For gas metal arc welding, the effect of CO2 mixture in a shielding gas on a metal transfer process was investigated through the observation of the plasma characteristics and dynamic behavior at the droplet's growth-separation-transfer by the temperature measurement methods which were suitable respectively to the argon plasma region and the metal plasma region. At the present experimental conditions, the metal transfer process was a spray transfer type with 100%Ar shielding gas. On the other hand, with 85%Ar+15%CO2 shielding gas, the metal transfer process was a globular transfer type in which the arc length was shorter, the width was narrower, and the time interval of the droplet separation was longer. For both shielding gases, the metal plasma region near the arc central axis exhibited 6500-7500 K which was lower than the argon plasma region. With 85%Ar+15%CO2 shielding gas, when the metal droplet grew below the electrode wire, the region below the droplet has a high plasma temperature and a high concentration of iron vapor which surrounded the droplet. The region also exhibited a remarkably high electron number density. At the spray transfer process, the argon plasma region had the electron number density twice higher than the metal plasma region. Meanwhile, at the globular transfer process, the metal plasma region had a higher electron number density than the argon plasma region, which corresponded to a higher electrical conductivity near the arc axis. This means that the electric current goes through the arc axis easier than the spray transfer process. This condition increases the temperature below the droplet. The thermal expansion increases the force preventing the droplet from falling down. In consequence, the metal transfer takes the globular transfer type.


Whether you're a first time traveller or your passport is full of stamps, our family team are passionate about delivering your holiday of a lifetime. With over 20 years experience, we're ready to create your dream holiday.
Our 2019 escorted tours span climates and the globe!
Here's a great option if you're looking for organised and social travel. Our 2019 destinations include Norway, Canada & Alaska, Scandinavia, an Amsterdam to Budapest river cruise, Hawaii, Croatia, the Greek islands and Mediterranean, and Panama, Cuba and Central America. With a mix of cruise, train and coach travel, there's an option for everyone.
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There are many reasons why you should have a rice cooker in your kitchen. For one, you can use it in cooking other foods apart from rice such as steaming your vegetables, making yogurt, baking, browning, pressure cooking, slow cooking and many more, thus, no need of buying many appliances for the work the cooker can do. Additionally, your food cooks faster compared to using a traditional cooker, therefore, giving you extra time to spend with your family and friends. The cooker can also be able to keep your food warm till the serving time.
It is sometimes hard to choose the best rice cookers. This should not worry you because in this article we have reviewed 10 best rice cookers on the market you can choose from. Make sure that the cooker has thermostats, heating options, and insulators to help you cook your rice well. If you are not a good cook, don't worry because once you have put in the correct ingredients inside, you will achieve well-desired meal. Choose one with the measurement enough for you and your family. It should warm from bottom to up to make sure the rice cooks perfectly.
If you're looking for a small rice cooker to cook a meal for your small family of up to three people, then this Instant Pot cooker is the ideal choice. Instant Pot Duo is a 7 in 1 appliance and besides cooking rice, it can act as a yogurt maker, saute, pressure cooker, warmer, and slow cooker. You can cook rice, meat, stew, soup, beans, porridge, yogurt, and other delicacies.
The best rice cooker can be used in outdoor activities such as boating, camping, hotel excursions, and traveling by RV. You can cook up to 6 cups of uncooked rice or 12 cups of cooked rice. The cooker will come with a measuring cup that can help you be accurate in your measurements.
It features 11 smart programmable and digital controls suitable for cooking various meals. The 24-hour delay start ensures that you can set it for your food to cook at the desired time and can be warm for 10 hours. It has no chemical coating thus safe and it is dishwasher safe.
This Hamilton rice cooker holds up to 14 cup capacity of cooked rice. This rice cooker has a 2-in-1 basket that comprises a steam basket and rice rinser for rinsing rice before cooking to avoid clumping and attain a fresh taste. The best budget rice cooker cost under $35 making it very affordable.
It has a pre-programmed setting enables you to cook or steam your food by only touching a button. Apart from cooking rice, you can cook whole grains, steam vegetables or seafood, hot cereals, and many others, thus, ideal for cooking breakfast to dinner. While the rice is cooking at the bottom, you can steam your vegetables at the top. It features a delayed start to give you enough time to plan for when to have your meal ready. Once your food is cooked, the cooker will automatically shift to warm and your food can be warm for up to 10 hours.
✅ It has a delay start option that gives you enough time planning on when you want your food to be ready.
✅ Rice rinser and a steam basket for rinsing rice before cooking to prevent clumping and have a fresher taste.
✅ 6 pre-programmed settings from whole grain, hot cereals, white rice, steam cook, and heat or simmer options to avoid guesswork when cooking.
This is a third technology Ultra pot cooker ideal for making a dish for up to 3 people. The Ultra pot is the best rice cooker with click and twist programming for you to easily access the preset cooking programs and user customizations. It has added features such as the automatic altitude adjustment, steam auto reset release, and visual progress bar. Guesswork in cooking is eliminated by the 16 microprocessing control programs to cook it 70% faster.
The cooker is multipurpose and it will also perform as a pressure cooker, sterilizer, rice and porridge cooker, cake maker, yogurt maker, slow cooker, warmer, saute, and steamer. It features 11 safety mechanisms and it is energy efficient. It emits no steam during cooking time and automates cooking.
✅ 11 safety mechanisms for safe cooking such as temperature monitor and control, lid position sensor, pressure controller, anti-blockage vent, leakage detector, safety lid lock, quick release button and more.
✅ Alexa skill with more than 300 recipes, grocery, and recipe list, and more.
✅ Quick release button enables you to continuously steam in pulses and manually and reset to sealing position upon opening or closing the lid.
✅ Ultimate custom programming to control your cooking.
✅ Central dial for selecting and adjusting the program to achieve an easy and precise cooking.
✅ Altitude adjustment for a precise cooking time and to eliminate guesswork in converting the recipe.
✅ Cooking pressure indicator to monitor food cooking, preheating and warming food.
This rice cooker can cook up to 6 cups of white and brown rice and other types of food. Cooking is easy by only touching the button push. The keep warm setting ensures that your food remains warm for a long time.
Oster comes with a measuring cup to help you be accurate with your cooking. The cooker has a steaming basket for cooking your fish or veggies while your rice cooks at the bottom. The inner pot is removable while the nonstick bowl easily pops out, thus, cleaning is made easy. Tempered glass lid allows you to observe your food while cooking.
✅ Auto shut-off feature that ensures that when the programmed time is reached the cooker automatically switches off.
✅ One- touch button that allows you to press it once in order to get your food cooking easily.
This rice cooker can hold up to 8 cups of cooked rice. As your rice cooks at the bottom, steam your vegetables or meal at the top. It features a programmable digital control of cooking different kinds of food, an automatic keep warm setting and a brown and white rice functions. It cuts your cooking time by 50%.
The 15-hour timer delay gives you enough time to plan for the meal to cook and comes with recipes, a serving spatula, and steam tray. Suitable for cooking rice, oatmeal, soup, chili and many more. Once the food is fully cooked, it automatically switches off to the warm setting, therefore, giving you enough time to attend to other chores and help your kids in doing their assignments.
✅ Non-stick coating to ensure that no food sticks on it, hence, cleaning is made easy.
✅ Automatic keep warm switch makes sure that once the food is cooked it remains warm for a long time before you serve.
This is a 7 in 1 kitchen appliance used as a rice cooker, slow cooker, pressure cooker, saute pan, warmer, yogurt maker, and a steamer. It can cook food enough for 7 people. It features 6 pressure levels you can adjust to cooking your food well for a greater taste. The pot can cut your cooking time up to 70%. The cooker has a pressure release button to release pressure and prevent the hot steam from hurting you. If you are not good at cooking, you don't have to worry because it comes with 13 micro processing programs which makes sure the food is well cooked once you place the ingredients inside. It is dishwasher safe and comprises 15 cooking modes and 9 safety mechanisms to make sure you are safe when cooking.
✅ Pressure release button that makes sure excess pressure is released to avoid hot steam from burning you when you open it.
✅ Temperature and pressure controller for even cooking and maintenance of pressure at a safer level.
✅ Lid position monitor to ensure the lid is in a right position and a lid lock safety to make sure that the lid does not open when the cooker has a pressure.
This is 1-in-7 cooker suitable for rice cooking, steaming, baking, brown boil, saute, making yogurt pressure cooking, warming, and slow cook. The 17 smart programs enable you to cook several kinds of food. It features faster cooking times that cuts your cooking time up to 70%, celcius reading, 2 manual pressure modes for cooking and hot pot and boil programs. The 9 safety mechanisms ensure that you are safe when operating the cooker. It comes with a recipe book, measuring cup, steam rack, rice spoon, a tempered glass lid and more.
✅ Tempered glass lid ensures that the food cooks slowly and allows you to check on your food while cooking without having to open it.
✅ Large LED display for easy reading and setting up your pressure cooker.
✅ Customizable settings allow you to set and adjust the pressure, cooking time and the temperature for different kinds of food.
✅ Anti-clog protector prevents food from blocking the valve releasing pressure.
✅ Temperature controller ensures that the food cooks well while the excess temperature control cuts power in case the temperature exceeds the safe limit.
In today's fast growing world, you will need a cooker that cooks various foods and in a shorter time so you don't spend much time in the kitchen but rather help your kids with the assignment, spend time with family and friends as it cooks food 70% faster than a normal cooker. This Crock-pot cooker is multi-programmable cooker all in one allowing you use to slow cook, steam, pressure cook or brown and saute.
The digital meal settings allow you to cook rice, meat, poultry, soup, dessert, beans, yogurt, with multigrain. This Crock-pot is non-sticky and dishwasher safe, therefore, making cleaning easy. While cooking under pressure, the lid is tightly locked to make sure you are safe from hot steam while the delay timer allows you to start the cooker at the time you are ready. The warm setting ensures that your food remains warm for a long time so you don't have to warm it when you want to serve.
✅ Delay start timer gives you time to plan and start the cooker at a later time when you are ready.
✅ One touch digital control that indicates time, indicator lights with buttons for adjusting the temperature, pressure and time.
✅ Non-stick and dishwasher safe pot for easy cleaning and lid holder to avoid making messes on the top.
Make dinner easily with this Black + Decker for only 30 minutes. It can cook up to 3cups of uncooked rice, therefore, it is ideal for a small family or few guests. For just under $20, you can buy this amazing rice cooker.
The keep warm setting ensures that your rice remains warm for a long time if you are planning to serve later. You can also use it as a steamer since it comes with a steamer basket you can use in steaming your veges, fish and many more. It is dishwasher safe and it is non-sticky hence cleaning is easy and faster. You can prepare stews, oatmeal, and soups.
✅ Light indicator to let you know when your rice is cooking or when in the keep warm mode.
✅ Automatic keep warm option ensures that your food remains warm for a long time before you serve.
✅ Has a removable nonstick bowl which is dishwasher safe, hence, easy cleaning.
✅ Tempered glass lid allows you to check on your cooking rice without opening the lid and a plastic handle that makes it easy to remove.
This Instant pot cooler is multi-functional and serves as a rice cooker, pressure cooker, browning, steamer, yogurt maker, warmer and slow cooker and ideal for up to 6 people. The control panel is large and easy to use with 14 smart programs, 3 levels of temperature for slow cooking and saute, dual pressure and automatic keep warm. Delay timer goes up to 24 hours giving you plenty of time in planning and a 120 minutes manual setting of cooking time.
✅ Built-in microprocessor to monitor the temperature, pressure, keep time, adjust time and heat intensity for you to achieve a tasty meal.
✅ Alexa skill with a free app gives you more than 300 recipes, videos, grocery and recipe list and others.
✅ Dual pressure settings for flexible and fast cooking. High pressure cooks food fast while the low pressure ensures that delicate food does not overcook.
✅ Pressure regulator ensures that the pressure remains within a safe limit while pressure protector releases pressure to avoid accidents.
✅ Automatic keep warm ensures that the food keeps warm so that if you plan to serve later you don't have to warm up.
Also, you can check on best rice cookers under $50.
You should always consider having a rice cooker to make sure that you achieve very tasty rice and be able to use it in cooking other kinds of food. Save a great time with this cooker since it cooks faster compared to other cookers.


