text:
Understanding the Publishing Process
September 16, 2020 stran
What's happening with my paper? The publication process explained
The path to publication can be unsettling when you're unsure what's happening with your paper. Learn about staple journal workflows to see the detailed steps required for ensuring a rigorous and ethical publication.
Your team has prepared the paper, written a cover letter and completed the submission form. From here, it can sometimes feel like a waiting game while the journal has your paper. It can be unclear exactly who is currently handling your paper as most individuals are only involved in a few steps of the overall process. Journals are responsible for overseeing the peer review, publication and archival process: editors, reviewers, technical editors, production staff and other internal staff all have their roles in ensuring submissions meet rigorous scientific and ethical reporting standards.
Read on for an inside look at how a conventional peer-reviewed journal helps authors transform their initial submission to a certified publication.
Note that the description below is based on the process at PLOS journals. It is likely that at other journals, various roles (e.g. technical editor) may in fact also be played by the editor, and some journals may not have journal staff at all, with all roles played by volunteer academics. As such, please consider the processes and waypoints, rather than who performs them, as the key information.
Internal Checks on New Submissions
Estimated time: 10 days
When a journal first receives your submission, there are typically two separate checks to confirm that the paper is appropriate and ready for peer review:
Technical check. Performed by a technical editor to ensure that the submission has been properly completed and is ready for further assessment. Blurry figures, missing ethical statements, and incomplete author affiliations are common issues that are addressed at this initial stage. Typically, there are three technical checks: upon initial submission, alongside the first decision letter, and upon acceptance.
Editorial screening. Once a paper passes the first check, an editor with subject expertise assesses the paper and determines whether it is within the journal's scope and if it could potentially meet the required publication criteria. While there may be requests for further information and minor edits from the author as needed, the paper will either be desk rejected by the editor or allowed to proceed to peer review.
Both editors at this point will additionally make notes for items to be followed-up on at later stages. The publication process involves finding a careful balance for when each check occurs. Early checks need to be thorough so that editors with relevant expertise can focus on the scientific content and more advanced reporting standards, but no one wants to be asked to reformat references only to have their paper desk rejected a few days later.
Estimated Time: 1 month
Depending on the journal's editorial structure, the editor who performed the initial assessment may also oversee peer review or another editor with more specific expertise may be assigned. Regardless of the journal's specific process, the various roles and responsibilities during peer review include:
Editor Initial evaluation to ensure the paper is ready for review, securing reviewers with relevant expertise and processing a decision on the paper.
Reviewer Submitting reviewer comments within a reasonable timeframe, typically around 2 weeks unless an extension is requested.
Journal Staff Ensuring that the process follows journal guidelines and proceeds on an acceptable schedule; answering questions to provide assistance for editors, reviewers and authors.
When you have questions or are unsure who your manuscripts is currently with, reach out to the journal staff for help (eg. plosone@plos.org). They will be your lifeline, connecting you to all the other contributors working to assess the manuscript.
Whether an editor needs a reminder that all reviews are complete or a reviewer has asked for an extension, the journal acts as a central hub of communication for those involved with the publication process. As editors and reviewers are used to hearing from journal staff about their duties, any messages you send to the journal can be forwarded to them with proper context and instructions on how to proceed appropriately. Additionally, journal staff will be able to inform you of any delays, such as reviewer availability during summer and holiday periods.
Revision Decision
Estimated Time: 1 day
Editors evaluate peer reviewer feedback and their own expert assessment of the manuscript to reach a decision. After your editor submits a decision on your manuscript, the journal may review it before formally processing the decision and sending it on to you.
A technical editor may scan the manuscript and the review comments to ensure that journal standards have been followed. At this stage, the technical editor will also add requests to ensure the paper, if published, will adhere to journal requirements for data sharing, copyright, ethical reporting and the like.
Performing the second technical check at this stage and adding the journal requirements to the decision letter ultimately saves time by allowing authors to resolve the journal's queries while making revisions based on comments from the reviewers.
Revised Submission Received
Estimated Time: 3 days
Upon receiving your revised submission, a technical editor will assess the revisions to confirm that the requests from the journal have been properly addressed. Before the paper is returned to the editor for their consideration, the journal needs to be confident that the paper won't have any issues related to the metadata and reporting standards that could prevent publication. The editor may contact you to resolve any serious issues, though minor items can wait until the paper is accepted.
Subsequent Peer Review
Estimated Time: 2 weeks, highly variable
When your resubmitted paper has passed the required checks, it'll be assigned back to the same editor who handled it during the first round of peer review. At this point, your paper has gone through two sets of journal checks and one round of peer review. If all has gone well so far, the paper should feel quite solid both in terms of scientific content and proper reporting standards.
When the editor receives your revised paper, they are asked to check if all reviewer comments have been adequately addressed and if the paper now adheres to the journal's publication criteria. Depending on the situation, some editors may feel confident making this decision based on their own expertise while others may re-invite the previous reviewers for their opinions.
Individual responsibilities are the same as the initial round of peer review, but it is generally expected that later stages of peer review proceed quicker unless new concerns have been introduced as part of the revision.
Preliminary Acceptance
Estimated Time: 1 week
Your editor is satisfied with the scientific quality of your work and has chosen to accept it in principle. Before it can proceed to production and typesetting, the journal office will perform it's third and final technical check, requesting any formatting changes or additional details that may be required.
When fulfilling these final journal requests, double check the final files to confirm all information is correct. If you need to make changes beyond those specifically required in the decision letter, inform the journal and explain why you made the unrequested changes. Any change that could affect the scientific meaning of the work will need to be approved by the handling editor. While including your rationale for the changes will help avoid delays, if there are extensive changes made at this point the paper may need to go through another round of formal review.
Formal Acceptance and Publication
Estimated Time: 2 weeks
After a technical editor has confirmed that all requests from the provisional acceptance letter have been addressed, you will receive your formal acceptance letter. This letter indicates that your paper is being passed from the Editorial department to the production department—that all information has been editorially approved. The scientific content has been approved through peer review, and the journal's publication requirements have been met.
Congratulations to you and your co-authors! Your article will be available as soon as the journal transforms the submission into a typeset, consistently structured scientific manuscript, ready to be read and cited by your peers.
How To How to Write Discussions and Conclusions
The discussion section contains the results and outcomes of a study. An effective discussion informs readers what can be learned from your…
How To How to Report Statistics
Ensure appropriateness and rigor, avoid flexibility and above all never manipulate results In many fields, a statistical analysis forms the heart of…
How To How to Receive and Respond to Peer Review Feedback
A thoughtful, thorough approach to your revision response now can save you time in further rounds of review. You've just spent months…


text:
10. Remarks on Leibniz...
Kremer, Elmar J. / Latzer, Michael J.
The Problem of Evil in Early Modern Philosophy
Series:Toronto Studies in Philosophy
€ [D] 84.95 / US$ 97.00 / GBP 72.99*
Link to print edition
Book Book Series
10. Remarks on Leibniz's Treatment of the Problem of Evil
Sleigh, Robert C.
Get Access to Full Text
Elmar J. Kremer, Michael J. Latzer, Robert C. Sleigh (2001). 10. Remarks on Leibniz's Treatment of the Problem of Evil. The Problem of Evil in Early Modern Philosophy (pp. 165–179). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442682146-011
© 2016 University of Toronto Press, Toronto
2. Suarez on God's Causal Involvement in Sinful Acts
3. Descartes's Theodicy of Error
4. Spinoza: A Radical Protestant?
5. Spinoza in the Garden of Good and Evil
6. Malebranche on Disorder and Physical Evil: Manichaeism or Philosophical Courage?
7. Bayle on the Moral Problem of Evil
8. Leibniz and the 'Disciples of Saint Augustine' on the Fate of Infants Who Die Unbaptized
9. Leibniz and the Stoics: The Consolations of Theodicy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/Prosecutor-Denies-Teen-Was-Sole-Sniper-7139161.php
Prosecutor Denies Teen Was Sole Sniper
MATTHEW BARAKAT
Published 8:00 pm EST, Sunday, December 22, 2002
Associated Press Writer
A prosecutor Monday denied as "dead wrong" a newspaper report that said 17-year-old sniper suspect John Lee Malvo was responsible for most, if not all, of the shootings that left 10 people dead in October.
An article in Sunday's New York Times cited an anonymous source who said that little if any evidence pointed to fellow suspect John Allen Muhammad, 41, as the triggerman in any of the sniper shootings. The article said that could make it difficult to obtain the death penalty against Muhammad.
"I don't think that anybody in the investigation is responsible for the leak, because so much of it was dead wrong," said Fairfax County Commonwealth's Attorney Robert Horan Jr., who is overseeing the case against Malvo.
The Associated Press was among the news agencies that picked up the Times story, which cited five specific pieces of evidence in the case:
_Malvo's alleged admissions to two slayings in Virginia and one in Maryland.
_Hair linked by DNA to Malvo in the trunk of the car that police believe was used as a mobile sniper's nest.
_A security camera videotape showing someone who appears to be Muhammad in the driver's seat of the car.
_Malvo's fingerprints on some paper near where investigators believe the shot that wounded a Maryland boy was fired.
_Saliva found on a grape stem on a hill where investigators believe the shot that killed a bus driver was fired.
Horan said 60 percent of those specific items were reported incorrectly, but would not say which ones.
Times spokesman Toby Usnik said Horan did not respond to several calls from the newspaper seeking comment.
"If the prosecutor would like to disclose what information he believes is inaccurate, we will respond accordingly," he said.
Fairfax County police are under a gag order prohibiting them from publicly disclosing nearly all aspects of their investigation. It was imposed last week after The Washington Post cited anonymous sources saying Malvo had confessed to being the triggerman in some of the shootings.
The prosecutor said he did not believe that Fairfax County police were responsible for the leak, and Fairfax County Police Chief J. Thomas Manger also denied his department was responsible. The gag order applied only to the police.
Horan said the leaks are damaging because they allow defense lawyers to make the argument that the jury pool was tainted by pretrial publicity.
Malvo's attorneys have filed a motion seeking a copy of the confession he allegedly made when he was turned over to Virginia authorities last month. A judge set that hearing for Dec. 30.
"It's always distressing when you read about evidence that the Commonwealth supposedly has, and you don't have it," said defense attorney Mark Petrovich.


