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EPA Home ›› EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) ›› Advisory Activities by Committee CASAC ›› Particulate Matter Policy Assessment for National Ambient Air Quality Standard Review
Particulate Matter Policy Assessment for National Ambient Air Quality Standard Review
EPA Designated Federal Officer (DFO): Holly Stallworth
stallworth.holly@epa.gov
Responsible Committee/Panel: CASAC Particulate Matter Review Panel
Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to carry out a periodic review and revision, as appropriate, of the air quality criteria and the primary and secondary standards for six criteria air pollutants, which include particulate matter. Primary standards set limits to protect public health, including the health of "sensitive" populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly. Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.
EPA's Office of Air and Radiation has requested CASAC review of its draft "Particulate Matter Policy Assessment." The purpose of the Policy Assessment is to "bridge the gap" between the scientific information and the judgments required of the Administrator in determining whether it is appropriate to retain or revise the particulate matter standards. The first draft Policy Assessment builds upon the key scientific and technical information contained in the Agency's Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (Final Report) (December 2009) as well as the two draft assessment documents titled Particulate Matter Urban-Focused Visibility Assessment: Second External Review Draft (January 2010) and Quantitative Health Risk Assessment for Particulate Matter: Second External Review Draft (February 2010).
Last updated on: July 14, 2016


I didn't really know what to expect from this book, but I was really pleasantly surprised! I read the back of the book when I was in Waterstones and I had an idea of what it was going to be about – but I didn't expect it on that scale!
This book is real brain teaser! You think that one thing is going to happen, but the complete opposite does. I was completely intrigued when I was reading this, I didn't want to put it down.
It's quite hard to write about this, without spoiling it because if you say one thing, then most of the story is spoilt! So I will try to keep it to the minimum!
It is basically about a man that comes home from work, to see that his front door is left wide open, the furniture inside has been thrown around, the iron is left on and his wife is missing. He goes to the police and starts a search to find his wife but it gets made out that he has killed her. That's where the main story starts and there's so many twists to it, that you really won't expect them!
It is a really good book to read, and I'd definitely recommend it! Much better than I thought it would be!
I have also heard that there's a possibility that it's going to be turned into a film too.
I read this over the summer because everyone else was 🙂 It was crazy how I felt so strongly one way until about halfway though and then just had the rug pulled from under me, and made me do a complete 180 and feel even more strongly about it 😀 Very skilful!
Yes yes, it's a wonderful book! So clever and so completely out there. Didn't end how I thought it would. Kudos to Flynn!
Absolutely awesome and so difficult to judge who is better (amongst the husband and wife). This book kept me totally hooked till the end. And after reaching the end I still wanted to know what is going to happen now how will the lead pair fare further.


Is it already working? how to do?
Is anyone with this same problem?
Lately on the map where I have all the points of interest registered, I am not able to search by the name of the POI, only by the address, city the name of the company, but looking for the name of the POI is no longer working.
Is someone with this problem too?
When I create a new point of interest, I save, but the screen does not close. This occurred after the last update.
Send to email, just as it is done in the GGS forum.
Today I control my vehicles by the car model.
To find out who the traffic tickets are, I need to control the driver I was driving.
I have neither Botton nor RFID installed.
How should I do this for the GGS? I need to know which driver was driving on a certain day.
I have several electronic fences set up in the event rule . and after updating the Path4 beta today, even after closing the event he does not come out of the screen and does not turn off the alarm sound.
Someone is having the same problem ?


In course of 50 years, the travel and tourism and hospitality industry has been acknowledged by international and national tourism promoting countries as a major force for social and economic development. But inspite of such recognition, we all have seen that in course of the five decades passed, the growth has not been matched by the development of a solid foundation or an infrastructure on which to sustain and enhance the datas. Often we have seen that the datas sometime may not be reliable or supported with documentary evidence.
There are many reasons and very nature of the industry could also be some way responsible. The large number of organizations involved in tourism related activities and their relatively small size of operations implied that efforts to collect datas from each of them are both cumbersome and time consuming. This is not so for other industries like Automobile or other manufacturing industries where information is concentrated in the hands of much smaller number of firms and where government facilitate the collection of date base. But this is not so for Tourism Sector. Though some efforts have now been initiated by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.
The Second factor is the nature of the travel experiences itself and the inherent difficulties in understanding consumer behavior, expenditure patterns and preferences.
Thirdly being new industry, it has not been able to establish educational infrastructure necessary to attract fair percentage of best talents who are looking for openings in tourism industry. As a result, there is little interest shown on to have reliable information base on which best management decisions can be made or attract best talents.
However one good thing happened that in course of this five decades, there is global competitions to take the share of the tourism pie and more and more countries have now realized the importance of tourism as economic and social force and for overall development. Though some beginning was made by having in-service training for the staff specially for changing consumer behavior, consumer preferences for selecting a destination, tour itineraries, sales and marketing for companies, spending patterns etc but the need is for more focused education for carrier opportunities and tourism information research. This has been rightly felt by the tourism entrepreneurs and respective governments of the countries who started promoting tourism in a bigger way.
Thus the need was felt for tourism education in the last three decades. There were sincere efforts in the development of educational programmes designed to enhance the education and training levels of those entering the industry as well as those keen to be employed in it. Since some progress was visible yet it has not reached the educational progress as seen in other manufacturing industries like automobile, textile, engineering products etc. It has now been felt that there is the urgent need for tourism education. Thus tourism syllabus is to be revised as per the needs of the market to fuel the need of educational institutes and tourism education and research through those institutes. Even universities were involved to boost tourism education.
The first step to streamline the tourism education was to prepare text books and other teaching material for tourism at the level of introductory courses. Here also there were usual bottle necks as diversity of the knowledge base which had the problem of having any one individual who can master the many skills involved. Because of the formal education background, the individuals were forced to develop their own abilities.
This further necessitated having educational institutes where basic tourism education to be impacted by drawing upon the knowledge and skill found among both educationists and practitioners. Leading experts in various aspects of travel and tourism provided the benefits of their knowledge and experience. Success has been varied. The initial education was based on industry practices focusing on Managerial Perspective to assist management in improving the quality of planning and decision making and put the message that tourism is multidisciplinary activity. Impact of tourism on both host and tourist as the tourism increasingly became a worldwide phenomenon and cross many cultures. The need for better understanding of these cultures and impact on culture, the studies of motivation became important, even case history of tourism business etc.
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India also had a research and marketing wing in the Department, still not specific tourism education policy was drawn up. These divisions were mainly collecting international tourist arrival datas and tourists profile. The tourism education remained restricted to market surveys Research looking into collection of datas, processing and analysis, provision of information for decision making on the need for some new or enlarged facilities or services for future course of action for example what would be impact of oil crisis on tourist arrivals, what relation exists between disposable income and propensity to travel internationally among holidayers. Forecasts relate to international tourist arrivals. Just a beginning mainly to have some basic tourism education purely need based to that Juncture of time, very focused but not through a proper syllabus for real tourism education. As the tourist arrivals increased through the 2nd Five Year Plan period, a new orientation was given to tourism education in the tourism planning mainly focused to Hospitality industry by setting up Food Craft Centers and Hotel Management Institute under the umbrella of the Ministry of Tourism to service the growing demands of tourists for good accommodation and food services etc and also to be competitive.
Since 1995-96, the IITTM started a full time one year Diploma in Tourism Management (DTM) programme with the approval of All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) New Delhi. In the year 1995, the National Institute of Water sports were also incorporated in the IITTM for education training and consulting in the area of acqua based tourism activities. In 1996-97, Eastern Regional centre of the IITTM at Bhubaneshwar was established with the same DTM programme. From the academic year 2007-08, the IITTM started another centre from Delhi IITTM; also now conducts Regional Level Guide Training Programme.
For Hospitality Education, Ministry had setup 21 Hotel Management Institutes in the central sector and six state government sponsored institutes. There are 5 Food Craft Institutes offering specialized courses. There are eight private Institute of hotel management. The IHM'S offer MSC in Hospitality Administration, Bsc in Hospitality and Hotel Administration, PG Diploma and other Certificate Courses. The Food Craft Institutes (FCI's) offer one and half year Diploma Programme in Food production, F & B Service, Housekeeping operation, Front office operation and Bakery and Confectionary.
All these Institutes are affiliated to the National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology (NCH MCT) at apex level which regulates academics for all the Institutes. The MSc and BSc Programmes are offered in collaboration with Indira Gandhi National Open University for which certification is jointly carried out by the University. Certification for all other diplomas and Certificate courses is done by the NCHMCT.
· Govt./ Private education/training institutions recommended by State Govts.
1. Food Production, Food & Beverages Services, Housekeeping, Bakery Travel & Tour Facilitators, Home Stay owners/workers, Valet Parking Assistants, Spa Therapists, Bell Boys, Golf Caddies, Security Personnel from Hotels.
It is tourist's preferences or motivation travels are changing, Tourism education need to adopt to significant societal and industry changes so that the new generation students can lead the industry into the future as it faces increasing pressures for responsibility and stewardship that puts a priority for change in tourism educational programmes, fundamentally re-design not incrementally by adding new courses or putting courses on line, but by changing the nature of what is taught and how it is taught.
