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National Park Service Wants New Wolves For Isle Royale
John Myers
DULUTH, Minn. — Isle Royale's decimated wolf population should get a life-saving infusion of 20 to 30 new wolves, National Park Service officials announced Friday.
The Park Service released its draft report on what to do about the Lake Superior island's wolf population that has been slowly declining due to inbreeding and genetic deformities, and is now down to just two animals.
Scientists with Michigan Technological University who have been studying the island's wolves and moose populations for 58 years have said for years that the wolves need new blood or they face extinction.
Now, the Park Service appears ready to take that step.
Some people had suggested that the Park Service stay out of the situation and let the island's wolves run their course, saying the definition of federal wilderness is an area not impacted by human action.
But others say the problems wolves face — including climate change and vastly diminished Lake Superior ice cover, which makes it less likely for new wolves to come to the island — show humans already are having an impact.
"This is about more than wolves," Park Superintendent Phyllis Green said. "It's about the entire park ecosystem and where it is heading in the future with changing conditions. This is a complex issue to address. We have sought input from subject matter experts to evaluate the situation, and we would like to hear from the public on the current draft plan."
The wolf report, a full-fledged environmental impact statement conducted over the past two years, is now open for public comment through March 15. The plan, if adopted, would see wolves trapped elsewhere and transplanted to the island "immediately" and continuing over three years.
The National Parks Conservation Association said it supports the Park Service plan, saying "bringing new wolves to the park will ensure a sustainable population and help balance the delicate ecosystem at Isle Royale National Park."
"Wolves play a critical role as the top predator on the island, and their dwindling numbers have resulted in a rising moose population," said Christine Goepfert, the group's Midwest Region program manager. "In the absence of a predator, the moose population will continue to grow, which could devastate the island native vegetation, eliminating their food source as well as that of other species on the island."
In addition to the preferred alternative of introducing up to 30 wolves immediately to bolster the population, the Park Service considered a no-action alternative and a slower reintroduction, starting with just six to 15 wolves and waiting to see what happened.
Wolves are relatively new to the island, having crossed the ice in 1949. Their numbers reached a high of 50 in 1980, and 24 wolves roamed the island as recently as 2009.
But the two wolves remaining on Isle Royale are six and eight years old while the life expectancy of wolves on the island has been just four.
Moose came to the island around 1900, peaking at 2,445 in 1995 and hitting bottom at just 385 in 2007. In their annual survey last winter scientists estimated the moose herd had grown to 1,300 on the 45-mile long, 143,000-acre island located about 15 miles off Minnesota's North Shore.
Without more wolves, scientists say, the moose will continue to increase and cause environmental damage across the island.
Isle Royale National Park officials in 2014 started an environmental review process on what, if anything, to do about the matter. In March, the National Park Service, at the urging of some, including members of Congress, was narrowing its scope of the review in order to expedite the question of whether to bring wolves to Isle Royale in the near term.
The draft report can be seen at parkplanning.nps.gov/isrowolves. A limited number of hard copies are available at park headquarters as well as public libraries in Duluth and Superior, and in Houghton and Marquette, Mich.
Public meetings are expected to be held in coming weeks in the Twin Ports and in Michigan.
Comments may be submitted online at parkplanning.nps.gov/isrowolves or sent to: Superintendent Phyllis Green, Isle Royale National Park, ISRO Wolves, 800 East Lakeshore Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1896.
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For Can Makers
Can Maker information
Can Awards
Asia CanTech 2020, The Virtual Show
Conference Presentations 2019
Asia CanTech 2019 – Bangkok
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Asia CanTech 2013 – Surabaya
Asia CanTech Awards 2011
Asia CanTech 2011, Ho Chi Minh City
Asia CanTech 2014 Review
Posted: 29 October 2014
Asia CanTech 2014, the premier conference for the metal packaging industry, took place in Bangkok in October of this year. Here are the highlights.
27-29 October 2014 saw the convergence of the industry's best and finest at the Royal Orchid Sheraton Hotel & Towers in Bangkok, Thailand.
The event was the 12th of its kind and saw a record number of delegates and exhibitors in attendance, with some 370+ gathering at the venue to take in the many and varied presentations scheduled over the three days, as well as over 60 table top exhibition stands.
Day one saw registration open at 12.00, with the exhibition space opening at 14.00 local time. The bustle in the room was immediately apparent, as conversations were struck up over existing equipment and innovations alike. The industry, although large, sees many of the same faces around the world, and many new ones too, and it is always our aim to facilitate both ongoing and new conversations between can makers and suppliers.
The evening was testament to this as the cocktail reception and networking dinner began at 19.00 on the warm terrace by the river. Not even the somewhat expected heavy rain would dampen the mood, and again the conversation flowed through until late into the evening.
Day two, following a few words of welcome from Conference Director Neil McRitchie, opened with a presentation from keynote speaker Craig Jones, sector director for beverage cans (AMEA) at Rexam. Craig noted that Rexam produced 62bn cans in 2013 and that "while we may not be associated with James Bond technologies, make no mistake, we are about quality."
He went on to highlight the importance of sustainability within the metal packaging industry and commented that Rexam is judged not just on financial performance but also on its business practices. The company joined the sustainability benchmark in 2013 and, Craig told us, will be focusing heavily on delivering and exceeding their targets going forward.
