text:
FNS Vol.3 No.8 , August 2012
Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.)): A Review of Its Food and Medicinal Uses
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami*, Nayan Singh J. Thakor, Meghatai M. Patil, Parag M. Haldankar
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist Ratnagiri (Maharashtra State) (India).
Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist Ratnagiri (Maharashtra State) (India).
Senior Research Fellow NAIP-Kokum, Karonda, Jamun and Jackfruit, Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist Ratnagiri (Maharashtra State) (India).
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist Ratnagiri (Maharashtra State) (India).
Abstract: Eugenia jambolana Lam., commonly known as black plum or "jamun" is an important medicinal plant in various traditional systems of medicine. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea and preclinical studies have also shown it to possess chemopreventive, radioprotective and antineoplastic properties. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar. The present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on traditional and medicinal use.
Keywords: Jamun-Syzygium cumini; Chemopreventive; Radioprotective; Antineoplastic Activities
Cite this paper: S. Swami, N. Thakor, M. Patil and P. Haldankar, "Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.)): A Review of Its Food and Medicinal Uses," Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 8, 2012, pp. 1100-1117. doi: 10.4236/fns.2012.38146.
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Terry Koroluk (left) from Barbican Property Management talks with Jason, Val (Delta Community Living Society summer job coach), Georgia and Andy.
There are people working behind the scenes to keep Tsawwassen's commercial core looking good. For the past three years, the Tsawwassen Business Improvement Association (more commonly known by its moniker of Sunny Tsawwassen) has employed young "community ambassadors" to clean, paint, plant and partake in other community improvements.
Started in partnership with the LEAP program of the Delta Community Living Society, the business association employs people with disabilities to help them gain valuable work experience.
"Our purpose with this program isn't simply to complete a task of cleaning and beautification," explained Lydia Elder, executive director of TBIA. "It's an opportunity to get real-world work experience for our community ambassadors."
The youngsters have made some valuable contributions to the community in recent years, with landscaping, flower-planting, cleaning and painting in front of several businesses.
This year, the TBIA hired Jason, Georgia, Andy and Gauri. Jason, 19, has been with Sunny Tsawwassen for all three summers since the program began. Most recently, Jason, Georgia and Gauri picked up litter at the inaugural Bathtub Race & Festival in Boundary Bay. He said he wants to gain more work experience like this to one day become independent and self-sufficient.
To provide advice on that front, Terry Koroluk, a 17-year maintenance employee with Barbican Property Management in Tsawwassen, recently took some time to speak with Jason and the other LEAPers about the sort of work he does.
Much like these young people, a lot of Koroluk's work happens behind the scenes to enhance visitor experience to the Tsawwassen Town Centre Mall. He does all the things you might expect of a maintenance worker, from sweeping the sidewalks and parking lots to keeping tile floors and washrooms clean. He also picks up litter, handles waste management and recycling, cleans up spills, waters and rakes and sweeps up the gardens, landscapes and so much more.
Koroluk shared why he loves his job: the variety, the sense of accomplishment in completing different tasks and working in the community he calls home.
Elder said it was a great message to share with LEAPers who are eager to find out how they can apply their newly-learned skills.
"They get to try different types of work and build up their resumes, all the while making a positive and valued contribution to our community," she said. "Mentoring by experienced folks like Terry is a wonderful way to do that."
You can find out more about the LEAP program at sunnytsawwassen.ca/news.


The Parco Spina Verde is a line of hills formed from glacial deposits that runs initially north to south along the western edge of Como before extending westwards to form the border with Switzerland. As with Brunate, the change of altitude provides a quick and decisive change from town to countryside and marvelous views out over the city centre, the lake and the Pianura Padana.
With this walk we only touch on a corner of the park. Their website, although unavailable in English, contains maps of the footpaths that crisscross the park with detailed information of the many aspects of interest to be found there. Our route takes us close to some of the Bronze Age settlements mentioned in our article 'Up in the Hills – Prehistoric Como' but there is a lot more to discover if you have time.
Start off by heading out to the Basilica of Sant' Abbondio beyond the western edge of the old town close to the large cemetery. Sant' Abbondio is Como's patron saint and one of its early archbishops. The Basilica is an important Romanesque structure made all the more interesting by the series of frescoes covering the entire area of the apse. The church is normally open to visitors during the day so well worth looking in before heading out on the narrow road opposite its main entrance that leads uphill underneath the railway line. If open, do also look into the cloistered courtyard to the side of the church. It now forms part of the University dell' Insubria but is also sometimes used as a venue for open-air concerts during the summer.
Following the narrow road opposite the entrance to the Basilica, go through the tunnel under the railway and turn right.
Follow the small tunnel under the railway line and then turn to your right as shown in the photo above. Now keep to the tarmac road taking the lefthand fork going uphill climbing up from the road running alongside the railway.
The road goes through some twists and turns and changes from tarmac to gravel but you will soon come across one of the first of the many direction signs in the park. The park is particularly well signposted by local standards and we are going to be following the directions for Path (Sentiero) no. 4 in the direction of Monte Caprino.
Start of Paths 3 and 4 as they veer off the gravel road on the right.
Paths 3 and 4 start off at the same point shown in the photo as they verge off from the gravel road. Path 3 is considerably steeper and longer than 4 and so is not covered here but, for those up to the challenge, it does lead to a panoramic point with a great view over the lake and ends up by the Saint Eutichio cross that can be seen illuminated at night from the centre of town.
Path 4 breaks off to the left to start the climb uphill after about 5 minutes walking on the level. The turning is signposted but can be easily missed so look out for the wooden steps as shown in the photo below.
Now the cardio-vascular part of the walk starts in earnest as you climb steadily uphill but on a well-maintained path that offers many backward-looking glimpses through the trees onto the city below.
The path follows a gorge and eventually comes out at the junction with a gravel path that runs just below the crest of the hills. There is a map of the park on show here as well as a further signpost pointing you back down the path we just climbed or sharp right up to the Saint Eutichio cross which would have been our destination if taking Path 3. If you want to keep the walk relatively short, turn left onto the gravel road. Turn right though if you want to take a look at the Bronze Age settlement and/or get something to eat or drink at the Baita Pianvalle. Neither attraction is too far away. For more information about the Bronze Age settlement look at our article entitled 'Up in the Hills – Prehistoric Como'.
The Baita Pianvalle is in a great location with an extensive outdoor area and views down over the Pianura Padana. You can just have something to drink here or eat if you wish. They sometimes do massive Florentine steaks grilled on the outdoor barbecue but otherwise they keep to a rigorous mountain menu with polenta at its heart even in the height of summer. Outside of the baita, there is a reconstruction of a Bronze Age dwelling.
Assuming we don't make the detour to Pianvalle, after turning left onto the gravel road, we just keep going straight along this path following directions for Respau. Respau is another baita and hostel often used for educational purposes. I have eaten there once and it was very good. It also has picked up a number of positive reviews. Food is traditional, home made and modestly priced. It's in a lovely setting looking out towards the Baradello Tower – one of Federico Barbarossa's defences to protect Como from their enemies at the time, the Milanese.
Keep on the main path as it descends with the Cascina Respau on your left. The path now turns into a cobbled road although inaccessible to most cars, with a cement-rendered brick wall on your right. As you come to the area known as the Garden of Remembrance you will see a concreted path leading downhill on your left. Take this for the most direct route downhill. Ignore it if you want to carry on to another potential diversion – the Baradello Tower. This road finally comes out at Piazza Camerlata.
The path leads down following the track of a mountain stream but then flattens out to join a tarmacked stretch that ends suddenly. Continue by taking the footpath that leads off to the left of the tarmac. This short stretch of path leads you on to the road climbing to the Baradello Tower.
Turn left downhill to head back into the centre of Como. You will come out by the church of San Rocco which is the diocese at the forefront in offering assistance to migrants. San Rocco is in one of the poorest of Como's inner districts.
With all the potential diversions, it is a bit difficult to put an accurate timing for this walk but if you do not allow yourself to be distracted, allow over 2 hours to complete the circuit. Dining at Cascina Respau may well double your journey but I can assure you it would be time well spent.


