text:
H.R.6086 - To amend section 249 of title 18, United States Code, to specify lynching as a hate crime act.115th Congress (2017-2018)
Rep. Rush, Bobby L. [D-IL-1] (Introduced 06/13/2018)
House - Judiciary
House - 07/30/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions)
Crime and Law Enforcement
Sponsor: Rep. Rush, Bobby L. [D-IL-1] | Cosponsor statistics: 68 current - includes 35 original
Rep. Davis, Danny K. [D-IL-7]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Waters, Maxine [D-CA-43]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Clyburn, James E. [D-SC-6]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Scott, Robert C. "Bobby" [D-VA-3]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Jackson Lee, Sheila [D-TX-18]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Clay, Wm. Lacy [D-MO-1]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Scott, David [D-GA-13]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Clarke, Yvette D. [D-NY-9]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Bass, Karen [D-CA-37]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Sewell, Terri A. [D-AL-7]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Payne, Donald M., Jr. [D-NJ-10]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Jeffries, Hakeem S. [D-NY-8]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Adams, Alma S. [D-NC-12]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Watson Coleman, Bonnie [D-NJ-12]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Moore, Gwen [D-WI-4]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Beatty, Joyce [D-OH-3]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Demings, Val Butler [D-FL-10]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Johnson, Eddie Bernice [D-TX-30]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Butterfield, G. K. [D-NC-1]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Hastings, Alcee L. [D-FL-20]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Brown, Anthony G. [D-MD-4]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Evans, Dwight [D-PA-2]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Wilson, Frederica S. [D-FL-24]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Johnson, Henry C. "Hank," Jr. [D-GA-4]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Richmond, Cedric L. [D-LA-2]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Lawrence, Brenda L. [D-MI-14]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Thompson, Bennie G. [D-MS-2]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Fudge, Marcia L. [D-OH-11]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Bishop, Sanford D., Jr. [D-GA-2]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Carson, Andre [D-IN-7]* 06/13/2018
Rep. Lewis, John [D-GA-5] 06/14/2018
Rep. Soto, Darren [D-FL-9] 07/10/2018
Rep. Pallone, Frank, Jr. [D-NJ-6] 07/10/2018
Rep. Lance, Leonard [R-NJ-7] 07/10/2018
Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2] 07/11/2018
Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10] 07/12/2018
Rep. Boyle, Brendan F. [D-PA-13] 07/18/2018
Rep. Serrano, Jose E. [D-NY-15] 07/18/2018
Rep. Higgins, Brian [D-NY-26] 07/19/2018
Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9] 07/19/2018
Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3] 07/19/2018
Rep. Veasey, Marc A. [D-TX-33] 07/19/2018
Rep. Green, Al [D-TX-9] 07/24/2018
Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13] 07/24/2018
Rep. Capuano, Michael E. [D-MA-7] 07/24/2018
Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9] 07/25/2018
Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7] 07/25/2018
Rep. Lawson, Al, Jr. [D-FL-5] 07/25/2018
Rep. Perlmutter, Ed [D-CO-7] 07/31/2018
Rep. Vela, Filemon [D-TX-34] 07/31/2018
Rep. Cartwright, Matt [D-PA-17] 07/31/2018
Rep. Raskin, Jamie [D-MD-8] 07/31/2018
Rep. Wasserman Schultz, Debbie [D-FL-23] 08/14/2018
Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7] 08/14/2018
Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-2] 08/14/2018
Rep. Yarmuth, John A. [D-KY-3] 08/14/2018
Rep. Khanna, Ro [D-CA-17] 08/14/2018
Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-8] 08/24/2018
Rep. McNerney, Jerry [D-CA-9] 09/06/2018
Rep. DeGette, Diana [D-CO-1] 09/12/2018
Rep. Peters, Scott H. [D-CA-52] 09/12/2018
Rep. Norcross, Donald [D-NJ-1] 10/02/2018
Rep. Carbajal, Salud O. [D-CA-24] 12/11/2018
06/13/2018 - Rep. Davis, Danny K. [D-IL-7]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Waters, Maxine [D-CA-43]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Clyburn, James E. [D-SC-6]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Scott, Robert C. "Bobby" [D-VA-3]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Jackson Lee, Sheila [D-TX-18]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Clay, Wm. Lacy [D-MO-1]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Scott, David [D-GA-13]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Clarke, Yvette D. [D-NY-9]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Bass, Karen [D-CA-37]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Sewell, Terri A. [D-AL-7]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Payne, Donald M., Jr. [D-NJ-10]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Jeffries, Hakeem S. [D-NY-8]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Adams, Alma S. [D-NC-12]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Watson Coleman, Bonnie [D-NJ-12]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Moore, Gwen [D-WI-4]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Beatty, Joyce [D-OH-3]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Demings, Val Butler [D-FL-10]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Johnson, Eddie Bernice [D-TX-30]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Butterfield, G. K. [D-NC-1]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Hastings, Alcee L. [D-FL-20]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Brown, Anthony G. [D-MD-4]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Evans, Dwight [D-PA-2]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Wilson, Frederica S. [D-FL-24]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Johnson, Henry C. "Hank," Jr. [D-GA-4]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Richmond, Cedric L. [D-LA-2]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Lawrence, Brenda L. [D-MI-14]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Thompson, Bennie G. [D-MS-2]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Fudge, Marcia L. [D-OH-11]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Bishop, Sanford D., Jr. [D-GA-2]*
06/13/2018 - Rep. Carson, Andre [D-IN-7]*
06/14/2018 - Rep. Lewis, John [D-GA-5]
07/10/2018 - Rep. Soto, Darren [D-FL-9]
07/10/2018 - Rep. Pallone, Frank, Jr. [D-NJ-6]
07/10/2018 - Rep. Lance, Leonard [R-NJ-7]
07/11/2018 - Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2]
07/12/2018 - Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10]
07/18/2018 - Rep. Boyle, Brendan F. [D-PA-13]
07/18/2018 - Rep. Serrano, Jose E. [D-NY-15]
07/19/2018 - Rep. Higgins, Brian [D-NY-26]
07/19/2018 - Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]
07/19/2018 - Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3]
07/19/2018 - Rep. Veasey, Marc A. [D-TX-33]
07/24/2018 - Rep. Green, Al [D-TX-9]
07/24/2018 - Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13]
07/24/2018 - Rep. Capuano, Michael E. [D-MA-7]
07/25/2018 - Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9]
07/25/2018 - Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7]
07/25/2018 - Rep. Lawson, Al, Jr. [D-FL-5]
07/31/2018 - Rep. Perlmutter, Ed [D-CO-7]
07/31/2018 - Rep. Vela, Filemon [D-TX-34]
07/31/2018 - Rep. Cartwright, Matt [D-PA-17]
07/31/2018 - Rep. Raskin, Jamie [D-MD-8]
08/14/2018 - Rep. Wasserman Schultz, Debbie [D-FL-23]
08/14/2018 - Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7]
08/14/2018 - Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-2]
08/14/2018 - Rep. Yarmuth, John A. [D-KY-3]
08/14/2018 - Rep. Khanna, Ro [D-CA-17]
08/24/2018 - Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-8]
09/06/2018 - Rep. McNerney, Jerry [D-CA-9]
09/12/2018 - Rep. DeGette, Diana [D-CO-1]
09/12/2018 - Rep. Peters, Scott H. [D-CA-52]
10/02/2018 - Rep. Norcross, Donald [D-NJ-1]
12/11/2018 - Rep. Carbajal, Salud O. [D-CA-24]
California [7]
Florida [6]
New Jersey [6]
New York [6]
Texas [5]
Maryland [3]
Ohio [3]
Pennsylvania [3]
Illinois [2]
North Carolina [2]
Tennessee [2]
Alabama [1]
Connecticut [1]
Indiana [1]
Kentucky [1]
Louisiana [1]
Michigan [1]
Minnesota [1]
Mississippi [1]
South Carolina [1]
Virginia [1]
Washington [1]
Wisconsin [1]


text:
February 18th is the forty-ninth day of the year. It is Wife's Day (Konudagur) in Iceland, which traditionally falls on the first day of Góa according to the old Icelandic calendar.
In the United States, it is "celebrated" as National Battery Day (honoring the storage device, not beating on someone), National Crab Stuffed Flounder Day, and National Drink Wine Day.
In 1791, Congress passed a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective on March 4th. Of course, the state had already existed for fourteen years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.
In 1861, Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America in Montgomery, Alabama.
In 1878, the Lincoln County War began in Lincoln County, New Mexico after John Tunstall was murdered by the outlaw Jesse Evans.
In 1885, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain was published.
In 1930, Elm Farm Ollie became both the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and the first cow to be milked in an aircraft.
In 1931, Toni Morrison was born. She was an American novelist, editor, and Nobel Prize laureate.
In 1950, Cybill Shepherd was born.
In 1954, John Travolta was born.
In 1968, Molly Ringwald was born.
In 1977, the Space Shuttle Enterprise test vehicle was ferried on its maiden "flight" on top of a Boeing 747.
In 1950, filmmaker John Hughes was born.
John Hughes began his career by selling jokes to performers like Rodney Dangerfield and Joan Rivers. After several copywriting jobs, he landed as an author of satirical essays for National Lampoon magazine. His first story was "Vacation '58", which was inspired by his family trips as a child and became the basis for the film National Lampoon's Vacation.
His first credited screenplay, National Lampoon's Class Reunion, was written while he was at the magazine, and it became the second major flop that tried to duplicate the success of National Lampoon's Animal House. Undaunted, Hughes wrote Vacation and Mr. Mom, earning him a three-film deal with Universal Pictures.
His directorial debut was Sixteen Candles in 1984 and was considered a refreshing look at adolescence and high school life in comparison to raunchier Porky's-inspired films. He continued his "teen movie" style with The Breakfast Club, Pretty in Pink, Weird Science, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and Some Kind of Wonderful. All of these films became iconic of the early to mid-1980s.
He branched out in 1987 with a wider style, including Planes, Trains, and Automobiles, Uncle Buck, National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation, and Curly Sue. That last film was his final directorial effort, capping an era of filmmaking that wasn't nearly as popular as his teen films. I'm in the minority in that regard.
He also served as writer and/or producer on a long list of films, including The Great Outdoors, the first three Home Alone films, Career Opportunities, the first two Beethoven films, Miracle on 34th Street, Maid in Manhattan, 101 Dalmatians, and Flubber.
John Hughes retired in 1994. He died of a heart attack on August 5, 2009, at the age of 59.
John Hughes, The Thing About Today

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Visual Studio Reports - Static table at end of report I'm trying to place a static table with static data at the end of a generated report but when i do it repeats the table rather than show it once.
How do i create a static table with some definitions at the end of a report. Idea being that tab 2 of an excel will be a list of contract definitions that never change.