The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities is the supreme institution for sciences and humanities in Israel. The headquarters are located in Jerusalem.
This page was last changed on 22 June 2018, at 05:27.


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Latest > Kids get chance to grill Beef
Kids get chance to grill Beef
At London Golf Show
Words: John Dean
Londoner Andrew 'Beef' Johnston is the guest of honour on the opening day of the London Golf Show, which takes place at Glow, Bluewater, in Kent, from August 26-28, 2016.
And Johnston, 27, is inviting children aged under 16 to pose questions to him on the show stage as their first steps towards a potential career in golf reporting.
The world number 89 explained: "As a Londoner myself, I really appreciate what the London Golf Show brings to the people of the city and its surrounding areas. Golf is still perceived by some, mistakenly in my view, as an elite sport. I come from a working-class background and there are hundreds, if not thousands, of working-class kids out there who could have an undeveloped talent for the sport.
"Those kids are unlikely to be able to visit Troon for the Open Championship, but they'd jump at the chance to swing a club here, on their doorstep. So, as a way of encouraging even more youngsters to take an interest in golf, I'm inviting kids to email me with their top three questions and the senders of the three best sets of questions will be invited to come on stage at the show on Friday and pose them to me.
"It might prove to be the start of a lifelong passion for golf, or even the start of a career in golf journalism," added Johnston, with a smile.
The sets of three questions should be sent to askbeef@londongolfshow.com, where they will be judged by Johnston and the team behind the London Golf Show.
Click here or on the image below to read more about Beef's new beer sponsorship deal
TAGS: Andrew Johnston, Beef
PURE CLASS GARY
GOLFPUNK GETTING GOLF FIT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Specialist for general medicine • sports medicine • nutritional medicine • preventive medicine dapm • Adipologe GGG • naturopathic treatment n.e.a.
Vortragsreihe in Shanghai, u.a. zum Thema "Prävention, Ernährung, Übergewicht, Schlaf & Co."
© 2019 Prof. Dr. Thomas Kurscheid. All rights reserved.


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The Mitchell grass ctenotus (Ctenotus agrestis)  is a species of skink found in Queensland in Australia.

References

agrestis
Reptiles described in 1995
Taxa named by Stephen Karl Wilson
Taxa named by Patrick J. Couper

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Following our 2018 visit to this fantastic show, we are returning in 2019! The UK's most spectacular open-air live action night show since the opening of the London 2012 Olympics opens in Bishop Auckland this summer. It is listed by Rough Guides as one of the world's top 10 must-see tourist attractions to experience in 2019. 'Kynren – an epic tale of England' is an exciting family show, taking you on a spellbinding journey through British history. Taking place on a landscaped open air stage (equivalent to five football pitches with a full-size lake at its centre) against the backdrop of Auckland Castle, you will be immersed in 2,000 years of history, with a movie-like, fast-paced and action-packed journey from Roman times to the Second World War, through the Viking invasions, the splendour of the Tudors, the Industrial Revolution and the Roaring Twenties. As the story unfolds you'll be treated to ships and a steam train, mass choreography, combat, dance, dazzling pyrotechnics and grandiose lighting and water effects. More than 1,000 volunteers are involved as cast and crew, with an accompanying cast of animals comprising performance horses, sheep, goats, cattle and even ducks. Our volunteers having been professionally trained by top performance experts, including teams who have delivered the mass choreography of London 2012 Opening Ceremony. The 90-minute show takes place once darkness has fallen, to create the best possible backdrop for the special effects that will bring the action-packed story to life.
The Mercure Newcastle George Washington Hotel Golf and Spa is an independently owned hotel, golf and leisure complex located on the outskirts of Newcastle upon Tyne. The hotel has been awarded and become an AA 4 Star Hotel. We have recently joined Mercure Hotels, a brand of Accor Hospitality, Europe's leading hotel group with over 4000 hotels. The Washington-based hotel offers a convenient location for visitors to the Tyne and Wear region with easy access to the major road network and within 15 minutes of Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Durham.
Carter & Fitch, Smokehouse-Pizzeria-Bar, has just opened to fabulous reviews at the hotel. Carter & Fitch offers great food, delicious cocktails and illy coffee, which can be enjoyed in contemporary surroundings or on our new patio. Recently the hotel has added an outside BBQ and Pizza Oven to complement our new Wedding Pavilion, a great addition for wedding receptions.
On the Saturday we shall visit the Beamish Open Air Museum - an amazing place, before heading back to the hotel ready for the evening show. On Sunday we shall visit Whitby for lunch before heading back to Norfolk.


