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Testimony and Public Comment
The Census Count and Prisoners: The Problem, The Solutions and What the Census Can Do
Ben Peck
Demos is a national, non-profit, non-partisan public policy, research and advocacy organization committed to building an America where democracy is robust and inclusive, with high levels of electoral participation and civic engagement. To that end, the Demos works to reduce barriers to voter participation and engagement, with a particular focus on participation by traditionally disfranchised communities.
We greatly appreciate this opportunity to submit this testimony to the distinguished members of the Census Bureau's National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic and Other Populations.
Over the past several years, Dēmos has been working in partnership with the Prison Policy Initiative and numerous other advocates at the national, state and local level to highlight the inequities of Prison-Based Gerrymandering and to work for solutions.
We submit this testimony to urge the Committee to recommend that the Census Bureau engage in all necessary research to determine how best to end the inequitable practice of prison-based gerrymandering prior to the next Census. Such a recommendation would be in keeping with prior resolutions by the Racial and Ethnic Advisory Committees to the Census in 2003, 2009, 2010 and 2011 (See list at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/resolutions/). A recommendation this year would be particularly timely, as it would build on the successes of several states that have enacted legislation to end this practice since 2010; a key U.S. Supreme Court ruling in June 2012 affirming the constitutionality of such reforms; and some important initial steps taken by the Census Bureau during the 2010 Census to assist states in the effort to end prison-based gerrymandering.
What do we mean by "prison-based gerrymandering"? A long-standing flaw in the decennial census counts some 2 million incarcerated people in the wrong place for purposes of redistricting and undermines the "one person, one vote" principle of the 14th Amendment. Census data, of course, forms the basis for re-drawing state and local districts each decade to ensure that each district will contain a similar number of people and each resident will therefore have the same access to government, a result required by the one-person, one-vote rule.
However, although people in prison can't vote, and remain legal residents of their home communities under the laws of most states, the Census Bureau currently tabulates people in prison as residents of their prison cells, not their homes. Using this flawed data to draw legislative districts grants the people who live near large prisons extra influence at the expense of voters everywhere else.
The Problem at the State Level
Crediting incarcerated persons from all over the state to the predominately rural districts that contain large prisons enhances the weight of a vote in those districts, diluting all other votes in the state.
Incarcerated persons are disproportionately Black and Latino, and outside of the Deep South, most prisons are built in disproportionately white areas. Using Black and Latino prisoners to pad the populations of white legislative districts dilutes minority voting strength state-wide.
Consider a statistic from New York, where the upstate region has steadily been losing population: in the 2000 Census, almost one-third of the persons credited as having "moved" into upstate New York during the previous decade were persons sentenced to prison terms in upstate prisons.[1] In Illinois, 60% of incarcerated persons are from Cook County (Chicago), yet over 90% of them are incarcerated downstate.[2] In Texas, in two legislative districts drawn after 2000, 12% of the population consisted of incarcerated persons.[3]
The Problem at the County and Municipal Level
Rural county and municipal districts are smaller than state legislative districts, so prison-based gerrymandering can create an even larger problem in distorting representation in communities that include large prisons. Some examples:
A true "rotten borough": In Anamosa Iowa, a man won a city council seat with two write-in votes, neither of which he cast. There were no candidates and only a handful of voters, because 96% of the district population was incarcerated in a large prison. The handful of voters in the district had 25 times as much influence on the city council as residents elsewhere in the city.[4]
"Majority-minority" in name only: In Somerset County, MD, a county commission district that was deliberately drawn as a majority–minority district in order to settle a Voting Rights Act lawsuit in the late 1980s was unable to elect a candidate of its choice to the commission because an incarcerated population, which cannot vote, was counted in the district's population. The actual African-American resident population in the district was too small to elect a candidate of its choice. After Maryland enacted a reform law in 2010 to count incarcerated persons at their home address instead of the prison address, Somerset County finally was able to adopt a redistricting plan that provides a realistic opportunity for not just one, but two, African Americans to be elected to the county government.[5]
States and Localities are Ready for Accurate Counts
Since 2010, New York,[6] Maryland[7] Delaware[8] and California[9] have passed legislation to use state correctional data to ensure that districts are drawn on data that counts incarcerated people at home. New York and Maryland implemented this reform in drawing their districts following the 2010 Census; California and Delaware will implement their reforms for the redistricting following the 2020 Census.
The legislative or executive branches in several states (Virginia, Colorado, New Jersey, Mississippi) require or encourage local governments to modify the census and refuse to use prison populations as padding. More than 100 rural counties and municipalities around the country make these adjustments on their own.[10]
The U.S. Supreme Court and Lower Courts Have Upheld Reform Laws to End Prison-Based Gerrymandering
The Maryland and New York reform laws that ended prison-based gerrymandering in those states for the 2010 round of redistricting were challenged in court actions, and both laws have been upheld in the face of those challenges.
On December 23, 2012, a three-judge federal district court upheld the constitutionality of Maryland's No Representation Without Population Act.[11] In June 2012 the U.S. Supreme Court summarily affirmed that decision, which gives it the status of Supreme Court precedent.[12]
In New York, in December 2012, a state trial court upheld the constitutionality of New York's reform law against a legal challenge filed by Senate Republicans. The Senate Republicans sought a direct appeal to the New York Court of Appeals. On February 14, 2012, the New York Court of Appeals rejected the plaintiffs' application for a direct appeal, and as a result of that ruling the plaintiffs decided to drop their appeal, making our legal victory final.[13]
As a result of these legal victories, for the first time, incarcerated persons have now been allocated to their home addresses, rather than to the prison location, in the state legislative and local districts that will be used in New York and Maryland for the coming decade (Maryland's law also includes congressional districts).
Solutions: What the Census Can Do
In a groundbreaking policy shift, the Census Bureau changed its 2010 data publication schedule to make it easier for states and localities to identify prison populations in its redistricting data.[14] This interim solution of releasing accelerated data assisted governments in removing prisoners from the prison districts; however, states must rely on their own data to assign prisoners to their proper home districts, and the new release was not early enough for every state to benefit.
Fortunately, the Census Bureau can achieve a full and permanent solution for the 2020 Census: revising its "usual residence" rule to tabulate incarcerated persons as residents of the community where they resided prior to incarceration. As established by court cases, and as demonstrated by the variety of policies which the Census Bureau has adopted in absence of specific legislation, the Census Bureau has broad discretion over how to determine where to tabulate individuals in the decennial census.
Dr. Robert M. Groves, then-Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, addressed some of these issues in a blog post[15] in 2010, and noted that the Bureau re-evaluates its residence rules after each census:
Some users of census data care about this [the prison counts] for redistricting purposes within states. They observe that prisoners often resided in areas far removed from the location of the prison and should be counted where they're from. They note that the former homes of the prisoners are "cheated" of the benefits derived from the census counts. They argue that the locales of the prisons unfairly benefit from the counted prisoners, even though the prisoners do not enjoy the benefits that the census counts provide to the area.
This decade we are releasing early counts of prisoners (and counts of other group quarters), so that states can leave the prisoners counted where the prisons are, delete them from the redistricting formulas, or assign them to some other locale.
Counting members of all group quarters is complicated; we re-evaluate our "residence rules" after each census, to keep pace with changes in the society. We'll do that again after the 2010 Census.
For all these reasons, the time is right for the Bureau to undertake the evaluation and research that will be necessary to change its practices for determining the residence of incarcerated persons, so that in the next Census incarcerated persons will be properly tabulated as residents of their home communities. In 2010, the Hispanic and Asian American subcommittees of the Census Bureau's Racial and Ethnic Advisory Committee adopted a resolution making this recommendation to the Census Bureau, and in 2011, the African American subcommittee made a similar recommendation.[16] We urge the National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic and Other Populations to address this issue and to make the following recommendation to the Census Bureau:
The National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic and Other Populations recommend that the Census Bureau conduct research as part of their 2020 Census planning to describe a process to implement changes to the "usual residence" rule to provide a tabulation in the 2020 Census of incarcerated persons at the pre-incarceration addresses, including identifying the best means of gathering such information and incorporating it into Census tabulations nationwide.
Thank you again for this opportunity to present our views on this important issue.
[1] Rolf Pendall, Brookings Institution, Upstate New York's Population Plateau: The Third Slowest-Growing "State" (August 2003).
[2] Prison Policy Initiative, Illinois state page, available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/illinois.html.
[3] Prison Policy Initiative, "Fixing prison-based gerrymandering after the 2010 Census: Texas," available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/50states/TX.html.
[4] See Sam Roberts, Census Bureau's Counting of Prisoners Benefits Some Rural Voting Districts, New York Times, October 23, 2008.
[5] Testimony of Brenda Wright, Demos, before the Rules and Executive Nominations Committee of the Maryland State Assembly on House Bill 496, March 8, 2010, available at http://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/Wright%20testimony%20MD.pdf; Leah Sakala, Maryland Law Brings Long Awaited Racial Justice to Somerset County, Prisoners of the Census blog, August 16, 2012, available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/news/page/2/.
[6] Prison Policy Initiative, "New York prison-based gerrymandering bill," available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/NYS_A9710-D.html.
[7] No Representation Without Population Act, H.B. 496, 2010 Leg., 427th Sess. (Md. 2010), available at
http://mlis.state.md.us/2010rs/billfile/hb0496.htm.
[8] H.B. 384, 2010 Leg., 145th Gen. Assem. (De. 2010), available at http://legis.delaware.gov/LIS/LIS145.nsf/vwLegislation/HB+384?Opendocument.
[9] A.B. 420, California Legislature, 2011-1012 regular session, available at http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_0401-0450/ab_420_bill_20110822_amended_sen_v93.pdf; see also A.B. 1986, making technical improvements to the 2011 bill, available at http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_1951-2000/ab_1986_bill_20120829_enrolled.pdf.
[10] See Demos and Prison Policy Initiative, States Are Authorized to Adjust Census Data to End Prison-Based Gerrymandering, and Many Already Do (updated September 2010), available at http://www.prisonpolicy.org/factsheets.html.
[11] Fletcher v. Lamone, 831 F. Supp. 2d 837 (D. Md. 2011), aff'd mem , __ U.S. __, 2012 WL 1030482 (June 25, 2012).
[12] Fletcher v. Lamone, __ U.S. __, 2012 WL 1030482 (June 25, 2012).
[13] Little v. LATFOR, No. 2310-2011 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. December 1, 2011), Mem. Decision, available at http://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/Decision%20and%20Order_Little_v_LATFOR.pdf; see Decision List, New York Court of Appeals, February 14, 2012, at 8, transferring appeal to Appellate Division, Third Department, available at http://www.nycourts.gov/ctapps/Decisions/2012/Feb12/DecisionList021412.pdf. See also Demos, Law Ending Prison-Based Gerrymandering Stands; Plaintiffs Drop Challenge, March 16, 2011, available at http://www.demos.org/press-release/law-ending-prison-based-gerrymandering-stands-plaintiffs-drop-challenge.
[14] Prison Policy Initiative, "Census gives data users new opportunities to draw fair districts with its data," available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/technicalsolutions.html.
[15] United States Census 2010, "So, How do You Handle Prisons?" available at http://blogs.census.gov/2010census/2010/03/so-how-do-you-handle-prisons.html
[16] Joint Resolution of the Hispanic and Asian American subcommittees of the Census Bureau's Race and Ethnic Advisory Committee, October 8, 2010, available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/resolutions/REAC_Oct082010.html; Recommendation 2, Residence Rule, African American subcommittee of the Census Bureau's Racial and Ethnic Advisory Committee, October 2011, available at http://www.prisonersofthecensus.org/resolutions/.