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Ex-Apple tech support staffer stole billionaires' identities and more on the Apple crime blotter
By Stephen Silver | 10 months ago
Houston Rockets owner Tilma Fertitta's identity stolen by an Apple support tech, 55 stolen iPhones found in a car, the Citizen app's video reporting returns, and more from the Apple crime blotter.
The Apple Store at the World Trade Center
The latest in an occasional AppleInsider series, looking at the world of Apple-related crime.
Former Apple tech support employee arrested for stealing NBA owner's identity
A Texas woman was arrested in late February and charged with stealing the identities of several people, including Houston Rockets owner Tilman Fertitta and Walmart heiress Alice Walton. According to a Facebook post by the Harris County Constable's Office, the 27-year-old woman has been charged with fraudulent use or possession of identifying information and making a false statement to obtain credit.
Click2Houston reported additional details, including that the accused woman bought Fertitta's personal information on the dark web for $10, that she formerly worked as an Apple tech support staffer, and that she stole an iPad and multiple computers as part of the scheme.
Four arrested with 55 stolen iPhones in car
Police in Illinois arrested four people with 55 stolen iPhones, valued at $80,000, after a traffic stop in late February. According to the PJ Star, the Knox County Sheriff's Office pulled over the car because it was going 104 mph in a posted 65 mph zone when they found the items, which included 53 iPhone 11s and two iPhone X Max.
Of the four arrested, two were from New York and the other two were from Pennsylvania, and police believe the products were "obtained through identity theft and purchased fraudulently from around the U.S."
Controversial Citizen app restoring video-reporting feature
A notorious mobile app that allows users to report crimes directly to the police is planning to re-introduce a controversial feature that enables live streaming video. According to The Intercept the Citizen app, which was formerly known as Vigilante, was introduced four years ago but drew backlash from both activists and police departments. It was re-branded in early 2017 as Citizen, without that feature. But now, with little fanfare, it was restored the controversial capability.
This has the potential for controversy because, per the story, "user-powered crime reporting has been rife with racism, panic, and concerns users might bring about personal harm."
Credit cards stolen from gym used at Apple Store
A woman in New York City left items in an unlocked gym locker, at which point her credit cards were stolen and used for $2,170 in charges at the Apple Store near the World Trade Center. According to The Tribeca Tribune, the illegal charges took place at the Greenwich Street Apple Store.
Man dressed as woman to steal iPhones and iPads, police say
An Ohio man reportedly dressed as a woman while carrying out a sizable theft of iPads and iPhones from a Walmart in Wisconsin. According to Kenosha News, the 27-year-old man was joined by a crew that acted as lookouts when he used bolt cutters to open a cage with the items, and then placed the $24,000 in merchandise in a toaster box, paying for the "toaster" at self-checkout.
Police say similar thefts took place throughout the Midwest in recent months. This specific theft took place in December, and the suspect has now been charged with felony retail theft.
Student thought he was buying Mac Pro, but got lemonade instead
An English college student spent the equivalent of $1,338 on what he thought was a Mac Pro and some iPhones in a person-to-person sale, but when he opened the box at home, he found two lemonade bottles and cardboard instead. According to Express and Star the student believes that the scammers, who approached him in West Bromwich, must have switched bags on him.
Man arrested for stealing iPads from school faced similar charges in 2015
A man from California was arrested in February and charged with stealing $37,000 worth of iPads from a local elementary school. According to KMPH, the 37-year-old man was charged with burglary and probation violation, while his wife was also arrested, for harboring him.
The same man had been arrested in 2015 on charges that he had broken into 15 different locations — seven schools, seven churches and one commercial warehouse — in order to steal electronics. He served two years on those charges.
Bar looking for owner of lost iPhone
Often, people lose their iPhone and take great pains to look for it. In one town in England, the iPhone has been found, and the place from which it was taken is looking for the owner. According to Birmingham Mail, an iPhone was stolen from the Pitcher and Piano baron Feb. 29, which led to the arrest of the suspected thief and the recovery of the phone. However the owners of the bar are looking to reunite the iPhone with its rightful owner, and have posted a picture of the phone's lock screen to social media:
#APPEAL | Do you recognise these women? We recovered this iPhone which we're hoping to reunite with its owner. It was stolen during the early hours of this morning from the Pitcher and Piano in #BrindleyPlace and so far we've not received a report of it being stolen. pic.twitter.com/Z3foeE1jTl
— Birmingham Police (@brumpolice) February 29, 2020
iPad theft and subsequent child porn extortion scheme leads to charges for two
Two residents of Regina, Saskatchewan, were arrested in late February following a bizarre sequence of events in which police say a woman stole an iPad from a man, discovered child pornography on it, and attempted to use that to extort the man for money. According to CKOM, the 36-year-old man went to police and told them that the device had been stolen, and that someone was demanding money because of the illegal images.
The woman was arrested when she attempted to collect the ransom and was charged with several crimes, including theft, extortion, possession of child pornography and accessing child pornography. Meanwhile the man, following a raid of his home, was charged with possession of child pornography and accessing child pornography.
Couple accused of using dating site for iPhone and iPad theft
A Florida couple has been arrested after police say they used a dating website to commit a robbery. According to The Naples News, the man and woman arranged a date for the woman with a man, which entailed going to the mark's apartment and taking a tour of it. At one point, she called her male accomplice, who held the "date" at gunpoint. The couple took the man's iPhone and iPad, and they were caught once police recognized the woman's car.
Both were arrested for armed robbery and grand theft, while the woman was hit with additional charges of driving without a driver's license and having no motor insurance.
Have an Apple crime story for us? Email AppleInsider and tell us about it.
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Is AppleCare+ worth it for iPad, iPad Pro, or iPad Air?
Eggtronic Apple Power Bar can charge multiple Apple devices simultaneously
tommikele Said:
Is there honor among pedophiles?
apple ][ Said:
I like how the female thief was also charged with possession of child pornography and accessing child pornography.
If a lowlife thief steals a pedophile's device, then it makes sense that the thief is now in possession of child pornography and they should receive the same punishment as the original owner, plus extra charges for theft, extortion etc.
macgui Said:
That is rank stupidity and not a logical thought process.
She was charged because she demonstrated she was aware of the child pornography and instead of alerting police, she accessed and used it to commit an additional crime to robbery — extortion.
Without that action, she likely wouldn't have been charged with child pornography crimes or if she had, any decent lawyer would have got them dropped.


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Q: Page content hard to read under phone's clock on React Native for iOS I have padding at the top of my screen so the page title sits below the phone's time, battery info etc:

However when you scroll the page content is shown under the time making it hard to read:

What is the solution to this? I tried using SafeAreaView but it didn't seem to make a difference:
return (
    <KeyboardAvoidingView behavior="padding" enabled style={styles.container1}>
      <ScrollView keyboardShouldPersistTaps="always">
        <SafeAreaView style={styles.container2}>
          <Text style={styles.heading}>Title</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    container1: {
      flex: 1,
      backgroundColor: "rgb(0, 230, 164);",
      flexDirection: "column"
    },
    container2: {
      flex: 1,
      paddingTop: 60,
      paddingBottom: 40,
      paddingHorizontal: 10
    },
    heading: {
      fontSize: 20,
      textTransform: "uppercase",
      textAlign: "center",
      marginBottom: "10%"
    },
  });

It's only in issue on iOS, Android seems to be fine.

A: Here is the solution for your problem, try this code
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { View, Text,TextInput,Alert,KeyboardAvoidingView,StyleSheet,ScrollView,SafeAreaView } from 'react-native';

export default class  App extends Component{
  constructor(props)
  {
      super(props);
  }
render()
    {
return (
     <KeyboardAvoidingView behavior="padding" enabled style={styles.container1}>
      <SafeAreaView style={styles.container2}>
      <ScrollView keyboardShouldPersistTaps="always">
          <Text style={styles.heading}>Title</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text><Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text><Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>
          <Text>Text</Text>

          </ScrollView>
          </SafeAreaView>
          </KeyboardAvoidingView>

  );
}

}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    container1: {
      flex: 1,
      backgroundColor: "rgb(0, 230, 164);",
      flexDirection: "column"
    },
    container2: {
      flex: 1,
      paddingTop: 60,
      paddingBottom: 40,
      paddingHorizontal: 10
    },
    heading: {
      fontSize: 20,
      textTransform: "uppercase",
      textAlign: "center",
      marginBottom: "10%"
    },
  });

Here is the link for expo (code running perfectly for both iOS and android)
https://snack.expo.io/@asad_4561/textinput?session_id=snack-session-7_eZSvZUo&preview=true&platform=web&iframeId=33hlricz7f&supportedPlatforms=ios,android,web&name=TextInput&description=Example%20usage&waitForData=true

A: Option 1 : you can hide status bar
import StatusBar from react-native and add this line in render method inside first Component use this for onescreen only,
<StatusBar hidden />

if you want it for entire app,
in App.js import StatusBar and out side of any class add this,
StatusBar.setHidden(true);

Option 2 : use translucent property screenwise, this is by default false but just try if it works.
<StatusBar hidden  translucent={false}/>

for entire App,
in App.js import StatusBar and out side of any class add this,
StatusBar.setTranslucent(false);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Flash upload image resize client side Does anyone got an ideia on how to get client side image resize using flash.
Example:
Client chooses an image with 1200x800 and before it uploads it flash will turn it into half of it or something.
Any thoughts?

A: http://www.shift8creative.com/projects/agile-uploader/index.html
I just finished this little project - free to use. It won't really allow the end user to select the size, but you can pass a max width and max height constraint. Maybe you can make multiple pages/embeds with different options.