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Home Electronic Arts ESA Drops Support for SOPA & PIPA
ESA Drops Support for SOPA & PIPA
The Entertainment Software Association (ESA) (aka: the gaming industry), has announced it's pull of support from the proposed Bills Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) & Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA). They were one of the largest Vocal Supporters of these bills that would eventually kill the internet.
Kotaku reports that they as of today, the ESA has dropped support, and issued a statement, after today's shelving of the bills. Wednesday's Internet Blackout – and the support of everyone who became aware of what these bills would do to the internet – worked. Internet 1, Congress 0. Even though they decided to publicly voice their support drop after the bills were shelved, it is still good to know that they no longer support these bills as is.
FYI, Electronic Arts is a member of the ESA.
"Although the need to address this pervasive threat to our industry's creative investment remains, concerns have been expressed about unintended consequences stemming from the current legislative proposals. Accordingly, we call upon Congress, the Obama Administration, and stakeholders to refocus their energies on producing a solution that effectively balances both creative and technology interests. As an industry of innovators and creators, we understand the importance of both technological innovation and content protection and are committed to working with all parties to encourage a balanced solution.
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The sponsors have been working closely with Oregon Democrat Sen. Jeff Merkley and Colorado Republican Cory Gardner on a companion bill, said Heck's legislative director, Brendan Woodbury.
The bill has wide support among the financial industry, winning the backing of the American Bankers Association, the Credit Union National Association and the Independent Community Bankers of America. The nascent cannabis industry also backs the proposal.
Banks, credit unions and other financial institutions that accept deposits from illegal activities, as federal law deems the production and sale of marijuana, face potential prosecution for violating federal banking laws. Few financial firms have decided to adopt those risks, forcing many state-sanctioned dispensaries and growers to operate entirely in cash. That makes the cash-laden companies tempting targets for theft. Keeping businesses out of the banking system also increases their appeal as vehicles for money laundering.
To date, 47 states and the District of Columbia have decriminalized or legalized marijuana in some form, representing more than 97 percent of the U.S. population. Americans overwhelmingly say Congress should legalize marijuana: 66 percent now support it, including 53 percent of Republicans, according to a Gallup poll in 2018. But cannabis remains listed as a dangerous Schedule I drug under the federal Controlled Substances Act. Some opponents of the bill have called it an attempt to indirectly legalize weed without actually changing its federal designation under the CSA.
But a bill to do that has only attracted seven cosponsors, none of whom are Republican. Last year, a Senate bill that would amend the CSA to allow states to legalize weed — but not actually remove cannabis from Schedule I — attracted a handful of Republican cosponsors, including Gardner, and Sens. Rand Paul of Kentucky, Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan of Alaska. Gardner will face a Democratic opponent in 2020 in a state that legalized recreational marijuana in 2014 and has drifted leftward in the years since.
While some oppose the pot-banking bill simply because they oppose pot, others say the proposal isn't fully baked yet, and would make an already complicated area of law that much more tangled. That includes Joseph Lynyak, an attorney at Dorsey & Whitney LLP who represents cannabis businesses in California. While Lynyak calls the bill "a good start," he's worried it contains loopholes and ambiguities that will ultimately keep most financial firms from working with cannabis companies.
According to Lynyak, the bill would still allow a zealous federal prosecutor to go after individual investors in a cannabis business for aiding and abetting the transfer of funds to promote a criminal activity. While the bill provides safe harbor for firms that take a state-licensed pot business's deposits or facilitates transactions, it does not explicitly protect individuals or firms that might buy shares in a dispensary or issue loans to a grower.
In its current form, the bill wouldn't address a risk that only affects conglomerates, says Lynyak. Because it relies on the Dodd-Frank law's consumer-focused definition of "financial service" in creating its safe harbor, the bill could be read as excluding holding companies from the regulatory risk protections. A bank could take deposits or provide loans directly to a subsidiary firm directly engaged in selling or growing weed, but offering those services to a parent holding company might still lead to civil liabilities, Lynyak argues. That would potentially create the rare barrier to entry that benefits smaller firms over deep-pocketed corporate giants.
Woodbury said that the bill's sponsors weren't trying to address regulatory issues that might arise in capital formation or securities offerings, but argued that the bill's shield against criminal prosecution should cover investors. "I don't think there's any criminal exposure," he said.
Lynyak admitted his loophole concerns only matter in so far as federal prosecutors might seek to exploit the gaps he's identified. Even though Attorney General Jeff Sessions was publicly opposed to marijuana and rescinded Department of Justice guidance against prosecuting state-sanctioned cannabis operations, he did not bring any enforcement actions during his tenure.
Perlmutter added a section to the bill since its introduction, in the form of a substitute amendment, that would direct federal banking regulators and the Government Accountability Office to prepare annual reports on access to financial services among minority-owned and women-owned legit cannabis businesses.
Since Democrats took control of the House, the Financial Services Committee has spent significantly more time discussing diversity and inclusion concerns, creating a new subcommittee to look into them. At a hearing on the pot banking bill, Corey Barnette, the African-American owner of a Washington, D.C.-based dispensary, testified that the lack of access to banking created a barrier that impacted less wealthy, minority entrepreneurs harder.
"Restrictions on banking serve to create a barrier to entry that only the wealthy can overcome," Barnette said.


