The tiny, innocuous fruit fly has been a subject of research for more than a century, and is discussed in upwards of 100,000 scientific publications. Its surprising parallels with humans—the fruit fly has a beating heart, a brain, and other organs comparable to our own; exhibits complex behaviors including sleep and aggression; and slows down with age—have made it an ideal subject for research that's furthered our understanding of biology, health, and disease. In First in Fly: Drosophila Research and Biological Discovery, Stephanie Elizabeth Mohr celebrates the power and importance of curiosity-driven pure research conducted with fruit flies, providing historic and contemporary examples of the profound knowledge such work has afforded. After First in Fly, readers will have a new appreciation for the beauty of the fruit fly, and the common genetic threads that connect us to other creatures. And yet, for many of us, that recognition won't likely dislodge the lived experience of the fruit fly as a miraculously multiplying kitchen nuisance. For that, Mohr offers up the flytrap described below.
Although researchers take great care to contain fruit flies in a lab setting, some inevitably get free, and once free, the flies will follow enticing scents to places they are unwelcome, such as a lunchroom or a yeast research lab. Drosophila researchers are not likely to bring insecticides into the lab—we are for the most part trying very hard to keep fruit flies alive, after all, so that we can perform genetic crosses and do other types of studies. But even the most dedicated fly researchers recognize that rogue flies can be a nuisance. We have developed an effective strategy for capturing flies that have escaped from their culture vials: we place simple flytraps in strategic locations around the lab. The same approach can be used in a home to get rid of an unwanted infestation or to collect wild flies for study. In the 2014 BioSCAN project, volunteers in Los Angeles, California, placed flytraps in their backyards as part of a species survey. These backyard collections led to identification of several new species of phorid flies, as well as the observation that Drosophila flavohirta, a species not previously found in the Americas, has taken up residence in Los Angeles.
To make a trap, first gather the following: an empty bottle, a rubber band or tape, and a tablespoon of something attractive to the flies, such as fruit juice, cider, champagne, wine, red wine vinegar, mushy banana, tired grapes, or overripe mango. The materials should be assembled as shown, then placed in areas frequented by the flies. The paper cone or a similar cover with a single small opening is essential: an open jar constitutes a fly feeder rather than a flytrap. The opening in the paper cone or cover should be just large enough for the small flies to fit through. Flies will be attracted by the bait and enter the chamber. Once inside, they are unlikely to try to escape, and even if they try, it will be next to impossible for them to find the tiny hole through which they entered.
This is a live trap method. To get rid of the flies, seal and throw away the trap within a few days. If forgotten, the trap is likely to become the birthplace of a next generation of flies. Before tossing the trap out, the curious might examine the flies to determine what species of flies were caught and whether they have unusual or interesting attributes. Should you decide to culture the flies, sliced bananas with a sprinkle of baker's yeast should suffice as a food source, and a piece of cloth secured with a rubber band or a plug of cotton can be used to stopper the top without depriving the flies of oxygen. Be careful not to let the food dry out or expose the flies to prolonged heat or cold. To anesthetize the flies for close examination, place the trap on ice for five to ten minutes. If the food is very mushy, put the trap on its side, so the anesthetized flies do not get stuck in the food, or use a funnel to transfer the flies to an empty bottle before placing them on ice. A small paintbrush, makeup brush, or crab pick can be used as a pusher, and a magnifying glass, macro lens attachment on a camera, or smartphone-compatible microscope can help you inspect your flies closely. Further information, including food recipes and video demonstrations, can be found online. Who knows? Isolation of a spontaneous mutation, observation of an interesting behavior, or some other chance finding might launch a groundbreaking study.
You can read more about First in Fly at the Atlantic.
Can We See Life Out There?
In Life through Time and Space, Wallace Arthur brings together the latest discoveries in biology and astronomy to examine our deepest questions about where we came from, where we are going, and whether we are alone in the cosmos. The answer to that last question is almost certainly negative, but, below, Arthur addresses a slightly different puzzle: life is probably out there—but can we see it?
For sure it's there. The odds of it not being there are negligible. By "there" I mean somewhere in our home galaxy, the Milky Way. But can we see it? Strange question perhaps, since the obvious answer would appear to be "no." But it's always worth poking under the skin of seemingly obvious answers. And sometimes the first step in this poking process is refining the question.
One version of our question here is "do any of the stars we can see with the unaided eye have inhabited planets?" The likely answer to this version is "yes." This positive answer is yielded by doing a few exceedingly simple sums. To a rough approximation, we can see about 10,000 stars from a dark sky location. Well, that's for folk with really good eyesight. But even for others, like me, the answer is still in the thousands. The proportion of those stars that have planets orbiting them is probably well over 90%, based on exoplanet searches to date. And most of those stars will have multiple planets, not just one. Last month, the first 8-planet system other than our own was discovered, when an extra planet was found orbiting the star Kepler-90.
If the average number of planets per star is 5 (though it's probably higher) then we can see the host stars of about 50,000 planets. That's great, but now we need to guestimate what fraction of these have life. If we use our own solar system as a yardstick, the answer is 1⁄8th, which works out at 6250. But that's probably too high. To err on the cautious side let's assume that our initial answer was out by an order of magnitude in the wrong direction. In this case the right answer is 625. And if we want to be really cautious we could go with two orders of magnitude, in which case the right answer is still over 60. Could it in fact be zero? Well, yes, but that's really not likely. So in one sense we can see the home of alien life, but only in the sense of its host star rather than its host planet.
Another version of the question with which we started is: can we see life from other planetary systems because it has come to see us? The probable answer to this question—at least in my view—is "no." However, our recent visit from the elongated interstellar object called 'Oumuamua might make us think again. I wouldn't urge belief in the accuracy of all those YouTube depictions that see it as an alien spacecraft disguised as a long thin rock. But then again, no one has come up with a convincing explanation of how a natural object in space comes to be approximately cylindrical. In our own system there are more than a million asteroids. Not one of them, as far as we know, is of this shape.
A third version of the question emerged from discussion at the end of a talk I gave at a famous second-hand bookshop—Barter Books—in the ancient English town of Alnwick, a talk that was tied in with the launch of Life through Time and Space. A member of the audience took issue with my carbon chauvinism, but not in the usual way, by proposing silicon-based life. Rather, he asked if it might be possible for life to be made of dark matter. What a fascinating question!
My gut feeling is that such a form of life isn't possible. But just supposing that it is—this would mean that we couldn't see it even if it landed here on Earth. Of course, we can't go too far with this line of thought because we don't yet know what dark matter is made of; we just know that MACHOs are less likely than WIMPs. Nevertheless, the vast majority of matter in our galaxy is dark, not light, so we shouldn't altogether ignore it.
So, to summarize: We can see the home stars of as-yet undiscovered life. And we can see a very odd-shaped interstellar visitor, but it's probably uninhabited. We can't see any DML (to coin a new acronym) if it exists, even if it's currently sitting just across the table. What will change in the next decade or so? One distinct possibility is that we will see the signatures of life in exoplanet atmospheres. Here's a specific hypothesis: we will first see such signatures in the year 2030. This, like all good hypotheses, is ultimately testable—but it won't be so until December 31st 2030, or, more realistically to allow for data analysis, early in the year 2031.
Russia's energy wealth has long been the main pillar of the country's economy, but what's the long-term future of that financial security in a world that is gradually moving toward decarbonization? Thane Gustafson, whose Wheel of Fortune: The Battle for Oil and Power in Russia we recently released in a paperback edition, addressed that question earlier this fall when he delivered the Chatham House's Annual Russia Lecture. The text of his address is below.
The last time I had the honor of giving a speech here at Chatham House was thirteen years ago, in 2004. The talk was entitled "The Russian Oil Miracle." Five years before, after sinking to a low point equal to about half of the Soviet-era record of 1988, Russian oil production had abruptly turned around, and between 1999 and 2004, it had regained much of the lost ground. During those years, Russia accounted for all of the net addition of crude to world oil supply.
What we could not see at the time, however, was that 2004 was the last of the miracle years, which were essentially based on capturing the "Soviet dividend." By 2004 much of the Soviet dividend had been extracted, and while Russian oil production has continued to grow steadily since then, progress has been very gradual, and every year the net increase in production is far outstripped by the volume of drilling required to produce it, as each year's production must overcome the built-in decline rate of existing fields as well as the diminishing returns from new ones. The Russian oil industry is very much in the position of an athlete that is running uphill against a slope that is steadily growing steeper.
But it is not my purpose today to deliver an update of the Russian Oil Miracle, but rather, to ask a very different sort of question, reflecting the revolutionary changes that have taken place in the world of energy, and especially in our perceptions of it, in just a decade-and-a-half, and to reflect with you on the implications of these changes for Russia as an energy producer and as—I think we can fairly use the term—a "petro-state." Namely—what happens to Russia as an energy superpower as global demand for oil approaches a peak?