A: Plupload is Opensource, has good documentation and supports multiple platforms, including Gears and HTML5!
http://www.plupload.com/index.php
http://www.plupload.com/example_all_runtimes.php
Ah, yes, it supports resizing images BEFORE uploading. The closest option to aurigma, but for free :)

A: take a look at the script i wrote :
image resizing at client side

A: Silverlight, ActiveX and Java can do this completely client-side. If you have to use Flash you are going to need to use Flash 10 which isn't prevalent quite yet. Here is an example on uploading an image to Flash then resizing it on the client from Flash Cafe.
Other options in Flash 8 or 9 would involve a server-side resizing script, defeating the purpose in most scenarios.

A: You need create a transformation matrix, then draw the original bitmap into a new one using it. Here's the idea in something i am just typing in and have not tested:
function resize(obm:BitmapData, scale:Number): BitmapData {
   var resizeMatrix:Matrix = new Matrix();
   resizeMatrix.scale(scale, scale);

   var rbm:BitmapData = new BitmapData(obm.width * scale, obm.height * scale);
   rbm.draw(obm, resizeMatrix);

   return rbm;
}

I make no claims about the quality of the result, however. I think I remember trying this in the past, not liking the result, and punting...

A: I'm using flash uploader from http://www.resize-before-upload.com, works just fine :)

A: The latest version of SwfUpload does client-side image resizing (using Flash).  A pretty useful tool, although extras like displaying upload progress can get a little fiddly.
http://code.google.com/p/swfupload/


text:
in: Humans, Scientists
Richard Daystrom
United Federation of Planets
Doctor of Computer Science
Committed to a rehabilitation facility (2268)
Played by:
William Marshall
Doctor Richard Daystrom was one of the most influential Human scientists of the 23rd century. Born in 2219, Daystrom was considered a genius in his day, and was compared to Albert Einstein, Kazanga, and Sitar of Vulcan. He was the inventor of the comptronic and duotronic computer systems.
In 2243, at the age of twenty-four, Daystrom became known as a "boy wonder" after he made the duotronic breakthrough, which won him the Nobel and Zee-Magnees Prizes. However, he felt under-appreciated by his peers and successors, and resented them for developing improvements based on his work, while he was, in essence, left behind.
In response, he devoted his full vigor to the development of the multitronic computer system to create a successful artificial intelligence. This culminated in the M-5, a computer system sophisticated enough to smoothly control a starship by itself, possibly precluding the need for organic crews.
In 2268, he came aboard the USS Enterprise to perform a field test of the M-5. During the test run, the M-5 started displaying erratic and violent behavior. This included seizing control of nonessential systems, attacking a freighter, the Woden, without provocation, reacting to war games problems with other starships with full strength attacks, jeopardizing 1,600 lives, and resisting efforts to be disconnected.
It was revealed that Daystrom's programming of the system incorporated his own personality engrams as a model for the computer's personality, which included his psychological status. Unfortunately, Daystrom was mentally unstable and had a nervous breakdown aboard the Enterprise that required him to be subdued, while the M-5 was convinced that the deaths it caused required it to commit suicide. After the incident, Dr. Daystrom was committed to a mental rehabilitation facility in 2268. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer")
Image of Daystrom in Enterprise-D computer
Daystrom's fallacy did not appear to have much impact on the esteem granted to him and his work. The Daystrom Institute, one of the most prominent Federation research centers, was named after him, as was the Daystrom Award. (TNG: "The Measure Of A Man", "Eye of the Beholder")
A biography of Daystrom was present in the USS Enterprise-D's library computer, as was a photo of him. They were visible when Data was assimilating Dixon Hill novels in 2364. (TNG: "The Big Goodbye")
The illustration used as Daystrom's photo was from a FASA RPG module, The Federation.
Daystrom Conference Room
Richard Daystrom was played by William Marshall. He filmed his scenes between Thursday 7 December 1967 and Monday 11 December 1967, and on Wednesday 13 December 1967 and Thursday 14 December 1967 on Desilu Stage 9.
In the first draft script for The Ultimate Computer, he was called John Daystrom.
In an early draft of TNG: "Booby Trap", the character which became Leah Brahms was instead to have the surname "Daystrom", and she was to be Dr. Daystrom's great-great-granddaughter. The TNG casting department didn't realize this would call for a black actress to play the role until after Susan Gibney had been cast for the part. Although the character was thereafter renamed (at the suggestion of Script Coordinator Eric A. Stillwell), the Daystrom link was retained by referring to her as having graduated from the Daystrom Institute. (Star Trek Encyclopedia; [1])
Richard Daystrom appears in the novel The Rift by Peter David, as one of several Federation scientists who accompany Kirk on an embassy to a reclusive and advanced race, the Caligar. Daystrom confides that, although many consider his intellect to be undiminished, his confidence has deserted him, making him incapable of any new ideas. In an epilogue to the novel, however, Daystrom combines observations of the Caligar's technology with his previously discarded M-5 research, to produce the forerunner of the 24th century holodeck.
An entry about Richard Daystrom was included in Who's Who in Star Trek 1 from DC Comics, which cites his birthplace as Göteborg (also known as Gothenburg), Sweden.
FASA's RPG sourcebook The Federation claims he was born in New Orleans and that he has a son named Richard Daystrom II.
According to the Ship Construction Manual, Daystrom's father was named Randall L. Daystrom.
Richard Daystrom at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works


LG has confirmed the rumoured LG G2 Mini, posting a picture of the new handset to its Facebook page.
The LG Mobile page shows the rear of the Mini handset next to the LG G2, which carries the date of the launch of that device - 7 August 2013. The smaller handset, however, gives away very few details, except that it has the same rear-mounted volume controls as its bigger brother.
The caption posted along with the image reads, "Experience the MINI. Mobile World Congress. 2014-02-24".
The remainder of the image is given over to making comparisons to small pink things. There's a small shoe, a small starfish and a small cupcake. Each of the mini artefacts has a pink colour highlight. We're not sure exactly what LG is getting at here, we're hoping it's some suggestion that pink gadgets are cool, and not some sort of suggestion that those who like pink might like a small phone too.
There's no mention of the specs, however previous rumours suggest a 4.3-inch 960 x 540 pixel resolution display, 1.2GHz Snapdragon 400 processor and 2GB of RAM. It's said to launch with Android 4.4 KitKat, although like the LG G2, we'd expect plenty of LG additions, some of which are very good.
Although these specs are not confirmed, it looks as though the LG G2 Mini is going to be following the HTC One mini and Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini down the smaller-size-means-smaller-specs route, rather than giving you the full powerhouse experience like the Sony Xperia Z1 Compact.
It looks like all will be revealed at Mobile World Congress 2014, where LG is also set to unveil the LG G Pro 2.


text:
Q: ng-options not binding when it has preselected values I am using select2 to create a div with tags like functionality when creating a new post.
Stack is Angular 1.6.x
It works well when I am creating a new post BUT when I add pre-selected values when editing the said post, the preselected values never change from the default.
In a nutshell, the values are not binding.
See below:
HTML snippet:

  Tags
    <select name="tags" class="tagsSearch" class="form-control" id="tags"
            ng-options="tag as tag for tag in post.tags track by tag"
            ng-model="post.tags" style="width: 100%" multiple>
    </select>

Note: it looks messy but I got this to work to show my original tags
Controller snippet:
$http.get('/api/post', {params: { title: $scope.title }})
.then(function(res){
   $scope.post = res.data.post;
});

$scope.updatePost = function() {
  console.log($scope.post.tags);
};

The problem is that the tags do not bind, so if the values are: tag1, tag2, tag3 at rendering and I add: tag4 - updatePost consoles tag1, tag2 and tag3
PS: My tags are an array of strings and have no keys to it like an ID (saw some other post which was referencing to them).
Very lost. Any input would be highly appreciated.
Thanks
EDIT - 28th April 2018:
I have updated my tags to be objects of an array like this:
[
  {tag: "tag1", _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c81"},
  {tag: "tag2", _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c80"},
  {tag: "tag3", _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c7f"}
]

It still doesn't work when I do it like this:
<select name="tags" class="tagsSearch" class="form-control" id="tags"
        ng-options="tag as tag.tag for tag in post.tags track by tag._id"
        ng-model="post.tags" style="width: 100%" multiple>
</select>

The console.log still only captures the pre-existing tags. New ones are ignored.

A: ng-model is holding the same array post.tags. Please use a different ng-model for holding the selected tags.
HTML:

    List of Tags:

{{tag.tag}}

  Select Tags:
    <select multiple ui-select2 class="form-control" data-ng-model="selectedTags" >
        <option data-ng-repeat="tag in post.tags" value="{{tag._id}}" text="">{{tag.tag}}</option>
    </select>

Controller:
var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['ui.select2']);

function MyCtrl($scope) {
    $scope.selectedTags = [4]; // Averell is preselected (id:4)
    $scope.post = {
       tags: [
    {tag: "Angular JS", _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c81"},
    {tag: "Java", _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c80"},
    {tag: "JQuery", _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c7f"}
  ]};
};

Please check this DEMO and check whether you get what you are looking for.

A: I used angular select documentation as a reference and created a plunker from their example found here.
I used this blob to simulate your data set.
This is what my select directive looks like. I would suggest that you not overwrite the binding for the array with the bind for the selected item, that is what is causing you problems.

(function(angular) {
  'use strict';
angular.module('defaultValueSelect', [])
  .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope','$http', function($scope,$http) {
    var url = "https://jsonblob.com/api/jsonBlob/aa6b4eb4-5284-11e8-a5ee-fd00735e3b38";
    $http
        .get(url)
        .then(function(response){
            $scope.post = {
                tag: response.data,
                selected: response.data[0]
            };
        })
 }]);
})(window.angular);

  <form name="myForm">
    Make a choice:
    <select name="mySelect" id="mySelect"
      ng-options="option.tag for option in post.tag track by option._id"
      ng-model="post.selected" multiple></select>
  </form>

  <tt>option = {{post.selected}}</tt>

Happy Coding

A: I think you can try to remove the element from the DOM and add it again with the new values. You can use ng-if with a flag..