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S K I N
H A I R
G U M M I E S
by Ashley Everett & Jay Burton
Cachet Brands Blog Team
How CBD and CBN Can Help You Sleep
What are Cannabinoids? The cannabis plant has over 80 known cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds naturally found within the cannabis plant. They have been shown through research to have powerful medicinal value. Cannabinoids are not only found in the cannabis plant but in other plants like black pepper, clove, garlic, and broccoli just to name a few.
Cannabinoids work with our body by binding to either the CB1 or CB2 receptors. These receptors are found in our endocannabinoid systems.
What is the Endocannabinoid System? The endocannabinoid system's receptors are located all throughout the body, in places like the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs. They are ready and willing to receive cannabinoids. Dr. Sulak, a doctor of osteopathic medicine contributed an article to Healer about the endocannabinoid system. He says, "The ECS is perhaps the most important physiologic system involved in establishing and maintaining human health. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are found throughout the body: in the brain, organs, connective tissues, glands, and immune cells. In each tissue, the cannabinoid system performs different tasks, but the goal is always the same: homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment. Cannabinoids promote homeostasis at every level of biological life, from the sub-cellular, to the organism, and perhaps to the community and beyond."
CBD and Its Medicinal Value While we do have a ways to go in terms of learning, the cannabinoid CBD has already been widely studied both anecdotally and academically. CBD was discovered in the 1940s by an American chemist named Roger Adams. Not only did Adams identify CBD, he was the first to isolate it and published 27 studies on cannabis in the American Journal of Chemistry. Adams is also said to be the first one to discover, but not isolate, THC. The chemist also developed the "Adams scale" a system designed to measure the potency of cannabinoids. This method is still used by researchers today.
Additionally, a study published in the journal Pain, analyzed whether CBD could prevent osteoarthritis pain and joint neuropathy. Based on what they found, researchers affirmed that it succeeded at both because it decreased joint inflammation as well as served as a protectant to the nerves. Michael Backes, the author of Cannabis Pharmacy: The Practical Guide to Medical Marijuana, says in his book, "Endocannabinoids appear to be profoundly connected with the concept of homeostasis (maintaining physiological stability), helping redress specific imbalances presented by disease or by injury. Endocannabinoids' role in pain signaling has led to the hypothesis that endocannabinoid levels may be responsible for the baseline of pain throughout the body, which is why cannabinoid-based medicines may be useful in treating conditions such as fibromyalgia (a condition marked by muscular pain and stiffness). This could also mean that the constant release of the body's own endocannabinoids could have a "tonic" effect on muscle tightness (spasticity) in multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and even baseline appetite. The value of proper "endocannabinoid tone" throughout the body could be very significant to general well-being."
Researchers are studying the possibility of CBD's effectiveness in treating various psychiatric disorders. A study published in Current Pharmaceutical Design showed that CBD is a potentially safe and effective treatment for schizophrenia patients. Project CBD also says "Jose Alexandre Crippa and his colleagues at the University of San Paulo in Brazil and King's College in London have conducted pioneering research into CBD and the neural correlates of anxiety. At high concentrations, CBD directly activates the 5-HT1A (hydroxytryptamine) serotonin receptor, thereby conferring an anti-anxiety effect. This G-coupled protein receptor is implicated in a range of biological and neurological processes, including (but not limited to) anxiety, addiction, appetite, sleep, pain perception, nausea and vomiting. 5-HT1A is a member of the family of 5-HT receptors, which are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. Found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, 5-HT receptors trigger various intracellular cascades of chemical messages to produce either an excitatory or inhibitory response, depending on the chemical context of the message."
America's Sleeping Epidemic and The Problem With Prescription Sleep Aids Did you know it is estimated that 50 to 70 million Americans struggle with some form of a sleeping problem? The CDC says insufficient sleep is a public health epidemic. Lack of sleep is thought to be a contributing factor for many different health issues such as depression, hypertension, and diabetes. And even if one of these serious conditions don't plague you, lack of sleep leaves you irritable and functioning minimally...at best. So, what is the solution? Prescription sleeping pills have been shown to cause depression, hallucinations, and headaches with long-term use. Physical side effects aren't the only concern when it comes to sleeping pills. The Addiction Center says that many prescription sleep aids come with a high risk for abuse. According to their article, most doctors only prescribe sleeping pills for sporadic use, when sleeping is presenting itself as a true issue that night. So what happens when the patient's sleeping problems are a consistent issue, or they begin to want the feeling of relaxation they get when they take their pill? That is how addiction begins.
In MD Philip Denney's testimony to the Arkansas state legislature in support of House Bill 1303, "An Act to Permit the Medical Use of Marijuana" he said, "I have found in my study of these patients that cannabis is really a safe, effective and non-toxic alternative to many standard medications. There is no such thing as an overdose. We have seen very minimal problems with abuse or dependence, which at worst are equivalent to dependence on caffeine. While a substance may have some potential for misuse, in my opinion, that's a poor excuse to deny its use and benefit to everyone else." It is important to point out something Dr. Denney said. There is no such thing as an overdose. We cannot say the same for many prescription medications on the market today.
So then let's talk about CBD as an alternative to traditional sleeping medications. It has been shown to be a non-addictive compound in the cannabis plant, and its absent psychoactive effects remove the concern of habitual use to chase "the high." Dr. Walter S. Loewe conducted the first CBD test on lab animals. These tests proved that CBD doesn't cause an altered mental state. Anecdotally, the defense for CBD as a sleep aid is strong. From a research standpoint, CBD has hinted towards promise in treating REM sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness. The National Center for Biotechnology Information published a study suggesting CBD's potential therapeutic effects as a sleep aid.
Joseph Maroon, a clinical professor and neurosurgeon at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center has extensively researched the effects of cannabis on the brain. He says that CBD contains properties that could make people sleep better, but that he doesn't see it as a treatment for insomnia. He describes it as an "alternative natural method to help calm anxious thoughts that often delay or interrupt natural sleep."
Okay, so what if you don't have anxiety? You know that isn't the root cause of your sleeping issues. Are you SOL with CBD as a sleep aid? Not quite. As mentioned above, the way cannabinoids work with our endocannabinoid system is by manipulating the receptors to promote the restoration of homeostasis within our bodies. There is no one way for cannabinoids to work, so it doesn't just rid our minds of anxious thoughts and call it a day. Homeostasis can be achieved in many forms, like eliminating pain and healing the digestive system, both of which can negatively impact our sleep. In other words, even if you don't have presenting symptoms, our bodies can have issues going on that we don't even know about. When homeostasis is restored, even the resolution of the smallest of problems can create a huge chain reaction. Even without the process of homeostasis, CBD has been shown to have sedative effects on its own.
Another Cannabinoid Comes into Play CBD is not the only cannabinoid in the mix. Like we said, there are over 80 that we know of so far. One of these cannabinoids being cannabinol, or CBN. CBN is not as well known as THC or CBD, but it deserves attention. CBN actually does not exist naturally in the fresh cannabis plant. There is a process that happens over time through oxygenation and decomposition of the plant that produces CBN. CBN stems from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) in cannabis. The cannabis plant's naturally occurring enzymes (aka synthases) are responsible for converting CBGA into one of the following three cannabinoids: cannabichromene carboxylic acid or CBCA, cannabidiol carboxylic acid or CBDA, and tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid or THCA. In this case, CBN breaks down into THCA. Due to time and air exposure, the THCA breaks down into another compound called cannabinolic acid, or CBNA for short. The process takes its final step and CBNA becomes CBN through heat and light exposure.
Analytical Cannabis says CBN is currently regarded as a sedative compound that can potentially help people suffering from insomnia. Cresco Labs is a cannabis producer throughout the United States and they also say CBN can be used effectively as a sleep aid or sedative. The reason CBN can do this is because it is a perfect fit for our endocannabinoid system's CB2 receptor. The CB2 receptor is located throughout our immune tissue in the body. There are CB2 receptors in our digestive systems and some of our vital organs like our heart and spleen. When the CB2 receptors receive cannabinoids like CBN, the cannabinoids begin to manipulate the receptors to promote homeostasis.
The British Journal of Pharmacology also did a study on CB2 receptors in our digestive tract. They say, "the presence and function of the CB2 receptor in the GI tract, whilst not yet well characterized, holds great promise due to its immunomodulatory roles in inflammatory systems and its lack of psychotropic effects. This review of our current knowledge of CB2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract highlights its role in regulating abnormal motility, modulating intestinal inflammation and limiting visceral sensitivity and pain. CB2 receptors represent a braking system and a pathophysiological mechanism for the resolution of inflammation and many of its symptoms. CB2 receptor activation, therefore, represents a very promising therapeutic target in gastrointestinal inflammatory states where there is immune activation and motility dysfunction."
Cannabis and Its Place In History According to History, "Marijuana, also known as cannabis or pot, has a long history of human use. Most ancient cultures didn't grow the plant to get high, but as herbal medicine, likely starting in Asia around 500 BC. The history of cannabis cultivation in America dates back to the early colonists, who grew hemp for textiles and rope. Political and racial factors in the 20th century led to the criminalization of marijuana in the United States, though its legal status is changing in many places." The oldest piece of evidence supporting cannabis use was found in a 2,500-year-old cemetery in Western China. They found burnt wooden vessels similar to what we consider to be pipes today, with residue still on them. University of Chinese Academy of Science archaeologist Yemin Yang and his colleagues used chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze small samples of the charred wood and the residue from the stones. Their analysis came back showing the plant matter contained high levels of CBN.
Terpenes and the Entourage Effect We know that CBN and CBD both have sedative effects. In addition to that, we have learned that the rehabilitation of our bodies' inner workings when cannabinoids are introduced improves our sleep because of homeostasis, regardless if sleep is the primary issue at hand. But, cannabinoids are not the only chemical compound in cannabis that provide these calming effects.
Terpenes are another compound in the cannabis plant. It is responsible for keeping the plant safe from potential threats in the wild. There are over 100 known terpenes in the cannabis plant. Terpenes release a strong odor that wards off potential predators. It is what gives cannabis its distinct smell. Terpenes are not only found in cannabis. You can find terpenes in bay leaves, black pepper, and pine to name a few. Terpenes do not only provide protection to the plant, but also provide medicinal benefits. Terpenes and cannabinoids working together are part of the concept known as "the entourage effect." This is the idea that when all chemical compounds and parts of the cannabis plant are used, they produce an entourage effect. In other words, compounds aid the other properties in cannabis to do their job, ultimately yielding better results. So when cannabinoids and terpenes are present, both of their medicinal properties are applied and they can synergistically work together for best results.