Following a presentation by Applied Vision's Jeff Hartung on the importance of early detection of flaws, during which he outlined the highly efficient DecoMaster Color Blanket Inspection system, Michael Tshol of SPG Prints looked at a variety of packaging options available in the market and explained why, in his opinion, the two-piece can in the best all-round option. "In general, plastic waste has a bad name," he said. "Bottles are handy, and in Europe you can return them to the store to get your deposit back, but transportation costs are high."
After the networking coffee break, Larry Lau of Sencon addressed the delegation with his presentation on the critical importance of measuring systems when it comes to process control. He looked closes at gauges, and how their performances must improve as tolerances tighten. He remarked: "The more capable the gauge, the better decisions we can make."
Larry was followed by Siegfried Christ of Mall//Herlan, who highlighted trends in the packaging sector, even going so far as to call certain innovations 'sexy.' Siegfried looked at the flexibility his company can offer its customers and how they adapt to their needs and requirements. "We usually receive an idea from a customer and we then develop this from start to finish in-house," he said.
It was interesting to hear his positive views on D&I aluminium bottles, remarking as he did on their ability to combine the premium of glass with the convenience of the can.
Xiamen Baofeng were also in attendance, and David Williamson gave us an update on the company's growth in recent years. Today they have seven shell presses with a capacity in 2014 of 17bn. "You can't call yourself world class without delivering world class quality," he said. "We react to customer requirements and re-tool to respond to demand." The company is now fully accredited by Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Heineken and has sales exceeding 1bn ends per month and rising.
Another can maker, ORG Packaging, was represented by Shunying Yang. The company was the first to use polymer laminated steel in China and has a philosophy that encapsulates innovation, green values and safety consciousness. The firm is looking to expand capacity in order to meet market demand and will look to establish several overseas agents in the very near future.
Of the many and varied speakers present at the event, a high number represented the field of inspection technology. Greg Frisby of Sensory Analytics gave us a detailed insight of the Specmatrix system and how it can help to significantly reduce costs, and Mark Mohn of Prime Controls spoke of the importance of detecting such things as pinhole defects and double ends using sensing and control technology.
Thomas Duve of CMC-Kuhnke rounded off the presentations for day one before the Technical Forum, again looking at the benefits of quality control. The company has over 250 active products in the can industry, with equipment that apparently allows customers to regain control of their processes.
Finally, Mike Raderchak and Greg Williams of Stolle Machinery opened the technical forum. The presentations looked at what they called 'The End Game' and provided an overview on problem solving when it comes to end manufacture.
It was interesting to learn about how savings can be made without compromising on quality and there is still room for this according to Mike and Greg. From a cost perspective, 89 per cent of the cost of a shell lies in the metal, so by reducing the metal it stands to reason that you can save money. Of course, lightweighting can lead to issues in manufacture. For example, reducing the centre panel and the gauge can cause seaming issues and microwrinkles, which apparently can be alleviated with the use of Enhanced Rotary Curling.
Day two also saw the Asia CanTech Awards Gala Dinner. This year the categories were: Aerosols, Beverage two-piece, Beverage three-piece, Decorative/Speciality, Ends/Caps/Closures, Food 2=two-piece, Food three-piece, General Line and Innovation. Not forgetting, of course, the Supreme Can Award.
The winners were as follows:
Supreme Award Winner:
Swan Industries – Zola Coco Espresso can
Category winners:
Two-piece Beverage
STI-Can – Delster Can
Decorative/Speciality
Benjamit Packaging – Moccona Trio Box
Swan Industries – Glade Can
Three-piece Food
Sinar Djaja Can – Royal Gdansk cookie tin
Three-piece Beverage
General Line
Tinpak Ltd – Vintage Teas Christmas Cheer can
Crown Asia Pacific Holdings Ltd – Laminate Pail
Ends, caps & Closures
Sinar Djaja Can – Almithali easy-open end
Day three opened with keynote speaker Thongchai Oranrigsupak from Benjamit Packaging. Thongchai spoke at length about how Thailand aims to be the 'kitchen of the world' and the role metal packaging plays on the road to achieving this goal. He looked not only at Benjamit's business, but also at that of the Thai Can Cluster as a whole, of which he is a senior figurehead.
The morning featured a number of presentations, among which was Hans Hoffman's of Vision Experts. He spoke of the company's VE4000+ Metal, which detects everything from hickeys, ink splashes and spots to water and oil drops, smearing and dirt.
"It is very important to find defects early and to stop them," he said.
Johan Jonkmann of VMI followed, maintaining the already emerged theme of quality checks across the board, from purchasing to production, before Marcus Greenbrook of GEW spoke to us on the topic of UV systems for metal decorating.
"High intensity is key to a UV curing system," he said. "You can liken it to banging a nail into a piece of wood. You would take a big hammer and hit it once, as opposed to a small hammer and hitting it several times."
Greg Pickert of Pride Engineering then gave a troubleshooting presentation looking into the problem of split or cracked domes, followed by Bud Patel of Pressco Technology. Bud's enthusiastic presentation covered 100 per cent inspection and hoe it can become a reality for his customers.
