text:
/* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.flowable.engine.impl.webservice;

import static org.flowable.engine.impl.webservice.AbstractWebServiceTaskTest.WEBSERVICE_MOCK_ADDRESS;

import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.Server;
import org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingInInterceptor;
import org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingOutInterceptor;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxws.JaxWsServerFactoryBean;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterEachCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeEachCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ParameterContext;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ParameterResolutionException;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ParameterResolver;

/**
 * Extension is needed, as we need to have the we service run before we start deploying to the flowable engine.
 *
 * @author Filip Hrisafov
 */
public class MockWebServiceExtension implements BeforeEachCallback, AfterEachCallback, ParameterResolver {

    private static final ExtensionContext.Namespace NAMESPACE = ExtensionContext.Namespace.create(MockWebServiceExtension.class);

    @Override
    public void beforeEach(ExtensionContext context) {
        getMockWebServiceContext(context).server.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void afterEach(ExtensionContext context) {
        getMockWebServiceContext(context).stopIfStarted();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supportsParameter(ParameterContext parameterContext, ExtensionContext extensionContext) throws ParameterResolutionException {
        Class<?> parameterType = parameterContext.getParameter().getType();
        return WebServiceMock.class.equals(parameterType) || Server.class.equals(parameterType);
    }

    @Override
    public Object resolveParameter(ParameterContext parameterContext, ExtensionContext extensionContext) throws ParameterResolutionException {
        Class<?> parameterType = parameterContext.getParameter().getType();
        if (WebServiceMock.class.equals(parameterType)) {
            return getMockWebServiceContext(extensionContext).webServiceMock;
        } else if (Server.class.equals(parameterType)) {
            return getMockWebServiceContext(extensionContext).server;
        }
        throw new ParameterResolutionException("Cannot resolve parameter for parameter context: " + parameterContext);
    }

    private static MockWebServiceContext getMockWebServiceContext(ExtensionContext context) {
        return getStore(context).getOrComputeIfAbsent(context.getUniqueId(), key -> create(), MockWebServiceContext.class);

    }

    private static ExtensionContext.Store getStore(ExtensionContext context) {
        return context.getRoot().getStore(NAMESPACE);
    }

    private static class MockWebServiceContext {

        protected final WebServiceMock webServiceMock;
        protected final Server server;

        private MockWebServiceContext(WebServiceMock webServiceMock, Server server) {
            this.webServiceMock = webServiceMock;
            this.server = server;
        }

        private void stopIfStarted() {
            if (server.isStarted()) {
                server.stop();
                server.destroy();
            }
        }
    }

    private static MockWebServiceContext create() {
        WebServiceMock webServiceMock = new WebServiceMockImpl();
        JaxWsServerFactoryBean svrFactory = new JaxWsServerFactoryBean();
        svrFactory.setServiceClass(WebServiceMock.class);
        svrFactory.setAddress(WEBSERVICE_MOCK_ADDRESS);
        svrFactory.setServiceBean(webServiceMock);
        svrFactory.getInInterceptors().add(new LoggingInInterceptor());
        svrFactory.getOutInterceptors().add(new LoggingOutInterceptor());
        Server server = svrFactory.create();
        return new MockWebServiceContext(webServiceMock, server);
    }
}


Research and development is a core area of activity for FH JOANNEUM. As a university of applied sciences FH JOANNEUM carries out research with the aim of contributing to social development and solving complex problems and issues of our time.
Against this background, research and development is a prerequisite for the internationally recognised education provided by FH JOANNEUM, which is based on permanent transfer of knowledge between teaching and R&D. Student involvement in research projects constitutes a decisive factor for the success of this career-oriented and scientifically grounded training.
The FH JOANNEUM research strategy rests on three pillars emphasising the social significance of our R&D activities: It promotes ecologically, socially and economically sustainable concepts. It is focused on benefit to society and the living space of individuals and groups. It is committed to an understanding of innovation that combines creative impetus with a solution and market oriented approach.
The complexity of the questions and issues confronting modern society and thus also modern science demands approaches and solutions that can only be generated through joint efforts by different disciplines. FH JOANNEUM thus sees modern research as a multidisciplinary mission to be fulfilled not only within the multitude of degree programmes but also within and across the four divisions.
The applied research offered by FH JOANNEUM ranges from the transfer of results from basic research to innovative services and developments. This ensures a close link between research and teaching and a high relevance for practical application.
The prime task of FH JOANNEUM as a university of applied sciences is to act as a driving force for Styrian business and industry and to strengthen the competitiveness of the region. Small and medium-sized enterprises are especially encouraged to make use of the innovative dynamics and expertise of FH JOANNEUM through cooperation and partnership.
FH JOANNEUM conducts research at a European level and seeks to consolidate its position as a key player in the international research landscape and to contribute its R&D expertise in cross-border network projects.
Close cooperation between the Styrian universities, research institutions and science networks are indispensable to establish and consolidate the position of Styria as a centre for international research. FH JOANNEUM aims to achieve this objective by actively pursuing innovative cooperation models within the tertiary education sector and beyond.


text:
Get Involved: Join the NAACP as we stand for Civil Rights. Donate Today
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NAACP Launches Website Ahead of 2020 Virtual March on Washington
< Back to Latest
ICYMI: NAACP Launches Special Website Ahead of 2020 Virtual March on Washington
Special website for virtual march on 57th anniversary of "I Have a Dream" speech to advance a bold Black agenda; honor the legacy of John Lewis; mobilize the vote
BALTIMORE — Today, the NAACP officially launched a new special website (2020march.com) for the 2020 Virtual March on Washington, which is being organized in partnership with National Action Network and a coalition of civil rights partners—along with Martin Luther King, III and the families of Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, Ahmaud Arbery, and Breonna Taylor. The website will provide thousands of supporters with a schedule of events, as well as tools to organize and register voters and volunteer ahead of the November elections. The virtual march — which will advance a bold National Black agenda — will take place on August 28 and 27, 2020 in partnership with the National Action Network, the National Coalition on Black Civic Participation, the National Urban League, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and The Leadership Conference.
The website outlines a series of events and activities to recommit to the dream Dr. Martin Luther King defined in the 1963 march, to call for police accountability and reform, and to mobilize voters ahead of the November elections. The #NonstopToNovember initiative will encourage supporters to mobilize to vote and demonstrate their collective power by marching for justice and demanding accountability.
Supporters are encouraged to sign up their fraternity, sorority, church, company, or organization for the march and its programming. Groups can sign up at 2020march.com/add-your-organization/ and will receive special opportunities to support the Virtual March.
Virtual and in-person programming will take place on the following dates, with more details and announcements coming soon at 2020march.com.
Thursday, August 27, 8-10pm ET
Music, reflections, panels, young activists.
Friday, August 28, 11am – 3pm ET
Convened by Rev. Al Sharpton and Martin Luther King III, the Commitment March will gather at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. to restore and recommit to the dream Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. defined in 1963. The March will be streamed across multiple social media platforms.
Friday, August 28, 9-11pm ET
The event will conclude with a night of virtual programming, including a major keynote address and musical performances by award-winning artists.
Founded in 1909 in response to the ongoing violence against Black people around the country, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is the largest and most pre-eminent civil rights organization in the nation. We have over 2,200 units and branches across the nation, along with well over 2M activists. Our mission is to secure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights in order to eliminate race-based discrimination and ensure the health and well-being of all persons.
NOTE TO PRESS: The Legal Defense Fund – also referred to as the NAACP-LDF was founded in 1940 as a part of the NAACP, but separated in 1957 to become a completely separate entity. It is recognized as the nation's first civil and human rights law organization, and shares our commitment to equal rights.
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Derrick Johnson@DerrickNAACP·
57yrs since "I Have a Dream" speech.
6 months since #BLM murals painted on streets across America.
1 wk since white supremacists stormed the Capitol, in attempt to overthrow our democracy.
WE are beyond the point of words and performative statements.
#WhatYouGonnaDo
NAACP@NAACP·
Happy Founders Day to the sisters of @ZPHIBHQ
Indeed...
"Words in the backdrop of a failed Coup fall short!"
@DerrickNAACP comments on the recent apology issued by Sen. Lankford (OK) who opposed the election results.
#WhatAreYouGonnaDo #CapitolCoup
Are You With Us?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Camille Giraut completed in 2017 a master in anthropology and sociology of development at the IHEID in Geneva. She wrote her master thesis on the performances and discourses of women active on the funk stage in Rio de Janeiro; and it's relation to afro feminism. She's interested in gender, inequalities, postcolonial studies, identities.