  Tags
    <select name="tags" class="tagsSearch" class="form-control" id="tags"
            ng-options="tag as tag for tag in post.tags track by tag"
            ng-model="post.tags" style="width: 100%" multiple>
    </select>

Now the place where you want to update the data, put the following code:
(Note: You need to inject $timeout in the controller)
//Default Value
$scope.someflag = true;

//Update Data
$scope.myNewData = function(){
  //Remove from DOM
  $scope.someflag = false;

  //Add to the DOM with some delay
  $timeout(function(){
    $scope.someflag = true;
  })
}

A: Below implementation might be what you asked for:
HTML:
 <form name="myForm">
    Make a choice:
    <select name="mySelect" id="mySelect"
      ng-options="option.tag for option in post.tag track by option._id"
      ng-model="post.selected" multiple></select>

      <button ng-click="updatePost()"> Add Tag</button>
 </form>

JS:
(function(angular) {
  'use strict';
  angular.module('defaultValueSelect', [])
    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$http', function($scope, $http) {
      var url = "https://jsonblob.com/api/jsonBlob/aa6b4eb4-5284-11e8-a5ee-fd00735e3b38";
      var index = 4;
      var extraObj = {
        tag: "tag",
        _id: "5ae410756b7a61080cd17c7"
      };
      $http
        .get(url)
        .then(function(response) {
          $scope.post = {
            tag: response.data,
            selected: response.data[0]
          };
        });
      $scope.updatePost = function() {
        var tmp = {};
        tmp = angular.copy(extraObj);
        console.log(angular.copy($scope.post));
        tmp.tag += index;
        tmp._id += index;
        $scope.post.tag.push(tmp);
        console.log($scope.post);
        index++;
      }
    }]);
})(window.angular);

For working code refer to this plunkr: plnkr.co/edit/cwDRa2Qjg2IlUi5JOAPj

A: Try and see if this works:
ng-options="tag as tag for tag in post.tags track by tag.id"
Only change being track by tag.id. If there is a different key in the tag object, that can also be used instead of id.
The HTML snippet with that change:

  Tags
  <select name="tags" class="tagsSearch" class="form-control" id="tags"
          ng-options="tag as tag for tag in post.tags track by tag.id"
          ng-model="post.tags" style="width: 100%" multiple>
  </select>


Hostel start-up incubator along with his best friend, Big Head, pompous Gilfoyle and dry-witted Dinesh. These social misfits live under the watch of Erlich, a self-satisfied dotcom millionaire who lets them stay in his house for free - as long as he gets a ten percent stake in their projects.
After a failed pitch to billionaire venture capitalist Peter Gregory, Richard seems destined to remain at his job at the tech company Hooli, founded by the megalomaniacal Gavin Belson. When Monica, Gregory's head of operations, and Jared, a Hooli executive, realize the value of the site's compression algorithm, a bidding war erupts between Belson and Gregory, with Richard caught in the middle.


Your tastebuds will do a little jig with this heavenly mash up- Chocolate graham cracker (pretzel shaped) drenched in a sweet creamy yogurt.
These are the best snack ever! The chocolate grahams are perfectly paired with the white yogurt coating. YUM!!!
Simply Devine. These are so good. Cannot eat just one..I have never been one to sit and much on a whole bag of a snack, but sure can with these.


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text:
Empty chairs for MH17 victims outside Russia's Hague Embassy
08 March, 2020, 09:45 pm
Last modified: 08 March, 2020, 09:46 pm
Angry families of MH17 victims accuse Russia of lying
Dutch MH17 trial resumes, defence seeks more time after Covid-19 break
Dutch MH17 trial suspended until June 8 to give defence more time to prepare
Dutch MH17 trial to continue behind closed doors due to coronavirus
Trial of suspects in 2014 downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 opens
Russia, which has been held politically responsible by the Netherlands and Australia, denies any involvement
A protest sign stands in front of a row of chairs as family members of victims of the MH17 crash lined up empty chairs for each seat on the plane during a protest outside the Russian Embassy in The Hague, Netherlands March 8, 2020. REUTERS/Piroschka van de Wouw
Rows of white chairs were placed in front of Russia's embassy in The Hague on Sunday in a quiet protest by families of those who were shot down with Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on the eve of the trial - in absentia - of four men accused of murder for their involvement.
MH17 was downed over rebel-held territory in eastern Ukraine in July 2014, by what international investigators say was a Russian missile sent to help Moscow-backed rebels fight Ukrainian government forces. All 298 people aboard died, including 196 Dutch citizens.
Russia, which has been held politically responsible by the Netherlands and Australia, denies any involvement.
"This is for me a very beautiful symbol for 298 people who perished. They are gone. My brother never returned," said Piet Ploeg, whose older brother Alex died in the crash.
"The idea of the action is to make perfectly clear to the Russian state that they have to cooperate with the investigation".
Embassy officials did not comment. Last week a spokesman for President Vladimir Putin said the Kremlin would wait for the outcome of the trial, but that it doubted the objectivity of the Dutch-led investigation.
Those present observed two minutes of silence. White roses were placed on some of the chairs, and placards stood in the field. One read "The truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth", and was accompanied by a single white rose.
Victims have been incensed by Russia's denials of involvement in the conflict in Ukraine, its vote to block the establishment of a UN court for MH17, and its steadfast rejection of any responsibility for the downing of the plane.
"For us it's very important that the trial starts, that all the evidence will be presented, and that, in the end, an independent court will reach its verdict. That the world will know what happened, why it happened, and who was responsible. What was the role of Russia," said Ploeg.
The empty chairs, one for each victim, also symbolized the four suspects' absence from the court. They are believed to be in Russia, which will not extradite them, and it is not clear whether any of them will conduct a defense.
Lucy van der Kerk, who lost her aunt, said she was glad the trial was happening, but that even a verdict - likely to be years away - would not take away her family's pain.
"The story will never end for us, because we don't get our aunt back. Those people, they don't come back, so it will always hurt."
Flight MH17
Egypt's Suez Canal revenues expected to hit $7 bln in 2022, says chairman
Canada asks citizens to avoid non-essential travel to Ukraine due to 'Russian aggression'
No justification now for keeping schools closed due to Covid: World Bank expert
Mali's ousted president Ibrahim Boubacar Keita has died, former minister says


text:
Q: Converting string to byte array in C# I'm converting something from VB into C#. Having a problem with the syntax of this statement:
if ((searchResult.Properties["user"].Count > 0))
{
    profile.User = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(searchResult.Properties["user"][0]);
}

I then see the following errors:

Argument 1: cannot convert from 'object' to 'byte[]'
The best overloaded method match for
'System.Text.Encoding.GetString(byte[])' has some invalid arguments

I tried to fix the code based on this post, but still no success:
string User = Encoding.UTF8.GetString("user", 0);

Any suggestions?

A: Encoding.Default should not be used...
Some answers use Encoding.Default, however Microsoft raises a warning against it:

Different computers can use different encodings as the default, and the default encoding can change on a single computer. If you use the Default encoding to encode and decode data streamed between computers or retrieved at different times on the same computer, it may translate that data incorrectly. In addition, the encoding returned by the Default property uses best-fit fallback [i.e. the encoding is totally screwed up, so you can't reencode it back] to map unsupported characters to characters supported by the code page. For these reasons, using the default encoding is not recommended. To ensure that encoded bytes are decoded properly, you should use a Unicode encoding, such as UTF8Encoding or UnicodeEncoding. You could also use a higher-level protocol to ensure that the same format is used for encoding and decoding.

To check what the default encoding is, use Encoding.Default.WindowsCodePage (1250 in my case - and sadly, there is no predefined class of CP1250 encoding, but the object could be retrieved as Encoding.GetEncoding(1250)).
...UTF-8/UTF-16LE encoding should be used instead...
Encoding.ASCII in the most scoring answer is 7bit, so it doesn't work either, in my case:
byte[] pass = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("šarže");
Console.WriteLine(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(pass)); // ?ar?e

Following Microsoft's recommendation:
var utf8 = new UTF8Encoding();
byte[] pass = utf8.GetBytes("šarže");
Console.WriteLine(utf8.GetString(pass)); // šarže

Encoding.UTF8 recommended by others is an instance of UTF-8 encoding and can be also used directly or as
var utf8 = Encoding.UTF8 as UTF8Encoding;

Encoding.Unicode is popular for string representation in memory, because it uses fixed 2 bytes per char, so one can jump to n-th character in constant time at cost of more memory usage: it is UTF-16LE. In MSVC# The *.cs files are in UTF-8 BOM by default and string constants in them converted to UTF-16LE at compile time (see @OwnagelsMagic comment), but it is NOT defined as default: many classes like StreamWriter uses UTF-8 as default.
...but it is not used always
Default encoding is misleading: .NET uses UTF-8 everywhere (including strings hardcoded in the source code) and UTF-16LE (Encoding.Unicode) to store strings in memory, but Windows actually uses 2 other non-UTF8 defaults: ANSI codepage (for GUI apps before .NET) and OEM codepage (aka DOS standard). These differs from country to country (for instance, Windows Czech edition uses CP1250 and CP852) and are oftentimes hardcoded in windows API libraries. So if you just set UTF-8 to console by chcp 65001 (as .NET implicitly does and pretends it is the default) and run some localized command (like ping), it works in English version, but you get tofu text in Czech Republic.
Let me share my real world experience: I created WinForms application customizing git scripts for teachers. The output is obtained on the background anynchronously by a process described by Microsoft as (bold text added by me):

The word "shell" in this context (UseShellExecute) refers to a graphical shell (similar to the Windows shell, ANSI CP) rather than command shells (for example, bash or sh, OEM CP) and lets users launch graphical applications or open documents with messed output in non-US environment.