All professionals at Sanford Family Dental maintain the highest levels of accreditation and pursue ongoing education to stay abreast of the latest trends in the medical field. Read on to learn more about our staff's experience and training.
Brenda is our Financial Coordinator. Her knowledge and dedication make her invaluable to patients and the team. She has been with the practice for 21 years. In her free time, she loves spending time with her family and friends and enjoys cooking, reading, music and cheering on all New England teams, especially the Patriots!
Andrea is our Schedule Coordinator. Her friendly personality and warm smile welcomes patients as they walk in the door. When she is away from the office, her two daughters Hope and Grace keep her very busy! She enjoys cheering them on at the soccer field and watching them in the dance studio.
Louise is our Hygienist. Patients love her because she is caring and always takes the time to answer any questions. She has been with the practice for 20 years. In her free time, she enjoys spending time with her husband, John, adult children and grandkids.
Tracy is our hygienist. Her energy and upbeat attitude are what draws patients to her. She has been part of the team for five years. She loves spending time with her fiance, Stuart, children and all their animals.
Jenny is our Hygienist. She loves getting to know her patients and providing the best care possible. She has been with the practice for two years, after graduating from UNE. In her free time, she can be found spending time with her family and dog, Bailey.
Victoria is our Hygienist. She graduated from UME in Augusta and has been a hygienist for 10 years. Patients love her because she is gentle but thorough. She enjoys spending time with her husband, Shea and her dog, Lucy. In her free time, you can find her hiking and snowboarding.
Michelle is our Assistant. Her attention to detail and smiling face make the practice a great place to visit. She has been with the practice for 20 years. In her free time, she enjoys biking with her husband, Craig and spending time with their sons and grandson.
Katie is our assistant. Her easy going and friendly attitude puts patients at ease. She has been a dental assistant for 10 years and enjoys restoring patient's smiles. In her free time, you can find her relaxing with her boyfriend, Sean and their two cats. She also loves spending time with her niece and brand new nephew.
Ali is our assistant. You may also see her smiling face scheduling patients and running sterilization. She is caring, friendly and puts patients at ease. She enjoys family BBQ's and outings with her two children and husband, Brian.
Kristy is our Assistant. She is energetic and upbeat and especially loves seeing children. When away from the office, she loves spending time with her family. She enjoys the outdoors, especially snowmobiling with her 3 children and husband, James.


