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Pope Damasus I (; c. 305 – 11 December 384) was the bishop of Rome from October 366 to his death. He presided over the Council of Rome of 382 that determined the canon or official list of sacred scripture. He spoke out against major heresies (including Apollinarianism and Macedonianism) and thus solidifying the faith of the Catholic Church, and encouraged production of the Vulgate Bible with his support for Jerome.  He helped reconcile the relations between the Church of Rome and the Church of Antioch, and encouraged the veneration of martyrs.

As well as various prose letters and other pieces Damasus was the author of Latin verse. Alan Cameron describes his epitaph for a young girl called Projecta (of great interest to scholars as the Projecta Casket in the British Museum may have been made for her) as "a tissue of tags and clichés shakily strung together and barely squeezed into the meter". Damasus has been described as "the first society Pope", and was possibly a member of a group of Hispanic Christians, largely related to each other, who were close to the Hispanic Theodosius I.

A number of images of "DAMAS" in gold glass cups probably represent him and seem to be the first contemporary images of a pope to survive, though there is no real attempt at a likeness. "Damas" appears with other figures, including a Florus who may be Projecta's father.  It has been suggested that Damasus or another of the group commissioned and distributed these to friends or supporters, as part of a programme "insistently inserting his episcopal presence in the Christian landscape".

He is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church; his feast day is 11 December.

Background
His life coincided with the rise of Emperor Constantine I and the reunion and re-division of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, which is associated with the legitimization of Christianity and its later adoption as the official religion of the Roman state in 380.

The reign of Gratian, which coincided with Damasus' papacy, forms an important epoch in ecclesiastical history, since during that period (359–383), Catholic Christianity for the first time became dominant throughout the empire. Under the influence of Ambrose, Gratian refused to wear the insignia of the pontifex maximus as unbefitting a Christian, removed the Altar of Victory from the Senate at Rome, despite protests from the pagan members of the Senate. Emperor Gratian also forbade legacies of real property to the Vestals and abolished other privileges belonging to them and to the pontiffs.

Early life
Pope Damasus I was born in Rome around 305. Damasus' parents were Antonius, who became a priest at the Church of St. Lawrence (San Lorenzo) in Rome, and his wife Laurentia. Both parents originally come from the region of Lusitania. Damasus began his ecclesiastical career as a deacon in his father's church, where he went on to serve as a priest. This later became the basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls in Rome.

During Damasus' early years, Constantine I rose to rule the Western Roman Empire. As emperor, he issued the Edict of Milan (313), which granted religious freedom to Christians in all parts of the Roman Empire. A crisis precipitated by the rejection of religious freedom by Licinius, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, in favor of paganism resulted in a civil war in 324 that placed Constantine firmly in control of a reunited Empire. This led to the establishment of Christian religious supremacy in Constantinople and gradually led to a See in that city which sought to rival the authority of the Roman See. Damasus was most likely in his twenties at the time.

When Pope Liberius was banished by Emperor Constantius II to Berea in 354, Damasus was archdeacon of the Roman church and followed Liberius into exile, though he immediately returned to Rome. During the period before Liberius' return, Damasus had a great share in the government of the church.

Succession crisis
In the early Church, bishops were customarily elected by the clergy and the people of the diocese. While this simple method worked well in a small community of Christians unified by persecution, as the congregation grew in size, the acclamation of a new bishop was fraught with division, and rival claimants and a certain class hostility between patrician and plebeian candidates unsettled some episcopal elections. At the same time, 4th-century emperors expected each new pope-elect to be presented to them for approval, which sometimes led to state domination of the Church's internal affairs.

Following the death of Pope Liberius on 24 September 366, Damasus succeeded to the Papacy amidst factional violence.  The deacons and laity supported Liberius' deacon Ursinus. The upper-class former partisans of Felix, who had ruled during Liberius' exile, supported the election of Damasus.

The two were elected simultaneously (Damasus' election was held in San Lorenzo in Lucina). J. N. D. Kelly states that Damasus hired a gang of thugs that stormed the Julian Basilica, carrying out a three-day massacre of the Ursinians. Thomas Shahan says details of this scandalous conflict are related in the highly prejudiced "Libellus precum  ad Imperatores" (P.L., XIII, 83–107), a petition to the civil authority on the part of Faustinus and , two anti-Damasan presbyters. Such was the violence and bloodshed that the two prefects of the city were called in to restore order, and after a first setback, when they were driven to the suburbs and a massacre of 137 was perpetrated in the basilica of Sicininus (the modern Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore), the prefects banished Ursinus to Gaul. Both Cynthia White and Edward Gibbon have suggested a quid pro quo between the prefect Praetextatus and Damasus to secure his election and exile Urbanus, in return for Damasus's support of Praetextatus's power in Pagan circles. There was further violence when he returned, which continued after Ursinus was exiled again.

Another ancient narrative of events, the "Gesta" (dated to 368 A.D.), provides more detail. It describes Ursinus as being the valid successor to Liberius, and Damasus as following a heretical interloper, Felix. This account also records that an armed force instigated by Damasus broke into the Basilica of Julius and a three-day slaughtering of those assembled there took place. After gaining control of the Lateran basilica Damasus was then ordained as bishop in the cathedral of Rome. However, Damasus was accused of bribing the urban officials of Rome to have Ursinus and chief supporters exiled, including some presbyters.  As a result of this attempt, some of the (apparently quite numerous) supporters of Ursinus interrupted this process and rescued the presbyters, taking them to the Basilica of Liberius (identified as the "basilica of Sicinnius"), the apparent headquarters of the Ursinian sect. Damasus then responded by ordering an attack against the Liberian basilica, resulting in another massacre: "They broke down the doors and set fire underneath it, then rushed in...and killed a hundred and sixty of the people inside, both men and women."   Damasus next sent a final assault against some Ursinian supporters who had fled to the cemetery of Saint Agnes, slaying many.

Church historians such as Jerome and Rufinus championed Damasus. At a synod in 378, Ursinus was condemned and Damasus exonerated and declared the true pope. The former antipope continued to intrigue against Damasus for the next few years and unsuccessfully attempted to revive his claim on Damasus's death. Ursinus was among the Arian party in Milan, according to Ambrose.

Papacy
Damasus faced accusations of murder and adultery in his early years as pope. Edward Gibbon writes, "The enemies of Damasus styled him Auriscalpius Matronarum, the ladies' ear-scratcher." The neutrality of these claims has come into question with some suggesting that the accusations were motivated by the schismatic conflict with the supporters of Arianism.