So effectively GUI defaults to UTF-8, process defaults to CP1250 and console defaults to 852. So the output is in 852 interpreted as UTF-8 interpreted as CP1250. I got tofu text from which I could not deduce the original codepage due to the double conversion. I was pulling my hair for a week to figure out to explicitly set UTF-8 for process script and convert the output from CP1250 to UTF-8 in the main thread. Now it works here in the Eastern Europe, but Western Europe Windows uses 1252. ANSI CP is not determined easily as many commands like systeminfo are also localized and other methods differs from version to version: in such environment displaying national characters reliably is almost unfeasible.
So until the half of 21st century, please DO NOT use any "Default Codepage" and set it explicitly (to UTF-8 or UTF-16LE if possible).

A: A refinement to JustinStolle's edit (Eran Yogev's use of BlockCopy).
The proposed solution is indeed faster than using Encoding.
Problem is that it doesn't work for encoding byte arrays of uneven length.
As given, it raises an out-of-bound exception.
Increasing the length by 1 leaves a trailing byte when decoding from string.
For me, the need came when I wanted to encode from DataTable to JSON.
I was looking for a way to encode binary fields into strings and decode from string back to byte[].
I therefore created two classes - one that wraps the above solution (when encoding from strings it's fine, because the lengths are always even), and another that handles byte[] encoding.
I solved the uneven length problem by adding a single character that tells me if the original length of the binary array was odd ('1') or even ('0')
As follows:
public static class StringEncoder
{
    static byte[] EncodeToBytes(string str)
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[str.Length * sizeof(char)];
        System.Buffer.BlockCopy(str.ToCharArray(), 0, bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        return bytes;
    }
    static string DecodeToString(byte[] bytes)
    {
        char[] chars = new char[bytes.Length / sizeof(char)];
        System.Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, 0, chars, 0, bytes.Length);
        return new string(chars);
    }
}

public static class BytesEncoder
{
    public static string EncodeToString(byte[] bytes)
    {
        bool even = (bytes.Length % 2 == 0);
        char[] chars = new char[1 + bytes.Length / sizeof(char) + (even ? 0 : 1)];
        chars[0] = (even ? '0' : '1');
        System.Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, 0, chars, 2, bytes.Length);

        return new string(chars);
    }
    public static byte[] DecodeToBytes(string str)
    {
        bool even = str[0] == '0';
        byte[] bytes = new byte[(str.Length - 1) * sizeof(char) + (even ? 0 : -1)];
        char[] chars = str.ToCharArray();
        System.Buffer.BlockCopy(chars, 2, bytes, 0, bytes.Length);

        return bytes;
    }
}

A: var result = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(text);

A: Also you can use an Extension Method to add a method to the string type as below:
static class Helper
{
   public static byte[] ToByteArray(this string str)
   {
      return System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(str);
   }
}

And use it like below:
string foo = "bla bla";
byte[] result = foo.ToByteArray();

A: This question has been answered sufficiently many times, but with C# 7.2 and the introduction of the Span type, there is a faster way to do this in unsafe code:
public static class StringSupport
{
    private static readonly int _charSize = sizeof(char);

    public static unsafe byte[] GetBytes(string str)
    {
        if (str == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(str));
        if (str.Length == 0) return new byte[0];

        fixed (char* p = str)
        {
            return new Span<byte>(p, str.Length * _charSize).ToArray();
        }
    }

    public static unsafe string GetString(byte[] bytes)
    {
        if (bytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(bytes));
        if (bytes.Length % _charSize != 0) throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid {nameof(bytes)} length");
        if (bytes.Length == 0) return string.Empty;

        fixed (byte* p = bytes)
        {
            return new string(new Span<char>(p, bytes.Length / _charSize));
        }
    }
}

Keep in mind that the bytes represent a UTF-16 encoded string (called "Unicode" in C# land).
Some quick benchmarking shows that the above methods are roughly 5x faster than their Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(...)/GetString(...) implementations for medium sized strings (30-50 chars), and even faster for larger strings. These methods also seem to be faster than using pointers with Marshal.Copy(..) or Buffer.MemoryCopy(...).

A: static byte[] GetBytes(string str)
{
     byte[] bytes = new byte[str.Length * sizeof(char)];
     System.Buffer.BlockCopy(str.ToCharArray(), 0, bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
     return bytes;
}

static string GetString(byte[] bytes)
{
     char[] chars = new char[bytes.Length / sizeof(char)];
     System.Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, 0, chars, 0, bytes.Length);
     return new string(chars);
}

A: If the result of, 'searchResult.Properties [ "user" ] [ 0 ]', is a string:
if ( ( searchResult.Properties [ "user" ].Count > 0 ) ) {

   profile.User = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString ( searchResult.Properties [ "user" ] [ 0 ].ToCharArray ().Select ( character => ( byte ) character ).ToArray () );

}

The key point being that converting a string to a byte [] can be done using LINQ:
.ToCharArray ().Select ( character => ( byte ) character ).ToArray () )

And the inverse:
.Select ( character => ( char ) character ).ToArray () )

A: Before C# 11
ReadOnlySpan<byte> before = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello!");

In C# 11 you can now simply append a u8 suffix to your string literals to get them in UTF-8 right away
ReadOnlySpan<byte> now = "hello!"u8;

Read the docs on UTF-8 string literals

A: This what worked for me
byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(textString);

And in reverse:
string str = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);

A: Does anyone see any reason why not to do this?
mystring.Select(Convert.ToByte).ToArray()

A: In C# 11 you can use UTF-8 String Literals which makes it super easy and has better performance and no memory allocation.
byte[] array = "some text";

OR, if you already have a string value:
string input = "some text";
byte[] array = input;

This is an example of the different between using the old way of UTF-8 encdoing (GetBytes) to the C# 11 UTF-8 String Literlas way (GetBytesNew).

A: If you already have a byte array then you will need to know what type of encoding was used to make it into that byte array.
For example, if the byte array was created like this:
byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(someString);

You will need to turn it back into a string like this:
string someString = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes);

If you can find in the code you inherited, the encoding used to create the byte array then you should be set.

A: Building off Ali's answer, I would recommend an extension method that allows you to optionally pass in the encoding you want to use:
using System.Text;
public static class StringExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a byte array from the string, using the
    /// System.Text.Encoding.Default encoding unless another is specified.
    /// </summary>
    public static byte[] ToByteArray(this string str, Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default)
    {
        return encoding.GetBytes(str);
    }
}

And use it like below:
string foo = "bla bla";

// default encoding
byte[] default = foo.ToByteArray();

// custom encoding
byte[] unicode = foo.ToByteArray(Encoding.Unicode);

A: First of all, add the System.Text namespace
using System.Text;

Then use this code
string input = "some text";
byte[] array = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input);

Hope to fix it!

A: use this
byte[] myByte= System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.Default.GetBytes(myString);

A: The following approach will work only if the chars are 1 byte. (Default unicode will not work since it is 2 bytes)
public static byte[] ToByteArray(string value)
{
    char[] charArr = value.ToCharArray();
    byte[] bytes = new byte[charArr.Length];
    for (int i = 0; i < charArr.Length; i++)
    {
        byte current = Convert.ToByte(charArr[i]);
        bytes[i] = current;
    }

    return bytes;
}

Keeping it simple

A: You could use MemoryMarshal API to perform very fast and efficient conversion. String will implicitly be cast to ReadOnlySpan<byte>, as MemoryMarshal.Cast accepts either Span<byte> or ReadOnlySpan<byte> as an input parameter.
public static class StringExtensions
{
    public static byte[] ToByteArray(this string s) => s.ToByteSpan().ToArray(); //  heap allocation, use only when you cannot operate on spans
    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> ToByteSpan(this string s) => MemoryMarshal.Cast<char, byte>(s);
}

Following benchmark shows the difference:
Input: "Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s,"

|                       Method |       Mean |     Error |    StdDev |  Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated |
|----------------------------- |-----------:|----------:|----------:|-------:|------:|------:|----------:|
| UsingEncodingUnicodeGetBytes | 160.042 ns | 3.2864 ns | 6.4099 ns | 0.0780 |     - |     - |     328 B |
| UsingMemoryMarshalAndToArray |  31.977 ns | 0.7177 ns | 1.5753 ns | 0.0781 |     - |     - |     328 B |
|           UsingMemoryMarshal |   1.027 ns | 0.0565 ns | 0.1630 ns |      - |     - |     - |         - |

A: This work for me, after that I could convert put my picture in a bytea field in my database.
using (MemoryStream s = new MemoryStream(DirEntry.Properties["thumbnailphoto"].Value as byte[]))
{
    return s.ToArray();
}

A: Thank you Pawel Maga
your contribution can be completed like this:
    public static byte[] ToByteArray(this string s) => s.ToByteSpan().ToArray();
    public static string FromByteArray(this byte[] bytes) => ToCharSpan(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(bytes)).ToString();
    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> ToByteSpan(this string str) => MemoryMarshal.Cast<char, byte>(str);
    public static ReadOnlySpan<char> ToCharSpan(this ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes) => MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, char>(bytes);

A: This has been answered quite a lot, but for me, the only working method is this one:
    public static byte[] StringToByteArray(string str)
    {
        byte[] array = Convert.FromBase64String(str);
        return array;
    }


