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Home > Enlightening Essays > Then and Now (pt-2)
Written By: Sadhu Chaitanyamurtidas
Having negotiated many turbulent years of history, mankind had settled into a peaceful way of high-tech living. Science and spirituality blended perfectly to make possible a way of life previously unimagined. A peep into this harmonious world is provided through the eyes of Tilak and Shanti...
TRelaxed in front of the holographic pictures projected before him, Shanti watched with excitement as Tilak's tele-link, HAL, relayed the previous week's lecture of Vignanswarup Swami...
"We humans are always excited at beginnings and ends. Such was the case a hundred years ago with the ushering of an event for which we had waited 1,000 years - the year 2001. The end of a fascinating millennium and the beginning of an even more promising one. It had been an epoch of radical revolution. Man's thirst for progress had caused the technological juggernaut to revolve ever faster. The age became a consumer's paradise promising instant gratification. It was an age of shrinking gadgets and exploding progress. It became a dream world where chemists could turn an ear of corn into a silk purse. Bioengineers could put a little bit of wolf into sheep and a little bit of sheep into a wolf. People talked about designer jeans as well as designer genes. Discoveries and inventions continued over- whelmingly.
"Science continuously supplied the lubricant needed for the perpetuation of the revolution. It had become a magic wand for human passions. It worked for saints as well as for sinners. It worked for the young and the old, the proud and the humble. It had no preferences, no morals, no feelings, no restraints. The physicist used it to decipher the beauty and grandeur of nature's grammar. The businessman paid generous bonuses to it as an ideal servant who got things done, made money and never complained. The researcher wrung it to extract every last bit of information about the world.
"Its fury became unleashed on everything around it. If nature attempted to conceal her secrets, Science exposed them publicly with magnifications of 5-millionfold. No animal, vegetable or mineral could keep itself hidden. If God's gifts were too bulky for utility, Science chopped them into tiny pieces suitable for scrutiny. If the bits were too small, Science joined them together into larger units. If the cow was too large, a smaller one was bred. If seeds were not desired in fruits, seedless varieties were developed. It peeped into every nook and crevice it could find.
"Then things changed."
Shanti turned to his info-link and commanded it to go into Multi-link mode, a feature he very much appreciated in Windows 2100. In a flash, living pictures depicting life in those days began appearing next to the hologram of the lecture. The tele-link instantly requested and fetched the historic images from the archives at the Global Library of Records and displayed them for Shanti's convenience.
The lecture continued: "It may have begun in January 1939, when a tiny fork of light was photographed at a lab in a country named Germany - yes, they had actually partitioned themselves into invisible borders known as countries. With the discovery that an atom could be split with the release of a tremendous amount of energy, an awesome force became a new toy at man's disposal. Within a short span of six years, an innocent observation was transformed into the most awesome weapon of death - the atomic bomb. A single such bomb smothered a hundred thousand lives! A mad scramble led to the development of thousands of such beasts of doom. For 4 billion years, the sun, the moon and the earth were the only driving forces in changing our planet's climate. Soon, man entered as a bright-eyed, new contender, with enough firepower at his disposal to annihilate the world many times over. In just one generation man and his machines introduced 25% more Co2 into the atmosphere. In return for the 'favour', the earth retaliated by increasing global temperatures by as much as 5 degrees, turning the earth into a sweltering greenhouse.
"It reminded one of the wisdom of Don Juan, a fictional character in Carlos Castenada's novels: 'In the art of life, man invents nothing, but in the art of death he outdoes Nature herself. The marvelous force of life of which people boast is but a force of death. Man measures his strength by his destructiveness.' The ancient Greeks often narrated the tragedy of the mythical hunter Acteon, who accidentally saw Artemis, the goddess of chastity, bathing on Mount Cithaeron. For that offense, he was changed into a ram, to be chased by his own fifty hounds until they killed him. Science became the Acteon of the 20th century, offending Nature's chastity, only to be hounded by its own creations.
"Life's pace began to increase exponentially. Express-ness became the engine of the age. Holiday Inn Express, Pizza Hut Express, American Express, Kodak Express, instant coffee, microwave dinners, Concords, fax machines in cars were but a few signs of the rush. Machines were meant to save time; instead people found themselves incessantly huffing due to the mad hustle. Tempers also became quick and a new disease was born due to the sustained rush: 'Attention Deficit Disorder'. Man forgot that slowing down can show when to speed up.
"Eventually, though, we learned to slow down. After a millennium of progress, Religion taught us to turn inwards. We had to! It was the only way for man to regain his identity as man, a species much more advanced than animals. After all, if cannibals begin to use knives and forks, can it really be called progress?"
Shanti glanced to the side as the words, "Without introspection, man loses his identity as man. (Pramukh Swami Maharaj - 1997 CE)" hovered next to the holographic images, a handy feature of the Reference preference of his info-link. Reading the name, he couldn't help regretting the fact that he had missed the rare Suvarna Tula 'video' which Tilak had talked about. He promised himself that he would take time to view it later. But for now, he focussed on the lecture before him...
"Actually the source of Science's significance had always been that it helped the plight of man. But in its outward search using the 'Science for the sake of Science' maxim, it reached a point of diminishing usefulness for humanity. Chesterton was once prompted to state, 'It is extremely difficult to believe that man who is obviously uprooting mountains and dividing seas, clearing forests and tearing down temples is really a quiet old gentleman who only asks to indulge in his harmless old hobby and follow his harmless old nose.' When an atom is split and a hundred thousand innocent lives are smothered and the world is thrown into anxiety for centuries thereafter, how can a layman believe that the splitting of the atom was a commendable accomplishment resulting from inadvertence?
"Eventually, though, man heeded to the wisdom of the sages. Proving the fact that certain principles are so universal that they apply for all time, Confucius's advice appeared reasonable: 'The ancients, who wished to preserve the clear and good character of the world, first set about to regulate their national life. In order to regulate their national life, they cultivated their family life. In order to cultivate their family life, they rectified their personal life. In order to rectify their personal life, they elevated their heart. In order to elevate their heart they made their will sincere. In order to make their will sincere, they enlightened their mind....'
"And so, men began to enlighten their mind, not only by reading books, but by introspection and by prayer. It had sounded strange initially - closing one's eyes, folding one's hand, visualising the image of God and praying - but it was rejuvenating. Man accepted the fact that he was not a physical entity having spiritual experiences; he was a spiritual being having physical experiences. He turned his face from 'para-vidya' [worldly knowledge] towards 'apara-vidya' [transcendental knowledge], which the ancient rushis had always talked of. Man's turning back reminds one of the story of Naradji and Sanatkumar mentioned in the Chandogya Upanishad."
Shanti whispered into his info-link and asked for the story to be displayed in brief. The previous images faded temporarily while the story came into view:
"With a genuine thirst for knowledge, Naradji approached Sanatkumar and asked, 'Enlighten me, O Great One.'
Sanatkumar replied, 'Before we proceed, first tell me what you have already studied.'
Naradji gave an impressive list, 'I have studied the Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sam Veda, the Atharva Veda, the Purans, grammar, mathematics, astronomy, the art of weaponry, the fine arts.... Yet, I lament as I do not yet know myself.'
Sanatkumar replied, 'What you have listed is only information.' So saying, he began to give Naradji true knowledge which was above mere information.
Having narrated the story briefly, the info-link continued with the lecture being displayed before.
"So, towards the end of the millennium, in an epoch of quantum physics, supercomputers, microrobots and possibilities of cloning, people slowly began to look deeper. Despite an apparent contradiction, Science slowly moved from a dogmatic denial of realities beyond its reach towards appreciation of their possibilities. Scientists soon became more comfortable with using the word 'God' in pondering questions of meaning and order. Scientific revelations about supernovas, black holes, quarks, and the big bang suggested to many scientists that there is a 'grand design' in the universe. In fact, a well-known Australian physicist, Paul Davies, claimed in 1992 CE, 'The presence of intelligent, self-aware beings in the universe can be no trivial detail, no minor byproduct of mindless, purposeless forces. We are truly meant to be here.'
"Science even supplied a new language and a new set of symbols for believers to more easily accept concepts such as God, the soul and eternity. Einstein's theory of relativity, which challenged the traditional Newtonian view of absolute time, suddenly added new meaning to scriptural references of lifetimes of billions of years, as in the case of Brahma, whose day lasts 8,640,000,000 human years. Speculation in Science about such things as parallel universes, time dilation, black holes and worm-holes provided substance to beliefs about heaven and eternity.
"Soon, views about life and death began to change. Life was viewed as a bridge, and death was not the end. The ancient Jewish told a parable about twin foetuses lying together in the womb. One believed that there is a world beyond the womb where 'people walk upright, where there are mountains and oceans, a sky filled with stars.' The other hardly believed those foolish ideas. Suddenly the believer is forced through the birth canal leaving behind the only way of life it had known. The remaining foetus is saddened, convinced that a great catastrophe has befallen his companion. Outside the womb, however, everyone rejoiced, for what the remaining brother, still left behind in the womb, had just witnessed was not death but birth. People became more and more convinced of life after life and about life before life.
"And so, here we are, at the beginning of 2101 CE.
"The shift of paradigm has brought sweeping changes in lifestyles and experiences. The foresight of Dr. Von Braun, the director of NASA towards the end of the 20th century has proved correct: 'For only with God re-instated in the hearts of the world will He provide us with ethical guidance through the dangers of technological revolution.'
"Of course, now, even after the Great Enlightenment, towers of commerce certainly are not torn down, nor are gadgets of convenience destroyed. Necessity, not indulgence, has become the criteria. Man has turned to building mandirs - there was now one in every single village, town and metropolis suburb on the planet. Classics brimming with wisdom are read. Prayer and worship are an integral part of daily life...."
"Pause," yelled Shanti into his info-link, causing the lively images surrounding his room to freeze still. Shanti also paused for a while and thought over what he had just heard. Since his childhood days in the Children's Forum, he had learned about the importance of pausing, recalling and processing. 'Shravan, manan and nididhyas' is what the Vachanamrut called it. He became lost in thought....
Other Articles by Sadhu Chaitanyamurtidas
Then and Now (pt-1) | Enlightening Essays Archive | Caution! Danger Ahead


The agency has announced the appointments in its creative, planning and account management teams.
Mumbai-based creative agency Famous Innovations has roped in senior-level talent across departments. Ajmal Mohammad has joined the agency as executive creative director from BBH. He will report to founder and CCO, Raj Kamble.
The agency has also appointed JWT's Tanvi Joshi as senior planner. She has worked on brands like Rin, Lux and Sunsilk. Madhavi Raghunath joins as associate account director and will report to Arjun Sen, who joined Famous as head of Business in May this year. In his 15 years in advertising, Ajmal has worked at Ogilvy, Grey, DDB and Leo Burnett. His work has earned top honors at Cannes and One Show.
Says Kamble, "We have recently added lots of talent in the creative department, particularly art, and Ajmal comes with the right temperament to lead this team. He has proven his mettle as a great creative time and over, but now as a part of the top management he will also play a key role in building the agency."
Arun Raman, head of Strategy at Famous Innovations, says, "For us, having a solid strategic platform for everything we do is critical and we hope that Tanvi will be able to provide this critical springboard for our clients and our creatives."
Sen is all admiration for Raghunath. "Always full of energy, she comes with kind of dynamism that is required in an agency on the rise. I believe that client servicing can really make or break an agency, so we have been very careful about our choices," he says.
It is to be noted that 16 months after the launch of StrawberryFrog in India, the agency went independent and renamed itself as 'Famous Innovations'. StrawberryFrog launched its India operations in November 2012, with Kamble at the helm of affairs. Famous Innovations' roster of clients includes Lakme, Piramal, Miller High Life, Mahindra, Vadilal Ice-Creams, Forbes India, Raymond, Movies Now and Romedy Now.


