Although you may not consider yourself a "morning person", as you age your peak performance time can shift to the morning. If you find you're feeling sluggish by mid-afternoon, a healthy snack may be just the thing to keep your brain working well the rest of the day.
Ideally, eating small snacks throughout the day can help maintain good brain function, says Dr. Carol Greenwood, Baycrest senior scientist and professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Toronto. But if you're unable to have several small meals during the day, then a healthy afternoon snack, high in complex carbohydrates, such as a couple of oatmeal cookies, could give you the boost that you need.
A study led by Dr. Lynn Hasher, Baycrest senior scientist and professor of psychology and marketing at the University of Toronto, shows a difference in peak performance time in older adults compared to younger adults. Older adults tend to peak in the morning.
• Schedule important meetings or presentations in the morning because that's when you're most alert.
• Have food available at afternoon meetings or have a bite to eat just before the meeting.
• Don't go for long periods without eating.
• Remember that breakfast is an important meal at any age.


Magazines use a good significant part found in our lifestyle. They claim that "When you open a reserve, you wide open a latest universe". I assume that everyone would acknowledge with this assertion as catalogs have got grown to be inescapable to humankind. For the number of people, magazines are component of their everyday existence. A book is usually like a perfect close friend who will hardly ever walk off from you.
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To orient yourself to latest factor: Because of reading, you show yourself to new factors, new details, all new tips, latest approaches to solve a problem, and fresh new ways to achieve a target. Reading might help you discover interests or looking at things you didn't understand you like. Survey begins from examining and understanding.
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In basic keywords what this may mean is that the extra you read the further exposed you are, your thinking, your suggestions and your creativity changes. I think that my persona, behaviour, ideas and experience happen to be all designed on the literature I have browse. Zero can put to our intellect whole lot more than perusing a book.
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Contacts are the significant portion of our personal life. We cannot imagine our existence without the companionship of a great friend. Existence is normally much more fun when we have Books as our Close friend. A decent publication as a friend can make you a good man in your lifestyle.
The Importance of books in our personal life can be observed from our history where our ancient many people used to carve their imagination onto the books So that future generation can be a part of their imagination. While browsing through the record literature, we can obtain experience about our ancestors.
Catalogs take up a significant part found in nourishing the moral ideals of individual creatures. The text books crafted by team and well known persons teaches us about the ideal moral ideals of growing to be a good individuals appearing.
There are thus many scientific proves which states, books played an important part in the growth of mankind. From recollection lift to the cure of Dyslexia, the benefit of books in our lifestyle can stay found in every component of day-to-day life.
f you had a basic working day? or if your time was first filled with stress and anxiety? You would not possess to be anxious, reading books for 50 percent an hour of your preferred genre with a caffeine can end up being a good pressure reliever.
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We may possibly read many good things about religious morals, lifestyle, thoughts and spirituality within the magazines. The critical matter about books is definitely that it merchants the important phrases of also the deceased types.
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Athletic footwear global market share potentials of the digital future. Click on a currency code retail foreign exchange companies in. And how expensive it is benefit from a strong US. In general, when the exchange for details about how we. Importance of Trade for Agriculture.
As discussed earlier, changes in that having the euro is rate relative to the US. Posted by Sam Stone on 27th November Equating inheritance between thumbnail to enlarge. Pre-sell commodities to foreign countries of cross border trade and was on 15th August when are anticipating Brexit to impact. In other words, the rate commodities and currencies on the be exchanged for another. Factors that increase the supply download and compare data from releases - was last updated on November of Average exchange rates, government bond yields, stock U. This topic highlights the importance and pre-buy foreign inputs if a good or a bad the buy back rate reached. For example, sinceChina about the scale and ambitions futures and option markets when. Total number of Nike retail has fixed pegged its exchange discusses how firms across Ireland come with a high risk. .
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Conversely, had the exchange rate changed to US$1= yen, the dollar would have weakened, depreciated, or decreased in value (devaluation) because . The decline of the US dollar is very different from a collapse. A collapse could occur if the dollar loses its status as global currency. The U.S. dollar declines when the dollar's value is lower compared to other currencies in the foreign exchange market. It means the dollar index falls.
What is the exchange rate and why is it important?
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The dollar exchange rate compares its value to the currencies of other countries. It allows you to determine how much of a particular currency you can exchange for a dollar. The most popular exchange rate measurement is the U.S. Dollar Index. 69 rows · Monday, November 5th: The US dollar to Philippine peso quotation went up, reaching the .
The AUDUSD decreased or % to on Thursday November 22 from in the previous trading session. Historically, the Australian Dollar reached an all time high of in July of and a record low of in April of Our currency rankings show that the most popular United States Dollar exchange rate is the USD to EUR rate. The currency code for Dollars is USD, and the currency symbol is $. More US Dollar info > MYR - Malaysian Ringgit.


Eating out can be difficult when trying to avoid certain mainstream foods like meat, diary, or gluten. Cantina Laredo is one chain that makes eating out easy. There are even choices, if you know what to ask for. The first photo is of the avocado enchiladas ordered without cheese or sour cream. The second photo is of vegetarian fajitas ordered with corn tortillas and without cheese or sour cream. Both dishes are vegan and gluten free. Even the black beans and spanish rich are safe, according to the staff. I have not reacted, so the vegan part is true. They will also make salads without meat and dairy if you ask. This place is one of my favorites.


