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Q: Ubuntu server does not boot after fresh install but does after entering recovery and proceeding with normal boot I have been trying to set up a ubuntu server all day but as the title says the only way I can get it to boot is via the recovery option.
I have spent all day googling and see countless of suggestions for installing AMD drivers (I'm using an AMD based computer which has an integrated AMD graphics on the CPU) there is NO graphics card.
I have tried both 16.04 and now 14 ubuntu server versions and I am still getting the same issue. I've tried installing all these graphics card options for AMD but still nothing.
It's ubuntu server, so it's an headless OS. Why should I need to install graphics drivers?
Is there anyway I can use the graphics option that is chosen when entering recovery mode and booting to normal? Because that's all I really need? And the graphics driver fixes don't seem to work anyway :(
Thanks
Nick


Home > Ten amazing images that demonstrate the surface tension property of water!
Ten amazing images that demonstrate the surface tension property of water!
I thought I'd drop some watery science to celebrate. Everyone knows that water is liquid awesome, and this is due in no small part to its amazing, versatile properties. The surface tension that we see demonstrated in this photo represents a combination of the properties of cohesion (water molecules sticking to each other via hydrogen bonds) and adhesion (water sticking to other stuff). The hydrogen bonds between the H2O molecules are so strong that they resist gravity! Water serves many important purposes in nature. It facilitates vital chemical reactions in your body, helps regulate stuff going in and out of cells, and keeps your lungs from collapsing! That really is liquid awesome.
Olympic Swimmer Tyler Clary – Photo by Adam Pretty/Getty Images.
…And here's the video of what the GoPro saw from inside the bubble; It's wicked cool!
Here at IANtB, we celebrate water all year long by working with Waves for Water to bring clean water to communities that don't have any. We have partnered with the Hamlin Fistula hospitals in Ethiopia to send the women who are treated at their facilities home with water filters. It's beautiful: they arrive at the hospitals broken and rejected from their communities, and they are sent home heroes, holding their heads high. Read more about the project here.


Does anyone know this song my grandmother use to sing to my mother? Her family was from the Pilsen area. This is the phonetic version as I translate it from my mothers singing.
Anyone have knowledge of this song or a better translation, either english to czech or czech to english?
I can't quite figure out the parts in brackets. "Nevda vessa" could be "nevdávej sa" - don't get married ("I told you not to get married"?) and Pala Mesa could stand for "poláme sa" or "polámeš sa" - it/you will break to pieces. I hope someone else can help with this.
Greetings to Lafayette! I used to live in Danville.
BTW, Danville hasn't been the same since you left!
Sekyra, motyka, deska, válek, pusť mě holka na špejchárek.
Sekyra, motyka, deska, válek, pusť mě holka k vám.
Začneme kroky do strany a postupně zrychlujeme, až jsou z toho poskoky.
Does this lyric relate at all?
Let me in the granary girl.
Let me in your house girl.
Only the first two lines are from the actual song. The last sentence ("Začneme kroky...") gives instructions on how to dance to the song.
I found the same thing you did, that's why I'm not able to decode the rest of the original text you posted. I didn't see any information about the song from a historical or cultural perspective.


SMEs are critical to a thriving economy. At the IfM we have nearly twenty years' experience of helping smaller manufacturers achieve their ambitions for growth, both working with them directly and providing support through government-funded programmes. During that time we have developed a set of fast and effective workshop-based interventions which have been used with more than a thousand organisations.
In today's complex and rapidly changing business environment, it can be difficult to identify and focus on those aspects of the business which are really going to deliver long-term growth. We can work with you to address your most pressing needs and to capitalise on your most promising opportunities.
Do you have a clear idea of where you want the business to go and how you are going to get there? Does everyone in your organisation share that vision and know what part they need to play in achieving it? Is the vision sustainable in the face of escalating change? Our fast and effective approach to developing business strategies results in a clear vision for the future of the business, a shared understanding of which markets and product groups to focus on, your competitive position within those markets and a prioritised set of capability development projects.
But developing a strategy is not a one-off activity. Strategy needs to be reviewed and refreshed regularly, as a matter of course. But when there is a significant change in circumstance (whether external or internal) you need to update your business strategy accordingly. We can work with you to review and explore your capacity to grow, and to help you identify the best market opportunities.
A business model is the bridge between a technology and a compelling value proposition. As new disruptive business models appear on the back of technological development, understanding your current business model and how to innovate it is becoming an increasingly urgent task.
If you are involved in an early stage technology start-up or a university research laboratory spin-out and are bringing a new and disruptive technology to market, we can help you develop an exploitation strategy and foster industry-university research collaborations.
If you are an SME or start-up and would like to work with us directly please do get in touch. To find out if your company might be eligible to work with us on a funded programme, follow the links below.
A UK government-funded programme aimed at developing the capabilities of small and medium-sized suppliers to the aerospace and civil nuclear sectors.
Welsh Government's Smart Innovation Diagnostics support programme for manufacturers in Wales.


It is true that door stops are not the most important thing to have but they can prove to be quite a useful addition to our interior designs. Thanks to this collection, there should not be a lot of trouble when it comes to choosing something really nice here. What about your choice and impressions about this site?
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I need this in my life! Stops the dog from going up stairs, but allows the cat access!
Chicken doorstop from a free pattern!
I can't help it -- I like this!
Realized Price: $ 1126 Painted earthenware cat door stop, 19th c., 4 1/2" h., 11 1/2" w.
Shamrock Cottage: #Shamrock #Cottage ~ Vintage door stop in green.
Cast Iron Standing Scottie Dog Doorstop.
How to stop your dog from barking whenever someone approaches the door!
this elephant door stop from Adairs is seriously adorable!!
Malcolm The Dog from crafts beautiful. A definite one to make, hard part is giving Malcolm away!
DIY Animal Jars Look Hanner, safari bathroom jars!!


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Home Magazine Go Local Close to Home: Connecting Diners to their Food
Close to Home: Connecting Diners to their Food
Amy Bostock
Mealtimes have traditionally been a time for friends and families to sit around the table and share stories. But now, chefs and producers are using the food itself to spin yarns — telling tales about the local terroir and starting a dialogue around the importance of sourcing local ingredients.
In Ontario, fresh local products are in abundance — one only has to look as far as their own backyard — and the producers/suppliers are passionate about the story behind their food. For Kitchener, Ont.-based Flanagan Foodservice, supporting the local food economy is something that's very natural. "It's been a part of what [Flanagan] has always done, but for some reason we've kept it a secret," says Peter Bozzer, director of Procurement. "Now we have a strategic marketing campaign [to get the word out] about the things we were already doing."
He says an important component of the campaign is providing customers with a clear definition of what the company perceives as local. "The general mentality of 'close to home' is a good way of explaining [local food] but in terms of actually defining [local] — because we do have to be very clear with our customers — it would be a product of Ontario and how that is defined by the OMAFRA."
OMAFRA (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) defines local food as being produced or harvested in Ontario and, subject to any limitations in the regulations, food and beverages made in Ontario if they include ingredients produced or harvested in Ontario.
THE STORY BEHIND THE INGREDIENTS
Speaking at the Greenbelt Fund Local Food Symposium in Toronto, Beth Hunter, program director at the Montreal-based J.W. McConnell Family Foundation, said when it comes to local ingredients, it's not enough to just know the geography. "It can also be about telling the story around the history of that food. For example, when we talk about picking local strawberries, we can also talk about how that's an important cultural tradition for many Indigenous peoples."
Bozzer agrees. "It's absolutely important for us to [tell the story] and equally, or more, important for our customers to tell the consumers," he says, adding Flanagan works with its customers to highlight the benefits of not only using local ingredients, but promoting them on their menus. "Adding the word 'Ontario' adds value and people feel good about it." Connecting customers with farmers is another important part of telling the local story. "Nowadays, we're able to introduce the customer to the farmer on an online platform," says Bozzer. For example, by publishing producer bios, the customers become familiar with the source. "Sometimes they end up connecting on the phone and reaching out to each other to take the next step."
While the telling of those stories, Hunter says, happens most easily when its direct farmer to consumer, "it also happens in ways such as Loblaw's peaches [which feature] the producer's picture on them and food hubs working to de-commoditize food. Consumers are more and more savvy and [can tell if] it's a legitimate story."
This is especially the case, says Bozzer, for the millennial cohort, which is known for demanding transparency and accountability when it comes to their food. "They're the demographic that want the story behind the food. They want an experience." They're also quickly taking over from the Baby Boomers in terms of dollars spent at restaurants, he adds. "[Local] will not be something unique to them — this will be the cost of entry for restaurants."
But will they pay more for it? According to Bozzer, they may not have to. "For the things we do extremely well in Ontario when they're in season, generally [it doesn't cost more]. On the other hand, there are people growing strawberries in greenhouses in the middle of winter and yes, those will cost more than imported strawberries from California. But, if you do it properly, it doesn't have to cost you more and in fact, I would argue that the value is far greater."
de-commoditize food
Flanagan Foodservice
Greenbelt Fund
Greenbelt Fund Local Food Symposium
J.W. McConnell Family Foundation
OMAFRA
Peter Bozzer
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Niagara Students Contribute to Icewine Harvest
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NIAGARA — As the mercury tipped well below the freezing point today, students from the Niagara College Teaching Winery in Ontario shuffled through vines,...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What is different about CardioKit?
When was the last time you had an opportunity to review your food choices with a doctor who specialises in looking after heart health and enjoys good food? That's what is different and unique about CardioKit. This is your chance.
How can CardioKit save me money?
We will identify and negotiate savings on your behalf so you pay less for things we recommend. You will find them under SAVE. We hope to introduce you to new ingredients, products and experiences and to add health benefits, fun and convenience to your new food choices.


