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Jusoor Events
Health-Tech Startup Wins The Startup Roadshow Finals In Amman
Amman, November 6th – Syrian-led Health-tech startup Spermly won the first prize at the Startup Roadshow 2.0 Final Demo Day on November 4th, which was held in Amman, Jordan. The Gaziantep-based startup, which has created a Computer-Aided Semen Analysis (CASA) software for quality analysis, took home a cash prize of $15.000.
"Winning the Startup Roadshow makes me feel energised and encouraged to pursue my entrepreneurial ambitions. Hopefully, this will be the first step towards a successful journey for this startup. The next steps are utilising this award to reach out to early adopters, both at local and neighbouring markets, before seeking international investors to scale up with biotech machine learning applications," says Abdulrahman Baki, founder of Spermly.
Medicine Box, an Amman-based startup that creates a Medicine Bank for vulnerable people to access healthcare at half the price, won the second prize, worth $10.000. Finally, Jellyfish, a social enterprise based in Lebanon that creates accessories out of recycled plastic, took home the third prize, worth $7.000.
The three winners will also get an all-expense-paid trip to Amsterdam, to pitch at SPARK's Ignite conference on November 27th. Therapist House, an Educational Startup based in Gaziantep, won the People's Choice Awards through live voting during the event, taking home a cash prize of $2.000.
The Startup Roadshow is the world's first competition for Syrian entrepreneurs in the Middle East. Organized by Jusoor and SPARK in partnership with Startups Without Borders, the competition took on the mission to scout and train startup teams in 5 key cities in the Middle East: Beirut, Amman, Erbil, İstanbul, and Gaziantep, in search for the region's top 3 Syrian-led startups and future business leaders.
"Seeing all the entrepreneurs from Syrian, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and all different communities in the bootcamp, their positivity and their energy and their commitment to make the world a better place. The Startup Roadshow demo day was not meant to be a single event, but a starting point for the work that must be done to empower Syrian entrepreneurs across the Middle East and the world." says Grace Atkinson, Executive Director of Jusoor.
First launched in 2018, the competition this year extended beyond the Bootcamps, through a partnership with Techstars to host a series of Startup Weekend Refugee Edition, across the five cities. The competition also included a series of live digital mentorship sessions on a variety of topics, including Business Modelling, Digital Marketing, and Storytelling for startups.
"We're happy to wrap up a long journey for a group of Syrian entrepreneurs from the region, who went through a series of training, capacity building, competitions, startup weekend, and came up with their business models. The competition was very hard, to the point that they made it hard for us judges, to decide. The winners really deserved it; the progress was visible. We can't wait to receive them in Amsterdam at the Ignite Conference," says Mohamed Skaik, SPARK's Regional Business Development Manager for MENA.
The Final Demo Day was held at the Zain Innovation Campus (ZINC), in Amman's Business Park, and hosted a series of talks and panels by key players in the Middle Eastern startup space.
The event kicked off with a session led by Patrick Bosteels, CEO of Stage-Co Turkey, on what success looks like for a startup: from incubators, to funding, to accelerators.
"The Startup Roadshow 2 by Jusoor and Spark supported by Startups Without Borders shows again the importance of solidarity and collaboration we need in our region; perhaps more importantly, it is a message of hope and the way out of sometimes endless years of waiting to finally settle and build a future. We have a long way to go but we must ensure that not a whole generation is lost," says Patrick Bosteels, CEO of Stage-Co Turkey.
Khaled ElAhmad, Marketing Director at Baaz and one of the most prominent figures in digital marketing, delved into his journey building Digital Identity, leading up to a panel on Impact Investment and refugee-lens investing, which featured Khaleel Najjar, Senior Program Manager at Mercy Corps' Youth Impact Lab, Rasha Manna, SDG Impact Advisor at UNDP, and Jusoor's Executive Director Grace Atkinson, and Feras Alsaab, Director of Technical Education at Re:Coded.
Saleem Najjar, the Syrian mastermind behind Sharqi Shop – who was one of the winners of the Startup Roadshow 2018 – took on the stage for a fireside chat alongside Ali Hili, Entrepreneurship Consultant at Zain Iraq, to narrate his journey and offer hands-on advice to entrepreneurs that flew all the way from Beirut, Istanbul, Gaziantep, and Erbil, to pitch on stage.
The three winning teams will now take off to The Netherlands, where they will present their startups on stage during SPARK's Annual Ignite conference on November 27th.
For press enquiries contact:
Valentina Primo | Startups Without Borders
Email: valentina@startupswb.com
Posted on November 6, 2019 in Awards, Entrepreneurship, Jusoor news, Startup Roadshow
Build bridges to education on #Giving Tuesday
Jusoor's Jarahieh educational centre shortlisted for prestigious architecture award
Meet the Startup Roadshow's Winners as they Take Off to Pitch in Amsterdam
The Jusoor Hardship Fund is helping Syrian students pursue their dreams of higher education
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JUSOOR Copyright © 2012 All Rights Reserved. Jusoor, E.I. Number 45-3842245, is a Michigan nonprofit corporation that has received a ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service that it is a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Contributions are tax-deductible to U.S. taxpayers to the extent provided in section 170 of the Code. Jusoor is also affiliated with Jusoor Canada (a Canadian registered charity under number 85063 3371), and Jusoor UK (a registered charity in England under number 1154168). While these organizations work closely together they are independent corporations and a donor can donate to any one of them.
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Debi Studer (21 de mayo de 1985) es una deportista suiza que compite en ciclismo en la modalidad de trials.

Ganó dos medallas en el Campeonato Mundial de Ciclismo Urbano, plata en 2019 y bronce en 2017, y una medalla de bronce en el Campeonato Europeo de Ciclismo de Montaña de 2016.