Trying to predict the future of Russian energy, and indeed of Russia itself, is like predicting climate change. And here I'm not talking about Mark Twain's famous wisecrack that "everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it." Rather, what I mean is the classic difficulty in any conversation about climate change—namely, that of distinguishing between long-term cycles and near-term ones, or, to put it another way, between signal and noise. Rising ocean levels are signal, whereas last year's winter temperatures in Washington are noise.
The cycle of peak and trough in global commodity prices will continue—that is what commodities do—and since oil markets are increasingly globalized and commoditized, the same cyclical pattern will govern oil prices as well—and gas too, by the way, as liquefied natural gas (LNG) increasingly turns gas into a globally traded commodity.
And with each downturn—possibly at more frequent intervals in the future than in the past, but roughly once every decade—Russia will be thrown into recession, although with improved macroeconomic management (as in the last downturn) the extent of the decline may be cushioned. Conversely, as Alexei Kudrin has been warning for a decade, the stimulative effect of each upswing in oil prices will also be smaller each time, as the dependence of the Russian state budget on oil revenues increases.
Earlier this month, the New York City medical examiner's office positively identified the remains of a man killed in the 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center—the first positive identification in over two years. Below, Jay Aronson, author of Who Owns the Dead? The Science and Politics of Death at Ground Zero, considers some of the questions raised by the open-ended effort to identify the dead.
The recent identification of the 1641st victim of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attacks highlights both the continuing development of DNA profiling technology and the ongoing commitment of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) to endeavor to identify the remains of 9/11 victims. Before this, the most recent identification occurred in March 2015 when 26-year-old Fiduciary Trust employee Matthew David Yarnell was identified using newly available testing methods.
In Who Owns the Dead? I chronicle the efforts of scientists, construction workers, politicians, and uniformed service personnel to recover and identify the remains of the victims of the World Trade Center attacks. The identification of Yarnell and the most recent victim are the fruits of a promise made by Medical Examiner Charles Hirsch that his office would never end its efforts to identify the missing.
Despite these recent successes, Who Owns the Dead? suggests that the promise was problematic at a variety of levels, not least of which that it means that the events of 9/11 can never be fully put to rest and that unidentified remains of victims will be in a permanent state of limbo—neither buried in marked individual graves nor interred in a collective mass grave. Instead, they are housed in the Medical Examiner's repository seven stories below ground behind a wall of the National 9/11 Museum.
Identifications like Yarnell's and the one that just occurred will likely continue sporadically over the next few decades as DNA extraction technology continues to improve and profiling techniques become ever more sensitive. This will also likely become the norm for future mass disasters in which identification programs are declared open-ended.
One question that needs to be answered, then, is what impact these long-delayed identifications have on families and communities. Do they bring solace and relief after so many years? Are outcomes for families that receive remains years or decades after death different in any way from those of families that receive them early on, or not all? Is the lingering hope that an identification may occur in the future healthy or unhealthy for families that do not receive remains? In cases where families receive partial remains, what are the effects of being informed of the identification of additional remains years later? And, more controversially, whatever the answer to these questions, might the resources expended on extended identification projects be used more helpfully in other ways?
These are questions that must be analyzed empirically by psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, ethicists, historians, and forensic scientists. We must not assume that we already know the answers.
Aronson recently spoke with the University of Pittsburgh Humanities Center's Being Human podcast about his work; you can listen to that conversation via the player below.
In Ripples in Spacetime: Einstein, Gravitational Waves, and the Future of Astronomy, internationally-acclaimed science writer Govert Schilling takes us through a century of scientific adventures to one of the biggest discoveries of history: the September 2015 detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Gravitational waves are produced by some of the most large-scale objects and cataclysmic events in the universe, associated with supermassive black holes, pulsars, colliding galaxies, and the Big Bang itself. There's already a great deal known about how gravitational waves are produced—efforts to detect them have been ongoing since the 1960s—and further detections made with ever more sensitive equipment will provide astronomers with a completely new way of studying the violent universe, perhaps helping physicists finally solve a number of persistent uncertainties about spacetime.
In the video below, Schilling introduces Ripples in Spacetime.
Spring has arrived, and with it, daylight saving time. As the clocks go forward an hour in the UK, as they did earlier this month in the US, we're taking a look at how Greenwich became the home of time. A new book by Geographer Royal for Scotland, Professor Charles Withers, asks the question, how did the prime meridian, a singular world-ruling feature, come to be sited in southeast London? Why was it chosen over Washington, Paris, or Beijing? The passage below, excerpted from the prologue of Zero Degrees: Geographies of the Prime Meridian, explains how the choice of Greenwich to mark 0° longitude would go on to solve complex problems of global measurement that had engaged geographers, astronomers, and mariners since ancient times.
His appeal for a uniform base of measurement was rooted in personal experience. Born in 1817 in Poole, England, William Parker Snow was a sailor, an author, a sometime Patagonian colonist, a historian of the American Civil War, and, important to his own self-image, a veteran of Arctic exploration. He was also reputed to be psychic and lived, as one contemporary remarked, "on the edge of the Fourth Dimension." Parker Snow's supposed otherworldly powers, revealed in a dream in January 1850, convinced him (but few others) of the location of the ill-fated Franklin expedition that was lost in the Arctic in 1847–1848. As a young man, Parker Snow had himself nearly perished at sea during a storm when his vessel had a close encounter with another ship that had derived its mid-ocean position and course from an initial meridian different from his own.
The big-budget Hollywood take on the 2010 explosion of the offshore drilling rig known as Deepwater Horizon opens today. Directed by Peter Berg and featuring Mark Wahlberg, the film arrives as a star-driven disaster movie, suspensefully depicting events that included the deaths of eleven men, the destruction of a half-billion-dollar drilling platform, and the worst human-made ecological disaster in Gulf Coast history.
As is frequently the case with big productions, where the film ended up isn't where it was always headed, and initial director J. C. Chandor had a different vision for the story before being replaced over "creative differences" with the studio. Chandor's plan was apparently to tell the story from the perspective of "everyone that was on the rig," with an ensemble cast of over one hundred people. It's worth noting that, according to a new analysis of the disaster by two senior systems engineers, Chandor's version was on the right track.
A system is a collection of components developed more or less independently—plus the people who operate them. Two things make it a system: it has an intended purpose, and it exhibits what systems engineers call emergent properties. An emergent property is something that arises from the interaction between components rather than from the behavior of a single one. Emergent properties are things like safety, security, and reliability. They are typically important and hard to quantify.
Emergent properties suggest the possibility of emergent events: events that result from a combination of decisions, actions, and attributes of a system's components, rather than from a single act or from the failure of a single piece of equipment. The Horizon disaster was the very model of an emergent event.
Jay D. Aronson's Who Owns the Dead? tells the story of the recovery, identification, and memorialization of those killed in the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. The assault came at just the moment in history when large-scale DNA identification efforts were becoming possible, and innovations in biotechnology and forensic science led NYC's Chief Medical Examiner to pledge the identification and return of all human remains discovered in the wreckage of Ground Zero. This massive and monumentally difficult task—the largest and most costly forensic investigation in history—was undertaken not just for the victims' families, but also for a range of social, cultural, and political reasons that have contributed to fifteen years of contention and debate both within the community of families and between families and officials responsible for finding, identifying, and memorializing the dead.
In interweaving the forensic identification effort with the vexed planning for the 9/11 Memorial and Museum, Aronson demonstrates America's struggle with the fraught composite of private and public grief that's regularly visited upon other parts of the world. His book's closing thoughts are below.
On the evening before the National September 11 Memorial and Museum formally opened to the public, donors and corporate supporters were fêted with a cocktail party to recognize their contributions to making the museum possible. For relatives who had labored tirelessly to ensure the creation of a museum that honored the memory of their loved ones, the party was a culmination of more than a decade of advocacy and planning. For relatives who opposed the museum plans and had worked so hard to bring victims' remains above ground, the party was an outrage. The event added to their sense that the people who planned and financed the memorial and museum were more concerned about their own legacies than the feelings of those who lost family and friends on September 11. The dead, it seemed to some, belonged first and foremost to the powerful.
Thus, in the end, the situation appears to be stuck in a web of competing interests and viewpoints. One can imagine many different outcomes, but there is no simple solution to the storage of the remains of World Trade Center victims that will satisfy every one. Sites similar to the National 9/11 Memorial and Museum—Srebrenica, Auschwitz, Gettysburg, Hiroshima—did not have to weigh the need to memorialize against the need to redevelop and revitalize the surroundings in the stark terms that confronted the stakeholders at the World Trade Center site. While dissenting families offered alternative locations for the storage of remains, the city dismissed them as being impractical.


