Across the world, governments are taking control of the plastic pollution problem, bringing in either complete bans on plastic foils and bags, or bans on specific type of plastic. The cash industry should pay attention to this fact, regarding the use of single-use plastic consumables like safe-bags, coin sachets and at last packaging materials like shrinking foils.
Plastic is an important and ubiquitous material in world's economy and although it is made out of depletable resources, it is comparatively cost-efficient. But there is an urgent need to tackle the environmental problems. Therefore, governmental "green policies" require a reduced consumption, a transformation from single-use to re-use and a change in production for a strict recyclability of plastic products. Using more recycled plastics can curb litter, dependence on the extraction of petroleum for plastics production and reduce CO2 emissions.
These new governmental policies will increase costs for plastic consumables in cash industry and change the view to alternative packaging models for banknotes and coins.
In an effort to reduce unnecessary plastic waste, some countries in Africa, Asia, Australia and some States in North America have placed bans on single-used plastic bags as a first step. The main driver behind bag bans is to lower how much plastic finds its way into the marine eco-system.
Several countries in the Middle East try to solve the pollution problem by encouraging the distribution of oxo-biodegradable plastics, and Saudi Arabia has even made their use for plastics consumables mandatory.
They state, that the measures protect citizens and the environment. But the available evidence suggests, oxo-biodegradable plastics do not achieve what their producers claim. Oxo-biodegradable implies not, that the plastic is compostable. It requires high temperatures in industrial facilities to compost. Due to additives, oxo-biodegradable plastics in environment contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Furthermore, oxo-biodegradable plastic cannot be part of a recycling economy with conventional plastic. And before there is no critical mass of oxo-biodegradable plastic in circulation, a specialized recycling is not cost-competitive. For cash handling, these materials are not proven for suited processing conditions and for longer-term storage in comparison to current packaging standards in shrinking foils or bags for notes and coins.
The strategy for the European Union (EU), published by the European Commission (EC) in January 2018, focuses a high-quality recycling economy of conventional plastics. The strategy targets to an innovative and sustainable plastic industry, where design is optimized to less material consumption without additives, e.g. heavy metals or plasticizer and production fulfills recycling standards including a high rate for re-use of all kind of plastics.
In EU countries, approx. 500 to 600 Mio. safe-bags are annually used. The packaging industry reacts accordingly and provides safe-bags and shrinking foils out of production with recycling material rate of 80% for a sustainable cash handling process.
Considering that single-used plastic bags and foils must be strongly reduced, the cash industry should direct its view to returnable logistics units. Like in ATM cassettes, the banknotes can be packed loose or in packets or bundles into cash containers for storage and transportation. Such processes eliminate shrink-wrapping of notes or coins and further packaging into safe-bags. The cash shipments in safe-bags can be replaced by transport of closed and controlled cash containers or trays between the cash players.
Several Central Banks will adapt their cash cycle strategy in future and have to decide about logistics concepts including appropriate packaging and transport standards respecting green policies. This impacts the set-up of cash infrastructure for cash centers and transport based on the utilization of one-time, non-reusable bags or returnable containers. An evaluation of end-to-end process costs and of respective eco-balances supports such decisions.
Do you want to know more about regulations for cash industry and their adaption to cash infrastructure, please contact us.


text:
Sabroe ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Andreas Sabroe (* 1982), dänischer Eishockeyspieler
 Morten Sabroe (* 1947), dänischer Schriftsteller und Journalist
 Peter Sabroe (1867–1913), dänischer Politiker und Journalist
 Povl Sabroe (1897–1984), dänischer Schriftsteller und Journalist
 Sven Sabroe (1906–1996), dänischer Journalist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Copper often seems to function as a type of bellwether for the entire commodity sector. As fears of a global economic slowdown have intensified, copper prices have been hammered lower. Chinese buying just below the $4.00 level had kept the market supported but once that evaporated, there was a general dearth of buying. That allowed the bears to press the price into downside sell stops which have then fed on themselves.
However, there are some preliminary signs that the bleeding in copper might be coming to an end. The red metal seems to have found support just above the $3.00 level; a level closely corresponding to horizontal chart support and just a tad above the technically significant 50% Fibonacci retracement level of the rally off the 2008 low and the peak early this year.
The chart damage has been severe however so it is going to take further work to repair both the technical picture and the mental state of some of the badly bruised bulls. The spike off of support is a first step but we will need to see some confirmation for the remainder of this week.
If this is the case and copper has bottomed, it will serve to stop the rampant selling in the silver market. Some of that might be showing up today as silver has put in a massive spike off the $26 level.


text:
Глог (Crataegus) е род покритосеменни растения от семейство Розови (Rosaceae). Включва няколкостотин вида храсти и малки дървета, разпространени главно в умерените зони на Северното полукълбо.

Видове

Източници

Защитени лечебни растения


Or a big kick in the ***!!
How about a useless comment?
I know! Let's highjack this thread and talk about something completely different!
What are you taliking about??? Didn't you see the "BIASED towards VVS" thread?
This one goes to the top of my list of uninteresting threads.
Well,monkeys are interesting. Let's make a thread about monkeys!
- "BIASED towards VVS" thread?
And what a thread it is!!
Just go to CWOS and look for any thread with ***NWS*** in the title.
Ive posted a message asking if there is an irc channel for il2fb,if there isnt one i will be quite happy to set one up. It seems theres quite a few chaps online right now so why not chat live? If its already being done or has been done sry im a noob here.
I think there is a chatroom.
I knew it! The monkey people have hijacked another thread!!!
- Let's talk about desserts.
"but sir, it's waffer thin......"
A monkey with a 45 automatic jumped in and said, "Give me that free add-on with the Spitfire included or you'll never see Oleg again"!
...suddenly a flying pig slams into my windshield.


This Beef Vegetable Soup Recipe is one I call Garden Patch Soup.
Why is this soup called "Garden Patch?"
The soup recipe was developed with several goals in mind.
The restaurant wanted to add yet another delicious favorite restaurant soup recipe to its collection of soups to rotate into the daily special sheet.
The soup was to be one the restaurant could use "products on hand," no special ordering.
And we wanted a soup recipe that would allow us to use up a number of products while still fresh. Hence its name… "Garden Patch."
This soup recipe filled the bill and ...most important, it is delicious.
This vegetable - beef soup recipe is one you and your family will really appreciate for its flavor, nutritional value and flexibility in terms of the veggies you use.
Enjoy your Vegetable Beef Soup I call Garden Patch Soup and the company of those you share it with!
"An old-fashioned vegetable soup is a more powerful anti-carcinogen than any known medicine."