Damasus I was active in defending the Catholic Church against the threat of schisms. In two Roman synods (368 and 369) he condemned Apollinarianism and Macedonianism, and sent legates to the First Council of Constantinople that was convoked in 381 to address these heresies.

Council of Rome of 382 and the Biblical canon
One of the important works of Pope Damasus was to preside in the Council of Rome of 382 that helped determine the canon or official list of Sacred Scripture. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church states:
A council probably held at Rome in 382 under Damasus gave a complete list of the canonical books of both the Old Testament and the New Testament (also known as the 'Gelasian Decree' because it was reproduced by Gelasius in 495), which is identical with the list given at Trent. American Catholic priest and historian William Jurgens stated : "The first part of this decree has long been known as the Decree of Damasus, and concerns the Holy Spirit and the seven-fold gifts. The second part of the decree is more familiarly known as the opening part of the Gelasian Decree, in regard to the canon of Scripture: De libris recipiendis vel non-recipiendis. It is now commonly held that the part of the Gelasian Decree dealing with the accepted canon of Scripture is an authentic work of the Council of Rome of 382 A.D. and that Gelasius edited it again at the end of the fifth century, adding to it the catalog of the rejected books, the apocrypha. It is now almost universally accepted that these parts one and two of the Decree of Damasus are authentic parts of the Acts of the Council of Rome of 382 A.D."

Jerome, the Vulgate and the Canon
Pope Damasus appointed Jerome as his confidential secretary. Invited to Rome originally to a synod of 382 convened to end the schism of Antioch, he made himself indispensable to the pope, and took a prominent place in his councils. Jerome spent three years (382–385) in Rome in close intercourse with Pope Damasus and the leading Christians. Writing in 409, Jerome remarked, "A great many years ago when I was helping Damasus, bishop of Rome with his ecclesiastical correspondence, and writing his answers to the questions referred to him by the councils of the east and west..."

In order to put an end to the marked divergences in the western texts of that period, Damasus encouraged the highly respected scholar Jerome to revise the available Old Latin versions of the Bible into a more accurate Latin on the basis of the Greek New Testament and the Septuagint, resulting in the Vulgate. According to Protestant biblical scholar, F.F. Bruce, the commissioning of the Vulgate was a key moment in fixing the biblical canon in the West. Nonetheless,  as the Catholic Encyclopedia states,

Significant scholarly doubts and disagreements about the nature of the Apocrypha continued for centuries and even into Trent,  which  provided the first infallible definition of the Catholic canon in 1546.

Jerome devoted a very brief notice to Damasus in his De Viris Illustribus, written after Damasus' death: "he had a fine talent for making verses and published many brief works in heroic metre. He died in the reign of the emperor Theodosius at the age of almost eighty". Damasus may be the author of the anonymous Carmen contra paganos (song against the pagans).

Letter of Jerome to Damasus

The letters from Jerome to Damasus are examples of the primacy of the See of Peter:

Relations with the Eastern Church

The Eastern Church, in the person of Basil of Caesarea, earnestly sought the aid and encouragement of Damasus against an apparently triumphant Arianism. Damasus, however, harbored some degree of suspicion against the great Cappadocian Doctor of the Church. In the matter of the Meletian Schism at Antioch, Damasus – together with Athanasius of Alexandria, and his successor, Peter II of Alexandria – sympathized with the party of Paulinus as more sincerely representative of Nicene orthodoxy. On the death of Meletius he sought to secure the succession for Paulinus and to exclude Flavian. During his papacy, Peter II of Alexandria sought refuge in Rome from the persecuting Arians. He was received by Damasus, who supported him against the Arians.

Damasus supported the appeal of the Christian senators to Emperor Gratian for the removal of the altar of Victory from the Senate House, and lived to welcome the famous edict of Theodosius I, "De fide Catholica" (27 February 380), which proclaimed as the religion of the Roman State that doctrine which Peter had preached to the Romans and of which Damasus was head.

Devotion to the martyrs
Damasus also did much to encourage the veneration of the Christian martyrs, restoring and creating access to their tombs in the Catacombs of Rome and elsewhere, and setting up tablets with verse inscriptions composed by himself, several of which survive or are recorded in his Epigrammata.

Damasus rebuilt or repaired his father's church named for Laurence, known as San Lorenzo fuori le Mura ("St Lawrence outside the walls"), which by the 7th century was a station on the itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs. Damasus' regard for the Roman martyr is attested also by the tradition according to which the Pope built a church devoted to Laurence in his own house, San Lorenzo in Damaso.

Damasus was pope for eighteen years and two months. His feast day is 11 December.  He was buried beside his mother and sister in a "funerary basilica ... somewhere between the Via Appia and Via Ardeatina", the exact location of which is lost.

Since 2011, this saint has given its name to the San Damaso Ecclesiastical University, a Catholic center of higher education belonging to the Archbishopric of Madrid, in Spain, where theology, Canon Law, Religious Sciences, Christian and Classical Literature, and Philosophy can be studied.

See also
 List of popes
 List of Catholic saints
 Pope Saint Damasus I, patron saint archive

References

Literature

 Lippold, A.,  "Ursinus und Damasus," Historia 14 (1965), pp. 105–128.
 Sheperd, M. H.,  "The Liturgical Reform of Damasus," in Kyriakon. Festschrift für Johannes Quasten (ed. Patrick Granfield and J.A. Jungmann) II (Münster 1970) pp. 847–863.
 Green, M.,  "The Supporters of the Antipope Ursinus,"  Journal of Theological Studies 22 (1971) pp. 531–538.
 Taylor, J.,  "St. Basil the Great and Pope Damasus," Downside Review 91 (1973), pp. 183–203, 261–274.
 Nautin, P.  "Le premier échange épistulaire entre Jérôme et Damase: lettres réelles ou fictives?," Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 30, 1983, pp. 331–334.
Cameron, Alan, "The Date and the Owners of the Esquiline Treasure", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol 89, No. 1, Centennial Issue (Jan., 1985), pp. 135–145, JSTOR
 Reynolds, R. E., "An Early Medieval Mass Fantasy: The Correspondence of Pope Damasus and St Jerome on a Nicene Canon," in Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Cambridge, 23–27 July 1984 (ed. P. Linehan) (Città del Vaticano 1988), pp. 73–89.

