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Earthquakes: Is Christchurch a wake-up call for Los Angeles?
Once more we are faced with our own mortality in the face of a significant earthquake. Of course, engineers in the various departments involving building & safety assure us that "modern codes" have incorporated findings from past earthquakes and theoretical simulations. BFD – it's not the modern buildings that concern me, but those older buildings which may have never been fully inspected and mitigated and those which have been mitigated to the lowest possible compliance level needed to pass inspection.
Once again, the Los Angeles Times highlights the issue …
"New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings"
"Concrete-framed office buildings, like those on Wilshire Boulevard near the Hollywood fault, are similar to structures devastated in Christchurch's 6.3 quake."
"The level of devastation from this week's earthquake in New Zealand has some California scientists saying that the state's seismic building codes should be reevaluated to address the striking structural failures seen in Christchurch."
"In New Zealand, the quake destroyed many buildings of the types that California officials have long said are most vulnerable in a major temblor: Older unreinforced brick buildings and concrete-framed office buildings erected in the 1960s and '70s. There are thousands of such buildings in the state, and many have not been retrofitted to make them less vulnerable to shaking."
Not to be a naysayer, but how many seismic studies have been performed on buildings in the Hollywood corridor – especially in an area which has potentially been further compromised by an underground subway?
Knowing is not acting …
It's not like the civil engineers in Christchurch were unaware of the potential for earthquakes. Here is a snippet from the 2000 Hopkins Lecture titled "Improving the Resistance of Structures to Earthquakes" as delivered by Emeritus Professor R. Park, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury.
"The past occurrence of earthquakes in New Zealand and the likelihood of a major earthquake in Christchurch are considered. The causes of damage by earthquakes are discussed and typical possible types of damage to building and bridge structures are described with reference to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The design of building and bridge structures for earthquake resistance by the ductile design approach is covered, including performance criteria, structural configuration,
design seismic forces, mechanisms of post-elastic deformation, capacity design, detailing of reinforcement for ductility and control of deflections. Design using base isolation and mechanical energy dissipating devices is also outlined. The extensive use of precast concrete in buildings in New Zealand is described. Finally the seismic assessment and upgrading of old structures and the earthquake resistance of lifelines of communities (transportation, utilities and
communications) are briefly considered."
The conclusions include this statement:
"New Zealand has had major damaging earthquakes in the past. It is fortunate that
almost 70 years has elapsed, since the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake, without a
major earthquake striking an urban area. However, New Zealanders must not be
complacent in their consideration of earthquakes. The attitude or belief 'that it will
not happen to us' or 'it will most likely only occur in Wellington' needs to be
eradicated. There is a 65% probability that Christchurch will be effected by a major earthquake over the next 50 years."
It's more than the type of the building …
Of course, the energy unleashed by the earthquake, its location, duration and the type of soil under the building are also significant factors which can greatly affect the potential of catastrophic failure and loss of life. Not to mention the impact of nearby construction, drainage and ground covering.
The probability of a major quake in Los Angeles is well-known. The seismic research on "dangerous buildings" has been performed and the risks of older buildings are well-known.
But the financial burdens on the building owners and their ability to utilize their political connections to avoid in-depth inspections and the possibility of incurring enormous mitigation costs are also well known.
So, in the final analysis, life is a gamble – a gamble that can be mitigated by being aware of – and avoiding -- those buildings which pose a significant threat. Or as a famous Cal-Tech researcher once said: Earthquakes don't kill people, man-made structures kill people.
New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings - latimes.com
Some of my previous blog entries on the subject:
KNOWLEDGE IS RESPONSIBILITY: ARE LOS ANGELES OFFICIALS HIDING THE TRUTH ABOUT HI-RISE EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITIES?
NEW QUAKE SCENARIO: COLLAPSE OF LOS ANGELES HIGH-RISES IS A CREDIBLE SCENARIO!
PROBABILITY: THE UNCERTAINTY FACTOR IN SCIENCE -- SCIENTISTS CLAIM 1,000-YEAR EARTHQUAKE LULL IN LOS ANGELES -- INDICATOR OF INCREASED RISK?
Earthquakes: A reminder of a deadly question ...
A reminder …
"On January 17,1994, an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale caused heavy damage in the Los Angeles area This earthquake, referred to as the Northridge earthquake, left 61 people dead, 18,480 injured, and 25,000 homeless. More than 55,000 structures were damaged, of which
1,600 were left uninhabitable. The earthquake also caused significant damage to the area's extensive freeway system, resulting in closures at seven locations. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA), the earthquake, causing estimated damage totaling $13 billion to $15 billion, was the nation's second largest disaster ever in these terms and resulted in the largest number of applications for disaster relief in the agency's history."
Well worth reading …
L.A Buildings - Earthquakes - Human Tragedy and those infamous Self Shielded Flux Cored Wires
"This story has it all. Lincoln Electric a Cleveland based major weld equipment and consumable manufacture has major weld product problem in a severe earth quake. The selection by California engineers of unsuitable weld consumables for construction project. Cleveland voters sending donations to California politicians. Tax payers stuck with the bills. Lobbyist, Lincoln and FEMA connections. A generous grant of millions to a company that did not ask for it. The possibility of future buildings designed to with stand an earth quake waiting to collapse and let's not forget, lives that were lost and lives that may be lost in the next L.A earthquake. If this was a movie I would call it 'The greatest weld Story Ever' Told or 'The Fox who was asked to guard the Hen House.'"
Losing YOUR privacy one device at a time: Media Players ...
After upgrading my Window's 7 installation to the recommended Service Pack 1, a message appeared on my screen when I attempted to access a video.
I could hardly believe what I was seeing … "Usage data will be sent to Microsoft if you use recommended settings, but the information will not be used to identify or contact you."
Yeah right. We all know that Microsoft fingerprints our machine and software and that information is contained in the documents and files that we produce with some common Microsoft products.
What will Microsoft do with this information? Research for product improvement? If so, why would they claim that usage data will be sent to Microsoft. Other than verifying that our software is licensed, what business to they have using our machine and our communications facilities to send data which may be of some commercial benefit to their enterprise?
I could understand if the data was used for product improvement, but with video or audio products, the media player either works or it doesn't. And unless they are tracking iTunes purchases to target those who might want to purchase goods and services at a Microsoft store, of what commercial use is the data.
Considering Microsoft's close relationship with our government, including contacts within the NSA, CIA, and FBI is this a move to scan for materials related to terrorism or commercial copyright violations? Can this material be obtained by an administrative summons or subpoena without a right to challenge the validity of such procedure?
Whose data is it?
I assume that you own your computer hardware and pay for any communications link used to connect you to the Internet. So what is their claim to your data? That they sold you a license to use their product?
Does it really contact Microsoft?
Running a packet sniffer and invoking Windows Media Player produced these results …
But to be fair, so did Real Player …
Here is another erosion of our right to privacy – all hidden in an information screen and conveyed to unknown parties for unknown purposes.
All I want for my software to do is fulfill the purpose which caused me to purchase that particular product. I have no complaint if it wants to check for periodic updates (provided it tells me about them and offers me the choice to say no) or validate its license. As to the collection of user data – whether for enhancing performance, performing additional research or attempting to track my usage for purposes of their own – NO! In fact hell no!
Even attempting to use the Windows firewall did not block Microsoft's communications. Nor did it block Real Player's attempt to communicate. Time to actually block them using another firewalling product that was turned off during the test.
Be smart, be safe and try to keep spyware from revealing your secrets.
Global Warming: A dragon worth slaying ...
The burb …
Summary (from the back cover) …
Even before publication, Slaying the Sky Dragon was destined to be the benchmark for future generations of climate researchers. This is the world's first and only full volume refutation of the greenhouse gas theory of man-made global warming.
Eight leading international experts methodically expose how willful fakery and outright incompetence were hidden within the politicized realm of government climatology. Applying a thoughtful and sympathetic writing style, the authors help even the untrained mind to navigate the maze of atmospheric thermodynamics. Step-by-step the reader is shown why the so-called greenhouse effect cannot possibly exist in nature.
By deft statistical analysis the cornerstones of climate equations – incorrectly calculated by an incredible factor of three – are exposed and then shattered.
This volume is a scientific tour de force and the gamechanger for international environmental policymakers as well as being a joy to read for hard-pressed taxpayers everywhere.
And from the Publisher's web page …
With concise and detailed equations and helpful diagrams to guide the non-scientist, Slaying the Sky Dragon: Death of the Greenhouse Gas Theory, does more than simply expose shocking faux climate science. It is a step-by-step guide to how the United Nations, western governments and leading corporations manipulated the infant science of climatology in pursuit of such disparate goals as global green government, an international carbon trading Ponzi scheme and the self-aggrandizement of well-placed UN officials and political leaders. <Source>
Pretty bold claims, so I looked forward with great anticipation to reading the book …
Slaying the Sky Dragon: Death of the Greenhouse Gas Theory is definitely an engaging and intriguing title. The back cover blurb raised my expectations to a very high level.
Red flag one: a curious disclaimer …
Only to be moderated by the "Disclaimer" on Page 3: "The authors of this book received no funding from government agencies or private corporations and the opinions expressed are entirely their own."
Since I normally regard myself as a cynic and climate skeptic, I wondered – what is that about. Most credible and working climatologists do not fund their own work and almost always have some association with the government or private enterprise. A glaring red flag in my mind which demanded further investigation.
Red flag two: the missing author …
Turning to the author's biographical information contained within the book, I found that with the exception of Dr. Tim Ball, a retired Canadian Professor of Climatology from the University of Winnipeg, most of the other authors were science writers; or should I say writers with a scientific background. While seemingly well-credentialed in their respective areas of expertise, the author's are not what one would normally expect when reviewing a book touted as a "scientific tour de force." Another glaring red flag in my mind.
When I looked for Dr. Ball's biography, I found that he was not a climatologist per se, but a professor of geography with an emphasis on historical climate at the University of Winnipeg from 1971 to 1996.
But what surprised me was that other copies must exist. Some with a different cover and an additional author, Dr. Oliver K. Manuel.
This was acknowledged in another blurb.
Even before publication, Slaying the Sky Dragon was destined to be the benchmark for future generations of climate researchers. This is the world's first and only full volume refutation of the greenhouse gas theory of man-made global warming. Nine leading international experts methodically expose how willful fakery and outright incompetence were hidden within the politicized realm of government climatology.
And on the publisher's web site in a "Meet the Authors" section.
"Oliver Manuel (United States) Emeritus Professor Oliver K. Manuel is a renowned nuclear and space scientist with over 100 refereed publications in leading research journals [Science, Nature, Physical Review, Proceedings of Lunar Science Conferences, Journal of Geophysical Research, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, etc.] and papers presented at science conferences world-wide, including the United States, old USSR, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Russia, Portugal, Switzerland, and Wales."
Another red flag, curious -- because I just received the review copy of this 8-author version of the book directly from the publisher.
Red flag three: squirrely statements about science …
Again, as I have said before: "I rarely read non-fiction books, cover-to-cover, preferring instead to start out with the most interesting section."
So I tackled Chapter 18 "Climate Thermodynamics," written by Claes Johnson, primarily because I am interested in climate modeling.
From the curious opening quote:
"Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you don't understand it at all. The second time you go through it,
you think you understand it, except for one or two small points. The third time you go through it, you know you don't understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn't bother you any more. (Physicist Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951))"
to the opening paragraph:
"Global climate results from a thermodynamic interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean with radiative forcing from the Sun, gravitational forcing from the Earth (and the Moon) and dynamic Coriolis forcing from the rotation of the Earth. The thermodynamics is described by the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) of fluid dynamics, for a variable density
incompressible ocean and compressible atmosphere, expressing conservation
of mass, momentum and energy."
I was confused.
Why would you use a quote "pooh-poohing" the very scientific basis of your assertion?
The Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluid substances. The equations themselves are among the least understood and most used in certain research. The statement that "the thermodynamics is described by the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics" is, again, either inartfully worded or suspect as being woefully inadequate to the explanation.
For those wishing a little more on the complexity of applying Navier-Stokes equations to global climate modeling, you may wish to glance at GCMs [Global Circulation Models] and the Navier-Stokes Equations.
"In short, A GCM 'control run,' is essentially one numerical run from a hugely complicated Navier-Stokes equation, the deep mathematical properties of which mathematicians say they know very little. Climatologists on the other hand appear to know the results to high degrees of certainty – remarkable."
However, there is value to be found here. This is a prime example of why respected scientific journals use the "peer review" process to prepare their materials for publication. Where incomplete thoughts, ambiguous assertions and other incongruities are answered without forcing the reader to do mental gymnastics to arrive at what the author truly meant.
Pressing on …
Within the chapters there appear to be additional questions of science and mathematics – some of which may rise from inartful wording and poor editing – and others are conceptually flawed when taken in the context presented. And some statements are woefully inadequate because they raise even more questions about the author's assumptions and reasons for usage.
A little background about my point of view …
As I have said before: "It is of great concern to me that those whom I label as global warming alarmists continue to demand that governments enact self-serving laws, rules and regulations which manipulate public policy for the promotion of progressive politics and special interests profits. All the while a complacent population sits back and is spoon-fed biased information by a media that has been thoroughly corrupted by the progressive political debate."
The book …
I cannot express an opinion on this book other than it certainly does not live up to its publicity.
Slaying the Sky Dragon: Death of the Greenhouse Gas Theory
Authors: Tim Ball, Claes Johnson, Martin Hertzberg, Joseph A. Olson, Hans Schreuder, and John O'Sullivan
Publisher: Stairway Press
$34.95, paper, 364 pages
($22.23@ Amazon.com)
My position …
To provide context for this review, it is my belief that the subject of global warming is a political scheme based on speculative science, inadequate computer models, highly-manipulated and suspect data, and promoted by a number of self-serving politicians, institutions, researchers and special interests.
I also believe that carbon dioxide was chosen as the demon gas because it provided a rationale for public policies that could be used to control the production, distribution and use of the energy which is required to sustain and expand our economic growth.
That the scientific findings, relative to global climate change, to this very day, show that the global mean temperature is well within the tolerance and noise levels of nature's own variability. And that the correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and an increase in the global mean temperature is not causal and can be easily explained by other more significant factors such as the Sun's energy output, the Earth's position relative to the Sun, the Earth's planetary dynamics, volcanic activity, ocean currents and the greatest greenhouse gas of all, water vapor. All part of a chaotic system featuring self-regulating feedback loops. And all to be anticipated by the warming of our world as we emerge from the little ice age.
I have many reservations in recommending this book to my readers, friends and others interested in the subject. Mostly because it does not live up to its own hype and because it is not a clear and easily understandable exposition on the subject matter. The book is a curious mishmash of politics and science. Some of which refers to a "companion volume" that is only referenced in passing. Too many red flags for a recommendation.
For those wondering if it was an enjoyable or enlightening read, the answer is a resounding "No." I would much rather read, hear or study work by Christopher Lord Monckton who makes similar claims, but with much more specificity and coherence.
I agree that there is a "Sky Dragon" to be slain. But the only way that this book will help kill the out-of-control monster is if you beat him to death using the book as a brute-force weapon.
Some of my previous blog entries for context are listed here in no particular order.
Global Warming: A Climate Coup?
GLOBAL WARMING: A DAY OF RECKONING APPROACHES ...
GLOBAL WARMING/COOLING/CHANGE: NUMBERS WITHOUT SUBSTANCE
Global Warming: The real question is highlighted in a new report ...
Global Warming: The Pretense of Knowledge
Global warming: new research annoys alarmists.
Global Warming: How is it that we are making public policy decisions when we still have much to learn?
Global Warming: Going Beyond The Science ...
A COOLER YEAR: GLOBAL WARMING WEATHER ANOMALY OR THE BEGINNING OF A "REGRESSION TO THE UNKNOWN TEMPERATURE MEAN?"
Public Employee Unions: A Democrat Disease ...
Once again the progressive democrats have proven themselves unworthy of office – failing to uphold their fiduciary responsibilities to ALL constituents and negotiating political deals for themselves at the expense of the hard-working taxpayer.
Make no mistake about it, public employee unions bear little or no similarity to the unions who fought a bloody battle with the private sector over serious issues involving health and the exploitation of the labor force.
Civil service regulations, and similar laws at the local and state level, insure good working conditions and punished those who abused the authority of their positions. And while there was a justifiable reason for unions in the private sector, no such credible reasons could be made for introducing this parasitical practice in the public sector.
Public employee unions born out of democrat dishonesty …
They are mostly a creation of John F. Kennedy who observed that public employee unions in a few select states overwhelmingly support democrats – and thus he extended collective bargaining to the federal government to gain political advantage over the Republicans.
By a 1962 executive order10988 and not a Congressional vote …
"WHEREAS effective employee-management cooperation in the public service requires a clear statement of the respective rights and obligations of employee organizations and agency management:
NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution of the United States, by section 1753 of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 631), and as President of the United States, I hereby direct that the following policies shall govern officers and agencies of the executive branch of the Government in all dealings with Federal employees and organizations representing such employees."
Approved: January 17th, 1962. Signed John F. Kennedy
And before you try to tell me that the democrats were not the only beneficiaries of union political operations, let me say that the Center for Responsive Politics notes that one union, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) have approximately $40 million dollars to candidates running for federal office – with 98.5% going to democrat candidates. And that's just one union. One need only look at the contributions of the corrupt SEIU (Service Employees International Union) to the Obama Campaign. Tens of millions of their members' coerced dues – not for any patriotic cause, but to purchase influence at the very highest levels of government – to keep the good times rolling for public employee and their unions. Even in hard times and when public sector workers were somewhat immune from the lay-offs, reduction in medical coverage and financial difficulties affecting us all.
The result of continuing democrat dishonesty and corruption …
Over time, this incestuous relationship has yielded 50 years of onerous work rules which stifle both productivity and creativity in the public sector. Where employees are promoted on the basis of seniority to merit, productivity or are the best qualified for the position. Were work continues to be sub-divided to the point in takes three times as many workers to perform a task – all to the benefit of the unions and the detriment of the taxpayer footing the bill.
Now, due to what may be best described as a RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) violation, we see that elected officials have given outrages benefits to public employees in a quid pro quo (this for that) deal that would garner them campaign funding, media support and voter drives – but more importantly, insure that union money would not be spent on a competitor running for the same public office.
It is time that this cycle of corruption is broken. One, by removing as many corrupt and self-serving democrats from office and two by eliminating or restricting collective bargaining within the public sector. Reexamining the current pensions fund grants which were based on give-aways and other tricks used by public employees to increase their benefits. Perhaps going so far as to insuring that retired employees cannot double dip as far as pensions are concerned.
The heated rhetoric …
The unions call it "union busting" and claim that public workers will lose their seniority and other benefits.
The opposition calls it the "right to work" option and puts the control of government back in the hands of the government's elected officials – without the corrupt and corrosive influence of public employee unions and their equally corrupt public officials.
And I call it a return to rationality.
We are embroiled in a corrupt and dysfunctional system that rewards political corruption at the expense of "We the People." Leaving us with only two hard choices – vote the corrupt democrats out of office and reform the system or start reforming the system and vote the corrupt democrats out of office.
It's for the children … traditionally the rallying cry of teachers facing budgetary constraints. But every survey and test reveals the actual truth: in spite of well-paid teachers, our children are getting an inferior education by about any measure you care to use. All at the hands of the teacher's unions and the corrupt school administrators who pander to the unions and the special interests.
It is time that official corruption ended and we restore the United States to the bright shining city on the hill. The alternative is to become France or any one of the progressive democrat institutions in Europe; professing superiority over the United States while overlooking the fact of their inferiority.
We need to support Governor Walker and those in Wisconsin who are trying to break the cycle of public section employee unions. We need to support our own local, state and federal legislators who may attempt to do the same thing.
Like the unions are fond of saying: we need to support our friends and punish our enemies.
Enough with Charlie Sheen
Save your sympathy for the poor who cannot access or afford help for their addictions and/or do not have expensive lawyers to keep them insulated from the consequences of their actions.
The people who are enabling Sheen will be complicit in his misery or death -- or their own should he turn homicidal in a drug-fueled rage.
The talk show hosts and media outlets who are giving him access to boost their ratings are equally complicit.
Wisconsin Public Employee Unions: Breaking the "Circle of Corruption"
With all of the labor turmoil in Wisconsin, especially in light of certain democrats refusing to act on behalf of "We the People," it is now time to reassess the viability of public employee unions and to break the cycle of corruption that now exists.
The ABC's of Political Corruption …
A Politicians are elected by "We the People" to govern in our name and to manage the delivery of public services to "We the People" in the most cost-effective and expeditious manner.
B There are no constitutional rights granting public employees the right to collectively bargain for the purposes of imposing work conditions, salary, perks, benefits and other constraints on work performed on behalf of "We the People."
C When public employee unions are able to use their public employee member's dues to provide campaign donations, media support and voter drives on behalf of a particular party or politician, the party and the politician now has to serve two masters.
D When a politician fears public employee union's more than "We the People," the stage is set for corruption.
E When the politician allows public employee unions to dictate work rules and increases in public employee salaries and benefits in order to preserve and protect their elected positions against political challengers – the corruption within the political system is complete. They no longer serve "We the People" – and only serve themselves and the public employee unions.
What are the consequences of allowing public employee unions to exist within the framework of government?
1. "We the People" can no longer trust our elected officials to act in our name; never being sure which master they are serving when negotiating work rules, salaries, benefits and retirement packages.
"We the People" see budgets inflated to accommodate more public employee union workers.
3. "We the People" see the cost of providing government services rise beyond all expectation and prudence due to increases in salaries, perks and benefits.
4. "We the People" see the cost of projects inflated and the time to completion becomes longer and longer.
5. "We the People" see corruption in the government contracting process as elected officials demand that work be performed by "union employees" at an artificially-inflated wage scale.
6. "We the People" find that public employees are taking advantage of their negotiated collective bargaining contracts to "milk" the system when it comes to overtime, shift-differentials, holidays and credited retirement time – leading to the rise of $100,000 clerical workers and the need for even greater numbers of unionized personnel.
7. "We the People" find that we are creating a "privileged" class of public employee whose jobs are guaranteed, who cannot be easily terminated for malfeasance or laid-off in times of economic difficulty. And who earn more than a corresponding person in the private sector.
