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Name Cesar Chavez
Role Civil rights activist
Full Name Cesar Estrada Chavez
Born March 31, 1927 (1927-03-31) Yuma, Arizona, U.S.
Occupation Farm worker Labor leader Civil rights activist
Died April 23, 1993, San Luis, Arizona, United States
Spouse Helen Fabela Chavez (m. 1948–1993)
Children Fernando Chavez, Anthony Chavez
Similar People Dolores Huerta, Helen Fabela Chavez, Robert F Kennedy, Martin Luther King - Jr, Diego Luna
Organizations founded United Farm Workers
Cesar chavez an american hero official international trailer 1 2014 michael pe a movie hd
Cesar Chavez (born César Estrada Chávez, [ˈsesaɾ esˈtɾaða ˈtʃaβes]; March 31, 1927 – April 23, 1993) was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later the United Farm Workers union, UFW) in 1962. Originally a Mexican American farm worker, Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nationwide support. By the late 1970s, his tactics had forced growers to recognize the UFW as the bargaining agent for 50,000 field workers in California and Florida. However, by the mid-1980s membership in the UFW had dwindled to around 15,000.
Cesar chavez movie clip huelga 2014 america ferrera michael pe a movie hd
Activism 19521976
Legislative campaigns
Setbacks and a change of direction 19761988
Places and things named after Cesar Chavez
Other commemorations
During his lifetime, Colegio Cesar Chavez was one of the few institutions named in his honor, but after his death he became a major historical icon for the Latino community, with many schools, streets, and parks being named after him. He has since become an icon for organized labor and leftist politics, symbolizing support for workers and for Hispanic empowerment based on grass roots organizing. He is also famous for popularizing the slogan "Sí, se puede" (Spanish for "Yes, one can" or, roughly, "Yes, it can be done"), which was adopted as the 2008 campaign slogan of Barack Obama. His supporters say his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers. Although the UFW faltered a few years after Chavez died in 1993, he became an iconic "folk saint" in the pantheon of Mexican Americans. His birthday, March 31, has become Cesar Chavez Day, a state holiday in California, Colorado, and Texas.
Chavez was born on March 31, 1927, in Yuma, Arizona, in a Mexican-American family of six children. He was the son of Juana Estrada and Librado Chávez. He had two brothers, Richard (1929–2011) and Librado, and two sisters, Rita and Vicki. He was named after his grandfather, Cesario. Chavez grew up in a small adobe home, the same home in which he was born. His family owned a grocery store and a ranch, but their land was lost during the Great Depression. The family's home was taken away after his father had agreed to clear eighty acres of land in exchange for the deed to the house, an agreement which was subsequently broken. Later, when Chavez's father attempted to purchase the house, he could not pay the interest on the loan and the house was sold back to its original owner. His family then moved to California to become migrant farm workers.
The Chavez family faced many hardships in California. The family would pick peas and lettuce in the winter, cherries and beans in the spring, corn and grapes in the summer, and cotton in the fall. When Chavez was a teenager, he and his older sister Rita would help other farm workers and neighbors by driving those unable to drive to the hospital to see a doctor.
In 1942, Chavez quit school in the seventh grade. It would be his final year of formal schooling, because he did not want his mother to have to work in the fields. Chavez dropped out to become a full-time migrant farm worker. In 1946 he joined the United States Navy and served for two years. Chavez had hoped that he would learn skills in the Navy that would help him later when he returned to civilian life. Later, Chavez described his experience in the military as "the two worst years of my life".
Activism, 1952–1976
Chavez worked in the fields until 1952, when he became an organizer for the Community Service Organization (CSO), a Latino civil rights group. Father Donald McDonnell who served in Santa Clara County introduced Fred Ross, a community organizer, to Cesar Chavez. Chavez urged Mexican Americans to register and vote, and he traveled throughout California and made speeches in support of workers' rights. He later became CSO's national director in 1958.
In 1962, Chavez left the CSO and co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) with Dolores Huerta. It was later called the United Farm Workers (UFW).
When Filipino American farm workers initiated the Delano grape strike on September 8, 1965, to protest for higher wages, Chavez eagerly supported them. Six months later, Chavez and the NFWA led a strike of California grape pickers on the historic farmworkers march from Delano to the California state capitol in Sacramento for similar goals. The UFW encouraged all Americans to boycott table grapes as a show of support. The strike lasted five years and attracted national attention. In March 1966, the U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare's Subcommittee on Migratory Labor held hearings in California on the strike. During the hearings, subcommittee member Robert F. Kennedy expressed his support for the striking workers.
These activities led to similar movements in Southern Texas in 1966, where the UFW supported fruit workers in Starr County, Texas, and led a march to Austin, in support of UFW farm workers' rights. In the Midwest, Chavez's movement inspired the founding of two midwestern independent unions: Obreros Unidos in Wisconsin in 1966, and the Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) in Ohio in 1967. Former UFW organizers would also found the Texas Farm Workers Union in 1975.
In the early 1970s, the UFW organized strikes and boycotts—including the Salad Bowl strike, the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history—to protest for, and later win, higher wages for those farm workers who were working for grape and lettuce growers. He again fasted to draw public attention. UFW organizers believed that a reduction in produce sales by 15% was sufficient to wipe out the profit margin of the boycotted product.