text:
Election Predictions and the UKIP Threat
Taking the figures from Survation's latest poll for the Mail on Sunday, with Labour on 38%, Conservatives 29%, UKIP 16% and Liberal Democrats 11%, results in a prediction of a clear Labour majority of 94 at the next election. Using a uniform four party swing calculation, Labour are predicted to gain 114 seats, taking them to a total of 372. The Conservatives will drop 85 seats to 221, whilst the Liberal Democrats will lose 26 seats to both Labour and Conservatives, leaving them with 31.
Although polling 5% higher than the Liberal Democrats, UKIP are still not forecast to win any seats under the First Past the Post electoral system, as their vote is currently too evenly distributed across the country, though it may well be that the uniform swing model does not accurately reflect their chances (similarly it may well under-represent the number of Liberal Democrat seats as they tend to over-perform in their incumbent areas relative to the rest of the country). On the other hand, the UKIP vote is due to cost the Conservatives dearly. 40 of the seats that the Conservatives are due to lose to Labour (and 1 to Local Health Concern) would have been held had UKIP's vote share not surged from it's 2010 level. Similarly 10 seats that the Conservatives would have gained from the Liberal Democrats are predicted to stay yellow in 2015 due to UKIP's surge stealing votes from the Conservatives (UKIP also takes votes from the LibDems and, to a lesser extent from Labour, but from the Conservatives most of all). In total then, 51 of the 85 net seats lost by the Conservatives in 2015 will be directly attributable to UKIP, turning a squeaking Labour majority of 10 into a comfortable one of 94.
On the other hand, UKIP are forecast to do well out of the 2014 European Parliament elections, coming third with 22% of the vote and 16 MEPs, within reach of the Conservatives on 24% and 17 MEPs, whilst Labour is predicted to take the most with 31% and 23 MEPs. The Lib Dems should pick up 8 MEPs, Greens 3, SNP 2 and Plaid Cymru 1, whilst the BNP are predicted to lose both of their current MEPs. The degree to which UKIP can match this forecast in 2014 will be a good indication of how much their currently impressive polling is likely to hold up in the General Election come 2015. If it does, then that could be very bad news indeed for David Cameron and the Conservative Party.
For full data tables please click here.
— By Patrick Briône, Director of Research
With thanks to Professor John Curtice, President of the British Polling Council, for seat analysis.
Patrick Brione
Director of Research 2012-2016
Latest Voting Intention Results – Tories fall to record low in polling results as support for UKIP remains strong.
ICM Research Shows UKIP Support Doubling in 29 days – Another Clear Indication Polling Industry Methodology Needs To Change
Local Election Analysis: UKIP "won" in 10 Westminster Constituencies
How did the Greens and UKIP do so well in our new poll (Daily Star Sunday)
"The Green Belt Effect" in action – Where did all those UKIP votes come from last night?