8. After a while, "We the People" find that most of our hard-earned money is being spent to support retired public employees who may have taken early retirement and who no longer provide public services to "We the People."
9. "We the People" are finding that the unionized public employees and their public employee unions are expecting "We the People" to make up any shortfall in their unfunded pension funds – even when they experienced a loss due to economic conditions which affected us all.
Stop now: Before all of you unionized public employees tell me about the police, firefighters and teachers …
We agree that there are hazardous jobs within the government, but they are no more hazardous than today's volunteer armed forced.
We agree that our children's future depend on having decent teachers; but it appears that unionized teachers are not doing the job required to educate our children. It is their public employee unions that prevent competition within school districts to provide a superior education. It is their public employee unions that prevent competency testing for teaching ability and subject matter knowledge. And it is their public employee unions that prevents parents from volunteering to provide additional assistance at schools.
And before you tell me that we need to lay off police, fire, medical and other critical employees …
"We the People" hire our elected officials to serve our needs – to protect us from threats to the public order and disasters of all types. To uphold their oath of office, these public officials must prioritize our public services – not with "across the board" lay-offs, but reducing cubicle workers and functionaries in all non-critical areas before a single police, fire or EMT is laid-off.
It's not for the public, nor their members, that public employee unions exist. It is to serve their, arguably, corrupt leadership by allowing them to manage large sums of money – both from dues and pension fund contributions – and to pursue a political course of action which can best be described as "socialism" – where people are viewed as units of labor and are conditioned to meet the "norm" rather than embarrass their co-workers by performing at exceptional levels. Where promotion is determined by seniority and not merit. Thus leading to an entire workforce that has absolutely no incentive to perform at higher levels and render superior service to "We the People." One need only consider the Department of Motor Vehicles or the United States Postal Service to see the truth in this statement.
Sure there will be kind-hearted and wonderful people among the drones, but they would be there, performing at exceptional levels, with or without public employee unions.
One of my best friends works for the City of Los Angeles after a lengthy career in the public sector. She can hardly believe the incompetence of her boss and the lengths to which her department manager will go to avoid work-enhancing productivity aids. She handles millions of dollars in her position and yet the department routinely overlooks mistakes "because that impacts someone else's job function."
We are facing a fiscal Armageddon and "We the People" need to act now. Perhaps we cannot easily elect the representatives we want, but we can disrupt the circle of corruption.
For those in Wisconsin, hold fast – forget the protests and demand that your elected officials act in an honest and ethical manner (not hiding out and shirking their public duties). For everyone else, it is time we also rallied against corrupt public employee unions.
AS A GROWING AND METASTASIZING CANCER -- PUBLIC EMPLOYEE UNIONS SHOULD BE OUTLAWED AS A CORRUPTING INFLUENCE ON THE BODY POLITIC.
funny ... typepad problem
I find it funny that Typepad's iPhone app fails with an "unexpected error" while other apps (this one cost $9.95) work just fine ...
Solved the issue -- it appears that TypePad's iPhone app wants the domain to be www.typepad.com not your domain name.
Leave the domain defaulted to www.typepad.com, enter the e-mail and password associated with your account and you are good to go.
Also, the TypePad app has limited functionality, so I am sticking with the more expensive iBlogger app from illuminex -> http://illuminex.com/iBlogger/index.html.
Global warming: plant science worthy of a high school science fair?
The tend among scientists is to justify their expensive existence by attracting funding and support for their "projects" by linking them to "global warming."
Unfortunately, it appears to also be producing research worthy of a high-school science project; often at great expense to the taxpayer.
Hypothesis: plants grow bigger and better when they are exposed to vital water, nutrients and the carbon dioxide from which they, in turn, produce life-giving oxygen.
An example ….
Noting that "among medicinal plants, the therapeutic uses of opiate alkaloids from poppy (Papaver spp.) have long been recognized," Ziska et al. (2008) write that the overall goal of their study was "to evaluate the growth and production of opiates for a broad range of recent and projected atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations using wild poppy (P. setigerum) as a surrogate for P. somniferum."
Specifically, Ziska et al. grew well watered and fertilized plants from seed (one plant per 2.6-liter pot filled with a 4:1:1 mixture of sphagnum, perlite and vermiculite) within growth chambers maintained at four different atmospheric CO2 concentrations - 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm - for a period of 90 to 100 days, while quantifying plant growth and the production of secondary compounds including the alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine and noscapine, which were derived from latex obtained from capsules produced by the plants.
The three researchers' data indicate that relative to the plants grown at 300 ppm CO2, those grown at 400, 500 and 600 ppm produced approximately 200, 275 and 390% more aboveground biomass, respectively, as best as can be determined from their bar graphs. In addition, they report that "reproductively, increasing CO2 from 300 to 600 ppm increased the number of capsules, capsule weight and latex production by 3.6, 3.0 and 3.7 times, respectively, on a per plant basis," with the ultimate result that "all alkaloids increased significantly on a per plant basis." Based on these findings, Ziska et al. conclude that "as atmospheric CO2 continues to increase, significant effects on the production of secondary plant compounds of pharmacological interest (i.e. opiates) could be expected," which effects, in their words, "are commonly accepted as having both negative (e.g. heroin) and positive (e.g. codeine) interactions with respect to public health."
Ziska, L.H., Panicker, S. and Wojno, H.L. 2008. Recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the potential impacts on growth and alkaloid production in wild poppy (Papaver setigerum DC.). Climatic Change 91: 395-403. <Source>
Let's see: the conclusions are that higher CO2 concentrations could have a beneficial effect on plant life – but there are potential impacts on public health if that plant can be used to make street-level and pharmaceutical narcotics. It should be noted that the researchers did not use the "real plant," but only a proxy; and that the growing cycle was extremely short. I have another two questions: how many people remained employed doing the research and what was the "research yield" in terms of scientific papers per growth cycle.
Now to high school …
High School Science Fair Projects
Below are ideas to get you started developing a project of your own. Choose something that sounds interesting, then start doing research and build your project's hypothesis from there!
All high school projects require a high level of original thought and development, so these ideas are just springboards for you to develop your own project.To participate in upper-level competition, a project should be relevant to current science and technology, and should present a benefit to society.
Investigate the effects of increased oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration on plant germination.
Perhaps we should have outsourced the project to an eighth grader?
Ryan: Grade 8
Objectives/Goals
The main goal of this project was to see how high levels of carbon dioxide affect the stomata in an ice plant. The hypothesis was that the plant exposed to 400 grams of carbon dioxide will have 75% of the stomata closed compared to the plant exposed to 200 grams and the controlled not exposed to the solid Carbon dioxide. This is because the more carbon dioxide is added the more the stomata will die and close up. <Source>
A good career …
If you're looking for a good conversation about science, history or life – talk to Bert Drake. He's a plant physiologist and renaissance man who's been with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center for nearly four decades. Drake retired in January, but will continue his investigations as an emeritus
Much of your work has focused on understanding how plants will respond to rising levels of atmospheric CO2. In 1987 you began a field experiment at a marsh on the Chesapeake Bay that continues to this day. What are you trying to figure out?
The big question has always been whether or not plants and our land ecosystems would remain carbon sinks as atmospheric CO2 increases and the climate warms. We wanted to know if plants exposed to high CO2 in the field would keep growing and or if they would simply acclimate to higher CO2. Earlier studies had focused on greenhouse plants. Most concluded that the photosynthetic capacity of plants would decline after being exposed to elevated CO2. I thought that critical experiments had not been done. I wanted to get out into the field and study how an entire wetland would respond to higher levels of CO2.
Immediately after we began the study in 1987 we found the plants were taking up more CO2. After 5-10 years the extra CO2 had big effects. We took this to mean that plants and wetland ecosystems could remain a carbon sink, even in a high CO2 world. After 20 years though, the plants' response to more CO2 has become erratic. This makes interpretation of the results much more difficult. In science you almost always get an approximation of an answer because an experiment is only an approximation of reality. <Source>
20 years and counting … sounds like a well-paid, satisfying career And the results almost always suggest that more research needs to be done and that the principal investigator who performed the experiment is the ideal person for the task.
The one comment that "In science you almost always get an approximation of an answer because an experiment is only an approximation of reality" is worth it's weight in gold.
There is no doubt that science is crucial to understanding our environment, to assist in planning for the future and to allow us to protect ourselves from the deleterious effects of man-made pollution. But trying to correlate everything to global warming and making outrageous "projections" which support a toxic political philosophy are not only wasteful of research money, but have an adverse effect on our freedoms.
Perhaps one should study the effects of the increased plant life in the proximity of research institutions to quantify plant growth that has been affected by the outpouring of carbon dioxide from researchers as they continue to bloviate on global warming; the dire predictions of which exist only in the silicon minds of computers. Especially since they appear to continually confuse statistical correlation with causation.
It can be proven that 100% of drug addicts ingest dihydrogen oxide (dihydrogen oxide is used extensively in industry for the dilution of waste streams for treatment by the waste treatment system. It is also known to cause incredible erosion into igneous formations) – but does that mean the substances causes them to be prone to drug addiction?
Man will always need to deal with nature, unfortunately mostly on nature's terms. Here are a few of the questions that are not being answered.
Our planet appears to be warming slightly as we leave the little ice age; will this warming continue or will the planet start to cool as we regress towards an unknown global mean temperature?
Will we even be able to adequately measure these changes against the background of nature's variability?
Why do the politicians and special interests need to promote political change based on global warming when so much of the planet lacks clean water, sanitary facilities and stable food sources?
And why do the computer models which predict catastrophe, fail to predict what we are currently experiencing in the "real world?"
While science is important to expanding our knowledge base, we can improve our chances of survival as a people by preparing for weather events, rather than implementing economy-changing political schemes tore-distribute wealth from the producers to the entitlement culture -- with the Wall Street Wizards and other middlemen taking their outrageous share for producing nothing of lasting or tangible benefit.
Union Cuts: Wisconsin has it right -- "We the People" demand representation too!
There is no doubt in my mind that allowing the creation of public employee unions was an extremely bad idea for several reasons.
They encourage corruption in public officials who have become afraid of their growing political power.
They encourage corruption in public entities who are also afraid of their growing power.
They increase the price of all goods and services purchased without a corresponding increase in actual utility or benefits.
They reduce the amount of work performed by using peer pressure to set unofficial norms that penalize merit or exemplary performance.
They increase fraud and corruption by the manipulation of union work rules to provide outrageous pay differentials for shifts, overtime and sick time.
They drain governments of the means to help many more people while only a few are insulated from the vagaries of the economy and the stresses of daily living.
And they are the proximate cause of many of the financial woes associated government at the local, state and federal level.
So why are public employee unions needed in a day-and-age where the average employee, both in the private and public sector, has numerous means of access to legal channels and "protective" government agencies to redress their grievances?
Why is there no representation of "We the People" as public employee unions creates privileged class bureaucrats that benefit from guaranteed employment, generous salaries, perks, benefits, healthcare and retirement … unlike those found in the private sector? Why are "We the People" forced to dig deep into our hard-earned money to pay for this privileged class at the expense of ourselves and our families?