Throughout the summer we will meet on Thursday evenings from 5:30-8 PM. This is for 7th-12th grade boys and their dads. I really would like the fathers to come even if they are just hanging out with the group. A simple meal will be served each time and there will be a short formational session before we do our fun event. The focus is to build up our young men to become disciples of Jesus Christ. To strengthen the relationships with fathers and to have a good time in the process. For each event please plan to drive to the location. The only exception will be the Dodge ball day in Crosslake we will plan to meet at St. Joseph in Crosby at 4:45 PM to carpool if needed.
For the sake of planning we need to know how many to expect. Please take a look at the list of events and let us know which events you plan to attend. Please email or call the office: [email protected] or 218-546-6559 or you can fill out the bottom part of the sheet and bring to the office.


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Rates & Data
AVOIDING SLOW MOTION WILL KEEP MANUFACTURERS IN TOP GEAR
During these unprecedented times food and drink manufacturers in the UK not only need automated processes to boost productivity and speed to market so that they can remain competitive, but they also require production machinery that is ultra-reliable and can operate at the required capacity, says APEX Dynamics a leading supplier of high-precision servo gearboxes.
The coronavirus pandemic has led to a different way of working for manufacturers, with enforced social distancing measures implemented in the workplace area to create safe spacing impacting on operations, exacerbated by staff that have been furloughed or affected by the virus taking time off.
Manufacturers need to decide when working with a supplier what their capabilities are and how they are structured for the 'new normal'. APEX Dynamics' UK Sales Manager, Andrew Parsons, doesn't think requirements have changed from reliable delivery, quality product, competitive costing and great service, but the current situation may have repercussions for how suppliers can now perform.
He said: "Automation is a key area for being able to handle social distancing and production capacity – highly automated processes that require less close operator interaction. A reliable motion control system is critical for keeping production lines operating to maximum effect by reducing the amount of time lost for manual intervention.
"Reliable deliveries and service are more important than ever, but APEX Dynamics has remained unchanged in the crisis, still offering three-week deliveries on all standard products and the only five-year warranty in the industry, with video conferencing available to discuss applications."
APEX Dynamics has patents for its gearboxes that offer unique advantages, such as the bearing mounted sun gear, planet carrier design, input and output sealing with hi-tech ball burnished surfaces and Teflon-coated Viton seals allowing high efficiency and low heat.
"Optimum design, lubrication and sizing is key to ensuring the lifetime of gearboxes is as long as possible. Special cut channels on the planet gears allow lubrication to flow to the needle bearings during rotation increasing circulation through the bearing, reducing heat build-up and increasing life."
Reducing backlash to a perfect zero has been the holy grail for precision gearbox manufacturers and, whilst some companies may claim this level of perfection, it is in actual fact an impossible goal. However, it is possible to supply precision-built gearboxes that can keep operating to maximum effect by ensuring extremely close-tolerance alignment of components in a motion control system.
Today's current climate presents huge challenges for manufacturers and suppliers alike. Highly reliable automated processes require less close operator interaction, which will be key to manufacturing at the required capacity during and after social distancing.
Find out more at https://www.apexdynauk.com
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A family-run furniture business has been given the green light to move part of its operation out of the town despite its impact on the green belt.
Arighi Bianchi has been given planning permission to build a 6,728 square metre warehouse next door to Adlington Business Park.
It means the firm can sell its two town centre warehouse sites - which could be used for housing - and keep its iconic shop off Buxton Road.
The scheme was approved by Cheshire East Council's strategic planning committee against the advice of planning officers who had recommended it be refused because of the impact on the green belt.
The scheme was a joint application by Arighi Bianchi and Euroscape Securities and has been under consideration of the council since November 2015.
It proposes transforming a 2.9 hectare site - which was bordered by Adlington Business Park, residential properties and the railway - to modernise and expand its storage and distribution including a 'click & collect' operation.
There was significant objection from Adlington Parish Council over its impact on the green belt and on nearby residential area. Other objectors claimed the '24 hour shift operation' would be a noise nuisance.
But the applicants argued that the site was the only option after they couldn't find any alternatives and called for the council to override strict green belt rules because of the 'very special circumstances'.
Planning officer David Moran told the committee he had 'no option' but to recommend refusal because the new Local Plan - which allows the site in question to be developed - had still not been agreed.
But Councillor Mike Sewart proposed the plans were approved.
The plans were approved by the committee 'in principle' and issues such ecological impact have been delegated to planning officers to agree.


The first TAG Heuer modular watch bearing the Swiss Made label.
The latest collection of the TAG Heuer Connected timepieces, the TAG Heuer Connected Modular 45 has launched online and in-store at Ernest Jones.
Featuring a brand new concept, the connected module is interchangeable with an Haute Horlogerie mechanical module - offering a vast choice of materials, colours and combinations: the concept of modularity also applies to the lugs, strap, buckle which can be tailored to the colours and materials of your choice.
This is nothing less than a luxury watch which can be completely tailored to suit your mood.
Engineered in collaboration with Intel, the TAG Heuer Connected Modular 45 is water-resistant to 50 meters; it features GPS, an NFC sensor for payments, a stunning high definition AMOLED screen, a wide selection of unlimited customizable TAG Heuer dials. Google's Android Wear 2.0 and the new TAG Heuer Companion app improve the software experience and keep you connected with the people and information that you care about most.
Thanks to the very latest Android Wear 2.0 update, the customer experience has been vastly improved not only for Android users but Iphone users as well benefit from the almost infinite universe of platforms with apps available for download directly on that watch, and an enhanced ecosystem.
The entire exterior of the watch can be customized, enabling a multitude of combinations in terms of materials and colors. For the choice of strap alone, there are no fewer than 18 references available, made from rubber, barenia calfskin or anthracite grey leather, titanium or ceramic.
You can also complete your connected module with a Swiss mechanical movement module such as a 3 hands calibre 5, or Tourbillon Heuer 02-T. In this way, you can very easily change the heart of your watch – the module – from a connected watch to a mechanical watch, and back again, to suit the occasion and your mood.
The TAG Heuer Connected Modular 45 simplifies your life, thanks the built-in GPS that enables you to track your journeys and sporting performance, with no need for your phone: all the information you need is right there on your wrist.
The modularity concept extends to the watch's software, with dial customization. The brand has developed 30 watch dials, all retaining TAG Heuer's identity, some of which are inspired by historical pieces such as the famous panda dial, drawing on the brand's great heritage.
To take advantage of all the options available on these watches, Android users can download the new TAG Heuer Connected app to preview the various dials available and benefit from TAG Heuer Studio on a larger screen. You can also set your watch screen to show one of your own photos using this app.
Thanks to interactive counters, customers can choose to display up to three of their favourite apps on the dial: the number of steps taken, the number of calories burned, the dollar rate, free time before the next meeting... these are just some of the many options depending on your interests. Everything you need, at your fingertips.
Featuring 4 GB of storage memory and a latest-generation lithium battery up to a full day of power , the TAG Heuer Connected is fitted with a small water-resistant microphone enabling the wearer to communicate with it using Google Assistant, as well as a sapphire crystal touch screen, to be used alongside the command crown at 3 o'clock.
Browse the TAG Heuer Connected Modular 45 Collection online and instore at Ernest Jones.


