text:
Columba livia
domaci golob (Slovenian), pigeon biset domestique (French), kaljutuvi (Estonian), rock dove (English), paloma de castilla (Spanish), rock dove pigeon (English), pigeon (English), colom roquer (Basque), haitz-uso (Basque), kawara-bato (Japanese), gradski Golub (Croatian), pigeon domestique (French), sizy Golub (Russian), homing pigeon (English), bládúva (Faroese), paloma doméstica (Spanish), pigeon de ville (French), sizyj golub' (Russian), golub pecinar (Croatian), pigeon biset (French), rock pigeon (English), domestic dove (English), calmane creggey (Manx), colu'r aille (Gaelic, Irish), domestic pigeon (English), colomp salvadi (Friulian), colom roquer (Galician), feral rock pigeon (English), pomba brava (Gaelic, Irish), feral pigeon (English), dobato (Japanese), pecinar (Croatian), common pigeon (English), kesykyyhky (Finnish), carrier pigeon (English), piccione domestico (Italian), szirti galamb (Hungarian), kalliokyyhky (Finnish), piccione torraiolo (Italian), piccione selvatico semidomestico (Italian), Tkhakapuyt Aghavni (Armenian), klippedue (Danish), piccione (Italian), piccione selvatico (Italian), piccione terraiolo (Italian), calman-creige (Scots), pombo-das-rochas (Portuguese), div gulab (Macedonian), colom wyls (Cornish), kawarabato (Japanese), kolomm an garrek (Cornish), naminis karvelis (Lithuanian), kieminis (Lithuanian), colomba salvaria (Ladino), balandis (Lithuanian), pombo o pombo-doméstico (Portuguese), klinšu balodis (Latvian), bydue (Norwegian), tudun tal-gebel (Maltese), pombo da rocha (Portuguese), pustynnik (Polish), tzidu (Sardinian), columba selvadia (Romansh), columba da chasa (Romansh), tidu (Sardinian), columbu de is arrocas (Sardinian), columbu aresti (Sardinian), bákteduvvá (Northern Sami), porumbel de stânca (Romanian), golab miejski (Polish), bareski-golumbaika (Romany), columbu agreste (Sardinian), baresko-golumbo (Romany), agreste (Sardinian), tidori (Sardinian), didu (Sardinian), paloma casera (Spanish), rotsduif (Dutch), colomen y graig (Welsh), pichon (Breton), ruve (Fijian, Fiji), dubet (Breton), golab skalny (Polish), klippduva (Swedish), skalen g'l'b (Bulgarian), ziwy golub (Sorbian, Lower), Xixella (Catalan), golub pecinar (Serbian), divlji golub (Serbian), tamduva (Swedish), sizij golub (Ukrainian), colomen ddôf (Welsh), güvercin (Turkish), holub domácí (Czech), holub skalní (Czech), šyzy holub (Belarusian), colm aille (Gaelic, Irish), yuan ge (Chinese), dziwi holb (Sorbian, Upper), Felsentaube (German), paloma bravia (Spanish), paloma (Spanish), Verwilderte Haustaube (German), kolombo (Esperanto), Haustaube, Strassentaube (German), bjargdúfa (Icelandic), bládúgva (Faroese), húsdúfa (Icelandic), paloma común (Spanish), pëllumbi i egër i shkëmbit (Albanian)
Columba livia is native to Europe and has been introduced worldwide as a food source, or for game. These pigeons prefer to live near human habitation, such as farmland and buildings. They cause considerable damage to buildings and monuments because of their corrosive droppings. They also pose a health hazard, since they are capable of transmitting a variety of diseases to humans and to domestic poultry and wildlife.
Rock pigeons have a grey body with a whitish rump, two black bars on the secondary wing feathers, a broad blank band on the tail, and red feet. The body colour can vary from grey to white, tan, and black. Body mass is highly variable ranging from 243 to 359g (Johnston & Johnson 1989) and averaging 28cm in length (Williams & Corrigan 1994). When they take off, their wing tips touch, making a characteristic clicking sound. When they glide, their wings are raised at an angle (Williams & Corrigan 1994).
Eggs are laid 8 to12 days after mating, with a normal clutch size of 1 to 2 eggs, but up to 4. The eggs hatch after 16 to 21 days incubation and the young fledge at 4 to 6 weeks of age. More eggs are laid before the first clutch leaves the nest. Sexual maturity occurs after 6 months of age. In captivity, rock pigeons commonly live up to 15 years. In urban populations, however, rock pigeons seldom live more than 3 or 4 years (Johnston & Janiga 1995, Williams & Corrigan 1994).
Rock pigeons are kept and bred by pigeon fanciers for homing and racing competition (Robbins 1995) and in some locations such as Japan (Eguchi & Amano 2004) and the Galápagos Islands (Phillips et al. 2003) they are kept as a food source. In cities worldwide rock pigeons are a source of pleasure for many people who enjoy watching and feeding them.