We are not speaking of front-line support personnel such as the police, firefighters and medical people. We are speaking of cubicle workers who create rules and regulations; and do little more than pass paper back and forth among themselves.
There is no reason why there should be $100,000 janitors or garbage collectors or even $75,000 clerks.
It is now time to take back our country from the unions, especially those like the SEIU (Service Employees International Union) who have their roots in socialism and are about pursuing an anti-America political agenda.
Look at what is happening in Wisconsin …
The progressive democrats, normally the recipients of massive union support have abandoned the capital lest they be seen with those who are demanding that the collective bargaining process be brought under control.
According to the progressive New York Times …
"Democrats Missing, Wisconsin Vote on Cuts Is Delayed"
"Debate in the State Senate over Wisconsin's controversial bill to cut collective bargaining rights for public workers ended, at least temporarily, on Thursday morning before it began. As the session was due to begin, Democrats failed to appear in the chamber, leaving the body without a quorum and leading the Republicans to send capitol officials in search of the Democrats."
Do these democrats not work for their constituents? By what authority or reason can they simply abandon their posts during debate over a critical issues?
There is no doubt that the democrat's gravy train would be severely impacted should the unions cede significant power back to the people of Wisconsin.
"The presumed reason for their disappearance is that Democrats — and thousands of teachers, state workers and students — vigorously oppose the Republican-backed bill that would sharply curtail the collective bargaining rights and slash benefits for most public sector workers, including teachers, in the state."
Are they more afraid of the unions or the necessity to do the right thing – even in the face of public employee protests?
"Republicans control the Senate by a 19-to-14 margin, but 20 senators — and thus, at least one Democrat — are needed to vote on a bill."
The "BIG" lie …
"All morning, as thousands of protesters gathered here as they have all week, tensions mounted outside the Senate chamber. Some pounded on windows and said they intended to prevent members from entering. At least one Senator had to call the Capitol police for help to get through the crowd and inside. "Shut it down! Shut it down!" protesters chanted. And even as the Senate convened, several in the audience inside the chamber began loudly chanting 'Freedom, democracy, unions.' At least one person was removed by security."
Unions are not about freedom and democracy. They are about control and coerision – mostly for the benefit of their leadership which is given access to extremely large sums of member's money to invest – sometimes in sweetheart deals made to benefit their own self-interests.
Freedom? You mean public employees within a bargaining unit have the freedom not to join a union, to refuse to pay dues or some equivalent amount for unwanted representation? To dictate to the union if they want their money spent on outlandish and costly political campaigns for causes they do not believe in? To be safe from peer-pressure and bullying organizing tactics in their person, homes and places of employment?
Thumbing their union noses at those who pay their outrageous salaries …
"Madison public schools were closed for a second day on Thursday, as teachers called in sick to lobby at the Capitol against the sweeping proposal. More than a dozen other public school districts announced they were closed for the day as well."
Are these the same teachers who prefer to teach their students about multi-culturalism, political correctness and moral equivalency instead of the traditional core subjects of reading, writing, arithmetic, civics, history and critical thinking? Teachers who ignore science and scientific facts to push the unproven hypothesis of global warming? Or the teachers and their unions who refuse to hold teachers accountable for their actions and who rather dumb-down the curricula and testing rather than see test scores plummet?
Backing down?
"Late into Wednesday evening, a legislative committee approved the measure on a 12-to-4 vote that split along partisan lines, Republicans in favor and Democrats opposed. After an emotional debate, the committee made only minor changes to the proposal put forth last week by Gov. Scott Walker, a Republican, clearing the way for what Mr. Walker had hoped would be swift approval by both chambers by Friday."
I don't know how it will turn out for the State of Wisconsin – but I do know that unless "We the People" wrest political control from the unions, we will never regain our birthright. Forever lost within a never-ending circle of political corruption and special interest self-dealing.
The progressive democrats like to use class warfare as a means to demonstrate what is wrong with America … and in this case we are destroying the middle class and substituting a class of pampered bureaucratic public employees who can virtually dictate their own deals. And at some point, we are going to reach the tipping point where the only purpose served by the private sector will be to pay for an out-of-control public sector. Welcome to socialism.
Just who represents the common man when their elected representation is owned by the unions?
Facing Vote on Cuts, Wisconsin Democrats Disappear - NYTimes.com
Obama wants to know what you think about his 2011/2012 budget ...
Quite frankly, President Obama's budget stinks … because it is grossly dishonest and not reflective of the wants and needs of the American public.
How many people realize that massive spending and significant budget increases since President Obama took office will be "locked in" by accepting the current budget?
It is dishonest and disingenuous to have raised government agency's budgets by up to 300% over the past few years – larding the agency with employees, new mandates and significant oversight over expanded government grants –- and then agreeing to a ten percent cut to appease those in the public who do not know better.
We need to significantly scale back the size of government, to cut government programs which do little or nothing for our economy or future well-being. We need to tell President Obama and his Administration that Obamacare was found to be unconstitutional and it might be illegal to continue on building government infrastructure under its mandate.
The real purpose of this budget is to maintain political power by trading the taxpayer's hard-earned funds for programs which buy government support, support from the unions and support from the special interests.
Let us consider what Obama wants the public to know and how he is offering them a chance to express their concerns – even though the politicians will do as they have traditionally done, listen to those with the campaign funds, media and voter support; the general public (you and me) be damned.
Another e-mail blast from the Obamacons …
This week, the President sent his budget to Congress.
It's a plan to rebuild our economy and win the future -- a plan that will prepare our country and our children for the jobs and industries of tomorrow.
It's a proposal to live within our means so we can invest in our future.
But the budget can be complex, confusing, and easy to distort in a partisan environment.
President Obama will rely on our help -- the on-the-ground organizing we know works -- to make the case alongside him.
That's why we want your input.
Take a minute to learn about the President's top budget priorities, and then let us know which is the most important to you.
Your feedback will help guide the work we do and the strategies we employ in the coming months, as the fights in Washington over the budget come to a head.
The President's vision is ambitious yet responsible. While making the tough decisions on some things we can't afford, the budget also makes targeted investments where we need them to create jobs and secure a brighter future for new generations.
It comes down to whether we're able to live up to the vision the President laid out in five pillars:
-- Innovate: Invest heavily in research and development, more than double funding for energy efficiency advances, and put 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015.
-- Educate: Expand the Race to the Top program, encourage school funding reform by rewarding success and innovation, train 100,000 new math and science teachers, and make it more affordable for millions more students to pay for college.
-- Build: Create hundreds of thousands of jobs off the bat with investments in infrastructure, bring high-speed Internet access to 98 percent of Americans, and support the goal of supplying high-speed rail to 80 percent of Americans within 25 years.
-- Be fiscally responsible: Reduce the deficit by more than $1 trillion over the next 10 years, bring non-security discretionary spending to the lowest levels since Eisenhower, and live up to the President's pledge to cut the deficit he inherited in half before the end of his first term.
-- Reform government: Embrace competitive grant models that encourage innovation and save taxpayer dollars, cut administrative overhead costs by billions, and establish a process to reorganize government to make it better serve the goal of a competitive America.
Whether we can out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of the world depends on the direction this country takes right now.
And each of us is a critical messenger for this administration.
When we talk to friends and family, when we knock on our neighbors' doors, and when we discuss the news with coworkers, we communicate so much more than any talking head or political ad ever could.
We'll be the ones making the case in our communities. So weigh in on what part of the President's vision you want to see take priority: <link removed>
Organizing for America
A little analysis and some common sense …
"Innovate: Invest heavily in research and development, more than double funding for energy efficiency advances, and put 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015."
Yes, let us continue the charade of global warming and invest in those technologies which are not sustainable or cost efficient without government subsidies or mandates to pass the costs onto the public in the form of higher energy prices. Consider how worthless those electric cars would have been in cold weather where battery energy output is directly proportional to the temperature of the battery. This is just another stimulus package for the researchers who produce faux-science findings to promote Obama's progressive agenda. To the special interests, like the heavily unionized General (Government) Motors who needs subsidies to persuade people to buy their electric kiddy-cars.
"Educate: Expand the Race to the Top program, encourage school funding reform by rewarding success and innovation, train 100,000 new math and science teachers, and make it more affordable for millions more students to pay for college."
By all means let us continue funding the heavily unionized teachers who have brought our country to the lowest levels of academic achievement and who are failing to educate our children. Let us continue to support educational bastions of progressive thought where children are coerced into parroting an anti-America line at the risk of receiving poor grades. Learning multi-culturalism, political correctness and political activism instead of reading, writing, arithmetic, history, civics and critical thinking.
"Be fiscally responsible: Reduce the deficit by more than $1 trillion over the next 10 years, bring non-security discretionary spending to the lowest levels since Eisenhower, and live up to the President's pledge to cut the deficit he inherited in half before the end of his first term."
We have seen the dishonest accounting and wild-eyed assumptions made to make Obamacare look cheaper. Mostly by breaking out significant costs into other programs which have different titles. These are the guys that wildly inflated the budgets and now want to give us token cuts. Notice how they characterize the saving "over the next ten years." A blatant and bald-faced lie. They do not know what will happen in ten years, let alone what might happen next year. So any projected savings are illusory and bogus.
"Build: Create hundreds of thousands of jobs off the bat with investments in infrastructure, bring high-speed Internet access to 98 percent of Americans, and support the goal of supplying high-speed rail to 80 percent of Americans within 25 years."
Yes, I have heard that before – stimulus II – and all that was done was to preserve government jobs and fund projects that demanded union personnel. Why should the taxpayer subsidize high-speed Internet when the carriers milk every drop of profit from the system and reward themselves with bonuses of tens of millions of dollars. Let them invest their own money in a competitive build-out. Whoops, I forgot, the rates for some Internet access are controlled by governmental agencies.
About those rail projects which go nowhere and serve nobody except consultants, politically-connected special interests and union labor – I do not think that a rail line between Disneyland (Anaheim, CA) and Las Vegas (Nevada) will do much for California as people rush to gamble out of state. And about the North-South line that visits non-starter destination cities, what's that about? (Answer: profits in land acquisition by the politically connected.)
"Reform government: Embrace competitive grant models that encourage innovation and save taxpayer dollars, cut administrative overhead costs by billions, and establish a process to reorganize government to make it better serve the goal of a competitive America."
Please! Where are the billions to be recovered from government program waste, fraud, inefficiency – that both the democrats and republicans have promised year after year; decade after decade. Cut administrative costs, surely President Obama, you must be joking. Government is the only sector of the economy which is expanding without significant distress.
Dishonesty in government will continue until "We the People" elect honest brokers to serve in our name. When we shun professional politicians, celebrities and activists who are pursuing their own agenda. When we force a reform of the democrat party to purge the progressives who have welcomed socialism and communism into the White House and the highest offices of government.
It's time to tell President Obama to take that budget and his token cuts and shove it back to the progressive committee who thinks they can continue to fool Americans.
Get involved. Demand the the GOP give us real and credible candidates. Not pale progressive imitations of Ronald Reagan who will promote only more of the same political crap we now see in the Obama Administration. Just another new ant on the top of the same old burgeoning dung hill that is government.


