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Essay: Outline the different approaches used by sociologists to analyse relationships between formal education systems and the economy.
Please note: that I have currently written 7 essays on the Sociology of Education and intent to write a few more in the near future. Note that in each case these essays are far longer than could be written under examination conditions and that although they include points of knowledge , application and evaluation I tend to use separate paragraphs for each of these categories rather than to combine several categories in each paragraph as in the strongly recommended PEEEL approach whereby each paragraph should included Point; Explanation, Example: Evaluation and Link to following Paragraph.
I hope that you find the information in these essays useful but would strongly recommend that you write your own essays using the PEEEL approach or something very similar to it. Obviously your teachers will advise you as to appropriate essay writing technique.
This essay ends with a summary of approximately 600 words and I hope that if students are aiming to write examination length answers to this essay question they might be able to use this summary in the construction of their own essay plans. Good luck with that anyway!
Document last edited:16/07/2020
For recent relevant information from the BBC on Post GCSE education trends - Click Here
For recent relevant information from the BBC on BTec courses - Click Here
Essay Plan
Introduction: Functions of Formal Education Systems
Functionalist Perspective
Marxist Perspective
Fordism, Post-Fordism, Neo-Fordism and Education
Feminist Perspective
Interactionist Perspective
Postmodernist Perspective [This section will be posted soon!]
Conservative Governments and the New Right
Labour Governments, Social Democracy and the Third Way
The Coalition Government and Education Policies 2010-2015
Some Further Developments 2015-2020
In order to analyse sociological approaches to the analysis of the relationships between formal education systems and the economy we must distinguish between pre-industrial societies where education is provided more informally in families, churches and workplaces and industrial societies where formal education systems expand [as an aspect of structural differentiation ]to meet the needs of industrial economies for more skilled specialised workers. We must also distinguish between the formal academic curriculum and the hidden curriculum which may be defined as the set of norms and values implicitly conveyed to pupils by teachers' words and actions and by the organisational processes operating in schools.
Most sociologists would agree that formal education systems fulfil the following functions [most of which are directly related in various ways to the economic organisation of society:
the transmission of knowledge and skills;
the provision of a bridging mechanism between the particularistic family and the more universalistic wider society ;
the transmission of attitudes and values as an aspect of the socialisation process ;
the allocation of individuals to appropriate roles in society;
the compensatory function whereby disadvantaged students may receive additional assistance to compensate for the disadvantages of a poor background.
I shall first summarise the Functionalist , Marxist, Feminist and Interactionist approaches to the analysis of relationships between formal education systems and the economy and then describe in more detail the educational policies which successive governments have implemented in their attempts to increase overall economic efficiency.
The Functionalist Perspective
Functionalism is based upon a consensus model of society such that industrial societies are seen as basically economically efficient, democratic, and meritocratic and are believed to operate in the interests of all of their citizens. Functionalists believe that formal education systems contribute to economic efficiency and to the effective functioning of these societies as a whole. Functionalist sociologists such as Talcott Parsons recognised that relationships between formal education systems and the economy were important for several reasons.
1. As industrial economies become increasingly complex, formal education systems would have to expand to transmit the knowledge and skills necessary for such economies.
2. If economies are to be efficient it is desirable that individuals are allocated to their economic roles on the basis of their own individual merits and Parsons argued that the formal education system in the USA of the 1950s was indeed organised on meritocratic principles and used complex systems of assessment, schools and colleges to evaluate fairly the talents, strengths and weaknesses of their students .He further argued that assessment procedures had a major impact on the employment prospects of young people concerned in that it is educationally successful students who are most likely to be allocated to occupations which are functionally most important and well-paid. Thus formal education systems have an important role to play in the meritocratic allocation of individuals to economic roles which results in greater economic efficiency and higher living standards in the economy as a whole.
3. Talcott Parsons argued that the core values of US society in the 1950s and 1960s were beliefs in individual achievement and equality of opportunity and that schools played an important role via the hidden curriculum in socialising students to accept these values. In so doing, the US formal educational system is seen as playing a role which is highly beneficial or functional for the US economy as a whole because:
a. Industry and commerce requires punctual, efficient, achievement -oriented ,industrious workers who identify with the aims of their employers if an economy is to operate efficiently. [To see that this is so you might like to consider the possible effects on the USA economy if the entire younger generation had decided to live according to the "hippie" philosophy of the 1960s. Of course this may have made for a more fulfilling life. Who knows? ]
b If formal education systems are based upon and seen to be based upon equality of opportunity the differences in economic rewards which arise from educational success or failure are seen as the outcome of a meritocratically organised educational system such that they are unlikely to be criticised. Thus is social stability maintained.{ This is quite a difficult point which may need a little further discussion in class.}
The Marxist Perspective
Marxists argue that formal education systems are designed to meet the needs of the capitalist economy and to ensure that the interests and privileged lifestyles of the capitalist ruling class are sustained while working class children are prepared primarily for employment in low skill, low status, low paid, alienating jobs. It is admitted that some working class students will be successful in education and achieve social mobility but claimed by Marxists that this serves merely as a smokescreen which hides the inequality of opportunity which is central to capitalist educational systems.
In the Marxist view the continuation of capitalism depends upon the availability of workers with different levels of skill ready to play significantly different roles and to accept significantly different levels of income in the capitalist economy. In addition capitalism demands that the education system via the Hidden Curriculum[ and in conjunction with the other agencies of socialisation] ensures that there is broad based ideological support for capitalism. It follows that so long as the capitalist system remains even if the education system operates with a little relative autonomy, social class, ethnic and gender differences in educational achievement and attitudes sympathetic to the continuation of capitalism will remain because they themselves are essential to the continuation of capitalism.
Marxists are critical of Conservative and Labour approaches to education policy because both of these approaches are sympathetic to the continuation of the capitalist system which , according to Marxists, inhibits the possibility that education policy can be used to the real advantage of all members of society. According to Marxists even radical social Democrats are unlikely to challenge the capitalist system and therefore unlikely to introduce truly liberating education policies which means that education policies will continue to have an important role to play in the reproduction of capitalist class structures. In the Marxist View only the abolition of capitalist can lead to a truly liberating education for all. Of course the entire Marxist analysis of capitalist societies and their education systems can be criticised from all of the other perspectives mentioned in this essay. Perhaps this is a little exercise which you would like to undertake for yourselves.
Fordism, Post-Fordism , Neo-Fordism and Education
It has been claimed that the type of correspondence theory developed by Marxists Bowles and Gintis in the 1970s might well apply to the Fordist phase of capitalism which was based upon routinised factory production requiring a large proportion of relatively unskilled workers who were not required to exercise their own initiative or creativity within the production process.
However from the 1970s onwards it came to be argued that capitalism was entering a Post-Fordist phase in which production processes would increasingly be computerised and that this would generate greater demand for so-called core workers [professional workers , technicians and skilled craft workers] who would increasingly be consulted by management and given greater opportunities to exercise their own creativity within the work environment. As a result, it was claimed, productivity would increase and there would be less likelihood of conflict in industrial relations . It was also recognised that there would also be unskilled or semi-skilled peripheral workers who would be relatively poorly paid and might be employed on part-time and/or temporary contracts peripheral but it was hoped that Post-Fordism would result in the relative expansion of employment for core workers.. Thus it now became highly desirable that the formal education system should encourage the development of individuality and creativity, prioritise the value of team work and problem solving in new vocationally relevant courses and prepare increasing numbers of students for access to higher education. Now the organisation of the education system should indeed correspond to the organisation of the economy but NOT simply by encouraging deference and respect for authority in the ways suggested by Bowles and Gintis.
During the 1980s there were several studies which sought to analyse the extent to which Post- Fordism was indeed replacing Fordism which led to disputes as to the relative growth of Core and Peripheral workers and the extent to which the Core workers were or were not becoming increasingly skilled , consulted by management and more content in their working environments .Commenting on these studies in the 1990s M. Haralambos [4th edition ] noted that the extent of change varied from industry to industry and from occupation to occupation.
Click here for an article on Core and Periphery [John Atkinson 1984]
In his critical assessment of the UK education system Patrick Ainley [Betraying a Generation : How Education is Failing Young People 2016] has argued that the extent of transition from Fordism to Post-Fordism has been much overstated and that although some parts of the economy may have developed in a Post-Fordist direction others could be described as operating under conditions of Neo-Fordism. Thus he argues that although increasing numbers of students have graduated from university many have failed to secure graduate level employment because of the relatively slow growth of graduate-level jobs: they are essentially GRINGOS [ graduates in non-graduate occupations]. Meanwhile the service sector of the economy has seen the growth of routine, tightly supervised, poorly paid jobs [ often on zero hours contracts offering very limited job satisfaction in call centres or fast food outlets or in social care where at least the level of job satisfaction may be much higher even if working conditions are difficult.
Thus according to Patrick Ainley the education system has become increasing examination based and competitive but given the limited growth of graduate level employment only a minority of students [ mainly from more privileged backgrounds ] can expect that their educational success will lead to well paid and satisfying employment . Furthermore Marxists would argue that the formal education system continues to fail to provide opportunities for the fundamental critique of capitalism despite the fact that it is the capitalist system itself which threatens the actual survival of the planet. Of course many would argue the exact reverse : environmentally sustainable capitalism will actually save the planet. Scope for some discussion here!
Click here and here for important new development: Government to scrap 50% of young to university Education target .[July 9th 2020] Now the UK Government is arguing that there must be a rebalancing of education to more vocational and technical education delivered via high level apprenticeship schemes provided by Further Education colleges. The Universities are critical of these plans.
Click here to download a short review of Patrick Ainley's book
The Feminist Perspective
It is clear that in the last twenty or so years the educational achievements of female students have improved rapidly relative to those of males. This is due partly [but not entirely] to education policies in that there is now greater emphasis in schools on equal opportunities which is reflected , for example, in new teaching materials, careers advice and the introduction of the national curriculum which made sciences compulsory for all students up to the age of 16. All Feminists are no doubt pleased with these developments but while Liberal feminists are broadly supportive of gradualism Marxist/Socialist Feminists and Black Feminists would note the disappointing educational achievements of working class and some ethnic minority girls while Radical Feminists would criticise the continued existence of a Hidden Curriculum which ignores some of the concerns of radical feminism. Thus Marxist/Socialist Feminists would argue that only the abolition of capitalism, possibly via revolutionary means, will result in real equality of educational opportunity for males and females in all social classes and all ethnic groups while Radical Feminists argue that only the ending of Patriarchy in society will create the conditions for equality of educational opportunity.