Myrcene is a terpene found in cannabis and it has been shown to produce pain-relieving effects. This terpene is also well known for its sedative effects, proving especially useful for those looking to use cannabis to improve their sleep. You can find myrcene in mangoes, thyme, lemongrass, and basil. Myrcene has also been linked to anti-inflammatory and antibiotic effects and has an earthy smell.
Linalool is another terpene, most notably recognized for its floral fragrance. Linalool has been credited for its anti-anxiety and sedative effects, seen in a study done on lab mice. Linalool is found in lavender and other common plants. It is said to be so common in other foods that even those who do not use cannabis are thought to consume over two grams of linalool alone each year.
The terpene terpinolene has actually not been shown to have pain relieving and anti-inflammatory effects like many other terpenes in the plant. It does, however, lead researchers to believe it has a case for being a sedative as well as reducing anxiety. Terpinolene's smell is classified as piney or woody, with hints of citrus and herbal spice. Its strong smell makes it a popular choice for things like soaps, insect repellants, and perfumes.
The Right Sleep Supplement Now that your interest has been piqued on an alternative sleeping solution, it is important to find the right one. Our partnership with Alchemyst Lab allows us to provide a CBN distillate that is formulated with premium CBN. Allowing all of these compounds to work together will produce the previously mentioned "entourage effect," allowing for this product to give the user the best possible results when it comes to improving their sleep. A non-addictive sleep aid, perfect for inducing a restful and restorative night's sleep. It is important to discuss this option with your doctor before trying. We can't wait to bring that to you! COMING VERY SOON!
Written By: Kaitlin Domangue
Kaitlin is an experienced cannabis writer providing topics on medicinal cannabis, cannabis news, resource articles and more. She has written articles for Cannabis Magazine and Green Market report. Kaitlin is a medical cannabis supporter and advocate from Missouri, determined to change the stigma against the plant. She has a fantastic husband and 4 wonderful kids.
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While others writhe in fear of heights, cry at the sight of cockroaches, I go weak in the knees at the prospect of visiting Prada. Or Louis Vuitton. Or any high-end store with a name I'll mispronounce. I don't know why high-end shops intimidate me. I feel like my financial capacity will get judged and summed up by my thin wallet and its lack of contents. I feel inadequately dressed beside them suits. Will they judge me for not having french tips? Can they tell that I only wear the fresh scent of soap?
I had a pair of Vans that retired from shoe life. I knew it when I saw cracked sides that its end is near. When I felt a gentle breeze touching my feet inside, I looked down and saw my toes saying hi through windows of opportunity. And in case you were wondering, yes I was wearing socks but they too needed replacement. As I thought about the usual shoe options, I remembered something else… shops I never dared to enter.
While I admire the golden Gucci/Chanel/Prada/LV buildings in downtown Taipei, I never had the courage to visit them. Ever. But recently, I've been noticing these names pop up as options for casual footwear so I got curious. I don't really care for bags, I'm more into shoes especially sneakers. And I also thought, hey, why not help myself get over such irrational fear of designer stuff by being inside these expensive lairs? Maybe I'd find a Vans replacement that's a worthwhile "investment". Bold italic font size 48 that Maybe.
So I searched online, looked through designer collections, and started to think that maybe I can do this for fun, see if the prices are worth it in real life. And because I had this feeling that appearances would be important, I decided to dress for the occasion. I wore a white polo blouse, used a Versace bag (thanks mom!), and capped off my look with a pair of jeans and respectable slippers. I wanted to appear like I-can-afford-pricey-things-but-I-don't-want-you-to-think-I'm-rich. Subtle. Somewhere along the way I felt like on cosplay. Or might be Halloween came early.
My first stop was Gucci, a golden in-your-face fortress that would probably look gaudy if it wasn't "Gucci." I was curious how a pair of Ace costs like a brand-new laptop. A sales associate approached me, spoke Mandarin, to which I replied in English, so she switched to English and answered all my questions, "How many sizes do you have?", "What colors are available?", "Are these all the patches you have?" When I finally shut up to admire the softness of the sneakers and traced my fingers on what was supposedly watersnake trimming, I saw saleslady fish out her phone and open an app. I think she opened Google Translate and I think it was great she's making sure she'll have an arsenal of replies ready. Or maybe, she just checked if she had speed dial for security. Who knows.
I ended up with nothing yet she and the Gucci people still bid me farewell and thanked me. That was nice. The Ace sneakers also looked nice, but I don't know if they were good enough for the price. I kept thinking the cost is more for buying the THE brand rather than the shoe itself. It was so…common. Sure the trimming are nice but still it's so…plain. I also kept thinking about the Stan Smiths I can get instead, and they were anything but plain. You do know they are Stan Smiths.
Next was Chanel. I almost backed out from going in because its insides would test your Chanel familiarity. Unlike Gucci, they had themed glass tables showcasing different collections. Shoes were scattered on the lobby, per themed table, and I had to buzz on each like a fly that can't get enough of the visual buffet. I just wanted to see an entire shoe collection so I asked a sales lady if they had a rack that had just that. She answered in English, rather abrupt, and said "Yes, second floor". It wasn't disrespectful, but it was more assertive than the customer service I got in Gucci.
I also noticed that there were more associates waiting inside Chanel. Thankfully, they didn't approach me. They just smiled and glanced at me as I went up the stairs. I wanted to take a photo inside the shop but I knew that'll be tacky beyond redemption so I just contented myself with the stairs and felt eyes on my back as I climbed them.
I immediately spotted the shoe rack and another sales lady approached me. Honestly, I was disappointed with most of Chanel's designs. I thought I would be wowed, but most of them, in real life, looked a little too common. I also didn't like the in-your-face Chanel logo most shoes had. I can't help but think I've seen better options, in Taipei's underground malls, in Aldo and Nine West that became light years cheaper in comparison. The Chanel sandals looked lovely but, again, I still can't justify the price tag in my head. They also had sneakers but they didn't excite me as much as the Ace sneakers did.
I started asking the saleslady some questions, like how do I take care of the shoes and keep them clean? To my surprise, she said "Well, you shouldn't wear them!" which made my eyebrows want to reach the ceiling but decided to give her the benefit of the doubt instead, laughed the bad joke off, and asked, "Can I use detergent and water to clean it?" She turned serious and said "No, not good…clean cloth should be enough…avoid wearing it in the rain…" But at that point, I was just feeling blah nevermind, Chanel didn't live up to the hype anyway I'm outta here. Said my goodbyes, thank yous, which she politely replied to and said goodbye as well. The other sales folks who saw me couldn't care less I'm going out. That's one point less than Gucci, who had people I didn't know were actually there pop out of nowhere to say thank you and goodbye even though I walked out with no purchase.
Pretending to be rich is hard. At that point, which was just 10-15 minutes spent in Gucci and Chanel, I already felt exhausted. I felt like I always had to exude some sort of self-assured assertiveness and confidence, that I must appear no-nonsense…which by 8PM becomes a tall order after a full day's worth of work. I just wanted to curl up on a sofa, watch Netflix, and stuff my face with chips. Anyway, after taking in the luxury of the mall's International Brand section, I decided to continue to two more brands whose sneakers I did love more than the brand itself, at least when I saw them online.
As I walked in, I went straight to the elastic strap sneakers while the faint voice of the sales guy followed me. The shoes were kinda heavy, but they were every bit amazing. The suede, the leather, the elastic, and the Givenchy logo printed on the back…they just go so well together. The sneakers were shaped so slim they'd look so fly with anything, even a suit. As I inspected the shoes, the sales guy helpfully suggested other colors and some bits of info. I asked if I can take pictures and was stunned to hear him say, "Of course!" like what he really wanted to say was, "Girl, you should've done it sooner!" It was the first time that night that I forgot I was designer window-shopping. Like I was doing my normal routine. Nerves relaxed. Bye stress.
What I liked most is that BFF sales guy never mentioned prices unless I asked, nor he persistently asked for my feet size. As I took photos, he kept checking the cabinets for colors and design options, putting them near my line of sight but nowhere intrusive. When I started asking about sizes, that was the only time he started adding them as part of the conversation. Though I ended up with nothing, BFF was still friendly and politely bid me goodbye when I left. The other associate, who just quietly looked while I was window-shopping, also smiled at me and said thanks. All in all, it was a very nice, I didn't feel judged, kind of experience.
Last, but not the least that night, was Balenciaga. Their sneakers also caught my interest online. Probably even more. Though lighter and sportier-looking, their sneakers made neoprene and mesh so stylishly sporty and was crafted chicly it's something you've never really seen before. I also liked how the Balenciaga logo was subtly engraved on the sides of the soles. If I would give designer sneakers (emphasis on IF) a go, I'd have a hard time choosing between Balenciaga's Race Runners and the Givenchy sneakers.
The sales lady who approached me looked smart and spoke fluent English. She only answered questions and never tried to upsell nor influence me to buy anything. Like Givenchy BFF, she generously let me know what options are available. She also said the price like, "that's just 22,000 NTD." and though I was like, THERE'S NOTHING JUST ABOUT THAT!!! I still found it cool that her price spiel implied a couple of things–it's an affordable authentic designer pair and that she thinks I can afford it. I smiled and swallowed my poverty, then went on to check the rest of their shoe collection.
As I said thanks and placed the sneakers back on the rack, I saw her look at my watch. Damn, I hope she didn't see scratches or dried ketchup or any icky stuff on it. I kinda felt it was a strategy to assess one's economic status. Top of food chain or food in the chain? Or maybe I was just oversensitive. Still, she politely thanked and said goodbye even though I ended up buying nothing (for the last time), just testing her patience, or probably wasting her time, which could also be the reason why she was checking my watch.
After that, I felt like I can walk into the next-door Louis Vuitton fearlessly but, nope. I no longer have the focus to prevent myself from ogling at the designer items and appear smart. I just wanted to go home and start looking at my financial options haha. Spent would be the best word to describe how I felt, which ironically didn't involve handing out copious amounts of money nor credit. If anything, the only thing I spent generously was my energy. And confidence.
So, would I therefore conclude to buy designer sneakers as replacement for my Vans?
There were two shoes I genuinely liked coz they, to me, are genuinely representative of "designer sneakers." They definitely inspired most of the popular designs we now see commercially. You kinda get the sense that what you'll pay for somehow goes to quality-looking materials. Yet here comes the mother of all buts: I'm not sure it's worth buying something I need to baby, or avoid wearing too much so they stay good. All of the designer shoes I saw seem to have this fragility about them. To me, it kinda defeats the purpose of footwear. Some people may like them, find value in them, be passionate about them, but I only really see fleeting visual value. I'm not even sure I can pass them on as heirloom or sell them because hello, what are the odds the recipient would have the same feet size as mine? Also, it's kinda yuck. My foot fossil is yours too? Wouldja like that?
As I passed by ABC Mart on my way home, I felt my shoulders relax and though a button shall pop off my blouse from extreme sighing, I couldn't care less. Pop all you want. Finally, a store where I can be poor and ignored while doing mental checks on prices. Where I can shirt-shorts-and-slippers my way into the no-frills joys of window-shopping.


