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Stephanie Berger is a poet, installation & performance artist, theater producer, and entrepreneur. She is the CEO of The Poetry Society of New York and co-creator of The Poetry Brothel, The New York City Poetry Festival, and The Typewriter Project. She is the author of IN THE MADAME'S HAT BOX (Dancing Girl Press, 2011) and co-author of THE GREY BIRD: THIRTEEN EMOJI POEMS IN TRANSLATION (Coconut Books, 2014). Stephanie's poetry has appeared in Fence, Hyperallergic, The Volta, Prelude, and Pouch Magazine, among other publications, and her work has been covered in The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Guardian, Refinery 29, and Bustle magazine, among many others. Her performance and installation work has been shown at Grounds for Sculpture, New York Fashion Week, Electric Forest Festival, Dixon Place, Pen + Brush Gallery, Howl Happening Gallery, The Strand Bookstore, and House of Yes, among other locations. Other honors include a 2015 &NOW Writing Award and grants from the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, New York Community Trust, Fractured Atlas, and The Casement Fund. Stephanie earned a B.A. in Philosophy and Critical Studies at the University of Southern California, received an M.F.A. in Poetry from the New School, and has taught in the English Departments at Pace University and Berkeley College.
Nicholas Adamski is the Chief Creative Officer of The Poetry Society of New York. He completed his undergraduate studies at Butler University with a degree in Political Science and Creative Writing and earned an MFA in Poetry at The New School University. Nicholas authored Inside me a whale is taking shape, a handmade poetry chapbook published by Brothel Books. He also has extensive design experience and has worked as an interior designer with the KA Design Group and designed sales galleries and signage for The 7th Art. Nicholas worked with The Happy Corp Global, a digital media and event production company, where he honed his event production and management skills producing events for organizations including the Museum of Modern Art, The 92nd Street Y, and other New York City institutions.
Jonathan Fink: Could you talk a little bit about your backgrounds and what led you to poetry and then, through poetry, to "The Typewriter Project: The Subconscious of the City"?
Stephanie Berger: I guess I've been sort of involved with poetry for most of my life. I started writing as a really little kid. My parents were good friends with Jerome Rothenberg, who is a pretty well-known poet and kind of the father of ethno-poetics. They were also good friends with David Antin. I kind of had these people growing up who were actual living working poets, and I at least knew that was possible in a way that a lot of other people maybe didn't. I didn't start thinking about it as what I was going to do with my life until maybe my last year of college. I studied philosophy and film in undergraduate at USC, and then, in my last year of college, my father was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and given just a few months to live. Poetry just became more central and important to me in order to get me through that time. During the very last year of college you're also trying to figure out, "What am I going to do with my life?" It just suddenly became very very clear to me that poetry has always been at the center of my life, the touchstone of my life. So I applied to graduate school and went to The New School for my MFA, and that is where I met Nicholas.
JF: In changing from film to poetry and in your personal experience with your father, was there something specific about poetry that you felt like informed you or spoke to you in different ways than film? Was there a genesis to that shift?
SB: I was never a filmmaker. I did sort of critical studies in film. Doing academic work for me is fascinating and interesting, and I love it. But making art is where my heart is at. The other thing about it was that my father was a huge poetry lover. So I read poetry to him. He read poetry to me. We kind of bonded over that. It took center stage in my life suddenly.
Nicholas Adamski: I also wrote from a pretty early age—kind of journally things—and I was lucky enough to go to schools where they encouraged us to write a lot, and I got good feedback on that. I started a literary magazine in high school, which I sometimes forget about, called Bel Esprit, which is what Hemingway's and Fitzgerald's magazine was called. I had some really amazing teachers, and I always had an aptitude, but I had no desire. I wanted to be the President of the United States from the time I was in fourth grade.
JF: By the way, please take over. Is it still an option? [laughter]
NA: By the time I got to be a sophomore in college, my circumstances had changed, and I felt like I couldn't run for president anymore. It was like this incredibly liberating moment. I was prelaw and poli sci. It was Bush v. Gore. I watched the election get stolen and was like, "Oh, politics is terrible!" I felt suddenly free to choose to do whatever I wanted. And I immediately went into this poetry class. It was just like a natural progression through the English department, and I had a teacher named Fran Quinn. He is this sort of weird figure in the poetry world. He founded the Worchester Review in Massachusetts, then somehow got this school Butler in Indianapolis to hire him. He was never a part of the English department. He was a special adviser to the president was how he got hired. So he operated completely independent of the English department with the fact that he taught two poetry classes and that was it.
JF: What did he advise on: "Give me a line break here…"?
NA: The president of our university at that time was this guy named Geoffrey Bannister who was spending like 28% of our operating funds on groundskeeping for 15 years. He had this plan to turn it from an urban campus into a park. He did, and the attendance of the university has doubled. He really remade it. Part of that was hiring Fran, who became my mentor. What Fran promised was to have a world-class visiting writers program. So we went into the Indianapolis social world, found Ruth Lilly specifically and got her to give him…. His annual operating budget was $250,000 just to bring in writers. So my junior and senior year of college we had just every week an amazing poet, and I was buddies with Fran, so I would hang out with him. We would go pick them up from airport, hang out with them, have dinner with them, and I realized that his best friends were all poets and that they were all really interesting, fascinating people. I had written my whole life but there was never a point in my life were someone said, "You can be a poet," or "You can be an artist," or that this can be anything other than a hobby. I went to an all-boys Jesuit prep school where everyone was like—doctor, lawyer. We were all in that trajectory.
JF: Did you grow up there in Indianapolis?
NA: I grew up in Toledo, OH. So, close. Then I went to Indianapolis for college, met Fran, met a bunch of poets. Then I started going to this thing after my senior year called the Conference of the Great Mother and the New Father, which is this Robert Bly conference that happens in the woods where we build sweat lodges, and someone tells a folk story, and we make masks and do all that. It suddenly became pretty clear to me that I wanted to be involved in having a community of artists and have a family around me. It was interesting—I had a teacher when I was a junior in high school where the entire second semester all we did was study the expats in Paris in that time. He made every student in these two honors sections pick one figure. Mine was the Diaghilev and Ballets Russes. So I had to spend the entire semester preparing a class-long presentation on those guys and that whole world. So I became an expert on Diaghilev and Ballets Russes. Someone became an expert on Jack Johnson the boxer, and someone became an expert on Max Ernst. The overarching lesson of the semester was that nobody can do it alone. Hemingway wouldn't have been Hemingway. Picasso wouldn't have been Picasso. So when I got to The New School, The New School was really amazing at that time because most of the professors and most of the students all went to the same bar called Cafe Loup right after class Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday nights. It's still there—the wolf, French, sort of bistro/bar. We all drank martinis and ate cheeseburgers and escargot and talked about art. Stephanie got there the year after me, and one night in Cafe Loup my friend was like, "Stephanie is starting something called, 'The Poetry Brothel,'" and I had just written my thesis on erotic poetry. It all just sort of fit together. So we sat down at Cafe Loup, had a conversation about The Poetry Brothel, and then she contacted the university and got a classroom and was able to have a couple meetings where people came in, and I realized: this is it. This is the poetry community I want.
JF: I think that's a very common experience that both of you are saying—that there is a frequent transition to poetry both out of need, but also out of permission. I think that is one of the biggest benefits that can happen in a workshop, especially with undergraduates who are taking a creative writing course for the first time: giving students permission not just to write, but also to have permission aesthetically. I try to give students a wide range of different possibilities. Invariably, the students will always say, "I didn't know I was allowed to do that in poetry," which leads me to one of the things about which I wanted to ask you. The MFA process is so individualized, right? You send in your application. You're judged individually. You receive feedback individually. But The Typewriter Project as communal authorship is understood in a different way. I was interested in your thoughts on the concept of "authorship" both as individual authors yourselves, but also in the communal context of The Typewriter Project?
SB: I guess I would say that Nick and I are both poets, obviously. We write individual poems. We write lyric poems, books of poetry. We definitely participate in that solitary process. But I think we both kind of have a background where—he studied poli sci, I studied philosophy, both my parents were sociologists—we've always been interested in society and culture and participating in communities and being more active in that way. I think that one of the main sort of issues that the poetry world faces is that it does often feel to people like it is locked in an ivory tower, that people feel like, "I couldn't possibly understand a poem; I'm not that bright."