Andrew Truelove gave an overview of CMB Engineering, a stalwart company from our native United Kingdom, before Simon Jennings of International Patents & Brands Corporation delivered a very interesting talk on consumer perception when it comes to beverage cans. The statistics he discussed were very enlightening to say the least.
He commented: "To me, the beverage can is the best single-serve packaging in the world."
Day three was concluded by Daniel Hilfiker of Pnemofore SpA, who looked at the value of using air compressors and vacuum pumps as opposed to water cooled equipment. He looked in particular at the hot climate versions of his company's rotary vane compressors and UV series vacuum pumps.
Overall, the trend or theme that emerged over the course of the conference was one of the need to ensure quality across all mediums. From purchasing raw materials, right up to the finished products, each stage has to be as perfect as it can be to ensure 100 per cent customer and consumer satisfaction. Only by observing this mantra of quality can the industry as a whole continue to progress as impressively as it has over the years.
Just when you think you're as streamlined as it's possible to be, something new will crop up to convince you otherwise. This is why we put on events such as this – to continue to promote the sharing of ideas and experiences across the industry, and to ensure that you are as up-to-date and current with what's available to you as you can possibly be.
The presentations given are available (for the most part) on request via events manager Megan Freeman ([email protected]).
On behalf of the team, we would like to thank everyone who attended, exhibited and or gave a presentation in Bangkok. We are incredibly pleased with the event and hope that our goal was achieved – for everybody to come away with something of real use to them and their organisation, be it a deal, a contract, or simply a new business contact.
We look forward to seeing you all again next year.
Asia CanTech 2021, 25-27th October 2021, Bangkok.
Asia CanTech is the conference and exhibition for can makers and fillers in the Asia-Pacific Region.
Bell Publishing
Bell Publishing Ltd
The Maltings
57 Bath Street
Kent DA11 0DF
© Bell Publishing, 2021. Website design and development by e-Motive Media Limited.


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Volume 6, Number 3—June 2000
Remote Sensing and Human Health: New Sensors and New Opportunities
Lyme Disease in the Northeastern United States
Cholera in Bangladesh
Sensor Evaluation Project 2
Urban Features
Article & Appendices
RIS [TXT - 2 KB]
Metric Details
EID Journal Metrics on Scopus
Louisa R. Beck*† , Bradley M. Lobitz†, and Byron L. Wood†
Author affiliations: *California State University, Monterey Bay, California, USA; †NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
Since the launch of Landsat-1 28 years ago, remotely sensed data have been used to map features on the earth's surface. An increasing number of health studies have used remotely sensed data for monitoring, surveillance, or risk mapping, particularly of vector-borne diseases. Nearly all studies used data from Landsat, the French Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. New sensor systems are in orbit, or soon to be launched, whose data may prove useful for characterizing and monitoring the spatial and temporal patterns of infectious diseases. Increased computing power and spatial modeling capabilities of geographic information systems could extend the use of remote sensing beyond the research community into operational disease surveillance and control. This article illustrates how remotely sensed data have been used in health applications and assesses earth-observing satellites that could detect and map environmental variables related to the distribution of vector-borne and other diseases.
Remote sensing data enable scientists to study the earth's biotic and abiotic components. These components and their changes have been mapped from space at several temporal and spatial scales since 1972. A small number of investigators in the health community have explored remotely sensed environmental factors that might be associated with disease-vector habitats and human transmission risk. However, most human health studies using remote sensing data have focused on data from Landsat's Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and France's Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT). In many of these studies (Table 1), remotely sensed data were used to derive three variables: vegetation cover, landscape structure, and water bodies.
International space agencies are planning an estimated 80 earth-observing missions in the next 15 years (29). During these missions >200 instruments will measure additional environmental features such as ocean color and other currently detectable variables, but at much higher spatial and spectral resolutions. The commercial sector is also planning to launch several systems in the next 5 years that could provide complementary data (30). These new capabilities will improve spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution, allowing exploration of risk factors previously beyond the capabilities of remote sensing. In addition, advances in pathogen, vector, and reservoir and host ecology have allowed assessment of a greater range of environmental factors that promote disease transmission, vector production, and the emergence and maintenance of disease foci, as well as risk for human-vector contact. Advances in computer processing and in geographic information system and global positioning system technologies facilitate integration of remotely sensed environmental parameters with health data so that models for disease surveillance and control can be developed.
In 1998, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Center for Health Applications of Aerospace Related Technologies (CHAART) 1 evaluated current and planned satellite sensor systems as a first step in enabling human health scientists to determine data relevant for the epidemiologic, entomologic, and ecologic aspects of their research, as well as developing remote sensing-based models of transmission risk. This article discusses the results of the evaluation and presents two examples of how remotely sensed data have been used in health-related studies. The first example, a terrestrial application, illustrates how a single Landsat TM image was used to characterize the spatial patterns of key components of the Lyme disease transmission cycle in New York. The second example, which focuses on the coastal environment, shows how remote sensing data from different satellite systems can be combined to characterize and map environmental variables in the Bay of Bengal that are associated with the temporal patterns of cholera cases in Bangladesh. These examples demonstrate how remote sensing data acquired at various scales and spectral resolutions can be used to study infectious disease patterns.