I thoroughly regret that I won't be going to this one tonight (sorry, Mike), but that doesn't mean that you should also not be going! You definitely SHOULD be going! Go!
Tags: Open Mike Eagle, Pan Amsterdam, The Crocodile, Video Dave.


text:
Ranked #2 among the Best Christian High Schools in the Mobile area
Ranked #19 among the Top 25 Best Private High Schools in Alabama
CORP. FRIENDS
CLASSICAL COLLOQUIUM
From the Head of School
Bayshore Christian School was established by families of Eastern Shore Presbyterian Church (PCA) in 2002. Conveniently located on Highway 98, the school facility is quietly nestled in the picturesque pines and sprawling live oaks of Fairhope, Alabama. What began with 20 students has now grown to more than 440 students in pre-kindergarten through the twelfth grade.
Bayshore offers a distinctly classical and definitively Christian education to more than 285 families representing 48 different churches and 11 evangelical denominations across greater Baldwin County. BCS has been a member of the Association of Classical Christian Schools since 2004, and has been accredited by the Association of Classical Christian Schools since 2016.
The classical approach follows the natural development of a child's intellect. Beginning with the "grammar" level by presenting the basic facts and principles of learning, then progressing to the "logic" level of ordering information, Classical education matures in the "rhetoric" stage where students learn to think critically, integrate information, and communicate effectively. Classical education is designed to develop life-long learners who know what they believe, why they believe it, and how to winsomely communicate it as they impact the culture of Christ.
We hope you will prayerfully consider joining the BCS family, come for a visit and tour, or contact us at (251) 929-0011.
Bayshore's mission is to graduate students with a biblical worldview who will inspire, impact, and serve their communities. Our students will be critical thinkers who are academically and spiritually prepared for college and their life's calling. They will be defenders of the Christian faith and able to exquisitely articulate that defense. They will be lovers of whatsoever things are true, honest, just, pure, lovely, and virtuous.
For more information about Classical Christian Education, please visit the following website and read the following articles:
Association of Classical & Christian Schools
The Lost Tools of Learning by Dorothy Sayers
Why Classical Education? by Fritz Hinrichs
Multum non Multa by Andrew Campbell
© 2012 - Bayshore Christian School K4-Grade 12 |316 Presbyterian Drive | Fairhope, AL 36532 | P (251)929-0011| Contact Us |