JF: As if it's their fault.
SB: Exactly. One of the things we try to do with all of our projects is to make people understand that poetry is just an art. It's there to be enjoyed. You don't really have to "understand" anything. It's not like there's some key to every poem. You can also just read it or listen to it and let it wash over you and enjoy it, and that can be it. You can analyze it. You can break it down and discover all the little pockets of meaning, but you can also just experience it and enjoy it.
NA: It's just a form of communication, right? We speak in poetry more than we speak in prose. And The Typewriter Project is just sort of this evolution of ideas and happy accidents. In New York City, people are in a constant state of throwing away typewriters. New York City happens to be a place were either there is a person who was lived in that apartment for a long time—for 40 years—and actually uses or has used typewriters and is finally like, "I need to get rid of this Smith Corona. I don't use it." And/or there are hipster kids who were buying typewriters at vintage shops and thinking they are going to write their novel on it. They move, and they throw it away. So we kept encountering these typewriters. As poets and probably hipsters to some degree we were like, "Oh, I have to grab this typewriter!"
SB: We were producing The Poetry Brothel at that point, which is an immersive art experience, and we're always looking for cool decor.
NA: Props and stuff. [laughs] So we started to acquire all these typewriters, and then there was that piano project where there were pianos in all the public parks for people to play them, but neither of us play the piano. We're both writers. So typewriter plus piano plus public project equals The Typewriter Project. And then one thing led to another, and I thought, "If every stroke of the piano project had been recorded somewhere, and you could listen to that sound, what would it sound like?" Even if it was just a cacophony, there would still be the energy of all those thousands of people touching those keys. So then this roll became a part of The Typewriter Project, just having something where we could have an artifact of all those people touching the typewriter and just literally what they were thinking. If you just have a scroll with 100 feet of writing it is a de facto exquisite corpse, even if we don't want to stand in front of the booth and explain to every single person what an "exquisite corpse" is and how it works. And we also didn't want to tell them that they have to feel beholden to the line that was written before them. So it just sort of became this project that evolved from a couple of different components, which seemed like a really fun, cool project. Also a huge part of the mission that we have been doing is to not be boring because poetry has such a bad rap for being boring. [laughs] And to give people new and innovative ways to come to poetry and writing. Everyone who sits down at The Typewriter Project and types anything has contributed to a poem whether they meant to or not. So we can empower them: "You just wrote poetry." And they might say, "All I did was write my name," and we would say, "Yep, sometimes names appear in poetry."
JF: When watching the videos on your website, I was interested in the responses people had when they came across the project. I would imagine people responded in a variety of ways: some people initially suspicious, some initially excited? What were their responses at that moment of discovery?
NA: We were putting it up in the park in New York City, and someone was initially like, "What does it cost?"
SB: And someone else was like, "What are you going to do with all the text?"
NA: And we said literally it is a blank canvas on which you can write whatever you want. And they were like, "No political motivation?" and we said, "No, it's just a white sheet of paper." And people would just fall in love with it.
SB: There are also people who just immediately see it, and the booths are so charming and quirky and rustic that people are drawn to it. They're drawn in by the sound of the typewriter, and when you explain to them that they can sit down and write on it whatever they want, people get really excited. They're like, "Ooooh! What am I going to say?"
JF: When you review the actual poem at the end, what surprises do you see in the material?
SB: I guess it's been sort of surprising how personal some people get. It's really nice that some people are taking it seriously when they get in there. They're taking that moment to sit and reflect and think about what's important to them. People also write very silly things. It's a total cacophony when you read the actual poem.
NA: It's pretty amazing that there are some people who will express sadness, deep sadness, but I don't know that I've encountered many experiences of anger. We've had several conversations about censorship which is interesting. The amount of weird things that we've considered (from having a fight with a French nightclub owner and trying to get out of Paris without having to pay this guy a bunch of money to, "How are we going to censor the public through The Typewriter Project?") we just have a lot of things to think about that most poets don't have to think about. Initially, one of our interns asked us if there was anything they should delete, and we were like, "No censorship!" And then we decided: "Hate speech. Delete hate speech." If there is specific hate speech, we don't want to put that on the Internet as part of The Typewriter Project. So the whole USB to laptop is boosting the signal and giving someone the opportunity to see the whole creation after they have contributed their little bit. So we don't want to boost the signal of hate speech. But I don't think there has been any. So we have that in place, but there's been no instance. You know, a 13-year-old kid gets on there and is like: "Fuck, fuck, fuck…" and that's great. We love that. It was in Tompkins Square park in the East Village the day that gay marriage became legal nationally. So it was like, "Love wins!" for two days. It's kind of like a real-life Twitter feed but also different than Twitter. It's not limited character wise. Some people will sit in there for 15 minutes. Some people go every day.
JF: Have there been any attempt of people trying to get into the box to get the paper out? Have people been pretty well behaved?
NA: The initial idea was 10 booths in 10 different locations in New York City pointed at different things, and the hope was that if you were looking at the harbor at the Statue of Liberty you would write immigrant poetry, or if you were looking at Wall Street you would write capitalistic poetry. We found out that you just can't leave a typewriter unattended in New York City.
SB: If you leave it unattended people will just tear off their piece and take it with them.
NA: You just don't know. When we came to it after a week of it being unattended every shred of paper was gone. There was like one piece on the ground that actually had a really beautiful… do you remember that?
SB: Yeah! It was definitely from some girl who was either on a first date or an early date with a guy, and she was like, "Dear Mark, I feel like I am really starting to like you. What if I hate your friends?" [laughter]
JF: That's inevitable!
NA: So that was on the floor. The typewriter was askew and smashed—just completely broken. We took it to the typewriter repair shop, and they were like, "What did you guys do your typewriter?" And we said, "Well, we left it unattended in a park for the week." And they were like, "Dumbest thing ever!"
SB: They were flabbergasted.
NA: They were like, "Why?" They didn't understand what the project was despite our really earnestly explaining it to them.
JF: You should have said, "First of all, you're a typewriter repair shop. You should be glad I'm bringing your business."
SB: We love them. We consider them partners in this project. We're constantly bringing them back our typewriters for small repairs, to get cleaned, everything.
NA: It is the Gramercy typewriter company and the guy Paul and his son are the guys. In New York City in 2018 they are busy. They're just all these people living in New York City who have always written on a typewriter, will always write on a typewriter, and they're just constantly repairing these typewriters. It's pretty incredible.
JF: One of the things I thought was interesting hearing you both speak about the project is the language you chose to frame it. It's not, "The Typewriter Project: The Poetry of the City." It's the "Subconscious of the City." I thought that was an interesting choice for how to frame it. How do you see this as a subconscious artifact in addition to being a poetic artifact?
SB: Well, the surrealists writing the exquisite corpse is about accessing the subconscious. When you sit down without a plan in terms of your writing, you just sit down and try to write what comes to you, accessing that part of your brain. I know that when I sit down to write that I try to go in not knowing what I'm going to say exactly, typically because I'm curious about what's going on in here. I think the majority of humans don't spend a ton of time sitting and reflecting and writing and trying to really figure out what is going on inside their heads. Being mindful, I guess. The Typewriter Project offers people the opportunity to sit down and do just that.
NA: And the way that we conceived of the booth, we could have just set up a table in a park in New York City and invited people to sit down at it and write. We were talking about ways to augment the booth to make it easier to transport and less bulky and whatnot, and I just really liked the idea of there being a wall behind you. Even if there are too big windows in front of you and you are looking out, but you know that your back is sort of covered, you have this opportunity to go deeper.
SB: There is no one looking over your shoulder.
NA: There's a sense of anonymity and privacy.
JF: And intimacy.
NA: Intimacy is absolutely at the center of everything we have done as artists. We just want to remind people that poetry is such an intimate thing. We're sharing our thoughts, which is something that people don't really do as much.
JF: That's a great thought that the communal aspect actually makes it more intimate.
NA: Yes, totally.