text:
«Вісник Книжкової палати» — науково-практичний журнал в галузі соціальних комунікацій. Заснований Державною науковою установою «Книжкова палата України імені Івана Федорова» та Харківською державною академією культури у 1996 році. Виходить щомісячно.

Видавець і редакція

Видавцем та розповсюджувачем журналу є Державна наукова установа «Книжкова палата України імені Івана Федорова».
Головний редактор — Сенченко Микола Іванович. До редакційної колегії входять провідні фахівці з України: Асєєв Георгій, Васильєв Всеволод, Карташов Роберт, Михайленко Віктор, Тоценко Віталій, Ільганаєва Валентина, Калакура Ярослав, Кулешов Сергій, Слободяник Михайло, Солдатенко Валерій, Шейко Василь, Кушнаренко Наталія, Олексюк Ольга, Поплавський Михайло, Філіпова Людмила, Чачко Ада. Також редакторами є фахівці з Росії, Білорусі та Сполучених Штатів Америки.
Мовами публікацій є українська, російська та англійська.

Вміст журналу
Концепція журналу базується на багатоплановому висвітленні питань книгознавства, бібліотекознавства й бібліографознавства. Серед питань що висвітлюються: матеріали з видавничої діяльності, книжкової та бібліотечної справи, нормативно-правового забезпечення книговидання і книгорозповсюдження, аналітично-статистичні огляди випуску видань в Україні. А також проблемні статті про розвиток ЗМІ, рецензії й огляди нових видань, історичні розвідки.

Протягом 2010—2015 років у «Віснику Книжкової палати» опубліковано майже 960 статей, оглядів та рецензій з питань видавничої справи, бібліографії, бібліотечної справи, інформаційних ресурсів, історії, соціальних комунікацій. У кожному номері публікуються від 10 до 15 наукових статєй українських та закордонних авторів. На сторінках видання висвітлюються новітні наукові дослідження, авторами виступають провідні вчені та спеціалісти видавничої, бібліотечної, інформаційної галузі.

Вісник має такі рубрики: «Сторінка головного редактора»; «Книгознавство. Видавнича справа», «Рецензії»;«Бібліотекознавство та бібліографознавство»; «Бібліотечна справа»; «Документознавство та інформаційна діяльність»;«Архівознавство та архівна справа»; «Журналістика та ЗМІ»;«Соціокомунікаційні технології»; «Історичні розвідки»; «З архіву Книжкової палати України»; «Видатні діячі та визначні події»; «Конференції. Конкурси. Виставки»; «За рубежем»; «Вийшли з друку».

Вісник і наука
«Вісник Книжкової палати» Президією Вищої атестаційної комісії України (постанова президії ВАК України від 22.12.2010 No 1-05/8) віднесено до наукових фахових видань України в галузі технічних, історичних наук, соціальних комунікацій (книгознавство, бібліотекознавство, бібліографознавство.

Наказом Міністерства освіти і науки України від 16.05.2016 № 515 журнал «Вісник Книжкової палати» включено до Переліку наукових фахових видань України в галузі соціальних комунікацій.

Примітки

Джерела
 Журналу «Вісник Книжкової палати» — 20 років.- Вісник Книжкової палати. 2016. № 12.-С.44-45.
 Видавнича справа на сторінках часопису «Вісник Книжкової палати» / Г. П. Грет // Наука України у світовому інформаційному просторі. — Вип. 8. — К.: Академперіодика, 2013. — С. 147—156.
 http://www.ukrbook.net/visnyk.htm
 http://www.ukrbook.net/visnyk_pro.htm

Журнали України
Українськомовні журнали України
Бібліотечна справа
Щомісячні журнали
Друковані видання, засновані 1996
Засновані в Україні 1996


In the first part of our documentary on 'Canada Legalizing Marijuana' (https://youtu.be/UETQ6VpDcpc) we showcased the insanely difficult process we went through to actually acquire our legal cannabis. In this video we unbox, weigh, and review all the different brands the Government sent us. Hope you enjoy!