Palmarés internacional

Referencias

Ciclistas de trial de Suiza
Nacidos en Basilea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Work-life balance is a myth. It's time for women to stop blaming themselves and start demanding change.
Ann-Marie Slaughter's new book 'Unfinished Business' claims to solve the problem of 'work-life balance', extrapolating from Slaughter's much-discussed article in the Atlantic, where she revealed why she quit a prestigious washington career to spend more time with her two sons. The piece was titled 'Why women still can't have it all.' ''Having it all,' to be clear, does not mean 'time to write a book, the total destruction of capitalist patriarchy and my very own puppy,' which is what I'd have if I had everything I wanted. No, the 'it all' that every girl is supposed to want has a very specific meaning: it means the ability to simultaneously meet the demands of marriage, children and a high-powered career. Slaughter fails to ask whether this is what all women do want, or should want - but even within such a narrow scope, her solutions are timid.
The message of "Unfinished Business" is that in order to keep everyone happy, you must simply try harder. It's difficult to please your boss, your husband and your kids at once, so you must think harder about how you're going to do it without dissolving into a tangle of shredded nerves in a crumpled skirt-suit. All of this is just an updated version of what we have been told for centuries: women are supposed to work twice as hard as men, for half the reward, a saying I've always understood as a coded threat.
Somehow, modern women have allowed ourselves to be convinced that the right to work outside 'the home' is the only liberation that matters - never mind that working-class women and women of colour have always worked outside the home. Slaughter isn't really talking to them, a fact that she acknowledges in three lines in the introduction, before going back to reframe the debate towards those women lucky enough enough to have a supportive partner, a lucrative career, and the option to pay other people to look after their kids sometimes. Note that nobody is asking whether the nanny can have it all, even if she wants it.
For those few women who might be able to have 'it all', the programme sounds utterly exhausting. As I toiled through the latter chapters of career advice, wondering exactly when this notional working mother is meant to sleep, I realised with horror that Slaughter is talking to me. Specifically to me, and to people like me- middle-class, largely white women in professional careers who are at the stage of thinking seriously about how we might to juggle work and children. We're not supposed to ask if we want to do that, only how we'll manage.
I'm twenty-nine years old. It is possible that my biological clock is ticking, but I don't know, because I can't hear it over the racket of propaganda from the media, the movies, friends and relatives, all of it exhorting me and every other woman of so-called 'childbearing age' to settle down and make babies before it's too late.
Actually, I'd love to have a child someday. But in this unequal world, my circumstances seem to be aligning so that what I would have to sacrifice in order to make that happen is more than I'm able, or willing to give. That's not an admission of weakness. It's a statement of priorities of the kind which women and girls are encouraged not to make in public. Instead, we are supposed to hoard up our guilt in private - whatever it is we eventually choose. If we put our careers first, we're selfish. If we devote ourselves to children and care work, we're lazy, or we're spoiled. If we try to juggle both at once, we're unable to give either our full attention. The engine of capitalist patriarchy runs on the dirty fuel of women's shame, so whatever we choose, the important thing is that we blame ourselves. That way, we don't blame the system.
Little boys don't get sold this nonsense They're not encouraged to worry about how they'll balance their roles as husbands and fathers with paid work. Family life, for men, is not supposed to involve a surrendering of the self, as it is for women. Young men do not worry about how they will achieve a 'work-life' balance, nor does the 'life' aspect of that equation translate to 'partnership and childcare.' Not for men. When commentators speak of women's 'work-life balance', they're not talking about how much time a woman will have, at the end of the day, to work on her memoirs, or travel the world. 'Life', for women, is simply another word for work, a route-march through child-rearing and domestic labour which is assumed to be the ultimate destination of every woman's passions. 'Life', for men, is meant to be bigger than that.
It's not that I don't respect the choice to devote yourself to raising children. On the contrary - I can't stand the overplayed phobia of maternity that has become fashionable amongst parts of the young left, the sneering at 'mummy clothes' and avoidance of 'nappy valley'. The more of my friends and colleagues that have children, the more I respect the enormity of the project, the tremendous efforts and risks involved. Childcare is vital, demanding work, work that we urgently need to stop devaluing- and we can only do that when we start giving women and girls real alternatives.
More than anything, Slaughter's book is a missed opportunity. The radical truth at the core of her story is that even a woman with all of her privilege - a lucrative, prestigious career, a loving, supportive husband and a boss who happened to be Hilary Clinton- even she could not make it work. She could not 'have it all'. The obvious conclusion ought to be that that the 'work-life balance' is a lie of leviathan proportions. Instead, Slaughter falls back to a type of magical thinking, at once tragic and predictable: we can achieve 'work-life balance' if we just work harder.
At a time when womanhood is still presumed to involve endless, exhausting work, it strikes me that the young women of the 21st century need to rediscover our inner Bartleby. Every page of 'Unfinished Business' makes me think: I would prefer not to. Spend eighteen years raddled with guilt and exhaustion, trying to fulfil all the expectations of paid work and motherhood at once? I would prefer not to. I've got things to do. I still haven't finished season 5 of Battlestar Galactica! I still haven't been rascally drunk in a Moscow gay bar! I've got books to read! Adventures to have! And sure, I could do some of that whilst balancing a baby on one knee and a briefcase on the other….but I would prefer not to.
The truth about 'work-life balance' is that it doesn't exist. It never has existed, and unless we radically rethink our attitude to work and care, it never will. There it is. That's the truth nobody wants to acknowledge. You can't 'have it all,' not even if you're in the lucky minority who can afford to pay someone else to take care of your kids, so stop trying, and stop blaming yourself. There. Now we've got that sorted out, it's time to think about other options.
This is still an unequal world. But women are freer than we've ever been to build independent lives, to refuse to be bullied or shamed into lives we did not choose. We can't 'have it all' when the system is broken. It's time and beyond time for women to start asking what else we want- starting, perhaps, with a fairer deal.


Army Community Service offers a variety of free employment and professional development classes and workshops. Here's an abbreviated list. You'll find much more at benning.armymwr.com.
Learn to capitalize on your volunteer time in How Giving Back Pays Off, a free class offered by Army Community Service from 9am to 2pm Feb. 2 at ACS headquarters in Building 7 on Baltzell Avenue. Use your volunteer experience to enhance your resume, your college application, and your career. To reserve your spot, email Jessica.l.horton22.civ@mail.mil.
In conjunction with the class, ACS will host a Volunteer Fair, from 10am to 2pm, also at ACS headquarters. Plan to interview with local companies and organizations who can give you the volunteer experience you need to succeed. For more information, call 706-545-3016.
* Enhancing Employment Opportunities with Social Media, from 9am-noon February 7. To register, call 706-545-4043.
* Smart Car Buying will help you learn the true cost of ownership, the fair price of a vehicle, how to pre-finance, tips on trade-ins, and more. This class is 1-2:30pm February 7. To register, call 706-545-7517.
* Job Strategy Workshop from 9am-noon February 12. To register, call 706-545-4043.
* 10 Steps to a Federal Job from 9am-4pm February 26. Participants receive a free copy of the Job Seeker's Guide, a value of $19.To register, call 706-545-4043.
* Interview Skills Workshop from 9am-noon February 28. To register, call 706-545-4043.
The Employment Readiness Program hosts free classes for military spouses each month at neighborhood event rooms. You may attend any and all of these classes in any village. These classes include information on the job search, resume development, scholarships and education goals. The next class is 6-8pm February 27 at the Patton Village Event Room. To register, call 706-545-4043.


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It's available for ??35.00 (around $69) from Asos, who for some strange reason have it in the men's section of their website… Hey Asos, girls can be geeks too, y'know!