A: Try setting the page break option on your final static table to "Start"
If that doesn't work:
Add a separate rectangle at the bottom (after all your tables).  Set the page break on the rectangle properties to "Start".  Add your static table inside the rectangle. (Cut table and paste while rectangle is selected to make sure it's in there).
This is assuming that it's not something data related in your "static" table that it causing it to repeat.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Can I have a COM interface in a service to be called from Windows Script Host? My goal is to create a COM interface in my Windows local service, written with C++/MFC, whose methods could be called from a Windows Script Host JScript code running under a logged in interactive user account.
For instance, if I have a test.js that can be started with credentials of a logged in user, that does the following:
var Obj = new ActiveXObject("myservice.somename");
var Result = Obj.MyMethod("some data");

and then have MyMethod function processed in my service & return a value.
I know it's a general concept. At this stage I'm curious if such is possible (from a Windows security stand-point, i.e. calling system service from a user process) and if so, if there's any sample code that I can use as a basis for this?
I'm assuming that it must be some COM interface, right? But usually those go into a DLL. I've never tried to put them in a service.
Thank you!

A: I'm posting it for my own future reference, in despite of the treatment I got in the comments to my original post. It would've saved me a day of search if someone pointed me to this article...
This CodeGuru article, "COM in plain C, Part 2" explains how to create a COM interface that can be called from the Windows Script Host. His IExample2 project shows how to create an in-proc DLL that hosts the COM interface that can be called from a VBScript included in the same project. Then regiexample2 and unregiexample2 projects also show how to register/unregister the COM interface. The VBScript can be easily adjusted to work with JScript in my OP.
One word of caution though, that project is intended to be used for installation on a 32-bit OS. For 64-bit OS, you will need to build and register a 64-bit version of the in-proc COM Dll. The registration part from a 32-bit process is similar to the one shown, except that one needs to include the KEY_WOW64_64KEY flag when opening/creating registry keys.


Written by Tullulah's on December 21, 2017 . Posted in Blog.
This holiday season come into Tullulah's Restaurant and Bar for brunch. There's no reason to wake up on a Saturday or Sunday morning and prepare an entire spread for friends and family this holiday season when you can simply stop by Tullulah's. Our brunch menu is filled with tasty treats your loved ones will absolutely enjoy.
This weekend drop by Tullulah's for brunch and try a bite of our avocado toast. This classic brunch option features grilled rustic bread, avocado, blistered cherry tomatoes, mozzarella, and home fries. If you're in the mood for something a little sweeter, our coffee cake french toast or apple spiced pancakes are a perfect choice. Or maybe a member of your family will love our chicken apple wrap or salad, which includes grilled chicken breast, apples, goat cheese, pickled red onion, and honey-thyme vinaigrette.
Our brunch menu here at Tullulah's Restaurant and Bar also has some scrumptious sides you might want to try. You can have our avocado toast as a side, a house salad, two eggs (any style), house-made Berkshire sausage, house smoked Berkshire pork belly, home fries, or hand cut fries.
Some other delicious brunch menu options we have are the simple egg sandwich with fried egg, tomato, greens, avocado, herb aioli, and a brioche bun, or our fried chicken sandwich with crispy fried boneless thigh, pickled vegetable, bibb lettuce, sriracha, aioli, and ciabatta bread. We even have mac n cheese, a black bean burger, and wild mushroom hash for you to try.
If any of these menu options are making your mouth water, you must stop into Tullulah's Restaurant and Bar for brunch this holiday season. Our brunch hours are from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Saturday and Sundays. If these hours work for you, come visit us at 12 4th Avenue in Bay Shore, New York, for a delicious brunch experience!


text:
£5m hardship scheme for farmers welcome
SDLP Councillors Dónal Cunningham and Catherine McCambridge haves welcomed news that the Executive has agreed a £5m hardship scheme for farmers hard hit during the cold weather crisis and said there can be no bureaucratic or undue delay in getting emergency cash payments to farmers.
Councillor Cunningham said: "It is good news that fallen livestock will be collected and disposed of free of charge. This will help lift the financial burden off farmers who have not only lost valuable income but will be out significant sums of money as they try to cope with this loss.
"The SDLP also welcomes news of an emergency hardship fund and we eagerly await details of that scheme. It is vital that emergency cash payments are made as soon as possible to those farmers in need. DARD officials cannot allow any bureaucratic or undue delay to tie assistance up".
"We would urge all affected farmers to make immediate contact with DARD for eligibility purposes and application forms. Should any farmer experience problems or delays with clarifications on eligibility or payment purposes, please do not hesitate to contact us so that representations can be made to DARD.
"Crucial to this experience is the need for the Assembly Executive to have an adequate emergency scheme in place which is capable of dealing with such unprecedented events. It is important that such a co-ordinated alleviation package swings into action immediately in the wake of extreme weather events. Communities including farmers need to be assured that the Executive has measures in place to work in partnership with local communities to provide humanitarian and farming aid – that is the lesson that must be learnt from this extreme weather event".
Tags: Glens of Antrim Snow, Snow
Categories : Agriculture, Glens of Antrim
If there's a will to help farmers there's a way
SDLP Councillor Dónal Cunningham has said bureaucracy and red tape should not stand in the way of giving immediate assistance to the hard pressed farmers in the Glens of Antrim who have suffered losses as a result of the from unprecedented weather related circumstances.
Councillor Cunningham continued: "It is now crucial that the Assembly Executive makes key decisions around some immediate cash payments to farmers to alleviate the current hardship many are experiencing particularly hill farmers in the Glens of Antrim.
"Bureaucracy and red tape should not be allowed to stand in the way of immediate help and assistance being given to farmers who are and have suffered losses and serious hardship as a result of the heavy snow fall. If there's a will in the Executive to help farmers, there's a way".
Tags: Snow
Airlift of supplies to residents of Torr and other isolated areas
Following a multi-agency "conference "call , Moyle Council Chief Executive Richard Lewis confirmed that families and residents living in the Torr area as well as other isolated areas are to receive food and essential supplies by helicopter tomorrow Tuesday 26th March . Basics such as bread and milk are being distributed to residents by air while a number of PSNI and Red Cross and private 4x4s are distributing packages to homes where there is vehicular access..
Tags: Isolated Families, Snow, Torr Road
Categories : Glens of Antrim


text:
Movements in Scottish Art
Sir William Quiller Orchardson
Master Baby
Master Baby, 1886, Sir William Quiller Orchardson Creative Commons - CC by NC
Art in Scotland cannot readily be defined with the aid of a series of identifiable and distinct movements, in the way that can be found elsewhere in art history, particularly within modern art of the twentieth century. It is possible, however, to identify clusters of artists within and across periods in Scottish art history, whose like-minded concerns or common style allow them to be usefully grouped together.
The schools of art education in Scotland, which developed in Edinburgh and Glasgow in the nineteenth century, provided the first centres of activity for the development of identifiable movements or groups in Scottish art. At Edinburgh's Trustees' Academy in the years around 1850, under the directorship of Robert Scott Lauder, the painters George Paul Chalmers, William McTaggart, John Pettie and William Quiller Orchardson showed a particular talent for colour and line combined with an inventive approach to subject-matter which marked them out as a distinct product of a newly flourishing Scottish scene.
Edward Arthur Walton A Daydream 1885
Sir James Guthrie A Hind's Daughter 1883
Later in the century a group of young artists influenced by the realist painting of continental artists such as Bastien-Lepage, began to exhibit in Glasgow in the 1880s works which made clear their concern for an art more in touch with everyday reality. E. A. Walton's A Daydream and James Guthrie's A Hind's Daughter typifies the Glasgow Boys (as they came to be known) preoccupation with painting ordinary life in an honest and unaffected manner. At the same time, a group of younger Glasgow-based artists, led by the designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh, developed their own response to the international Art Nouveau movement, producing symbolist paintings and applied art in the Glasgow Style.
F.C.B. Cadell Portrait of a Lady in Black 1921
Many of the Glasgow Boys had gone to France to study and work in the Paris studio system or in the rural artists' colonies. This and their subsequent success influenced four artists of the next generation, now known collectively as the Scottish Colourists. Samuel John Peploe, John Duncan Fergusson, Francis Campbell Boileau Cadell and George Leslie Hunter all went to France early in their careers. Peploe and Fergusson in particular spent extended periods in Paris in the years around 1910, producing brilliantly coloured expressionistic paintings which warrant their close association with the Fauve art of Matisse and Derain of the same time. By the 1920s Cadell and Hunter were painting in a similar vibrant manner, and the four's work was subsequently brought together in exhibitions. Although the Colourists' subject matter, predominantly still life and landscape, remained traditional, their progressive attitude places them at the forefront of modern Scottish painting.
The application of Modernism's colouring and abstraction to traditional subject matter prevailed in Scottish art for much of the first half of the twentiethth century. This was especially so in Edinburgh, where the intuitive painterly talents of William Gillies, John Maxwell, Anne Redpath and William MacTaggart gave rise to the so-called Edinburgh School.
Most recently, in the 1980s, the international revival of interest in ambitious figure painting found a centre in the prodigious talents of Steven Campbell, Stephen Conroy, Peter Howson, Ken Currie and Adrian Wiszniewski. Their close association with Glasgow School of Art, where all had been students, and their forceful imagery led them to be dubbed the New Glasgow Boys.
In addition, there are numerous figures in Scottish art whose broader interests variously attach them to international movements. The eighteenth century Lanark-born Gavin Hamilton's vast history paintings, produced in Rome, were celebrated during his lifetime as a principal expression of neo-classicism. In more recent times, the artist Stanley Cursiter flirted with Futurism in a series of paintings he produced in the early 1910s, while in the 1950s the Fife-born abstract painter William Gear became a member of the progressive and urbane CoBrA movement (which was centred on Copenhagen, Brussels and Amsterdam). Each is symptomatic that art in Scotland has not developed in isolation, but has contributed to and has benefitted from a wider artistic evolution.
Anne Redpath The Indian Rug (or Red Slippers) 1942. © the Artist's Estate / Bridgeman Art Library. All rights reserved.
Stanley Cursiter The Regatta 1913. © Estate of Stanley Cursiter 2015. All rights reserved, DACS
Related exhibition
Scottish Art 1670 — 1840
Admission free | Advance booking required
View exhibition details
The National Galleries of Scotland is responsible for the national collection of Scottish art, the most important of its kind in the world. Our definition of Scottish art is broad, and embraces artworks and artists with a varied range of associations with this country – from the artist's nationality to the subject of the work. In this collection, you can explore a selection of highlights from our collection of Scottish art.
Registered Address: National Galleries of Scotland, 73 Belford Road, Edinburgh, EH4 3DS National Galleries of Scotland is a charity registered in Scotland (No. SC003728)


United Nation's International Organization for Migration reported that 20,484 refugees from entered Europe this year by traveling via sea, according to data collected till mid-March. More than 80 percent of them came to Italy, followed by Greece and Spain. Both Italy and Greece are voicing their anger towards the European Union by saying that both of these countries have reached saturation limit and cannot take any more refugees.
Greek Migration minister said that Greece is already sheltering about 60,000 refugees and it would be a mistake to make Greece's burden heavier using the Dublin agreement. The Dublin agreement states that refugees can be set back to the first country they had set their foot on in Europe. Italy, which has taken in 500,000 refugees since 2014, says that it cannot take any more refugees. It warns that, if the European government fails to control the influx of migrant boats then the country could be overrun by tens of thousands of new African refugees.
Several Eastern European countries including the Czech Republic have also expressed their displeasure with the European refugee scheme and refuse to take in refugees other than Christians.
The fallouts from the refugee crisis are far from over and it continues to strain the relations between different countries in the European Union.