Skills and knowledge sets must be redefined; structures are to be discussed and old ways of doing things must be transcended. We have to keep in mind tourism employment in the coming decades will have a very different profile then it does today. Already what is taught now in our institutes (IITTM's) have become obsolete. The education has to be need based to the industry's changing scene and provide responsible leadership qualities with technically savy. To be more specific the syllabus to be value based tourism education. In the global scene we understand that there is an initiative from five sponsoring universities (Temple University and university of Hawai USA, The university of Quensland (Australia) Bocconi University (Italy) and model university (Austria) .
They had deliberations to discuss and recommend a frame work for a new tourism curriculum for 2010-2030.
As tourism promoting country we have to associate ourselves with such educational universities and take their guidance to re-organize our educational curriculum based on that expert and researched inputs and adopt to Indian scenario to the optimum level possible. Tourism education has to create a frame work for a value-based tourism curriculum that will be relevant and effective to meet the new challenges of the industry.
We always think that tourists have always travelled to distant parts of the world, even India, to see buildings (rich architectural Heritage Buildings) which are termed as Cultural Tourism and till date India is branded as a major cultural tourism destination. We have also dovetailed our efforts for leisure travel with Beach holidays Mountain Resorts, Wildlife resorts and luxury Heritage Hotels (Palace Hotels). We have to look into the new trends.
We have to create special focused curriculum for Winter Tourism – ie Skiing Holidays and Safety norms Do's & Don'ts. In India, government through Gulmarg Sports Project and its umbrella organization Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering have made a very good beginning. We have now developed Ski Resorts in Gulmarg (J & K), Auli (Uttarkhand), Solang Nala (Himachal Pradesh) Kufri (Himachal Pradesh) Kumaon Hills attracting winter tourism tourists. But we do not have regular curriculum for having Ski professional trainers and its regular supply to service this especialized tourism segment.
Now there is a new trend of Mass Tourism through movement of charters. Mass Tourism need a different education for handling big groups and different languages and interest. It can develop with improvements in infrastructure at all levels, improvement of airports, Technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people by air, or surface, Rail, Cruise etc in a short space of time to boost of leisure interest so that greater number of people could enjoy the benefits of leisure time. To boost this segment of tourism: Ministry of Tourism, Government of India has made special Travel Trade Cell to look after charter operations and norms for charters to India are regulated. But this also needs special training and adopt the global norms for operations.
There are several other new trends and our tourism education Curriculum needs to include them in the tourism education syllabus. These areas are "Adjective Termed" as tourism which refers to the numerous Niche or Specialty Travel Forms that have emerged over the years, each with its own adjective. Many of these have come into common use by the tourism industry and academics in the western universities. These are emerging concepts that are gaining popular usage and often termed as Niche Tourism Products. These include "Agri Tourism" visiting agro Farms, Wineries, Rural centers. India has better opportunities for servicing such experientaial tourists. Here travel has a similar definition of tourism but implies "a more purpose full journey" ie to satisfy his special likings in the field of agriculture farming real tourism experience etc.
This is often now clubbed under Sustainable tourism. Another focused trend in tourism where the emphasis is "Management of all resources in such a way that economic, social, ecological process, biological diversity and life support systems" (World Tourism Organization) "Sustainable development implies meeting the needs of the present without compromising the need" Source: ((World Commission on Environment and Development 1987). The emphasis is on having guidelines of operations of Hospitality Travel industry, wild life parks, Rivers and Lake areas etc looking into areas which can be detrimental to ecological or Sociological impacts of tourism development to a destination. This part was seldom considered in our tourism education till date. But needs broader realization by incorporating in tourism education syllabus. There cannot be real economic growth without regard to its social and environmental impact studies. This has brought focus into Eco tourism also known as "Ecological Tourism". This implies travel to fragile, pristine and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact (often) small scale. It mainly tries to educate traveler, provides tourism revenues for education/conservation and benefiting the local communities and foster respect for different cultures and human rights. In India there are now over 170 Rural Tourism Centers under development and at various stages of completion mainly to promote eco tourism objectives. But for systematic education and development, tourism education for rural tourism needs to be included under Niche Products with outhining Do's and Don't and system of conservation, impact studies, Research base, carrying capacity etc.
provides tourism revenues for education/conservation and benefiting the local communities and foster respect for different cultures and human rights. In India there are now over 170 Rural Tourism Centers under development and at various stages of completion mainly to promote eco tourism objectives. But for systematic education and development, tourism education for rural tourism needs to be included under Niche Products with outhining Do's and Don't and system of conservation, impact studies, Research base, carrying capacity etc.
Similarly Medical Tourism is now a new concept and has taken global attention among tourism promoting countries. But no specific education syllabus is available for this segment.
When there is a significant price difference between countries for a given medical procedure particularly in South East Asia, Europe, USA and where there are different regulatory regimes in relation to particular medical procedure (Dentistry, Heart surgeries etc) travelling to take advantage of the price or regulatory difference is often refer to as Medical Tourism. India has made a significant progress on this account but there is no proper education on how such business need to be operated on ethical practices. Similarly in India it is wellness tourism and it is part of the medical tourism combining alternative health practices along with usual allopathic ie Homeopathy, Ayurvedic massage, unani etc. Alternative Medical treatments are special education which hither to was not duly recognized but now quite in vogue in India and globally acceptable.
Here comes another segment which is also termed "Creative Tourism" that had existed as "Cultural tourism" since the beginning of tourism itself and was part of main tourism curriculum. This concept got a boost since high profile organization like UNESCO who through the creative cities Net work have endorsed creative tourism as an engaged, automatic experience that promotes an active understanding of the specific cultural feature of a destination, like world Heritage Monuments in India China, Egypt, Turkey, France Jordan to say some unique heritage holding countries. Cultural and Crafts tourism also focus on cultural festivals, craft festivals where tourists have direct interaction with craft people, though inter active workshops and informed learning experiences. In India, every state has its own cultural festivals, special Craft fairs, unique handicraft, folk traditions, and how these are to be categorized within our tourism educationist for future generation of students who are looking for a career in tourism related activities.
There are other new segments in tourism but now come as new trends in tourism and will need professionals to do justice for future development in a systematic manner. The one which is getting quite popular in Western Europe is dark Tourism (Lennon and Foley) Dark Tourism which involves visit to dark sites such as battle ground (like waterloo in Belgium). Scenes of horrific crimes (Postdum and Dresden in Germany) acts of genocide (like concentration camps where jews were massacred) INA Memorial in Manipur, Cemeteries in Lucknow and Kolkata by British tourists visiting India etc. This niche tourism product reflects Remembrance, Mourning Curiosity or even Entertainment like in Rome chariot, Races sites at coliseum, gladiator fights, matador fights in Span etc. There are also visit to off the beaten track sites which may also include places where worst earthquake took place (Kutch areas in Gujarat, Pornpidue, Japan etc). It has some link with the other new trend which has been named Doom Tourism which involves travelling to places that are environmentally or otherwise like Melting glaciers of Patagonia, the dwindling coral of the Great Barrier Reef, Tribal Regions of Andaman islands Orissa etc. "Priority Consideration" is to be there before it becomes too late. Indentified by travel trade magazine Travel Trends Editor-in-chief Kenneth in 2007 and later explored in the New York Times, this type of tourism is believed to be on the rise. Though often it is clubbed with sustainable tourism as these centers are also threatened by environmental factors such as Global Warming, Over population, Climate Change and Rampant Use without due consideration to the sensitiveness of these areas.
Space Tourism is also taking off since last decade though the number is very restrictive as both Resource and Technical Education are needed by the intending travelers. But lot of education has gone into this segment. Here we have to wait for some more time as this will need to improve infrastructure like Space Elevator need to be put into place, possible Airship Hotels Solar Powered Airplanes etc. This will need special Training and Skill development. A curriculum is needed for this segment also and we need specialists and exchange of ideas.
Under water hotels like "HYDROPOLIS" (in Dubai) for ocean tourists which will attract big cruisers which will be like "Floating Cities". Thus "Cruise Tourism" format will change with new destinations added. In India, we have totally ignored this segment of "Cruise Tourism". We have to have special tourism education Syllabus for servicing Cruise Tourism Segment. Though it has made some mark and many countries are doing well. Even in India, government has given some priority status but lack total skill development for servicing this segment tourism. Sports Tourism is also progressing in a big manner which have some adventure tourism components; Trekking in the Himalayas, River Rafting, Acqua sports in Rivers, Oceans, Himalayan Car Rally, Desert Safari, Elephant Safari Motor Racing, Golfing, Polo, High Altitude Expeditions, Bungi jumping etc one majoar components of sports tourism. We have no Safety Regulations enacted but all these have life threat possibilities and often take place in deep sea/rivers quite far away from metro cities, evacuation is needed on a short notice. But also need very specific education and licensing for operations, Football, Cricket, Hockey world cups attract volumes of tourists. IPL in India itself needed special companies to gain official tickets allocation, sell them through pre-appointed agencies and sell them in an attractive package which will include flights, hotels, transfers tickets, sightseeing excursions these new segments.