Ever have that nagging feeling?
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Given this gap, it's important to assure you are aware of all the intricacies when making decisions in your 401k. So after reviewing hundreds of 401k plans, we have complied the top 6 biggest missed opportunities people make within their 401k plans.
When leaving an employer, sometimes leaving the plan where it's currently held is the best option. Often, we see quality investment choices in 401k accounts with cheaper expenses than you could access outside of the 401k. Additionally, in the current low-interest rate environment, cash/stable value choices within 401k's can be a good choice for some of your fixed income investments. It's also important to determine, if your employer will be depositing any other contributions to your plan after you leave/retire. It can be a major hassle if you move your plan before the contribution is made.
Several companies are now enforcing mandatory rollover dates once you retire or change jobs. Situations like this are best handled with analysis of your entire situation. There could be additional decision-making involved as it relates to social security taxability, other pension decisions, or favorable investment choices in your current plan. Decisions made in isolation could cost you more in the long run.
It's amazing the amount of higher income clients that are not contributing the max to their 401k accounts. By missing this opportunity, they are potentially paying higher tax rates now on their income verses later. Especially for individuals and couples in the 25% Federal tax bracket or higher (excluding state tax). This could be a major benefit down the road that you are skipping now. Why wouldn't you want to shield funds from being taxed now that could be taxed lower in retirement? There could also be extra taxes you are paying on other investment income (3.8% surtax) if above $200k/$250k AGI levels by not deferring more in your 401k now.
This is one of the most costly mistakes we see. With more plans offering opportunities to contribute to your Roth 401k, participants are considering more Roth conversions. The appeal of getting more money in to tax-free accounts is tempting. But many don't realize it could cost tens of thousands in unnecessary taxes if done in a high income year. This decision should factor in your potential future tax brackets. Without proper tax planning from a professional, a large tax bill could await next April.
Can you believe 1 out of 4 people miss out on a portion of their employer match? Some companies are extra generous when it comes to matching employee's contributions in 401k accounts, with some in the double digit percentages of your salary annually. Make sure you determine the percentage your employer will "match" your contributions and make a point to contribute at least this much.
The verdict is in and it shouldn't surprise you. Fidelity found that 77% of people feel they lack time and skill to select appropriate investments in their 401k. This is demonstrated in studies from Morningstar and Vanguard showing the effect of behavioral mistakes on the average investor's results. This is because most investors don't have a disciplined plan to guide them. Without targets and regular reviews, an investor is left to haphazard emotional decision-making.
Seek out a fiduciary financial advisor to discuss how to optimize your 401k within an effective investment strategy. This is the best way we've found to help you stay on track to meet your targets and accomplish your goals long-term.


bio Buxom blonde Kenzie Taylor is an outgoing and social sweetheart. Born and raised in Michigan, Kenzie enjoys the outdoors and has a passion for hiking, kayaking, tennis, golf, and fishing. In high school she was both a softball player and cheerleader, and says she was "friends with a little bit of every group." At 17 she started working as a model, and not long after she started stripping in Florida before flying out to California to shoot her first scenes.


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Life, Podcast February 13, 2015 March 12, 2018
Across the Margin: The Podcast, Episode 1 – A Primer
by: Michael Shields and Chris Thompson Across the Margin is proud to present the debut of its podcast, Beyond the Margin…. Available on iTunes Now!! We here at…
Film & Television April 8, 2013 July 22, 2014
Mad Men Season 6, Episode 1 & 2 Deconstructed
by: L.P. Hanners We begin our weekly Mad Men recaps with a walk through "The Doorway"….. "What are the events in life? It's like you…
Film & Television October 12, 2012 July 23, 2014
It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia Season 8, Episode 1 Deconstructed
by: Douglas Grant The first of our weekly recaps where we discuss the adventures of five of Philadelphia's most depraved underachievers in 'It's Always Sunny in…


We want to spread the joy of skating so our gift to the community this holiday season is FREE skate lessons!
This introductory group skate lesson is taught by instructor Michael Williams. Quad skate rental is included with the lesson. Please arrive 15 minutes early to get checked in and lace your skates up. Tickets are limited and should be reserved in advance.
Laser Tag Camp @ Fuze Fit 2 Play!


Co-produced by alt-rock architect John Agnello, Kurt Vile's fourth album finds him gradually emerging from the lo-fi murk of previous releases. He also cuts way back on the snarling punk guitars, turning instead to acoustic fingerpicking swathed in reverb (and backed by his trusty band of Violators). But it's a simple transition, because he's such a phenomenal songwriter, capable of penning exquisitely moody folk-rock numbers, like "Baby's Arms" and "Peeping Tomboy." His lazy drawl, meanwhile, is the glue that holds it all together.


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2015 Chicago Elections
Denied a Second Term, 'I'm Leaving Office on a High Note,' O'Connor Says
By Heather Cherone |&nbspMay 18, 2015 6:57am
Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Ald. Mary O'Connor (41st) laugh at a 2013 news conference.
EDISON PARK — Ald. Mary O'Connor (41st) will spend Monday — her last day in office — relishing her achievements and looking forward to the next phase of her life.
"I'm proud of what I've accomplished," O'Connor said. "I'm leaving on a high note, with quite a legacy. I think I've accomplished more than almost any other one-term alderman."
O'Connor — whose loss shocked many political observers and leaves Mayor Rahm Emanuel without one of his most stalwart allies on the City Council — said she was disappointed by her defeat at the hands of former Chicago firefighter Anthony Napolitano, who will be sworn in Monday.
"But that's politics," O'Connor said. "I'll move on. There are many more things I want to accomplish."
In her final email to constituents, O'Connor said serving as alderman from 2011-15 had "been the honor of a lifetime."
As she did during the campaign against Napolitano and businessman Joe Lomanto, who finished third, O'Connor touted the more than $100 million invested in 41st Ward schools, roads, bridges, parks, sewers and utility infrastructure during her term.
"I know one thing for certain — I am handing off the 41st Ward to your next alderman in far better shape than when I first became alderman," O'Connor said.
Former Ald. Brian Doherty, who represented the 41st Ward from 1991-2011, campaigned for Napolitano, who promised to be an independent voice on the City Council.
O'Connor declined to discuss whether her support of the mayor and their close relationship helped or hurt her campaign.
"The loss was caused by many different things," O'Connor said, declining to discuss in detail the "political autopsy" she conducted with her team after her to loss to Napolitano by 615 votes. "I want to stay positive."
At the top of O'Connor's new to-do list is finding a new home for O'Connor's Market and Deli, which closed May 1 when a new owner bought its building, and continuing to run her catering business, Unforgettable Edibles.
"I've just fast-forwarded those plans," O'Connor said. "As one door opens, another closes."
O'Connor spent her last weeks in office tying up what she called "loose ends" and putting together files on outstanding issues for Napolitano and his staff. O'Connor and Napolitano exchanged messages during the transition, but never spoke, they both said.
At the top of the list O'Connor has waiting for Napolitano is a proposal to open a medical marijuana dispensary near Milwaukee and Devon avenues. A community meeting is set for Tuesday, and city officials are expected to consider the matter May 28.
In addition, O'Connor said she pushed Emanuel to find the money for an annex to Ebinger Elementary School, which is severely overcrowded.
Faced with what Chicago Public Schools officials say is a $1.1 billion deficit, the budget for 2016-17 includes no money for additional classroom space anywhere in the city.
"I'm hoping the mayor can find the money from somewhere else," O'Connor said. "I told him it is important to me."
Other ongoing projects include the addition of equipment to the recently renovated playground at Pleasant Point Park, 6813 W. Imlay St., and plans to build a multi-unit development at Oketo and Northshore avenues on land that was once home to a church, O'Connor said.
Crews are also set to begin replacing the sewer underneath Raven Street as part of a citywide project to reduce flooding, O'Connor said.
In addition, annexes at Oriole Park Elementary School and Wildwood Elementary School are set to open in September, ending years of severe overcrowding.
"It is my strong belief that the 41st Ward is — without question — the best place in Chicago to call home or start a business," O'Connor wrote to her constituents. "We have great schools, safe streets, and a sense of community that cannot be matched. It is my hope that Ald.-elect Napolitano will do everything in his power to keep it that way. In that spirit, I wish him and all of you the very best."
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What Is That Mysterious Orange Globe in Bartelme Park?