Chavez undertook a number of "spiritual fasts", regarding the act as "a personal spiritual transformation". In 1968, he fasted for 25 days, promoting the principle of nonviolence. In 1970, Chavez began a fast of "thanksgiving and hope" to prepare for pre-arranged civil disobedience by farm workers. Also in 1972, he fasted in response to Arizona's passage of legislation that prohibited boycotts and strikes by farm workers during the harvest seasons. These fasts were influenced by the Catholic tradition of penance and by Mohandas Gandhi's fasts and emphasis of nonviolence.
The UFW during Chavez's tenure was committed to restricting immigration. Chavez and Dolores Huerta, cofounder and president of the UFW, fought the Bracero Program that existed from 1942 to 1964. Their opposition stemmed from their belief that the program undermined U.S. workers and exploited the migrant workers. Since the Bracero Program ensured a constant supply of cheap immigrant labor for growers, immigrants could not protest any infringement of their rights, lest they be fired and replaced. Their efforts contributed to Congress ending the Bracero Program in 1964. In 1973, the UFW was one of the first labor unions to oppose proposed employer sanctions that would have prohibited hiring illegal immigrants. Later during the 1980s, while Chavez was still working alongside Huerta, he was key in getting the amnesty provisions into the 1986 federal immigration act.
On a few occasions, concerns that illegal immigrant labor would undermine UFW strike campaigns led to a number of controversial events, which the UFW describes as anti-strikebreaking events, but which have also been interpreted as being anti-immigrant. In 1969, Chavez and members of the UFW marched through the Imperial and Coachella Valleys to the border of Mexico to protest growers' use of illegal immigrants as strikebreakers. Joining him on the march were Reverend Ralph Abernathy and U.S. Senator Walter Mondale. In its early years, the UFW and Chavez went so far as to report illegal immigrants who served as strikebreaking replacement workers (as well as those who refused to unionize) to the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
In 1973, the United Farm Workers set up a "wet line" along the United States-Mexico border to prevent Mexican immigrants from entering the United States illegally and potentially undermining the UFW's unionization efforts. During one such event, in which Chavez was not involved, some UFW members, under the guidance of Chavez's cousin Manuel, physically attacked the strikebreakers after peaceful attempts to persuade them not to cross the border failed.
Chavez had long preferred grassroots action to legislative work, but in 1974, propelled by the recent election of the pro-union Jerry Brown as governor of California, as well as a costly battle with the Teamsters union over the organizing of farmworkers, Chavez decided to try to work toward legal victories. Once in office Brown's support for the UFW cooled. The UFW decided to organize a 110-mile (180 km) march by a small group of UFW leaders from San Francisco to the E & J Gallo Winery in Modesto. Just a few hundred marchers left San Francisco on February 22, 1975. By the time they reached Modesto on March 1, however, more than 15,000 people had joined the march en route. The success of the Modesto march garnered significant media attention, and helped convince Brown and others that the UFW still had significant popular support.
On June 4, 1975, Governor Brown signed into law the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act (ALRA), which established collective bargaining for farmworkers. The act set up the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB) to oversee the process.
In mid-1976, the ALRB ran out of its budgeted money for the year, as a result of a massive amount of work in setting up farmworker elections. The California legislature refused to allocate more money, so the ALRB closed shop for the year. In response, Chavez gathered signatures in order to place Proposition 14 on the ballot, which would guarantee the right of union organizers to visit and recruit farmworkers, even if it meant trespassing on private property controlled by farm owners. The proposition went before California voters in November 1976, but was defeated by a 2–1 margin.
Setbacks and a change of direction, 1976–1988
As a result of the failure of Proposition 14, Chavez decided that the UFW suffered from disloyalty, poor motivation and lack of communication. He felt that the union needed to turn into a "movement". He took inspiration from the Synanon community of California (which he had visited previously), which had begun as a drug rehabilitation center before turning into a New Age religious organization. Synanon had pioneered what they referred to as "the Game", in which each member would be singled out in turn to receive harsh, profanity-laced criticism from the rest of the community. Chavez instituted "the Game" at UFW, having volunteers, including senior members of the organization, receive verbal abuse from their peers. He also fired many members, whom he accused of disloyalty; in some cases he accused volunteers of being spies for either the Republican Party or the Communists.
In 1977, Chavez attempted to reach out to Filipino-American farmworkers in a way that ended up backfiring. Acting on the advice of former UFW leader Andy Imutan, Chavez met with then-President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos in Manila and endorsed the regime, which was seen by human rights advocates and religious leaders as a vicious dictatorship. This caused a further rift within the UFW, which led to Philip Vera Cruz's resignation from the organization.
During this time, Chavez also clashed with other UFW members about policy issues, including the possible creation of local unions for the UFW, which was typical for national unions but which Chavez was firmly against, on the grounds that it detracted from his vision for the UFW as a movement.
By the end of the 1970s, only one member of the UFW's original board of directors remained in place.