The Interactionist Perspective
Interactionist sociologists have focused especially on the possible effects of both positive and negative labelling on subsequent pupil achievements. The conclusions of Interactionist studies may be used to suggest that under the tripartite system of secondary education success or failure in the 11+ examination would be likely to have positive and negative labelling effects respectively but that the existence of streaming/banding/setting within Comprehensive schools or even of unofficial ability groupings within nominally mixed ability classes may well mean that the some forms of labelling continue despite the expansion of comprehensivisation .Some more recent studies do suggest that in general negative labelling is nowadays less likely to occur although this conclusion has itself been denied in other recent interactionist studies. Furthermore Labour education spokespersons currently argue that streaming/banding/setting arrangements actually provide better learning environments than does mixed ability teaching.... a view which may interactionists [and others] would not accept.
New Right theorists agree with Functionalists that industrial societies should ideally be organised as capitalist societies and that education systems should operate to meet the needs of capitalism but these New Right theorists also argued in the 1970s and 1980s that in practice state education systems were organised inefficiently and that both their formal and hidden curricula were not sufficiently geared to meeting the needs of industry.
From the 1970s onwards successive Conservative[ 1979-1997], Labour [1997-2010], Coalition[2010-2015] and Conservative Government[2015--] have argued that the processes of globalisation have made it even more necessary for education policies to foster increased economic efficiency. Click here and here for a BBC items on the CBI and skills training illustrating the concerns of the CBI that the UK education system was failing in various ways to meet the needs of industry and commerce. July 2013
Thus globalisation has resulted in the expansion of international trade leading to the substantial relocation of manufacturing industry from advanced capitalist countries such as the UK to the Global South where labour costs are much lower and this , coupled with increased labour productivity in the advanced capitalist countries, has led to a process of de-industrialisation involving the decline of manufacturing employment especially in unskilled and semi-skilled occupations. Successive UK governments have therefore argued that if employment prospects and living standards are to be maintained more students must be educated and trained for future employment for the more highly skilled occupations within manufacturing and within the expanding service industries such as banking, insurance and leisure industries. Essentially it has been argued that both domestic and international economic trends have resulted in a shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism and that it is essential that the education system must be reformed so as to correspond to this new post-Fordist economic situation. This would necessitate changes in the organisation of the overall school system, increases in the industrial and commercial relevance of the schools curriculum, increased opportunities for industrial training and increasing access to Higher Education. That reforms of the UK education were necessary has been further emphasised as a result of the sometimes relatively low ranking of the UK in PISA tests although some limitations of these tests have also been recognised. [Click here for some information from the BBC on the most recent PISA tests ]
In a detailed paper [for which I have currently unfortunately lost the address] it is argued that in countries such as India and China increasing numbers of highly skilled graduates are being educated who nevertheless continue to earn salaries considerably lower than those earned by comparable workers in the "developed world.". We have already seen relatively unskilled jobs relocated to the "third World" leading to fewer unskilled jobs in the developed world. Could it become more economic for transnational companies to relocate professional work also to India and China in which case what will happen to employment prospects in the UK even for graduates?
I have not as yet considered the likely impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the likely trends in globalisation but will try to do so fairly soon!
Conservative education policies 1979-1997 have reflected an overall commitment to New Right ideology and especially to neo-liberalism. The Coalition Government of 2010-2015 retained commitment to neo-liberalism but also, perhaps due to the influence of the Liberal Democrats , introduced a Pupil Premium designed to help disadvantaged students and this policy has been continued by subsequent Conservative Governments .
Thus successive Conservative governments have continually supported the existence of Private Education but also introduced important reforms of State Education. . They have argued that the development of the National Curriculum , the introduction of SATs at ages, 7, 11 and 14, OFSTED inspections and the publication of school league tables would enable parents to make a more informed choice among a wider variety of schools including at various times City Technology Colleges, Grant Maintained Schools, Specialised School, Faith schools , Academies , Free schools and University Technology Colleges as well as orthodox Local -Authority-Maintained Comprehensive Schools. Since the funding of all state schools was also to become much more dependent upon student numbers successive governments argued that this so-called quasi-marketisation of education would enable apparently effective, successful schools to expand at the expense of apparently ineffective schools [some of which would be forced to close] which was to drive up overall standards. It was hoped also that socially and economically disadvantaged students who had for years been denied access to a good education would also benefit from this new approach to educational policy
New Right theorists argued also in favour of increased emphasis within the formal curriculum on the transmission of knowledge and skills specifically relevant to the needs of industry and commerce, and against " liberal progressive" social ideas and teaching methods. According to New Right theorists these reforms would enable formal education systems to fulfil their economic functions more effectively.
There were ,however been several criticisms of this so -called New Vocationalism introduced in the 1980s. It was claimed that a significant divide has been created between academic and vocational courses and that schools in any case are not suited or resourced for the teaching of business- related courses. It is also claimed in relation to training schemes that they aimed to shift the blame for youth unemployment from government policy onto the education system; that training schemes were a means of reducing the official unemployment figures; that little real training was given; that the schemes reinforced traditional gender roles; that the training was at the expense of a more valuable general education and that the purpose of the schemes was often to encourage passivity and acceptance of low wages among young people.
However, supporters of the schemes have argued correctly that some useful training was given which increased the employability of the trainees concerned. Nevertheless, more generally, after 18 years of Conservative government, there were still great concerns that the economic competitiveness of the UK economy was declining because the UK workforce was on average less skilled than the workforces of our major competitors, a problem which subsequent Labour governments have also failed to solve.
It was also regarded as essential for access to Higher Education to be increased ain order to prepare more future workers for employment in more highly skilled occupations given that the availability of unskilled and semi-skilled work was expected to decline and this expansion of Higher Education did indeed occur under the Conservative Governments of 1979-1997 and under subsequent Labour , Coalition and recent Conservative Governments.
Labour Governments, Social Democracy and The Third Way 1997-2010
Labour Governments accepted the continued existence of Private Schools and accepted also much of the Conservatives "choice and diversity agenda based around the introduction of a quasi market in education via increased support for Specialised Schools, Faith, Schools and City Academies. However Labour also introduced a variety of compensatory education policies such as increased nursery provision ,the Sure Start Programme ,reduced class sizes and the Education Action Zones and Excellence in Cities programmes which are clearly designed to target additional resources on poorer children.
It has been argued that the Labour Party drifted to the ideological Centre under the leadership of Tony Blair who ,it was claimed , had accepted a more moderate version of social democracy linked to the so-called Third Way which had been developed most notably by the eminent sociologist Anthony Giddens. For his supporters the Blairite approach represented a constructive attempt to modernise the ideology of social democracy in accordance with changing economic. social and political conditions whereas for his critics within the Labour Party the Blairite approach amounted to little more than warmed ove neo-liberalism or "Thatcherism with a smiling face".his critics
These more critical radical Social Democrats claimed that these Blairite policies were insufficient to reduce the massive social class, ethnic and gender inequalities of educational achievement which continued to exist and that the relative educational opportunities of disadvantaged pupils could be increased only via the abolition of private and state selective grammar schools and additional financial resources for the Sure Start Programme and for future programmes replacing the EAZ and EiC programmes and by the rethinking of Labour policies on diversity and choice. Even then broader social and economic and social policies to reduce poverty and inequality would also be necessary because many Social Democrats believe that it may well still be true that as Basil Bernstein stated in the 1970s"Education cannot compensate for society."
Labour did also introduce a variety of vocational education initiatives designed to increase pupil employability but there were also concerns that schools would encourage only "unacademic" students [for whom traditional GCSEs and Advanced Levels are seen as inappropriate ] to take these courses; that the courses would be perceived similarly as low status courses by the students themselves; and that Universities might not accept these qualifications as equivalent to traditional Advanced Levels. Thus the academic-vocational divide which had bedevilled the UK education system for years might remain for the foreseeable future . However the increasing popularity of Two-Year Foundation degrees which combined vocational and academic elements did perhaps offer hope for the future.
In summary while some Social Democrats have argued that on balance Labour's education policies should increase pupils' overall educational achievements by improving average standards, increasing, equality of opportunity and vocational relevance others argue that more fundamental educational reform involving the abolition of Private Education and State Selective Education and increased targeting of resources on disadvantaged pupils at every level of the education system combined with wider social and economic reforms are all necessary if equality of educational opportunity is to be achieved. It is noteworthy that after 13 successive years of Labour government that even though average educational achievements have improved there are still very significant class, gender and ethnic inequalities in educational achievement and ongoing concerns that on average the UK labour force is less skilled than the labour forces of our major competitors.
Labour Governments 1997-2010 introduced several initiatives designed to increase the economic relevance of educational curricula.
Students now have the opportunity to study a wide range of vocational GCSEs such as Applied Business Studies, Applied ICT, Applied Science, Engineering, Manufacturing and Health and Social Care.
GNVQ Foundation and Intermediate courses for Key Stage 4 students were introduced in the 1990s but these were phased out between 2005-2007 and replaced by similar BTEC and OCR National Courses..
The Increased Flexibility Programme was introduced in 2002 and designed to establish partnerships between schools, Further Education Colleges and other providers of work -based learning which were to improve vocational learning opportunities for 14-16 year olds who would now receive their education partly from schools and partly from a local Further Education College in the hope that they would adopt more positive attitudes to their education and be encouraged to remain in education beyond the age of 16.
It was hoped also that opportunities for work-based training for young people would be increased via the expansion of NVQ qualifications and apprenticeship and advanced apprenticeship schemes.
By the 1990s students aged 16-18 could study Advanced GNVQ courses with a strong vocational component but these courses were replaced in 2000 by the Advanced Vocational Certificate in Education which was in turn withdrawn in 2004 and replaced by a number of Applied Advanced GCE courses.
Students aged 16-18 could also follow BTEC courses which were deemed to be of Advanced Level GCE standard.
Two-year Foundation Degrees which combine vocational and academic elements have been introduced by Universities and Further Education Colleges. They are increasingly popular as is shown in this recent BBC item.
A Diploma has been introduced which can be studied at varying levels by 14-19 year olds and which is by 2011 to be available with 17 possible options each with a strong vocational element. [Construction and Built Environment, IT, Society, Health and Development, Hair and Beauty Studies, Sport and Active Leisure, Humanities, Language, Science etc.]
You may click here for some detailed data relating to student numbers on BTEC and BTEC National Courses
