He reportedly suffered a left leg injury, as it was wrapped before he was loaded onto a stretcher that was brought out onto the floor.
Rajeev Shukla assures solution to IPL match timings issues
Meanwhile, the governing council chairman also informed that the global boards will be paid 20 percent of an overseas player's annual fee from current 10 percent if they allow their players to participate in IPL for the entire duration. The decision on IPL match timings is yet to be finalised despite new broadcasters Star Sports' request on the same, especially double-headers. "After that we have received objections from a couple of franchises", Rajeev Shukla, chairman of IPL, told reporters ...
Oklahoma basketball: Trae Young cools and Sooners fall to Alabama
But the 12th-ranked Sooners lost where it mattered most , falling 80-73 at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Ala. Five different Alabama players guarded Young at one time or another and while he had 17 points and eight assists, both numbers were below his season averages.
Imminent Liverpool signing Tony Gallacher already eyed up by Barcelona
Who else was interested: Reports this season have linked Gallacher with a host of clubs, from Rangers , Swansea and Stoke City to Manchester United and even Barcelona . Having played in 11 of Falkirk's 14 league games this term, and having broken through to feature prominently in the second half of last season, he has quickly built up a base of experience of senior action.
Antonio Conte 'happy' at Chelsea transfer policy after reports of frustration
Despite returning to winning ways in the league last weekend with a 4-0 victory over Brighton, Chelsea were knocked out of the Carabao Cup after defeat to Arsenal in the semi-final, second leg on Wednesday and Conte revealed he often stays up late after losing.
Moyes tears into 'despicable' Masuaku after spitting incident
Replays indicated Masuaku appeared to spit at Powell and Moyes confirmed after the match the player had acknowledged his indiscipline. "He deserves everything he will get, and he will get something". "The referee doesn't see it and can't see it, so it was the player's reaction that got him sent off". "He told me that he did". "Ultimately they got the right decision so I can have no qualms about it".
Federer waltzes into his seventh final
One local bookmaker says it has already paid out A$500,000 to punters who backed world number two Federer to retain the title he won in a thriller against Rafael Nadal a year ago. Federer also believes Chung's future is bright, though he's hesitant to make predictions given what he experienced when he rose through the ranks, being labeled a future No.
Steven Adams gets tech for kick to Bradley Beal's groin
Bradley Beal learned this the hard way during Thursday night's matchup between the Thunder and Washington Wizards . Beal, in obvious pain, went down and stayed down. Obviously, Green wasn't happy with how easily Adams got off for doing something so similar to Green, and told us how he really felt. After all the flack he took for kicking Adams a couple years back, he didn't hesitate to suggest Adams had kicked Beal on objective.
Carmelo Anthony becomes 21st National Basketball Association player to score 25000 points
He laid on the ground until a stretcher could get him off the court. Adrian Wojanrowski of ESPN reports that Roberson suffered a ruptured patellar tendon in his left knee. As for the game itself, OKC cruised 121-108. Anthony also reached a scoring milestone in win, passing the 25,000-point mark, just the 21st player in National Basketball Association history to do so.
Kyle Edmund ready to lead GB after spectacular Melbourne journey
It was always going to be a tough ask for the Brit, who has handled the hopes and expectations of a nation brilliantly these past two weeks. Edmund's big weapon, his sledgehammer of a forehand, was no secret but, under new coach Fredrik Rosengren, he has improved his serve and added the mental strength to flourish under pressure.
Nightclub Shooting in Brazil Leaves 14 Dead
Local newspaper O Povo reported eight women and six men were killed. According to the television channel Globo, the victims have been taken to hospitals, majority are females. "Something you never see in Ceara", a police officer, who asked to remain anonymous, told news website G1. The governor of the state, Camilo Santana, said 82% of the homicides that were recorded in December of a year ago were due to a conflict between factions of drug traffickers.
NCAA warned about MSU back in 2010
Per a report by The Athletic,NCAA president Mark Emmert was made aware of multiple reports of sexual assault involving student athletes as early as 2010, and urged to take action. Emmert allegedly received a letter from Redmond that detailed the allegations about MSU athletes sexually assaulting women. "As soon as I heard that, I thought I might have an ally".
Carson Wentz: Also tore left LCL; rehab won't be significantly impacted
Speaking to reporters Friday for the first time since he tore his left ACL and LCL on December 10, Wentz expressed confidence he won't miss the start of 2018. "I'm going to do everything I can to be ready and I'm very confident in that". "Obviously you guys want to talk about, 'Are you learning to protect yourself?' We.