Grig, Lucy, "Portraits, Pontiffs and the Christianization of Fourth-Century Rome", Papers of the British School at Rome, Vol. 72, (2004), pp. 203–230, JSTOR
Lutraan, Katherine L., Late Roman Gold-Glass: Images and Inscriptions , MA thesis, McMaster University, 2006, available online -"investigates the images and inscriptions that decorate the extant corpus of gold-glass vessel bases".
 Antonio Aste, Gli epigrammi di papa Damaso I. Traduzione e commento. Libellula edizioni, collana Università (Tricase, Lecce 2014).

 Markus Löx: monumenta sanctorum. Rom und Mailand als Zentren des frühen Christentums: Märtyrerkult und Kirchenbau unter den Bischöfen Damasus und Ambrosius. Wiesbaden, 2013.
 .
 Ursula Reutter: Damasus, Bischof von Rom (366–384). Leben und Werk (= Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum. Vol. 55). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 2009,  (also: Jena, Univ., Diss., 1999).
 Franz X. Seppelt: Geschichte der Päpste von den Anfängen bis zur Mittel des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Vol.: 1: Die Entfaltung der päpstlichen Machtstellung im frühen Mittelalter. Von Gregor dem Grossen bis zur Mitte des elften Jahrhunderts. 2nd newly revised edition (by Georg Schwaiger). Kösel, Munich, 1955, pp. 109–126.
 Bernhard Schimmelpfennig:  Das Papsttum. Von der Antike bis zur Renaissance. 6th edition. Bibliographically revised and updated by Elke Goez. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 2009, .

External links

Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia

Popes
305 births
384 deaths
Papal names
4th-century Christian saints
4th-century Romans
Ancient Christians involved in controversies
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4th-century popes
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Use a mortar and pestle to grind all of the rub ingredients into a paste, chop the garlic a bit first to make it easier on yourself. It won't be a smooth paste, but amalgamate it as much as you can and it will soften in the cooking, I promise.
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Service Providers. We may share your information with outside vendors that we use for a variety of purposes, such as to send you emails and messages on behalf of other Wolf members, push notifications to your mobile device on our behalf, provide voice recognition services to process your spoken queries and questions, help us analyze use of our Services, and process and collect payments. Some of our products, services, and databases are hosted by third-party hosting services providers. We also may use vendors for other projects, such as conducting surveys or organizing sweepstakes for us. We may share information about you with these vendors only to enable them to perform their services.
Social Networks. If you interact with social media features on our Services, such as the Facebook Like button, or use your social media credentials to log-in or post content, these features may collect information about your use of the Services, as well as post information about your activities on the social media service. Your interactions with social media companies are governed by their privacy policies.
If we believe disclosure is necessary or appropriate to protect the rights, property, or safety of Wolf, our customers or others. This includes exchanging information with other companies and organizations for the purposes of fraud protection and credit risk reduction.
Consent. We may share your information in any other circumstances where we have your consent.
When you make a restaurant reservation or execute online food ordering transaction through our Services, your information is provided to us and to the restaurants with whom you choose to reserve. In order to facilitate your reservation and online food order processing, we provide your information to that restaurant in a similar manner as if you had made a reservation or food order directly with the restaurant. If you provide a mobile phone number, restaurants or Wolf may send you text messages regarding your reservation or order's delivery status. Some restaurants also require you to provide credit or debit card account information to secure your reservation. When you make a restaurant reservation or online food ordering transaction through our Services and/or make a payment to a restaurant through our Services, we may also share with the restaurant's additional information, such as information about your dining preferences and history or information that we collect from third-parties.
The information you choose to share with a restaurant when you make a reservation and/or pay a restaurant through our Services may be used by the restaurant for its own purposes. We do not control the privacy practices of restaurants. Please contact the restaurant directly if you want to learn about its privacy practices.
When you use a credit or debit card to secure a reservation through our Sites, we provide your credit or debit card account information (including card number and expiration date) to our third-party payment service providers and the applicable restaurant.
For information about the security of your credit or debit card account information, see the "Security" section below.
To help us better understand your use of the Services, we may use third-party web analytics on our Services, such as Google Analytics. These service providers use the sort of technology described in the "Automatically-Collected Information" Section above. The information collected by this technology will be disclosed to or collected directly by these service providers, who use the information to evaluate our users' use of the Services. We also use Google Analytics as described in the following section. To prevent Google Analytics from collecting or using your information, you may install the Google Analytics Opt-Out Browser Add-on.
When accessing the Services from a mobile application you may also receive tailored in-application advertisements. Each operating system: iOS, Android and Windows Phone provides its own instructions on how to prevent the delivery of tailored in-application advertisements. You may review the support materials and/or the privacy settings for the respective operating systems in order to opt-out of tailored in-application advertisements. For any other devices and/or operating systems, please visit the privacy settings for the applicable device or operating system or contact the applicable platform operator.
We are committed to providing you with meaningful choices about the information collected on our Services for third-party purposes, and that is why we provide the above links to the NAI "Consumer Opt-out", DAA opt-out, and Google opt-out. However, we do not currently recognize or respond to browser-initiated Do Not Track signals, as the Internet industry is still working on Do Not Track standards, implementations, and solutions.
When you sign up for an account, you are opting in to receive emails from other Wolf users, businesses, and Wolf itself. You can log in to manage your email preferences in your profile and you can follow the "unsubscribe" instructions in commercial email messages, but note that you cannot opt out of receiving certain administrative notices, service notices, or legal notices from Wolf.
If you would like to review, change or delete personal information we have collected from you, or permanently delete your account, please use the "Contact Us" link at the bottom of every page (also located here), or contact the Wolf Privacy Officer.
We encourage you to review, update and correct the personal information that we maintain about you, and you may request that we delete personal information about you that is inaccurate, incomplete, or irrelevant for legitimate purposes, or are being processed in a way which infringes any applicable legal requirement.
Your right to review, update, correct, and delete your personal information may be limited, subject to the law of your jurisdiction: (i) if your requests are abusive or unreasonably excessive, (ii) where the rights or safety of another person or persons would be encroached upon, or (iii) if the information or material you request relates to existing or anticipated legal proceedings between you and us, or providing access to you would prejudice negotiations between us or an investigation of possible unlawful activity. Your right to review, update, correct, and delete your information is subject to our records retention policies and applicable law, including any statutory retention requirements.
We assume no liability or responsibility for disclosure of your information due to errors in transmission, unauthorized third-party access, or other causes beyond our control. You play an important role in keeping your personal information secure. You should not share your username, password, or other security information for your Wolf account with anyone. If we receive instructions using your user name and password, we will consider that you have authorized the instructions.
Under data protection law, you may have a number of rights concerning the data we hold about you. If you wish to exercise any of these rights, please contact our Data Protection Officer using the contact details set out above. For additional information on your rights please contact your data protection authority and see below.
The right to be informed. You have the right to be provided with clear, transparent and easily understandable information about how we use your information and your rights. This is why we're providing you with the information in this policy.
The right of access. You have the right to obtain access to your information (if we're processing it). This will enable you, for example, to check that we're using your information in accordance with data protection law. If you wish to access the information we hold about you in this way, please get in touch (see Contact Details).
The right to rectification. You are entitled to have your information corrected if it is inaccurate or incomplete. You can request that we rectify any errors in information that we hold by contacting us (see Contact Details).
The right to erasure. This is also known as 'the right to be forgotten' and, in simple terms, enables you to request the deletion or removal of certain of the information that we hold about you by contacting us (see Contact Details).
The right to restrict processing. You have rights to 'block' or 'suppress' further use of your information. When processing is restricted, we can still store your information, but will not use it further.
The right to data portability. You have the right to obtain your personal information in an accessible and transferrable format so that you can re-use it for your own purposes across different service providers. This is not a general right however and there are exceptions. To learn more please get in touch (see Contact Details).
The right to lodge a complaint. You have the right to lodge a complaint about the way we handle or process your information with the national data protection authority.
The right to withdraw consent. If you have given your consent to anything we do with your information (i.e. we rely on consent as a legal basis for processing your information), you have the right to withdraw that consent at any time. You can do this by contacting us (see Contact Details). Withdrawing consent will not however make unlawful our use of your information while consent had been apparent.
The right to object to processing. You have the right to object to certain types of processing, including processing for direct marketing and profiling. You can object by changing your marketing preferences or disabling cookies as set out in sections 7 and 8 above.
If you want to exercise any of these rights, then send an email to DPO at DPO@wolf.ooo.