In an ideal world these new vocationally based courses would enthuse students to adopt more positive attitudes to education in the recognition that what they are learning would help them to improve significantly their future employment prospects. However many of the criticisms which were applied to the Conservatives' New Vocationalism initiatives are already being applied to these more recent Labour initiatives:
While some Social democrats are relatively optimistic that standards, equality of opportunity and vocational relevance can all be increased others recognise that it will be no simple matter to achieve the meaningful educational reforms which they seek. It is noteworthy that after 13 successive years of Labour government there are still very significant class inequalities in educational achievement and ongoing concerns that on average the UK labour force is less skilled than the labour forces of our major competitors.
It should be noted also that for several years there have been criticisms of the organisation of apprenticeship schemes by both Conservative and Labour governments and the following links give information on apprenticeship trends and issues under recent Labour , Coalition and Conservative Governments. Students may choose to read the shorter Independent article for a sense of the issues involved but much more detailed information is available [if required] in the Select Committee Report.
Click here for a critical assessment of apprenticeship schemes as of 2015 from the Independent [August 2015]
Click here for a detailed report on Apprenticeships from the House of Commons Education Select Committee March 2015]
Click here for a House Of Commons Research Brief on Apprenticeships
Click here for OFSTED Report and here for BBC coverage of this report. October 2015
The Coalition Government of 2010-15 emphasised that further reforms of the education system would be necessary to improve the overall effectiveness of the education system as a means of increasing the competitiveness of the UK economy within the increasingly globalised economic system.
It extended the quasi-marketisation of education via the expansion of the Academies Programme and the introduction of Free Schools.
GCSE and GCE Advanced Level syllabi would be redrafted to make them more rigorous
Several measures were introduced to increase the vocational relevance of education
Higher Education Tuition fees which had been introduced by the Labour Government were to be increased significantly as a means of financing the expansion of Higher Education.
The then Secretary of State for Education Michael Gove outlined his general approach in September 2010 when he announced the setting up of a review of vocational education for 14-19 year olds to be led by Professor Alison Wolf. Click here for a summary of Mr Gove's views. Thus according to Mr. Gove:
It was important that if young people were to become productive workers they should attain a good general level of education especially in English Mathematics and the Sciences .
Without these fundamentals actual vocational qualifications would be regarded as inadequate by employers which would undermine the employability of students studying for these qualifications.
However because of the evaluation of schools in terms of the percentages of their students attaining 5 or more GCSE A*-C grades including English and Mathematics some schools had encouraged their students to take composite vocational courses deemed equivalent to as many as 4 GCSEs rather than to opt for subjects such as Modern Languages, History and Geography . Mr Gove believed that in so doing some schools in the pursuit of higher league table positions were actually undermining their own students' employability .
The Coalition and Vocational Education Policies
These policies may be analysed under the following headings
The Importance of the Wolf Report
The Introduction of University Technology Colleges
The Introduction of a Technological Baccalaureate and Technology -based Advanced Level courses
Improvement to Apprenticeship Schemes
Some details on these initiatives are provided below
Professor Wolf's Review, published in 2011. reached very similar conclusions. Thus the Review stated that although there were many good apprenticeship schemes there were also many courses which "did not do people any good " and that students on vocational courses should be made to keep up with academic subjects such as Mathematics and English. According to the review between 1/4 and 1/3 of 16-19 year old students were on courses which do not lead to jobs or training schemes and this view was supported by another expert , Professor Lorna Unwin who was especially critical of Level 1 and 2 NVQ courses which were deemed equivalent to GCSEs. and who stated that "There are too many people at the lower levels . These courses do not give progression because the qualifications are just not good enough." [Quoted in The Guardian]. Soon the Coalition Government responded to the Wolf Review in no uncertain terms by removing several thousand vocational qualifications from the school league tables although it remained abundantly clear that vocational education has a very important role to play within the overall education system. Click here for and here and here and here for some further information
Click here for Guardian coverage of new government policy on continuing study of Mathematics and English for pupils who have failed to gain GCSE Grade C passes in these subjects
Another important initiative in relation to vocational education has been the setting up of University Technical Colleges under the aegis of the Baker Dearing Trust. It was stated in the Conservative Party General Election Manifesto that if elected the Conservatives would facilitate the building of 15 such schools by 2015 but as of April 2013 45 University Technical Schools are either in operation or under construction.
University Technical Colleges are Academies which are geared to the technicality oriented education of 14-18 year olds. As stated for example on the Norfolk University Technical College Website they aim to offer students "a high status, full-time technically oriented education that blends academic education and hands -on opportunities". In many cases students will study the 5 current English Baccalaureate subjects along with additional technical/ vocational subjects in their first two years before proceeding to specialise more fully on technical/vocational subjects in their final two years. They are sponsored by universities and their curricula are influenced by local and national businesses which also guarantee to provide students with relevant work experience. It would appear , therefore, that such college will provide high quality academically based vocationally relevant education which should improve students' employment opportunities and contribute in some measure to long term increases in economic efficiency.
Teachers unions have argued that students will have to make the decision whether to attend a University Technical College at the early age of 13 and that the effects of this may be to increase the academic -vocational divide although this criticism is rejected by supporters of University Technical Colleges who point out that students will continue to study EBacc subjects and claim that the vocational focus of the colleges actually stimulates interest in academic subjects. Click here for a BBC Q and A on University Technical Colleges and Click here and Click here for additional information, and here for a detailed interview with Lord Baker.
In October 2013 major new plans have been unveiled for the expansion of University Technical Colleges and the setting up of Career Colleges. Click here and here and here for Independent coverage of this initiative. Click here for further information from the Independent On Career Colleges . [Link added August 2015: i.e. after Conservative General Election victory]
The Coalition Government has announced its intention to introduce a Technical Baccalaureate in Vocational Education. Click here for information on the Technical Baccalaureate from the BBC.
In December 2013 the Coalition unveiled a new range of A Level standard " Tech Level" qualifications which will be taught from September 2014. Click here for further information from the BBC.
It should be noted also that for several years there have been criticisms of the organisation of apprenticeship schemes by both Conservative and Labour governments and the following links give information on apprenticeship trends and issues under recent Labour , Coalition and Conservative Governments. Students may choose to read the shorter Independent and BBC items for a sense of the issues involved but much more detailed information is available [if required] in the longer reports listed below.
Click here for a critical assessment of apprenticeship schemes as of 2015 from the Independent August 2015
Click here for Mr Cameron's pre-General Election comments on new apprenticeships schemes and Click here for more critical comment on current apprenticeship schemes reported by the BBC. October 2015
Click here for File on 4 report on financial problems within the Further Education sector which has important implications for the delivery of vocational education. October 2015
Click here for a detailed report on Apprenticeships from the House of Commons Education Select Committee March 2015
Increasing numbers of Academies and Free Schools have opened and students should ensue that they are familiar with the possible advantages and disadvantages of Free Schools and Academies
Click here and follow the links to Summary for current numbers of Academies, Free Schools and UTC s in May 2020. As indicated in the table academisation has proceeded further in the Secondary Phase than in the Primary Phase
Click here for Guardian article [December 2019] on Academies' and Free Schools' SATs results
Click here and here for items on University Technical Colleges
Click here for items on apprenticeships and click here for a detailed Sutton Trust Report on Degree Apprenticeships
Click here for Guardian article on proposed introduction of T Levels suggesting they might not be available in September 2020. However the DFE has recently announced that these courses will be available in approximately 50 schools /colleges in September 2020. Click here for further information from the DfE and here for a BBC item on T Levels.
Click here for article on latest Pisa results
Increasing numbers of students have continued to Higher Education but significant class inequalities in access to Higher Education remain as is indicated in the following tables although, of course eligibility and ineligibility for free school meals are an inadequate measure of social class membership.
Students should also recall Patrick Ainley's critical analysis of Higher Education trends which is summarised above in which he argues that many University graduates end up in GRINGO jobs.
Click here and here for important new development: Government to scrap 50% of young to university Education target . Now the UK Government is arguing that there must be a rebalancing of education to more vocational and technical education delivered via high level apprenticeship schemes provided by Further Education colleges. The Universities are critical of these plans.
Click here for BBC item on COVID 10 and the UK Higher Education sector
In summary it is clear that there are important linkages between education systems and the economy but these linkages can be analysed from different perspectives. Functionalists claim that educational systems operate to increase economic efficiency so as to benefit all members of society .
More critically, Marxists have argued that formal education systems certainly meet the needs of capitalist economies but that they do so by preparing mainly working class pupils for their particular place as low paid workers in an exploitative unjust capitalist industrial system .
Feminists argue that even despite recent advances in overall female educational achievements , many working class girls and some ethnic minority girls are still relatively unsuccessful in educational terms which impedes economic efficiency as a whole. There are also significantly different attitudes to relationships between education and the economy as between different kinds of feminists
Interactionists have not focussed greatly on relationships between education and the economy but their arguments can be used as part of the explanation why formal education systems are not meritocratic and why therefore they may inhibit social justice and economic efficiency.
UK Governments have recognised from the late 19th Century onwards that the expansion of formal education systems was essential if the UK was to maintain and hopefully increase its economic capabilities and education policies were increasingly designed with this objective in mind. These competitive pressures have intensified in the era of globalisation and successive UK governments from the 1970s onwards have responded with policies to increase the quasi-marketisation of education, to increase the vocational relevance of school education, to improve apprenticeships and to expand the Higher Education sector.
In each case , however, significant criticisms have been made of these initiatives. Thus it has been claimed that the quasi-marketisation of education has inhibited equality of educational opportunity and thereby led to the wastage of talent; that the effectiveness of vocational education within schools remains limited; that University Technical Colleges and new Apprenticeship schemes have been relatively unsuccessful [although Advanced Apprenticeship schemes have been effective]; and that the growth of graduate employment has not kept pace with the increasing supply of graduates so that the promised transition to Post-Fordist prosperity has not materialised in practice.. Although employment opportunities for many graduates have increased others are effectively GRINGOS [graduates in non-graduate employment] while many poorly educated young people must continued to accept poorly paid precarious work in what Patrick Ainley describes as the Neo-Fordist sector of the economy.
Also although female and ethnic minority educational achievements are increasing they are still discriminated against in the labour market in various ways while for Marxists , the inadequacies of a capitalist education system in an unequal , unjust capitalist economy are all too predictable. Equally predictable , however, may be the limited influence of Marxist thought on new developments in educational policy, rightly or wrongly.