Commonwealth Games England is pleased to announce Kukri Sports as its official kit supplier.
Commonwealth Games England (CGE) has signed an agreement with Kukri Sports that will see the international sportswear company supply all England delegation and competition wear for next year's Commonwealth Games.The contract - signed at St George's Park, Burton - also sees Kukri producing an exclusive range of replica team products for England fans.
The deal was signed in front of English representatives from each of the Commonwealth Games' sports by Adam Paker, CGE Chief Executive, and Phil Morris, Kukri's founder and Group Managing Director.
The agreement between CGE and Kukri comes after months of consultation and research, including the involvement of a panel of athletes who fed into the design process.
In keeping with England's 'One Team' philosophy, the CGE wider team from the nation's athletes to the sports and support staff will all share the same look and feel.
"I know how important a high quality and bespoke kit is to the athletes and their ultimate performance, and I'm delighted Kukri have met our objectives and risen to the challenge.
The One Team philosophy and the ability to include athletes in the kit design process were deciding factors in England's search for its official kit supplier.
"Kit is central to our commitment to provide our athletes with the best possible Games experience, and as an English-based company they are very enthusiastic about the project, determined to produce the very best for both our team and our supporters.
Based in Preston, Lancashire, Kukri has offices across the Commonwealth in Lisburn (Northern Ireland), Auckland (New Zealand), Brisbane (Australia) and Vancouver (Canada). It also operates in Hong Kong (China) where they are a partner of the Premier Rugby Sevens tournament and the Hong Kong Sevens. Worldwide, the company has a team of more than 200 staff.
Kukri supply team wear for more than 76 sports and partner elite English teams including England Netball, London Wasps plus Somerset and Lancashire County Cricket Clubs. In 2008 and 2011 they provided England's kit for the Commonwealth Youth Games.
"Kukri is incredibly proud that Commonwealth Games England has chosen us, as an upcoming sportswear brand headquartered in Preston, England, to provide their kit.


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Q: Instantiate PHP class without `new` keyword? I am used to the new keyword, so I was surprised to find that the following works for instantiation as well.
class MyClass
{
    const CONSTANT = 'constant value';

    function showConstant() {
        echo  self::CONSTANT;
    }
}

// $classname = new MyClass;
$classname = "MyClass";

echo $classname::CONSTANT;

I can't seem to find any documentation pertaining to this online. Would someone help me out?

A: As of PHP 5.3.0, it's possible to reference the class using a variable [0]
You're not creating an instance of an object. So you're not instantiating a class. PHP constants can be access statically.
[0] http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.constants.php

A: This is not an instantiation, with the four dots (::) you can access an static variable, method or constant in this case.

A: In fact $classname is just another way to say MyClass. So $classname::CONSTANT is the same as MyClass::CONSTANT. But there is not instantiation going on, as doing $classname->showConstant() would not work!!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When I went back to measure up the signs I also had to figure out how I built them. After seven years my memories of the project had gotten very fuzzy. The photos I had of the signs in the trailer provided some information but the colours were redder than I remembered.
Once I got onsite I recalled things much more clearly. I had cut the signs from 1.5" thick 30 lb Precision Board. We had also applied a primer and three coats of paint plus the glazes. The gold leaf on the letters and symbols was in perfect shape. They had held up extremely well to years of construction, snow removal and the cutting of the grass by weedwackers, sun, rain, snow, and other abuse.
One particular detail I had forgotten was that I had bevelled the edges of the signs.
Although I no longer had the routing files I did have the vectors for the Japanese symbols. The lettering was an easy match.
Using the measurements I had gathered onsite I quickly created the vectors. The outside border would be smooth for routing. I'd add the texture later with the hand held die grinder, as I had done on the original signs.
I started by selecting out outside vector of the sign. I used the bevel tool to create the edge but also used the limit to height. This provided the beveled edge I was looking for.
Next I dropped the centre of the sign by modifying the original relief using the subtract tool.
I then applied a bitmap texture called splotches to the centre area.
Next up I created a separate flat relief of the lettering outline.
I then went to the front view to check the height of this new relief in relation to the inside area it would be placed. It seemed a little high to me so I nudged it down a little, until I was happy.
I then merged highest with the base layer of the sign.
I then modified this relief by adding the bevelled lettering and symbol.
The translation (PEACEFUL) was done next as a using the flat tool.
The sign was then ready to tool path and send to the MultiCam.
Once again I routed the sign from 1.5" thick 30 lb Precision Board.


These vintage stamped brass pendants are ever so glimmering, the perfect touch of everyday shine! We love their simplicity and have no doubt they will become one of your favorite go-tos. Attaching to 14 karat gold-fill wires, these beauties measure 1.25" in length from top of hook to bottom of pendant.


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Muslim Students Association—University of Pennsylvania (MSA UP)
Invited the neo-Nazi William Baker to keynote its 2003 Islam Awareness Week
Invited British journalist and Muslim convert Yvonne Ridley, who supports the elimination of Israel, to address U Penn students on the topic of Islam
Depicts America as a nation rife with anti-Muslim bigotry and prejudice
The Muslim Students Association of the University of Pennsylvania (MSA UP) was established in 1963 and, according to its own self-description, "has ever since been serving the needs of the Muslims at Penn, as well as the Penn and Philadelphia community in general." An affiliated chapter of the national Muslim Students Association of the U.S. and Canada, MSA UP boasts a $50,000 annual budget, of which $20,000 is derived from student fees.
In November 2001, MSA UP sponsored a talk — titled "Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad: Prophets with a Common Message" — delivered by Shaikh Ibrahim Memon, a Buffalo, New York-based imam affiliated with a secretive Islamic training facility (in Buffalo) probably owned by the Islamic Society of North America. According to a Buffalo Common Council member, the people at this facility were "armed and dangerous" and were "holding paramilitary exercises there."
In early October 2003, MSA UP's annual "Islam Awareness Week" was keynoted by William W. Baker, founder/director of Christians and Muslims for Peace and a former chairman of the Populist Party. The Populist Party was an initiative of Willis Carto, a neo-Nazi figure who founded the Institute for Historical Review (a group devoted to Holocaust denial) and published America's foremost anti-Semitic newspaper, The SPOTLIGHT (now reorganized as the American Free Press). (Click here for details of Baker's long anti-Semitic track-record.) When Daily Pennsylvanian reporter Margherita Ghiselli asked MSA UP president Muhammad Mekki to comment on Baker's neo-Nazi connections, Mekki replied that "the speaker's alleged anti-Semitic position" was "irrelevant to the discussion."
In September 2005, MSA UP provided a forum for the British journalist and Muslim convert Yvonne Ridley, who supports the elimination of Israel and has expressed her admiration for some notable Muslim terrorists, to address University of Pennsylvania students on the topic of Islam.
MSA UP has participated several times — along with more than 250 fellow Muslim organizations (mostly chapters of the MSA) — in the annual "Ramadan Fast-a-Thon," where students eat nothing from sunrise to sundown on one designated day each year. The purpose of this event — which was initiated shortly after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks — is twofold: to "raise money for the hungry and poor," and to help Americans "increase" their "understanding" of Muslims' good intentions. Such notables as Sheikh Muhammad Nur Abdullah, Sheikh Abdullah Idris Ali, Imam Zaid Shakir, and Sheikh Hamza Yusuf have endorsed the Fast-a-Thon.
In 2007, MSA UP scheduled its yearly "Islam Awareness Week" for October 21-27, so it would coincide directly with the Terrorism Awareness Project's Islamo-Fascism Awareness Week (IFAW) activities. MSA UP falsely depicted IFAW, whose purpose was to educate American college students about the nature of the fanatical religious movement aiming to create a global Muslim empire, as an exercise in anti-Muslim bigotry. As for MSA UP's Islam Awareness Week, it included such presentations as:
Islamic Comedy Night — "Allah Made Me Funny": According to MSA UP's promotional literature, comedian Azhar Usman sought "to engage the audience and address issues and stereotypes pertaining to Islam through a stand-up comedy skit."
Jihad, Terrorism and Reconciling Muslim Identity in the West: MSA UP explained that this forum would "discuss the issue of a collective Islamic identity, and the need for adaptation to the misconceptions about Jihad and Terrorism in Islam, with contrast to Western Society." The objective was to characterize jihad as chiefly a battle of an internal, spiritual nature, rather than as a permanent war of conquest whose ultimate aim is to achieve Islam's dominion over the entire world.
Don't Believe the Hype: How the Media and Hollywood Portray Muslims and their Faith: Characterizing America as a nation rife with anti-Muslim bigotry and prejudice, this event was designed to "address the way Western media has created an unwarranted sense of fear towards Muslims"; "address the heavy-hitting issue of Islamophobia as a form of racism towards Muslims"; "reflect upon the many negative images painted about Islam in today's media"; "reach a stronger understanding of Islamophobia and how Americans can respond to counteract this negative force"; and "uncover the truth behind the misconceptions people have about the religion itself."
In November 2007, MSA UP promoted an "Islamophobia Seminar" on the U Penn campus, featuring a speech by Parvez Ahmed, national director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations.
During Islam Awareness Week 2008, which was co-sponsored by MSA UP, Harvard chaplain Taha Abdul-Basser sought to "wash away misconceptions some share about Islam."
In March 2008, eleven members of MSA UP participated in an "interfaith" trip to New Orleans — funded by a $17,000 grant from the Fox Leadership program — with eleven members of the University Of Pennsylvania's Hillel organization. A rabbi, a Muslim chaplain, and a Religious Studies graduate student also went on the trip, and the controversial "community organization" ACORN played a role in the event as well. According to MSA UP's social-development chairman Naveed Rashid, "The trip was a collaboration between Hillel and the Muslim Students Association with the dual purpose of serving the community and strengthening the relationship between the two faiths." By contrast, the Militant Islam Monitor described the trip as an exercise in moral relativism, where participants examined "troubling passages from the Koran and the Old Testament" as well as the mass media's depictions of religion.
MSA UP strongly opposes the Patriot Act anti-terrorism legislation. At one MSA-sponsored rally on the University of Pennsylvania campus, the co-chair of Muslims for Justice lamented that "the Patriot Act is sending us in a backwards spiral, where the destination is chaos."
Sheikh Muhammed Nur Abdullah
Abdullah Idris Ali
Sheikh Hamza Yusuf
Zaid Shakir
American Muslim Council (AMC)
Muslim Students Association of the U.S. and Canada (MSA)
Muslim Students Association—Pennsylvania State University (MSA PSU)
Muslim Students Association—Temple University (MSA TU)
Muslim Students Association—Emory University (MSA EU)
Muslim Students Association—Towson University (MSA-TU)
Muslim Student Union—UC Irvine (MSU UCI)
Muslim Students Association—Princeton University (MSA PU)
Muslim Students Association—Michigan State University (MSA MSU)
Harvard Islamic Society (HIS)
Muslim Students Association—University of Southern California (MSA USC)
Muslim Students Association—Rutgers University (RU-MSA)
Muslim Students Association—University of California at Santa Cruz (MSA-UCSC)
Muslim Students Association—Florida State University (MSA-FSU)
Muslim Students Association—University of North Carolina (MSA-UNC)
Muslim Students Association—University of Wisconsin (MSA UW)
Muslim Students Association—George Washington University (GWMSA)
Muslim Students Association—Wright State University (MSA WSU)
Muslim Students Association—University of Michigan (MSA UM)
Muslim Students Association—Ohio State University (OSU-MSA)
Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)
Muslim Students Association—University of California at Los Angeles (MSA UCLA)
Johns Hopkins University Muslim Association (JHUMA)
Islamic Society of North America (ISNA)
Muslim Students Association—University of Wyoming (MSA-UW)
Muslim Students Association—Virginia Commonwealth University (MSA VCU)
Muslim Students Association—University of California at Santa Barbara (MSA UCSB)
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN)
Muslim Students Association—Columbia University (MSA CU)
Muslim Students Association—Brown University (BMSA)
Muslim Students Association—University of California at Davis (MSA-UCD)
Muslim Students Association—University of California at Berkeley (MSA UCB)
Muslim Students Association—Queensborough Community College (QCC-MSA)
Muslim Students Association—Vanderbilt University (VMSA)
Muslim Students Association—University of California at San Diego (UCSD-MSA)