Chinese rich people put their money in foreign real estate, sending Canadian real estate prices ballistic, for example.
But it now appears than even median income people (who cannot access the fancy banking services needed to purchase million-dollar real estate abroad) have found the their cheap way around government regulation and intervention.
This is living proof of what we were saying in previous posts: the growing government intervention and manipulation of the economy is one of the huge tailwinds that will push Bitcoin to new heights.
And it is not speculation: this is exactly the value the digital currency have to offer to the market: the ability to escape the banking sector and to store value outside fiat currency systems, therefore allowing people to safeguard their money from government driven devaluation.
Stay in touch with the cryptoinvesting community!
I think this rise that we are watching in these days is correlated with the imminent bitcoin halving.
So, chinese miners pump the price to sell year production in advance.
Yeah, well, that's the alternate view circulating in the crypto-community. I think we tend to overvalue halving because in our small world halving is such a big topic. Anyway early this year Bitcoin already broke the $ 500 mark, and that happened when Chinese government tightened capital controls. It can really be either way, but I strongly believe the these are the first shots in the global money flight to crypto! It's great having you with us.


The disastrous and lethal fire at the Station in Warwick, Rhode Island, last February shocked the nation. Ninety-nine patrons died after heavy metal rockers Great White set off onstage pyrotechnics that ignited a fire that, within minutes, engulfed the small club. The fire also made many in the installed sound and lighting industries sit up and take notice in a way that previous tragedies haven't. The Station was not an urban disco operating on the fringe of the codes, like the Happyland Social Club in New York was when an arson blaze there killed 87 in 1990, or Club Puerto Rico in Manhattan, where 25 perished nearly a quarter-century earlier. It wasn't a Titanic-like anomaly, like the fire that killed 165 people in the upscale Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate, Kentucky, in 1977. Rather, the Station was one of thousands of one-room venues throughout the United States, small neighborhood music halls where a mix of ages and incomes gather nightly to hear music and have a few hours of high-decibel relief from reality. It was the bread-and-butter kind of place for local sound system installers and equipment retailers for whom Madison Square Garden happens once in a lifetime or never at all. The Station fire was also notable in that the fuel for the inferno was specifically identified as a product that those in the business use daily: foam intended for sound dampening.
The egg-crate-pocked polyurethane foam that the Station's owners allegedly installed in response to noise complaints had two fatal flaws. According to published reports during the initial investigations, the foam was of the nonarchitectural type, not designed for acoustical applications and useless at stopping the major source of noise complaints about clubs, which is bass, and was chosen on the basis of cost, not effectiveness. Secondly, it was not installed by anyone with significant experience in acoustics. At a time when the economy is down and everyone is looking to trim overhead, professionals start to look too pricey to many venues. The trouble is the cost of not using one could be higher than ever imagined.
Malekpour and other equipment retailers and system installers often ask buyers what types of applications the equipment they're purchasing is going to be used for to help them choose the best products for the purpose. Fire rating is one of the criteria he tries to stay aware of. "But you're competing with ads in the back of magazines for $99 foam products that someone gets through mail order," he says. "Contractors have to be aware of how the material they install will affect things like safety. But we can't help anyone if they never come to us in the first place." Unlike a new construction installation, which would have required an architect and periodic visits from codes inspectors, the implementation of foam in the club was likely viewed as one would a coat of paint. Ironically, it was probably just about as effective as paint in curing the problem it was intended to. "I doubt it had any meaningful effect in terms of soundproofing anyway," he says. More ironic, and sadder, is the fact that the club had been inspected several times in the three years since the foam had been installed in 2000. Yet according to the Associated Press, in 60 pages of documentation by inspectors during that time, not one mention of the foam was noted, apparently missed by fire and building codes inspectors. In the same AP report, the club's stage manager and sound engineer, Paul Vanner, said the foam had been there since 2000. Kathleen Hagerty, the attorney who represents the club's owners, told the AP that her clients had no idea the material was dangerous and didn't know the foam was made of polyurethane. Aram DerManouelian, president of American Foam Corp., which allegedly sold the foam to the club, had been quoted in earlier reports as saying that the club bought the cheapest material available and that the company only sold foam designed for packaging.
Fire ratings for materials are somewhat arcane; Noxon says the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) offers classification based on types of material and ratings of their flammability and smoke-emission characteristics. "You want a product that doesn't combust explosively and that puts out minimal smoke," he says.
He suggests that sound system installers considering acoustical materials take samples of them and subject them to a blowtorch, checking for characteristics such as dripping globules of flaming material. In a published report, Don Bliss, the New Hampshire fire marshal and president of the National Association of State Fire Marshals, agreed, saying that assessing materials sometimes requires holding a small sample to an open flame. "It's an important part of any inspection," Bliss says.
Noxon suggests another strategy that could have averted disaster. "If you want to reduce a material's flammability, put it behind a metal screen," he says. Two or three layers of tightly meshed window screens covering material of the type used in the Station would have acted as a mechanical bumper to the flames while allowing the foam to provide some high-frequency absorption. The mesh could also have deflected the path of the projectile that ignited the flames in the first place.
Could any sound-conditioning material have withstood a direct hit by a pyrotechnic device? "I wonder that myself now," says Noxon, who says he would add exposing his company's products to devices such as road flares and sparklers to check their durability.
Installers can take other steps to minimize fire potential in installations, including running wire in conduit between amplifier and speaker. Dan Agne, partner in Sound Investment Audio and a sound system designer for clubs such as Crobar in Miami and New York and Sonoteque in Chicago, says his designs incorporate automation linking audio mixers and fire alarms. "If the alarm system goes off, it triggers a voltage signal that mutes the audio and turns off the [dance] lighting after they've properly cooled down," he says. Casey says Rane's MP-44 DJ mixer will mute its output by 50 dB automatically when linked to a fire alarm system and leave just one specified mic input available so a DJ or club manager can find and use it quickly to alert patrons how to safely exit a building in an emergency.
Contractors and installers can also go to the Web site for the National Fire Protection Association (www.nfpa.org). It has been updated since the Warwick fire and offers documents for sale, including one on assembly occupancy environments.
Dan Daley is a veteran freelance journalist and author, specializing in media and entertainment technology and business sectors. He can be reached at danwriter@aol.com.
Because most acoustic foam sound treatment materials are made from polymer-based products, flammability is always an issue. Several of the well-known agencies and associations can provide a significant amount of information relevant to testing and rating the flammability of most materials, including the type of foams used for acoustical treatment. Among those are Underwriters Laboratories (UL; www.ul.com), the National Fire Protection Agency (www.nfpa.org), and the ASTM International (www.astm.org). One of the best-known preselection test programs conducted on plastic materials to measure flammability characteristics is described in UL 94, "The Standard for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances," which is now harmonized with IEC 60707, 60695-11-10 and 60695-11-20, and ISO 9772 and 9773. This test determines the material's tendency either to extinguish or to spread the flame once the specimen has been ignited. There are 12 flame classifications specified in UL 94 that are assigned to materials based on the results of these small-scale flame tests. These classifications are used to distinguish a material's burning characteristics after test specimens have been exposed to a specified test flame under controlled laboratory conditions. Three of the classifications specifically relate to low-density foam materials commonly used in fabricating speaker grilles and sound-deadening material (HF-1, HF-2, HBF).
Polyurethane. Polyurethane (ether) is the egg-crate foam that was used to sound-insulate the Station. It is most often used as packaging material. Common, untreated polyurethane is not fire rated and should not be used as sound treatment material under any circumstances.
Flame-retardant polyurethane. Polyurethane foam can be treated with a fire retardant to increase its resistance to flammability. It will flame, but the fire retardant helps extinguish the flames as it burns. However, it is considered combustible to the point that it presents a fire hazard and would require a sprinkler system.
Melamine. Melamine was developed as a less flammable alternative to polyurethane. It is also more temperature and chemical resistant. It is important to note the flame-retardant properties of melamine. Melamine has been around for almost 170 years but was used only in commercial products beginning on the 1930s. Many acoustic treatment materials are available from several manufacturers in tile made from this chemical compound. It is significantly more flame retardant than polyurethane, with typical flame spread indices as low as 2.5 (compared with 95 for a similar polyurethane-based panel). It will not flame and turns to ash when exposed to flame. Because of its limited combustibility, it doesn't require fire protection such as sprinklers.
Willtec. Several companies offer a Sonex-type product made from willtec, which is another highly fire-resistant synthetic material that has a flame spread index of 5.
The flammability of panels made from any of the previously mentioned materials will be altered by painting or use of adhesives to mount them to wall or ceiling surfaces.