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4 edition of Radiosurgery found in the catalog.
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Published 1992 by Raven Press in New York .
Radiosurgery -- Congresses.,
Radiotherapy -- methods -- congresses.,
Stereotaxic Techniques -- congresses.
Statement editors, Ladislau Steiner ; associate editors, Christer Lindquist, David Forster, Erik-Olof Backlund.
Contributions Steiner, Ladislau., Symposium of Radiosurgery (1st : 1989 : University of Virginia)
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A anti-wiretapping device includes a power input, a power output for energizing anti-wiretapping electronic equipment, at least two dischargeable power storage units, and a control unit for selectively connecting the power storage units to the power input and to the power output, such that when one of the power storage units is connected to the power output it is switched off from the power input. At least one power storage unit is connected to the power input for charging during a connection of the other power storage unit to the power output for energizing the electronic equipment.
2009/0063602 March 2009 Lee et al.
International Search Report for PCT/IL2009/001221, dated Sep. 2, 2010. cited by applicant.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Friedman; Mark M.
1. An anti-wiretapping device, comprising: a power input to be connected to a power supply line: a power output for energizing electronic equipment intended for anti wiretapping protection: at least two dischargeable power storage units, each of the at least two dischargable er storage units comprising: at least one capacitor to be charged from the power line during a first time interval and to be discharged while energizing the electronic equipment during a second time interval substantially separate from the first; and, a control unit for selectively connecting the at least two power storage units to the power input and to the power output, the control unit configured for regulating the charging duration of the at least one capacitor of each of the at least two power storage units by automatically selecting a charging current level from a plurality of predetermined current levels; such that whenever one of the power storage units is connected to the power output, the one of the power storage units is switched off from the power input, and, wherein at least one power storage unit is connected to the power input during a connection of another power storage unit to the power output.
2. The anti-wiretapping device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit configured for regulating the charging duration of the at least one capacitor of each of the at least two power storage units being charged is based on a feedback from the discharging process of at least one capacitor in a power storage unit being discharged.
3. The anti-wiretapping device according to claim 2, wherein the selection of a current level is based on a voltage level of a capacitor in a power storage unit being discharged, such that whenever the voltage of a capacitor in a power storage unit being discharged crosses down a predetermined voltage threshold level, a greater charging current level is selected for charging a capacitor in a power storage unit being charged.
4. The anti-wiretapping device according to claim 1, wherein switching power storage units from a connection with the power supply line to a connection with the electronic equipment and vice versa is implemented by double switching units connecting and disconnecting simultaneously both the positive and negative poles of a power storage unit per each switching action, thereby preventing single line wiretapping.
5. The anti-wiretapping device according to claim 1, configured as a shelf product to be connected between an external power input plug of an electronic equipment and a conventional wall outlet.
6. The anti-wiretapping device according to claim 1, configured as an integral unit embedded within or connected to the casing of an electronic device as a mediating unit between a power input and an internal circuitry thereof.
7. A method for preventing wiretapping on power supply lines, comprising: (a) providing an electrical current from a public power line and accumulating said current in a first capacitor as an electrical charge being of a voltage and of amount capable of energizing an electronic equipment for a time duration through which a plurality of electronic processes to be protected against wiretapping may be carried out by energy provided from the first capacitor; (b) disconnecting said first capacitor from the public power line and connecting it to a line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; (c) providing an electrical current from the public power line and accumulating said current in a second capacitor as an electrical charge being of a voltage and of amount capable of energizing the electronic equipment for a time duration through which a plurality of electronic processes to be protected against wiretapping may be carried out by energy provided from the second capacitor; (d) disconnecting said second capacitor from the public power line and connecting it to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; (e) substantially simultaneously with said step (d), disconnecting the first capacitor from the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; and, (f) regulating, by a controller, a charging duration of the first or second capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from the public power line, by the controller automatically selecting a current level for the charging from several substantially fixed and predetermined current levels; and (g) repeating (a) through (f) for energizing the electronic device.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising monitoring the voltage on a capacitor currently connected to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized, and regulating a charging duration of a counterpart capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a public power line, based on level changes in the monitored voltage.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising monitoring current consumed from a capacitor currently connected to a protected line through which the electronic equipment can be energized, and regulating a charging duration of a counterpart capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a public power line, based on the monitored current consumed from the capacitor connected to the protected line.
The present application is a National Phase of International Application Number PCT/IL2009/001221, filed Dec. 28, 2009.
The present invention relates to the field of securing electronic equipment against eavesdropping through power supply lines.
Rapid industrial development during last decades has enormously increased the numbers of electronic equipment such as computation & communication devices, machinery, storage and archiving facilities, employed by governmental authorities, national security entities, industrial and commercial organizations, small businesses, and individuals. The amounts of sensitive, confidential or classified information processed and stored on electronic devices have increased accordingly.
At the same time, processing power has been improved, based on the availability of more sophisticated algorithms and on faster microprocessors reachable at ever decreasing prices.
While encryption methods for protecting confidential information processed and saved in the memories of electronic devices are undergoing continuous improvement, methods for retrieving data through eavesdropping, hacking and wiretapping are also evolving at ever increasing pace, taking advantage of the same improved computation and processing abilities.
One known eavesdropping method is by wiretapping power supply lines through which target electronic equipment is energized. Since changes in electronic state of the equipment involve corresponding changes in energy consumption, it is possible to retrieve information of interest processed or displayed on target equipment, by analyzing and decoding signals appearing on its power supply lines in correlation with power consumption of internal processes.
Method and equipment have been developed in order to protect information against wiretapping through power lines. These are generally based on improving filtration and on providing electronic noise on power lines, thereby complicating possible retrieval of valuable information from the lines. However, as mentioned above, hacking and wiretapping methods are continuously improved, such that even distorted, encrypted or filtered information associated with internal processes appearing on a power line is potentially retrievable by sufficiently sensitive and sophisticated equipment.
Elimination of data associated with internal processes of electronic equipment from power supply lines may be achieved by battery operated equipment, i.e. by simply giving up the use of power supply lines as means for energizing electronic equipment in real time. However this solution involves significant increase in expenses and in weight, while being incompatible with most existing equipment.
Method and a device are thus required which will eliminate data associated with internal processes of electronic equipment from power lines, in a cost effective manner.
In a first broad aspect the invention relates to an anti-wiretapping device, comprising a power input to be connected to a power supply line, a power output for energizing electronic equipment intended for anti wiretapping protection, at least two dischargeable power storage units, and a control unit for selectively connecting the power storage units to the power input and to the power output, such that when one of the power storage units is connected to the power output it is switched off from the power input under control of said control unit, and wherein at least one power storage unit is connected to the power input (preferably through a charging converter and/or additional supportive circuitry) for charging during a connection of another power storage unit to the power output for energizing the said electronic equipment.
In the context of the present invention the term "charging converter" refers to any electronic circuit configured to convert electrical power consumed from a power supply line into a charging current for charging dischargeable power storage units connected to it cyclically for charging time intervals for effectively energizing electronic equipment between said charging time intervals. Accordingly, in the presence of a charging converter, switching off a power storage unit from the charging converter constitutes its switching off the power input thereby separating the power storage unit from the power supply line and from undesired real time electrical influence between the electronic equipment and the power supply line.
Due to the inventive device direct electrical power flow between the power line and the electronic equipment is avoided and the electronic equipment is at least satisfactorily not being powered directly from the power line. The power supply line is thus at least substantially neutralized from signals that may be correlated with power consumption signals for retrieving confidential information.
Preferably each of the power storage units comprises at least one capacitor to be charged from the power line during a first time interval and to be discharged while energizing the electronic equipment during a second time interval substantially separate from the first.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the control unit is configured to regulate the charging duration of a capacitor in a power storage unit being charged based on a feedback from the discharging process of a capacitor in a power storage unit currently connected to the power output for energizing the electronic equipment thereby being discharged. By such regulation the charging process may normally be accomplished using small or moderate charging currents without risking the continuity of power supplied to the electronic equipment, while the max available charging current of the device can be utilized only in emergency cases, normally for short time intervals, to enable timely switching between the capacitors even when the discharging process of the capacitor connected to the power output becomes intensive for any reason.
In various embodiments adaptation of the charging duration of a capacitor in a power storage unit is implemented by automatically selecting a charging current level from a plurality of predetermined current levels available from a charging converter of the device, wherein the selection of a current level is based on a voltage level of a capacitor in a power storage unit currently connected to the power output and being discharged while energizing the electronic equipment, such that whenever the voltage of a capacitor in a power storage unit being discharged during its connection to the power output crosses down a predetermined reference voltage threshold, a higher charging current level is selected for a capacitor in a power storage unit being charged from the power supply line through the charging converter.
A current consumed from a capacitor currently connected to a wiretapping protected line through which the electronic equipment can be energized may also be monitored according to the present invention, and a charging duration of a counterpart capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a power supply line may be regulated based on said monitored current.
The capacitors are of a capacity sufficient for energizing a large number of cycles of confidential internal processes in the electronic equipment before their voltage drops from one reference voltage to another, thus completely avoiding any undesirable correlation between signals associated with the charging process which may appear on the power supply line and between signals associated with confidential data being processed.