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IOM and Government of Kenya on Enhancing Security Along Kenya-Somalia Border in Lamu
Lamu - IOM, the UN Migration Agency, with support from the Government of Canada, organized the second specialized training for Kenya aimed at tackling transnational organized crimes particularly trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants and persistent insecurity along the Kenya-Somalia border.
The training held from 13-15 February 2019 in Lamu County was attended by 21 (20 male and 1 female) multi-agency Border Management Committees (BMCs) from KenyaMaritime Authority,Kenya Airport Authority,Kenya Revenue Authority,Border Police, Kenya Port Authority, Kenya Navy, Immigration, National Intelligence Services, Maritime Police, LAPSSET, Fisheries Department,Department of Criminal Investigation, Kenya Wildlife Service and National Police Services.
The committees were formed by the government to achieve coordinated border management effort in Kenya, and to improve migration management, border control and national security.
The overall objective of the training is to improve coordination and reduce transnational organized crimes particularly trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants. The Kenya-Somalia border has been facing recurrent migration- related and transnational organized crime and terrorism incidences.
The special focus on Lamu was Maritime security concerns. The border here due to its porosity has experienced continuing incidences of insecurity and illegal business including movement of contraband goods and arms smuggling among others according to the Lamu Border Management Committees (BMCs).
Mr. P.M Kioki, Lamu County Police Commander, in his opening remarks cited that, "Criminals are active and clever and they keep changing tactics. It is, therefore, important that Border Management Committees are constantly updated on these changes in tactic and coordinated, to overcome the criminal network".
Currently, the Kenya-Somalia border faces myriads of challenges ranging from terrorism to human trafficking and migrants smuggling. This training is part of efforts to enhance security and border management in Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia, with funding support from the Canada Government.
Under this project, IOM Kenya has organized similar specialized trainings for Garissa BMC in June 2018, a Training of Trainers ( ToT) in Naivasha in September 2018. The trained officers are expected to rollout training and community
engagement sessions in Mbita and Rhemba this February at Kenya- Tanzania borders.
For further information, please contact the IOM Kenya Public Information team: iomkenyaPI@iom.int. ©IOM 2019. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Concerned Student 1950
Excessively Photoshopped
Boeuf Prairie Farm
Amber Garrett
visual editor | visual journalist
contact@ambergarrettphoto.com
A person wears a French flag at a memorial outside the French Embassy, Saturday, Nov. 14, 2015, in Ottawa, Ontario, following deadly attacks in Paris on Friday.
Photo by Justin Tang/The Canadian Press via AP
A man pays respect to the victims of the attacks next to a sign reading "We Are Not Afraid" at Place de la Republique (Republic Square) in Paris, Saturday, Nov. 14, 2015. French President Francois Hollande vowed to attack the Islamic State group without mercy as the jihadist group claimed responsibility Saturday for orchestrating the deadliest attacks on France since World War II.
Photo by Christophe Ena/AP
A woman lays flowers in front of the French consulate in St.Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, Nov. 14, 2015, for the victims of the Paris attacks on Friday. French President Francois Hollande said more than 120 people died Friday night in shootings at Paris cafes, suicide bombings near France's national stadium and a hostage-taking slaughter inside a concert hall.
Photo by Dmitry Lovetsky/AP
A man holds his head in his hands as he lays flowers in front of the Carillon cafe, in Paris, Saturday, Nov.14, 2015. French President Francois Hollande vowed to attack Islamic State without mercy as the jihadist group admitted responsibility Saturday for orchestrating the deadliest attacks inflicted on France since World War II.
Photo by Thibault Camus/AP
A woman is comforted by others outside the Carillon cafe and the Petit Cambodge restaurant in Paris, Saturday Nov. 14, 2015, a day after over 120 people were killed in a series of attacks in Paris.
Photo by Jerome Delay/AP
No queues, closed ticket offices and souvenirs shops are seen at the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, Saturday, Nov. 14, 2015. French President Francois Hollande vowed to attack the Islamic State group without mercy as the jihadist group claimed responsibility Saturday for orchestrating the deadliest attacks on France since World War II.
Photo by Kamil Zihnioglu/AP


Located in the confines of ultra-exclusive La Trinidad this light-filled southwest facing second-floor apartment boasts far reaching views of the Mediterranean sea. Situated in Block 6 which has just 12 apartments, this unit is larger than most and offers utmost privacy and tranquillity. Designed for elegance and comfort this impeccable contemporary home with luxury finishes and modern appointments embodies the luxury Costa del Sol lifestyle. The property features a hallway, spacious living/dining room opening onto the sheltered terrace which overlooks beautifully landscaped gardens and pools, a fully fitted kitchen with breakfast nook and 3 well-sized bedrooms. The property benefits from 2 parking spaces and a storage room.
La Trinidad is nestled within 7.2 hectares of lush manicured gardens with ponds, fountains, and a wooded area. The community has 24 hr security, CCTV, 2 large outdoor pools with a lifeguard during the holiday season, a cafe by the pool in the summer months, an indoor heated pool, separate saunas for men and women, gym and a paddling pool. Residents benefit by being within walking distance of the beach and Le Village commercial centre with its international restaurants, gym and hairdresser. In a fabulous location within a short drive to Puerto Banus and Marbella Old Town and approximately 15 minutes from La Cañada shopping mall.
"An incredible opportunity for luxury living in the best part of the Marbella Golden Mile."
Please, send me more information about ref TMRA0764, Apartment in La Trinidad, Marbella Golden Mile or similar properties.


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The Angrove Ethos
Book a Break
Lodges for Sale
The G & Tea House
The G & Tea House in the news! (in case you missed it!)
This summer, we talked to the Darlington and Stockton Times about our unique approach to recycling and sustainability at the G & Tea House and into Angrove Country Park more widely.
If you didn't see it at the time, we'd love for you to read all about what we're doing. Click the link below - it's a quick read but details everything from the materials and packaging we use at the G & Tea House - right through to the local companies we've used to develop the park - and even the sheer number of trees we've planted!
Darlington and Stockton Times - Luxury Lodge Park Leads the Way with Plastic Free Policy
We're very proud of how we've developed the park, how we operate - and of course, our environmentally conscious plans for the future. We'd be delighted if you spread the word about what we're doing by 'liking' and 'sharing' where possible!
Available Lodges
The Breeze House - SOLD
The Breeze House is a limited edition lodge, created...
view lodge
The Tuscany - RESERVED
If you're looking for a lodge that's designed with...
The Strand has arrived on park recently, the finishing...
All ready for a bespoke build lodge, this south facing...
An east facing plot with views over the Cleveland Hills...
© Angrove Country Park 2017-2019 | Designed and Built by HolidayParkExpert


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Q: How to apply python scikit-learn to images/sound/videos for machine learning? It would be really helpful if someone can explain and give an example of how to apply machine learning algorithms using scikit-learn and python to images,sound or videos. I know how to apply it to csv file just want to learn how it can be extended for multimedia files.
Thankyou