This is a fast-track route to a degree if you already hold a Higher National Diploma (HND) or have completed a foundation year in computing or a similar subject. Built-in opportunities for work placements give you a career edge even before you graduate and the course is taught by staff with industry links who ensure the content remains up-to-date every year.
This course will help you develop your foundation year or Higher National Diploma into a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Computer Systems. Lectures and seminars are complemented by hands-on work experience provided by our in-house agency.
You'll have the opportunity to study in our state-of-the-art computer labs, including some of the most advanced Cisco labs in London. Here you'll develop your knowledge of everything from e-commerce to database management and learn both the practical skills required for a career in computing and the ethical, social, legal and professional issues related to the industry.
You'll explore topics relevant in your field today, such as cloud security, advanced Structured Query Language (SQL), content management systems and how to identify, analyse and thwart hacking attempts. Our teaching staff have strong connections with the industry and review the course content every year to ensure you're kept up-to-date with the latest information and practices.
You'll be assessed through individual and group project work, essays and written reports, and examinations.
Your individual computing project will be assessed through practical project work and a final dissertation.
You'll receive regular supportive feedback throughout the course.
This course is also offered at the School of Accounting and Management in Trinidad and Tobago.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Understanding solid/solid organic reactions
G. Rothenberg, A. P. Downie, C. L. Raston, Janet Scott
The concept of an organic reaction between two macroscopic solid particles is investigated. Thus, we study several reactions that have been recently reported to proceed "in the solid phase" and clearly show that, in most cases, grinding the two solid reactants together results in the formation of a liquid phase. This is true both for catalytic transformations (e.g., aldol condensations and oligomerization of benzylic compounds) and for noncatalytic reactions (Baeyer - Villiger oxidations, oxidative coupling of naphthols using iron chloride, condensation of amines and aldehydes to form azomethines, homo-etherification of benzylic alcohols using p-toluenesulfonic acid, and nuclear aromatic bromination with NBS). This liquefaction implies the existence of a eutectic mixture with Tfusion below ambient temperature (although both reagents have higher than ambient melting points). In cases where heating is required, it is again clear that a phase change (from solid to liquid) occurs, explaining the observed reaction kinetics. On the basis of 19 experimental examples, we discuss the possibility of solid-phase organic reactions and the implications of these findings to the reaction between two solid reagents. A general description of such reactive systems is proposed, based on a consideration of the potential for eutectic (or peritectic) formation between the constituents of the liquid phases that arise during the process of mechanical mixing of the solid reagents and products.
10.1021/ja0034388Licence: In Copyright
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Understanding solid/solid organic reactions'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
azomethine Medicine & Life Sciences
Oxidative Coupling Medicine & Life Sciences
3-hydroxybutanal Medicine & Life Sciences
4-toluenesulfonic acid Medicine & Life Sciences
Naphthols Medicine & Life Sciences
Mechanical Phenomena Medicine & Life Sciences
Halogenation Medicine & Life Sciences
Aldehydes Medicine & Life Sciences
Rothenberg, G., Downie, A. P., Raston, C. L., & Scott, J. (2001). Understanding solid/solid organic reactions. Journal of The American Chemical Society, 123(36), 8701-8708. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0034388
Rothenberg, G. ; Downie, A. P. ; Raston, C. L. ; Scott, Janet. / Understanding solid/solid organic reactions. In: Journal of The American Chemical Society. 2001 ; Vol. 123, No. 36. pp. 8701-8708.
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title = "Understanding solid/solid organic reactions",
abstract = "The concept of an organic reaction between two macroscopic solid particles is investigated. Thus, we study several reactions that have been recently reported to proceed {"}in the solid phase{"} and clearly show that, in most cases, grinding the two solid reactants together results in the formation of a liquid phase. This is true both for catalytic transformations (e.g., aldol condensations and oligomerization of benzylic compounds) and for noncatalytic reactions (Baeyer - Villiger oxidations, oxidative coupling of naphthols using iron chloride, condensation of amines and aldehydes to form azomethines, homo-etherification of benzylic alcohols using p-toluenesulfonic acid, and nuclear aromatic bromination with NBS). This liquefaction implies the existence of a eutectic mixture with Tfusion below ambient temperature (although both reagents have higher than ambient melting points). In cases where heating is required, it is again clear that a phase change (from solid to liquid) occurs, explaining the observed reaction kinetics. On the basis of 19 experimental examples, we discuss the possibility of solid-phase organic reactions and the implications of these findings to the reaction between two solid reagents. A general description of such reactive systems is proposed, based on a consideration of the potential for eutectic (or peritectic) formation between the constituents of the liquid phases that arise during the process of mechanical mixing of the solid reagents and products.",
author = "G. Rothenberg and Downie, {A. P.} and Raston, {C. L.} and Janet Scott",
doi = "10.1021/ja0034388",
Rothenberg, G, Downie, AP, Raston, CL & Scott, J 2001, 'Understanding solid/solid organic reactions', Journal of The American Chemical Society, vol. 123, no. 36, pp. 8701-8708. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0034388
Understanding solid/solid organic reactions. / Rothenberg, G.; Downie, A. P.; Raston, C. L.; Scott, Janet.
T1 - Understanding solid/solid organic reactions
AU - Rothenberg, G.
AU - Downie, A. P.
AU - Raston, C. L.
AU - Scott, Janet
N2 - The concept of an organic reaction between two macroscopic solid particles is investigated. Thus, we study several reactions that have been recently reported to proceed "in the solid phase" and clearly show that, in most cases, grinding the two solid reactants together results in the formation of a liquid phase. This is true both for catalytic transformations (e.g., aldol condensations and oligomerization of benzylic compounds) and for noncatalytic reactions (Baeyer - Villiger oxidations, oxidative coupling of naphthols using iron chloride, condensation of amines and aldehydes to form azomethines, homo-etherification of benzylic alcohols using p-toluenesulfonic acid, and nuclear aromatic bromination with NBS). This liquefaction implies the existence of a eutectic mixture with Tfusion below ambient temperature (although both reagents have higher than ambient melting points). In cases where heating is required, it is again clear that a phase change (from solid to liquid) occurs, explaining the observed reaction kinetics. On the basis of 19 experimental examples, we discuss the possibility of solid-phase organic reactions and the implications of these findings to the reaction between two solid reagents. A general description of such reactive systems is proposed, based on a consideration of the potential for eutectic (or peritectic) formation between the constituents of the liquid phases that arise during the process of mechanical mixing of the solid reagents and products.
AB - The concept of an organic reaction between two macroscopic solid particles is investigated. Thus, we study several reactions that have been recently reported to proceed "in the solid phase" and clearly show that, in most cases, grinding the two solid reactants together results in the formation of a liquid phase. This is true both for catalytic transformations (e.g., aldol condensations and oligomerization of benzylic compounds) and for noncatalytic reactions (Baeyer - Villiger oxidations, oxidative coupling of naphthols using iron chloride, condensation of amines and aldehydes to form azomethines, homo-etherification of benzylic alcohols using p-toluenesulfonic acid, and nuclear aromatic bromination with NBS). This liquefaction implies the existence of a eutectic mixture with Tfusion below ambient temperature (although both reagents have higher than ambient melting points). In cases where heating is required, it is again clear that a phase change (from solid to liquid) occurs, explaining the observed reaction kinetics. On the basis of 19 experimental examples, we discuss the possibility of solid-phase organic reactions and the implications of these findings to the reaction between two solid reagents. A general description of such reactive systems is proposed, based on a consideration of the potential for eutectic (or peritectic) formation between the constituents of the liquid phases that arise during the process of mechanical mixing of the solid reagents and products.
U2 - 10.1021/ja0034388
DO - 10.1021/ja0034388
Rothenberg G, Downie AP, Raston CL, Scott J. Understanding solid/solid organic reactions. Journal of The American Chemical Society. 2001 Sep 12;123(36):8701-8708. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0034388