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Mauritania: Internet access back after 10-day blackout
July 5, 2019 at 1:25 am | Published in: Africa, Mauritania, News
Mauritanian on a map
Mauritanian authorities restored Internet access on mobile phones late Wednesday after a 10-day blackout.
The authorities had cut off access to the internet on 23 June, following the outbreak of protests and riots against the initial results of the presidential election, which resulted in the victory of the ruling party's candidate Mohamed Ould El-Ghazouani.
On 28 June, the authorities partially restored internet access, before granting Mauritanians full connectivity on Wednesday night.
Earlier, the government justified cutting off access to the internet as a "precautionary measure for security reasons," asserting that internet connectivity would be back after making sure that the reasons that prompted the authorities to take such preventative step in the first place are over.
READ: Tutankhamen head set for London auction despite Egyptian protests
Nouakchott has returned to stability after days of demonstrations following the presidential elections.
The Mauritanian Ministry of the Interior announced the arrest of 100 foreigners of African nationalities, claiming that the detainees have "participated in the protests."
On 22 June, former army chief of staff Ould El-Ghazouani won the Mauritanian presidential elections by 52 per cent of votes, while the opposition refused to recognise the results of the elections and considered them "forged."
AfricaMauritaniaNews

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Big Sky ConferenceMontana State Bobcats
David Smith, Junior Adams among ex-Montana State players anticipating semifinal game vs. South Dakota State
By: Asher Lynde
GREAT FALLS — Between Montana State stockings, flags and helmets, it's easy to see David Smith's is a Bobcat home. He did play football for them, after all, and is keeping close tabs on the team as it prepares to play in the FCS playoff semifinals on Saturday at South Dakota State.
Smith found his way to Bozeman during the recruiting process in high school and said the focus on academics stood out to him.
"They weren't at the top of my list," Smith said. "But they focused on making sure student-athletes had good educational value and that stood out to me more often than the other stuff."
Still, there are plenty of football memories Smith relives from his Bozeman glory days, including when MSU won the Brawl of the Wild over archrival Montana his senior year. The Griz won 16 in a row before that, the longest winning streak for either school in the rivalry's history.
"2002 was the year that we finally got that monkey off our back," he said. "There's been plenty of memories over the years. Too many to pick one that stands out. I know that was a pretty pivotal time in terms of leading up to what's happening now at MSU."
Another former Bobcat with that game still fresh on his mind is Junior Adams. He scored the Cats' lone touchdown in their 10-7 win over the Griz 20 years ago.
"You're always working for that. You know, that moment, that game, and it was a good experience," Adams said.
It's been a long time since that game but Adams still remembers the play call to this day and can tell you exactly how he was able to score that 53-yard touchdown and propel the Cats over the Griz.
"I remember repping it all week in practice. Set was empty left 35 mix. And all I knew was if I just cross back and then win across his face, it's going to be me, the blizzard, the white snow, and the end zone," Adams said. "And then, you know, I crossed face, Travis Lulay bought a little bit of time, you know, and threw a perfect ball."
Smith has been impressed with the Cats the last few years and sees lots of team chemistry and potential. Enough potential to get back to the championship game and maybe even bring the big prize back to Bozeman.
"Look at where we are. Montana State's on the map," Smith said. "You know, everybody knows who the Bobcats are. They dealt with miscellaneous injuries here and there. They've shown lots of grit. They never lost faith in terms of who they were. They kept on fighting. And we're in the semifinals right now. And we go down to South Dakota State this weekend and going to show them what our capabilities are as a team."
Smith attended last year's national championship game and even drove all the way from Montana to Frisco, Texas. He says there's no way he'll miss it this year if the Bobcats get past SDSU this weekend.
"Oh, absolutely. There is nothing that's going to keep me from from going to the national championship," he said.
Adams, Smith and many others will watch the Bobcats kick off against the Jackrabbits in Brookings, S.D., on Saturday a t 2 p.m.


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A woman of substance by Barbara Taylor Bradford
Published 1987 by G.K. Hall in Boston, Mass .
Businesswomen -- Fiction,
Statement Barbara Taylor Bradford.
Series Large print book series
LC Classifications PS3552.R2147 W6 1987
Pagination ix, 1240 p. (large print) ;
ISBN 10 0816142408, 0816142394
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A Woman of Substance (TV Mini-Series ) on IMDb: Plot summary, synopsis, and more Menu. Movies. but she is far from the senile old woman they think. 'So much porn was watched during the writing of this book.' Photograph: Black Inc For any woman who drinks or takes drugs, Woman of Substances makes for a frightening : Steph Harmon.
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I loved this book when I read it years ago and enjoyed the TVs mini series but this abridged version was rubbish it cut out almost everything I want the unabridged version A Woman of little substance. We all must have seen the movie Raazi and been mesmerised by the valour of Sehmat.
This book by Harinder Sikka offers more depth and substance to the story of Sehmat that you just have to read it. Packed with strong storytelling and characterisation, this Author: Latika Srivastava. Today's book review to end book reviews for this year is on A Woman of Substance, by Barbara Taylor Bradford, a book published inyet, timeless in storyline.
Bradford was my most favorite author for years and decades before I began to diversify my reading into other genres other than great reads to escape into someone else's imaginary world.
A Woman of Substance is a British-American three-part television drama miniseries, produced in It is based on the novel A Woman of Substance by the author Barbara Taylor Bradford. InEmma Harte is a wealthy, formidable businesswoman. Just about to t she has spent her life making a vast empire, including the world-famous Original network: Channel 4 (UK), Operation Prime.
We, at the Woman of Substance, are celebrating the transformation of womanhood. We are celebrating women. Although the list of female strengths is endless, we love the uniqueness of power, grace, wisdom, creativity and patience within each woman.
We believe that every woman has a superpower and a super story to share. Buy a cheap copy of A Woman of Substance book. Free shipping over $ A five star rating cannot even begin to express the quality and beauty of, "A Woman of Substance", the first book in the Emma Harte Series.
It is simply superb. Emma Harte is a young woman determined to become a woman of substance. She conquers poverty, unwed motherhood and lack of formal education to become one of the wealthiest women in the.
Finally, I downloaded Woman of Substance. It begins with Emma as an old woman at the head of her business empire. I was more interested in Yorkshire, so after quite a few pages of melodrama with over-long descriptions and what seemed very stilted dialogue I skipped to the part where Emma is a young girl in a poor family in Yorkshire/5().
Perhaps the most interesting parts of the book deal with Bradford's marriage to Robert, who paid for full-page advertisements in The New York Times. The Paperback of the Woman of Substance by Annette Bower at Barnes & Noble.
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Barbara Taylor Bradford was born and raised in Leeds, and worked as a journalist in London. Her first novel, A Woman of Substance, is one of the bestelling novels of all time and Barbara's books have sold more than 90 million copiesBarbara was appointed an OBE by the Queen for her services to literature.5/5(6).
Book Title: Woman of Substance Author: Annette Bower Published December 11th by Soul Mate Publishing About Woman of Substance: "You will never understand what it means to be fat." With those words, grad student Robbie Smith begins the Fat-Like-Me project.
In order to support her thesis, she puts on a fat suit to measure. A Woman of Substance – Hailed by TV Guide as 'drama that approaches the best we ever get to see on the small screen'.
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21291 views Thursday, November 19, 2020


Rebekah and Ramjet bring you up to date on the George Webb, DNC, Spy ring, Mossad operation, Primary Election theft, Seth Rich murder and more. History in the making, election fraud exposed. What will happen next?
NGA Is being combined with NSA and DHS data for a 7×24, geo-spatial surveillance system. Pakistan ISI did it with NADRA for biometric tracking, but they needed the Awan Brothers to get satellite data. Until Nanosat technology came along.
No Such Thing as Webb Files, Only Intelligence Product Matters.
Awan Brothers Rolling NGA, NSA, and NASA Data to Middle Eastern Kingdoms.
Who Will Be the Reality Winner?
THEI will Continue to follow the George Webb Investigations in Future Postings. Stay Tuned. . .