Figure 1. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data for a 6x6-km area in Westchester County, New York. Shown are the raw data (a), as well as products (e.g., maps) derived from the data...
During the past 10 years, NASA's Ames Research Center has been collaborating with the New York Medical College and the Yale School of Medicine to develop remote sensing-based models for mapping Lyme disease transmission risk in the northeastern United States (31,32). The first study compared Landsat TM data with canine seroprevalence rate (CSR) data summarized at the municipality level (31). The canine data were used as a measure of human exposure risk, the assumption being that dogs were more likely to acquire tick bites on or near their owner's property. The second study used TM data to map relative tick abundance on residential properties by using TM-derived indices of vegetation greenness and wetness (32). Figure 1 shows a subset of the TM data used in both studies, as well as some of the products (e.g., maps) derived from the data. Each product illustrated Lyme disease transmission variables, such as vector and reservoir habitats, as well as human risk for disease. Figure 1a shows raw Landsat-5 TM data, which are recorded in six spectral bands (excluding a seventh thermal band) at a spatial resolution of 30 m. These data were processed to derive the products shown in Figures 1b-d.
The image in Figure 1b was used to explore the relationship between forest patch size and deer distribution. Because white-tailed deer serve as a major host of the adult tick as well as its primary mode of transportation, deer distribution was a potentially important factor in a Lyme disease risk model.
Figure 1c shows 12 classes used in two separate analyses of risk at two different scales (31). These classes include water, evergreen trees/vegetation, sparse deciduous trees, dense deciduous trees, clearings, golf courses (managed grass), urban/commercial, miscellaneous urban, residential-lawn, residential-sparse vegetation, residential-medium vegetation, and residential high-vegetation. In the first scale, the amount of remotely sensed deciduous forest was positively correlated (r-.82) with canine exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi, as indicated by CSR data summarized by municipality. In the second analysis, a linear regression of the residential-high vegetation pixels (i.e., wood-edge) and from CSR data resulted in a correlation coefficient of .84--indicating that human-host contact risk (e.g., deer leaving the forest to feed on residential ornamental vegetation) might be a good measure of human-vector contact risk.
The image in Figure 1d was derived from the Landsat TM data by a Tasseled Cap Transformation (33). Tasseled Cap greenness and wetness were positively correlated with tick abundance on residential properties in this study area (32).
The second example of the use of remotely sensed data to provide information for health research and applications concerns cholera in Bangladesh. In this study, described by Lobitz et al. (34), remotely sensed datasets, downloaded from the Internet at no cost, were used to search for temporal patterns in the Bay of Bengal associated with cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh.
Figure 2. Datasets used to model the temporal patterns of cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh. a) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite image showing the mouth of the Ganges River and the Bay...
Figure 2a shows a color-infrared image of the Ganges River, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. These data, which were acquired by NOAA's AVHRR sensor, have a spatial resolution of 1.1 km. The sediment load, transported to the Bay of Bengal by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, includes nutrients that could support plankton blooms. Plankton is an important marine reservoir of Vibrio cholerae, which attaches primarily to zooplankton, which, in turn, is associated with phytoplankton (35).
In Figure 2b, the AVHRR data shown in Figure 2A were processed to show sea surface temperature (SST) (36). Because these data are for large-area studies, they have been processed at a spatial resolution of 18 km. Figure 2c represents sea surface height (SSH) anomaly data derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite (37). These data have a spatial resolution of 1 degree. Increases in SST and SSH have preceded cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh (34).
In the next 15 years, new sensors will provide valuable data for studies of infectious diseases similar to the ones described here. For Lyme disease, new sensors could provide similar information about ecotones, human settlement patterns, or forests. These sensors include ARIES-1, scheduled for launch by Australia; CCD and IR/MSS sensors onboard CBERS, launched by China and Brazil in late 1999; Ikonos, a commercial satellite with 4-m spatial resolution; LISS III, onboard the orbiting Indian IRS-1C and -1D satellites; and ASTER, onboard the recently launched Terra satellite. Information from these sensors could also be used to address other vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, and hantavirus, whose patterns are likewise influenced by environmental variables.
SeaWiFS, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, with its increased spectral resolution of 1.1 km, is already providing imagery critical to understanding the temporal and spatial pattern of cholera risk (35). This sensor was specifically designed to gather information about ocean color (38) (Figure 2d).
CHAART evaluated data from current and planned satellite instruments for mapping, surveillance, prediction, and control of human disease transmission activities, including vector ecology, reservoir and host ecology, and human settlement patterns. From hundreds of potential sensors, 54 were identified that were current (or would be launched within the next 5 years), operational (not reserved for the scientific community), and digital (not photographic).
Beginning in 1985, NASA has held a series of workshops to elicit input from the health community on the use of remote sensing in the areas of entomology, ecology, epidemiology, vector control, and infectious diseases. In addition, NASA has participated in sessions on remote sensing and health at professional meetings sponsored by national and international health organizations. On the basis of this experience as well as a review of the scientific literature (Table l), there does not appear to be consensus in the health community regarding requirements for a remote sensing system. Some investigators use remotely sensed data to resolve questions regarding the relationship between an aspect of disease transmission and an environmental variable. Other researchers already have a model of disease transmission and have specific spatial, temporal, or spectral requirements for the remotely sensed variables.