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Blubberella (2011)
March 10, 2020 December 20, 2020 / Chwineka
So first there was Bloodrayne, one of the several video game movie made by talentless hack Uwe Boll. Next there was Bloodrayne 2: Deliverance, where Rayne fights cowboys. The trilogy ended with Bloodrayne: The Third Reich, the one where she FINALLY fights Nazis. But wait, we're not quite done! Then came Blubberella, a scene-for-scene parody of The Third Reich where Rayne has been replaced by the titular Blubberella (played by Ms. Lindsay Hollister), an overweight dhampir. And it's bad. Like, amazingly bad.
Here is an incomplete list of things this movie thinks are fucking hilarious:
a plethora of fat jokes
a guy in a fish costume (who may be Matthew Lillard?!)
the lead actor being 5'6″
a parody of the movie Precious, complete with blackface
Uwe Boll as Hitler playing the game Risk, also weirdly featuring blackface (but this time it's a different actor)
pointing out that background extras don't have character names
even more fat jokes
not being able to find a date because all the Jewish men have been rounded up by Nazis
a Marlon Brando impression (because, you know, he was fat)
a shit ton of gay jokes
slapping women repeatedly
playing a scene from Bloodrayne 3 but adding in "silly" music
somehow still more fat jokes
and Clint Howard saying, "Well, fuck my donkey!"
As much as it pains me to say it, there were a couple moments in the movie that were funny. Thankfully I can safely assume that none of those were because of Boll; Willam Belli and Lindsay Hollister both got writing credits for their improvisations, and some of those are fun. Belli pretending to be shot to avoid participating in the final fight is cute. But even those are just dollar store plastic gems in the vat of pig shit that is this film.
And here's a thought to haunt you: despite what you've probably heard, Uwe Boll is not the worst director I've seen. I've hated just about every one of his movies, but there's someone so much worse than him. Stay tuned, cause assuming I don't stab myself to get out of rewatching it, I'm gonna review the worst movie I've ever seen before the month is over. May God have mercy on my soul.
action, bad taste, comedy, nazis, vampires
YellowBrickRoad (2010) →


Apparently this was sent to me as junk mail, but I don't understand what they're trying to sell.
When bodice ripper related to strokes, satellite living with gets stinking drunk.If for cab driver operate a small fruit stand with of cup, then cab driver behind turkey ruminates.bonbons remain unruffled.Most stalactites believe that toothache behind line dancer give secret financial aid to cyprus mulch defined by.And fall in love with the dark side of her deficit.
Warren, the friend of Warren and prays with toward fairy.Where we can hardly give a pink slip to our ocean.Warren, although somewhat soothed by around short order cook and particle accelerator of jersey cow.gypsy of conquer support group around, and eggplant toward stovepipe bestow great honor upon girl near.


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Home » News » Museum to mark the 31st anniversary of the Piper Alpha disaster with a panel discussion.
Museum to mark the 31st anniversary of the Piper Alpha disaster with a panel discussion.
REMEMBERING PIPER ALPHA
31st Anniversary Panel Discussion
2pm – 3pm Saturday 6 July
Scottish Maritime Museum
Harbour Road, Irvine
To mark the 31st anniversary of the Piper Alpha disaster, in which 167 people lost their lives, the Scottish Maritime Museum will host a panel discussion exploring the events and their legacy.
The panel, which will discuss what remains the world's worst offshore oil disaster, will feature Roy Carey, Sue Jane Taylor and Stephen McGinty.
Roy Carey is one of the 61 surviving Piper Alpha platform workers and has also donated objects and photographs to the 'Age of Oil' Exhibition currently on show at the Museum.
'Age of Oil' visual artist Sue Jane Taylor was chosen to design the Piper Alpha memorial statue which was unveiled in the North Sea Memorial Rose Garden, Hazelhead Park, Aberdeen, in 1991.
Stephen McGinty is the writer and assistant producer of BAFTA award-winning film, 'Piper Alpha: Fire in the Night', which was based on his book of the same name.
The Remembering Piper Alpha panel discussion is the last in a series of Museum events accompanying Sue Jane Taylor's 'Age of Oil' exhibition, which is hosted in association with National Museums Scotland.
Visitors to the Remembering Piper Alpha event will also be able to take in the 'Age of Oil' exhibition before it closes the next day (Sunday 7 July).
A vibrant and diverse exhibition charting the rise of the oil and renewable energy industries, 'Age of Oil' brings together a rich display of artworks, films, diary excerpts and objects from Sue Jane Taylor's residencies on North Sea oil platforms over the past decade.
Entry to the Remembering Piper Alpha panel discussion and 'Age of Oil' exhibition is included in the general Museum admission.
Tickets available Here
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Iris Gomez the face behind the brands Life With Iris, Beauty Chronicles, and The BC Agency. A proud Latina, daughter of Cuban and Puerto Rican parents born and raised in Massachusetts. As a young lady growing up in sunny Florida submersed in Hispanic heritage around strong female roles that inspired traditions to maintain a beauty routine, never lose you heritage, always dress to impress, always help your neighbor, and to always speak your mind. Have created the foundation of the heart and soul of what she represents and the women she has become.
Iris is multi-media powerhouse as a travel, beauty, fashion, and lifestyle expert, freelance writer, brand spokesperson, and TV personality. Her relatable approach and years of expertise has made her one of the in-demand experts in the country. She has been featured and has been a regular contributor in several media outlets including The New York Daily Post, Cosmopolitan Latina, Birthmark Magazine, The Huffington Post, Venue Magazine, Univision, The Miami Herald, NBC's South Florida Today, and NBC Latino to name a few.
Iris launched BeautyChronicles.com in 2008, where she poured her knowledge of marketing, beauty and fashion into a fast-growing business. Thus, BeautyChronicles.com became a media outlet where she was able to synchronize her knowledge of marketing, beauty and fashion into one entity to represent consumers with articles that reflected fashion trends for both and women, beauty buzz, travel tips, and beauty DIY's. BeautyChronicles.com expanded its impact on South Florida by hosting and producing large-scale community events that attracted and entertained emerging trendsetters and fashionistas. BeautyChronicles.com hosted "Fashion's Night Out" as well as an annual event called "Fashion in the City" which showcased local and established brands in an effort to introduce emerging fashion designers and local businesses with new consumers. These events have received coverage in notable publications like Cosmopolitan Latina, 944 Magazine, Haute Living Magazine, The Miami Herald, The Huffington Post and Venue Magazine.
After years of building relationships with local and national designers. Iris launched The BC Agency in 2010 and emerged as a Fashion Stylist. Iris was considered one of the most versatile fashion stylists in the business, she worked enthusiastically between red carpet events, print, film, commercial, and editorial worlds. This was due in part to her strong work ethic and positive energy. Iris understands that the boundaries within the fashion world are unfixed and always changing, and it excites her to no end that the possibilities are limitless.
In 2017 Iris combined her years of expertise and knowledge to launch the brand, Life With Iris. A media outlet and brand created to deliver lifestyle, fashion, and beauty trends for the everyday women and budget, a combination of travel trends and tips for both family and singles, and "moments" a special section that features a personal touch with a twist of insight on real life experiences.
Iris currently resides in New York where she lives with her fiancé, her children and her tea-cup Yorkie Simba. She is actively involved her children's PTA and enjoys teaching religion in her local parish.


The DFM likes to hear from past projects as to the progress from the initial concept to the screen. If you have had a project in the DFM, please send us updates on your progress. We would love to hear your news, and if we are able, publish your news.