text:
Антитриніта́рії (від грецького — проти та  — Трійця) — термін, що вживається для означення тих вірян (окремих християнських угруповань), що не визнають з тих чи тих міркувань догмату Святої Трійці про єдину сутність трьох іпостасей Бога — Бога-Отця, Сина Божого і Святого Духа. У часи ствердження канонічного догмату єдиного Бога й божественності Ісуса Христа постулат єдиносутності трьох іпостасей Бога заперечували: аріани, македоніаністи, монархіоністи, субординасіаністи, тритеїсти та інші.

Зокрема, монархіоністи відкидали три іпостасі Бога і вважали Бога єдиним; патрипасіоністи гадали, що в Ісусі Христі народився, жив і помер Бог-Отець (Бог нібито набуває троїстості тільки як творець Усесвіту); субординасіаністи твердили, що Син Божий та Святий Дух менш досконалі, ніж Отець; аріани доводили, що Син і Дух не подібні до Бога-Отця, бо Він створив Їх; македоніаністи вважали, що Духа створив Син Божий; тритеїсти визнавали три іпостасі Бога, але заперечували їхню субстанційну єдність. У XVI столітті відродилися антитринітарні погляди монархіаністів, зародилося социніанство. Деїсти XVIII — XIX століття та ліберальні протестанти стали відлунням унітаризму.

Див. також
 Історичне простеження двох помітних спотворень Святого Письма
 Акт про придушення богохульства та безбожності

Джерела
 Балабушевич Т. А.  Антитринітарії  //
 Соколовський О. Л. Місце антитринітаризму в суспільно-політичному житті шляхти України XVI—XVII ст. // Українська полоністика. — 2009. — вип. 6. — С. 16—29.
 Соколовський О. Л. Просвітницький вектор раннього антитринітаризму // Гілея. — 2011. — вип. 46. — С. 339.
 Антитринитарии  // Православная богословская энциклопедия. — Петроград : тип. А. П. Лопухина, 1900. — Т. І. — кол. 816—818.

Посилання
 Антитринитарии // Православная энциклопедия

Християнство
Антитринітарії
Суперечки, пов'язані з християнством
Бог у християнстві
Християнські деномінації
Християнські теологічні рухи
Християнські єресі
Розколи християнської церкви
Єресі

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How does your bed frame concept look like? Everybody must want to have such a nice bed design with wonderful headboard. You can have ottoman decorative headboard for your bed design. So, you need to keep reading this article and see some wonderful headboard decoration with ottoman concept that can be inspiring you.
This headboard showed in the picture has nice ottoman design with soft design. This ottoman headboard has cute ornament with grey coloring concept. This bed frame is quite big and the headboard is also big as well. You may like the other ottoman headboard concept which has dome design anyway. This nice bed is very pretty with red coloring nuance. The beadboard is very nice and soft.
The other ottoman headboard has wonderful concept. The color used is very luxurious like a gold coloring cocept. The room nuance is also very luxurious though with modern gold carpet and gold wall design. However, there is other bed headboard with ottoman design and has coporary ntemconcept. This head board is quite big with wooden frame. Moreover, there is a nice rug under the bed.
A beautiful headboard can also be applied on your bed design. This headboard with ottoman design has pink coloring and has compact size. The back wall is also very wonderful with nice flower decoration. There are also two table lamp with nice modern design. Moreover, the stuffs like chair and curtain have wonderful pinky coloring.


text:
Current Search Day 22 Remove constraint Day: 22 Month May Remove constraint Month: May Decade 1980 Remove constraint Decade: 1980 On Page Front Page Remove constraint On Page: Front Page
Mayremove facet limit May5
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May 22, 1987 (vol. 96, iss. 3) • Page Image 1
…Copyriht © 1987 4 TheMichia Dail SUMMER 1Ninety-seven y:ar o editorial freedom Vol. XCVI - No. 3S Ann Arbor, Michigan -Friday, May 22, 1987 City may ass AIDS policy By JOHN EIN "While I'm willing to go on partment, commended the reso- The Ann Arbor City Council waiting for this, I think everyone lution's intent, but she cautioned may approve the city's first policy will see (the policy) as an im- that "there are implications of any on AIDS for...…
…N ne f ld oiganedild Ninety-five years of editorial freedom Vol. XCV, No. 4-S C*pyright 1985 ThMichgn Doily Wednesday, May 22, 1985 Fifteen Cents Eight Pages Will activism survive a summertime lull? By KERY MURAKAMI plained that "the summer was always a let down," said Gitlin, "but I sense such intense will blow up." With campus activists and '80s-style flower problem in the '60s." feelings that it's hard to believe it will die." The imp...…
…aIli £idl4jau IEnaIIQ Ninety-four years of editoria/freedom Vol. XCIV, No. 9-S Copyight 1984 Ann Arbor, Michigan - Tuesday, May 22, 1984 Fifteen Cents Sixteen Pages Researchers to examine effects of PBB, PCB By LOU FINTOR PBB, the flame retardant that con- taminated at least 97 percent of Michigan's lower peninsula population in 1973, and PCB, a toxic industrial chemical, are targeted for a $25,000 state-sponsored University study that...…
May 22, 1982 (vol. 92, iss. 14) • Page Image 1
…The Michigan Daily te Cnt Sixtee rage Vol. XCII, No. 14-S Ann Arbor, Michigan-Saturday, May 22, 1982 Ten Cents Sixteen Pages r -v .. ... _ .. .. ... , i . British invade Falklands, gain 'a firm From AP and UPI British marines and paratroopers stormed the Falkland Islands yester- day during a fierce air-sea battle and launched a ground offensive to regain the islands seized by Argentina April 2. Britain said its assault forces had est...…
…The Michigan Daily Vol. XC, No.11-S Ann Arbor, Michigan-Thursday, May 22, 1980 Ten Cents Sixteen Pages 150,000 take over provincial capita in S. Korea KWANGJU, South Korea (AP)-Tens of thousands of anti-government demonstrators, some armed with automatic rifles and light machine guns, clashed with soldiers and riot police in this provincial capital yesterday. Witnesses said 11 persons were killed, raising the toll to at least 24 dead and...…