Volvo Trucks North America announced that employees represented by the United Auto Workers have ratified a new five-year agreement covering about 1,300 members of UAW Local #2069 at the New River Valley VA, plant. The contract took effect March 17, 2011, and will expire March 16, 2016.
"We are the only manufacturing group still building trucks for this market exclusively in the United States, and agreements like this one help us keep American manufacturing competitive," said Denny Slagle, president and chief executive officer of Volvo Trucks North America. "Working with the UAW, we've arrived at an agreement that increases Volvo Trucks' long-term competitiveness in the North American market, while continuing to offer our employees a great quality of life.


text:
27-й Чемпионат СССР по классической борьбе 1958 года проходил в Львове с 23 по 26 ноября. В соревнованиях участвовало 275 борца от 23 команд 15 союзных республик и городов Москвы и Ленинграда.

Медалисты

Литература
 Всё о спорте: Справочник Т. 1, 2-е издание / Сост. А. А. Добров. — М.: Физкультура и спорт, 1978;
 Спортивный ежегодник 1951—1959 / Сост. Г. М. Михайлова — М.: Физкультура и спорт, 1961;
 Классическая и вольная борьба. Справочник / Сост. Н. И. Мягченков — М.: Физкультура и спорт, 1984.

Ноябрь 1958 года
Спортивные соревнования во Львове
Спорт на Украине в 1958 году
Чемпионаты СССР в 1958 году

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Doug Whitney of A.D. Ross & Associates gave the Classification talk this week. Doug is a Senior Financial Representative who has been in the business since 1984. Doug has broker agreements with 60 insurance firms and selling agreements with 200 more companies.
Doug gave us an update on Obama Care and Covered California for Orange County. There will be an increase in rates for individuals that are not in a group plan. (large group 100 +, small group 1 to 100). One out of four counties in the US has only one insurance company to choose from. The weighted average is +14.4%. In California two million are still not insured.
142,020 individuals renewed their coverage or signed up for coverage during the third open-enrollment period.
88% are receiving financial assistance to pay their premiums.
Generally, the amount of financial assistance available to consumers in the region will remain the same in 2017.
All consumers in this region (Orange County) will have a choice of 6 insurance companies to choose from.
Consumers in this region may benefit from shopping around for lower-cost insurance company options that offer a lower premium in the same tier.
With the increases people will begin to down grade their coverage or just pay the tax on not having any coverage. Open enrollment is November 1, 2016 to December 15, 2016.


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Counselors provide ISTEP advice
First set of tests will be given Feb. 26-27
Ellie Browning
Students in a math class work to solve a homework problem. The Feb. 26 ISTEP will include two math sections.
Mary Stempky, Reporter
With Christmas break now nothing more than a distant memory, it is time to re-acclimate to the numbered days of each cycle. Students now have adjusted to new teachers and a different schedule. Some subjects may now meet at different times. Some students may still be waiting to take their major major test.
However, all sophomores and several juniors soon will face a standardized test: ISTEP.
The spring ISTEP will be given over five days this semester, with the first exams on Feb. 26 and Feb. 27 and the second exams on April 23, April 24 and April 25. On these five days, two-hour delays will be scheduled. Only the sophomores and juniors who are testing will arrive at 7:50 a.m. Freshmen, juniors who have passed both section of the ISTEP as well as seniors will not have to be on campus until 9:50.
In an email, counselor Mrs. Ann Katz said that all sophomores are required to take the test and juniors must take it if they did not pass it when you took it as sophomores or retook it in November and December.
Katz said that students should take the test seriously. She said that Indiana uses the test as part of the way it grades Cathedral and that a student must pass the test in order to graduate.
Both English teacher Mrs. Kathy Keyes and math teacher Mrs. Lisa Ford expressed a similar sentiment. Ford said, "(A student) can't get a diploma in the state of Indiana unless (he or she passes ISTEP)."
Since graduation depends on passing ISTEP, a student may have concerns about preparing for the assessment.
In an email, Keyes said that the best way to prepare is to simply keep up with the course work. However, Keyes said that a teacher may have specific suggestions as how one should prepare. "The idea of (ISTEP) is to determine if (a) student (understands) what the high school courses are teaching," Keyes said.
Ford shares this view. She also said that students should take advantage of all the extra help available to them. She also said that the computer tools seen on the exam are utilized during instruction. "(Math teachers) make a concerted effort in (their) Algebra I, Algebra II and geometry classes to use the type of technology tools that are used on the test so that (students) will be more familiar with the skills needed for the online testing," Ford said.
An important time to remember preparation involves the night before taking the exam.
Ford said that the test is not something for which students can — or should — cram the night before the ISTEP. Students should have taken advantage of all their resources throughout the entire year.
Katz and Keyes both agreed that test taker should rest well the night before the exam "(Students) should be sure to get a good night's sleep and eat a good breakfast," Katz said.
Though long-term preparation is important, once a student is inside the testing room, he may feel anxious.
Katz said that students should try to stay focused during the exam. "If you need a break look up, but come back to the test," she said.
Katz continued saying that students should keep working and that each day is a new one. "If (students) don't do well on one part, there are many other chances for (students) to be successful," Katz said.
Keyes would tell students to stay positive during the test. "If you have extra time, go back over your answers, but don't change an answer unless you are certain that it's wrong," she said.
After the test is finished and results are reported to the school, counselors and teachers use scores to help improve their instruction and their students' learning.
Katz said counselors look at the students' scores to see if a reexamination is needed for graduation. She also said that they also work with the math and English departments.
Keyes said that the test shows how students perform in a standardized test situations. "(ISTEP) points out which student may need extra help and tutoring," Keyes said.
Teachers also use the exam to determine help that students may need. According to Ford, the score reports teachers receive are broken down into the state standards. Ford said that the teachers can determine on which specific skills students struggled. If a teacher has a class in which a majority of students were challenged in a particular area, the teacher can focus on those skills during class.
Ford said, "If just one or two students struggled in a particular area, then that is when a student needs to see a teacher during flex or before or after school and just get a little extra practice on those section."
About six weeks after the second part of the ISTEP is given in April, parents also will receive information that allows them to access a score report for their son or daughter. That document provides parents with specific information about academic skills on which their student may need to improve.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
layout: slides
title: 'XMPP and WebRTC'
description: 'Brief intro to XMPP and webRTC at Mozilla Munich event'
theme: moon
---

XMPP on the web

 Lloyd Watkin

 Work for Surevine

 Member of the XSF + editorial team

  lloyd@evilprofessor.co.uk

 @lloydwatkin

 lloydwatkin

Creator/lead on:
pinitto.me, XMPP-FTW, node-xmpp, buddycloud server

What is XMPP?

eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
(aka Jabber)

Started around 1998

Became part of IETF in 2002

Started in 1998 in a time of AOL IM, ICQ, Yahoo messenger

Needed several accounts to talk to your friends

Set of open standards documented for all to use

Does anyone use it?

Google: talk/hangouts, GCM

Facebook: Chat interface

Whatsapp: Hacked version

Atlassian: HipChat

Its usage is often not advertised

            banking, secure messaging systems for military, governments, insurance, etc

What is it used for?

"X"

            Chat, social networks (buddycloud), M2M, pubsub, IOT, building management

Why are you talking
about a crusty old
protocol?

Realtime is the next big thing

We've been doing this for many years, lots of experience, learned from mistakes

">

Fundamentals

Stanzas

...are snippets of XML

There are three types:

            <message/>, <presence/>, & <iq/>

Message types, 'chat', 'groupchat', 'headline'

Presence - like your online status (online, busy, away, etc)

IQ (information query): GET/SET,  RESULT/ERROR - like basic HTTP verbs

The JID

[user@] example.org [/mobile-phone]

local: The user/device (i.e. client)

domain: Server you are addressing

resource: Multiple connections?

Always designed with multiple devices in mind

Each device has a priority - route to the most 'available'

Clients

Thin clients, leave the work to the server

Connect over TCP/BOSH (Long polling)/WebSockets

Data is pushed to clients, clients push data

Servers

Routes messages

Allow users to talk across servers

Handles authentication and security

Why XMPP with WebRTC?

        No signalling in webRTC

        "Meet me" URLs mean they control what you can/can't do

        The features you use are determined by them

        What happens if a contact won't use a certain system? (e.g. for privacy concerns?)

But I can write my own signaling?!

            Sure you can, its not hard

            You become another "meet me" system

            How will you interoperate with others?

