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Meet WHIRL Magazine's 13 Under 30 Class of 2016
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Produced and written by Liz Petoniak | Photographs by Michael Fornataro | Art Direction by Jason Solak + Alyssa Otto
After receiving an outpouring of nominations for 2016, these 13 [actually, 14 this year!] young professionals captivated us with their charismatic, bright, and ambitious attitudes. Hailing from a variety of backgrounds and career fields, they reflect the diverse and growing opportunity in our city. This year, our North Side neighbor, the Mattress Factory museum, graciously opened its doors to us, where the wide range of contemporary art harmonized with the forward-thinking mindsets and unique personalities of our honorees. We invite you to learn more about the next generation of movers and shakers, as well as the passions that drive them forward and even their favorite spots to dine in the city's ever-expanding restaurant scene. These individuals are changing Pittsburgh's professional landscape, and we're eagerly waiting to see what inspiring projects they take on next.
Special thanks to Samantha Strahota Paolo + The Mattress Factory Museum. Mattress Factory | Museum of Contemporary Art, 500 Sampsonia Way, North Side. 412.231.3169. mattress.org.
Introducing the 2016 class of rising stars in Western Pennsylvania, all under the age of 30!
Annie Federoff
Anne Lindberg, "shift lens"
As someone who's always considered Pittsburgh to be home, Annie Federoff is thrilled to join the generation of young professionals choosing to set up shop here instead of jetting off to other cities. "It's really neat to watch our city grow, change, and thrive," she says. "When I take a step back and think that each change probably began with something as small as one individual with one idea it makes me think, 'yeah, the sky really is the limit.'" Federoff aims to instill that message every day. The power yoga instructor and personal trainer specializing in individual and corporate wellness owns Pure Power Yoga in Robinson as well as 13 O'Clock Personal Training. And word is her "boot camps," held at the studio, are life-changing. "I love how our city is quickly rising as one of the most active in the U.S. Being a lover of anything fitness, it's wonderful to see so many people out and about being healthy!" she says. With her next project, Federoff hopes to spread her passion for fitness even farther. Teaming up with her best friend, Anne O'Brien, the duo is working to organize her method of personal training into an online database of endless combinations of individually tailored workouts, expected to launch within the next few months. For more information, visit purepoweryogapgh.com.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Alla Famiglia. The food is phenomenal and the owner, Jonathan, is the best."
Elena LaQuatra
Julie Schenkelberg, "The Color of Temperance: Embodied Energy"
No one is perhaps more in the know about the latest happenings in Pittsburgh than Elena LaQuatra. Born and raised in Mt. Lebanon, LaQuatra moved Downtown to study broadcast communications at Point Park University, with the dream of landing a job at a local news station. Today, she holds not one, but two positions that encourage her to go out in the community and participate in the best Pittsburgh has to offer. She says, "Pittsburgh is becoming a mecca of attraction for the 'under 30' crowd. Neighborhoods like Lawrenceville, East Liberty, and even Downtown are bouncing back and attracting more young professionals and young families. In turn, that's caused the service industry to blossom so that there are more and better restaurants, boutiques, and nightlife. I'm so proud to brag about what an incredible city Pittsburgh is any and every chance I get." In the coming months, we suspect she'll have plenty of opportunities to do so. In her role as a digital video reporter for WTAE- TV's lifestyle and entertainment channel, 4the412, LaQuatra brings her charismatic and friendly demeanor into play while covering charity events, festivals, concerts, and other city happenings. And this past December, LaQuatra was crowned Miss Pennsylvania USA 2016, allowing her to utilize her title to bring recognition to worthwhile causes, some very close to her heart, like the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, The National Kidney Foundation, Glimmer of Hope, and the DePaul School for Hearing and Speech, which she attended after contracting bacterial meningitis and becoming deaf in both ears. LaQuatra hears through a cochlear implant. As she prepares to represent Pennsylvania at the Miss USA Pageant this summer, our excitement to cheer her on during the nationally televised event will be building! For more information, visit wtae.com and misspennsylvaniausa.com.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "One of my favorites is Vallozzi's because it's delicious, the atmosphere is great, and the owner, Julian Vallozzi [a former 13 Under 30er!], makes you feel like family when dining there. I could eat the lobster ravioli every day of my life!"
Bill Donahue + Chris D'Orazio
Jacob Douenias and Ethan Frier, "Living Things"
If you look closely at GreenLight Juice's Logo, you'll notice the straw features the beautiful Pittsburgh skyline. Owners and cousins Bill Donahue and Chris D'Orazio are proud to be born and raised in Pittsburgh, and as a result, the roots of their Squirrel Hill juice bar run deep in the community, forging a bond between local growers of fresh, organic produce to blend the ingredients into a product that's quick, tasty, and healthy. In their case, two heads certainly are better than one, and their dynamic allows them to feed off each other's strengths and propel the business forward. They say, "We saw Pittsburgh as a prime market for organic beverages, as the city is rapidly growing and in need of a local company with a keen eye for the latest health food trends. We put a major emphasis on being more than just another juice or smoothie shop." Right now, GreenLight Juice is the first and only juice bar in the city to list the percentage of each ingredient on their labels, a transparency that's appreciated by those seeking the essential vitamins, nutrients, enzymes, and minerals to feel their absolute best. "Pittsburgh is on the edge of something really big," they say. "Technology giants of Silicon Valley are opening up offices left and right, the startup scene is thriving, and more health-conscious food spots are popping up. We're excited to begin this journey in Pittsburgh because the demand for healthy options is at an all-time high!" For more information, visit greenlightjuice.com.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: Il Pizzaiolo is Donahue's favorite, and D'Orazio loves Noodlehead.
Jamillia Kamara
Rob Voerman, "Faculty"
Originally hailing from Philadelphia, Jamillia Kamara, moved back to the city of her alma mater, the University of Pittsburgh, to work with Coro Center for Civic Leadership as a program manager for Public Allies Pittsburgh. In 2013, Kamara also founded her own nonprofit organization, Internationally Smart Is Cool (ISIC), focused on using assets to drive achievement in kids grades 6-8 in underserved communities. ISIC is currently partnered with the Sister Thea Bowman Catholic Academy in Wilkinsburg, where she and her team run a six-month service learning program called Smart Impact and are heading up two important initiatives. The first, The #2MillPencils Drive, is striving to collect 2 million pencils for Wilkinsburg students enrolled in public, private, and parochial schools by May 14. At the time of publication, ISIC has collected 75,000. The nonprofit will also present its second annual #SmartSummitPGH event on May 5. "Health and Wellness" will serve as the theme of this career day of standards-aligned workshops for middle school students. She says, "What is happening in Pittsburgh is a microcosm of what is occurring across the country and around the world. It is empowering to be counted among the millennials who are passionate about creating a sustainable impact and undaunted by the fear of failure." For more information, visit publicallies.org/pittsburgh, coropittsburgh.org, and smartiscool.org.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Spice Island Tea House in Oakland. I accidentally visited Spice on a rainy day while I was an undergraduate at the University of Pittsburgh. If you go, try the pad thai. It is delightful."
Falling somewhere between an "urbanite and ruralist," Pittsburgh perfectly blends the two for Ian Smith, founder of SurfSUP Adventures, the area's premier guide and outfitter for standup paddle boarding. "I love how quickly I can go from city events and culture to secluded parks and rivers. This also lets me offer standup paddle board adventures to Pittsburgh residents and visitors that can be either city-focused, or an escape to wild places," he says. With locations in Pittsburgh, Oakmont, Cranberry, Johnstown, and Moraine State Park, SurfSUP's "adventures" include eco tours, paddle board yoga, and even whitewater surfing. In 2014, Smith founded the First Waves Program, transforming his passion for paddle boarding into an initiative that uses the sport, along with the art of filmmaking and digital media, as a catalyst to inspire conservation of local waterways and mentorship of at-risk youth. With initial support from the Sprout Fund, First Waves has grown into three projects this past year and has partnered with Big Brothers Big Sisters, the Pittsburgh Filmmakers, and Paddle Without Pollution. He says, "We get to share our passions while helping local youth and our environment at the same time. It doesn't get any better than that for me." For more information, visit surfsupadventures.com and firstwaves.org.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "I recently ate at Willow for the first time and was blown away."
Audra Lee
Jonathan Latham, "Untitled"
Rather than choosing Pittsburgh, Audra Lee feels the city chose her, calling her to tap into the city's deficit of marriage and family therapy services, an issue she recognized early on in developing her passion for the mental health of families and couples. Today, Lee is a marriage and family therapist doing everything in her power to close that deficit. In 2016, she opened her own private practice in East Liberty, A Lee Consulting, where she provides individual, couples, and family counseling, as well as counseling consultation services to agencies and organizations. She also teaches psychology at Seton Hill University as an adjunct professor and serves as a board member for the school's marriage and family therapy program, where she assists in making decisions on policy and curriculum. Additionally, she provides psychotherapy for children, teens, adults, and families in low-income and minority communities at Adaptive Behavioral Services Inc. Next up on her plate is developing a curriculum for a therapeutic creative expression initiative within the Pittsburgh Public School system, which will aim to give middle and high schoolers a space to work through traumas and express themselves in an effective, creative way. In all her ventures, Lee asserts she has felt inspired by the fearless young professionals she's had the privilege of connecting with. She says, "I have seen more young professionals in the city addressing multicultural issues, which is a topic that isn't always met with open arms. That to me says that we are being courageous in our efforts to make change, and courage is something I strongly revere." For more information, visit ajleeconsulting.com, adaptivebehavioralservices.com, and setonhill.edu.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Tana Ethiopian Cuisine. The food is amazing and the atmosphere is incredibly welcoming with live music on Wednesday nights, where you can catch jazz greats like Sean Jones, if you're lucky."
Ricci Minella
Vanessa Sica and Chris Kasabach, "Umbrella"
Chances are, if you've frequented Walnut Street in Shadyside past midnight, you've probably indulged in some late night street food from the Burgh Bites cart. Building a following from these humble beginnings, Burgh Bites chef and owner Ricci Minella grew the cart into a full-service food truck and catering business in just a matter of a few short years. The mobile bistro still offers the same gourmet sandwiches and hot dogs, but has since expanded its menu with more sophisticated entrees, utilizing as many fresh ingredients as possible from his own garden. This summer, he's opening Brick and Mortar in Bridgeville, his first — you guessed it — brick and mortar restaurant space. With this new venture, Minella positions his business on the growing list of highly anticipated restaurant openings in the city. "The best and brightest from local universities are finally staying here, and the restaurant scene has actually had a huge impact on the young people living in Pittsburgh because they want to have fun, and go out to the bars and restaurants. Seeing all of that happen here has really opened my eyes to how awesome Pittsburgh has become," he says. In addition to taking home the "Best Pittsburgh Dish" award at WHIRL's Chef's Best Dish competition three years in a row, his biggest accomplishment to date is likely the popularity that surrounds the Friends of Grandview Annual Farm Dinners, where Minella and his team serve 100 guests atop Mt. Washington's scenic Grandview Park. Mark your calendars — this fourth annual feast will take place on August 21 — and is not to be missed. For more information, visit burghbitestruck.com.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "I love what the guys at Meat & Potatoes have going on with täkō and Butcher and the Rye; I love what big Burrito does; and I love The Vandal. But, my No. 1 restaurant in the city is Dish in South Side. They pay attention to food trends, but they stay true to what they do well and that's what I strive for in my food."