In the 1980s, with the UFW declining, Chavez got into real-estate development; some of the development projects he was involved with used non-union construction workers, which The New Yorker later termed an "embarrassment".
In 1988, Chavez attempted another grape boycott, to protest the exposure of farmworkers to pesticides. Bumper stickers reading "NO GRAPES" and "UVAS NO" (the translation in Spanish) were widespread. However, the boycott failed. As a result, Chavez undertook what was to be his last fast. He fasted for 35 days before being convinced by others to start eating again. He lost 30 pounds during the fast, and it caused health problems that may have contributed to his death.
When Chavez returned home from his service in the military in 1948, he married his high school sweetheart, Helen Fabela. The couple moved to San Jose, California, where they had eight children.
Chavez was a vegan, both because he believed in animal rights and also for his health.
Chavez died on April 23, 1993, of unspecified natural causes in San Luis, Arizona, in the home of former farm worker and longtime friend Dofla Maria Hau. Chavez was in Arizona helping UFW attorneys defend the union against a lawsuit. Shortly after his death, his widow, Helen Chavez, donated his black nylon union jacket to the National Museum of American History, a branch of the Smithsonian.
Chavez is buried at the National Chavez Center, on the headquarters campus of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW), at 29700 Woodford-Tehachapi Road in the Keene community of unincorporated Kern County, California.
He received belated full military honors from the US Navy at his graveside on April 23, 2015, the 22nd anniversary of his death.
There is a portrait of Chavez in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C.
In 2003, the United States Postal Service honored Chavez with a postage stamp.
The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) nominated him three times for the Nobel Peace Prize.
One of Chavez's grandchildren is the professional golfer Sam Chavez.
In 1973, Chavez received the Jefferson Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged.
In 1992, Chavez was awarded the Catholic Church's Pacem in Terris Award, named after a 1963 encyclical by Pope John XXIII calling upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations.
On September 8, 1994, Chavez was presented posthumously with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton. The award was received by his widow, Helen Chavez.
On December 6, 2006, California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Chavez into the California Hall of Fame.
Across the United States, and especially in California, there have been many parks, streets, schools, libraries, university buildings and other establishments named after Chavez. In addition, the census-designated place of Cesar Chavez, Texas is named after him.
Colegio Cesar Chavez, named after Chavez while he was still alive, was a four-year "college without walls" in Mount Angel, Oregon, intended for the education of Mexican-Americans, that ran from 1973 to 1983.
On May 18, 2011, Navy Secretary Ray Mabus announced that the Navy would be naming the last of 14 Lewis and Clark-class cargo ships after Cesar Chavez. The USNS Cesar Chavez was launched on May 5, 2012.
In 2004, the National Chavez Center was opened on the UFW national headquarters campus in Keene by the César E. Chávez Foundation. It currently consists of a visitor center, memorial garden and his grave site. When it is fully completed, the 187-acre (0.76 km2) site will include a museum and conference center to explore and share Chavez's work.
On September 14, 2011, the U.S. Department of the Interior added the 187 acres (76 ha) Nuestra Senora Reina de La Paz ranch to the National Register of Historic Places.
On October 8, 2012, President Barack Obama designated the Cesar E. Chavez National Monument within the National Park system.
California State University San Marcos's Chavez Plaza includes a statue to Chavez. In 2007, The University of Texas at Austin unveiled its own Cesar Chavez statue on campus.
The Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008 authorized the National Park Service to conduct a special resource study of sites that are significant to the life of Cesar Chavez and the farm labor movement in the western United States. The study evaluated the significance and suitability of sites significant to Cesar Chavez and the farm labor movement, and the feasibility and appropriateness of a National Park Service role in the management of any of these sites.
Cesar Chavez's birthday, March 31, is a state holiday in California, Colorado, and Texas. It is intended to promote community service in honor of Chavez's life and work. Many, but not all, state government offices, community colleges, and libraries are closed. Many public schools in the three states are also closed. Chavez Day is an optional holiday in Arizona. Although it is not a federal holiday, President Barack Obama proclaimed March 31 "Cesar Chavez Day" in the United States, with Americans being urged to "observe this day with appropriate service, community, and educational programs to honor César Chávez's enduring legacy".
The heavily Hispanic city of Laredo, Texas, observes "Cesar Chavez Month" during March. Organized by the local League of United Latin American Citizens, a citizens' march is held in downtown Laredo on the last Saturday morning of March to commemorate Chavez. Among those attending are local politicians and students.
In the Mission District, San Francisco a "Cesar Chavez Holiday Parade" is held on the second weekend of April, in honor of Cesar Chavez. The parade includes traditional Native American dances, union visibility, local music groups, and stalls selling Latino products.
Chavez was referenced by Stevie Wonder in the song "Black Man" from the 1976 album Songs in the Key of Life.
He is referenced in the 1998 American crime drama, American History X.
The 2014 American film César Chávez, starring Michael Peña as Chavez, covered Chavez's life in the 1960s and early 1970s.
Cesar Chavez Wikipedia
Similar TopicsDiego Luna
Dolores Huerta
Robert F Kennedy