Sunday, September 9, 2012 - Monday, September 10, 2012 9:00am - 5:00pm Please RSVP for location details.
This conference on Jewish Internationalism is hosted by the Institute for Israel and Jewish Studies and the Department of History. Visit the conference website for more details and to RSVP (required).


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Q: Reuse style and attrib from sdk How to reuse style from Android SDK?
I am trying use part of ....\android-sdk\platforms\android-11\data\res\layout\number_picker.xml
<EditText android:id="@+id/numberpicker_input"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    style="?android:attr/numberPickerInputTextStyle" />  <------- HERE ERROR

And I get an error in xml editor error: Error: Attribute is not public. (at 'style' with value '?android:attr/numberPickerInputTextStyle').
How to solve this?

A: You are trying to use an attribute from the SDK that was declared private. You cannot use them in your project. One way to overcome this specific problem (numberpicker styling), you could consider using the following library:
https://github.com/SimonVT/android-numberpicker

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On Friday, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) announced that it would be making a $2 billion investment in artificial intelligence (AI) systems over the next five years. The investment will look to inject AI into U.S weaponry and DARPA Director, Dr. Steven Walker, explained that they "want to explore how machines can acquire human-like communication and reasoning capabilities, with the ability to recognize new situations and environments and adapt to them." Although the investment amount is not large compared to other program funding, the investment is the largest the Pentagon has ever approved for an AI program and is similar to the amount the US invested in the Manhattan Project in the 1940s that resulted in nuclear weapons (not accounting for inflation).
DARPA also described the program as an effort to enhance "the security and resiliency of machine learning and AI technologies, reducing power, data, performance inefficiencies and [exploring] 'explainability'." DARPA is not the only Pentagon program receiving funding for AI, and the administration of Donald Trump is creating a new Joint Artificial Intelligence Center to assist in the coordination of AI-related programs occurring within the Defense Department.
China announced earlier this year that it intends to become the global leader in AI by 2030.


Search commercial real estate records in Seaford to find the property data you need. Reonomy provides the most comprehensive commercial real estate information available through the aggregation of commercial property records and data. Search through Seaford commercial property sales records, owner records and tax records. Signup for a free trial to uncover more information and search by filters including sales history, debt and owner.
Reonomy operates the most comprehensive database for Seaford Commercial Real Estate and other commercial real estate assets across the U.S. Reonomy includes over 47 million commercial real estate properties, each property features sales, debt, tax and ownership data. Reonomy attracts a large community of Seaford commercial real estate professionals. Members from Seaford include brokers, investors and service providers, many of whom specialize in Seaford Commercial Real Estate.
The average assessed value of commercial real estate properties in Seaford is $22,784. Commercial real estate sale prices in Seaford have a median of $191,500. The last 24 months of sales history has seen 265 sales, with 97 sales greater than $250,000, 8 sales valued at over $1,000,000, and 0 sales valued at over $10,000,000. The average price per square foot of commercial real estate properties in Seaford over the last 24 months is $134.
The average lot size of commercial real estate properties in Seaford is 41,177 sf. This is 105% above the Delaware average.
There are 5,714 commercial real estate properties in Seaford. This is 186% below the Delaware average. The total acerage is 28,950 acres and the aggregate building area for commercial real estate properties in Seaford is 37,157 sf.
There are 2,118 mortgages for commercial real estate properties across Seaford in the Reonomy database. The average value of those mortgages is $7,724,732. This is 5% above the Delaware average.


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Conferences | Training Courses | Market Reports | Managed Events | Past Conferences | Update Me
Conferences \ Organ-on-a-Chip, Tissue-on-a-Chip & Organoids Europe 2020 \ Agenda \ Thomas Laurell
Thomas Laurell's Biography
Co-Located Conferences
Thomas Laurell, Professor, Lund University
Thomas Laurell is Professor in Medical and Chemical Microsensors at Lund University. Laurell has a background in engineering with a focus on biomedical technology, with a PhD from the technical faculty at Lund University. Laurell has 20 years experience in the development of lab-on-a-chip based bioanalytical and medical diagnostic technology. He was appointed distinguished professor at dept. Biomedical Engineering at Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea in 2009.
Laurell is a member of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, of Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and Royal Physiographic Society. He has received several prestigious awards such as the The AkzoNobel Science Award in 2009 for his ground breaking interdisciplinary research, Wallmark Award by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for his microsensorsystem innovations in 2006, SKAPA Award in memory of Alfred Nobel – for the best innovation of the year in Sweden 1996 and 2003, and Erna Ebelings Price for outstanding research in microfluidics and biomedical engineering in 2006. He is founder of four start-up companies. Laurell is also the President of the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (www.cbmsociety.org).
Add to Calendar ▼2020-06-23 00:00:002020-06-24 00:00:00Europe/LondonOrgan-on-a-Chip, Tissue-on-a-Chip and Organoids Europe 2020Organ-on-a-Chip, Tissue-on-a-Chip and Organoids Europe 2020 in Rotterdam, The NetherlandsRotterdam, The NetherlandsSELECTBIOenquiries@selectbiosciences.com
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Q: I cant store checkbox value into session I am trying to put a checkbox value into a session. When I am trying to save it in Laravel, it saves the name field of the checkbox like foo[].

    <?php Session::put('selectsubservice', 'selectsubservice[]'); ?> @foreach($subservices as $subservice)

<input type="checkbox" name="selectsubservice[]" value="{{$subservice->id}}">{{$subservice->name}}

    @endforeach

A: Session::put('selectsubservice', $subservice->id);
You are passing the name of the input field as the argument to Session::put, that will not be automatically substituted. You need to pass the actual value to Session::put.


Experiential understanding of foundational movement theory.
Review the goals of Sessions 4-7.
Practical movement interventions that support those goals, both client-active table work and movement awareness for home practice.
Sensory-based language and imagery to help clients ramp up their interoception and proprioception.
A repertoire of sensorimotor interventions that can be tailored to clients' needs and motivations as well as support the goals of SI.


The hunter was dumb but given the high adrenalin and panicky situation, the operator's question wasn't brilliant either, was it?
Good question begets good answer. Bad question leads to bad answer.
Wouldn't you agree that the quality of the search results in Google largely depends on what keywords you type in the search box? No matter how intelligent the searching algorithm is, what you ask from Google matters. That's why Google search isn't just about finding what you are looking for but also discovering that you weren't asking the right question in the first place.
In fact, the best way to learn anything is by following a trail of good questions. It's not the soundness of answers but the sharpness of queries that determine the quality of learning.
Socrates, the Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Western philosophy, devised a method called Socratic Questioning.
To put it in another way, Socratic Questioning is a systematic way to think about problems. It's a brainstorming tool.
When two individuals with opposing viewpoints get into a discussion by asking and answering questions, it stimulates critical thinking. In a healthy debate, each person plays the role of a Devil's Advocate. Each would poke loopholes in other's logic. That's how ideas take shape.
Charlie Munger started using these Socratic devices in a variation he called Socratic Solitaire, because, instead of a dialogue with someone else, his method involves solitary play. Munger used to display Socratic Solitaire at shareholder meetings of Wesco Corporation. He would start by asking a series of questions. Then he would answer them himself. Back and forth. Question and Answer. He would do this for a while. And he would enthrall the audience by displaying the breadth and the depth of his multidisciplinary mind.
A Socratic Solitaire is a fantastic tool for self-inquiry. The only thing that can trip you while using Socratic Solitaire is when you get stuck in the wrong questions.
There are some lessons which are too complicated to be learned by searching google, reading books or even self-inquiry. There comes the point where you need another human being – a mentor, a guide or a super-thinker – who can answer your questions. You seek to learn from these people either because they are more knowledgeable or simply ahead of you in the game of thinking.
As the superficial knowledge has become cheaper and ubiquitous, these super-thinkers have become more valuable and their time more scarce. You get access to them when you deserve it. These people like answering questions for people who can learn from the answers. By definition, these super-thinkers are smart enough to tell how much thought and effort you've put into solving a problem.
..our hope is that the analysts and journalists will ask questions that add to our owners' understanding and knowledge of their investment. Neither Charlie nor I will get so much as a clue about the questions headed our way. Some will be tough, for sure, and that's the way we like it.
Super-thinkers like Buffett and Munger like hard problems and it's easier to get them involved by asking stimulating questions. If they didn't, they wouldn't be where they are.
So when you meet the super-thinkers make sure you've come prepared and are asking good questions.
So what makes a good question? Let's use Charlie Munger's inversion trick and stand the question on its head, i.e., let's first investigate what's a bad question.
Have you heard the saying – "There's no such thing as a stupid question."? Well, the sayings aren't always right.
A question may not be entirely stupid, but there are some which are pretty much useless. These are questions people ask when there is little chance that they will learn something from the answer.
Let's talk about few examples.
The first type is what I call the sponge questions. These come with the intention of soaking up the answer with no interest in learning how that answer was developed. People who ask sponge questions don't give enough independent thought to their queries. These lazy sponges are unwilling to do homework before raising the question. It's an act of intellectual dishonesty. Answering such question is a huge time sink for the time could have been spent on another question asked by someone more worthy of an answer.
Then there are questions which are based on faulty assumptions. Ignorance emanating from wrong assumptions is still pardonable but what's inexcusable is being closed-minded about those assumptions.
And finally, there are questions which aren't just bad but outright ugly because the seeker isn't even looking for an answer. These aren't questions. They are statements disguised as questions. They are intended to impress others by showcasing the seeker's depth of knowledge. They are meant to stoke the ego. The seeker isn't asking because he has a question, he's asking because he has to ask something to register his presence.
Okay. Now that we have a fair idea of how a bad question looks like, we're well on our way to finding good questions.
Let's talk about few traits of a good question.
First, a good question leads to the discovery of the more relevant question. A good question doesn't necessarily lead you to an answer. It refines your thoughts and helps you formulate the better question.
Second, a good question makes it clear that the questioner is willing to participate in the process of developing the solution. It exhibits problem-solving intelligence rather than passively waiting for an answer to drop from above.
So how do you construct right questions?
A good question is rooted in humility. There's no assumption about entitlement to the answer. It's the attitude – being alert, thoughtful, observant, and willing to be an active partner in developing a solution- that matters. An attitude that contributes rather than merely demanding. This attitude leads to competence – the ability to ask a crisp, incisive, and thought-provoking question. The questioner deserves the answer because he's earned it by having the right attitude and right competence.
So take the time to prepare your question. Think it through.
I hope I haven't made a complete villain out of bad questions for they are the stepping stones to good questions. A good question is the product of a self-inquiry involving lots of bad questions but slowly, by deliberate practice, one becomes better in filtering out the bad ones. In that sense, stupid questions get the ball rolling.
In the science fiction comedy novel The Hitchhiker's Guide to Galaxy, humans build a supercomputer called Deep Thought. They ask Deep Thought to find out the answer to the ultimate question of life, the universe, and everything. The supercomputer gives an estimate of 7.5 million years to calculate the answer. After seven and a half millions year, the humans return to the supercomputer and wait for it to deliver the answer.
Deep Thought tells them that the answer is 42. Nobody likes that answer because nobody understands what 42 means.
Two observations stick out from this story.
First, humans wanted a precise answer to an abstract question. It was a bad question. They hadn't thought through the question as deeply as they should have.
Second, the human understanding was inadequate to make sense of the answer. How could a solution, that took 7.5 million years for Deep Thought to calculate, be understood by humans in few minutes?
So what do you do if you don't understand the answer?
A farmer has to prepare the soil before the seeds can turn into saplings. Similarly, the work that you do before asking the question makes the mind fertile enough for useful insights to germinate. Exercising the brain before asking the question creates the space for the answer. Investing sufficient time to grapple with the question prepares the mind to absorb the answer. This is where Socratic Solitaire helps.
Writing down your thoughts is the most powerful tool for crystallizing thinking and decision making. People who don't have a habit of writing down their questions are usually sloppy thinkers. Expressing your question clearly and well is important. If you can't be bothered to do that, you don't deserve an answer. The question doesn't have to be in flawless, stiff and formal language but it has to be precise. There has to be some indication that you're thinking and paying attention.
It's hard to give you — to quantify this. I know we try all the time, but to tell you the truth, Robin, it's sort of a waste of time for all of us…It's the kind of super detail that seems to matter on these kinds of calls, but really amounts to nothing in the long run.
The analyst made a fool of himself and blew away his opportunity to learn something useful from Steve. This example is from Hanson's article.
Good questions are the foundations for developing a deep understanding. They provide food for thought, something substantial for the mind to chew on. Good questions reveal problems that might have gone unnoticed in the past.
A good question is nothing less than a gift.
Unfortunately majority of business channel news anchors questions fall into the bad questions category (where is the sensex headed, will this high last, what are your current holdings).
Nice example of good question is Ramesh Damani's – The Wizards of Dalal Street series.
Thanks, Ram. I enjoy watching Ramesh Damani's interviews.
An ability to question also helps the other person to introspect or find the flow in his /her point. It actually works pretty well than arguing.
The Steve Wynn example might not be the best. First, bad timing around Steve Wynn… Second, it sounded more like he didn't know the answer and just wanted to blow off the analyst. But otherwise, a very interesting article.
Thanks for explaining it so well and in a simple way. I am so glad I happen to read this. I would always avoid networking with people to be dumbfounded to as silly questions. Hence I would avoid. But now this is a good framework to begin with.
You have articulated well and it resonated well with me. Thank you.
Request you to please share the link to Hanson's article, if you could.


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China blasts Trump and escalates trade battle after he makes abrupt reversal on tariffs
President Donald Trump on Tuesday announced that tariffs on $50 billion worth of Chinese goods would go forward despite a broad trade agreement.
In response, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce said it was "surprised" by the move but at the same time "somewhat expected" it.
China also promised to "defend the core interests of the people and the nations" in response to Trump's crackdown.
The Chinese government is urging President Donald Trump to return to the negotiating table after the White House announced that the US would move forward with a crackdown on trade with China.
The Trump administration said Tuesday that tariffs on $50 billion worth of Chinese goods would be finalized by June 15 despite a trade agreement reached between the two countries earlier this month. Following the agreement, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said the tariffs were "on hold."
In a statement Tuesday, a representative for the Chinese Ministry of Commerce took a subtle dig at Trump's constant back-and-forth on trade issues.
"We are surprised by the strategic statement released by the White House, but, at the same time, it is somewhat expected," the statement said. "It is obviously against the consensus reached by the US and China in Washington recently."
The possibility of inflamed trade tensions, coming just over a week after a trade war with China seemed unlikely, helped contribute to a tumble in US markets. The Dow Jones industrial average was down more than 400 points, or 1.6%, as of 12:30 p.m. ET.
In the statement, China also promised to defend its domestic economy in the event that the Trump administration continues the trade attacks.
"No matter what the actions that the US plans to take, China has the confidence, the capability, and the experience to defend the core interests of the people and the nation," the statement said.
In addition to the tariffs, the White House also announced forthcoming restrictions on Chinese investment in US tech companies.
The back-and-forth comes just days before Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross is scheduled to visit Beijing to continue talks with Chinese officials. The status of the agreement is unclear now that US tariffs look set to go forward.
But even with the overall tough tone of the statement, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce representative ended on a conciliatory note.
"China urges the United States of meet us halfway with the spirit of our joint statement," the representative said.
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TRT 1, este primul post național de televiziune turc. A fost lansat la 31 ianuarie 1968.

Introducere
TRT 1, primul canal de televiziune în Turcia, a început transmisiile lor de testare la 31 ianuarie 1968, și a început emisiunile naționale depline în decembrie 1971. Acesta a fost singurul canal în Turcia până în 15 septembrie 1986, atunci când TRT a început transmisiile de testare pentru 2. Kanal. De asemenea, este disponibil în Azerbaidjan, prin intermediul radiodifuziunii terestre.

Misiunea a TRT 1 este de a îmbunătăți viața oamenilor din Turcia, prin programe de informare, educare și divertisment.

Legături externe

Televiziuni din Turcia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Read this article to learn about the Genetic Material: Nature and Properties of Genetic Material !
Genetic material is that substance which not only controls the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next but is also able to express its effect through the formation and functioning of the traits.
Components of genetic material which control characters are called genes. Genes are located over chromosomes. In sexually reproducing organisms, an individual receives one genome or one set of chromosomes (and hence genes) from male parent and a second genome or set of chromosomes from female parent.
1. The hereditary information must be present in the coded form in the structure of genetic material and its genes.
2. The structural elements of the genetic material must be ubiquitous in their distribution.
3. It should have vast diversity as is found in the innumerable forms of life.
4. It should be able to replicate or form its carbon copies.
5. It should be present in all the cells.
6. It should be same both in quantity and quality in all the somatic cells of an individual.
7. The replicated genetic material must be transferred faithfully from a cell to its daughters and from one generation to the next.
8. Genetic material should be able to express itself through formation of specific bio-chemicals.
9. There should be some intrinsic control system for differential functioning of genetic material or its genes so that different parts of an organism are able to have specific size, structure and functions.
10. There should be a sort of biological clock in the expression of genetic material that governs development of embryo, juvenile state, mature state, sexual maturation and ageing.
11. There are occasional changes or mutations in the structure and functioning of its genes which are of permanent nature and inheritable. Mutations are essential for evolution and adaptability.
12. It should be stable both chemically and physically.
13. Genetic material must be able to express its effect in the form of Mendelian characters.
Living matter is made up of bio-chemicals. Therefore, genetic material should also be biochemical in nature. However, genetic material of an individual consists of several thousands of genes. Therefore, for a biochemical to be genetic material, it must have a large size and a high degree of variety. In nature there are two kinds of macromolecules which have such a diversity—proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid.
Each organism has numerous types of proteins. Proteins are made of amino acids. There are 20 amino acids which are commonly met in proteins. They can be arranged in any sequence and upto any length resulting in development of innumerable kinds of proteins. Proteins are universally found in all types of organisms. Therefore, proteins should be a strong candidate for genetic material.
However, they have no mechanism to get replicated. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA has the ability to get replicated. It is made of 4 types of nucleotides which are arranged variously to form long chain molecules. It has been proved experimentally that DNA is the genetic material for most of the organisms. RNA also acts as genetic material in some viruses.
Its major function is to act as messenger, adapter, structural and in some cases catalytic molecule. RNA is formed from DNA during transcription. Its genetic carries instructions that determine the sequence of amino acids in protein formed during translation. The nucleotide sequence of whole human genome has been determined in 2000. The number and sequence of various genes present in human chromosomes have also been determined in 2006.


text:
Q: Calculate tree sums per level using LINQ I have successfully created a tree with the following data I'm serving from .net core Web API. I'm using angular 4 and d3.js to render the tree. Apart from Id and parentId properties the data-set also has other properties such as unitPrice. I want to be able to calculate the totals per level considering that each level has it's own unitPrice e.g as per the tree diagram, Level 1 would be 100 * 10 = 1000. I managed to calculate all Level sums with Underscore Js, but I'd like to do all this functionality from the Web API side using `Linq. I'd have added what I've done so far, but it's mostly in angular, which is irrelevant to this question. Is there a way to do it with Linq?
     ## Id ##                           **parentId**
     ecbaee24da9c6ae57bd195bb53a8c157   null
     9b96247538f35dbe04e86200ebb4908b   ecbaee24da9c6ae57bd195bb53a8c157
     15a987d0c84833ca4bfe61c77dae1fc0   9b96247538f35dbe04e86200ebb4908b
     491ee869a19bd81bbe9fb39dc924d238   15a987d0c84833ca4bfe61c77dae1fc0
     da7c474ce0cda9e6591a6e5c7dcefe42   ecbaee24da9c6ae57bd195bb53a8c157
     cf27768cffb96d72b40b2a2801164a40   da7c474ce0cda9e6591a6e5c7dcefe42

Here is the tree image.


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Ever since the devastating and costly hurricane season of 2004, local homeowners are aware that they need to protect their homes against hurricane damage. However, a few years have passed and human nature tends to forget about the dangers and devastation that hurricanes can cause.
Even tropical storm-force winds are strong enough to be dangerous to those caught in them, and hurricane-force winds can easily destroy poorly constructed buildings and older mobile homes. Debris such as signs, roofing material, and small items left outside become flying missiles in a hurricane. Extensive damage to trees, towers, water and underground utility lines (from uprooted trees), and fallen poles cause considerable disruption.


Will it be possible to upload your mind?
This article was originally published by the ABC in 2015 and was written by Olivia Willis.
It sounds like an episode of Dr Who, but the possibility of emulating mental content has prompted a previously unthinkable question: could you really upload your mind?
'Today there are people who really think this idea is plausible, and that by means of technological developments, we will soon be capable to transfer our minds to a computer and therefore achieve some kind of immortality,' says Max Cappuccio, a philosopher of mind at United Arab Emirates University.
When I want to upload my mind to a computer, I'm not just interested in having a replica or a duplicate of my mind, but I want it to be exactly my mind that is transferring to the computer.
Setting aside the enormous technological issues, Cappuccio is struck by the philosophical questions—or rather, challenges—uploading the mind might pose.
'When I want to upload my mind to a computer, I'm not just interested in having a replica or a duplicate of my mind, but I want it to be exactly my mind that is transferring to the computer.
Cappuccio says that in order to achieve that goal, the hypothetical mind algorithm can't simply be qualitatively identical to the original, it must also be numerically identical—it must be 'one and the same' with the original.
'Now, there's a little problem with that,' says Cappuccio.
The principle of individuation, as imagined by Aristotle, is a criterion which supposedly determines whether we can have more than one of any one thing, based its material qualities and contingencies.
According to the theory, nothing can have an individual identity—and therefore become numerically identical—unless it holds material qualities and properties.
'Let's say I'm thinking of Pythagoras' theorem, and then you are also thinking of Pythagoras' theorem. Is it one and the same, or just two tokens of the same type?' asks Cuppuccio.
According to Cappuccio, this same argument applies to algorithms, including the 'mind upload' process.
'These [mental] operations are not real objects, they're relationships between objects, qualities or properties. But they're not real things in themselves,' says Cappuccio.
Cappuccio says it's a case of wanting to have our cake and eat it too.
'On the one hand, we are saying that minds are immaterial, and this is a requirement of mind upload because if minds were anything material, then basically we couldn't leave our body and gain what trans-humanists call this kind of liberation from the body.
Here, Cappuccio highlights a blatant contradiction: we want our mind to be something that is free from material character, but at the same time we want it to be something that is individually identical to itself.
As Cappuccio sees it, the idea of the 'mind upload' is classical Cartesianism, which says the mind is a non-physical substance wholly separate from the corporeal body.
This conception of mind runs into difficulties in the 21st century.
So is there a theory that can deal with the naturalism modern science points to?
Much work in recent years has been undertaken on the extended, embedded mind—the idea that what you think takes place within the confines of your skull is actually distributed more widely.
Cappuccio sees one particular branch of this new physical account as offering a better route to how things really are: radically enactive cognition (REC) theory. And it's implacably opposed to mind upload.
'I believe they are archenemies. They are two opposite points of view, and they exclude one another,' says Cappuccio.
Instead, Cappuccio says representational content belongs in socio-cultural and linguistic domains, because it is the product of human social practice and communication capability.
But according to the REC theory, we cannot attribute these representational functions to the basic functioning of our brain like mind upload does.
The battle between the two theories is not just a thought experiment for idle moments. It has some major ramifications in one very important modern arena—the drive to create artificial intelligence.
'The root of intelligence is in … this immediate responsiveness and capability to adapt. And this adaptability cannot exist if you're not embodied if you're not situated in real life contingencies,' says Cappuccio.
Luc Steels, one of the world's leading robotics researchers, is putting the theory to the test.
He's trying to get robots to talk to one another, and in the process is putting into practice the re-think Cappuccio entertains: the idea that the mind is perhaps not where we think it is.
He says it all began with some early work with two electronic tortoises called Elmer and Elsie, who were pitted against each other for scarce resources.
In the beginning, the robots were doing everything according to their programming.
According to Steels, this division of labour and apparent social inequality was not part of the programming.
'Nevertheless, this kind of phenomenon emerged in this population,' he says.
The program's learning mechanism was 'very simple', according to Steels, and the results indicate critical lessons about the significance of environmental factors.
'There was just one parameter … inside the program, which the robot itself can change, and so it is increasing or decreasing that parameter based on its experience with the environment.
'This, I think, is a major, important point,' says Steels.
According to Steels, some earlier robotics studies were also motivated by a desire to understand the origins of complex behaviour.
But unlike previous experiments that focused on complexities arising from within the agents themselves, Steels was more interested in exploring how environmental factors shaped the robots behaviour.
'This is how I then came back to my interest in language and trying to understand how complex language could arise,' he says.
Steels says that his research demonstrates that forms of language between robots can emerge through their interaction with the environment and with others.
Above all, Steels believes embodiment is crucial to this process, and it's why he uses real robots in his research.
'You could do a lot with simulation … but actually the real challenge is to show that language is emerging out of embodied interactions between these agents,' says the researcher.
Steels points to space as an example of why embodiment is so important: the concepts of left and right and front and back only make sense when you have a real body and matching orientation.
'The sensory inputs that you get from your vision system and from the interaction with the environment are the foundation on which you build concepts. These concepts and therefore the language have to be grounded in the bodily interaction with the world,' says Steels.
In relation to the idea of a mind upload, the obvious question is whether it's possible to be ourselves if we are not incarnated.
'Can you imagine still being yourself if you abandoned completely all the [physical] properties and qualities that characterise you as yourself?' asks Max Cappuccio.
For his part, Luc Steels reckons he's onto the big one— just how it is that we come to be ourselves. In the process he's most likely proving the power of REC as a coherent explanation of what and where mind is.


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Enter to win a brand new erg from Concept2.
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"The funny old thing about life, it's what you make of it."
Life is often compared to a game of cards. You cannot control what you're dealt, but you can control what you do with those cards.
I feel this metaphor is often not properly framed. You have only one hand.
Playing conservatively, wildly, blind or cheating are all legitimate strategies. However, remember to consider that what you do in this round affects future players.


This week I had the pleasure of spending an evening with my younger daughter Emily. Big sis Corrie was spending the night at a friend's house and we had a special mommy-daughter night. Emily was delighted to have me all to herself! At age 7, she has been home just two years and she has thoroughly embraced her new life.
Can you imagine being 5 ½ years old and never having anyone sit down and read you a book? Try to imagine seeing beautiful snow outside but never being allowed to play in it. Or how about still being hungry after dinner and not having any chance to get more to eat. What about wanting a hug but no one being willing to give you one? This is just a small part of what Emily experienced during her years in China.
There is not a day that goes by without her telling me how much she loves me and how happy she is to be here and have a family. She has a much different perspective on life because she was older at the time of adoption. She knows what her life would have been had she not been adopted. I know that we are never to expect our children to be grateful for becoming part of a family half way round the world (after all they leave all that they have ever known behind), but Emily is very grateful. She thanks me on a regular basis for her new life.
After I got my LSC, I sent her a box of stuff including a three page letter filled with all of the questions I thought she would have about her new life and family and the answers to those questions. She knew, before we ever met, that I was an eye doctor, that she had an older sister, that she would have her own room, and that Mommy was going to take her to the doctor to get her back fixed(she has scoliosis). We even went to Build a Bear and recorded my voice saying Ni Hao Ru Ping, Wo Ai Ni. (Hello Ru Ping, I love you!) Emily recognized my voice right away as the voice of the bear! I included photos of her new family and our house.
I knew to meet her where she was at, letting her hug me and sit on my lap. I even let her paint my nails bright red. Orphanage kids are often younger emotionally than they are chronologically. It would not be unusual to have a newly adopted 10 yr old want to sit on your lap and snuggle. Even today, two years after being adopted, she LOVES to snuggle!
Well, since we had several months before travel, my older daughter and I took a fairly intensive course and we learned how to speak, read, and in Corrie's case write Mandarin. It was actually fun to learn another language and it has really helped me understand Emily's difficulties in learning English. For instance, there is no conjugation of verbs in Mandarin: he is, they is, you is, you is yesterday, etc. There is also one word that covers singular pronouns: Ta is used for he, she and it. Having a basic vocabulary in Mandarin REALLY helped in the first few months.
One very funny episode happened in China where it was helpful to know what Emily was talking about. Our first day in Guangzhou, Emily got to swim for the first time. She absolutely loved it and we went three times. Upon awakening on day two, Emily announced to us:" Bu Zaofan, hui yoyo! "NO breakfast, go swimming!" We went to breakfast anyway because the pool hadn't opened yet. Emily just sat there, arms folded refusing to eat. Then my sweet daughter Corrie told her: Yi Zaofan, Er hui yoyo. One breakfast, two swimming. She was OK after that.
Of all of the potential issues with older child adoption, I would have to say that language acquisition is the most common and predictable challenge. If you expect your child to be fluent in English in six months, you are being unrealistic. It can take five years or more to become completely fluent in another language and some older kids never really become entirely fluent. Emily now tests as being proficient in English but she still makes numerous grammatical errors in her speech and writing. She is constantly learning more vocabulary but many of the words she is learning are words her peers already know. She is getting straight A's in first grade but she is about a year older than most of the other children in her class. Reading is just becoming fun to her because she now has most of the background vocabulary to understand the story. I spend more time helping her with her reading because we often have to go over what she has read to make sure she truly understands it.
If you don't think you will have the patience to provide long-term additional academic support for your older adopted child, you should reconsider adopting in this age range.
I guess I would say count on it! To quote Forest Gump, "Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're gonna get." Your child's adoption file accuracy is limited by the descriptive abilities of the person preparing the file and the medical resources available. Fortunately in my daughter's case, everything that was written about her personality and academic ability was right on. She is a sweet, very bright little girl who excels in math which was described well in her file.
However, the information about her medical condition was not complete. There ended up being more wrong with her back than scoliosis. An MRI showed that she also has a mild form of spina bifida called diastematomyelia. An ultrasound showed she has one kidney. The kidney works fine thankfully. She had her spinal cord detethered(the spina bifida part) prior to getting a rod put in her back for the scoliosis. I had researched her special need and I did know going into the adoption that there was a chance that she could have spina bifida. I am actually glad that I did not know the full extent of her condition. I would have felt too intimidated by it to pursue adopting and I would have missed out on a totally awesome kid!
4) What about the flip side of this: What if YOU aren't exactly like what your new child is expecting?
Remember, if you are adopting an older child, you are adopting a fully formed person with their own opinions, thoughts and dreams. In Emily's case, even with all of the prep work on my part, I still wasn't quite what she had pictured in her mind. She could not get over the size of my nose! Mama yo da beize! (Mama has big nose!) Apparently the two dimensional photos did not prepare her for the three dimensional reality! She stared at my nose with a mixture of horror and fascination for days. She would measure my nose with her fingers, then compare it with hers. She also wanted to have a mama with long hair. I even tried to grow my hair out but it's very thick so it just didn't happen. As an adult, with full reasoning ability, we can handle altering our expectations much more easily than a child can. Please remember give your new child acceptance and time to adjust to their new reality.
In conclusion, I am very happy to have adopted an older child! I hope that by being candid about my experience you have gained more insight into what it would be like to adopt an older child and I hope that some of you decide to take the leap of faith and pursue it!


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Australian Exposure Information Platform (AEIP): uncovering national exposure
Research outputs and artefacts
The Australian Exposure Information Platform
The Australian Exposure Information Platform (AEIP) was built on the CRC-funded Natural Hazard Exposure Information Modelling Framework and developed in partnership with Geoscience Australia. It uses inputs from Geoscience Australia's National Exposure Information System (NEXIS). Its focus is to provide nationally consistent exposure information for emergency management by supplying key stakeholders with direct access to the information they need at the onset of a crisis through a web platform. The platform allows anyone to generate a report for any area of Australia at any time – before, during and after a hazard event has occurred.
The AEIP includes a complex model of how various assets are vulnerable to a number of hazards. The AEIP displays impacts on people, buildings, infrastructure, businesses, hazardous substances, agriculture and environmental assets, resulting from critical infrastructure failures, natural or human-induced hazards. For example, built environment exposure considers usage type, structural system, number of stories, size, age, etc. Business and economics exposure considers the type of business, assets and activities to assess the level of business continuity, disruption and recovery that might occur.
Users are able to rapidly gain a holistic understanding of what is exposed and at risk within an area. End users enjoy the sense of empowerment through the AEIP - they can select the area of interest, the type of exposure data themes they require as well as other contextual information. The resulting report is generated automatically and delivered by email.
Geoscience Australia and research teams from the University of Canberra and the University of Melbourne collaborated to develop the AEIP. The software has extensive support from end users who are involved in emergency management, risk assessment, impact analysis research and disaster management. These are stakeholders that are required to understand how severe a natural disaster might become and the associated exposure risks. These organisations include the Crisis Coordination Centre of Emergency Management Australia, the insurance sector and several Australian, state and local government agencies, industries and universities.
Previously, users faced delays while Geoscience Australia manually assembled exposure reports during emergencies. AEIP has sped up the process considerably by enabling users to quickly and easily create customised exposure reports. Organisations have access to on-the-fly scenario event assessments by either completing a simple form through AEIP's web mapping application or by connecting their applications directly via the API.
The beta version of AEIP was released in August 2018 and was intended to roll out during the 2018-19 fire season. That season produced more than 1500 exposure reports by more than 200 users. Improvements were made based on feedback.
The platform was in demand during the Queensland flooding in December 2018 when 400 exposure reports were created in one week by government agencies. This assisted organisations with rapid and smarter decision-making, which saw a reduction in the loss of life and economic damage.
During Cyclone Veronica (March 2019), agencies were able to use the platform to understand exposures in the Pilbara in Western Australia that were under threat. The platform determined the vulnerabilities of structures and the population to tropical cyclones such as Veronica and other hazards. The Community Preparedness Branch within the WA Government used AEIP to identify vulnerable communities and to tailor community engagement based on demographic information.
During the 2019/20 bushfire season, the number of exposure reports produced from the AEIP was in excess of 14,500 by more than 200 individual users from more than 90 organisations (August 2019 to March 2020). Users such as NSW Rural Fire Service have integrated the API with their own applications and are producing thousands of valuable reports each month, with particularly high use during the 2019/20 bushfire season.
Western Power, a WA-based energy provider, has been regular user of the platform with more than 700,000 reports recently created.
AEIP map showing areas of interest for end-users. Source: AEIP.
The figure above represents the aggregated use of AEIP web mapping between December 2019 and March 2020. The lines on this map show the areas that exposure reports were generated for. Exposure reports were generated for both small and large areas, covering all states and territories. Dark-blue areas show multiple AEIP queries, correlating with extreme weather events, for example the 2019/20 bushfires.
During a crisis, when demand for information to inform decisions is extremely high, the AEIP is at its most valuable. By speeding up the delivery of vital exposure information in an automated format, its nationally consistent and accessible approach to data ensures that information and decision making across jurisdictional borders can be done in a way that is comparable and quantifiable.
You can access the AEIP here.
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