Bradley + Hannah Roth
Lisa Sigal, "Break It Down"
Bradley Roth
The sense that the local community operates with "all hands on deck" to make our city a great place to live, work, and visit is one of the many reasons Bradley Roth believes Pittsburgh is special. And, the Latrobe native certainly embodies that spirit, already making a mark on our region with his business savvy. In 2014, he and a partner purchased an insurance brokerage firm, McDowell Associates, located in Greensburg, and merged it with Kattan Ferretti Insurance, opening up an investment advisory business segment. Roth also co-founded a quantitative hedge fund, Sardonyx Capital, which launched in 2015. After a successful first year, the outlook for 2016 is already looking bright. Recently, Roth hosted a millennial leadership party in Market Square alongside First Commonwealth Bank, where he met with young professionals in the fields of business, entrepreneurship, community development, nonprofits, and health care, just to name a few. This experience inspired him to bring more millennial leadership events to fruition, in order to connect more young people, not just from Pittsburgh, but also Greensburg, Indiana, Altoona, and Johnstown. He says, "If we can take a regional approach to community development and entrepreneurship, I believe, in the long run, we can achieve much more." For more information, visit sardonyxcapital.com and kattanferretti.com.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Il Pizzaiolo has some great food — I love the Diavola pizza. The atmosphere is great and it's right in the middle of Market Square, so after dinner you're only a short walk from many other great places."
Hannah Roth
Living in Pittsburgh her entire life, Hannah Roth has witnessed the city grow from its industrial roots into a place that's recognized nationwide as a destination, all while maintaining a strong hold on its identity. "We foster a culture of collaboration, not competition; we encourage others' successes and relish in our own as well," says Roth. "It's true Pittsburghers have always had a sense of pride. We value our hardworking blue-collar heritage but have added to that philosophy. We're all that plus a techy, foodie, and trendy metropolitan area. This is the 'New Pittsburgh.'" As executive manager of private events at the Gateway Clipper Fleet, founded by her great-grandfather in 1958, Roth helps to carry on her family's legacy and belief that the three rivers are the city's lifeblood. She's particularly excited to be working with Riverlife, an organization that the Gateway Clipper has supported since its inception, to ensure that the rivers continue to be enjoyed by both current and future generations. She says, "This initiative is not only important to my company, but to corporations, residents, and visitors alike who enjoy the benefits of great public parks along the water as well as new boat landings and riverfront trail connections." As chair of Riverlife's Rising Tides Committee, she looks forward to expanding the mission of restoring and promoting our riverfronts, and celebrating another successful Party at the Pier on August 26! For more information, visit gatewayclipper.com and riverlifepgh.org.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Vallozzi's Downtown. My husband Brad [opposite page!] and I hosted our rehearsal dinner there. You could say it's nostalgic; the menu is full of classics, but with a twist. The polenta is one of the best dishes I've ever had. We love to go sit at the bar, people watch, and have a bottle of wine. Like my business, Vallozzi's is family owned and operated. This place has a story and history, and Pittsburghers appreciate that."
LaTrenda Leonard Sherrill
While the city's different neighborhoods and its great food scene are a close second and third, what LaTrenda Leonard Sherrill has always treasured the most about Pittsburgh is the ability for an individual to have an impact. In her role as the deputy chief of education for the Office of Mayor William Peduto, she witnesses this impact firsthand, with some of her responsibilities including securing equal access to pre-k, summer learning activities, and after-school programs for Pittsburghers. In all her experiences, she's been impressed by her peers. "Young professionals in Pittsburgh are grinding! They are making moves, starting businesses, running for office, and challenging the status quo. I know many who are inclusive and creative, and are carving out spaces for themselves that others have not yet," she says. Up next on her agenda? With Mayor Peduto placing a high priority on ensuring school-age children stay safe and continue to learn throughout the summer, Leonard Sherrill is eagerly gearing up to promote positive youth activities, from summer camps to summer jobs. And, she's looking forward to serving as a coordinating ambassador for One Young World Summit, touted as the second largest gathering of countries (after the Olympics), where the young talent from 196 nations gathers to find ways to resolve the most important issues we face today. This year, the Texas native hopes to connect more local young professionals to the conference. For more information, visit pittsburghpa.gov and oneyoungworld.com.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Culture! It's located Downtown, and I love the vibe. From the live jazz to the Manhattans, it's my type of place!"
Michael David Battle
Following his return to the city he grew up in, Michael David Battle, "a radical resistance artist, thinker, father, and lover," has been fighting to shape Pittsburgh into a city that focuses on building capacity for all to thrive. "Pittsburgh is unique because we're small enough that young professionals know each other, or know somebody who knows somebody, and we have the capacity to band together to make significant changes to our culture," he says. Through founding the Garden of Peace Project three and a half years ago, Battle created an organization doing just that, carrying out its mission to empower LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, questioning, intersex, invisible minority, asexual, and HIV+) individuals who face adversity in education, employment, health care, housing, and are even subjected to violence. "Young professionals are resisting with every breath," Battle says. "There are young people in Pittsburgh hosting healing ceremonies for queer and trans people of color, daring to speak that #BlackLivesMatter, and showing the impact of stripping others of their humanity through art." Over the course of 2016, Battle will continue his crusade on an individual level with a number of artistic endeavors already in the works, such as a full-length calendar celebrating and honoring black and brown leadership, survival, and black American culture, in addition to two written projects: Dear Michael, a series of open letters exploring shame, pain, and joy, and Open Letters, a collection of writings and performances exploring healing from internal systems of oppression, and a collaboration, with Julia Johnson, for the Young, Gifted, & Black Leadership Summit. For more information, visit michaeldavidbattle.com and gardenofpeaceproject.org.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Bangkok Balcony in Squirrel Hill."
Nina Midgley
John Morris, "Life, Afterlife"
Though Nina Midgley spent time living in the Midwest, studying at Saint Mary's College and then working at Ogilvy & Mather in Chicago, she always knew she would return home to Pittsburgh. She says, "Our city has so much to offer. There are still things that I haven't experienced after 27 years! The people, history, and the love and pride that Pittsburgh exudes make this a special place." Whipping up delicious treats like peanut butter-filled pretzels and gourmet caramel-covered apples as the owner of My Favorite Sweet Shoppe in Bridgeville, Midgley is enthusiastic about networking with fellow female entrepreneurs and feels grateful for her neighbors — MoZaic Boutique, Elliven Spa, and The Smoke Shop — all female small business owners that continue to influence and guide her. Currently, she's in the process of developing a new line of sweets for individuals that are gluten free, dairy free, or that follow ketogenic or paleo diets, to debut this spring. She also serves as an ambassador to Pirates fans as a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates Bucco Brigade and sat on the planning committee for the Autism Speaks Chef's Gala last November. The event raised more than $80,000 for autism research! My Favorite Sweet Shoppe will also sponsor the Autism Speaks Walk, June 12, at Schenley Park."It's not our grandparents' 'Pittsburgh' anymore," she says. "Seeing how other young professionals in our city are contributing to our city's rebirth is amazing to witness." For more information, visit myfavoritesweetshoppe.com and autismspeaks.org.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "I love comfort food and my new obsession is The Yard. A menu full of grilled cheese and bottomless mimosas on the weekends? Sign me up!"
Sean Beauford
Yayoi Kusama, "Repetitive Vision"
Pittsburgh is a place "where you can truly be whatever you want," says Sean Beauford. The Mansfield, Ohio, native first recognized the opportunity available in our city while visiting his mother here a few years ago. Since then, he has gone on to become an independent art curator, putting together exciting, fresh art shows at local gallery spaces like The MINE Factory, 707 Penn Gallery, and most recently, the August Wilson Center. His current exhibition, The Other Side of Pop, marked the reopening of the August Wilson Center's gallery space and debuted to an overwhelmingly positive response, generating buzz all throughout the city. This collection of works from 11 different artists, on display through March 25, explores a perspective on pop culture not frequently shown by the media. He says, "A big part of my curatorial work in Pittsburgh is out of necessity for more diversity," a principle that he applies elsewhere in his life, too. Later this year, he and Tara Coleman plan to debut a collaborative project addressing gentrification and displacement in East Liberty. Beauford is also the Patron Services Manager at the Kelly Strayhorn Theater, which just launched a "Pay What Makes You Happy" initiative for all of its shows, making diverse, world-class entertainment available for a price of the viewers' own choosing. For more information, visit seanbeauford.com and kelly-strayhorn.org.
+ Favorite Pittsburgh Restaurant: "Carmi's [Family Restaurant] in Manchester. They have amazing food, and the best chicken and waffles in the city."
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Thiruvananthapuram: General Atlantic (GA), the Greenwich-headquartered global growth investor, will invest $60 million ( 2.42 billion) in Kerala-based IBS Software Services (IBS), a leading IT solutions provider to the travel, transportation and logistics industries.
GA, rated among the top 20 private equity investment companies in the world, will thus acquire a minority stake in IBS which is headquartered in Technopark here.
In a press statement Wednesday, IBS Group chairman and managing director V.K. Mathews said the firm was excited about this partnership, which would enable it to leverage the strengths of the respective organisations.
"Being a global growth investor in the technology sector, GA will be able to provide IBS with strategic assistance to propel IBS to the next phase of its aggressive growth strategy," said Mathews.
"GA's investment will be used to further accelerate the organisation's growth through global mergers and acquisitions, and ramping up our sales, business consulting capability and infrastructure."
Founded in 1997, IBS provides new-generation software products and services for the travel, transportation and logistics sectors.
It serves more than 70 customers worldwide including top airlines, busiest airports, cruise lines and oil and gas companies, which use IBS solutions for their mission-critical operations.
IBS employs about 1,700 people globally with two development centres in India.
GA managing director Abhay Havaldar will join the IBS' board of directors and will assist the company in evaluating growth opportunities globally.
Havaldar said IBS was one of the leading software product companies in India and with its deep technical expertise, high-quality client base and strong management team, it was extremely well-positioned for continued growth and expansion.