Cooking stores and bed bath and beyond type stores. Sell a bottle thats made for spraying oil. Its called a oil mister its about $10. Frugal living on about.com rated it as one of their favorite frugal kitchen gadgets. I have one and love it!
Thats a great idea, I also when I get a drink carrier I use it to hold my avocados and other fruits and veggies that can become easly brused.
I also reuse gift bags and stuff them with tissue paper I get after buying things from clothing stores or from other gifts. My daughter said to me one time. Wont they know that paper is from that store? Yeah but it looks nice and we recycled.
I use a spray bottle full of murphy's wood soap and a my swiffer wet jet. The swiffer refill cleaner is to expensive and doesn't last very long. Murphy's wood soap works great on all kinds of floors and furniture.
We store ours in a milk jug. Just cut the top enough to fit your hand. Then we put them in the back seat of our car.
This yr our kids are reusing backpacks and lunch pails. We also had them search their rooms for any pencils,crayons etc.. and we put them in an empty baby-wipes container. So they can use them for homework.
Check your local 99c only stores. Ours has bunches bannanas, bags of carrots and potatoes and a lot of time organic romane lettuce. There is nothing wrong with them. Best of all they are only 99c!


text:
\section{Introduction}

Plasma turbulence is ubiquitous in a wide range of space and
astrophysical environments, playing a fundamental role in transferring
energy from the large scales at which the turbulence is driven to the
small scales at which the turbulence is dissipated. Developing a
detailed understanding of plasma turbulence is one of the key goals of
the space physics and astrophysics communities.

One of the central tenets of plasma turbulence is the concept of
critical balance. Critical balance is the supposition that the time
scale associated with linear fluctuations of Alfv\'{e}n waves, $\omega
= k_\parallel v_A$, is of the same order of magnitude as time scale
associated with the nonlinear cascade of energy, $\omega_{nl} \simeq
k_\perp v_\perp$, where $v_{A}$ is the \Alfven speed, $v_\perp$ is
the perpendicular fluctuation velocity, and parallel and perpendicular
are defined with respect to the direction of the local mean magnetic
field \cite{Goldreich:1995,Goldreich:1997,Maron:2001}.  Critical
balance leads to the prediction of an anisotropic cascade of energy in
wavevector space, where magnetic energy cascades at different rates
parallel and perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field.

Although the original predictions of critical balance pertain only to
a cascade of Alfv\'{e}n waves in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) limit
of the inertial range, the theory can be extended to scales smaller
than the ion gyroradius, at which wave-particle damping and collisions
become important
\cite{Cho:2004,Galtier:2006,Howes:2008b,Schekochihin:2009}. The latter region
is often referred to as the \emph{dissipation range} of plasma
turbulence, where it is proposed that the cascade of Alfv\'{e}n waves
transitions to a cascade of kinetic Alfv\'{e}n waves (KAW)
\cite{Howes:2008a,Howes:2008b,Schekochihin:2009}.

The anisotropic scaling of the magnetic field energy has been observed
in the inertial range portion of the solar wind through the use of
wavelets or second-order structure functions to discern the local mean
magnetic field direction, e.g.,
\cite{Horbury:2008,Podesta:2009a,Chen:2010,Wicks:2010a,Luo:2010}.
\citet{Horbury:2008} demonstrated that critical balance fits the solar
wind observations well in the directions parallel and perpendicular to
the local mean magnetic field, and \citet{Forman:2011} went further,
demonstrating that solar wind observations follow the predictions of
critical balance for all angles between parallel and perpendicular.

Critical balance and its physical consequences have also been tested
and verified in many numerical turbulence simulations. It has been
tested extensively in MHD simulations, e.g.,
\cite{Cho:2000,Maron:2001,Cho:2002,Cho:2003,Oughton:2004}, and at
smaller, dissipation range scales in electron MHD (EMHD) simulations,
e.g., \cite{Cho:2004,Cho:2009}. However, all of the previous studies
have been performed with fluid codes that cannot capture wave-particle
interactions nor accurately model collisional effects, both of which
play important roles in dissipating turbulence at scales below the ion
gyroradius.

To evaluate whether critical balance persists in the dissipation
range, we consider here a detailed study of a numerical simulation of
dissipation scale turbulence performed using AstroGK, the
Astrophysical Gyrokinetics Code, developed to study kinetic turbulence
in astrophysical environments. Rather than examining the energy
distribution in wavenumber space, we  perform our analysis in the
frequency domain to obviate some of the difficulties inherent in
performing a local analysis of turbulence, which are discussed in \S
\ref{sec:disc}. The frequency is used as a proxy for the
parallel wavenumber to determine whether or not an anisotropic
cascade, consistent with that predicted for critically balanced
kinetic \Alfven wave turbulence, exists in the dissipation range. An
Eulerian frequency analysis of the AstroGK simulation will also be
compared to a similar study by \citet{Dmitruk:2009} performed using a
MHD simulation.

\section{Simulation Parameters}\label{sec:sim}

A detailed description of AstroGK and the results of linear and
nonlinear benchmarks are presented in \citet{Numata:2010}, so we
provide here only a brief overview.

AstroGK is an Eulerian slab code with triply periodic boundary
conditions that solves the electromagnetic gyroaveraged Vlasov-Maxwell
five dimensional system of equations. It solves the gyrokinetic
equation and gyroaveraged Maxwell's equations for the perturbed
gyroaveraged distribution function, $h_s(x,y,z,\lambda,\epsilon)$, for
each species $s$ (protons and electrons), the parallel vector
potential, $A_z$, and perturbed parallel magnetic field, $\delta B_z$,
and the scalar potential, $\phi$ \cite{Frieman:1982,Howes:2006}. The
simulation domain is elongated along the direction of the equilibrium
magnetic field $\mathbf{B}_0=B_0\hat{\bz}$.  Velocity space
coordinates are related to the energy, $\epsilon = v^2/2$, and pitch
angle, $\lambda = v_\perp^2 / v^2$. The equilibrium distribution for
both species is treated as Maxwellian, and a realistic mass ratio,
$m_p / m_e = 1836$, is used. The $x-y$~plane is treated
pseduospectrally, and an upwinded finite-differencing approach is
employed for the $z$-direction. Velocity space is evaluated following
Gaussian quadrature rules. Linear terms are evolved implicitly in
time, while nonlinear terms are evolved explicitly by a third-order
Adams-Bashforth method. Collisions are treated using a fully
conservative, linearized, and gyroaveraged collision operator
\cite{Abel:2008,Barnes:2009}.

To represent average solar wind conditions observed at $\simeq 1$~AU,
we choose plasma parameters $\beta_{i} = 1$ and $T_{i} = T_{e}$, where
$\beta_{i} = v_{ti}^{2} / v_{A}^{2}$, $v_A = B_{0} / \sqrt{4\pi n_{0i}
m_{i}}$, and $v_{ti} = \sqrt{2 T_{i} / m_{i}}$ is the ion thermal
speed. We output the electromagnetic field information at fixed time
intervals. Since this diagnostic is data intensive, we choose to
perform the simulation on a numerical grid smaller than the largest
simulations performed with AstroGK
\cite{Howes:2011b}. Specifically, we use a numerical grid of $(n_{x},
n_{y}, n_{z}, n_{\epsilon}, n_{\lambda}, n_{s}) =$
$(32,32,64,16,16,2)$, where $n_{\epsilon}$, $n_{\lambda}$, and $n_{s}$
are the number of grid points in energy, pitch angle, and species
respectively. The spatial extent of the domain is $(L_{x}, L_{y},
L_{z}) = 2 \pi (\rho_{i}, \rho_{i}, a_{0})$, where $\rho_{i} = v_{ti}
/ \Omega_{i}$ is the ion gyroradius, $\Omega_i = e B_0 / m_i c $ is
the ion gyrofrequency, and $a_{0}$ determines the domain elongation
and is chosen by assuming a critically balanced Alfv\'enic inertial
range: $\delta = \rho_{i} / a_{0} = ({k}_{i} \rho_i)^{1/3} ({k}_{\perp
0}\rho_i)^{2/3}$, where $k_{i}$ is the wavenumber corresponding to the
outer scale of the turbulent cascade (much larger than our simulation
domain) at which the turbulent system we are modelling is physically
driven, and $k_{\perp0}$ is the perpendicular wavenumber corresponding
to the simulation domain size, the largest resolved length scale in
the simulation (sub-script $0$ is used throughout to indicate
domain-scale quantities). Based on in situ measurements, we choose ${k}_{i}
\rho_i = 10^{-4}$ for the solar wind at $1$~AU
\cite{Howes:2008b}. Assuming this value for $k_{i}$ implies $\delta
\simeq 1/20$, yielding a simulation domain with the $z-$direction
elongated by a factor of $1 / \delta=20$.

Normalization of the time $\hat{t}=t/\tau_t$ and frequency
$\hat{\omega}=\omega \tau_t$ uses the parallel thermal time, $\tau_{t}
= a_{0}/v_{ti} = a_{0} / (v_{A} \sqrt{\beta_{i}})$, where $\beta_{i} =
1$.  The normalized linear kinetic \Alfven wave frequency at the
largest scale of our simulation is $\hat{\omega}_0 = 1.1366$,
determined from a linear gyrokinetic dispersion relation solver
\cite{Howes:2006}. The corresponding normalized domain-scale time is given by
\begin{equation}
\hat{\tau}_{0} = \frac{2\pi}{\hat{\omega}_{0}} \simeq 5.53,
\end{equation}
Electromagnetic field data is output every $\Delta t=0.02 \tau_{t}$,
resulting in a Nyquist frequency of $\hat{\omega}_{Nq} \sim 160$.