Australian Open - Sunday Schedule: Federer-Cilic, history will be written
This is a tribute to his people skills, and it contributes to the bottom line between the lines. "To get to know the man behind the tennis player, I guess". Earlier in the day, Hungarian Timea Babos and France's Kristina Mladenovic claimed their first grand slam title together, defeating Russian pair Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina 6-4 6-3 in the women's doubles final.
Antonio Conte insists he is happy at Chelsea
Calm, very relaxed and I don't have this type of worry. If I remember, at the start of the season I said maybe this will be the most hard season for me. Inept performances on and off the pitch have led to Chelsea surrendering their Premier League title, losing in the EFL Cup and most pressingly, isolating the man who brought them success last season.
Wenger admits Arsenal star could leave this month
However, if that doesn't come off then a move for Giroud to Chelsea could free up the extra cash needed to complete the deal. According to UK Sun, Wenger said, " I have a consistent dialogue with Giroud and he can only leave if someone else comes into the club ".
Grizzlies' Mike Conley to Undergo Season-Ending Surgery for Heel Injury
Grizzlies point guard Mike Conley has been ruled out for the rest of the season, as he'll undergo surgery to fix a bone protrusion in his left heel, the team announced Saturday. Conley has missed time this season with an Achilles injury . The organization expects him to return before training camp for 2018-2019 season.
Hegazi skips West Brom training ahead of Liverpool clash
They are also fighting a relegation battle and the recent outcomes have gained some hope in order to retain their Premier League status. "So why should I stop now only because January 31st is almost here?" JAMES MCCLEAN is one of six West Brom players who mill miss tomorrow's trip to Anfield due to a flu bug.
Australian Open 2018: Will Roger Federer or Marin Cilic win men's singles?
CHANNEL Seven came under heavy fire from fuming fans during Roger Federer and Hyeon Chung's semi-final on Friday night. The second seed said: "In the second set I could see he was starting to get slower, fighting with the blister". "From the return, moving, forehand, backhand, serving, I think everything is in good, solid spot". "I think I can play better and better in the future".
Wenger on Giroud's Emirates future
Wenger dismissed the suggestion that Olivier Giroud was set to move to Dortmund in part-exchange if an Aubameyang deal could be agreed. " No. I have a consistent exchange with him ". Asked for an update on talks at a press conference on Friday, the French coach said: "Our intention is to keep Ozil at the club". "We're not close enough to be optimistic and not far away enough to be pessimistic".
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The 2011 census reports India's literacy rate to be 74.04 percent, well below the world average of 84 percent. According to the Cushman & Wakefield report released in September 2012, this hospitality dynamics comparison between six cities analyzes the quantum of growth in these key markets. To assess the cities based on the hospitality, the report reviewed the literacy rate.


Twenty Two Liberty may have sold out, but those looking for luxury living on Boston's waterfront will have another chance at luxury living soon.
50 Liberty is a new construction luxury condo building coming to Fan Pier just around the corner from Twenty Two Liberty.
Situated in the heart of Boston's waterfront, 50 Liberty will offer residents spectacular views, huge balconies, access to the harbor and convenience to explore the rest of Boston.
The units will have open floor plans with luxurious finishes and floor-to-ceiling windows to make the most of the incredible location.
The building will also include luxury amenities and access to all of the new amenities opening in Fan Pier.
50 Liberty has been designed by Elkus Manfredi Architects, who have focused on creating a calm and luxurious destination for residents.
This new luxury building hopes to become a destination for those approaching Fan Pier by the water and add to the inspiring designs developing within the area.
Looking for your new home on Boston's waterfront? Contact us today for more information!
As the first quarter of 2016 comes to a close, the volume of sales in the luxury market has continued its upward trend of year-over-year growth. We've seen an 11% year increase in luxury sales from December 2015-February 2016 in comparison to December 2014-February 2015. This increase can be partially attributed to the delivery of 22 Liberty in the Seaport. However, a large part is also a result of the increase in existing inventory value.
The demand for new luxury construction in Beacon Hill continues to climb despite the high barrier to entry in this picturesque, historic neighborhood. Since 2012, the average price-per-square-foot for luxury condominiums sold per year in Beacon Hill has increased by almost 35%, further illustrating that luxury real estate today is very hot. It's also the investment choice of many because it is viewed as a "safer" and "higher return" option compared to investing money in the stock market or in a bank CD.
As more and more buyers purchase real estate in Boston, prices will only continue to increase in this supply-constrained market until new inventory is built or old inventory that is severely dated is purchased, renovated and resold.
New developments are creating exciting investment opportunities as builders continue to move forward with their projects per the market demand. Today, it has become even more important to understand the luxury market and stay appraised of the current offerings in Boston in order to secure a new home or investment property to not only have a comfortable place to live but an investment that will maximize its return later on.