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Led by early years' specialist Yvonne, your child will be introduced to music in an enjoyable, engaging and structured class. Based on Zoltan Kodaly's philosophy that children should learn music through their voices and bodies before learning an instrument, children will be singing, dancing and moving to music, learning lots of musical skills and having fun! Each block of classes will take inspiration from the current repertoire of the RSNO.
£5 per session or book a full term in advance and save £4.


text:
most popular email providers
The best email service providers available now, for individuals or businesses. Everything is web-based, and two-step verification is offered to make passwords extra secure. According to Mitch Stephens, a security consultant for Emagined Security, email attacks are the most common internet threat. However, even a few gigabytes of storage gives you enough space to hold between 100,000 and 300,000 messages. In case you thought that bullet point about storage was a typo, we can confirm that Yahoo Mail does in fact offer a whopping 1 TB of storage – that could be more than your home computer. It's more important to examine the attachment features, including the maximum file size you can send and whether you can preview files once they are attached. Pros, Based in Berlin, Posteo is one of Europe's top email providers. If it's hacked, it can quickly lead to serious problems like identity theft, which could have huge financial implications. But if you have a home business or know a lot of people you need to email every day, then it may be worth purchasing an email account with unlimited outbound messaging. Arguably, Outlook's best attribute is its power. While they all have spam filters too, some are more effective than others, so you should check to see how users rate the spam-blocking capabilities of each provider. Gmail isn't perfect, but for the combination of design, features and value, it can't be beat. Zoho, a cloud-first productivity company, makes a slew of apps and services for consumers and enterprise users. If they sidestep your questions and pummel you with threats and fears, it's a scam. These are known as phishing schemes, or phishing attacks. We eliminated services that allow you to send free email messages but won't let you receive messages without purchasing the service. You will receive a verification email shortly. They keep no logs, run no ads, and are open about any information requests from the German government. Please refresh the page and try again. If you're using a YouTube account, Google Docs, or Google Drive, you can hop straight in and start sending and receiving mail. In one of the most common scams, someone contacts you pretending to be from the IRS. Their SecureLine package allows secure E2E encrypted emails based around SSL and TLS. So, it's perhaps no surprise that the company is competing heavily in email. This is reflected in the prices. You should never give your personal information over the phone or through email. Composition Tools You can bump up to Zoho Mail Premium, which has 30GB of storage per user and 40MB for email attachments per user, but it would have been nice to get that in the Lite version. Your email address will not be published. Pros. Look at the sender's email address. Chances are you've been using an email service for years that, for one reason or another, you haven't thought about switching. This is great for online security. Other things such as out of office, auto-replies, and detailed folders are things to consider. If you are using one of Apple's own accounts, you can opt for an @icloud or @me address, and send up to 5GB attachments using Mail Drop. The free plan offers 500MB of storage space. We narrowed the 16 free email services to five that we believe are the best options. Around 200 billion emails are sent per day, the number is truly stunning. At $1 per user per month, Zoho Mail Lite is affordable, but it comes with only 5GB of storage per user and 25MB for email attachments per use. And although it's a great business service, if you want to use something for basic emailing, Outlook might not be the best choice. Future US, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, There's also a great folder system that allows you to find a pot for every email to go in, and one of the best spam filters we tested. You should also consider whether or not you want to integrate other features into your email address. That can be both a good and bad thing. If you want more, we have a guide to the best web browsers and the best home computers too. There's also no inbox adverts, great virus scanning, and a 25MB attachment limit. The best free email services will offer different features and interfaces, and while most have apps that allow you to access your emails on a smartphone or tablet, not all of them do, so if this is important to you, do check before you sign up. (In fact, we even have a list of email providers that are good alternatives to Gmail. However, sending encrypted messages to those users isn't very straightforward. But if you're an Apple user who wants a simple, native app to use, it's a fine choice. © Storage limits range from 1GB to 2GB, with extra space available for an extra fee. Released in 2017, it uses first-rate end-to-end encryption, and also allows non-Tutanota users to send encrypted replies. They offer 25MB of storage space for free accounts, rising to 10GB for Premium and Business users. Google's popular email service has been linked to glaring privacy issues and other security risks – phishing, Netflix account hacks, etc. Of course, you might not be surprised that Gmail tops our list of the best email services. ExpressVPN: Save 49% | $6.67/month (was $12.95/month) Burn rubber, not cash, Cheers! New York, Founded in 2014, this is a service that seeks to implement complete anonymity, even encrypting stored email metadata. So, if you're thinking of making a switch, read on. Prize winner emails are always scams unless you specifically remember signing up for something. 08 October 2020. And, like it or not, you won't find the option to upgrade Mail to add more features. We followed a similar process to test the tools for attaching files and images to outgoing emails. Our favorite KitchenAid fridge is on sale at Best Buy, and it has an in-built wine rack, Save $50 on the Garmin Forerunner 245 Music, the best running watch for beginners, Be the biggest baller in your neighborhood with this discounted $4000 Samsung QLED TV. Oddly, Gmail comes with labels instead of folders. It'll keep your email secure, whether you're using a computer, cell phone or tablet – and with this exclusive offer you can get it almost half price, at just $6.67/month. The biggest differences between free and paid email services is the size of the files you're allowed to attach to outgoing mail, how many emails you can send per day, how much backup and inbox space you're given, and the level of customer support you can access. Outlook also offers one of the best mobile apps you can find, and it works with other email providers. Top Ten Reviews is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. That's fantastic value. Gmail users will still likely face less of a learning curve than Outlook users. NY 10036. If the name is a near misspelling of an established company, it's a scam. At $300 a month, you can store up to 30TB of data in Gmail. This is to cut down on spam messages sent with their services. Hurry! There's also integration with Skype and Microsoft Teams for messaging and video chat, and if you've used a Hotmail, Xbox, or MSN Messenger account in the past, you'll find setup almost instant. We also determined whether any functions from the desktop version were missing in the app. But if you're not sure which one is right for you, take a look at our best VPN service guide, where you'll find plenty of advice. Receive mail from us on behalf of our trusted partners or sponsors? The obvious choice for Apple ecosystem fans. The free package has 500 MB of storage, the entry-level paid option costs 2.50 EUR per month and offers 5 GB of storage, and the 7.50 EUR per month Pro package has 20 GB of storage. If you use an iPhone, iPad, or Mac computer, you'll likely have some experience with some version of Apple's Mail app. We check over 130 million products every day for the best prices. If you receive an email or call from someone claiming your computer is out of date, be very wary. LuxSci also offers archiving, hosting and filtering services that are geared towards business users. (Plus there's a 30-day money back guarantee if you don't like it. It's easy to write and send email messages with any service once you figure out where the New Message and Send buttons are. The UI is fairly easy to use, although users have reported issues with the search function. The best email service for multiple accounts. The company reckons that's enough for 6,000 years of emails. We've evaluated a range of leading email services to see which would be best for a variety of different use cases.
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2. Christian Hedonism is...well, I don't want to give away ending...I'll just say, it was better than I expected!
JJP sums it up well in the end; that knowing God is to know Christ as described in the Bible.
Bad points: regarding Moses & Abraham as just guys who happened by chance to do the things God called them to do. Also, favors for people should be considered an act of giving and not expecting in return.
Good points: Money is not evil. The love or focus on it no matter the cost is evil. Giving money should always be part of our lives. Giving ahead is a good concept/instruction.


Happy New Year, Variant Nation! We're kicking 2019 off right, with a look at our Most Anticipated Things coming to the world of Geekdom in the new year!
Tell us what you're most looking forward to in 2019 in the comments!


Willoughby's® is proud to be NYC's oldest photographic emporium serving consumers through three centuries! When famed lensman Charles Willoughby opened his camera shop in 1898, he probably never imagined it would carry the high-tech gizmos it does today. Over 110 years later Willoughby's still sells a large selection of cameras and photo equipment for every budget and skill level - from simple point and shoot models to high-end single-lens reflex cameras. Willoughby's also stocks a wide selection of camcorders for both the pro and consumer market and has a full selection of binoculars. Willoughby's is an authorized dealer for many top brands including; Nikon. Sony, Canon, Olympus, Sanyo, Panasonic, Leica, Swarovski, Pentax Sigma and more!
Willoughby's endeavors to ship out every order within one business day and to make your order a hassle free experience from beginning to end.
When in NYC visit our retail showroom located at 298 Fifth Avenue on the corner of 31st Street - two blocks south of the Empire State Building. Novices and professional photographers alike appreciate the knowledgeable salespeople and personalized service, hallmarks of New York City's oldest camera store. It's nice to know some things never change!
Have a question for Willoughby's Established 1898?
By Grizz on April 18, 2019.
Product exactly as described and arrived on time.
By Lisa P. on April 15, 2019.
Seems adequate but slightly larger than specifications.
By N. W. on April 13, 2019.
By Gregory J. on April 7, 2019.
By Cat Stinson on March 28, 2019.
By Willoughby's Established 1898 on template-response-date.


text:
package hello.model.generic;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.Indexed;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.DBRef;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;

@Document
public abstract class GenericCustomer<RC extends GenericCustomer> {

    @Id
    private Long id;

    @DBRef
    private RC referrer;

    @Indexed
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;

    public GenericCustomer(Long id, String firstName, String lastName, RC referrer) {
        super();
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.id = id;
        this.referrer = referrer;
    }

    public RC getReferrer() {
        return referrer;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "GenericCustomer{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", referrer=" + referrer +
                ", firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
                ", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
- Select year - 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 1999
Trend Arrow:
Tanzania received a downward trend arrow due to an increase in acts of extrajudicial violence by security forces, mob and vigilante violence, and violence against vulnerable groups including women, albinos, members of the LGBT community, and those at high risk of contracting HIV.
The year 2013 saw a general increase in acts of extrajudicial violence committed by security forces, mob and vigilante violence, and political violence. There was also an increase in violence against women, albinos, and people at risk of contracting HIV. Press freedom deteriorated due to the shutdown of key news outlets and an increase in attacks on journalists. Corruption continued to plague political and civilian life, with a number of new large-scale scandals exposed. New concerns also arose regarding a land rights dispute with the Maasai community and the revelation of the large-scale use of child labor in Tanzanian gold mining.
A draft constitution that proposed relatively revolutionary ideas was introduced in June, but the law that prompted the constitutional review was altered in September, making it likely the changes would not be implemented.
The president is elected by direct popular vote for a maximum of two five-year terms. A unicameral National Assembly (the Bunge), which currently has 357 members serving five-year terms, holds legislative power. Of these, 239 are directly elected in single-member constituencies, 102 are women chosen by political parties according to their representation, 10 are presidential appointees, 5 are members of the Zanzibar legislature, and the last is reserved for the attorney general. Zanzibar elects its own president and legislature, and maintains largely autonomous jurisdiction over the archipelago's internal affairs.
Despite some notable irregularities, the October 2010 elections were judged to be the most competitive and legitimate in Tanzania's history. While the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party retained its dominant position, winning 186 seats, the opposition gained its largest representation in Tanzania's history. The Civic United Front (CUF) took 24 seats and Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA) won 23. President Jakaya Kikwete of the CCM—first elected in 2005—was reelected with 61 percent of the vote, compared with 26 percent for CHADEMA's Wilibrod Slaa.
The National Electoral Commission and Zanzibar Electoral Commission maintain the electoral framework. Both are appointed by the president, and remain suspect institutions lacking in capacity and impartiality. In addition, the executive maintains the ability to appoint regional and district commissioners, who are influential during the election process. There was a significant decline in voter turnout during the 2010 elections, despite higher registration rates.
In 2013 the Tanzanian Constitutional Review Commission produced two draft constitutions (one in June and one in December). The most recent draft suggested a three-tiered federal state, fewer cabinet members, independent candidature, limits on executive appointment, and an explicit Bill of Rights. However, on September 6, the Constitution Review Act of 2011 was amended under protest from opposition parties to ensure that the Constituent Assembly, which debates the draft constitutions and ultimately approves the final version, would consist of legislators and presidential appointees. This potentially limited debate on the draft constitution, especially over controversial issues such as the future government structure. As of December 2013, the constituent assembly had not yet been convened.
The government began to make plans in 2013 to implement a biometric voter list that would address past issues with voter registration. By-elections for council seats in four wards in the Arusha region were held on July 14 and were generally peaceful, despite some reported issues with registration.
Tanzanians have the right to organize into political parties. Coalitions are prohibited, as is independent candidature. There are opportunities for opposition parties to increase their support, although they still face significant hurdles. Opposition parties are not denied registration or the right to organize, yet continue to report harassment. On June 15, 2013, four people were killed and dozens injured in a grenade attack at a CHADEMA rally in Arusha. Later that month, Tanzanian police banned a CUF demonstration in Dar es Salaam and apparently tortured six party members in Mtwara. In July, the registrar of political parties threatened to de-register CHADEMA.
There is a growing opposition vote and comparatively stable opposition parties. Despite the proliferation of opposition parties, the same five have consistently won parliamentary seats—the CUF, CHADEMA, National Convention for Construction and Reform–Mageuzi, Tanzania Labor Party, and United Democratic Party. The constitution also permits political parties to form "shadow governments" while in opposition.
People's choices are hindered by threats from military forces and the use of material inducements by the ruling party. During the 2010 elections, security forces issued a threatening statement largely perceived as a warning to opposition parties. Local CCM representatives are widely reported to use small bribes to influence voting.
Cultural, ethnic, religious, and other minority groups have full political rights, but parties formed on explicitly religious, ethnic, or religious bases are prohibited.
C. Functioning of Government: 8 / 12 (+1)
The government is not free from pervasive corruption, despite the presence of the Prevention and Combating Corruption Bureau (PCCB). Corruption is pervasive in all aspects of political and commercial life, but especially in the energy and natural resources sectors. Tanzania was ranked 111 out of 177 countries and territories surveyed in Transparency International's 2013 Corruption Perceptions Index. In 2013, a large-scale corruption scandal was revealed involving the Commodity Import Support project; the PCCB was scheduled to investigate 23 public institutions for corruption practices (without resolves as of December 2013). The PCCB also introduced a record 823 cases into court.
The government remains sporadically responsive to citizen input between elections and citizens have access to public information, although they are not necessarily influential. The parliament of Tanzania publishes legislation, committee reports, budgets, and Q&A sessions. Most recently, the Tanzania Constitutional Forum (TCF), a civil society organization, helped coordinate opposition to the amended Constitution Review Act and pressured Kikwete to veto the bill, but unsuccessfully.
Although the constitution provides for freedom of speech, it does not specifically guarantee freedom of the press. Independent media on mainland Tanzania have come under increasing pressure. Current laws allow authorities broad discretion to restrict media on the basis of national security or public interest. Difficult registration processes hinder print and electronic media. The Committee to Protect Journalists recorded 22 attacks or threats against members of the press in 2013; among the most notable incidents was the severe beating of New Habari reporter Absalom Kibanda in March. Members of the press report frequent intimidation, leading to self-censorship and a dearth of reporting on important issues like protests in the town of Mtwara in May and June. The ban on the newspaper MwanaHalisi—imposed in July 2012—continued, and in September the newspapers Mwananchi and Mtanzania were shut down for 14 and 90 days, respectively. Press freedom in Zanzibar is even more constrained. The Zanzibari government owns the only daily newspaper, and private media other than radio is nearly non-existent. Internet access, while limited to urban areas, is growing. The authorities monitor websites that are critical of the government.
Freedom of religion is generally respected. Relations between the various faiths are largely peaceful, though there have been periodic instances of violence. In May 2013, a Catholic church in Arusha was bombed, killing 3 people and injuring 60.
Tensions between Muslims and Christians on Zanzibar continued in 2013. The Zanzibar government appoints a mufti, a professional jurist who interprets Islamic law, to oversee Muslim organizations. Some Muslims have criticized this practice, arguing that it represents excessive government interference. In February, Father Evarist Mushi was shot at the entrance of his church in Zanzibar, and just two days later, Zanzibar's Evangelical Church of Siloam was set on fire. In three separate incidents between June and September, acid was thrown at Catholic priests in Zanzibar.
There are few government restrictions on academic freedom. People are generally able to engage in private discussions, yet the ruling party CCM maintains a system of party-affiliated cells in urban and rural areas, which theoretically are responsible for every 10 households. This provides the ruling party with an effective tool of public monitoring that is used to stifle freedom of expression.
The constitution guarantees freedoms of assembly, but the government can limit this right since all assemblies require police approval and critical political demonstrations are at times actively discouraged. A CUF demonstration was banned in June 2013, and a joint opposition rally was banned in September.
There is freedom for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and there are over 4,000 registered. While current law gives the government the right to de-register an NGO, there is little interference in NGO activity. Many, such as the Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) and Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania, publish reports that are critical of the government.
Trade unions are ostensibly independent of the government and are coordinated by the umbrella Trade Union Congress of Tanzania and Zanzibar Trade Union Congress. The Tanzania Federation of Cooperatives represents most of Tanzania's agricultural sector. Essential public services workers are barred from striking, and other workers are restricted by complex notification and mediation requirements. Strikes are infrequent on both the mainland and Zanzibar. In late August the Tanzanian-Zambian Railway Authority went on strike for two weeks.
F. Rule of Law: 9 / 16 (-2)
Tanzania's judiciary remains under political influence, and suffers from underfunding and corruption. All judges are political appointees, and the judiciary does not have an independent budget. There is therefore pressure from the executive regarding what cases the judiciary considers.
Rule of law does not always prevail in civil and criminal matters. Despite improvements, arrests and pretrial detention rules are often ignored. Prisons suffer from harsh conditions, including overcrowding and safety and health concerns. Security forces reportedly routinely abused, threatened, and mistreated civilians throughout 2013 with limited accountability. According to the LHRC, in the first half of 2013 at least 22 people were killed due to excessive force by security forces. Moreover, security forces were repeatedly unable to enforce rule of law; 597 deaths were reported due to mob violence, and 303 people accused of witchcraft people were killed.
Important segments of the population are not given equal treatment under the law or adequate protection from violence. Tanzania's albino population faced continued discrimination and violence in 2013. Consensual same-sex sexual relations are illegal and punishable by lengthy prison terms, and members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community face discrimination and police abuse. In 2013 Human Rights Watch reported an increase in the number of abuses committed by authorities against Tanzania's LGBT community, as well as against people at risk of contracting HIV. The report also uncovered a rise in cases of medical professionals refusing to treat or verbally abusing sex workers, LGBT people, and drug users.
Over 250,000 refugees from conflicts in neighboring countries reside in Tanzania. The 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Act has been criticized by NGOs and gives the police and immigration officials sweeping powers to arrest suspected illegal immigrants. In 2013, there was an increased crackdown on illegal immigration, including the deportation of nearly 4,000 people and several reported police abuses. Moreover, there has been increasing pressure to rapidly repatriate Rwandan refugees due to disputes with the Rwandan government over Tanzania's involvement in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Citizens generally enjoy freedom of travel, residence, employment, and education. However the prevalence of petty corruption can inhibit these freedoms.
Tanzanians have the right to establish private businesses, but often are required to pay petty bribes during the process. All land remains state-owned, and can only be leased to private entities. In 2013 nearly 70,000 Maasai living in the Loliondo region were threatened with eviction in order to create a new hunting ground licensed to the United Arab Emirates–owned OBC Corporation. In September 2013, after a strong public reaction, the plan was tabled.
Women's rights are constitutionally guaranteed but not uniformly protected. Traditional and Islamic customs frequently discriminate against women in family law, especially in rural areas and Zanzibar. Rape and domestic violence are reportedly common but rarely prosecuted. In 2013 there was a reported increase in gender-based violence, including an increase in female genital mutilation. The minimum female age for marriage is 15, but can be lower if customary law prevails. Trafficking of women and children from rural areas is also a growing concern.
Equality of economic opportunity is limited and there is continued economic exploitation. Poverty, especially in rural areas, impacts approximately 33 percent of the population. Most recently a 2013 Human Rights Watch report exposed the prevalent use of child labor in hazardous Tanzanian gold mines.


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Religión secular es un término utilizado para describir ideas, teorías o filosofías sin componente espiritual pero con muchas características similares a una religión.

Algunas de estas características son el dogma, un sistema de adoctrinamiento, la prescripción de un código absoluto de conducta, una narrativa de creación y fin de los hechos puramente narrativa, enemigos designados por terceras personas y devoción a una autoridad. Las "religiones" seculares operan llenando el hueco que la religión o autoridad religiosa ha dejado.

Ejemplos
Thomas Frank sugiere que el libre mercado se ha convertido en religión secular en Estados Unidos

El filósofo social Raymond Aron utiliza el término al hacer referencia al comunismo.

Gilley & Stanley (2008) usan el término señalando que el movimiento de Ernst Haeckel con su Monist League (Liga Monista), introdujo la teoría darwinista en Alemania, alegando que reemplazaría a las iglesias del país, especialmente de tradición cristiana. En sus palabras:

El filósofo de la ciencia Michael Ruse hace uso del término al debatir sobre la teoría de la evolución.

La bióloga estadounidense Lynn Margulis se ha referido al neodarwinismo como una "secta religiosa minoritaria del siglo XX, dentro de las extensas creencias religiosas de la biología anglo-sajona".

Religión política
La teoría de la religión política concierne a las ideologías gubernamentales cuyo respaldo cultural y político es tan fuerte que se dice que alcanzan un poder equivalente al de una religión de estado, con las que a menudo se aprecian similitudes significativas tanto en la teoría como en la práctica. Además de las formas básicas de la política, como un parlamento y unas elecciones, también mantiene un aspecto de 'sacralización' relacionado con las instituciones contenidas dentro del régimen, proporcionando las medidas internas tradicionalmente consideradas en el campo religioso, como la ética, los valores, símbolos, mitos, rituales, arquetipos, así como también, un calendario litúrgico nacional.

El 10 de noviembre de 1793, como una de las consecuencias de la Revolución Francesa, se prohibió el culto a Dios y se institucionalizó el culto a la Razón. Acababa de nacer la primera religión política moderna. Las organizaciones políticas religiosas, como el Partido Nazi, se adhirieron a la idealización del poder cultural y político en todo el país. El cuerpo eclesiástico del estado ya no mantuvo las prácticas de la identidad religiosa. Por eso, el nazismo fue contrarrestado por muchas organizaciones políticas y religiosas como una religión política, basada en el dominio que tenía el régimen nazi.

Las religiones políticas generalmente compiten con las religiones tradicionales existentes y pueden intentar reemplazarlas o erradicarlas. El científico político Hans Maier ha trabajado especialmente con este término.

Las sociedades totalitarias son quizás más propensas a la religión política, aunque diferentes académicos han descrito características de la religión política incluso en las democracias, como por ejemplo, la religión civil estadounidense (American civil religion) descrita por Robert Bellah en 1967. La religión política, otras veces, se trata como sinónimo o equivalente de religión civil, pero la mayoría ve una distinción útil, usando la 'religión civil' como algo más débil, que funciona más como una fuerza conservadora y unificadora socialmente, mientras que la religión política es radicalmente transformadora, incluso apocalíptica.

Descripción general
El término "religión política" está basado en la observación de que a veces las ideologías políticas o los sistemas políticos muestran características más comúnmente asociadas a la religión. Entre los principales académicos que se han acercado y estudiado estos fenómenos están William Connolly en ciencias políticas, Christoph Deutschmann en sociología, Emilio Gentile en historia u Oliver O'Donovan en teología. Una religión política a menudo ocupa el mismo espacio ético, psicológico y sociológico que una religión tradicional y, como resultado, puede desplazar o cooptar a las organizaciones y creencias religiosas existentes. El marcador más central de una religión política implica la "sacralización· de la política, como puede ser un sentimiento religioso arrollador al servir a la patria, o la devoción hacia los Padres Fundadores de los Estados Unidos.

Aunque una religión política puede apropiarse de las estructuras religiosas o el simbolismo existente, no tiene en sí misma ningún elemento espiritual o teocrático independiente, Es esencialmente secular y utiliza motivos y métodos religiosos con fines políticos, si no es que rechaza la fe religiosa por completo. Por lo general, una religión política se considera secular, pero las formas más radicales también son transcendentales.

Origen de la teoría

El filósofo Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) argumentaba que todas las sociedades necesitaban una religión para mantener unidos a los hombres. Debido a que el cristianismo tendía a alejar a los hombres de los asuntos terrenales, Rousseau defendía una 'religión civil' que supuestamente crearía los vínculos necesarios para la unidad política en todo el estado. El teólogo protestante suizo Adolf Keller (1872-1963) argumentaba que el marxismo en la Unión Soviética se había transformado en una religión secular. Antes de emigrar a los Estados Unidos, el filósofo político de origen alemán Eric Voegelin escribía un libro titulado Die politischen Religionen (Las religiones políticas). Otras contribuciones sobre 'religión política' (o términos asociados como 'religión secular', 'religión laica' o 'religión pública') fueron realizadas por Luigi Sturzo (1871-1959), Paul Tillich (1886-1965), Gerhard Leibholz (1901-1982), Waldemar Gurian (1902-1954), Raymond Aron (1905-1983) o Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). También se han visto esas 'religiones' como una respuesta al vacío existencial y al nihilismo causada por la modernidad, la sociedad de masas o el surgimiento de un estado burocrático, y en las religiones políticas, 'la rebelión contra la religión de Dios' alcanzó su punto culminante. También se las ha descrito como 'pseudo-religiones', 'religiones sustitutas', 'religiones sucedáneas', 'religiones manipuladas por el hombre' o 'anti-religiones'. El politólogo de Yale Juan Linz y otros han señalado que la secularización del siglo XX había creado un vacío que podría ser llenado por una ideología que reivindicara también cuestiones éticas e idénticas, haciendo que las religiones políticas se basasen en el totalitarismo, el universalismo y las misiones mesiánicas.

Una revista académica con el nombre de Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions (Movimientos totalitarios y religiones políticas) comenzó a publicarse en el 2000. Fue rebautizada como Politics, Religion & Ideology (Política, religión e ideología) en 2011 y es publicada por Taylor & Francis.

Véase también
 Ateísmo de estado
 Corrección política
 Culto a la personalidad
 Ética laica
 Moral sin religión
 Separación iglesia-estado

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Gentile, Emilio: Politics as Religion (2006) Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691113937.

Abandono de la religión
Laicismo
Religión y ateísmo
Religión y política

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