Source: Editor's Introduction to The Works of David Ricardo. With a Notice of the Life and Writings of the Author, by J.R. McCulloch (London: John Murray, 1888).
Mr ricardo was placed, in early life, under circumstances apparently the least favourable for the formation of those habits of patient and comprehensive investigation, which afterwards raised him to a high rank among political philosophers.
He was the third of a numerous family, and was born on the 19th of April 1772. His father, a native of Holland, and of the Jewish persuasion, settled in this country early in life. He is said to have been a man of good talents and of the strictest integrity; and having become a member of the Stock Exchange, he acquired a respectable fortune, and possessed considerable influence in his circle. David, the subject of the present memoir, was destined for the same line of business as his father; and received, partly in England, and partly at a school in Holland, where he resided two years, such an education as is usually given to young men intended for the mercantile profession. Classical learning formed no part of his early instruction; and it has been questioned, with how much justice we shall not undertake to decide, whether its acquisition would have done him service; and whether it might not probably have made him seek for relaxation in the study of elegant literature rather than in the severer exercises of the understanding; and prompted him to adopt opinions sanctioned by authority, without inquiring very anxiously into the grounds on which they rested.
Mr Ricardo began to be confidentially employed by his father in the business of the Stock Exchange, when he was only fourteen years of age. Neither then, however, nor at any subsequent period, was he wholly engrossed by the details of his profession. From his earliest years he evinced a taste for abstract reasoning; and manifested that determination to probe every subject of interest to the bottom, and to form his opinion upon it according to the conviction of his mind, which was a distinguishing feature of his character.
Mr Ricardo, senior, had been accustomed to subscribe, without investigation, to the opinions of his ancestors, on all questions connected with religion and politics; and he was desirous that his children should do the same. But this system of passive obedience, and of blind submission to the dictates of authority, was quite repugnant to the principles of young Ricardo, who, at the same time that he never failed to testify the sincerest affection and respect for his father, found reason to differ from him on many important points, and even to secede from the Hebrew faith.
Not long after this event, and shortly after he had attained the age of majority, Mr Ricardo formed an union, productive of unalloyed domestic happiness, with Miss Wilkinson Having been separated from his father, he was now thrown on his own resources; and commenced business for himself At this important epoch of his history, the oldest and most respectable members of the Stock Exchange gave a striking proof of the esteem entertained by them for his talents and character, by voluntarily coming forward to support him in his undertakings. His success exceeded the most sanguine expectations of his friends, and in a few years he realised an ample fortune.
According as his solicitude about his success in life declined, Mr Ricardo devoted a greater portion of his time to scientific and literary pursuits. When about twenty-five years of age, he began the study of some branches of mathematical science, and made considerable progress in chemistry and mineralogy. He fitted up a laboratory, formed a collection of minerals, and was one of the original members of the Geological Society. But he never entered warmly into the study of these sciences. They were not adapted to the peculiar cast of his mind; and he abandoned them entirely, as soon as his attention was directed to the more congenial study of Political Economy.
Mr Ricardo is stated to have first become acquainted with the Wealth of Nations in 1799, while on a visit at Bath, to which he had accompanied Mrs Ricardo for the benefit of her health. He was highly gratified by its perusal; and it is most probable that the inquiries about which it is conversant, continued henceforth to engage a considerable share of his attention, though it was not till a later period that his spare time was almost exclusively occupied with their study.
Mr Ricardo came, for the first time, before the public as an author in 1809. The rise in the market price of bullion, and the fall of the exchange that had taken place in the course of that year, had excited a good deal of attention. Mr Ricardo applied himself to the consideration of the subject; and the studies in which he had latterly been engaged, combined with the experience he had derived from his moneyed transactions, enabled him not only to perceive the true causes of the phenomena in question, but to trace and exhibit their practical bearing and real effect. He began this investigation without intending to lay the result of his researches before the public. But having shown his manuscript to the late Mr Perry, the proprietor and editor of the Morning Chronicle, the latter prevailed upon him, though not without considerable difficulty, to consent to its publication, in the shape of letters, in that journal. The first of these letters appeared on the 6th of September 1809. They made a considerable impression, and elicited various answers. This success, and the increasing interest of the subject, induced Mr Ricardo to commit his opinions upon it to the judgment of the public, in a more enlarged and systematic form, in the tract entitled "The High Price of Bullion a Proof of the Depreciation of Bank Notes." This tract led the way in the far-famed bullion controversy. It issued from the press several months previously to the appointment of the Bullion Committee; and is believed to have had no inconsiderable effect in forwarding that important measure. In this tract Mr Ricardo showed that redundancy and deficiency of currency are only relative terms; and that so long as the currency of any particular country consists exclusively of gold and silver coins, or of paper immediately convertible into such coins, its value can neither rise above nor fall below the value of the metallic currencies of other countries, by a greater sum than will suffice to defray the expense of importing foreign coin or bullion, if the currency be deficient; or of exporting a portion of the existing supply, if it be redundant. But when a country issues inconvertible paper notes, (as was then the case in England), they cannot be exported to other countries in the event of their becoming redundant at home; and whenever, under such circumstances, the exchange with foreign states is depressed below, or the price of bullion rises above, its mint price, more than the cost of sending coin or bullion abroad, it shows conclusively that too much paper has been issued, and that its value is depreciated from excess. The principles which pervade the Report of the Bullion Committee, are substantially the same with those established by Mr Ricardo in this pamphlet, but the more comprehensive and popular manner in which they are illustrated in the Report, and the circumstance of their being recommended by a Committee composed of some of the ablest men in the country, gave them a weight and authority which they could not otherwise have obtained. And though the prejudices and ignorance of some, and the interested, and therefore determined, opposition of others, prevented for a while the adoption of the measures proposed by Mr Ricardo and the Committee for restoring the currency to a sound and healthy state, they were afterwards carried into full effect; and afford one of the most memorable examples in our history, of the triumph of principle over selfishness, sophistry, and error.
The fourth edition of this tract is the most valuable. An Appendix added to it has some acute observations on some difficult questions in the theory of exchange; and it also contains the first germ of the original idea of making bank notes exchangeable for bars of gold bullion.
This tract affords a striking example of the ascendency which those who possess a knowledge both of principle and practice, have over those who are familiar only with the latter; and though the interest of the question which led to its publication has now subsided, it will always be read with delight by such as are not insensible of the high gratification which all ingenuous minds must feel in observing the ease with which a superior intellect clears away the irrelevant matter with which a question has been designedly embarrassed, reduces false facts to their just value, and traces and exhibits the constant operation of the same general principle through all the mazy intricacies of practical detail.
The merit of these pamphlets was duly appreciated; and Mr Ricardo's society was, in consequence, courted by men of the first eminence, who were not less pleased with his modesty, and unassuming manners, than with the vigour of his understanding. He formed, about this time, that intimacy with Mr Malthus, and Mr Mill, the historian of British India, which ended only with his death. To the latter he was particularly attached, and readily acknowledged how much he owed to his friendship.
Mr Ricardo next appeared as an author in 1815, during the discussions on the bill, afterwards passed into a law, for raising the limit at which foreign corn might be imported for consumption, to 80s. Mr Malthus, and a "Fellow of University College, Oxford," (afterwards Sir Edward West), had, by a curious coincidence, in tracts published almost consentaneously, elucidated the true theory of rent, which, though discovered by Dr Anderson as early as 1777, appears to have been entirely forgotten. But neither of these gentlemen perceived the bearing of the theory on the question in regard to the restriction of the importation of foreign corn. This was reserved for Mr Ricardo, who, in his "Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock," showed the effect of an increase in the price of raw produce on wages and profits; and founded a strong argument in favour of the freedom of the corn trade, on the very grounds on which Mr Malthus had endeavoured to show the propriety of subjecting it to fresh restrictions.
In 1816, Mr Ricardo published his "P, oposals for an Economical and Secure Currency, with Observations on the Profits of the Bank of England." In this pamphlet he examined the circumstances which determine the value of money, when every individual has the power to supply it, and when that power is restricted or placed under a monopoly; and he showed that, in the former case, its value will depend, like that of all other freely supplied articles, on its cost; while in the latter, it will be unaffected by that circumstance, and will depend on the extent to which it may be issued compared with the demand. This is a principle of great importance; for, it shows that intrinsic worth is not necessary to a currency, and that, provided the supply of paper notes, declared to be legal tender, be sufficiently limited, their value may be maintained on a par with the value of gold, or raised to any higher level. If, therefore, it were practicable to devise a plan for preserving the value of paper on a level with that of gold, without making it convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder, the heavy expense of a metallic currency would be saved. To effect this desirable object, Mr Ricardo proposed that, instead of being made exchangeable for gold coins, bank notes should be made exchangeable for bars of gold bullion of the standard weight and purity. This plan, than which nothing can be more simple, was obviously fitted to check the over-issue of paper quite as effectually as it is checked by making it convertible into coin; while, as bars could not be used as currency, it prevented any gold from getting into circulation, and consequently saved the expenses of coinage, and the wear and tear, and loss of coins. Mr Ricardo's proposal was recommended by the Committees of the Houses of Lords and Commons appointed, in 1819, to consider the expediency of the Bank of England resuming cash payments; and was afterwards adopted in the bill for their resumption introduced by Mr (now Sir Robert) Peel. In practice it was found completely to answer the object of checking over-issue. But inasmuch as it required that the place of sovereigns should be filled with one pound notes, the forgery of the latter began to be extensively carried on; and it was wisely judged better to incur the expense of recurring to and keeping up a mixed currency, than to continue a plan which, though productive of a large saving, held out an all but irresistible temptation to crime.
At length, in 1817, Mr Ricardo published his great work on the "PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AND TAXATION." This was a step which he did not take without much hesitation. He was not, and did not affect to be, insensible of the value of literary and philosophical reputation; but his modesty always led him to undervalue his own powers; and having acquired a very high degree of celebrity as a writer on currency, he was unwilling to risk what he already possessed, by attempting to gain more. Ultimately, however, he was prevailed upon, by the entreaties of his friends, to allow his work to be sent to press. Its appearance forms a memorable æra in the history of political science. Exclusive of many valuable subsidiary inquiries, Mr Ricardo has pointed out, in this work, the source and limiting principle of exchangeable value, and has traced the laws which determine the distribution of wealth among the various ranks and orders of society. The powers of mind displayed in these investigations, the dexterity with which the most abstruse questions are unravelled, the sagacity displayed in tracing the operation of general principles, in disentangling them from such as are of a secondary and accidental nature, and in perceiving and estimating their remote consequences, have never been surpassed; and will for ever secure the name of Ricardo a conspicuous place among those who have done most to unfold the mechanism of society, and to discover the circumstances on which the well-being of its various orders must always mainly depend.
Mr Ricardo maintains, in this work, the fundamental principle, that the exchangeable value of commodities or their relative worth, as compared with each other, depends exclusively on the quantities of labour necessarily required to produce them, and bring them to market. Smith had shown that this principle determined the value of commodities in the earlier stages of society, before land had been appropriated and capital accumulated; but he supposed that, after land had become property and rent began to be paid, and after capital had been amassed and workmen began to be hired by capitalists, the value of commodities fluctuated not only according to variations in the labour required to produce and bring them to market, but also according to variations of rents and wages. But Mr Ricardo has shown that this theory is erroneous, and that the value of commodities is determined in all states of society by the same principle, or by the quantity of labour required for their production. He showed that variations of profits or wages, by affecting different commodities to the same, or nearly the same, extent, would either have no influence over their exchangeable value, or if they had any, it would depend upon the degree in which they occasionally affect some products more than others. And Dr Anderson and others having already shown that rent is not an element of cost or value, it follows that the cost or value of all freely produced commodities, the supply of which may be indefinitely increased (abstracting from temporary variations of supply and demand), depends wholly on the quantity of labour required for their production, and not upon the rate at which that labour may be paid; so that, supposing the labour required to produce any number of commodities to remain constant, their cost and value will also remain constant, whether wages fall from 3s. to 1s., or rise from 3s. to 5s. or 7s. a-day. This is the fundamental theorem of the science of value, and the clue which unravels the intricate labyrinth of the laws which regulate the distribution of wealth. Its discovery has shed a flood of light on what was previously shrouded in all but impenetrable mystery, and the apparently knotty and hitherto insoluble questions regarding the action of wages and profits on each other and on prices, have since ceased to present any insuperable difficulties. What the researches of Locke and Smith did for the production of wealth, those of Ricardo have done for its value and distribution.
The establishment of general principles being Mr Ricardo's great object, he has paid comparatively little attention to their practical application, and sometimes, indeed, he has in great measure overlooked the circumstances by which they are occasionally countervailed. In illustration of this we may mention, that society being laid under the necessity of constantly resorting to inferior soils to obtain additional supplies of food, Mr Ricardo lays it down that, in the progress of society, raw produce and wages have a constant tendency to rise and profits to fall. And this, no doubt, is in the abstract true. But it must at the same time be observed, that while on the one hand society is obliged constantly to resort to inferior soils, agriculture is on the other hand susceptible of indefinite improvement; and this improvement necessarily in so far countervails the decreasing fertility of the soil; and may, and in fact very frequently does, more than countervail it. Mr Ricardo has also very generally overlooked the influence of increased prices in diminishing consumption and stimulating industry, so that his conclusions, though true according to his assumptions, do not always harmonies with what really takes place. But his is not a practical work; and it did not enter into his plan to exhibit the circumstances that give rise to the discrepancies in question. The "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" is not even a systematic treatise, but is principally an inquiry respecting certain fundamental principles, most of which had previously been undiscovered. And though it be often exceedingly difficult, or, it may be, all but impossible, to estimate the extent to which these principles may in certain cases be modified by other principles and combinations of circumstances, it is obviously of the greatest importance to have ascertained their existence. They are so many land-marks to which to refer and can never be lost sight of even in matters most essentially practical.
That part of Mr Ricardo's work, in which he applies his principles to discover the incidence of taxes on rent, profit, wages, and raw produce, is more practical than the others; and must always be a subject of careful study to those who wish to make themselves well acquainted with this department of political science.
Mr Ricardo had now become an extensive landed proprietor, and had wholly retired from business, with a fortune acquired with the universal respect and esteem of his competitors. But he did not retire from the bustle of active life, to the mere enjoyment of his acres—Non fuit consilium socordia atque desidia bonum otium conterere —he had other objects in view; and while his leisure hours, when in the country, were chiefly devoted to inquiries connected with that science, of which he was now confessedly at the head, he determined to extend the sphere of his usefulness, by entering the House of Commons. In 1819 he took his seat as member for Portarlington. His diffidence in his own powers had, however, nearly deprived the public of the services which he rendered in this situation. In a letter to one of his friends, dated the 7th of April 1819, he says: "You will have seen that I have taken my seat in the House of Commons. I fear that I shall be of little use there. I have twice attempted to speak; but I proceeded in the most embarrassed manner; and I have no hope of conquering the alarm with which I am assailed the moment I hear the sound of my own voice." And in a letter to the same gentleman, dated the 22d of June 1819, he says: "I thank you for your endeavours to inspire me with confidence on the occasion of my addressing the House. Their indulgent reception of me has, in some degree, made the task of speaking more easy to me; but there are yet so many formidable obstacles to my success, and some, I fear, of a nature nearly insurmountable, that I apprehend it will be wisdom and sound discretion in me to content myself with giving silent votes." Fortunately he did not adopt this resolution. The difficulties with which he had at first to struggle, and his diffidence in himself, gradually subsided; while the mildness of his manners, the mastery which he possessed over the subjects on which he spoke, and the purity of his intentions, speedily secured him a very extensive influence both in the House and the country, and gave great weight to his opinions.
Mr Ricardo was not one of those who make speeches to suit the ephemeral circumstances and politics of the day: he spoke only from principle, and with a fixed resolution never to diverge in any degree from the path which it pointed out; he neither concealed nor modified an opinion for the purpose of conciliating the favour, or of disarming the prejudices or hostility, of any man or set of men; nor did he ever make a speech or give a vote which he was not well convinced was founded on just principles, and calculated to promote the lasting interests of the public. Trained to habits of profound thinking, independent in his fortune, and inflexible in his principles, Mr Ricardo had little in common with mere party politicians. The public good was the grand object of his parliamentary exertions; and he laboured to promote it, not by engaging in party combinations, but by supporting the rights and liberties of all classes, and by unfolding the true sources of national wealth and general prosperity.
The change that has taken place in the public opinion respecting the financial and commercial policy of the country, since the period when Mr Ricardo obtained a seat in the House of Commons, is as complete as it is gratifying. Not only are the most enlarged principles advocated by all the leading members of both Houses; not only are they now ready to admit that the exclusive system is founded on vicious principles, and that it is sound policy to admit the freest competition in every branch of industry, and to deal with all the world on fair and liberal principles; but they are about to make these doctrines a part of the law of the land, and to give them the sanction of parliamentary authority. Sir Robert Peel has the signal merit of having, despite the most formidable obstacles, carried out and established in their fullest extent the great principles of commercial freedom developed by Smith and his followers. And we believe that that distinguished statesman would readily admit that the writings and speeches of Mr Ricardo have powerfully contributed to pave the way for this most desirable consummation. As he was known to be a master in "the master-science of civil life," his opinion, from the moment he entered the House of Commons, was referred to on all important occasions;∗ and he acquired additional influence and consideration. according as experience served to render the House and the country better acquainted with his talents, and his singleness of purpose.
In 1820, Mr Ricardo contributed an article on the "Funding System," to the Supplement to the "Encyclopædia Britannica." This tract, though somewhat confused in its arrangement, embraces many valuable discussions. He was a decided friend to the plan for raising the supplies for a war within the year, by an equivalent increase of taxation; and he also thought (in which opinion few probably will be disposed to concur), that it would be not only expedient but practicable to pay off the public debt by an assessment on capital.
In 1822, Mr Ricardo published, during the parliamentary discussions on the subject of the corn laws, his tract on "Protection to Agriculture." This is the best of all his pamphlets, and is, indeed, a chef-d'œuvre. The important questions respecting remunerating price, the influence of a low and high value of corn over wages and profits, the influence of taxation over agriculture and manufactures, and many other topics of equal difficulty and interest, are all discussed in the short compass of eighty or ninety pages, with a precision and clearness that leaves nothing to be desired. Had Mr Ricardo never written any thing else, this pamphlet would have placed him in the first rank of political economists.
Though not robust, Mr Ricardo's constitution was apparently good, and his health such as to promise a long life of usefulness. He had, indeed, been subject, for several years, to an affection in one of his ears; but as it had not given him any serious inconvenience, he paid it but little attention When he retired to his seat in Gloucestershire (Gatcomb Park), subsequently to the close of the session of 1823, he was in excellent health and spirits; and, besides completing a tract, containing a plan for the establishment of a National Bank, he engaged, with his usual ardour, in elaborate inquiries regarding some of the more abstruse economical doctrines. But he was not destined to bring these inquiries to a close! Early in September he was suddenly seized with a violent pain in the diseased ear: the symptoms were not, however, considered unfavourable; and the breaking of an imposture that had been formed within the ear contributed greatly to his relief. But the amendment was only transitory; within two days, inflammation recommenced; and after a period of the greatest agony, pressure on the brain ensued, which produced a stupor that continued until death terminated his sufferings, on the 11th September, in his 52d year.
In private life, Mr Ricardo was most amiable. He was an indulgent father and husband; and an affectionate, and zealous friend. No man was ever more thoroughly free from every species of artifice and pretension; more sincere, plain, and unassuming. He was particularly fond of assembling intelligent men around him, and of conversing in the most unrestrained manner on all topics of interest, but more especially on those connected with his favourite science. On these as on all occasions, he readily gave way to others, and never discovered the least impatience to speak; but when he did speak, the solidity of his judgment, his candour, and his extraordinary talent for resolving a question into its elements, and for setting the most difficult and complicated subjects in the most striking point of view, arrested the attention of every one, and delighted all who heard him. He never entered into an argument, whether in public or private, for the sake of displaying ingenuity, of baffling an opponent, or of gaining a victory. The discovery of truth was his exclusive object. He was ever open to conviction; and if he were satisfied he had either advanced or supported an erroneous opinion, he was the first to acknowledge his error, and to caution others against it.
Few men have possessed in a higher degree than Mr Ricardo, the talent of speaking and conversing with clearness and facility on the abstrusest topics. In this respect, his speeches were greatly superior to his publications. The latter cannot be readily understood and followed without considerable attention; but nothing could exceed the ease and felicity with which he illustrated and explained the most difficult questions of Political Economy, both in private conversation and in his speeches. Without being forcible, his style of speaking was easy, fluent, and agreeable. It was impossible to take him off his guard. To those who were not familiar with his speculations, some of his positions were apt to appear paradoxical; but the paradox was only in appearance. He rarely advanced an opinion on which he had not deeply reflected, and without examining it in every point of view; and the readiness with which he overthrew the most specious objections that the ablest men in the House could make to his doctrines, is the best proof of their correctness, and of the superiority of his understanding. That there were greater orators, and men of more varied and general acquirements in Parliament than Mr Ricardo, we readily allow; but we are bold to say, that in point of deep, clear, and comprehensive intellect, he had no superiors, and very few, if any, equals, either in Parliament or in the country.
He was not less generous than intelligent; he was never slow to come forward to the relief of the poor and the distressed; and while he contributed to almost every charitable institution in the metropolis, he supported, at his own expense, an alms-house for the poor, and two schools for the instruction of the young in the vicinity of his seat in the country.
Besides the publications previously enumerated, Mr Ricardo left one or two manuscripts. Among others, a "Plan for the Establishment of a National Bank" was found in a finished state, and was soon after published.
He also left "Notes" on Mr Malthus's Principles of Political Economy; containing a vindication of his own doctrines from the objections of Mr Malthus, and showing the mistakes into which he conceives Mr M. had fallen. But we doubt whether they have sufficient interest to warrant their publication.
Though not properly belonging to the Whig party, Mr Ricardo voted almost uniformly with the Opposition. He was impressed with the conviction, that many advantages would result from giving the people a greater influence over the choice of their representatives in the House of Commons than they then possessed; and he was so far a friend to the system of the radical reformers, as to give his cordial support to the plan of voting by ballot; which he considered as the best means for securing the mass of the electors against improper solicitations, and for enabling them to vote in favour of the candidates whom they really approved. He did not, however, agree with the radical reformers in their plan of universal suffrage; he thought the elective franchise should be given to all who possessed a certain amount of property; but he was of opinion, that while it would be a very hazardous experiment, no practical good would result from giving the franchise indiscriminately to all. His opinions on these subjects are fully stated in the Essay on Parliamentary Reform, and in the Speech on the Ballot, in this edition of his works.
Of the value of the services rendered by Mr Ricardo to Political Economy, there can be, among intelligent men, only one opinion. His works have made a very great addition to the mass of useful and universally interesting truths, and afford some of the finest examples to be met with of discriminating analysis, and of profound and refined discussion. The brevity with which he has stated some of his most important propositions; their intimate dependence on each other; the fewness of his illustrations; and the mathematical cast he has given to his reasoning, render it sometimes a little difficult for readers, unaccustomed to such investigations, readily to follow him. But we can venture to affirm, that those who will give to his works the attention of which they are so worthy, will find them to be as logical and conclusive as they are profound and important. It was the opinion of Quintilian, that the students of eloquence who were highly delighted with Cicero, had made no inconsiderable progress in their art: and the same may, without hesitation, be said of the students of Political Economy who find pleasure in the works of Mr Ricardo: Ille se profecisse sciat, cui Ricardo valde placebit.
When the circumstances under which Mr Ricardo spent the greater part of his life are brought under view; and when it is also recollected that he died at the early age of fifty-one, it may be truly said that very few have ever achieved so much. His industry was as remarkable as his sagacity and his candour.
Mr Ricardo left a widow, three sons, and four daughters.
[∗]See an Account of the Life of Mr Ricardo in the Annual Obituary for 1823, supposed to be written by one of his brothers.
[∗]First Letter to the Right Hon. Robert Peel, by one of his Constituents, p. 61.
[∗]Mr Ricardo made the first of his prominent appearances on the 24th of May 1819, in the debate on the resolutions proposed by Mr (now Sir Robert) Peel respecting the resumption of cash payments. He did not rise until he was loudly called upon from all sides of the House.


No bad thoughts here, just the miracle of mom.
_So amazing. This is a really tough discussion, when it comes to a 'cut-off' date though.
Doctors in the U.S. often advise that premature babies born before 23 weeks be given only "comfort care" — swaddled, they're handed to their parents to hold, free of medical interventions.
Michelle Duggar says that the birth of her 19th child was scary. I could not agree more. No matter what you think of this family and their inability to stop procreating, 19 of anything is scary!
All joking aside, I'm glad little Josie (a 'J' name? Shocking!) is ok. The likeliness of having 19 children with no serious health issues is, well, I don't know the statistics but I'm going to call it pretty remarkable.
Plus, with the 19th being born at only 25 weeks gestation, Mama Michelle's 15 weeks closer to conceiving #20!


And we can of course organise private parties of any kind!
On the 13th July 2018, our agency was in charge of organising the presentation event of the two luxury CASA SOÑADA villas, the MOBIUS VILLAS, that will be built by developer DOM TECHI SL. These two properties, costing around 2.5M euros, are located in the Nagüeles area of Marbella, where we hosted the agencies for the afternoon/evening.
Marbella, May 29th.- A score of, exclusive wines, including the finest "vinos de pago", "cavasde paraje" and "grandes de España", as well as a selection of gourmet gastronomic products,will participate in the first undertaking of Wine Time Marbella, a meeting that will unveil toboth professionals and the public some of the world´s most exclusive wines, but also thosewines of excellence that for lack of means usually do not reach the final recipient. Theconvention will be held between the 7th and 8th of June at the Hotel Villa Padierna.


text:
Herbert Howells
Herbert Howells decided at a young age that he wanted to compose music and then sought out musical training. His most important teacher was the cathedral organist at Gloucester, Herbert Brewer, and he became Brewer's assistant. At the age of 20, he entered and won an open scholarship competition at the Royal College of Music. His main teachers were Charles Wood in counterpoint and Charles Villiers Stanford in composition. He is said to have been Stanford's favorite pupil and Stanford conducted Howells' Piano concerto No. 1 at a Queen's Hall concert in 1913. Meanwhile, Howells' Mass in Dorian Mode was sung in Westminster Cathedral. In 1916, his piano quintet became the first work to be published under the Carnegie Trust. He obtained a position as a sub-organist at Salisbury Cathedral, but had to give it up because of ill health, which had already kept him out of military service during World War I. He was not expected to live, but did recover and in 1920 was able to resume his career. He started teaching composition at the Royal College of Music in 1920. His compositional style quickly emerged: it is in the tradition of modal, folk-based music that is sometimes called "English pastoralist," continuing the trends of Elgar and Ralph Vaughan Williams. His imagination was often stimulated by particular places and by people he knew. This holds true even for his large body of church music, which was not inspired by religious sentiments ("I am not a religious man any more than Ralph was," he once said). It is probable that he wrote so much church music simply because he liked choral writing and his style is rich and melodic. Although he wrote a substantial amount of fine instrumental and orchestral music, his choral and other vocal music is considered the work most likely to keep his memory alive. His masterwork is usually considered to be the Hymnus paradisi, a quasi-requiem he wrote out of the grief suffered when he lost his nine-year-old son in 1938. It is a visionary work, with the kind of deep but quiet feeling that is also associated with Frederick Delius. He received other teaching appoinments as well. After Holst's death in 1934, Howells was chosen to succeed him as director of music at St. Paul's School and in 1954, he was named King Edward VII Professor of Music at the University of London. He was made Commander of the British Empire in 1953 by Queen Elizabeth II. He retired from his St. Paul's position and the University of London post in 1964, but retained his professorship at the Royal College of Music and held classes there almost right up to his death at the age of 90.
38 albums sorted by Most acclaimed
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+ See others
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Howells: Cello Concerto, An English Mass
Guy Johnston
Classical - Released June 7, 2019 | Kings College Cambridge
Hi-Res Booklet Distinctions Gramophone Editor's Choice
British Clarinet Sonatas (Volume 1)
Classical - Released March 6, 2012 | Chandos
Hi-Res Booklet Distinctions Hi-Res Audio
St John's Magnificat
Andrew Nethsingha
Sacred Vocal Music - Released March 30, 2010 | Chandos
Booklet Distinctions 5 de Diapason
Hymnus Paradisi - Sir Patrick Spens Op. 23
Sacred Vocal Music - Released June 26, 2007 | Naxos
HI-RES$8.99
Howells: Chamber Music
Dante Quartet
Chamber Music - Released April 12, 2019 | Naxos
Hi-Res Booklet
CD$10.49
Howells: Choral Music
The Choir of King's College Cambridge
Classical - Released January 1, 1992 | Decca Music Group Ltd.
Requiem / Take Him, Earth, for Cherishing
Symphonic Music - Released September 13, 1999 | Naxos
Musique pour orchestre à cordes
Concertos - Released March 1, 1993 | Chandos
Hymnus Paradisi - A Kent Yeoman's Wooing Song
Classical - Released July 3, 2012 | Chandos
Howells: Evening Canticles
The Chapel Choir of Selwyn College
Classical - Released September 8, 2000 | Herald
Howells: Lambert's Clavichord - Howells' Clavichord
Classical - Released January 1, 2002 | Centaur Records, Inc.
Howells: Piano Music
Margaret Fingerhut
Classical - Released September 1, 2013 | Chandos
Howells & Bax: Choral Works
Paul Spicer
Herbert Howells: A Sequence for Saint Michael & Other Works
Classical - Released April 1, 2012 | Paraclete Recordings
Classical - Released May 16, 2007 | CRD Records
Howells: Hymnus Paradisi
Choir of King's College, Cambridge
Classical - Released November 22, 2019 | Warner Classics
Herbert Howells: Organ Music, Vol. 2
Tjeerd van der Ploeg
Classical - Released July 19, 1992 | VLS Records
Concertos pour piano & orchestre n° 1 & 2 - Penguinski
Howard Shelley
Classical - Released November 1, 2000 | Chandos
The Complete Herbert Howells Anthems, Vol. 1
Lincoln Cathedral Choir
Choral Music (Choirs) - Released January 1, 2016 | Priory Records
Howells: Choral And Organ Music

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Creap — the ideal gift to take home from Japan!
Creap sticks are individually packaged in small quantities.
An instant creaming powder, unopened packages of Creap have a long shelf life.
Since it was first introduced in 1961, Creap has continued to deliver the high quality and safety that Japanese consumers demand.
Copyright© MORINAGA INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd All Rights Reserved.


text:
Oracle's Mark Hurd: Company has made 'best and final' offer for NetSuite
By Rex Crum	/ October 27, 2016 at 7:36 AM
Call it the Showdown at the Oracle Corral.
Mark Hurd, Oracle's co-chief executive, in effect said,"enough is enough!" with regards to the company making any more changes to its $9.3 billion offer to acquire cloud-software developer NetSuite. Oracle originally reached an agreement to buy NetSuite back in July, and earlier this month extended the deadline for NetSuite shareholders to approve the acquisition to Nov. 4.
But the deal has been caught up in some controversy ever since it was first announced. Oracle Chairman Larry Ellison owns approximately 40 percent of NetSuite, and his close ties to both companies has raised concerns about potential conflicts of business interest. Also, NetSuite shareholders have spoken out against the deal, saying it undervalues the company. Oracle's offer values NetSuite at $109 a share, and NetSuite shares on Thursday traded at almost $99 a share.
Speaking on CNBC Wednesday, Hurd said Oracle is getting tired of the delays and is ready to walk away from the deal if NetSuite shareholders don't OK to it in November. Hurd said Oracle has made its "best and final offer" and won't be adding anything to sweeten the deal.
"We'll abide by what the shareholders say," Hurd said. "If the shareholders don't want to tender their shares, we'll move on to other things."
Photo: Oracle headquarters in Redwood City. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)
Tags: Larry Ellison, mark hurd, NetSuite, Oracle
More Posts in Silicon Beat
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If you think technology companies don't understand the needs of website design for manufacturing companies, you haven't met our team. We're in the heart of the midwest and the automotive industry. We not only understand manufacturing and your target market, a few of us have spent many hours working in and selling to tier one manufacturers and their suppliers.
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Ready to update your manufacturing website with a fresh new custom design in WordPress? Great! We're here to help! Just visit our contact page and let us know how we can help.


text:
Indigenous Organizers Face Political Attack by Flagstaff Police for Anti-Columbus Day Demonstration
Filed under: Action, Indigenous, Police, Repression, Southwest
— Indigenous Action
OCCUPIED FLAGSTAFF, AZ — Flagstaff police stalked and cited an Indigenous organizer in so-called Flagstaff, Arizona last night for their alleged role in a demonstration that took to the streets the previous month on what is now recognized as "Indigenous Peoples' Day."
The cops confronted the organizer at work and threatened that they were preparing to cite more people who may have been involved in the action based upon surveillance and a nearly month-long investigation.
According to a police report obtained this morning, at least 13 people, including Indigenous organizers and supporters, are facing misdemeanor charges of "Obstructing a Public Thoroughfare" for their alleged roles in the action. The report states that others have yet to be identified via social media and other forms of surveillance.
"We will not be silenced by what is clearly a political attack designed to deter further organizing for justice in our communities." stated Maile Hampton, who is facing charges. "On the day that city officials celebrated their empty declaration of 'Indigenous Peoples' Day' this demonstration called for justice for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, for an end to mass deportations and migrant detentions, for accountability of the city of Flagstaff for their hypocritical role in desecrating the Peaks, and to address the disproportionate level of arrests Native people face in this town. That I now face further state repression for standing for justice is not a surprise, it is the reality we face as we resist cultural genocide."
"I do not see it as a coincidence that these charges come on the eve of a planned protest against desecration of the Holy San Francisco Peaks this Friday." stated Klee Benally, who is also facing charges. "I will not be intimidated by state repression, I will continue to fight back and honor my ancestors and future generations through this process."
The rally specifically addressed the disproportionate number of Indigenous People threatened and targeted in Flagstaff.
"This political attack further demonstrates a severe issue of targeted policing of the Indigenous community," stated Benally.
According to the most recent census, Indigenous Peoples comprise 10% of the population but account for nearly half of all the annual arrests each year.
Organizers of the rally had previously called for these immediate actions:
continued boycott of Arizona Snowbowl and for the City of Flagstaff to cancel their contract with the ski resort,
end to racial profiling & I.C.E. collaboration and further work to abolish police in our communities by establishing community support networks and transformative/restorative justice options,
repeal the anti-camping ordinance and all anti-homeless policies
donations of sleeping bags and winter clothing for unsheltered relatives at Táala Hooghan Infoshop (1704 N 2nd St),
You can read more about the October 8, 2018 action here:
http://www.indigenousaction.org/land-defenders-take-streets-rejecting-empty-declaration-of-indigenous-peoples-day-in-flagstaff/
To support or contribute to legal defense please visit www.indigenousaction.org
Indigenous Action
Indigenous Action (IA/originally Indigenous Action Media) was founded on August 25th, 2001 to provide strategic communications and direct action support for Indigenous community's sacred lands defense. We are a radical volunteer crew of anti-colonial & anti-capitalist Indigenous media makers, designers, artists, writers & agitators that work together on a project by project basis for liberation for Mother Earth and all her beings. Over the years we've organized hundreds of actions, marches, banner drops, workshops, conferences, benefits, and much more.


Linden Lab announced a number of community and social network feeds on 4th January 2017 as they prepare for the public opening of the platform sometime in 2017.
This entry was posted in Virtual World and tagged Linden Lab, Sansar. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Land Titles (Amendment) Rules 2003
Published in Subsidiary Legislation Supplement
1 Citation and commencement
2 Amendment of rule 7
4 Amendment of rule 10
6 Deletion and substitution of rule 17
8 Deletion of rule 25
10 Deletion of rule 42
11 Deletion and substitution of rule 45
13 Deletion of rule 53A
Published in Subsidiary Legislation Supplement on 06 Jun 2003
No. S 276
Land Titles Act
(Chapter 157)
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 170(1A) of the Land Titles Act, the Singapore Land Authority hereby makes the following Rules:
Citation and commencement
1. These Rules may be cited as the Land Titles (Amendment) Rules 2003 and shall come into operation on 9th June 2003.
Amendment of rule 7
2. Rule 7 of the Land Titles Rules (R 1) (referred to in these Rules as the principal Rules) is amended —
(a) by inserting, immediately after the word "microfilming" in paragraph (1), the words "or imaging";
(b) by inserting, at the end of paragraph (2)(a), the word "and";
(c) by deleting the word "; and" at the end of paragraph (2)(b) and substituting a full-stop;
(d) by deleting sub-paragraph (c) of paragraph (2); and
(e) by deleting the words "shall be securely attached thereto and" in paragraph (4).
3. Rule 9 (3) of the principal Rules is amended by deleting the words "shall be underlined and" in the 3rd line.
Amendment of rule 10
4. Rule 10 of the principal Rules is amended by deleting paragraphs (1) and (2).
5. Rule 16 of the principal Rules is amended by inserting, immediately after the word "Instruments", the words "that relate to a manual folio or as the Registrar may direct".
Deletion and substitution of rule 17
6. Rule 17 of the principal Rules is deleted and the following rule substituted therefor:
"Time and place for lodgment
17. Instruments that relate to a manual folio or such other instruments as directed by the Registrar shall be lodged for registration at the Registry from 8.30 a.m. to 12 noon every day except on a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday or between such other hours as the Registrar may direct.".
7. Rule 18 (1) of the principal Rules is amended by inserting, immediately after the words "An instrument for registration" in the 1st line, the words "that relates to a manual folio or as the Registrar may direct".
Deletion of rule 25
8. Rule 25 of the principal Rules is deleted.
"Caveats, withdrawal of caveats and extension of caveats to be signed
34.—(1) Every caveat, withdrawal of caveat and extension of caveat shall be signed by the caveator or his solicitor.
(2) In the case of a corporation aggregate, every caveat, withdrawal of caveat and extension of caveat shall be signed by the caveator through its duly authorised officer or its solicitor.".
10. Rule 42 of the principal Rules is deleted.
11. Rule 45 of the principal Rules is deleted and the following rule substituted therefor:
"Inspection of land-register, documents and other records
45.—(1) The land-register shall be open to inspection every day except on a Sunday or a public holiday.
(2) A person who has been granted permission to inspect the land-register or other documents or records kept at the Registry shall carry out his inspection in an expeditious manner.
(3) Where the Registrar is satisfied that there are members of the public and public officers awaiting their turn to inspect a document which is being inspected by another person, the Registrar may restrict the time available for any person to inspect the document.
(4) A person carrying out an inspection of the land-register or other document kept at the Registry shall not copy any particulars therefrom but may, on payment of the appropriate fee as specified in the Schedule, apply for, or make on a machine installed by the Registrar for the convenience of persons inspecting the land-register, a photographic copy, microprint or printout of any information contained therein for his use.".
Deletion of rule 53A
13. Rule 53A of the principal Rules is deleted.
[G.N. Nos. S 571/99; S 56/2000; S 163/2000; S146/2001; S 600/2001; S 368/2002; S 428/2002; S 502/2002]
Made this 5th day of June 2003.
LIEW HENG SAN
Singapore Land Authority.
[SLA (LR) 20/99 Vol. 4; AG/LEG/SL/157/2003/1 Vol. 1]
(To be presented to Parliament under section 170(2) of the Land Titles Act).


text:
nature structural & molecular biology
Mapping the lipid-exposed surfaces of membrane proteins
Isaiah T. Arkin1 nAff5,
Kevin R. MacKenzie2,
Lillian Fisher3,
Saburo Aimoto4,
Donald M. Engelman2 &
Steven O. Smith2
Nature Structural Biology volume 3, pages240–243(1996)Cite this article
Phospholamban forms a stable complex of five long transmembrane helices. We show that the relative rotational orientation of the helices in the pentameric complex can be distinguished by S–H to S–D exchange of cysteine sulphydryl groups located in the transmembrane segment of the protein and exposed to the lipid environment. Of the three cysteine residues in phospholamban, two residues (Cys 36 and Cys 46) are oriented towards the helix interface and protected from exchange, while the third cysteine (Cys 41) is oriented towards the lipid interface and undergoes exchange with water diffused into the bilayer. Distinguishing the external and internal faces of a membrane protein by sulphydryl exchange provides a general approach for determining the three-dimensional fold of membrane proteins and enhances model building efforts to generate high-resolution structures.
only $18.75 per issue
Engelman, D.M., Steitz, T.A. & Goldman, A. Identifying nonpolar transbilayer helices in amino acid sequences of membrane proteins. Anna. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 15, 321–353 (1986).
Arkin, I.T. et al. Structural model of the phospholamban ion channel complex in phospholipid membranes. J. Mol. Biol. 248, 824–834 (1995).
Arkin, I.T. et al. Structural organization of the pentameric transmembrane α-helices of phospholamban, a cardiac ion channel. EMBO. J. 13, 4757–4764 (1994).
Englander, S.W. & Englander, J.J. Structure and energy change in hemoglobin by hydrogen exchange labeling. Methods Enzymol. 232, 26 (1994).
Braiman, M.S. & Rothschild, K.J. Fourier transform infrared techniques for probing membrane protein structure. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Chem. 17, 541–570 (1988).
Tadesse, L., Nazarbaghi, R. & Walters, L. Isotopically enhanced infrared spectroscopy: a novel method for examining secondary structure at specific sites in conformationally heterogeneous peptides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 7036–7037 (1991).
Huimin, L. & Thomas Jr., G.J., Cysteine conformation and sulfhydryl interactions in proteins and viruses. 1. Correlation of the Raman S–H band with hydrogen bonding and intramolecular geometry in model compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 456–462 (1991).
Deamer, D.W. & Bramhall, J. Permeability of lipid bilayers to water and ionic solutes. J. Chem. Phys. Lipids 40, 167–188 (1986).
Smith, S.O., Hamilton, J., Salmon, A. & Bormann, B.J. Rotational resonance NMR determination of intra- and intermolecular distance constraints in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Biochemistry 33, 6327–6333 (1994).
Smith, S.O., Jonas, R., Braiman, M.S. & Bormann, B.J. Structure and orientation of the transmembrane domain of glycophorin A in lipid bilayers. Biochemistry 33, 6334–6341 (1994).
Smith, S.O. & Bormann, B.J. Determination of helix-helix interactions in membranes by rotational resonance NMR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 488–491 (1995).
Treutlein, H.R., Lemmon, M.A., Engelman, D.M. & Brünger, A.T. The glycophorin A transmembrane domain dimer: sequence specific propensity for a right-handed supercoil of helices. Biochemistry 31, 12726–12732 (1992).
Lemmon, M.A., Flanagan, J.M., Treutlein, H.R., Zhang, J. & Engelman, D.M. Sequence specificity in the dimerization of transmembrane α-helices. Biochemistry 31, 12719–12725 (1992).
Lemmon, M.A. et al. Glycophorin A dimerization is driven by specific interactions between transmembrane α-helices. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 7683–7689 (1992).
Fujii, J., Maruyama, K., Tada, M. & MacLennan, D.H. Expression and site-specific mutagenesis of phospholamban. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 12950–12955 (1989).
Adams, P.D., Arkin, I.T., Engelman, D.M. & Brünger, A.T. Computational searching and mutagenesis suggest a structure for phospholamban, a cardiac ion channel. Nature Struct. Biol. 2, 154–162 (1995).
Wu, J. & Kaback, H.R. Cysteine 148 in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli is a component of a substrate binding site. 2. Site-directed fluorescence studies. Biochemistry 33, 12166–12171 (1994).
Resek, J.F., Farahbakhsh, Z.T., Hubbell, W.L. & Khorana, H.G. Formation of the meta II photointermediate is accompanied by conformational changes in the cytoplasmic surface of rhodopsin. Biochemistry 32, 12025–12032 (1993).
Alexiev, U., Marti, T., Heyn, M.P., Khorana, H.G. & Scherrer, P. Covalently bound pH-indicator dyes at selected extracellular or cytoplasmic sites in bacteriorhodopsin. 2. Rotational orientation of helices D and E and kinetic correlation between M formation and proton release in bacteriorhodopsin micelles. Biochemistry 33, 13693–13699 (1994).
Nicholls, A. & Honig, B. A rapid finite difference algorithm, utilizing successive over relaxation to solve the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. J. Comput. Chem. 12, 435 (1991).
Isaiah T. Arkin
Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Box 208114, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
Kevin R. MacKenzie
, Donald M. Engelman
& Steven O. Smith
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
Lillian Fisher
Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565, Japan
Saburo Aimoto
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Arkin, I., MacKenzie, K., Fisher, L. et al. Mapping the lipid-exposed surfaces of membrane proteins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 3, 240–243 (1996) doi:10.1038/nsb0396-240
Accepted: 10 January 1996
Issue Date: 01 March 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0396-240
Determining the helical tilt of membrane peptides using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Justin P. Newstadt
, Daniel J. Mayo
, Johnson J. Inbaraj
, Nidhi Subbaraman
& Gary A. Lorigan
Journal of Magnetic Resonance (2009)
Rational design of `water-soluble' bacteriorhodopsin variants
Kakoli Mitra
, Thomas A. Steitz
& Donald M. Engelman
Protein Engineering, Design and Selection (2002)
How Membranes Shape Protein Structure
Stephen H. White
, Alexey S. Ladokhin
, Sajith Jayasinghe
& Kalina Hristova
Journal of Biological Chemistry (2001)
Hydrogen exchange in peptides and proteins using NMR spectroscopy
Christopher E. Dempsey
Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2001)
Use of a New Label, 13C18O, in the Determination of a Structural Model of Phospholamban in a Lipid Bilayer. Spatial Restraints Resolve the Ambiguity Arising from Interpretations of Mutagenesis Data
Jaume Torres
, Paul D. Adams
& Isaiah T. Arkin
Journal of Molecular Biology (2000)
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