73 Mount Vernon Street – 73 Mount Vernon Street is a nine unit, +/-8,514-square-foot brownstone that offers investors the opportunity to own a rarely available asset with value-add potential. The property features brick construction, elegant window lines, lawn space and unobstructed rooftop views spanning the Financial District to the Charles River. It is situated along the south slope of Beacon Hill, across from the height-restricted horse stable building, which allows for views across the hill and is just steps from Louisburg Square. Working gas lamps and brick sidewalks accentuate the charm of this distinguished residential area, cordially referred to as "Billionaires Row." With a starting price at $6,500,000, which includes plenty of outdoor space including a large front yard in the most desirable part of Boston, this has the potential to be a very savvy investment.
Maison Vernon – Maison Vernon is a newly developed residence featuring seven luxury condominiums ranging in size from 1,911 square feet to 3,990 square feet. This property overlooks the nation's oldest public park and is situated at the top of Beacon Hill on the corner of Mt. Vernon Street and Joy Street. Amenities include 24-hour valet parking service, resident storage, concierge service and wine storage. Current units for sale range from two to three to four bedroom floor plans and are priced between $2,995,000 – $5,595,000.
25 Beacon Street – 25 Beacon Street is a six full-floor unit redevelopment right next to the State House. Among these beautiful luxury residences is an $11,500,000 penthouse with bike storage, direct elevator access, a wine cellar, and parking for two. Amenities for the whole building include a 24/7 concierge service, roof deck, and fitness center.
The Whitwell – Located at 32 Derne Street, these 14 luxury homes are just a few steps away from quintessential Beacon Hill shops, restaurants, antique galleries and all that Charles Street has to offer. These homes range in size from 2 to 7+ bedroom residences from 1,850 to 3,250 square feet. The Whitwell also has three large penthouses with private terraces and open floor plans overlooking the State House and Charles River for as much as $12,750,000. Amenities in the Whitwell include direct elevator access to onsite underground deeded garage parking, an onsite concierge and a common rooftop terrace.
Do you have questions about investing in Beacon Hill luxury real estate? Email us at contact@advisorsliving.com for more information and to view these properties and more.
According to The Boston Globe, The Boston Redevelopment Authority has put out a formal request for proposals for redeveloping the Winthrop Square Garage located in the Financial District. Eight development teams have already submitted proposals, including Millennium Partners, the team responsible for the Millennium Tower in Downtown Crossing, Boston's 690-foot luxury condominium. The Fallon Co., the team behind developments in the Seaport such as Twenty Two Liberty, a 118-unit luxury residential tower in Fan Pier, has also submitted a proposal. Their proposal for the Winthrop Square Garage includes two buildings composed of 32 floors of apartments and 18 condominiums. Accordia Partners pitched a 750-foot building containing 140 condominiums, a public gallery, retail and hotel.
These proposals could change as revised plans are submitted and new ones filter in in the next six weeks. For a preview of the eight pitches already submitted visit Curbed.
While proposals range from a public plaza to sky-high developments, what do you think will tower above the rest?
It's no secret that the Boston luxury condo market has grown immensely in recent years with new projects being erected left and right and of course UP but could anyone foresee a price per square foot near $4,000!? That is the new reality after the most recent sale at the Mandarin Oriental was recorded this week at a price of $12.5M for the 3,222 square foot condo. The 2 Bedroom / 2.5 Bath home came in at a record breaking $3,880 per square foot which broke the previous record set last year by nearly $1,000. We aren't even talking about a penthouse or a spectacular unit with private outdoor space, just your "average" 12th floor condo in the Back Bay.
This turn of events raises the obvious question: Where do we go from here?? Well the onslaught of new luxury towers doesn't seem to be letting up so there will be plenty of new opportunities to match this recent Mandarin sale. The much anticipated Millennium Tower project being constructed in Downtown Crossing will certainly have something to say about it. Preliminary listings have a price per square foot under $2,000 but that seems to be for the "run of the mill" options. There is still the penthouse which is said to be listed for $37.5 Million, which obviously, depending on square footage, could surpass this.
There will also be the new Four Seasons Residences, Twenty Two Liberty and Pier 4 Condos all being constructed over the next couple years that will also bring even more opportunities for record breaking sales prices to the city. There is no question that we are in the midst of an unprecedented run on luxury condo sales here in Boston and it will be very interesting to see how many more times this record will be broken in the near future.


Hi guys, I really don't like this to be my first post here. Still I'd like to know if you are still considering the people that sent you letters on April 30 since I have received no notification other than the one I got right after I sent my letter. Thanks in advance.