Upvc Door & Window E Type Fir Tree Glazing Gasket Weather Seal Black.
This glazing gasket was often called E gasket as it forms the letter E when turned on its side or sometimes fir tree gasket in reference to its shape & can be used to replace the worn out or damaged rubber gaskets commonly found on most types of earlier Upvc window and door profiles. The gasket pushes snugly into the groove in the profile system and when fitted correctly in place will remain in situation for years of trouble free installation. Provides a water tight and draught tight seal to Upvc windows and doors. The advantage of this Upvc nylon gasket seal over the old type rubberised gaskets is that it is still flexible due to its new state to the touch meaning that it can be easily worked with and used.
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in part and denied in part, and Plaintiff's motion is granted in part and denied in part.
the U.S. Attorney, the "Officials") employed in a United States Attorney's Office (the "Office").
the names of non-supervisory law enforcement agents involved in the OIG investigation.
support, (Docs. 24–25), and on June 1, 2018, Plaintiff filed its reply, (Doc. 26).
entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fay v. Oxford Health Plan, 287 F.3d 96, 103 (2d Cir.
or unnecessary will not be counted." Id.
denied. Marvel Characters, Inc. v. Simon, 310 F.3d 280, 286 (2d Cir. 2002).
of broad disclosure, these exemptions have been consistently given a narrow compass.").
Supreme Court to encompass any "information which applies to a particular individual . . .
Admin., 758 F.3d 168, 174 (2d Cir. 2014).
expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy." 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(C).
both exemptions are asserted, a court need only evaluate withholding under Exemption 7(C).
(2004), reaff'd on remand, 380 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2004) (per curiam).
the [privacy] interest Congress intended the [exemptions] to protect." U.S. Dep't of Justice v.
decisions." Reporters Comm., 489 U.S. at 762.
the light of public scrutiny." Reporters Comm., 489 U.S. at 772 (quoting Rose, 425 U.S. at 372).
"the citizens' right to be informed about what their government is up to." U.S. Dep't of State v.
likely to advance that interest. Otherwise, the invasion of privacy is unwarranted.
belief by a reasonable person that the alleged Government impropriety might have occurred." Id.
would serve a public interest cognizable under FOIA." Associated Press, 549 F.3d at 66.
embarrassment or retaliation. See Ray, 502 U.S. at 176–77.
nondisclosure of the Officials' identities.
I next consider the public interest in disclosure. It is axiomatic that "[t]he public . . .
Perlman, 312 F.3d at 107 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Grand Cent. P'ship, Inc.
ensures that the public can hold those individuals accountable for their actions as public servants.
significant public interest in revealing the Officials' identifying information.
part on other grounds, 898 F.3d 51 (D.C. Cir. 2018).
high-ranking official under the case law in this District.
https://www.justice.gov/jm/justice-manual (last visited Mar. 1, 2019).
responsibilities. See id.; see also Bartko v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 898 F.3d 51, 69 (D.C. Cir.
a "higher-level official"). Accordingly, the first factor weighs in favor of disclosure.
Exhibit 3 to the Declaration of Zoe Tillman filed in support of Plaintiff's cross-motion for summary judgment.
and [REDACTED] at any cost," (id.).
and Supervisory AUSA led to the filing of complaints and could have led to lawsuits. The U.S.
disciplinary actions, and led some to avoid the U.S. Attorney and Supervisory AUSA at all costs.
suggestion in the Report that the Supervisory AUSA engaged in any serious wrongdoing.
constitutes "a substantial amount of evidence" warranting disclosure. Perlman, 312 F.3d at 107.
the amount of evidence and the degree of wrongdoing support disclosure.
weighs in favor of disclosure).
Government's argument is without merit.
this factor favors disclosure in the context of reports of investigation like the one at issue here.
factor weighs in favor of disclosure.
is most certainly related to that superior's job function," see, e.g., Eberg, 193 F. Supp. 3d at 118.
This factor thus weighs in favor of disclosure.
The complaint that prompted the OIG's investigation also alleged misconduct by the U.S.
investigated these additional allegations, it determined that the allegations were without merit.
innuendo, possibly resulting in serious damage to their reputations"); see also Dunkelberger v.
the information contained in them is favorable or unfavorable").
suspicion." 12 Favish, 541 U.S. at 172, 173.
Plaintiff with a copy of the Report that contains all identifying information pertaining to the U.S.
Attorney and Supervisory AUSA in unredacted form on or before April 12, 2019.
18 and close the case.
Jarque v. Smith Bell Co. Ltd.


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text:
Walk around - Heinkel He 162 "Salamander"
The German Heinkel aircraft designer designed in 1944 rapidly a single engined jet fighter as a countermeasure against Allied fighters flying over Germany like the P-51. The He 168 changed the nature of the air combat. It was an aircraft that was to be flown by pilots with limited training, and the "Salamander" so it was called the "Volksjäger". It got a single BMW 003 jet engine, a unique type of engine at the time. Many airframe parts were made of wood and other "non-strategic" materials and was easily assembled. It weighed less than 2000 kg and was capable of reaching normally 750 km/h speeds and even faster. Its armament was quite heavy with two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons or even two 30 mm MK 108 cannons. Some aircraft actually were used in combat in the first months of 1945 over Germany in the Berlin/Rostock area.
Heinkel He 162
This aircraft is a Heinkel He 162 A-2 (No. 120077) and was captured by the British at Leck, Germany in 1945 flying with JG 1. After capturing it as one of seven Salamander aircraft at Leck, the RAF gave this plane to the USAAF and it ended up at Edwards AFB (then Muroc Dry Lake) in July of 1946 for flight tests. Flown once by Bob Hoover, the landing speed was determined to be too high, possibly due to improper rigging, and it was apparently not flown again. The markings are restored as original and cockpit and landing gear have been refurbished and are in original condition. All USAAF test equipment was thus removed.
Seen at the Plane of Fames museum, Chino (California).
Photographed January 2013 by Cees Hendriks, (c) Copyright IPMS Nederland
and additional photo's as seen in 2016 again at Chino:
He.162 A-2
This aircraft was restored and had WerkeNr 120015. It is on display at the Musee de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget airport, Paris.
Photographed 2016 by Meindert de Vreeze, (c) Copyright IPMS Nederland
Several plastic aircraft models are available of the He-162. In 1/72 of Planet, Hobbyboss, Dragon, RV. In larger scale 1/32 by MPM. In 1/48 Tamiya and Dragon have a nice model.


text:
Ilana Glazer, Abbi Jacobson On Broad City's Sexual Fluidity
Ilana Glazer and Abbi Jacobson, the co-stars and co-creators of Comedy Central's hit comedy Broad City, cover the April issue of gay glossy Out.
Now in its third season, Broad City is being called groundbreaking for its unapologetic sexuality.
"It's a privilege that we get to be this fluid," Glazer said. "Also, women's sexuality, women's queerdom – is much less threatening to the mainstream than men's."
Jacobson said that viewers are often confused by the sexual ambiguity of the show's characters.
"I think when people watch it, they're like, 'What's the deal?' But it shouldn't be a deal. It's like, why can't anyone hook up with whoever they want?"
Glazer added: "I was just reading this article in which Lena [Dunham] interviewed Gloria Steinem. There was this awesome quote that I relate to, where Gloria said that your old lovers become some of your closest friends. And I find that too. And I like that all that can exist in the same space: Sexual, romantic, friendly feelings. That's sexual fluidity to me."


A model for emotional experiences?
Psychologically speaking we're all quite similar aren't we? Everybody has their own particular relationship to stress or fear or anger or whatever, but the same basic colours are there. They just get mixed differently.
Pixar reduced it down to five basics emotions for the film Inside Out: Joy, Anger, Disgust, Fear and Sadness. They had these little guys sitting at the control centre in each character's brain. They drive the plot forward by figuring out what to do together.
The idea is grounded in science. Lots of serious psychologists have attempted to describe human experience as the interplay or combination of a basic core set of primary emotions. Just like colours, they can mix together to create new emotional states with their own distinct character.
Robert Plutchik (21 October 1927 – 29 April 2006) imagined there might be 8 basic emotions. His wheel demonstrates how you can arrive at secondary and tertiary emotions by watering them down. So Amazement can become Surprise and then Distraction when they're dialled down in intensity.
It also looks like you can make Awe by combining Amazement and Terror. Nice right?
Well yes, until you notice that there are some important omissions. Where is pride or embarrassment? Where is relief? Also, is Love really a combination of Ecstasy and Admiration? Does Disgust really become Boredom when you make it less intense?
This was developed by Albert Mehrabian and James A. Russell (1974 and after). It imagines three axes against which it is possible to chart our emotional states.
Hugo Lövheim proposed a visual model of this in 2012, linking each axes to a particular monoamine neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline.
I was looking at this model with a colleague at work today. He laughed and said, "I think that might say more about Hugo than it does about emotion!" After all, there's something about a cube shape that is so incredibly unemotional.
There's a great deal to be said about both of these models. They both start with some basic underlying building blocks (primary colours or PAD axes) from which they can attempt to construct (or provide coverage of) the richness of human emotion. It's tempting to think that if we can understand the atoms of emotion, then we can understand the bigger systems perhaps even in contexts that we've not even experienced.
It might be that these basic atoms of emotion are more biologically distinct or more universally recognisable – and therefore they can be thought of as primary truths in our emotional universe.
However, emotions are also culturally created. Even if we're all subject to similar chemical signals flying around our bodies and brains. Even if we're all subject to similar external stimuli too. We all have mothers and fathers, and siblings (or not), and colleagues and friends (or not).
Ultimately, the manner in which these things are experienced is infinitely variable based on cultural differences (within a country or a region or an industry…) – and too numerous to plot on 3 dimensions.
We transmit our understanding of emotions through language choices, including body language. And this is determined culturally.
Our best tools for interrogating this understanding has always been art, not science. A great play or film. A painting or a poem. These are the cultural models we reach for when wanting to understand emotion.
If we must catalogue emotions though, perhaps the best approach is to do it in relation to particular projects / activities that we get involved in as humans. A good example of this can be seen in the table below from Robinson, D. L. (2009). "Brain function, mental experience and personality". The Netherlands Journal of Psychology. pp. 152–167.


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text:
Real Obama vs. Fantasy Obama
I've long had my issues with Drew Westen, and they're on striking display in an op-ed he wrote a few days ago for the Washington Post. He says Barack Obama made "three crucial errors" after he took office:
Obama's first mistake was inviting the Republicans to the table. The GOP had just decimated the economy and had been repudiated by voters to such an extent that few Americans wanted to admit that they were registered Republicans. Yet Obama, with his penchant for unilateral bipartisanship, refused to speak ill of what they had done.
….The second mistake was squandering the goodwill that Americans felt toward the new president and their anxiety about an economy hemorrhaging three-quarters of a million jobs a month….Instead of designing a stimulus that reflected the thinking of the country's best economic minds, he cut their recommended
numbers by a third and turned another third into inert tax cuts designed to appease Republican legislators.
….The third way the administration created opportunities for Republican obstructionism will someday become a business-school case study: It let a popular idea — a family doctor for every family — be recast as a losing ideological battle between intrusive government and freedom. In the 2008 election, the American people were convinced that families should never have to choose between putting food on the table and taking the kids to the doctor. They were adamant that neither they nor their aging parents should have to choose between their medicine and their mortgage.
This kind of thing is intensely frustrating. I actually agree with Westen's broad point that Obama should have been more aggressive than he was. And yet, these three "errors" are so ahistorical that they make me crazy. First: Obama had to invite Republicans to the table. When he took office Democrats didn't have a filibuster-proof majority. Second: Obama couldn't get a bigger stimulus. The evidence on this score is voluminous. Whether he wanted a bigger stimulus is an open question, but it's also moot. He just didn't have the votes. Third: universal healthcare wasn't an especially popular idea and the American public was far from adamant that they wanted it. Oh, it polls decently in the abstract, getting roughly 60% support over the past decade, but that's nothing special. It's the worst kind of poll literalism to think this represents a genuine, intensely-held groundswell of support for national healthcare. In reality, it's a tenuous majority.
I really don't understand why people like Westen can't make their critiques of Obama's leadership in a way that takes into account obvious political realities. Not that it would be an easy critique. If you look at past presidents who made big changes, they were mostly surfing on waves that were already cresting: FDR and the New Deal, LBJ and civil rights, Reagan and taxes. Obama just didn't have that kind of wave to ride. It's an open question why he didn't have that — one that I tried to tackle here — but one way or another, he didn't. And while I think Obama has done a poor job as leader of his party, I say that tentatively. The fact is that modern presidents simply don't have the party leverage that some past presidents have had, and Obama in particular simply didn't have a big enough majority to get his way.
As it happens, I think Obama could have done better, and in particular he should have continued pushing for more stimulus in 2009 and 2010 in the form of jobs bills, housing legislation, and less pivoting to the deficit. Still, life in the White House is pretty difficult when you have to constantly concern yourself with getting a couple of Republican votes, or, at best, the 60th most liberal Democrat — especially when the 60th most liberal Democrat is a self-righteous showboat like Joe Lieberman or a Nebraska pol like Ben Nelson. Obama probably had leverage he could have used better, but if that's your criticism, then you need to explain exactly what he did wrong dealing with Congress, not whether he gave precisely the right kind of speeches.


Despite the stereotype of the Age of Aquarius as a groovy peace-love place where caring and sharing ruled out crass capitalism, the nutritional wellness component of this mighty economy owes its start to renegade entrepreneurs who realized there was a business to be made by adapting their "hippie food" for a larger market.
By the end of the 1970s, powered by young Boomer devotees, thriving natural/organic markets in university towns and – of course – perennially "nutty" California, carried dozens of innovative new health food brands and Big Agra, not to be left out, had jumped aboard the granola and yogurt bandwagon.
However, while it's fair to say most early natural/organic food shoppers were Boomers, most Boomers were not natural/organic food shoppers.
In fact, health foods remained a niche market, regarded in the public mind as the domain of wacky faddists, off-the-grid communes and eager candidates for run towards the light UFO abductions.
There was just too much new competition on the scene in the eighties and nineties.
Challenged by the rapid rise of inexpensive fast food, new packaged convenience meals and year-round supplies of once-seasonal produce, prices of organics remained high and their product range limited.
However, around 2000, with progressive health-conscious Millennials pouring into the marketplace, and aging Boomers focused on staying healthy, hippie food finally hit the tipping point.
Data tracker Statista reports retail sales quadrupled between 2000 and 2015 from $12 billion to $55 billion. In 2017, they project an increase to $61 billion.
And the USDA reports organic products are now sold in nearly 20,000 natural food stores and nearly 3 out of 4 conventional grocery stores.
Not that we have anything against Kambucha and chia seeds, but the 21st century also brought good news for health-conscious Boomers prone to occasional backsliding – we learned that some of our guilty pleasures may actually be good for us. How cool is that?
A lifetime of continuous adaptation has taught older consumers that change is not only inevitable but can also be tasty. Here are five areas where kale-centric thinking has done a yummy U-turn.
Who wasn't excited over the newly-discovered benefits of dark chocolate? TIME Magazine fact-checked with medical experts and found its ingredients lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular inflammation.
In 2014, The New York Times reported an "exhaustive new analysis … found no evidence that eating saturated fat increased heart attacks and other cardiac events." Apparently, trans fats, sugar and other processed white carbohydrates are the more likely villains.
The medical community has long known that moderate alcohol use can be heart-healthy and may reduce the risk of diabetes – but fear of abuse limited public discussion. Today, The Harvard School of Public Health website offers a candid discussion of benefits and risks.
Obligatory disclaimer: this is not to suggest folks should switch from a balanced diet to one of salt, eggs, chocolate, fats and alcohol. Hey, we have to keep the lawyers happy.
Whether it's conventional consumer packaged goods, organics or guilty pleasures, the path to brand wellness still runs through Boomer-world.
Of total CPG retail sales of $660 billion in 2016 (Statista estimate), the 110 million Americans aged 50+ personally accounted for half (Nielsen et al). In addition, they influenced a significant additional share of business among their Millennial children.
Hint to mainstream Madison Avenue: ignore Boomer moms at your peril!
Well, actually, mainstream Madison Avenue does pretty much ignore Boomer moms (and dads); in 2012, Nielsen estimated that only about 5% of advertising dollars were allocated to directly targeting the 50+ space. There is little evidence things have improved since then.
What out-of-shape brands need now are Boomer-savvy health and wellness coaches; it will take work, but we're here to let the sunshine in, get you fit, buff and back on top.


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