Rock pigeons prefer human habitations and are commonly found around farm yards, grain elevators, feed mills, parks, city buildings, bridges, and other structures (Williams & Corrigan 1994). In some settings, rock pigeons will roost and nest in natural areas and make daily foraging flights of several kilometres (Baldaccini et al. 2000, Earle & Little 1993, Phillips et al. 2003).
Rock pigeons are monogamous. The male provides nesting material and guards the female and the nest. The young are fed pigeon milk, a liquid solid substance secreted in the crop of the adult (both male and female) that is regurgitated. Breeding may occur at all seasons, but peak reproduction occurs in the spring and fall. A population of rock pigeons usually consists of equal numbers of males and females (Williams & Corrigan 1994).
Rock pigeons are primarily granivorous, but will consume insects and other food items (Johnston & Janiga 1995). In rural areas, rock pigeons forage primarily in fields for grains, such as corn, wheat, barley, and oats. In winter when the ground is snow-covered, spilled grain at storage sites (e.g., silos and grain elevators) is an important food source. When available, high protein food items, such as peas, are preferred by rock pigeons. They mostly rely on free-standing water but can also use snow to obtain water (Williams & Corrigan 1994).
Europeans moving to new locations were a source of early introduced populations (Robbins 1995).Pigeons have been introduced as a food source (Eguchi & Amano 2004)
Principal source: Williams, D.E. and Corrigan, R.M. 1994 Pigeons (Rock Doves) in Hygnstorm, S.E., Timm, R.M. and Larson, G.E., Prevention and control of wildlife damage
Review: R. Brand Phillips, PhD Candidate Department of Biology University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
Recommended citation: Global Invasive Species Database (2019) Species profile: Columba livia. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1052 on 18-07-2019.
Rock pigeons are known to transmit pigeon ornithosis, encephalitis, Exotic Newcastle Disease, cryptococcosis, toxoplasmosis, salmonella food poisoning, and several other diseases (Weber 1979, Long 1981). Rock pigeons and their nests are infested with ectoparasites, such as ticks, fleas, and mites, which can cause health problems for humans (Dautel et al. 1991, Haag & Spiewak 2004).
Rock pigeon droppings can accelerate the deterioration of buildings and increase cost of maintenance (Haag 1995). Large amounts of droppings may kill vegetation and produce an objectionable odour. Around grain handling facilities, pigeons consume and contaminate large quantities of food destined for human or livestock consumption (Little 1994). Furthermore, rock pigeons located around airports can be a threat to human safety because of potential bird-craft collisions (Seamans et al. 2007). In the U.S. alone, they cause $1.1 billion dollars of damage in urban areas annually (Pimentel et al. 1999). In the Galápagos, the rock pigeon is the carrier of Trichomonas gallinae, a potentially fatal disease for endemic Galápagos doves and poultry (Harmon et al.1987).
Preventative measures: Several techniques are available to prevent rock pigeons from establishing in an area or to exclude them if they are already established (Williams & Corrigan, 1994). Habitat modification includes physically altering roosting and nesting sites and removing food and water sources. The latter two aspects are critical for long-term control and require cooperation from the public. Exclusion methods, such as blocking access to roost sites or installing anti-perching devices are effective. Rock pigeons can also be prevented from perching or roosting by applying various chemical repellents to these areas.
Physical: Williams & Corrigan (1994) suggested that frightening, repellents, trapping, shooting, and nest removal may be useful and practical approaches to manage rock pigeons in conjunction with habitat modification measures.
Chemical: Toxicants, including both oral and contact poisons, may also be used to control rock pigeons. Oral poisons require prebaiting before the toxicant can be applied and can pose significant risks to non-target species (Williams & Corrigan, 1994). Fumigants can also be used to control rock pigeons, however, they are generally not practical (Williams & Corrigan, 1994).