2018 brings Royal Papworth Hospital's centenary year, as well as preparing for a historic move to a new hospital on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. To mark 100 years of this extraordinary institution, a film has been created that tells the fascinating story of how the hospital grew from a tuberculosis 'colony' to a leading heart and lung hospital, which now performs more heart and lung transplants than any other hospital in the UK. Blending archive footage with contemporary interviews with staff, patients and supporters, Papworth: A Moving Story offers a unique insight into this pioneering hospital as it mark its centenary and looks towards the future.
These special screening events will not be the first 'cinema night' to take place at Papworth Village Hall. Regular film nights were once held here for tuberculosis patients living in the village, and it is in the spirit of this tradition that we invite you to join us for two free screenings of Papworth: A Moving Story.
A number of tickets will also be available on the day for the screening on a first-come, first-served basis. The Papworth Brewery will also be there to provide refreshments.
Another screening will be held at Cambridge Picturehouse on Thursday 5 July – the day of the NHS' 70th birthday. Tickets will go on sale on the Cambridge Picturehouse website from Wednesday 16 May.


text:
Home / Health & Fitness /
The Biggest (and Most Scandalous) Food Recalls in History
Meg Dowell Twitter
Food recalls happen more often than you think. Hundreds occur every year, for reasons most commonly related to food poisoning. Sometimes, allergens make it into food, but aren't listed on labels. Other times, foreign objects find their way into foods during processing. Regardless of the reason, these recalls usually only happen after people start getting sick. This costs companies millions — and many consumers their lives.
There are over 100 food recalls on average every year
Your grocery store might be recalling products on a regular basis. | Kwangmoozaa/iStock/Getty Images Plus
According to the Food Safety and Inspection Service, there were 122 total food recalls in the U.S. in 2016, though many of them were small. There were slightly more recalls in 2015 — 150 overall. Undeclared allergens were the most common reason certain foods were recalled both years. Poultry (including egg) products were recalled the most. But bacteria and "undeclared substances" have caused multiple disasters over the years.
Here are the 10 biggest food recalls in history.
Next: This outbreak took months to resolve.
1. 2008-2009: Peanut Corporation of America
These peanuts needed to be recalled ASAP. | Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images
From September 2008 to March 2009, 714 people reported infections with salmonella typhimurium. Officials labeled this as a multi-state outbreak — illnesses were reported in 46 of 50 states. Officials believe King Nut creamy peanut butter, produced from a Peanut Corporation of America facility in Texas, was the source of the outbreak.
Next: Millions of pounds of hamburger were recalled after this incident.
2. 2002: ConAgra beef
A scary thing to have to worry about. | iStock.com
E. coli outbreaks are one of the most common causes of food recalls in the U.S. Millions of pounds of beef could have sickened residents around the country, though only 19 reported severe illness. Officials recalled approximately 19 million pounds of ground beef to prevent further illness. ConAgra originally issued a smaller recall unrelated to the outbreak, which officials later expanded.
Next: Poor conditions in a packaging plant led to a deadly outbreak near the turn of the century.
3. 1998: Sara Lee deli products and hot dogs
Factory conditions were not up to par. | iStock.com
Sara Lee recalled 15 million pounds of meat in 1998 after a roach-infested facility caused a deadly listeria outbreak. The company pled guilty to a misdemeanor charge in 2001, paying a $4.4 million settlement in addition to the facility renovations they made in December 1998. Those renovations, made following the listeria outbreak, eventually caused 15 deaths, costing Sara Lee $25 million.
Next: Eggs made over 3,000 people sick in 2010.
4. 2010: Wright County/Hillandale Farms egg recall
Eggs are commonly recalled due to salmonella concerns. | iStock.com
Shell eggs processed at two separate facilities in Iowa led to a massive multi-state salmonella outbreak in 2010. Over 3,000 people reported a related illness between May and November of that year. Both Wright County Eggs and Hillandale Farms recalled these products voluntarily, and expanded their initial recalls as the outbreak spread to more states around the country.
Next: This recall led to a top processed meat producer to shut down permanently.
5. 2007: Topps Meats frozen ground beef patties
Many people got sick from eating these patties. | Lisovskaya/iStock/Getty Images
A years worth of frozen processed beef patties were recalled in 2007 after an outbreak sickened approximately 30 people. Topps Meats, once the largest processed meat producer in the U.S., no longer operates. The E. coli outbreak affected the company so severely that it went out of business less than a week after the initial recall.
Next: Beef destined for Whoppers made it out of a facility before manufacturers knew it was contaminated.
6. 1997: Hudson beef
Don't worry … your beef is typically safe to consume. | iStock.com
At the time it happened, this recall was the largest in U.S. history. Ground beef, meant for Burger King Whoppers, left a Hudson Foods facility before its test results came back. Some of the beef contained staph bacteria, which can cause serious illness if left untreated. A year later, Burger King stopped purchasing their meat from Hudson.
Next: Thousands of pets suffered, and even died, before this recall.
7. 2007: Menu Foods pet food
Something for pet owners to take note of. | iStock.com
In 2007, officials recalled Menu Foods products contaminated with melamine. The recall affected around 150 different brands of cat and dog food. Unfortunately, the recall came far too late to save many infected pets. The FDA estimates this contamination may have led to the deaths of thousands of cats and dogs nationwide.
Next: The bacteria that caused this food recall was resistant to multiple drugs.
8. 2011: Cargill ground turkey
Illnesses were traced back to this ground turkey brand. | iStock.com
Drug resistant bacteria can make treating bacterial infections more difficult, which is why many massive recalls occur even when only several samples prove contamination. An antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella Heidelberg bacteria affected over 30 million pounds of Cargill ground turkey products in 2011. 134 people reported the illness from 34 of 50 states.
Next: This foodborne illness can be deadly.
9. 2002: Pilgrim's Pride frozen turkey and chicken
You always have to be careful when purchasing poultry. | Photosiber/iStock/Getty Images
Of the estimated 3,000 annual foodborne illness deaths in the U.S., listeria causes about 250 of them, infecting more than 1,500. Pilgrim's Pride recalled over 27 million pounds of cooked turkey and chicken products in 2002 after a listeria outbreak.
Next: This was the largest meat recall in U.S. history.
10. 2008: Westland/Hallmark beef
Meat products are susceptible to recalls due to animal infections. | iStock.com
The USDA recalled 143 million pounds of Westland/Hallmark beef in 2008 — the largest nationwide meat recall in history. The company did not provide care for or prevent the use of sick cattle meant for their beef products. These animals may have been infected with "mad cow disease," which the FDA warns can also sicken humans.
Next: This is the most common reason for food recalls each year.
The biggest reason food recalls happen
Recalls protect consumers from buying unsafe products. | Gyn9038/iStock/Getty Images
Though it's common to recall a food due to bacteria, pathogens aren't the only reason foods get pulled from shelves. A food can also contain undeclared or foreign objects, or undeclared or unlisted ingredients. Foreign objects can include anything from plastic to metal to glass. When a food product contains a potential allergen, like nuts, but doesn't list it on its label, it can pose a risk to those who will have a negative reaction to that food if they eat it. The FDA requests these recalls to keep consumers safe.
Next: What causes food poisoning?
How food causes disease
Bacteria can find its way into your meals. | David Silverman/Getty Images
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Next: These foodborne illnesses could kill you.
The deadliest foodborne illnesses you can get
Your favorite foods could be recalled at any time. | Antonio_Diaz/iStock/Getty Images
The CDC estimates 48 million Americans suffer from foodborne illnesses each year. About 3,000 of those cases end in death. A bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection can be fatal, though the majority of cases aren't. These are the deadliest foodborne illnesses out there:
Staph bacteria
The sooner you seek medical attention for severe dehydration and other common symptoms of these potentially fatal infections, the slimmer your chances are of dying.
Next: Have food poisoning? Here's how to handle it.
Here's what to do if you get food poisoning
Not sure about a product? Get yourself a refund. | Noel Hendrickson/iStock/Getty Images
You should first notify your local health department if you think something you've purchased and consumed from a nearby business has made you sick. Then, focus on taking care of yourself. If your symptoms are relatively mild, make sure to drink plenty of clear liquids and avoid foods high in sugar and fat. Stay away from dairy, caffeine, and alcohol until you've recovered.
If you are experiencing symptoms of dehydration, persistent vomiting and/or diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, or you have a fever over 101 degrees, you need to see a doctor for treatment.