For Europe, India even Japan, China etc Rail Tourism has added new dimension and specially in India Rail Tourism with special tourist trains like Palace on –wheels, Deccan odyssey, Royal Rajasthan etc are offering unique Rail Tourism experience. Shopping Tourism (shop till you drop), Architectural and Photo Safari, Gourmet Heritage, Astrological tours, cycle tours, educational tours (which has now have increasing demand. Because of the growing popularity of teaching and learning knowledge and enhancing of technical competency beyond the class room environment like Yoga in India, learning special instrumental music like Sitar, Flute or learning Magic, Playing Cards (Bridge, Chess, Religion at religions discourse on Indian Religious centers under Gurus etc and even IT education in India. Thus Education Tourism focus on the leisure activity visiting another country to learn about the culture such as students exchange scholarship for higher studies for tourism relation and Hotel Management, study tours / work and apply skills in a different environment and need a significant curriculum to attract future practitioners.
As India, we do not have any proper curriculum or in-depth study. There is no reference in Tourism syllabus now in use to train tourism professionals on the above new trends.
Thus the need is to re model the whole tourism syllabus looking into all these new trends, prepare an inventory of all available components of these new segments in India, Look for professional who are already involved in one in the other way and can deliberate through previous experiences. To have a faculty team of educationist and experiences of the tourism industry to workout syllabus, focusing on skill development for each segment, certification and duration of each course etc. This has to be done very fast as in the absence of trained staff, we may fail to attract these niche tourists' components of the growing industry and our tourism will remain to cultural segment for decades. We have to go out of this branding of cultural tourism destination; our image should be a Land of. All Seasons and All Reasons and Tell your interest and we can .tailor made it – "Allow us to spoil you". "We take you to all places where you had never been". But first we need to prepare our future students in tourism by having professional education and let us work together to create the syllabus and Do it Now.


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Locative Media and Data-Driven Computing Experiments
22 Pages Posted: 2 Oct 2015
See all articles by Sung-Yueh Perng
Sung-Yueh Perng
National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Maynooth University)
Rob Kitchin
National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Maynooth University) - NIRSA
Leighton Evans
National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Maynooth University) - National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)
Date Written: October 1, 2015
Over the past two decades urban social life has undergone a rapid and pervasive geocoding, becoming mediated, augmented and anticipated by location-sensitive technologies and services that generate and utilise big, personal, locative data. The production of these data has prompted the development of exploratory data-driven computing experiments that seek to find ways to extract value and insight from them. These projects often start from the data, rather than from a question or theory, and try to imagine and identify their potential utility. In this paper, we explore the desires and mechanics of data-driven computing experiments. We demonstrate how both locative media data and computing experiments are 'staged' to create new values and computing techniques, which in turn are used to try and derive possible futures that are ridden with unintended consequences. We argue that using computing experiments to imagine potential urban futures produces effects that often have little to do with creating new urban practices. Instead, these experiments promote big data science and the prospect that data produced for one purpose can be recast for another, and act as alternative mechanisms of envisioning urban futures.
Keywords: Data analytics, computing experiments, locative media, location-based social network (LBSN), staging, urban future, critical data studies
Perng, Sung-Yueh and Kitchin, Rob and Evans, Leighton, Locative Media and Data-Driven Computing Experiments (October 1, 2015). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2668164 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2668164
Sung-Yueh Perng (Contact Author)
National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Maynooth University) ( email )
Maynooth, Kildare W23 F2H6
HOME PAGE: http://progcity.maynoothuniversity.ie/contributors/sung-yueh-perng/
National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Maynooth University) - NIRSA ( email )
Iontas Building
Maynooth, County Kildare W23 F2H6
National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Maynooth University) - National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA) ( email )
Maynooth, Kildare

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Content management systems (CMS) are amazing and convenient platforms for creating high-quality, customizable websites in a short amount of time. The leading CMS software projects, WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal, all have built a great deal of useful technology on projects that started out small (for instance, Drupal evolved from a message board). They can be used to readily solve most of the common challenges faced by a fully-functioning website. However, the commonality of that technology means that CMS systems can become targets of well-known attack techniques. One such technique is SQL injection and it has especially become a common headache for WordPress site administrators.
SQL injection is a technique almost as old as databases. SQL can be considered the universal standard language for interacting with databases. It was created with the goal of making it easy to communicate with database systems without the need fo r programming. It was also made to resemble human language as much as possible (in fact in was originally called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language). However, it has often been used by programmers to allow their programs to automatically communicate with databases as well. What often happens is that programmers take shortcuts with SQL that make development easier, but leave glaring security holes, and sometimes allow an attacker to insert entire queries to the database that overtake the system.
The popularity of WordPress has made it a common target for injection attacks. It is open source, written in PHP, and uses MySQL as its database. MySQL also happens to be one of the most used and well-known databases, meaning that its vulnerabilities are also well-known. Fortunately, the WordPress open source community generally works hard to provide updates and fix es to all compromised components whenever such a round of attacks occurs. This is why it is essential for a web administrator to constantly keep up with updates to all themes and plugins that are used to enhance WordPress and other CMS systems, and stay updated on the latest fixes needed to keep websites secure.


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IBDP History IA
The Wannsee Conference was convened on 20 January 1942 by the second-highest ranking ϟϟ leader Reinhard Heydrich in a luxurious villa taken over by the
ϟϟ in the wealthy Berlin suburb of Wannsee. Its purpose was to announce the launching of the "final solution" of the Jewish question in Europe to leading government and party bureaucrats and to secure their cooperation in this project. Historians have not been able to determine with absolute certainty just when Hitler made the decision for systematic genocide. On 31 July 1941, six weeks after the ϟϟ Einsatzgruppen began murdering Soviet Jews in coordination with "Operation Barbarossa," Heydrich was delegated the task of drawing up plans for "a total solution of the Jewish question in the German sphere of influence in Europe". It seems almost certain that he was given the green light to implement these plans by October 1941, when Jewish emigration was prohibited throughout Europe and preparations for the deportation of German Jews were put into place. Euthanasia "experts" had already been transferred to occupied Poland to set up the facilities for mass killings by poison gas. The ruthless racial and ideological war against the Soviet Union provided the conditions under which a systematic extermination program could be launched without generating wide publicity.
The Conference had originally been called for December 8, but the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour and the launching of the Soviet offensive against the German siege of Moscow forced a postponement. The minutes do not openly describe the killing programme, but none of the high-ranking participants from the various government ministries could have been in any doubt what Heydrich meant when he said that the remnant of Jews who survived forced labour would have to be "appropriately dealt with." Adolf Eichmann, the specialist on the "Jewish question" in the Reich Security Main Office run by Heydrich, provided the population statistics, which overstated the number of Jews in Europe by some two million. Much of the conference was taken up by the question of whether Jews of mixed ancestry (Mischlinge) and Jews in mixed marriages were to be included in the "final solution." The ϟϟ was forced by considerations of public morale to respect these distinctions in Germany itself. In the occupied areas, however, the Nazis made no exceptions for part-Jews or Jews in mixed marriages.
Stackelberg & Winkle The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts (345-346)
Site of the Wannsee Conference, a meeting of senior Nazi officials of the Nazi German regime, held on 20 January 1942 to inform senior Nazis and senior Governmental administrators of plans for the "Final solution to the Jewish question."
In the rear, alongside the lake in 1922 and standing in front now
Of the fourteen participants invited and sat around this table discussing the logistics of mass murder, eight held doctorates or comparable university degrees.
A tour of the house, left, and scene from the BBC / HBO television film Conspiracy which dramatises the 1942 Wannsee Conference which features Kenneth Branagh as Reinhard Heydrich, Stanley Tucci as Adolf Eichmann, and Colin Firth as Wilhelm Stuckart.
The start of the 1984 German television production Die Wannseekonferenz which presents the conference in real time. Directed by Heinz Schirk with a disturbing performance of charm and calculation by Dietrich Mattausch as Heydrich, the film is based on records and minutes kept of the conference, spoken by unnervingly convincing actors in carefully reconstructed surroundings and wearing meticulously authentic uniforms. Wannseekonferenz appears the better movie with Conspiracy coming across as a flashy imitation, although watching both films is instructive. Both have the same people attending the conference, but how each attendee is portrayed at the conference is strikingly different. Most of the attendees in Conspiracy (except for Dr. Klopfer) are viewed as flawed intellectuals, but full of grace, charm and manners (which makes a nice stark comparison with what they are discussing). Almost all of the attendees in Die Wannseekonferenz (except for the female secretary) are shown as crude, corrupt pigs that differ with each other only as to how to divide their 'power'. It would be interesting to research the 'real' Major Lange. The crude drunken Major Lange of Die Wannseekonferenz seems more likely to be butchering the Jews of Riga than the soft spoken, charming, well-mannered Major Lange of Conspiracy.
HOW SIGNIFICANT WAS THE WANNSEE CONFERENCE TO THE FINAL SOLUTION?
IB History Internal Assessment
A. Plan of investigation
How Significant was the Wannsee Conference to the Final Solution? Significance shall be defined as factors that both determined and were causal to the development of the Final Solution.
The Wannsee protocol itself will be evaluated as the only available primary source of the events and decisions made that day. Furthermore, Eichmann's testimony is crucial to this analysis, revealing what the coordinator of the Final solution personally experienced as the secretary of Wannsee and conceived of its significance. However, historians such as Rees, Overy and Roseman are used to test Eichmann's claims as he stood on trial for his life. This investigation will not focus on the development of the Final Solution as a whole, nor on its victims, but rather on assessing the significance of Wannsee to the Final Solution within the context of the decision making continuum on methodology and coordination of exterminating Europe's Jews.