Please follow this link for more details about preventative measures, physical and chemical control methods Hygnstrom, et al. 1994.
Integrated management: Eradication campaigns have been carried out on Isabela, San Cristóbal and Santa Cruz islands using a combination of methods: shooting, catching them by hand, using baits laced with alpha-chloralose to stupefy them (Phillips, R. B., unpublished data).
Countries (or multi-country features) with distribution records for Columba livia
[1] american samoa
[2] angola
[1] anguilla
[22] argentina
[7] australia
[1] austria
[1] bahamas
[1] bangladesh
[1] barbados
[1] belgium
[6] belize
[1] bermuda
[1] bhutan
[8] bolivia
[1] botswana
[27] brazil
[1] brunei darussalam
[1] cambodia
[3] cameroon
[3] cayman islands
[13] chile
[28] colombia
[1] comoros
[8] costa rica
[15] cuba
[1] czech republic
[1] djibouti
[30] dominican republic
[22] ecuador
[13] el salvador
[1] fiji
[1] french guiana
[3] french polynesia
[1] gibraltar
[1] grenada
[1] guadeloupe
[22] guatemala
[10] guyana
[4] haiti
[17] honduras
[1] hong kong
[1] hungary
[24] india
[5] indonesia
[14] jamaica
[1] japan
[1] jersey
[1] kiribati
[1] lesotho
[1] liechtenstein
[1] madagascar
[1] malaysia
[1] maldives
[1] martinique
[1] mayotte
[31] mexico
[1] micronesia
[1] montserrat
[1] netherlands
[1] netherlands antilles
[1] new zealand
[16] nicaragua
[1] norfolk island
[9] panama
[1] papua new guinea
[16] paraguay
[24] peru
[1] portugal
[7] puerto rico
[1] saint helena
[1] saint kitts and nevis
[1] saint lucia
[1] saint pierre and miquelon
[1] saint vincent and the grenadines
[1] samoa
[1] singapore
[6] south africa
[2] spain
[1] sri lanka
[9] suriname
[1] swaziland
[1] switzerland
[1] taiwan
[1] thailand
[1] tonga
[1] trinidad and tobago
[1] turks and caicos islands
[16] uruguay
[19] venezuela
[1] wallis and futuna
[1] zimbabwe
ex-yugoslavia
Informations on Columba livia has been recorded for the following locations. Click on the name for additional informations.
Details of Columba livia in information
[1] Competition
[1] Rooting/Digging
[1] Environmental Ecosystem - Habitat
[1] Reduction in native biodiversity
[2] Socio-Economic
[1] Human nuisance
[1] Damage to ornamentals
Isabela Is.
San Cristobal Is.
Santa Cruz Is.
Management Category
18 references found for Columba livia
Cossios E. Daniel, 2010. Vertebrados naturalizados en el Per�: historia y estado del conocimiento (Naturalised vertebrates in Peru: history and state of knowledge) Rev. peru. biol. 17(2): 179 - 189 (Agosto 2010)
Summary: Available from: http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVrevistas/biologia/v17n2/pdf/a07v17n2.pdf [Accessed 23 February 2011]
Galapagos National Park and the Charles Darwin Foundation (GNP and CDF), 2004. Galapagos�Invasive�Species: Harmful animals.
Summary: It provides information about the management methods in eradication of pigeons in three island in galapagos.
Available from: http://www.hear.org/galapagos/invasives/topics/management/vertebrates/projects/doves.htm [Accessed 17 November 2006].
Phillips, R. B., Snell, H. L., and Vargas, H. 2003. Feral rock doves in the Galapagos Islands: biological and economic threats. Noticias de Galapagos 62:6-11.
Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.
Summary: This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories.
Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009]
Williams, D.E. and Corrigan, R.M. 1994. Pigeons (Rock Doves) in Hygnstorm, S.E., Timm, R.M. and Larson, G.E., Prevention and control of wildlife damage :E87-E96.
Summary: This article provides detailed information about general charateristics of Columba livia and the management method for control and prevention.
Available from: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook/69/ [Accessed 17 November 2006].
Avibase ( The World Bird Database), Online database Columbia livia
Summary: Avibase is an extensive database information system about all birds of the world, containing over 2 million records about 10,000 species and 22,000 subspecies of birds, including distribution information, taxonomy, synonyms in several languages and more.
Avibase is available from: http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?pg=home〈=EN