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The Scripps College list of approved SAGE – Study Abroad and Global Education programs may change in response to students' interests and feedback, faculty, and administrative evaluations as well as changing world events. Study abroad is not without risks and students are advised to carefully choose their study site.
The Scripps Committee on Study Abroad (COSA) has approved the following programs in United States for our students.
An exchange program where students are fully integrated into the academic and social life of the college. Students also enjoy cross-registration privileges at Morehouse College. Most popular majors: psychology, biology, English.
Fields of study: Full curriculum.
Students live in host institution dormitories; meal-plans included.
Advising Tips: This program requires a faculty reference. Faculty referees may use the Scripps form or the student can provide a link to the online reference form.
The University offers hundreds of courses and program participants may register for a wide range of classes in many of the majors offered at the Claremont Colleges. Scripps students are required to take either a Hawaiian language or a Hawaiian culture class. Students register for a total of 15-16 credits to equal 3.75 to 4.0 courses at Scripps.
Students are housed in a double room in one of the residence halls on campus. Meals are purchased in campus cafeterias or prepared in shared kitchens in the residence hall. Scripps provides a meal allowance based on the recommendation of the ASH program.
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Budget Planning: Click here to compare the cost of living differences.
Students are required to complete a minimum of 15 semester units on the program which includes seminars related to the concentration theme (totaling 8 semester units), a credit-bearing internship (4 semester units) and either an independent research project, an on-campus elective, or one of the American University classes available in the evenings on the D.C. campus ( 3 -4 semester units). The travel elective courses are not approved and Scripps does not cover the travel fees associated with such electives.
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Size of the student body: The American University Washington Semester draws visiting students from around the world. Students will share classes with many international students, providing a wide range of perspectives in the classroom.
Number of program participants: Approximately 375 participants with each concentration ranging from 25-40 students.
Students have a roommate, typically sharing a dorm room or as one of four students sharing a two bedroom apartment, arranged by the program. Scripps provides a meal stipend allowance and recommends students choose the partial meal plan level they prefer in the university cafeteria. That would free up the remainder of the stipend for lunches at the internship location so that students don't have to return to campus midday.
Advising Tips: A faculty reference is only required of applicants with a GPA below 7.5. As soon as a student is accepted by American University they should start looking into the options in the American University internship database. Some internships require significant lead time due to the need to obtain security clearance. Because of the part-time arrangement for the internships (typically 2 days per week), interns may not be given a wide range of responsibility that is common with a full-time internship. Scripps students may choose to take one American University class from the options offered in the evenings in place of the research project course. This helps to provide integration with the wider American University student population.
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In addition to a full-time internship, students, pursue independent research and enroll in two government courses. Students receive a total of four Scripps credits. On-site orientation and educational fieldtrips included.
Students live in locally rented apartments shared with other CMC program participants and prepare their own meals.
Advising Tips: This program requires a faculty reference. Faculty referees may use the CMC online faculty reference request system. Students should know that the internship is full-time, with a minimum of 40 hours per week. This often means that interns are given projects with a higher level of responsibility than may be possible in a part-time internship placement. The remaining classes are offered in the evenings and there may be occasional weekend obligations. Participants have several required meetings in the semester prior to studying in Washington to prepare for the internship application process.