text:
Spain's Garzón acquitted for investigation of Franco-era crimes
Alejandro López, Chris Marsden
The Supreme Court's decision to acquit Baltasar Garzón of misconduct for launching an investigation into the crimes committed under Gen. Francisco Franco's fascist regime represents a tactical retreat by Spain's ruling elite in the face of popular hostility to his prosecution.
However, claims that the ruling has somehow restored the reputation of the Spanish judicial system should be rejected with contempt.
Justice Minister Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jiménez stated that the court's ruling was proof that "there is a strong and independent judiciary" in Spain. "None of the criticism against the Supreme Court, in my view unjustified, has made it lose its prestige in the eyes of Spanish citizens."
Nothing could be further from the truth. It is in an attempt to restore the lost prestige of the judiciary—and to call off a politically damaging prosecution—that the Popular Party (PP) government offers this endorsement of the Supreme Court's decision. The aim, as always, is to continue covering up the crimes of fascism and prevent a political reckoning with the perpetrators of these crimes and their heirs.
In 2008, Garzón opened the first investigation of those responsible for the military coup of July 17, 1936, examining the disappearances of 114,266 people, as well as indicting Franco, 44 former generals and ministers, and 10 members of the Falange party. He then ordered the exhumation of 19 unmarked mass graves.
For this he was accused of perverting the course of justice and breaking the amnesty law, passed in 1977, exempting everyone who committed any offence for political reasons prior to this date of responsibility.
From the very beginning, the Supreme Court used all means available to stop Garzón. On November 17, 2008, he agreed to drop his investigation after state prosecutors questioned his jurisdiction.
This did not placate his opponents, however. The right wing wanted his scalp. In 2010, the Supreme Court declared admissible three criminal cases against Garzón, one accusing him of accepting a bribe, which was later dropped, one for breaching the amnesty law brought by the Falange and the rightist trade union, Manos Limpias, and one for ordering illegal wiretaps in the infamous Gürtel corruption case involving the PP.
However, with thousands demonstrating in support of Garzón, it soon became clear just why the Spanish bourgeoisie had needed and still needed the "Pact of Forgetting".
The Supreme Court clearly calculated that to have conducted an extensive trial against a Spanish judge for investigating mass murder by the previous regime in the name of preserving the sanctity of these constitutional arrangements would have backfired. They therefore set out to defuse a potentially dangerous situation.
With Garzón barred from holding office for 11 years on February 9, in relation to the Gürtel case, the decision was taken to acquit him Monday regarding a breach of the amnesty law. But the judges, in a six-to-one verdict, did so on a technicality, while unequivocally defending the law.
Garzón had "misinterpreted Spanish law but did not knowingly and arbitrarily violate the limits of his jurisdiction," they decreed.
The crimes committed under fascism—murders, forced disappearances, rape, torture, slavery, etc.—"have far surpassed the time frame established in the penal code," the Supreme Court stressed. The "right to know the historical truth is not part of the criminal process."
The court's ruling declares, "It should be noted that the Amnesty Law was enacted with the full consensus of political forces in the constituent period that emerged from the democratic elections in 1977."
The law was "the result of a clear and patent claim of the political forces ideologically opposed to Francoism" incorporating "other positions, left and centre and even right."
It was "deemed necessary and indispensable in the operation carried out to dismantle the framework of the Franco regime...no judge or court, in any way, can call into question the legitimacy of this process."
The "national reconciliation," it asserts, was achieved in part thanks to the amnesty law that prevented "two Spains facing each other." This was "the will of the Spanish people."
The amnesty law had nothing to do with the will of the people, who wanted nothing more than to make the fascists pay for their crimes. It was the will of the political representatives of the Spanish bourgeoisie, left and right, who were determined to restabilise capitalist rule in the turbulent days following Franco's death and the collapse of his regime.
Its chief political authors were the Communist Party, the Socialist Party (PSOE) and their trade unions, whose task was to prevent the development of a revolutionary confrontation at all costs—including forgiving those who had murdered many of their compatriots.
Even so, for the Wall Street Journal, the verdict did not go far enough. Garzón should have been punished for "abusing the law," and the decision not to do so is described as "a troubling blow to the 1977 amnesty covering the bloody misdeeds of Spain's authoritarian period—the deliberate 'forgetting' of the past to which contemporary Spain owes so much."
The WSJ attacks Garzón for "overturning the considered judgment of the founders of Spain's democracy on how the country should make peace with its past."
It ends by defending the amnesty because it ensured that "the sins of the guilty do not engender new strife among the innocents, and that those sins are not exploited for political gain."
On the contrary: It is the ruling elite that "owes so much" to the amnesty agreed on by the Stalinists and social democrats. It is entirely necessary and correct that the "sins of the past" should "engender new strife" and be "exploited for political gain" by the victims of these crimes. The amnesty law protects only the guilty and allows their sons and daughters and their children also to posture as democrats while enjoying fully the ill-gotten wealth and privilege handed down to them.
Thanks to the betrayal of the revolutionary strivings of the working class, the fascists retained their positions of power, with former ministers and advisers of Franco forming the PP that now rules the country and drives millions of people into desperate poverty through its austerity measures.
EuropeWorld NewsSouthern EuropeSpain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Chevy Classics State Rep program is designed to extend our services and to provide local representation to Members and Chapters alike. We are a member-driven organization dedicated to preserving the auto enthusiast hobby by recognizing and rewarding our members and the cars they build and own. By establishing close ties with the members, State Reps form a permanent bond with Chevy Classics members, and provide a critical communication channel that allows us to develop the types of products and services our members want. As our organization continues to grow, maintaining this personal contact is more important than ever.
There are separate State Reps for Chevy Classics. Although each Rep is responsible for their respective club we encourage cross promotion, whenever the situation may arise. Both clubs share many common themes, events, and even members!
-Become personally acquainted with members and learn their particular needs.
-Correct problems that may arise in a timely manner, and give feedback to Chevy Classics.
-Sign up new members, and start Local Chapter(s) in your area.
-Work with existing Local Chapters, to help them in every way possible.
-Help local members technically, and report to Chevy Classics of needed technical help.
-Promote Chevy Classics and local Chapters at car shows, swap meets and other events.
-Meet local Chevy dealerships and foster sponsorship opportunities for Chapters.
-Find members who are "specialists" in various fields to support local members.
-Become knowledgeable of state laws, or proposals, that could effect our hobby.
-Become knowledgeable of requirements to meet "antique" status for license tags.
-Contact, and keep in touch with, "salvage" yards, to learn of available parts.
-Encourage interaction between Members, and Local Chapters in your state.
-Find "key" people and helpers in your area, to help your Chapters and members.
-Attend the national shows, and the International convention, as often as possible.
-Go above and beyond this list with your own ideas, goals, and achievements.
-State Reps will be appointed for a 2-year renewable term.
State Reps are volunteer positions and become open on a space-available basis only. If you are interested in becoming a State Rep please submit your request using the mini application below. If there is space available we will send you a complete package including a State Rep Handbook and a detailed Application. Thank You for your Interest!
How would you categorize yourself within the auto enthusiast hobby?
What Camaro/Chevy are you most acquainted with?
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text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE in the project root for license information.

using UnityEditor;
using UnityEngine;

namespace HoloToolkit.Unity
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Helper class for custom material editors
    /// </summary>
    public static class CustomMaterialEditor
    {
        public static Rect TextureWithToggleableColorSingleLine
        (
            MaterialEditor matEditor,
            GUIContent label,
            MaterialProperty textureProp,
            MaterialProperty colorToggleProp,
            MaterialProperty colorProp
        )
        {
            var lineRect = GetControlRectForSingleLine();
            var controlRect = lineRect;

            //TexturePropertyMiniThumbnail handles begin and end animation checks
            matEditor.TexturePropertyMiniThumbnail(lineRect, textureProp, label.text, label.tooltip);

            controlRect.x += EditorGUIUtility.labelWidth;
            controlRect.width = EditorGUIUtility.fieldWidth;

            GUIContent toggleTooltip = new GUIContent();
            toggleTooltip.text = string.Empty;
            toggleTooltip.tooltip = "Enable/Disable color";

            //label indent of -1 is the secret sauce to make it aligned with right aligned toggles that come after labels
            //ShaderProperty handles begin and end animation checks
            matEditor.ShaderProperty(controlRect, colorToggleProp, toggleTooltip, -1);

            if (colorToggleProp.floatValue != 0.0f)
            {
                controlRect.x += EditorStyles.toggle.fixedWidth;
                controlRect.x += EditorStyles.toggle.padding.right;

                //size it to take up the remainder of the space
                controlRect.width = lineRect.width - controlRect.x;

                GUIContent tooltipOnly = new GUIContent();
                tooltipOnly.text = string.Empty;
                tooltipOnly.tooltip = label.tooltip;

                EditorGUI.showMixedValue = colorProp.hasMixedValue;
                EditorGUI.BeginChangeCheck();
                var color = EditorGUI.ColorField(controlRect, tooltipOnly, colorProp.colorValue);
                if (EditorGUI.EndChangeCheck())
                {
                    colorProp.colorValue = color;
                }
                EditorGUI.showMixedValue = false;
            }

            return lineRect;
        }

        public static void SetScaleOffsetKeywords
        (
            MaterialEditor matEditor,
            MaterialProperty textureProp,
            MaterialProperty scaleOffsetProp
        )
        {
            var texScaleOffset = scaleOffsetProp.vectorValue;
            bool usesScale = texScaleOffset.x != 1.0f || texScaleOffset.y != 1.0f;
            bool usesOffset = texScaleOffset.z != 0.0f || texScaleOffset.w != 0.0f;

            var mat = matEditor.target as Material;

            var scaleKeyword = textureProp.name + "_SCALE_ON";
            var offsetKeyword = textureProp.name + "_OFFSET_ON";

            ShaderGUIUtils.SetKeyword(mat, scaleKeyword, usesScale);
            ShaderGUIUtils.SetKeyword(mat, offsetKeyword, usesOffset);
        }

        public static Rect TextureWithToggleableColorAutoScaleOffsetSingleLine
        (
            MaterialEditor matEditor,
            GUIContent label,
            MaterialProperty textureProp,
            MaterialProperty colorToggleProp, MaterialProperty colorProp,
            MaterialProperty scaleOffsetProp
        )
        {
            var rect = CustomMaterialEditor.TextureWithToggleableColorSingleLine(matEditor, label, textureProp, colorToggleProp, colorProp);

            CustomMaterialEditor.SetScaleOffsetKeywords(matEditor, textureProp, scaleOffsetProp);

            return rect;
        }

        public static void TextureScaleOffsetVector4Property(MaterialEditor matEditor, GUIContent label, MaterialProperty scaleOffsetProp)
        {
            matEditor.BeginAnimatedCheck(GetControlRectForSingleLine(), scaleOffsetProp);

            EditorGUI.showMixedValue = scaleOffsetProp.hasMixedValue;
            EditorGUI.BeginChangeCheck();

            Vector4 scaleOffsetVector = scaleOffsetProp.vectorValue;

            Vector2 textureScale = new Vector2(scaleOffsetVector.x, scaleOffsetVector.y);
            textureScale = EditorGUILayout.Vector2Field(Styles.scale, textureScale, new GUILayoutOption[0]);

            Vector2 textureOffset = new Vector2(scaleOffsetVector.z, scaleOffsetVector.w);
            textureOffset = EditorGUILayout.Vector2Field(Styles.offset, textureOffset, new GUILayoutOption[0]);

            if (EditorGUI.EndChangeCheck())
            {
                scaleOffsetProp.vectorValue = new Vector4(textureScale.x, textureScale.y, textureOffset.x, textureOffset.y);
            }
            EditorGUI.showMixedValue = false;

            matEditor.EndAnimatedCheck();
        }

        public static Rect GetControlRectForSingleLine()
        {
            return EditorGUILayout.GetControlRect(true, 18f, EditorStyles.layerMaskField, new GUILayoutOption[0]);
        }

        private static class Styles
        {
            public static GUIContent scale = new GUIContent("Tiling", "Scale of texture - multiplied by texture coordinates from vertices");
            public static GUIContent offset = new GUIContent("Offset", "Offset of texture - added to texture coordinates from vertices");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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They cant feed themselves. Atleast not all the niggers in africa, which will lead to chimp-outs and the niggers will destroy farms.
I know many muslims. Most of them are just like niggers.
Yeah but most of the niggers arent traditionalist. Atleast muslims have enough dignity to stay in a good and healthy family.
Hit the women if she mocks you.
@NeroHills What kind of Christians are the best tho?
The ADL is only there to protect people from terrorism, goy.


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text:
Szepesi Imre (Léva, 1811. április 9. – Budapest, 1875. január 9.) piarista szerzetes, klasszika-filológus, egyetemi tanár, a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia levelező tagja (1858).

Élete
1826-ban belépett a piarista rendbe. Privigyén töltötte a próbaévet és mint próbaéves kezdte meg tanári pályáját 1827-1828-ban. Tanulmányai befejezése után, 1833-tól öt évig Kisszebenben volt tanár, majd Budára helyezték át. 1842-től mint a Vécsey báró fiúk nevelője felváltva Bécsben és Sárközön tartózkodott. Sárközön mértékletességi egyleteket alapított a túlzásba vitt pálinkaivás visszaszorítására. Miután befejezte a Vécsey-fiúk nevelését, 1848-tól a pesti piarista főgimnázium tanára, 1861 és 1864 között igazgatója volt. 1865-ban egyetemi magántanár, 1870-ben pedig a klasszika-filológia rendes tanára lett a pesti egyetemen. Az ifjúság zenei oktatásával is foglalkozott, tanítványa volt többek között Bignio Lajos, a híres énekes. A tanári pályán és irodalmi munkásságával szerzett pénzen szülővárosának, Lévának iskolát építtetett.

A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 1858. december 15-én levelező tagjának választotta. Választmányi tagja volt a Szent István- és a Szent László Társulatnak; 1870-ben a király aranyéremmel tüntette ki.

Cikkei megjelentek a pesti főgimnázium Tudósítványában (1856. De utilitate linguae graecae, et modo quo in ea colenda progrediendum, 1859., 1860. A hangemelés, lejtés és hangmegnyujtásról a görög nyelvben, 1861. A régiek véleménye a föld és ég alakjáról Herodot szerint, térképpel, 1862. A nyilvános isteni tisztelet helye a régieknél, 1863., 1864. Socrates életrajza); a Tanodai Lapokban (1858. Az énekről és az éneklés mivolta- és fejlődéséről), a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Értesítőjében (1870. A görög hangzók és kettős hangzók egykori kiejtéséről). Munkatársa volt az Egyetemes magyar encyclopaediának is.

Számos tankönyvet (Elemi hellen nyelvtan, Elemi latin nyelvtan, Elemi énektan), felköszöntő- és emlékbeszédeket, latin nyelvű ódákat írt. Munkáiból kiemelhető Jelen viszonyaink az óclassicai irodalomhoz című tanulmánya (Bécs, 1868).

Művei

 Egyházi beszédek, melyeket a mérsékegyletek ügyében tartott. Nagy-Károly, 1846.
 Elemi hellen nyelvtan. Gyakorlatilag előadva Kühner után. Első rész. Buda, 1850. (2. kiadás 1850. Ism. P. Napló 1851. 321. sz., M. Hirlap 1851. 437., 438. sz., 3. jav. és bőv. k. 1852. Uo. Szótan I. rész 4. jav. és bőv. kiadás 1856., 5. jav. k. 1860., 6. rövidített k. 1872. Ism. Pesti Napló 1852. 638., 639. sz. Mondattan 2. jav. k. 1853. Uo.).
 Elemi latin nyelvtan. Gyakorlatilag előadva Kühner után. Első rész (Szótan). Pest, 1850. (2. kiadás 1850., 4. k. 1853., 5. k. 1855., 6. k. 1861. Uo. 12. k. Bpest, 1874. II. rész. Mondatkötés. Pest, 1872. Átdolgozták Budavári József és Tóth György. Bpest, 1886., 1887., 1899. és Pfeifer Antal 1902.).
 Áhitat gyakorlatai imák és énekekben hangjegyekkel. Bécs. 1853. (2. kiadás. Pest, 1857. aczélm. 4. kiadás. Uo. 1869.).
 Tárgyalat a hőskölteményi szójárásról. Buda-Pest, 1854.
 Szívemelő és derítő énekek, Till Nándor által zongorára és több szerepre alkalmazva az énekelni és zenészni vágyó mindkét nembeli ifjúságnak. Pest, 1855. Öt füzet.
 Magyarországnak szűz Mária pártfogásábani ajánlása sz. István által. Zongora (orgona) kisérettel ellátva, 4 hangra alkalmazva. Uo. 1855.
 Elemi énektan gyakorlatilag előadva Peyscha P. által. Ford. Uo. 1856.
 Az ó-classicai irodalom előnyeiről a gymnasiumokban. Uo. 1860. (Különny. az Akadémiai Értesítőből).
 Értekezet a gymnasiumok jelen szerkezetéről. Uo. 1864.
 Emlékbeszéd az alapjából ujonnan épült pesti kegyes tanítórendi k. nagy-gymnasium ünnepélyes fölszentelésén. Uo. 1864.
 Háladal főtiszt. Purgstaller Kalazanti József kegyes tanítórend kormányzója tiszteletére. Uo. 1864.
 A Magyar Tudományos Akadémiának a nemzet által emelt új palotájában 1865. ápr. 24. tartott első gyűlése. (Sapphói oda). Uo.
 Ode ad Palatium Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae solemniter apertum. Tertio Idus Decembres. 1865. (Alkaei oda). Uo.
 Lessus Ill Dno Aemilio e Comitibus Dessewy de Csernek et Tarkő, Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Praesidi Anno 1866. Uo. Quarto Idus Januarias fatis functo. (Alkaei oda).
 Üdvhangok ő Méltóságaik gönczruszkai gróf Kornis Miklós és hajnácskői Vécsei Maria báró kisasszony boldog egybekelésének örömünnepére, 1866. máj. 28. (Sapphói oda). Uo.
 Ode honoribus Illustr. ac Rev. dni Ladislai Biró cathedralis Ecclesiae Szathmariensis Episcopi, quum munus suum solemmiter auspicaretur, XIV. Calendas Maias. 1867. Uo.
 Mélt. Zalka János győri püspök ünnepélyes beiktatására. (Sapphói óda). Uo.
 Mélt. Jékelfalusy Vincze székesfehérvári püspök ünnepélyes székfoglalására. (Latin alkaei óda). Uo.
 Carmen homoribus Cels. ac Rev. Joannis Simor... archi-episcopi... mense majo 1867. Uo.
 Mélt. Pankovics István ungvári egyesült görög püspök tiszteletére hason alkalommal. (Latin alkaei óda.) Uo.
 Nagymélt. Hajnald Lajos kalocsai érsek ünnepélyes székfoglalása alkalmából. (Latin alkaei óda). Uo.
 Ode ad Sacratissimam Majestatem Franciscum Josephum Austriae Imperatorem quum ritu solemni et stato Rex Hungarorum apostolicus Budae inauguraretur Sexto Idus Junias, 1867. Uo.
 Memoria praeteritorum XVIII. Saeculorum a glorioso Martyro SS. Apostolorum Petri et Pauli a Scholis Piis Provinciae Hungariae et Transilvaniae repetita. III. Calendas Julias 1867. (Alkaei óda). Uo.
 Ode piae memoriae SS. Petri et Pauli apostolorum a districtu literar. Budensi devotissime sacrata. III. Calendas Julias. 1867. Uo.
 Ode ad Reverendos Patres Ordinis Scholarum Piarum ad dandos magistratus in Concilio Trieterico Pestini congregatos XI Calendas Sept. 1867. Uo.
 Ode honoribus Magnifici Dni Fabrieis Báthory Caesareo-Regio Consiliarii Ministerialis rude donati. Calendas Oct. 1867. Uo.
 Ode honoribus Rev. ac Magn. Dni Aloysii Roder, metropolitanae ecclesiae Strigoniensis Canonici ad honores regiae ac celeberrimae Universitatis Pestiensis Rectoris, quum altissima gratia cathedralis ecclestae Magno-Varadinensis Canonicus et B. Mariae V. de Széplak ad honores Abbas benignissime nominaretur. XVIII. Calendas Dec. 1867. Uo.
 Vota pro felici partu Aug. Dnae Elisabethae, Hungarorum Reginae, coniugis suae maiestatis sacratissimae Francisci Josephi Austriae Imperatoris... a Scholis Piis. Pestini. Quinto Idus Apriles 1868. Uo.
 Genethliacon Seren Principi Austriae, Mariae-Valeriae... Dicatum a Scholis Piis. Pestini. X. Cal. Maias. 1868. Uo.
 Régibb és ujabb egyházi énekek négy szerepre kiadva. Hangjegyekkel. Uo. 1868.
 Jelen viszonyaink az ó-classikai irodalomhoz. Bécs, 1868. (Ezzel kapcsolatban: Ellenbírálatok Télfy János által a Nyelvtudományi Közlemények VI. köt. 1 füzetében 1867-ben közrebocsátott három latin ódája bírálatára).
 Virtutibus et piis meritis laude honore praemiae ornatis Musa Fidelis. Uo. 1870. (Latin költemények, néhány magyar hymnussal).
 Ode ad CC.RR. Ordinis Scholarum Piarum in Capitulo Provinciali Pestini congregatos. Sexto decimo cal Septembres. Pestini, 1870.
 Epinicium, de prospero consultationum successu, ad CC.RR. Scholarum Piarum in Capitulo Prov. Pestini congregatos. Octavo Calendas Septembres 1870. Uo.
 Ad Iusta Funebris Exc. Dni Josephi e Lib. Baronibus Eötvös, Cultus et Publicae Instutionis Ministri. Quarto nonas Februaries 1871. Uo.
 Ode honoribus Exc. Dni Theodori Pauler quum Cultus et Institutionis Publicae Ministri munere excoleretur. Pridie Idus Februarias 1871. Uo.
 Ode memoriae Seen. Dnae Mariae Theresiae quum fundati Artis Medicae Peritorum Collegii Annus Secularis solemniter recoleretur. Tertio Idus Maias 1871. Uo.
 Ode Honoribus Magn. et Doct. Dni Francisci Toldy, quum exactis 50 laborum literatiorum annis Coetus literariorum a Kisfaludy nomen occupans Sollemnia Scriptoris Jubilaei inter acclamationes Secundas Pestini recoleret. Pridie Idus Novembris 1871. Uo.
 Nyitány Toldy Ferencz irodalmi működésének félszázados ünnepére. Előadta a pesti kegyes nagy gymnasium ifjuságának énekkara 1871. nov. 12. Uo.
 Carmen honoribus Emin. ac Rew. Dni Joannis Simor... eccl. Strigoniensis archiepiscopi... quum socrae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis titulo et dignitate ornaretur... Cal. Jan. 1874. Budapestini.

Jegyzetek

Források

MTA-tagok
Magyar klasszika-filológusok
Magyar egyetemi, főiskolai oktatók
Lévaiak
1811-ben született személyek
1875-ben elhunyt személyek
Magyar piarista szerzetesek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Pin this 3-inch Bigtime Game Button to showcase your favorite school, team or mascot! The word "MOM" is printed in Vegas gold, with the CU Ralphie logo in place of the letter "O". These buttons are printed at high resolution for a great look. The print is fade resistant and button materials are the highest quality made.


RNAS Yeovilton (aka HMS Heron) is situated in Somerset - not far from the A303/A37 junction and about 4 miles North of Yeovil. It is the largest Naval Air Station in the UK and home to a varied fleet primarily made up of Wildcats, Lynx, Merlins and Hawks. Opened in 1940 and expanded after the war for jet operations, Yeovilton's future has come up for debate on a number of occasions. With the retirement of the Sea Harrier, it has become a primarily rotary wing station, excepting the few resident Hawks and the Royal Navy Historic Flight.
Lynx of 815 NAS; Wildcats of 825 and 847 NAS; Merlins of 845 and 846 NAS; Hawks of the Naval Flying Standards Flight (Fixed Wing); Tutors of 727 NAS... and if you're really lucky, the various aircraft of the Royal Navy Historic Flight (Swordfish, Sea Fury, Sea Vixen - not all currently airworthy at the time of writing). 815 NAS encompasses various ships' flights so it's pot luck as to which squadrons' aircraft you will see on any given date. Regular visitors are FRADU Hawks (sometimes called Seahawks) and FRA Falcon 20s. Merlins from Culdrose also pop by as do occasional foreign visitors - recent years having seen Polish, French and American aircraft popping by.
Activity is mostly during office hours on weekdays though there is occasional weekend activity particularly when ships are returning to the UK.
Our first viewing position is within the Fleet Air Arm Museum. This is an excellent museum with a varied range of exhibits, imaginatively displayed. As you walk into the WWII/Korea hall, there is a viewing gallery right at the end on the left (A), from where you can view the line up of Lynx or Wildcat helicopters outside, and perhaps see them taking off or landing from the nearby landing spots. Photography can be tricky because of reflections on the windows but the Wildcats aren't particularly far away so even a small lens will do you here. Serials can be difficult to read off any but the first two or three Wildcats in the line-up.
Second stop (or first if you don't want to pay to get into the museum) is the museum car park (B) and surrounding area. From here you have a decent view of the large ramp North-East of the control tower. Normally populated by helicopters, you will sometimes see Hawks being towed out of the hangars too, and visiting aircraft occasionally park up on this ramp as well. The annual airshow uses this ramp and the disused North/South runway for the static display. Aircraft operating from the main runway are generally too distant for photography, but you should be able to read off serials on many. Anything parked on the ramp south of runway 27 is below the level of the runway so only the tails of the aircraft can be made out - and tail markings are very rarely enough to identify a specific airframe. Just across the road to the North is Cobham Hall, the FAA Museum's storage facility. Sometimes you may be able to just about see the top of any airframes temporarily left outside but there is no public access except for pre-arranged tours.
Leaving the car park, turn left and drive along the road. The main entrance is on your left, and has a Sea Harrier FA.2 gate guard - ask for permission to take photos at the guardroom (normally no problem at all). Continue on the road until you have left the station behind. There is a layby on the left not long after the last entrance to the station, park here and get your hiking boots on. Our next stop, point C is on the edge of a field near the perimeter fence - I'm told the farmer doesn't mind as long as you obey the usual rules - leave no rubbish, harm no crops, worry no sheep! From here you have a good view of helicopters parked on the ramp West of the control tower, and can also get a good look at any helos parked up along the grass here - primary time for this being the annual airshow, when the Commando helicopter line is strung out along here. This field is used for car parking during the show. Not much cop for photography because of the high fence and sun in your face for much of the day, but helicopters often approach from North-West of this position and, while rather high, they'll be nicely lit by the sun.
Back to the car and continue along the road, taking the first left (signposted Yeovilton). As you go down this road you'll soon see the runway. Park up on the grass verge on the left before the double yellow lines appear (D). From here you have a good elevated view of the runway, but the sun is in your face for the first half of the day. Departures from runway 27 will be too high for decent photos, and it's not ideal for anything landing on 09 either, because the trees over the road block your view of the approach and the sun is in your face for much of the day - you can only really get rear-end shots, and only later in the day. However, it may be the only place you can really park round here!
Continuing on foot, we have point E by the approach lights for that over-the-head experience, which was an impressively noisy experience when we still had the Sea Harriers but somewhat less noisy for Hawks! Walk a bit further on to point F, not far from the crash gate and you have a far superior position for both photography and spotting. Side-on views of aircraft landing on 09 are simply perfect, you're nice and close (easily within 300 mm range for jets), the fence is a low wooden affair (no ladder necessary) and the sun is behind you or to the side except early in the morning.
From here you can easily wander back up the road a bit to get 3/4 shots of aircraft on approach (though the trees block your view of them until the last minute), or further down towards the crash gate to get head-on taxiing shots through the chainlink fence (easier in the afternoon than the morning though). Helos approaching from the North-West can sometimes come within range of a good lens here - you really need 500mm or above for a good chance at a worthwhile photo though.
You'll notice opposite the crash gate on the other side of the road there is another crash gate leading to a bridge over the River Yeo - don't park here of course, but there is an entrance way immediately to the right of it where people often park with no apparent objections. A bit of juggling of cars may be needed if its busy, but there is room for 5 cars or so if everybody cooperates.
Back to your car for the next spot. Drive down the road towards Yeovilton village - take it easy, the road narrows considerably - and take a left turn (signposted for the church). This is worth a visit - park up the lane between points G and H, not outside the church itself. As well as the graves outside the church near the road, there is a dedicated naval cemetery at the rear of the church and a memorial beyond that.
Returning to spotting - having parked up down that lane you may as well leave the car where it is. Point G is as near as you can get to the end of runway 04. I've never seen jets use this runway, but Lynx helicopters often approach down it (regardless of wind), proceeding towards the ramp outside the museum, and lighter visitors like Grobs may use it too, along with the RNHF prop-jobs. Looking across the runway at this point you can also see the fire dump, with (at the time of writing) a trio of knackered Harriers clearly visible. Too far for photos though (unless you have a 600mm lens handy and don't mind parts of the aircraft being obscured by signs and bushes). Hawks and visitors sometimes taxi down this way if taking off from 09.
The next point you may as well walk to, it's just at the North end of this lane (H). While the chainlink fence here is just high enough to be a nuisance, there are raised banks either side that help a little at getting a view over the fence (the middle of it at least - the fence rises up with the banks at either side). However for a clear view a stepladder is necessary. Aircraft landing on 27 or taking off from 09 will taxi past you here only a short distance away and are nicely lit by the sun through much of the day. Aircraft departing in either direction are airborne by this point, but still quite low so photography of aircraft taking off can be very good here, as long as you don't mind the buildings in the background.
The remainder of the viewing points at Yeovilton involve a bit of walking so if you're particularly lazy or just satisfied with what you've seen so far you may wish to skip the rest of this guide.
Back to the car, and drive back towards the museum. Keep going past it this time, and take the first right. Not far down this road is your best spot for taking photos of the Lynx and other helos in flight, which usually depart in this direction, curving round to the North West. However you'll have a job finding somewhere to park. Continuing on, take the first right and go down the lane past the green house and keep going until you get to the dilapidated farmhouse. The yard here (J) seems to be okay to park in - at least I've not had any objections from anybody the few times I've been here. From here it's a short walk across another field to get near the end of runway 27 (K).
Jets get even lower at this end than at the other so don't stand directly under the approach. The sheep that are often to be found in this field don't seem bothered by either aircraft or spotters and will simply get out of your way. As you have a whole field to walk around in, photography can be as good as you make it regardless of time of day. This is your only real spot for viewing any use of the dummy deck just South of the runway 27 threshold (though with the SHARs retired, will it ever see use again?).
Returning to the car, go back up the lane and turn right towards Bridgehampton. Take a right again and just before the road swings to the left a public bridle path begins. Find somewhere to park and get hiking! Point L is about as near as you can get to the approach on this side of the river. You could stay with the car but it's not much cop for photography because of the height of incoming aircraft at this point. You can walk across a footbridge into the field towards point K from here too. Point M looks to be your best bet for viewing anything parked up on the ramp outside the big hangars here and finally point N may offer a (distant) view of the fire dump. That's your lot for Yeovilton.
General attitude towards spotters here is good, in common with the the other major naval air station (RNAS Culdrose/HMS Seahawk). Local farmers seem okay with people walking in their fields as long as their sheep aren't bothered by dogs etc. During the annual airshow, access is severely restricted, with most points from D onwards within a restricted zone for road access, and the area around point K also restricted for even pedestrian access.
Petrol, cashpoint and shops available in nearby Ilchester (inside the Texaco), plenty of shops etc. in Yeovil. Nearest toilets are the Texaco in Ilchester or the FAA Museum.
Not far away is the town of Yeovil, with the Westlands plant and airfield offering opportunities to view more Wildcats, Apaches and Merlins (until it closes in 2017!). HMS Heron also controls a satellite airfield - RNAS Merryfield, which is located further West along the A303, about 3 miles North-North-West of Ilminster (just North-West of the small village of Ilton). Operations here are restricted to sporadic use by helicopter training, and you'll see far more going on at Yeovilton.


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Due to the high number of process variables involved and to the non-synchronisation of the process control units, High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) of light alloys and Plastic Injection Moulding (PIM) are most "defect-generating" and "energy-consumption" processes in EU industry showing less flexibility to any changes in products and in process evolution. Therefore, the MUSIC is strongly aimed at leading EU-HPDC/PIM factories to cost-based competitive advantage through the necessary transition to a demand-driven industry with lower waste generation, efficiency, robustness and minimum energy consumption. The development and integration of a completely new ICT platform, based on innovative Control and Cognitive system linked to real time monitoring, allows an active control of quality, avoiding the presence of defects or over-cost by directly acting on the process-machine variables optimisation or equipment boundary conditions.
The challenge of MUSIC is to transform a production-rate-dominated manufacturing field into a quality/efficiency-driven and integration-oriented one to exploit the enormous (and still underestimated) potential of HPDC/PIM through collaborative research and technological development, along the value chain through advances in manufacturing, ICT and model process technologies.
Exploitation of data acquisition, data elaboration and process modeling capabilities for the implementation of a commercial software for future distribution within manufacturing sectors.


agglomeration of iron ore materials thermal patterns – Grinding … Agglomeration methods of briquetting and pelletisation are quite well … agglomeration in the cement industry . compressive strength of magnetite iron ore.
Cement is manufactured from different materials including limestone, chalk, shells, or marble combined with clay, iron ore, silica sand, shale, and slate. These resources are heated to high temperatures to form a rock-like material which is subsequently ground to form cement.
Cement While attempting to develop his ore milling process to concentrate low-grade iron ore, Edison found that he could sell the waste sand to cement manufacturers. In 1899, he decided to investigate how he might transfer his rock-crushing technology to the production of Portland cement.
Table 3.3 lists just some of the many possible raw ingredients that can be used to provide each of the main cement elements. Table 3.3: Examples of raw materials for portland cement manufacture (adapted from ref., Table 2.1).
Chadormalu and Gol Gohar Iron Ore are the two largest iron ore mines (accounting for more than 80% of iron ore production in Iran).  Chadormalu Mining and Industrial Company produced 9,498,000 mt of iron ore.
Title: Iron Ore Cement. Author(s): Arthur E. Williams. Publication: Journal Proceedings. Volume: 8. Issue: 3. Appears on pages(s): 597-612. Keywords: none. Date: 3/1/1912. Abstract: Iron ore cement is a product intended to be used in sea water work. This material is now manufactured in Europe under the name of Erz cement.
Cement Industry Cement is the most used construction material in the world. When cement is mixed with water, the resulting chemical reaction transforms this powder into solid rock that the builder can shape and mold.
I think the function of iron (fe2o3) in cement it just to component (C4AF) it give the a special colour for portland cemet.In other type of cement it add for resistance the SO3 in the land (water will ).
Iron ore cement is a product intended to be used in sea water work. This material is now manufactured in Europe under the name of Erz cement.


This 1967 Chevrolet Corvette Coupe has just 2,996 original miles on it, and it's up for sale at Mecum next month.
This Official Meyers Manx is both totally cool and features a certificate of authenticity with plate.
Mike Cook was just cool.
Get our best subscription deal of the year with the Classic Motorsports Black Friday bundle.
Pick a VIN in the registry and you'll see the current owner, details on the car's condition, and even a color photo when possible.
This Pantera GT5-S currently being auctioned on Bring A Trailer has less than 20,000 miles, and is powered by a Ford Cleveland V8 mated to a 5-Speed transmission.
The Hilton Head Island Concours d'Elegance returns to Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, this weekend, and we'll be there.


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Q: Thread synchronization with mixed C and C++ I have a multithreaded program with the main thread being third-party (can't change it) and pure C. My task is to build new modules (in C++) around it, those reside partly in other threads and need to use the C program's interface. Basically just reading some variables (ints, floats, nothing complicated) that are stored and updated in the C thread.
Now to my question: How can I make sure that I don't get rubbish out of the C interface when accessing those variables as I can't use a mutex to lock it while reading. Is this even possible? Or is writing a float/int an atomic operation anyway?

A: Statements like "writing a float/int [is] an atomic operation anyway" are, unfortunately, not well defined in C or C++ (although with the use of std::atomic in C++11 and the stdatomic.h methods from C11 can help here - but that's not going to help you with C interop for a library you can't modify, so you can probably ignore it here).
You can find guidance about these issues on specific compilers and platforms - for example, you can probably figure out that on most platforms, aligned 32-bit or 64-bit reads or writes will be atomic, if aligned, and that most compilers will align them appropriately.
However, down this road lies madness. If you have multiple threads involve, just use POSIX/pthreads functionality, like pthreads mutexes - which are easily accessible from both C and C++, to guard any access to state shared across threads.
Since you can't modify the C code, you may have to do all the locking in the C++ code, before any call to the C library, unlocking after. If you can read, but not modify the C code, or the document is very clear about the threading/sharing model, you may be able to use a fine grained locking strategy, but in the absence of any profiling indicating a bottleneck, I'd start with one global lock you use to guard every access to the C API.

A: You can't. The only right way to work in this scenario is to work only with arguments which are provided to your functions by the calling C thread - and not store any references to them afterwards. There's no way to guarantee any variables will not be modified - in general case.
You need to rethink your architecture so that such need does not arise.

A: If you are unable to make sure that the code which sets the variables values is synchronized, puting a lock while reading is pointless and won't work. It's not only the atomicity of the operations, it's also data visibility - updates to those variables may not be visible to other threads.
If you control the main thread you have to create a new variable for each of those you have to access, access it from the main thread, and using locks, set the value of the newly created variable. Then, from other threads, access only those synchronized variables.
int myVal = 0;

int main() {
  while(!shouldQuit()) {
    doSomeIndependentStuff();
    pthread_lock(&mutex);
    myVal = independentGlobalVal;
    pthread_unlock(&mutex);
  }
}

int getMyVal() {
  int retVal = 0;
  pthread_lock(&mutex);
  retVal  = myVal;
  pthread_unlock(&mutex);
  return retval;
}

A: You cannot. Reading and writing anything is not an atomic operation and if you cannot change the C code, you are out of luck. Syncronization always needs both parts to be syncronized.
Your best bet is to ask the third party to make their part thread safe and/or share a locking mechanism with you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Stiga Triumph Review
The late 60s laid the foundation of Stiga as a sports brand, and it has been growing as one of the most reliable brands in the world ever since. It is a global company with more than 100 branches touching the whole world. Apart from other sports gears, Stiga is also well known for its wide range of Ping Pong products. It comes to the top of the list whenever there's a talk about the best brands for Ping Pong gears and equipment.
From the range of Ping Pong table varieties that Stiga manufactures, the Stiga Triumph table is one of the most trending ones in the beginner's list. It is an entry-level table that comes at an affordable price with decent features.
Ping Pong is known to be a calorie cutter and brain enhancer.
Features of Stiga Triumph
As mentioned, it is a beginner, or entry-level Ping Pong table that comes with some really good construction features like the QuickPay chassis that make the assembly of Stiga Triumph super easy, the 5/8" table-top (playing surface), which isn't tournament level, but provides a playing-experience equally awesome. It also features 2" self-opening table legs along with 3" mag wheels. The Stiga Triumph comes with a net and posts set which makes it even more convenient when it comes to a complete Ping Pong experience. Let's see what more features the Stiga Triumph has.
Table-Top
The Stiga Triumph features a 5/8" table-top which is tournament blue and comes with silkscreen striping that enhances the durability of the table. A UV filing process ends up expertly sanding and finishing the whole thing. This ensures a leveled playing surface with a consistent and smooth finish. Though not certified by ITTF, the Stiga Triumph still comes constructed with the same kind of material used to craft tables for official tournaments.
Apron and Frame
A 2" apron surrounds the table surface making sure the support between the top and the frame remains through and through providing the perfect bounce while playing. The frame's core is made up of 2" heavy-gauge steel legs that provide a really sturdy over-all structure to the Ping Pong table. The table comes with a set of plastic legs cap that prevents the floor from scratches. The 3" mag ball-bearing wheels affixed to the ends helps in rolling the table with ease. Two out of the four wheels feature a lock mechanism to lock the table legs while playing.
Getting the Ping Pong table into shape is one of the most tiresome things that every Ping Pong table buyer has to go through. The process includes hours of reading the manual, looking for screws, putting the structure up, one at a time, and some more. The assembly can take hours of your time. Luckily, with the Stiga Triumph's QuickPlay feature this whole process comes down to the duration of a few minutes. You need hardly 15-20 minutes to get it all done. This saves a lot of time as well as labor. Even though the QuickPlay chassis is easy to work with, it is still a bit more difficult than InstaPlay one, which is even more seamless. Even after that, we didn't really find the process of assembling as much pain. It was, rather quite easy and took very little time, considering the fact that we were two people engaged in the process.
Forpheus, a Ping Pong robot is the "first robot table tennis tutor" in the world, certified by Guinness World Records.
Buying a Ping Pong table is as much difficult a decision as buying a car. You need to do a lot of research, look out for other customers' reviews, compare the prices, and then come to a conclusion on which one would suit your need the best. Stiga Triumph is one of the tables that you can rely on. Do not expect any out-of-the-world professional features from the table and you'll see that this table is pretty much what a learner would require. You can get this almost-professional at a price range of $300-$400, which, considering the amazing features that it has is really less.
We got the Stiga Triumph table a month ago, and so far it has been standing well on our expectations. We did not put our hopes high knowing well that this one is a beginner/intermediate level table, but the experience we got was really good and up to the mark. We got it at an amazingly affordable price that adds up to the convenience that it promises. Here are some of the reviews we assembled from various websites selling Stiga Triumph. This might help you in your decision better.
"I will list the only con to this item first since that is what most people are interested in. If you want to use this table for single person practice, it is not so great. There is about a 5 to 6-inch gap between the net and the back surface when one side of the table is folded up. This lets the ball drop to the floor rather than being bounced back if you hit the ball fairly close to the net. I will be building a small box to fill in this gap to make this better.
Now for the positives: I absolutely love this table. I was able to completely assemble it in about 45 minutes with a basic ratchet, adjustable wrench, and electric screwdriver. The playing surface was very easy to adjust so that both sides mate perfectly. There is a slight crown on the playing surface but it is very small and will probably self-correct after being in the down position. The table folds and unfolds incredibly easily with one person. I was able to completely assembled the table by myself but I am 6'2″ tall and about 200 pounds. Anyone smaller you definitely need two people. The table was very well packaged for shipping and there are no blemishes in mine whatsoever. I look forward to many hours of enjoyment with family and friends, especially with the upcoming holidays, using this table."
"My kids assembled it together, so it is not hard to put together, the only help they asked was helping hold the table-top piece to put in supporting sockets, the table-top is heavy. The whole family started to enjoy playing table tennis, it is pretty fun. The quality of the table is good. I can see us using it for a long time."
The ITTF states (concerning coaching) that it will take 15 years of serious training to touch the levels of the North American Ping Pong Olympic Team.
We've had a really nice experience with the Stiga Triumph. We have tried other Stiga products as well and the feel we got with this one is very typically similar to the others- easy, convenient, affordable, and comfortable. Our only concern was that if too much fury is showered on the table, it may not last long enough. Considering the fact that it is a beginner level table, we played accordingly. So far it does what it promises. We would definitely recommend the Stiga Triumph to you if you wish to refine your skills.
For more such interesting reviews, stay tuned with Ping Pong Beast.
Also Read –
Stiga Legacy Review
STIGA InstaPlay Review
Stiga Master Series ST3100 Review