This page is available from: http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?pg=summary〈=EN&id=04127535BD0788BC&ts=1164602181109 [Accessed 17 November 2006].
Buden, D.W. 2000. A comparison of 1983 and 1994 bird surveys of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. In Wilson Bull 112(3): 403-410.
Summary: This article provieds a comparison of bird surveys done separately on Pohnper island in 1983 and 1994.
CONABIO. 2008. Sistema de informaci�n sobre especies invasoras en M�xico. Especies invasoras - Aves. Comisi�n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Fecha de acceso.
Summary: English:
The species list sheet for the Mexican information system on invasive species currently provides information related to Scientific names, family, group and common names, as well as habitat, status of invasion in Mexico, pathways of introduction and links to other specialised websites. Some of the higher risk species already have a direct link to the alert page. It is important to notice that these lists are constantly being updated, please refer to the main page (http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Portada), under the section Novedades for information on updates.
Invasive species - birds is available from: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Especies_invasoras_-_Aves [Accessed 30 July 2008]
La lista de especies del Sistema de informaci�n sobre especies invasoras de m�xico cuenta actualmente con informaci�n aceca de nombre cient�fico, familia, grupo y nombre com�n, as� como h�bitat, estado de la invasi�n en M�xico, rutas de introducci�n y ligas a otros sitios especializados. Algunas de las especies de mayor riesgo ya tienen una liga directa a la p�gina de alertas. Es importante resaltar que estas listas se encuentran en constante proceso de actualizaci�n, por favor consulte la portada (http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Portada), en la secci�n novedades, para conocer los cambios.
Especies invasoras - Aves is available from: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Especies_invasoras_-_Aves [Accessed 30 July 2008]
Eguchi, K. and Amano, H.E. 2004. Spread of exotic birds in Japan. In Ornithological Science 3:3-11.
Summary: This article provides information about the exotic birds introduced to Japan, the effects and impact caused by the introduction and the general legal control of the birds introduction.
Available from: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/osj/3/1/3/_pdf [Accessed 21 November 2006].
Forys, E.A. and Allen, C.R. 1999. Biological invasions and deletions: community change in south Florida. In Biological Conservation 87:341-347
Summary: This study used endangered and exotic fauna of South Florida to test three hypothesis about community change, which are body-mass difference hypothesis, diet difference hypothesis and niche replacement hypothesis.
ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), 2005. Online Database Columba livia
Available from: http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=177071 [Accessed 5 February 2008]
Post Fiji Web Site: Pigeons of Fiji Stamp Issue: www. stamps fiji.htm.
Robbins, C. S. 1995. Non-native birds. Pages 437-440 in LaRoe, E. T., Farris, G. S., Puckett, C. E., Doran, P. D., and Mac, M. J. ed. Our Living Resources. National Biological Service, Washington, D.C. xi, 530 pp.
Summary: This article presents the history and status of some non-native birds introduced to North America.
Ryan, P. 1999. Fiji�s Natural Heritage. Exile Publishing.
Schorger, A.W. 1952. Introduction of the domestic pigeon. Auk 69:462-463
Summary: It is an article to focus on the process of introduction of pigeon into United States.
Available from:http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v069n04/p0462-p0463.pdf [Accessed 21November 2006].
Trainor, C. R. 2002. The birds of Adonara, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia, Forktail 18: 93-100
Summary: This is a brief survey of avifauna on Adonara island.
Available from:http://orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/18pdfs/Trainor-Adonara.pdf [Accessed 21 November 2006].
Watling, D. 1999. Pocket poster guide to the Birds of Fiji. Landbirds.
Watling, D. and Pernetta, J.C. 1978. The Introduced and Native Terrestrial Vertebrates of Fiji. Pacific Science: Vol. 32, no. 3.
The following 0 contacts offer information an advice on Columba livia