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Cajalove celice so vretenasto oblikovane intersticijske celice, ki se nahajajo v prebavnem traktu, natančneje v notranji krožni in zunanji vzdolžni plasti gladke mišičnine od požiralnika do zadnjika. Pomembni so predvsem za nadzor krčenja prebavnega trakta oziroma peristaltiko (so t. i. spodbujevalniki (pacemakerji) črevesja). Poimenovane so po španskemu histologu Santiagu Ramón y Cajalu.

Morfološke značilnosti
V tankem črevesu so podobne gladkomišičnim celicam. Obdane so z bazalno lamino in imajo dobro razvit endoplazemski retikulum ter intermediarne filamente, miozinski filamenti pa so odsotni. Vsebuje tudi številne mitohondrije, lipidne kapljice ter zrnca glikogena. Med sabo in z mišičnimi celicami so povezane s presledkovnimi stiki. Oživčujejo jih živčni končiči Auerbachovega živčnega pleteža.

Zaradi prisotnosti receptorja za tirozin-kinaze na površini celične membrane (plazmaleme) se jih lahko obarva z imunohistokemijskimi metodami za lažji prikaz.

Funkcije
V prebavnem traktu je njihova osnovna funkcija uravnavanje peristaltike (ritmično krčenje gladkega mišičja prebavil). Delujejo tudi kot receptorji za raztegljivost (proprioreceptor).

Medicinski pomen
Cajalove celice ali njihove prekurzorske celice so izvor gastrointestinalnih stromalnih tumorjev (GIST), okvare v delovanju teh celic pa prispevajo tudi k razvoju zaprtosti (obstipacije), vnetja, Hirschsprungove bolezni idr. Raziskave na živalih so tudi pokazale, da je v primeru odsotnosti Cajalovih celic občutljivost prebavnega trakta na živčna prenašalca (nevrotransmitorja) acetilholin in dušikov oksid (NO) močno zmanjšana.

Opombe in sklici

Viri
 Junqueira L.C., Carneiro J. in Kelley R.O. (2003). Basic histology, 10. izdaja. New York, London, Toronto: Lange Medical Books McGraw-Hill.

Živalske celice
Prebavila

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bryan Kneale was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, in 1930. He studied at Douglas School of Art (1947) and at the Royal Academy Schools, London (1948-52). In 1948 he won the Rome Prize, and spent most of his time travelling in Italy where he was greatly influenced by the work of the Futurists and metaphysical painters. His early ambition was to be a painter, and on returning to London in 1951 he started to paint with palette knives in a desire to 'construct' with paint. In 1960, having learnt welding techniques, Bryan Kneale turned to three dimensions and held his first exhibition of sculpture. A teacher for most of his career, Kneale was Head of Sculpture at Hornsey College of Art and Design (1968) and Professor of Sculpture at the Royal Academy Schools (1980-87). He held successive posts at the Royal College of Art, as Tutor (1963-80), Senior Tutor (1980-85), Head of Sculpture (1985-90) and Professor of Drawing (1990-95). There is no doubt that teaching had the effect of slowing Kneale's progression as a sculptor, and since his retirement form the Royal College in 1995 his sculpture has developed rapidly. An overriding characteristic in his work is an emphasis on linkages: the way in which separate forms are conjoined. Skeletons and joints of animals were explored through drawing and construction in metal. Kneale prefers to work directly in metal rather than modelling in an intermediary material before casting. Recent pieces have been constructed from spun steel domes, which he cuts and realigns in abstract forms and finishes in a variety of ways. Kneale has maintained a busy exhibiting schedule, with regular solo exhibitions since 1953 and group exhibitions since 1961. He has shown mostly in Britain with occasional exhibitions abroad, and his work is represented in collections from Australia and New Zealand to Brazil and the United States of America.
Only 30 can be viewed by the public.


Djúpalónssandur or Deeplagoonsand is a fascinating place for many reasons. The name is traced back to some of the first settlers in Iceland some twelve hundred years ago. It was the landing place of Bárður Snæfellsás and his family and crew. It is also a place where farmers and people at Snæfellsne Peninsula used as a fishing station for centuries. And last but not least it is a beautiful place with stunning landforms.
When you visit Djúpalónssandur take care as the path to the beach is short, narrow and harsh. But once at the beach, you pass an interesting lava rock with a hole in the middle. On the beach, you will also see many other interesting lava formations and rocks, some that are connected to local stories and folklore. On the shore behind the lava on your right side when walking the path is a small pond, a beautiful sight. Specifically, if you are at Djupalonssandur on a clear day with the glacier in the background. The beach is also quite unique with its many pebbles of various sizes. It is a great place to take children and give them time to play with the small stones by the beach.
This strange black sand cove on the south coast of the Snæfellsnes Peninsula is curiously close to the Icelandic heart. It is covered with black pearly pebbles, constantly being brought in by the ocean waves. Still, picking them – or nicking them – is strictly forbidden. It's not that they keep a pebble-police at Djúpalónssandur, the Icelanders just don't want their stones removed. Not a single one of them. In the old day, just like so many coves in this area, Djúpalónssandur used to be a fishing station similar to the nearby Dritvík. And, being the temple of stones in Iceland, on this beach you will find four larger rocks, significant to the cove's history. Those are the four lifting stones where workers at the fishing stations would test the strength. The smallest one is Amlóði (Bungler) at 23 kilos, followed by Hálfdrættingur (Weak) at 54 kilos, then there is Hálfsterkur (Half-Strength) at 100 kilos a last, but not least, Fullsterkur (Full-Strength) at 154 kilos. Half Strength marked the frontier of wimpy and those who couldn't lift it was deemed unsuitable for life at sea. At the beach, you will also see rusted metal from the English trawler Eding, which was wrecked at the Djúpalón beach in 1948.
To reach Djúpalónssandur, you need to drive Útnesvegur road on Snæfellsnes Peninsula nr. 574. You take a turn to the south when you reach the intersection nr. 572 Dritvíkkurvegur road. There is a parking lot by Djúpalónssandur cove.


text:
An event every week that begins at 12:00 am on Tuesday, repeating until March 28, 2023
« South Australian Championship 2023
South Australian Candidates 2023 »
This is one of our most important events for the year!
It attracts ten of the best players in the State as they battle it out over nine gruelling weeks of round robin chess. It has the special unique feature, found nowhere else in the world – the Sulik Challenge!
Frank Sulik was an exceptionally talented chess player who won our State Championship nine times (check our Honours List on this website to see for yourself)! When he passed, his loved ones and relatives generously donated $10,000 and a trophy. Both the $10,000 and trophy will be given to the the first person to win the SA Chess Champion title 5 times, starting in 2011.
The SA Championship is the qualifying tournament for the $10,000 Sulik prize.
When: 7.00pm, consecutive Tuesdays from the 31st of January to the 28th of March 2023
Venue: The Chess Centre of South Australia,
10 Ranelagh Street, Adelaide.
Entry Fee: $120 Adult, $100 Concession, late entry fee $5 (after 12pm 31st of February)
Qualification limits apply.
Format: 9 Rounds, Round-Robin format. FIDE Rated.
Players are expected to play all rounds.
Time Control: Fischer Classic – 90 Minutes + 30 Seconds a move
1st: $700
2nd: $400
3rd: $200
SACA Tournaments
Tournament Secretary
tournaments@sachess.org.au
sachess.org.au
The Chess Centre
10 Ranelagh Street
Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia + Google Map
A printable (.pdf) version of the 2023 SACA Calendar can be found here.
Noticed errors or omissions in the event listings? Please let us know by sending an email to webmaster@sachess.org.au

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Facing error of "The default schema does not exist." when executing runtime query inside sp using exec() i have made a runtime query inside a sp and am exceuting the query within the sp using exec(), but when creating the sp i am getting the error
The default schema does not exist.