On January 20th 1941, four days after the first transport of Łódź ghetto Jews to Chelmno,[9] a meeting was held in an SS villa on the shores of Wannsee Lake. Reichsmarschall Göring, (successor and deputy to Hitler in all his offices[10]) authorized Reinhard Heydrich "to carry out all necessary preparations with regard to organisational, practical and material matters for a total solution of the Jewish question in the German sphere of influence in Europe" with affected "central organisations."[11] Initially the invitations were for December 9,[12] postponed due to Pearl Harbour bombing.[13]
B. Summary of Evidence
Mass murder and gassing prior to Wannsee On June 22 1941, killing squads (Einsatzgruppen) accompanied Germany's invasion of the USSR, killing half a million Jews by January 1942.[1] Experiments of gassing Jews occurred in Mogilev and Minsk September 3-18. Preparations for gassing at Chelmno began October 1941.[2] In November Jews of Kalisch district were murdered in mobile gas vans in Warthegau.[3] Eyewitness evidence suggests some Auschwitz prisoners were gassed in autumn 1941.[4] On December 8th 1941, the first Nazi killing centre employing Ziclon B began to operate in Chelmno, Poland and the first transport of Jews deliberately gassed occurred the month thereafter.[5] Hitler held discussions with Himmler December 1941 regarding the "Jewish Question"[6] as destinations for transporting Jews were demanded; Łódź, Minsk and Riga all full.[7] Göbbels wrote in his diary after Hitler's speech on December 12th, "[a]s regards to the Jewish question the Führer has decided to sweep the floor clean… The world war is upon us; the extermination of Jews is the necessary consequence".[8]
Heydrich, SS-Obergruppenführer and Chief of the Reich Main Security Office, and Eichmann, his assistant, commissioned a meeting "in the interest of achieving a common view among central agencies involved…"[14] The twelve attendees were senior officials of the Staatssekretäre. Most represented ministries with responsibilities for the Jewish question: Interior Minister; Justice; Four Year Plan; Reich Chancellery and Foreign Office.[15] Further representatives were from the Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories; Generalgouvernment; RSHA, Party and SS officials involved in race questions.[16]
Wannsee Protocol
The Protocol is mainly Heydrich's presentation, beginning with the aim, as ordered by Göring, "of clarifying fundamental questions…. concerning organisational policy, and technical prerequisites for the final solution…" ensuring "central organisations involved be brought together and their policies coordinated."[17] Thereafter, previous "solutions" for Jews are deemed "temporary relief",[18] and a plan to "evacuate" 11 million Jews remaining in Axis, occupied, neutral and enemy Europe "to the East" is presented.[19] Subsequently, participants debate measures dealing with Jews married to Gentiles and war-decorated Jews, Mischlinge (to be sterilised), quarter Jews (to be vetted) and full Jews (to be "evacuated").[20] There were two follow up meetings with subordinates of Wannsee's attendees, where mass-sterilisation was considered impractical and the issue of the Reich's Mischlinge remained unresolved.[21]
Final Solution after Wannsee
At the end of January Eichmann served notice that deportations were to be resumed as soon as transport bottlenecks allowed.[22] Nine days after Wannsee, ministers for the occupied Eastern Territories began treating Soviet Mischlinge as Jews.[23] At Auschwitz, the Birkenau building plans were not altered post-Wannsee to allow for new gas chambers and there were no operational differences.[24] There was also no methodological change at Iaski, Izbica, Zamosc and Warsaw, conforming to the pattern of "clearing operations" to make room for deportations, (only changing May-July 1942 when the killing program was greatly expanded).[25] A year after Wannsee the Generalgouvernment preparations for the deportation of Lublin Jews to Belzec gathered momentum.[26] Documents suggest Himmler's continual intervention in decisions on the retainment of Jewish manpower was significant to the expansion of murder in 1942.[27] Before 1942 less than 10% of all Holocaust victims died, though between March 1942 and February 1943, half of all Jews killed by the Nazis died.[28]
C. Evaluation of Sources
Source I: The Wannsee Protocol[29]
When Robert Kempner, in charge of prosecuting the German ministries at Nuremberg, unearthed the last copy of the Minutes in 1947, he deemed it "perhaps the most shameful document of modern history."[30] As the only available record of the Conference, the protocol is valuable in revealing the meeting's occurrences, its significance to the final solution and widespread state complicity in the bureaucratic planning of genocide.[31] It originated as notes, written by a stenotypist and was heavily edited by Eichmann and Heydrich to produce a document written in euphemisms and camouflage language. [32] It is "deliberately opaque,"[33] seen for example through the word "evacuation" a euphemism for elimination, serving the purpose of informing those with contextual knowledge and not shocking the unintended who could have come across this widely distributed Protocol. Such intentionally ambiguous terminology limits understanding of the meeting's precise purpose and role in the Final Solution, creating controversy on whether genocide was even discussed.[34] Considering the purpose of the conference was to establish clarity on fundamental questions,[35] the purpose of the protocol was to record what Heydrich wanted of the meeting which, whilst valuable in reflecting Heydrich's agenda for the implementation of the Solution, is limited by not specifying the individual roles of attendees.
Source II: Testimony in Jerusalem about the Wannsee Conference, Session 78, 79, 107 (June 23, 26, July 24 1961,) (testimony of Albert Eichmann).
Eichmann, "the chief architect of the Final Solution"[36], was convicted of War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity and hanged in Jerusalem in 1962.[37] Eichmann was actively involved at Wannsee, writing Heydrich's speech and overseeing the stenographer's record of the meeting, which Eichmann then edited. Wannsee's spirit, not reflected in the protocol, is revealed by Eichmann's first-hand description of "an atmosphere of agreement" and even "boundless enthusiasm" despite the "usually hesitating" Bühler and Stuckart. However, his reliability is questionable, considering he sought to "portray himself as dutiful errand boy, with neither initiative nor knowledge" [38] and focussing on supposed enthusiasm of the law-abiding state secretaries helps build Eichmann's case of conformity and obedience. A further limitation is the testimony's erratic organization[39] and incoherent answers, (e.g. discussion of the means of killing at Wannsee)[40] making it difficult to follow. Taking place almost two decades after the Holocaust, his specific recollections of Wannsee are sometimes lacking or flawed, as when he supposes that Kreuger, not even present, spoke about technical details of genocide. Nonetheless, Eichmann gives crucial insight into Wannsee's significance in ensuring widespread state complicity to genocide: "nail down the Secretaries of State, to commit them most bindingly, to catch them by their words."
D. Analysis
The Wannsee Conference is often regarded as the determining factor for the development of the Final Solution, reflected in Longerich's argument that the scope of deportation, (i.e. defining "who was Jewish, who was Mischling,") was a prerequisite for determining "who (if anybody) should be spared."[41] Thus Wannsee significantly broadened the scope of genocide involving Mischlinge, particularly in occupied territories,[42] de jure bearing historical responsibility. Additionally, both Heydrich's invitation letter and the protocol's opening convey the message of "a genocidal program only now taking shape".[43] Wannsee's controversial purpose leaves room for interpretation on its overall. Lannahan argues genocide had been decided earlier and the concept of a "coming Final Solution" part of Heydrich's self-aggrandisement plan and "love of the political limelight".[44] Eichmann's testimony supports the argument that Heydrich's focus was "to extend the scope of his influence."[45] Eichmann's testimony does serve to mitigate his personal role and portray Heydrich as the authority figure. Rees however, considers Wannsee a larger attempt on behalf of the SS to establish their "control of the whole deportation process."[46] The difficulty in understanding Wannsee's purpose frames the greater debate on its significance, though the protocol and invitation suggest that Himmler and his emissary considered it significant in determining the Holocaust. Wannsee's significance to the development of the Final Solution is based on its role of coordinating both prior killing initiatives and government organs. The necessity to coordinate the "variety of killing initiatives that had emerged from a number of sources within the Nazi state" in the autumn of 1941 is what Rees regards as Wannsee's purpose,[47] supported by Eichmann who says a "coordinated solution" was necessary.[48] Hence, Wannsee's importance can be seen as administrative, "…to ensure the cooperation of the various departments in conducting the deportations,"[49] further supported by attendees being of the Staatsekretare, the Reich's "essential medium of policy coordination."[50] However, if Wannsee was an administrative meeting for planning the coordination of previous initiatives and government cooperation, why ignore the pressing issues of finding destinations for transport? Claims that Wannsee significantly shaped deportation arraignments,[51] can be effectively disregarded when studying the list of attendees and the lack of any transport specialist or member of the Financial Ministry. Hence, Wannsee was not fully significant in determining the practical aspects of committing genocide but rather to the development of the Final Solution, by determining the scope of deportation, and planning government and policy cooperation for the Final Solution. Whilst Wannsee has been described as "the single most important event in the history of the Nazis' 'Final Solution'," this is, Rees argues, an epithet "it does not quite merit"[52] given that the bureaucracy of genocide was "decided elsewhere,"[53] though precisely where, when and by whom is subject to debate. Rees, taking a quasi-intentionalist stance, asserts Hitler's discussions in December 1941 were most significant to the decision making process given Hitler's agentive control "made all this suffering enter the world."[54] Göbbels' diary supports the intentionalist argument.[55] However, Overy and Roseman have examined Wannsee's role in the wider context of genocide, limiting it to "one of many stepping stones in the middle of a long messy process of turning vicious anti-Semitic discrimination into stark mass murder."[56] Nevertheless, Eichmann's testimony in which he claims the preparatory work (prior decisions and genocidal activity and gassing) were already "known to the participants of the Wannsee Conference", support the conclusion that genocide and its means were conceptualised elsewhere. Rees goes on to argue that in terms of Wannsee's role in developing the final solution, it did not catalyse genocide and was not fully causal to the great expansion of murder in 1942 by questioning why "the discussions at Wannsee had no immediate effect upon Auschwitz."[57] Browning insists that before killings became truly comprehensive, a further decision must have taken place, interpreting Wannsee as less significant to developments of the "Solution".[58] Roseman argues that "after Wannsee the operation didn't run like clockwork," demonstrating the lack of subsequent 'progress'; Eichmann's testimony crucially emphasizes that Himmler kept issuing orders."[59] The close relationship between Himmler's visits and development of extermination support Eichmann's claims.