We recently released a self-publishing survey, asking writers to identify their top two publishing challenges.
Over 300 writers replied. The Gutsy team identified five top areas where writers struggle with self-publishing. Here's the top reported concerns and a sampling of the comments.
Because of the responses received, we added a whole new marketing module to our self-publishing course. Plus, we created a bonus pack of resources to help you finish writing your book.
The self-publishing course addresses all these questions (and many more) CLICK HERE to see everything in the self-publishing class.
Thanks again to those of you that answered the survey. You really helped us improve the class!
ALERT: We just published a FREE lesson on the 10 Things You Must Do BEFORE You Publish. Watch to the end of the lesson and you'll get a special gift from us us to help you on your publishing journey.
If you are going to publish a book, watch this first!
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airfoil technology
piston aero engines
jet engines
slotted wings and wing additions
development of swept wings
Horten flying wings
Northrop flying wing
forward-swept wings
delta wings
variable-sweep wings
supercritical airfoil
the monoplane
variable pitch propellers
metal skinned aircraft
retractable landing gear
NACA engine cowling
stealth technology
aerial refuelling
aircraft noise reduction
V 2 missile technology
early X Planes
X15 and hypersonics
Nord Gerfault X-plane
lifting bodies
VTOL and STOL Aircraft
Soviet composite Aircraft
technology of landing
technology of navigation
development of autopilots
advanced aircraft materials
Nuclear powered aircraft
the area rule
A Vought F-8A Crusader was selected by NASA as the test-bed aircraft to install an experimental supercritical wing in place of the conventional wing. The unique design of the supercritical wing reduces the effect of shock waves on the upper surface near Mach 1, which in turn reduces drag.
Sometimes, breakthroughs in technology are not used in the way that their inventors intend. They may lead to surprising applications. The supercritical airfoil, first developed by a NASA aerodynamicist in the 1960s, provides an excellent example.
An airfoil is the shape of a wing's cross-section. Slice a wing like you would slice salami and you can see the shape of the airfoil. This shape defines how much lift the wing generates at various speeds. By the 1950s, airfoil research in the United States and most other countries had reached a standstill. Aerodynamicists had become more interested in other research questions, such as how the air flowed over an aircraft's skin when it travelled faster than the speed of sound (Mach 1) and how much wings should be swept back (or angled back) from the fuselage of the plane. Although designers still developed new airfoils, they did so on a case-by-case basis for use on specific airplanes. Few undertook basic research on airfoil shapes for a whole class of aircraft.
That changed in the 1960s when NASA scientist Richard T. Whitcomb developed the supercritical airfoil. Whitcomb was already famous for developing the "Area Rule" of supersonic flight which won him the Collier Trophy and which resulted in some fighters of the mid 1950s having a pinch midway along their fuselage, like an hourglass. Probably no one understood how air flowed over an aircraft as it approached the speed of sound better than Whitcomb, and he applied that knowledge to a new problem associated with the compressibility of air over an aircraft wing as it approached the speed of sound.
At the time, commercial passenger jets like the Boeing 707 cruised at speeds of around Mach 0.7 to Mach 0.8 ("cruise speed" is the speed at which an airplane is most fuel efficient; commercial airplanes operate at this speed in order to be economical and not waste fuel). The people who ran the airlines wanted planes that could travel even faster, at Mach 0.9 or 0.95, and still be fuel efficient.
But as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound, it reaches a point where the air flowing over the wings reaches supersonic speeds though the plane itself is still moving slower than Mach 1, causing a dramatic increase in drag. The airspeed at which this occurs is called the critical Mach number for the wing. For example, if the air flowing over a wing reaches Mach 1 when the wing is only moving at Mach 0.8, the wing's critical Mach number is 0.8. The spot where this happens on the wing is usually about halfway between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing.
Cross-sections of three supercritical airfoils. These are considerably blunter and thicker than conventional transonic airfoils.
Designers deal with this dramatic increase in drag by angling the wings back from the fuselage, making them thinner, and using other features designed to reduce drag. But all of these solutions increase structural weight, decreasing range and fuel economy, and making them unattractive for commercial use. In addition, thinner wings cannot be used to store fuel, a common location for fuel tanks on passenger planes.
In the early 1960s, Whitcomb sought to develop a new airfoil shape that would allow the wing to reach a higher speed before the airflow over it reached the speed of sound. He proposed a new airfoil shape featuring a well-rounded leading edge, relatively flatter upper surface (not as curved or cambered as other wings) that pushed the critical Mach point farther back on the wings, and a sharply down-curving trailing edge that increased lift. He called this the "supercritical" airfoil. Whitcomb tested this wing in NASA's 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel at Langley, Virginia. These tests suggested that the supercritical wing might allow planes to travel up to 10 percent faster. Alternatively, a plane with the new wing could fly more efficiently at the same speed (for example, a plane that normally cruised at Mach 0.7 could be equipped with a supercritical wing and achieve better fuel economy).
Supercritical wing on the F-8 research airplane.
The wind tunnel tests, however, involved small models with low Reynolds numbers making tests of the supercritical wing unreliable. For full-scale tests, NASA engineers chose a Navy Vought F-8U fighter as a test aircraft. The F-8U was normally a fighter aircraft capable of supersonic flight, but NASA engineers wanted to use it to determine if an aircraft could cruise just below the speed of sound, a speed range known as the transonic region. NASA engineers equipped the plane with a slender, graceful supercritical wing and tested it in 1971. The F-8U flight tests proved that Whitcomb's wind tunnel results were correct: the supercritical airfoil would allow planes to cruise at higher speeds. Passenger jets could be equipped with wings that would allow them to fly at Mach 0.9 or 0.95 instead of Mach 0.7 or Mach 0.8, and still be relatively fuel efficient.
NASA presented the resulting wind tunnel and flight test data at a conference in 1972. Industry designers were intrigued by the data and started to evaluate it. They then came up with a surprising conclusion: instead of increasing cruise speed to around Mach 0.9, they would keep the speed around Mach 0.8, but use the supercritical shapes to increase fuel efficiency. A more efficient aircraft could travel farther on the same amount of fuel. The commercial airlines had told the airplane builders that this was what they wanted—planes that could fly farther more economically rather than planes that could fly faster.
By the mid-1970s, supercritical wings were being incorporated into a whole range of aircraft, from subsonic transports to business jets. In addition to being more fuel efficient, the blunt leading edge of a supercritical wing improved takeoff and landing performance, as well as manoeuvrability. As a result, the most enthusiastic users of supercritical airfoils are designers of cargo transport planes. The Air Force C-17 has a supercritical wing that gives it excellent performance for a plane of its massive size. The supercritical wing may also eventually see use for its original purpose: commercial aircraft designers have recently begun looking at the possibility of designing large passenger jets that can cruise just below the speed of sound.


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PGA Tour Confidential: Tiger Woods, Phil Mickelson miss cut at Greenbrier
By SI Golf Group
Tiger Woods missed the cut at the Greenbrier Classic and will next play at the British Open.
Steve Helber / AP
Every Sunday night, the editorial staff of the SI Golf Group conducts an e-mail roundtable. Check in every week for the unfiltered opinions of our writers and editors and join the conversation in the comments section below.
UNKIND CUTS
Jim Gorant, senior editor, Sports Illustrated: Tiger and Phil both flamed out at the Greenbrier, and Phil immediately lobbied for (and received) a spot in the Scottish Open. What do we make of all that heading into the British?
Jim Herre, managing editor, SI Golf Group: Mickelson simply isn't playing well, and Tiger circa 2012 is, well, inconsistent. I don't see Mickelson as a factor in the British Open. Woods could contend if he putts well. I think he can manage the other bumps and bobs at Lytham.
Mark Godich, senior editor, Sports Illustrated: Phil peaked at Pebble. I applaud him for trying to rediscover the magic in advance of the British. The new Tiger is the inconsistent Tiger.
David Dusek, deputy editor, Golf.com: Phil's game hasn't been solid since his disaster on Augusta's fourth on Sunday at the Masters. His putting is still better than it was last season, but his game seems loose. It's lacking accuracy, and his desire to add the Scottish Open has to tell us he doesn't feel good about it right now. Tiger's missed cut is a lot more surprising, but I'm much less concerned about him. What a difference six months makes.
Gary Van Sickle, senior writer, Sports Illustrated: If Tiger had been serious about winning, he would've seen the course sooner than Wednesday. He had a Nike shoot on Monday. You can't learn the Greenbrier's secrets in one or two rounds. Tiger didn't have the local knowledge he needed. He misread putts and hit shots the wrong distance, unable to judge the effect of the heat and the altitude. We know better than to expect consistency from Phil.
Have a question for Gary Van Sickle's mailbag? E-mail [email protected] or ask it on Facebook.
Jeff Ritter, senior producer, Golf.com: Not a great week for Woods, but I still think he deserves to be the betting favorite at Royal Lytham — although he won't be my pick. Phil's clearly hit a rough patch, and it's hard to see him contending at the British, where he doesn't have a great track record to begin with.
Michael Bamberger, senior writer, Sports Illustrated: The only thing Phil wants more in his golfing life than a U.S. Open is a British Open, and the U.S. Open has come and gone. He must be realizing what all athletes realize, sooner or later: time and chances are slipping away. He's giving himself every chance. I wouldn't read anything into Tiger's MC. His two rounds weren't awful — one under is such a low cut.
Stephanie Wei, contributor, SI Golf+: Phil hasn't played well since he "overdid it" in the weeks leading up to his withdrawal at the Memorial. He just can't figure out the Old White, either. As for Tiger, who knows, but he never seems to play well at courses where he's making his first start.
Alan Shipnuck, senior writer, Sports Illustrated: Phil hasn't been the same since he struck out batting right-handed at Augusta. I wouldn't expect much from him at Lytham. And Tiger is turning into a mini-Phil with his inconsistency — great one week, shaky the next. I guess that means he's due for a good performance at the Open.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Will Tiger and Phil be factors at the British Open?
PAY FOR PLAY?
Gorant: CBS Sports published a story this week claiming that Tiger received $1.5 million and Phil $1 million in indirect payments or de facto appearance fees, which are supposed to be against the rules on the PGA Tour. The tournament allegedly skirts the rules by paying the players for "personal service" contracts, which usually involve showing up at a cocktail party or giving a clinic. Critics say these cash giveaways add to the "haves/have nots" division of Tour events. If it's true, what do we think of all this?
Herre: This sort of payment has always been in play — only the numbers have changed.
Godich: I've got no problem with appearance fees, as long as they're advertised as such. How much has the Tour made because of Tiger and Phil?
Van Sickle: It's been going on for years. The Greater Milwaukee Open lured Lee Trevino for several years, when it was the week before the British Open, with a similar deal. In Europe, they're open about it. On the PGA Tour, it's hidden. What's the point? There is no stopping it. Certainly, the sponsors don't want it stopped. That's the only way Jim Justice is going to land Tiger and Phil for his event.
Shipnuck: If this is what it takes to get big names to second-tier events, so be it. All those Zurich "ambassadors" did wonders for the New Orleans field.
Charlie Hanger, executive editor, Golf.com: It's hard to blame the tournament organizers who can afford it. Their obligation is to get the best field they can. And it's a good investment … as long as the stars make the cut.
Dusek: If that story is true, it sends a message to every tournament director and championship committee: "Unless you are hosting a major or one of a handful of elite events [Wells Fargo, etc.], you've got to buy buzz or be satisfied with being a run-of-the-mill event."
Van Sickle: That message is already sent, Dave, like it or not.
Wei: It is a little amusing if Justice spent all that money to bring the big stars and ended up with Ted Potter Jr. and Troy Kelly in a playoff. All due respect to both players, but I don't think that's what Justice had in mind.
Godich: Every sports league has stars, and the stars get paid more than others. The Tour just needs to be upfront about it.
Ryan Reiterman, senior producer, Golf.com: Jim Justice donated a healthy check to Phil's Birdies for the Brave foundation. If that convinced Phil to show up at the Greenbrier, I don't really have a problem with it. If Justice wrote a check to Phil's personal account, I'd have a bigger problem with it.
Van Sickle: Maybe the tour needs to have appearance fee rules. The fees could be made public and each player could receive only a set number per calendar year — say, three. Once Tiger and Phil have used their three, the price would go up for the guys next in line, like Rickie Fowler, Bubba Watson, Web Simpson, Fred Couples and Ernie Els.
Godich: The biggest story here may be that Tiger is attracting seven-figure appearance fees. Two years ago, who thought we'd be writing that?
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Do you have a problem with pros receiving money as incentive to play in a PGA Tour event?
WEBB SIMPSON MELTS DOWN
Gorant: There's no other way to describe what happened to Webb Simpson on the back nine except "meltdown." Are there long term concerns here, particularly with his putting?
Godich: Nah. The guy just won the U.S. Open. I'd say that's a good measure of a player's game, particularly his putting.
Herre: Simpson is a nice player, but you look at his game, especially his short game, and maybe even his mindset (skipping the British) and you don't see the next Tiger. He'll have a successful career, but he's no world-beater.
Dusek: None. Webb is going to be on the sidelines for a few weeks, staying home with his wife and their about-to-be-born child. His year is already made, and he'll be fine.
Wei: I think Webb just felt the pressure of backing up his major win so quickly.
Van Sickle: The guy wins the U.S. Open, plays a couple more events in its wake, and has a baby on the way. My guess is that he finally hit the wall mentally. He played like a tired golfer. I dismiss this finish completely.
Bamberger: I think there are 100 guys on Tour, or more, who would pay to have Webb's putting game.
Wei: Take away that belly putter and see what happens.
Shipnuck: He'll be fine. It happens to everyone once in a while. Dude's been going hard since Saturday morning at Olympic. All he needs is some rest.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Does Simpson's meltdown concern you?
NO-NAMES VS. BIG STARS
Gorant: After watching the playoff, we know why these guys haven't won before, but Ted Potter, the 28-year-old rookie, finally prevailed. Do you like seeing the nobody-from-nowhere Cinderella have his day in the glass slipper, or would you rather see more of a marquee player win? In other words, were you rooting for Webb today?
Bamberger: Underdogs all the way.
Godich: I loved watching two nobodies grind for their first Tour win.
Herre: Loved Potter. Haven't seen a swing like that on Tour since Furyk broke in. His grip makes Fiori's look weak.
Dusek: This week, I'd rather see two guys battle for a two-year exemption and a trip to Augusta than watch Webb waltz to another big paycheck.
Van Sickle: A great finish. Webb Simpson, the favorite, melted down badly, and then Troy Kelly, who is way too young for a hip replacement but had to have one anyway, made a nice run and appeared to have won it. Then Potter came out of nowhere with a stunning eagle-birdie finish. He blew a short winning putt on the second extra hole but then stiffed it at the par-3 18th for the win. What's not to like? That was one exciting finish.
Hanger: I'd rather have been watching Tiger and Phil than Troy and Ted, but it's still fun to watch an unknown guy get a win. Always interesting to see a player for whom the million bucks and exemption really mean something.
Reiterman: I don't mind a Joe Schmoe every now and then. We've certainly been spoiled this year with a lot of Tiger, Phil, Bubba, Rickie, etc.
Van Sickle: Watching tournaments is about the golf, not the golfers, for real golf fans. If you didn't like the Potter-Kelly finish, you probably don't actually like golf.
Wei: I am a sucker for the underdog, so I'm happy for Ted Potter, but I wish the Cinderella had been Troy Kelly because he's a fellow Washington native. (He's from Tacoma.)
Herre: Also loved how Potter sat there on the veranda with girlfriend and pals — no range for this guy — then got up and went straight to the 18th tee. Faldo was horrified.
Godich: He's no Kenny Perry.
Van Sickle: I like that Potter has a funky swing. He sort of chases after his follow through with a lunge, and he swings hard. I'm looking forward to that magazine swing sequence.
Herre: And his stance appears to be wide open. I can't see how gets the ball on line. I'm eager to see one of the Top 100 Teachers analyze his action.
Shipnuck: I was rooting for Webb. In this age of parity, I'd like to see some guys separate themselves.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Would you rather see little-known players or big stars battle it out on Sunday?
TAKEAWAYS AND TV
Gorant: It was a week for long shots. What did you take away from this week about Troy Kelly Ted Potter Jr. and Charlie Beljan? (By the way, could Nantz work in another mention of Kelly's restaurant? Jeez.)
Van Sickle: The CBS guys probably only knew two things to say about either one of them. So they kept saying them.
Dusek: Nothing. The PGA Tour is full of guys who are capable of getting hot for a week. In the absence of big name players, the Troy Kellys, Charlie Beljans and Ken Dukes of the world get a chance to shine.
Shipnuck: This week was the latest testament to the tremendous depth on Tour. Few golf fans have ever heard of these guys, but they put on a tremendous show.
Godich: Spectacular play, unbelievable shots (to borrow from Ian Baker-Finch). In the end, almost famous, nothing more.
Herre: Lot of IBF today. Too much.
Van Sickle: Note to TV announcers with nothing to say (and you know who you are): If your only comment is to follow a colleague's remark with "does it ever" or "will it ever," you should simply remain silent.
Godich: What was that nonsense from IBF about Potter's ball being close to the divot on the chip shot and how it would've been easier to play if he were right-handed?
Van Sickle: He totally got that call wrong. And then on the slow-mo replay he talked about how cleanly Potter hit the chip. Cleanly? He stuck the wedge into the ground, which was why it ran out so nicely. A good miss. He was oh-for-two there.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Do any of this week's Cinderella stories have staying power?
CHOI STUMBLES BUT RECOVERS
Gorant: Na Yeon Choi lapped the field at Blackwolf Run, 14 years after Se Ri Pak set off the Korean revolution by winning the Open on the same course. Now Choi's victory is only noteworthy for her score. What did you think of Choi this week, and has the globalization of women's golf helped the game?
Herre: You know, aside from the 40+ Korean players, the LPGA hasn't really changed that much. Interesting to hear Dottie Pepper and Annika Sorenstam — remember, these two have had their moments — in total agreement as to why the Koreans are doing so well. They are outworking the Americans and the Europeans.
Godich: I enjoyed it. That was some great TV on the back nine today, between Choi's roller-coaster ride and the work of her caddie. He certainly earned his keep. Loved how he lobbied for a more favorable drop after Choi tugged her tee shot on 10. And the most interesting comment of the week, courtesy of Dottie Pepper: The Americans are being outworked.
Van Sickle: What's different now? Before the Koreans, it was Annika (Swede) and Karrie Webb (Aussie) dominating. In case you haven't noticed, the rest of the world combined is a lot bigger than the U.S. If golf keeps on its present expansion, Americans will likely lose their prominent role in men's golf, too. It's the way of the world.
Wei: Good point. Nothing has changed. It's just that Annika and Karrie looked American, so people felt like they could relate to them better.
Bamberger: I had never watched Choi closely before, but what a swing.
Herre: To NBC/Golf Channel's credit, they did do a nice up-close-and-personal on Choi. It was kind of funny, actually. She only recently made the big effort to learn English (would any American player make a big effort to learn Korean?), and her speech was full of "you knows" and other All-American space fillers.
Wei: Yes, she spoke almost perfect English, with hardly a hint of an accent. Better than many Americans. I was impressed.
Shipnuck: Pak's victory changed everything. This was merely a personal triumph for a superstar-in-waiting.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: What did you take away for Na Yeon Choi's victory?
DOTTIE JOINS THE TEAM
Gorant: Speaking of Dottie Pepper, the Golf + contributor was named an assistant captain for the Solheim Cup. This after being blackballed from the team for a few off-the-cuff comments that were caught on camera a few years back. I know we're all happy for her, but do we think Dottie, who was the Cristina Kim of her day, will bring the U.S. team what it needs?
Bamberger: Do assistant captains hit shots now?
Godich: I want to see how it goes over when she tells the players they need to work harder.
Dusek: Genuine passion for competition and a desire to win can't be anything but positives in the locker room.
Herre: Dottie was never as glib as Kim. She was a smoldering volcano on the course. I think she'll do well as captain, if that should happen, which is not a given. There's already an attractive, full buy-in to the Cup by the U.S. players. They'll get a kick out of, and appreciate, Dottie's passion.
Van Sickle: In addition to passion, which the team already seems to have plenty of, Dottie brings knowledge and experience. I can't think of anyone who should've been appointed instead of her. I like the pick.
Shipnuck: Dottie is the Danny Ainge of golf: if she's on your team, you absolutely love her passion and feistiness. If those qualities bug the other team, all the better.
Wei: The more fire, the better. She's someone I'd want as a captain to get me fired up, and I wouldn't want to be on the other side.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Is Dottie a good addition to the Solheim locker room?
Gorant: The old Michelle Wie made a brief appearance in Wisconsin. Is she rounding back into form, or was it simply one good day with the putter? And earlier in the week Lorena Ochoa announced that she'll play twice this fall. Do you think it's the first step in a comeback for her?
Herre: Can't see Ochoa making a full-time return. Wie is just another player now.
Godich: Wie caught lightning in a bottle. Nothing more. And I wouldn't read too much into Lorena's announcement.
Bamberger: I would read nothing into one low round.
Van Sickle: Even if Ochoa did come back, I don't see her dominating or even being a top-five player. Wie is an enigma. She can shoot 66 in the Open, and she can shoot a million over the next two days. You saw the formula for winning with Choi: putt great. It's the essence of golf. Wie doesn't putt great. Too often, she putts poorly. She has to correct that, if she can, to reach her old potential, which is starting to feel more distant than ever.
Wei: Michelle sounded like she was in a really good place, and I was impressed with her positive outlook when I spoke with her earlier this week. She said she'd been stroking it well the last couple of weeks and felt like nothing was going in, but they sure did on Friday. It's a step in the right direction. She's also been talking a lot with Meg Mallon about putting and really believing that she's a good putter.
Shipnuck: It was great to see Michelle have some fun out there. That's the key for her, and hopefully this week propels her to more good finishes she can build on. Lorena wants to be a mom and a wife foremost, but I could see her cherry-picking a half dozen events a year. That'd be awesome for the sport.
Tell us what you think in the comments section below: Is Michelle Wie turning the corner, or did she simply have one hot round this week?
Correction: An earlier version of this article said that Se Ri Pak won the U.S. Open at Blackwolf Run 10 years ago. It was 14 years ago, in 1998.
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