The SP is:
CREATE PROCEDURE MySP
    @tableName varchar(100)

AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

declare @selectQuery varchar(MAX)

set @selectQuery = 'select * from ' + @tableName

exec(@selectQuery)

end

kindly help

A: It is probably because the default schema associated with the User creating the SP no longer exists or the user no longer has access to the schema.
Although, I thought SQL Server defaulted to the dbo schema.  Maybe try to qualify the schema for the Stored Proc.
e.g
Create Procedure dbo.MySP

A: Use CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.MySP
The user you are logged in as must have a non existent default schema.
DEFAULT_SCHEMA can be set to a schema that does not currently exist in the database.
Also you should use quotename(@tableName) and a parameter type of sysname rather than varchar(100) to avoid SQL injection or just errors from non standard object names.

A: You could change your default schema:
ALTER USER [YOURDOMAIN\HotTester] WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA=[dbo]
GO

then avoiding having to include [dbo]. in the CREATE PROCEDURE

A: I ran into this "The default schema does not exist" error on an INSERT statement. It didn't help to prefix it with the dbo schema even though the table was in the dbo schema.
The default schema for this user was a custom one. It did exist, and the user could query a table inside it.
I finally figured out that I had to add a schema with that same name in tempdb. I don't really understand why this was needed, but hopefully it will help someone else who searches for this error message.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
layout: post
title: LocalBitcoins Review
description: LocalBitcoins Review
author: Melvin Draupnir
authorurl: /melvin-draupnir/
published: true
toc:
  approved: LocalBitcoins Approved Payment Methods
  exchange: Exchange Fees
  secure: Secure Trading
  opinion: Community Opinion about LocalBitcoins
  picking: Picking Your Seller
  seller: Corresponding With The Seller
---

{% include page-toc.html %}

LocalBitcoins have been available for such quite a while. The site is an area to meet as well as to exchange Bitcoins, for both purchasers and dealers around the globe.

It is tantamount to Craigslist as to exchanging Bitcoin. You will discover various bitcoin aspects in this article and this will provide directions also on the methods for picking a secure exchange in the website.

LocalBitcoins Approved Payment Methods

LocalBitcoins dealers or purchasers utilize diverse payment methods. The fundamental ones are named below:

Paypal

Webmoney

Western Union

Wire exchange

COD or Cash on Delivery

Cash via mail

Since you're purchasing and selling to individual people, a credit card cannot be utilized. The Paypal alternative though can be utilized to pay via your credit card during instances where you don't have Paypal balance.

Various fees are necessary to pay which depends on the payment method you have chosen. One specific example is during Paypal usage to purchase LocalBitcoins that gives the seller a considerably more risk.

Why?

The reason is primarily because Bitcoin isn't a typical digital or physical commodity you can buy online. It is to some degree a type of money and an untraceable one somehow. That is the primary reason why several credit card organizations (i.e. Paypal) cannot ensure Bitcoin exchanges offering BTC via credit card purchases.

The typical way for having the best cost to purchase Bitcoin is utilizing Wire Transfers or Cash Deposits wherein it's hard to have your payment reversed.

Exchange Fees

If your intention is just to buy Bitcoins, then you can freely utilize LocalBitcoins. The website only takes one percent (1%) commission taken from the sellers. However, one should remember that when the BTC are in your own account already, a payment for the Basic network fees is gonna be required so that you store your money in your personal Bitcoin wallet.

It's highly advised not to keep your Bitcoins around in a LocalBitcoin's wallet but transfer it as soon as possible to your own Bitcoin wallet.

The vendors can have the transaction charge for free as well, however they will have to pay for bigger amount of exchange rates, therefore you might as well take note of this when having a trade.

Secure Trading

Various measures are utilized in LocalBitcoins in order to have a secure and safe trading:

Reputation framework – All trader has a notoriety rank and also an open history records showing their past activities.

Escrow – Upon an exchange, the cash you sent are kept on the escrow administration of LocalBitcoins. They're discharged just upon the vender's affirmation of a successful exchange.

2FA – which means two factor authentication enables anyone to avoid their accounts being hacked through having an extra PIN CODE being sent to your mobile at whatever point you sign in to your own account. This process should be personally enabled since it's not enabled readily.

Login protect – It is utilized to confirm that you're just simply using a similar web browser after signing in. If it's a different web browser, email authentication is needed.

Support and conflict resolution– For occasions when a client has inquiries and issues, LocalBitcoins gives a customer support team for the purpose of answering and resolving these things that may happen in between buyers and sellers.

Community Opinion about LocalBitcoins

When I tried to check Bitcoin's major community group like Reddit and Bitcointalk, you can observe various opinions regarding LocalBitcoins. However, to sum up what I've read from the fifteen reviews (15) and more, similar things were coined by most individuals; that its platform is considered awesome but we cannot make certain of the general population. One remark in Redditor mentioned that exchanges are as dependable as the individual you're having deals with.

That's the purpose why I will show you how to safely and securely do exchanges on the platform.

Ways for you to Avoid Scam while Trading in LocalBitcoins.

Despite the fact that LocalBitcoins is considered a great platform, the dealers are not very great. Since you're exchanging with individuals, you need to practice the correct safety measures. These are good approaches to lead you in exchanging securely.

Picking Your Seller

Moreover, a demand to buy Bitcoins ought to be stayed away from since it will simply draw in numerous scammers. Try to search instead for dealers who are offering Bitcoins effectively for they are presumably more genuine.

Check the seller's profile and verify if he or she is suitable for the criteria listed below:

Past transactions involving more than 100 BTC in his whole lifetime however with 100 exchanges as least also

Has at least a 98% rating score at least

His account has been around for a year or more

Regarded as verified merchant (company account ,phone number, email

There's no less than ten individuals who considers him trustworthy

In the event that you can take after these criteria then you'll most likely be incredible. Given the situation wherein you can't find a seller that suits all the given criteria mentioned, then search for the following best alternative. The idea is simply doing an intensive investigation and making sure that the merchant has a lot of outstanding trades that were totally completed before.

From that point onward, inspect through the LocalBitcoins' discussion and then check the seller's username. In the event that any issues come up, you'll most positively read it there. Or else, you would have found yourself a seller now.

Corresponding With The Seller

Make and send a message to a seller to ask for an exchange and wait patiently for their response.

DON'T:

Send more of your details before you are able to receive a reply from the seller.

Permit having a trade with a seller that's beyond the Localbitcoins scope because their escrow service won't be able to protect you.

Give out your payment information in other ways besides the LocalBitcoins message box. Try to avoid sending emails, having phone calls as well as text messages. Only the Localbitcoin's interface should be solely utilized.

The moment you have sent your payment already, that's the time you tick payment as made or done, because if not, you'll be probably denied from the exchange.

Presently, you simply need to sit tight for the BTC to appear in your own LocalBitcoins account. In the event that there's any issue, try to solve it first together with the dealer. You shouldn't stress over the possibility of losing your cash, if you have just utilized the LocalBitcoins' framework then you are protected by the escrow service.

Observe that in the event that you are totally unfamiliar to LocalBitcoins, there's a major possibility for "power sellers" to deny you exchange with them since you don't have sufficient feedback yet. It implies that you need to do two or three little exchanges with a not all that dependable merchant first keeping in mind the end goal is for feedback raising and have the capacity to execute with the profoundly respectable ones.