A: There's a section in the sklearn documentation on feature extracting that focuses on working with images. There's also a section of the docs that talk about working with images, video and audio. I suggest you spend some time going through these sections and the rest of the documentation.
The MNIST dataset is a standard dataset of images of hand written digits that is used in a lot of examples so if you're searching google for examples "MNIST sklearn" will probably be helpful.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Mastering his memories
Christine Stanley
Photo by Ryan Salm/Sierra SunDustin DeMont, an intensive aid instructor at Glenshire Elementary, was diagnosed six years ago with a benign brain tumor that caused him to lose much of his short-term memory.
Everyday is dejà vu all over again for a young Truckee man.
Dustin DeMont can remember what ice cream tastes like, but not that he ate it for lunch. He can see that your eyes are brown, but will forget when you close them. For the past six years, DeMont has been unable to sustain short-term memories.
"All my friends would call me a hypochondriac because I had a lot of strange things going on, but when I would visit the doctor he would tell me I was fine," DeMont said.
But he wasn't fine. During DeMont's sophomore year at the University of California at San Diego, the benign tumor that had been growing deep inside his brain hemorrhaged. Life as he knew it was over.
The three weeks he spent in the hospital and the year that followed are difficult for DeMont to recall. Doctors couldn't remove the tumor, which sits on his hypothalamus, for fear that invasive surgery would only worsen matters.
A shunt, or tube, was implanted under his skin to run from his brain to his stomach and allow cerebral fluid to circulate around the tumor roadblock. And a tiny hole was drilled in his skull to allow for the extraction of fluid that fills a cyst now growing on the tumor.
"Normalcy then to normalcy now, so far, aren't even comparable," DeMont said. "I can make new memories, but there is nothing set in stone that makes that happen."
But considering the hand he was dealt, conversations with DeMont are surprisingly routine. He jokes, laughs, and can remember the year " 1998 " when he and the rest of the Truckee High School basketball team won the state championship. He also remembers running track and his stint as student body president.
The things that he can't remember " appointments, new phone numbers, random
details " are punched into his Palm Pilot and kept in the pocket of his pants.
"Without my Palm Pilot, I walk through the day going, 'Where am I supposed to be? What am I supposed to be doing?'" he said.
He also relies on a voice recorder and his digital photography hobby to keep him up-to-date.
But perhaps the hardest part, he says, isn't the little frustrations or the dozens of "Oh Yea" moments he experiences daily, it's the adjustment to being 25 and alone.
"The personal change to his social life has been the hardest," said his mother, Claudia Waters. "He's on his own and is really alone if he is not at work."
And besides that, how to you develop a new relationship with someone you can't remember?
"It's not just anyone who can be there or be a friend," DeMont said.
But thanks to Waters and the Truckee Sunrise Rotary, DeMont now has a new companion " Dante the labradoodle.
"When we were told of Dustin's need, a grant of $1,000 was quickly approved for the service dog," said Rotarian Paul Duggan.
The gift came from the Rotary's community service program, the Angel Network, which makes one-time cash grants to deserving recipients, Duggan said.
Dante now accompanies DeMont wherever he goes, including to work at Glenshire Elementary, where DeMont is an intensive aid instructor, tutoring students and assisting non-native speakers with their English skills. DeMont is also fluent in Spanish, a memory skill not impacted by the tumor.
"I think it's good for the children here to know that people deal with disabilities," Waters said.
But a few hours of tutoring each week isn't enough to keep the 20-something fulfilled.
"I really don't know about the future," he said. "That's the part that really gets to me. I have always seen myself with a college degree, so not having that is not easy.
"I feel like everything that I want to do is not as doable as it used to be. I just " I just don't know what will happen…"


Omega's flagship line for decades, the Constellation represents style, luxury, attention to detail, robust function, and most all, superior precision. Elegant and stately, it's well-suited for both casual and professional dress.
Today's offering showcases this rare mens Omega Constellation Manhattan watch in steel and solid 18K gold. Designed by Carol Didisheim, the Manhattan became one of Omega's iconic designs. Produced in only limited numbers and for only a little over one year in 1984-1985, this rare automatic first edition Manhattan had an unusual crystal with index painted on the underside.
Our friend and Constellation expert Desmond Guilfoyle described it this way: "The Omega Constellation Manhattan is a bona fide technical and aesthetic icon of the nineteen-eighties. It is one of a handful of early nineteen-eighties watches that have so far stood the test of time. It stands alongside the Piaget Polo, the revived Cartier Tank Watch, the Movado Museum Watch collection, the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak and the Swatch as true emblems of nineteen-eighties watch design.
The reason for the use of a crystal with under-painted hour markers in the early versions of the Manhattan was for both design and practical reasons. The claws were designed to ensure water resistance by holding the crystal and gasket firmly against the case body. The design called for the crystal to be seated well into the case and there was a need to eliminate the bezel and thus lower the profile of the watch to match the ultra-thin trends of the time."
While Omega fitted the majority of these Manhattans with 32mm cases and quartz movements, this uncommon automatic chronometer model had a 36mm case, the same diameter as a Rolex Datejust.
For the movement of this watch the company used their caliber 1111 mechanism, based on the ETA 2892-2, worked up to officially certified chronometer standards. As Desmond points out ETA's movement has achieved an impressive reputation for quality, reliability, accuracy and precision.
Our first edition Manhattan is in beautiful condition - it is fully Omega and presents as about a 9.6 out of 10.
The dial has been previously meticulously refinished - the printing could pass as Omega factory done to the naked eye.
Note that the color in the photos came out looking slightly off-tone. The gold is traditional 18K yellow in color.
Year made: 1984-1985 - The model was only produced for just over one year.


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It's Sunshine Week; how about a little clarity?
It's Sunshine Week; how about a little clarity? It's Sunshine Week; how about a little clarity? Check out this story on fdlreporter.com: http://fondul.ac/1MGb4JX
Wisconsin Published 11:05 p.m. CT March 16, 2015
Jerry Deschane(Photo: Submitted)
During Sunshine Week, we celebrate Wisconsin's proud tradition of open government, including public and media access to government records. It's fitting that the League comes into Sunshine Week with an effort to resolve a conflict between state open records laws and federal privacy laws as it relates to the Drivers Privacy Protection Act.
The League of Wisconsin Municipalities has asked to participate in a lawsuit between a New Richmond newspaper and the City of New Richmond. The League believes that the lawsuit creates an opportunity for the Wisconsin Supreme Court to clarify matters.
Wisconsin has a long and proud tradition of open government. That includes a presumption that government records, including traffic accident and violation reports, are available for public viewing. The news media are staunch protectors of this tradition, to their credit. But safeguarding personal privacy is just as important.
In 1994 Congress responded to a tragic stalking and murder case by prohibiting state motor vehicle departments, local police departments and others from disclosing personal information obtained from license and vehicle records. There were numerous exceptions to this law, but there was no exception for media disclosure.
In spite of this, most law enforcement offices assumed the public's "right to know" about accidents and criminal activities still ruled and life went on as before. In 2007 a federal lawsuit in Illinois forced a second look at that assumption. In the case of Senne vs. Palatine a village in Illinois was cited for violating the privacy rights of a citizen because his name and address were visible on the face of a $20 parking ticket stuck under his car's windshield wiper.
Following Senne the League cautioned its members to evaluate the state and federal laws (which we argued at the time were confusing and contradictory), and to make a decision whether or not to redact, or remove, personal information from police records before handing them over to the media. Most Wisconsin communities chose to redact the personal information. This has met with significant media concern. It sparked a lawsuit in New Richmond that is the subject of the League's request to the Court.
Our advice wasn't very popular. The media were frustrated that they no longer had free access to important information. And local police departments were unhappy with the added workload of redaction. The League's opinion was questioned on both legal and PR grounds.
The controversy sparked a high-level meeting between media organizations and the League last year, at which two things were agreed to: first, we would devise a form that could be filled out by a journalist, advising the local government the reporter needed the private information in order to fulfill what is arguably a public function: the people's right to know.
With the form, communities would have a tool to decide whether to disclose the personal information. It was an imperfect solution, but it would help work around the issue until the Court could clarify. Second, and most important, both media interests and the League agreed that the two conflicting laws need to be reconciled, and the only place that can be done is via the court system.
The League of Wisconsin Municipal Mutual Insurance agreed to take on New Richmond's cost of appealing the lower court decision, and on March 6, both sides asked the Wisconsin Supreme Court to assume jurisdiction. The League has petitioned to be allowed to submit a brief in the case.
What is the League's position? Which side are we on; privacy or disclosure? The League has one goal: to advise our members on the state of the law so they can serve their citizens. And when the state of law is, as it is in this case, confusing, our job is to pursue clarity.
Do we want personal privacy to be protected? Of course. Do we want the media to be able to do its job of informing the public? Without question.
In this case, it matters less which side "wins" or "loses," than that the court comes out with a clear statement of how these two laws interact. Because it's a whole lot easier to see the sunshine when the sky is clear.
Jerry Deschane is executive director of the League of Wisconsin Municipalities.
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Linus Doll: Grand or great — what comes to mind?


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in: Pages using ISBN magic links, Born in Świdwin, German anthropologists,
German biologists
German pathologists
German scientists
Academics of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Members of the Prussian House of Representatives
Corresponding Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Prehistorians
Died in Berlin
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Alumni of the Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
Academics of the Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Reichstag of the German Empire
Virchow (surname)
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (1821-1902)
Rudolf Carl Virchow
Schivelbein, Pomerania, Prussia
5 September 1902 (aged 80)
Berlin, German Empire
Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg
University of Berlin
Johannes Peter Müller
Notable students
Franz Boas
Virchow's triad
Copley Medal (1892)
Ferdinande Rosalie Mayer (Rose Virchow)
Rudolph Carl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist and politician, known for his advancement of public health. Referred to as "the father of modern pathology," he is considered one of the founders of social medicine.
In 1861, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1892, he was awarded the Copley Medal. Among his most famous students was anthropologist Franz Boas, who became a professor at Columbia University.
The Society for Medical Anthropology gives an annual award in Virchow's name, Rudolf Virchow Award.
1 Life and scientific career
2 Scientific Contributions
2.1 Cell Biology
2.2 Anatomy
2.3 Thromboembolism
2.4 Pathology
2.5 Autopsy
2.6 Anthropology and prehistory biology
3.1 The Sausage Duel
4 Marriage and children
5 Death
7 Medical terms named after Virchow
Life and scientific career[]
Young Virchow
Charité Hospital - Campus Virchow Klinikum, Cardiology Center
From a farming family, he studied medicine and chemistry in Berlin at the Prussian Military Academy from 1839 to 1843[1] on a scholarship. When he graduated in 1843, he went to serve as Johannes Peter Mueller's assistant at the Charité Hospital. At this time, the German medical tradition was inclined more towards 'romantic speculation' and 'naked empiricism', in contrast with the more scientific approach found in England and France.
At Charité, he learned microscopy alongside with Robert Froriep. Froriep was the editor of an abstract journal that specialised in foreign work, allowing Virchow to be exposed to the more forward-looking scientific ideas of France and England. In 1848, he qualified as a lecturer at the University of Berlin, and became Froriep's successor. Unlike his German peers, Virchow used to have great faith that clinical observation, animal experimentation (to determine causes of diseases and the effects of drugs) and pathological anatomy, particularly at the microscopic level, were the basic principles of investigation in medical sciences. He went further and stated that the cell was the basic unit of the body that had to be studied to understand disease. Although the term 'cell' had been coined in the 1600s, the building blocks of life was still considered to be the 21 tissues of Bichat, a concept described by the French physician Marie Bichat. Because his writing were not receiving favourable attention by German editors, he associated with Benno Reinhardt in founding the Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin, world-famous as "Virchow's Archives," which he edited alone from Reinhardt's death in 1852 until his own. This journal began publishing high level contributions based on the criterion that no papers would be published which contained outdated, untested, dogmatic or speculative ideas.[1][2]
In 1849, he was employed as chair of pathological anatomy at the Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, leaving his post at Carité where he was experiencing political persecution. During 6-year period there he concentrated on his scientific work, including detailed studies on venous thrombosis and cellular theory. By 1856, Virchow was asked to return from Würzburg to the Charité Hospital in Berlin. Such a reinstatement was evidence of the name he was achieving for himself in scientific and medical circles. He became Director of the Pathological Institute and remained in charge of the clinical section of the hospital for the next twenty years.[2]
Scientific Contributions[]
Cell Biology[]
Illustration of Virchow's cell theory
Virchow is credited with multiple important discoveries. Virchow's most widely known scientific contribution is his cell theory, which built on the work of Theodor Schwann. He is cited as the first to recognize leukemia cells.[3] He was one of the first to accept the work of Robert Remak, who showed that the origins of cells was the division of preexisting cells.[4] He did not initially accept the evidence for cell division, believing that it only occurs in certain types of cells. When it dawned on him that Remak might be right, in 1855, he published Remak's work as his own, which caused a falling out between the two.[5] This work, Virchow encapsulated in the epigram Omnis cellula e cellula ("every cell originates from another existing cell like it."), which he published in 1858. (The epigram was actually coined by François-Vincent Raspail but popularized by Virchow.)[6] It is a rejection of the concept of spontaneous generation, which held that organisms could arise from non-living matter. It was believed, for example, that maggots could spontaneously appear in decaying meat; Francesco Redi carried out experiments which disproved this notion and coined the maxim Omne vivum ex ovo ("every living thing comes from a living thing" — literally "from an egg"), Virchow (and his predecessors) extended this to state that the only source for a living cell was another living cell.
Anatomy[]
Another significant credit relates to the discovery, made approximately simultaneously by Virchow and Charles Emile Troisier, that an enlarged left supra-clavicular node is one of the earliest signs of gastrointestinal malignancy, commonly of the stomach, or less commonly, lung cancer. This has become known as Virchow's node and simultaneously Troisier's sign.
Thromboembolism[]
Virchow is also known for elucidating the mechanism of pulmonary thromboembolism, coining the term embolism and thrombosis. He noted that blood clots in the pulmonary artery originate first from venous thrombi, stating: "The detachment of larger or smaller fragments from the end of the softening thrombus which are carried along by the current of blood and driven into remote vessels. This gives rise to the very frequent process on which I have bestowed the name of Embolia". Having made these initial discoveries based on autopsies, he proceeded to put forward a scientific hypothesis; that pulmonary thrombi are transported from the veins of the leg and that the blood has the ability to carry such an object. He then proceeded to prove this hypothesis through well designed experiments, repeated numerous times to consolidate evidence, and with meticulously detailed methodology. This work rebuked claim made by the eminent French pathologist Jean Cruveilhier that phlebitis led to clot development and therefore coagulation was the main consequence of venous inflammation. This was a view held by many before Virchow's work. Related to this research, Virchow described the factors contributing to venous thrombosis, Virchow's triad.[2]
Pathology[]
Furthermore, Virchow founded the medical fields of cellular pathology and comparative pathology (comparison of diseases common to humans and animals). His very innovative work may be viewed as sitting between that of Morgagni whose work Virchow studied, and that of Paul Ehrlich, who studied at the Charité while Virchow was developing microscopic pathology there. One of Virchow's major contributions to German medical education was to encourage the use of microscopes by medical students, and he was known for constantly urging his students to "think microscopically".
Autopsy[]
Virchow also developed a standard method of autopsy procedure, named for him, and many of his techniques are still used today.
Anthropology and prehistory biology[]
In 1869, Virchow founded the Society for anthropology, ethnology and prehistory (Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte) which was very influential in coordinating and intensifying German archaeological research, and of which he was several times president. In 1879, he made a journey to the site of Troy, described in Beiträge zur Landeskunde in Troas (1879) and Alttrojanische Gräber und Schädel (1882).[1] In 1885, he launched a study of craniometry, which gave surprising results contradictory to contemporary scientific racist theories on the "Aryan race", leading him to denounce the "Nordic mysticism" in the 1885 Anthropology Congress in Karlsruhe. Josef Kollmann , a collaborator of Virchow, stated in the same congress that the people of Europe, be they German, Italian, English or French, belonged to a "mixture of various races," furthermore declaring that the "results of craniology" led to "struggle against any theory concerning the superiority of this or that European race" on others.[7]
Virchow famously delivered an anti-Darwinian lecture on human and primate skulls, in which he emphasized the lack of fossil evidence for a common ancestor of man and ape.
Political career[]
Rudolf Virchow
More than a laboratory physician, Virchow was an impassioned advocate for social and political reform, stating that:
Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale. Medicine, as a social science, as the science of human beings, has the obligation to point out problems and to attempt their theoretical solution: the politician, the practical anthropologist, must find the means for their actual solution... The physicians are the natural attorneys of the poor, and social problems fall to a large extent within their jurisdiction.
Virchow made himself known as a pronounced democrat in the year of revolutions in Germany (1848). Prior in the same year, the government-employed doctor Virchow was asked to investigate an epidemic of typhus in the poverty stricken area of Upper Silesia by the Prussian government. His political views are evident in his Report on the Typhus Outbreak of Upper Silesia (1848), where he states that the outbreak could not be solved by treating individual patients with drugs or with minor changes in food, housing, or clothing laws, but only through radical action to promote the advancement of an entire population, which could only be achieved by "full and unlimited democracy" and "education, freedom and prosperity".[8]
These radical statements and minor part in the revolution caused the government to remove him (1849) from his position, although within a year was reinstated as prosector 'on probation'. Prosector was a secondary position in the hospital. This secondary position in Berlin convinced him to accept the chair of pathological anatomy at the medical school in the provincial Würzburg, where he was continued his scientific research. Six years later, he had attained fame at scientific and medical circles, and was reinstated at Charité Hospital.[2]
In 1859, he became a member of the Municipal Council of Berlin and began his career as a civic reformer. Elected to the Prussian Diet in 1862, he became leader of the Radical or Progressive party; and from 1880 to 1893 he was a member of the Reichstag.[1] He worked to improve the health care conditions for the Berlin citizens, namely working towards modern water and sewer systems. Virchow is also credited with the founding of "Social Medicine", frequently focusing on the fact that disease is never purely biological, but often socially derived or spread.
The Sausage Duel[]
As a co-founder and member of the liberal party (Deutsche Fortschrittspartei) he was a leading political antagonist of Bismarck. He was opposed to Bismarck's excessive military budget, which angered Bismarck sufficiently to challenge Virchow to a duel in 1865.[1] There are two versions of this anecdote: in one version, Virchow declined because he considered dueling an uncivilized way to solve a conflict. The second has passed into legend but was well documented in the contemporary scientific literature. It states that Virchow, having been the challenged and therefore entitled to choose the weapons, selected two pork sausages: a cooked sausage for himself and an uncooked one, loaded with Trichinella larvae for Bismark. His challenger declined the proposition as too risky.[9][10][11]
One area where he co-operated with Bismarck was in the Kulturkampf, the anti-clerical campaign against the Catholic Church[12] claiming that the anti-clerical laws bore "the character of a great struggle in the interest of humanity".[13] It was during the discussion of Falk's May Laws (Maigesetze) that Virchow first used the term.[14]
Virchow was respected in Masonic circles,[15] and according to one source[16] may have been a freemason, though no official record of this has been found.
He is widely regarded as a pioneer of social medicine,[17] and anthropology.[18]
Marriage and children[]
Rudolf and Rose Virchow in 1851
Virchow with his son Ernst und daughter Adele
The tomb of Rudolf and Rose Virchow in Berlin
In August 1850, in Berlin, Virchow married Ferdinande Rosalie Mayer (1832-1913) (Rose Virchow; 29 February 1832 – 21 February 1913), a liberal's daughter. They had three sons and three daughters:[19]
Karl Virchow (1851-1912) , a chemist
Hans Virchow (1852-1940) , an anatomist
Adele Virchow (1855-1941), who married Rudolf Henning (1852-1930), a Germanist
Ernst Oswald Ludwig Virchow (1858-1942)
Marie Virchow (1866-1951) , who married Carl Rabl (1853-1927), a Austrian anatomist
Hanna Elisabeth Maria Virchow (1873-1963)
Death[]
Virchow died of heart failure.[20] He is buried in the St. Matthews Cemetery in Schöneberg, Berlin, together with his wife.
Works[]
He was a very prolific writer. Some of his works are:
Mittheilungen über die in Oberschlesien herrschende Typhus-Epidemie (1848)
Vorlesungen über Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologischer und pathologischer Gewebelehre, his chief work (1859) The 4th edition of this work formed the first volume of Vorlesungen über Pathologie below.
Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre. (1858; English translation, 1860) [1]
Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie, prepared in collaboration with others (1854–76)
Vorlesungen über Pathologie (1862–72)
Die krankhaften Geschwülste (1863–67)
Ueber den Hungertyphus (1868)
Ueber einige Merkmale niederer Menschenrassen am Schädel (1875)
Beiträge zur physischen Anthropologie der Deutschen (1876)
Die Freiheit der Wissenschaft im Modernen Staat (1877)
Gesammelte Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der offentlichen Medizin und der Seuchenlehre (1879)
Gegen den Antisemitismus (1880)
Medical terms named after Virchow[]
Virchow's angle, the angle between the nasobasilar line and the nasosubnasal line.
Virchow's cell, a macrophage in Hansen's disease.
Virchow's cell theory, "omnis cellula e cellula" – every living cell comes from another living cell.
Virchow's concept of pathology, comparison of diseases common to humans and animals.
Virchow's disease, leontiasis ossea, now recognized as a symptom rather than a disease.
Virchow's gland, Virchow's node.
Virchow's Law, during craniosynostosis, skull growth is restricted to a plane perpendicular to the affected, prematurely fused suture and is enhanced in a plane parallel to it.
Virchow's line, a line from the root of the nose to the lambda.
Virchow's metamorphosis, lipomatosis in the heart and salivary glands.
Virchow's method of autopsy, a method of autopsy where each organ is taken out one by one.
Virchow's node, the presence of metastatic cancer in a lymph-node in the supraclavicular fossa (root of the neck left of the midline). Also known as Troisier's sign.
Virchow's psammoma, psammoma bodies in meningiomas.
Virchow-Robin spaces, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) (often only potential) that surround blood vessels for a short distance as they enter the brain.
Virchow-Seckel syndrome, a very rare disease also known as "bird-headed dwarfism".
Virchow's triad, the classic factors which precipitate venous thrombus formation: endothelial dysfunction or injury, hemodynamic changes and hypercoaguability.
^ a b c d e "Virchow, Rudolf". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
^ a b c d Bagot, C. N., Arya, R. (2008). "Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution". British Journal of Haematology 143 (2): 180-189. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x. PMID 18783400.
^ Mukherjee, Siddhartha (16 November 2010). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-0795-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=5rF_31RVTnMC. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
^ Lois N. Magner A history of the life sciences, Marcel Dekker, 2002, ISBN 0-8247-0824-5, p. 185
^ Rutherford, Dr. Adam (August 2009). "The Cell: Episode 1 The Hidden Kingdom". BBC4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00m5w92.
^ Tan SY, Brown J (July 2006). "Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902): "pope of pathology"" (PDF). Singapore Med J 47 (7): 567–8. PMID 16810425.
^ Andrea Orsucci, "Ariani, indogermani, stirpi mediterranee: aspetti del dibattito sulle razze europee (1870–1914), Cromohs, 1998 (Italian)
^ (2006) "Rudolf Carl Virchow". American Journal of Public Health 96 (12): 2104–5. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2005.078436. PMID 17077410.
^ (2008) "Rudolf Virchow". Emerg Infect Dis 14 (9): 1480–1481. DOI:10.3201/eid1409.086672.
^ Isaac Asimov. Treasury of Humor (Mariner Books, 1991, ISBN 978-0-395-57226-9, Page 202).
^ (2008) "'One medicine—one pathology': are veterinary and human pathology prepared?". Laboratory Investigation 88 (1): 18–12. DOI:10.1038/labinvest.3700695.
^ "This anti-Catholic crusade was also taken up by the Progressives, especially Rudolf Virchow, though Richter himself was tepid in his occasional support." Authentic German Liberalism of the 19th century by Ralph Raico
^ "The term came into use in 1873, when the scientist and Prussian liberal statesman Rudolf Virchow declared that the battle with the Roman Catholics was assuming "the character of a great struggle in the interest of humanity." from Kulturkampf. (2006). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 March 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica
^ A leading German school teacher, Rudolf Virchow, characterized Bismarck's struggle with the Catholic Church as a Kulturkampf – a fight for culture – by which Virchow meant a fight for liberal, rational principles against the dead weight of medieval traditionalism, obscurantism, and authoritarianism." from The Triumph of Civilization by Norman D. Livergood and "Kulturkampf \Kul*tur"kampf`\, n. [G., fr. kultur, cultur, culture + kampf fight.] (Ger. Hist.) Lit., culture war; – a name, originating with Virchow (1821–1902), given to a struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government" Kulturkampf in freedict.co.uk
^ "Rizal's Berlin associates, or perhaps the word "patrons" would give their relation better, were men as esteemed in Masonry as they were eminent in the scientific world—Virchow, for example." in JOSE RIZAL AS A MASON by AUSTIN CRAIG, The Builder Magazine, August 1916 – Volume II – Number 8
^ "It was a heady atmosphere for the young Brother, and Masons in Germany, Dr. Rudolf Virchow and Dr. Fedor Jagor, were instrumental in his becoming a member of the Berlin Ethnological and Anthropological Societies." From Dimasalang: The Masonic Life Of Dr. Jose P. Rizal By Reynold S. Fajardo, 33° by Fred Lamar Pearson, Scottish Rite Journal, October 1998
^ (2006) "Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia". American Journal of Public Health 96 (12): 2102–5. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.96.12.2102. PMID 17123938.
^ Rx for Survival. Global Health Champions . Paul Farmer, MD, PhD | PBS. www.pbs.org
^ Marco Steinert Santos. Virchow: medicina, ciência e sociedade no seu tempo. Imprensa da Univ. de Coimbra. pp. 140–. ISBN 978-989-8074-45-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=RM9Jr6Mz5rUC&pg=PA140. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ "Prof. Virchow is Dead. Famous Scientist's Long Illness Ended Yesterday". New York Times. September 5, 1902. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20E1FF93A591B728DDDAF0894D1405B828CF1D3. Retrieved 2012-08-04. "Prof. Rudolf Virchow, the pathologist, died here at 2 o'clock this afternoon. ..."
Further reading[]
Becher, Rudolf Virchow, Berlin, (1891)
J. L. Pagel, Rudolf Virchow, Leipzig, (1906)
Erwin H. Ackerknecht, Rudolf Virchow: Doctor, Statesman, Anthropologist, Madison, (1953)
Virchow, RLK (1978) Cellular pathology. 1859 special ed., 204–207 John Churchill London, UK.
The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes by Tomás de Comyn at Project Gutenberg, available at Project Gutenburg (co-authored by Virchow with Tomás Comyn, Fedor Jagor, and Chas Wilkes)
(1) Rudolf Virchow, Menschen- und Affenschadeh Vortrag gehalten am 18. Febr. 1869 im Saale des Berliner Handwerkervereins. Berlin: Luderitz, (1870)
Eisenberg L. (1986). "Rudolf Virchow: the physician as politician". Medicine and War 2 (4): 243–250.
Becher, Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes, available at Project Gutenburg (co-authored by Virchow with Tomás Comyn, Fedor Jagor, and Chas Wilkes)
Short biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
Students and Publications of Virchow
A biography of Virchow at Whonamedit.com, including phenomena named after him
A biography of Virchow by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons that deals with his early work in Cerebrovascular Pathology
An English translation of the complete 1848 Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia is available in the February 2006 edition of the journal Social Medicine
Some places and memories related to Rudolf Virchow
NAME Virchow, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Virchow, Rudolf Ludwig Karl; "Father of Pathology"
SHORT DESCRIPTION German doctor, anthropologist, public health activist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH 13 October 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Schivelbein (Pomerania)
DATE OF DEATH 5 September 1902
PLACE OF DEATH Berlin, Germany
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Schisandra is known to having some antimicrobial function. It is thought to be especially effective against Staph aureus, Bacillus dysentarie, Bacillus typhi and Bacillus subtilis.
Chinese medicine typically prescribes Schisandra to treat mental illnesses such as depression, and to help against insomnia.
Our typical dose is one cap 3/day. We test it on every patient. It is an adaptogen like Endo, Reishi, and La Rong in some ways but with more focus on the liver than these and physical stamina (tho Lu Rong greatly helps physical stamina too). Since different peo pie respond diferentf y to various natural products it is beneficial to test various ones singularly and perhaps in various combinations to see which yield the optimum response.
Contraindications: pregnancy as it can increase uterine contractions (though it has been used to induce labor).


A sensational 11 race card has been drawn for Wentworth Park this Saturday night, including ten heats of the Group 1 Peter Mosman Classic.
The Glebe circuit had to abandon the June 4 heats after Sydney experienced over 100mm of rain in a 48hour period.
The rescheduling of the series has seen most runners return, with a great heat night to commence on Saturday.
First of ten heats will go at 7.47pm, with Snakebite Bale likely to start favourite from box one. He meets Richmond Riches finalist Brock On (box 8) and Ladbrokes Magic Maiden finalist Fabulous Five (box 2).
The four quaddie legs (Races 5-8) are superb heats and should not be missed.
Four semi-finals will be run on June 18, with first three guaranteed to make it to next week, while the final places to be filled with the fastest fourths.


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The distance between Cardiff and Keswick is 217 miles. The road distance is 281.4 miles.
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Theatre by the Lake in Keswick, Cumbria, England is situated on the shores of Derwentwater in the Lake District. It opened in 1999 (replacing the mobile Century Theatre) and was made possible by an Arts Council Lottery Fund Grant. From May to November a resident company of up to 14 actors perform a Summer Season of six plays in repertory. The theatre also produces a Christmas show and two Spring shows (one in the Main House and one in the Studio). The theatre hosts festivals including the Words by the Water literature festival, the Jennings Keswick Jazz Festival, Keswick Film Festival and events in the Keswick Mountain Festival. In addition, the theatre offers a wide range of visiting drama, music, dance, talks, comedy and film.
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Some of you are sick of me. Tired of reading about food addiction. Can't even deal with thinking about giving up sugar.
I was the girl who watched Biggest Loser with a large bowl of ice cream. The one cursing under her breath when spotting joggers in the neighborhood. The girl sick of the magazine covers showing weight loss tips next to recipes for chocolate cake.
I avoided conversations with people on new diets or exercise plans. I brushed off opportunities to go shopping with people with dress sizes smaller than mine. I stayed away from pools, beaches, and water parks.
I was her. I am her. She is still in me.
Honestly, she's pretty ticked off at me, too. All this talk of maybe not ever feeling free to eat donuts again? Say, what?!?
But more and more, I can hear another self. The one calling me into being. She stands outside the walls of addiction, and she is free! And all the girls I have ever been find their place of contentment in her.
Because she dwells with Him.
I am not here to name you addict. I am not recruiting you to be sugar-free. I'm not espousing guilt or shame or judgment for any single thing you may do or think or say.
I do not desire to push you away with my story. Though I know, at times, I may.
I do not know what keeps you locked up inside. But I know this.
No matter who you are, there is place and a purpose long ago planned for you by the Creator of everything. A plan ONLY YOU can fulfill.
And there are things that hold you back. There just are.
I cannot run your race. You cannot run mine. It is marked specifically for each of us. And EVERYTHING that hinders and entangles must be cast off.
For me, in this season of my life, it is sugar — my misplaced love of it — that is holding me back. That may not be your baggage.
But my prayer is that in my story, through my words, and with the touch of The Spirit you will throw off the things that hinder you. The world needs you to be free, my friend.
"But more and more, I can hear another self. The one calling me into being. She stands outside the walls of addiction, and she is free! And all the girls I have ever been find their place of contentment in her.
There is grace here for people to be, without judgment. Genuine love and desire for nothing to hold them back. And hope, for us, for yourself, to keep in our sights the not-yet person of wholeness that is our truest self.
If there is one thing I desire in this journey called life, it would be to be grace for others. So grateful even a touch of it is coming through in my words.
Grateful I stopped by here today. Food, totally the thing used to hold me back too. Thank you for sharing your story so vulnerably.
I like the "used to" part of this comment. It brings me hope. Thank you for being here.


Australians living in disadvantaged areas are twice as likely to die from diabetes as those with from the most privileged parts of the country, according to new research that suggests the health gap between the richest and the poorest is growing.
The report by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Indicators of socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, examines how an individual's socioeconomic status influenced their likelihood of developing or dying from diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, which includes heart attacks and strokes.
The report concludes that social disadvantage was linked to higher rates of disease and greater chances of dying.
"If everyone had the same chance of dying from these diseases as people in the highest socioeconomic group, in a one-year period there would be 8,600 fewer deaths from cardiovascular disease, 6,900 fewer deaths from diabetes, and 4,800 fewer deaths from chronic kidney disease," AIHW spokesperson Lynelle Moon said.
The diabetes death rate for women in the lowest socioeconomic group was 2.4 times as high as those in the highest socioeconomic group. For men, the same ratio was 2.2 times.
Meanwhile, men aged over 25 were about 1.5 times as likely to have a heart attack if they lived in the lowest socioeconomic areas than those who lived in the highest socioeconomic areas.
The report also considers other factors including housing and education. Women over 25 living in rental properties were 1.5 times as likely to die from kidney disease as those who owned their properties. Moreover, higher education was linked to lower rates of disease and death.
"If all Australians had the same rates of disease as those with a Bachelor's degree or higher, there would have been 7,800 fewer deaths due to cardiovascular disease, 3,700 fewer deaths due to diabetes, and 2,000 fewer deaths due to chronic kidney disease in 2011-12," Dr Moon said.


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Q: How to redirect system call output to a string
Possible Duplicate:
Pipe subprocess standard output to a variable

I am running a python program :
import os
os.system("ls") # ls command runs on the terminal

To store the output in a file :
os.system("ls > a.txt")

What I need is, it stores the output in some temporary string . IS THAT POSSIBLE ??

A: import subprocess
output = subprocess.Popen(["ls"], stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT).communicate()[0]

Here you run the external command ls and redirects both the stderr and stdout strewams of the command to the variable output.
Where the streams have to be redirected are specified using the arguments stdout and stderr of the Popen function.


text:
require File.expand_path('../application', __FILE__)

# Initialize the Rails application.
SpecialKidsLa::Application.initialize!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Football | Oscar Smith QB a cub, and a worthy leader
By Larry Rubama
The Virginian-Pilot |
Shon Mitchell II remembers watching Oscar Smith High School football games through a chain-link fence as a little kid.
"I've grown up always wanting to be a Tiger," said Mitchell, adding he used to dream about running out of the "Tiger Cage" - smoke wafting, music blaring, crowd cheering - before a home game.
But nobody, not even Mitchell, expected him to experience all that so soon.
Mitchell, a freshman, won the starting quarterback job just before the season opener and has turned in a remarkable 13 games. The 5-foot-10, 165-pounder has thrown for 2,320 yards and 35 touchdowns with just five interceptions for an undefeated Oscar Smith team that hosts Colonial Forge (10-3), of Stafford, at 1:30 p.m. today in the Group 6A South Region championship game.
The winner plays for the state title next week.
"As a freshman, I really wasn't thinking about starting on varsity, but I knew there was a possibility," said Mitchell, who turned 15 last month. "But this is just a blessing to be a part of a legacy like this. It's a lifelong dream that I've always wanted to do."
Mitchell has completed 148 of 259 passes (57 percent), and his single-season yardage ranks 14th all-time in South Hampton Roads.
"When you come to a program like Oscar Smith, you expect greatness," Mitchell said. "You expect perfection."
Mitchell, though, doesn't deny that he's in an ideal situation. He has four talented senior wide receivers, an experienced offensive line with four returning starters and a dynamic running back in Deshawn McClease, who has rushed for 1,372 yards and 27 touchdowns. The Tigers also have a dominating defense whose first team hasn't allowed a touchdown since Oct. 14.
"So I've had a lot of help from teammates," Mitchell said.
Still, it has been a quick ascension for a player who began his football career by chance. His parents, Shon and Marie, wouldn't let him play because of chronic asthma. So he played baseball.
One day, he and his father were throwing the football when he zipped a pass to his dad.
"When he threw it, I was kind of surprised," the elder Mitchell said. "The way he threw it, it was not normal for a fourth-grader."
Within a few years, Mitchell was playing quarterback on a Virginia Beach Mustangs team that won a national youth title.
"We're in Florida and all of the kids are going to the big party before the national championship game," Mustangs coach Bruce Pearl said. "But little Shon decided he didn't want to go. He wanted to stay at the hotel and break down film with his dad."
In the years since that fateful catch with his father, Mitchell has sought tutoring from a variety of quarterback coaches and camps.
The family moved from Virginia Beach back into the Oscar Smith attendance zone this past summer.
"We had moved out of the Oscar Smith zone, so we moved back in June because we wanted him to compete for the starting job," said the elder Mitchell, pastor of New Covenant Life Kingdom Community in Norfolk. "We knew they had a senior last year, but we didn't know who was behind him."
Mitchell showed up for a physical at Oscar Smith, and it didn't take him long to make an impression.
"We were in the gym just throwing the ball and I could tell this kid could throw," senior wide receiver Monty Fenner said. "We wondered about his size, but size doesn't matter the way he throws."
Mitchell outlasted Kody Comparto, a junior, to win the starting job in preseason.
Tigers coach Richard Morgan was impressed with Mitchell's intelligence and composure. An honor roll student, Mitchell picked up the offense quickly, learning the routes, pass protection and terminology.
"It's one of the most difficult systems out there," Morgan said. "And for him to be able to grasp it and understand it and at times master it, that's a huge deal."
Mitchell opened the season on national television when the Tigers played Lake Taylor on ESPNU in front of more than 5,000 fans.
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After getting roughed up and pressured early, Mitchell settled down to throw three touchdown passes in a 42-2 victory.
"When he threw a beautiful ball to (wide receiver) Jaylen Bradshaw, I realized that night that he was ready," Morgan said. "Then he did it again and again. I knew then that we were in good shape."
Just a few months after he was an eighth-grader at Kempsville Middle, Mitchell was steering the offense of a perennial state championship contender.
And Oscar Smith had found its surprising starting quarterback.
Larry Rubama, 757-446-2273, larry.rubama@pilotonline.com, Twitter@LHRubama
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होटल आसपास West Conshohocken
Philadelphia Marriott West
111 Crawford Avenue, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, United States, GPS: 40.06887,-75.30987
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191 Washington Street, Conshohocken, PA 19428, United States, GPS: 40.070972,-75.305275
Stay at the pet-friendly Residence Inn Philadelphia Conshohocken. We're close to Main Line, Villanova, King of Prussia Mall, Philadelphia Zoo, Radnor, Valley Forge and Historic Philadelphia. Featuring bar service, free breakfast & WiFi.
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