In various embodiments, switching the power storage units from the power supply line to the electronic equipment and vice versa is implemented by double switching units connecting and disconnecting simultaneously both the positive and negative poles of a power storage unit per each switching action, thereby preventing even single line wiretapping.
Additionally to its wiretapping prevention capabilities the inventive device may be applied for protecting electronic equipment from power disturbances and from electronic noise by isolating its power supply from direct feeding from an external power supply generator or network. The protection is bidirectional, i.e. since the device separates the power supply line from the electronic equipment by avoiding direct connection between them, the power supply line becomes protected against electronic noise generated by the electronic equipment.
It is similarly appreciable that the invention may be carried out such that the charging duration of a capacitor in a power storage unit is regulated by either automatically selecting a charging current level from a plurality of predetermined current levels as described hereinbefore, or alternatively by varying the charging current value continuously based on a continuous feedback from the voltage value of the capacitor in the power storage unit being discharged.
The device of the present invention can be manufactured either as a shelf product to be connected between an external power input plug of an electronic equipment and a conventional wall outlet, or at the entrance of the power input to electronic equipment or as an integral unit connected to or embedded within the casing of an electronic device as a mediating unit between a power input and an internal circuitry thereof.
A method for protecting power supply lines against wiretapping is disclosed, comprising initiating a routine having the steps of: (a) providing an electrical current from a public power line and accumulating said current in a first capacitor as an electrical charge being of a voltage and of amount capable of energizing an electronic equipment for a time duration through which a plurality of electronic processes to be protected against wiretapping may be carried out by energy provided from the first capacitor; (b) disconnecting said first capacitor from the public power line and connecting it to a line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; (c) providing an electrical current from the public power line and accumulating said current in a second capacitor as an electrical charge being of a voltage and of amount capable of energizing the electronic equipment for a time duration through which a plurality of electronic processes to be protected against wiretapping may be carried out by energy provided from the second capacitor; (d) disconnecting said second capacitor from the public power line and connecting it to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; (e) substantially simultaneously with said step `d` disconnecting the first capacitor from the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized and once again initiating said routine; (f) repeating the routine as long as energizing the electronic device in the anti wiretapping method is desired.
In a preferred embodiment of the method, the voltage on a capacitor currently connected to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized is monitored, and a charging duration of a counterpart capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a power supply line is regulated based on level changes in the monitored voltage.
In various embodiments of the method the charging duration of a capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a power supply line is regulated by selecting a current level selected from several substantially fixed and predetermined current levels of a charging converter of the device.
In various embodiments of the method, current consumed from a capacitor currently connected to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized is monitored, and a charging duration of a counterpart capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a power supply line is regulated based on said monitored current.
A method for protecting electronic equipment against power disturbances and electronic noise which may occur on power lines from which the electronic equipment may be fed, as well as for protecting the power lines from electronic noise generated by the electronic equipment is also disclosed, comprising initiating a routine having the steps of: (a) providing an electrical current from a power line external to the electronic equipment and accumulating said current in a first capacitor as an electrical charge being of a voltage and of amount capable of energizing an electronic equipment for a time duration through which a plurality of electronic processes (either (i) to be protected against power disturbances or against electronic noise which may occur on the external power line, or (ii) electronic noise generated by whom is to be avoided from the power line) may be carried out by energy provided from the first capacitor; (b) disconnecting said first capacitor from the external power line and connecting it to a line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; (c) providing an electrical current from the external power line and accumulating said current in a second capacitor as an electrical charge being of a voltage and of amount capable of energizing the electronic equipment for a time duration through which a plurality of electronic processes (either (i) to be protected against power disturbances or against electronic noise which may occur on the external power line or (ii) electronic noise generated by whom is to be avoided from the power line) may be carried out by energy provided from the second capacitor; (d) disconnecting said second capacitor from the external power line and connecting it to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized; (e) substantially simultaneously with said step `d` disconnecting the first capacitor from the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized and once again initiating said routine; (f) repeating the routine as long as energizing the electronic device in the method is desired.
In various embodiments of the method the charging duration of a capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a power supply line is regulated by selecting a current level selected from several substantially fixed and predetermined current levels of a charging converter.
In various embodiments of the method, current consumed from a capacitor currently connected to the line through which the electronic equipment can be energized is monitored, and a charging duration of a counterpart capacitor currently being charged by energy taken from a power supply line is regulated based on the monitored current.
The invention will be further described by the following Figures. These are solely intended to illustrate some exemplary embodiments of the invention and in no manner intend to limit its scope.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conceptual circuit of an anti-wiretapping device according to the invention in a first switching state.
FIG. 2 illustrates the conceptual circuit illustrated by FIG. 1 in a second switching state.
FIG. 3 illustrates the conceptual circuit of FIG. 1 with some supportive circuitry according to a basic preferred embodiment.
FIG. 4 illustrates a typical graph of charging current of the capacitor in a first power storage unit of the embodiment of FIG. 3 versus discharging current/voltage of a capacitor in the second power storage unit.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplifying preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 1 & 2 illustrate a conceptual circuit of an anti-wiretapping device according to the invention in a first switching state. It should be appreciated that the device of FIGS. 1 & 2 may similarly be used for protecting electronic equipment from power disturbances and from electronic noise which may occur on power supply lines, as well as for preventing electronic noise generated by the electronic equipment from reaching the power supply lines. The description should therefore be mutatis mutandis interpreted as relating to such use.
The invention relates to a device useful for (i) anti-wiretapping, for (ii) preventing electronic noise generated by the electronic equipment from reaching the power supply lines and for (iii) protecting electronic equipment from power disturbances and from electronic noise which may occur on power supply lines; comprising a power input (1) to be connected (preferably through a charging converter and/or additional supportive circuitry) to a power supply line, a power output (2) for energizing electronic equipment (in the context of this specification referred to also as "load") intended either for anti wiretapping protection or for anti power disturbances or electronic noise protection, at least two dischargeable power storage units (C1) and (C2), and a control unit (3) for selectively connecting the power storage units, in this embodiment capacitors (C1) and (C2), to the power input (1) and to the power output (2) by means of switching units (3a) and (3b) controlled by the control unit (3), such that whenever one of the power storage units (C1) and (C2) is connected to the power output (2) it is switched off from the power input (1), and wherein at least one power storage unit (C1) or (C2) is connected to the power input (1) during a connection of another power storage unit (C2) or (C1) to the power output (2), respectively.
The electronic equipment (4) is thereby not being powered directly from the power line, thus substantially neutralizing the power supply line from signals which may be correlated with power consumption signals of confidential information, as well as from electronic noise which may be generated by the electronic equipment while also substantially neutralizing the electronic equipment (4) from power disturbances and from electronic noise which may occur on the power supply line.
The switching units (3a) and (3b) work inversely such that during a first time interval one of the capacitors (C1) and (C2) is charged from the power line (1) while the other is discharged through energizing the electronic equipment, and such that during a second time interval, substantially separate from the first, the capacitors (C1) and (C2) change their roles. In FIG. 1 the capacitor (C1) is connected to the power line through the right channel of switching unit (3a), while at the same time the capacitor (C2) is connected through the right channel of switching unit (3b) to the electronic equipment (4). As can be appreciated, the electronic equipment (4) being energized by capacitor (C2) is eliminated electronically from the power input (1), thus protected against wiretapping. Either on a time basis or on a feedback basis from the output line (2) the controller (3) is programmed to repeatedly inverse the state of the switching units (3a) and (3b) from the state illustrated in FIG. 1 to that illustrated in FIG. 2, and vice versa, thereby maintaining a sufficiently charged capacitor energizing the electronic equipment while the other capacitor temporarily remains connected to the power supply line for charging.
FIG. 2 illustrates the conceptual circuit illustrated by FIG. 1 in a second switching state wherein the capacitor (C1) is connected to the output line (2) through the left channel of switching unit (3a) thus energizing the electronic equipment (4) while being disconnected from the power input (1), and wherein the capacitor (C2) is connected to the power input (1) for charging, through the left channel of switching unit (3b).
FIG. 3 illustrates the conceptual circuit of FIG. 1 with some supportive circuitry according to a basic preferred embodiment. In this embodiment the device is intended to provide an output voltage on the output line (2) designed to vary in the range between 30-60 volts, i.e. dropping from a maximum of 60 volts when a respective capacitor (C1) or (C2) has just been charged (preferably to said maximum voltage), to a minimum (which may not necessarily be reached) of 30 volts after said capacitor has been discharged while energizing the load (e.g. a DC/DC converter stabilizing the voltage for specific requirements of an electronic device connected to it). The output line (2) is connected to voltage level threshold sensors (5) (6) (7) and (8), configured to provide operation instructions to a charging converter control (not illustrated in this Fig.) through output power control circuit (10). The use of a plurality of voltage level threshold sensors is only an example demonstrating how the output voltage may be sampled. In other embodiments of the present invention the voltage may be sampled through a single voltage sensor having analog to digital conversion capabilities, allowing for flexibility in determining a plurality of threshold voltages. Upon recognition of voltage drop crossing any of the voltage threshold levels predetermined by voltage sensors (5) (6) (7) or (8), the output power controller (10) provides respective instruction/s to a charging converter which in turn provides as an output a predetermined level of charging current to a capacitor (C1) or (C2) temporarily connected to it through one of the respective switching units (3a) and (3b). The level of the charging current provided by the charging converter is in inverse correlation to the level of the voltage threshold which has been crossed down on the output line (2) due to a discharge of the other of the two capacitors (C2) or (C1), respectively. Accordingly, the current level provided for charging through the input line (1) is increased when a lower level of voltage has been sensed on the output line (2). The voltage threshold levels in this non limiting exemplifying embodiment are 55 v in sensor (5), 48 v in sensor (6), 38 v in sensor (7) and 30 v in sensor (8).