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Alberta's Brandy Payne says she won't run for re-election in 2019
Brandy Payne tours Calgary's Bow Valley College nursing program on Feb. 11, 2015.Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail
Alberta Associate Health Minister Brandy Payne says she won't run for re-election next year because juggling job responsibilities with her young family is proving too burdensome.
Payne says she wants to spend more time in Calgary with her husband and two young girls, aged six and one.
She announced her decision last week on Facebook, and says being away from her loved ones for long periods of time has been difficult.
Payne has been associate health minister for more than two years, steering efforts to reduce deaths and overdoses caused by opioids.
She is a first term legislature member, beating former Progressive Conservative cabinet minister Jonathan Denis in the Calgary-Acadia constituency in the 2015 general election.
She is one of three NDP cabinet ministers who have had children while on executive council, along with Service Alberta Minister Stephanie McLean and Justice Minister Kathleen Ganley.
"One of the downsides of being an out-of-town member is that there is a lot of time away from family," Payne said Tuesday.
"With young kids we were finding it was just too hard for me to be the mom that I wanted to be."
Payne said her decision doesn't reflect concerns that the NDP will lose seats in Calgary in the next election.
The city has been hit hard by falling job numbers due to the prolonged slump in oil prices.
"I'm hearing a lot more positivity in Calgary for the work that our government is doing," she said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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René Rickabaugh
New Paintings and Vessels
December 1 – 23, 2005
René Rickabaughpaints with a virtuoso's skill and imagination. His astoundingly intricate paintings are like treasured, iconic gems. The amazing detail he brings to these small works, whether it's a depiction of a bird or fruit basket, takes you into a fantastic world of wit and whimsy. His incredible imagination provides a wealth of wonderment intimately taking the viewer into a private place. A place highly elaborate created in gouache or watercolor and presented within hand built, embellished frames. His painterly skill is truly a wonder to behold and, in this exhibition, appears on the surface of handmade vessels also. His whimsy gives the work humor, but his sense of beauty takes the viewer into a whole new dimension.
René Rickabaugh has exhibited his work since 1972 in numerous shows, including exhibitions in Portland, Seattle and New York. He received his BFA from the Pacific Northwest College of Art, where he also taught from 1984 to 1987. He has had one-person exhibitions at the Portland Art Museum, the University of Oregon Art Museum in Eugene, and the Allan Stone Gallery in New York. His work is in many private and public collections.


Yuval Harari's recent article in the New Statesman, "Salvation by algorithm: God,technology and the new 21st-century religions," invites considerable reflection on the nature of religion and the development of technology. Though not outright hostile to religious belief, even if he sees little future for historical world religions, Harari poses clear challenges to all religious traditions.(1) At the heart of the article, Harari provokes a number of questions about the relationship between religion and technology that deserve reflection.
Harari begins the piece by suggesting Silicon Valley is "the most interesting place in the world from a religious perspective." This is the case, he argues, because technology innovators offer "new religions that have little to do with God, and everything to do with technology." Many of the age-old promises religions have offered, "happiness, peace, justice and eternal life in paradise," are reportedly being offered by the tech industry.
Harari then claims that, "New technologies kill old gods and give birth to new gods." This reveals the heart of his argument about the complex relationship between historical religions and technology. He makes the case they have both been powerful social forces that maintain the capacity to shape and direct the development of private and public life. They have and can continue to help address social problems and provide hopeful solutions. And while they are often seen to be in conflict, they need not be, if only the world's historical religions embraced their social purpose and became more flexible about things like doctrine.
Upon initial reflection, I find Harari's definition of religion overly simplistic and instrumental, and something similar could be said about his definition of spirituality. However, I think he gets something wrong about these two that is more than definitional. Granting the definitions he makes for the sake of argument, Harari misses something significant about the relationship between religion and spirituality and what they might offer a technologically advancing world.
Harari is right, and his analysis is at least partially in concert with recent social theory, to recognize religion's liturgical and social power in shaping daily practices and collective life. He is also correct that religions can serve to grant legitimacy to certain claims on authority. However, I would argue a constitutive element to some religious traditions are their very commitments to tradition that resist Harari's progressivist analysis of culture. While he sees this only as a burden, an obstacle that merely serves to stifle development, I am not so sure.
Religious traditions, at their best, preserve not uncritically the content of great wisdom traditions. Many religious thinkers have argued, as Mirsolav Volf recently has, that religions are often the bearers of some of the most compelling visions of human flourishing.(2) At the same time, religious traditions offer embodied, communal practices and rituals that ground spiritual life. Harari's sketch of the relationship between religion and spirituality essentially misses this organic connection between the two.
My contention is that there is something more abiding and ancient about what it is to live a life of human flourishing, to live the good life, than Harari recognizes. Exploring the nature of the good life includes a dialectic between the great religious and wisdom traditions and the contemporary context. Harari seems overly committed to the latter at the expense of the former. It's precisely this dialectic, a dialogue between the past and the present, that relies upon seasoned and lasting wisdom and tradition.
Here consideration of religion's relationship with technology emerges anew. As I see it, the question always before us as technology advances is something like, how can technological advancement contribute to human flourishing or the flourishing of the world? Such a question depends upon great historical religious traditions to preserve, cultivate, and evoke so much of the world's collected human wisdom. As I argued above, I don't think the relationship between religion and such wisdom is incidental.
Without a dialogue with the rich resources of human experience, a monologue with the present risks overlooking perennial issues and insights about the nature of human existence, power, and community. A future without these concerns is unavoidably a threat to them. Technological advancement is never a per se good. It does not come with a conscience, moral or otherwise. Development ought to be encouraged, but it must be harnessed and directed. That task is on us, and religious traditions - with their deep wells of wisdom about things like value, social justice, and meaning - provide many of its most vital resources.
(1) I use the inelegant and overly broad category of 'historical world religions,' despite its problems, to quickly refer to the number of religious traditions that currently exist and are recognized widely as such. As can be seen, the problems with this phrase don't preclude its helpful usage.
(2) Miroslav Volf, Flourishing: Why We Need Religion in a Globalized World (New Haven: Yale, 2015).