No single spatial, temporal, or spectral resolution is universally appropriate for understanding the transmission risk for any disease, given the variety of vectors, reservoirs, hosts, geographic locations, and environmental variables associated with that disease. Therefore, in evaluating the existing sensors, CHAART used an approach that allowed individual investigators to identify satellite data appropriate for their own needs. This approach defined 16 groups of physical factors that could be used for both research and applications. Each factor is essentially an environmental variable that might have a direct or indirect bearing on the survival of pathogens, vectors, reservoirs, and hosts. These factors may also affect many types of non-vector-borne diseases, such as waterborne diseases. The factors are vegetation or crop type, vegetation green-up, ecotones, deforestation, forest patches, flooded forests, general flooding, permanent water, wetlands, soil moisture, canals, human settlements, urban features, ocean color, SST, and SSH. Precipitation, humidity, and surface temperature were not included because deriving these measurements from raw data requires highly specialized processing and calibration, routinely performed by qualified groups who often make the information available on Internet websites (Appendix 2).
The sensor evaluation project generated a series of tables that associated each of the 16 factors with the 54 sensors according to spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics. For example, factors requiring frequent monitoring, such as vegetation green-up, are linked with sensors with shorter repeat overpasses. Similarly, factors requiring very high spatial resolution, such as mapping urban features, are linked with sensors having a spatial resolution of 10 m or less, regardless of their temporal or spectral resolutions.
Perhaps the broadest use of Landsat and SPOT data has been to identify and map vegetation or crop types. This factor is important because the distribution of vegetation types integrates the combined impact of rainfall, temperature, humidity, topographic effects, soil, water availability, and human activities. Nearly all vector-borne diseases are linked to the vegetated environment during some aspect of their transmission cycle; in many cases, this vegetation can be sensed remotely from space. The spatial and temporal distribution of vector or reservoir and host species may relate to the occurrence and distribution of specific vegetation or crop types, not simply to whether an area has forests or grasslands. For example, food and cover preferences of the white-tailed deer, the host for adult ticks that transmit Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, might well encourage deer to live near certain types of forest. Crop-type information may also be important for studying the effects of pesticides (e.g., vector resistance; illnesses caused by exposure to toxins).
The sensor evaluation procedure has identified many potentially useful sensors for mapping vegetation and crop type beyond the Landsat and SPOT systems (Table 2). A ground resolution threshold of 30 m was used as the upper limit for exploring the relationship between vegetation (or crop) type and disease vectors, reservoirs, and hosts; above 30 m, vegetation and crop type are more difficult to ascertain. Many of the sensors could also be used for mapping the boundary between vegetation types, or ecotones, which provide habitat for insects and animals critical to the maintenance and transmission of vector-borne diseases. These edges may be areas for increased risk for vector-human contact, as indicated by the relationship between Lyme disease transmission and suburban encroachment into forested areas in the northeastern United States. The movement of humans into forested edges where potential vectors are established could also be important for predicting malaria or yellow fever transmission.
The list of 16 factors used in the CHAART evaluation includes some that have not yet been quantified because available sensors do not provide adequate spatial, spectral, or temporal resolutions. Two of these factors are briefly described below to illustrate how remotely sensed data might be used to explore their potential links to human health. More links between the factors and various diseases are listed in Table 3.
The detection of urban features requires higher spatial resolution systems than needed for detecting the presence of human settlements. Some disease vectors are associated with specific urban features such as housing type, which can only be detected by sensors with very high spatial resolution. In the future, new sensors may be able to provide information on the urban environment (Table 4).
Wet soils indicate a suitable habitat for species of snails, mosquito larvae, ticks, and worms. Several types of sensors can detect soil moisture, including synthetic aperture radars (SARs), shortwave-infrared, and thermal-infrared sensors (Table 5). SARs are particularly important for sensing ground conditions in areas of cloud cover or vegetation canopy cover, two factors commonly found in the tropics.
The extent to which remotely sensed data are used for studying the spatial and temporal patterns of disease depends on a number of obstacles and opportunities. Many of the obstacles-- including cost, inadequate spatial, spectral, or temporal resolutions, and long turnaround times for products--have restricted the use of remote sensing within the user community as a whole. Many of these barriers will be addressed by new sensor systems in the next 5 years. The recently launched Landsat-7 ETM+ sensor, for example, is now providing 30-m multispectral data, a 15-m panchromatic band, and an improved 60-m thermal infrared band, all at a cost that is an order of magnitude less than current Landsat-5 TM data.
With the higher spatial and spectral resolutions, more frequent coverage, lower price, and increased availability offered by the range of new sensors, human health investigators should be able to extract many more environmental variables than previously realized. These improvements will provide new opportunities to extend the uses of remote sensing technology beyond a few vector-borne diseases to studies of water- and soil-borne diseases (for example, cholera and schistosomiasis [waterborne] and the helminthiases) and the mapping of human settlements at risk. The next generation of earth-observing remote sensing systems will also allow investigators in the human health community to characterize an increasing range of variables key to understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of disease transmission risk. These improved capabilities, when combined with the increased computing power and spatial modeling capabilities of geographic information systems, should extend remote sensing into operational disease surveillance and control.