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Home Projects Mass Communication The Challenges of the Mass Media in Promoting Good Governance in Nigeria
The Challenges of the Mass Media in Promoting Good Governance in Nigeria
Chrisantus Oden
Concept of Good Governance
Mass Media and Public Enlightenment
The Challenges of Mass Media
Good governance is an essential framework which serves as a means of achieving wider goals such as social and political development, alleviation of poverty and protection of the environment. It is about security of life and property, peace and prosperity. Without good governance, social, economic and political progress is difficult to attain and impossible to guarantee. In fact, it is the bedrock of any modern democracy. Promoting good governance is not an easy task as it is much more involving than organizing elections and appointing people into public offices. A free and critical media is essential to the growth and development of any democracy. As a watchdog of the society, the media owe it as a duty to monitor governance closely and hold public office holders accountable to the people who elected them as required by the constitution. Given the appropriate situation, the media are key factors in the overall strategy to promote good governance, rule of law, ensure probity and accountability, wipe out illiteracy and eradicate poverty. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines these and other challenges facing the media and how to meet them.
A former Anglican Church dean of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, William Ralph Inge, once wrote: "A good government remains the greatest of human blessings, and no nation has ever enjoyed It". Inge's many years long statement still holds true till date as most nations of the world continue to experience bad governance due to lack of leadership. Recognizing this problem, American essayist Brooks Atkinson concluded in 1951, "we need supermen to rule us the job is so vast and the need for wise judgment is so urgent. But, alas," he said, "there are no supermen" (Awake! December 22, 1990).
The search for good government has led humans to repeatedly devise new forms of government to meet the needs of the times. Brogan of the University of Essex alluded to this fact when he said" "If man, the political animal, is to save himself and his civilizations, he cannot yet rest from seeking new forms of government to meet the ever-new needs of his times" (Op. cit.).
In Nigeria, the absence of good leadership over the years has plunged the country into a pitiable situation, culminating in the institutionalization of corruption and notorious governmental inefficiency in the polity. The last four decades have borne witness to a steady decline in values, quality of governance, commitment and the integrity of our environment. As the renowned professor Akinkugbe, put it, "our society has become negatively permissive and much passes for norm today that would have caused a raising of eyebrows in yonder years" (Daily Independent, November 5, 2004:B10).
Our eight years of democratic experience have engendered a renew call for a true re-generation of the nation. This true re-generation, many believed, could be attained if our leaders are prepared to purge themselves of negative tendencies and imbibe ethics in their daily activities. According to Oputa, retired Justice of the Supreme Court, "We have failed in our quest for nation-building because of lack of leadership. A committed leader is what we want. With good leadership, things will change" (Oputa, 2004:9).
Today "more than ever be toreTTlieTe' is a consensus of opinion among Nigerians that the country needs good leaders at all levels of government to drive the democratic change and enthrone good governance. As agents of social mobilization and national development, the mass media can help to stimulate the effective and efficient management of society through the provision of topical ideas and information.
This paper is based on the social responsibility and agenda setting theories of the mass media. The Social Responsibility Theory as enunciated by Siebert et al (1956:76), explains the main pre-occupation of the press (mass media) as servicing the political system by providing information, discussion and debate in public affairs. Enlightening the public so as to make it capable of self-government and safeguarding the rights of the individual by serving as a watchdog against government….
The Agenda Setting Theory, according to Severin and Tankard Jr. (2001:219), refers to the media's capability through repeated news coverage of raising the importance of an issue in the public's mind. Most of the time the agenda setting function is carried out through the process of gatekeeping. McQuail (2005:512) describes gatekeeping as a phenomenon which had long been noticed and studied in the context of election campaigns and the main issues of the day, are reflected in what the public perceives as the main issues. As gatekeepers, reporters, editors and journalists are interested in the dynamics of giving expressions to issues by display, prominence, constancy, editorials, news commentaries, analysis, cartoons and events, the tucking in of stones inside pages or outright spiking of stories and even photographs (Ekeli, 2007).
Good governance is a controversial concept, especially to the ruling class in developing countries, which is often reluctant to be held accountable. Yet, it is at the heart of the process of sustainable development. In fact, major donors and international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank now insist on reforms ensuring good governance as a condition for granting aid and loans.
The terms "governance" and "good governance" have of late been featuring regularly in development literature. Governance refers to the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented. Public institutions are under obligation to conduct public affairs, manage public resources, and guarantee the realization of human rights. Good governance provides the framework for this to be accomplished in a manner free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law.
Best (2007), defines good governance as, the running of the affairs of government in positive and progressive manners beneficial to the governed, and which delivers the public goods'. Good governance, according to Wikipedia (2007), is characterized by participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and accountability.
It is also characterized by democratization, maintenance of law and order, accountability and transparency, competence, due process, separation and devolution of power, a free press and a virile civil society arena, competition for power and the existence of a credible opposition. All these characteristics assure that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities are taken into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are heard in decision-making. Good governance helps to diffuse tensions and remove problems as they evolve. Decision makers take the right decisions as and when due.
However, in today's Nigeria, political office holders have a wrong and misplaced concept of governance. It is obvious that what drives most people to seek elective post is the "spoils" of the office. Elective office holders are interested more in how much money or state wealth they can amass for themselves at the expense of the people. The real concept of governance which is service and improvement of the standard of living of the governed is completely alien to them. The pillar of good governance is probity, transparency and accountability. Sadly, these three are largely absent in the nation's life. This explains why an average Nigerian is so skeptical of public functionaries. The situation is so pathetic at the third tier of government. It is common knowledge that governance at the local government level in many states of the federation has been non-existent. There are reports of council chairmen and councilors who only show up at the office at the end of the month when revenue allocations are being shared. As soon as everybody takes his share, they disappear for the rest of the month. The thinking among these elected public officers is that nobody would ask questions.
To check this ugly trend, Ibrahim Tahir, ex-internal affairs minister in the defunct Second Republic posits: "we must get our concept of governance right. We must allow our democracy to endure and develop its systems. We must establish safeguards against the factor that make it possible for corruption such as we have it today to flourish. We must also fashion out a proper system of sanction against culprits. 2007:16).
All these are necessary if not, we would be chasing shadows" (Tahi)
The media are the instruments of information dissemination in any modern society. Without the mass media, the input-output functions of any system would have been difficult if not impossible to achieve. It facilitates the implementation of policies, decisions and programmes of the government to the people.
Akinfeleye et al (1995), as -eked by Nwekeaku (2007), describe the mass media as tools for the creation of linkages between the society and the type of socio-political ideology whether democracy, autocracy or meritocracy.
Corroborating these facts, Buckalew and Wulfemayer (2005), listed the role of the mass media, among others, to include:
** To-inform
** To educate
** To help bring about social change, and
** To help establish public policies
There is a relation between the creation of public awareness and the mass media. On the one hand, through coverage and presentation of news, information, facts, figures, editorials, and other analytical pieces about an issue, the media have considerable influence over the creation of public awareness of that issue. One the other hand, the media serve as channels for the expression of public opinion which is a manifestation of public awareness. Public awareness and its overt manifestation (public opinion) require information for their creation and proper functioning. Information dissemination is a necessary precondition for the existence of public awareness. Without knowledge of an issue, there cannot be awareness about that issue.
Given the appropriate mix of factors, newspapers, magazines, posters, radio, television, film and other communication paraphernalia offer the channels for disseminating development-oriented information, including information relating to good governance. Although communication channels (mass and traditional media alike) per se are not the panaceas for the problems posed by bad governance, the efforts to generate a shift in attitude towards such problems are information-related or information-dependent in one way or another. Therefore, the provision of information and education through the media of communication is essential to efforts to create awareness of issues relating to good governance and its relation to political and socio-economic development.
Social scientists and communication scholars have observed that the communication media can be used to effectively inform broad masses of people about a problem of public interest; they can inspire ideas and public awareness. Such scholars as Mansurov (1988), have identified several factors which determine the creation through the media of public awareness and the stimulation of public interest in certain issues. These include: f i) how the issue is presented in the media, especially the use of clear and accurate information and facts; (ii) periodic repetition and frequent reference; (iii) the amount of time and space devoted to the issue in the media; and (iv) presentation of adequate analytical pieces on the issue and information and its effect on the society.
On both a long and short term basis, the mass media can make substantial contributions to the process
of creating public awareness, whether the aim of such efforts is to:
*> Bring about an increase in the information or knowledge level of the public or target group about a
specific issue;
'I* Generate a change in their opinions or attitudes; or
<* Motivate them to action; that is to change their behaviour and habits.
Regardless of the purpose, the creation of public awareness and the generation of public action involve and require a purposive-use of the mass media.
One of the major challenges facing the media in the efforts to promote good governance in the country is corruption which has eaten very deep into the psyche of Nigerians, especially those in positions of public responsibility. It is the bane of Nigeria's socio-economic development.
The country's biggest minus is its corruption reputation. Nigeria as rated in Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), was the world's most corrupt country in 2000, second most corrupt country in 2001, 2002 and 2003, third most corrupt country in 2004, and sixth most corrupt country in 2005. Corruption is the greatest albatross and the most virulent cog militating against good governance and national development in Nigeria. It has remained an all-pervading evil, afflicting all tiers of government (Sanni, 2007:39).
Osoba (2000:372), defines corruption as, a form of anti-social behaviour by an individual and social group which confers unjust or fraudulent benefits on its perpetrators, is inconsistent with the established legal norm and prevailing moral ethos of the land and is likely to subvert or diminish the capacity of the legitimate authorities to provide fully for the material and spiritual wellbeing of all members of society in a just and equitable manner. To Oghale (2005:14), corruption is a generic term used to designate all activities through which unfair advantages are gained.
In view of the many adverse effects corruption has on our economy, it is the responsibility of the media to constantly expose corrupt practices and collaborate with the anti-graft agencies to fight corruption so as to achieve a zero tolerance level in our society. For the media to fight corruption, journalists must first of all clean up their house and shun corruption by not taking gifts from people they report on so that their reports would not be distorted. It is time for journalists to rise up and fight for their right to adequate pay and fair treatment by their employers in order for them to be effectively positioned to publish news without bias.
The media are also under obligation to re-orientate Nigerians to change their attitude towards material wealth and put into practice those indigenous cultural values that promote honesty, integrity and respect for good name. One of the causes of corruption is the dominant material social character and orientation of our society. In any given society, the dominant value orientation plays a crucial role in the attitudes, behaviours and values of its individual members. At the moment, the Nigerian society is dominated by the desire to get rich as quickly as possible.
Commenting on the shift in our value orientation, Anele (2007:18), observed time-honoured values such as honesty, integrity, and respect for good name no longer have the kind of strong influence on people's behaviour as before. Parents want their children to be materially successful in a hurry, and society honours big men and thick madams, irrespective of the morality or immorality of the sources of their wealth. The change in societal values has a number of consequences. According to Anele, it encourages greed, avarice and rapaciousness in individuals. It promotes disrespect for truly hardworking people who earn an honest living without being rich, which in turn, degrades the dignity of labour, Senate President, David Mark, alluded to this fact while blaming Nigerians for the corrupt tendencies of some public office holders. Speaking when he inaugurated the Senate Committee on Ethics, Privileges, Code of Conduct and Public Petitions on Tuesday, September 11, 2007, Senator Mark accused Nigerians of coercing public officials into corrupt practices by their incessant demands. "Immediately a man is appointed or elected into office, a lot of pressure is brought on him by the people who do not only want him to bring development to their area, but want him to put money in their pockets", he noted, stressing that there was need for a change of attitude (The Pointer, September 13,2007:24).
Former military vice president, Admiral Augustus Aikhomu agrees with Senator David Mark when he said the citizens themselves have a role to play. They should not expect too much from public office holders. It is the desire to meet up to the expectation of the families and the society that makes some office holders to tamper with state resources. We should stop glorifying wealth. We can set standards for those who govern us by measuring them not by how much they have amassed but how well they have run our lives (Aikhomu, 2007:16).
To consolidate on the practice of democratic governance, the media should also sensitize Nigerians to rise to the challenge of leading the rest of Africa in strengthening the position and role of the civil society. The civil society constitutes an important instrument through which democracy could be deepened to enable it endure. With a responsive, virile and dynamic civil society, the practice of democracy becomes easier to monitor and evaluate. The people themselves, to whom power belongs, continuously subject its practice to scrutiny to enable them check excesses and abuse. Elected leaders become more alive to their responsibilities in such a circumstance. Institutions also become stronger and better able to defend the philosophy and principles upon which the system of government is anchored. In the final analysis, the voters matter more and the votes could even become more important.
Another major challenge for the media is for it to partner with government to reduce illiteracy and poverty. Poverty slows down growth and retards progress. It is personified in those we see in our cities and villages who show evidence 'of hunger, disease-malnutrition but who appear lost in our statistics yet, must be part of our touted 140 million population. Regarding the threats of illiteracy and poverty to society, former Director General of UNESCO, Mr. M'Bow in a 14th International Literacy Day speech published in Montreal Gazette (1979), observed that, illiteracy is closely tied to poverty. Throughout the world, the illiterates are the poor, or make up poor societies but illiteracy is not only an effect of misery, it is also one of the causes.
Lending credence to M'Bow's submission, Nigeria's former Power and Steel Minister, now Governor of Cross River State, Senator Liyel Imoke said illiteracy and poverty are two major factors inhibiting growth and development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Imoke, who spoke while addressing participants at the opening ceremony of the 2005 Global Education for All (EFA) emphasized that of the 1.3 billion people in the world who live below one US dollar per day, over 70 million are Nigerians. According to him, as the figure rises, it is saddening to note that barely a year to the end of the decade of poverty eradication, there is very little to show for all the efforts made by nation states particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (Vanguard, April 29, 2005:6).
From the foregoing, it is crystal clear that the media can play a vital role in the efforts to promote good governance in the country. For the media to perform this role creditably, it must be allowed access to public records and documents. The National Assembly therefore owes it a duty to ensure that the Freedom of Information Bill is passed into law in order to provide the foundation for an open system of governance that will benefit all sectors of the society, including government. The Freedom of Information Act would among other things create an enabling environment for obtaining information and monitoring the activities of various departments of Government, ensure that government institutions, work better and more efficiently, promote transparency and accountability in governance as government policies and activities will become more open and available to the public, and improve the quality of decisions and policies of government as it will be possible for citizens and stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process.
Aikhomu, A. (2007). How to stop graft in government. Vanguard, September 30, P. 16.
Anele, D. (2007). A phenomenology of corruption. Vanguard, September 16, P. 18.
Assay, B.E. (2007). The Media and sustainable democracy: Challenges of the 21*' century. A paper presented at the 6th Annual National Conference of National Association of Research Development Held at Alvan Ikoku College of Education Owerri Between 10th and 14th September.
Awake! December 22, 1990 Pp. 20-22.
Best, S.G. (2007). The methods ofcConflict resolution and transformation in Best S.G. (ed.) Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West African. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
Ekeli, E.G. (2007). Political communication and the sustenance of democracy in Nigeria. A paper presented at the Ebenezer Soola Conference on Communication Held at the University of Ibadan,
Ibadan Between 18 and 19 in October.
Mansurov, V.A. (1988). Mass media and public opinion: Problems of interaction, mass media and public opinion. Tampere University, Department of Journalism and Mass communication Publication Series B. (24).
McQuail, D. (2005) Mass Communication Theory (5Ih Edition), London: Sage Publication.
Nwakeaku, C. (2007) Democracy: The media and the rule of law. A paper presented at a workshop on Media and Good Governance Organized by the Nigerian Commission for UNESCO in Abuja, July 18-19.
Oghale, A.E. (2005). The role of deregulation in curbing corruption in Nigeria in deregulation and globalization in Nigeria: Issues and perspectives, Akpotor A.S. et al (Eds.), Ekpoma, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ambrose Ali University P. 14.
Oputa, C. (2004). We need good leaders. Daily Independent, November 5, P. 9.
Osoba, S.O. (2000). Corruption in Nigeria: Historical perspectives in Rwekaza, M. (ed.), African Public
Administration: A Reader, Harare: AAPS.
Sanni, S. (2007). Youths and war against corruption. Vanguard, September 25, P. 39.
Severin, I. and Tankard, J.W. Jr. (2001). Communication theories, origins, methods and uses in the mass media. Wesley: Longman Inc.
Siebert, Peterson and Schramm (1956). Four theories of the press. London: Illinois Press.
Tahir, I. (2007) Bad concept of governance responsible for Graft, Vanguard, September 30, P. 16.
The Pointer, September 13, 2007.
Vanguard, April 29, 2005.
Wikipedia (2007). Good Governance, Retrieved from . org/wiki/'good_governance.
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Santa Clara women win thriller in conference tourney
UC Davis men blank Hawaii to reach Big West semis
Rankings, TV schedule, calendar
Florida women replace Cal at No. 1 in national ran...
Batta, Taggart earn NorCal Junior Excellence titles
Cal's Manasse wins Pac-12 women's singles title
Cal men fall in Pac-12 final; Manasse seeks women'...
Cal men defeat USC, advance to first Pac-12 final
Stanford's Doyle upsets No. 2 seed, gains Pac-12 QFs
Stanford women beat USC for Pac-12 title
Rankings movers of the week: Bryan brothers (down)
Cal women remain No. 1 despite loss to Stanford
Stanford women to face USC for Pac-12 title
Stanford women hand No. 1 Cal first loss of season
Stanford dominates Pac-12 All-Century Team
Altamirano helps Virginia men regain No. 1 ranking
Gibbs receives WTA honor; Bryans end title drought
NorCal's Riffice, Gordon fall in Easter Bowl quarters
Riffice beats ex-Roseville neighbor in Easter Bowl
Qualifier Choy takes out sixth seed in Easter Bowl
NorCal's Keyser upsets seed in Easter Bowl boys 18s
NorCal's Riffice falls in USTA Spring boys 18 final
Muljat wins all-NorCal girls 16 final in USTA tourney
NorCal girls reach 16 singles final in USTA tourney
Californians, 16, to meet in Spring quarterfinals


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June 15, 2018 - 8:09 am EDT 1 year ago
Tiger Woods Four-Putts En Route To 78
Day One at the 2018 U.S. Open was a practice in survival. The famous saying that tournaments can't be won on Thursday, but they can be lost rang true for a number of big-name players, one of which may turn out to be Tiger Woods.
With a good idea of what was needed around Shinneock Hills on a blustery Thursday afternoon, Woods made a mess of the first hole by hitting his approach over the green and struggling to get the ball on the putting surface, eventually tapping in for a triple-bogey 7. Another bogey on the second hole had Woods at 4-over par through two with 16 of the toughest holes on the planet remaining.
To Woods' credit, he hung tough getting one shot back on the front nine before turning home and watching it all unravel again. A bogey on the par-3 11th moved him back to 4-over par, but his day was truly undone by the back-to-back double bogeys on 13 and 14, which included a four-putt from 40 feet on the par-4 13th.
He would miss two putts from inside six feet.
Tiger Woods. Four putt. Sounds odd. pic.twitter.com/QKweFySXTB
— Ben Murphy (@BenMurphyTV) June 14, 2018
Woods was far from the worst on Thursday at Shinnecock. English pro Scott Gregory posted a 22-over par 92, while Rory McIlroy shot a 10-over par 80, Jordan Spieth matched Woods with an 8-over par 78 and Phil Mickelson shot a first-round 77.
Scott Stallings had his own issues with his putter. The three-time PGA Tour winner hit the par-4 14th green in three shots before putting the ball off the back of the green and struggling to a quintuple-bogey 9. He would go on to shoot 80 as well.
Needed this hat today @usopengolf pic.twitter.com/oh8OOgFjfs
— Scott Stallings (@stallingsgolf) June 14, 2018
The story for Woods was the same as it was last week at Memorial when he had his best ball-striking week of year only to be let down by the flatstick.
"It's tough out there," Woods said after the round. "But, I mean I shouldn't make two doubles and a triple, four-putt. For most of the day, I just didn't putt well.
"(The four-putt on No. 13) was not very good. I was worried about running the putt by because it's downhill on the other side, left it short, blocked the next one, and then blocked it again. Not very good."
Although he enters the second day of the event at 8-over par, he's only nine shots back of the leaders with hopes of closing that gap with a good round on Friday.
"Shoot something in the 60s tomorrow, and I'll be just fine," Woods said of his mindset going into the weekend. "I just think today was the toughest day we'll have all week. But then again, I think they're going to let these greens firm out a little bit. They'll start to pick up a little bit of speed, and it will be a good U.S. Open again."


Drains Ltd T/A Direct Drain Services is a "data controller". This means that we are responsible for determining the purpose and means of processing personal data relating to you.
We consider that the basis for which we will process the data contained in the list above (see section above – details of information we will hold about you) is to enable us to consider whether we may wish to prepare for entering into a contract or agreement with you and to enable us to comply with our legal obligations. Occasionally, we may process personal information about you to pursue legitimate interests of our own or those of third parties, provided there is no good reason to protect your interests and your fundamental rights do not override those interests.
We do not anticipate that we will process information about criminal convictions.
HR department, those in the department where the vacancy is who are responsible for screening your application and interviewing you, the IT department.
We anticipate that we will retain your data as part of the recruitment process for no longer than is necessary for the purpose for which it was collected. We will keep your data for one month following the end of the recruitment process.
If your application is not successful and we have not sought consent or you have not provided consent upon our request to keep your data for the purpose of future suitable job vacancies, we will keep your data for one month once the recruitment exercise ends.
Should you have any questions regarding this statement, please contact Siouxsie Everitt at siouxsie.everitt@directdrainservices.co.uk, tel: 01992 765 444.


335,00 € tax incl. 279,17 € tax excl.
310,00 € tax incl. 258,33 € tax excl.
The 1981 is certainly an outstanding Yquem, but it will not be considered one of this property's greatest efforts. Light golden, with a moderately intense bouquet of spicy, vanillin oak, fresh melons, and tropical fruit, this full-bodied Yquem has average acidity and a plump, viscous, somewhat precocious feel on the palate. Remarkably long and clean in the finish, it will develop relatively rapidly.


GRANVILLE, Ohio—Denison won its third straight match and improved to 9-2-2 after a 1-0 victory over Thomas More on Wednesday night at Barclay-Thomsen Field. The win closes out the regular season home schedule at 7-1-1.
Denison controlled possession and pace throughout the match but the breakthrough didn't occur until the 76th minute when Kelly O'Neill's shot from 15 yards hit the left post and bounced back into play where Claire Kolff was there to deposit her fifth goal of the season and her third game-winning goal in 2018. The assist was O'Neill's first of the season and the first of her career.
The Saints managed only three shots on the night but two were on-goal. Their best chance came in the 56th minute when Kristina Felix took a shot from the top of the 18 that was saved by Denison's Patil Tcholakian.
In the 64th minute, Denison nearly put a goal on the board when Meg Rogan's shot from 10-yards was saved with one hand by TMC keeper Maddy Kim.
Denison kept the pressure up and came very close to scoring just minutes after Rogan's shot. The first came on a shot by Ariel Loevy from inside the penalty area that was saved by Kim. Another shot by Rogan was snuffed out by Kim then Liz Gilbert found some space just side the box and let a shot fly on an open net that had to be cleared out in front of the goal by Abby Hutcheson.
That proved to be the final flurry until Kolff's game-winner seven minutes later. Gilbert came within an eyelash of giving DU a 2-0 lead when her shot in the 80th minute hit the crossbar.
Denison held a 15-3 advantage in shots and an 8-1 lead in corner kicks. Tcholakian finished with two saves while Kim posted six saves for Thomas More. Gilbert led all players with four shots while Rogan and O'Neill followed with three apiece.
The win sets up a showdown at Wooster on Saturday (Oct. 20) at 12 p.m. The Fighting Scots are in first place in the North Coast Athletic Conference with 15 points (5-1-0). Denison has 11 points and is 3-0-2. The Big Red has three conference matches left against Wooster, Hiram and Ohio Wesleyan.


For our brief, we have been asked to find a way to attract Young adults between the age of 20-30 year old, living in London to the 'Mathematics: The Winton gallery' in the Science Museu. Do this via an interactive piece of work that relates to the exhibition. So as part of the research for this w went to see the exhibition to see what was included and what we could build off in the process of creating a piece of work to attract the young adults.
"Mathematics: The Winton Gallery tells powerful stories about the work of mathematicians in the broadest sense, from salespeople to sailors, aircraft engineers to bankers, and gamblers to garden designers.
IBM Automated teller machines (Cash machines have the responsibility to retrieve and collect details of users without them being captured by criminals.


text:
SIDS steht für:
 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, siehe Plötzlicher Kindstod
 Small Island Developing States, siehe Kleine Inselentwicklungsländer
 Screening Information Datasets, Sammlung von Stoffdaten und Gefahreneinstufungen

Siehe auch:

SIDS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Please join us for #UHVgivingtuesday! We can't do it without YOUR participation! Support UHV by making a gift of any size to the UHV fund of YOUR choice and become a #UHVgivingtuesday donor.
We give thanks on Thanksgiving. We get great deals on Black Friday and Cyber Monday. On #GivingTuesday, we give back. This global day of giving kicks off the charitable season and challenges communities across the world to celebrate generosity by giving. At UHV, we challenge you to support Victoria's university with a gift of any size. Every donation strengthens the possibilities of our future and our students.
Our staff is happy to assist and may be reached at (361) 570-4812.
Visit us! Visit with us and drop off your donation in the Office of University Advancement located on the UHV campus at 3007 N. Ben Wilson, Victoria, TX 77901. Our office is in the University Center building, Suite 300.
Stop by an on-campus #UHVgivingtuesday booth! We will have several #UHVgivingtuesday booths located across the UHV campus. Stop by to make your donation!
By choosing to support UHV on #UHVgivingtuesday, you can make a big impact.
Questions? Contact Kira Mudd, director of alumni relations and annual giving at (361) 570-4869.


Are home buyers too picky?
We just don't have enough inventory.
Buyers are on the fence; they look at homes, but they're not making offers.
Corelogic reported in early May that there are currently about 2 million existing homes for sale nationally. This is very similar to the inventory levels we saw between 2000 and 2003.
But there's an important difference. From 2000 to 2003, we saw an average of 5.7 million existing home sales per year. But in 2013, there were only 5.1 million existing home sales, and so far this year, we are on target to see only 4.7 million homes sold – a 7.5% drop in sales from last year. And the decline in new home sales this year so far is even greater – 13.3%.
If we have the same level of inventory now as we did 10 years ago, why are there about 1 million fewer homes being sold?
A lot of this "obsolete" inventory consists of foreclosed/REO properties, many of them located in areas that are no longer considered desirable. And location, as any Realtor will tell you, is everything.
At least some of those properties could sell (to first-time buyers, for example) if they are not located in blighted neighborhoods, and if those buyers are working with lenders who have the expertise to arrange 203K or conventional rehab financing.
The Corelogic article refers to a large number of consumers who are looking for a home, are qualified to buy a home, and are waiting because they can't find the "right home". Corelogic refers to these potential buyers as the new "shadow demand".
These potential buyers are in the shadows only in the sense that they haven't bought a home yet. They have, however, taken one or more of the following steps in that direction: they've looked at properties online, they've visited open houses, they've talked to Realtors and been shown properties on the market, and they've talked to lenders and/or have gotten prequalified or preapproved for financing. These are the buyers that Realtors believe are "too picky", "on the fence", or "unrealistic".
But I don't know, they seem pretty realistic to me.
Look at it from their point of view. Within recent memory (6 years), the entire housing market collapsed, decimating home values, sending reverberations throughout financial markets worldwide, and causing massive layoffs. Although the official unemployment rate is now "only" 6.3%, that's only because we're not counting people who are underemployed, or who have given up all hope of finding a job. Every one of these prospective home buyers personally knows people who lost their homes in the crash, lost significant equity in their homes, lost their jobs, or all three.
Would they like to own a home? Yes, absolutely.
But that doesn't mean they're willing to gamble their financial future and their current quality of life just to be able to say they own a home. These homebuyers who are seen by Realtors (and by many loan originators) as being "too picky" are, in many cases, looking at the available inventory in their area, are comparing it to their current living situation, are doing the math, and deciding that, for now at least, the price isn't worth the risk.
It is certainly possible, and even likely, that these consumers are seeing an incomplete picture. It's possible they're being influenced too heavily by their fears – fears of another housing crash that would destroy any equity they may have built in their home, fears of losing their jobs, and fears of another economic downturn – or just a continuation of the economic stagnation we've seen for the last 7 years.
It's also possible that there are homes for sale in their area that would, in fact, represent an improvement in both their quality of life and their family's financial strength, but they lack the imagination or the information to be able to see it.
But who is going to help them see it? If they're working with a Realtor, they may like their Realtor, but they are also fully aware that the Realtor wants to sell them a home. They may be working with a lender, but in the vast majority of cases, their lender has focused exclusively on their ability to qualify for a particular loan product.
What they don't realize (because their loan officer hasn't taken the time and trouble to explain it to them) is that the lender has the same interests, and is on the same side of the negotiating table as they are. No responsible lender wants to loan them money to buy a house they cannot afford. No lender wants to loan them money to buy a house that the market (as determined by an appraisal) says is not worth what they are being asked to pay for it.
Loan officers who have the vision and the courage to position themselves and serve as "Home Buyer Coaches" are in a unique position to help their home buyer clients arrive at a strategy for finding and buying the right home at the right price. Such loan officers are also in a position simultaneously to be of service to their Realtor Partners in helping them move non-obsolete inventory.
And it is only when we begin to see more of this inventory moving that the market will create the conditions necessary to motivate "shadow sellers" – whether they be homeowners who are hesitant to sell now, or builders who are cautious about building now – to put more inventory on the market.
The first step forward is for loan originators to learn how to talk to prospective homebuyers in a way that helps them feel safe and comfortable in confiding their fears and concerns about buying in today's market. That will lead to opportunities for originator/homebuyer coaches to provide objective information and coaching that will help these consumers make the right decisions to fit their goals and situations – decisions that clients will be able to look back on with satisfaction and pride in the years to come -- whether they decide to buy, or to wait.


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Elburn: Radium removal metod would save $9.7M
wrtadmin | Posted on September 23, 2003 |
ELBURN, IL – Water rates would increase by 64 percent if the village agrees to hire Colorado-based Water Remediation Technology to remove radium from Elburn's water.
Residents pay $2 per 100 cubic feet of water. Costs to implement WRT's zeolite filtering method would tack on another $1.11 per 100 cubic feet, officials said.
But, the method would save residents $9.7 million over 20 years, which is how much more it would cost to implement ion exchange. Previously, the village agreed on the method to remove its radium. "The savings here are significant," Village President James Willey said.
Willey made the remarks Monday at a Committee of the Whole meeting where village officials discussed how to remove radium from Elburn water. Village engineer Bill Grain urged trustees to negotiate a contract with WRT. "See what you can work out," Grain said.
Radium is a naturally occurring radioactive material found in most deep wells around northern Illinois.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency requires all municipalities to comply with new water quality standards, which include lower radium levels.
Earlier this year, the village reached an agreement with the EPA on a timeline for the village's water to be in compliance with the new regulations. Elburn agreed to use a method called ion exchange, which would cost roughly $4.5 million plus another $500,000 chemical costs to implement. "The maintenance costs scare me," Trustee Jeff Metcalf said of ion exchange. "I see this as a pit that we will continue to pour money into." Ion exchange uses the chemicals to send the radium to the village's wastewater treatment plant.
In April, WRT officials contacted the village and said they could remove radium for less money and with simpler technology. And, the company promised that Elburn's water would taste the same. WRT's method involves sending water through pipes and filters made of the mineral zeolite. Radium is trapped by the filters because it clings to the zeolite. The technology reduces radium to less than 5 picocuries per liter, which is the EPA limit.
The village had faced a Dec. 8 deadline to bring its water into compliance. In August, the EPA announced that it was relaxing its demand. That was because of the state's 1,800 communities, 123 have water with too much radium. Only 19 of those communities have told the EPA that they will meet the December deadline. At least 11 communities said they will not meet the deadline because they do not have enough resources or time to build a treatment plant.
The state wants communities to commit to a radium removal plan. Communities also must declare how long it will take before progress is made. In exchange, communities with too much radium will not face fines.
Filed under: WRT In the News


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Environment Food Law News
No more Drakes Bay means pricier oysters
If the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rejects Drakes Bay's final appeal to stay open, oyster prices might skyrocket.
Elena Kadvany February 18, 2013
A last gasp effort in Drakes Bay Oyster Company's epic legal battle to stay open will take place this Thursday, when the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals takes up owner Kevin Lunny's final appeal.
A failed appeal means Drakes Bay's shucking days will be over within a month, by March 15. The loss of the Point Reyes farm that accounts for 40 percent of the state's oysters, plus a demand for the aphrodisiac-inducing seafood that shows no signs of slowing down, equals big problems for California's oyster and restaurant industries.
In November, U.S. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar ruled against extending Drakes Bay's 40-year lease stating the land should be returned back to wilderness status as environmentalists and park officials claimed the oyster farm's boats and equipment are threatening nearby animals and polluting the waters.
Fellow oyster farmer, Co-owner and president of Hog Island Oyster Co., John Finger told the San Francisco Chronicle:
"I've never met demand in 30 years of business, and this is going to exacerbate the problem…It's just unfortunate that we're losing a really great producer of sustainable seafood in an era when we import 80 percent of our seafood."
Importing will only increase if Drakes Bay closes. Larger shucked oysters might have to be imported from Washington, according to the Marin IJ. And they will most certainly come with a higher price tag than those that Drakes Bay currently provides.
At Hog Island in the Ferry Building, the cheapest you can currently snag is six oysters for $15.
This opens a pandora's box of issues, said Douglas Bernstein, executive chef at Fish in Sausalito. He told the Marin IJ:
"We are talking about getting oysters in 45 minutes from Drakes Bay versus 14 hours. And it costs more to get them sent here and you have an impact on the environment because of the transportation needed. You also are talking about the quality of the product. From Drakes Bay you get them as soon as they are out of the water. There are a lot of impacts to this."
Bernstein also said consumers won't feel the financial impact immediately, because restaurants will field the initial blow. However, oyster prices are already inching up, demand isn't slowing down and there is already a shortage of oysters on the West Coast.
Drakes Bay Oyster Co. environment Oysters
Microsoft shaming Google over privacy issues
Natalie Thomas
Bill lobbies for on-campus polling places
A newly proposed bill would require universities to have polling places available on campus.
Elena Kadvany
Giants tap Matt Cain for Opening Day
Matt Cain will get the Opening Day start down at Chavez Ravine against the pesky Los Angeles Dodgers.
Chelena Goldman


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First NSW Cyber Security Network 'cyber voucher' recipients decided
HomeNewsFirst NSW Cyber Security Network 'cyber voucher' recipients decided
Our cyber voucher program for small and medium sized businesses has drawn a strong response
The NSW Cyber Security Network's (NSWCSN) cyber voucher program for small and medium sized businesses (SMEs) has attracted a strong response from SMEs eager to engage with NSW universities for R&D projects.
NSW-based cyber security software developer TokenOne, which focuses on the prevention of identity theft, is one of the successful applicants. The company has developed authentication technology that changes the way we all use traditional passwords by utilising one-time pad principles (an encryption technique that combines plaintext with a unique 'cipher key'). Its research partner is the University of Sydney in a project that aims to deliver a definitive guide to secure SMS authentication practices.
"It is well understood by businesses and governments that SMS is not a secure channel," said Phil Cuff, CEO and Founder of TokenOne, "but SMS is so convenient that businesses continue to rely on it to communicate 'one-time codes' to authenticate their customers. Despite its proven insecurities, current SMS authentication is still by far the most popular form of multi-factor authentication in the world."
Instead of trying to talk the world out of using SMS completely, TokenOne combines a secret PIN – which is not entered or transmitted – with a one-time cipher key of letters and numbers that is sent to the customer by SMS. Each cipher key is unique, so customers can convert their numeric PIN into different letters, instead of their PIN, each time they need to authenticate. This type of process is known as a 'Zero Knowledge Password Proof'.
"NSW small and medium businesses have come forward with meaningful research projects that have the potential to build prosperity for NSW," said Todd Williams, Director, NSW Cyber Security Network. "As well as helping grow NSW businesses, our cyber vouchers program is helping early career researchers connect with industry and gain valuable work experience."
Each successful project is eligible for up to $15,000, in a similar fashion to the NSW Department of Industry's existing TechVoucher initiative.
Other successful cyber voucher applications to date have also focused on the issues of trust and identity. For example, Macquarie University and the University of Technology Sydney are collaborating with SMEs on projects including providing machine learning and data analytics expertise and processes to deliver a zero trust framework and a framework for developing an identity and access management module respectively.
Australia's cyber security industry is expected to triple over the next 10 years with revenues soaring from $2 billion to $6 billion by 2026, creating opportunities for NSW as Australia's technology leader.
Applications for cyber vouchers remain open, and will be considered on a first come, first served basis. The NSWCSN cyber voucher initiative seeks applicants from a wide set of industry backgrounds and experiences.