Therefore, those are some points you basically have to remember to securely utilize Localbitcoins. Simply take after the steps and you'll 99% percent avoid scams. For any added inquiries, simply go to the LocalBitcoin's FAQ page.. I wish you luck!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Thousands of Nigerian slum dwellers left homeless after mass eviction
By Bukola Adebayo, CNN
Updated 1740 GMT (0140 HKT) January 22, 2020
Tarkwa Bay residents pack their belongings on boats on Tuesday after military personnel from the Nigerian navy invaded the community. Photo: Omoregie Osakpolor
Lagos, Nigeria (CNN) Authorities in Nigeria evicted thousands of impoverished residents from a Lagos slum, leaving many homeless, residents and eyewitnesses told CNN.
Residents described scenes of panic and confusion Tuesday as hundreds of navy personnel pushed into Tarkwa Bay and neighboring island communities on the Lagos Lagoon, ordering them to leave within an hour.
Navy Cmdr. Thomas Otuji, a spokesman for the operation launched in December, said the planned demolition of buildings aims to tackle oil theft along pipelines that run through the coastal city.
Mohammed Zanna, a resident and paralegal, told CNN that the forces shot sporadically in the air as residents, who said they had no prior notice, scrambled to find their families and pack their belongings.
"Everyone was panicking and packing everything they could carry. The men were shooting in the air and shouting that people should leave," Zanna told CNN.
A boy looks on as Tarkwa Bay residents pack their belongings on boats on Tuesday. Photo: Omoregie Osakpolor
Many residents queued at the harbor till nightfall, trying to secure boats to transport their families from the island to the city, said Megan Chapman, co-director of the Justice & Empowerment Initiatives, a nonprofit that assists poor communities. She visited neighborhoods while the evictions were ongoing, Chapman said.
"We saw dozens of boats filled with belongings and families trying to see how they were going to leave the island. Most of them did not know," Chapman said.
Otodo Gbame: Landmark ruling gives lifeline to evicted Lagos residents
A consortium of advocacy groups, including JEI and the Nigeria Slum/Informal Settlement Federation, put the number of displaced persons in the thousands.
The navy's Otuji said he did not have an exact figure of those impacted by the eviction, but residents in affected communities had been told to leave before the exercise began.
Residents were still packing their belongings out of the waterfront settlement on Wednesday, according to Zanna.
Tarkwa Bay, home to at least 4,500 people, is among dozens of communities with structures that have been marked for demolition by the navy. All are accessible only by water.
In some communities, bulldozers have already done their work.
Residents trying to secure a boat ride at the Lagos Island jetty on Tuesday. Photo: JEI
Otuji said residents had been advised to leave in December after authorities found that the majority of homes on the islands were built along pipelines. They also discovered that some structures in the slum were being used as a disguise for crude oil theft operations, he said.
"We found at least 300 illegal spots and dug out pits where oil products were being tapped and sold illegally, even to neighboring countries," Otuji said.
"They have been there doing all sorts of illegalities. This is dangerous for people to be living in these areas with oil pipelines. What else can we do but to make sure that we salvage the situation?" he said.
A pit used to siphon oil from pipelines in Kamaru community in Lagos, according to the Nigerian navy.
Chapman said authorities should have targeted those involved, instead of evicting innocent families in the community, mostly inhabited by fishermen and artisans.
"The law does not allow for collective punishment and summary demolition as a security measure. If there are individuals involved in these activities, what the law requires is for the individuals to be arrested and prosecuted for any crime they might have committed," Chapman told CNN.
People living in waterfront communities in Lagos, a city of 21 million people, have been forcefully evicted in recent years by authorities citing safety concerns.
In 2016, more than 30,000 families were sent packing from Otodo Gbame, a fishing community, after state security agents allegedly destroyed their homes.
Many of them are still homeless despite a court ruling that the Lagos state government should resettle those affected by the demolition.


text:
Computer Models / Hurricane Season 2020 / National Hurricane Center / NOAA / Spaghetti Models / Spaghetti Plots / Tropical Cyclone
NOAA: Tropical Depression Cristobal Projected Path, Spaghetti Models
NOAA's National Hurricane Center issued a Public Advisory at 11 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on Friday, June 5, 2020, due to the presence of Tropical Depression Cristobal (formerly Tropical Storm Cristobal, Tropical Depression 3, and Invest 93L) which broke the record for the earliest third-named tropical storm in the history of the Atlantic Hurricane Basin.
Tropical Depression Cristobal Projected Path
NOAA National Hurricane Center Tropical Storm Cristobal 2020 Projected Path
Tropical Depression Cristobal is located 40 miles east of Campeche, Mexico, and is moving to the north at 12 mph (19 km/h).
NHC forecasters say that this general motion is expected to continue for the next couple of days.
On the National Hurricane Center forecast track, the center of the tropical cyclone will move back over the southern Gulf of Mexico this evening, over the central Gulf of Mexico on Saturday, and be near the northern Gulf of Mexico coast Sunday evening.
Tropical Depression Cristobal Computer Models
Tropical Storm Cristobal 2020 Spaghetti Models, Computer Models
Spaghetti models are in stronger agreement that the tropical cyclone will head northward towards Louisiana.
An upper-level trough to the west and a mid-level ridge to the east of Cristobal are contributing to the deep southerly flow that should steer the cyclone generally northward for the next few days. All of the global computer models forecast this to occur, though the exact forward speed at which Cristobal will move is more uncertain.
Overall, the 6Z guidance shows the tropical cyclone moving northward at a slightly faster pace and the official NHC track forecast has been adjusted accordingly.
The NHC track now slightly lags the consensus but is still faster than the European model (ECMWF) and the ECMWF ensemble mean.
Tropical Depression Cristobal Category Strength
Tropical Storm Cristobal 2020 Projected Wind Arrival Time
Tropical Depression Cristobal's maximum sustained winds are 35 mph (55 km/h), with higher gusts.
According to the National Hurricane Center, some strengthening is forecast during the next 48 hours and Cristobal is expected to regain tropical storm strength later today. Some additional strengthening is forecast thereafter.
Tropical Depression Cristobal Watches And Warnings
A Storm Surge Watch is in effect from Indian Pass to Arepika, Florida; Grand Isle, Louisiana to Ocean Springs, Mississippi; and Lake Borgne.
A Storm Surge Watch means there is a possibility of life-threatening inundation, from rising water moving inland from the coastline, in the indicated locations during the next 48 hours.
A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect from Intracoastal City, Louisiana to the Alabama/Florida border; Lake Pontchartrain and Lake Maurepas; and from Punta Herrero to Rio Lagartos, Mexico.
A Tropical Storm Watch means that tropical storm conditions are possible within the watch area, generally within 48 hours. Tropical storm conditions in the watch area in Mexico could occur through this afternoon.
NOAA forecasts an 'above-normal' 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season which runs from June 1 through November 30.
Hurricane Iota Hits Nicaragua: Path, Spaghetti Models
NOAA: Category 2 Hurricane Iota Track, Spaghetti Models
NOAA: Hurricane Iota Track, Spaghetti Models
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Two weeks ago I broke my toe. I have been on crutches since. There are things that still have to be done, of course, but getting around on crutches when you aren't used to them is tiring and difficult. There are things you do everyday that become complicated when your arms and hands are full. You are no longer able to get yourself a cup of water. Opening doors is a nightmare. And we won't even discuss trips to the bathroom.
It is precisely these moments when small acts of kindness are most noticeable and many of them were done unto me these last two weeks. Co workers got me water, the security guard always got the door for me, and complete strangers went out of their way for me.
The crux of these random acts for me was yesterday when I had gone with my husband to the eye surgeon to assess if his cataracts were responsible for his rapidly failing eyesight. Even though he has Ushers Syndrome, the recent deterioration of his eyesight was concerning. When we arrived, I was in a wheelchair given to us by the doorman while we were in the clinic, with my crutches across my lap. I spoke to the lady at the desk. We were late, I said but only by 20 minutes. I gave her my husbands name and she told me they did not have him down and the doctor he was supposed to see wasn't even there that day. He was on vacation. After a lot of frantic signing back and forth between my husband and I and translations of the front desk information, we were afraid we would have to reschedule and I really didn't have any sick days left.
The nice lady at the front desk of Methodist Hospitals Eye Center got us in to see another doctor. Everyone from that point took extra time with us that they would have had off.
In the end of the appointment they informed us that there was nothing they could do to help my husbands failing vision. Cataracts weren't the problem. Though the results of the exam were disappointing, one thing was uplifting, the small acts of kindness from the front desk who did all they could to work us in immediately, the technicians who gave up time to do tests on a cranky deaf blind man, the doctors associates who tried to get all the information they could to give to the doctor–working around an interpreter with a broken toe–to the doctor who accepted a client they hadn't any prior information on, they all made a difficult situation much better.


Foundation is a technique utilized to increase the structure depth. This might be carried out in case a designer wants to include more stories to a building. Likewise, the foundation could be damaged by tree roots and this approach used for correction.The adjacent building and construction may have structures lower than the existing thus requiring to be lowered. If basements are constructed very near an existing structure, the structure may need to be altered. The reason is for stability of the existing home. Fractures may appear in a building up to the base thus needing a structure solution.
The underpinning in foundations might be undertaken and however monitored by an engineer. This works need to follow instructions keenly for security. Before any beginning, of work the location of operation must be hoarded. The works take from excavation to surfaces approximately a month to finish. The area to work on is measured and mapped out. The work needs to begin from the corners working inwards. This is done on load bearing walls only. Foundations without any load bearing walls are excused. The flaws on these walls can be remedied utilizing most easy methods.
The foundation in foundations begins with excavations. This ought to be done under a strip Extra resources footing. A length of one meter, a width of half a meter and depth of half a meter pit is dug. This is carried out in stages of two meters. This is range between the pits. After the excavations, mass concrete is added to the cavity. Mixes are one part cement, three parts sand and 6 parts aggregates. Concrete is made to a good consistence and is poured into the cavity. Usage type deal with the edges. Use a rod bar ensuring that the cavity under the existing foundation is filled.
After the underpinning concrete is placed in the cavity, its enabled to set for two days. The operation is repeated for the next bay. This continues up until the required foundation is total. Guarantee that the concrete is treated completely before loading it. The next thing is to break off the forecasting foundation. Cut the concrete flush with the mass concrete surface. after this is finished for all the bays, soil is then back filled and compacted thoroughly. Watering with a hose is done for consolidation of the soil. This is done upon conclusion of the work.
Concrete paths and walkways can make your residential premises feel more welcoming to visitors. It is a direct path from the sidewalk to your door, or into the backyard. It is important to concentrate on every aspect of your property in order to make it seem like a welcoming spot for others. Luckily, an excellent concrete contractor can install a top quality concrete path in your front or backyard and swap what you were imagining perfectly into a reality.
These paths are easy to build as well as simpler to maintain. Many people choose to add a walkway on their lawn so that they can give direction and decoration on their property. As a good concrete contractor service, we're specialized in a wide range of services and can help you turn your home into what you would like it to be.
Why have a path installed in your yard?
- It will make your home look more "complete".
If there is just a lawn in your home, without anything else to fill up all of that green space, it is going to appear as though something is missing from your vicinity. A good walkway will make your house seem like it is a crucial element of the neighborhood and that you took enough time to fill the area you have got.
- As mentioned before, it's going to welcome others to your door.
installing a path that leads from the street to your front step is unquestionably welcoming and will make you feel like you are a member of your neighborhood.
- It offers a myriad of opportunities for decorating.
Regardless of whether you use twinkly lights, lanterns, or flowers to glamorize the sides of the walkway, this will greatly transform the look of your residence. It allows you to add something great to your property and provides others a feeling of your personality. The way a front lawn is decorated and maintained speaks volumes about the people living within the home. However, should you prefer to not decorate, an easy path still looks beautiful on any property.
There are several forms of concrete paths and one design may be far better for your property. Concrete paths either can be constructed with poured concrete, concrete paving stones, or concrete blocks. Landscaped pathways are typically present in gardens and outdoor environments, therefore we can have plenty of choices for landscaped pathways open to you. These are made of an assortment of poured concrete and stamped concrete stones that display unique patterns. Different colors, lamination, engraving, chemical stains, and decorative borders all can improve the appearance of a pathway. This is very eye-catching and will increase the value of your home.
How much does setting up concrete pathways cost?
Concrete normally costs $5 - $16 per square foot, depending on the type of concrete ordered and exactly how much specialty design you want. So based on the size of your dwelling, the whole cost could come to anywhere from $1,000 to $20,000, or much more.
We're available to offer you essentially the most reliable and profession concrete contractor services. No matter what you need for your property, we will help you to make certain that you've got no complaints by the end of the service. Everything must correspond to your standards for us to feel good with the work. If you have any questions or you wish to book a scheduled appointment, please contact us by telephone.
They're very easy and economical and they are mostly preferred because they do n't need the necessity for major excavations, foundations walls or footings. 3 variants in the slab foundation exist, namely: cold area, wet warm area and desert. For all three, the region is often staked out with batter boards and the top layer of soil or sod is normally removed. Materials and tools used are very much like those used for typical pour slab foundations.
Pier foundations are merely individual footers that are meant to support a structural beam or post. Simple pier foundations are often utilized for small structures that are built using a crawl-space design. Anchor plates and bolts are usually secured into place in the pier footer before the concrete fully takes hold. Attaching the beam or post is thus simplified and thus, leads to one of the most strongest of applications. Pier foundations are most of the time, set deep to the ground to avoid the upheaval and shifting processes brought about by perennial freeze and thaw cycles. To bring down the quantity of concrete that is utilized, a truncated pyramid shape is employed. Plywood or any other strong lumber may be used to construct the forms.
On the other hand, concrete blocks utilized to build block foundations are naturally hollow and they also tend to be vulnerable to damage particularly if exposed to high compressive or tensile stresses.
Ordinarily, in the construction of poured wall foundations, large and high wooden forms are constructed and secured properly in order to guarantee they are able to sustain the quantity of pressure that they will be put through in the concrete pour. In one continuous pour, concrete will be poured in the foundation forms to make sure that there no weaknesses. Poured concrete foundations usually are strengthened by making use of reinforcing steel.
For vertical reinforcement, steel bars will have been strategically installed into the footing before the concrete pour has been done. The rods used may be typically 1 1 / 2 inches across and they are usually directly coupled to the poured concrete footer the foundation rests on. However, horizontal reinforcement mandates that the steel bars be horizontally put in the upper and lower areas of the poured foundation walls. The reinforcing steel contains a high tensile strength of around 40,000 lbs per square in. This horizontal steel helps prevent the occurance of vertical cracks when the foundation heaves or drops.
A concrete project isn't a Do-it-Yourself job. It needs professionals with good experience and skills to complete the task right the first time. For a fact, you wouldn't want to invest lots of money on a new patio, driveway or other concrete structures at your residence, only to have a shoddy service offered- this will make you spend extra money on massive repairs and pricey upgrades. Therefore, it's paramount to choose a concrete contractor that is renowned for providing results of the highest quality and possesses a superb reputation within the concrete work industry.
Here at AAA Concreting, we focus on providing our clients with exceptional concrete services in Arlington. No job is too little or big for us. Our goal is always to meet the requirements of our clients in a cost-effective and timely way.
Our commitment to delivering quality results in every project is because client contentment is our top priority.
We've got the very best concrete craftsmen and skilled contractors who work to guarantee that each phase in the project is handled with great expertise. Our usage of premium quality concrete materials and state-of-the-art equipment signifies that our customers receive the best on budget and also on time.
We exceed our working standards to make sure you get your desired (in terms of style and design) patio, driveway, sidewalk, or other concrete structure. Our most significant mission is always to diligently serve and satisfy our esteemed customers in the most convenient way we can because they're the key reason why we've been in business for many years.
Whether you are looking to build a new concrete pool deck or need it to be revamped- we will give you exactly what you desire. Our concrete business does not center around us- it's about you, our valued customer. We will work collaboratively with you to find AAA Concreting out a comprehensive solution that won't only meet your specific needs, but also perfectly fit in your set budget. Here are among the reasons why you ought to consider hiring us to take care of your concrete home projects in Arlington.
Concrete contractors are pros who handle more than just pouring driveways. If you are ready to make a change to your vicinity, you might think about more than simply a basic slab.
The busy lives of property owners currently are the very reason it's best to let professionals handle the concrete work essential for any remodeling project. This can be most effectively resolved by having a concrete contractor that can help you in providing with best options and quality outputs.
The truth is that there are numerous options available to personalize these material. An ordinary, flat surface is no longer the ideal option. every time you call a professional, ask him to bring you samples of what they can provide for you. When you practice this, you'll find that you have a lot more design features than you thought.
· Should it be Stone?
One of the most effective solutions to customize and personalize the room is to make your basic concrete to look like stone. Some of the most renowned and skilled contractors can do this to suit your needs. They can help you to actually select the colors, textures, and materials you desire. Then, they can construct the space just how you want it to look. If you want you can lay stone, but have in mind the charges are too high, this is often a very visually impactful substitution to utilize.
· What is the Color?
If you are similar to most people, you think that your driveway has to be the gray color you see everywhere. That is not really the case. After a little touch-up, Browse this site you will be easily able to transform this space right into a beautiful design using colors. Tinting can be added to the mixture to alter the colour to really make it virtually anything you want.
· It is Not just Flat.
Understand that lots of the more advanced professionals in this industry can do far more than just create a driveway or a path. Often, they create upright walls, even those that are a couple of ft . tall. They have the capacity to create ornate decorations and detail them too. If you want to include a beautiful element of space, do it with concrete as opposed to stone, brick or plastics. It appears great, and lasts for decades. Just choose a contractor with commendable engineering experience help you to build the structure you dream of.
Concrete contractors can make incredible structures that complement your dreams, from archways to beautiful panes which help to include texture and character to the building. It may well be easy to view exactly how beautiful this space can be. Discuss your options. Learn you can contribute to bring out a big change to your region by using this material.
In general, assurance that prime-quality work will be done is vital for this kind of endeavor. Hiring a concrete contractor for this activity opens the opportunity of creating the best out of your project.
Do you need a professional concrete installation and repairs services expert? Do you want your concrete driveways, patios, and stamped concrete to be built by someone with lots of experience? Why don"t you engage Denver's finest concrete contractors?
When you are looking for excellent concrete works and landscaping services, clearly, the whole ordeal can be tiring, confusing and will less likely yield the end result which you wanted. As one of the few reliable concrete contractors, we are here to make sure you get value for your cash.
Welcome and we appreciate you for choosing a high-quality yet affordable Paving and Concrete Contractor in Denver, Colorado. We are a top-notch ranking firm having served the whole of this great region for over a decade, won several accolades and also the trust of our own broad base of clientele. Although our reputation is a stand-out which include an ideal combination of award-winning designs and cutting-edge expertise, feel comfortable knowing that we know what you want, after you hire us.
We're a concrete contractor with experience and know-how to work on the following sites.
Affordable: yes, when you need a customer-friendly concrete contractor, try us. We've been voted as one of the few firms whom you can hire and not break your budget.
Comprehensive: just forget about handling numerous tasks that relate with our specialty, you need to know that being comprehensive includes handling clients of all sorts as well as in all areas.
Professional: after you have us with you, you are going to undoubtedly notice what you and the project means to us. There exists a unique way of accomplishing every job at hand, mostly treating it with utmost keenness and professionalism. We offer an excellent service to ensure a durable solution.
Trust us to convert your premises into one exquisite landscape, no matter what we choose to involve in. Although we're one professional team of experienced personnel, our scope of services vary to ensure that we attend to all of our clients. As a reliable concrete contractor in Denver, we deal with a wide variety of services, including the ones stated below.
Over the years, we've ensured that we grow in line with the technological advancements and client requirements, even incorporating some contemporary aspects in your works. From the simple custom works to those ingenious industrial jobs, our new approach that is meant to ensure that all concrete works last and look elegant, appear to work.
It is our pride and our privilege being Denver's best concrete contractor, often offering up to a staggering 90% of our clients a same-day response and quotation services. The fact that we're accredited, and affiliated with the elite concrete contractors ensures that our services are top notch and are reviewed annually.


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Maple Leaf Foods Meat Processing Facility, Hamilton
Meat processing facility
Red Hill Business Park, Hamilton
Maple Leaf Foods (MLF)
Bird Construction and Stellar Group
The Maple Leaf Foods facility in Hamilton was opened in 2014.
The processing facility was built at Red Hill Business Park South in Hamilton.
Maple Leaf Foods initially produced hotdogs at the processing plant in Hamilton.
Maple Leaf Foods (MLF) started construction of a new meat processing facility at Red Hill Business Park South in Hamilton, Canada, in June 2012. The new facility was commissioned in 2014.
"The plant is the largest and most technologically advanced in Canada."
In January 2012, MLF purchased 48 acres of land for the new meat plant in the city of Hamilton, which has the necessary space, skilled workforce and public transit facilities. Furthermore, the city is located near to the key markets of Toronto and Ontario.
The new facility benefits Hamilton by adding a property tax base of approximately $2m every year. The investment for the construction of the new facility was roughly $395m. MLF previously opened a new bread production facility in Hamilton in November 2012.
Meat processing facility details
The new meat facility has a total floor space of approximately 500,000ft². It produces deli meats, processed meat and wieners. The plant is not involved in slaughtering or rendering, so it produces minimal odours.
Sunnymel Poultry Slaughterhouse, Canada
Canadian pork / poultry processors Olymel and Westco formed a new partnership, called Sunnymel, to jointly build a chicken slaughtering facility in the village of Clair in New Brunswick.
It created jobs for more than 670 people. Maple Leaf Foods closed the existing processing plants located in Hamilton, Kitchener and Toronto upon completion of the new plant. It also shut down three out-of-province plants located in Saskatchewan, New Brunswick and Manitoba, as well as four distribution centres in the country. The employees at the closed plants have been relocated to the new plant.
The new facility simplifies MLF's distribution network by improving supply chain efficiencies.
The new facility uses automation to make the whole food process safer by reducing the amount of human handling, which minimises the scope for contamination.
Hotdog and deli meat production at the Hamilton plant
Production at the new plant began initially with hotdogs, before introducing sliced deli meats later in 2014.
The plant produces more than 400 products, which include several varieties of hotdogs, ham, turkey, pastrami and bologna, as well as a wide range of other processed deli meats.
All products are produced under a highly safe and hygienic environment, says MLF.
Construction of the new meat processing facility
MLF broke ground for the construction of the new facility in June 2012. The facility was ready by the end of 2014.
"The new facility was completed by the end of 2014."
The new facility has insulated panels and an interstitial space located above each of the process areas for accommodating the mechanical and electrical systems.
The construction contractor, Bird Construction, installed the process equipment in coordination with a design consultant to ensure that all systems were fully commissioned and certified.
The contract for the construction of the new meat facility in Hamilton was awarded to Bird Construction, a Toronto-based company, in June 2012.
Stellar Group provided the engineering design and architectural services for the plant.
Sustainability of the new Maple Leaf Foods facility
The new facility aims to achieve LEED Silver certification by 2015. It has received certification from the Canadian food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and is built in compliance with the CFIA's standards.
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text:
Q: Programming an ATmega32u4 through USB I'm designing my first circuit with an ATmega 32u4 processor. Since I read about the BOOTRST and HWBE fuses I'm confused about the programming of the chip.
If

*

*I use a brand new, untouched processor with factory default settings,

*my only access point to the built device are the four USB lines (Vcc,D-,D+,GND),

*I have access neither to the RESET pin nor to the HWB pin

then will it be possible to upload a program to the device with the help of the built in USB boot loader?

A: No - take a look at page 3 of this PDF. All entry to the DFU bootloader is done via reset (which you can't access) or a jump from user code (which you don't have on there because it's a blank IC).
However, how are you intending to configure the device in the first place? You'll want to set your fuses correctly, right, which means access to the ICSP pins, which means access to the reset pin...
But in short, without access to the reset pin this is a no-go.


text:
Q: Nested classifications I was wondering if anyone can point me to anywhere or in the right direction.
Which approach is the best for tackling a nested classification problem.
So we want to classify species of animal say etc.
We have split this into three layers - cellular level, organ level, organism level.
So we have different real world tests (or sources of input data from animal fares etc from around the world) - each of these provide data at a cellular level, and organ level and the organism level.
So a dog can be classified by its outward appearance, or features based on its internal anatomy, or indeed its DNA etc.
And knowing something about the DNA can tell you something about organs, and organs can tell you something about the overall structure.
So if I wanted a classification based on the cellular data, to be used to rule out or help classify the next level, and then that to feed into the top level - which approach is best served for this problem?
Is this a feed forward neural network type of problem, hierarchical classification? A deep learning aspect?
This problem can apply to cars, at the engineering level, then at the consumer level etc..... so based on its parts, you can tell which type of car it is etc. So knowing its parts, and some features of its outward structure you are more confident in your classification.

A: In my opinion, deep learning algorithms are one of the algorithms that you could use. You really don't have to nest the classification but instead use all of the data or choose the features that you think would be useful.
Convolutional neural networks could also be used. refer here. or here. Although this is mostly used in computer vision, and image classification but with you're problem you probably might want to apply this where your "layers" are to be determined by your model and you'll never know, it might find more relationship amongst your features than you think.

A: On Hierarchical Classification I think you should check this survey article


Chemistik Tile Grout Powder is ideal for filling the tile joints. Suited for interior and exterior applications, it is water-resistant hence can be used wherever Chemistik Tile Glue has been used – for all types of ceramic tiles, mosaics, concrete and natural stones.
Tiles should not be grouted until at least 24 hours after laying the tiles. Available in white, light blue, grey, tan, beige, ivory, light brown.
Mix 3 parts of grout with 1 part of water by weight and allow to stand for about 10-15 minutes before applying.
Work the grout well into the joints with a soft spatula or squeeze smooth with damp sponges and allow to dry.
Subsequent wetting is required to aid hydration. After the grout has set, the remaining mortar film on the tiles is wiped off with a clean, white cloth.
Approximately 30 g/linear metre for 3 mm wide and 5 mm deep joints.
Fresh material can be washed off with water. After setting it can only be removed mechanically.
Approximately 12 months when stored in a dry place.


Feel free to use this mod in your modpacks. Don't bother asking, all requests will be ignored.
HempFamer is an open source Minecraft Mod that adds hemp and marijuana to Minecraft.
OK, I made a joint... now the question is, how do I smoke it? I've tried left and right clicks, using a flint&steel in the off hand, putting the joint in the off hand, and clicking on fire with it. ETA: Also crafting it with the F&S, though JEI didn't indicate any recipes including it. And I tried using it when I was hungry, in case the game thought it was food.
Nice concepts, how much are you willing to add into this? It's looking good so far.
OK so this mod is even more fun than I thought it would be. The effects from smoking are a great touch. Polished functionality, and an alternate method for paper to boot!
This has earned a permanent part of my farming experience.
Finally got a leaf, made the superior wand. I know it's funny, but the usefulness in PvE and PvP is astounding. Awesome work.
Thanks! Have fun playing with it!!


Another hellebore for another day.
To carry on the botanical theme, this week I've been drawing Hellebores. I thought I could offer this as a giclee print when I finally get my etsy shop up-and-running.
There's still quite a lot of work to do before then, but I like to think I'm edging ever closer..
Here's another of my Auricula drawings for this week.
Here is last week's somewhat tardy post on the theme of Auriculas. These little jewel-like ornamental flowers, which seem to have almost a cult following amongst enthusiasts, are the subject of my next illustration range. It's traditional to display Auriculas in Auricula Theatres, against a dark background to offset their colours, which is what I've tried to do here.
Last week, as mentioned, I hot-footed it over to Somerset House to have a look round the Pick Me Up fair, which is the annual Graphic Arts Festival in the capital. Highlights included the customisable letterpress prints from Peso Press and the work of London-based potters the Clay Collective.


text:
"""Utility definitions for Acme experiments."""

from typing import Callable, Optional

from acme.utils import loggers

def make_experiment_logger(label: str,
                           steps_key: Optional[str] = None,
                           task_instance: int = 0) -> loggers.Logger:
  del task_instance
  if steps_key is None:
    steps_key = f'{label}_steps'
  return loggers.make_default_logger(label=label, steps_key=steps_key)

def create_experiment_logger_fn() -> Callable[[str, str], loggers.Logger]:
  return make_experiment_logger


text:
Q: Unable to ssh with new user in EC2 machine I've created an ec2 machine, and followed below steps
https://hackernoon.com/add-new-users-to-ec2-and-give-ssh-key-access-d2abd084f30c
I'm able to create the user but while doing ssh I'm getting error
aditya_k@3.6.10.102: Permission denied (publickey).
Can someone help me out


These simply gorgeous Olivia Linen Frill Cushions are large comfortable pillows in our favourite understated colours. In beautiful shades of Slate Grey, Silver Grey and White they provide a soft and gentle backdrop to our Bed linen collection. Equally lovely on your sofa or bed!
This is the White Cushion and we have co-ordinating bed linen here.