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Exceptional speakers signing up to CSW Summit D.C. on June 15
Posted by Clive Reffell | Apr 12, 2017 | CSW Conferences, News | 0
In our article that announced CSW Summit D.C. we were excited about bringing together some of the world's top crowdsourcing exponents and influencers in the home of the US Government at a time when extensive infrastructure issues are going to be debated and decided on.
Many people tend to conjure up images of previous major US construction projects on the scale of building the Hoover Dam or the Interstate road system. Yet significant improvements in energy sustainability and water supply, as examples, are being made through improvements to battery power storage, switching to LED lightbulbs and better treatment of wastewater. And it's not just the nature of the different kinds of solutions that will have a profound effect in future, it's also the different ways in which ideas are sourced, expertise is harnessed and data is collected to find the solutions.
Direct digital interconnectivity of billions of people enables open innovation and mass collaboration and data collection. The roles and purpose of company Research & Development teams is changing from being the central, single provider of new product ideas to encouraging product users to provide input based on their experiences, preferences and creativity. Similarly, the traditional 'us and them' of politics at national, regional and local levels is on the wane as mass citizen engagement programmes allow service users – voters – an involvement in the processes of decision-making and priority allocation of resources, rather than being on the receiving end of decisions often made behind closed doors. Automated mass data collection through smart meters and vehicle GPS systems will allow better management of utilities and traffic flows.
This is why CSW Summit DC is a key event for entrepreneurs, c-suite level executives, and anyone in government agencies, educational and non-profit organisations who wants to learn about and benefit from the trends and developments in the sharing and crowdsourcing economy that are disrupting traditional models in many business sectors. It is also why we can report a growing number of exceptional speakers and panelists.
From July 2014 to January 2017, Cristin Dorgelo served as Chief of Staff at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and facilitated policy development and implementation across a broad spectrum of science and technology issues. In January's OSTP's Exit Memo Cristin highlighted 20 science and technology frontiers where future investment and cross-sector collaboration will drive American innovation in the decades ahead. These included accelerating the clean-energy revolution; harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence, data science, machine learning, automation, robotics, and advanced computing; and space commercialization and exploration, including a manned journey to Mars. The means to extend these frontiers include supporting innovative entrepreneurs and accelerating high-growth entrepreneurship; promoting open government through transparency, participation and collaboration to empower citizens; and harnessing the unparalleled diversity of the American people and the diversity of ideas they generate.
In January 2017. President Obama appointed Cristin to serve as a member of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council, which provides the President through the Secretary of Homeland Security with insight and guidance on the security of critical infrastructure sectors across the United States.
The journey to Mars links to our speaker Amy Kaminski who currently serves as program executive for prizes and challenges at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Amy works to develop strategies to expand the space agency's use of a variety of open innovation methods in its research and exploration activities. The use of competitions and rewards to crowdsource solutions is in itself nothing new. 18th century English clockmaker John Harrison toiled for decades to win a financial prize established by an Act of Parliament for creating a sea-going clock that would keep accurate time and thus enable accurate navigation. A modern day example of this is The Space Robotics Challenge, part of NASA's Centennial Challenges programme. It is a $1 million prize competition to develop the capabilities of humanoid robot dexterity to better enable them to work alongside though independent of astronauts in preparation for future space exploration. 20 finalists were selected in February 2017 from a pool of 92 teams from 13 countries, and non-US finalists include entries from Canada, Spain and Japan. In the final round the teams must programme a virtual robot to complete a series of tasks in a simulation that represents the communications delay from Earth to Mars.
From the UK, delegates will be able to hear from Jonathan May, founder of UK fundraising (more than just crowdfunding) platform Hubbub and a former director of the UK Crowdfunding Association. Hubbub is the UK's leading provider of digital fundraising and engagement solutions for the education and nonprofit sectors, helping organisations to build vibrant communities that deliver mass engagement, participation and fundraising campaigns through mobile, web and social media. Jonathan has contributed to numerous socio-technological tools and campaigns to enhance fundraising, campaigning and alumni relations programmes over the past decade.
A more recent development, however, keeps Hubbub in touch with the commercial world. Since September 2016 they have partnered UK supermarket giant Tesco, bringing the democratic world of crowdfunding in to the fmcg sector through the crowdfunding platform Tesco Backit. Tesco, like any large retailer, is inundated with small suppliers looking to make their fortune by gaining distribution through them. Today, Tesco's solution to stocking only the products from small food and drinks companies that will sell is to tell the suppliers to run a crowdfunding campaign which rewards donors with their product – effectively using Tesco Backit as a sales channel. The products that earn validation through hitting a financial target are short-listed, though it isn't a guarantee of success. Family business TrooGranola exceeded their initial target on Tesco Backit, though failed to hit a subsequent larger target on an angel investment platform and are still available online only.
We will continually update details on the confirmed speakers at CSW Summit DC, but with speakers of this quality already lined up why delay booking your place right now?
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Clive Reffell
Clive has enjoyed a varied career based in London in a range of results-focussed marketing roles. He is now an independent crowdfunding adviser helping SMEs and startups with marketing issues to launch and run successful crowdfunding projects, both equity and donations-for-rewards. He has been working with Crowdsourcing Week on content sourcing and creation since May 2016.
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The Decade in Crowdsourcing Transcription
Jan 13, 2020 | cocreation, Crowdsourcing, Mass Collaboration
A Guide to Financing a Book Through Crowdfunding
Jan 6, 2020 | Crowd Finance, Crowdfunding
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The Yorktown FC U9 Travel Academy is a competitive team selected from a pool of 2011 and 2012 birth year players, competing in the Tidewater Advanced Soccer League (TASL). As a part of this league, players will experience match play with limited travel to Williamsburg and Southside areas, to compete against other developmental academy teams from regional travel soccer clubs. This match schedule usually consists of a Saturday morning or afternoon commitment. Additionally, multiple tournaments are scheduled throughout the year to provide competitive opportunities for play against different opponents in a tournament style setting. Training is a minimum of two sessions per week, with a focus on exercises and activities to improve technical ability, decision making, speed, and agility. All training sessions are scheduled locally in the Yorktown area. This program is best suited for our younger players who have advanced beyond an introduction to the sport. Placement is by tryout only and dependent upon roster availability.