E. Conclusion
The Wannsee conference was an important step in determining the scope of deportation for Eastern Europe, ensuring government and policy cooperation for the Final Solution. It did not cause the transition in policy but captured the already occurring transition of murderous deportations into full-scale genocide.
Nevertheless, Wannsee was insignificant in determining and inconsequential in engendering developments to the Final Solution. With neither a methodological break-through, nor a direct effect on the expansion of extermination, Wannsee's role remains simply administrative for the coordination of policy and cooperation of agencies. The path to genocide was overdetermined as Overy asserts, building on Eichmann's unreliable case and the ambiguities of the protocol. To better comprehend Wannsee in its context one should investigate further the origins of the Final Solution and how mass murder developed into the genocide that the twelve men at Wannsee gave their assent to.
F. Bibliography
Auron, Yair. The Pain of Knowledge: Holocaust and Genocide Issues in Education. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2005.
Browning, Christopher R., and Jürgen Matthäus. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
Browning, Christopher R. "A Final Hitler Decision for the "Final Solution"? The Riegner Telegram Reconsidered." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 10, no. 1 (1996): 3-10. Accessed January 26, 2016. doi:10.1093/hgs/10.1.3.
Büttner, Ursula, Werner Johe, Angelika Voss, and Werner Jochmann. Ideologie-Herrschaftssystem-Wirkung in Europa. Hamburg: Christians, 1986.
Gilbert, Martin. Holocaust Journey: Travelling in Search of the past. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Goñi, Uki. The Real Odessa: How Perón Brought the Nazi War Criminals to Argentina. London: Granta, 2002.
Kempner, Robert Max Wassili. Eichmann Und Komplizen. Zurich: Europa Verlag, 1961.
Lannahan, Mack. "The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution: How the Nazi Meeting Shaped Plans for the Jewish Extermination." Mack Lannahan Wordpress Articles. December 09, 2009. Accessed January 26, 2016. https://macklannahan.wordpress.com/2009/12/09/the-wannsee-conference-and-the-final-solution-how-the-nazi-meeting-shaped-plans-for-the-jewish-extermination/.
Lehrer, Steven. Wannsee House and the Holocaust. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000.
Longerich, Peter. Politik Der Vernichtung: Eine Gesamtdarstellung Der Nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung. München: Piper, 1998.
Overy, R. J., and R. J. Overy. Goering: Hitler's Iron Knight. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.
Overy, Richard. "Brandy, Cigars and Genocide." The Telegraph. January 13, 2002. Accessed January 26, 2016. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4727247/Brandy-cigars-and-genocide.html.
Pätzold, Kurt, and Erika Schwarz. Tagesordnung: Judenmord: Die Wannsee-Konferenz Am 20. Januar 1942: Eine Dokumentation Zur Organisation Der "Endlösung" Berlin: Metropol, 1998.
Rees, Laurence. Auschwitz: The Nazis & the 'final Solution' London: BBC Books, 2005.
Roseman, Mark. The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution: A Reconsideration. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002.
G. Appendix
Appendix 1: Glossary
Einsatzgruppen- (deployment groups): Mobile killing units used in the Eastern territories
Reichsmarshall- (Marshall of the Reich): highest rank in German Wehrmacht
SS-Obergruppenführer- (SS-Senior Group Leader): a Nazi paramilitary rank
Staatssekretäre- Secretaries of State
Generalgouvernement- (General Government): administrative unit consisting of those parts of Poland established by the Nazis on October 26, 1939
Mischling- (mixed blood): an individual with both Aryan and Jewish ancestry
[1]. Steven Lehrer, Wannsee House and the Holocaust (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000), 67. [2]. Mark Roseman, The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution: A Reconsideration (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002), 59. [3]. Peter Longerich, Politik Der Vernichtung: Eine Gesamtdarstellung Der Nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung (München: Piper, 1998), 210. [4]. Laurence Rees, Auschwitz: The Nazis & the 'final Solution' (London: BBC Books, 2005), 96. [5]. Roseman, Wannsee, 66. [6]. Rees, Auschwitz, 95. [7]. Roseman, Wannsee, 83. [8]. Roseman, Wannsee, 87. [9]. Rees, Auschwitz, 92. [10]. R. J. Overy, Goering: Hitler's Iron Knight (London: I.B. Tauris, 2012), 6. [11]. Christopher R. Browning and Jürgen Matthäus, The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004), 315. [12]. Roseman, Wannsee, 57. [13]. Rees, Auschwitz, 93. [14]. Kurt Pätzold and Erika Scharz, Tagesordnung: Judenmord die Wannsee Conference am 20. Januar 1942 (Berlin: Hentrich, 1995), 89. [15]. Roseman, Wannsee, 95. [16]. Ibid., 96. [17]. "The Wannsee Protocol" found in: Roseman, Wannsee, 95. [18]. Ibid., 152. [19]. Ibid,, 158-159. [20]. Roseman, Wannsee, 4. [21]. Complete Minutes of the March and October meetings available in: Robert Max Wassili Kempner, Eichmann Und Komplizen (Zurich: Europa Verlag, 1961), 165-180 and 255-267. [22]. Roseman, Wannsee Conference, 109. [23]. Gerlach, "Wannsee Conference," p.119; Beate Meyer, "Jüdische Mischlinge," Tassenpolitik und Vervolgungserfahrung, 1933-1945 (Hamburg: Dölling und Galitz Verlag, 1999), 90. [24]. Rees, Auschwitz, 95. [25]. Longerich, Politik der Vernichtigung, 448. Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sibor, Treblinka; The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987),75, 81, 322. Christopher Browning, "A final Hitler Decision for the 'Final Solution'? The Reigner Telegram Reconsidered," Holocaust and Genocide studies 10 (1996), 3-10 [26]. Pol, Judenpolitik, 109. [27]. Roseman, Wannsee, 155. [28]. Roseman, Wannsee, 148. [29] "The Wannsee Protocol" found in: Roseman, Wannsee, 157-172. [30]. Ursula Büttner et al., Ideologie-Herrschaftssystem-Wirkung in Europa (Hamburg: Christians, 1986), 108. [31]. Roseman, Wannsee Conference, 3. [32]. Ibid., 98. [33]. Rees, Auschwitz, 95. [34]. See ROSEMAN [35]. Roseman, Wannsee Conference, 99. [36]. Yair Auron, The Pain of Knowledge: Holocaust and Genocide Issues in Education (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2005), 20. [37]. Eichmann's specific role was facilitating and managing the logistics of mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in German-occupied Eastern Europe during the Second World War. [38]. Roseman, Wannsee, 97. [39]. One of Dr. Servatius' comments: "Which two little huts in the Lublin area? I'm asking you this question about the Conference." [40]. Eichmann, asked the systems of killing at Wannsee, stated: "they spoke about methods for killing, about liquidation, about extermination. I was busy with my records." After another ten questions on the topic of the means of extermination, Eichmann realizes that this is the subject of discussion: "Ah! the means of killing...." Dr. Servatius replies, "Q: That is what we are speaking about the means of killing." And later the plural "methods" was replaced by only one example: "they spoke about this; they spoke about shooting, but not about gas." [41]. Longerich, Politik Der Vernichtung , 14. [42]. Roseman, Wannsee Conference, 146. [43]. Roseman, Wannsee Conference, 107. [44]. Mack Lannahan, "The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution: How the Nazi Meeting Shaped Plans for the Jewish Extermination," Mack Lannahan Wordpress Articles, December 09, 2009, section goes here, accessed January 26, 2016. [45]. Testimony in Jerusalem about the Wannsee Conference, Session 78, 79, 107 (June 23, 1961,) (testimony of Albert Eichmann). [46]. Rees, Auschwitz, 93. [47]. Ibid. [48]. Testimony in Jerusalem about the Wannsee Conference, Session 78, 79, 107 (June 23, 1961,) (testimony of Albert Eichmann). [49]. Longerich, Politik Der Vernichtung, 310. [50]. Roseman, Wannsee conference, 82. [51]. Martin Gilbert, Holocaust Journey (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 43. [52]. Rees, Auschwitz, 92. [53]. Longerich, Politik Der Vernichtung, 310. [54]. Rees, Auschwitz, 95. [55]. Roseman, Wannsee, 87. [56]. Richard Overy, "Brandy, Cigars and Genocide," The Telegraph, January 13, 2002, section goes here, accessed January 26, 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4727247/Brandy-cigars-and-genocide.html. [57]. Rees, Auschwitz, 95. [58]. Christopher R. Browning, "A Final Hitler Decision for the "Final Solution"? The Riegner Telegram Reconsidered," Holocaust and Genocide Studies 10, no. 1 (1996): 6, accessed January 26, 2016, doi:10.1093/hgs/10.1.3. [59]. Roseman, Wannsee, 154.


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Green boys basketball tops GlenOak, grabs share of Federal lead
Josh Weir CantonRep.com sports writer @jweirREP
Balanced Bulldogs too much for GlenOak as their lead never dips into single digits in the second half.
GREEN Many players say it.
Ryan Smith says it, and then his actions back it up every single night for the Green High School boys basketball team.
"I don't really care about what my stat line is," the Bulldogs senior point guard said. "… However I can help the team."
It's a smart, unselfish attitude that permeates the Bulldogs, and it was on full display Friday night during Green's 58-45 Federal League win against visiting GlenOak.
The Bulldogs' lead never dipped into single digits after Zack Oddo made his third 3-pointer of the first half with 4:42 left in the second quarter. Green broke GlenOak's pressure for baskets, allowed nothing easy on the defensive end, dominated the boards and seemingly won every loose-ball battle.
That translated to an impressive win that has Green (7-1, 4-1) tied atop the league with GlenOak (7-3, 4-1). McKinley (6-2, 3-1) also has just one league loss.
Oddo, a 6-foot-5 sophomore, scored 14 of his game-high 19 points in the first half to go with 10 rebounds. No other Bulldog scored in double figures, but six others scored at least four points and made numerous winning plays.
Smith, one of the smallest players on the court (listed at a generous 5-11), scored six points, grabbed seven rebounds, dished out four assists and made life miserable for GlenOak ballhandlers.
Green head coach Mark Kinsley lauded "the toughness he brings us. I think the guys just feed off of him, defensively how disruptive he is, getting hands on balls. Not only him but Shea (Simmer) too, how they can really get out and pressure the other team's guards. And Ryan's been able to run our offense and get us into stuff."
Simmer (nine points, three assists) and fellow seniors Donovan O'Neil (eight points, four rebounds) and Alex Casper (four points, four rebounds) all had great moments Friday. Junior Nathan Smith (seven points) and sophomore Trey Martin (five points, five rebounds) came off the bench to complete an all-around performance that has come to be expected with this group.
"They're very unselfish," Kinsley said. "We have zero maintenance with them. They come in every day and work hard. They do what we ask. If we have practice at 10 o'clock, by 9:20 they're all here and ready to go.
"You just can't ask for anything more. I feel so fortunate to be able to coach a group like this."
That group is about to get its top dog back.
Senior Garrison Keeslar is nearing his return from an ankle injury that has kept him out the last six games.
The Golden Eagles battled but shot just 31.9 percent on a night they couldn't match the discipline and energy of Green.
"I think the most disappointing thing is just the physicality and the effort," GlenOak head coach Matt Hackenberg said. "I thought they were the most physical team on the court, and that's what we were trying to do."
Senior Christian Parker led GlenOak with 14 points, 11 rebounds and four blocked shots. Junior Sam Oliver added 11 points after battling through foul problems earlier in the game.
Green held a 35-26 advantage on the boards, and it felt bigger than that. GlenOak cut its deficit to 11 points after a couple of Oliver 3s with less than two minutes left. Green then missed the front end of a 1-and-1, but Casper out-fought the Golden Eagles for the rebound in a play that epitomized the evening.
"When we were bending over to pick up the ball, they were diving on it," Hackenberg said. "They play really well. They do the little things over and over and over again, and that leads to the success they have."
Reach Josh at 330-580-8426
or josh.weir@cantonrep.com
On Twitter: @jweirREP


text:
What does Truth and Reconciliation Mean to You?
You may have noticed you're receiving our monthly newsletter a couple of days early. While we usually send it out on the last day of the month, we chose to send it out on the 28th to create more space for Indigenous voices on September 30th, National Day for Truth and Reconciliation.
The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation asks that we take time this week to reflect on "What does Truth and Reconciliation Mean to You?" To that end, a number of our staff have shared their reflections with us in blog posts.
Anastasia Lintner shares her personal commitments to Reconciliation, Kathleen Cooper recalls a troubling memory from her childhood, and April Weppler talks about the first steps in her personal journey towards Truth and Reconciliation.
Indian Act Reserve Systems Removes Us From Our Homelands, to Exploit Our Precious Resources
Charles Hookimaw was born and raised in Attawapiskat First Nation, Canada. In this guest blog, he shares his first-hand account of what is going on with proposed resource developments, like the Ring of Fire, and the corporate players who benefit through acquiring claim stakes, assets, and company takeovers within Attawapiskat's Traditional Territory. As Charles urges, there must be full inclusion for First Nations before any development is agreed to if there is to be any so-called "reconciliation".
Truth & Reconciliation – Reflections by CELA's Executive Director, Theresa McClenaghan
As we mark September 30, the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, we at CELA are thinking about how the part of the justice sector we work in, environmental law, works or does not work for Indigenous communities.
What we know is that there is such an incredible amount of work still to do. Some Indigenous clients who we represent are still wrestling with a legacy of toxic contamination that occurred when governments gave no thought to the impact on their communities from licensing polluting activities. Others are still fighting for clean drinking water.
Many of our colleagues are working to improve the system, and inviting us to help, such as working toward a better drinking water legal system for First Nations. All too often, our Indigenous partners are battling to avoid having the formal rules of environmental approvals and consultation amount to more than mere "check-boxes." However there is incredible work going on right across Canada, on improving the involvement of indigenous communities in decision making for their communities, and in moving toward a time when indigenous legal traditions will be recognized properly in the broader Canadian legal context, including being cited as legal authority.
CELA will be continuing our work, our legal advocacy, our representation, and our law reform efforts, in conjunction with our Indigenous friends, partners, colleagues, and clients, toward the day when that happens.
Photo Credit – Andy Everson. www.andyeverson.com
Indigenous Resources & Representation
As a legal aid clinic and service provider, CELA is always available to work with Indigenous clients and First Nations communities on environmental protection matters, particularly where individuals or communities don't have access to other resources. Following are a selection of resources, cases, and law reform campaigns that relate to Indigenous issues and rights:
Source Water Protection in Indigenous Communities
With funding from the Law Foundation of Ontario, CELA with the tri-nations of Munsee-Delaware, Chippewas of the Thames and Oneida Nations developed a legal toolkit to address concerns from community members, whose historical use and enjoyment of the Thames River had been diminished, because of threats from industrial discharges and spills, sewage overflows, and the impact of phosphorus loading and pesticide use. This work built on previous efforts with Pays Plat First Nation and Grassy Narrows First Nation to address threats to source waters. CELA has since expanded its work in Southwestern Ontario, working with partners at the Southern First Nations Secretariat and youth in the Antler River Guardians.
Opposing the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act
Along with our First Nations colleagues, CELA opposed the proposed Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act. While the Act was welcomed in its intent to improve the health and safety of First Nations, it had the potential to undermine Aboriginal and treaty rights without significantly improving access to safe drinking water. More information is available here and here.
CELA presented to Chiefs of Ontario and to the Assembly of First Nations. about the importance of source water protection in Indigenous Communities.
Antler River Guardians from the 4 Directions
The Antler River Guardians From The 4 Directions (ARGFT4D) is an environmental youth engagement program established by Walpole Island First Nation (Bkejwanong Territory), Chippewa of the Thames First Nation, Aamjiwnaang First Nation, Caldwell First Nation, Thames River Clear Water Revival Steering Committee, MOECC, MNRF, UTRCA, LTVCA, Tides Dragonfly Fund, and CELA.
Northern Services
Through representation, CELA has supported the Friends of the Attawapiskat River in their actions to amplify the voice of Indigenous community members living downstream of the proposed Ring of Fire mineral development.
We were retained by Kebaowek First Nation in relation to an upcoming federal impact assessment of a proposed 780 km natural gas pipeline that stretches from northeastern Ontario to southern Quebec.
Grassy Narrows First Nation
With the support of the test case committee at Legal Aid Ontario for expert witnesses and translation, CELA represents Grassy Narrows First Nation in applying for judicial review of a forest management plan that authorized clear-cutting in their watershed. The application raised various Charter arguments, and also challenged the refusal of the Ontario government to order an environmental assessment of this harvesting activity despite clear evidence that it would release additional mercury into the watershed, on top of the historic mercury contamination from an upstream pulp and paper mill. In light of this litigation, the clear-cutting operations have not proceeded to date.
Photo Credit – Petri Bailey
New Database
CELA has recently adopted a new contact management database. We're excited about opportunities to better engage with you, but no new system is without its glitches. If you have any concerns about having received this newsletter (perhaps we used the wrong email address?), please don't hesitate to drop us a line at info@cela.ca. We appreciate your patience!
Court Declares Ontario Government Broke the Law
Earlier this month, the Ontario Divisional Court determined that the Government Of Ontario broke the law when it failed to comply with the public consultation requirements of Ontario's Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR). Specifically, in a decision released on September 3, 2021, it declared that the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing acted "unreasonably and unlawfully" in failing to consult with the public on changes to the Planning Act regarding Minister's Zoning Orders (MZOs).
"The Environmental Bill of Rights provides very significant tools for the people of Ontario to know about, and participate in, decisions that affect their environment. Complying with the Ontario EBR is not 'optional,'" said Theresa McClenaghan, Executive Director of the Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA). "In this decision, the Divisional Court has reaffirmed the requirement for the Ontario government to ensure those rights are provided to the public."
Read the full media release here.
Law Reform Updates
Submission on Proposed Regulation Requiring Conservation Authority to Authorize Development
CELA submitted comments on the province's proposed regulation to enable development under a Ministerial Zoning Order. The regulation would set a timeframe for permission to be issued and for an ecological compensation agreement to be signed under s.28.0.1 of the Conservation Authorities Act for development on lands described in Ontario Regulation 568/21.
CELA recommends that consultation immediately cease and that no decision be made, until such time as additional detail (including a draft regulation) and an adequate comment period are provided to allow the public to meaningfully participate in the decision‐making, pursuant to the intent of Ontario's Environmental Bill of Rights, 1993.
The full submission is available on our website here.
Anticipating the Fate of Key Environmental Legislation
With the most recent federal election now completed, there is growing anticipation of the fate of key federal environmental bills including Bill C-28, an Act to amend the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), and Bill C-230, An Act respecting the development of a national strategy to redress environmental racism. Both of these pieces of legislation died on the order paper with the dissolution of Parliament.
CELA will watch for the government's commitment to these bills and continue to call for their strengthening, particularly changes to CEPA, which will protect the most vulnerable populations and the environment.
Photo Credit – Fe de Leon
Effects of Toxic Substances on Great Lakes Fish Health, and What it Means for the Health and Wellbeing of People and Communities
12:00pm – 1:15pm ET // 11:00am – 12:15pm CT
The Toxics-Free Great Lakes Binational Network, Blue Fish Canada, and the Great Lakes Fish Health Network invite you to a binational webinar on the impacts of toxic substances on the health of fish. Learn about past and emerging toxic substances in the Great Lakes basin, how fish health is being impacted, and what this means for human health, Indigenous cultures, and the social and economic sustainability of shoreline communities.
Full event information, and a link to register, are available here.
Get the Lead Out of Drinking Water – A Hamilton Case Study
12:00-1:00pm ET // 11:00am-12:00pm CT
The presence of lead in our drinking water is a crucial public health issue – this webinar will provide a brief overview of the health impacts of lead and identify recommendations for a permanent policy solution that protects everyone. Focusing on the community of Hamilton but open to everyone, we want to hear from you – how is lead impacting the place you live, learn, work and play? Together, we'll talk about how we can advocate for change and ensure we can all enjoy safe drinking water.
Water Conversations – Episode Three: What Does it Mean for Water? A Post-Election Analysis
Thursday, October 21st, 2021
1:00 – 2:00 pm ET // 12:00 – 1:00 pm CT
As the dust settles after the recently held federal election, we'd like to talk with you about what the result means for water. Do you have questions about the impacts and opportunities for water policy and protection? Who are the knowledge holders you'd like to hear from? Share your ideas with us in this short form as we prepare to host this important conversation.
More information and registration will be posted on our website closer to the date of the Conversation.
Justice & Health Community Forum: An Environmental Law Lens on the Social Determinants of Health
12:00 – 2:00 pm ET // 11:00am – 12:00pm CT
The Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA) is pleased to be co-hosting a Community Forum with the Community Advocacy & Legal Centre (CALC) discussing environmental health and justice perspectives on the social determinants of health. The session will talk about CELA's work on access to justice, pollution prevention, and public health and safety, with a particular focus on how we address climate change impacts on vulnerable communities, our work to protect drinking water, indoor environmental health issues, and exposures to toxic substances.
Sustainability Network – Legal Toolkit
Hosted by Anastasia Lintner of CELA and including numerous lawyers from CELA, Ecojustice, and The Commission for Environmental Cooperation, the Toolkit is designed to educate nonprofits active in the environmental field about the legal tools available to protect our air, water, land, and human health
Participants will receive a nuts and bolts overview of the laws that protect our environment, have access to 11 Legal Toolkit recordings, and receive a link to join the Zoom Meeting Sessions on November 17th and 18th. Complete event information and registration is available here.


Arper is an Italian home, office and contract furniture company established in 1989.
Environmental quality and sustainability together with the use of low-emitting recyclable materials are the cornerstones of Arper's production policy. This is why in 2005 Arper set up an environmental team dedicated to controlling and managing product environmental impact from cradle to grave.
Arper furniture collections are distributed via an international sales network and displayed in showrooms in strategic cities worldwide including Milan, London, Cologne, Stockholm, New York and Dubai.
Arper collaborated with Lievore Altherr Molina to produce a series of classic products. They include the family of Catifa chairs which have sold over a million units since 2001.
Arper has called upon other leading international designers to create its chairs, tables, sofas, stools and small armchairs. Jean-Marie Massaud, Simon Pengelly, Ichiro Iwasaki, James Irvine, Antti Kotilainen and Rodolfo Dordoni have all worked on Arper collections.
Arper has its own global environmental policy, which aims to minimise its environmental impact. For example, the leg base on the Catifa 46 chair is made from 41% recycled materials and is 99% recyclable.
As a trusted Arper furniture dealer, we have access to their entire catalogue of products and can help you to order pieces at the most competitive prices. Get in touch and speak to one of our team about your requirements.


SPA Safety Systems is family owned and operated in conjunction with West Chester Machinery. West Chester has built, rented and sold dust control trucks for the on and off-road markets around the world for over 31 years. The same spirit and drive that has made West Chester successful has been applied to the work zone safety business.
SPA Safety Systems operates in the most stringent and DOT regulated environment for TMA trucks in this country. If we can build, rent, and sell successfully in New Jersey market think what we can do for your needs in your state!
All of the TMA builders across this country buy used trucks from the same suppliers.So what separates us from the rest? Pride, passion, and the values that come from a family run business. This is what has made America and it's contractors as strong as they are today. We strive to live up to our name and reputation everyday.
Visit SPA Safety and make us your last and final stop in your quest for a TMA or Cone truck. You then will join our family of many satisfied customers across this country that have added one of our trucks to their fleet.
TMA, Cone, and Scissor Lift Trucks Custom Built to Your Specifications.


text:
Abstract Sub Committee
Deepak Mehta
Manuel Contreras
Maria Rashid
Michael Flood
Senior Lecturer in Sociology, University of Wollongong, Australia
Dr Michael Flood is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology in University of Wollongong, Australia. His research agenda focuses on gender, sexuality, and interpersonal violence. He conducts research on the organisation of heterosexual men's social and sexual lives and relations and more widely on gender and sexual relations – their social organisation and meaning, shifts in these, and efforts to change them. Dr Flood's research at present is focused in particular on interpersonal violence and its prevention, particularly with reference to men and masculinities. He is the lead editor of an international encyclopedia on men and masculinities (Routledge), he has presented invited papers at international gatherings held at the United Nations (New York) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (Bangkok).
Poonam Kathuria
SWATI, India
PoonamKathuria is founder and director of SWATI (Society for Women's Action and Training Initiatives), a feminist advocacy, education and research organization in Gujarat. She is a leading activist,organizer, researcher and educator at local and international levels.Her most recent publications are a study of women's shelters in Gujarat titled, From Being Shelters to Becoming Homes- Situation Analysis and Recommendations based on a study of Shelter Homes in Gujarat. She is also the editor of a forthcoming co-edited collection: From a Feminist Lens - Women's Voices, Modes of Campaigning and Non-Violent Ways of Resistance (tentative title) to be published by Zubaan books.
She is also the Dame Nita Barrow Distinguished Visitor for 2014 at Ontario Institute forStudies in Education, University of Toronto
Ravi Verma
International Centre for Research on Women, India
Dr Ravi Verma is Regional Director, Asia Regional Office, ICRW (International Centre for Research on Women) based in New Delhi. In this role, Ravi leads ICRW's local and regional efforts to conduct research, provide technical support, build capacity and partake in policy dialogue on an array of issues, including women's empowerment, preventing domestic violence, engaging men and boys to promote gender equity, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and economic development. With a background in Social Sciences and specialization in health education and promotion and social demography, Ravi has worked at the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), an apex demographic institute in Mumbai, and provided leadership to the South Asian regional HIV/AIDS operations research program at Population Council prior to joining the ICRW ARO. He is a member of several national and international bodies and has several peer-reviewed publications to his credit.
Todd Minerson
Ghida Anani
ABAAD-Resource Center for Gender Equality, Lebanon
Founder and Director of ABAAD-Resource Center for Gender Equality, Lebanon, from 2011 onwards. Also worked as a manager of the Engaging Men in EVAW Program and Head of the Child Sexual Abuse Unit (2005 -11), KAFA (enough) Violence and Exploitation.
Habibur Rahaman
Program Head, Gender Justice and Diversity, BRAC, Bangladesh
Habibur Rahman has started his journey with BRAC from January 2013. He works to integrate gender mainstreaming providing advice and support at the national and international level. He is enthusiastically involved in the movement for women's human rights in Bangladesh. He is also an active founder member of Men Engagement Network from Bangladesh.
In the field of Masculinities and Men Engagement he is actively involved in preparing training manuals, modules and communication materials. He is now closely working with Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka as a facilitator at different lecture series and workshops on the subject of Masculinities and Engaging Men and Boys.
He is one of the premier gender and diversity experts in Bangladesh working in this sector for over 16 years. Previously he has worked as a Gender Equity and Diversity Advisor in CARE Bangladesh. His key areas of expertise are gender and diversity framework analysis, application and institutionalization; grievance management; capacity building, behavior change & communication material development and networking.
He holds a postgraduate degree in Political Science from University of Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1985.
James Lang
Partners For Prevention, UK
James Lang is the Programme Coordinator for P4P (Partners for Prevention). As a development practitioner, trainer and author with special interests in gender-based violence prevention and engaging men and boys in working towards gender equality, James previously served as the UNDP's Regional Gender Programme Advisor, also in the Asia-Pacific region. Prior to that, James worked for UNDP in Laos and Sri Lanka, the Family Violence Prevention Fund in San Francisco, and Oxfam Great Britain in the UK. He has published numerous articles, facilitated online discussions and edited books on the topics of poverty, men and gender, gender-based violence prevention and other development issues.
Jens Van Tricht
International gender and masculinity expert, member MenEngage, Netherlands
International gender and masculinity expert and independent consultant, supporting professionals working with men and boys in Amsterdam. Jens has worked with international peace builders and teenage school boys on the issue of masculinity and violence, with policemen on the role of men in diversity policy, and with younger and older men on vulnerability and strength. As a consultant, he has organized meetings about men and gender justice for many different organizations, focussing on the connections between men and women, the personal and the political, and the local and the global.
Jerker Edstrom
Institute Of Development Studies (IDS), Brighton, UK
A 20 year career in international development with 17 years work experience in HIV/AIDS, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Population, Development, Gender and Poverty in a range of development organisations and developing countries. Jerker's areas of expertise include strong technical skills in HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health and rights; strategic planning and programme development; organisational management, team building and development; multi- faceted rapid assessment and response design methodology; inter-disciplinary research synthesis and evidenced-based policy formulation; proposal development and writing; and multidisciplinary post-graduate training in demography, development economics, basic epidemiology, health planning, project planning, statistical analysis and research methodology.
Laxman Belbase
Save The Children, Nepal
Laxman Belbase works at Save the Children, in Kathmandu, Nepal. Active member of development community for the last 10 years, Laxman advocates around human rights of children and women. He has good understanding on child rights-based programming and socio-economic pillars of holistic and sustainable development and strategic visioning for national programs/offices, partners' regional and global programs, especially on child protection, health and gender mainstreaming. Laxman works around engaging boys and young men in creating safe spaces for children, women and themselves at community level and generate community mobilisation to address larger human rights issues of women and children, including addressing masculinities and violence prevention.
Lena Karlsson
Save the Children, Sweden
Lena Karlsson is a business economist (organizational development) with a Master's Degree in Development Studies and with a significant global experience in human rights, children's rights, gender and child protection. Her professional experience consists of 20 years of progressively responsible positions in Europe, Africa and Asia, for UN agencies and international NGOs on programming, management, fundraising, coordination, organizational development, research, community mobilization, advocacy, communication and capacity building.
Leyla Sharafi
UNFPA, USA
Technical Specialist in UNFPA on Culture, Gender Equality and Human Rights. Prior to joining UNFPA, Leyla worked for the UN Development Fund for Women. She specializes in and manages global projects pertaining to engaging men and boys in gender equality.
Marisa Viana da Silva
The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID)
Marisa is Young Feminist Activism Manager in AWID. Marisa has been a youth rights and environmental social justice advocate for more than 12 years. Marisa's commitment and dedication to the empowerment of young women and gender equality is deeply rooted in her experiences growing up in a resource-poor area of the Amazon where discrimination and violence against women continues to be the norm. Marisa is a Brush Foundation Fellow for her commitment and leadership in the field of reproductive health and a co-founder of the Movement of Adolescents and Youth in Positive Causes - MACAP - a volunteer based youth-led organization promoting the health and rights of adolescents and young people in Amazonas.
Michael Kimmel
Professor of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA
Michael Kimmel is among the world's leading experts on men and masculinity. Professor of Sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA, he has authored/edited several books on the topic. He has lectured at more than 200 colleges and universities and consults with corporations, NGOs and public-sector organizations all over the world on gender equity issues, including work-family balance, reducing workplace discrimination and promoting diversity. He has consulted with all the Ministries for Gender Equality in the Nordic countries and has delivered the International Women's Day lecture at the European Parliament, the Council of Europe, the European Commission and the European Space Agency.
Oswaldo Montoya
MenEngage Alliance Global, USA
Oswaldo Montoya is the MenEngage Global Coordinator. He is a Nicaraguan psychologist and one of the founders of the Men's Group Against Violence in Managua, which was the first men's group of this kind in Central America. For over twenty years he has served as an educator, activist, program officer, researcher, consultant and counsellor engaging men and boys in the efforts to build a more gender equitable society free from violence and discrimination. Oswaldo worked with Puntos de Encuentro, a feminist organization in Nicaragua, with Save the Children and with Emerge (in Cambridge, Massachusetts), providing counselling to Latino men who engage in violence.
Peter Douglas Weller
CariMAN, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Dr. Weller is chairman of CariMAN, the Caribbean Male Action Network, which is a regional not-for-profit organisation, registered under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. CariMAN's work is geared towards increasing the number of men and men's organizations engaged in the promotion of social justice including bringing to an end all forms of violence including violence against women, children and men.
Sanjay Srivastava
Professor of Sociology, Institute of Economic Growth, India
Dr. Sanjay Srivastava is a professor of Sociology at the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi. He has authored several key publications on issues of sexuality, modernity, class, urbanism, masculinity, violence, post colonialism, culture, etc. He is on the editorial board of several journals including being Co-editor to Contributions to Indian Sociology, Member, Editorial Board,Routledge InternationalEncyclopaedia of Men and Masculinities and Member, Editorial Committee,Culture, Society and Masculinities. Dr. Srivastava has been associated with several civil society organisations and providing support in various capacities on their gender programmes. He is also a member of is a member of South Asian Network to Address Masculinities (SANAM).
Suneeta Dhar
JAGORI, India
Suneeta Dhar currently serves as director of JAGORI (India), a well-known feminist resource and training centre in New Delhi. A passionate advocate of women's rights and active in the women's movement throughout India and South Asia, she has worked on a wide range of issues including ending violence against women and its intersections with HIV, adult and popular education, gender training and organizational development, and peace and development.


Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga – 585102, Karnataka, India.
As per our previous paper published (AJRC vol. 04, issue 7, 2011), here some more substituted novel isoxazole derivatives were synthesized to enhance its biological activities, so we found that the ortho and meta position has shown highest activity than para, particularly Nitro substituted groups have shown good activity than others. The present research work was aimed to synthesize some novel substituted isoxazole derivatives and screened them for anti-microbial and analgesic activities. The prevalence of isoxazole cores in natural and biologically active molecules has stimulated the need for elegant and efficient ways to make these heterocycles as lead. In this research work the 3-substituted N-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) propanamides (B1-B10) were prepared by the reaction of N-(4-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide (A) with various substituted aryl aldehydes by refluxing in ethanol. The resultant compounds on refluxing with hydroxylamine hydrochloride gave the title compounds 4-(5'-substituted-aryl-4', 5'-dihydro-isoxazole-3'-yl-amino) phenols (C1-C10). The structure of newly synthesized compounds has been characterized and established by spectral data viz, FT-IR, 1HNMR and Mass. All the derivatives synthesized were subjected for their anti-bacterial and antifungal activities by cup-plate method at the concentration level of 100 ?g/ml and compared with the standard Amoxicillin and clotrimazole used. Some of the compounds were subjected for their possible analgesic activity by tail-flick method at the dose of 50 mg/kg and compared with that of standard paracetamol.
Isoxazoles derivatives, antimicrobial activity and analgesic activity.
Sudheendra, Moid A.. Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Screening of Novel Substituted Isoxazole Derivatives. Asian J. Research Chem. 5(1): January 2012; Page 69-73.


Magical Memorabilia is Australian owned and has three key components to its business, namely custom picture framing, memorabilia and fundraising. All our memorabilia is soiurced by the licensees of products.
At Magical Memorabilia we purchase only the best of products that have been certified, licensed and authenticated. We provide the best products and service to our customers at the lowest prices possible. We take great pride in our business, our commitment to customer service and in the products we sell.
If at any stage there is an item we do not have listed please feel free to call us or send an email and will endeavour to source the item for you.
We also custom frame anything from those personal memories such as photo's, family portraits, baby photo's, certificates, wedding items (jewellery, shoes, grooms tie & socks), military items, football jersey,s boxing gloves, cricket bats, balls, posters, cricket tops, netball uniforms, footballs. In fact we thrivee on frmaing those unusual items. We are more than willing to provide an obligation free quote for any customer. All our framing methods and priducts are neautral free and we can meet all budgets.
Our online store is designed to provide you with a safe and secure environment to browse our product catalogue.


Thirty Oregon Wines in Thirty Days, Day 13! | the wine snob.
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Hi Marty! Thanks for your comment, I hope you're taking good care of Justin and the Greene Street crew! Life is good out here.