By such regulation the charging process may normally be accomplished using small or moderate charging currents without risking the continuity of power supplied to the electronic equipment, while higher level currents and sometimes the max available charging current of the device can be utilized only in emergency cases, normally for short time intervals, to enable timely switching between the capacitors even when the discharging process of the capacitor connected to the power output becomes intensive for any reason, causing the output voltage to drop to low voltage levels before the counterpart capacitor has reached its target voltage (i.e. 60 v in the present exemplifying embodiment).
In this embodiment the lowest voltage allowed on the output line (2) is 30 v. Accordingly, upon recognition of this level being crossed down, a Force command (9) is directed from the respective voltage sensor (8) to the control unit (3), which immediately inverses the state of switching units (3a) and (3b), thereby connecting the recently discharged capacitor (C1) or (C2) to the charging converter charging line (1), while providing the output line (2) with the freshly charged one of the two. Simultaneously, the output power control (10) responds to the signal received from voltage sensor (8) by instructing the charging converter control to return to its lowest charging current level. This will be the charging current level through the input line (1) until recognition of an output voltage crossing down the 55 v threshold level set by sensor (5), or until the voltage on the capacitor reaches its target voltage, which in this non limiting example is 60 v. The charging sense circuit (15) is configured to recognize when this voltage has been reached, and to inform the control unit (3) to inverse the states of the switching units. When the state of the switching units (3a) and (3b) is inversed, the 60 v of the freshly charged capacitor appears on the output line (2), causing the voltage sensor (5) to instruct the charging converter to supply a minimal charging current level. Upon recognition of the output voltage crossing down the 55 v threshold by sensor (5), the charging converter will be instructed to increase the charging current to a second predetermined level greater than the previous one, which will be maintained either until the max 60 v has been reached and recognized by the charging sense (15) or until recognition of an output voltage crossing down the 48 v threshold level set by sensor (6). Once again, upon recognition of the output voltage crossing down the 48 v threshold, the charging converter will be instructed to increase the charging current to a third predetermined level greater than the second one. This third current level will be maintained either until the max 60 v has been reached or until recognition of an output voltage crossing down the 38 v threshold level set by sensor (7). A fourth current level greater than the third will then be maintained by the charging converter until reaching the 60 v target voltage or until the lowest allowed 30 v voltage level has been recognized on the output (2), in which case the capacitors (C1) and (C2) will immediately switch roles by a Force command (9) initiated by sensor (8) as described above, and the charging converter will be returned to the lowest charging current level.
The device may be configured such that whenever the target voltage (60 v in the exemplifying embodiment) has been reached the controller (3) will inverse the states of the switching units (3a) and (3b), independently of the output voltage, either immediately or after a preprogrammed time delay. Alternatively, the device may be configured such that no switching will occur unless the lowest allowed voltage level (30 v in the exemplifying embodiment) has been recognized on the power output (2).
In case the device is configured to inverse the state of the switching units on a time delay, time counting may be designed to start when the target voltage has been reached, and may also be subjected to other conditions such as voltage level recognition by one or more of the voltage sensors.
The illustrated embodiment further comprises a current shunt (11) for sampling the current pulled by the load (4) for providing the output power control (10) with continuous means for estimating the output voltage drop. This option may provide for by-passing the conditions set by the voltage level sensors, in special cases. For example, the output voltage control (10) may be configured to instruct the charging converter to increase the charging current level upon recognition of relatively large currents pulled by the load, even though the output voltage level has not been dropped yet below a voltage threshold that is set to cause such increase of the charging current level through the voltage sensors (5) (6) or (7). On other hand, the output voltage control (10) may be configured to instruct the charging converter to decrease the charging current level upon recognition of relatively small currents pulled by the load, even though a signal from a voltage threshold sensor has been communicated urging for a higher current level (unjustifiably, when the output current sampling data has been considered).
FIG. 4 illustrates a typical graph of charging current/voltage of the capacitor (C1) in a first power storage unit of the embodiment of FIG. 3, depicted in the upper coordinates system in the Fig., versus discharging current/voltage of a capacitor (C2) in the second power storage unit depicted in the lower coordinates system in the Fig.
The voltage on (C2) drops through time (represented by the horizontal axis (t)) from a maximum value of 60 volts on the upper left side of the lower coordinates system, to a minimum value of 30 volts on the lower right side thereof, as represented by line (13). The drop of voltage results from a varying discharge current represented by line (12). This line may actually be considered as carrying confidential data, since variations thereof may correspond to individual data pulses streaming in internal circuits of the electronic device, and any tiny signals in correlation with this current line should be eliminated from the external lines from which power is consumed. As can be appreciated, since the capacitor currently energizing the electronic device by being discharged is (C2), which during its powering role is disconnected from the external power supply lines, no residuals of its discharging currents (12) are retrievable through the external power supply lines.
When (C2) has just been connected, normally fully charged, to the power output for energizing the electronic equipment and while its voltage is dropping towards the 55 v threshold set by voltage sensor (5), a substantially fixed value of 0.5 A charging current is supplied to (C1) as represented by a respective horizontal line illustrated from above section (I) of the voltage graph (14), representing the voltage on capacitor (C1) during its charging procedure in the upper coordinates system. Upon recognition of the output voltage (i.e. the voltage on capacitor (C2)) dropping to 55 v as set by voltage sensor (5) and until recognition of the output voltage dropping to 48 v, the charging current supplied to (C1) is increased to a substantially fixed value of 1 A as represented by a respective horizontal line illustrated from above section (II) of the voltage line (14). The charging current is increased furthermore to a substantially fixed value of 2 A as represented by a respective horizontal line illustrated from above section (III) of line (14) upon recognition of the output voltage dropping to 48 v as set by voltage sensor (6). This charging current of (C1) is maintained until the voltage on (C2) drops to the next threshold--38 volts as set by voltage sensor (7), triggering an increase of the charging current of (C1) to a maximum substantially fixed value of 5 A. When the lowest threshold of 30 v set by voltage sensor (8) is reached, the capacitors (C1) and (C2) switch roles, i.e. capacitor (C1) which has just been charged becomes connected to the output line, and capacitor (C2) its value having reached the minimal allowed value of 30 v becomes connected to the output of the charging converter.
In the illustrated graphs, the voltage measured on capacitor (C1) during its charging process as represented by line (14) is depicted as continuing until the voltage on the counterpart capacitor (C2) reaches the minimum voltage allowed in the exemplifying embodiment. It should be noted that the charging process may be stopped before the voltage on (C2) drops to the minimum, i.e. capacitor (C1) may reach its target voltage (60 v in the exemplifying embodiment) thereby causing the charging current to halt, before the voltage on capacitor (C2) drops to the minimum allowed. It can thus be appreciated that the charging process may be accomplished by the relatively low 0.5 A or moderate 1 A charging current levels, while not necessarily utilizing the higher 2 A and the max available 5 A charging current levels.
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplifying preferred embodiment of the invention comprising an anti wiretapping device (20) having a power input (21a)(21b) to be connected to a power supply line, a power output (22a)(22b) for energizing electronic equipment intended for anti wiretapping protection, a pair of capacitors (C1) and (C2) constituting two dischargeable power storage units, and a switching module (23) constituting an Input/Output Separation Module (referred to also in shortcut--I.O.S.M.) for separating the power output from the power input by selectively connecting the power storage units to the power input and to the power output, such that whenever one of the power storage units (C1) or (C2) (or an equivalent power storage unit not illustrated by this embodiment but that may exist in embodiments of the invention comprising more than two power storage units) is connected to the power output (22a)(22b) it is switched off from the power input (21a)(21b), and wherein at least one power storage unit (C1) or (C2) or an equivalent power storage unit not illustrated by this embodiment but that may exist in embodiments of the invention comprising more than two power storage units) is connected to the power input (21a)(21b) during a connection of another power storage unit (either (C2) or (C1) or an equivalent power storage unit not illustrated by this embodiment but that may exist in embodiments of the invention comprising more than two power storage units) respectively, to the power output (22a)(22b).
The power storage unit connected by a switching unit (e.g. (3a) (3b) of FIG. 1) of the ISOM (23) to the power input (21a)(21b) is charged during its connection by electrical energy received from the power supply line, preferably through a charging converter (31).
An EMI/RFI (Electro Magnetic Interface/Radio Frequency Interface) input filter unit (30) may be provided for separating between the device and a public electric supply network as required by local and/or international standards.
The power storage unit connected by a switching unit (e.g. (3a) (3b) of FIG. 1) of the ISOM (23) to the power output (22a)(22b) preferably energizes the electronic equipment through a DC/DC converter (32) stabilizing and adapting its power to a desirable form and value matching the requirements of the specific electronic equipment. An output filter (33) may be provided as well according to needs. The DC/DC converter (32) may be feedback-regulated by a sense circuit (34) connected to the power output (22a)(22b) and affecting required refinements of the output power through a DC/DC control (35) of the DC/DC converter (32).
The ISOM (23) is controlled by an ISOM control circuit (24), which is monitoring the output floating voltage (25) that is actually the voltage on a power storage unit such as capacitor (C1) or (C2) currently connected to the output (25) of the ISOM (23). In the exemplifying embodiment this voltage can vary between a maximum of 60 v when the respective capacitor is charged to the predetermined maximum allowed by the charging converter (31), and between 30 v which is the predetermined minimum voltage allowed by the ISOM control circuit (24). An explanation of a control process carried out by this circuit according to the invention is provided in the description of FIGS. 3 and 4.
Further to voltage threshold level sensors such as (5)(6)(7) and (8) of FIG. 3, the ISOM control circuit (24) may be provided with a current sense obtained by a current shunt such as (11) of FIG. 3. Through the charging converter control circuit (36) the ISOM control circuit (24) controls the charging current level provided by the charging converter (31) on its output (26), through which a power storage unit such as capacitor (C1) or (C2) currently connected to the input of the ISOM (23) is being charged. The ISOM control circuit (24) further controls the switching of the ISOM (23) upon recognition that the voltage on a capacitor (C1) or (C2) of the ISOM (23) currently connected to the output (26) of the charging converter (31) has reached the target voltage (e.g. 60 v as determined in this embodiment in a non limiting manner), or upon recognition of an output voltage on the ISOM output (25) dropping to the minimum voltage allowed, e.g. 30 v as determined in this embodiment in a non limiting manner.
The control circuits and any supportive circuits such as the system clock (37) of the device are powered by auxiliary power supply (38) which is free of residual currents consumed by or which may be correlated with confidential data processed on the electronic equipment.