Ruhr West University of Applied Sciences is a public university offering high-quality bachelor's and master's programmes in computer science, engineering, mathematics, natural sciences and business administration.
All of our innovative programmes have a strong emphasis on practice and real-world application, giving students the opportunity to gain practical experience by working with one of our many local and regional industry partners.
With two brand new, state-of-the-art campuses in the cities of Mülheim an der Ruhr and Bottrop, Ruhr West is located in the heart of the Ruhr area, one of the world's foremost industrial regions with a population of about 5.3 million.
Enrolling more than 5,600 students from all over Germany and international students from around the world, Ruhr West is a regionally based university with an international outlook.


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Rountree Elementary School
The Rountree Elementary Community inspires caring and creative students, empowering them to become inquiring lifelong learners who act locally and globally to make the world a better place.
Newton M. Rountree Elementary School has been an anchor of the Rountree neighborhood since 1917. Originally a K-8 school, the building has had several additions, grade reconfigurations and enrollment fluctuations. Rountree is a fully authorized International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme school.
It is important as we move into the 21st century, we do not forget our roots. The following is an excerpt from "A Tradition Respecting the Origin of the Rountree Family". It was written in December of 1867 by Joseph Rountree, the founder of the first school in Greene County."A good many years ago there was a male child in Yorkshire, England, found by a rich landlord on his estate, laid under a Rowan Tree (otherwise called a Mountain Ash), dressed in very rich clothing. He took compassion on the child and took the child home, raised it as if it had been his own child, and, not knowing its origin, he called it Rowan Tree, after the tree that he found it under. By some means the family has got to spelling their name 'Rountree' but that is not proper, for they took their name from the tree that the infant was found
Although Rountree school is named for Newton M. Rountree, his grandfather, Joseph Rountree, taught at the first school in Greene County. This school was built in 1831 and was made of logs. It was located south of Mt. Vernon Street and west of the Missouri Pacific Railroad tracks.
In September of 1916, a contract was awarded to W.H. Ipsen for $21,461 to build a four-room school with a basement to replace Pickwick School. The school board voted to name it for Newton M. Rountree. Mr. Rountree had served on the school board from 1884-1891.
Before the roof was added, it was decided in May of 1917 to add a second floor consisting of four additional rooms. The total square footage was 15,953. A 1917 newspaper article stated the total cost of the new school would be close to $60,000; although district data reports a cost of $30,182.
Several additions were made to Rountree in subsequent years. In 1930, two classrooms and the current office complex were added. Three more rooms were added in 1955. 1964 saw the construction of the multi-purpose room. A final addition was made to Rountree in 1992. This included the current kitchen, art room, library/media center and computer lab. Rountree is now over 34,000 square feet.
1333 E Grand St


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Alleged Call of Duty Leak Claims Next Title to Be Black Ops Reboot
By Noam Radcliffe | May 15, 2020
The next Call of Duty may take place in Vietnam. / Courtesy of Activision
A post on a gaming leaks subreddit claims the next Call of Duty title, set for release in 2020, will be a "soft reboot" of the Black Ops sub-series.
According to u/SunnyMatrix, this information comes from "a source that is involved in primarily screenwriting for television and film, although they are sometimes brought on as a consultant to review storytelling in the videogame industry."
Nice guys finish last am i right fellas??? Haha anyways yall seen the new call of duty leaks??? They say we gonna be in the cold war.
— V̸̇̋͗͆́̓͛ͅ @VAMP2 (@GEHRMANv) May 14, 2020
The next game will supposedly be called either "Call of Duty: Classified" or "Call of Duty: Black Ops." The story, which has undergone several rewrites, will be based on Sledgehammer Games' unreleased third-person Call of Duty game, internally titled Fog of War and set in the Vietnam War.
The game will have a focus on stealth, opening with a nighttime Vietcong attack on the player's unit. The player will go on to visit other Cold War locations as they uncover covert Soviet operations and "human experimentation." Along the way they'll meet up with former Call of Duty characters Alex Mason, Frank Woods and Jason Hudson.
SunnyMatrix's post emphasized the fallibility of the leak.
"I wouldn't be surprised if most of this information ends up being false (excluding the pieces of information that have already been reported," they wrote.
Activision has not commented on the supposed leak.