We drive our simulation with an oscillating Langevin antenna driving
the parallel vector potential. Details regarding the driving antenna
are provided in TenBarge et al. (2011) \cite{TenBarge:2011b}, so here
we specify only the antenna parameters. We drive the largest four
independent modes of our simulation domain, $(k_{x}, {k}_{y}, {k}_{z}
/ \delta) \rho_i = (\pm1,0,\pm1)$ and $(0,\pm1,\pm1)$, with a
frequency $\omega_{a} \simeq \omega_{0}$ and decorrelation rate
$\gamma_{a} \simeq 0.7 \omega_{0}$. The antenna amplitude, $A_{\parallel 0}$, is
chosen to satisfy critical balance at the domain-scale,
\begin{equation}
A_{\parallel 0} = \frac{\omega_{0} \sqrt{4 \pi n_{0i} m_{i}}}{k_{\perp}^{2} C_{2}
\overline{\omega}},
\end{equation}
where $C_{2} \simeq 1$ is a Kolmogorov constant and an analytical
estimate of the linear \Alfven/kinetic \Alfven wave frequency normalized
to $k_\parallel v_A$ is given by
\begin{equation}\label{eq:disprel}
\overline{\omega} = \frac{\omega}{k_\parallel v_A} = \sqrt{1+\frac{(k_\perp \rho_i)^2}{\beta_i +  2/(1 + T_e/T_i)}}.
\end{equation}

Plots of the perpendicular magnetic energy spectrum at the beginning
(red) and end (solid black) of the analysis included herein can be
found in Figure \ref{fig:perp_spec2}. The analysis begins after the
cascade has become well-developed, which corresponds to $t = 0.87
\tau_0$, and the analysis ends at $t = 7.44 \tau_0$. The vertical
dotted line at $k_\perp \rho_i = 10$ corresponds to the maximum fully
resolved perpendicular mode of the simulation. Beyond that point,
hypercollisionality acts to remove energy from the system and steepens
the spectrum. Due to the hypercollisionality, the domain of validity
is limited to $k_\perp \rho_i \lesssim 8$. The saturated spectra have
a spectral index $\sim -2.8$. This spectral index agrees with larger
scale numerical simulations with the same plasma parameters
\cite{Howes:2011b}. This demonstrates that, although the dynamic range
of the simulation under consideration is rather limited, the overall
behaviour is consistent with a larger scale simulation.

\begin{figure}[top]
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{freq_perp_spec2}
      \caption{(Color online) Perpendicular magnetic energy spectra at the beginning (red) and end (solid black) of the frequency analysis compared to a larger, higher resolution simulation with similar plasma parameters (blue). The dashed line corresponds to a spectral slope of $-2.8$, and the vertical dotted line corresponds to the maximum fully resolved perpendicular scale.}\label{fig:perp_spec2}
\end{figure}

\section{Critical Balance Theory}\label{sec:cbt}

The strength of turbulence can be characterized by the ratio of the
nonlinear cascade rate or perpendicular eddy turn-around time,
$\omega_{nl} \simeq k_{\perp} v_{\perp}$, to the linear frequency,
\begin{equation}
\chi = \frac{\omega_{nl}}{\omega} = \frac{k_{\perp} v_{\perp}}{k_{\parallel} v_A}.
\end{equation}
When $\chi \ll 1$, the turbulent fluctuations exist for several
turn-around times at a given scale before their energy is cascaded to
smaller scales---many wave-wave ``collisions'' are required to cascade
their energy \cite{Iroshnikov:1963,Kraichnan:1965}.
This situation, known as weak turbulence \cite{Sridhar:1994}, generates a
cascade of energy in only the perpendicular direction
\cite{Montgomery:1981,Shebalin:1983}. Therefore, $\chi$ grows
with increasing perpendicular wavenumber, strengthening the nonlinear
interactions. Once $\chi \simeq 1$, the timescales of the
nonlinear and linear processes become equal, and the turbulence is
said to be critically balanced
\cite{Goldreich:1995,Goldreich:1997}.

It is interesting to consider also the over-strong case, $\chi \gg
1$. In this case, the nonlinear frequency is larger than the linear
frequency, so two interacting Alfv\'{e}n wave packets can undergo
multiple cascades to smaller scales in a single linear crossing
time. Therefore, the Alfv\'{e}n wave packets are expected to be rapidly
cascaded in the parallel direction until they restore the condition of
critical balance, $\chi \simeq 1$. Note that fluctuations with
$k_\parallel
\simeq 0$, and therefore with $\omega \simeq 0$, are naturally
generated by three-wave interactions of the \Alfvenic turbulence
\cite{Montgomery:1981,Goldreich:1995}. This
regime of over-strong turbulence is dominated by uncorrelated
fluctuations, because fluctuations of scale $k_{\perp}$ are
decorrelated over parallel distances greater then $k_{\parallel}\chi$. Thus, the energy in this over-strong region
of wavenumber space is expected to be roughly constant, as observed in
simulations of MHD turbulence \cite{Maron:2001}.

The assumptions of critical balance and constant energy cascade rate lead to a predicted wavenumber anisotropy scaling of
\begin{equation}
k_\parallel \propto
\begin{cases}
 k_{\perp}^{2/3},&{k}_\perp \rho_i\ll 1\\
 k_{\perp}^{1/3}, &{k}_\perp \rho_i\gg 1,
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
which can be combined into a single equation of the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:kparkperp}
{k}_\parallel \rho_i= (k_{i}\rho_i)^{1/3} \frac{({k}_\perp\rho_i)^{2/3} + ({k}_\perp\rho_i)^{\xi + 2}}{1 + ({k}_\perp\rho_i)^{2}},
\end{equation}
where $\xi = 1/3$ gives the standard dissipation range scaling derived
from fluid theories assuming critical balance holds in the dissipation
range \cite{Galtier:2006,Howes:2008b,Schekochihin:2009}. The form of Equation~\eqref{eq:kparkperp} has been chosen so that the asymptotic limits are continuously connected and it is well-behaved in its domain. Note that substituting
Equation~\eqref{eq:kparkperp} into Equation~\eqref{eq:disprel} yields the
linear Alfv\'{e}n/KAW frequency $\omega$ in terms of only $k_\perp$.

A schematic diagram depicting the expected population of  energy in
critically balanced \Alfvenic turbulence in terms of $\omega$ and $k_{\perp}$ is
presented in Figure \ref{fig:crit_bal}. The dispersion relation
defines the critical balance boundary in the $k_{\perp}$-$\omega$ plane
and corresponds to the solid line in Figure
\ref{fig:crit_bal}. Critical balance suggests the turbulent energy
will fill the region below the critical balance boundary (shaded), as seen in
inertial range MHD simulations of turbulence, e.g.,
\cite{Cho:2000,Maron:2001,Cho:2002,Cho:2003,Oughton:2004}, and in
dissipation range electron MHD simulations, e.g.,
\cite{Cho:2004,Cho:2009}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{critical_balance_freq}
\end{center}
      \caption{Schematic diagram depicting the population of energy in the $k_{\perp}$-$\omega$ plane assuming critical balance holds. The solid lines correspond to the critical balance boundary. The isotropic energy injection scale is ${k}_{i} \rho_i = 10^{-4}$.}\label{fig:crit_bal}
\end{figure}

To obtain a more realistic prediction of critical balance, we construct a
physical model of the expected energy distribution. Previous models of
critical balance, e.g., \cite{Goldreich:1995,Maron:2001}, assume a
form for the energy distribution in $k_\perp$-$k_{\parallel}$ space of
$E(k_{\parallel},k_{\perp}) \sim k_{\perp}^{-10/3} f(k_{\parallel}
L^{1/3}/k_{\perp}^{2/3})$, where $f(|u|) \simeq 1$ for $u \le 1$ and
is negligibly small for $u \gg 1$.

We assume a similar functional form in $k_\perp$-$\omega$ space,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:modelenergy}
\lefteqn{E(\omega,k_{\perp})=} & &  \nonumber \\
& &E_{0} \frac{({k}_\perp\rho_i)^{-\gamma - 2/3} + ({k}_\perp\rho_i)^{-\epsilon + 0.8}}{1 + ({k}_\perp\rho_i)^{2}} \frac{1}{1+\left(\hat{\omega}/\hat{\omega}_{cb}\right)^{8}},
\end{eqnarray}
where $E_{0}$ is an overall energy normalization, $\gamma$ and
$\epsilon$ are the desired inertial and dissipation range energy
scalings, and $\hat{\omega}_{cb} = k_\parallel^2 a_0 \bar{\omega} /
\sqrt{\beta_i}$. The functional form for the $k_\perp$ portion of
Equation~\eqref{eq:modelenergy} is chosen empirically so that the
frequency integrated energy reduces to a one-dimensional perpendicular
energy spectrum that scales as $E_{B_{\perp}}(k_{\perp}) = \int
E(\omega,k_{\perp})\,d\omega\ \propto k_{\perp}^{-\gamma}$ in the
inertial range and $k_\perp^{-\epsilon}$ in the dissipation range. We
take $\gamma = 5/3$ and $\epsilon = 2.8$, consistent with the
dissipation range solar wind \cite{Alexandrova:2009} and large scale kinetic
numerical simulations \cite{Howes:2011b}. The functional form of the
frequency has been chosen to have a flat energy spectrum up to $\sim
\omega_{cb}$ followed by an $8$-th order roll-off at higher
frequencies.

The logarithm of Equation ~\eqref{eq:modelenergy} is plotted in Figure
\ref{fig:cbtheory}. Over plotted in Figure \ref{fig:cbtheory} is the
linear frequency, which corresponds to the critical balance
boundary. To make the boundary more clear, normalizing the energy at
each $k_{\perp}$ by the zero frequency energy,
$E(\omega,k_{\perp})/E(0,k_{\perp})$, yields Figure
\ref{fig:cbtheoryL}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
	\subfloat[]{\label{fig:cbtheory}\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{theory_contour}}
 	\subfloat[]{\label{fig:cbtheoryL}\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{theory_contourL}}
\end{center}

  \caption{(Color online) (a) $\log{\left[E_{B_\perp}(\omega,k_\perp)\right]}$ and (b) $E_{B_\perp}(\omega,k_\perp) / E_{B_{\perp}}(0,k_\perp)$, both computed based upon theoretical expectations. The white curve in both panels corresponds to the linear dispersion relation of kinetic Alfv\'{e}n waves with $\xi = 1/3$.}
\end{figure*}

Since we have now constructed a more realistic numerical model of the
critical balance energy distribution, given by
Equation~\eqref{eq:modelenergy}, we can examine the fraction of the
turbulent energy falling below the critical balance boundary (in
frequency) relative to the total energy at each $k_{\perp}$,
\begin{equation}
\frac{E}{E_{tot}} = \frac{\int_{\omega<\omega_{cb}} E(\omega,k_{\perp})\,d\omega\ }{\int E(\omega,k_{\perp})\,d\omega\ }.
\end{equation}
This fraction is plotted as the solid line in Figure \ref{fig:cbtheoryfraction}. Up to the point where finite box size limitations become important, $\simeq 90\%$ of the energy lies below the critical balance boundary.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{energy_fractiont}
\end{center}
      \caption{The fraction of energy beneath the critical balance boundary at each $k_{\perp}$. The solid line is based upon theoretical considerations of critical balance, while the other three curves are calculated from the AstroGK simulation with different values of $\xi$.}\label{fig:cbtheoryfraction}
\end{figure}

\section{Critical Balance Simulation}\label{sec:cbs}
We may now compare the energy distribution in $k_{\perp}$-$\omega$
space from the theoretical model for critical balance, given by
Equation~\eqref{eq:modelenergy}, with that determined through
frequency analysis of our kinetic \Alfven wave turbulence simulation
using AstroGK.