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Q: Change Size of Flow Screen I have created a new List View button(image 1).
This button triggers a flow with Screen (image 2).
The Screen (image 2) fills the entire page. I want the Screen to be smaller and not take up the whole page - is this possible?
IMAGE: 1.

IMAGE: 2.

IMAGE: 3 - button properties.

A: As you are trying to call the flow from List View page, Your best option is to create a VisualForce page and embed the flow. In the VF Page you can use slds-grid and adjust the width of the flow.
You can find the details here in the Salesforce documentation.
Here is an example on how to use slds-grid to adjust the width of the flow. As the flow takes some time to load, I have used onstatuschange event to handle that.
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            <meta charset="utf-8" />
            <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" />
            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
            <apex:includeLightning />

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Screen Title

</apex:page>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It has a mono-color and patterns with sequins, decorations with granite, decor for lighting, contemporary colors. Corian countertop is very popular today Corian countertops to use – high-tech material that is based on an acrylic resin, mineral filler and pigment. Corian countertop is not inferior materials from natural stone. She is strong, durable and highly resistant to chemical attack, non-toxic. Although the cost of this material goes no lower and sometimes higher than the cost of natural marble or solid wood. Natural stone has long been used in decoration. Natural stone countertops are beautiful and only carry a charge of natural energy and heat. Natural stone countertops are durable, strong, however, require constant care and attention.
Dirt, spilled wine and tea can leave stains on the surface, and, if time does not remove them – your countertop will be hopelessly ruined. Previously, most often used for countertops granite. Granite countertop – beautiful, strong, durable, and easy to operate. Natural granite is not afraid of mechanical damage and high temperatures. He is impervious to acids and alkalis, thermostable. However, by itself is too heavy granite material, so setting granite countertops – this is a very laborious process. Marble Marble is a second commonly used material.


text:
Federal Tax Headlines
IRS Unprepared for Questions about New Tax Law
CCHTaxGroup
The IRS is unprepared to answer taxpayer questions about the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), National Taxpayer Advocate Nina Olson predicted on her blog. The IRS has already witnessed taxpayer confusion about withholding changes, the deductibility of prepaid property taxes, and more, according to Olson.
Since 2014, the IRS has limited the scope of questions it answers over the phone, Olson noted. This filing season, the IRS will only answer what it characterizes as "basic" questions about tax law. The Service will answer no tax law questions on the phones or in the Taxpayer Assistance Centers for the rest of the year.
"The IRS can expect to receive a significant number of questions over the coming year, especially after taxpayers file their 2017 returns and wonder how items will be treated for 2018," Olson predicted. "I don't expect the IRS to give taxpayer-specific advice, but it must explain the basic outlines of provisions so taxpayers can determine whether provisions apply to them and whether they need to seek professional advice with respect to their specific situation," Olson said.
Telephone Assistance
"Despite technological advances, telephone calls remain an important way taxpayers chose to contact the IRS," Olson noted. "Many taxpayers use the phone even when it's not their first choice, as they've already tried using online resources but have been unable to resolve their issue or find an answer to a tax question on their own."
Olson predicted that calls to the IRS will increase this filing season because of the new tax law. "The implementation of major tax reform legislation is always a heavy lift for the IRS," Olson said. Ten years ago, the calls to the Service jumped 125 percent after passage of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-185), she reported.
Service Environment
Olson recommended that the IRS create an "omnichannel" service environment. This would encompass telephone service, online applications, and more. "An omnichannel taxpayer service environment would ensure all channels of communication are alive, active, and interconnected," Olson said.
By George L. Yaksick, Jr., Wolters Kluwer News Staff
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text:
A. Robert Paratte
Executive Vice President, Chief Leasing Officer and Senior Advisor to the Chairman
A. Robert Paratte was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Leasing Officer and Senior Advisor to the Chairman in December 2022 and is responsible for the company's leasing and business development activities across the company. He served as Executive Vice President of Leasing and Business Development from January 2014 to November 2022.
Mr. Paratte pursues new build-to-suit opportunities, cultivates, and expands the company's roster of key tenant relationships, focuses on corporate marketing and branding, and assists in the professional development of all leasing personnel.
Mr. Paratte has been instrumental in securing some of the largest lease transactions in the company's development projects.
Across a two-decade-plus career in commercial real estate, Mr. Paratte has held leadership roles in various disciplines, including leasing, property acquisitions, development, and property management.
He joined Kilroy Realty after seven years at Tishman Speyer, where he was managing director for global leasing and business development and was responsible for maintaining and building relationships with corporate real estate executives across the country and around the world.
Before Tishman Speyer, Mr. Paratte was a partner at San Francisco–based William Wilson and Associates.
Mr. Paratte was named the San Francisco Business Times Deal Maker of the Year in 2002.
He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Planning from the University of California, Davis, and an MBA from the University of San Francisco.
He is a licensed California Real Estate Broker and a member of the Urban Land Institute.


text:
Q: Cannot Import ES6 module into Vue single file component I am learning (tinkering with) ES6 modules and Vue.js, single file components (SFC). I built my project with the Vue CLI via the webpack-simple template. I get an error  "TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined" at the line with "settings.mainAlarm.name". "npm run dev" does not throw any errors so I believe the build step is finding (and perhaps ignoring) the settings.js file. What is the best way to import reusable JavaScript into a Vue SFC?
Root.vue file:
<template>

{{ msg }}

{{ alarmName }}

</template>

./lib/settings.js file:
export default function () {
    var rtn = {
        mainAlarm: {
            name: "overdueCheckAlarm",
            info: {  delayInMinutes: .01,  periodInMinutes: .25  }
        },
        notificationAudioFile: "ache.mp3",
        baseUrl: "www.xxx.com/xx/xxxx-xxx/"
    }
    return rtn;
}

A: Either your settings file should look like this
export default {
  mainAlarm: {
    name: "overdueCheckAlarm",
    info: {  delayInMinutes: .01,  periodInMinutes: .25  }
  },
  notificationAudioFile: "ache.mp3",
  baseUrl: "www.xxx.com/xx/xxxx-xxx/"
}

in which case, your component will work as is, or your component should look like this and you can leave the settings file alone

I expect it's the first option you really want (I'm not sure why you would want a unique settings object every time you use settings, which is what the code in your question would do).


text:
Vitaliy Martsiv (born 19 June 1983) is a Ukrainian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's sprint event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Ukrainian male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers of Ukraine
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Sumy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a common situation, as many good divorce attorneys are trained in divorce law and strategy but may not be trained to value businesses and/or assess the true income or cash flow derived from certain properties or closely-held businesses. The most critical initial piece of financial information that can illustrate the financial reserves available is the case information statement (CIS). This document purports to show what the family spends and what its cash flow income is. If you believe that your attorney does not fully comprehend that situation, or that the CIS is not accurate, we suggest a very thorough review of the income/net worth and budget sections of the CIS with him/her in a non-threatening manner. Thereafter, I would suggest that you ask him for the names of a few good local forensic accountants/business evaluators who regularly do matrimonial work and perhaps with whom he has worked in the past. Many state societies of CPAs have directories of CPAs who do this kind of work, usually under the heading of litigation support services. Be prepared, however, to hear that there may not be the amount of money that you believe exists — or worse, for perfectly valid reasons, you may not necessarily be entitled to more of it.
You might also suggest that you would like to meet with the forensic accountant/business evaluator either together (or initially alone) to discuss your spouse's financial situation. Since these services can become expensive, a fee range should be discussed to cover the expected costs to possibly value your spouse's business and/or properties and income/cash flow. Once a comfort level regarding all of the above is established, you and/or your attorney should then bring him on board. This will usually necessitate a retainer and engagement letter, as a "consultant" or even an "expert" to assist both of you in valuing the business for marital distribution purposes and establishing the true economic income and cash flow derived from the spouse's business for support purposes.


text:
The O'Brien Tales
Burning Embers
By: Stacey Reynolds
Performed by: Justine Eyre
Duty calls for the youngest O'Brien son.
In a flash of heat, smoke, and flame comes a time of great suffering. Seany O'Brien has kept with family tradition, choosing a career as a first responder. But his choice brings risk and heartbreaking sacrifice.
Lost in a fog of pain and grief, not even the fierce love of the O'Brien clan can pull him from his unending nightmare. But sometimes salvation arrives on two legs, and other times on four.
Maureen Rogers has lived a lifetime in the six years since she said goodbye to a dashing, young Irishman. They were too young, too passionate, and separated by too many miles. But she is a girl no longer. No man has ever captured her heart like the beautiful Irish boy of her girlhood. When Seany O'Brien is wounded in the line of duty, Moe answers a desperate call, bringing her to the bedside of her first love, and unexpectedly to the vast and breathtaking hills of Connemara.
Stacey Reynolds
Stacey Reynolds began writing after a trip to Ireland, where she was bewitched by the coastal villages and islands of the Wild Atlantic Way. She and her husband live in North Carolina with the three youngest of their five children. Her husband is a retired Marine Corps Officer. Before her years as a military wife, she was a police officer.
Justine Eyre
Classically trained actress Justine Eyre is an Audie Award-winning narrator with over 700 titles to her name. She has lived in far-flung corners of the world, from Canada to the Philippines, Germany, France and England- her international upbringing and multi-cultural family allow her to come by her accents authentically. Justine has appeared in a number of TV series such as Mad Men and Las Vegas, including a memorable turn on two episodes of Two and Half Men.


text:
Die 7,62 × 25 mm Tokarew M1930 ist eine sowjetische Pistolenpatrone. Sie wurde in den 1920er-Jahren zusammen mit der Selbstladepistole TT-30 entwickelt.

Geschichte
In der Roten Armee wurden neben den Ordonnanzrevolvern Nagant M1895 auch größere Stückzahlen der Selbstladepistole Mauser C96 im Kaliber 7,63 × 25 mm verwendet. Dadurch war die Mauser-Munition in der Sowjetunion weit verbreitet. Da eigene Waffen- und Munitionsentwicklungen in der Sowjetunion ebenso wie im früheren Zarenreich auf zölligen Maßen beruhten, wurde die Patrone im Zuge der Entwicklung der ersten sowjetischen Selbstladepistole auf die gängigen Maschinen angepasst. Die alte Einheit Linie in der Feinmechanik entspricht 1/10 Zoll, somit ergeben drei Linien ein Kaliber von 7,62 mm.

Unterschiede zur Mauserpatrone
Die Unterschiede der Abmessungen zur Mauserpatrone sind so gering, dass beide Patronen aus den jeweils für die andere Munitionsart vorgesehenen Waffen verschossen werden können. Dies wird allerdings nicht empfohlen.

Weitere Unterschiede gibt es in Bezug auf Geschossart und -aufbau sowie das Material der Hülse; während die Hülsen der Mausermunition hauptsächlich aus Messing hergestellt wurden, kam bei der Tokarewpatrone vor allem während des Zweiten Weltkrieges lackiertes Stahlblech zum Einsatz.

Munitionssorten
 Vollmantel mit Bleikern
 Vollmantel mit Stahlkern
 Panzerbrand
 Leuchtspur

Einsatz
Mit der verstärkten Auslieferung der Tokarew-Pistolen, später auch der Maschinenpistolen PPD-38/PPD-40 bzw. PPSch-41, wurde die 7,62er-Patrone M1930 in der Roten Armee zunehmend verwendet, auch wenn im Zweiten Weltkrieg viele Offiziere noch den Nagant-Revolver bevorzugten. Nach dem Kriegsende fand sie in den Staaten des Warschauer Vertrages weite Verbreitung; zusätzlich in den Staaten, die von der Sowjetunion militärisch unterstützt wurden, wie beispielsweise die Volksrepublik China und Nordvietnam, aber auch bei den Befreiungsbewegungen in afrikanischen Staaten.

Sowjetunion
 TT-30/TT-33
 PPD-38/PPD-40
 PPSch-41
 PPS-43

China
 Pistole Modell 51
 Maschinenpistole Modell 43
 Maschinenpistole Modell 50
 Maschinenpistole Modell 64 mit Schalldämpfer

Jugoslawien
 Maschinenpistole Modell 49 und Modell 49/57
 Maschinenpistole Modell 56

Polen
 Maschinenpistole M43, M43/52

Tschechoslowakei
 Pistole vz. 52
 Maschinenpistole Sa vz. 48

Ungarn
 Maschinenpistole 48 M

Vietnam
 Maschinenpistole K50M

Andere Bezeichnungen
 7,62 mm Typ P
 7,62 mm Tokarew
 7,62 × 25 TT
 .30 Tokarev (0,3 Zoll)

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Patronenmunition


WAL-MART: The world's largest retailer, which now operates in 27 countries, rarely acknowledges defeat. But in 2006, the Bentonville, Arkansas-based discounter, threw in the towel in Germany, announcing it would sell its 85 stores to Metro Group, a German retailer. Two months earlier, it sold its stores in South Korea.
BEST BUY: In January 2013, the consumer electronics chain said it would close 15 of its stores in Canada and cut about 5 percent of its workforce in the country as it tries to revamp its strategy there. In November 2011, it said was closing all 11 of its big-box stores in the United Kingdom. Later it sold its stake in a European joint venture in Europe to its mobile phone retail partner in the region, Carphone Warehouse Group.
BIG LOTS: The discounter, based in Columbus, Ohio, said in December 2013 that it would close its Canadian business, which operated nearly 80 stores. It had acquired the stores just two years before.
TESCO: The U.S. can also prove daunting. Tesco, Britain's largest retailer by sales, announced in 2013 that it was exiting the U.S. market by selling its Fresh & Easy supermarket chain. Tesco opened the chain just before the start of the Great Recession and misjudged its shoppers.


text:
Maine Lawyers
Standish Business Lawyers
Buying a Business Attorneys in Standish
Buying a Business in Maine
Find the right Buying a Business attorney in Standish, ME
Investing in a business can be profitable for companies and private parties. The transaction can be complicated, however.
Federal and Maine law concerning mergers, acquisitions, negotiations and securities exchange sometimes come into play during the purchase of a business
If a party wants to direct business operations, the best way is to acquire a right called "control". With control of a business, the party acquires all assets and the customer base of the business, plus it also assumed the company's debts. In order to protect the interests of all parties, there must be an accurate and complete picture of the financial position of the business. This picture of the company's financials is gained through a process known as "due diligence". The process of due diligence uses Federal and Maine guidelines to protect both parties. If these guidelines are not followed, a party may be found in breach of a legal duty. Following the process of due diligence dutifully is the best way to inform oneself for whether to buy a business. Also if the business is eventually bought, transfers of ownership happen much more easily once the process is followed.
The price of a business mostly depends on how much ownership stake is required for control. The value of the business property and the type of business are also important factors. The process for how the right of control can be transferred or modified is defined by specific laws in Maine. Procedures may make buying a business more or less expensive than simply the market value of its assets.
How Can a Standish Attorney Help?
In Maine, the law poses requirements for a party purchasing a business to fulfill. An attorney knowledgeable in Maine law practicing in Standish can help you comply with these laws and acquire control of the business you want to buy as cheaply as possible.
Standish Breach of Contract Attorneys
Standish Business Dispute Lawyers
Standish Contract Drafting Attorneys
Standish Entertainment Law Lawyers
Standish LLC Attorneys
Standish Business Law Lawyer
Standish Business Law Attorney
Standish Contract Review Lawyer
Standish Incorporation Attorneys
Standish Selling a Business Lawyers
in other Maine cities and towns
Buying a Business Lawyers in Madison
Buying a Business Lawyers in Raymond
Buying a Business Lawyers in Rockland
Buying a Business Lawyers in South Berwick
Buying a Business Lawyers in Portland
Buying a Business Lawyers in New Gloucester
Buying a Business Lawyers in Biddeford


Altonian A stage in the Upper Tertiary of New Zealand, underlain by the Otaian, overlain by the Clifdenian, and roughly contemporaneous with the upper Burdigalian Stage.
"Altonian." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.


I thought seeing as I had rambled on and on about the dang ol' Cowboy Ball I had better do a post to let you have a peek at how it all turned out, you know, a little info about how we entertain ourselves here in the South while we're doing good for the children, the blessed little children.
The pumpkin was carved by Jill our fearless pumpkin carving President ~ cute!
they actually think it's fun and don't whine about pay and conditions, most of the time!
peanuts, very "cowboy" don't you think?
a tad bit afraid of lanterns, fire, flammables etc in the stables!!!! but it worked out well.
peanuts and the horse shoes....all set on a runner of burlap, tres chic!!! in a country kinda way!
Again....tiny anxiety pangs at the whole fire and stables thing!
that we were only after their "gold"!!!
bars and the good times rolled!
but the Chair... it's such an inanimate object (unlike me!).
We look quite pleased with ourselves don't we? we were!
candy corn in the mason jars with the votive candles.... inspired!!!
and making the 2nd Annual Cowboy Ball the fabulous success it was.
hook you up with them if you contact me!
around the stables, simple but beautiful and create a certain j'nes se quio, n'est pas?
my friend, is what they got.
potato salad, coleslaw and beans with bread rolls. Totally Delish!
I'll be using them again, without hesitation!!!
money for the kids in our community... now what's next?
Peach... really you should consider attending next year, it was a blast.
Bambi...I do have some of the bull which I may post later, I wish it was my house but alas not!! you can still come visit though.
I wish I could have been there. The slant of the tables was perfect! What a great idea. Is this your main blog? I'm adding you to my list of blogs to read every day. Let me know if the Pink Clock one is your main one, please?