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DMX vs XLR: How to Tell the Difference Between XLR and DMX Cables
Views: 0 Author: Zayn Publish Time: 2022-09-05 Origin: https://www.suntechleds.com/
What is DMX
What is a DMX cable
What is an XLR cable
DMX vs. XLR cables, what is the difference?
Can I use XLR for DMX LED lights?
Is it possible to use DMX cable as as a mic cable?
We know that there are many cables in the world, they all have different functions, but they look alike, or use the same connectors. The XLR and DMX lines overlap a bit, making it difficult to tell them apart. Both products use a standard three-pin configuration, and in some cases, their connectors can be the same. However, you have two different cables with completely different functions and connectors.
Simply put, XLR cable is for sound and DMX cable is for lighting such as media facade lighting and LED mesh facade lighting. Two different cables use the same type of cable and have the same shape, but there are differences on the inside. While there are some crossover features, XLR and DMX are not interchangeable until the user is cornered. So, what are the differences, can you mix them together, and which one you need to choose? Mention DMX and we think of XLR. DMX VS XLR is always being compared by us. We will detail the difference between XLR and DMX in this article. Let's look at the specifics.
DMX is a control protocol that enables users to control the light required by their lighting. Although DMX is not only used for lighting, it is also the most commonly used application of DMX. DMX is one of DMX512, which is a digital communication. The DMX standard was established in 1986, it uses the current XLR connector and does not require any proprietary connection to be applied in the market. The original intention of DMX is to establish a compatible lighting equipment for lighting manufacturers, rather than establishing an independent control site for each lighting equipment. This is a major breakthrough for the audiovisual industry, as they can control everything from a single source, which gives them more freedom and flexibility to produce light shows.
DMX cables were the first to use XLR technology from the 80s. DMX was designed with the idea of applying existing technology to lighting systems that were all clumsy and old cables. DMX cable is a cable used for lighting. The cable is not for transmitting sound, but for transmitting different information or data between light source and light source. Similar to XLR, the most common version of DMX is a 3-pin header. DMX is also available in a regular version with 5 pins. The original idea was that the 5 pin dmx cable could be the same as the 3 pin, and the other two plugs could be used in future upgrades. Although there have been attempts for many years, none of them have become an industry standard. Because of these similarities, some DMX adapters can be used between 3-5, or vice versa. This requires a 110 ohm resistor. They also use a 5-pin configuration and can go through the DMX interface.
DMX LED Products you may need:
DMX LED Pixel Dot light
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Looking for a quality DMX LED Lighting Manufacturer ?
What is an XLR cable used for? XLR cables can be used for audio applications, microphones and interconnects from live performance to professional recording. XLR cables have three wires and a ring wire. They are used to carry mic and line-level equalized signals over long distances, so XLR cables can simply be thought of as microphone cables. The XLR cable equalizes the signal, which means that the final sound signal is less unwanted due to external electronic interference. This preserves the original sound signal, even from far away or near electronic devices. The most common XLR configuration is a 3-5 wire, but in some audio equipment, such as walkie-talkies, there are dedicated 4-pin XLR wires.
DMX cable VS XLR cable, their difference between dmx and microphone cable I will tell you in detail from the following three points.
Take a look at the DMX and XLR cables and you'll see they look exactly the same. Both products are fitted with XLR plugs that allow the cable to carry a variety of signals, whether or not those signals are lighting fixtures. But that's two different kinds of cables: resistors. XLR cables have a resistance of 75 ohms and can be used for sound signals, while DMX cables are between 110 and 120 ohms, which are more suitable for lighting. 120 ohm dmx cable might be the most suitableIn fact, XLR cables do smaller and simpler jobs. However, if you want to buy more equipment, we highly recommend DMX cables.
When a DMX cable is used in an audio setup, it can be easily distinguished from a real microphone. The higher the resistance of the DMX line, the worse the sound quality. Because of its masking effect on the data signal, not the sound signal.
From another angle, it looks better with a mic with light. However, lower sound cables can affect the way DMX transmits messages. This way, your lights will be more problematic and your response will be sluggish. The longer the cable is used, the worse its performance will be.
3 or 5 pins
Although many XLR cables have XLRs on both ends, XLRs are common with other types of cables. Other common audio formats such as 3.5mm, RCA, "and SpeakOn" are compatible with XLR. This makes XLRs ideal for connecting between a variety of different input/output devices. Since 1955, 3-pin XLR connectors have been used on microphone cables, and in 1986, 5-pin tubes began to appear. Not only can this help differentiate the light and sound cables, but it can also add a pair of data lines for future development. Few manufacturers want to use this additional wire, so most devices today use 3-5 wire connectors, and many 5-5 wire cables have only the first 3 plugs. So, XLR connectors are no different than the number and pins of XLR plugs on audio and lighting cables.
In both examples, all the wires in the 5-pin cable are the low voltage power from the lamp to the DMX controller, and the second DMX signal to the distributor, which effectively provides 2 separate DMX data lines .
Cost different
In the end, there is only one major factor that will influence some people to buy wire, and that is price. Based on the above, it is not difficult to see why DMX cables are more expensive. They are produced according to certain reliable standards, using different materials, production methods, and naturally high prices. This doesn't mean that XLR cables aren't more expensive than DMX cables, or better than DMX cables, but XLR cables are generally cheaper, so XLR cables are more attractive for beginners.
If someone asks like this: can you use xlr for dmx?You need to answer:XLR cables can be used in DMX cables, but only as a last resort. Using XLR cables instead of DMX will cause the connected fixtures to flicker, dim, or go out completely. Also, if a DMX cable is used instead of an XLR cable, the sound quality will be degraded. The difference between XLR and DMX is the performance of the cable. It is possible (but not recommended) to use XLR cables for DMX connections. The impedance of DMX (110 ohms) is higher than that of XLR (75 ohms). This means that the signal used by XLR is different from the signal used by DMX. XLR cables can transmit DMX data, but they are not ideal. When an XLR cable is used here, it can cause flare or loss of signal, even if it is working properly.
Using XLR and DMX at the same time won't damage your phone, but the signal will be worse. Depending on the distance of the cable, the number of connections used, and the XLR and DMX connections, the degradation or total loss will increase.
ShowMeCables can offer XLR and DMX in different lengths, from 1 to 100 feet, with custom options. XLR cables can be used as mono or stereo. Our products include XLR standard cables and other audio equipment, including ",", 3.5mm, RCA and SpeakOn.
The structure of DMX cable is divided into three-wire and five-wire. Both products are AES/EBU compatible and use 110Ω signals for professional audio cable performance.
On the other hand, you can use DMX cables as microphone cables. But since these cables have different shields, noise interference occurs. Again, XLR cables don't have to be built to be sturdy, so emulated XLR cables are subject to a lot of unnecessary misuse in performance situations. DMX cable is more expensive because it requires compliance with 110 ohms. In some cases, the copper conductors of the DMX cables are also smaller than the analog XLR cables, so there will be some impact on the sound.
DMX lines can be used to transmit sound. XLR cables can transmit DMX. But if you're going to pay to do a show, it's not worth the risk. XLR cables can cause flashes and erratic behavior, If you connect dmx cable for audio,DMX cables will make your voice muffled. Also, when you mix XLR and DMX cables together, it can be hard to tell them apart without checking each one. Save yourself the hassle; pick the right wire for the job, because at worst, things will go bad. First, always use the right cable correctly. If you're using it for lighting, buy a few DMX wires to ensure uninterrupted voltage. If you want to connect two monitors from one interface, buy a couple of XLR cables, and of course you can use dedicated mic cables for all the mics and gigs.
Related DMX LED Lighting Posts:
DMX Lighting Control is Not Difficult as You Thought
What is DMX512? How does DMX512 controller work?
How to connect LED lights to DMX controller?
LUMENS TO WATTS CHART FOR LED OUTDOOR LIGHTING
DMX Troubleshooting Guide: Stop my DMX lights from flickering
Facade lighting design:Wall Washing VS Wall Grazing