In Figure \ref{fig:contour} is plotted the logarithm of the
perpendicular magnetic energy. The figure was constructed by
integrating the 3D AstroGK data in $k_z$ and annular sections in the
$k_x$-$k_y$ plane. The over-plotted curves (black) correspond to
critical balance with $\xi$ in Equation ~\eqref{eq:kparkperp} set to
$0$ (dashed), $1/3$ (solid), and $1$ (dot-dashed), where $\xi = 1/3$
is the conventional prediction for critically balanced kinetic \Alfven
wave turbulence in the dissipation range.

Below the $\xi = 1/3$ (solid black) critical balance boundary in
Figure \ref{fig:contour}, we find excellent qualitative agreement
with the theoretical prediction represented in Figure
\ref{fig:cbtheory}. Although the agreement is slightly poorer above
this boundary, the fraction of the energy in this region is very
small. The energy fraction falling below each of the curves in Figure
\ref{fig:contour} is plotted in Figure \ref{fig:cbtheoryfraction}. The
upward trend beginning at $k_\perp \rho_i \simeq 8$ is due to
hypercollisionality and finite box size limitations, and the poor
agreement at small $k_\perp$ is due to the effect of driving. Away
from these limiting values, the difference between the theory and the
simulation for $\xi = 1/3$ is within approximately $10\%$.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
	\subfloat[]{\label{fig:contour}\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{freq_beta1_diss_contourf}}
 	\subfloat[]{\label{fig:contourL}\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{freq_beta1_diss_contourL}}
\end{center}

  \caption{(Color online) (a) $\log{\left[E_{B_\perp}(\omega,k_\perp)\right]}$ and (b) $E_{B_\perp}(\omega,k_\perp) / E_{B_{\perp}}(0,k_\perp)$ from the AstroGK simulation. The curves correspond to critical balance with $\xi = 0, 1/3,$ and $1$ in ascending order.}
\end{figure*}

In Figure \ref{fig:contourL} is plotted the perpendicular magnetic
energy at each $k_\perp$ normalized to the zero frequency energy,
$E_{B_\perp}(\omega,k_\perp) / E_{B_{\perp}}(0,k_\perp)$. The figure
was constructed in the same manner as Figure \ref{fig:contour}, and
the curves (white) correspond to the same values of $\xi$. As
demonstrated with the theoretical model, plotting the energy
distribution in $\omega$-$k_{\perp}$ space normalized in this fashion
highlights the critical balance boundary, which closely follows the
standard dissipation range prediction of $\xi = 1/3$ (solid
white). Again, the qualitative agreement with the prediction of
critical balance is excellent. The non-smooth distribution of energy
below the critical balance line in Figure
\ref{fig:contourL} is primarily due to the discrete nature of this
moderate resolution simulation.

Another method of visualizing the perpendicular magnetic energy
distribution is to perform cuts along $\hat{\omega}$ at fixed
$k_\perp$, as presented in Figure \ref{fig:cutoff}. Since the energy is
plotted linearly, the area under each curve corresponds to the
turbulent energy. Each panel of the figure represents a different
$k_\perp$ slice, and the vertical dashed lines indicate the $\xi =
1/3$ critical balance boundary. Panel a is influenced by the driving
at $k_\perp \rho_i=1$, but it still displays similar qualitative
behaviour to cuts at higher $k_\perp \rho_i$. The general trend can be
seen to be an approximately flat energy distribution up to a frequency
somewhat less than the critical balance boundary, followed by a steep
roll-off. The majority of the energy in all cases is contained within
the critical balance boundary. This plot makes clear an important
characteristic of the turbulence: no energy significantly in excess of
that predicted by the critical balance model is seen either at
$\hat{\omega} = 0$ or at frequencies above critical balance.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{crit_cutoffLn}
\end{center}
      \caption{Perpendicular magnetic energy normalized to the zero
      frequency energy at each $k_\perp$ versus frequency at fixed
      $k_\perp$. The vertical lines represent the $\xi = 1/3$ critical
      balance boundary. Panels a) - e) step through $k_\perp$ bins.
      }\label{fig:cutoff}
\end{figure}

\section{Eulerian Frequency Analysis}\label{sec:eul}

Eulerian frequency spectra are constructed by placing an array of
``probes" across a single spatial $x$-$y$ plane in the middle of the
simulation domain. We use an array of $64 \times 64$ probes across
the plane to record a time series of the fluctuating magnetic field
components. A schematic of the probe distribution can be seen in
Figure \ref{fig:eulbx}.

\begin{figure}[h]
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{eulerian_bx}
      \caption{(Color online) $E_{B_x}$ at a single $z$ plane in the middle
      of the simulation domain. Overlaid are the positions of the
      ``probes" used to record temporal
      fluctuations.}\label{fig:eulbx}
\end{figure}

The evolution in time of the three magnetic field components at a
single probe location over the same time interval used for the
preceding critical balance study are illustrated in the upper panel of
Figure \ref{fig:eult}. For illustrative purposes, over-plotted in the figure
is $\cos{(t/\tau_{0} + 0.5)}$. Clearly, the $B_x$ (blue) component is
dominated by $\hat{\omega} \simeq 1$ fluctuations, which corresponds
to the driving frequency and the lowest linear mode of the system.

In the lower panel of Figure \ref{fig:eult} are plotted the Fourier
response of the three magnetic field components averaged over the full
probe array. All three magnetic field components are dominated by
spectral peaks at $\hat{\omega} \simeq 0$ and $\pm 1$, with a clear
band-gap between the values. As noted above, $\hat{\omega} \simeq
\pm 1$ corresponds to the driving frequency and the lowest linear mode of
the system. As such, this spectral component should contain the most
power due to the driving, responsible for generating the forward
cascade of energy to higher frequencies. We conjecture that the peak
at $\hat{\omega} = 0$ exhibits significant energy because this mode is
responsible for nonlinear scattering in three-wave interactions of
turbulence and is self-consistently generated via the nonlinear
interaction \cite{Montgomery:1981,Sridhar:1994,Galtier:2003}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{eulerian_time}
\end{center}
      \caption{(Color online) In the upper panel is presented the temporal
      evolution at a single probe location of the three magnetic field
      components: $B_x$ (blue), $B_y$ (red), and $B_z$ (green). The
      dotted black line is $\cos{(t/\tau_{0} + 0.5)}$. In the lower panel
      are presented the Fourier responses of the three magnetic field
      components averaged over the full probe array. }\label{fig:eult}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig:euls} presents the Eulerian frequency spectrum of the
perpendicular magnetic energy averaged over all probes.  The vertical
dotted lines indicate the minimum and maximum linear frequencies for
the minimum and maximum resolved length scales in the simulation
domain, as given by Equation~\eqref{eq:disprel}. The frequency range
around $\hat{\omega} \simeq 1$ is dominated by the antenna driving, so
we fit from $\hat{\omega} = 2$ to $14.4$ to obtain a spectral index of
$\simeq -3.2$ for the Eulerian frequency spectrum.

Excluding the the driving dominated portion of the spectrum around
$\hat{\omega} \simeq 1$, the energy in the low frequency range below
$\hat{\omega}^{cb}_{min}$ is approximately constant, consistent with
the predictions of critical balance outlined in \S \ref{sec:cbt}. It
is important to note that very little energy resides in these low
frequency modes: the total integrated energy in the turbulence is the
area under a linear plot of the frequency spectrum, so this
low-frequency range corresponds to very little integrated area but is
exaggerated in the logarithmically plotted Figure~\ref{fig:euls}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{eulerian_spectra}
\end{center}
      \caption{The perpendicular magnetic energy spectrum as a
      function of frequency averaged over the full probe array. The
      dashed line corresponds to a spectral index of $-3.2$. The
      vertical dotted lines correspond to the expected minimum and
      maximum frequencies from linear theory.}\label{fig:euls}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}\label{sec:disc}

The model for critical balance constructed in \S \ref{sec:cbt} is
based upon the theoretical expectations for strong turbulence, the
foundation for which was established by \citet{Goldreich:1995}: our
model quantifies the qualitative arguments given therein and extends
the notion of critical balance into the dissipation range, permitting
arbitrary perpendicular wavevector scaling to agree with the results of
large-scale kinetic numerical simulations \cite{Howes:2011b} and solar
wind observations \cite{Alexandrova:2009} of the dissipation range.

The theoretical model of critical balance is compared to our numerical
simulations in \S \ref{sec:cbs}. Considering that the concept of
critical balance is based upon order of magnitude scaling arguments,
the agreement between theory and simulation presented in Figure
\ref{fig:contourL} is striking. It is important to note that the
nature of the energy input into our simulation domain generates
perpendicular magnetic energy fluctuations that resemble linear
Alfv\'{e}n/KAWs. The turbulent fluctuations, however, are only driven
at the smallest resolved wave numbers of our simulation domain, with
the frequency range of the driving energy centered at $\hat{\omega} =
\hat{\omega}_0$. Therefore, all of the energy at larger wave numbers and
frequencies away from $\hat{\omega}_0$ results from self-consistent,
nonlinear turbulent interactions.

The spectral anisotropy in fluid simulations is typically determined
via two-point, second-order structure function analyses, e.g.,
\cite{Cho:2000,Maron:2001,Cho:2004,Chen:2011a}. This approach allows
one to identify the wavevector parallel to the \emph{local} mean
magnetic field at a given scale. A standard Fourier analysis
provides only wavevectors parallel and perpendicular to the \emph{global}
mean magnetic field, i.e., $k_z$ and $k_R$, rather than $k_\parallel$
and $k_\perp$
\cite{Cho:2000,Maron:2001}. This effect is a consequence of the
inherent averaging of the Fourier transform. Turbulent fluctuations
relevant to solar wind turbulence in the dissipation range are
characterized by $\delta B_\perp / B_0 \ll 1$ and $k_\parallel /
k_\perp \ll 1$, so the Fourier transformed wavevector components are
given, to lowest order, by $k_R
\simeq k_\perp$ and $k_z \simeq \theta k_\perp$, where $\theta \simeq
\delta B_\perp / B_0$ \cite{Maron:2001}. Thus, a standard Fourier
approach to analyzing turbulent simulations is sensitive only to the
spectrum in $k_\perp$ and the amplitude of the fluctuating field, rather than $k_\parallel$ spectrum along the local mean magnetic
field.

The structure function approach works well in MHD inertial range
turbulence simulations and undamped dissipation range turbulence
simulations, wherein the spectral slope is relatively shallow.  The
perpendicular spectra in kinetic simulations of dissipation range
turbulence \cite{Howes:2011b} and in solar wind observations
\cite{Alexandrova:2009} have spectral indices around  $-2.8$, and the
parallel spectrum is expected to be steeper yet
\cite{Cho:2004,Schekochihin:2009,Chen:2010a}. Two-point, second-order
structure functions cannot recover spectral indices steeper than $-3$
\cite{Farge:2006},  and thus structure functions cannot be used to
analyze the parallel spectrum of our dissipation range simulations.

The analysis performed herein obviates the limitations of structure
function and spatial Fourier analyses by using the frequency $\omega$
as a proxy for $k_\parallel$. This approach is motivated by the fact
that the linear frequency for the \Alfven and kinetic \Alfven
wave is linearly proportional to parallel wavenumber, $\omega \propto
k_\parallel$.  This relation can be seen clearly by rewriting
Equation~\eqref{eq:disprel} in the form $\omega(k_\perp,k_\parallel)=
\overline{\omega}(k_\perp) k_\parallel v_A$. The observation of a
critical balance scaling in the turbulent energy distribution in
$k_{\perp}$-$\omega$ space for our kinetic simulation of dissipation
range turbulence implies that the spectral anisotropy observed in MHD
inertial range simulations
\cite{Cho:2000,Maron:2001,Cho:2002,Cho:2003} and electron MHD
dissipation range simulations \cite{Cho:2004,Cho:2009} persists even
in a turbulent kinetic plasma. Since the conventional critical balance
boundary given by $\xi = 1/3$ is a good fit to the turbulent energy
distribution from our simulation, we conclude that the turbulent
spectrum of kinetic \Alfven waves is well described by an anisotropic,
critically balanced energy distribution in wavevector space given by $0
<\xi \le 1/3$, even for a fully nonlinear and collisionlessly damped
kinetic simulation.

The results of \S \ref{sec:cbs}
 and \ref{sec:eul}
demonstrate that the theory of critical balance extends into the
dissipation range of turbulence. Since critical balance is
fundamentally a balancing of the linear and nonlinear processes in
plasma turbulence, our results suggest that linear wave theory plays
an important role, even in a strongly nonlinear turbulent plasma.

\citet{Dmitruk:2009} (DM) performed a similar Eulerian frequency
analysis of driven MHD turbulence, but their conclusions about the
nature of the turbulence differ dramatically from our findings.  In
particular, they claim to find an excess accumulation of energy
extending from their lowest linear mode to zero frequency and a very
steep spectrum above their lowest linear mode. They conclude that
linear waves play little role in MHD plasma turbulence. We believe
the conclusions of DM are significantly biased by the set-up of their
numerical simulations, for  a number of reasons detailed below.

First, DM drive their simulations isotropically (with $k_\perp\sim
k_\parallel$ for the driven modes) with a fixed amplitude, yielding a
turbulent fluctuation amplitude $\delta B \sim 1$, for a range of
values of the mean field strength $B_0=0,1,2,8,16$. The nonlinearity
parameter for Alfv\'{e}nic turbulence may be expressed as $\chi =
k_\perp \delta B / k_\parallel B_0$, so the \emph{only} case that
yields strong MHD turbulence with $\chi \sim 1$ is the $B_0=1$ case;
all other cases correspond to simulations of weak turbulence, with
increasingly small nonlinearity parameters, $\chi =1/2,1/8,1/16$.
That the turbulence is indeed weak is supported by the very steep
spectral indices of their frequency spectra.

The nonlinear frequency in the weak turbulence
regime\cite{Maron:2001,Howes:2011c} is given by $\omega_{nl} \simeq \chi^2
k_\parallel v_A$ , which suggests that one may expect to see a signature in the
frequency spectrum corresponding to this very low nonlinear frequency,
as indeed observed by DM. In addition, DM report that their
simulations require ``tens of nonlinear times'' to reach a saturated
steady state, although they do not define what they mean by a
``nonlinear time.''  If nonlinear time is taken to mean the \Alfven crossing time, their result is consistent with the expectation that it
will take approximately one full nonlinear timescale, $\tau_{nl}
\simeq \tau_A / \chi^2$, or many \Alfven crossing times,
$\tau_A=2\pi/k_\parallel v_A$, to reach the steady state of the weak
turbulent cascade. Note that other simulations of driven, strong MHD
turbulence report the establishment of a steady state within one to a few
\Alfven times, as expected for $\chi \sim 1$ \cite{Biskamp:1999,Cho:2000,Cho:2004,Cho:2009,Perez:2010a}.
Therefore, we speculate that the excess energy at low frequency
observed in the weak turbulence simulations of DM may be attributed either to the response of the plasma at the low nonlinear frequency or
to the inclusion, in the interval used for the frequency analysis, of
the long transient evolution of the turbulence as it approaches a
steady state.

Second, in weak turbulence, the resonant matching conditions for the
nonlinear term in wavevector and frequency
\cite{Shebalin:1983,Sridhar:1994} for the dominant three wave interactions
\cite{Montgomery:1995,Ng:1996,Goldreich:1997,Galtier:2000,Galtier:2003}
imply a crucial role for modes with $k_\parallel=0$ in the nonlinear
transfer of energy.  According to the linear dispersion relation for
\Alfven waves, $\omega =\pm k_\parallel v_A$,
a fluctuation with $k_\parallel=0$ also has $\omega=0$. If such modes
are generated by the nonlinear interactions in the turbulence, this
could be another possible cause for an excess of energy in their frequency
spectra at $\omega\simeq 0$.

Third, DM report that the frequency spectrum of their driving has the
form $P(\omega)\sim 1/(\omega^2+\omega_c^2)$, with $\omega_c=3$ in
their dimensionless units. The antenna power therefore scales
$P\propto \omega^0$ for $\omega \ll \omega_c$ and $P\propto
\omega^{-2}$ for $\omega \gg \omega_c$. However, DM do not present
a plot of the frequency spectrum of their driving, making it difficult
to assess fairly the impact of the driving on the frequency spectra of
their turbulence simulations. Since the parallel energy spectrum of
strong MHD turbulence \cite{Howes:2011c} is predicted to scale as
$E(k_\parallel) \propto k_\parallel^{-2}$, the linear relationship
between the parallel wavenumber and frequency implies a frequency
spectrum $E(\omega) \propto \omega^{-2}$. In weak turbulence, the frequency spectrum would be steeper yet. Therefore, it is questionable whether one could observe
even the strong turbulent frequency spectrum in the presence of their
driving.

One may attempt to judge the impact of the driving by examining
Figure~8 in DM, a comparison of the frequency spectra from a driven
and an undriven simulation.  It is important to note that both are
weak turbulence simulations, so the contribution to the spectra due to
the nonlinear turbulent fluctuations should be similar. The driven
simulation shows a significantly larger signal over the frequency
range $0.4 \le \omega
\le 10$, suggesting that the driving has a significant, if not
dominant, effect on the frequency spectrum over this range. DM
attribute the broadband nature of the frequency spectra in their suite
of simulations, presented in their Figure~2, to the inherently
nonlinear nature of MHD turbulence. We suggest that a more careful
evaluation of the impact of their driving on the frequency spectrum is
required to establish the validity of their conclusion.

We believe the arguments outlined above raise serious questions about
the conclusions that DM reach regarding the nature of MHD turbulence,
in particular the claim that linear mode properties play little role
in the turbulent evolution. The concept of critical balance implicitly
assumes that linear wave modes do play a role in plasma
turbulence. The numerical evidence presented here for critical balance
in the kinetic \Alfven wave cascade of dissipation range
turbulence therefore indirectly supports the notion that linear wave
modes do indeed play a role in strong plasma turbulence.

\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conc}

We have developed a theoretical model for critically balanced Alfv\'{e}n/KAW turbulence and compared the results of a fully nonlinear, driven, gyrokinetic simulation to the theoretical prediction. We find excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with the predictions of critical balance in the dissipation range of KAW turbulence. This result constitutes the first evidence of critical balance to be observed in a damped and dissipative kinetic turbulence simulation.

Having found agreement with critical balance implies the anisotropic cascade of Alfv\'{e}n waves in the inertial range extends into the dissipation range, where the anisotropic scaling of KAW turbulence is observed to be approximately $k_\parallel \propto k_\perp^{\xi}$ with $0 < \xi \le 1/3$. The upper bound of this result agrees with theoretical predictions for the dissipation range scaling based upon fluid descriptions, and the damping present in our kinetic simulation is expected to strengthen the anisotropy \cite{Howes:2011c}.

The results of our Eulerian frequency analysis performed by temporally sampling the magnetic field data across a fixed $x$-$y$ plane provide further evidence of a critically balanced cascade of energy beginning at our driving frequency. Aside from the expected population of energy in the $\omega = 0$ mode, we find no evidence of excess energy either below the lowest or above the highest linear modes resolved in our simulation, in contradiction to \citet{Dmitruk:2009}.

Although the current analysis does not directly address the importance linear wave theory to plasma turbulence, agreement with critical balance implies linear wave modes play some role in governing turbulence. Forthcoming simulation analyses will explore the importance of linear wave modes in fully developed, strong plasma turbulence in more detail.

\begin{acknowledgements}

J.M.T.  and G.G.H. thank ISSI team 185 ``Dispersive cascade and
dissipation in collisionless space plasma turbulence---observations
and simulations.''  Support was provided by the International Space
Science Institute in Bern, NSF CAREER Award AGS-1054061, and NSF grant
PHY-10033446.

\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Pierre co-founded in 2008 Forward Business Ventures FBV, a private investment group with assets in innovative e-commerce and Fintech businesses, and acts as Principal, sourcing investment opportunities. Pierre has been actively involved in the Fintech ecosystem and found his true calling investing in and working with early stage internet startups.
In 2015 he left the traditional corporate assignments to pursue a wider portfolio career and focus more time at FBV to advise & mentor a selection of businesses on growth acceleration & geographical expansion.
Prior to this, Pierre spent 7 years in pre-, during or post- PE/VC-backed internet and technology-based SME or Start-Ups needing a growth acceleration or turnaround programme.
Pierre's initial 18-year career includes a series of senior roles at American Express, Barclays Bank and MarshMcLennan.
Pierre offers effective leadership, rapid results with a successful track record in driving business expansion, accelerating revenue growth and launching disruptive B2B & B2C, digital, SaaS & e-Commerce payment solutions; Pierre is fully versed in managing business portfolios of £25m to £140m revenues with 35 to 300+ FTE's and has 15 years Board experience / FCA-approved person in small /large, matrixed/vertically managed UK, US and French firms.


Playlist for 23 July 2014 | Where You Goin' With That Toothpick?
Mornin' all! Who can think of songs (REAL songs) that are shorter than 16 seconds?
How about "Aphrodite's Child" by Ofis?
Oops...I transposed that, sorry. Aphrodite's Child is the group and "Ofis" is their short song.
"You Suffer" is a song by the British grindcore band Napalm Death, from their debut album, Scum. The song has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the shortest recorded song ever. It is precisely 1.316 seconds long.
The Beatle's "Your Majesty" is 0:23, that's close. Also, at the end of Sgt. Pepper's, there is that looping "song" that is really short. "… never could be any other way"
Good Morning. Good morning everybody. Everybody everywhere. Good morning.
Sorry I got on a topic last week & wouldn't let it drop.
Now I'm thinking about how many takes the lady catching her bra & pistol must've taken.
@groucho - I hope you clicked its star, because it's gone now.
So this is where all those missing dogs pop up.
The Fingertips Sweet at the end of They Might Be Giants' Apollo 18 has about 17 songs that are under 16 seconds.
Weird Paul has a whole slew of very short songs. I just sent him a message. If he's awake, you'll get an earful.
"All of Us" from Metheny/Coleman's Song X is fifteen seconds.
It's 9 pm here in Beijing. Good night all!
Ugh, I meant "Suite", not "sweet". I messed up.
jeeeez. the 'peg isn't THAT bad.
"Star Trek probably isn't a documentary."
Super mellow this morning. Soooo relaxing.
ah I sent this ken this repeating cat gif!
"Her Magesty" clocks in at 23 secs.
I guess that rules out all the sound effects recordings as they're not real songs.
Ivor Cutler's 'I'm Happy' is pretty short.
if only pharrell's happy was equally as short.
Naked City's "Gob of Spit" is maybe 8 seconds.
Nope, it's 20 seconds, b/c the first 12 seconds is silence.
Is it cheating of you play a short song backwards and count it as unique? Or take a longer song and speed it way up?
What if we shrink the John Cage song to last only 16 secs? It would become the tiniest song with the largest atomic mass!
@F✩F✩ (: brilliant idea, a Readers Digest version. Who would have thought?
How long is the EAS announcement?
@KFHP: I give it a 1. No melody and you can't dance to it.
OK, then. Next, I submit the signal when you reach a non-working telephone number. It has a beginning, a middle and an end. One tone each.
What about commissioning a 16-seconds song to the Passionate and Objective Joker Fan? He's so prolific that I bet he could produce 10 songs in less than 16 seconds.
Perhaps you could batch download from SoundCloud and then use a Linux script or MS-DOS batch utility to sort by file size. That'd get you an approximation of duration from which you could proceed manually to find an appropriate ultra-short.
I got it: just search 15-sec. commercials, radio or TV. Gotta be lots of jingles & background songs there, then just a matter of fitting your other criteria.
Complication pic may have achieved perfection.
Did you know that the Napalm Death's 1 second song has a video?! Yes! It features a girl that just jumps, cries and then gets shot. Pretty obvious plot, don't you think? I mean, what other story can you fit under 2 seconds?
P.S. DIE GOLDEEEEEN ZITROOONEN + CHICKS ON SPEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEED!
Tuned in just in time to hear Udon! Awesome! Good day to all!
"baby shoes for sale, never worn".
@glenn:apocryphal Hemingway or the real deal? Any idea of the source?
Yeah I got Napalm Death but those are not real songs. They're just sonic blasts, which is cool but Im looking for real songs that re less than 15 seconds. Thanks to all the suggestions - I will check them all out after the show today.
There's always the Short Music for Short People compilation.
I remember an album by Curl Up and Die where the first 4-5 tracks were all 3-4 seconds each one word.. and I think it said something like "We are all dead" or something.. so the opening of the cd was 4-5 songs that repeated the same 3-4 seconds with one word screamed/growled over the chords.
Hey, @Ken and all! I know they're not proper songs, but Gerogerigegege made two EPs of 99 songs fit into 15 minutes each. Orthrelm also did something like this.
"My ordinary state of mind is very much like the waiting room at the DMV"
i agree with you on the "volume issue" ken.....soon it will be: "now that's what i call the wire tapper #105"
you suffer but why? why, ken, why?
Note: Sounds pathetic but this is actually a funny song and it is featured in the Scott Pilgrim vs The World movie.
Ken -- might there be some good short "songs" in the People Like Us archives/playlists?
I keep thinking of songs from when I was a kid.
And let out the stink"
They Might Be Giants are really good at this. Try the "Fingertips" songs from Apollo 18, and on their new one "Nanobots" there are a few, although "Decision Makers" clocks in at 16 seconds.
Check UbuRadio. It features tons of dada artists/musicians doing loads of crap music under 16 seconds.
The Soft Machine's A Concise British Alphabet - Part II is 12 seconds.
The name of track 6 on Gamel is " Gamel Kamasu"
Problem with OOIOO is that you can never know if she made that song on her own or she simply ripped-off note by note the work of some other unknown artist.
Ken, into the short song mix Arthur Lee's 'You Can Save Up to 50%, But You're Still a Long Ways from Home' from Vindicator. You could have a subsection of titles longer than songs.
@F✩F✩ (: why do you say that?
pecan coloured??? raw or roasted?
There are lots of short cuts on Dr. Nerve's, Beta 14 OK, but only a few have anything like lyrics.
some audio clips from his book..
somewhere out there there is a long compilation of all his best lines from his book. can't find at the moment..
Yesterday, I made an accidental mash-up of Brian McBride with the Old Codger ranting over the top. It was epic.
Just an example that I am aware of: She plagiarised Roberto De Simone's Secondo Coro delle Lavandaie opera song and never gave him credit for it.
Sorry to bug you guys. I'm trying to find a song from a show last week and I can't find it on any of the playlists. It was a young girl singing the entire Scientology space opera -- volcanos, nuclear bombs, evil galactic overlord and so on... Does anyone remember whose show that was on?
@tidaelene - did you try the search?
www.wfmu.org... "The Way That It Began" by The Fabulous Entrourage. 55 minutes, 52 seconds.
Timothy was a studio joke, bt it turned into a hit and then they had to make a band and tour with it.
Novelty songs are an extinct art form.
Do cannibals really eat body parts like corn-on-the-cob?
@anannon - I'd like to think they're still civilized and cook it proper and serve with wine and silverware.
I have been away for a few weeks, did anyone find the Jandek dollar ?
According the the puritan colonists, native americans would serve them a stew, leavened with human flesh. The "Black Eucharist" was the name of this dish.
Nice alibi, nate. Now...WHERE'S THE MONEY?!?!?
"Crever un cheval" is to work a horse to death. Not sure about this particular usage, though.
Jim Price played it. He found a one dollar bill.
This sounds like "payola" Ken, didn't Eliot Spitzer put an end to that during his time as Attorney General??!!
Jim Price for the Win!
Way to earn the 20 AND make it listenable..!
Gotta check that on archive.
What about the aftermath of that anecdote you said you were to told us about the band that did that cover of the Bohemian Rhapsody?
@Coelacanth: I remember reading an account of your "rediscovery" in 1938. Extinct, indeed!
Very entertaining gifs as usual.
The woman is hanging from the ceiling and the GIF is played backwards thus giving the impression that the bra and the gun falls into her.
If you don't take her hair movement into account there's NO flaw on my GIF logical analysis.
Cam somebody make me a "WFMU" out of the alphabet next to the Die Partei song?
Hiya, coel. All good, I hope.
βrian -Yes,i was lurking all along...much like i do now!
Never shoot a gun without wearing a bra, gals. Don't believe me? Ask my wife.
Corection: if you check the woman's hair you can see she is NOT upside down. She did the "bra catch" herself and the gun is a computer generated image.
Damn Bob, that was fast!
@Ken - I am pro retoucher.. I do photoshop alllllll day long. This took 1 min.
Sem! Good, but i must work soon.
Touch a pro once and you're a pro toucher. Touch a pro twice and you're a pro re-toucher?
Remove the bra from that GIF.
Did anyone catch Mary Wing's set of WL covers from last week? The lyrics get kind of heavy after three versions or so.
Ha. I just listened to Mary Wing's archive yesterday. She played this song for an hour. It was pretty heavy.
I will NOT not listen to that archive!
Oh, Ha! Just saw Roberto's post. I'm with you.
I'm sorry people to interrupt your animated conversation.
Definitely the most "out" choice for 3oaK ever!
Ken, where did you hear that Chris Denny lost his testicles in a "kitchen accident"? Notwithstanding, I really like his music. Thanks for playing it.
Wow, to the Mary Wing marathon.
Emmanuel - I think I giot that from his publicist? Not sure. I like his music too.
Sort of a coincidence: I once almost lost a testicle in a "kitten accident"
This song brings back memories of the Palladium.
"Turns out it's not funny at all when you fart in a space-suit."
Next Marathon Premium: Rubber horse masks?
In 2012 Dennis Diken with Bell Sound recorded a version or Love Grows for a fundraising album titled Super Hits of the Seventies for radio station WFMU.
You should phone the gulch ahead of time.. so they can prepare for tonight's train wreck.
How 'bout, Electronic Dream Phone ?
Where you goin' with that toothpick?
Hey where you goin' on that Duane train ?
Ken thanks with thanks Ken and thenks Kan!
Thank you, Ken! Exquisite choice of GIFs and gorgeous selection of music. Till next episode everybody!
I think "The Life Song" by Mason Williams would be perfect for your concept tonight. It's a little long for your purposes, 24 seconds I think, but it WOULD get funnier with repeated playing. The lyrics are: "Isn't life beautiful/Isn't life gay/Isn't life the perfect thing to pass the time away?" It's on "The Mason Williams Phonograph Record", I think.


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qLibc

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qlog.c File Reference

Rotating file logger object.
More...

Go to the source code of this file.

Functions

qlog_t * 	qlog (const char *filepathfmt, mode_t mode, int rotateinterval, int options)

 	Open ratating-log file.  More...

static bool 	write_ (qlog_t *log, const char *str)

 	qlog->write(): Log messages  More...

static bool 	writef (qlog_t *log, const char *format,...)

 	qlog->writef(): Log messages  More...

static bool 	duplicate (qlog_t *log, FILE *outfp, bool flush)

 	qlog->duplicate(): Duplicate log string into other stream  More...

static bool 	flush_ (qlog_t *log)

 	qlog->flush(): Flush buffered log  More...

static void 	free_ (qlog_t *log)

 	qlog->free(): Close ratating-log file & de-allocate resources  More...

Detailed Description

Rotating file logger object.

qlog implements a auto-rotating file logger.

// create a daily-rotating log file.

qlog_t *log = qlog("/tmp/dailylog-%Y%m%d.err", 0644, 86400, false);

if(log == NULL) return;

// screen out.

log->duplicate(log, stdout, true);

// write logs.

log->write(log, "Service started.");

log->writef(log, "Server Id: %d", 1);

// close and release resources.

log->free(log);

Definition in file qlog.c.

Function Documentation

          qlog_t* qlog
          (
          const char *
          filepathfmt,

          mode_t
          mode,

          int
          rotateinterval,

          int
          options

          )

Open ratating-log file.