text:
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namespace app\modules\main\components;

use app\modules\main\models\Permission;

/**
 * Class PermissionTrait
 * Предоставляет функциональность по проверке прав доступа
 * @package app\modules\main\components
 * @author Churkin Anton <webadmin87@gmail.com>
 */
trait PermissionTrait
{

    /**
     * Возвращает модель правил доступа
     * @return Permission
     */

    public function getPermission()
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Insurance jargon still confuses consumers
For most of the past year, insurers and health officials have been dedicated to ensuring individuals enroll in healthcare plans under the Affordable Care Act. Until the next open enrollment period begins, they are focusing on improving the health literacy of consumers, reports Kaiser Health News.
Many individuals struggle to understand industry jargon, such as deductibles, copays and premiums. "I have an education and I am not understanding this," Deb Emerson from Oroville, California, told KHN. "I wonder about people who don't have an education--how baffling this must be for them."
People who have low levels of health literacy are more likely to be hospitalized and use costly emergency rooms--only one in 10 people has an adequate level of health literacy, according to the U.S. Department of Education, notes KHN.
For example, 67 percent of individuals don't understand the meaning of coinsurance, according to a survey from the Washington University School of Medicine, reports the Philadelphia Inquirer. The survey questioned 51 low-income, uninsured adults before ACA enrollment opened last October.
Without health literacy, healthcare reform success may be difficult to achieve, FierceHealthPayer previously reported.
To better educate their new consumers, many insurers are taking more personalized measures to ensure members understand insurance terms. Philadelphia-based Independence Blue Cross created "Health Care and You," an online dictionary that clearly defines industry lingo, notes the Inquirer.
The insurer uses methods like real-life examples to better explain terminology. "We take people through an actual episode of care and show them what it means to get a referral, how to use a tier-one provider, and how to have a conversation with a doctor," said Paula Sunshine, vice president for consumer affairs at IBC.
Insurers across the country are implementing tools to address the problem, such as offering workshops, holding webinars and sending out welcome kits that include clear and simple language, notes KHN. For example, Minneapolis-based UnitedHealthcare developed a "Happiness Counts" kit that informs seniors--via postcards, journals and other information--on how to best manage and take care of their health.
- here's the KHN article
- read the Inquirer piece