text:
Home Parliamentary Business Bills and Legislation Browse Bills Digests Bills Digests alphabetical index 2008–09 Trade Practices Amendment (Clarity in Pricing) Bill 2008
Trade Practices Amendment (Clarity in Pricing) Bill 2008
Portfolio: Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs
Commencement: Sections 1 3 on the day of the Royal Assent; Schedule 2 on the day after the Royal Assent; and Schedule 1 on a day to be fixed by Proclamation or six months after the Royal Assent, whichever is the earlier.
The purpose of the Bill is to amend the Trade Practices Act 1974 (TPA) to require corporations to prominently specify a single figure price that a consumer must pay to obtain a product or service.
The Bill does contain some exceptions to this requirement such as:
for charges relating to sending goods from a supplier to a customer
where a single price is not quantifiable and
for business to business transactions.
The intention of section 53C of the TPA
Section 53C of the TPA requires advertisers to state the cash price in relation to advertisements for goods and services. The Explanatory Memorandum for the Trade Practices Revision Bill 1986, which inserted section 53C into the TPA states that:
The new section 53C prohibits a corporation advertising part only of the consideration payable for goods or services without disclosing the total consideration for which the goods or services may be purchased outright. This provision is directed at a trader advertising that a consumer may buy a product for a low deposit without disclosing the total price payable.[1]
In Trade Practices Commission v Autoways Pty Limited[2] the Court observed:
the policy [of section 53C] is to cause advertisers to tell the whole story and at least in one respect if selling goods on time payment they must say how much you could buy the good for by paying the cash price. This is likely to be of assistance, particularly to the less sophisticated buyers, in determining whether a purchase is desirable, and also in comparing the desirability of one purchase against that of another.[3]
Consideration by the Courts
Despite this intention, the decision of the Federal Court of Australia in Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Dell Computer Pty Ltd (the Dell Computer case)[4] suggested that section 53C of the TPA does not require a single figure price to be specified.
In that case, advertisements by Dell Computer Pty Ltd had a prominent display or statement of the price for computer products and, elsewhere in the advertisement, a reference to an additional charge for delivery. The complaint to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) was that the advertisements did not make it sufficiently clear to potential customers that the delivery fee that was charged by Dell was compulsory and not optional.[5]
The question for the court was about the definition in the TPA of price , that is, whether the sums of money which were specified in the advertisements as the price of the computer products, constituted part only of the consideration for their supply, having regard to the fact that a compulsory delivery charge was payable.[6]
The court decided that there was no breach of section 53C. Justice Branson considered that it was not necessary to specify a whole price in dollar terms. In her view a cash price specified as $1 999 plus $99 is as much a specification of the whole price as a statement that the single cash price is
$2 098.[7]
Similarly, in the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Signature Security Group Pty Limited[8] the court determined that the expression $295 plus GST is a compound statement of price which did not breach section 53C of the TPA.[9]
This Bill seeks to address the issue of compound statements of price, also referred to as component pricing . Component pricing occurs when a trader advertises a price in its component parts, rather than as a single all-inclusive figure.[10]
Initial moves to amend the Trade Practices Act
Complaints were aired in the media in 2005 about businesses that suck consumers in with a cheap price, then bump up the final bill with taxes, fees and other charges .[11] The motor vehicle industry, the airline industry and the rental car industry were singled out for particular criticism.
Draft amendments to the TPA to respond to component pricing were released for public consideration by the former government on 10 March 2006. Those draft amendments were expected to be part of the Trade Practices Legislation Amendment Bill (No 3) 2006. They were intended to implement the Australian Government s announcement in April 2005 that it would amend the TPA to respond to the increased use of component pricing.[12]
However, the proposed legislation was not introduced. Instead, on 11 December 2006 the Hon Chris Pearce, then Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer announced that the Productivity Commission would commence a year long public inquiry into Australia s consumer policy framework and its administration stating that:
[The] inquiry reflects the Australian Government s commitment to leadership in consumer policy reform and will build on the Government s ongoing reform agenda, including reform of Australia s consumer product safety system and the laws governing component pricing.[13]
The Terms of Reference of the inquiry do not make specific mention of component pricing.[14] The Productivity Commission issued a draft report on 12 December 2007. Its final report was published on 8 May 2008. However it does not appear to make specific recommendations about component pricing.
The draft Bill
In March 2008, without waiting for the final Productivity Committee report, the current government circulated draft legislation to address the issue of component pricing in advertising to consumers.[15]
A number of formal submissions were made to Treasury in response to the draft legislation. In particular, the submission by the Business Council of Australia[16] was not supportive of the proposed amendments to the TPA on the following grounds:
the absence of a clearly articulated problem at which the proposed amendments are aimed
the absence of clear cost-benefit analysis
practical problems associated with businesses attempting to comply with these provisions which will, in turn, impose costs on business and create uncertainties for consumers and
the possibility for disproportionate penalties, given that the proposed amendments are likely to be difficult to implement in practice, which may result in businesses inadvertently contravening the law.[17]
Many of the drafting issues raised in the submissions by Choice[18] and the Law Council of Australia[19] were incorporated into the current Bill.
The current Bill
It is important to note that this Bill is different from the draft bills which were circulated both by the former and current governments. In particular, the 2006 draft bill proposed that similar amendments would be made to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001.[20] This Bill does not affect financial services. No formal explanation for this has been given. However, it is noted that financial services are already covered by the financial disclosure provisions of the Corporations Act 2001.[21]
The current Bill will particularly target the advertising of cheap air fares. The Hon. Chris Bowen is reported as stating:
It is not appropriate that additional compulsory fees and charges are disclosed in fine print disclaimers, particularly when those additional compulsory charges may be significantly larger than the component price that is highlighted.
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission received 430 complaints over confusing component pricing last year. Many other consumers were probably misled, but had not complained to a regulator[22]
According to the Explanatory Memorandum, the Bill has no significant financial impact on Commonwealth expenditure or revenue.[24]
Schedule 1 of the Bill makes changes to the TPA in relation to component pricing.
Item 1 of Schedule 1 repeals the existing section 53C and substitutes proposed section 53C. Proposed subsection 53C(1) introduces the term relevant person which is repeated in various subsections of proposed section 53C. Proposed subsection 53C(1) applies to a corporation in connection with:
the supply (or possible supply) of goods or services[25] to a person (the relevant person ) or
the promotion by any means of the supply of goods or services to a person (the relevant person ) or
the promotion by any means of the use of goods or services by a person (the relevant person ).
The corporation must not, in trade or commerce, make a representation about an amount that, if paid by the relevant person, would constitute only part of the total amount to be paid for the supply of goods or services unless the corporation also specifies in a prominent way, and as a single figure, the single price [26] for the goods and services: proposed paragraph 53C(1)(c). These two concepts of a single figure and a single price are repeated throughout the Bill.
Proposed subsection 53C(7) defines the term single price as the minimum quantifiable consideration for the relevant supply at the time of the representation to the relevant person and is to include each of the following amounts that can be quantifiable at that time:
a charge of any description, payable by the relevant person, other than a charge that is payable at the option of the relevant person: proposed paragraph 53C(7)(a)[27]
the amount of any tax, duty, fee, levy or charge imposed on the corporation making the representation in relation to the relevant supply: proposed paragraph 53C(7)(b)[28]
the amount paid or payable by the corporation in relation to the relevant supply with respect to any tax, duty, fee, levy or charge: proposed paragraph 53C(7)(c).[29]
The submission by Choice took issue with the use of the term quantifiable in proposed subsection 53C(7), citing the motor vehicle industry as an example. Choice strongly recommended that where a charge is unquantifiable , and thus excluded from the single price, the advertiser should be required to state in a prominent way the fact that the charge is payable and the nature of the charge.[30]
There is an exception to the requirement that the corporation must specify the single price, namely, where the supply relates to goods for which a delivery charge may apply: proposed subsection 53C(2).
However, where the corporation knows, at the time of making the representation about the amount to be paid for the supply of the goods, the minimum charge for sending the goods to the relevant person , then the corporation must also specify that minimum amount: proposed paragraph 53C(1)(d).
A corporation will not have satisfied the requirement that the single price be specified in a prominent way unless the single price is at least as prominent as the most prominent of the component parts of the consideration: proposed subsection 53C(4).
According to proposed subsection 53C(5) the at least as prominent as requirement in proposed subsection 53C(4) does not apply to services supplied under a contract in the following circumstances:
the contract provides for the supply of services for the term of the contract
the contract provides for periodic payments for the services to be made during the term of the contract
if the contract also provides for the supply of goods the goods are directly related to the supply of the services.
The Explanatory Memorandum provides the following example of the circumstances in which this proposed subsection would apply:
a corporation may offer telecommunications services at a cost of $20 per month, provided that the customer enters into a contract for provision of those services for a minimum of 24 months. The single price for those services is $480 ($20 x 24 months). The corporation is still required to state the $480 single price prominently, but it may also display the $20 per month more prominently, if it chooses to; however;
if the contract also provides for the supply of goods, for subsection 53C(5) to apply those goods must be directly related to the supply of the services (for example, a mobile phone would be directly related to a mobile telecommunications service but a DVD player would not be).[31]
Proposed subsection 53C(6) provides that a reference to goods or services is a reference to goods or services of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption. This means that the Bill does not apply to supplies by a corporation in trade or commerce with another corporation or non-corporate business or a government. It does not apply to business to business transactions.[32]
Item 2 of Schedule 1 repeals existing subsection 75AZF(1) which is in similar terms to existing section 53C. The subsection provides for criminal penalties in cases where a corporation fails to specify the cash price in relation to advertisements for goods and services. Item 2 also substitutes proposed subsection 75AZF(1) which is a criminal offence provision. As with its predecessor, it is in similar terms to proposed section 53C, that is, it provides that a corporation must not, in trade or commerce, make a representation about an amount that, if paid by the relevant person , would constitute only part of the total amount to be paid for the supply of goods or services. The maximum penalty for making such a representation is 10,000 penalty units.[33] According to existing (and unchanged) subsection 75AZF(3), the offence is one of strict liability.
Item 3 of Schedule 1 repeals existing subsection 75AZF(2) and substitutes proposed subsections 75AZF(2) (2D) which provide exceptions to rule in proposed subsection 75AZF(1). It will not be a criminal offence if a corporation fails to make a representation of the single price to be paid by the relevant person for a supply of goods and services in the following circumstances:
if the corporation specifies both the single price for the goods or services and where, there is a delivery charge for sending the goods to the relevant person, the minimum amount of the delivery charge, if that amount is known to the corporation at the time of making the representation: proposed subsection 75AZF(2)[34]
where the representation is made exclusively to a body corporate: proposed subsection 75AZF(2B)[35].
in the circumstances set out in proposed subsection 53C(5), that is, in relation to contracts that provide for the supply of services for the term of the contract, which also provide for periodic payments, and if goods are also supplied under the contract that those goods are directly related to the supply of the services.
Item 4 inserts proposed subsections 75AZF(4) and (5) which are in the same terms as proposed subsections 53C(6) and (7) and effectively insert mirror provisions into the offences section of Part VC of the TPA.
Item 5 of Schedule 1 is an applications provision which confirms that amendments made by Schedule 1 of the Bill apply to conduct engaged in after its commencement.
Schedule 2 of the Bill contains miscellaneous amendments to the TPA.
Items 1 and 2 are minor consequential amendments.
Existing section 65E sets out the power of the Minister to declare by notice in writing published in the Gazette, product safety or information standards. Item 3 amends existing subsection 65E(2) so that where such a notice is published, the standard referred to in the notice is taken to be:
for section 65C[36] a prescribed consumer product safety standard: proposed paragraph 65E(2)(a)
for section 65D[37] a prescribed consumer product safety information standard: proposed paragraph 65E(2)(b)
for section 75AZS[38] a consumer product safety standard prescribed by regulations: proposed paragraph 65E(2)(c)
for section 75AZT[39] a consumer product safety information standard: proposed paragraph 65E(2)(d)
Items 5 and 6 add notes to existing sections 75AZS and 75AZT to clarify that a breach of a notice about a standard which has been published in the Gazette under existing section 65E may be a criminal offence.
[1]. Explanatory Memorandum, Trade Practices Revision Bill 1986, paragraph 93, p. 26.
[2]. (1990) ATPR 41-051.
[3]. (1990) ATPR 41-051, at 51,676.
[4]. (2002) FCAFC 434.
[5]. (2002) FCAFC 434 at paragraph 30.
[8]. [2003] FCA 3.
[9]. [2003] FCA 3 at paragraph 17.
[10]. Denise Cullen, But wait, there s more , Sydney Morning Herald, 11 October 2005, p. 3.
[12]. Hon. Chris Pearce, MP Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer, Component pricing: Time to have your say, media release no 0009, Parliament House, Canberra, 10 March 2006.
[13]. Hon. Chris Pearce, MP Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasurer, Productivity Commission Inquiry into Australia s Consumer Policy Framework Welcomed, media release no 042, Parliament House, Canberra, 11 December 2006.
[14]. Productivity Commission, Review of Australia s Consumer Policy Framework , Productivity Commission Inquiry Report No. 45, Commonwealth of Australia, 30 April 2008, pp. vi-viii.
[15]. Hon. Chris Bowen MP, Assistant Treasurer and Minister for Competition Policy and Consumer Affairs, Rudd Government moves to reveal hidden costs of purchases, media release no 019, Parliament House, Canberra, 30 March 2008.
[16]. Business Council of Australia, Submission to Treasury, 18 April 2008, available at: http://www.bca.com.au/Content/101411.aspx, accessed on 9 October 2008.
[17]. ibid., p. 1.
[18]. Choice, Submission in response to the draft legislation on Component Pricing, April 2008, available at: http://www.choice.com.au/files/f132580.pdf, accessed on 9 October 2008.
[19]. Law Council of Australia, Trade Practices Amendment (Component Pricing and Other Measures) Bill 2008, 24 April 2008, available at: http://www.choice.com.au/files/f132580.pdf, accessed on 9 October 2008.
[20]. Law Council of Australia, op. cit., paragraph 2.
[21]. Part 7.9 of the Corporations Act 2001 contains financial product disclosure and other provisions relating to issue, sale and purchase of financial products.
[22]. Airlines on notice to play fair on fares , Australian Financial Review, 26 September 2008, p. 20.
[25]. Proposed subsection 53C(6) provides that a reference in proposed section 53C to goods or services is a reference to goods or services of a kind ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic or household use or consumption.
[26]. The term single price replaces the term cash price which is used in the existing section 53C of the TPA.
[27]. Example 1 for proposed subsection 53C(7) is of a corporation which advertises lounge suites for sale. Persons have the option of paying for fabric protection. The fabric protection charge does not form part of the single price as it is payable at the option of the relevant person.
[28]. For example, GST.
[29]. Example 3 for proposed subsection 53C(7) is of the passenger movement change imposed under the Passenger Movement Charge Act 1978 which requires airlines to pay an amount equal to the charge that would otherwise be payable by passengers departing Australia.
[30]. Choice, op. cit. p. 4.
[31]. Explanatory Memorandum, Trade Practices Amendment (Clarity in Pricing) Bill 2008, p. 6.
[33]. Under section 4AA of the Crimes Act 1914 penalty unit means $110. Therefore the maximum penalty is $1 100 000.
[34]. Under subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code the onus of proof is on the defendant.
[35]. This is consistent with proposed subsection 53C(6) which is inserted by item 1.
[36]. Section 63C of the TPA relates to product safety standards and unsafe goods.
[37]. Section 63D of the TPA relates to product information standards.
[38]. Section 75AZS of the TPA contains the offence provisions in relation to section 63C.
[39]. Section 75AZT of the TPA contains the offence provisions in relation to section 63D.
Paula Pyburne


text:
Q: What technique do I use to predict number of calls based on credit score? I'm new to stats, but have been given this project: There is a call center which calls up leads and tries to get them to buy one of our products. (These are people who came to our website and filled up an interest form for one of our products) At present, every lead is called a fixed number of times. We need to change this based on their credit scores. The output I need to give is similar to this:
Credit Score Range        Maximum No. of Calls
0-25                          10
25-50                         15
50-75                         20

and so on. Also, I need to provide them with exceptions, if any.
I have a bunch of data for every lead, including gender, age, state, city, product of interest. I have around 50k leads to work on.
How do I go about this? I am feeling scared. Any help would be greatly appreciated! I have tried to Google classification, clustering etc, but it is overwhelming and I don't know where to start!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Response to Freedom Force vs the 3rd Reich has been even better than we expected, and the pre-orders have been rolling in! We're so happy with this, that we want to give an extra thank-you to our loyal fans. The first 500 pre-orders will still get the exclusive signed and numbered concept art print by Robb Waters. BUT! We have decided to print up a bunch of extra copies, and give them away (unsigned) with pre-ordered copies until our supply runs out. So even if you missed the initial 500 cutoff, you can still get this extra "thank you" from us.
Thanks again for all your support. For Freedom!


Toss all ingredients together and serve as a side dish or add some proteins for an entrée.
You're lucky to get so many romaine lettuces in one bag. I don't know why, but most of the supermakerts I see here packed upto 4 very mini romaines in a bag. Great looking side dish and definitely packed with protein. LOL!


text:
ERJ Early View
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The perils of premature phenotyping in COVID-19: a call for caution
Lieuwe D.J. Bos, Pratik Sinha, Robert P. Dickson
European Respiratory Journal 2020 56: 2001768; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01768-2020
Lieuwe D.J. Bos
1Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ORCID record for Lieuwe D.J. Bos
For correspondence: l.d.bos@amsterdamumc.nl
Pratik Sinha
3Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
4Dept of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
Robert P. Dickson
5Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
7Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
ORCID record for Robert P. Dickson
By prematurely phenotyping patients with COVID-19, we and our patients are exposed to considerable and preventable risk. If data-driven phenotypes are not insisted upon, our cognitive biases guarantee that we'll end up with phenotype-driven data. https://bit.ly/2ZM8wZV
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 poses an unprecedented global healthcare challenge. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia frequently causes hypoxaemic respiratory failure, manifesting in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recently, authors have proposed distinct clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 pneumonia in several influential, high-profile essays [1–3]. For example, in a recent perspective in this journal [3], the authors speculated that COVID-19 has five phenotypic presentations: three phenotypes based on severity of hypoxaemia and need for supportive care (no hypoxaemia, mild hypoxaemia, and moderate hypoxaemia), and two phenotypes of severely hypoxaemic patients based on additional physiological and clinical features. Aligned with other recent efforts to phenotype COVID-19 patients [1, 2], the authors subtyped patients into a supposedly prevalent phenotype with normal compliance, low lung weight, and predominant perfusion abnormalities ("L" phenotype), and a less-prevalent phenotype with more typical features of ARDS, such as profound consolidation and low compliance ("H" phenotype). The authors advocate for distinct management strategies for these purported phenotypes, include permitting increased tidal volumes and restricted positive end-expiratory pressure in the "L" phenotype patients.
The urge to phenotype patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is understandable and relatable. Outside of critical care medicine, the past decade has been characterised by major advances in precision medicine, promising tailored therapies based on individual patients' physiological and biological characteristics. The emergence of a novel disease without effective treatment incentivises heuristic-based identification of subsets of patients who may respond similarly to a particular intervention. Yet this temptation to define phenotypes based on early clinical experience should be resisted. By prematurely phenotyping patients, we risk causing considerable harm and generating more static than signal. In this editorial, we provide four arguments against premature phenotyping, discuss the features of responsible phenotyping, and recommend a path forward in advancing our understanding of the true heterogeneity underlying patients with COVID-19 (figure 1).
The perils of premature phenotyping. By focusing on extremes of a normally distributed continuum, we risk creating arbitrary "phenotypes" that are not representative of meaningful underlying differences in pathophysiology. Premature phenotyping is often based on erroneous initial impressions and contributes to cognitive biases, including the Baader–Meinhoff phenomenon (the "frequency bias") and the "No true Scotsman" fallacy (excluding incompatible observations via an ad hoc purity test). Premature phenotyping can compromise the delivery of care by inspiring deviation from evidence-based practices, as well as contributing needlessly to the cognitive load of clinicians.
The first, and simplest, argument against premature phenotyping is that our initial intuitions are often wrong. As a vivid example, a prominent essay [2] recently asserted without qualification that "soon after onset of respiratory distress from COVID-19, patients initially retain relatively good compliance despite very poor oxygenation." This claim, while not supported by references cited, formed the basis for extended discussions of the pathophysiology and tailored management of patients with this purported "L phenotype" of COVID-19 (discussed above). Yet subsequent cohort studies have demonstrated that lung compliance in COVID-19 patients is in fact quite low [4, 5], entirely congruent with non-COVID-19 ARDS cohorts [6–8], and normally distributed along a continuum rather than existing as discrete phenotypes. Further, purported radiographic and physiological features of these phenotypes (e.g. dense airspace filling on computed tomography scans paired with decreased compliance in the "H" phenotype) have subsequently been shown to be entirely uncorrelated with each other [9]. Identification of clinical phenotypes, and speculation regarding their underlying biology, should be deferred until after careful, objective inspection of adequately sized cohorts. Human intuitions are simply too fallible, and clinical experience too contingent and heterogenous, to reliably identify phenotypes without sufficient data.
A related argument against premature phenotyping is that it exacerbates our inherent susceptibility to cognitive biases. Once we are informed of clinical categories (however false they may be), our brains treat them as real and begin selectively filtering our observations. As an example, following dissemination of the since-disproven claim that COVID-19 patients have preserved lung compliance, the myth was reinforced by common cognitive traps. The Baader–Meinhof phenomenon (also called the "frequency illusion") ensured that once clinicians were prompted to notice COVID-19 patients with near-normal lung compliance, they began noticing them everywhere (when in fact their frequency was no higher than in non-COVID ARDS) [6–8]. Similarly, clinicians could dismiss low-compliance COVID-19 cases by unintentionally committing the "no true Scotsman" fallacy: by dismissing away purported exceptions on an ad hoc basis, claiming that low-compliance COVID-19 cases must be atypical, as "real COVID-19" has near-normal respiratory mechanics. If we do not insist on data-driven phenotypes, our cognitive biases guarantee that we will end up with phenotype-driven data.
A third argument against premature phenotyping is that it distracts us from sound, evidence-based practices. Clinical outcomes in ARDS have improved markedly in recent decades [10], driven not by blockbuster drug discoveries, but rather by incremental improvements in the delivery of supportive care. These slow but cumulative advances have been built on hard-won lessons from rigorous randomised controlled trials. By their design, these trials have "lumped" heterogenous ARDS patients together under a syndrome-based definition. Despite this, these trials have provided the field with an extensive literature informing evidence-supported therapies. By presumptuously splitting COVID-19 patients into false phenotypes, and by recommending "tailored management" based on untested physiological intuitions, authors have advocated for abandonment of what remains our most effective tool against COVID-19: meticulous, evidence-driven critical care delivery.
A final argument against premature phenotyping is that it worsens the already-unfavourable ratio of signal and noise in the ICU. At the bedside, critical care physicians must filter, process and interpret a tremendous stream of data generated by every patient: physiological, biochemical, radiographic, etc. Clinicians must synthesise these findings with the published literature, which is similarly daunting: more than 10 000 PubMed-indexed manuscripts on COVID-19 were published in the first 4 months of 2020. This deluge of information threatens the most overlooked and precious resources in the ICU: clinicians' attention, time and bandwidth. By needlessly clouding the clinical picture, false phenotypes consume time on rounds and distract us from more immediate concerns. As a field, our research prioritisation has been similarly clouded: investigators' time and resources are squandered trying to explain the biology underlying clinical phenomena that, upon inspection of patient data, simply do not exist.
So what does responsible phenotyping look like? As with any scientific experiment, there needs to be an explicit purpose as to why we seek phenotypes (table 1). In medical science, this mandate ultimately converges on improving patient outcomes (although gleaning novel biological and clinical insights is an equally important motivating factor as they may be critical to achieving this goal). To that end, our field has recent examples of empirically derived phenotypes that have been successfully used to identify treatment-responsive and/or biologically distinct subgroups. In asthma, for example, using a data-driven unbiased clustering approach, two distinct phenotypes of asthma were identified based on interleukin-13 inducible gene-expression [11]. The phenotype signature specific to high gene-expression was later shown, in a randomised controlled trial, to be responsive to a monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits interleukin-13 activity [12]. In ARDS, again using unbiased clustering methods, two phenotypes have been identified with distinct biological and clinical characteristics, consistent across five randomised controlled trials, and with markedly different clinical outcomes [13]. Importantly, in three of these randomised controlled trials, divergent treatment responses were observed to randomised interventions. Further, simpler models have been recently described that offer the potential for the clinical application of these phenotypes [14].
Premature versus responsible phenotyping
These data-driven approaches to clustering are not impervious to errors and misuse. These are powerful tools and, independent of the validity of the research question or study design, clusters will inevitably emerge. It is, therefore, incumbent on the investigators to demonstrate the validity and utility of the identified phenotypes. In the absence of ground truth, the conditions that optimally surrogate for validity are: 1) robustness, 2) consistency and 3) reproducibility in data external from the population from which they were derived. In almost all algorithms, the phenotypes identified are highly subject to the predictor variables. Taking critically ill COVID-19 patients as a specific example, it is imperative to acknowledge that we are studying complex biological systems in which inter-connected pathways share non-linear associations. Seeking univariate solutions in such populations, therefore, seems unlikely to yield meaningful subgroups other than for prognostication [15]. Further, univariate solutions, particularly when sought prematurely, can be more susceptible to the central limit theorem. This mathematical theorem states that given a sufficiently large sample size, the distribution of means of a variable will converge to a normal distribution, suggesting that continuous variables that appear bimodal with limited data, will become normally distributed over time. Thus, both in terms of biological plausibility and mathematical principles, we are unlikely to derive useful phenotypes if we anchor on simplistic, one-dimensional features of disease.
To avoid these pitfalls, predictor variables in multivariate models should be selected with the research question in mind and be highly informative in terms of effectively splitting the population. Moreover, the use of these complex data-science algorithms, intended to overcome cognitive bias, will be limited to theorising unless they are accompanied by a measurement system that can identify the phenotypes rapidly and consistently. Regardless of the motivation or approach used, phenotyping in critical care is typically a data-hungry exercise, and in studies currently purporting COVID-19 phenotypes, the requisite quantity and quality of data are regrettably lacking. Ultimately, however, the true success of phenotypes in diseases will be judged by the identification of actionable interventions. In critical care, although many examples of heterogeneous treatment effects in phenotypes have been described in secondary analyses, their efficacy will need testing via randomised controlled trials. The mere identification of disease phenotypes, whether derived prematurely or responsibly, should not itself change clinical practice, but instead inform prospective, "phenotype-aware" trials.
In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed novel challenges for clinicians and researchers. While we share the ultimate goal of tailoring therapies to the specific pathophysiology of each patient's condition, it is imperative that we first objectively collect, collate and interpret sufficient data to "type" and understand the disease comprehensively. By prematurely phenotyping patients with COVID-19, we expose ourselves and our patients to considerable and preventable risk.
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Conflict of interest: L.D.J. Bos reports grants from the Dutch lung foundation (young investigator grant), the Dutch lung foundation (public-private partnership grant), the Dutch Lung Foundation (Dirkje Postma Award), personal fees from Bayer (for consultancy), outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: P. Sinha has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: R.P. Dickson has nothing to disclose.
Received May 13, 2020.
Accepted May 23, 2020.
Copyright ©ERS 2020
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0.
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Jointly organised by Carbon Care Asia and CarbonCare InnoLab, the corporate seminar "ESG Reporting: First-year Lessons & the Way Forward" and the CarbonCare® Label 2017 launch ceremony was held on 6 July, 2017 at the Happy Valley Racecourse Voting Members Box under the venue sponsorship of The Hong Kong Jockey Club. Nearly 100 senior management representatives from various business sectors and organisations attended this event.
Held one year after the HKEX implemented its tightened requirements and during which many listed companies issued their first ESG report in compliance, the Seminar aimed to provide a multi-perspective review on ESG reporting and suggest the way forward. CCA and CCIL are delighted to have invited expert speakers at the forefront of ESG evaluation and analysis to share their views and observations on various key issues, ranging from credit rating, investor interest, areas of civil concern to report quality and possible areas of ESG performance enhancement.
Speaking on "ESG Reporting Landscape: Challenges and Opportunities for HK Listed Companies", Ms Chloe Mok, Director of Sustainability Services at CCA, gave an in-depth review based on her rich experience in ESG advisory on the most challenging aspects and the deficits that many listed companies might have encountered during their ESG reporting process. Mr Johnnie Yung, Former Director & Head of Asia Ex-Japan Beta Strategies Portfolio Manager at BlackRock, spoke from the angle of a portfolio manager in his presentation entitled "How Fund Managers evaluate ESG issues in Investment Decisions?" He pointed out that ESG asset has been growing fast in the US and Europe in recent years and ESG factors are being closely scrutinized by fund managers.
Addressing the Seminar on "The Growing Significance of ESG issues in Corporate Rating", Mr Ivan Chung, Associate Managing Director & Head of Greater China Credit Research & Analysis, Moody's Investors Service, told the audience how ESG performance is being incorporated into credit ratings and research these days. Ms Kalina Tsang, Head of Hong Kong, Macau & Taiwan Programme, Oxfam Hong Kong, presented the civil society's focus of concern in her address entitled "Evaluating and Monitoring ESG Reports : a Civil Society Perspective". Oxfam HK has always been advocating for higher reporting standards to be imposed by the HKEX on ESG reporting and urging for greater ESG / CSR performances and commitments by listed companies. Oxfam's Hang Seng Index ESG Survey is an annual rating exercise on fifty HSI constituents in this respect.
Alongside this Seminar, CarbonCare® Label 2017 was officially launched by Ir CM Lee, Chairman of CarbonCare InnoLab, in conjunction with Ir Albert Lai, CEO of CCA. The 2017 CarbonCare® Label series, with "ESG Disclosure x Sustainability Performance" as its theme, is designed to reflect the tightened requirements of the HK Stock Exchange in ESG reporting, and to prepare entities to embrace the emerging opportunities on their journey to sustainability. Organisations from all sectors including listed companies, SMEs, public bodies and NGOs are welcome to submit their applications for the CarbonCare® Label, CarbonCare® Action Label and the CarbonCare® ESG Label before 31 Oct, 2017.


text:
William A. Seiter (* 10. Juni 1890 in New York City; † 26. Juli 1964 in Beverly Hills, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Filmregisseur. Bekannt wurde er vor allem als Regisseur von Komödien wie Die Wüstensöhne (1933), Roberta (1935), Zimmerdienst (1938) und Du warst nie berückender (1942).

Leben und Karriere
William A. Seiter kam als Cowboy-Stuntman nach Hollywood. Bereits 1915 drehte er seinen ersten Stummfilm. Später entwickelte er sich zu einem der erfolgreichsten Komödienregisseure, der mit zahlreichen Comedy-Größen der 1930er und 1940er Jahre zusammenarbeitete. Bis einschließlich 1960 war er an mehr als 140 Film- und Fernsehproduktionen beteiligt.

Der Regisseur war von 1926 bis 1934 mit der Stummfilmschauspielerin Laura La Plante verheiratet. Nach der Scheidung von La Plante heiratete er Marian Nixon, die ebenfalls eine erfolgreiche Filmschauspielerin war. Sie waren bis zu seinem Tod 1964 30 Jahre verheiratet. Ihr Enkelsohn ist der Drehbuchautor Ted Griffin, der für Steven Soderbergh das Drehbuch zu Ocean's Eleven schrieb. 1960 wurde er mit einem Stern auf dem Hollywood Walk of Fame geehrt.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Weblinks

Filmregisseur
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1890
Gestorben 1964
Mann