Parameters

filepathfmt	filename format. formatting argument is same as strftime()

mode	new file mode. 0 for system default

rotateinterval	rotating interval seconds, set 0 to disable rotation

options	combination of options.

Returns

a pointer of qlog_t structure

Note

rotateinterval is not relative time. If you set it to 3600, log file will be rotated at every hour. And filenameformat is same as strftime(). So If you want to log with hourly rotating, filenameformat must be defined including hour format like "/somepath/xxx-%Y%m%d%H.log". You can set it to "/somepath/xxx-%H.log" for daily overrided log file.

Available options:

QLOG_OPT_THREADSAFE - make it thread-safe.

QLOG_OPT_FLUSH - flush out buffer everytime.

qlog_t *log = qlog("/tmp/qdecoder-%Y%m%d.err", 0644, 86400, QLOG_OPT_THREADSAFE);

log->free(log);

Definition at line 105 of file qlog.c.

          static bool write_
          (
          qlog_t *
          log,

          const char *
          str

          )

static

qlog->write(): Log messages

Parameters

log	a pointer of qlog_t

str	message string

Returns

true if successful, otherewise returns false

Definition at line 160 of file qlog.c.

          static bool writef
          (
          qlog_t *
          log,

          const char *
          format,

          ...

          )

static

qlog->writef(): Log messages

Parameters

log	a pointer of qlog_t

format	messages format

Returns

true if successful, otherewise returns false

Definition at line 199 of file qlog.c.

          static bool duplicate
          (
          qlog_t *
          log,

          FILE *
          outfp,

          bool
          flush

          )

static

qlog->duplicate(): Duplicate log string into other stream

Parameters

log	a pointer of qlog_t

fp	logging messages will be printed out into this stream. set NULL to disable.

flush	set to true if you want to flush everytime duplicating.

Returns

true if successful, otherewise returns false

log->duplicate(log, stdout, true); // enable console out with flushing

log->duplicate(log, stderr, false);    // enable console out

log->duplicate(log, NULL, false);  // disable console out (default)

Definition at line 230 of file qlog.c.

          static bool flush_
          (
          qlog_t *
          log	)

static

qlog->flush(): Flush buffered log

Parameters

log	a pointer of qlog_t

Returns

true if successful, otherewise returns false

Definition at line 249 of file qlog.c.

          static void free_
          (
          qlog_t *
          log	)

static

qlog->free(): Close ratating-log file & de-allocate resources

Parameters

log	a pointer of qlog_t

Definition at line 269 of file qlog.c.

extensions

qlog.c

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This time last year, I was deciding to watch all the Star Trek that exists, most of it for the first time. Watching an episode a day, it would've taken about two years. Well, I haven't watched anything like an episode a day, but I don't mind. I exchanged speed for depth, and spent a fantastic year with the original series, The Animated Series, the original-cast movies, and now starting The Next Generation. I've written almost a dozen posts on various Trek-related topics for Comparative Geeks, but as it's December, here are some reflections on my Trekkie year and the show so far.
Mainly, I'm impressed by Star Trek's ideas. There are episodes of the original series that I didn't like much as a child, so I didn't watch them very often, but they surprised me as an adult. "Errand of Mercy" used to seem like dithering, and now I love this image of pacifist aliens who intervene when they must. "Metamorphosis" was painfully boring, and still is, but there's a beautiful gay-rights message hidden inside it. "Is There in Truth No Beauty" seemed irritating, but now Miranda Jones is my role model. Those episodes, and many more, have philosophical conversations as their climaxes and defining moments, and that's just cool.
Of course, I think as fans we sometimes spend too much time defending Trek as intellectual. It is. But it's also a good time. It's funny, it's ridiculous, sometimes it doesn't make the slightest bit of sense, and that's one reason it can be so inspiring. Star Trek is a dream that we want to make a reality, but we don't have to always be deadpan about it, and that's awesome too.
This project has spread beyond just watching the episodes, and even beyond writing these blog posts, although I like to bring in as much as I can. I wrote a graduate-level paper on Star Trek props, later adapted into a post on miniskirts and one on computers. I went to conventions and met William Shatner for a couple of glorious seconds. (He wasn't even the highlight of my first Trek convention… The best part was putting on a uniform t-shirt and then walking into a room where everyone else was in uniform too. I've never felt so at home). I read novels, comics, and memoirs. I watched documentaries and followed actors to some very obscure roles. I had friends fill up my newsfeeds with Trek memes, articles, and merch advertisements, and I couldn't be happier about it. Star Trek is a wonderful place to live.
Looking ahead, well, I can't wait to finish TNG season one… and then there's Star Trek: Discovery next summer… Hopefully it'll be a good place to jump in if you don't have time to watch absolutely everything!


This advisor is meant for the prediction of shrinkage and creep in compression in hardened concrete. it can be assumed that predictions observe to concrete below rigidity and shear. It outlines the issues and boundaries in constructing prediction equations for shrinkage and compressive creep of hardened concrete. It additionally provides and compares the prediction features of 4 assorted numerical equipment. The types provided are legitimate for hardened concrete wet cured for no less than 1 day and loaded after curing or later. The types are meant for concretes with suggest compressive cylindrical strengths at 28 days inside quite a number at the very least 20 to 70 Mpa (3000 to 10,000 psi). This record is addressed to designers who desire to are expecting shrinkage and creep in concrete with out checking out. For buildings which are delicate to shrinkage and creep, the accuracy of anyone model's predictions could be greater and their appropriate diversity improved if the version is calibrated with try info of the particular concrete for use within the undertaking.
"Professor Michael B. McElroy leads a entire exam of power, together with its historical past, use on this planet at the present time, and environmental consequences"--Container.
This commonplace describes stainless steel, ring-type, slip-on flanges and blind flanges to be used along side stainless steel pipe utilized in water provider, together with fabrics, layout, manufacture, inspection, and checking out. the aim of this common is to supply minimal fabric standards and dimensions for quite a few chrome steel flanges for attachment to stainless steel piping platforms.
Libraries are consistently in danger. on a daily basis, many libraries and their collections are broken through fireplace, flooding, excessive winds, strength outages, and legal behaviour. each library wishes a plan to guard its employees, websites and collections, together with yours. catastrophe making plans for Libraries offers a realistic advisor to constructing a complete plan for any library.
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Q: How to play audio with MediaPlayer and use the MediaController I use below code to play audio:
    try {
        MediaController mc = new MediaController(this);

        MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
        mMediaPlayer.prepare();
        mMediaPlayer.start();
        mMediaPlayer.seekTo(0);

    }
    catch(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

How can show MediaController and to control mMediaPlayer?


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UEFA Europa League - Latest updates on UEFA Europa League
UEFA gets on the OTT craze with plan of new OTT service
Administrative body for association football in Europe, UEFA is working on developing its over the top service to place content and competitions outside of its flagship Europa League club and Champions League competitions. Guy-Laurent Epstein, Marketing Director of Football's European Governing Body quoted, "The OTT platform is not ready yet, but we are building our …
U.S sports streaming platform to be launched by Turner for broadcasting UEFA matches
Turner obtains exclusive multi-platform rights to UEFA Champions League & UEFA Europa League with 2018-19 season and is going to launch a new sports domestic premium video streaming platform in 2018 with UEFA matches as it's direct to consumer offering. Turner has also announced plans to launch new standalone premium sports streaming video service with …
sports streaming platform
sports streaming video service


The service accepts a list of locations and generates a map of the most efficient sequence and route for reaching all of them, either in a roundtrip returning to the starting place or one way with first and last stops designated. It helps delivery, transit, or other routing functions to reach required stops as efficiently as possible, avoiding unnecessary backtracking. API methods accept the route type (roundtrip or one way) and the starting and ending locations, specified as latitude and longitude, along with each of the stops that must be included. The service returns the locations specified listed in the optimal sequence.


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Airport Saltillo
Saltillo - Plan de Guadalupe International Airport is the second most important civilian airport in the north west Maxican state of Coahuila de Zaragoza behind Torreon airport. Monterrey is just 80 km or 50 miles from Saltillo and thereby much easier to reach than Torreon airport.
Time zone: GMT -6
Service telephone: +52 844 488 00-40
Address: Aeropuerto Internacional de Saltillo - Plan de Guadalupe, Carretera Saltillo-Monterrey km 13.5, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila - C.P. - 25900, Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Operating company: Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila
Parking: Yes; paid short and long-term parking.
Nearby cities: Saltillo (16 km), Santa Catarina (49 km), Garza García (55 km), Monterrey (63 km), General Escobedo (67 km), San Nicolás de los Garza (67 km), Guadalupe (70 km), Apodaca (77 km)
Directions by car: The airport is on the MEX-40, about 5 km or 3 miles north west of Saltillo.
Flight distribution on the days of the week: Monday (0.00%), Tuesday (0.00%), Wednesday (0.00%), Thursday (0.00%), Friday (0.00%), Saturday (0.00%), Sunday (0.00%)
Alternative spelling: Plan de Guadelupe International Airport, Saltiljo, Сальтильо, Салтилло, Салтильо, Сальтільо, Салтілло, ซัลตีโย, 살티요, サルティヨ, 萨尔蒂约, 薩爾蒂約, سالتيلو, سالتيو
The airport is about 15 km or 10 miles northwest of the capital Saltillo. The driveway is directly on the highway MEX-40 (Carretera Saltillo - Monterrey), just outside the town of Ramos Arizpe. For the onward journey please use a minibus (Colectivo), a taxi or rent a car.
25°32'58"N / 100°55'44"W
Altitude of runway:
Alternative airports:
Monterrey (MTY) 86 km
Torreon (TRC) 248 km
Nuevo Laredo (NLD) 250 km
Laredo, TX (LRD) 265 km
Reynosa (REX) 275 km
McAllen, TX (MFE) 278 km
Ciudad Victoria (CVM) 286 km
Harlingen - Valley International Airport (HRL) 336 km
Matamoros (MAM) 342 km
Piedras Negras (PDS) 344 km


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Q: Error: Use of undeclared type 'NSImage' in Swift (Xcode 6 Beta 7) I am experiencing a very strange behaviour in Xcode 6 Beta 7 and Swift. I am getting the error "Use of undeclared type 'NSImage'" all over the place in the editor, but I believe everything is OK in the code: I have imported Cocoa by "import Cocoa" in all files using Cocoa, etc.
Actually, when I compile the program, the errors go away and the program runs fine! But when I go to the editor again to edit a file, the errors pop up again.
I assume this is an Xcode bug (I assume the alerts in the editor being accurate, the code wouldn't even compile). Does anybody know a solution or workaround to this issue?
P.D.: I've already tried cleaning and deleting Derived Data, with no luck.

A: I had the same problem when I was building a Cocoa Framework with swift.
NSImage is part of AppKit. It seems like an NSApplication is somehow getting the AppKit framework injected by default, but not my framework Target. By linking the framework with the AppKit framework:

I now have no problems using NSImage. Hope this helps you!