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
ATF, Litigation, Snipers, DGUs, NRA Meeting
18-Dec-2020 18-Dec-2020 / By Jeff Pittman / Leave a Comment
Remember, there may be little or no 2A News for the next two weeks due to holidays and laziness. Merry Christmas y'all.
Did you send some money to help with the U.S. Senate runoffs in Georgia? Yes, you will get a bunch of spam emails if you donate. Doesn't matter. Donate anyway. It seems to be helping.
Support – Kelly Loeffler
Support – David Perdue
Time to re-up
It's the end of the year, the time when I renew annual memberships and make donations to various pro-rights groups. Please consider doing the same.
Jack booted thugs
About the ATF's raids on Polymer80 and others, including customers:
CNN Puts Narrative Ahead Of Facts In Polymer80 "Ghost Gun" Case
Polymer80 Refuses California's Subpoena To Turn Over Customer Information
ATF Internal Leaks Shows An Even Greater Crack Down On 80% Frames
GHOSTED: ATF Visiting End Users; Requesting Forfeiture Of Polymer80 Kits
Stamps.com & Authorize.net Rat-Out Polymer80's Customers, ATF Raid Reason
Polymer80 Warrant – Handguns, Customer Records, Prohibited Persons
After Colluding with Biden, BATFE Raids Polymer80
The Firearms Policy Coalition has issued the following statement:
"If you own a Polymer80 'Buy Build Shoot' kit or similar PLEASE let our attorneys know – ASAP hotline@fpchq.org – if you would be willing to help us litigate this issue! **Especially seeking potential plaintiffs in AL, GA, FL, MI, OH, MS, LA, TX, ND**"
Legal advice on your 80% receivers.
You can take action here.
ATF moves forward with illegal gun registration scheme:
ATF to Publish 'Factors for Classifying Guns with Stabilizing Braces'
SB Tactical: Proposed ATF Brace Regulations Nothing More Than Registration Scheme
SCOTUS & litigation
Justice Barrett & SCOTUS let one go by.
Supreme Court decision highlights absurdity of "no fly, no buy" gun control proposals.
The NRA-ILA and the New York State Rifle and Pistol Association (NYSRPA) have appealed the case NYSRPA v. Corlett, which challenges New York's illicit and restrictive requirement for CCW license applicants to demonstrate "proper cause" to carry a firearm, to the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, school board has been sued again for trying to regulate BB guns in people's homes. As I've said before, the board members and complicit school officials should also be criminally prosecuted.
Smith & Wesson has sued New Jersey Attorney General Gurbir Grewel (I did not make that up) in U.S. District Court in New Jersey over his widespread crusade against the firearms industry. It appears S&W is back. S&W's parent company sales are up over 65% so far this quarter, compared to the same quarter last year. That may be more reflective of manufacturing and distribution capacity than of demand.
Government railroading
GA Rep. Asks President Trump to Pardon Former FBI Agent Railroaded on Gun Charges
Evil, cowardly, communist U.S. government officials who attempt these sorts of outrages should be charged, tried, convicted, and permanently punished.
Quack doctors
It's Time to Play 'Out the Gunquack!'
If your church doesn't have on-duty police on its front steps, you probably need to make other, equivalent arrangements.
Gunman shot dead by police at NYC church after concert; no one else wounded
NYC cathedral gunman's note says he planned to take hostages
A homeowner shot all four armed men who broke into his house – two of them fatally. The surviving suspects face murder charges for their accomplices' deaths.
Failure-to-stop reminder
Failure Drill: A Proven Strategy To Stop An Attacker
John Farnam
Guns Break!
NYC & Chicago
Did you know? In New York City, that "safe" bastion of gun control, over three thousand arrested, booked, gun-packing, repeat offenders were instantly released (so far in 2020) with no bail, fees, or whatever. Gee, I wonder what they're doing now? Shootings in NYC are up 330% in the last week compared to the same time last year.
Meanwhile in Chicago, the violent crime rate doubles on the public transportation rail system, in spite of stepped-up police and far fewer riders. It seems that in spite of them actually admitting that "people engaging in crime and gang members" commit crimes, they haven't actually learned that. Maybe they should pass a law.
Don't like the ATF? Call the local cops on them.
Former Marine sergeant smuggled guns to Haiti in plot to train army and become president.
Former Houston, TX, police captain Mark Anthony Aguirre, 63, allegedly ran a man off the road and held him at gunpoint, falsely believing he was in possession of hundreds of thousands of fraudulent election ballots. Aguirre is charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
War and Peace Heroes
Snapshots — little things that can outshine "the big picture"
National Guard Snipers
National Guard snipers crushed the competition, beating even elite special operations sharpshooters in a test of their skills
2021 NRA meeting rescheduled
The National Rifle Association's 2021 Annual Meetings and Exhibits will be held September 3-5, 2021. Originally scheduled for mid-May, the event will remain in Houston, Texas at the George R. Brown Convention Center. See www.nraam.org for updates and the latest information.
How Tanks got named
On 24 December 1915, a meeting took place of the Inter-Departmental Conference (including representatives of the Director of Naval Construction's Committee, the Admiralty, the Ministry of Munitions, and the War Office). Its purpose was to discuss the progress of the plans for what were described as "Caterpillar Machine Gun Destroyers or Land Cruisers."
In his autobiography, Albert Gerald Stern (Secretary to the Landships Committee, later head of the Mechanical Warfare Supply Department) says that at that meeting "Mr. (Thomas J.) Macnamara (M.P., and Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty) then suggested, for secrecy's sake, to change the title of the Landships Committee. Mr. d'Eyncourt agreed that it was very desirable to retain secrecy by all means, and proposed to refer to the vessel as a 'Water Carrier.' In Government offices, committees and departments are always known by their initials. For this reason I, as Secretary, considered the proposed title totally unsuitable. In our search for a synonymous term, we changed the word 'Water Carrier' to 'Tank,' and became the 'Tank Supply' or 'T.S.' Committee. That is how these weapons came to be called Tanks," and incorrectly added, "and the name has now been adopted by all countries in the world." (from Wikipedia)
Ruger is expanding its North Carolina facility, presumably to add production of Marlin rifles. Hurry up.
2A News support credit
I wanted to give a shout out to Mike Allen of Businesswright Consulting LLC. You may have noticed the tag on the emails. Mike takes my content and prepares and sends it in the weekly 2A News email, and posts it on the 2anews.net website, which he maintains. All of that is at no cost to us. Thanks Mike.
Smart Choices – for your kids.
For 2021, Lapua is adding new cartridge cases in 6.5 PRC, .284 Win., .300 PRC, and .300 Win. Mag.
The IFLR-15 (Integrated Folding Lower Receiver) from 17 Design & Manufacturing works with standard AR15 components and has a folding stock mechanism machined directly into the lower receiver. All wearable parts are made from S7 tool steel. Around $250.
Democracy = Mob Rule


*Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Teaching Excellence, Marie Mount Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: 301-404-9368. Fax: 301-314-0385. E-mail: [email protected].
Quality learning is fostered when faculty members are aware of and address student expectations for course learning activities and assessments. However, faculty often have difficulty identifying and addressing student expectations given variations in students' backgrounds, experiences, and beliefs about education. Prior research has described significant discrepancies between student and faculty expectations that result from cultural backgrounds (1), technological expertise (2), and 'teaching dimensions' as described by Trudeau and Barnes (4). Such studies illustrate the need for tools to identify and index student expectations, which can be used to facilitate a dialogue between instructor and students. Here we present the results of our work to develop, refine, and deploy such a tool.
Survey results for a 200-level General Microbiology class. The black bars show the percentage of students who expected the pedagogical tool to be used in the class. The gray bars show the percentage of students reporting that the tool was important (valued) for their learning.


I am reading several books at the moment, although I am not making a lot of progress on any of them. I am continuing with reading the Lorien Legacies series by Pittacus Lore (which due to my spotty blogging of late, I may not have ever mentioned), with The Fall of Five, the fourth book of the series. As you may have seen from my post yesterday, I am also reading Throne of Glass by Sarah J. Maas. I came to this one for the Seasonal Reading Challenge over on Goodreads, where for this task, I had to choose a book off the "It's All About the Swords" list. I am also re-reading a couple of books – An Abundance of Katherines by John Green, because I wanted something lighter to read at night, and The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, because I wanted to read something along with Mark Reads again.
Since I'm trying to read multiple things at once to catch up on my Goodreads goal (it's still not going to happen, but I want to try and at least make the attempt), there are a few of these. I read Divison of the Marked by March McCarron and re-read Feed by Mira Grant, both for the Seasonal Reading Challenge. I also finished Pittacus Lore's third Lorien book, The Rise of Nine.
Definitely the fifth Lorien book, The Revenge of Seven. I will also continue reading with Mark Reads, so that means I will continue with Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins. The next book I plan to read for the Seasonal Reading Challenge is Exalted by Tara Elizabeth.
So there are my WWW answers for the week, much more lengthy than most of mine are. Moving on to our Banned Book Week question for the day!
I've been so lucky to have some amazing teachers who have inspired me to read, but the person who most influenced my love of books would have to be my mom. We spent a whole lot of time at the library, which is always fun, but she encouraged me to expand my book collection. Ah, those were the days. The Baby-Sitter's Club. Sweet Valley High (and before that, Sweet Valley Twins). She was always (or at least most of the time) willing to run me out to the book store to pick up the latest installment.
Please let me know what you are reading and who inspired you to be the reader you are today!
I've only read one John Green book: The Fault in Our Stars. I have Paper Towns, but haven't read it yet. I am curious about An Abundance of Katherines.
Paper Towns is my favorite of John Green's books. An Abundance of Katherines is probably my least favorite, but it's still good.
Good to hear you like An Abundance of Katherines. I have it at home and haven't gotten around to reading it yet. Happy reading and thanks for participating in WWW Wednesday!
I enjoyed it, even if it wasn't my favorite of his books. My favorite John Green book is definitely Paper Towns.


Tourstart which is a free of charge web site for motorcyclists, are being heavily supported by the Danish motorcyclists. Tourstart is founded on the idea that motorcyclists from the entire world, free of charge can share motorcycle activities, motorcycle tours and plan tours as well as easy transfer to the GPS.
Since Tourstart exhibited on the motorcycle exhibition in February 2011 in Herning, Denmark, Tourstart has been growing very fast. The Danish motorcyclists have well received Tourstart, and already now there are users from several other countries, among the users many from Germany.
It is not only a great advantage for the Danish motorcyclists that Tourstart will get more users from Germany. It is also an advantage for the German motorcyclists, as both parties make tours from their local areas as well as from their holiday destinations, and hereby we can all share and enjoy the interesting destinations, and hereby get more pleasant and interesting motorcycle tours.
Toustart will exhibit on the Hamburger Motorrad Tage, which takes place from 27th to 29th January 2012. All motorcyclists, both German and Danish are very welcome to visit our booth. Plan your route to HMT with Tourstart.
Please do not hesitate to contact Tourstart, should you have any questions.


text:
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import sys

def get_columns_width(rows):
    width = {}
    for row in rows:
        for (idx, word) in enumerate(map(unicode, row)):
            width.setdefault(idx, 0)
            width[idx] = max(width[idx], len(word))
    return width

def pprint_table(rows):
    rows = list(rows)
    width = get_columns_width(rows)

    def print_separator():
        if not rows:
            return
        sys.stdout.write('+')
        for (idx, word) in enumerate(map(unicode, rows[0])):
            sys.stdout.write('-{sep}-+'.format(sep=('-' * width[idx])))
        print ''

    print_separator()
    for row_idx, row in enumerate(rows):
        sys.stdout.write('|')
        for (idx, word) in enumerate(map(unicode, row)):
            sys.stdout.write(' {word:{width}} |'.format(word=word, width=(width[idx]))),
        print ''
        if row_idx == 0:
            # We just printed the table header
            print_separator()
    print_separator()

def pprint_kv(items, separator=':', padding=2, offset=0, skip_empty=True):
    if not items:
        return
    width = max([len(item[0]) for item in items if item[1] or not skip_empty]) + padding
    for item in items:
        (key, value) = item
        if not value:
            continue
        if isinstance(value, list) or isinstance(value, tuple):
            print '{align}{0}:'.format(key, align=' ' * offset)
            pprint_kv(value, offset=offset + 2)
        else:
            print'{align}{key:{width}}{value}'.format(
                align=' ' * offset,
                key='{0}{1}'.format(key, separator),
                value=value,
                width=width)


Patients often present with mucositis some days after their chemotherapy when they have been discharged. Mucositis can be extremely painful and opiate analgesia is often required. Mucositis can also be complicated by secondary infection (see: Stomatitis) especially with candida or HSV and swabs should be considered. This can be discussed with the paediatric oncologist on call during working hours.
Mucositis from chemo - or radiotherapy.
AML (particularly M4/5) may present with gingival infiltration.
Hands-on help with mouth care if mucositis severe or patient uncooperative.
Initial (and continuing) education of child and parents.
Patients are seen by a dentist after diagnosis but any dental therapy should be derferred until the neutrophil count is > 1.0 x 109/l unless it is very urgent.
Teeth should be cleaned twice daily (after meals, if eating) with a small-headed, soft toothbrush and mild fluoride toothpaste.
Older children should floss teeth once daily. Low neutrophil and platelet counts are not a contraindication.
Rinse mouth with tap water after eating.
The majority of children will only require basic oral hygiene. However, some may require additional measures.
Add fluconazole if not already taking this.
If patient is on either fluconazole or itraconazole already, consider mycology swab to assess antifungal activity against the candida strain.
This occurs following the administration of some types or combinations of chemotherapy due to interruption in the replication of mucosal epithelial cells.
conditioning treatment for stem cell transplant incorporating TBI with chemotherapy.
It typically occurs when the patient becomes neutropenic, i.e., 7 - 10 days after start of chemotherapy block, but can occur very early with HD IV methotrexate and high dose melphalan.
Nutrition - Enteral feeding (even 5 ml/hr) has been shown to be protective for gut mucosa. Once mucositis is severe, an NG cannot be inserted so discuss NG nutrition with parents early in the chemotherapy course.
Diarrhoea associated with mucositis rarely needs treatment. Loperimide is the first line treatment if diarrhoea associated with mucositis does require treatment. Octreotide may be useful as second line therapy.
-sucralfate should not be used to treat oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
Chlorhexidine Mouthwash - commence when oral assessment score is > 10. Use chlorhexidine 0.2% (Perioguard) tds. If also using nystatin, use at least 1 hour apart as chlorhexidine inactivates nystatin.
Consider using prophylactic antifungal therapy.
Lalla R V, Bowen J, Barasch A, et al. MASCC = ISOO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Mucositis Secondary to Cancer Therapy. 2014:1453-1461. doi:10.1002/cncr.28592.
Peterson et al on behalf of the ESMO guidelines working group. Management of oral and gastrointestinal mucositis:ESMO clinical recommendations. Annals of oncology 2009; 20 (supp 4):174 - 177.