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For an ever increasing population of middle- and upper-class members of society, today's era is one characterized by plenty and abundance. If you're hungry an hour after breakfast, chances are that you don't need more than five minutes to land your hands on something to satisfy your craving, minimal preparation required. At the grocery store, produce and ingredients from places once considered far-flung and exotic are stacked in glorious pyramids, having made their trek in high-tech, refrigerated shipping containers in the span of a few short days. Bilingually labeled snacks manufactured in factories halfway across the globe are both affordable and convenient whenever the craving for haggis-, or matcha-, or harissa-flavored munchies kicks in. It's not just our food that comes so easily—so, too, do the clothes we wear. In an era of high fashion, athleisure, and everything in between, when styles are rolled out on a seasonal basis and fast fashion trends disappear only to reappear four years later, it's easy to own twenty sweaters, thirty pairs of shoes, and fourteen different coats and parkas and capes. Then there are our phones, tablets, e-readers, laptops, and portable speakers, dragging with them the tangled jumble of wires, chargers, dongles, and adaptors that live like a nest of snakes in a drawer or the back of a room.
How is it that we can own so much stuff? Money can't be the only explanation; our ability to obtain any of the above doesn't seem to depend on whether we're debt-laden students with tuition to pay, or well-salaried executives with cushy paychecks. What does play a role, regardless of social rank or status, is the constant exposure to the sometimes subliminal, sometimes obvious marketing messages about the things we don't yet own. There exists a prevalent idea that one mark of entrepreneurship and stand-out design is the ability to create something that people need, before we even know we need it. From social media, to billboards in the subway station, to commercials and talk shows conducted over AM and FM wavelengths, we learn of the newest and latest products, and can be easily persuaded that these items will help us to attain a particular lifestyle of leisure, efficiency, or coolness. Even if you don't make the purchase yourself, the objects may very well end up in your home, courtesy of a well-intentioned family member of friend, in the guise of a winter holiday gift or a birthday present.
Centuries old debates center on how much stuff is necessary, and how much of it is too much . Many of these arguments revolved around the concept of human well-being and happiness, and were concerned with what was required to achieve an existence of bliss and contentment. To some, the ideal state was one in which you had the material items necessary to meet basic needs, like eating and drinking, while avoiding a difficult or painful life at one end of the spectrum and dispensing with the ambition for greater wealth or status on the other. Accordingly, a set of bowls would be acceptable for a family of four, but artistically decorated platters of highly refined porcelain carrying the mark of a famous kiln in Jingdezhen or Meissen could be conceived as excessive, particularly if ownership of the item only served to elevate your social or financial status. To others, a true understanding of human existence could only be obtained when everything was discarded and stripped away, leaving behind the most minimal pieces required for survival. From this point of view, a bowl wouldn't be necessary, because your hands could serve the same function to cup a handful of water or hold a crust of bread. In essence, these debates boil down to what we are content to have: have too much and you yearn for more, have too little and you feel as if you don't have enough.
The perfect amount of stuff, assuming the concept exists, could be considered a moving target, for it probably depends on the person in question as well as the time and place one finds oneself in. Logically, we might assume that there is always something to get rid of, as long as our circumstances continue to change. The concept of minimalism has long since entered mainstream culture, giving rise to the popularity of capsule wardrobes and the energetic responses surrounding methods like KonMari . According to these contemporary philosophies, we discard that which is not used or does not fall sufficiently high along the (sometimes arbitrary) barometer we use to measure daily joy. What we should be left with, at the end, is a carefully curated collection of things that we are happy to claim as belonging to us.