XMPP has many other advantages

✓ 1-to-1 and multi-user chat

✓ presence (online status)

✓ roster (address book)

✓ publish subscribe

✓ federation (multi-server communications)

✓ security

✓ authentication

✓ large, helpful community

✓ well thought-out standards

XMPP on the web

<XMHELL/>

        XML leaves a nasty taste for most web developers

Big moves in the past 14 months to make XMPP more web-developer friendly

XMPP-FTW

Stanza.io

JsJAC

jslix

There's also Strophe.js and node-xmpp-client

Here's interoperable demo clients from all those projects:

legastero.github.io/jingle-interop-demos/

XMPP-FTW

Powerful XMPP, simple JSON

https://xmpp-ftw.jit.su/

Event-based system

Translates between XML and JSON

Written in nodejs

Demo system generated from the manual

Attempts to make building XMPP apps quick and easy
(I built it for one of my projects)

Quick demo

Summary

XMPP is a powerful, proven, open, secure, standards-based protocol

...great match for WebRTC applications

Lots of servers/clients/libraries

            (many open source)

Great helpful community, who are actively helping to push the web forward:

XMPP security days, WebRTC signalling over XMPP,
        New IoT extensions,
Extensions to help accessibility

 Questions

Slides available @ http://talks.evilprofessor.co.uk/mozilla-munich-xmpp-webrtc

Get an XMPP account quickly: demo.buddycloud.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Merging from the birth capital of House Music, Chicago's own Brian S has shared his energy by performing live in multiple shows consisting of packed venues and engaging audiences all across the United States. After his stint on the road, it took no time for Brian to take his ambition and creativity to the studio to fill the ongoing demand for his style of play. His current music can be traced to Barstol Music, the artists home label, including others such as Lazor Music and Prompt Digital. As we move through 2014, Brian is preparing to perform live along with launching a series of singles and more of his captivating, multi-tracking 'Mix Series' "25." With multiple cities in his artistic portfolio, he collaborated to produce underground hits "Shuffle Ft. I-Wonk," "Your Ultimate High," "Tie Me Lightly Ft. Kinch (Remix)," and "Move," the precursor to his latest collaboration w/ Kidd Wrek "House Bangin" which was premiered exclusively on Vibe Magazine on 02/28/14. There is no telling where Brian S will lead, but one thing is certain, it's a journey worth following.


text:
A backup dancer also known as background dancer is a performer who dances with or behind the lead performers in a live musical act or in a music video. Their movements (especially where there are many moving together) improve the visual aesthetics of the lead performer, and provide a symmetry and rhythm to accompany the music.

Backup dancers
Some performers began their music careers as backup dancers for other artists, including:

 Lee Know from Stray Kids (for BTS)
Kim Hyo-yeon from Girls' Generation (for BoA)
Yoon Ji-sung and Kang Daniel (for Shihyun and Cao Lu)
Kevin Federline (for Britney Spears, Michael Jackson, Justin Timberlake, Gwen Stefani, Pink, Christina Milian, and LFO)
 FKA twigs
 Cris Judd (for ex-wife Jennifer Lopez' 2001 video "Love Don't Cost a Thing")
 Jennifer Lopez (for the New Kids on the Block, MC Hammer and Janet Jackson's 1993 video "That's the Way Love Goes")
 Rain (for Park Jin-young and Park Ji-yoon)
 Tupac Shakur (for the Digital Underground)
 Michael K. Williams
 Zendaya

Gallery

See also
 Corps de ballet
 Backing vocalist
 Extra (actor)
 Taxi dancer – a paid dancer in a partner-dance

References

Further reading

Dance occupations
Dancer, backup
Filmmaking occupations


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.

namespace Microsoft.DocAsCode.AzureMarkdownRewriters
{
    using Microsoft.DocAsCode.MarkdownLite;

    public class AzureVideoBlockToken : IMarkdownToken
    {
        public AzureVideoBlockToken(IMarkdownRule rule, IMarkdownContext context, string videoId, SourceInfo sourceInfo)
        {
            Rule = rule;
            Context = context;
            VideoId = videoId;
            SourceInfo = sourceInfo;
        }

        public IMarkdownRule Rule { get; }

        public IMarkdownContext Context { get; }

        public SourceInfo SourceInfo { get; }

        public string VideoId { get; }
    }
}


text:
Implied warranties are warranties that, according to the courts, are implied in merchant sales. A merchant is a person who sells the good or service sold in the contract. All sales contracts entered into by dealers contain an implied warranty of merchantability. It is a promise that the goods, as described in the contract, are safe in the trader`s trade, are fit for the usual use for which they are normally used, properly contained, packaged and labelled, and conform to any factual promises or claims made on the container or label. If the goods are fungible or easily replaceable or replaceable, such as grain or oil, the equivalent goods must be of reasonable and average quality, fit for their usual use and similar to previous goods delivered in the same or in previous similar contracts. Sellers may offer "special" or limited warranty acts that include some, but not all, general warranties. For example, the seller cannot guarantee that the title is free and free from defects, but only that the title will be valid from the moment the seller acquires the property. In such a case, the seller would only be liable if it had caused a problem with the title and the buyer would have no recourse against the seller if it later discovered a problem with the title that existed before the seller acquired the property. Breach of the guarantee to do or refrain from performing an act is usually brought as an action for breach of obligations of damages, withdrawal or specific performance.
In 2006, Foncière St-Jacques Inc. (the buyer) acquired a building from George Weisz and Robert Wasserman (together the sellers). The building was sold for $3,125,000 and without warranty, "except for the guarantee of ownership." After the sale, the buyer claimed that the work done in 2001 and 2006 by a tenant (the tenant) on the building prior to the sale did not comply with the Cultural Heritage Act (the "Act"). The buyer filed a claim for $800,000 in damages against the sellers and the tenant to perform the work necessary to bring the property into compliance with the law. A deed without warranty is an act that transfers ownership, but without warranty against problems with title. A buyer who later discovers the existence of easements or problems with title cannot sue the seller. Unsecured documents do not offer protection to buyers, but can be useful in certain circumstances. According to contract theory, warranties are based on the seller`s obligations to consumers, which are implicitly or explicitly contained in the sales contract. Safeguards have been developed in part to correct the power imbalance between buyers and sellers in commercial transactions and to ensure stability, regularity and reliability in contractual relations. However, the inherent imperfection of sales contracts and their guarantees, the still unequal bargaining and valuation power between buyers and sellers (especially in the absence of a contractual relationship) and the possibility for sellers to waive such guarantees have raised serious doubts as to the adequacy of the contractual theory, in particular as regards product safety. These consumer protection concerns have contributed to the adoption of strict tort law, which holds manufacturers liable for almost all infringements due to defects in their products, even if they exercise due diligence in all aspects of the production and distribution process.
This likely motivates the manufacturer to ensure product safety and consumer protection in a way that warranty law cannot. For example, suppose a farmer who intends to grow soybeans without tillage turns to a vendor to buy a herbicide. Suppose the buyer further requests a particular herbicide mixture, but the seller suggests a less expensive mixture. If the chemicals don`t kill crab grass and the farmer has a low yield of soybeans, the farmer could sue the seller for violating the fitness for a particular purpose because the seller knew what the farmer needed. If any of these statements are not true, your warranty is "limited". A special note applies to implied warranties on used goods. An implied warranty of merchantability of a used product is a promise that it can be used as intended due to its nature and price range. As with new goods, implied warranties apply to used goods only if the seller is a merchant dealing in the goods, not if a sale is made by an individual.
Express guarantees arise because they form part of the contract on the basis of which the sale was made. The fact that express warranties are given does not exclude implied warranties. Where there are both express and implied warranties, they should be interpreted so as to be consistent and cumulative, where such interpretation is appropriate. If express and implied warranties cannot be construed as consistent and cumulative, an express warranty will prevail over an implied warranty with respect to the merchant item, except in the case of an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. For other real estate transactions, the seller can guarantee that the title is clear. In this situation, the seller gives the buyer a general warranty statement. This type of deed ensures that the title is clear and that the seller is responsible for defects in ownership that existed at the time of the sale. An express warranty is a binding statement or document provided by the seller in relation to the goods or services that forms part of the basis of the transaction. This means that the buyer purchased the goods or services on the reasonable assumption that they meet the seller`s specifications. Thus, a declaration by the seller regarding the quality, capacity or other characteristics of the goods constitutes an express guarantee. For example: "This shirt doesn`t need to be ironed." Or "One hundred percent made in the United States." The implied warranty of merchantability is a merchant`s fundamental promise that the goods sold will do what they are supposed to do and that there is nothing substantial wrong with that. In other words, it is an implicit promise that the goods are fit for sale.
The law states that merchants automatically make this promise every time they sell a product they want to sell. For example, if you`re selling an oven as an appliance retailer, promise that the oven will be in good condition for sale because it does what ovens are supposed to do – cook food at controlled temperatures selected by the buyer. If the stove does not heat up or heats up without proper temperature control, the furnace is not suitable for sale as a furnace and your implied warranty of merchantability would be violated. In such a case, the law requires that you remedy the situation so that the buyer receives a working stove. Other types of security associated with real estate titles include special security deeds and other representation insurance. A special warranty deed only guarantees that neither party has made a claim on the property during the seller`s ownership. In the context of a special warranty certificate, the seller is not liable for defects in title attributable to his predecessors. A seller may add to a deed a covenant with additional assurances promising that the seller will take all necessary steps to satisfy property claims.
A guarantee must be distinguished from expressing an opinion or simply predicting future events (UCC § 2-313(2)) How long does coverage last? This warranty is valid as long as you have your Magnifisound help. Coverage ends when you sell or transfer aid. The National Small Business Ombudsman and 10 regional fairness councils gather input from small businesses on federal compliance and enforcement activities. Each year, the Ombudsman evaluates the implementation of these activities and assesses each organization`s responsiveness to small businesses. Small businesses can apply to the Ombudsman without fear of reprisal. To comment, call toll-free 1-888-REGFAIR (1-888-734-3247) or go to www.sba.gov/ombudsman. Second, Congress wanted to ensure that consumers could compare warranty coverage before purchasing. The comparison allows consumers to choose a product with the best combination of price, features and warranty coverage to meet their individual needs. Not all misrepresentations made by an insured give the insurer the right to cancel a policy or deny a claim. Only false information about the conditions and guarantees of the contract confers such rights on an insurer. To be considered a condition or guarantee, the statement must be explicitly included in the contract, and the provision must clearly show that the parties intended the rights of the insured and the insurer to depend on the veracity of the statement.


We all know the phrase, nature abhors a vacuum, but where did it come from and how do we interpret it?
Well, it first seems to have been used in connection with physics in Ancient Greece, where it was used to describe the theory that empty or unfilled spaces are unnatural, in going against the very physical laws of nature. It was called horror vacui, and was first proposed by Aristotle, who observed that every space was compelled to be filled with something.
Then in the sixteenth century, the formidably multi-talented Francois Rabelais, restated the phrase as an old Latin proverb Natura abhorret vacuum. And he should have known as a writer, humanist, physician, monk and Greek Scholar, and much revered master of literature. How could we dare disagree?
But note that we have just moved from science to humanist philosophical literature, and we can later find another interpretation of the concept going back to it original expression – horror vacui – and it's subsequent translation as fear of empty space or voids (also known as kenophobia) in relation to visual art. So here we have the Italian art critic and scholar, Mario Praz, using the phrase to describe what he saw as the choking atmosphere and clutter of Victorian interior design in the nineteenth century, and the phrase has also been applied to Islamic art and illuminated manuscripts essentially criticising the compulsion to fill the space on the page, canvas, or panel with meticulous detail. Those who design this way are using the style of horror vacui – and I must confess I could be accused of painting like this myself and indeed handwriting notes in a similar fashion from left to right margin and top to bottom, and you should see my mind maps! – perhaps proving the point that many people do indeed have a compulsion to fill that empty space.
Now, if we go on to look at the expression from a contemporary perspective, and take the rather nicely vivid word, 'abhor', to be dripping with hate and disgust, then we can assume the vacuum this disgust relates to is a highly undesirably place or space, that our human nature as well as nature itself is keen to rush into and fill, like a bit of waste ground attracting masses of seedlings, to make something of it with a sense of urgency to ease the rather anxious discomfort of nothingness. Leon Seltzer, in his article in Psychology Today, addresses this from the human nature angle, arguing that there is a danger of rushing in to fill the empty space within us with hasty judgments, hasty decisions, or pursue too much stimulation when the vacuum results in us feeling 'bored, antsy, anxious, irritable, lonely, or even depressed'.
And from a creative person's perspective the vacuum may be externalised as that glaring white canvas as yet untouched by your hand, or that winking cursor blinking on an empty white document. There is a very natural feeling of creative tension and anxiety, we want to externalise what is within us, to get it right for ourselves – at this point we are in the position of our nature abhorring a vacuum. But what happens once we start? Well, after making some marks, typing some words, we have stepped into the space and have something to develop, however tiny that first mark is, we have something to work with and we begin to relax and maybe then get fired up to carry on. We're initially anxious because what we want to express is coming from within ourselves, only from there, and we want to get it right for ourselves and for others, viewers or readers. So for creative people filling that empty space is a little more acute in tension.
In relation to feeling the vacuum sometimes within us too, it strikes me that we would be better off not fearing being in a vacuum, that we should understand it for what it is – an absence of thinking, doing, or feeling. It's a bit like meditation, trying to go beyond the surface of ourselves, the surface of the waves making a lot of fuss, to go down to where the stillness is, where our true essential self resides. Many people hate feeling an emptiness within themselves. As Leon Seltzer says what 'people strive so assiduously to avoid is really a "vacuum of self." When we're not enough for ourselves (i.e., can't somehow fill our own vacuum), we can't help but focus our attention on what we can import into ourselves to feel more whole and complete' and of course people can go to all sorts of lengths to do this, making poor decisions along the way, or enduring situations they would be better off changing.
So turning the quote around to make the state of feeling in a vacuum a good thing, we could see a vacuum as a place of peace, like in meditation. Or it could be an exciting place where we can express our creativity and fill it up for a while (hence all the outpouring of visual details and filling of notebooks perhaps). We can make a friend of it, not an enemy. We can expect creative tension to be there, knowing it is perfectly natural, that it may even be conducive to spur us on.
where there is so much to do, it's overwhelming, a place you can't possibly be comfortable in until you get the space (yourself) sorted…but how long will this take?
A wide open landscape you can wander in, where you and the space can be in a kind of open harmony, where you can learn to love your inner empty space mirrored by the outer as a friend, rather than a bleak featureless place where nothing is happening to stimulate you, engage you, or demand responses from you. Perhaps people love or loathe empty landscapes for these kinds of reasons. I love them regardless.
A final positive take on our inner personal space -In his writings within A Personal Tao, Taoist teacher, Casey Kochmer, uses the metaphor of the space contained within a bowl (where the bowl physically defines the space inside it – what would a bowl be without the space it contains?) to describe our very nature, our identity. Our inner space is conditioned in the early years by parents, school, society, our own tendencies and experiences etc, but is actually re-shapable and re-definable. We can, if we need or want to, reshape who we are and what we live by for what works for us now, tossing out of the bowl what no longer works. And if you don't mind me being too philosophical (I promise I won't make a habit of it!) Kochmer points out the very meaning of life is the ability to craft one's personal space. So happy crafting!
This entry was posted in Nature, On Art, On The Creative Life, Philosophy, Pyschology, Taoism and tagged Aristotle, art, Creative Tension, empty, horror vacui, human nature, Nature, physics, space, vacuum, Writing. Bookmark the permalink.
" Ability to craft one's personal space " thank you for sharing your gifts. Personal space is so important, especially when we are ( if we buy in) bombarded with the " what we should be" . Our media focuses on the celebrities and what they have and what they look like. I pray for our young people to have good role models, and to be encouraged to celebrate who they are.
Thanks Karen, I should think being a minimalist is a good advantage here, certainly would give you more clarity.I hate crowded places too, I need room to breathe – maybe that's where the space comes in. Thanks for commenting, much appreciated. I'll look forward to checking in on your posts.
I love thoughtful posts! Often I wonder if life really has a meaning. I don't think it's important to care about the media, gossip, or meaningless things. In the end, it's about us, and what we want as individuals. I loved this about personal space and how it shapes us.


text:
Ein Impfausweis oder auch Impfpass ist ein Gesundheitszeugnis zum Nachweis von Impfungen, die eine Person oder ein Tier gegen bestimmte Krankheiten mit einem bestimmten Impfstoff erhalten hat.

Für dieses Dokument ist die Papierform der Standard. Im Zuge der Coronavirus-Pandemie wurde in den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union mit der Verordnung (EU) 2021/953 zum 1. Juli 2021 zusätzlich die unentgeltliche Ausstellung, Überprüfung und grenzüberschreitende Anerkennung digitaler COVID-Zertifikate eingeführt.

Internationale Impfbescheinigung

Die internationale Impf- oder Prophylaxebescheinigung () ist ein Gesundheitsdokument nach Art. 36 der Internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften. Einem Reisenden, der sich im Besitz einer solchen Impfbescheinigung befindet, darf die Einreise aufgrund der Krankheit, auf die sich die Bescheinigung bezieht, nicht verweigert werden. Anlage 6 zu den IGV enthält eine Musterbescheinigung, von der nicht abgewichen werden darf. Die Bescheinigung ist nur gültig, wenn der verwendete Impfstoff oder die verwendete Prophylaxe von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) zugelassen worden ist. Andere Gesundheitsdokumente dürfen im internationalen Verkehr grundsätzlich nicht verlangt werden (Art. 35 IGV), außer bei Anzeichen einer Gefahr für die öffentliche Gesundheit. In diesem Fall kann die zuständige Behörde Reisende ersuchen, Formulare mit Kontaktinformationen und Fragebögen über die Gesundheit der Reisenden auszufüllen (Art. 35 Satz 3, Art. 23 IGV).

Gelbfieber ist die in den IGV, Anlage 7 eigens bezeichnete Krankheit, für die nach den IGV von Reisenden als Voraussetzung für deren Einreise in einen Vertragsstaat ein Impf- oder Prophylaxenachweis gefordert werden kann. Für die Gelbfieberimpfung gelten Einreisevorschriften entsprechend der jährlich aktualisierten Länderliste der WHO.

Das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit wird in Art. 4 Abs. 1 Satz 2 Nr. 5 des mit Wirkung zum 28. Juli 2007 in Kraft getretenen deutschen Gesetzes zu den Internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften ermächtigt, zur Durchführung der IGV erforderliche Rechtsverordnungen über die Verpflichtung von Reisenden zu erlassen, Gesundheitsdokumente vorzulegen (Artikel 35, 36 IGV). Durch eine solche Rechtsverordnung darf das Grundrecht der Freizügigkeit ( Abs. 2 GG) eingeschränkt werden.

Deutschland

Impfdokumentation
Impfungen zum Schutz vor einer übertragbaren Krankheit ( Nr. 9 IfSG) müssen von der zur Durchführung berechtigten Person, in der Regel einem Arzt, unverzüglich dokumentiert werden ( Abs. 1 IfSG).

Inhalt
Die Impfdokumentation muss gem.  Abs. 2 IfSG folgende Angaben enthalten:

 Datum der Schutzimpfung,
 Bezeichnung und Chargenbezeichnung des Impfstoffes,
 Name der Krankheit, gegen die geimpft wurde,
 Name der geimpften Person, deren Geburtsdatum und Name und Anschrift der für die Durchführung der Schutzimpfung verantwortlichen Person sowie
 Bestätigung in Schriftform oder in elektronischer Form mit einer qualifizierten elektronischen Signatur oder einem qualifizierten elektronischen Siegel durch die für die Durchführung der Schutzimpfung verantwortliche Person.

In der Impfdokumentation ist gem.  Abs. 3 IfSG hinzuweisen auf
 das zweckmäßige Verhalten bei ungewöhnlichen Impfreaktionen,
 die sich ergebenden Ansprüche bei Eintritt eines Impfschadens sowie
 Stellen, bei denen die sich aus einem Impfschaden ergebenden Ansprüche geltend gemacht werden können.

In der Impfdokumentation ist außerdem über notwendige Folge- und Auffrischimpfungen mit Terminvorschlägen zu informieren (Impfkalender), so dass die geimpfte Person diese rechtzeitig wahrnehmen kann ( Abs. 4 IfSG).

Äußere Form
§ 16 des Bundes-Seuchengesetzes vom 18. Juli 1961 (BSeuchG) sah vor, dass jeder Impfling bei seiner ersten Impfung ein Impfbuch erhält, das von der zuständigen Behörde unentgeltlich abzugeben war. In das Impfbuch waren alle Impfungen einschließlich der Pockenschutzimpfung von dem impfenden Arzt einzutragen. Die Bekanntmachung der Neufassung des BSeuchG vom 18. Dezember 1979 sah in § 16 Abs. 2 dann ein einheitliches Muster für das Impfbuch vor. Das Bundesgesundheitsministerium sollte in einer Verwaltungsvorschrift dieses einheitliche Muster festlegen, wozu es jedoch nicht kam. Stattdessen wurde als Impfausweis ein deutschsprachiges Muster benutzt, das sich an die im internationalen Reiseverkehr vorgeschriebene Internationale Impfbescheinigung der WHO anlehnte. Damit sah der Gesetzgeber seine Forderung nach einem bundeseinheitlichen Impfbuch weitgehend verwirklicht.