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Kissinger Dismisses Concerns About Tillerson, One China Policy
Posted: December 14, 2016 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: China, Diplomacy, Global, Politics | Tags: Al Gore, Barack Obama, Beijing, China–United States relations, Donald Trump, Henry Kissinger, History of the United States, Iowa, Nobel Peace Prize, Oslo, President of the United States, Terry Branstad, Tsai Ing-wen, United States, United States Ambassador to China, Xi Jinping | Leave a comment
Kissinger himself negotiated the One China policy, which recognizes the Chinese government in Beijing, as opposed to Taiwan.
Addy Baird reports: Former secretary of state Henry Kissinger dismissed concerns Wednesday about President-elect Donald Trump's nominee for secretary of state, ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson, who has been criticized for his close ties with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
"I hope and I am optimistic that the cooperative way will prevail… Keep in mind that if China and America are in conflict, then the whole world will be divided."
"I pay no attention to this argument that he is too friendly with Russia," Kissinger said at an event in Manhattan. "He would be useless at the head of Exxon if he was not friendly with Russia… I don't hear those concerns at all."
Kissinger was asked about Tillerson at an event put on by the Committee of 100, an organization that works to advance Chinese-American relations, where the former secretary talked about the future of U.S.-Chinese relations under Trump.
"I pay no attention to this argument that he is too friendly with Russia. He would be useless at the head of Exxon if he was not friendly with Russia… I don't hear those concerns at all."
But Kissinger walked a fine line in talking about Tillerson, joking when he was asked about the appointment that he didn't "come to commit suicide," but that he "sympathized" with Trump's decision.
"Nobody can meet every single qualification for secretary of state," Kissinger said. "I think it's a good appointment."
Reflecting on Trump's developing relationship with China, Kissinger said he is optimistic about the coming administration.
[Read the full story here, at POLITICO]
"[We have to decide] whether to attempt to deal cooperatively or confrontationally" with China, Kissinger said. "I hope and I am optimistic that the cooperative way will prevail… Keep in mind that if China and America are in conflict, then the whole world will be divided."
Earlier this month, Trump became the first U.S. president or president-elect to speak with the leader of Taiwan since 1979. And he suggested this past weekend that the U.S. shouldn't have to be "bound" by the "One China" policy that American leaders have stood by for decades. Those comments "seriously concerned" China's Foreign Ministry, its spokesperson said Monday. Read the rest of this entry »
Niall Ferguson: The Real Obama Doctrine
Posted: October 10, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, Global, Mediasphere, Think Tank, White House | Tags: Barack Obama, China, Henry Kissinger, National Security Advisor (United States), President of the People's Republic of China, Seattle, United States, United States Secretary of State, Washington DC, Xi Jinping | Leave a comment
Henry Kissinger long ago recognized the problem: a talented vote-getter, surrounded by lawyers, who is overly risk-averse.
Niall Ferguson writes: Even before becoming Richard Nixon's national security adviser, Henry Kissingerunderstood how hard it was to make foreign policy in Washington. There "is no such thing as an American foreign policy," Mr. Kissinger wrote in 1968. There is only "a series of moves that have produced a certain result" that they "may not have been planned to produce." It is "research and intelligence organizations," he added, that "attempt to give a rationality and consistency" which "it simply does not have."
"It is clear that the president's strategy is failing disastrously. Since 2010, total fatalities from armed conflict in the world have increased by a factor of close to four, according to data from the International Institute of Strategic Studies. Total fatalities due to terrorism have risen nearly sixfold…"
Two distinctively American pathologies explained the fundamental absence of coherent strategic thinking. First, the person at the top was selected for other skills. "The typical political leader of the contemporary managerial society," noted Mr. Kissinger, "is a man with a strong will, a high capacity to get himself elected, but no very great conception of what he is going to do when he gets into office."
[Order Niall Ferguson's book "Kissinger: 1923-1968: The Idealist" from Amazon.com]
Second, the government was full of people trained as lawyers. In making foreign policy, Mr. Kissinger once remarked, "you have to know what history is relevant." But lawyers were "the single most important group in Government," he said, and their principal drawback was "a deficiency in history." This was a long-standing prejudice of his. "The clever lawyers who run our government," he thundered in a 1956 letter to a friend, have weakened the nation by instilling a "quest for minimum risk which is our most outstanding characteristic."
"Nearly all this violence is concentrated in a swath of territory stretching from North Africa through the Middle East to Afghanistan and Pakistan. And there is every reason to expect the violence to escalate as the Sunni powers of the region seek to prevent Iran from establishing itself as the post-American hegemony."
Let's see, now. A great campaigner. A bunch of lawyers. And a "quest for minimum risk." What is it about this combination that sounds familiar?
[Read the full text here, at WSJ]
I have spent much of the past seven years trying to work out what Barack Obama's strategy for the United States truly is. For much of his presidency, as a distinguished general once remarked to me about the commander in chief's strategy, "we had to infer it from speeches."
"Today the U.S. faces three strategic challenges: the maelstrom in the Muslim world, the machinations of a weak but ruthless Russia, and the ambition of a still-growing China. The president's responses to all three look woefully inadequate."
At first, I assumed that the strategy was simply not to be like his predecessor—an approach that was not altogether unreasonable, given the errors of the Bush administration in Iraq and the resulting public disillusionment. I read Mr. Obama's 2009 Cairo speech—with its Quran quotes and its promise of "a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world"—as simply the manifesto of the Anti-Bush.
"Those who know the Obama White House's inner workings wonder why this president, who came into office with next to no experience of foreign policy, has made so little effort to hire strategic expertise."
But what that meant in practice was not entirely clear. Precipitate withdrawal of all U.S. forces from Iraq, but a time-limited surge in Afghanistan. A "reset" with Russia, but seeming indifference to Europe. Read the rest of this entry »
Bret Stephens: A Letter to President Xi
Posted: September 23, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Asia, China, Think Tank | Tags: Aldebaran, Aldebaran Robotics, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Barack Obama, Bishop (Catholic Church), Central America, Cuba, Federal government of the United States, Henry Kissinger, Internet, Islam, Pope, United States, Washington DC | Leave a comment
America for One Day
Bret Stephens writes:
Dear President Xi,
Welcome back! The last time you were stateside—at the Sunnylands estate in California a couple of years ago—you seemed to be at the top of your game. China's GDP was about to overtake America's. You were cracking down on corruption, liberalizing markets, setting the pace for what you called "the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." Upper East Siders competed to place their toddlers in Mandarin immersion programs. Newspaper columnists fantasized about the U.S. becoming "China for one day."
Now your stock market has fizzled, your economy is sinking under the weight of unsustainable debts and zombie companies, your neighbors despise you, and every affluent Chinese is getting a second passport and snapping up a foreign home. Even in Beijing, word is out that behind that enigmatic smile you're a man overmatched by your job. And out of your depth.
Maybe you're even thinking: Wouldn't it be nice to be America for one day?
Yes, America, perhaps the only country on earth that can be serially led by second- or third-rate presidents—and somehow always manage to come up trumps (so to speak). America, where half of the college-age population can't find New York state on a map—even as those same young Americans lead the world in innovation. America, where Cornel West is celebrated as an intellectual, Miley Cyrus as an artist, Jonathan Franzen as a novelist and Kim Kardashian as a beauty—and yet remains the cultural dynamo of the world.
America, in short, which defies every ethic of excellence—all the discipline and cunning and delicacy and Confucian wisdom that are the ways by which status and power are gained in China—yet manages to produce excellence the way a salmon spawns eggs. Naturally. By way of a deeper form of knowing. Read the rest of this entry »
History: President Nixon Resigns With This Letter, Initialed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger Today, August 9, 1974
Posted: August 9, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: History, Law & Justice, White House | Tags: 1970s, Henry Kissinger, resignation, Richard Nixon, Watergate | 1 Comment
Michael Beschloss via Twitter
John Kerry Awarded Historic Rating! Unfortunately, Not the Good Kind: Kerry Rated 'Worst Secretary of State in 50 Years'
Posted: April 26, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, History, Mediasphere, Politics | Tags: College of William & Mary, Egypt, Foreign Policy magazine, Harvard Business School, Harvard Law School, Henry Kissinger, Hosni Mubarak, James Baker, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Madeleine Albright, President of Egypt, United States Secretary of State | Leave a comment
The Survey of 1,375 U.S. Colleges and Universities was Conducted by Foreign Policy Magazine and the College of William & Mary. John Kerry Came in Dead Last.
WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) — A new survey of scholars ranks Secretary of State John Kerry dead last in terms of effectiveness in that job over the past 50 years.
"I got beat by James Baker and Madeleine Albright?"
Henry Kissinger was ranked the most effective secretary of state with 32.2% of the vote. He was followed by James Baker, Madeleine Albright, and Hillary Clinton, as judged by a survey of 1,615 international relations scholars.
Kerry received only 0.3% of the votes cast. Read the rest of this entry »
Henninger: 'The Obama Doctrine is a Hoax'
Posted: April 9, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, War Room, White House | Tags: Arab States of the Persian Gulf, Barack Obama, Benjamin Netanyahu, Daniel Henninger, George W. Bush, Henry Kissinger, Iran, Israel, Lausanne, United Nations Security Council | 3 Comments
Speak softly and claim to carry a big stick, which you have no intention of ever using
Daniel Henninger writes: Last weekend, with the ink on the Iran nuclear deal still being deciphered, the Obama Doctrine fell out of an interview between President Obama and Thomas Friedman of the New York Times.
"It is a mistake to suggest U.S. foreign policy is weak only because Barack Obama is running it. On the cusp of a presidential election, the more pertinent question is whether U.S. foreign policy is weak because a Democrat is running it."
"You asked about an Obama doctrine," Mr. Obama said. "The doctrine is: We will engage, but we preserve all our capabilities."
"You asked about an Obama doctrine. The doctrine is: We will engage, but we preserve all our capabilities."
— President Obama
In nine words, Mr. Obama explained what has been going on the past six years, culminating in what we now see is the nucleus of the Obama worldview, an accommodation with Iran.
"This statement, and indeed the Obama Doctrine, is a hoax. Set aside that 'messes with Israel' and 'America will be there' are phrases with no real operational meaning."
The corollary of the Obama Doctrine, as the president explained, is that if engagement with a hostile power turns dangerous, everyone in the world knows that U.S. "military superiority" will emerge and prevail. In case of emergency, Uncle Sam will break glass.
"What we will be doing even as we enter into this deal is sending a very clear message to the Iranians and to the entire region that if anybody messes with Israel, America will be there."
— President Obama, bluffing.
Mr. Obama then offered an example of how this would work—U.S. support for Israel: "What we will be doing even as we enter into this deal is sending a very clear message to the Iranians and to the entire region that if anybody messes with Israel, America will be there."
"To understand the bluff, look closely at the Democrats' Doctrine on paper or in practice, and you'll notice that it's always prospective. It promises to act at some point in the future if circumstances become so dire that they oblige the U.S. to 'overwhelm' the problem with superior power. Never has there been a bigger 'if.'"
This statement, and indeed the Obama Doctrine, is a hoax.
Set aside that "messes with Israel" and "America will be there" are phrases with no real operational meaning.
"Mr. Obama's 'doctrine' is essentially that if something bad happens, he will send in the 82nd Airborne Division. But he won't. No Democrat whose view of large-scale U.S. military power was formed by the Vietnam War or the Iraq War will do that."
"America will be there" could mean that if someone set off a nuclear backpack bomb in Tel Aviv, where the Obama administration would be the next day is on New York's east side, condemning the attack in a U.N. Security Council resolution. Read the rest of this entry »
The Iran Deal and Its Consequences
Posted: April 8, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, Global, War Room, White House | Tags: Barack Obama, George P. Shultz, Henry Kissinger, International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran, Middle East, Nuclear program of Iran, Nuclear weapon, The Wall Street Journal, United States | Leave a comment
Mixing shrewd diplomacy with defiance of U.N. resolutions, Iran has turned the negotiation on its head
Henry Kissinger and George P. Shultz write: The announced framework for an agreement on Iran's nuclear program has the potential to generate a seminal national debate. Advocates exult over the nuclear constraints it would impose on Iran. Critics question the verifiability of these constraints and their longer-term impact on regional and world stability. The historic significance of the agreement and indeed its sustainability depend on whether these emotions, valid by themselves, can be reconciled.
"In a large country with multiple facilities and ample experience in nuclear concealment, violations will be inherently difficult to detect. Devising theoretical models of inspection is one thing. Enforcing compliance, week after week, despite competing international crises and domestic distractions, is another."
Debate regarding technical details of the deal has thus far inhibited the soul-searching necessary regarding its deeper implications. For 20 years, three presidents of both major parties proclaimed that an Iranian nuclear weapon was contrary to American and global interests—and that they were prepared to use force to prevent it. Yet negotiations that began 12 years ago as an international effort to prevent an Iranian capability to develop a nuclear arsenal are ending with an agreement that concedes this very capability, albeit short of its full capacity in the first 10 years.
[Read the full text here, at the Wall Street Journal]
Mixing shrewd diplomacy with open defiance of U.N. resolutions, Iran has gradually turned the negotiation on its head. Iran's centrifuges have multiplied from about 100 at the beginning of the negotiation to almost 20,000 today. The threat of war now constrains the West more than Iran. While Iran treated the mere fact of its willingness to negotiate as a concession, the West has felt compelled to break every deadlock with a new proposal. In the process, the Iranian program has reached a point officially described as being within two to three months of building a nuclear weapon. Under the proposed agreement, for 10 years Iran will never be further than one year from a nuclear weapon and, after a decade, will be significantly closer.
An Iranian worker at the Uranium Conversion Facility at Isfahan, 410 kilometers, south of Tehran. The conversion facility in Isfahan reprocesses uranium ore concentrate, known as yellowcake, into uranium hexaflouride gas. The gas is then taken to Natanz and fed into the centrifuges for enrichment. (photo credit: AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
Inspections and Enforcement
The president deserves respect for the commitment with which he has pursued the objective of reducing nuclear peril, as does Secretary of State John Kerry for the persistence, patience and ingenuity with which he has striven to impose significant constraints on Iran's nuclear program.
[Also see – Clouds of Grey Fuzz Hang Over Iran Deal]
Progress has been made on shrinking the size of Iran's enriched stockpile, confining the enrichment of uranium to one facility, and limiting aspects of the enrichment process. Still, the ultimate significance of the framework will depend on its verifiability and enforceability.
"Under the new approach, Iran permanently gives up none of its equipment, facilities or fissile product to achieve the proposed constraints…"
Negotiating the final agreement will be extremely challenging. For one thing, no official text has yet been published. The so-called framework represents a unilateral American interpretation. Some of its clauses have been dismissed by the principal Iranian negotiator as "spin." A joint EU-Iran statement differs in important respects, especially with regard to the lifting of sanctions and permitted research and development.
"…It only places them under temporary restriction and safeguard—amounting in many cases to a seal at the door of a depot or periodic visits by inspectors to declared sites. The physical magnitude of the effort is daunting."
Comparable ambiguities apply to the one-year window for a presumed Iranian breakout. Emerging at a relatively late stage in the negotiation, this concept replaced the previous baseline—that Iran might be permitted a technical capacity compatible with a plausible civilian nuclear program. The new approach complicates verification and makes it more political because of the vagueness of the criteria.
"Is the International Atomic Energy Agency technically, and in terms of human resources, up to so complex and vast an assignment?"
Under the new approach, Iran permanently gives up none of its equipment, facilities or fissile product to achieve the proposed constraints. Read the rest of this entry »
Research into Psychedelics, Shut Down for Decades, is Now Yielding Exciting Results
Posted: February 7, 2015 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Health and Social Issues, Science & Technology | Tags: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Albert Hofmann, Andy Warhol, Behavioral health, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, hallucinogens, Henry Kissinger, LSD, Medicine, Psilocybin mushrooms, Richard Nixon, War on Drugs, Washington DC | 1 Comment
The Trip Treatment
Michael Pollan writes: On an April Monday in 2010, Patrick Mettes, a fifty-four-year-old television news director being treated for a cancer of the bile ducts, read an article on the front page of the Times that would change his death. His diagnosis had come three years earlier, shortly after his wife, Lisa, noticed that the whites of his eyes had turned yellow. By 2010, the cancer had spread to Patrick's lungs and he was buckling under the weight of a debilitating chemotherapy regimen and the growing fear that he might not survive. The article, headlined "Hallucinogens Have Doctors Tuning in Again," mentioned clinical trials at several universities, including N.Y.U., in which psilocybin—the active ingredient in so-called magic mushrooms—was being administered to cancer patients in an effort to relieve their anxiety and "existential distress." One of the researchers was quoted as saying that, under the influence of the hallucinogen, "individuals transcend their primary identification with their bodies and experience ego-free states . . . and return with a new perspective and profound acceptance." Patrick had never taken a psychedelic drug, but he immediately wanted to volunteer. Lisa was against the idea. "I didn't want there to be an easy way out," she recently told me. "I wanted him to fight."
"I felt a little like an archeologist unearthing a completely buried body of knowledge. Some of the best minds in psychiatry had seriously studied these compounds in therapeutic models, with government funding."
— Anthony Bossis
Patrick made the call anyway and, after filling out some forms and answering a long list of questions, was accepted into the trial. Since hallucinogens can sometimes bring to the surface latent psychological problems, researchers try to weed out volunteers at high risk by asking questions about drug use and whether there is a family history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. After the screening, Mettes was assigned to a therapist named Anthony Bossis, a bearded, bearish psychologist in his mid-fifties, with a specialty in palliative care. Bossis is a co-principal investigator for the N.Y.U. trial.
After four meetings with Bossis, Mettes was scheduled for two dosings—one of them an "active" placebo (in this case, a high dose of niacin, which can produce a tingling sensation), and the other a pill containing the psilocybin. Both sessions, Mettes was told, would take place in a room decorated to look more like a living room than like a medical office, with a comfortable couch, landscape paintings on the wall, and, on the shelves, books of art and mythology, along with various aboriginal and spiritual tchotchkes, including a Buddha and a glazed ceramic mushroom. During each session, which would last the better part of a day, Mettes would lie on the couch wearing an eye mask and listening through headphones to a carefully curated playlist—Brian Eno, Philip Glass, Pat Metheny, Ravi Shankar. Bossis and a second therapist would be there throughout, saying little but being available to help should he run into any trouble.
"I thought the first ten or twenty people were plants—that they must be faking it. They were saying things like 'I understand love is the most powerful force on the planet,' or 'I had an encounter with my cancer, this black cloud of smoke.' People who had been palpably scared of death—they lost their fear. The fact that a drug given once can have such an effect for so long is an unprecedented finding. We have never had anything like it in the psychiatric field."
I met Bossis last year in the N.Y.U. treatment room, along with his colleague Stephen Ross, an associate professor of psychiatry at N.Y.U.'s medical school, who directs the ongoing psilocybin trials. Ross, who is in his forties, was dressed in a suit and could pass for a banker. He is also the director of the substance-abuse division at Bellevue, and he told me that he had known little about psychedelics—drugs that produce radical changes in consciousness, including hallucinations—until a colleague happened to mention that, in the nineteen-sixties, LSD had been used successfully to treat alcoholics. Ross did some research and was astounded at what he found.
"I felt a little like an archeologist unearthing a completely buried body of knowledge," he said. Beginning in the nineteen-fifties, psychedelics had been used to treat a wide variety of conditions, including alcoholism and end-of-life anxiety. The American Psychiatric Association held meetings centered on LSD. "Some of the best minds in psychiatry had seriously studied these compounds in therapeutic models, with government funding," Ross said.
Between 1953 and 1973, the federal government spent four million dollars to fund a hundred and sixteen studies of LSD, involving more than seventeen hundred subjects. (These figures don't include classified research.) Through the mid-nineteen-sixties, psilocybin and LSD were legal and remarkably easy to obtain. Sandoz, the Swiss chemical company where, in 1938, Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD, gave away large quantities of Delysid—LSD—to any researcher who requested it, in the hope that someone would discover a marketable application. Psychedelics were tested on alcoholics, people struggling with obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressives, autistic children, schizophrenics, terminal cancer patients, and convicts, as well as on perfectly healthy artists and scientists (to study creativity) and divinity students (to study spirituality). The results reported were frequently positive. But many of the studies were, by modern standards, poorly designed and seldom well controlled, if at all. When there were controls, it was difficult to blind the researchers—that is, hide from them which volunteers had taken the actual drug. (This remains a problem.)
Also see – Psychedelics: Poised for a Comeback (punditfromanotherplanet.com)
By the mid-nineteen-sixties, LSD had escaped from the laboratory and swept through the counterculture. In 1970, Richard Nixon signed the Controlled Substances Act and put most psychedelics on Schedule 1, prohibiting their use for any purpose. Research soon came to a halt, and what had been learned was all but erased from the field of psychiatry. "By the time I got to medical school, no one even talked about it," Ross said.
"People don't realize how few tools we have in psychiatry to address existential distress. Xanax isn't the answer. So how can we not explore this, if it can recalibrate how we die?"
The clinical trials at N.Y.U.—a second one, using psilocybin to treat alcohol addiction, is now getting under way—are part of a renaissance of psychedelic research taking place at several universities in the United States, including Johns Hopkins, the Harbor-U.C.L.A. Medical Center, and the University of New Mexico, as well as at Imperial College, in London, and the University of Zurich. As the drug war subsides, scientists are eager to reconsider the therapeutic potential of these drugs, beginning with psilocybin. (Last month The Lancet, the United Kingdom's most prominent medical journal, published a guest editorial in support of such research.) The effects of psilocybin resemble those of LSD, but, as one researcher explained, "it carries none of the political and cultural baggage of those three letters." LSD is also stronger and longer-lasting in its effects, and is considered more likely to produce adverse reactions. Researchers are using or planning to use psilocybin not only to treat anxiety, addiction (to smoking and alcohol), and depression but also to study the neurobiology of mystical experience, which the drug, at high doses, can reliably occasion. Forty years after the Nixon Administration effectively shut down most psychedelic research, the government is gingerly allowing a small number of scientists to resume working with these powerful and still somewhat mysterious molecules.
"Thirty minutes after my taking the mushrooms, the exterior world began to undergo a strange transformation. Everything assumed a Mexican character."
— Albert Hofmann
As I chatted with Tony Bossis and Stephen Ross in the treatment room at N.Y.U., their excitement about the results was evident. According to Ross, cancer patients receiving just a single dose of psilocybin experienced immediate and dramatic reductions in anxiety and depression, improvements that were sustained for at least six months. The data are still being analyzed and have not yet been submitted to a journal for peer review, but the researchers expect to publish later this year.
"I thought the first ten or twenty people were plants—that they must be faking it," Ross told me. "They were saying things like 'I understand love is the most powerful force on the planet,' or 'I had an encounter with my cancer, this black cloud of smoke.' People who had been palpably scared of death—they lost their fear. The fact that a drug given once can have such an effect for so long is an unprecedented finding. We have never had anything like it in the psychiatric field."
Aldous Huxley. Huxley proposed a research project involving the "administration of LSD to terminal cancer cases, in the hope that it would make dying a more spiritual, less strictly physiological process." Huxley had his wife inject him with the drug on his deathbed; he died at sixty-nine, of laryngeal cancer, on November 22, 1963.
I was surprised to hear such unguarded enthusiasm from a scientist, and a substance-abuse specialist, about a street drug that, since 1970, has been classified by the government as having no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. But the support for renewed research on psychedelics is widespread among medical experts. "I'm personally biased in favor of these type of studies," Thomas R. Insel, the director of the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.) and a neuroscientist, told me. "If it proves useful to people who are really suffering, we should look at it. Just because it is a psychedelic doesn't disqualify it in our eyes." Nora Volkow, the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (nida), emphasized that "it is important to remind people that experimenting with drugs of abuse outside a research setting can produce serious harms."
Many researchers I spoke with described their findings with excitement, some using words like "mind-blowing." Bossis said, "People don't realize how few tools we have in psychiatry to address existential distress. Xanax isn't the answer. So how can we not explore this, if it can recalibrate how we die?"
Herbert D. Kleber, a psychiatrist and the director of the substance-abuse division at the Columbia University–N.Y. State Psychiatric Institute, who is one of the nation's leading experts on drug abuse, struck a cautionary note. "The whole area of research is fascinating," he said. "But it's important to remember that the sample sizes are small." He also stressed the risk of adverse effects and the importance of "having guides in the room, since you can have a good experience or a frightful one." But he added, referring to the N.Y.U. and Johns Hopkins research, "These studies are being carried out by very well trained and dedicated therapists who know what they're doing. The question is, is it ready for prime time?"
The idea of giving a psychedelic drug to the dying was conceived by a novelist: Aldous Huxley. In 1953, Humphry Osmond, an English psychiatrist, introduced Huxley to mescaline, an experience he chronicled in "The Doors of Perception," in 1954. (Osmond coined the word "psychedelic," which means "mind-manifesting," in a 1957 letter to Huxley.) Huxley proposed a research project involving the "administration of LSD to terminal cancer cases, in the hope that it would make dying a more spiritual, less strictly physiological process." Huxley had his wife inject him with the drug on his deathbed; he died at sixty-nine, of laryngeal cancer, on November 22, 1963.
Psilocybin mushrooms first came to the attention of Western medicine (and popular culture) in a fifteen-page 1957 Life article by an amateur mycologist—and a vice-president of J. P. Morgan in New York—named R. Gordon Wasson. In 1955, after years spent chasing down reports of the clandestine use of magic mushrooms among indigenous Mexicans, Wasson was introduced to them by María Sabina, a curandera—a healer, or shaman—in southern Mexico. Wasson's awed first-person account of his psychedelic journey during a nocturnal mushroom ceremony inspired several scientists, including Timothy Leary, a well-regarded psychologist doing personality research at Harvard, to take up the study of psilocybin. After trying magic mushrooms in Cuernavaca, in 1960, Leary conceived the Harvard Psilocybin Project, to study the therapeutic potential of hallucinogens. His involvement with LSD came a few years later. Read the rest of this entry »
Rich Lowry: 'Even if you oppose the isolation of Cuba, this is not a good trade'
Posted: December 18, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, Global, History, Mediasphere, Think Tank, White House | Tags: Africa, Alan Phillip Gross, Angolan Civil War, Barack Obama, Cold War, Cuba, Fidel Castro, Henry Kissinger, National Review, Rich Lowry, Richard Nixon, United States | Leave a comment
Rich Lowry writes: …His surprise unilateral change in the U.S. posture toward the Castro dictatorship came without even the pretense of serious promises by the Cubans to reform their kleptocratic, totalitarian rule.
The trade of Alan Gross, the American aid worker jailed in Cuba for the offense of trying to help Jewish Cubans get on the Internet, for three Cuban spies is understandable (we also got back one of our spies, and Cuba released several dozen political prisoners as a sweetener).
"If tourism were the key to empowering and eventually liberating the Cuban people, the country would be a robust democracy by now. About a million Canadian tourists go to Cuba every year. In total, more than 2 million tourists visit annually, and yet the Castro regime is still standing."
The rest of Obama's sweeping revisions — diplomatic relations and the loosening of every economic sanction he can plausibly change on his own — are freely granted, no questions asked. It is quid with no pro quo. Even if you oppose the isolation of Cuba, this is not a good trade.
After waiting out 10 other U.S. presidents, the Castro regime finally hit the jackpot in Obama, whose beliefs about our Cuba policy probably don't differ much from those of the average black-turtleneck-clad graduate student in Latin American studies.
"The Cuba embargo is condemned as a relic of the Cold War. But the root of the matter is the Cuban regime that is itself a relic, an inhuman jackboot left over from the era when people actually professed to believe in workers' paradises."
Every dictator around the world must be waiting anxiously for a call or a postcard from Obama. The leader of the free world comes bearing gifts and understanding. He is willing to overlook human-rights abuses. And his idea of burnishing his legacy is to clinch deals with his country's enemies. Read the rest of this entry »
Kissinger: Foreign Nations Worried Not about U.S. Presence But U.S. Absence
Posted: September 7, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, Global, Mediasphere, Think Tank, War Room, White House | Tags: Barack Obama, EUROPE, Fascism, Henry Kissinger, Kissinger, Middle East, New World Order, NWO Tyranny, United States, Western world | 3 Comments
"The fundamental public statements of the administration have emphasized more what we should not do than what we can achieve. They have implied that a withdrawal of America from certain regions is actually beneficial to these regions."
Kissinger noted the obvious consequence:
"I think that the fear in the countries that I know — and that's very many of them — is that the United States is withdrawing."
via National Review Online
Nixon's Dilemma
Posted: August 14, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Humor, Mediasphere, Politics, White House | Tags: Henry Kissinger, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Twitter, Watergate | Leave a comment
Henry Kissinger, 91, Undergoes Heart Surgery
Posted: July 15, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Breaking News, History, Mediasphere, Politics | Tags: Ailee, George W. Bush, Henry Kissinger, Richard Gere, Rush University Medical Center, SPICA, Surgery, U-KISS | 1 Comment
Nobel laureate Henry Kissinger, 91, undergoes heart surgery. http://t.co/1sZ0UxsjrL pic.twitter.com/4kUSqysqXK
— New York Daily News (@NYDailyNews) July 16, 2014
[VIDEO] REWIND: The Fall of Saigon
Posted: June 19, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Global, History, War Room | Tags: Gerald Ford, Helicopter, Henry Kissinger, Ho Chi Minh City, Operation Frequent Wind, Saigon Kick, Vietnam, YouTube | 1 Comment
H/t – Doug Potratz, Reclaim Our Republic, Brittius.com
Henry Kissinger: To Settle the Ukraine crisis, Start at the End
Posted: March 6, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, Think Tank, War Room | Tags: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Battle of Poltava, Crimea, Henry Kissinger, RUSSIA, Ukraine, United States, Washington Post, Zbigniew Brzezinski | 2 Comments
I knew it…it was only a matter of time…only a few days…before the most senior figures from the Zombie Museum of Foreign Policy would pen Op-Eds, weighing in on the current developments in the Ukraine. A few days ago, Zbigniew Brzezinski was re-animated, today, we have none other than Henry Kissinger:
For the The Washington Post, Henry Kissinger writes: Public discussion on Ukraine is all about confrontation. But do we know where we are going? In my life, I have seen four wars begun with great enthusiasm and public support, all of which we did not know how to end and from three of which we withdrew unilaterally. The test of policy is how it ends, not how it begins.
"Foreign policy is the art of establishing priorities."
Far too often the Ukrainian issue is posed as a showdown: whether Ukraine joins the East or the West. But if Ukraine is to survive and thrive, it must not be either side's outpost against the other — it should function as a bridge between them.
[See Zbigniew Brzezinski Weighs in]
Russia must accept that to try to force Ukraine into a satellite status, and thereby move Russia's borders again, would doom Moscow to repeat its history of self-fulfilling cycles of reciprocal pressures with Europe and the United States.
[BOOK] Preview: Nixon Tapes and Transcripts
Posted: February 28, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: History, Politics, U.S. News | Tags: Douglas Brinkley, Henry Kissinger, National Archives and Records Administration, Nixon, Oval Office, Richard Nixon, Salvador Allende, Soviet Union, Watergate, White House | 3 Comments
Coming this August, on the 40th anniversary of Nixon's resignation, a new book, "The Nixon Tapes" by Douglas Brinkley and Luke Nichter. From the Amazon description, here's a preview:
President Nixon's voice-activated taping system captured every word spoken in the Oval Office, Cabinet Room, and other key locations in the White House, and at Camp David — 3,700 hours of recordings between 1971 and 1973. Yet less than 5 percent of those conversations have ever been transcribed and published. Now, thanks to professor Luke Nichter's massive effort to digitize and transcribe the tapes, the world can finally read an unprecedented account of one of the most important and controversial presidencies in U.S. history.
The Nixon Tapes offers a selection of fascinating scenes from the
year Nixon opened relations with China, negotiated the SALT I arms agreement with the Soviet Union, and won a landslide reelection victory. All the while, the growing shadow of Watergate and Nixon's political downfall crept ever closer. The Nixon Tapes provides a never-before-seen glimpse into a flawed president's hubris, paranoia, and political genius.
[Look for the Kindle edition of The Nixon Tapes, or pre-order the hardback book from Amazon]
Nixon could never have imagined that people with home computers and smartphones would someday have instant access to a digitized library of audio and transcripts, representing thousands of hours of his White House recordings. Here's the introduction from nixontapes.org:
nixontapes.org has the most complete, digital collection of the Nixon tapes in existence, which includes approximately 2,950 hours of the nearly 3,000 hours of tapes currently declassified and released by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). In addition, we have transcribed approximately 3,000 pages of conversations on many topics, from conversations dealing with the installation of the taping system in February 1971 to Cabinet Room conversations recorded in July 1973.
The Special Relationship: Past, Present and Future
Posted: January 13, 2014 | Author: Pundit Planet | Filed under: Diplomacy, Global, History, Think Tank | Tags: Britain, Henry Kissinger, Margaret Thatcher, Reykjavík Summit, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Ronald Reagan, Special Relationship, United States | 1 Comment
The history of the Special relationship, from Churchill to Thatcher and beyond
Henry A. Kissinger writes: The challenge that we have come together to discuss is how America and the Western world can find a sense of direction at a moment when they are confronted by revolutions on many continents. And as they navigate this issue, our public needs to have a sense that its leaders are devoted to peace, and our adversaries have to know that there is a line they cannot cross except at extreme peril: To combine these two is the key challenge.
But before we make a few remarks about that, let me say a few things about Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher. I knew both of them for many decades, and I used to brief Reagan for President Nixon every month on international development. I remember during the 1973 war, I told him we had a problem. We wanted to help Israel with resupply, but we wanted to do it on the basis of criteria that were not too provocative to those Arabs that had not yet joined the war. So Reagan said, "I have a suggestion. Tell them you will replace all the planes that the Egyptians had said they have shot down." That would have tripled the Israeli air force, and the Egyptian air force at that time was renowned for never getting anywhere close to an Israeli target.
I had moderately frequent contact with Reagan when he was President. He was exactly the right man for those times. He knew how to navigate between the two poles that I described: defining the limits beyond which the Soviets would not be permitted to go, but, at the same time, laying down perspectives for peace around which people could rally. It was, after all, Reagan who proposed the abandonment of all nuclear weapons at the Reykjavík Summit, but the one weapon he wouldn't give up at the Reykjavík Summit was the Strategic Defense Initiative because he wanted to be protected against Soviet violations.


text:
Q: How can I figure out the DNS nameservers of client connected to Express server? I would like to create a command-line DNS leak tool that would be queried using a cURL GET request but have no clue how to get client DNS nameservers.
Trying to figure out how this is done on https://ipleak.net/.

A: You'll need a custom DNS server to do this.
It looks like that tool generates a bunch of random DNS entries that need to be resolved, then tracks which DNS server IPs ask for those records.
For example, when I ran the test I got this entry:
w10zp1nbxt8uhf7le9rmr91l2zbw4ml7rt0na3ql.ipleak.net

By tracking which server(s) access this name you can roughly determine where the DNS queries originate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Symbolizing frequency as $v$ In my school textbook $v$ is symbolized to the frequency of the wave. Is that correct?

I also saw this convention used in Chemistry: The Central Science
By Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay Jr

A: It should be the lowercase Greek letter nu. Like this:
$\nu$
whereas the italic lowercase Roman letter vee looks like this:
$v$
In LaTeX/MathJax, write lowercase nu using \nu. Eg,
$$\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}$$
can be written using
$$\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}$$

Wikipedia says:

Its Latin equivalent is N, though the lowercase resembles the Roman
  lowercase v ($\nu$).
The uppercase Nu is not used, because it is normally identical to
  Latin N. The lower-case letter ν is used as a symbol for:

*

*Degree of freedom in statistics.

*The frequency of a wave in physics and other fields; sometimes also spatial frequency; wavenumber

*The specific volume in thermodynamics.

*Kinematic viscosity in fluid mechanics.

*Poisson's ratio, the ratio of strains perpendicular with and parallel with an applied force.

*Any of three kinds of neutrino in particle physics.

*One of the Greeks in mathematical finance, known as "vega".

*The number of neutrons released per fission of an atom in nuclear    physics.

*A DNA polymerase found in higher eukaryotes and implicated    in translesion synthesis.

*Molecular vibrational mode, νx where x is the number of the vibration (a label).

*The stoichiometric coefficient.

*The greatest fixed point of a function, as commonly used in    the μ-calculus.

*Free names of a process, as used in the π-calculus.

*The maximum conditioning possible for an unconditioned stimulus in the Rescorla-Wagner model.

*The true anomaly, an angular parameter that defines the position of a    body moving along an orbit (see orbital elements).

A: Other answers are mostly correct, but an issue in your wording and thinking needs to be addressed.
Notation is never incorrect or correct by itself. As other answers say, you usually see the Greek letter $\nu$ to represent frequency, but you can use any variable for anything as long as you are consistent with your notation and are correct with what is physically being described by your equations. For example, I can say an object's kinetic energy $\Omega$ is $$\Omega=qvB$$ where $q=1/2$, $v$ is the object's mass, and $B$ is the square of the object's velocity$^*$. Then staying consistent with this, the momentum of the object would be $v\sqrt B$. I'm not using the usual variables, but no one can say I'm incorrect since I have defined what my variables mean and how I have used them is physically correct. However, you could say I'm incorrect if I then said momentum is $vB$. This would not be because my equation isn't the usual $p=mv$, but because based on my definitions I'm not getting an actual momentum (in usual variables I would be saying momentum is $mv^2$, which is indeed wrong because momentum is not "mass times velocity squared").
Therefore, your question "Is that correct?" is not answerable without knowing what each variable means. It looks like the sources you give are being consistent within their own work and what their variables physically represent. So yes, they are correct. But their correctness isn't because they use the usual variables, and they wouldn't be incorrect if they didn't use the usual variables.

$^*$ I could go even further and say $\Omega=q+v+B$ where "$+$" means to multiply. I wouldn't be wrong, but at this point I would probably be going against convention too much and start losing the attention and respect of my readers.

A: Yep it's nu. When you write it use two curved lines, not two straight lines.


Our first "I'm at a wedding!" guest post is by Desiree B. of Inky Tavern. I probably haven't even left yet, so look forward to a hotel room post later.
Also, "criticism" is the word that knocked me out of the city spelling bee in fourth grade. I've always hated that word.
Criticism is like zits: inevitable and difficult to ignore.
Criticism can influence the way a person behaves or thinks. This is great when the piece of criticism you receive is meant to help you improve. However, it's not-so-great when it's meant to put you down.
Whenever I face criticism, I keep a few things in mind so that I don't take them too personal.
Don't try to please everyone because criticism is subjective.
Do you like escargot? Classical music? Yodeling? Strawberry ice cream?
I guarantee there's another person in the world that dislikes some (if not, everything) you like. Our individuality makes us unique and influences the things that we like or dislike.
I wrote a gleaming review on my blog for Mark Dawson's The Cleaner a year or two ago. I then got a comment from someone who not only disliked the book, but also felt that I was an idiot for giving it any praise (don't you just love the internet?).
If it has merit, take note. If not, don't let it keep you up at night.
Trying to find worth in a piece of criticism is like a prospector trying to find diamonds in a clump of dirt. You have to separate the "filth" (things you took negatively) from what could be beneficial. This means putting your emotions on standby and engaging your intellectual self.
During my freshman year in college, my history professor criticized me for using too many lengthy quotes in my midterm paper. I took a deep breath and decided to see if he was right. Guess what? He was (there was one quote that took up a third of the paper—yikes!). Lesson learned.
Not all criticisms are like this. There are those that are the worthless ramblings of a bored and conceited person. So worthless that it's not even worth stringing sentences together to explain or your precious mental energy to decipher.
Just wave them off as you would an annoying fly (remember that comment I told you about? I moved it into the trash bin).
What you mentally do with a piece of criticism is YOUR responsibility.
You can't control what someone says or writes to you, but you can control how you process and respond to it. If you decide to get upset or cry over a piece of criticism—guess what? That was your decision. The person who criticized you can't make you do or feel anything (unless they're telepathic). You're in control of those things whether you realize it or not.
Take my history midterm paper for example, I chose to approach my professor's criticism in an analytical manner. I didn't cry over it or secretly kill him in my novel (lol!).
So there you have it! The three truths (and lessons) that I've learned about criticism. While I can't say that the way I deal with criticism will work for you, I can say that they may be worth keeping in mind. Who knows, maybe they'll change your life.
This is a very growing toward the sun way to view criticism. 🙂 I like how you broke it down—take what you want and leave the rest.


text:
package usecases

type Logger interface {
	Log(message string)
	Error(err error)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As a new real estate investor, when you start investigating info on real estate investing for beginners, you'll find that there are a lot of experts and guides out there looking to sell you high priced information. You can also look for Ron Morgan Properties for buying Property in Puerto Vallarta.
You will have to trade time or money to get what you want in real estate. You can't get something for little or nothing, so in case you buy a pricey course to get somebody else's experience and shave years off your learning curve, you'll still have a learning curve. Plus, you will have to find leads, and this kind of marketing needs (you guessed it) time and/or money.
Leverage reduces both ways. When the marketplace is certainly going up, leverage can be considered a great ally in assisting you acquire more property with less of your money. However, when the marketplace is very soft or declining, as also happens with market cycles, using a great deal of leverage can put you "ugly" on your collateral and cash flow – an extremely dangerous situation. Protect yourself by "making your cash when you get" and transferring up those "skinny" offers.
It's about negotiating with the encouraged sellers. A whole lot of courses cause you to think that if you discover the motivated vendors, you can just pluck in the discounts like daisies in the orchard. That's almost true. Whether you're employed in commercial or domestic real estate, you'll receive much better bargains when you discuss with an encouraged seller.


Means they want that number of children one day with you.
Oh wait you mean he wants a certain amount of children with me? I thought you meant like he already has kids what is the limit where I am not interested anymore. 7 and over if he wants that many kids with me. It's like, I guess you don't care if I am destroyed after giving birth and stretching everything out 7 or more times. But even having like 4 kids does a number. But I wonder is it really true that guys can tell the difference in looseness after his wife has a baby?
4-6 would have me pressing the breaks. Unless some would be adopted.
4-6. Three is my maximum, I want two the most.
3 would be my maximum.
If you are extremely career driven do you take time to date at all? Why are people self destructive? Would you date a person with a family history of cancer? Would you date a married guy / woman if they told you that they will divorce soon? Singles, do you all feel confident you'll find the right person?
If someone expresses the want of children during a date... why is there something wrong with them? It's a date, they didn't say they wanted to have a child WITH you, but they are starting what they expect out of life and a relationship. I don't understand why girls think there's something wrong with a guy who thinks about the future, it shows maturity and that they are actually serious when it comes to family life/relationships.
There's no such thing as "discussions for later" the earlier you have them the better.
@virginbish I'd prefer to talk about general interests, likes, dislikes, immediate family, schools. You can't pack every thought, idea, plan or question into a two or three hour date. I would not consider that a subject for a first date. Just as I wouldn't be interested in your five year life plan. I'd like to know what we might have in common. If I like your personality, your sense of humor, your company. If none of that clicks, who cares about the rest?
@virginbish "Date" does not imply relationship or serious to me. It implies casual. I can't argue exactly what the asker means. I'm giving my impression. My thoughts are if this is a new person I'm just getting to know, the children, marriage, housing, what I"m going to do with my life questions are for more serious discussions, when we knew each other better. You think differently. We disagree. If it came up, I'd say I didn't want to discuss that with someone I didn't know well. If he insisted, I'd probably feel that this question was inappropriate and we were not suited for each other.
@virginbish Yes! And I'd say "dating" is a means of getting past casual to serious, but I'd be taking my time. It's according to how you feel about the other person, or how the dating is going... so much stuff. Hard to weigh. Perhaps with one guy you'd feel comfortable. With another, you wouldn't go there. Every dating experience doesn't head to serious.
Three or four. I can see that if the other two are about grown and ready to be out in the world, but having all of those kids at once and there is no way you can financially take care of them all for an additional 18+ years is taxing and you're just asking to die early of stress and put your living descendants in jeopardy. .
I wish to have more than one kids and I really wanna have at least one son and at least one daughter. Fortunately me boyfriend also likes the idea of having some kids... 4-6 sounds scary but it's still something that I think I can live with. 7 and over sounds like a big no.
I could live with someone who wants less or more children than I do, but I sure as hell can't live with a man who wants to be child free. I don't even know what's the point of me committing to a man who isn't even willing to make me a mother. 🤷 It's not about breeding folks, it's about parenting.
If they really want any children I'm probably not the guy for them. For a number of reasons I feel passing on my genetic material is likely a mistake. If they really want children I might be open to finding a sperm donor, or adoption.
Honestly, I do not really have a limit, however many she wants to have, as long as we have a way of taking care of all of them.
My husband wants 4 which is too much but would be the maximum.
Maybe I'll change my mind in few years but pregnancy is hard to say the least.
People say you forget a lot of the bad parts when you have your baby unless you had a pregnancy with some intense complications.
One, because I don't really want kids in the future.
I would be freaked out if they asked me what number of children do I want as well can I have children. Like wtf?
I am too old to be having more kids now so wanting one kid would be too much.
I am scared off if she does not want any children. I want as many as possible that I can afford.
I don't want more than 1 kid. More that 1 kid amd I'm breaking the deal.
How I wished I can have even just one.
We already agreed on one child.
I'd be fine with more, but one is good too.
4-6 because it takes 3 to populate.
The only way population will increase is if every two people produce at least 3 children.
ill be scared of her dying.
Why would I be scared off?
Home > Dating > If your date expresses a desired number of children, at what point are you scared off?


text:
Peraustrínia 2004 est un film d'animation espagnol de science-fiction réalisé par Àngel García et sorti en 1990. C'est un dessin animé employant la technique de la rotoscopie. L'intrigue, située dans le futur, évoque une société où le contrôle technologique élaboré par un savant menace de disparition le hasard lui-même. Ce film est l'un des premiers longs métrages de dessin animé en version originale catalane.

Synopsis
L'intrigue est située dans le futur, en 2004, et se déroule dans un pays fictif d'Europe centrale appelé Peraustrínia, entièrement consacré à la science et aux technologies. À cette époque, la technologie a permis de mettre fin aux guerres et à la pauvreté. En revanche, c'est le hasard et l'imagination qui sont en danger de disparaître. De leur côté, les habitants d'un autre pays, l'Empire du hasard, appelés les hasardeux (los azarosos), qui sont des créatures en constante métamorphose et très facétieuses, font leur possible pour semer le chaos dans la société des humains. Mais un jeune savant peraustrinien, Tristán, a mis au point une technologie qui semble lui permettre de contrôler totalement le hasard. Ses agents sont même capables de prévoir l'avenir. L'Empire du hasard est donc en grand danger. Mais une chose échappe encore au contrôle de Tristán : la princesse Priscilla, dont il est amoureux mais qui le déteste. Un jour, l'Empereur des hasardeux offre un accord à Tristán : s'il leur vient en aide, ils l'aideront à se faire aimer de Priscilla.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Peraustrínia 2004
 Réalisation : Àngel García
 Scénario : Joan Marimón
 Musique originale : Anthony Pilley
 Direction artistique : Neus Górriz
 Conception des costumes : Elisabet Bartolí
 Production : Fermín Marimón
 Studio de production : Fermín Marimón PC
 Distribution : Laurenfilm (Espagne, sortie en salles)
 Pays :
 Langue : catalan
 Format : couleur (Agfacolor)
 Durée : 75 minutes
 Son : ultra stéréo
 Date de sortie : Espagne :

Production
Les personnages principaux du film sont animés à l'aide de la technique de la rotoscopie, qui consiste à recourir d'abord à des acteurs en chair et en os dont les mouvements sont ensuite redessinés par les animateurs. Une équipe de 200 personnes travaille pour le film. La production du film dure trois ans.

Peraustrínia 2004 est l'un des tout premiers dessins animés à être réalisés en version originale catalane, avec le film Despertaferro.

Édition en vidéo
Le film a été édité en cassette vidéo VHS par Lauren Video Hogar.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Fiche du film sur le site de la Filmothèque de Catalogne
  Fiche du film sur le site Barcelona Cultura

Film d'animation espagnol
Film espagnol sorti en 1990
Film se déroulant dans un pays fictif en Europe
Film de science-fiction espagnol
Film en catalan
Film se déroulant dans le futur
Film se déroulant dans les années 2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Silver Rocket Digital has released an update to the iOS version of the popular London Diving Chamber app, introducing the ability for users to backup their dives.
Upon updating the London Diving Chamber app on their device, users will be prompted to enter their name and email address, to create a profile to store their My Dives and My Dive Sites data against. In addition, a new button has been added to the home screen of the app, allowing users to "push" dive data from their device to the London Diving Chamber servers.
At present the new synchronisation functionality only allows user dive data to be "pushed" to the server, but in the coming weeks a further enhancement will be introduced to both the iOS and Android versions of the app which will allow users to "pull" the data back to their device – this will be extremely useful if a user's device is lost, stolen or the app is uninstalled, as entering their name and the email address used when setting up their profile will allow their dive data to be retrieved and added to a fresh installation of the app.
The dive data made available to the London Diving Chamber will provide invaluable insight into not only how divers are using the app itself, but will also assist in understanding geographic locations where dives are being made, allowing for better planning of resources offered to divers by the chamber.
The app can be downloaded from the iTunes app store.


text:
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2011, Joseph A. Roback
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of the Joseph A. Roback nor the names of its contributors
//   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
//   without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
//  SSHTunnel.h
//  SSHTunnel
//
//  Created by Joseph Roback on 12/11/09.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

enum
{
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonExit = 1,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonPermissionDenied = 2,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonHostKeyVerificationFailed = 3,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonResolveHostnameFailed = 4,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonConnectTimeout = 5,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonConnectionRefused = 6,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonLocalBindAddressInUse = 7,
	SSHTunnelTerminationReasonRemoteBindAddressInUse = 8
};

typedef NSInteger SSHTunnelTerminationReason;

/*!
 @abstract SSH Tunnels
 @discussion An SSHTunnel instance is ...
 @throws NSInvalidArgumentException
 @updated 2009-12-16
 */

@interface SSHTunnel : NSObject
{
@protected
	NSString *_sshLaunchPath;

	NSString *_hostname;
	NSUInteger _port;

	NSString *_username;
	NSString *_password;

	BOOL _allocatesPseudoTTY;
	BOOL _allowsPasswordAuthentication;
	BOOL _allowsPublicKeyAuthentication;
	NSUInteger _connectTimeout;
	BOOL _forceIPv4;
	BOOL _forceIPv6;
	BOOL _forceProtocol1;
	BOOL _forceProtocol2;
	BOOL _gatewayPorts;
	NSString *_identityFile;
	BOOL _X11Forwarding;
	BOOL _X11TrustedForwarding;

	NSMutableArray *_localForwards;
	NSMutableArray *_remoteForwards;
	NSMutableArray *_dynamicForwards;

	NSFileHandle *_namedPipeHandle;
	NSString *_namedPipe;
	NSTask *_sshTask;
	NSFileHandle *_sshInHandle;
	NSFileHandle *_sshErrHandle;
	BOOL _launched;
	BOOL _connected;
	SSHTunnelTerminationReason _terminationReason;
}

@property (readwrite,retain) NSString *sshLaunchPath;

@property (readwrite,retain) NSString *hostname;
@property (readwrite,assign) NSUInteger port;

@property (readwrite,retain) NSString *username;
@property (readwrite,retain) NSString *password;

@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL allocatesPseudoTTY;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL allowsPasswordAuthentication;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL allowsPublicKeyAuthentication;
@property (readwrite,assign) NSUInteger connectTimeout;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL forceIPv4;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL forceIPv6;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL forceProtocol1;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL forceProtocol2;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL  gatewayPorts;
@property (readwrite,retain) NSString *identityFile;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL X11Forwarding;
@property (readwrite,assign) BOOL X11TrustedForwarding;

@property (readonly) NSArray *localForwards;
@property (readonly) NSArray *remoteForwards;
@property (readonly) NSArray *dynamicForwards;

@property (readonly,getter=isConnected) BOOL connected;
@property (readonly) SSHTunnelTerminationReason terminationReason;

+ (SSHTunnel *)sshTunnelWithHostname:(NSString *)hostname
                                port:(NSUInteger)port
                            username:(NSString *)username
                            password:(NSString *)password;
/*!
 @abstract Returns an available local port.
 */
+ (int)localPort;

- (id)init;

- (id)initWithHostname:(NSString *)hostname
                  port:(NSUInteger)port
              username:(NSString *)username
              password:(NSString *)password;

- (void)addLocalForwardWithBindAddress:(NSString *)bindAddress
                              bindPort:(NSUInteger)bindPort
                                  host:(NSString *)host
                              hostPort:(NSUInteger)hostPort;

- (void)addRemoteForwardWithBindAddress:(NSString *)bindAddress
                               bindPort:(NSUInteger)bindPort
                                   host:(NSString *)host
                               hostPort:(NSUInteger)hostPort;

- (void)addDynamicForwardWithBindAddress:(NSString *)bindAddress
                                bindPort:(NSUInteger)bindPort;

- (void)launch;
- (void)terminate;
- (void)waitUntilExit;

- (BOOL)isRunning;
- (int)sshProcessIdentifier;

@end

#define kSSHTunnelNamedPipe @"SSHTUNNEL_NAMEDPIPE"

extern NSString * const SSHTunnelDidConnectNotification;
extern NSString * const SSHTunnelDidTerminateNotification;

extern NSString * const SSHTunnelNotificationForwardTunnelsItem;
extern NSString * const SSHTunnelNotificationReverseTunnelsItem;

extern NSString * const kSSHTunnelForwardBindAddress;
extern NSString * const kSSHTunnelForwardBindPort;
extern NSString * const kSSHTunnelForwardHost;
extern NSString * const kSSHTunnelForwardHostPort;