Belonging, however, is a word with more than one meaning. As a noun, it describes something that you possess, usually existing within boundaries that demarcate a space as yours (your bedroom, your work desk, your gym locker). As a verb, it is also a way of defining your relationship and identity relative to a group of people, a place, or a time. In the latter sense of the word, perhaps an item is only properly referred to as one of your belongings if it somehow contributes to your life story or your sense of who you are. Such a piece of your property might be one that you saved up for months or years to purchase by pinching every last penny of your expendable income, or it might be a memento acquired from a family member as a reminder of your history, or a token of thoughtfulness from a friend or co-worker who saw a souvenir that reminded them so much of you that they felt compelled to buy it for you.
With the recent arrival of the New Year comes the expectation for a fresh slate and the ability to restart on the right foot. As our friends share their new year's resolutions and begin to detail their plans for the year's great adventures, many of us take advantage of the burst of motivation and energy to sort through our homes. Out with the old, or broken, or dust-collecting, and in with the new, and fabulous, and the next great thing. In some cultures, cleaning the home and tossing out the things that need to be replaced is symbolic of making space for good luck: forget to sweep out the dirt in the entry hall or wipe down the dust on the blinds, and you just might retain the bad luck from the prior year. For many of us, the act of cleaning out the closet and purging the cupboards is also a way to regain some physical space—whether for less visual clutter, or to have room for new purchases.
The act of purging our belongings might also be an effect of trying to get rid of the parts of ourselves that we aren't particularly fond of. Those outfits from five or ten years ago might be the ones we last wore when we were immature college freshmen or overly-eager job hunters, and the desire to push them away may stem from the personas we are trying to project: cool, collected, sophisticated. Or, those figurines on the nightstand and the stuffed animals on our beds might remind us of our childishness in years past, which detract from our attempts to appear adult and responsible, or our interior design goals of clean, modern living. The need to curate our lives is increasingly pressurized in the era of Instagram influencers and personal brands. However, if our belongings are a representation of the communities we have a membership in and a link to our life stories, getting rid of those items means getting a rid of part of ourselves. Such a decision shouldn't be dependent on whim or fancy.
Bagging up our belongings for the curb might be an act of haste, and one that we would do well to reconsider. It is important not only to consider whether something is truly useful or essential, but also to remember why we have it in the first place. A shirt I haven't worn for two years, not because it doesn't fit, but because I have no occasion to wear it, or because it's no longer trendy, or because someone passed it on to me and I never liked it that much anyway, isn't necessarily valueless. In fact, if I give it a last scrutinizing look, I might realize that it resembles the shirt I was admiring on my friend the other day, or recall that my aunt bought it for me because it looked like something a young adult having fun might wear. That might be reason enough to save the article from the discard pile—and feel like I have something new to wear, simply by adding it to my wardrobe rotation. By simply considering why I might want to keep it, rather than (or, at least, in addition to) making a list of reasons why I don't want it, I remind myself of the important memories associated with the object. Like anything else, our appreciation for the items we own and use requires some mental reinforcement and dedicated time for reflection. If we simply get rid of things because we don't use them anymore, without taking the time to remember that they are waiting on our hangers and shelves and cubbies, then almost everything will end up in the trash. After all, if we own so many things, aren't we going to forget about some of them every once in a while?


Brooklyn transplant Dominique de Bourgknecht started baby deedee when she couldn't find any suitable sleep sacks for her young kids. Today, the Port Chester-based company sells a line of cozy sleepwear that's a hit with parents (and tired kids!) everywhere. Find the products at Silver Spoon (Bronxville), Miller's (Mamaroneck), and Twinkle Toes Baby (Rye).
In the year since opening, more than 40,000 visitors have flocked to the Westchester Children's Museum. No wonder — the 6,500 sq ft facility offers everything from a toddler "beach" to a build-your-own-roller-coaster station, a reading nook, areas for creativity and construction, and even a makerspace, with design, technology, and science activities.
For a rockin' experience, immerse your kids in Songs for Seeds, a weekly 45-minute music class for children, newborn to 6 years old. Through a series of interactive activities, your little ones will play instruments, sing, and dance along with a three-piece band. The program's stellar teacher/musicians take students on a fun musical journey that is sure to amaze.
Don't tell the kids, but they can learn while they play. The HPL Play 2 Learn Festival features dozens of hands-on activities in eight play zones centered on creativity, science, music and dance, physical fitness, sensory experience, make-believe, construction, and technology. It's a free event to be held this year in Riis Park, outside the Harrison library on Sunday, Sept 10, 11 a.m.–3 p.m.
This karate academy goes beyond teaching moves and techniques. Its comprehensive approach also ensures that students of all ages understand the philosophy behind the moves. Plus, with classes broadcast live into the waiting room, parents don't have to wait and wonder.
Got a budding thespian on your hands? The Westchester Sandbox Theatre should be your main-stage venue. The center produces 10 youth-theater shows each year, giving local acting wannabes plenty of chances to be onstage. Also available are acting lessons and school-break theater camps.
Dress your little ones in the timeless, classic style of Prince George and Princess Charlotte from this designer children's fashion boutique that's the latest incarnation of erstwhile town fixture Fierson's. Expect items from such esteemed designers as Kissy Kissy, Torres, Carriage Boutique, and David Charles.
Westchester offers a wealth of options for just about everything kid-related. But where there are choices, there is confusion. That's where ParentNation comes in. Developed by Scarsdale couple Renee and Josh Levine, the site offers advice and feedback from other parents on a wide range of local children's services, like daycare centers, pediatricians, and birthday-party venues.
Tucked upstairs in a coffee shop serving fair-trade organic coffee and teas, a lovingly curated selection of classic and contemporary kids' books awaits lucky little readers and adults who love them. Owners and Bedford Corners residents Peter and Gretchen Menzies select every book, with story times offered twice a month.
Obsessed with Star Wars figurines from the '70s? Love LEGO sets from the early '90s? Seeking Smurfs or Fisher-Price originals? You're in luck at this Tarrytown gem, open since 2008. You can also pick up newer brands, like Melissa & Doug, Hape, and Green Toys.
Not only is the Rockin' Jump trampoline park a destination for fabulous fun, it's also inclusive. Its regularly scheduled "Sensory Jump Time," for kids with special needs, is free of crowds, low on sound and banishes the need to wear the requisite Rockin' Jump socks. Looking for that elusive perfect kid's gift? A Rockin' Jump gift card rocks!