New online software gives pre–high school students access to test preparation.
Company: Siboney Learning Group (under the Orchard umbrella).
System Requirements: Windows 2000, XP, or Vista; Macintosh OS X.
Price/Grade: Licenses start at $995 per subject/grade. K–12.
Pros: Online convenience; familiar test format; targeted skill practice; fun, interactive games.
Cons: Not all questions display high pedagogical quality; some dull passages and content errors.
The software's skill segments offer feedback and rewards.
Siboney's Practice Planet software targets K–12 students, offering practice on the full range of math and language arts skills necessary to excel on high-stakes exams.
Customized by grade and state curriculum standards, this online offering also helps younger students get comfortable with the testing format.
The product includes a pre-test, targeted skill segments, game rewards, and a post-test. Addressed skills are comprehensive for each grade level. For example, for eighth-grade language arts there are more than 30 skills to practice—from capitalization and punctuation to literary devices—with 10 questions per topic. Weak spots include the pre- and post-tests, each consisting of 43 questions—sans feedback or hints—which students might find overwhelming or tedious. Targeted skill segments do offer feedback and explanations, though, with hints when users answer wrong and praise when they're correct, plus the added reward of a shot at online pinball or air hockey.
The teacher's home page is a useful time-saver in terms of preparation, scoring, and data analysis. It provides instant access to individual test scores and whole class test summaries, and has management features allowing educators to make class assignments, set game parameters, and choose the frequency and minimum score necessary for rewards—though the 10 questions per skill might not be enough practice for students who require more than a gentle reminder.
Bottom line: the repetition is particularly useful for some skills, the explanations provide effective reinforcement, and the game rewards offer good motivation. Downsides include some repetition of questions on the pre-test, practice, and posttest; some unnecessarily dull reading passages; and some seemingly arbitrary required knowledge (about things like tractor-pulls and the design of old-fashioned telephones). In addition, this first iteration is still buggy, with a few grammatical errors and flawed sentence constructions scattered throughout the tests.
Stephanie Gold is an education consultant and teacher in San Francisco, California.
Operating System: Preinstalled with Microsoft Windows Vista or Windows XP Tablet Edition; supports all Vista applications.
Pros: Lightweight, high-resolution screen, long battery life, Bluetooth enabled.
Cons: Vista runs slow on the 800-MHz Intel processor with 1GB memory.
Ultra-mobile PCs have been struggling to find their niche in the marketplace—they're not quite laptops, nor do they have the capabilities of a tablet. Samsung has attempted to silence critics with the new, super-light, 7-inch touch-screen handheld Q1 Ultra, its second-generation UMPC.
No question, the Q1 Ultra is hard to resist. Wireless capable, complete with two cameras, and stylus pen–enabled, this 1.5-pound UMPC has plenty to offer someone who wants to be connected on the go without having the burden of a heavy tablet or laptop in tow. For ultimate anywhere computing, its four-cell lithium ion battery gets up to 4.5 hours of life on a single charge, and it even includes GPS navigation.
The Q1 Ultra can do just about anything a laptop can, but as expected it's a bit slower since Vista tends to eat up a lot of memory when loading programs. Still, we found the Ultra to boot up pretty fast, and its wireless connectivity is fairly strong no matter where we tested it. It also boasts sharp 1024x600 native resolution and a bright, LED-backlit LCD screen.
Could the Ultra be the new must-have classroom accessory? The base model is arguably affordable, but doesn't include the integrated cameras. And since most folks are enthusiastic about USPCs, in general, because of all the plug-in capabilities, Samsung offers an optional external USB keyboard—which is good, since we found the Q1 Ultra's QWERTY split thumb board slow and tedious, despite practice. If you're stuck navigating or note taking by stylus pen you may find the screen too small to do any meaningful work.
Melissa Houston is T&L's managing editor.