Thank you to each and every adopter for giving our dogs the best furever homes possible. Check back often for Happy Tails stories!!
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text:
Doncaster Rovers Hosts Celebrity Match For Deaf Football
Sellebrity Soccer, the charity football organisation is raising money for the Great Britain Men's and Women's Deaf Football teams, with a celebrity game being hosted by Doncaster Rovers on 29th May.
The sunday game at the Keepmoat Stadium will draw celebrities from all over the UK, including stars from TV and the music industry, such as TOWIE's Dan Osbourne; X Factor stars Jay James and James Graham; and EastEnders actor Dean Gaffney. (Full list below)
Kevin Cooper, ex-Wimbledon record goal scorer and co-founder of Sellebrity Soccer, speaks about the importance of supporting team GB in deaf football - "We've helped so many worthwhile charities over the years and raised thousands of pounds for them. Now we're bringing it back to football and it means a lot to be helping Great Britain get to Italy for the 2016 Deaf World Cup."
"They need to raise £25,000, so we're looking for a great turn out to this event. It looks set to be an exciting match - everyone who attends has fun and there's always a chance to meet the celebrities afterwards."
Sellebrity Soccer has organised previous games at Notts County, Norwich City and Leicester City, raising funds for charities like Victim Support and Help Harry Help Others.
Other celebrities confirmed for Doncaster are Cheshire Housewives star Dawn Ward, James Hill from BBC Apprentice and Love Island winner Max Morley; with more names being added every day.
To buy your tickets please call 01302 762576 or CLICK HERE


The leader of the SPLM-party in Northern Sudan, Yassir Arman, has been severely beaten and wounded in detention. The wounds inflicted on Yassir Arman were serious and had to be treated by a doctor in Khartoum Hospital. Radio Dabanga received confirmation from the SPLM. Yassir Arman was Sunday arrested together with his party-colleague Pagan Amum while demonstrating against the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) of President Omar al Bashir. The police wanted to take his mobile phone, but he refused to hand it over. The police started to beat him in presence of others. According to the SPLM, several others were also severely wounded and even tortured, but the security officials did not allow Radio Dabanga reporters to meet them, despite their release. After the incident, SPLM-secretary Pagan Amum refused to be released. He wants to get full clarification from the authorities and officers in chare about who is responsible for his arrest, detention and the physical abuse of his colleague Yassir Arman. The political crisis in Khartoum between the NCP and its coalition partner SPLM and the opposition is growing by the day. The SPLM stopped negotiations with Omar Al Bashir asking for international mediation by the IGAD (African nations). The parties have major disagreements about border issues between North and semi-autonomous southern Sudan (Abyei), the registration process for the elections in 2011, the issue of Darfur and a referendum in 2012 about self determination of Southern Sudan and possible secession.


text:
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    <string name="app_name">STEM Miner</string>

    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
    <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="title_activity_quiz">Quiz</string>
    <string name="title_activity_lose">Lose</string>
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I then explained what an April Fools' Joke is. I said "hold on, I'll show you." Then I start to cry out in pain because I've hurt my finger on my phone. (I hurt my fingers on a daily basis – so no surprise). My oldest say's "Mom, what did you do now?" The youngest looks on with concern…. After about 30 seconds I say "April Fools!!" OK, so not the best prank ever, but it was a good one coming from me!
Now let's see what we can come up with to fool Daddy when he gets home from work….
Did you play a prank on someone today?
Hey thats about me, but it is still funny!
The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Opera. I'm not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I'd post to let you know. The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon.
Thanks for letting me know! Though I have no clue on how to fix this format issue…..
Thank you! Your reply has made my day. No, it made my week!
however I do write in my journal every day. I'd like to start a blog so I can easily share my experience and feelings online. Please let me know if you have any suggestions or tips for brand new aspiring bloggers. Appreciate it!
I would love to chat…. You can find me on Facebook, or you can send me your email address. Talk to you soon!


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">

	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz</journal-id>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mioc</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Mem. Inst. Oswaldo
					Cruz</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0074-0276</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1678-8060</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>

10.1590/0074-02760160042

				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Articles</subject>
				</subj-group>

			<title-group>

Analysis of the genetic diversity of <italic>Candida</italic>
					isolates obtained from diabetic patients and kidney transplant
					recipients

			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Benedetti</surname>
						<given-names>Volmir Pitt</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Savi</surname>
						<given-names>Daiani Cristina</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Aluizio</surname>
						<given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Adamoski</surname>
						<given-names>Douglas</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Kava-Cordeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Vanessa</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Galli-Terasawa</surname>
						<given-names>Lygia V</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Glienke</surname>
						<given-names>Chirlei</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				1
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Paranaense, Departamento de
					Microbiologia, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Paranaense</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Paranaense</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Microbiologia</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Francisco Beltrão</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				2
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de
					Patologia Básica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Patologia Básica</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				3
				<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de
					Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brasil</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Genética</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
			</aff>
			<pub-date pub-type="epub">
				<year>2017</year>
			</pub-date>
			<fpage>00</fpage>
			<lpage>00</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>08</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2016</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>16</day>
					<month>05</month>
					<year>2016</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access"
					xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract:</title>

Yeasts of the genus Candida have high genetic variability and are the most common
					opportunistic pathogenic fungi in humans. In this study, we evaluated the
					genetic diversity among 120 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from diabetic
					patients, kidney transplant recipients and patients without any immune
					deficiencies from Paraná state, Brazil. The analysis was performed using the
					ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and a partial sequence of 28S rDNA. In the phylogenetic
					analysis, we observed a consistent separation of the species C. albicans, C.
					dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. metapsilosis and
					C. orthopsilosis, however with low intraspecific variability. In the analysis of
					the C. albicans species, two clades were formed. Clade A included the largest
					number of isolates (91.2%) and the majority of isolates from GenBank (71.4%).
					The phylogenetic analysis showed low intraspecific genetic diversity, and the
					genetic polymorphisms between C. albicans isolates were similar to genetic
					divergence found in other studies performed with isolates from Brazil. This low
					genetic diversity of isolates can be explained by the geographic proximity of
					the patients evaluated. It was observed that yeast colonisation was highest in
					renal transplant recipients and diabetic patients and that C. albicans was the
					species most frequently isolated.

			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Key words:</title>
				<kwd>ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA</kwd>
				<kwd>Candida</kwd>
				<kwd>diabetes</kwd>
				<kwd>renal transplant recipient</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<award-group>
					<funding-source>University of Chile</funding-source>
					<award-id>1140824</award-id>
				</award-group>
			</funding-group>

	</front>

Infections caused by opportunistic fungi, such as <italic>Candida</italic> yeast, often
			affect patients undergoing organ or bone marrow transplants, AIDS patients, patients
			taking immunosuppressive drugs, patients undergoing cancer treatment, those having
			undergone major surgery, those of advanced age or premature infants (<xref
				ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Anderson et al. 2007</xref>). It can also affect
			individuals suffering from chronic stress, patients with metabolic diseases such as
			diabetes, those who are malnourished and those taking broad-spectrum antibiotics (<xref
				ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Fagan 1999</xref>).