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In the future, new and renewing SDS members will have an opportunity to join IGs by checking the appropriate box and adding to their SDS membership renewal the $10 IG annual fee for each IG they wish to join. IG member fees are non-refundable. Until these features are added to our membership materials, please email sds (at) disstudies (dot) org. if you would like to join an Interest Group.
Interest Group Guidelines
The SDS Board has drafted the following guidelines to encourage and support groups with a coherent vision and field of interest. Please note that while both Interest Groups and Caucuses represent possible Constituency Groups within SDS, Interest Groups are defined differently from Caucuses. Caucuses designate groups that are under-represented within society or SDS as an organization; it is up to a caucus to determine whether its membership is restricted to an identity group or to include its allies, for instance.
SDS currently has five existing caucuses: People of Color caucus, Student caucus, Queer caucus, International caucus*, and Neurodiversity caucus. Any new caucus proposals must be submitted to the Board.
Interest Groups are, as the title suggests, interest-based, and hence serve programmatic and networking functions. The SDS conference program committee will do its best to schedule meeting space at the annual conference for both Caucuses and Interest Groups within site capacity, but please note that 1.) the possibility to have dedicated conference panels (with proper advance notice) is now unique to Interest Groups; and 2.) SDS continues to be committed to scheduling non-overlapping Caucus meetings, but cannot guarantee the same for Interest Groups.
*Please note that the International caucus' status as a caucus or as a Global Disability research interest group is undecided, and will be pending until the meeting in June.
Pilot Period
After a period of three years (in 2017), the SDS Board will conduct a review of Interest Group guidelines and implementation, again with the opportunity for input from members.
How to Achieve IG Status
To achieve IG status, a group must complete the IG application form and collect the signatures of at least 15 SDS members. The application and list of signatures should be sent in as a scanned .pdf to info@disstudies.org with IG APPLICATION in the subject line (alternatively, hard copies of both can be mailed to the SDS Executive Office). IG applications will be considered on a rolling basis. All signatories must be current members of SDS on the date of receipt.
The IG liaison for SDS will notify the designated contact person for the IG within 4 weeks of receipt of the application. If the IG is accepted, information about the IG will be added to the SDS website within 6 weeks of submitting the application.
The membership year begins on January 1. By the final day of the June conference, a minimum of 5 members must identify themselves as IG members and have paid the minimal fee associated ($10).
With the important condition that SDS has the capacity and resources to support it, a thoughtful, thorough, and relevant IG application will not be denied.
New and renewing SDS members have an opportunity to join IGs by checking the appropriate box and adding to their SDS membership renewal the $10 IG annual fee for each IG they wish to join. IG member fees are non-refundable.
Once approved, an IG enjoys considerable support from SDS:
Free accessible meeting space at the annual conference
Requests for meeting space must be submitted via the universal registration portal of the annual SDS conference and must be received by the "presenter" deadline.
A minimum of two IG members must register to attend the annual meeting
Requests for accommodation (i.e. CART, ASL) must accompany meeting requests; accommodations cannot be arranged at a later date.
Meeting slots are 50 minutes in length; IG meetings are scheduled such that they do not compete with peer-reviewed sessions.
A dedicated listserv for ongoing discussion among IG members
. To request a dedicated listserv, send an email to info@disstudies.org with REQUEST FOR IG LISTSERV and the name and approved description of the IG for which you are making the request.
Access to SDS communication tools
:
IGs are encouraged to meet throughout the year.
Free tools such as Skype and Google+ exist, of course, but approved IGs can also request use of the SDS conference call service by sending an email to info@disstudies.org with CONFERENCE CALL SERVICE in the subject line. Such requests must be made at least two weeks in advance of the call. A single IG may use the conference line up to 4 times per year with total duration not to exceed 4 hours.
Two years from the date of approval, an IG is optionally entitled to one proposed session at the annual meeting. This session would be part of the open call for submissions and the IG would review papers submitted for it.
For the general SDS call for papers to include the IG's call for submissions, the IG session title and organizer's contact information must be received by the SDS program chair by August 15 the fall prior to the conference.
Full IG session proposals including contact information, presentation title and abstract for all presentations must be submitted via the universal conference submission portal on the SDS website by the deadline for proposals.
IG sessions may be in any of the typical SDS session formats: panel (typically four papers), discussion, workshop, performance, or film screening. (SDS cannot pay performers or screening rights for films).
Participants agree to follow guidelines for accessible presentations as published annually by the board, including captioning and / or audio description of all visual aids and materials
IG session organizers are invited to contact the program committee for support or advice regarding the session. For example, organizers may need a 4th presenter to fill out the session; there may be an individual proposal in program committee that would work well.
IGs are not exclusive. IG members agree to welcome all members of SDS who are interested in the group's area of interest. IG members must strive to ensure equal access and resources and an equal right to full participation for all its members. (An obvious exception is the eventual IG session at the annual conference, which may well involve selecting from among a large number of submissions.)
To maintain active status, an IG must have a membership of at least 5 members (including the contact person) as indicated through their membership form.
All IG members must maintain membership in SDS and pay the annual IG fee of $10.
The IG contact person is expected to reply to correspondence with the SDS IG liaison in a timely manner, preferably within three business days.
The IG contact person should submit an annual update to the SDS IG liaison by September 1 each year. This annual update should include: 1.) a list of active IG members; 2.) a brief record of meetings held over the course of the year; 3.) a brief summary of activities held at the annual conference, and 4.) updated information for the primary contact (as applicable).
IGs that are not being sustained by their members per the conditions described herein will be deactivated to make room for others.
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Society for Disability Studies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Vergas ist ein kleiner Ort südlich der Kleinstadt Detroit Lakes im US-Bundesstaat Minnesota. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 348 ermittelt.

Er wurde 1906 als Altona gegründet und kurze Zeit später in Vergas umbenannt. Grund dafür war, dass die Bahnstation der Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway (Soo Line), um die sich der Ort entwickelte, schon vorher "Vergas" hieß.

Vergas ist auch für seine riesige Vogel-Skulptur bekannt. Sie ist mit ca. 6,10 Meter (20 feet) eine der größten Vogel-Skulpturen der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.

Einzelnachweise

Otter Tail County
Ort in Minnesota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Oman - a fairytale climb.
Djamal and the caravan into the future
The story of the good Sultan, his brave and faithful subject, a fairytale book and an open end.
by Eva Grossert
from Oman
0 · Comments 0
Djamal saddles two camels with shaggy wool blankets, as bridle must serve the old rope. He packs the saddlebags with provisions, dates, dried meat, flatbread, tea, millet and fixes the water supply in goatskin bags on the saddlebags. The supplies will last for five days' march and include an emergency reserve when upcoming sandstorms prevent them from moving on.
He will collect dry wood and camouflage on the way to kindle a warming fire for his night camp under the stars. It hopes, however, for the hospitality of the Bedouins who give it shelter.
It is not Djamal's first march through the relentless desert, but this journey determines the future of his village. He is young and completely on his own. Nadim had last to take care of his sick wife. The burden of being the sole "chosen one" is heavy on his shoulders. The numerous gifts, frankincense, spices, copper and silver goods also weigh heavily in order to convey the hope and gratitude of the village.
At dawn, after a troubled night and festivities in his honor in the evening, he draws with the encouragement and blessing of all the east to the palace of Sultan Quaboos bin Said, to solicit for his village connection to the modernity ...
And if he has not died, and has made the merciless march through the desert to the palace of the Sultan, Djamal today lives happily in a "bling-bling" villa within his village community. He has exchanged his camels for a chic British four-wheel drive. Its location can be reached via a well-developed asphalt road. Each house has electricity, water supply and sanitation.
Djamal's grandchildren, both boys and girls, attend the nearby school where they are taken daily by school bus, and even his youngest son has successfully graduated. Djamal does not have to worry about the health and care for the family. In the village one is excellently supplied with medical care and in case of emergency, the nearby hospital offers state-of-the-art standards.
The wise, peaceful Sultan Quaboos governs his country as sole ruler even today. He is universally popular and regularly holds audiences to maintain his closeness to the people.
The enlightened man, who has critically eyed his father's policy of isolation (jaaa, he has overthrown him), succeeded in catapulting Oman from an almost medieval backwardness into the 21st century within four decades. He takes a path that consciously differs from the superlatives and self-staging of the other Gulf States and remembers despite the cultural opening to the traditions and values of the long and proud history of Oman
When it came to power in the 1970s, there were just two elementary schools and 10 km of paved roads throughout the country. Today, the illiteracy rate is just under 10% and a modern road network pervades the country. His education offensive is especially beneficial for women.
And if he died once, then ...?
It remains to speculate how the fairy tale goes on. Sultan Quaboos bin Said is unmarried and has remained childless.
The country has survived the Arab Spring without major incidents and yet cracks have emerged in the image. Voices of more democratization have become loud in the country.
Picture men around the campfire: Oman Tourism
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From driving away and arriving
The slow arrival in a city over the water fascinates me from the first to the last day. That's why a cruise is worthwhile.


text:
Q: .NET Add Class Method to System Class
Possible Duplicate:
Why aren't C# static class extension methods supported?

General question:
In Objective-C, I can add a category to any (I think?) class. In that category, I can define class or instance methods.
I know how to make an extension method in .NET that will allow me to implement the same thing as Objective-C category instance methods.
Is there a way to make an extension method that is a class method?
Specific question:
I have created a method that takes a System.DateTime value and returns another System.DateTime value that represents the first of the month that precedes the supplied value. I have turned this into an extension method, and I call it as follows:
Dim dt As DateTime = Now.FirstOfPriorMonth()

However, I only ever call this method on Now, so I'd like to make a class-level extension method and assume Now. Thus, I would like to call the following:
Dim dt As DateTime = System.DateTime.FirstOfLastMonth()

Is this possible? I realize that my currently-working solution is fine, so I'm really more wondering what's possible than trying to "fix" my current problem.

A: I wouldn't get all caught up trying to extend Microsoft's static class: just start your own common date/time utilities class and use that:
Dim dt As DateTime = YourCommonCode.DateTimeUtils.FirstOfLastMonth()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Button Cancel causes validation...I dont want validation on Cancel Button So I read this post but it is not helping at all, I tried to do the same and is not working.
I have this button:
<button id="btnCancel" type="button" class="cancel" name="btnCancel" value="Cancel" onclick="onCancel()">Cancel</button>

Which cleans my form, and causes validation (which I want to remove)
What am I doing wrong?
EDIT:
OnCancel function:
function onCancel()
{
    $('#ddlConfigTypeName').val("")
    $('#ddlThreshold').val("")
    $('#ddlValueTypeName').val("")
    $('#txtbLocation').val("")
    $('#txtbLimit').val("")
    $('#QueueMonitorConfigurationsID').val(-1)
    $("#valSummary").empty();
}

A: Solved it:
    $('form').find("[data-valmsg-summary=true]")
         .removeClass("validation-summary-errors")
         .addClass("validation-summary-valid")
         .find("ul").empty();

Somehow, only this solution I found HERE worked for me. It's not even the correct answer marked in that post.