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Photos from Harrisburg and around the district
Rep. Scott Conklin is sworn in to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives on Jan. 3, 2023 in Harrisburg, Pa.
Rep. Scott Conklin is sworn in to begin the 2021-22 legislative session.
Rep. Scott Conklin wears a mask to help stop the spread of COVID-19.
Rep. Conklin joins in a conversation on the house floor.
Rep. Conklin on hand at state House Democratic Policy Hearing in Allentown discussing voting rights issues.
Rep. Conklin being sworn into office for the 203rd legislative session on Tuesday, January 1, 2019.
Rep. Scott Conklin welcomes members of the 2018 National Champion Villanova University Men's Basketball Team to Harrisburg.
Rep. Scott Conklin congratulates the Pennsylvania State University wrestling team on winning their seventh NCAA National Championship in eight years.
Rep. Scott Conklin speaks at an A.B.A.T.E. (alliance of bikers aimed towards education) rally at the state Capitol.
Representative Conklin and Representative Hanna with a number of Penn State coaches and players as they displayed a few of the Big Ten trophies they won for their athletic achievements.
Representative Conklin spoke on House Resolution 331, which would direct the Legislative Budget and Finance Committee to conduct the feasibility study and analyze all of PA's public institutions of higher ed.
Rep. Scott Conklin speaks at the annual A.B.A.T.E. Motorcycle Rights Rally.
Rep. Scott Conklin comments during a House Democratic Policy Committee hearing regarding a state police fee for municipalities currently without local police.
Rep. Scott Conklin reviews some of the details in Gov. Tom Wolf's 2017-18 budget.
Rep. Scott Conklin reacts to Gov. Tom Wolf's 2017-18 budget address.
Rep. Scott Conklin speaks at a House Democratic Policy Committee hearing on raising the minimum wage. Those earning minimum wage, who work 40 hours per week, only earn $15,080, some $4,700 below the poverty line.
Rep. Conklin (back row, left) joined Pittsburgh Steelers legend Franco Harris (at podium) and four-time Olympic medal-winning wrestler Bruce Baumgartner (to Harris' left) at a Capitol news conference Jan. 25., where a call was made for high-quality Pre-K programs.
Rep. Scott Conklin and Rep. Pat Harkins listen to and gather information at a House Democratic Policy hearing on the heroin and opioid epidemic that is sweeping the state.
Rep. Scott Conklin speaks during the PA HOPE Caucus public hearing in Warrington with the House and Senate Policy Committees regarding the opioid prescription drug and heroin epidemic.
Rep. Conklin joins Sgt. Adam Hartswick at an Armed Forces Day event in Philipsburg on May 17, 2014. Conklin is the sponsor of legislation that would rename a section of Route 45 in Centre County as the Sgt. Adam Hartswick Interchange, to serve as a thank you for his service and sacrifice.
Rep. Conklin welcomes several Penn State ROTC cadets to the state Capitol for a swearing-in ceremony.
As a member of the House Democratic Policy Committee, Rep. Conklin and his colleague Rep. Joe Markosek (middle) meet with Pennsylvania Fire Commissioner Edward Mann (left) to discuss financial assistance programs for fire, ambulance and rescue organizations.
Rep. Conklin talks with Jim Carstater of the Erie County Firefighters Association at the West Lake Fire Department in Erie during a public meeting centered on the various needs of fire and rescue departments within Pennsylvania.
Rep. Conklin attends a public hearing in the northwestern region of the state to investigate the current job and economic climates in Pennsylvania.
Rep. Scott Conklin hosts a public hearing to openly discuss several reforms he is proposing that are designed to increase accountability and transparency among the Pennsylvania State University's Board of Trustees. More images from the hearing can be seen by clicking here.
Centre County state Rep. Scott Conklin unveils a multi-bill package designed to address Pennsylvania's transportation funding shortfall, promote the expansion of alternative fuel usage and spur immediate job creation.
Rep. Conklin recognizes the achievements of the Penn State wrestling team on the floor of the House of Representatives. Conklin voted in favor of a resolution urging the reinstatement of wrestling in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Rep. Conklin welcomes Penn State wrestling coach and Olympic champion Cael Sanderson, his coaching staff and Andrew Alton to the state Capitol to present a citation congratulating the Nittany Lions on their national championship.
Rep. Conklin at Motorsports Day in Harrisburg, where this year's theme focused on tractors.
Rep. Conklin welcomes students from Port Matilda Elementary to the state Capitol.
Rep. Conklin throws a "Strike For Hunger" at a bowling event to raise money for food banks, and to raise awareness of Pennsylvania's 1.2 million hungry citizens.
Rep. Conklin, at a news conference in the state Capitol, urges support for his legislation to hold a constitutional convention in Pennsylvania.
Rep. Conklin presents Linda Tataliba, director of the State College Food Bank, with a donation of several turkeys to assist in the agency's holiday distribution campaign.
Rep. Scott Conklin, D-Centre, rallies at the state Capitol in support of his legislation that would educate middle school and high school students on the dangers and signs of teen dating violence.
Rep. Conklin presents more than $2 million in state funding to Philipsburg Borough for the Cold Stream Dam restoration project. The funding is designed to protect Pennsylvania communities housing high-hazard dams in need of infrastructure improvements. Joining Conklin are Jan McDonald, Philipsburg borough manager; John Streno, Philipsburg mayor; and John Claybaugh, project designer for Stiffler, McGraw and Assoc., Inc.
Rep. Conklin joins Robin Knepp, Philipsburg Community Action Center Director, to personally donate 10 turkeys. The donations were made to help make the holidays a little merrier for the neediest area families. Conklin also matched his donation to the State College Area Food Bank.
Rep. Conklin joins Linda Tataliba, director of the State College Food Bank, to make a donation of 20 turkeys to aid area families this Thanksgiving.
Rep. Conklin congratulates Cadet Steve Lazar of the Civil Air Patrol for his service with the presentation of the Amelia Earhart Award.
Rep. Scott Conklin is Pennsylvania proud with the Philadelphia Phillies' World Series Trophy, the Pittsburgh Steelers' Vince Lombardi Trophy and the Pittsburgh Penguins' Stanley Cup, displayed together at the state Capitol.
Rep. Conklin isn't curious about public broadcasting's trek to the state Capitol – funding in the state budget is key to its future. Pictured from L to R: State Rep. Scott Conklin, WITF Public Media President and CEO Kathleen Pavelko, Rep. Pat Harkins, Curious George, House Appropriations Committee Executive Director Miriam Fox and House Appropriations Committee Chairman Dwight Evans.
Rep. Conklin speaks in front of Penn State University students at the state Capitol in Harrisburg on the subject of tuition increases.
Rep. Conklin speaks at the Penn State University Tuition Increase Rally in March.
Rep. Conklin and Sen. Wozniak at the dedication ceremony for the newly renamed Veterans Memorial Bridge on state Route 322 in Philipsburg.
Johnathan Bojan of State College shows Rep. Conklin his research on the effect of music on a person's emotions at a Temple University event at the state capitol in Harrisburg.
Rep. Conklin presents a citation to Centre County Veterans Affairs Office Director, Stan Adams, upon his retirement.
Rep. Conklin joins Gov. Rendell as he signs into law the water infrastructure bills, Senate Bills 2 and 1341.
Rep. Scott Conklin stands with Philipsburg Borough leaders as he announces $10.9 million in Pennvest money to improve the area's sewer system.


This page displays sold house prices for Cere Road in Norwich.
Cere Road in Norwich NR7 consists predominantly of semi-detached houses. Properties on Cere Road typically have values around £150,000 - £200,000, but larger detached houses can command upwards of £200,000.
Map showing Cere Road in Norwich.


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Elisabeth Tova Bailey is the author of The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating (2010, Algonquin Books, ) which won the 2010 John Burroughs Medal,  the Natural History Literature category of the 2010 National Outdoor Book Award (joint award), and the non-fiction category of the 2012 William Saroyan International Prize for Writing.  In the book she describes her observations of an individual land snail in the species Neohelix albolabris which lived in a terrarium next to her while she was confined to bed through Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

In her essay A Green World Deep in Winter: The Bedside Terrarium, published in the Yale Journal for Humanities in Medicine, Bailey describes how Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, inventor of the Wardian case, had published during the mid 19th century a report on the "Use of Closed Cases in Illness", explaining the benefit of a terrarium to bed-ridden patients in order to "beguile many a weary hour".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American non-fiction environmental writers
21st-century American women writers
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our own professional photographer and running coach Jack Brennan took some great pictures at the July 4th race. Here they are. Want high res versions or prints, they're on flickr. Be sure to check out Greg DiBello's pictures as well.