The majority of fungal infections in humans are caused by the species <italic>C.
				albicans</italic> and <italic>C. glabrata</italic>. The prevalence rates of
				<italic>C. albicans</italic> and <italic>C. glabrata</italic> infections are
			approximately 70% and 15%, respectively (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Anderson et al.
				2007</xref>). Infections caused by non-<italic>albicans Candida</italic> (NAC)
			species, such as <italic>C. tropicalis</italic>, <italic>C. parapsilosis</italic>,
				<italic>C. krusei</italic>, <italic>C. lusitaniae</italic>, <italic>C.
				inconspicua</italic>, <italic>C. lipolytica</italic> and <italic>C.
				norvegensis</italic>, have become increasingly more frequent; in some cases,
			infections with NAC species are predominant (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Fagan
				1999</xref>). There is great genetic diversity among different yeast species, in
			particular <italic>C. albicans</italic>, and this characteristic may be explained by the
			presence of a diploid genome, predominantly clonal reproduction and a high rate of
			recombination (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).

			<fig id="f1">
				Figure 1

					<title>Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of Candida albicans isolates and
						reference strains generated using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rDNA sequences.
						Bootstrap values of máximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probability
						values are shown above nodes.</title>

				<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>

In the present study, we evaluated the genetic diversity among <italic>C.
				albicans</italic> isolates from diabetic patients and kidney transplant recipients
			and compared them to other isolates described in the literature. We also determined
			which species of <italic>Candida</italic> were involved in the colonisation of the oral
			cavity in diabetic patients and renal transplant recipients from southern Paraná state
			(Brazil), including with what frequency colonisation occurred. We also evaluated the
			intraspecific diversity of <italic>C. albicans</italic> and its population
			structure.

		<sec sec-type="materials|methods">
			<title>Materials and Methods</title>

Patients analysed - In total, 190 individuals were analysed, of which 64 were
				diabetic patients, 37 were kidney transplant recipients, and 89 had no immune
				deficiencies (control group). The diabetic patients were over 40 years old, had been
				diagnosed with type II diabetes for over five years, were not using insulin and had
				hypertension; 48 had hyperglycaemia. All transplant patients were over 30 years old
				and had a kidney transplant over one year ago; 19 patients were on the
				immunosuppressant prednisone. The control group was composed of people who were
				between the ages of 18 and 30, were not being treated for any disease and were not
				using drugs with antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activities. An epidemiological
				survey of the patients was also performed to obtain more information.

Sample processing - Approximately 1 mL of saliva was collected from each patient
				according to the no stimulation method described (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"
					>Cartajena et al. 2007</xref>). After collection, 100 mL of saliva was
				inoculated in CHROagar® medium (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Gambier
					1993</xref>) and incubated at 25ºC for five online | memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br
				days. After incubation, the colony-forming units per mL saliva (CFU/mL) were
				determined. An initial screening of Candida was performed to assess biochemical
				assimilation (auxonograma), sugar fermentation (zymogram) and production of germ
				tubes (Gambier 1993). Isolates were maintained by inoculating in Brain Heart
				Infusion medium (Difco) containing 20% glycerol in Eppendorf tubes and storing at
				-20ºC (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Kim et al. 2002</xref>).

Isolates and reference strains - The present study examined 120 yeast species
				isolated from 96 patients out of a 190-patient pool. The following reference Candida
				strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were also used: C. albicans
				ATCC 44858, C. glabrata ATCC 2001 and C. tropicalis ATCC 28707. This research was
				approved by the Ethics Committee under registration number CAAE-0200.1.375.000-11 -
				Paranaense University, Paraná (PR, Brazil) <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure
					2</xref>.

				<fig id="f2">
					Figure 2

						<title>Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of seven Candida species. The
							tree was built using concatenated sequences of the ITS and 28S
							genes</title>

					<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>

		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Land and Analysis Methods</title>

<italic>Amplification of the ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and 28S rDNA regions</italic> - The
				primers V9G (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Buc y Silvestre 2006</xref>; <xref
					ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Johnson 1985</xref>) and ITS4 (<xref ref-type="bibr"
					rid="B8">Hogg et al. 2013</xref>) were used to amplify the Internal Transcribed
				Spacer (ITS) regions and 5.8S rDNA. The primers LR0R and LR5 were used to amplify
				fragments of 28S rDNA (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Andrefsky 1998</xref>), see
					<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3"
					>3</xref>. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions were performed in a total
				volume of 25 µL, which contained Tris Base buffer solution (pH 8.4) (20 mM),
				KCl (50 mM), deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) (0.3 mM) (Invitrogen-Life
				Technologies, Brazil), MgCl2 (1.6 mM), primers (15 pmol each), Taq DNA
				polymerase (0.5 U) (Invitrogen-Life Technologies, Brazil) and template DNA (20 ng).
				The amplification of the ITS regions and the 5.8S gene was performed using the
				following protocol: 95ºC for 5 min; 30 cycles of 95ºC for 1 min, 57ºC for 1 min, and
				72ºC for 1 min; and a final step at 72ºC for 5 min. The amplification of the 28S
				region was performed according to the following protocol: 95ºC for 5 min; 30 cycles
				at 95ºC for 1 min, 48ºC for 1 min, and 72ºC for 1 min; and a final step at 72ºC for
				5 min. <italic>PCR product purification</italic> - The PCR products (25 µL)
				were purified using 7.5 M ammonium acetate (15 µL) and absolute ethanol (74
				µL). Samples were incubated on ice for 1 h, followed by centrifugation for 45
				min at 23,100 g. The pellet was suspended in 12 µL of MilliQ water.

<italic>rDNA sequencing</italic> - Sequencing of the PCR products was performed using
				an ET Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. The products of the
				sequencing reaction were purified using Sephadex™ G-50 Fine DNA
				Grade resin and subjected to analysis by electrophoresis in a MegaBACE (Amersham
					Biosciences®) automated DNA sequencer.

<italic>Phylogenetic analysis</italic> - BioEdit 7.1.9 (<xref ref-type="bibr"
					rid="B1">Andrefsky 1998</xref>) and MEGA 5.1 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"
					>Kim et al. 2002</xref>) software were used for sequence editing and alignment.
				GARLI (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Gambier 1993</xref>) software was used for the
				maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, and MrBayes v.3.2.1 (<xref ref-type="bibr"
					rid="B4">Buc y Silvestre 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Johnson
					1985</xref>) software was used for Bayesian inference analysis. A bootstrap
				procedure with 2,000 replicates was used to check node consistency. In the analyses
				of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, ModelTest software version 3.7
				(Andrefsky 2010) was used to create the evolutionary model. A phylogenetic tree was
				generated using sequences from 80 isolates, the ATCC - 44858 (KM361826) reference
				lineage, lineages from Paraná state [UFPR - HC04IC (KJ651886)] and from São Paulo
				state (USP - ICB945 (JX463265), UFC - CA1150 (AB861482), UNICAMP - CA70 (DQ141236),
				UNESP - CA15 (KF385990) and the UNIFESP isolates LEMI7986E (KC905077) and L8278
				(KC408953). The sequence from the type strain CBS - 562 (NR125332) of <italic>C.
					albicans</italic> was also included in the analysis. All of the sequences
				analysed in this study were deposited.

		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Black Ceiling: Context, Stratigraphy and Chronology</title>

<italic>Epidemiological aspects of isolated yeast</italic> - Of the 190 patient
				samples, 96 (50.53%) contained yeast growth. A total of 120 strains belonging to the
				genus <italic>Candida</italic> were isolated from these 96 patient
					samples<italic>.</italic> Among the 37 samples from transplant recipients, yeast
				growth was observed in 19 (51.35%); the average CFU/mL of the saliva was 814. Among
				the 64 samples analysed from patients with diabetes, 44 (68.75%) contained yeast
				growth; the average CFU/mL was 932. In the control group (89 patients), growth was
				observed in 33 (37.08%) samples; the average CFU/mL of the saliva was 215. Of the
				120 isolates, 80 strains were identified as <italic>C. albicans</italic>, 17 as
					<italic>C. parapsilosis</italic>, eight as <italic>C. tropicalis</italic>, six
				as <italic>C. glabrata</italic>, four as <italic>C. dubliniensis</italic>, three as
					<italic>C. metapsilosis</italic> and two as <italic>C. orthopsilosis</italic>.
				The highest average CFU/ mL was observed in patients with diabetes and kidney
				transplants relative to the control group (p = 0.01). See <xref ref-type="fig"
					rid="f3">Figure 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>.

				<fig id="f3">
					Figure 3

						<title>Bootstrap values of maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior
							probability values are shown above nodes</title>

					<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>

				<fig id="f4">
					Figure 4

						<title>Black Roof schematic views; A. longitudinal section (SW-NE); B.
							General plant excavated sectors, firebox (R2, R3, R4) and location of
							lithic tools (points); C. cross section (O-E).</title>

					<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf04.tif"/>
				</fig>

Average CFU/mL values were 879 for <italic>C. parapsilosis</italic>, 854 for
					<italic>C. tropicalis</italic>, 649 for <italic>C. albicans</italic>, 520 for
					<italic>C. glabrata</italic>, 55 for <italic>C. dubliniensis</italic>, 47 for
					<italic>C. metapsilosis</italic> and 25 for <italic>C. orthopsilosis</italic>.
				The analysis of patient interview data revealed that gender did not affect yeast
				growth, as the growth index was 24 (53.3%) among men and 72 (49.7%) among women (p =
				0.90). There was also no correlation found among the different age groups (< 50
				years, 5160 years and > 60 years) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 4</xref>
				and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 5</xref>) in terms of yeast isolation (p =
				0.09). Past candidiasis did not influence colonisation because yeast was isolated
				from 44 (45.8%) patients with a previous history of oral candidiasis and from 52
				(54.2%) of patients with no history of oral candidiasis (p = 0.13) in <xref
					ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.

				Table 1

					<title>AMS 14C ages Roof Black (except * thermoluminescence with base year 2005)
						stratigraphically ordered. # Registration single plant.</title>

					<colgroup width="12%">
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
						<col/>
					</colgroup>

							# Lab
							Excavation Unit
							Rasgo
							Feature
							14C a.p.
							δ13C (‰)
							Cal 2δ a.p.
							Material

							Beta 246499
							A'2
							Fogón (R2)
							1 (0-5 cm)
							1630 ±40
							-23,5
							1400 a 1560
							Carbón

							UCTL 1793
							A1
							-
							2 (0-10 cm)
							1190 ±120*

							895 a 1375
							Cerámica

							D-AMS 007241
							C1
							Asoc. #5
							2 (5-10 cm)
							2113 ±28
							-21,4
							1900 a 2150
							Carbón

							UGAMS 05343
							A'1
							Fogón (R4)
							2 (5-10 cm)
							6870 ±30
							-24,2
							7590 a 7720
							Carbón

							Beta 246500
							B3
							Fogón (R3)
							2 (10-15 cm)
							5350 ±40
							-22,1
							5990 a 6210
							Carbón

				<fig id="f5">
					Figure 5

						<title>Black Ceiling stratigraphic section calibrated ages; EU:
							stratigraphic unit.</title>

					<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf05.tif"/>
				</fig>

<italic>Phylogenetic analysis</italic> - To determine the intraspecific variability
				among <italic>C. albicans</italic> isolates, our isolates were compared to sequences
				of <italic>C. albicans</italic> isolated from Brazil that were deposited in GenBank.
				In the ITS1-5.8SITS2 phylogenetic tree of <italic>C. albicans</italic> isolates
					(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 5</xref>), we observed the possible
				formation of two population groups. Clade A consists of the largest number of
				isolates, including ATCC-44858, the type strain <italic>C. albicans</italic> -
				CBS562 and isolates from different Brazilian states including Paraná state
				(HC04IC/UFPR, KJ651886/GB), São Paulo state (ICB945/USP, JX463265/GB; CA70/UNICAMP,
				DQ141236/GB; and CA15/UNESP, KF385990/GB) and Ceará state (CA1150/UFC, AB861482/GB)
				(Neto et al. 2014)

		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="materials">
			<title>Black Materials Ceiling sets</title>
			<sec>
				<title>Lithic Material</title>

Isolates belonging to Clade A had no genetic divergence in the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2
					rDNA region. The isolates with the highest genetic diversity were in Clade B
					(CA29PD, CA32PD, CA38PD, CA59PT, CA61PT, CA62PT, CA63PT and CA84PD).

In the phylogenetic tree, assembled with 120 isolates belonging to seven
					different <italic>Candida</italic> species in which sequences from the ITS1 and
					ITS2 regions and the 5.8S and 28S rDNA genes were used, there is a consistent
					separation of the following species: <italic>C. albicans</italic>, <italic>C.
						dubliniensis</italic>, <italic>C. glabrata</italic>, <italic>C.
						tropicalis</italic> and the three species that formed the <italic>C.
						parapsilosis</italic> complex (<italic>C. parapsilosis</italic>, <italic>C.
						metapsilosis</italic> and <italic>C. orthopsilosis</italic>). Moreover, we
					were able to observe low intraspecific variability (<xref ref-type="table"
						rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).

					Table 2

						<title>Lithic sample according to their stratigraphic provenance. EU:
							stratigraphic unit. </title>

						<colgroup width="16%">
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>

								Completeness
								Surface
								UE 1
								UE 2
								UE 3
								Total

								Full
								2
								248
								575
								19
								844

								Proximal
								1
								155
								435
								11
								602

								Mesiodistal
								8
								1164
								3305
								80
								4557

								Total
								11
								1567
								4315
								110
								6003

Analyses of different epidemiological aspects of the <italic>Candida</italic>
					species may assist in disease prevention, control and treatment. In our
					analysis, yeast colonisation was more frequently observed in renal transplant
					recipients and diabetic patients (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table
					2</xref>) than in the control group. This finding indicates that patients with
					altered immune responses are more susceptible to fungal infection, which is in
					agreement with (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Hogg et al. 2013</xref>). See
						<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>.

					Table 3

						<title>Frequencies of raw materials according to their stratigraphic
							provenance. EU: stratigraphic unit. </title>

						<colgroup width="20%">
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>

								Raw material
								UE 1
								UE 2
								UE 3
								UE 4

								-
								%
								N
								%
								N

								Gap hydrothermal alteration
								3,97 14,39
								186
								1,88 18,42
								6

								Andesite
								2,23
								15
								1,49
								0

								Quartz
								0,5
								1
								0,1
								0

								Indeterminate
								0,5
								0
								0
								0

								Total
								100
								1010
								100
								30

The high <italic>Candida</italic> colonisation observed in diabetic patients is
					correlated with multifactorial events that are influenced by factors such as
					high concentrations of sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) in tissues and low
					levels of salivary secretions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Fagan
					1999</xref>). A high frequency of colonisation in diabetic patients has been
					previously observed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Anderson et al.
					2007</xref>). In addition, (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Andrefsky
					2010</xref>) reported that diabetes mellitus is one of the most common
					pathological disorders predisposing adult patients to the development of
					different clinical forms of candidiasis.

Our results show that <italic>C. albicans</italic> was the most frequently
					isolated species among all patient groups (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table
						3</xref>). <italic>C. albicans</italic> is a yeast species of wide genetic
					variability and great adaptability to different anatomical sites, likely
					explaining its high frequency of isolation from human hosts (<xref
						ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Buc y Silvestre 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr"
						rid="B9">Johnson 1985</xref>). A clear example of this correlation between
					colonisation and pathogenicity is the fact that <italic>C. albicans</italic> is
					responsible for 90% of oral and oesophageal candidiasis episodes (<xref
						ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Andrefsky 1998</xref>) in <xref ref-type="fig"
						rid="f6">Figure 6</xref>.

					<fig id="f6">
						Figure 6

							<title>Tips Black Roof fractured projectile.</title>

						<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf06.tif"/>
					</fig>

Although <italic>C. albicans</italic> is still the most common pathogen involved
					in candidiasis, a significant increase in NAC infections has been observed
					recently (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Gambier 1993</xref>); in particular,
						<italic>C. glabrata</italic>, <italic>C. krusei</italic>, <italic>C.
						tropicalis</italic> and <italic>C. parapsilosis</italic> have been found to
					be etiological agents of disease (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Andrefsky
						1998</xref>). In our study, one-third of the isolates identified were NAC
					species (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 6</xref>). According to Andrefsky,
					increases in colonisation with NAC species are associated with extensive
					prophylactic use of antifungal drugs in immunocompromised patients.

It was also observed that <italic>C. parapsilosis</italic> was frequently
					isolated as an accompanying species in the present study. This result
					corroborates the guidelines for the management of candidiasis as described by
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Buc y Silvestre (2006</xref>). Here, the
					authors classified <italic>C. parapsilosis</italic> as one of the most common
					agents of candidaemia in Latin America, in particular Brazil. This type of
					infection mainly affects hospitalised patients using central venous catheters in
						<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>.

					Table 4

						<title>Traces of use stone tools. Ind: Not determined.</title>

						<colgroup width="16%">
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>

								Unidade stratigráfica
								Instrumento
								Tipo
									de huellas
								Posible acción
								Sustancia

								Anverso
								Reverso

								1

								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Corte
								Ind.

								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Corte
								Blanda

								Lascas filo vivo
								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Ind.
								Ind.

								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Raspado
								Ind.

								Microlascados; abrasion
								Abrasion
								Corte
								Ind.

								Raspadores
								Microlascados
								No presenta
								Ind.
								Ind.

								Microlascados
								No presenta
								Raspado
								Dura

								Lasca retocada
								Microlascados
								No presenta
								Ind.
								Ind.

								Denticulado
								Microlascados; abrasion
								No presenta
								Raspado
								Dura

								2
								Lascas filo vivo
								Microlascados
								Microastillamiento
								Corte
								Blanda

								Microlascados
								No presenta
								Raspado
								Blando

								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Corte
								Blando

								Microlascados; abrasion
								Abrasion
								Raspado
								Dura

								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Corte
								Blanda

								Microlascados
								Microlascados
								Ind.
								Ind.

								Microlascados
								No presenta
								Raspado
								Dura

								Microlascados; abrasion
								Abrasión leve
								Raspado
								Dura

								Microlascados; abrasion
								Microlascados
								Corte
								Blanda

								Microlascados
								Microlascados; abrasión
								Corte
								Blanda

								Lascas retocadas
								Microlascados; desgaste leve
								No presenta
								Ind.
								Ind.

								Microlascados; abrasion
								No presenta
								Raspado
								Dura

In our study, certain epidemiological aspects, such as gender, age and
					candidiasis history, did not influence the colonisation of
						<italic>Candida</italic> species in the oral cavity of the analysed
					patients. These results confirm those of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Johnson
						1985</xref>, who determined that oral cavity colonisation was not associated
					with gender. Our results are also in agreement with studies by <xref
						ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Buc y Silvestre (2006</xref>), who did not observe
					an association between oral candidiasis and patient gender or age. Andrefsky
					suggests that increases in the frequency of oral candidiasis may be associated
					with poor oral hygiene, specific diets, use of dental prosthesis or other
					diseases of the oral mucosa (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table
					5</xref>).

					Table 5

						<title>Number of identified specimens (NISP NISP and%) by taxa according to
							their</title>

						<colgroup width="14%">
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>

								Unidad estratigráfica
								1
								2
								Total

								Taxa
								NISP
								% NISP
								NISP
								% NISP
								NISP
								% NISP

								Mammalia
								11
								1 1
								55
								14,1
								66
								13,5

								Rodentia
								14
								14
								39
								10
								53
								10,8

								Caprinae
								2
								2
								0
								0
								2
								0,4

								Canidae
								1
								1
								3
								0,8
								4
								0,8

								<italic>Lama</italic> sp.
								2
								2
								0
								0
								2
								0,4

								<italic>Pkyllotis</italic>
								1
								1
								3
								0,8
								4
								0,8

								Akodon sp.
								0
								0
								2
								0.5
								2
								0,4

								<italic>Spalacopus</italic> sp.
								0
								0
								1
								0.3
								1
								0.2

								Ave
								1
								1
								0
								0
								1
								0,2

								Passeriforme
								2
								2
								7
								1,8
								9
								1.8

								Indeterminado
								66
								66
								279
								71,7
								345
								70,6

								Tolal
								100
								100
								389
								100
								489
								100

						<fn id="TFN1">

 stratigraphic provenance.

						</fn>

The genetic diversity among <italic>C. albicans</italic> isolates was analysed
						(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref> y <xref ref-type="table"
						rid="t4">4</xref>), and the formation of two population groups was observed.
					Group A consisted of the largest number of isolates in this study, as well the
					type strain and strains from other Brazilian states. Group B included seven
					isolates and the strains LEMI7986E (KC905077/GB) and L8278 (KC408953/GB)
					belonging to UNIFESP University (São Paulo state) (<xref ref-type="bibr"
						rid="B1">Andrefsky 1998</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Cartajena et
						al. 2007</xref>) in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>. Despite
					the formation of two groups, low genetic diversity was observed between the
					isolates collected from Paraná state (Federal University of Paraná) when
					compared to strains from different Brazilian states. It was also observed that
					specific phylogenetic groups were not formed based on the type of patient (renal
					transplant recipient, diabetic or control group). The two groups formed were
					98.8% similar with five polymorphic sites in the 412 bp analysed (four sites in
					the ITS region and one site in the 5.8S region). However, this last substitution
					is a mutation. Therefore, we suggest that regions other than ITS and 5.8S should
					be analysed for intraspecific studies of this group in <xref ref-type="fig"
						rid="f7">Figure 7</xref>.

					<fig id="f7">
						Figure 7

							<title>Bone instrument (A1, UE2 base), A. debitage active end at the
								apex; B. lascado in detail apex; C. striae apex; D. manufacturing
								grooves in the shaft.</title>

						<graphic xlink:href="1678-8060-mioc-0074-02760160042-gf07.tif"/>
					</fig>

			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion|conclusions">
			<title>Discusión y Comentarios</title>

Some studies have suggested that species of <italic>C. albicans</italic>, although
				isolated from different patients, can have low variability despite having very
				similar genomes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Cartajena et al. 2007</xref>), <xref
					ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 7</xref>. <italic>Candida</italic> spp, which is
				present in many different anatomical sites in the human body, may have passed from
				one individual to another as populations migrated; this would explain the low
				genomic variability observed. Additionally, some studies suggest that most
				individuals are colonised or infected by one single strain of
					<italic>Candida</italic>; more significant genetic differences may exist between
				isolates of different geographic origins. Large diversity in a population of
					<italic>C. albicans</italic> may be the result of different sources, as observed
				in the work. The low variability found among the <italic>C. albicans</italic>
				isolates in the present study could be explained by the geographic proximity of the
				patients, as was determined in studies by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Johnson
					(1985</xref>).

A phylogenetic tree was formed using the sequences of seven different
					<italic>Candida</italic> species (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 7</xref>)
				and showed Clade A included the largest number of isolates (91.2%) and the majority
				of isolates from GenBank (71.4%). In conclusion, yeast colonisation of the oral
				cavity occurs more frequently in renal transplant recipients and diabetic patients
				than in healthy individuals. Sequences of ITS and rDNA regions were able to
				correctly identify <italic>Candida</italic> species and can be used for accurate
				species identification for this genus. <italic>C. albicans</italic> was the most
				frequently isolated species regardless of patient gender or age. The phylogenetic
				study showed that <italic>C. albicans</italic> isolates have low genetic diversity
				based on rDNA sequences, and the formation of two population groups was observed.
				However, these groups had no correlation with respect to gender, age or region of
				isolation.

		</sec>

	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Acknowledgements</title>

Funded by: DEC 2007 SOC 13-2, University of Chile (CM), FONDECYT #1140824 (DJ and
				MC), Doctoral Fellowship Program Human Capital Advanced CONICYT - Chile 2011
				Scholarship (BS). We thank Messrs. Victor Prado, Luis Fuentes and Roberto Alvarez
				for permits granted for field work, Catherine Contreras, Francisco Vergara, Benjamin
				Ballester and Cristián Solar for their participation in the field and especially
				Daniel Pavlovic by ceramic analysis Natalie Hormazábal by functional analysis of
				lithic and two anonymous reviewers whose recommendations helped improve this
				work.

		</ack>
		<ref-list>
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These videos offer more on how to best finesse your 360 panoramas using Photoshop's 3D and 2D editing spaces.
This update provides more detailed information on how get the best results each time.
Exporting these panoramas for use on the web can be done in GIF or JPEG format for use with online software or as animated gifs.
The procedures for this are covered here.
For more on creating videos see this previous piece on 360 panoramas.
This video shows a range of techniques for adding edge effects, like borders and vignettes to your photographs.
The techniques are not always that intuitive, especially the ones using layer styles, so take careful note and bookmark the page in case you need to refresh your memory.
This video uses the new brush smoothing feature in Photoshop CC 2018 and one of the legacy brushes (Photoshop CC 2018 has a bunch of new default brushes) to create a realistic hand written design.
The result is that we can easily simulate a hand written chalk board design even using a mouse.
This video from Julianne Kost of Adobe details more on the new brush smoothing feature in Photoshop CC 2018 and also the new paint symmetry feature.
Also we learn how to get rid of the irritating purple line that now appears with each brush stroke.


text:
Q: Is my Login Script is vulnerable to SQL Injection? 2 days ago, a hacker got into a Admin Account. He told us that login.php is vulnerable.
But I can't find out how as I escaped the inputs:
$salt      = '78sdjs86d2h';
$username = mysqli_real_escape_string($DB_H, addslashes($_POST['username']));
$password = mysqli_real_escape_string($DB_H, addslashes($_POST['password']));
$hash1 = hash('sha256', $password . $salt);
$hash = strtoupper($hash1);

$check = mysqli_query($DB_H, "SELECT * FROM players WHERE Name='$username' && Password = '$hash'");

if(mysqli_num_rows($check) != 0)

A: Unless you are using some peculiar encoding, the code you posted, although it makes very little sense, is invulnerable to SQL injection. It will rather don't let a honest user to login, but there is no way to hack it through SQL injection.
The vulnerability were of the other kind, XSS for example.

A: Its better to use prepare statements to avoid sql injection. For example
 $check = mysqli_query($DB_H, "SELECT * FROM players WHERE Name='$username' && Password = '$hash'")

use it like this
 $check = $DB_H->prepare("SELECT * FROM players WHERE Name=? && Password = ?")
 $check->bind_param('ss',$username,$hash);
 $check->execute();

A: Test with this:
$sHost = 'localhost';
$sDb = 'test';
$sUser = 'user';
$sPassword = 'password';

$oDb = new PDO("mysql:host={$sHost};dbname={$sDb}", $sUser, $sPassword);

$salt = '78sdjs86d2h';
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];

$hash1 = hash('sha256', $password . $salt);
$hash = strtoupper($hash1);

$sSql = 'SELECT * FROM players WHERE Name = :username AND Password = :password';

$oStmt = $oDb->prepare($sSql);
$oStmt->bindParam(':username', $username, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$oStmt->bindParam(':password', $hash, PDO::PARAM_STR);

if($oStmt->execute()){
    $oRow = $oStmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
    if(false === $oRow){
        echo 'User or password not valid';
    } else {
        echo 'Uer and password valid!!!';
    }
} else {
    echo 'Error';
}

A: Instead of these mysqli functions go for using PDO statements. Here is reference
PHP PDO Documentation

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