So Justin and my niece told me that I'm on my phone too much. We went to visit her because she's home from college for a few days. When she left for school Justin was shorter than her and now he's five inches taller. Again, he's going to be tall like his dad.


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ছুটি
মাসিক ক্যালেন্ডার
হোম / ছুটি / Easter Monday
Easter Monday 2021 in Australia
Author: Supriya Kandwal | Updated 5 Mar 2022, 11:16 AM IST
Easter Monday 2021 in Australia will be celebrated on 5 এপ্রিল, সোমবার by devout Christians and is observed as an extended celebration of Easter Sunday. This day occurs after Easter Sunday, and is known to commemorate the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Known as one of the popular and religious Holidays 2021, let's read and find out more about this day and how it is celebrated across Australia.
2021 এ Easter Monday কখন?
এপ্রিল, 2021
(সোমবার)
Is Easter Monday a Public Holiday?
Easter Monday is observed as a public holiday in Australia, which means its a day off for students, college goers and the general population. This marks the end of Easter Week, and is the last holiday related to Easter Holidays. Most businesses, schools, universities, retail stores and shopping centres may either remain closed or operate during restricted hours. This day is considered to be an extended celebration of the Resurrection Of Jesus Christ, and most Australians rest, organise family get-togethers or carry out religious events on this day.
On the other hand, stores selling motor vehicle parts, building materials or household goods may remain open. However, dealing hours may decrease on the day of Easter Monday. Also, a change in the regular schedules of public transport services can be witnessed on this day.
History of Easter Monday
Easter Monday history holds relevant significance and commemorates the beginning of its observance. Easter Monday, known as one of the main Christian Holidays 2021, marks the last day of Easter Week, and celebrates the Resurrection of Jesus Christ and ascension to Heaven. The concept of observing religious rituals and holiday on the day of Easter Monday was brought in by the early English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish settlers in Australia. Previously, Easter Celebrations lasted for about eight days, and this period was often called the "Octave of Easter."
The date of Easter is decided according to the ecclesiastical Christian hierarchy of the March equinox. In ancient times, egg-rolling competitions were widely organized. People threw water on each other as a symbol of purity, and carried out merry-making. With time, the Easter period decreased to just Easter Monday.
Easter Monday Celebrations In Australia
Since Easter Monday marks the end of Easter holidays and is the last holiday of the Easter season, many Australians are seen enjoying this day with their loved ones resting or organizing get-togethers. Easter Monday remains the last day for music events and festivals to be held across the country. Some of the famous musical events include Royal Easter Show in Sydney, Canberra's National Folk Festival, the Perth International Arts Festival in WA or Western Australia, Australian Gospel Festival in Queensland and Byron Bay Bluesfest, formerly known as Byron Bay East Coast Blues and Roots Bluesfest.
Numerous sports events are conducted in Australia on this day, and a large number of people attend these outdoor events with their friends or family. Some of them include:
The famous Stawell Easter Gift athletics competition in Victoria
South Australia's popular Oakbank Easter Racing Carnival
Australian Three Peaks Race organized in Tasmania
Easter Racing Carnival in Sydney
The traditionally played Australian Football League match between the Hawthorn Hawks and Geelong Cats at the Melbourne Cricket Ground
Brisbane to Gladstone yacht race
Horse Race meetings in Melbourne
Since 61% of the population in Australia identify as Christian, families attend special Church services on the day of Easter Monday. After this, delicious dishes and sweet dishes such as Roast Lamb, Beef, Chicken, Hot Buns, Roasted Vegetables, Plum Pudding etc. are served and enjoyed at family or community get-togethers.
Small children are gifted Easter Eggs and Chocolate Easter Bilby, an Australian version of Easter Bunny. This chocolate mould of the endangered animal Bilby is enjoyed by both adults as well as kids. In Australia, rabbits are considered to be crop pests, which is why Bilby has been recognized as the symbol of Easter in Australia. Egg Knocking, a popular game in Australia, is played on this day with great enthusiasm.
Commonly, Australians use this opportunity to take a detour and spend some quality and relaxing time with their family and friends. Camping during the Easter Holidays is a common sight in Australia. People relax on beaches and travel interstate to meet their loved ones.
Easter Monday Observances
সপ্তাহের দিন
দিনাঙ্ক
ছুটির প্রকার
2019 Mon 22 এপ্রিল Easter Monday রাষ্ট্রীয় ছুটি
2021 Mon 5 এপ্রিল Easter Monday রাষ্ট্রীয় ছুটি
1. Is Easter Monday a bank holiday in Australia?
Easter Monday is observed as both a public and bank holiday in Australia. However, changes as per states and territories can occur.
2. Is Easter Monday a religious day?
Easter Monday falls the next day after Easter Sunday, and is a Christian religious observance.
3. What symbolises Easter Monday as per Australian traditions?
Cross, Easter Bilby, Hot Buns with Cross on top, Easter Lily, Spring Chicks, Lambs & Butterflies and Dogwood Tree symbolizes the day of Easter Monday.
4. Can we eat Meat on Easter Monday?
Yes, the meat of warm-blooded animals can be consumed on Easter Monday. However, some avoid consuming meat on the last day of Easter Week.
Easter Monday Celebrations in Other Countries
Easter Monday in the United Kingdom
Easter Monday in the United States
Easter Monday Celebrations Around the World
From the above information, it is evident that Easter Monday 2021 in Australia is observed on 5 এপ্রিল, সোমবার with great passion.
We hope you have liked this article on Easter Monday in Australia. Thank you for being an important part of AstroSage.
দ্রুত ঘটনা
এই বছর:
Mon, 5 এপ্রিল 2021
আগামী বছর:
Mon, 18 এপ্রিল 2022
অন্তিম বছর:
অন্যান্য বছরের জন্য তারিখের তালিকা
Australia holidays 2021
Easter Monday - Names in Other Languages
Le lundi de Pâques
Latin:
Lunedi di Pasqua
Lunea Paștelui
আমাদের ব্যাপারে জানুন | যোগাযোগ করুন | নিয়ম আর শর্ত | গোপনীয়তা নীতি

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There is a world of dreams called Dreamland, where anyone can have their wishes granted.
Three wounded and homeless animals happened to enter Dreamland.
Will they be able to find the lost treasures of Dreamland and save the world?
And will their wishes to regain their health and go back home safely come true?
- Innovative Action Puzzle Game: Each animal moves in set direction. Combined animals can move in more directions. You can also separate combined animals! Find the perfect places to combine or separate animals and clear stages quickly!
Copyright 2016. XINESS Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


right on Lake Michigan. The addition included adding to the front of the home and adding a new wrap around porch to the main level. Inside new tray ceilings with crown moldings were added, along with moving the fireplace to the other side of the living room. This opened up the space to include to built-ins on both sides giving the room a grandiose feeling. The kitchen was also remodeled and lots of additional cabinetry and space for entertaining was accomplished.


Watch F Is for Family Online Stream at Stream-tv2.ag Follow the Murphy family back to the 1970s, when kids roamed wild, beer flowed freely and nothing came between a man and his TV. Based on comedian Bill Burr's childhood.
F Is for Family Season 3 Episode 1 – Are You Ready for the Summer?


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package com.opengamma.masterdb;

import static com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList;
import static com.google.common.collect.Maps.newHashMap;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ResultSetExtractor;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcOperations;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
import org.threeten.bp.Instant;

import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.opengamma.DataNotFoundException;
import com.opengamma.core.change.BasicChangeManager;
import com.opengamma.core.change.ChangeManager;
import com.opengamma.core.change.ChangeType;
import com.opengamma.id.ObjectId;
import com.opengamma.id.ObjectIdentifiable;
import com.opengamma.id.UniqueId;
import com.opengamma.id.VersionCorrection;
import com.opengamma.master.AbstractDocument;
import com.opengamma.master.AbstractDocumentsResult;
import com.opengamma.master.AbstractHistoryRequest;
import com.opengamma.master.AbstractHistoryResult;
import com.opengamma.master.AbstractMaster;
import com.opengamma.master.MasterUtils;
import com.opengamma.util.ArgumentChecker;
import com.opengamma.util.db.DbConnector;
import com.opengamma.util.db.DbDateUtils;
import com.opengamma.util.db.DbMapSqlParameterSource;
import com.opengamma.util.metric.MetricProducer;
import com.opengamma.util.paging.Paging;
import com.opengamma.util.paging.PagingRequest;

/**
 * An abstract master for rapid implementation of a standard version-correction
 * document database backed master.
 *

 * This provides common implementations of methods in a standard {@link AbstractMaster}.
 *

 * This class is mutable but must be treated as immutable after configuration.
 *
 * @param <D>  the type of the document
 */
public abstract class AbstractDocumentDbMaster<D extends AbstractDocument>
    extends AbstractDbMaster
    implements AbstractMaster<D>, MetricProducer, ConfigurableDbChangeProvidingMaster {

  /** Logger. */
  private static final Logger s_logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractDocumentDbMaster.class);

  /**
   * The change manager.
   */
  private ChangeManager _changeManager = new BasicChangeManager();
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  // TIMERS FOR METRICS GATHERING
  // By default these do nothing. Registration will replace them
  // so that they actually do something.
  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
  private Timer _getByOidInstantsTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _getByIdTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _historyTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _searchTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _addTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _updateTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _removeTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _correctTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _replaceVersionTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _replaceVersionsTimer = new Timer();
  private Timer _replaceAllVersionsTimer = new Timer();

  /**
   * Creates an instance.
   *
   * @param dbConnector  the database connector, not null
   * @param defaultScheme  the default scheme for unique identifier, not null
   */
  public AbstractDocumentDbMaster(final DbConnector dbConnector, final String defaultScheme) {
    super(dbConnector, defaultScheme);
  }

  @Override
  public void registerMetrics(MetricRegistry summaryRegistry, MetricRegistry detailedRegistry, String namePrefix) {
    _getByOidInstantsTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".getByOidInstants");
    _getByIdTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".getById");
    _historyTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".history");
    _searchTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".search");
    _addTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".add");
    _updateTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".update");
    _updateTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".remove");
    _correctTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".correct");
    _replaceVersionTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".replaceVersion");
    _replaceVersionsTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".replaceVersions");
    _replaceAllVersionsTimer = summaryRegistry.timer(namePrefix + ".replaceAllVersions");
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /**
   * Gets the change manager.
   *
   * @return the change manager, not null
   */
  @Override
  public ChangeManager getChangeManager() {
    return _changeManager;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the change manager.
   *
   * @param changeManager  the change manager, not null
   */
  @Override
  public void setChangeManager(final ChangeManager changeManager) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(changeManager, "changeManager");
    _changeManager = changeManager;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /**
   * Gets the change manager that handles events.
   *
   * @return the change manager, not null if in use
   */
  public ChangeManager changeManager() {
    return getChangeManager();
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /**
   * Performs a standard get by unique identifier, handling exact version or latest.
   *
   * @param uniqueId  the unique identifier, not null
   * @param extractor  the extractor to use, not null
   * @param masterName  a name describing the contents of the master for an error message, not null
   * @return the document, null if not found
   */
  protected D doGet(final UniqueId uniqueId, final ResultSetExtractor<List<D>> extractor, final String masterName) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(uniqueId, "uniqueId");
    checkScheme(uniqueId);

    if (uniqueId.isVersioned()) {
      return doGetById(uniqueId, extractor, masterName);
    } else {
      return doGetByOidInstants(uniqueId, VersionCorrection.LATEST, extractor, masterName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Performs a standard get by object identifier at instants.
   *
   * @param objectId  the object identifier, not null
   * @param versionCorrection  the version-correction locator, not null
   * @param extractor  the extractor to use, not null
   * @param masterName  a name describing the contents of the master for an error message, not null
   * @return the document, null if not found
   */
  protected D doGetByOidInstants(
    final ObjectIdentifiable objectId, final VersionCorrection versionCorrection,
    final ResultSetExtractor<List<D>> extractor, final String masterName) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(objectId, "oid");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(versionCorrection, "versionCorrection");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(extractor, "extractor");
    s_logger.debug("getByOidInstants {}", objectId);

    Timer.Context context = _getByOidInstantsTimer.time();
    try {
      final VersionCorrection vc = (versionCorrection.containsLatest() ? versionCorrection.withLatestFixed(now()) : versionCorrection);
      final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = argsGetByOidInstants(objectId, vc);
      final NamedParameterJdbcOperations namedJdbc = getDbConnector().getJdbcTemplate();
      final String sql = getElSqlBundle().getSql("GetByOidInstants", args);
      final List<D> docs = namedJdbc.query(sql, args, extractor);
      if (docs.isEmpty()) {
        throw new DataNotFoundException(masterName + " not found: " + objectId);
      }
      return docs.get(0);
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the SQL arguments to use for a standard get by object identifier at instants.
   *
   * @param objectId  the object identifier, not null
   * @param versionCorrection  the version-correction locator with instants fixed, not null
   * @return the SQL arguments, not null
   */
  protected DbMapSqlParameterSource argsGetByOidInstants(final ObjectIdentifiable objectId, final VersionCorrection versionCorrection) {
    final long docOid = extractOid(objectId);
    final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = createParameterSource()
      .addValue("doc_oid", docOid)
      .addTimestamp("version_as_of", versionCorrection.getVersionAsOf())
      .addTimestamp("corrected_to", versionCorrection.getCorrectedTo());
    return args;
  }

  /**
   * Performs a standard get by versioned unique identifier.
   *
   * @param uniqueId  the versioned unique identifier, not null
   * @param extractor  the extractor to use, not null
   * @param masterName  a name describing the contents of the master for an error message, not null
   * @return the document, null if not found
   */
  protected D doGetById(final UniqueId uniqueId, final ResultSetExtractor<List<D>> extractor, final String masterName) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(uniqueId, "uniqueId");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(extractor, "extractor");
    s_logger.debug("getById {}", uniqueId);

    Timer.Context context = _getByIdTimer.time();
    try {
      final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = argsGetById(uniqueId);
      final NamedParameterJdbcOperations namedJdbc = getDbConnector().getJdbcTemplate();
      final String sql = getElSqlBundle().getSql("GetById", args);
      final List<D> docs = namedJdbc.query(sql, args, extractor);
      if (docs.isEmpty()) {
        throw new DataNotFoundException(masterName + " not found: " + uniqueId);
      }
      return docs.get(0);
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the SQL arguments to use for a standard get by versioned unique identifier.
   *
   * @param uniqueId  the versioned unique identifier, not null
   * @return the SQL arguments, not null
   */
  protected DbMapSqlParameterSource argsGetById(final UniqueId uniqueId) {
    final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = createParameterSource()
      .addValue("doc_oid", extractOid(uniqueId))
      .addValue("doc_id", extractRowId(uniqueId));
    return args;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------

  /**
   * Performs a standard history search.
   *
   * @param <R>  the document result type
   * @param request  the request, not null
   * @param result  the result to populate, not null
   * @param extractor  the extractor to use, not null
   * @return the populated result, not null
   */
  protected <R extends AbstractHistoryResult<D>> R doHistory(
    final AbstractHistoryRequest request, final R result,
    final ResultSetExtractor<List<D>> extractor) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(request, "request");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(result, "result");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(extractor, "extractor");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(request.getObjectId(), "request.objectId");
    checkScheme(request.getObjectId());
    s_logger.debug("history {}", request);