Die äußere Form ist im Infektionsschutzgesetz, das zum 1. Januar 2001 an die Stelle des BSeuchG getreten ist, nicht mehr vorgeschrieben. Die Gestaltung des Impfpasses beruht in Deutschland auf der Abstimmung mit den zuständigen Referenten der Bundesländer, mit Mitgliedern der Ständigen Impfkommission sowie Vertretern der Berufsverbände und des Robert Koch-Instituts Ende der 1990er Jahre. Da es keine bundesrechtlichen Vorgaben für den Impfpassvordruck gibt, genügen auch in der DDR ausgestellte Impfpässe jedenfalls innerhalb Deutschlands den Anforderungen an eine infektionsschutzrechtliche Impfdokumentation. International bekannt ist aber nur der gelbe Impfausweis.

Kosten
Soweit Versicherte der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung einen Anspruch auf Schutzimpfungen gem.  Abs. 1 bis 3 SGB V haben, schließt dieser Anspruch die Bereitstellung einer Impfdokumentation nach § 22 IfSG ein ( Abs. 4 Satz 1 SGB V).

Bedeutung
Ein vollständig geführter Impfausweis dient der Schaffung und Aufrechterhaltung eines umfassenden Impfschutzes. Notwendige Impfungen können zeitgerecht durchgeführt oder nachgeholt, überflüssige Impfungen vermieden werden. Außerdem ist der Impfnachweis von großer Bedeutung bei der Bewertung von Entschädigungsansprüchen wegen eines Impfschadens.

Schon vor Inkrafttreten des Infektionsschutzgesetzes am 1. Januar 2001 hatten einige Bundesländer durch Gesetz oder Verwaltungsvorschrift festgelegt, dass bei Aufnahme in Kindergemeinschaftseinrichtungen ein Dokument vorgelegt werden muss, ob und welche Schutzimpfungen das Kind erhalten hat. Seit Einführung der Impfpflicht gegen Masern im Rahmen des  Abs. 8–13 IfSG müssen Personen, die nach dem 31. Dezember 1970 geboren sind und die in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen wie Kindertageseinrichtungen, Schulen und sonstigen Ausbildungseinrichtungen betreut oder tätig werden sollen, der Leitung der jeweiligen Einrichtung vor Beginn ihrer Betreuung oder ihrer Tätigkeit entsprechende Impfnachweise vorlegen, beispielsweise bei der Schuleingangsuntersuchung oder bei der Anmeldung zur weiterführenden Schule.

Impfärzte haben außerdem die Hinweise zur Dokumentation durchgeführter Schutzimpfungen in Anlage 2 der Schutzimpfungs-Richtlinie zu beachten.

Impfnachweis bei COVID-19

Seit dem 19. März 2022 ist in  Abs. 1 IfSG legaldefiniert, unter welchen Voraussetzungen ein vollständiger Impfschutz gegen das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 vorliegt.

Erforderlich ist grundsätzlich, dass kumulativ
 die zugrundeliegenden Einzelimpfungen mit einem oder verschiedenen Impfstoffen erfolgt sind, die
 von der Europäischen Union zugelassen sind oder
 im Ausland zugelassen sind und die von ihrer Formulierung her identisch mit einem in der Europäischen Union zugelassenen Impfstoff sind,
 insgesamt drei Einzelimpfungen erfolgt sind und
 die letzte Einzelimpfung mindestens drei Monate nach der zweiten Einzelimpfung erfolgt ist.

Auch bei nur zwei Einzelimpfungen liegt ab dem 1. Oktober 2022 ein vollständiger Impfschutz vor, wenn
 die betroffene Person einen bei ihr durchgeführten spezifischen positiven Antikörpertest nachweisen kann und dieser zu einer Zeit erfolgt ist, zu der die betroffene Person noch keine Einzelimpfung gegen das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 erhalten hatte,
 die betroffene Person mit dem Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infiziert gewesen ist, sie diese Infektion mit einem Testnachweis über einen direkten Erregernachweis nachweisen kann und die dem Testnachweis zugrundeliegende Testung
 auf einer Labordiagnostik mittels Nukleinsäurenachweis (PCR oder weitere Methoden der Nukleinsäureamplifikationstechnik) beruht sowie
 zu einer Zeit erfolgt ist, zu der die betroffene Person noch nicht die zweite Impfdosis gegen das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 erhalten hat, oder
 die betroffene Person sich nach Erhalt der zweiten Impfdosis mit dem Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infiziert hat, sie diese Infektion mit einem Testnachweis über einen direkten Erregernachweis nachweisen kann und die dem Testnachweis zugrundeliegende Testung
 auf einer Labordiagnostik mittels Nukleinsäurenachweis (PCR oder weitere Methoden der Nukleinsäureamplifikationstechnik) beruht sowie
 seit dem Tag der Durchführung der dem Testnachweis zugrundeliegenden Testung 28 Tage vergangen sind.

Bis zum 30. September 2022 genügt unter diesen Voraussetzungen eine Einzelimpfung ( Abs. 1 Satz 4 IfSG).

Digitale COVID-Zertifikate

Zusätzlich zu der Impfdokumentation ist auf Wunsch der geimpften Person gem.  Abs. 5 IfSG die Durchführung einer Schutzimpfung in Deutschland gegen das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in einem digitalen Zertifikat (COVID-19-Impfzertifikat) in Form eines QR-Codes durch das Robert Koch-Institut zu bescheinigen. Geimpfte können ihr ausgedrucktes digitales Impfzertifikat mit dem QR-Code direkt in der Papierform verwenden. Üblich ist es aber zumeist, das Zertifikat über den QR-Code auf ein mobiles Endgerät (Smartphone) in die CovPass-App oder die Corona-Warn-App zu übertragen und diese Apps zum Vorzeigen zu verwenden. Weiterhin kann der QR-Code statt auf Papier auch auf eine handlichere Plastikkarte gedruckt werden (i. d. R. kostenpflichtig).

Rechtliche Konsequenzen von Fälschungen

Strafrecht
Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der mit einer Impfung verbundenen Ausnahmen von Corona-Regeln häuften sich im Frühjahr 2021 Berichte über den Handel mit gefälschten Impfpässen. Die Polizei warnte davor, Fotos von Impfpässen in den sozialen Medien zu posten, weil Fälscher die dort sichtbaren Chargennummern, Stempel und Unterschriften verwenden könnten.

Seit dem 1. Juni 2021 werden bis zu zwei Jahre Freiheitsstrafe für das Ausstellen unrichtiger Impf- und Testbescheinigungen durch eine zur Durchführung der Schutzimpfung berechtigte Person sowie bis zu einem Jahr Freiheitsstrafe für den Gebrauch solcher zur Täuschung im Rechtsverkehr angedroht ( Abs. 2 und  IfSG).

Die Täuschung von Behörden oder Versicherungsgesellschaften durch gefälschte Gesundheitszeugnisse steht gem. ,  und  StGB unter Strafe. Einen gefälschten Impfausweis in einer Apotheke vorzulegen, um an ein digitales COVID-Zertifikat der EU zu gelangen, ist nach Ansicht des LG Osnabrück, des OLG Bamberg und des Bayerischen Obersten Landesgerichts dagegen nicht strafbar. Dieser Ansicht sind das OLG Celle, das OLG Stuttgart und das OLG Hamburg entgegengetreten und haben eine Strafbarkeit wegen Urkundenfälschung  gem.  StGB bejaht.

Als Reaktion auf die Rechtsprechung des LG Osnabrück und die daran geübte Kritik stehen seit einer Änderung des Strafgesetzbuchs zum 24. November 2021 die Vorbereitung der Fälschung von amtlichen Ausweisen sowie die Vorbereitung der Herstellung von unrichtigen Impfausweisen, das unbefugte oder unrichtige Ausstellen sowie der Gebrauch unrichtiger Gesundheitszeugnisse in ,  bis  StGB unter Strafe. Die Tatbestände beschränken sich nicht mehr auf die Täuschung von Behörden und Versicherungsgesellschaften. Zudem wurde bei den §§ 277 bis 279 StGB der Strafrahmen angehoben und besonders schwere Fälle eingefügt. Bei den §§ 278, 279 StGB wurde eine Versuchsstrafbarkeit eingeführt.

Im Hinblick auf die divergierende Rechtsprechung der Oberlandesgerichte hat das OLG Karlsruhe mit Beschluss vom 26. Juli 2022 dem Bundesgerichtshof gem.  Abs. 2 GVG die Frage zur Entscheidung vorgelegt, ob das Vorzeigen eines gefälschten Impfpasses in einer Apotheke bereits vor einer Änderung des Strafgesetzbuchs zum 24. November 2021 strafbar gewesen ist.

Arbeitsrecht
Die Vorlage eines gefälschten Impfnachweises am Arbeitsplatz kann den Arbeitgeber zur außerordentlichen Kündigung des Arbeitnehmers aus wichtigem Grund gem.  BGB berechtigen.

Österreich
Der Impfpass aus Papier oder dünnem Karton ist und ein- oder zweimal (wickel)gefalzt, also 4- bis 6-seitig und dann DIN A6 groß. Mitunter werden etwa von Krankenhäusern etwa visitkartengroße Impfkarten anlässlich der Tetanusimpfung im Zuge der Behandlung von offenen Unfallverletzungen ausgegeben, die in den Impfpass eingeheftet werden sollen.

Der Impfpass für das Kind im Rahmen der Mutter-Kind-Pass-Untersuchungen wird vom Kinderarzt ausgestellt. Erwachsene können einen Impfpass beim Hausarzt, in der Apotheke oder vom Gesundheitsministerium beziehen.

Weiters gibt es einen internationalen Impfpass für den Reiseverkehr ins Ausland.

Die ELGA GmbH wurde im Juni 2018 mit der Umsetzung der Pilotierung des elektronischen Impfpasses (e-Impfpass) betraut. Die Pilotphase lief im Jahr 2020 in drei Bundesländern (W, NÖ, Stmk.) mit den öffentlichen Impfstellen und 30 Ärzten. 2021 soll der e-Impfpass schrittweise in ganz Österreich eingeführt werden. Die Impfdaten werden im zentralen Impfregister gespeichert, ein Papier-Impfpass ist dann nicht mehr notwendig, Auswertungen und personalisierte Impfempfehlungen sind möglich. Im September 2020 beschloss der Nationalrat (mit den Stimmen von ÖVP, Grünen, SPÖ und NEOS, dagegen stimmte die FPÖ) mit einer Änderung des Gesundheitstelematikgesetzes die Einführung eines elektronischen Impfpasses (e-Impfpass) basierend auf einem staatlichen Impfregister.

Die in einem von der ELGA GmbH zu errichtenden zentralen Impfregister gespeicherten Daten einer Person sind zehn Jahre nach ihrem Sterbedatum, spätestens 120 Jahre nach ihrer Geburt zu löschen. Als erstes Vollbetriebsjahr war (Stand September 2020) 2023 vorgesehen.

Im Herbst 2020 wurde der e-Impfpass in einer Pilotprojektphase bei wenigen Ärzten und Einrichtungen getestet. Am 6. Jänner 2021 – im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie waren seit 27. Dezember 2020 bereits 6770 COVID-19-Impfungen erfolgt – erklären die Sozialversicherungsträger, dass der e-Impfpass "voll einsatzbereit" sei. Laut Ärztekammer fanden noch letzte Praxistests statt, hat das Projekt e-Impfpass höchste Priorität und sollten alle niedergelassenen Ärzte bis Ende März 2021 an das System angeschlossen sein. Wahlärzte, die nicht an der e-Card teilnehmen, erhalten dabei ein Tablet. Ab April 2021 sollte der e-Impfpass auf Abfrage die Impfquote tagesaktuell liefern können. Die Eintragung von älteren Impfungen ist nicht vorgesehen, kann aber z. B. von Hausärzten auf Wunsch durchgeführt werden. Die individuelle Abmeldung vom e-Impfpass ist nicht möglich, somit haben alle Ärzte und Gesundheitseinrichtungen darauf Zugriff.

Seit 2. Juli ist der sogenannte Grüne Pass als Mobile App für iOS und Android verfügbar. Hier können Impf-Zertifikate zum vereinfachten Vorzeigen hinterlegt werden.

Schweiz

Ausweis in Papierform
Der zweiseitige Impfausweis in Papierform wird vom Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG) herausgegeben, besteht aus dünnem Karton und hat zwei Mal gefaltet das Format A6.
Er enthält:
 Name, Vorname, Geburtsdatum, Geschlecht, Adresse, Vermerk des nächsten Impftermins
 Basisimpfungen nach dem Impfplan, der bei Drucklegung des Impfausweises aktuell war (gegen Diphtherie, Starrkrampf, Keuchhusten, Kinderlähmung, Haemophilus influenzae, Hepatitis B, Pneumokokken, Masern, Mumps, Röteln, Humanes Papillomvirus)
 erhaltene andere Impfungen (Hepatitis A, Meningokokken, FSME, Windpocken, Tuberkulose, Gürtelrose, …)
 Angaben zu anaphylaktischen Reaktionen, Kontraindikationen und Nebenwirkungen; Varizellendiagnose und Maserndiagnose

Der alte Impfausweis (ebenfalls Formular 311.230) hatte dasselbe Format. Auf den sechs Seiten enthielt er:
 Angabe des Kantons, Name, Vorname, Geburtsdatum, Adresse, Blutgruppe, Rhesusfaktor
 Impfungen gegen Pocken, Impfungen gegen Kinderlähmung
 "Andere, einfache oder kombinierte Impfungen (Diphtherie, Keuchhusten, Starrkrampf, Typhus usw.)"
 Tuberkulinproben, BCG-Impfung
 Bluttransfusionen und Blutinjektionen, besondere Befunde (Hepatitis, Allergien usw.)
 Serum-Injektionen (mit Angabe der Herkunft: Pferd, Rind usw.)

Reisende erhalten in der Schweiz die zweisprachige, englisch-französische Fassung des international anerkannten Impfausweises.

Elektronisches Impfdossier
Die Stiftung "meineimpfungen" sollte das elektronische Impfdossier auf der Schweizer Internetplattform www.meineimpfungen.ch einem breiten Publikum zugänglich machen. Die Förderung der Verwendung elektronischer Impfausweise ist einer der Handlungsbereiche der vom Bundesrat verabschiedeten Nationalen Strategie zu Impfungen (NSI) und soll mittelfristig als Teil des elektronischen Patientendossiers (EPD) angeboten werden.

Der Dienst erinnerte an Impftermine und schlug je nach angegebenen beruflichen und anderen Risikosituationen sowie geplanten Reisezielen weitere Impfungen vor. Der Benutzer konnte auswählen, welche Ärzte und Apotheken Zugriff auf die Daten erhalten; ebenso konnte der Benutzer einen Notfallcode wählen, der es einem sonst nicht-autorisierten Arzt erlaubte, den elektronischen Impfausweis einzusehen. Während der elektronische Impfausweis kostenlos war, bot das Zentrum für Vakzinologie am Universitätsspital Genf in Zusammenarbeit mit der Stiftung kostenpflichtige Zusatzleistungen an, wie den Übertrag der Impfdaten von Scans/Fotos und eine zeitlich befristete Impfberatung.

Im März 2021 nahm die Stiftung ihre Plattform, die den elektronischen Impfausweis mit einem veralteten System betrieb, wegen schwerwiegender datenschutzrechtlicher Mängel vom Netz.

Im August 2021 gab die Stiftung bekannt, dass sie die Plattform eingestellt und wegen finanzieller Probleme die Liquidation beantragt habe. Die Impfdaten der rund 300 000 Nutzer sollen vernichtet werden.

Ab Jahresende 2022 soll für die Stammgemeinschaften des EPD ein neuer elektronischer Impfausweis als Teil des elektronischen Patientendossiers bereitstehen.

Frankreich
In Frankreich gibt es einen Gesundheitspass (passeport sanitaire, oft passe sanitaire genannt), der in Frankreich unter anderem beim Besuch von Restaurants, Einkaufszentren, Veranstaltungsorten und Museen verlangt wird.
Mitte November 2021 wurde beschlossen, dass allen Franzosen über 65 Jahren, die bis zum 15. Dezember 2021 keine Auffrischungsimpfung erhalten haben, ihr Gesundheitspass nicht verlängert wird.
Am 17. Dezember 2021 gab Premierminister Jean Castex bekannt, dass der Pass in einen Impfpass umgewandelt werden soll. Die hochansteckende Omikron-Variante verbreite sich "rasend schnell um uns herum in Europa". Sie werde bald in Frankreich dominieren.

Rechtspolitik
Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde mit dem Aufkommen erster COVID-19-Impfstoffe weltweit diskutiert, ob einzelne Schutzmaßnahmen für geimpfte Personen aufgehoben werden könnten, oder sogar müssten, da diese als wahrscheinlich nicht mehr ansteckend angesehen wurden (→ zur Debatte in Deutschland). Impfausweise könnten dann dazu dienen, eine solche Immunität nachzuweisen.

Israel verfolgt diese Strategie bereits von Anfang an: So werden Geimpfte, genauso wie Genesene (siehe Immunitätsausweis), eine Woche nach ihrer zweiten Impfung von der Quarantänepflicht und Kontaktbeschränkungen ausgenommen. Sie erhalten zu diesem Zweck einen digitalen grünen Pass, der etwa Zugang zu Restaurants oder Kinos verschafft. Auch Erleichterungen bei Reisen sind angedacht: So schlossen bereits Zypern und Griechenland entsprechende Abkommen zur gegenseitigen Anerkennung der Impfzertifikate, um bald wieder Urlaubsreisen für Geimpfte und Genesene zu ermöglichen.

Weitere, ähnliche Initiativen gab es bereits vom Weltwirtschaftsforum, IBM und der IATA.

Die Europäische Union plante bereits im Zusammenhang mit Regelungen zur elektronischen Patientenakte die Einführung eines digitalen Impfpasses. Aufgrund der Pandemie und der anstehenden Impfungen gegen das Virus wurden die Pläne geändert, um den digitalen Impfpass statt wie vorgesehen im Jahr 2022 schon im Jahr 2021 einzuführen. Der österreichische Bundeskanzler Sebastian Kurz forderte bereits im Februar 2021, mit einem grünen Pass schnellstmöglich Erleichterungen für Geimpfte und Genesene, ähnlich wie in Israel, zu ermöglichen. Die EU plant ein digitales "grünes Zertifikat", in dem eine erfolgte COVID-19-Impfung, überstandene Erkrankung oder negatives Testergebnis hinterlegt werden kann. Inwiefern dieses Zertifikat jedoch auch zu konkreten Erleichterungen führt, müssen die Mitgliedstaaten jeweils selbst entscheiden. Die deutsche Bundesregierung ließ im Rahmen dessen eine eigene App entwickeln (CovPass), über die der "digitale Impfnachweis" sicher erstellt und nachgewiesen werden kann. Im Juni wurde mit der Ausgabe von EU-COVID-19-Zertifikaten begonnen.

Im April empfahl das Robert Koch-Institut, Geimpfte äquivalent zu negativ Schnellgetesteten zu behandeln, da im Vergleich zu ihnen ein sogar noch stärker reduziertes Infektionsrisiko bestehe. Anfang Mai 2021 wurden daraufhin von der Bundesregierung, mit Zustimmung von Bundestag und Bundesrat, wie in  Infektionsschutzgesetz vorgesehen, weitreichende Ausnahmen für geimpfte und genesene Personen beschlossen (siehe COVID-19-Schutzmaßnahmen-Ausnahmenverordnung). So sollen Schnellgetestete und Genesene grundsätzlich mit negativ Getesteten gleichgestellt werden, nicht den üblichen Kontakt- und Ausgangsbeschränkungen unterliegen sowie im Regelfall keiner Test- und nur noch eingeschränkter Quarantänepflicht unterliegen. Die deutsche Ethikratsvorsitzende Alena Buyx kritisierte, dass gerade hierdurch die bisher noch nicht geimpften, aber stärker von den Maßnahmen betroffenen, Jüngeren möglicherweise einen Nachteil hätten, dies berge die Gefahr einer Spaltung. Die fehlende Testung für Einreisende stieß bspw. bei Viola Priesemann auf Kritik, so werden Varianten, gegen die die Impfung nicht wirkt, "Tür und Tor" geöffnet.

Tiermedizin
In der Tiermedizin werden Impfungen ebenfalls in einem Impfausweis dokumentiert. Dabei können wie in der Kleintier- oder Pferdemedizin individuelle Impfausweise ausgestellt werden oder auch Impfausweise für Bestände. Für den internationalen Reiseverkehr ist in der Europäischen Union für Hunde, Katzen und Frettchen ein EU-Heimtierausweis obligatorisch.

Weblinks

 Impfempfehlungen. Ständige Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut.
 Frank Patalong: 700 Jahre Gesundheits-Atteste: Die erstaunlich lange Geschichte des Impfpasses. Spiegel Online, 23. August 2021.

Einzelnachweise

Urkunde
Impfung
Gesundheitswesen und Recht


text:
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Automobile – Related Crimes
March 20, 2016 /in Criminal Charges, Sex Crimes /by competenow
People who have been charged with a sex crime, like indecent exposure, should always consult with a trustworthy Massachusetts sex crime defense lawyer such as Attorney James Powderly. Even though indecent exposure is usually categorized as a misdemeanor offense, people who are convicted of this sex crime may have to pay fines, do community service, attend counseling and may also have to register as a sex offender. These legal consequences not only cause a person numerous setbacks, but can also limit a person's quality of life for many years to come. For this reason, people should always hire a Massachusetts indecent exposure defense attorney who will place every effort into securing a winning case outcome on their behalf.
EARLY INTERVENTION IS THE KEY TO A PROPER DEFENSE
It is extremely important to have an experienced and knowledgeable attorney begin working on your case as early as possible. Critical issues, such as how your particular case will be filed and what charges will be leveled against you, are decided, many a time, very soon after your arrest or during the investigatory period. Early intervention gives us an opportunity to potentially reduce or dismiss either felony or misdemeanor charges against you before the first court date.
If you are facing Indecent Exposure Charges
in Massachusetts, contact the Powderly Law Offices
immediately at (508) 343-0676.
Please feel free to call for an initial FREE CONSULTATION in our office, or in the privacy and convenience of your own home, during which we can explore how best to defend and resolve your case. Our 24-hour telephone number is (508) 343-0676.
MA INDECENT EXPOSURE PENALTIES
• Imprisonment in Jail or House of Corrections for Not More Than Six (6) Months
• Fine of Not More than Two Hundred ($200) Dollars
Contact a MA Indecent Exposure Lawyer at (508) 343-0676 or CLICK HERE
MA INDECENT EXPOSURE LAW
Chapter 272: Section 53. Penalty for certain offenses
Common night walkers, common street walkers, both male and female, common railers and brawlers, persons who with offensive and disorderly acts or language accost or annoy persons of the opposite sex, lewd, wanton and lascivious persons in speech or behavior, idle and disorderly persons, disturbers of the peace, keepers of noisy and disorderly houses, and persons guilty of indecent exposure may be punished by imprisonment in a jail or house of correction for not more than six months, or by a fine of not more than two hundred dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
Tags: Sexual
/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/LOGO-HES-3.jpg 0 0 competenow /wp-content/uploads/2018/10/LOGO-HES-3.jpg competenow2016-03-20 20:07:332019-05-29 17:39:57Indecent Exposure
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Freedom Series - Seating - SitOnIt | Arthur P. O'Hara, Inc.
Categories: New Office Furniture, New Office Chairs & Seating, Ergonomic Office Chairs, Task Chairs.
Winner of 10 design awards to date—including the Design Distinction Award in the prestigious ID Design Review 2000 competition—the Freedom chair by Niels Diffrient has revolutionized the task chair industry. Its weight-sensitive recline and synchronously adjustable armrests set new standards for task chair performance and functionality to keep the sitter exceptionally comfortable while also lowering the risk of long-term injury.


You can have Christmas, New Year's Eve, and the Fourth of July. As far as we're concerned, our Halloween bash is the party of the year. We mean, does the cofounder of our company wear pancake makeup and a silver wig at Christmas? No, sir (though, perhaps, he should).
And, so, we approached this party with the kind of nervous anticipation and glee others reserve for homecoming — roping in Cîroc, Peroni, and Zipz wine to provide the beverages, Bosco to supply the photo booth, and Grace Lee and her team of Liaison Femme DJs to give us something to dance to. The theme was psychedelic, the venue was Williamsburg's newly opened Baby's All Right, and the costumes were...well, see for yourself. Wish you were there, kids! Maybe we'll see you next year.


text:
Autenticitet (ægthed) dækker over fastlæggelse af originalitet og bekræftelse af samme, det vil sige at en påstand om identitet, ægthed af kunst eller sikkerheden af et computerprogram er sand og troværdig.

Fastlæggelse af autenticitet kaldes autentifikation.

Metoder til autentifikation

Identitet af en person
For at autentificere en persons identitet kan anvendes sammenligning af fotografier, øjenskanning, fingeraftryk og DNA-prøver, hvis disse er taget på et tidligere tidspunkt.

Statistik og sociologiske undersøgelser
Statistiske registreringer og sociologiske undersøgelser er underkastet nogle normer for afprøvning af ægtheden.

Kunstværker, bekræftelse af ægthed
Der kan blandt andet anvendes kulstofprøver til bestemmelse af et kunstværks alder, og i forbindelse med malerier kan der tages analyser af anvendte malinger, hvilket kan fastslå om den pågældende type maling anvendtes på tidspunktet for kunstnerens produktion.

It-kommunikation
Begrebet er sammen med integritet, uafviselighed og fortrolighed vigtigt for at kunne have tillid til meddelelser eller kommunikation indenfor især følsomme områder.

Kryptografi
Begreberne sandhed og ægthed bruges inden for kryptografi til at fastslå, om en bestemt meddelelse er fra den afsender, den påstår at være.

Sammenlign med integritet og autorisering.

Musik
Autenticitet er også er et fagudtryk inden for musikvidenskab. Det bruges muligvis bredere om flere musikgenrer – dvs. kunstmusik, avantgarde, populærmusik – men denne beskrivelse forholder sig primært til anvendelsen inden for populærmusik og især til genren rock. Begrebet er et resultat af, at kunstmusik indtil ca. starten af 1900-tallet var fuldstændigt dominerende som seriøs musik. Herved skal forstås, at musikken indtil da enten blev legitimeret af Gud eller af autoriteter på det musikalske område (adel, musikinstitutioner mv.) og at de dårligere stillede samfundslag ikke havde adgang til denne musik, selvom de fik det i stigende grad med etableringen af en egentlig borgerklasse.

Med rockmusikkens udspring i 1960'erne fra sit meget blandede udgangspunkt i først og fremmest rock'n'roll, men også folk, jazz og en række mindre genrer, sker det at man begynder også at tage rock og de andre populærmusikalske genrer seriøst. Man begynder at anerkende at genrerne har en kunstnerisk/symbolsk/kulturel værdi. Dette sker blandt andet gennem anmeldelser af musikken i såvel musikmagasiner som i aviser. Med mere fagsproglige termer kan det udtrykkes at man prøver at legitimere musikkens æstetiske grundlag. Som afprøvning af om et stykke musik er æstetisk anvendes en bedømmelse af musikkens autenticitet. Denne er en meget sammensat størrelse, som handler om den enkeltes oplevelse af musikken i forhold til om:

 Musikken opleves at have referencer til noget oprindeligt. F.eks. til folke-musik, eller til nogle myter eller historier.
 Musikken opleves at være autentisk og ægte i sit udtryk. Dvs. om man tror på at musikeren videreformidler sine egne følelser både i selve kompositionen af musikken og ved en performance.
 Om musikken sætter noget sanseligt på spil og kan bidrage til at forvirre sanserne – man kunne måske sige om den rammer en og på den måde er ægte for den der lytter til musikken.

Alle disse træk vurderes i første omgang som værende karakteristisk for rock, og som manglende for pop. Rock og pop er de fuldstændige kontraster. Rock er autentisk (eller præget af autenticitet) og pop er udtryk for og underlagt de kommercielle kræfter. Siden starten af 80'erne er pop dog også gennemgået en æstetiseringsproces og udtrykket pop/rock bekræfter at det i dag er meget komplekst at vurdere musik ud fra autenticitets-begrebet. Ikke desto mindre finder begrebet anvendelse i den fortsatte dialog om vores oplevelse af musikken og om dens kunstneriske egenskaber.

Computer adgangskontrol
Musik
Kryptografi
Informationsteknologi
Adgangskontrol


Double breasted jacket. Sole bottom button connection opens the lapel width while maintaining a shortened boxy torso. Subtle shoulder pads. Fully lined. Internal hidden pocket. Exterior breast pocket. Centered darts above waist pockets. Middle back seam with 6 inch opening.


CHICAGO (AP) — The Chicago Police Board has ignored oversight officials' recommendation and cleared an officer of wrongdoing in the shooting death of a 15-year-old boy during a 2012 foot chase.
Authorities say Bright was unarmed when he was shot in the back of the head, but officers recovered a .22-caliber revolver in a front yard near where the chase began.
In its 5-3 vote late Thursday, the board found Ternand was justified in shooting Bright from about 50 feet (15 meters) away.


The city has the second-highest gross value added (GVA) per resident (behind London) in major UK cities, with the average being £34,178 per resident.
The employment rate for the city stood at 73.6% for Q1 of 2013, which was higher than the rate for Scotland as a whole, which stood at 71.8%.
A sculpture outside Standard Life buildings on Lothian Road. The area is at the heart of an expanding financial district.
Edinburgh is the third-largest financial centre in the United Kingdom after the City of London and Glasgow and the fourth in Europe by equity assets, and is at the centre of a financial services in industry, which in Scotland achieved a growth rate of over 30% over the period 2000 to 2005.
Edinburgh has been a centre of banking for over 300 years; the Bank of Scotland was founded in 1695, by an act of the original Parliament of Scotland, and is now part of the Lloyds Banking Group, who have kept the Scottish headquarters in Edinburgh. The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) also has its global headquarters in Edinburgh, operating from a complex at Gogarburn and opened in October 2005. The bank was founded in 1727 by Royal Charter and is now the fifth largest in the world by market capitalisation. In 2000, the Royal Bank of Scotland acquired the National Westminster Bank in the biggest banking takeover in British history, to create a group with an expanded portfolio and a global outreach. Ulster Bank, Direct Line and Coutts constitute some of the other operations that are part of the RBS group. On 7 October 2007, a consortium led by RBS announced the successful acquisition of ABN AMRO, further growing its significance. Tesco Bank, as well as Virgin Money also have headquarters in Edinburgh.
The New Town and city centre has traditionally been home to many companies, in the banking, finance and legal professions, but modern needs have caused many to relocate. Immediately to the west of the city centre is the Terry Farrell master-planned Exchange business district, which now houses major employers such as Scottish Widows, Standard Life, the Clydesdale Bank, and Baillie Gifford.
Edinburgh has an estimated 17,136 people working within digital companies. The technology sector has grown upon the expertise within the city's universities. The city has seen a growth in the number of software companies in the city over the last 10 years and there are now more than 100. These include travel search website Skyscanner and one day fantasy sports provider Fanduel who have grow within the city. Several large corporates have invested in Edinburgh including Amazon Development Centre Scotland and Microsoft.
One of the main reasons behind the growth in the number of software companies is the highly skilled graduates from the University of Edinburgh's world-leading School of Informatics. The School of Informatics is the UK's largest and longest established research group in informatics. In the REF 2014 assessment for computer science and informatics the School of Informatics has produced more world-leading and internationally excellent research (4* and 3-star) than any other university in the UK. Edinburgh's high quality of life also helps companies to attract skilled workers from around the world.
Tourism is another important mainstay of the economy of Edinburgh, supporting 30,000 jobs in the city worth £1.6 billion to the city economy. In 2011, visitor spending was £1.16 billion, compared to £250 million in 1990. Edinburgh is Scotland's most popular tourist destination in terms of visitor numbers, with numbers growing substantially each year, particularly in the budget travel and backpacking sector, assisted by the growth of Edinburgh Airport and direct rail links to the rest of the country. The annual Edinburgh Festival attracts record numbers, as does the Hogmanay street party each New Year, with over 4.3 million visitors attending Edinburgh's various festival events over 2012. The Edinburgh Festivals in August alone generate in excess of £100 million for the Edinburgh economy. Another component of Edinburgh's tourist industry is business and conference tourism, which generates in excess of £74m for the city. Edinburgh is the UK's most popular conference destination, ahead of both London and Glasgow. Visitors are attracted by the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Old Town and the New Town as well as the history and culture of the city most visible in tourist attractions such as Edinburgh Castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse.
Edinburgh is a major centre of education in the United Kingdom, and has been since the establishment of the University of Edinburgh in 1583, with another three major higher education institutions in the city developing later. Education and academic research (including medical research) plays a significant role in the economy of the city. The presence of these educational institutions also attracts many overseas students and those from the rest of the UK. There is currently a student population of 57,850 enrolled in universities across the city.
The city is linked internationally by Edinburgh Airport (EDI) which in 2012 saw almost 9.2 million passengers throughout the year, which makes Edinburgh Airport the sixth busiest in the UK, despite a 2% drop in passengers from the previous year.
In terms of rail connections, Edinburgh Waverley railway station is the principal mainline station in the city serving over 22.5 million passenger journeys over 2011–12.
The Edinburgh Trams, completed in May 2014, consist of 15 tram stops along the single 14 km (8.7 mi) line. The route links Edinburgh Airport in the West, to York Place in the East.
↑ "FDi European Cities & Regions of the Future 2013"
↑ "Scotland's Census - 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland - Release 1B"
↑ "ONS - Regional Gross Value Added (Income Approach), December 2012"
↑ "Edinburgh Economy Watch - October 2013"
1 2 3 4 5 "Edinburgh by Numbers 13/14"
↑ "Scotsman 2013 - Only London beats Edinburgh on productivity in UK"
↑ "Waverley station overhaul to create city 'piazza'". The Scotsman. 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
↑ "Our company". Lothian Buses. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
↑ "Tram Route Map and Stops". Edinburgh Trams. Retrieved 16 April 2015.


text:
Daylighting was a key driver of the design for the new Dena'ina Elementary School in Wasilla, Alaska.
By Jessie Fetterling
WASILLA, Alaska — During the winter, Wasilla, receives an average of six hours of sunlight per day — meaning students have a limited amount of time to reap the benefits of natural daylight. As such, maximizing daylight quickly became a key design driver for the new Dena'ina Elementary School in Wasilla.
The main goal of the PreK through fifth-grade elementary school was to add capacity, and Dena'ina Elementary School is one of six new schools built for the growing Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District (MSBSD) in recent years. The 400-student school was built using a portion of a $214 million school construction bond approved by voters in 2011.
The $18.4 million project broke ground in May 2015, and construction was completed in July 2016. The Chicago office of Perkins+Will served as the design architect, while Anchorage, Alaska-based Bettisworth North Architects and Planners served as the architect of record and landscape architect, and Palmer, Alaska-based F-E Contracting Inc. served as the general contractor.
Built on the same campus as the Joe Redington Sr. Junior/Senior High School that opened in 2015, Dena'ina is situated in a forest of birch trees. Its design is rooted in its sense of place, with a strong connection to the outdoors and has quickly become a prototype for how schools can maximize daylight in Alaska.
"I believe the use of natural light [in the new school's design] has had a positive impact on students throughout the winter," said Andrea Everett, principal of Dena'ina Elementary School. "While it is difficult to quantify (as young children may not realize the impact), as adults, we've often commented on how grateful we are to have so much natural light through the dark winter."
Design Adaptations
The Perkins+Will design team started with the idea of adaptability and addressed ways to rethink the traditional idea of classroom spaces. The team, together with school faculty members, spent a productive four days as part of a design workshop that led to the development of the school's basic concept of organization.
"That [basic concept] really carried through the whole design," said Todd Snapp, design principal at Perkins+Will. "That intensive workshop was probably the most valuable aspect of making sure everyone's voice was heard."
Perforated railings that extend along the second floor and down the staircase continue the flow of natural light. Photo Credit (all): Kevin G. Smith Photography
Snapp said that the team decided upon a compact form to maximize daylight in the academic spaces. The design positioned the 44,000-square-foot school so all classrooms face south and feature vertical windows that stretch along the exterior. The gymnasium, kitchen and administration spaces were then built to the north.
"The idea of splaying the building around a central commons and then the stepping of the classrooms made us think of circulation in a different way," Snapp said. "The stepping of the classrooms created small areas outside of the classrooms for students or staff to have four- or six-person meetings. I think stepping back from a more traditional double-loaded corridor layout and thinking about circulation of the areas was one of the biggest factors."
Color also plays a key role in how light fills the space. The vertical windows on the exterior vary in hue from clear to tinted blue, orange and green, while colored skylights and LEDs inside can create a vibrant space even when light is not available naturally. The composite wood ceiling and white walls in the commons area serve as a canvas showing off the bright colors as the light moves across the horizon. Perforated railings that extend along the second floor and down the staircase continue that flow of light.
"The combination of color and perforated panels that line their way through the space as a ribbon creates a lot of playfulness throughout the day," said Julie Michiels, senior project designer for Perkins + Will.
Read the rest of the article in the May issue of School Construction News, which can also be found online here.
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We look forward to your attendance at the Fermilab 50th Anniversary Symposium and Users Meeting.
The Fermilab cafeteria is open Monday to Friday from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. Breakfast is served from 7 to 10:15 a.m. Lunch is served from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. at most stations and until 2 p.m. at others. View the cafeteria menu.
Many restaurants are situated within a five- to 10-minute drive of Fermilab on Kirk Road (west of the laboratory) and on Route 59 (east of the lab).
To speed your lunch experience, a limited number of lunch boxes will be available for purchase on June 7 and 8 just outside One West for $8 each (cash only, tax included). An ATM is available on the ground floor of Wilson Hall.
Additional lunch seating will be available in One West and in the Art Gallery on the second floor crossover.
All registrants are invited to an anniversary reception on Wednesday evening immediately following the keynote address. The reception includes hors d'oeuvres, beer and wine.
Fermilab is located in Batavia, Illinois, roughly 35 miles west of Chicago. Government-issued photo ID such as a driver's license or passport is required to enter the laboratory. See directions to Fermilab.
Symposium and Users Meeting attendees may park in any unmarked spot in the lots on either side of Wilson Hall. Should the Wilson Hall lots be full, please follow the signs to overflow parking areas.
A comprehensive list of nearby hotels and lodging options is available online.
Fermilab offers a Wi-Fi network for visitors as well as eduroam access. This webpage contains information on accessing the Fermilab guest network. Should you run into trouble, you can visit the Service Desk on the ground floor of Wilson Hall.
If you have questions about visiting the laboratory during the Anniversary Symposium and Users Meeting, please email fifty@fnal.gov.


Great article from SOUTHCOAST TODAY.com on Youth lacrosse..
Netting new minds: Camp aims to give New Bedford some lacrosse roots; from South Coast Today….
What web site is the best for lacrosse LAXPOWER ? INSIDE LACROSSE ? LAX.com ?
As lax proliferates..and news ..recruiting..camps also explode.. What web site do you guys think really captures the lacrosse experience best ? What are the pros and cons of each site ? Or are there better sites out there ? Better writers ? Better info ?
WARRIOR vs MAVERIK …Which lacrosse brand will conquer the world ?
What brand will dominate lacrosse ? For the past 10 years the sport of lacrosse has exploded and for the most part the WARRIOR brand has been the premiere brand. But in the past 5 years, especially the last 3 ..MAVERIK has really made huge strides to take over the top spot…. Who do you think will win out ? or is there another brand out there can beat them both ?


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text:
Q: Concatenating columns with mysql I am struggling with a small problem. I have a table as follows
name id
a    1
b    1
c    2
d    2
e    3
f    4

I need output as follows.
a-b  1
c-d  2
e    3
f    4

I need to get the concatenated name for a given ID.I tried using concat function but i ended up empty handed.

A: SELECT id
     , GROUP_CONCAT(name SEPARATOR '-') AS name
FROM table
GROUP BY id

A: SELECT group_concat(`name` SEPARATOR '-') AS NAMES
     , `id`
FROM Table1
GROUP BY `id`;

SQLFiddle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange