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Propagation and attenuation of mechanical signals in ultrasoft 2D solids
The propagation of elastic waves in soft materials plays a crucial role in the spatiotemporal transmission of mechanical signals, e.g., in biological mechanotransduction (1, 2) or in the failure of marginal solids (3–6). At high Reynolds numbers Re ≫ 1, inertia dominates and wave propagation can be readily observed (7–9). However, mechanical cues in soft and biological materials often occur at low Re (10), playing a key role in their spatiotemporal response to mechanical perturbations (11, 12). For example, in marginally stable systems, such as jammed packings or fiber networks, a stress at the right position can cause total loss of rigidity (3–6). In living cells, the propagation of mechanical signals through soft structures is crucial in mechanotransduction (1, 2) and controls, for example, cell differentiation (13). Also, in soft robotics, sensing and control require the transmission of mechanical signals over a distance (14).
Localized mechanical signals can spread in space and time by propagation of elastic waves (7–9). This wave propagation is intimately linked to the mechanical properties of the medium (15). In very soft materials, the transmission of mechanical signals poses challenges, because their intrinsically dissipative nature leads to energy losses as the wave propagates (10, 16). In particular, at low excitation frequencies, corresponding to low Reynolds numbers, viscous attenuation of the wave signal is strong, and its detection is challenging. Moreover, in ultrasoft solids, the relative amplitudes of thermal fluctuations are large, thus further obscuring robust wave propagation and their detection in experiments.
In this Letter, we show how Fourier filtering can reveal even very weak and strongly damped elastic waves at extremely low Reynolds numbers, Re ∼ 10−6, in ultrasoft solids formed from crystals and glasses of colloids in two dimensions. We create a localized oscillatory perturbation within these solids with an optical tweezer and use video microscopy and frequency domain filtering to quantify the spatiotemporal strain response. On the basis of an overdamped equation of motion, which is in excellent quantitative agreement with our experimental results, this enables a full characterization of low Re wave propagation and attenuation in ultrasoft solids. Moreover, we show how the analysis of these waves can be used to obtain the linear mechanical moduli of very weak elastic solids.
We prepare two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals by sedimenting monodisperse silica particles with radius a = 3.04 μm suspended in an aqueous buffer at pH 8.4 and an ionic strength of 10 mM, giving a Debye screening length κ−1 ≈ 3 nm ≪a. This short-ranged electrostatic repulsion yields dense 2D crystals with long-ranged hexagonal order at a packing fraction of 0.84 (Fig. 1A and section S1.1).
Fig. 1 Structure of colloidal samples.
Bright-field microscopy images of (A) 2D colloidal crystal and (B) 2D colloidal glass of silica particles used in the tweezing experiments. Scale bars, 40 μm.
To create a propagating mechanical wave, we trap a single particle of the crystal in an optical trap and force it into an in-plane oscillatory motion with an amplitude A0 = 2.5 μm (Fig. 2A). We vary the frequency ω of this motion between 0.05 and 10 rad/s, corresponding to Reynolds numbers between 4 · 10−7 and 8 · 10−5 (17), and confirm that this mechanical excitation is well within the linear regime (section S2).
Fig. 2 Generation and detection of mechanical waves.
(A) Schematic overview of our experiment. (B) Raw experimental particle trajectories in the direction of the driven particle (gray). Colors correspond to the particles in (A). (C) Amplitude spectrum of the driven particle. The red line corresponds to the driving frequency. (D) Trajectories of (B) after Fourier filtering at the driving frequency. (E) Unfiltered root mean square displacement and (F) Fourier-filtered amplitude map of particles in a crystal excited at ω = 3.1 rad/s; the color scale in (E) and (F) represents the amplitude in micrometers. Scale bars, 40 μm. The red arrow indicates the oscillation direction of the probe particle.
Note that the self-diffusion time of particles in the crystal, τ = a2/4D ≈ 100 s, so that the Deborah number De = ωτ is larger than 1 in all our experiments (section S3), implying that the material can be considered a viscoelastic solid.
The oscillating particle creates a mechanical wave that propagates through the surrounding material. This sets up a net ballistic displacement of the particles adjacent to the oscillating bead. However, the signal of interest is convolved with the inherent Brownian motion of these microscopic colloids. In particular, far away from the trapped colloid, where the elastic signal is attenuated, it may drown in the Brownian noise (Fig. 2, B and E). Upon filtering the positional trajectory of each particle in the frequency domain at the driving frequency (Fig. 2C), even small displacements due to the propagating wave become apparent (Fig. 2D). To ensure statistical reliability of these data, we set up a real-time distributed particle tracking algorithm that allows us to collect data during 20,000 to 35,000 frames, which is equivalent to 50 to 500 oscillation cycles. While the unfiltered mean square displacement of the particles shows no apparent signature of the perturbation, except at the forced particle (Fig. 2E), the Fourier-filtered amplitude map shows a propagating mechanical wave with an amplitude that decays steeply with increasing distance from the trapped bead (Fig. 2F) and a phase shift that gradually increases with distance (Fig. 2D).
To explain these results, we assume that the colloidal crystal can be treated as a 2D continuous elastic material. We write an equation of motion for the displacement field
u→
in the solid (18) to which we add a dissipative term to account for the damping fluid and an oscillating point force,
f→(t)=f→0·eiωt
, that represents the perturbation
ρ∂2u→∂t2+γ∂u→∂t=f→(t)δ(r→)+E2(1+ν)∇→2u→+E2(1−ν)∇→(∇→·u→)
Here, the first term describes the inertial forces with ρ ≈ 10−2 kg/m2 as the density of the 2D material. The second term represents the viscous damping due to the solvent with γ as the drag coefficient per unit area, which we determine experimentally from the short-time diffusion of particles in the crystal, giving γ = 4.8 · 103 Ns/m3 (section S3). The last two terms correspond to the Navier-Cauchy equation that describes the elastic forces within the 2D solid with E as the 2D elastic modulus and ν as the 2D Poisson ratio.
Because our experiments are performed at low Reynolds number, the inertial term is negligible, resulting in overdamped mechanics. Solving the equation of motion for this case yields the displacement field in the form
u→=α·f→
, with α as the complex response function tensor, which has principal components α∥ and α⊥ that describe the components of the displacement field parallel and perpendicular to the applied force, respectively. In polar coordinates, with r as the distance from the point where the force is applied and θ = 0 corresponding to the direction of the force, this becomes (see section S4 for full details)
α∥(r,θ)=1−ν24πE(K0(riζ)+λ2K0(rλiζ)+cos (2θ)[K2(riζ)−λ2K2(rλiζ)])
(2)and
α⊥(r,θ)=1−ν24πEsin (2θ)[K2(riζ)−λ2K2(rλiζ)]
(3)where K0 and K2 denote the modified Bessel functions of the second kind,
ζ=(ωγ(1−ν2)/E)−12
is a characteristic attenuation length of the displacement amplitude, and
λ=2/(1−ν)
is a parameter that depends only on the Poisson ratio and diverges for ν → 1, which is the maximum Poisson ratio in 2D. The amplitude and the phase of the displacement fields are obtained as the magnitude and the argument, respectively, of the complex response functions.
To compare our experimental results with this prediction, we decompose the measured displacement amplitudes into their parallel and perpendicular components (Fig. 3, A and E). This results in distinct lobed patterns for these two components that can be observed in all our experiments. Our theoretical prediction produces identical patterns that are in excellent agreement, indicating that wave propagation in these colloidal crystals can indeed be described by treating the material as a continuous and isotropic 2D elastic solid (Fig. 3, B and F). We note that, in principle, the mechanical properties of the crystal should depend on the direction with respect to the crystal axes, but apparently, such anisotropy does not play a large role for these soft crystals.
Fig. 3 Comparison of experimental and theoretical wave patterns.
(A) Experimental amplitude map of the parallel displacement. (B) Parallel displacement amplitude predicted by our model. (C) Experimental phase shift for the parallel displacement. (D) Phase shift of parallel displacement predicted by our model. (E) Experimental map of perpendicular displacement. (F) Perpendicular displacement amplitude predicted by our model. (G) Experimental phase shift for the perpendicular displacement. (H) Phase shift of perpendicular displacement predicted by our model. Amplitudes and phases have units micrometers and radians, respectively. Scale bars, 40 μm. The red double-headed arrow indicates the oscillation direction. In all cases, ω = 0.52 rad/s; for the model calculations, E = 2.5 · 10−6 N/m and ν = 0.7.
The parallel component of the displacement response propagates preferentially along the excitation axis and shows a distinct asymmetry in the attenuation length along the two primary axes. The perpendicular displacement shows a four-lobed pattern, with maximum displacements at an angle of 45∘ with respect to the excitation direction. Also, in the phase maps (Fig. 3, C and D), we observe patterns that are in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction (Fig. 3, G and H).
We can now use our theoretical analysis to interpret the experimental results in terms of the linear elasticity of the solid. For this, we first consider the parallel displacement component in the direction of the excitation, θ = 0. An asymptotic expansion of Eq. 2 for relatively large distances from the perturbation r > ζ (see section S4) leads to a phase lag in the far field
ϕ∥(r,0)≈−π8−rζ2
(4)and an amplitude
A∥(r,0)∼r−1/2e−r/ζ2
According to Eq. 4, the phase varies linearly with r along θ = 0, which is indeed what we find experimentally (Fig. 4A). This means that the wave propagates at a constant velocity in the direction of the excitation, with a phase velocity
v∥=∣ω(dϕ∥/dr)−1∣≈ωζ2=2Eω/γ(1−ν)2
. As shown in the inset of Fig. 4A, the phase velocity increases approximately as
v∥∼ω
for low frequencies, which indicates that the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio do not depend on the frequency in this regime.
Fig. 4 Analysis of the damped waves.
(A) Bin-averaged phase of the parallel displacement in the direction of the excitation for ω = 0.52 rad/s. Inset shows the phase velocity versus probed frequency; dashed line depicts slope
; error bars depict a 95% confidence interval. (B) Superposition of parallel displacement amplitude for different frequencies along θ = 0 (blue) and θ = π/2 (red) versus normalized distance. (C) Superposition of parallel displacement phase for different frequencies along θ = 0 (blue) and θ = π/2 (red) versus normalized distance. Lines in (C) and (D) are fits to the theory (with ν = 0.7). (D) Elastic modulus as a function of frequency, obtained from the phase (open symbols) and amplitude (filled symbols) of both the parallel (red) and perpendicular (blue) displacement components; error bars depict 95% confidence intervals.
The linear elasticity of an isotropic 2D solid is described by two independent mechanical parameters: the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio. While the modulus only affects the absolute magnitude of the response function and the characteristic length scale ζ, the shape of the spatial pattern is uniquely determined by the Poisson ratio, as expressed by the parameter λ in Eqs. 2 and 3 (section S5). Hence, if the Poisson ratio is independent of the frequency, it should be possible to superimpose the measured displacement data obtained at different frequencies by normalizing the distance r by the characteristic length ζ. We determine ζ for each frequency from the asymptotic behavior at large r in two independent ways, using Eqs. 4 and 5. Normalizing all distances with ζ(ω) then indeed leads to a collapse of the data for both the amplitude and phase of the parallel displacement contribution, both in the direction of the excitation (θ = 0) and perpendicular to it (θ = π/2) (Fig. 4, B and C). We fit these curves to Eq, 2 using
as the only fit parameter, giving a value for the Poisson ratio ν = 0.70 ± 0.07, comparable to values expected for crystalline solids in two dimensions (19, 20). Using this value of ν, we then obtain the elastic moduli of the colloidal crystal from the decay lengths, giving moduli on the order of E ≈ 10−6 N/m, both for the phase and amplitude data (Fig. 4D). A similar analysis for the perpendicular displacement components, fitted to Eq. 3 (section S6), gives similar moduli (Fig. 4D). As a final consistency check, we use the measured Young's modulus and Poisson ratio to predict the absolute values of the response functions, which now provide a reasonable quantitative match with the experimental results (Fig. 3, A to H). This highlights that our theoretical description captures the main phenomena in a quantitative fashion.
We may compare the values for E with a simple estimate obtained by approximating the colloidal crystal as a hexagonal lattice of harmonic springs, for which
E=2k/3
with k as the spring constant of a particle pair (21). We estimate k by analyzing the thermal bond length fluctuations (section S7) and find E ≈ 1 · 10−6 N/m in very good agreement with the experimental values. We also validate our results by estimating the modulus in a different way, by analyzing the long-wavelength thermal fluctuations in the crystal (22). As shown in section S8, this gives a modulus that is in good agreement with our estimate based on the wave pattern. Our method has the advantage, however, that it can directly probe the frequency dependence of the elastic moduli. Moreover, we obtain a spatial map of the displacement pattern in real space, which allows us to observe deviations from the predicted pattern and to relate these to the local structure (see below).
We note that our method is limited at higher frequencies by the decrease in the attenuation length with increasing frequency. Once the characteristic length ζ becomes of the order of the particle size, discretization effects hinder the accurate determination of the wave propagation. This gives a limiting frequency ωmax ≈ E/γa2 ≈ 20 rad/s. For frequencies approaching ωmax, our estimation of the modulus becomes inaccurate.
Last, to emphasize that our approach is not exclusive to ordered, crystalline solids, we repeat the experiments described above for a disordered colloidal glass that lacks long-ranged order (23, 24). We prepare monolayers of a bidisperse mixture of silica spheres (a = 3.04 and 1.85 μm at a mixing ratio of 1:2.35 by number and a total packing fraction of 0.80) (Fig. 1B). We confirm the absence of structural order from the liquid-like shape of the pair-correlation function and structure factor, while the particle dynamics are strongly arrested and caged as evidenced from their mean square displacement in the absence of external mechanical excitation (section S1.2).
Despite the very different microstructure, we find that the displacement amplitude and phase patterns are very similar to those observed for the crystals (Fig. 5, A to D). The same analysis (Fig. 5, E and F) as for the crystals (using a drag coefficient γ that is a weighted average over the small and large particles, giving γ = 7.5 · 102 Ns/m3; see section S3) gives a Poisson ratio ν = 0.60 ± 0.15 and an elastic modulus on the order of 1 · 10−7 N/m for the glasses (log E = − 7.0 ± 0.4). This is about an order of magnitude lower than for the crystals, which could be due to the slightly lower packing fraction or the softer interaction potential between the small particles (section S7).
Fig. 5 Waves in colloidal glasses.
Experimental maps of (A) parallel displacement amplitude, (B) parallel displacement phase, (C) perpendicular displacement amplitude, and (D) perpendicular displacement phase of 2D colloidal glasses excited at ω = 0.52 rad/s. Amplitudes and phases have units micrometers and radians, respectively. Scale bars, 20 μm. (E) Superposition of parallel displacement amplitude of colloidal glasses for different frequencies along θ = 0 (blue) and θ = π/2 (red) versus normalized distance, together with theoretical prediction (E = 1.9 × 10−7 N/m, ν = 0.60). (F) Bin-averaged phase-distance plot to determine phase velocity for ω= 0.52 rad/s in the parallel direction.
From Fig. 5 (A to D), it is also clear that the wave patterns are noisier for the glasses than for the crystals, even though the decay lengths ζ are comparable. The reason for this is not clear, but it might be related to their disordered structure, which is known to lead to inhomogeneous mechanical properties and nonaffine deformation modes (25). Further evidence for a relation between wave propagation and microscopic structure can be seen by looking at the displacement patterns in the vicinity of defects in the colloidal crystal. For example, the pattern in Fig. 2F shows an asymmetry between left and right, which can be attributed to the presence of a dislocation just to the right of the probe particle (section S9). We note that this is not yet captured by the theory, which assumes a homogeneous elasticity.
Our results highlight that the observation of highly damped mechanical waves at low Re open up the way for mechanical characterization of both ordered and disordered ultraweak solids. Traditionally, microrheology is the method of choice to characterize the viscoelasticity of very weak elastic materials whose moduli are below the detection limit of conventional macroscopic rheometers. In microrheology, the viscoelastic features of the material are extracted from the Brownian fluctuations of tracer particles embedded in the material (passive microrheology) (26) or from the response of an actively forced probe particle (active microrheology) (27). However, these methods often fail to give the bulk rheological properties, for example, in very heterogeneous samples where the probe particles sample mostly the pores in the material or in cases where the probe particles locally modify the structure of the material. This can be solved by analyzing cross-correlations between particles that are separated by a distance much larger than the characteristic length scale of the material, in microrheology is a field of science so-called two-particle microrheology (28). Alternatively, the elastic properties can be obtained by analyzing the long-wavelength thermal vibrational modes of the material using particle tracking techniques, although extracting the frequency-dependent rheological properties is more challenging in this case (22). Our method can be seen as a form of active multiparticle microrheology, in which the complete spatial displacement pattern induced by a local perturbation is mapped out. By filtering out the Brownian noise, we obtain experimental access to the frequency-dependent mechanical properties of extremely soft and fragile systems. In principle, the method can also be extended toward the nonlinear deformation regime by increasing the amplitude of the probe oscillation, although the interpretation in terms of nonlinear elastic moduli will obviously be more challenging.
Acknowledgments: Funding: This work is part of the Industrial Partnership Program Hybrid Soft Materials that is carried out under an agreement between Unilever Research and Development B.V. and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). J.v.d.G. acknowledges the European Research Council for financial support (ERC Consolidator grant Softbreak). The work of J.S. is part of the VIDI research program (no. 723.016.001) of NWO. Author contributions: J.M.v.D. and J.S. conceived the experiments. J.M.v.D., R.W., and R.F. constructed and programmed the optical tweezer instrument. J.M.v.D. and R.H. developed the real-time distributed particle tracking protocol. J.M.v.D. performed the experiments and data analysis. J.v.d.G. developed the wave propagation theory. J.M.v.D., J.v.d.G., A.Z., and J.S. discussed the data interpretation and cowrote the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in this paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
Unlike Obama, Trump Has Earned a Nobel Peace Prize


Is The Official Trailer For "Goodnight Mommy" Really As Creepy As Everyone Is Saying? -YES!
A little background about me is that I LOVE a good horror movie. Why, might you ask, do I love horror movies? Well, the short story is that being scared, (in the right context, of course) can actually be kinda fun. It gets my adrenaline and excitement going, and it's really easy to watch a fun Disney movie or something afterward if I'm still scared.So when my boyfriend Matthew came across a Buzzfeed article that was all about people freaking out because of a horror movie trailer, I had to see what the fuss was about.
The movie is called "Goodnight Mommy", and what I've done is watch the trailer for you (maybe horror movies aren't your thing; that's cool) and film my reactions. That way you can gauge whether or not you want to watch the trailer, and perhaps movie, for yourself based on my reactions. Click on the video below to see me watching the "Goodnight Mommy" trailer for the first time!
If you watched (and probably laughed) at my reactions and STILL want to watch this creepy-as-all-get-out trailer, then enjoy! Might I suggest only watching it when it's daylight out though.
What's your verdict on the trailer? Did it completely creep you out? Or were you left wanting? Let me know on Facebook or in the comments below!
Catch up with Kristen Hoffman on Instagram and Facebook!


text:
Why We Filed a Civil Rights Claim Against UC Berkeley Law School | Opinion
Arsen Ostrovsky and Gabriel Groisman , Attorneys
On 11/23/22 at 9:45 AM EST
Opinion Anti-Semitism Jews Students
In August 2022, at least nine student groups at the University of California, Berkeley Law School, adopted a bylaw excluding Zionist speakers, garnering national and global attention and ire, bringing to the fore both the rampant rise of antisemitism through the lens of "anti-Zionism," and the limits and boundaries of free speech, a bedrock principle of American law.
As we sat and watched, the university wrapped itself up in a pretzel, trying to explain away, excuse, and minimize the conduct of its student groups. Incredulously, at the time the bylaw passed, the dean of UC Berkeley Law School, Erwin Chemerinsky, stated that "only a handful of student groups" adopted the bylaw.
It is unfathomable that a similar statement would ever be made that "only a handful" of student groups banned speakers of any other ethnic, religious, or racial group. Yet such blatant discrimination against Jews continues to be excused, justified, and mainstreamed.
People walk through Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus on March 14, 2022 in Berkeley, California. Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
Chemerinsky insists "because the situation at Berkeley Law is about choosing speakers based on their viewpoints, the student groups have the First Amendment right to reject views they oppose." The dean is wrong.
The student groups at Berkeley Law are being willfully deceptive. Rather than simply exclude Jewish speakers, they exclude speakers who have expressed and continue to hold views in support of Zionism.
Zionism refers to the Jewish people's right to self-determination and liberation in their ancestral homeland, the Land of Israel. It is not merely a "viewpoint" as the Dean suggests, but rather something that has for millennia formed an integral and indispensable part of Jewish identity. A rejection of those who identify as Zionists, which is a vast, overwhelming majority of Jews, is therefore no different to excluding anyone else on the basis of their faith, shared ancestry or national origin.
And Title VI of the Civil Rights Act specifically states that "[n]o person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in ... any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." Title VI also provides protection from discrimination on the basis of shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics.
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Let there be no equivocation: anti-Zionism is antisemitism. Denying the Jewish people's right to self-determination or Israel's very right to exist, is an antisemitic act of racism. By effectively saying "Zionists not welcome," what these student groups really mean, is that Jews aren't welcome. And instead of calling them out for this and acting, Chemerinsky and Berkeley Law are aiding and abetting in the exclusion, marginalization and silencing of Jews, in what is already a deeply hostile environment for Jewish students, faculty and staff.
As a number of Jewish students at Berkeley Law wrote, in the wake of the passage of this bylaw, it will now force them into an all too familiar position, of having to "deny or denigrate a part of their identity or be excluded from community groups."
No individual should be forced to make such a decision or to hide a most basic and fundamental component of their Jewish identity, let alone in a public place of education.
It is for these reasons that we could not sit idly by, while Jewish students are being so brazenly discriminated against at Berkeley Law.
The fact that "only a handful" of student groups adopted this racist by-law, in no way diminishes the gravity of the discrimination and injustice, nor the fact that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, that is meant to protect students from the exact kind of discriminatory actions that have been implemented at Berkeley Law, is being so flagrantly violated.
In filing this claim, we have called on the federal Office for Civil Rights (OCR) to initiate an urgent investigation of Berkeley Law and revoke the discriminatory bylaws.
In addition, OCR ought to compel UC Berkeley to adopt the widely endorsed International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) working definition of antisemitism, which specifically lists "Denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination," which goes to the very core of Zionism, as an example of contemporary antisemitism.
The OCR should further require the university to create a training program, to educate about antisemitism, its history and modern manifestations, in order to foster an environment on campus that is open, inclusive, and does not discriminate or marginalize Jewish students, including those who publicly identify as Zionist.
Why did we file this complaint against the University of California Berkeley School of Law? Because we will use every tool at our disposal to fight against antisemitism. Rest assured that we will continue to fight to protect Jewish students across the country from discrimination.
Gabriel Groisman is a partner at LSN Law in Miami, Florida, a Jewish rights leader and the former Mayor of Bal Harbour, Florida, and Arsen Ostrovsky is a human rights lawyer and CEO of the International Legal Forum.
The views expressed in this article are the writers' own.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: An attempt was made to logon, but the network logon service was not started, I am remotely connected to a machine on the network and at the same time from that same machine trying to mapp a drive located on another machine
I get the following error
"An attempt was made to logon, but the network logon service was not started"
Would you have any idee please,
Many thanks
Trevor

A: Open your Windows Start Menu, then search for the application called services.msc, run that, then Find the service under the alphabetically sorted list called Net Logon, right click it, choose start.  If it is set as a disabled service, enable it first, then choose start.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hartmut Brun (* 23. August 1950 in Dömitz) ist ein deutscher Publizist und Literaturforscher.

Leben
Hartmut Brun erlernte den Beruf eines Stahlschiffbauers und war danach als Schlosser, Werkstattmeister und Abteilungsleiter in einem Baubetrieb tätig. 1990 war er Bürgermeister in seinem Wohnort Polz, 1992 Mitarbeiter der Kreisverwaltung Ludwigslust. Ab 1996 arbeitete Brun als Dozent bei Bildungseinrichtungen in Ludwigslust und Neustadt-Glewe. Von 2004 bis 2010 leitete er das Schullandheim in Lenzen/Elbe.

Seit 1979 ist Hartmut Brun publizistisch tätig. Ein Schwerpunkt seiner Arbeit ist die Griese Gegend im Südwesten Mecklenburgs. Brun gab Ende der 1980er Jahre Bücher mit Arbeiten von Johannes Gillhoff und Richard Giese heraus, deren Werke zuvor mehrere Jahrzehnte nicht in der DDR erschienen waren. Er ist seit 1995 im Vorstand der Fritz Reuter Gesellschaft  und seit 2000 Vorsitzender der Johannes Gillhoff Gesellschaft.

Werke
 Der Reuterstein und seine Dichter. Schwerin, Stock und Stein 1996. ISBN 3-910179-74-6
 .. die Überraschung aber ist das Städtchen: Ludwigslust. Rostock, Hinstorff 2001. ISBN 3-356-00891-9
 Rathäuser in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Rostock, Hinstorff 2001. ISBN 3-356-00912-5
 Gillhoff-Preisträger: "Hier ist nicht Spiel noch Nachahmung". Rostock, Hinstorff 2002. ISBN 3-356-00936-2
 Strohkaten: Beiträge in den Mecklenburgischen Monatsheften 1925 – 1928. Rostock, BS-Verlag 2003. ISBN 3-89954-033-6

Ehrungen
 1990 Johannes-Gillhoff-Preis
 1990 Fritz-Reuter-Medaille der Landsmannschaft Mecklenburg
 2002 Fritz-Reuter-Literaturpreis der Reuterstadt Stavenhagen und des Fritz-Reuter-Literaturmuseums
 2017 Ehrennadel des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
 2019 Unkel-Bräsig-Preis

Literatur
 Beiträge der Fritz Reuter Gesellschaft, Band 21, S. 164. Rostock 2011.

Weblinks

Publizist
Bürgermeister (Landkreis Ludwigslust-Parchim)
Literatur (Deutsch)
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher
Geboren 1950
Mann
Person (Dömitz)
Person (Landkreis Prignitz)
Lenzen (Elbe)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Waddington, England—-RAF's first operational squadron equipped with the delta-winged Avro Vulcan has completed its conversion here. Crews of No. 83 Squadron, Bomber Command, have taken over the big white deltas from instructors of No. 23 Operational Conversion Unit.
Turbine era can mean big profit—or economic disaster if timetable race begins, airline committee warns.
Dallas—City of Dallas will celebrate completion of a major part of its $25 million expansion of Love Field this month with elaborate Texas-style ceremonies. In a week of festivities, Dallas will inaugurate its new $7.5 million terminal, a sprawling, eight-story green and red building that is the central feature in an expansion program that is virtually remaking Love Field.
Santa Barbara, Calif.—General Electric has assembled here a staff of more than 50 top physical and social scientists and engineers to answer a question of vital importance both to the nation and to the company: How can the newest concepts on the technological horizon and the capabilities of one of the country's largest defense electronics manufacturers best be applied to produce the weapon systems needed five to 15 years hence? General Electric's Technical Military Planning Operation, called Tempo for short, is unique in many respects in the defense industry.
Burbank—Differences in flight characteristics which pilots used to piston engines will encounter flying Lockheed's turboprop Electra transport should find favor if indications given by company's current flying test bed hold true.
Washington—Impact of Soviet satellite success, latest in a series of impressive Russian technological achievements, already has raised the status of military research and development from its lowest point in years. Although the U. S. satellite timetable apparently will not be accelerated, observers here agree that the Russian launching will serve as a stimulus to research and development programs that will help considerably to overcome the adverse affects of budget cuts.
Barcelona—Russia's satellite has totally eclipsed this Eighth International Astronautical Congress. Tremendous technical accomplishment of the Soviet scientists in launching a large and heavy satellite into the difficult north-south orbit came as a shock to many delegates here.
Denver—Active partnership in U.S. programs to modernize aviation facilities was offered business flyers by a White House official during National Business Aircraft Assn.'s 10th Annual Meeting & Forum here. This major political breakthrough, together with a display of jet-age technical developments that promise to have explosive effects on the U.S. aviation economy, forecast further increases in rate of growth of business flving, paving the way to a dominant position in the aviation industry in the next few years.
Beverly Hills, Calif.-Unique inhabited high-vacuum laboratory was unveiled here by Litton Industries, designer of the research tool, with the announcement that the vacuum chamber with an experimenter inside had been able to simulate 95-mi.-altitude pressure conditions.
Washington—U. S. cities will not be defended against the Soviet ICBM under present plans of the Department of Defense. Both of the competing anti-missile missile systems currently being developed, Army's Nike-Zeus and Air Force's Wizard, are considered too expensive for this.


text:
[ GOVERNOR ]
The race is on
The major standard-bearers both
make the case that they are
the candidate for change
By Richard Borreca
rborreca@starbulletin.com
Hawaii's gubernatorial campaign between Democrat Mazie Hirono and Republican Linda Lingle started to take shape yesterday with two key issues emerging early: who will woo supporters of state Rep. Ed Case, and how many debates will the candidates have.
Case gained 74,082 primary election votes Saturday, losing to Hirono by only about 2,600 votes.
In many areas during the primary, Case's message and support mirrored that of Lingle. They had a similar approach to splitting up the state's school board and cutting back on government. Case was also highly critical of Lt. Gov. Hirono for limiting the chances for debate to only one televised appearance.
Precinct-by-precinct vote returns also show that Case won many of the same areas, such as Kihei, Maui, and East Honolulu, that were dominated by Lingle four years ago in her first run for governor.
Lingle is already courting the Case voters, saying yesterday at a GOP unity meeting that "As Ed Case said so well, 'She has no plan ... she has no record, and with Mazie Hirono as the candidate, nothing will change.'"
Hirono, however, shot back that she had agreed to one debate, and she was not going to let Lingle set her agenda.
"She is not going to control this election for all of us," Hirono said.
"Her manipulations to try to force that is really political. We all know that it is political," Hirono said.
Former Maui Mayor Lingle says she has accepted invitations to 20 debates and forums, with the first one before the Building Industry Association tomorrow night. But Lingle said Hirono said she would not attend.
Barbara Tanabe, a spokeswoman for Hirono, said the invitation was misquoted and before Hirono could accept, she had another appearance scheduled for tomorrow.
Yesterday, during the Democrat's own unity breakfast, Case said his platform of change was essential for any Democrat who hoped to win in November.
"I am assuming she is going to want to take my issues into the campaign, and I think she knows it. I know it, the entire Democratic party knows it and the state of Hawaii knows it," Case said.
Case, however, gave Hirono an opening to agree to his platform.
"If a Democrat can articulate change in the context of traditional Democratic values, that's a winning combination. That is the challenge Mazie faces, and I think she is up to the challenge," Case said.
With only 45 days until the general election, neither Hirono nor Lingle has much time to savor their primary election victories before plunging into a full round of campaigning.
Hirono said yesterday she had expected that her big 26-point lead against Case would close, but she was surprised that it had narrowed to just 2,000 votes.
In a Star-Bulletin/KITV 4 News opinion poll in August, 44 percent of registered voters who said they were Democratic or leaning Democratic said they would vote for Hirono, while 18 percent said they would vote for Case.
"We are going to win in the general election. We will extend our grass roots. We will get more money to get the message out.
"I have been talking about bringing about positive change, and I have also talked about my record," Hirono said.
Democrats also hope to use Lingle's opposition to a bill to cap gasoline prices in Hawaii as a way to separate Democrats and Republicans. Democrats in the Legislature pushed through the gasoline cap, in reaction to the failure of the state to win in a lawsuit against the major oil companies.
"She (Lingle) would veto the gas cap," Hirono said. "That is not the kind of change we want."
For her part, Lingle was quick to also use the "change issue" against Hirono.
"Last night we heard Mazie Hirono say she was for change. The people throughout the state were laughing -- because she has been there for 20 years as part of the power structure," Lingle said.
"She is right about wanting change; she just isn't the person to bring it about," Lingle said.
Mazie Hirono
Born: Nov. 3, 1947
Background: Eight years as lieutenant governor, 14 years in the state House
Personal: Married to Leighton Oshima; no children
Linda Lingle
Born: June 4, 1953
Background: Eight years as Maui County mayor, 10 years on the Maui County Council
Personal: Divorced twice, no children
E-mail to City Desk


text:
Matchmaker Business
Search more Aquatic and Marine Businesses For Sale in the Dominican Rep.
Dominican Republic Resort In Puerto Plata For Sale
Puerto Plata, Dominican Rep.
$799,000 Furniture / Fixtures and Inventory / Stock included
Cash Flow: $50,000
Gross Revenue: $120,000
EBITDA: N/A
FF&E: $150,000
Inventory: $5,000*
Real Estate: $600,000
Established: N/A
*not included in asking price.
Seeking a lifestyle change? If you are interested in becoming an active, engaged investor in the splendor of a tropical paradise, this facility built in 2004 in Cabarete, Dominican Republic is definitely worth consideration! Requirements for ownership: best-suited for a couple who truly enjoys interacting with people, love the outdoors and the tropics as well as possess a willingness to fully immerse themselves into a new and interesting culture. Specifically, the real estate/ business is being sold by a Swiss-born ( U.S citizens) for $799 K; they have owned the facility for 5 years, and are desirous of enjoying the fruits of their labors from two businesses while still in good health. Although they are willing and ready to sell at any time, they would provide any and all necessary on-site training and stay actively involved for as long as the new owners would be in need of their expertise and guidance.
As an overview of this business, it provides accommodations closest to the world-class surfing spot known as Playa Encuentro. Competition is minimal, as there are no beachfront hotels or villas in Encuentro. Because of outstanding surf and beautiful beaches, this area is alluring for all sports enthusiasts; however, surfers and kiters are catered to with camps frequently offered. Sports enthusiasts from Europe and North America predominantly comprise the guests with Germans and Americans being the largest single groups. With a simplistic business model that offers clean, safe and fun accommodations for these sports lovers, management of the facility is fairly uncomplicated, as there is no food service offered. Since the Puerta Plata Airport is merely 20 minutes away, guests fly in daily from Miami, New York and Boston. Direct flights from Canada, Germany and Manchester, UK also bring guests to this tropical paradise.
Renovations by the present owners totaling $150K were done to upgrade the facility to US/European standards. Included in the renovations were: diesel generator, AC units in every room, security system, yoga platform, workshop, drinkable tap water, strong Wi Fi signals in all areas, grilling area, laundry facility, office and a new kitchen in the Penthouse. No outstanding maintenance issues exist, and there is a property management system online. Actual accommodations consist of 8 studio apartments located in a tropical garden with a pool; 5 apartments can lodge 3-4 guests while the 3 smaller apartments are exclusively for singles and couples. Directly above the larger apartments is the owners' apartment whichconsists of 3 bedrooms, 2 baths and a large terrace. Staff for the facility includes 2 maids and a gardner who have been employed here for quite a long time and are anxious to stay on with a new owner.
Financially, gross sales are $ 120K, and the business has generated not less than $50K-$60K per year in cash flow in the last 5 years. Approximately $600K of the assets for sale are directly related to the business while the rest relate to the Penthouse and to personal assets. Since long-term mortgage financing is extremely difficult to acquire in the DR, at least half of the asking price would be needed in cash at closing. Also included in the sale are the fixtures(FF&E ) which are valued at $150K. As added incentive,the owners would consider a substantial price reduction if no financing was needed.
With a cost of living at approximately $10L because there is no rent, no personal income taxes, inexpensive food and low costs, in general ,to live in the Dominican Republic, this can be a dream come true. In addition to a successful business, a prospective buyer may rest assured that the friendly island residents and spectacular tropical surroundings will offer and unparalleled lifestyle change!
Real Property Included
ON the north coast of the Dominican Rep.
Owner financing:
Owner financing is available. Please contact the seller for more information.
yes ...with half down
Furniture / Fixtures value:
$155,876 - included in the asking price
Inventory / Stock value:
$5,644 - included in the asking price
Aquatic and Marine Businesses in the Dominican Rep.
Hotels in the Dominican Rep.
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Businesses in the Dominican Rep.
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Women's Services provides monthly empowerment forums, featuring varied topics with guest speakers who are experts in their respective fields. These events are free of charge and open to the public. Topics have included domestic violence, debt counseling, fitness, stress management, housing resources, and more. Information for these events can be found on the Town of Babylon's calendar of events. For further information call(631) 464-4340 ext. 200 .


Meeru Island Resort, situated in North Male Atoll, is just a 20 minute seaplane ride from Male (or around 55 minutes if you prefer to go by speedboat). This is a four star resort featuring 276 rooms of various categories (prices at the lower end are for standard rooms, while the most expensive is the dolphin suite - about eight times as pricey).
Meeru offers one restaurant, three bars and a couple of coffee shops to guests - so good food is available at practically any time.
The facilities are also excellent, offering the type of activities that you would expect from a good quality Maldives resort. These include scuba diving naturally, spa facilities, internet connections, windsurfing and several excursions and day-trips.
Mirihi Island Resort, situated in South Ari Atoll, is a five star resort with just 36 rooms. It's a 20 minute sea-plane ride from the capital of Male.
The resort offers two main types of rooms - beach and water bungalows.
A good number of activities and facilities are available and Mirihi Island Resort offers visitors an enviable selection of food and drink. Recreation facilities include diving, excursions, watersports, a fitness centre and a spa.
Moofushi is a four star resort in South Ari Atoll with 60 rooms. Guests have a choice of 17 water bungalows and 45 beach bungalows.
There are two main restaurants and two bars at Moofushi Tourist Resort. Facilities include a massage centre, a scuba centre, and several excursions such as a trip to fisherman's island & desert island.


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In der Geometrie sind Heintze-Gruppen gewisse auflösbare Lie-Gruppen, die nach einem Satz von Ernst Heintze die einzigen negativ gekrümmten homogenen Räume sind.

Sie sind von Bedeutung als wichtige Klasse von Beispielen in der "Large Scale Geometry". Eine offene Vermutung besagt, dass Heintze-Gruppen nur dann quasi-isometrisch sind, wenn sie isomorph sind.

Definitionen
Eine Heintze-Gruppe ist eine Lie-Gruppe, die ein semidirektes Produkt  mit einer einfach zusammenhängenden, nilpotenten Lie-Gruppe  und einer Derivation  der Lie-Algebra  ist, welche der Bedingung genügt, dass alle Eigenwerte von  positiven Realteil haben.

Man spricht von einer reinen Heintze-Gruppe, wenn alle Eigenwerte von  positive reelle Zahlen sind.

Eine reine Heintze-Gruppe ist vom Carnot-Typ, wenn der Eigenraum zum kleinsten Eigenwert von  die Lie-Algebra  erzeugt.

Wenn  eine abelsche Gruppe ist, heißen die Heintze-Gruppen  vom abelschen Typ.

Eigenschaften
Heintze-Gruppen sind auflösbare Lie-Gruppen. Sie haben negative Schnittkrümmung.

Beispiele
Alle symmetrischen Räume nichtkompakten Typs vom Rang 1 sind Heintze-Gruppen, insbesondere auch der reell-hyperbolische und der komplex-hyperbolische Raum. Man erhält diese symmetrischen Räume als semidirektes Produkt einer Horosphäre (die eine nilpotente Lie-Gruppe ist) mit .

Satz von Heintze
Alle homogenen Räume negativer Schnittkrümmung sind Heintze-Gruppen.

Klassifikation bis auf Quasi-Isometrie
Eine offene Vermutung besagt, dass quasi-isometrische Heintze-Gruppen isomorph sind. Diese Vermutung ist bewiesen für Heintze-Gruppen vom Carnot-Typ und vom abelschen Typ.

Literatur
 Ernst Heintze:  On homogeneous manifolds of negative curvature. Math. Ann. 211, 23–34, 1974.
 Ursula Hamenstädt: Zur Theorie von Carnot-Carathéodory Metriken und ihren Anwendungen. Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1986.
 Pierre Pansu:  Métriques de Carnot-Carathéodory et quasiisométries des espaces symétriques de rang un. Ann. of Math. (2), 129(1), 1–60, 1989.
 Pierre Pansu: Dimension conforme et sphére à l'infini des variétés à courbure négative. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A I Math., 14(2), 177–212, 1989.
 Xiangdong Xie: Large scale geometry of negatively curved . Geom. Topol., 18(2), 831–872, 2014.
 Matias Carrasco, Emiliano Sequiera: On quasi-isometry invariants associated to the derivation of a Heintze group., ArXiv

Lie-Gruppe
Riemannsche Mannigfaltigkeit
Differentialgeometrie
Metrische Geometrie


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Home»Posts tagged with»Top1
Stone-cutters accepts editor applications
By Bryant Wu on October 1, 2015 News
The Harvard-Westlake Stone-cutters literary magazine is accepting editor applications for three editors: literary, visual and web. The applications are due on Oct. 2, and applications can be found on the website. The main duties of the editors are to find new ways to generate publicity, create and maintain the Stone-cutters website and proofread all submissions. In addition, […]
Wolverines fall in season opener
By Bennett Gross on August 29, 2015 Football, Sports
The Wolverines lost to the Loyola Cubs 34-0 Aug 28 in each team's first game of the season. Starting Quarterback Marshal Cohen '16 was injured during the first quarter of the game on a run play. Cohen, coming off of ACL surgery during his sophomore season will have an MRI on Monday. He was replaced by […]
Corrin '16, Florent '15 named All-American, qualify for Team USA
By Jake Liker on June 30, 2015 Sports
Courtney Corrin '16 and Alex Florent '15 will represent Team USA at the 2015 Pan American Junior Athletic Championships thanks to record-setting performances last week at the USA Track and Field Junior National Championships in Eugene, Oregon. Corrin jumped a wind-aided 21 feet, 6.25 inches en route to winning the women's long jump, setting a new personal […]
World Language Honors Society inducts new members
By Scott Nussbaum on May 19, 2015 News
Students were inducted into the World Languages Honor Society for their achievements in studying Chinese, French, Latin and Spanish May 19 in Rugby Auditorium. Following the reception, students and parents were invited to an outdoor reception. In addition to the induction, teachers in each language named the recipient of the outstanding senior award. Xenia Viragh '15 […]
Alumnus speaks to cinema studies classes
By Jacob Goodman on May 17, 2015 News
Max Baril '06 spoke to two cinema studies classes Friday about the ways villains have been portrayed in superhero movies after the attacks on 9/11. Baril has a bachelors degree in Film Critical Studies from USC and a masters in Cinema Studies from NYU. Baril spoke about how villains in the modern blockbuster "DC" and […]
Cárdenas to replace Adegbile as dean
By Sammi Handler on May 7, 2015 News
Celso Cárdenas will replace Dean Tamar Adegbile next year, Head of Upper School Audrius Barzdukas said in an email to parents today. Cárdenas was previously the Associate Director of College Counseling at Francis W. Parker School in Chicago. He will take over as dean for Adegbile's current sophomores and juniors as well as next year's incoming sophomores. […]
Prefect Council announces election results
By Eugenia Ko on April 23, 2015 News
Prefect Council announced the 2015-2016 prefects in an e-mail April 23. The senior prefects are Helene Miles, Jordan Strom, Shelby Weiss and Adam Yaron. The junior prefects are Lexi Block, Charlie Noxon, Matt Thomas and Cate Wolfen. Hunter Brookman and Grace Pan were elected head prefects before spring break. Yaron was elected as a male […]
Violence, assault are men's issues, activist tells assembly
By Jesse Nadel on April 20, 2015 News
Anti-sexist activist Jackson Katz encouraged students at an upper school assembly Monday to shift the rhetoric of gender violence from a women's issue to a male issue. "Historically, people have seen sexual assault and gender violence issues as women's issues that some good men help out with. I argue that these are men's issues first […]
Prefect candidates discuss campaign platforms at Prefect Election Fair
Junior and senior prefect candidates displayed their campaign platforms at the first-ever Prefect Election Fair during break. Junior prefect Grace Pan said the Prefect Council is hoping to change many aspects of the prefect election process. Siddarth Kucheria, Brandon Lim, Helene Miles, Kelly Morrison, William Ruppenthal, Brendan Sanderson, Jordan Strom, Dietrich Tribull, Shelby Weiss, Nina […]
College coach takes over boys' basketball program
By Adviser on March 28, 2015 Basketball (Boys), News
David Rebibo has been named boys' basketball program head, the school announced Friday afternoon. He will also be a physical education teacher at the middle school, and will begin with the Wolverines after Spring Break. Rebibo had been an assistant Ccach with the men's basketball team at the University of San Francisco since 2013. Prior to […]


come back for me, take me along for the ride.
in grams on ethereal scales how much would they weigh?
as I spun it just for you.
a gentle lattice about nothing.
we can still hear it echo.
was instead a tiny bird.


text:
Talent Fights Back: How To Keep Sales People Out Of The Studio
This story is a classic. I love it when talent fights back. The morning show has been at the station for many years, and had great relationships with the sales team. To their credit, this is an advertiser-friendly show that really cares about the station's success in all areas. But they had a problem.
The sales team had fallen into a habit of entering the studio anytime they had a question. This had gone unchecked for years, despite the PD's best efforts to get them to respect the show's hours on the air. Nothing seemed to work.
Your studio is your sanctuary. Keep outsiders where they belong: Outside!
Over time, new competition came into the market. The show's ratings started to slip and the quality of the show had declined. That's one of the problem points where many stations end up hiring me. During my first visit, watching the show perform was like sitting in a coffee shop at Grand Central Station. The traffic in and out of the studio was constant.
I brought it up in the post-show meeting. It was clear that there was a problem. Past efforts to fix it had failed and the two biggest offenders were the cluster's top sales people.
Talent Fights Back
With the General Manager's permission, the show taught them a lesson and fixed the problem.
We found out that those two offenders (and the sales manager) had a meeting scheduled with the biggest ad agency in the market to discuss several clients. It was an important presentation that started at 2pm.
At 2:20, after just enough time for them to get into the meat of their presentation, the morning show walked into the meeting without knocking. They just burst in and started asking the sales people questions about promotions and ads for accounts that had nothing to do with the agency.
The meeting was disrupted, the flow of the pitch destroyed and the account executives were clearly flustered. And embarrassed.
This is a classic story that taught radio sales people to keep out of the studio
They account executives were furious, and all hell broke loose. The GM moderated a meeting with the show and the PD, and calmly explained that this is exactly what happens many times a day, every time a sales person comes into the studio.
The sales manager got the point, and issued a direct order that prohibited his people from contacting any air personalities while on the air. With no exceptions. In an emergency, they can communicate with the PD, not the show.
And the air talent made a commitment to be available to sales for 45 minutes per day, four days a week (Monday-Thursday).
Because they are sales-friendly air personalities, the show called the ad agency to apologize and explain. Then sent cookies as a goodwill gesture.
The station had a great relationship with them, and everyone at the agency had a great laugh about it.
Internally: The problem was solved. And, to my knowledge, has not raised it's ugly head again.
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Swimming into "A SQUID HAS THREE HEARTS"
Climate change. Childbirth. Helplessness. Hope. It's all in the water in A SQUID HAS THREE HEARTS, Umbrella Collective's latest workshop, taking place January 28th and 29th.
A SQUID HAS THREE HEARTS follows Quinn, a soon-to-be-parent who is forced to examine the environmental consequences of bringing a child into the world. The piece merges music and fluid physicality to create a story that lingers somewhere between fairy tale and hard reality.
We're so thrilled to have a stellar cast of actors and creators working on SQUID:
siQuinn . . . Gracie Anderson
Gracie is a performer based in the Twin Cities. A graduate of Perpich Center for Arts Education and holder of a B.F.A. in Musical Theatre from the University of Minnesota Duluth, Gracie has worked at Old Log Theater, Yellow Tree Theater, Artistry, 7th House Theater, Renegade Theater Company, and many more. In 2016, Gracie was named Best Emerging Actress in Minneapolis City Pages.
Ramona . . . Alexandra Nedved
Alexandra is a recent graduate of the University of Minnesota BA Performance Creation program. She also holds a double major in Global Studies with concentrations in South America and Environmental Sustainability along with a Gender Studies minor. Alexandra has a love of experimental art/theatre that blends language and movement to tell visceral stories. Theatrical creation has become a vehicle for personal as well as community-engaged transformation for her. In using theatre as a tool to explore complex social topics she hopes to create work that questions normalized institutions, invites discussion, and deepens our understanding of the interconnectedness of our world(s).
Squid . . . Cameron Reeves
Cameron Reeves is back again creating work with Umbrella Collective! Cameron comes from McHenry, Illinois and received his BFA in musical theatre from Drake University where he performed in several productions. He has had the pleasure of working other companies such as The Guthrie Theater, Minneapolis Musical Theatre, Sidekick Theatre, Frank Theatre, Playhouse on the Square, Nebraska Shakespeare, Heritage Theatre Festival, The Repertory Theatre of Iowa and Stagewest Theatre Co. He would like to thank his friends and family for their constant love, support and advice.
Miles . . . Courtney Stirn
Courtney Stirn is a jack-of-all-arts living in the Twin Cities, and is thrilled to be collaborating with old and new friends on this musical journey. Recent credits include As You Like It with 21/40 Productions, FRIGID with Umbrella Collective's Night of New Works, TART with The BAND Group, The Ravagers and Ex-Gays with Umbrella Collective, Much Ado About Nothing with Desperate for Approval, and The Smitty Complex with 20% Theater Company's Q-Stage. When not in a designated performance space, Courtney makes one by inventing silly voices with friends, noodling on musical instruments, and writing good words for the future.
Dana . . . Amber Davis
Amber has been working with Umbrella Collective in various capacities since 2010. They have a BA in Theater from Augsburg College, and studied at the School of International Training in Bali with emphasis in Balinese dance and puppetry. Amber is a person in their thirties. They like beer and roller skating.
CREATIVE:
Project Leader / Composer . . . Mark Sweeney
Mark Sweeney is a performer and writer based in the Twin Cities. He's performed at Actors Theatre of Minnesota, Artistry, Troupe America and HUGE Theater among many other local stages. As a producer, he co-created Perpetual Motion Theater Company and Catalog Models, both having sellout runs in the Minnesota Fringe Festival. He is a Nautilus Music-Theatre Composer/Librettist Studio participant and a proud company member of Umbrella Collective. Mark holds a BFA in Musical Theatre from Millikin University in Decatur, IL.
Director . . . Eli Purdom
This is Eli's fourth time working with Umbrella Collective, third time as a company member, first time directing! He is very excited to be working in this new capacity, and is thrilled to be continuing the work of Squid in this new iteration.
Music Director . . . Keith Hovis
Keith Hovis is a playwright and composer based in the Twin Cities. His work has been produced by Freshwater Theatre, Market Garden Theatre, Revisionary Theatre Collective, the University of Minnesota, Six Elements Theater, Box Wine Theater, Luther College in Iowa, and the Minnesota Fringe Festival. Keith's one-act musical, Mrs. Housel: A Suicide Suite was featured at the 2014 Ivey Awards, and his first full-length musical, Pioneer Suite, premiered with Freshwater Theatre in October 2015. His hit 2017 Minnesota Fringe Festival musical, Jefferson Township Sparkling Junior Talent Pageant, is currently in development with Park Square Theater, and a full-length version will premiere in June 2019. As a composer, his work has been commissioned by Theater Mu, Mixed Blood Theater, and Fortune's Fool Theater. Education: University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Nautilus Music-Theater Composer-Librettist Studio.
Dramaturg . . . Laura Leffler
Laura is the Emeritus Artistic Director of Umbrella Collective. She led the company from 2007-2018 and dramaturged, performed, directed, wrote, and produced over 29 projects in that time. Additional theatrical adventures include assistant directing THE LEGEND OF GEORGIA McBRIDE (Guthrie), REFUGIA (Guthrie/The Moving Company), COME HELL AND HIGH WATER (The Moving Company), FISHTANK (Theatre de la Jeune Lune), BY THE BOG OF CATS... (Frank Theatre at the Guthrie), and more. She was named "Best Director" in 2018 by City Pages. She is the Associate Artistic Director at Park Square Theatre and will be performing in ANTIGONE there in February, and directing JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP SPARKLING JUNIOR TALENT PAGEANT there this summer.
& YOu!
We need YOUR help to bring A SQUID HAS THREE HEARTS to life!
Umbrella Collective believes the audience is a vital part of the creation process. Come experience a fresh new play-in-progress, and lend your voice to the play-making process! Umbrella Collective brings the rough drafts, big ideas, and burning questions to the audience par-baked to give YOU a chance to help shape the future of the work. Come join us at...
A SQUID HAS THREE HEARTS Workshop
Tickets are sliding scale $5 - $20 in advance and at the door. Get advance tickets here
January 28 & 29, 2019 at 7:30pm (Doors open at 7pm)
at SpringBOX, 262 University Ave W, Saint Paul, MN 55103
Please join Umbrella Collective as we celebrate our outgoing Artistic Director Laura Leffler at a special post-workshop reception on Tuesday, January 29th, 2019 from 9:00 - 10:00 PM.
Together is better.
Get under the umbrella.
Umbrella Collective


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Climate Now
Green Generation
Green in the City
'Toadzilla': How is this record-breaking toad a threat to Australia's ecosystem?
The cane toad it weighed in at a record-breaking 2.7 kg, earning it the nickname Toadzilla. - Copyright Cover Media via Reuters
By Angela Symons • Updated: 25/01/2023
A record-breaking giant toad has been discovered in Conway National Park in Queensland, Australia.
Park ranger Kylee Gray was "shocked" to spot the huge cane toad during a patrol deep in the rainforest earlier this month.
Kylee and her colleagues caught the vast animal and brought it back to their office, where it weighed in at 2.7 kg, earning it the nickname Toadzilla.
Guinness World Records lists the largest toad at 2.65 kg, a 1991 record set by a Swedish pet.
Toadzilla has now been euthanised and its body donated to the Queensland Museum for research.
Why was Toadzilla euthanised?
Cane toads, also known as giant toads, are native to South and Central America. They were introduced to Australia from Hawaii in 1935 to control cane beetles and other pests, but their population exploded.
They are now considered an invasive 'feral' species, and have devastating impacts on Australia's ecosystem. Toadzilla was therefore euthanised - the usual fate for the toads across Australia - due to its 'ecological impact'.
Nature's best friend: Scientists train dogs to sniff out dangerous invasive species
Scientists are asking schoolchildren to help track marine life fleeing from warming oceans
With no natural predators, cane toads have become a threat to native Australian species, explains senior park ranger Barry Nolan.
"A female cane toad like potentially Toadzilla would lay up to 35,000 eggs [twice a year]. So their capacity to reproduce is quite staggering," he continues. "And all parts of the cane toad's breeding cycle are poisonous to Australian native species, so prevention is a big part of how we need to manage them."
The giant cane toad was found in Conway National Park.Canva | Cover Media via Reuters
How many cane toads are there in Australia?
Cane toads now number over 200 million in Australia and have colonised much of the north of the country, where they've caused the decline of native species. They have also appeared in the Kimberley region of Western Australia - one of the country's last biodiversity strongholds. They typically devastate local native predators by 90 per cent within a few months of arrival, according to WWF Australia.
Cane toads are toxic and have been known to poison animals that prey on them. They spread diseases, deplete native fauna and reduce prey populations for native insect-eating species.
While cane toads will eat anything they can swallow, they mostly live on a diet of insects. It was initially hoped cane toads would replace the need for pesticides. However, they have failed to control cane beetles, which feed on sugarcane crops.
The toxic toads can live between five to 15 years in the wild. As they evolve to be larger, they are capable of travelling and spreading further.
Video editor • Joanna Adhem
ANIMAL KINGDOM BIODIVERSITY PESTICIDES RAIN FOREST NATURE CONSERVATION ANIMALS
The emissions-saving solutions that also help you live longer
It hasn't snowed for 321 days in New York City. Here's why.
What is greenhushing? The greenwashing tactics you might overlook
Animal rights group suing rail company after pet cat killed by train
Worst impacts of sea level rise will hit earlier than expected
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GAZA (Reuters) - The Gaza offices of President Mahmoud Abbas's official Palestine Television station were attacked and ransacked on Friday, adding to tensions between his Palestinian Authority and the Islamist Hamas movement which rules the territory.
Rafat Al-Qidra, the office director, said five men broke into the premises early on Friday and destroyed cameras, editing and broadcast equipment worth nearly $150,000.
"Whoever rules in Gaza must afford protection to everyone here," Qidra told Reuters.
The station broadcasts material supportive of Abbas's Western-backed Authority, whose power base lies in the West Bank. Station officials immediately blamed Hamas for the attack.
"Hamas is deeply involved in this conspiracy," said Ahmed Assaf, chairman of the Palestininan Broadcast Corporation (PBC), speaking to the channel in the West Bank city of Ramallah.
The PBC issued a statement saying the attack was a "clear reflection of the mentality of the Hamas movement and criminal gangs who believe only in their voice, and who seek to suppress freedoms".
Neither Assaf nor the PBC offered any evidence for their accusations, and Hamas officials swiftly condemned the incident.
"What happened is rejected, and we condemn it," Eyad Al-Bozom said in a statement issued by the Hamas-run Interior Ministry in Gaza. He urged the station's officials to cooperate with investigators.
The two rivals have failed to end the divisions since 2007. Egypt has brokered a Palestinian reconciliation pact that provides for Hamas to cede control of Gaza to Abbas, but a dispute over power-sharing has hindered implementation of the deal.
The TV station was able to continue broadcasting from Gaza later in the day. The attack was widely condemned by other Palestinian political factions and by journalists.


text:
Grief in the Modern Age
For no reason other than coincidence, three recent books I have read have touched on the subject of death and grief in modern and interesting ways. Or maybe calling it coincidence is a lie. A good amount of my own writing lately has been about parents and grief, and the physical and emotional residue that a parent's death leaves for the next generation.
Each book has a death in its center, the vortex around which the book propels. In one book the deceased is a father; in another, a wife; and in the third, a close friend. I enjoyed all three to varying degrees.
Michael Kimball's Big Ray came up during my Catapult Fiction Workshop in response to a story I had posted there, and that book happened to be sitting on my nightstand at the time, so I moved it up in the queue.
In Big Ray, the residue comes from the complicated relationship between Danny, the narrator, and the title character, his recently deceased father. Ray is a large man who can slide toward cruelty with heartless ease. Following his divorce from Danny's mother, he stops taking care of himself, growing morbidly obese and gambling away his retirement savings.
The story is told in vignettes, with no real dialogue to speak of; little by little a life is sketched in, one of a man whose presence, it becomes apparent, could eat up all of the energy in the room. As Danny adds in more flashes of memory, some chilling realizations come to light. It's an honest indicator of how death often causes us to regard our relationship with a person in wide angle for the first time.
My father used to do this thing when we were in public and he didn't want to be seen yelling at me or hitting me. He would put his arm around me and rest his hand on my shoulder in a way that must have looked affectionate to anybody who saw it. Then he would grip some muscle in my shoulder so hard it would make me seize up. The gesture must have made him look like a good father, but I wouldn't be able to move or talk or even scream out in pain.
There aren't a lot of happy memories in Big Ray, but there are a lot of occurrences that shift the burden of the relationship onto the much more mindful Danny; it is as though he is retracing a path wondering where, if at all, things might have changed for the better. The reflections turn up a lament not for the father that Danny lost but for the one he never got to have.
Paul Lisicky's The Narrow Door is a celebration of the bumps and stretches of a friendship between two strong personalities, the author and the novelist Denise Gess (Good Deeds), that grew when both were struggling to establish themselves as writers, as well as his relationship with his former lover, a poet known here as M.
Gess battled recurring cancer for much of her adult life and succumbed in 2009. Because she and Lisicky are both writers, meeting when he is a grad student at Rutgers and she's a teaching assistant, already with a novel, their relationship, when not maneuvering around sickness, builds precariously on encouragement, envy and confession, resentment, and forgiveness. Lisicky handles ably what is essentially the responsibility of writing for two voices. From the tone of the email correspondence they exchange, the heaviness of their sighs, the prolonged silences, the reader is let in on the high plane on which these two personalities coexisted.
The correspondence allows us to hear from Gess in her own words, for which it is clear she had a gift of projecting intimacy. Both share the writer's playful, teasing code. In spite of illness, Gess carries on a string of affairs, including one with a married man known here as Famous Writer, which positions her as a passionate giver and unapologetic taker in contrast to the author's cautiously treaded marriage to M. She finds the energy to get up and dance on the night of Barack Obama's election in 2008; when she talks to another writer, her face brightens "as if promises and little deals are being passed back and forth." She and the narrator cook a meal together, "a fifty-fifty thing, and the fact that we can move, without bumping or getting in each other's way, seems like a beautiful thing." Her heart sinks when her editor hates her second book and she can't hide her bitterness when the author gets accepted into an exclusive writer's conference, during which Lisicky writes, "But at every turn I'm thinking about Denise. Not just what I'll reports back to her, but what I'll withhold from her: I don't want her to think I'm having too good a time." There are misbehaviors, breaks in the spell, and efforts to mend without the embarrassment of full apology.
The third book, Tom McAllister's The Young Widower's Handbook, might be the most straightforward of the group. It also has the most modern sensibility, as it approaches grief from the angle of performance—the feeling that, in this day and age, we cannot even take on the task of hurting and healing without tinging the process with some kind of irony.
Framed as a road novel, The Young Widower's Handbook follows a young man named Hunter Cady, whose wife has suddenly passed away. It happens when Hunter and Kait were still feeling out their dreams, finding traction. After Kait's body is cremated and the insurance check cashed, Hunter finds himself alone in a new silence:
When he opens his eyes, he see thousands of ghosts in his home, each one a vision of Kait at a different stage of their shared life; they crowd into the house shoulder-to-shoulder and some are cooking and some are sleeping and some are dancing and some are hanging pictures and everywhere around him there are Kaits. Kait in the wallpaper and bubbling in the water supply and buzzing in the wiring in the walls. He calls out to her but she doesn't respond. His voice sounds like it is underwater.
Eventually Hunter settles on an action plan: to take Kait's ashes with him on a cross-country road trip, visiting all of the destinations they had talked about visiting together. The book then becomes a road trip novel, with Hunter encountering eccentrics along the way, and though it risks becoming one of those overstretched narratives in which a young, troubled character shirks his responsibilities, it rings true by avoiding easy solution and letting a sense of memory and emotional obligation be the driving force. Hunter takes selfies with the urn and posts them on social media, his friends reacting initially with support, then concern. Kait's family grows impatient. Apart from his parents, who are limited in their willingness to empathize, Hunter has no sounding board: no bro-buddy or brother who can lure him toward an unserious perspective. We realize by the end that such a character wouldn't have belonged because Kait was Hunter's best friend.
What rings particularly true about The Young Widower's Handbook is the expectation of behavior foisted upon us when someone close to us dies, when you feel others watching your every move. It it has wise observations regarding how we grieve in the Internet age, when there's this perceived responsibility to show others that we are okay when we are not, or following the path of progress that is expected of us. Grief is idiosyncratic; frustratingly, no two routes are the same, which clashes with the impulses of those around us to guide our consolations along what is standard and predictable. There's somehow this impression that we are violating the sanctity of another soul if we attempt to do something that makes our grief personal and ours.
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2017 was a year of terrible climate disruption worldwide, and 2018 isn't starting off any better. Two weeks ago, there was a near-record storm surge in Thames. Last week, Greymouth was hit by flash flooding.
It's astonishing and appalling that a Government that says all the right words about the need for action on climate change may nevertheless let a new coal mine go ahead on the West Coast, when it could stop that mine with the stroke of a pen.
We're calling on the responsible Ministers, Labour's Megan Woods and the Greens' Eugenie Sage, to do the right thing for our country, our climate and our planet and say "No!" to this project. Sign our petition by Friday to tell these two Ministers – no to a Te Kuha mine, no to new coal!


This entry was posted in Feeling Good Podcast, Podcast and tagged Chemical Imbalance Theory, Depression, ECT, TEAM-CBT, The Upgrade. Bookmark the permalink.
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Countertop Water Distiller Video - Do You Want To Drink This Good?
A countertop water distiller will leave you with pure water that tastes great, but it's also likely to solidify your mistrust of what comes out of your municipal water system or well.
The minerals in water as well as the chemicals are left behind when the distiller is done, and you can see the filth you've likely been consuming for years. There's the foul-smelling brown puddle, and the white goo mixture that's enough to make anyone leery.
Read how a countertop water distiller can be part of a healthy raw food lifestyle.


Along with many issues already covered in this forum, which I also have had to put up with, and are well documented, the latest one for me is that the Aircraft now suddenly loads into FSX Minus its Tailplane and Radome? I have done nothing to FSX or the addon files to provoke this?
It seems that everytime I decide to fly the Canberra theres always something going crop up to thwart the enjoyment.
I seriously question now if it is worth the money spent, especially since there seems to have been plenty of time and opportunity to fix the problems.
A fact that I will consider very carefully before I commit to any further expendature.
Please contact our support team (http://www.justflight.com/support-contact) if you are still getting these problems after installing the latest version of the product (SP3). If you have already submitted a ticket then please reply to that existing ticket.


Support programme: all pilots working for European airlines will have access to a support programme that will assist and support pilots in recognising, coping with, and overcoming problems which might negatively affect their ability to safely exercise the privileges of their licence.
Alcohol testing: As an additional safety barrier, alcohol testing of pilots and cabin crew for all European and foreign airlines who fly into the territories of the European Union, has been added. Alcohol testing is already a well-established practice in some Member States and with this Regulation alcohol testing will now be extended to all EU Member States within the next two years.
Psychological assessment: European airlines will perform a psychological assessment of their pilots before the start of employment.
"These new European rules take up the proposals EASA made in its swift follow-up of the Germanwings Flight 9525 accident, in consultation with the wider aviation community. With these rules Europe introduces the right tools to safeguard the mental fitness of air crew. During the two year transition period, EASA will actively support European and international stakeholders in implementing this new Regulation". As part of a total system approach, the new rules (so-called Air OPS Implementing Rules) complement the proposals EASA issued in August 2016, on the update of medical requirements for pilots (Part-MED).
Effective October 3, 2018, Etihad Airways will introduce the Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner on its scheduled services from Abu Dhabi to Rabat, capital of the Kingdom of Morocco, replacing the Airbus A330-300 currently serving the route.
The introduction of the technologically advanced aircraft on Rabat services is a further boost to its presence in the Moroccan market. On May 1 this year, the airline placed the 787 Dreamliner on its daily flights to the kingdom's commercial hub, Casablanca. The move to place the aircraft on Rabat flights will provide customers travelling on Etihad Airways' Moroccan routes with full product consistency, the latest inflight technology, and increased cargo capacity to further boost trade.
Delta Air Lines and its partner Aeromexico will connect the city of Detroit with Queretaro starting Sept. 17, 2018, creating a bridge between these two major industrial cities.
This is the 13th route launched under the Joint Cooperation Agreement between both airlines, strengthening the power of the network in the transborder market. The route will be operated on Embraer 190 aircraft with 99 passenger seats, 11 in Clase Premier.
The Boeing Company has reported second-quarter revenue of US$24.3 billion reflecting higher commercial deliveries and mix, defense volume and services growth. GAAP earnings per share increased to US$3.73 and core earnings per share (non-GAAP) increased to US$3.33 reflecting solid execution across the company. Results also reflect a charge related to the previously announced Spirit litigation outcome ($0.21 per share). Boeing delivered strong operating cash flow of US$4.7 billion, repurchased US$3.0 billion of shares, and paid US$1.0 billion of dividends.
The company's revenue guidance increased US$1 billion to between US$97.0 and US$99.0 billion, driven by defense volume and services growth. Commercial Airplanes margin guidance is increased to greater than 11.5% on strong performance and Defense, Space & Security margin guidance was adjusted to reflect the impact of cost growth on the KC-46 Tanker program.
Boeing Commercial Airplanes second-quarter revenue was US$14.5 billion reflecting higher deliveries and mix. Second-quarter operating margin increased to 11.4%, reflecting strong operating performance on production programs, including a higher 787 margin, partially offset by a charge of US$307 million related to cost growth on the KC-46 Tanker program. This cost growth was primarily due to higher estimated costs of incorporating changes into six flight test and two early build aircraft as well as additional costs as it progress through late stage testing and the certification process. Boeing continues to make steady progress towards final certification for KC-46 Tanker and recently completed all flight tests required to deliver the first aircraft, which is expected to be in October this year as now agreed upon with the U.S. Air Force.
Commercial Airplanes booked 239 net orders during the quarter, including 91 widebodies. Backlog remains robust with nearly 5,900 airplanes valued at US$416 billion.
328 Support Services GmbH (328 SSG), the type certificate holder of the Dornier 328, has signed a Letter of Intent with AMC Aviation, the North Carolina, US-based aircraft sales and leasing company to develop a multi-role/ multi-mission humanitarian version of the D328 turboprop. Working with its partners, Jetran International and Jetcor Aviation Services, the group has committed to an initial three aircraft in the conversion programme.
The deal was ratified at last week's Farnborough International Airshow between 328 SSG's CEO Dave Jackson and Chris Stern, General Manager of AMC Aviation.
The first two D328s are ex Corning aircraft and are planned to enter modification and maintenance this August at 328's Oberpfaffenhofen Airport, near Munich base, to be ready for delivery in early 2019. A third aircraft, with the same modifications and additional systems plus Air Operable AFT cargo door and oversized windows on either side of the aircraft, will follow.
The initial programme of work on the first two 328s will cover - C1 through to C4 maintenance checks; upgrades to the existing avionic systems; modifications such as ADS-B out, Dual Flight Management (FMS), plus SATCOM with Wi-Fi and satellite tracking capabilities. The installation of gravel kit for better unapproved runway operations and provisioning for systems including retractable turret for EO/IR camera installations and other systems will further enhance the aircraft's operational advantages.
The 328s will be delivered with 12 different interior options in Passenger/Passenger-Cargo (Combi)/ Medevac/Casevac versions. In each the toilet and galley system will be relocated to the forward portion of the aircraft for AFT loading and Air Dropping of cargo.
328 SSG is currently engaged on a "Re-Entry into Service" inspection programme, taking the aircraft to the latest standards for maintenance. This certifies the Type Certificate holder has inspected and repaired the aircraft to near production level standards so they can operate into jurisdictions that have strict aircraft age limitations.
A group of 15 air traffic control students from the kingdom of Bahrain have completed their ICAO 051 training with Airways New Zealand, the globally renowned air navigation service provider.
The agreement with the Bahrain Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications' Civil Aviation Affairs (MTT), SERCO IAL and Tamkeen to provide ICAO 051 air traffic control training within the region is a first for Airways New Zealand, which provides air traffic control training services to customers around the globe. The Middle East is a key market for Airways – the ANSP has been delivering ATC training solutions and consultancy services in this region for more than 20 years.
Two instructors from Airways Training travelled to Bahrain in mid-May to commence training with the 15 students over a period of seven weeks. The students complemented their face-to-face training with the ICAO 051 Airbooks training package – a digital learning resource which helped to bring the course content to life for the students through the use of interactive animations, graphics and video content.
Aviation consultancy IBA has appointed Peter Walter as Director - Asset Management.
Walter joins IBA from Bellinger Asset Management where he was Head of Origination and Client Relations EMEA. He will oversee IBA's asset management growth plan as it seeks to expand its breadth of expertise and broaden its range of services in line with emerging global opportunities.
Prior to Bellinger, Walter worked as Fleet Planning Director for Flybe and also spent over 10 years in aviation finance roles at Santander and Alliance & Leicester.
In his previous roles Walter acquired many years' experience across aviation transactions and asset management strategies looking at new aircraft with top tier airlines, higher yield asset risks, remarketing, leasing and mid-life to part-out transactions with a total value of over US$3.5 billion.
Piedmont Airlines, a wholly owned subsidiary of the American Airlines Group, will open a new maintenance operation at Albany International Airport (ALB) to service its growing fleet of Embraer 145 aircraft.
Piedmont expects to begin hiring for the base in August bringing more than 50 jobs to the area. The new facility will provide maintenance support for Piedmont's northern routes, including international routes out of Philadelphia.
Piedmont will hire airframe and power plant mechanics, quality control inspectors, aircraft parts clerks and avionics technicians for the new base.
Independent MRO provider Monarch Aircraft Engineering (MAEL), is to open a new Component Maintenance Centre in Northampton in September 2018.
The new Centre, in which MAEL has invested approximately £2 million, is being located in Northampton as that is mid-way between its Luton and Birmingham base maintenance facilities and on the motorway network within four hours' drive of all of its UK line maintenance stations.
20 people will work at the new Component Maintenance Centre, with 10 new jobs being created. The Centre will be led by Lee Burgess, MAEL's Head of Maintenance.
Since becoming an independent MRO provider in October 2017, MAEL has announced a wide range of new agreements with airlines which, in addition to Thomas Cook, include Virgin Atlantic Airways, China Airlines, Wizz Air, Icelandair and La Compagnie.


Never give your children money indiscriminately to spend for their own use. However wealthy you may be, teach the child the value of money by requiring it to earn it in some manner. Commencing young, let the child perform simple duties requiring labor, which the parent may reward by pennies and very small sums. Let the child thus spend only money of its own earning. The boy who thus early learns by labor the value of a dollar knows how to accumulate the same in after-life, and how to save it.
Never demean yourself by getting angry and whipping a child. The very fact of your punishing in anger arouses the evil nature of the child. Some day the punishment thus inflicted will react upon yourself.
Always speak in a pleasant voice.
Teach your children how to work; how to obtain a living by their own efforts. Teach them the nobility and the dignity of labor, that they may respect and honor the producer.
Explain the reason why. The child is a little walking interrogation point. To it all is new. Explain the reason. Your boy will some day repay this trouble by teaching some other child.
Teach your children the evil of secret vice, and the consequence of using tobacco and spirituous liquors; teach them to be temperate, orderly, punctual, prompt, truthful, neat, faithful, and honest.
Encourage your child to be careful of personal appearance; to return every tool to its place; to always pay debts promptly; to never shirk a duty; to do an equal share, and to always live up to an agreement.
Teach your children to confide in you by conference together. Tell them your plans, and sometimes ask their advice; they will thus open their hearts to you and will ask your advice.
Give your children your confidence in the affairs of your business. They will thus take interest, and become co-workers with you.
Teach your children those things which they will need when they become men and women. Think what a man and woman needs to know in order to be healthy, happy, prosperous, and successful, and teach them that.


text:
En Telecomunicación, se dice que entre dos circuitos existe diafonía, denominada en inglés Crosstalk (XT), cuando parte de las señales presentes en uno de ellos, considerado perturbador, aparece en el otro, considerado perturbado. Es decir, una perturbación electromagnética producida en un canal de comunicación por el acoplamiento de este con otro u otros vecinos.

La diafonía, en el caso de cables de pares trenzados se presenta generalmente debido a acoplamientos magnéticos entre los elementos que componen los circuitos perturbador y perturbado o como consecuencia de desequilibrios de admitancia entre los hilos de ambos circuitos.

La diafonía se mide como la atenuación existente entre el circuito perturbador y el perturbado, por lo que también se denomina atenuación de diafonía.

Inteligibilidad de la diafonía

Atendiendo a cómo son percibidas las señales perturbadoras, generadas en un circuito como consecuencias de la diafonía, esta puede ser inteligible o no inteligible.
 Diafonía inteligible es aquella en que en el circuito perturbado se oye y se entiende la conversación que se cursa por el circuito perturbador. Este tipo de diafonía es sumamente dañino por cuanto, además de la perturbación en sí, supone un riesgo para el secreto de las comunicaciones que las empresas operadoras de telefonía están obligadas a proteger, por lo que se recomienda por la UIT que la diferencia entre el nivel de la señal útil y el nivel de la diafonía entre los diversos pares de un mismo cable no debe ser inferior a 58 dB para el 90% de las combinaciones de dos circuitos y de 52 dB para la totalidad de las combinaciones.

 Hay casos en que la diafonía es ininteligible, con lo cual en el circuito perturbado solo se percibe como ruido. Esto sucede cuando la naturaleza de las señales transmitidas por ambos circuitos son distintas, por ejemplo: analógica en uno y digital en el otro o cuando se utiliza la multiplexación por división de frecuencia y no coinciden las portadoras de los sistemas de transmisión empleados en cada uno de los circuitos.

De hecho, en la época en que este tipo de multiplexación era ampliamente utilizado, se recurría a disponer de varias versiones de un mismo sistema con las portadoras desplazadas 1 o 2 kHz uno respecto a otro, con lo cual la diafonía era siempre ininteligible.

En el caso de señales digitales en ambos circuitos, el objetivo es que la diafonía se mantenga dentro de unos límites tales que no pueda ser reconocida como señal útil por el extremo receptor.

Telediafonía y paradiafonía

Para la medida  de la diafonía se envía por el circuito perturbador una señal de un nivel conocido, y se mide el nivel recibido en el circuito perturbado. No obstante, dependiendo de que la medida la hagamos en el mismo extremo desde el que estamos enviando la señal o en el extremo distante tendremos dos valores distintos.
Así llegamos a los conceptos de paradiafonía o diafonía de extremo cercano (NEXT) y telediafonía o diafonía de extremo lejano (FEXT).

Paradiafonía

La disposición de elementos para la medida de la paradiafonía o diafonía de extremo cercano, denominada en inglés Near end crosstalk (NEXT), se muestra en la Figura 1, en la cual aparecen ambos circuitos terminados en su impedancia característica Zc en el extremo distante, mientras que en el extremo cercano el emisor se halla conectado en el Circuito 1 y el medidor en el Circuito 2.

A la medida de la relación en decibelios entre las señales emitida y recibida, obtenida con esta disposición de los instrumentos de medida, es a lo que se denomina atenuación de paradiafonía (αp), cuyo valor es igual a:

 (dB)

La Paradiafonía de suma de potencia (PSNEXT) mide el efecto acumulativo de NEXT de todos los pares de hilos del cable. PSNEXT se computa para cada par de hilos por los efectos de NEXT de los otros tres pares. El efecto combinado de la diafonía proveniente de múltiples fuentes simultáneas de transmisión puede ser muy perjudicial para la señal. En la actualidad, la certificación TIA/EIA-568-c exige esta prueba de PSNEXT.

Telediafonía

La disposición de elementos para la medida de la telediafonía o diafonía de extremo lejano, denominada en inglés Far end crosstalk (FEXT), se muestra en la Figura 2, donde vemos como en el Circuito 1 tenemos un generador, que envía una señal de nivel V1, en un extremo, mientras que el otro extremo está terminado con una impedancia Zc igual a la impedancia característica del circuito. La Telediafonia de suma de potencia (PSFEXT) mide el efecto acumulativo de FETX de todos los pares de hilos del cable. PSFEXT se computa para cada par de hilos por los efectos de FEXT de los otros tres pares

El Circuito 2, está cargado en el extremo emisor con Zc y en el extremo distante tenemos un medidor de nivel (R) en el que mediremos un cierto nivel de señal V2 correspondiente a la diafonía.

A la relación en decibelios existente entre V1 y V2 es a lo que se denomina atenuación de telediafonía (αt) y su valor es igual a:

 (dB)

Referencias

Ruido
Términos de telecomunicaciones
Ingeniería de audio


Here are many keyboard shortcuts for InDesign CS5, including lesser known and hidden keystrokes! Download PDF Mac shortcuts All shortcut guides Adjust Font Size... Creating Accessible Adobe InDesign CS5.5 PDF Documents This resource is designed to be printed as a one page PDF file . An HTML version is also available below.
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InDesign CS5.5 introduces linked stories, which makes it easier to manage multiple versions of the same story or text content in the same document. Linked stories behave similarly to traditional links.