    Timer.Context context = _historyTimer.time();
    try {
      final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = argsHistory(request);
      final String[] sql = {getElSqlBundle().getSql("History", args), getElSqlBundle().getSql("HistoryCount", args)};
      searchWithPaging(request.getPagingRequest(), sql, args, extractor, result);
      return result;
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the SQL arguments to use for searching the history of a document.
   *
   * @param request  the request, not null
   * @return the SQL arguments, not null
   */
  protected DbMapSqlParameterSource argsHistory(final AbstractHistoryRequest request) {
    final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = createParameterSource()
      .addValue("doc_oid", extractOid(request.getObjectId()))
      .addTimestampNullIgnored("versions_from_instant", request.getVersionsFromInstant())
      .addTimestampNullIgnored("versions_to_instant", request.getVersionsToInstant())
      .addTimestampNullIgnored("corrections_from_instant", request.getCorrectionsFromInstant())
      .addTimestampNullIgnored("corrections_to_instant", request.getCorrectionsToInstant());
    if (request.getVersionsFromInstant() != null && request.getVersionsFromInstant().equals(request.getVersionsToInstant())) {
      args.addValue("sql_history_versions", "Point");
    } else {
      args.addValue("sql_history_versions", "Range");
    }
    if (request.getCorrectionsFromInstant() != null && request.getCorrectionsFromInstant().equals(request.getCorrectionsToInstant())) {
      args.addValue("sql_history_corrections", "Point");
    } else {
      args.addValue("sql_history_corrections", "Range");
    }
    args.addValue("paging_offset", request.getPagingRequest().getFirstItem());
    args.addValue("paging_fetch", request.getPagingRequest().getPagingSize());
    return args;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /**
   * Searches for documents with paging.
   *
   * @param <T>  the type of the document
   * @param pagingRequest  the paging request, not null
   * @param sql  the array of SQL, query and count, not null
   * @param args  the query arguments, not null
   * @param extractor  the extractor of results, not null
   * @param result  the object to populate, not null
   */
  protected <T extends AbstractDocument> void doSearch(
      final PagingRequest pagingRequest, final String[] sql, final DbMapSqlParameterSource args,
      final ResultSetExtractor<List<T>> extractor, final AbstractDocumentsResult<T> result) {

    Timer.Context context = _searchTimer.time();
    try {
      searchWithPaging(pagingRequest, sql, args, extractor, result);
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Searches for documents with paging.
   *
   * @param <T>  the type of the document
   * @param pagingRequest  the paging request, not null
   * @param sql  the array of SQL, query and count, not null
   * @param args  the query arguments, not null
   * @param extractor  the extractor of results, not null
   * @param result  the object to populate, not null
   */
  protected <T extends AbstractDocument> void searchWithPaging(
      final PagingRequest pagingRequest, final String[] sql, final DbMapSqlParameterSource args,
      final ResultSetExtractor<List<T>> extractor, final AbstractDocumentsResult<T> result) {
    s_logger.debug("with args {}", args);

    final NamedParameterJdbcOperations namedJdbc = getJdbcTemplate();
    if (pagingRequest.equals(PagingRequest.ALL)) {
      result.getDocuments().addAll(namedJdbc.query(sql[0], args, extractor));
      result.setPaging(Paging.of(pagingRequest, result.getDocuments()));
    } else {
      s_logger.debug("executing sql {}", sql[1]);
      final int count = namedJdbc.queryForObject(sql[1], args, Integer.class);
      result.setPaging(Paging.of(pagingRequest, count));
      if (count > 0 && pagingRequest.equals(PagingRequest.NONE) == false) {
        s_logger.debug("executing sql {}", sql[0]);
        result.getDocuments().addAll(namedJdbc.query(sql[0], args, extractor));
      }
    }
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Override
  public D add(final D document) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(document, "document");
    s_logger.debug("add {}", document);

    Timer.Context context = _addTimer.time();
    try {
      final D added = getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<D>() {
        @Override
        public D doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {
          return doAddInTransaction(document);
        }
      });
      changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.ADDED, added.getObjectId(), added.getVersionFromInstant(), added.getVersionToInstant(), now());
      return added;
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Processes the document add, within a retrying transaction.
   *
   * @param document  the document to add, not null
   * @return the added document, not null
   */
  protected D doAddInTransaction(final D document) {
    // insert new row
    final Instant now = now();
    document.setVersionFromInstant(now);
    document.setVersionToInstant(null);
    document.setCorrectionFromInstant(now);
    document.setCorrectionToInstant(null);
    document.setUniqueId(null);
    insert(document);
    return document;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Override
  public D update(final D document) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(document, "document");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(document.getUniqueId(), "document.uniqueId");
    checkScheme(document.getUniqueId());
    s_logger.debug("update {}", document);

    Timer.Context context = _updateTimer.time();
    try {
      final UniqueId beforeId = document.getUniqueId();
      ArgumentChecker.isTrue(beforeId.isVersioned(), "UniqueId must be versioned");
      final D updated = getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<D>() {
        @Override
        public D doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {
          return doUpdateInTransaction(beforeId, document);
        }
      });
      changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.CHANGED, updated.getObjectId(), updated.getVersionFromInstant(), updated.getVersionToInstant(), now());
      return updated;
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Processes the document update, within a retrying transaction.
   *
   * @param beforeId the original identifier of the document, not null
   * @param document the document to update, not null
   * @return the updated document, not null
   */
  protected D doUpdateInTransaction(final UniqueId beforeId, final D document) {
    // load old row
    final D oldDoc = getCheckLatestVersion(beforeId);
    // update old row
    final Instant now = now();
    oldDoc.setVersionToInstant(now);
    oldDoc.setCorrectionToInstant(now);
    updateVersionToInstant(oldDoc);
    // insert new row
    document.setVersionFromInstant(now);
    document.setVersionToInstant(null);
    document.setCorrectionFromInstant(now);
    document.setCorrectionToInstant(null);
    document.setUniqueId(oldDoc.getUniqueId().toLatest());
    mergeNonUpdatedFields(document, oldDoc);
    insert(document);
    return document;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Override
  public void remove(final ObjectIdentifiable objectIdentifiable) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(objectIdentifiable, "objectIdentifiable");
    checkScheme(objectIdentifiable);
    s_logger.debug("remove {}", objectIdentifiable);

    Timer.Context context = _removeTimer.time();
    try {
      final D removed = getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<D>() {
        @Override
        public D doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {
          return doRemoveInTransaction(objectIdentifiable);
        }
      });
      changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.REMOVED, removed.getObjectId(), removed.getVersionToInstant(), null, removed.getVersionToInstant());
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Processes the document update, within a retrying transaction.
   *
   * @param objectIdentifiable the objectIdentifiable to remove, not null
   * @return the updated document, not null
   */
  protected D doRemoveInTransaction(final ObjectIdentifiable objectIdentifiable) {
    // load old row
    final D oldDoc = get(objectIdentifiable.getObjectId(), VersionCorrection.LATEST);

    if (oldDoc == null) {
      throw new DataNotFoundException("There is no document with oid:" + objectIdentifiable.getObjectId());
    }
    // update old row
    final Instant now = now();
    oldDoc.setVersionToInstant(now);
    updateVersionToInstant(oldDoc);
    return oldDoc;
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @Override
  public D correct(final D document) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(document, "document");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(document.getUniqueId(), "document.uniqueId");
    checkScheme(document.getUniqueId());
    s_logger.debug("correct {}", document);

    Timer.Context context = _correctTimer.time();
    try {
      final UniqueId beforeId = document.getUniqueId();
      ArgumentChecker.isTrue(beforeId.isVersioned(), "UniqueId must be versioned");
      final D corrected = getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<D>() {
        @Override
        public D doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {
          return doCorrectInTransaction(beforeId, document);
        }
      });
      changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.CHANGED, corrected.getObjectId(), corrected.getVersionFromInstant(), corrected.getVersionToInstant(), now());
      return corrected;
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Processes the document correction, within a retrying transaction.
   *
   * @param beforeId  the ID before
   * @param document  the document to correct, not null
   * @return the corrected document, not null
   */
  protected D doCorrectInTransaction(final UniqueId beforeId, final D document) {
    // load old row
    final D oldDoc = getCheckLatestCorrection(beforeId);
    // update old row
    final Instant now = now();
    oldDoc.setCorrectionToInstant(now);
    updateCorrectionToInstant(oldDoc);
    // insert new row
    document.setVersionFromInstant(oldDoc.getVersionFromInstant());
    document.setVersionToInstant(oldDoc.getVersionToInstant());
    document.setCorrectionFromInstant(now);
    document.setCorrectionToInstant(null);
    document.setUniqueId(oldDoc.getUniqueId().toLatest());
    mergeNonUpdatedFields(document, oldDoc);
    insert(document);
    return document;
  }

  @Override
  public List<UniqueId> replaceVersion(final UniqueId uniqueId, final List<D> replacementDocuments) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(replacementDocuments, "replacementDocuments");
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(uniqueId, "uniqueId");
    for (final D replacementDocument : replacementDocuments) {
      ArgumentChecker.notNull(replacementDocument, "replacementDocument");
    }
    final Instant now = now();
    ArgumentChecker.isTrue(MasterUtils.checkUniqueVersionsFrom(replacementDocuments), "No two versioned documents may have the same \"version from\" instant");

    Timer.Context context = _replaceVersionTimer.time();
    try {
      return getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<List<UniqueId>>() {
        @Override
        public List<UniqueId> doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {
          final D storedDocument = get(uniqueId);
          if (storedDocument == null) {
            throw new DataNotFoundException("Document not found: " + uniqueId.getObjectId());
          }
          ArgumentChecker.isTrue(storedDocument.getCorrectionToInstant() == null, "we can replace only current document. The " + storedDocument.getUniqueId() + " is not current.");

          final Instant storedVersionFrom = storedDocument.getVersionFromInstant();
          final Instant storedVersionTo = storedDocument.getVersionToInstant();

          ArgumentChecker.isTrue(
            MasterUtils.checkVersionInstantsWithinRange(storedVersionFrom, storedVersionFrom, storedVersionTo, replacementDocuments, true),
            "The versions must exactly match the version range of the original version being replaced.");

          // we terminate the stored docuemnt (correction)
          storedDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(now);
          updateCorrectionToInstant(storedDocument);

          final List<D> orderedReplacementDocuments = MasterUtils.adjustVersionInstants(now, storedVersionFrom, storedVersionTo, replacementDocuments);
          final List<UniqueId> newIds = newArrayList();
          if (orderedReplacementDocuments.isEmpty()) {
            // since we don't have replacement documents we rather act as versionRemove than versionReplace
            final D previousDocument = getPreviousDocument(uniqueId.getObjectId(), now, storedVersionFrom);
            if (previousDocument != null) {
              // we terminate the previous docuemnt (correction)
              previousDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(now);
              updateCorrectionToInstant(previousDocument);
              // and create new copy of it extending versionTo instant to storedDocument's versionFrom instant
              previousDocument.setCorrectionFromInstant(now);
              previousDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(null);
              previousDocument.setVersionToInstant(storedVersionFrom);
              previousDocument.setUniqueId(uniqueId.getUniqueId().toLatest());
              insert(previousDocument);
              newIds.add(previousDocument.getUniqueId());
              changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.CHANGED, storedDocument.getObjectId(), storedVersionFrom, storedVersionTo, now);
            } else {
              changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.REMOVED, storedDocument.getObjectId(), null, null, now);
            }
          } else {
            for (final D replacementDocument : orderedReplacementDocuments) {
              replacementDocument.setUniqueId(uniqueId.getUniqueId().toLatest());
              insert(replacementDocument);
              newIds.add(replacementDocument.getUniqueId());
            }
            changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.CHANGED, storedDocument.getObjectId(), storedVersionFrom, storedVersionTo, now);
          }
          return newIds;
        }
      });
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  private D getPreviousDocument(final ObjectId oid, final Instant now, final Instant thisVersionFrom) {
    return historyByVersionsCorrections(new AbstractHistoryRequest() {
      @Override
      public Instant getCorrectionsFromInstant() {
        return now;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getCorrectionsToInstant() {
        return now;
      }

      @Override
      public ObjectId getObjectId() {
        return oid;
      }

      @Override
      public PagingRequest getPagingRequest() {
        return PagingRequest.ONE;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getVersionsFromInstant() {
        return thisVersionFrom.minusMillis(1);
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getVersionsToInstant() {
        return thisVersionFrom.minusMillis(1);
      }
    }).getFirstDocument();
  }

  private List<D> getAllCurrentDocuments(final ObjectId oid, final Instant now) {
    return historyByVersionsCorrections(new AbstractHistoryRequest() {
      @Override
      public Instant getCorrectionsFromInstant() {
        return now;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getCorrectionsToInstant() {
        return now;
      }

      @Override
      public ObjectId getObjectId() {
        return oid;
      }

      @Override
      public PagingRequest getPagingRequest() {
        return PagingRequest.ALL;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getVersionsFromInstant() {
        return null;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getVersionsToInstant() {
        return null;
      }
    }).getDocuments();
  }

  private List<D> getCurrentDocumentsInRange(final ObjectId oid, final Instant now, final Instant from, final Instant to) {
    return historyByVersionsCorrections(new AbstractHistoryRequest() {
      @Override
      public Instant getCorrectionsFromInstant() {
        return now;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getCorrectionsToInstant() {
        return now;
      }

      @Override
      public ObjectId getObjectId() {
        return oid;
      }

      @Override
      public PagingRequest getPagingRequest() {
        return PagingRequest.ALL;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getVersionsFromInstant() {
        return from;
      }

      @Override
      public Instant getVersionsToInstant() {
        return to;
      }
    }).getDocuments();
  }

//  private D getNextDocument(final ObjectId oid, final Instant now, final Instant thisVersionTo) {
//    return historyByVersionsCorrections(new AbstractHistoryRequest() {
//      @Override
//      public Instant getCorrectionsFromInstant() {
//        return now;
//      }
//
//      @Override
//      public Instant getCorrectionsToInstant() {
//        return now;
//      }
//
//      @Override
//      public ObjectId getObjectId() {
//        return oid;
//      }
//
//      @Override
//      public PagingRequest getPagingRequest() {
//        return PagingRequest.ONE;
//      }
//
//      @Override
//      public Instant getVersionsFromInstant() {
//        return thisVersionTo;
//      }
//
//      @Override
//      public Instant getVersionsToInstant() {
//        return thisVersionTo;
//      }
//    }).getFirstDocument();
//  }

  @Override
  public List<UniqueId> replaceAllVersions(final ObjectIdentifiable objectId, final List<D> replacementDocuments) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(objectId, "objectId");
    final Instant now = now();

    for (final D replacementDocument : replacementDocuments) {
      ArgumentChecker.notNull(replacementDocument.getVersionFromInstant(), "Each replacement document must have version from defined.");
    }

    Timer.Context context = _replaceAllVersionsTimer.time();
    try {
      return getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<List<UniqueId>>() {
        @Override
        public List<UniqueId> doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {

          boolean terminatedAny = false;

          final List<D> storedDocuments = getAllCurrentDocuments(objectId.getObjectId(), now);

          for (final D storedDocument : storedDocuments) {
            ArgumentChecker.isTrue(storedDocument.getCorrectionToInstant() == null, "we can replace only current documents. The " + storedDocument.getUniqueId() + " is not current.");
          }
          // terminating all current documents
          for (final D storedDocument : storedDocuments) {
            storedDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(now);
            updateCorrectionToInstant(storedDocument);
            terminatedAny = true;
          }

          if (terminatedAny && replacementDocuments.isEmpty()) {
            changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.REMOVED, objectId.getObjectId(), null, null, now);
            return Collections.emptyList();
          } else {
            final List<D> orderedReplacementDocuments = MasterUtils.adjustVersionInstants(now, null, null, replacementDocuments);
            for (final D replacementDocument : orderedReplacementDocuments) {
              replacementDocument.setUniqueId(objectId.getObjectId().atLatestVersion());
              insert(replacementDocument);
            }
            Instant versionFromInstant = orderedReplacementDocuments.get(0).getVersionFromInstant();
            Instant versionToInstant = Iterables.getLast(orderedReplacementDocuments).getVersionToInstant();
            changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.CHANGED, objectId.getObjectId(), versionFromInstant, versionToInstant, now);
            return MasterUtils.mapToUniqueIDs(orderedReplacementDocuments);
          }
        }
      });
    } finally {
      context.stop();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List<UniqueId> replaceVersions(final ObjectIdentifiable objectId, final List<D> replacementDocuments) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(objectId, "objectId");
    final Instant now = now();

    if (!replacementDocuments.isEmpty()) {
      for (final D replacementDocument : replacementDocuments) {
        ArgumentChecker.notNull(replacementDocument.getVersionFromInstant(), "Each replacement document must have version from defined.");
      }

      final List<D> orderedReplacementDocuments = MasterUtils.adjustVersionInstants(now, null, null, replacementDocuments);
      final Instant lowestVersionFrom = orderedReplacementDocuments.get(0).getVersionFromInstant();
      final Instant highestVersionTo = orderedReplacementDocuments.get(orderedReplacementDocuments.size() - 1).getVersionToInstant();

      Timer.Context context = _replaceVersionsTimer.time();
      try {
        return getTransactionTemplateRetrying(getMaxRetries()).execute(new TransactionCallback<List<UniqueId>>() {
          @Override
          public List<UniqueId> doInTransaction(final TransactionStatus status) {
            boolean terminatedAny = false;
            final List<D> storedDocuments = getCurrentDocumentsInRange(objectId.getObjectId(), now, lowestVersionFrom, highestVersionTo);

            if (!storedDocuments.isEmpty()) {
              for (final D storedDocument : storedDocuments) {
                ArgumentChecker.isTrue(storedDocument.getCorrectionToInstant() == null, "we can replace only current documents. The " + storedDocument.getUniqueId() + " is not current.");
              }

              final D earliestStoredDocument = storedDocuments.get(storedDocuments.size() - 1);
              final D latestStoredDocument = storedDocuments.get(0);

              // terminating all current documents
              for (final D storedDocument : storedDocuments) {
                storedDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(now);
                updateCorrectionToInstant(storedDocument);
                terminatedAny = true;
              }

              if (earliestStoredDocument != null && earliestStoredDocument.getVersionFromInstant().isBefore(lowestVersionFrom)) {
                // we need to make copy of the earliestStoredDocument
                earliestStoredDocument.setVersionToInstant(lowestVersionFrom);
                earliestStoredDocument.setCorrectionFromInstant(now);
                earliestStoredDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(null);
                earliestStoredDocument.setUniqueId(objectId.getObjectId().atLatestVersion());
                insert(earliestStoredDocument);
              }
              if (latestStoredDocument != null && latestStoredDocument.getVersionToInstant() != null &&
                  highestVersionTo != null && latestStoredDocument.getVersionToInstant().isAfter(highestVersionTo)) {
                // we need to make copy of the latestStoredDocument
                latestStoredDocument.setVersionFromInstant(highestVersionTo);
                latestStoredDocument.setCorrectionFromInstant(now);
                latestStoredDocument.setCorrectionToInstant(null);
                latestStoredDocument.setUniqueId(objectId.getObjectId().atLatestVersion());
                insert(latestStoredDocument);
              }
            }
            if (terminatedAny && replacementDocuments.isEmpty()) {
              changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.REMOVED, objectId.getObjectId(), null, null, now);
              return Collections.emptyList();
            } else {
              for (final D replacementDocument : orderedReplacementDocuments) {
                replacementDocument.setUniqueId(objectId.getObjectId().atLatestVersion());
                insert(replacementDocument);
              }
              Instant versionFromInstant = orderedReplacementDocuments.get(0).getVersionFromInstant();
              Instant versionToInstant = Iterables.getLast(orderedReplacementDocuments).getVersionToInstant();
              changeManager().entityChanged(ChangeType.CHANGED, objectId.getObjectId(), versionFromInstant, versionToInstant, now);
              return MasterUtils.mapToUniqueIDs(orderedReplacementDocuments);
            }

          }
        });

      } finally {
        context.stop();
      }
    }
    // nothing to replace with
    return Collections.emptyList();
  }

  @Override
  public final void removeVersion(final UniqueId uniqueId) {
    replaceVersion(uniqueId, Collections.<D>emptyList());
  }

  @Override
  public final UniqueId replaceVersion(final D replacementDocument) {
    ArgumentChecker.notNull(replacementDocument, "replacementDocument");
    final List<UniqueId> result = replaceVersion(replacementDocument.getUniqueId(), Collections.singletonList(replacementDocument));
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
      return null;
    } else {
      return result.get(0);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public final UniqueId addVersion(final ObjectIdentifiable objectId, final D documentToAdd) {
    final List<UniqueId> result = replaceVersions(objectId, Collections.singletonList(documentToAdd));
    if (result.isEmpty()) {
      return null;
    } else {
      return result.get(0);
    }
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /**
   * Merges any fields from the old document that have not been updated.
   *

   * Masters can choose to accept a null value for a field to mean
   *
   * @param newDocument  the new document to merge into, not null
   * @param oldDocument  the old document to merge from, not null
   */
  protected void mergeNonUpdatedFields(final D newDocument, final D oldDocument) {
    // do nothing (override in subclass)
    // the following code would merge all null fields, but not sure if that makes sense
//    for (MetaProperty<Object> prop : newDocument.metaBean().metaPropertyIterable()) {
//      if (prop.get(newDocument) == null) {
//        prop.set(newDocument, prop.get(oldDocument));
//      }
//    }
  }

  /**
   * Inserts a new document.
   *
   * @param document  the document to insert, not null
   * @return the new document, not null
   */
  protected abstract D insert(D document);

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /**
   * Gets the document ensuring that it is the latest version.
   *
   * @param uniqueId  the unique identifier to load, not null
   * @return the loaded document, not null
   */
  protected D getCheckLatestVersion(final UniqueId uniqueId) {
    final D oldDoc = get(uniqueId);  // checks uniqueId exists
    if (oldDoc.getVersionToInstant() != null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("UniqueId is not latest version: " + uniqueId);
    }
    return oldDoc;
  }

  /**
   * Updates the document row to mark the version as ended.
   *
   * @param document  the document to update, not null
   */
  protected void updateVersionToInstant(final D document) {
    final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = createParameterSource()
      .addValue("doc_id", extractRowId(document.getUniqueId()))
      .addTimestamp("ver_to_instant", document.getVersionToInstant())
      .addValue("max_instant", DbDateUtils.MAX_SQL_TIMESTAMP);
    final String sql = getElSqlBundle().getSql("UpdateVersionToInstant", args);
    final int rowsUpdated = getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, args);
    if (rowsUpdated != 1) {
      throw new IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException("Update end version instant failed, rows updated: " + rowsUpdated);
    }
  }

  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------

  /**
   * Gets the document ensuring that it is the latest version.
   *
   * @param uniqueId  the unique identifier to load, not null
   * @return the loaded document, not null
   */
  protected D getCheckLatestCorrection(final UniqueId uniqueId) {
    final D oldDoc = get(uniqueId);  // checks uniqueId exists
    if (oldDoc.getCorrectionToInstant() != null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("UniqueId is not latest correction: " + uniqueId);
    }
    return oldDoc;
  }

  /**
   * Updates the document row to mark the correction as ended.
   *
   * @param document  the document to update, not null
   */
  protected void updateCorrectionToInstant(final AbstractDocument document) {
    final DbMapSqlParameterSource args = createParameterSource()
      .addValue("doc_id", extractRowId(document.getUniqueId()))
      .addTimestamp("corr_to_instant", document.getCorrectionToInstant())
      .addValue("max_instant", DbDateUtils.MAX_SQL_TIMESTAMP);
    final String sql = getElSqlBundle().getSql("UpdateCorrectionToInstant", args);
    final int rowsUpdated = getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, args);
    if (rowsUpdated != 1) {
      throw new IncorrectUpdateSemanticsDataAccessException("Update end correction instant failed, rows updated: " + rowsUpdated);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public abstract D get(ObjectIdentifiable objectId, VersionCorrection versionCorrection);

  /**
   * Queries the history of an object.
   *

   * The request must contain an object identifier to identify the object.
   *
   * @param request  the history request, not null
   * @return the object history, not null
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the request is invalid
   */
  protected abstract AbstractHistoryResult<D> historyByVersionsCorrections(AbstractHistoryRequest request);

  @Override
  public Map<UniqueId, D> get(final Collection<UniqueId> uniqueIds) {
    final Map<UniqueId, D> map = newHashMap();
    for (final UniqueId uniqueId : uniqueIds) {
      map.put(uniqueId, get(uniqueId));
    }
    return map;
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Apr 22 Fan Film - Rebel Scum (Review)
A crashed pilot on Hoth has to find his way back to the Rebel base in this short film Rebel Scum. The mostly silent movie is shot in the freezing Alberta (Canada) with temperatures as low as -30. And, just like in the Empire Strikes Back, they used stop-motion instead of CGI, for which I can't express my respect enough. The acting is excellent, and the music sets the exact right tone in every scene.
Lost and cold, he's given up and he watches a holo of his family to remember them for the last time. Without words you see him saying goodbye to them. But then he spots a distant AT-AT. This motivates him again, and after a while he encounters a Stormtrooper who's also lost. The resulting skirmish is short, and when he has her disarmed he faces his choice between good and evil.
Although I'm not entirely sure leaving someone wounded on Hoth is the paragon way, there's something to be said for giving her at least a chance to survive. Right when he is ready to give up again, he gets an idea. Switching his and the stormtrooper's armor, he can infiltrate the walker. Having a probe-droid kill the disguised Stormtrooper was a nice touch, and the final scene gives me a big smile on my face as he marches towards the enemy force.
Article by: Joel "Mith" Storms
Apr 25 Fan Film - The Revengant (Review)


The Presidency this week released a Factsheet outlining the policy and programme achievements of the Buhari Administration since it assumed office three years ago, on May 29, 2015.
The 41-page document highlights successes in the Economy, Security and the fight against Corruption – the three priorities of President Buhari's Change Agenda.
It is organised into the following sections: Resetting the Economy; Restoring Growth, Growing What We Eat, Making Business Work, Doing More With Less, Investing In People, New Vision for the Niger Delta, Plugging Leakages and Justice Reforms.
The Factsheet, which will be updated regularly, showcases improving economic indices, rising investment in agriculture and infrastructure, successes in the fight against terrorism, and ongoing efforts to improve security in the North Central.
In addition, it lists the several measures taken to promote transparency and accountability in government finances.
· The Buhari Administration's priority Sectors of Agriculture and Solid Minerals maintained consistent growth throughout the recession.
· Inflation has fallen for the fifteenth (15th) consecutive month, from 18.7 percent in January 2017 to 12.5 percent as of April 2018.
· External Reserves of US$47.5 billion are the highest in 5 years and double the size as of October 2016.
· The first quarter of 2018 saw the fourth consecutive quarterly increase in capital importation since Q2 2017. The total value of capital imported in the quarter stood at US$6.3 billion, which is a year-on-year increase of 594.03%, and a 17.11% growth over the figure reported in the previous quarter.
· The new FX Window introduced by the CBN in April 2017, now sees an average of US$1 billion in weekly turnover, and has attracted about US$25 billion in inflows in its first year (and a total turnover of $47.14 billion) – signalling rising investor confidence in Nigeria.
· Nigeria's Stock Market ended 2017 as one of the best-performing in the world, with returns in excess of 40 percent.
· Five (5) million new taxpayers added to the Tax Base since 2016, as part of efforts to diversify Government revenues.
· Tax Revenue increased to N1.17 Trillion in Q1 2018, a 51% increase on the Q1 2017 figure.
· N2.7 Trillion spent on Infrastructure in 2016 and 2017 fiscal years, an unprecedented allocation in Nigeria's recent history.
· In May 2018, the Federal Government launched the Presidential Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF), under the management of the Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority. The PIDF is kicking off with seed funding of US$1.3 billion.
· Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA) in March 2018 invested US$10m to establish a world-class Cancer Treatment Centre at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), and US$5m each in the Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital and the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, to establish modern Diagnostic Centres. These Centres should be completed before the end of 2018.
· The Buhari Administration issued a N100 billion Sukuk Bond in 2017, Nigeria's first sovereign Sukuk Bond. Proceeds from that Bond are funding 25 major road projects across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.
FORMER GOVERNOR, IGBO BILLIONAIRE FIGHT OVER MARRIED LEGISLATOR!
Ambode Serves Ikorodu Criminals Quit Notice!


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text:
January 05, 2018 · By Brian Bakst, Minnesota Public Radio · Link to Article
Back in Minnesota, Smith starts Senate sprint
Stacy, Minn. — New U.S. Sen. Tina Smith got a quick taste Friday of the juggle between Washington and Minnesota, using her first day back in the state to hold a workforce training roundtable before heading north for more receptions and fact-finding events.
The information cramming underscores a reality for Smith: She has little time to get up to speed for the job she just began Wednesday and one she'll be asking voters to extend for two more years in a November special election.
Her appearance at the sister-owned Wyoming Machine sheet metal fabricating factory in Stacy lasted about an hour. After a tour of the factory floor, she sat for a panel discussion with company owners, Lori and Traci Tapani, as well as local education and development agency leaders.
"This is my first official event back in Minnesota as United States senator," Smith told the group, assembled at four folding tables. "It was important for me to come here because I knew when I was lieutenant governor that one of Minnesota's biggest competitive advantages was the high-quality workforce we have."
Over the hum of a welder working nearby, she added, "And also one of the biggest challenges as we look toward the future is making sure those workers have the job skills that they need to come and work at the great companies like you guys have built. And we expect we are going to be 100,000 people short for the great jobs that are being created in the state."
She heard concerns about diminished federal funding for a training program administered in part by the Central Minnesota Jobs and Training partnership. Barb Chaffee, chief executive of that public-private partnership, laid it out.
"We are in a crisis," she said. "We don't have enough people in the pipeline, and that is the issue."
She urged Smith to fight funding cutbacks as she gets down to work in Washington.
From Stacy, Smith was headed to Duluth and later to the Iron Range to discuss pensions, steel industry worries and broadband internet. She'll also appear at receptions.
Smith has little time to waste. She's a candidate for the special election just 10 months away.
With a compressed campaign calendar, Smith says she expects to keep up a fast pace that will combine both campaign and official duties.
"My number one priority is to be the best senator I can be. That is my job. That's why Governor Dayton appointed me," she said. "It certainly is a challenge, but it's a challenge that I'm up for."
Republicans will also have to scramble. So far only one, state Sen. Karin Housley, has announced. But others are looking at it.
Republican Norm Coleman said he has no interest in running for U.S. Senate again or getting into this year's race for Minnesota governor.
Former Republican Sen. Norm Coleman in the lobby of his Washington, D.C., lobbying firm. Mark Zdechlik | MPR News
"I always say never say never but running in 2018 is never," Coleman said in an interview at his Washington, D.C., lobbying firm.
Coleman, who also runs the conservative American Action Network, says he thinks former Gov. Tim Pawlenty could defeat Smith in November. He wants Pawlenty to run.
"I sat down with him. I encouraged him," Coleman said. "I think he would be a tremendous representative of Minnesota in the United States Senate."
Pawlenty has not responded to MPR News inquiries about his political future, although he recently said he's been reflecting on political matters of the day.
Late last year, former U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann said on a national talk show hosted by televangelist Jim Bakker that she is weighing a run. She hasn't given a timetable for announcing a decision.
MPR News Reporter Mark Zdechlik contributed to this report.
More News Clips
BLU letter to Congress for investments in workforce
BLU Executive Committee Members Discuss Covid-19 Response on Skilled America Podcast
Responding to the crisis before us
State chambers of commerce partner on 'work-based learning'


30/04/2013 · Why do the Generated Media animations "loop" in Sony Vegas? I simply want my text to eg, slide in from the right and then stay there? If I cut at the point the motion stops and add a second static clip it NEVER lines up perfectly with the animated text (unless you have 2 hours to make it!!!).
Sony Vegas Pro comes with four Video Scopes and an extensive range of Video Effect plugins to help you Colour Correct and Colour Grade your Video and Still i.


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CSON(Cursive Script Object Notation) is a superset of JSON that can be written by hand and translated to a canonical JSON.
Status: Draft design with a known implementation.
"with a trailing comma", # yes!
decimal-point = %x2E            ; .
quotation-mark = %x22           ; "
+ ; an union of JS identifier and XML name. see below for the rationale.
The entire value is assumed to be an object if no delimiter is found. You can write a CSON file just like an INI file.
Comma can be replaced with a newline.
Colon can be replaced with an equal sign.
String can be quoted with an apostrophe instead of a quotation mark.
Line comment starting with # is allowed.
Verbatim string, which is analogous to Python's raw triple-quoted string, can be used. Verbatim string is one or more lines starting with | (the first line can be prefixed with other constructs), and each occurrence of <newline><spaces>| is replaced with \n except for the first one which is ignored. It does not undergo any other processing, so it can be used to write a verbatim string.
Otherwise same usage and restriction as JSON is applied. For example, Unicode encoding detection specified in Chapter 3 of RFC 4627 can be adapted to CSON as well.
What is an intended use of CSON?
Same as JSON: machine-readable semi-structured data. CSON is equivalent to JSON but with a fancy and more readable syntax. It is a strict superset of JSON (its syntax is defined in terms of RFC 4627 JSON syntax) and can be converted to a canonical JSON.
You know, JSON is very annoying to write or edit by hand. Wouldn't it be great to have a syntactic sugar for JSON with all frills, bells and whistles?
See the rationale for no user-defined types, no recursive structures and whitespace-insensitive syntax. Those should be enough.
TOML is like INI, only better.
Its syntax is quite natural, but it is a bit underspecified which is a PITA for implementations. For example, how about .? How about foo bar = "quux"? How about 한글 = "Hangul"? And seriously, no Unicode escape? Really?
It is not a superset of JSON as currently specified. Of course it should be not, but its JSON fragment does not support the full JSON syntax anyway.
Having a datetime as a literal is not bad, but do not underestimate a complexity of ISO 8601. TOML should really specify what is allowed and what is not allowed; it is quite far from what the simple serialization format should do. And again, no timezone, seriously?
And it still does not fix many other annoyances with JSON: no single quoted string, no verbatim string, no multi-line string.
CSON is explicitly designed to avoid these problems. It has a defined grammar which fixes many problems with JSON but avoids to go too far.
JSON does not have them. See also the rationale for JSON compatibility.
Besides that, having them means that every implementation should recognize major user-defined types (otherwise they are useless), which is a major complexity burden. Many user-defined types can be simulated as an object with a reserved key like $type, which can be readily inspected without a prior knowledge of those types.
And of course, the complexity is an enemy to security. YAML had a big one recently.
Besides that, such a restriction is actually a good thing! Unlike programming languages, data formats should be limited in computational power (and similarly, expressiveness) in order to be efficiently processed. If your data format is Turing-complete, you cannot inspect them until it has been executed. If your data format is mutable (can be overwritten during data processing) you can't be sure of its contents for a while.
Yes, recursive structures are not necessarily harmful. LISP has supported recursive structures for long time and even has a proper serialization and deserialization algorithm. But this "feature" is not without a complexity; a naive algorithm cannot traverse a recursive structure, and it introduces free-form identifiers which are tagged but not associated to pointing structures. (This is similar to XML namespaces but much worse.) Restricting yourself in non-recursive structures saves you from such problems.
If you really want, you can always use a supplementary standard like JSPON on top of CSON. That is much better than a rule-'em-all serialization format.
It is not a programming language but a data format that can be potentially rewritten in a variety of ways. Whitespace is not visible so very prone to be changed or misinterpreted; a confusion between tabs and spaces is a popular problem even in Python.
CSON tries to avoid whitespace dependency at all cost. Ironically, this became a problem when verbatim string was added: verbatim strings often used to explicitly insert a indentation before each line. CSON solved this problem with a designated marker for verbatim string (|). It feels that you should align markers in the same column, but you don't have to. But its appearance gives a strong visual cue, and you will end up with aligning them in the same column anyway. Isn't it great?
JSON has a broad language, library and tool support. Designing a format on top of JSON automatically gives the same support. This requires a round trip compatibility, not like a forward compatibility like YAML (no YAML to JSON possible).
Could you explain bare string syntax a bit more?
What the hell with the name?
CSON is written by hand and cursive script is also written by hand. And I wanted to keep -SON suffix. I apologize for careless naming.
Note: I found that CSON also stands for CoffeeScript Object Notation after the initial draft is finished. Sigh. Maybe I should find another name.


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