The CHAART staff acknowledges the contributions made to the sensor project by their colleague Michael A. Spanner (1952-1998).
Funding for the sensor evaluation project was provided by the Office of Earth Science at NASA Headquarters, RW#179. Funding for the Lyme disease and cholera examples described in this article was provided by NASA's Life Sciences Division and the NASA Ames Director's Discretionary Fund.
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NASA Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center. Greenbelt, Maryland; 1996. Archived data available at the following URL: http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgibrs/level3.pl
Figure 1. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data for a 6x6-km area in Westchester County, New York. Shown are the raw data (a), as well as products (e.g., maps) derived from the...
Figure 2. Datasets used to model the temporal patterns of cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh. a) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite image showing the mouth of the Ganges River and the...
Table 1. Research using remote sensing data to map disease vectorsa
Table 2. Current and proposed sensor systems for identifying and mapping vegetation and crop typea
Table 3. Potential links between remotely sensed factors and disease
Table 4. Current and proposed sensor systems for identifying and mapping urban featuresa
Table 5. Current and proposed sensor systems for identifying and mapping soil moisturea
DOI: 10.3201/eid0603.000301
1CHAART was established at Ames Research Center by NASA's Life Sciences Division, within the Office of Life & Microgravity Sciences & Applications, to make remote sensing, geographic information systems, global positioning systems, and computer modeling available to investigators in the human health community.
2The information gathered during the CHAART sensor evaluation process is available at http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/health/sensor/sensor.html.
Table of Contents – Volume 6, Number 3—June 2000
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Beck LR, Lobitz BM, Wood BL. Remote Sensing and Human Health: New Sensors and New Opportunities. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6(3):217-227. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0603.000301
Beck LR, Lobitz BM, Wood BL. Remote Sensing and Human Health: New Sensors and New Opportunities. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2000;6(3):217-227. doi:10.3201/eid0603.000301.
Beck, L. R., Lobitz, B. M., & Wood, B. L. (2000). Remote Sensing and Human Health: New Sensors and New Opportunities. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6(3), 217-227. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0603.000301.
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This was my first time staying in a hostel, which is unfortunate because I doubt any where else will live up to the standard set by the Roadhouse. Everything was wonderful - super friendly staff, excellent facilities (great bathrooms, comfy beds, excellent Wifi), communal dinners and evening activities, perfect location. I can't recommend this hostel enough - I want to come back to Prague just to stay here again.
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Q: Cross-compile/Recompile an ActiveX for mobile devices In our project, we have a lot of ActiveX controls written in VB6. On big (x86) computers it works very well. These controls are hosted on website. And mobile users also wants to use it.
So is there any possible solution to recompile/cross-compile an .ocx and make .cab file to works under ARM architecture?
Or maybe I can emulate x86 architecture on mobile phones/PDAs?
Mateusz

A: There is no way to take a control written in VB6 and run it on a device with an ARM processor (via cross-compiling, emulation or otherwise).
Your best route is to rewrite your application in something that targets both x86 and the ARM mobile platform of your choice (one of java/j2me, .net framework/compact framework, flash, C/C++, etc) or just make your application run at the server and expose it via the web

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Strings Attached? Don't Put Conditions on SDVOSB Ownership, Cautions OHA
Posted on August 13, 2020 by Shane McCall
Ownership of a Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Business has to be unconditional. As the owner of an SDVOSB recently found out, unconditional ownership generally means there can be no restrictions on the service-disabled veteran owner's ability to sell the ownership interest. Let's explore the details.
The Small Business Administration's Office of Hearings and Appeals decision was ALOG Corp., SBA No. VET-285 (July 21, 2020). OHA considered an protest of ALOG's status after winning an Air Force procurement that was an SDVOSB set-aside.
As a reminder, SBA requires that an SDVOSB must be "at least 51% unconditionally and directly owned by one or more service-disabled veterans." 13 C.F.R. § 125.12. Unconditional ownership, in turn, means:
[O]wnership that is not subject to conditions precedent, conditions subsequent, executory agreements, voting trusts, restrictions on or assignments of voting rights, or other arrangements causing or potentially causing ownership benefits to go to another (other than after death or incapacity). The pledge or encumbrance of stock or other ownership interest as collateral, including seller-financed transactions, does not affect the unconditional nature of ownership if the terms follow normal commercial practices and the owner retains control absent violations of the terms.
13 C.F.R. § 125.11.
So, ownership of an SDVOSB "must be unlimited, with no restrictions whatsoever on their ownership, or their ability to dispose of their shares in any way they choose. The exceptions are agreements dealing with the death or incapacity of a shareholder, and the pledge of stock as collateral if the terms follow normal commercial practices." In addition, a "concern may change its ownership or business structure so long as one or more service-disabled veterans own and control it after the change." 13 C.F.R. § 125.12(f).
Basically, the veteran has to be the supreme commander.
So, how does this jibe with ALOG's situation?
ALOG was majority owned by two service-disabled veterans, Paul Smith and Stephen Smith. Stephen Smith and other non-veteran owners had purchased ALOG shares from Paul Smith via a Stock Purchase Agreement (I'll call it the Agreement) and a loan and note. Paul Smith would continue to own part of ALOG and be an employee for four years after the sale.
The Agreement stated that the stock could not be sold unless the shares were first offered for sale to the company, stating that, before sale, the owners "shall first offer the Offered Shares for sale to the Corporation". In other words, ALOG retained a right of first refusal before any shareholder, including service-disabled veterans, could sell their shares.
Additionally, the Agreement contained a specific restriction on the shares owned by service-disabled veteran Paul Smith. With respect to his shares, if four years after the sale he was still a shareholder, he had to sell his shares back to ALOG, and ALOG had to buy them. Finally, shareholders could only sell their shares to employees of ALOG.
Because this was an Air Force procurement, the SBA has a two-step protest process. In contrast, Department of Veterans Affairs procurements have a separate protest process. In the first step of this protest, SBA determined that Paul Smith, one of the two service-disabled veteran owners, did not own his shares unconditionally.
There were a few restrictions on ownership. For one, Paul Smith would be required to sell his shares to ALOG if he still owned them on December 31, 2021. Second, he could only sell his shares to employees of ALOG.
ALOG appealed this decision to SBA's Office of Hearings and Appeals, arguing that the restrictions in the Agreement were merely part of a long-term plan for a change in ownership from one service-disabled veteran to another. ALOG based this on 13 C.F.R § 125.12(f), which allows for a change in ownership or business structure so long as service-disabled veterans own and control the firm after the change.
Unfortunately for ALOG, OHA didn't buy this argument. OHA determined that there were multiple restrictions on Paul Smith's ownership of ALOG.
Paul Smith had to sell his shares to ALOG if he still owned them after the four-year period listed in the Agreement.
ALOG had a first right of refusal.
Shareholders, including service-disabled veterans, could not transfer stock to a person who is not an employee of ALOG.
These restrictions meant the service-disabled veteran's ownership was not unconditional.
This case is a good reminder that ownership of an SDVOSB by a service-disabled veteran must be without restrictions, other than a few limited exceptions for death or incapacity of a shareholder or a stock pledge for collateral in connection with a standard commercial practices. Check and make sure your ownership documents follow these rules.
Questions about this post? Email us or give us a call at 785-200-8919.
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Federal Court Interprets SDVOSB "Unconditional Ownership" Less Strictly Than SBA
Court Upholds "Draconian and Perverse" SBA SDVOSB Ownership Rules
SDVOSB Eligibility Update: SBA Issues New Rule
New Consolidated SDVOSB Eligibility Requirements: the Good, the Bad, and the Downright Ugly
SDVOSB Regulations Reveal Typo in Exceptions to Ownership Conditions
VA CVE, Under New Rules, Closely Examining Franchise and Similar Agreements
Complicated Business Structures Contribute to Set-Aside Fraud, GAO Finds
This entry was posted in SBA OHA Decisions, Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses and tagged SDVOSB eligibility, SDVOSB ownership, SDVOSB Protests, SDVOSBs, unconditional ownership. Bookmark the permalink.
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Justin Blackmon Suspended for Rest of 2013 Season
The Jacksonville Jaguars announced last week that Justin Blackmon, second-year receiver, is suspended indefinitely without pay for violating the NFL Policy and Program for Substances of Abuse. He will be eligible to apply for reinstatement before the 2014 season.
According to CBS Sports, the substance-abuse violation is Blackmon's second in just over six months. Blackmon missed the first four games of the 2013 season after violating the league's substance-abuse policy in April. CBS Sports also reported that Blackmon's troubles began even before his first NFL game. He was arrested for a misdemeanor DUI in June 2010 while playing for Oklahoma State and again for aggravated DUI in June 2012, a mere two months after the Jaguars drafted him (CBSsports.com, Jaguars WR Justin Blackmon suspended for rest of 2013 season, November 1, 2013).
"All of us who are a part of the Jaguars family care very deeply about Justin and his well-being. That said, he must be held accountable and accept the consequences announced today by the NFL," Jaguars general manager David Caldwell said in a statement. "His suspension will provide him the opportunity to receive the attention and professional treatment necessary to overcome his challenges, and we will support him during this time."
Blackmon is far from alone when it comes to NFL players facing substance abuse problems and suspensions. In a blog post on FOXSports.com, Pat McAfee discussed the requirements of "Stage 1" of the NFL's substance abuse program.
(Up to) eight random urine tests a month. Testers could show up at any time and the player has four hours to complete the test or they fail.
Meet with a substance abuse counselor once a week for at least one hour
Check in with the league anytime the player is relocating. Players must give the address they will be staying, how many days they will be there, and two phone numbers where they can be reached ("#McAfeeCulture: A Deeper Look Into the NFL's Substance Abuse Program", msn.foxsports.com, August 26, 2013).
"Some are saying professional sports get a bad rep for substance abuse. It used to be that players simply missed a few games and the NFL overlooked their indiscretion. This practice has changed. Players are being held responsible for their actions and are getting the help they need. Substance abuse is a legitimate disability and it can cripple a person's ability to live a normal life," says Frank N. Darras, disability lawyer to the pros. "While there is hope for Justin Blackmon, other NFL players should really consider investing in disability insurance in case they are sidelined due to substance abuse or other injuries."
"Substance abuse is a disease that may qualify a player for disability insurance. Insurance companies are slowly realizing that mental health issues are as much a disability as a torn ACL. The key here is having documentation, testing and intensive treatment from a respected psychiatrist or psychologist who can advocate on your behalf," says Darras.
ATHLETES TRAINING FOR THE 2014 WINTER OLYMPICS SHOULD REALIZE: NOW IS THE TIME FOR DISABILITY INSURANCE
NFL Ends Deal with Riddell, Players Have More Choices When It Comes to Helmet Protection


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Q: Create image dataset in Pytorch with png format images People mostly use csv files to create dataset. My question is Can we create our own dataset in pytorch (without using ImageFolder) with the images in the format .png or .tif.
If yes, can somebody show me the code for that.
I need to create my own dataset in pytorch. I'm having images in the format .tif.


The G996 is the result of Fidia's long experience in the field of high performance milling. After years spent satisfying the need for improvement in the quality and accuracy of complex machining, since the launching onto the market of machine tools designed for finishing, Fidia has responded to a new challenge in which the rationalization of the production cycle has become an absolute priority.
Combining high dynamics with stability, stock removal with high precision finishing and modular design: the G996 has achieved a new level of performance. The result is a system offering various milling equipment and different worktable combinations able to satisfy most machining requirements with 3 and 5 continuous or indexed axes. Sectors in which the G996 can find application include all those where high precision and excellent stock removal are required, from the moulds and dies sector to general machining and the aeronautical industry.
The large cast iron bed provides a stable support for the moving parts, while the open front ensures wide visibility. The moving components, also made of cast iron, have been designed for high acceleration with no dynamic deformation. At the same time, they ensure the damping capacity required in order to take full advantage of the high spindle torque. The use of spheroidal graphite cast iron and a system of guides with 6 support points for each axis has made this difficult compromise possible.
Its self-supporting structure allows installing the machine directly on a standard industrial floor.
heat control with coolant flow through hollow ball screws.
All the parts generating heat, such as axis motors, nut supports, electrospindles are monitored and cooled by means of a central conditioning system. Furthermore, dedicated sensors measure the ambient and structural temperatures providing an overall monitoring picture. In this way, maximum accuracy is achieved even with lengthy machining cycles requiring numerous re-machining operations and tool changes.
The G996 3-axis standard configuration is equipped with a highspeed spindle that is able to deliver High Performance milling, boring, drilling and tapping. As an option, the vertical axis can be fitted with a robust head with two indexed axes (BSH version) or a continuous head with 5 axes (M5A version).
The fixed worktable can be replaced by different roto-tilting (RT version) tables (trunnion type), each being particularly well dimensioned for the machining of complex geometrical forms, that are equipped with torque motors bringing the technical characteristics of these solutions to the highest levels of performance. The maximum benefits deriving from the increased capabilities of programming systems on 5 continuous axes are also guaranteed. Interfacing with standardized and modular automatic pallet systems, such as WPM and MP (Multi pallet), reduces down time and allows for full automation of the production cycle.


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Home » Journal Archive
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in AKT1 and the risk of prostate cancer in the Chinese Han population.
Liu, J M
Cheng, S H
Xia, C
Deng, T
Zhu, Y C
Wei, X
Huang, Z L
Liao, B H
Luo, D Y
Zhang, Y G
Jin, T
Wang, K J
Huang, J
Li, H
Genet. Mol. Res. 16(1): gmr16019469 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019469
AKT1, also known as v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1, is involved in the regulation of cell-survival and anti-apoptotic activities, which may affect the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, the association between genetic variants of AKT1 and the risk of developing prostate cancer has not been investigated before. This study investigated the associations between three polymorphisms (rs1130214, rs3730358, and rs2494732) in AKT1 and the risk of development of prostate cancer in the Chinese Han population. Sequenom MassARRAY & iPLEX technology were used to genotype these polymorphisms in 493 Chinese Han patients with prostate cancer and 309 age-matched healthy individuals. Compared to the CC genotype of the rs3730358 polymorphism, the CT genotype of the same polymorphism was strongly associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.617, 95%CI = 0.390-0.976, P = 0.037). However, there was no significant difference between the allele frequency of the rs3730358 polymorphism and those of the other two polymorphisms (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was found in the haplotype analysis (P > 0.05). Our study found that the variant genotype CT of rs3730358 of AKT1 was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer, which suggested that this polymorphism could play an important role in the development of the disease.
J. Huang
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
No content.
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FC Locomotiva Basarabeasca este club de fotbal din Basarabeasca, Republica Moldova. Clubul a fost fondat în 1995 și a evoluat 2 sezoane în Divizia Națională între anii 1996-1998. În prezent clubul evoluează în Divizia "B" Sud. Echipa își dispută meciurile de acasă pe Stadionul Basarabeasca, ce are o capacitate de 1500 de locuri.

Palmares
Divizia "A" (1): 1995-96
 Cupa Moldovei
Semifinalistă: 1992

Referințe

Legături externe
 Locomotiva Basarabeasca la WeltFussballArchive
 Locomotiva Basarabeasca la soccerway

Cluburi de fotbal din Republica Moldova
Fondări în 1995

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia