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Tens of thousands lose internet in Oregon, connection could take weeks to return
The larger outages will take priority. Other smaller connections involving lines to individual homes and neighborhoods could take a week or two.
Author: Galen Ettlin
PORTLAND, Ore. — Tens of thousands of people still do not have internet following the weekend snow and ice storm in Oregon, and Comcast says it could take a few weeks for some people to get back online.
At the peak of the damage, Comcast spokesperson Amy Keiter said more than 200,000 customers lost internet service. That was down to about 76,000 customers Wednesday morning, with the number shrinking as crews made repairs. CenturyLink and Ziply Fiber also reported service interruptions.
Many ongoing utility and power outages are linked to these internet issues.
"If poles are down, it's very likely your internet service is also down," Keiter explained.
She said internet providers must receive clearance from power companies such as Portland General Electric (PGE) to work on utility lines. With so much storm damage to fix, these crews have a lot on their plates.
RELATED: PGE expects 90% of customers with outages will have power by Friday night
"Some areas are going to come back really quickly, and some areas are just going to take some time," Keiter said.
Laura Marshall is a second grade teacher who lives in Oregon City. She lost power and internet days ago, and is still waiting for service to return. In the meantime, she can't reach her students who are online learning.
"It's depressing," Marshall said. "COVID, wildfires, the storm. It's kind of getting to me emotionally."
Maggie Kelly with the Estacada School District shared that sympathy for people in the community.
"A lot of us are local and we're going through the same challenges," Kelly said.
Estacada School District is encouraging impacted families to focus on basic needs first before even trying to attend classes again.
Some students will return to hybrid in-person learning this week. Others who lost power or internet connections are invited to use internet hotspots on campus and in school parking lots.
The district is also delivering meals that don't require power to cook or refrigerate.
"These are the same things we that we witnessed teachers and staff doing during the wildfires," Kelly said.
Meanwhile, power and internet repairs continue.
Keiter explained the larger internet outages connected to electrical system problems will take priority. Smaller connections, such as single downed lines to individual homes and neighborhoods may have to wait a week or two for repairs.
Keiter lost internet and power herself, and said she knows that's frustrating to hear.
"We are working literally around the clock trying to make sure we get customers' services restored," she said.
For people who still have access to a smartphone, internet providers often update outage information through their company apps.
RELATED: Clackamas County restaurants lose thousands of dollars due to winter storm


Meadow Lot with to trees for privacy, or remove them for a better view of the lake and mountains to built your dream home in a gated community with sensible restrictions. Club house, pool, docks, ramps for lake access located on Watts Bar Lake only 8 miles to hospital, shopping and I-40. Under Ground utilities with cable, natural gas, water, phone, electricity and a pump up system. Wild life to include your own Bald Eagle family. Come visit Grande Vista Bay today.


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OPINION S-1479 (January 11, 1980)
HOME RULE: Power of a Home Rule Municipality to Levy Taxes in Excess of Statutory Limit
SPORTS AND GAMING: Horse Racing
MOTOR VEHICLES: Imposition of Reinstatement Fee for Drivers' Licenses Which Have Been Suspended or Revoked
OFFICERS: County Collector - Authority to Pay Over Estimated Tax Payment Receipts
OPINION S-1484 (April 14, 1980)
PUBLIC RECORDS AND INFORMATION: Confidentiality of Personnel Records of Public Officers and Employees
INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION: Power of a County to Provide Contractual Police Services to a City or Village
CONSTITUTION: Requirement of Section 2(a) of Article XIV of the Illinois Constitution of 1970 With Respect to Reading a Constitutional Amendment
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: Whether Bank of a Foreign Nation May Do Trust Business in Illinois
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: A Trust Department of a Bank May Not Establish a Branch Office
OPINION S-1489 (May 12, 1980)
CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE: University Police
MEETINGS: Collective Negotiating Exception to the Open Meetings Act
HOME RULE: Exercise of Exclusive State Power by the General Assembly
OPINION S-1492 (June 6, 1980)
STATE MATTERS: Operation of Section 10.1 of the Illinois Purchasing Act
OPINION S-1493 (June 30, 1980)
REVENUE: Review of Capital Stock Assessments
COMPATIBILITY OF OFFICES: Village Mayor and School Board Member
OPINION S-1495 (July 1, 1980)
PENSIONS: Local Libraries Are Not "Instrumentalities" Within the Meaning and Intent of the Illinois Social Security Enabling Act
STATE MATTERS: Scope of the Facilities for the Handicapped Act
CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE: Strip Searches
HOME RULE: Application of Home Rule Powers to the Escheat of Property
OFFICERS: Employment of Deputies in the Office of Circuit Clerk
OPINION S-1500 (July 24, 1980)
MOTOR VEHICLES: Local Group Soliciting Contributions at Highway Intersection in City
MEETINGS: Tape Recordings
OPINION 80-024 (August 12, 1980)
MEETINGS: Open Meetings Act
TRANSPORTATION: Grants to the Bi-State Development Agency
OFFICERS: Public Defender
OPINION 80-027 (September 4, 1980)
COMPATIBILITY OF OFFICES: State Representative and Township Supervisor (Chairman of the Board of Health of Public Health District)
OPINION 80-028 (September 22, 1980)
GOVERNMENTAL ETHICS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST: School Board Purchases Mandated by Federal Law
MEETINGS: Majority Requirement for the Illinois Energy Resources Commission to Approve or Reject Proposed Projects
GOVERNMENTAL ETHICS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST: A Member of an Appointing Authority May Not Be Appointed to the Governing Board of the Jackson-Union Counties Regional Port District
COUNTIES: Powers of County and County Board for Care and Treatment of Mentally Deficient Persons
COUNTIES: County Board's Authority to Supervise the Activities of the County Board for the Care and Treatment of Certain Mentally Deficient Persons
CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE: Liability for the Fees of a Private Attorney Appointed to Represent an Indigent Prisoner in Post-Conviction Proceedings Arising Out of His Conviction of a Crime Committed While Confined by the Department of Corrections
OPINION 80-034 (October 7, 1980)
SPORTS & GAMING: Authority of the Illinois Racing Board to Review Decisions of Stewards and Judges
GOVERNMENTAL ETHICS & CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Employment of School Board Member's Spouse as Teacher
FEES: Jury Fees
MUNICIPALITIES: Use and Operation of a Snowmobile on a Roadway
COUNTIES: Public Building Commission
STATE MATTERS: Authority of Department of Transportation to Enter into Coal Mining Lease with Respect to Land within its Jurisdiction
OPINION 80-040 (November 26, 1980)
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS: Close Corporations
STATE MATTERS: Ohio River Boundary between Illinois and Kentucky
MUNICIPALITIES: Fire Investigators and Inspectors Designated as Conservators of the Peace by a Local Governmental Agency and Possessing Peace Officer Status are Law Enforcement Officers within the Meaning of the Police Training Act
COUNTIES: Disclosure of Compensation Funds Paid to County-Contracted Medical Specialists
LIQUORS: Licensing Requirements for Sale of Alcoholic Liquor in Authorized Facilities of State University
CRIMINAL LAW: Possession of Firearms
STATE EMPLOYEES: Federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
Return to Opinions Page

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The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is Norway's primary institution for educating the nation's future engineers and scientists. The university also has strong programmes in the social sciences, teacher education, the arts and humanities, medicine, architecture and fine art. NTNU's cross-disciplinary research delivers creative innovations that have far-reaching social and economic impact and help contribute to a better world.
http://www.ntnu.edu'
nina.tveter@ntnu.no
Kontakt The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Nina Tveter Editor, Gemini +4773595321 nina.tveter@ntnu.no
Nancy Bazilchuk journalist +47 73 50 60 40 nancy.bazilchuk@ntnu.no
Copyright 2022 by DNN Corp


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What was Jacob Lawrence inspired by?
Why did Jacob Lawrence drop out of high school?
What are three facts about Jacob Lawrence?
What is an interesting fact about Jacob Lawrence?
How did Jacob Lawrence affect American culture?
What was the 60 panel series about that Lawrence painted when he was in his early 20's?
Why is Jacob Lawrence considered a giant in the American art history field?
What subject matter did Lawrence focus on in his work?
What did Augusta Savage do to help her community?
Why was Augusta not allowed to attend the Fontainebleau School of the Arts in Paris?
How did Augusta Savage changed the world?
Why did Augusta Savage create the harp?
What is the meaning of the harp by Augusta Savage?
Where is the harp by Augusta Savage?
There, during his participation in community art workshops, Lawrence quickly discovered his love of art through the encouragement of teachers such as painter Charles Alston. Throughout the 1930s, Lawrence's art was inspired by the cultural visionaries of the Harlem Renaissance.
As the Depression became more acute, Lawrence's mother lost her job and the family had to go on welfare. Lawrence dropped out of high school before his junior year to find odd jobs to help support his family.
Jacob Lawrence: 9 Things You Should Know About the Artist
He was greatly influenced by Harlem.
Charles Alston and Augusta Savage were among his mentors.
His work celebrated the heroes of Black History.
He described his style as Dynamic Cubism.
He is most famous for The Migration Series.
Fame and recognition came early.
Jacob Lawrence was one the most renowned African American artist of his time. Known for producing narrative collections like the Migration Series and War Series, he illustrated the African American experience using vivid colors set against Black and brown figures.
Jacob Lawrence witnessed the innovative and improvised lifestyles created by the convergence of the Great Migration, the Depression, the Jazz Age, and the Harlem Renaissance. Inspired by the Harlem community's interest in the stories of its heritage, Lawrence became the storyteller or visual griot of the neighborhood.
Migration Series
Jacob Lawrence was a giant among 20th century American modernist painters. Born in 1917 and living until the end of the century, Lawrence was known for creating series of painting that depicted the everyday life as well as epic narratives of African-American history and historical figures.
Lawrence died on 9 June 2000. Lawrence's subject matter and painting style remained relatively consistent through his career. His subjects range from street scenes to the lives of important African Americans to powerful narrative series–chronicles of the afflictions endured by African Americans.
Augusta spent much of her time teaching others about art at the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts. She became a leader in the African-American art community and helped other Black artists gain funding through the federal government's WPA Federal Art Project. Gamin is probably Savage's most famous work.
This scholarship covered only tuition, and she was not able to raise money for travel and living expenses. Thus, she was unable to attend. In the 1920s writer and eccentric Joe Gould became infatuated with Savage.
A gifted sculptor, Florida-born Augusta Savage fought poverty, racism and sexism to become a prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance, the period of African-American cultural outpouring in New York City during the 1920s and '30s.
Inspired by the lyrics of James Weldon Johnson's poem Lift Every Voice and Sing, The Harp was Savage's largest work and her last major commission. She took a leave of absence from her position at the Harlem Community Art Center and spent almost two years completing the sixteen-foot sculpture.
Lift Every Voice and Sing
court of the Contemporary Arts building
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Kaledin V.O. Крюкова Я.С. Аринархова Н.В. Равковская Е.В.
We consider the associated and related problems to be solved in assessing performance of machine design, buildings and structures under extreme conditions. Describes the software implementation of mathematical models based on the research of the application package that provides coupling of heterogeneous models of physical processes in solving related problems.


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Q: converting string to Float in talend , For input "64,5" error I have done these steps for each excel file and it works fine until I can't figure out why this error keeps appearing when converting the string to float in this file.
I was using Taggregate directly and when the error appeared, I found that some people have solved this problem by using Tconvertype but the same error keeps appearing.

This is the error

after using
Float.valueOf(row.fieldName.replace(',', '.'))

some values successfully get converted the other cause an error like the first
For input "0.5"

using a point not a comma in the error this time . Any solution.?

A: in Tmap
Float.valueOf(row.fieldName.replace(',', '.'))

Changing the comma  (,) to point (.) solved my problem, although I had no problem converting the string containing the comma in the last file. So if anyone has an explanation for this?

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Our two metal resonator bars are clearly marked D and A. The bars are mounted on durable plastic sound boxes with built-in legs, which makes them easy to hold and play OR to place on a flat surface for playing. When the rubber mallet (two 7 1/2" mallets included) strikes the center of a bar, a clear ringing tone is produced. Bars are 6" x 1 1/4" x 1 /4" and safety rated for 3 years+.


text:
La resolución 1290 del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas, adoptada el 17 de febrero de 2000, después de examinar la solicitud de Tuvalu para la membresía en las Naciones Unidas, el Consejo recomendó a la Asamblea General que Tuvalu fuese admitida.

La resolución fue aprobada con 14 votos a favor y ninguno en contra. China se abstuvo declarando que no podía apoyar la recomendación (debido a los estrechos lazos diplomáticos de Tuvalu con Taiwán), pero que no la vetaría por el interés del pueblo de ambos países.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Texto de la resolución en UN.org (PDF)
Texto de la resolución en UNdemocracy.com

Resoluciones del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas aprobadas en 2000
1290
Relaciones internacionales de Tuvalu
Historia de Tuvalu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Yale limits weapons in student theater, angering students in the productions.
Elia Powers
It was six hours before opening night. Sarah Holdren, director of a Yale University student production, had just entered the theater for a routine pre-performance errand when the man who runs the hall gave her an update: In the wake of the Virginia Tech shootings, a Yale administrator decided that she didn't want any weapons used or portrayed during theatrical productions.
Holdren was perplexed. Her show, Red Noses, is set in the Middle Ages and includes metal swords and daggers. But they are stage props. And there were no guns.
"I understand the university's need to react to Virginia Tech and display sensitivity, but dealing with it this way is ineffective," she said in an interview Friday.
Holdren said her main concern wasn't the limitation on her production but the limitation on artistic expression. She explained her objections in a Thursday meeting with Betty Trachtenberg, dean of student affairs at Yale.
According to Holdren, Trachtenberg, who did not respond to multiple messages for comment, was unmoved. The dean told Holdren that she needed to look out for a whole campus of potentially vulnerable undergraduates -- a response that Holdren said "made it sound as if I was trying to traumatize people."
Trachtenberg agreed to allow weapons that were obviously fake to appear on stage. Red Noses opened with wooden swords and some peeved cast members. Holdren wanted her commentary to be public record. So before the first production and with the full cast's blessing, the director stepped on stage and delivered this message to the audience:
"We cannot cure the violence of this world by limiting the artistic creations that seek to address it. Red Noses is a play about hope, joy and fellowship in the face of death and injustice.
It is a clear note out of a dark world, and I hope with all my heart that it may do something, no matter how small, to pierce the darkness of our world at the present moment. Taking a sword away from an actor does nothing save limit his ability to tell the story of a play as fully and clearly as possible. Calling for an end to violence on stage does not solve the world's suffering; it merely sweeps it under the rug, turning theater--in the words of this very play -- into 'creamy bon-bons' instead of 'solid fare' for a thinking, feeling audience. Here at Yale, sensitivity and political correctness have become censorship in this time of vital need for serious artistic expression.
Our swords tonight may be wooden, but our show aims to be much more than child's play. We hope our story lifts you and lightens you, for it is founded upon 'the mirth of children and sages, the mirth born of compassion and joy.' And such mirth will not be stifled, no matter the shadows of this or any other time."
Holdren said some in the audience applauded.
The weapons curtailment also has affected other productions on campus. Leah Franqui, student director of Accidental Death of an Anarchist, received an e-mail from Trachtenberg saying: "Given the events of a few days ago in Virginia I question, at this time, the use of even a prop hand gun in this (or other productions). I suggest that you find another way."
Franqui said her show will proceed without a gun this weekend when it opens.
"It's only used once in the show, but still I think the decision is ridiculous," Franqui said. "This is an inappropriate way to show support [for Virginia Tech]. It's an empty gesture and censorship of the arts."
Added Holdren: "This decision is permanent until further note -- who knows if it's going to change in the next month. It's an odd thing hanging over our heads."
Jordan Peterson retires from U of Toronto
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Colleges face question of starting semester amid COVID-19
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Colleges vary widely in allowing admissions visits during Omicron
Isolating With COVID … and a Roommate


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HomeInformationArticle
Understanding Calibration
During calibration data loggers are compared to a reference meter that has been calibrated in a UKAS (United Kingdom Accreditation Service) approved laboratory. Data Loggers for use with a probe are calibrated with the accompanying probe. The certificate lists the value recorded by the reference meter (the temperature or humidity at which the data logger was tested), the value recorded by the data logger and the error between the two readings (the certificate will also show readings before and after any adjustment made to the unit where appropriate). In addition to the reading information, calibration certificates also list the test method and the details of the equipment used to provide traceability back to national standards.
Calibration certificates do not have a period of validity; they are simply a statement of what the unit was reading when it was tested. That said, unless the application is particularly critical or demanding, most people get their loggers calibrated annually.
Even if you don't purchase calibration certificates, we guarantee that our loggers will meet the accuracy figures specified on our datasheets at the point of purchase.
Calibration Points
Our standard calibration points, which are used unless otherwise specified, are:
• Temperature: 0 and 30°C
• Humidity: 20 and 80 % RH (at 25°C)
These points have been chosen to give good coverage for general purpose use, but should other points be required we can calibrate units within the following ranges:
• Temperature: -30 to +135 °C
• Humidity: 20 to 90 % RH (at 25°C)
Calibration >
Do you need to send your logger for calibration?


text:
Those Summer Nights
There's nothing quite like sitting outside and listening to some award-winning live tunes. When it's free it's even better and that is what Long's Park Summer Concert Series in Lancaster has been offering visitors every summer for the past 50 years. Each Sunday, they deliver a spectacular show, full of good vibes and energy.
Long's Park Summer Concert Series attracts thousands of visitors every Sunday.
Located just off of Route 30, outside of the city, is Long's Park, an 80-acre park with playgrounds, pavilions, a petting zoo, concessions and more. But the park's claim to fame is its free summer concert music series, which lasts from June to August.
Held every Sunday at 7:30 p.m., Long's Park welcomes bands from all over the country playing all different genres of music to fit everyone's tastes. The concert series kicks off on June 7 with Selwyn Birchwood, a young energetic blues artist from Florida. "He delivers his original songs with a revival tent preacher's fervor and a natural storyteller's charisma made all the more impactful by his raw, unvarnished vocals," boasts the park's website.
Selwyn Birchwood performs June 7 at Long's Park.
Rolling Stone wrote that Birchwood is "a powerhouse player and emotive performer ... his band, his material and both skilled guitaring and soulful vocals are the essence of fully-formed. Birchwood is a major player. Highly recommended."
The award-winning artist also won the International Blues Challenge in 2013 and the Albert King Guitarist of the Year award. And he's playing hours of free music at Long's Park Ampitheater in just a few weeks. Be sure to pack a picnic and your dancing shoes.
The Quebe Sisters, a three-piece fiddle band, play June 14. Hailing from Texas, the siblings have been getting standing ovations since they took the stage in 2000. The group has shared the stage with artists such as Willie Nelson, George Strait, Merle Haggard and many more.
The Quebe Sisters bring their blue grass energy to the stage on June 14.
The line-up of star-studded and up-and-coming artists continue throughout the summer. A full schedule is listed on the park's website. Be sure to check it out and find a band that compliments your style because these concerts do not disappoint.
At the end of the summer, visit the Long's Park Art & Craft Festival. Rated as one of the top 25 art shows in the country, the three-day festival showcases over 200 top artists and craftspeople from across the country. The show is held Labor Day weekend. In addition to artisans, the show features fine foods, wines, craft beer and music. What's not to like about all of that?
So if you're planning a trip to one of our fine Bed and Breakfasts, be sure to check out Long's Park and its summer concert series. Whether you're planning a date or looking to take the family out for the evening, it's the perfect complement to your trip to beautiful Lancaster County. Find the perfect place to stay at www.authenticbandb.com.
Posted by Authentic Bed and Breakfasts at 11:33 AM
Ode to Mothers


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Whether it can be presumed that registered power of attorney was duly stamped?
Reverting to the registered General Power of Attorney, the same has been executed by the original Defendant No. 1 -predecessor in title of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4), in favour of Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2). Being a registered document, in our opinion, the Trial Court was justified in observing that there is a legal, rebuttable presumption that the same has been duly stamped. As observed by the Trial Court, the question as to whether the document is hit by the provisions of the 1882 Act or the 1899 Act can be decided after the parties adduce oral and documentary evidence.
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Civil Appeal No. 18377 of 2017
Decided On: 04.07.2018
Ameer Minhaj Vs. Dierdre Elizabeth (Wright) Issar and Ors.
Hon'ble Judges/Coram:
Dipak Misra, C.J.I., A.M. Khanwilkar and Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, JJ.
Citation: 2019(3) MHLJ 550
1. This appeal emanates from the decision of the High Court dated 2nd December, 2016 allowing the application preferred by Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4) whereby the admissibility of the documents produced by the Appellant (Plaintiff) in the suit filed by him for relief of specific performance of contract with alternative relief of refund of advance amount and permanent injunction against the Defendants was questioned.
2. The Appellant filed a suit in the Court of District Judge of the Nilgiris at Udhagamandalam, being O.S. No. 23 of 2010, against Mr. Charles Thomas Orme Alford Wright who died during the pendency of the suit whereafter Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 herein (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4) were brought on record as his heirs and legal representatives. It was asserted in the suit that the original Defendant No. 1 was the absolute owner of 4.80 acres of land in Survey No. H-48A in R.S. No. 332/1 of Coonoor Rural Village. He had entered into an agreement of sale with Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) on 12th November, 1995 agreeing to sell the said property either to the second Defendant or its nominees. It is further asserted by the Appellant (Plaintiff) that in furtherance of the said agreement to sell the second Defendant was put in possession of the property agreed to be sold, in part performance of the agreement of sale and that fact has been recited in the agreement of sale itself. The agreement also authorized the second Defendant, at its discretion, to develop the property by constructing dwelling units thereon for which the predecessor in title of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (namely the original 1st Defendant) was to cooperate and give consent, whenever and wherever necessary, for the unhindered development of the property. It was then asserted by the Appellant (Plaintiff) that to effectuate the stated agreement to sell, a registered Power of Attorney was executed in favour of the second Defendant (Respondent No. 3) by the owner (original first Defendant). That Power of Attorney was registered on 2nd May, 1996 in the office of Sub Registrar, Coonoor. It was then stated that since Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) was unable to develop the said property due to unavoidable situation, he requested the Appellant (Plaintiff) to execute the project of developing the suit property into building sites for dwelling units and to sell it to prospective purchasers. The Appellant (Plaintiff) accepted the said offer after doing due diligence and resultantly, an agreement of sale came to be executed on 9th July, 2003 by the 1st Defendant-the original owner of the suit property namely the predecessor in title of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 - in favour of the Appellant (Plaintiff) through his Power of Attorney holder, namely, Respondent No. 3 (2nd Defendant) for a consideration of Rs. 1 crore. Earnest money of Rs. 25 lakh was paid at the time of the execution of agreement of sale and the balance was to be paid within a period of 12 months, subject to certain stipulations. The Appellant (Plaintiff) was put in possession of the suit property upon execution of the agreement of sale dated 9th July, 2003. The 1st Defendant did not fulfill his obligation within the stipulated period as a result of which a suit for specific performance, permanent injunction and alternative relief of refund of the advance amount came to be filed on 2nd August, 2010.
3. Admittedly, neither the agreement to sell dated 12th November, 1995 executed in favour of Defendant No. 2 (Respondent No. 3) nor the agreement to sell dated 9th July, 2003 executed in favour of the Appellant (Plaintiff) has been registered. The Power of Attorney in favour of Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) dated 2nd May, 1996 has been registered but executed on a stamp paper of Rs. 100/- only. The Defendants filed their written statement to counter the claim set up in the plaint by the Appellant. It is not necessary to dilate on the factual matrix as the issue to be answered in the present appeal/proceedings is very limited.
4. Suffice it to observe that the contesting Defendants have asserted that the Power of Attorney executed in favour of Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) by the original owner of the suit property (Defendant No. 1) and predecessor in title of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2) has been cancelled on 2nd January, 2002. As a result, Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) could not have executed the agreement to sell in favour of the Appellant (Plaintiff) on 9th July, 2003.
5. Be that as it may, Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4) moved a formal application for deciding the admissibility of unregistered agreements to sell and also to impound the Power of Attorney for having been executed upon payment of insufficient stamp duty and to impose suitable penalty before proceeding with the trial. That application was rejected by the Trial Court on 20th June, 2011 against which the original Defendant No. 1 and Defendant No. 3 (Respondent No. 1) filed a revision petition before the High Court of Judicature at Madras, being CRP (MD) No. 3422/2011. They were unsuccessful as the High Court dismissed the revision petition on 30th September, 2011 holding that the question of payment of stamp duty or the admissibility of the document could be decided only when the stated documents were sought to be marked through witnesses and not at that stage. Therefore, after the Plaintiff filed an affidavit of evidence and sought to rely on the said three documents, Defendant Nos. 3 & 4 (Respondent Nos. 1 & 2) who were brought on record as legal heirs of original Defendant No. 1, filed a joint application, being I.A. No. 26/2013, for deciding the question whether the three documents could be received as evidence. That application was decided by the Trial Court on 1st June, 2016 partly in favour of Defendant Nos. 3 & 4. The Trial Court essentially answered the question with reference to the mandate of Section 17(1A) of the Registration Act, 1908 (for short, "1908 Act") which was inserted by Act 48 of 2001 with effect from 24th September, 2001. The Trial Court took the view that the agreement to sell dated 12th November, 1995, having been executed prior to the cut-off date, was admissible and could be marked as an Exhibit. As regards the Power of Attorney executed in favour of Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) on 2nd May, 1996, the Trial Court opined that since it was a registered document, there was legal presumption about the correctness of the valuation of the document for the purpose of stamp duty. Further, the document was only a General Power of Attorney deed and did not refer to any consideration amount. Further, it only authorized Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2) to act in terms of the Power of Attorney and therefore, it could not be construed as a document of conveyance. Accordingly, the Trial Court rejected the objection of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4) for receiving the said document as evidence. However, with regard to the third document, being an agreement to sell dated 9th July, 2003, the Trial Court opined that since the same was executed after coming into force of Section 17(1A) of the 1908 Act, it was required to be registered. But then, considering the purport of the said provision, the document could still be exhibited and even if exhibited, the prayer in respect of relief of protection of possession in terms of Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (for short, "1882 Act") could not be granted. In the ultimate analysis, the Trial Court opined that all the three documents could be marked and received as evidence. The Trial Court, however, made it clear that it was not examining any other contention regarding the genuineness, validity and binding nature of the documents or whether they were hit by the provisions of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (for short, "1899 Act") and 1882 Act. The documents were marked and merely exhibited subject to proof and relevancy.
6. Being aggrieved by the said decision, Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4) preferred a civil revision petition before the High Court of Judicature at Madras being CRP (P.D.) No. 1700/2016. The High Court reversed the decision of the Trial Court. The High Court interpreted the General Power of Attorney dated 2nd May, 1996 and construed it as having been given for consideration in furtherance of the agreement to sell dated 12th November, 1995. The High Court noted that since the said General Power of Attorney refers to the agreement to sell dated 12th November, 1995, the terms and conditions specified in the latter document would get incorporated into the Power of Attorney, meaning thereby it was given for consideration, and therefore, it would attract stamp duty applicable to a deed of conveyance. It could not have been executed on the stamp paper of Rs. 100/-. Hence, the document was inadmissible and could not be received as evidence. As regards the agreement to sell dated 9th July, 2003, the High Court opined that the same was required to be registered compulsorily and the Trial Court was not correct in making an observation that there was no need for registration thereof. The High Court, accordingly, allowed the civil revision petition and was pleased to set aside the order passed by the Trial Court and instead allowed the application filed by Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4), by holding that the General Power of Attorney dated 2nd May, 1996 was given for consideration as it was in furtherance of the agreement of sale dated 12th November, 1995. Further, the sale agreement dated 9th July, 2003 was inadmissible as evidence for the purpose of part performance of contract in view of the statutory bar in terms of Section 17(1A) read with Section 49 of the 1908 Act.
7. We have heard Mr. B. Karunakaran, learned Counsel appearing for the Appellant and Mr. Jayant Bhushan, learned senior Counsel appearing for the contesting Respondents.
8. The limited issue, as considered by the Trial Court and High Court at the instance of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4), was about receiving the three documents produced by the Appellant (Plaintiff) as evidence. The Trial Court had examined the issue with reference to the provisions of the Registration Act only and had left open all other questions regarding the validity, genuineness and binding nature of the said documents, including whether the same were hit by the provisions of the 1899 Act and the 1882 Act. The Trial Court opined that those aspects could be decided on the basis of evidence, both oral and documentary, to be adduced by the parties.
9. In other words, the core issue to be answered in the present appeal is whether the suit agreement dated 9th July 2003, on the basis of which relief of specific performance has been claimed, could be received as evidence as it is not a registered document. Section 17(1A) of the 1908 Act came into force with effect from 24th September, 2001. Whereas, the suit agreement was executed subsequently on 9th July, 2003. Section 17 (1A) of the 1908 Act reads thus:
17. Documents of which registration is compulsory- (1) The following documents shall be registered, if the property to which they relate is situate in a district in which, and if they have been executed on or after the date on which, Act No. XVI of 1864, or the Indian Registration Act, 1866, or the Indian Registration Act, 1871, or the Indian Registration Act, 1877, or this Act came or comes into force, namely:
(1A) The documents containing contracts to transfer for consideration, any immovable property for the purpose of Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882) shall be registered if they have been executed on or after the commencement of the Registration and Other Related laws (Amendment) Act, 2001 and if such documents are not registered on or after such commencement, then, they shall have no effect for the purposes of the said Section 53A.
10. On a plain reading of this provision, it is amply clear that the document containing contract to transfer the right, title or interest in an immovable property for consideration is required to be registered, if the party wants to rely on the same for the purposes of Section 53A of the 1882 Act to protect its possession over the stated property. If it is not a registered document, the only consequence provided in this provision is to declare that such document shall have no effect for the purposes of the said Section 53A of the 1882 Act. The issue, in our opinion, is no more res integra. In S. Kaladevi v. V.R. Somasundaram and Ors., MANU/SC/0246/2010 : (2010) 5 SCC 401 this Court has re-stated the legal position that when an unregistered sale deed is tendered in evidence, not as evidence of a completed sale, but as proof of an oral agreement of sale, the deed can be received as evidence making an endorsement that it is received only as evidence of an oral agreement of sale under the proviso to Section 49 of the 1908 Act. Section 49 of the 1908 Act reads thus:
49. Effect of non-registration of documents required to be registered.- No document required by Section 17 [or by any provision of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882)], to be registered shall-
(a) affect any immovable property comprised therein, or
(b) confer any power to adopt, or
(c) be received as evidence of any transaction affecting such property or conferring such power, unless it has been registered:
Provided that an unregistered document affecting immovable property and required by this Act or the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882), to be registered may be received as evidence of a contract in a suit for specific performance under Chapter II of the Specific Relief Act, 1877 (3 of 1877), or as evidence of any collateral transaction not required to be effected by registered instrument.
11. In the reported decision, this Court has adverted to the principles delineated in K.B. Saha and Sons Private Limited v. Development Consultant Limited, MANU/SC/7679/2008 : (2008) 8 SCC 564 and has added one more principle thereto that a document is required to be registered, but if unregistered, can still be admitted as evidence of a contract in a suit for specific performance. In view of this exposition, the conclusion recorded by the High Court in the impugned judgment that the sale agreement dated 9th July, 2003 is inadmissible in evidence, will have to be understood to mean that the document though exhibited, will bear an endorsement that it is admissible only as evidence of the agreement to sell under the proviso to Section 49 of the 1908 Act and shall not have any effect for the purposes of Section 53A of the 1882 Act. In that, it is received as evidence of a contract in a suit for specific performance and nothing more. The genuineness, validity and binding nature of the document or the fact that it is hit by the provisions of the 1882 Act or the 1899 Act, as the case may be, will have to be adjudicated at the appropriate stage as noted by the Trial Court after the parties adduce oral and documentary evidence.
12. Reverting to the registered General Power of Attorney, the same has been executed by the original Defendant No. 1 -predecessor in title of Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4), in favour of Respondent No. 3 (Defendant No. 2). Being a registered document, in our opinion, the Trial Court was justified in observing that there is a legal, rebuttable presumption that the same has been duly stamped. As observed by the Trial Court, the question as to whether the document is hit by the provisions of the 1882 Act or the 1899 Act can be decided after the parties adduce oral and documentary evidence. The High Court, in our opinion, therefore, should have stopped at that instead of analysing the said instrument by invoking the principle of incorporation by reference to the agreement to sell dated 12th November, 1995. For, the Appellant (Plaintiff) is not a party to the said document. Indeed, the executor of the document - original Defendant No. 1 and the Defendant No. 2 in whose favour the same has been executed, are parties to the present suit. The principal document, namely, the agreement to sell dated 12th November, 1995, as rightly noticed by the Courts below, was executed prior to coming into force of Section 17(1A) of the 1908 Act. That provision has been made applicable prospectively. Hence, the same was not required to be compulsorily registered at the time of its execution. Even if it was required to be registered, keeping in view the purport of Section 49 read with Section 17(1A) of the 1908 Act, the same could be received as evidence for a limited purpose, without having any effect for the purposes of Section 53A of 1882 Act.
13. As a result, the Trial Court was right in overturning the objection regarding marking and exhibiting these documents as urged by Respondent Nos. 1 & 2 (Defendant Nos. 3 & 4), while making it clear that the question regarding the genuineness, validity and binding nature of the documents, including as to whether it is hit by the provisions of 1882 Act or the 1899 Act, as the case may be, would be decided at the appropriate stage.
14. The High Court has adverted to the decision in Avinash Kumar Chauhan v. Vijay Krishna Mishra MANU/SC/8502/2008 : (2009) 2 SCC 532, which, however, deals with the power of the Court to impound insufficiently stamped instruments in exercise of its power Under Section 35 of the 1899 Act. That issue will have to be considered by the Trial Court at the appropriate stage which has already been kept open.
15. Accordingly, this appeal ought to succeed by restoring the order of the Trial Court dated 1st June, 2016 in the above terms. The Trial Court shall decide all other issues concerning the validity, genuineness, applicability and binding nature of the documents including whether it is hit by the provisions of the 1882 Act or the 1899 Act on its own merits and uninfluenced by the observations made by it or by the High Court.
16. The appeal is allowed in the above terms. There shall be no order as to costs.
17. As the suit is pending since 2010, we direct the Trial Court to dispose of the same as expeditiously as possible, preferably within a period of six months from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment.
Labels: duly stamped, part performance, power of attorney, Registration of documents, S 53-A of transfer of property Act, Supreme Court of India, Three judges judgment


text:
Putin came to Lukashenko to drag Belarus into a war with Ukraine?
Vladimir Putin travels to Belarus on Monday to meet the Belarusian leader, Alexander Lukashenko, as fears grow in Kyiv that Moscow is pushing its closest ally to join a new ground offensive against Ukraine.
This was reported by the Guardian.
In the run-up to the meeting, which will be Putin's first visit to Belarus since 2019, Lukashenko said the two leaders would discuss the "military-political situation" in the region as well as economic cooperation.
Read also: Russian and Belarus special services collaboration.
The Belarusian strongman, who oversaw a violent crackdown on anti-government protesters in 2020, stressed that his country's "sovereignty and independence" was not up for debate, as observers believe that Putin's visit serves to pull Belarus into the war in Ukraine.
"I would like to emphasise this feature once again: no one, except us, governs Belarus," Lukashenko said in a statement published by the presidential press service. "We must always proceed from the fact that we are a sovereign state and independent."
Ukraine will be closely monitoring the talks. Last week, several Ukrainian military commanders said Russia may try another attempt at invading the country from the north.
The president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, said on Sunday that Ukraine was ready for "all possible defence scenarios" against Moscow and its ally.
"Protecting our border, both with Russia and Belarus, is our constant priority," Zelenskiy said after a meeting with Ukraine's top military command. "We are preparing for all possible defence scenarios."
Lukashenko has previously allowed the Kremlin to use his country as a platform to send tens of thousands of Russian troops into Ukraine, while Russian war jets have taken off from Belarusian bases.
But Lukashenko has not joined the war directly or sent his own troops into the fight, at times even subtly criticising the invasion, saying he felt the conflict was "dragging on".
A series of military drills held with Russia on Belarus's border over the last month have once again raised fears that Belarus is about to enter the fray.
Hours before Putin's planned visit, the Belarusian defence ministry announced the completion of the latest snap military drills, which Lukashenko had ordered to check the "combat readiness" of the nation's army.
"Putin's visit to Minsk could indicate that Putin is trying to set conditions for … a renewed offensive against Ukraine – possibly against northern Ukraine or Kyiv – in winter 2023," the Institute for the Study of War (ISW), a US-based thinktank, said in a report last week.
Experts remain sceptical about the chance of Belarusian troops, considered relatively weak, entering Ukraine, even if Putin is pushing for it. Some analysts have proposed that Lukashenko's recent manoeuvres were a ploy designed by Moscow to tie up Ukrainian forces near the border to prevent their deployment to other areas.
"Belarusian forces remain extremely unlikely to invade Ukraine without a Russian strike force. It is far from clear that Lukashenko would commit Belarusian forces to fight in Ukraine even alongside Russian troops," ISW's report said.
Artyom Shraibman, a Belarusian political analyst and non-resident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said any direct involvement of Belarus in Ukraine could present a political risk for Lukashenko, who survived a protest movement in 2020.
"Participation in this war would be extremely unpopular, all available polls show that more than 90% of Belarusians do not want to send their army there," Shraibman said. "And this includes supporters of Lukashenko and the pro-Russia part of society."
But Shraibman warned that while Lukashenko would try to resist, his position could change in the future. "For now, Putin seems content with everything that Lukashenko has given him. But if he demands direct involvement from Lukashenko in the war, I cannot bet that he will be successful in resisting for ever."


Rhianna Russell removes a native plant before planting it at Templeton Elementary School, Thursday, September 7, 2017 in Bloomington, Ind.
Dr. Malcolm was referring to dinosaurs in his legendary quote about adaptation, but it applies just as well to the plants and animals that surround us here in southern Indiana. What does "adaptation" mean when it comes to nature? That's one of the first questions we ask students during our native plant activities in classrooms. After students help build a definition, we sum it up with this: An adaptation is something a plant or animal has or does that helps it to survive.
At any age, the children we work with are remarkably good at coming up with a definition close to this one. By asking them questions, we encourage students to start thinking about the world around them in a new way. The books in the series "Who's Been Here?" challenge readers to dig deeper when observing their surroundings, by questioning what they see and using logic to deduce an answer that makes sense.
When the seeds grown by the students are ready for transplant, we help them prepare little pots to take home. In 2017, the students at Helmsburg Elementary in Brown County raised enough plants for every 3rd and 4th grader in the school to take several home with leftovers to share with staff at the school. This May, they shared their extra plants at the Beanblossom Farmers' Market, with the kids themselves running the booth.
Education that is immersive and interdisciplinary can have far-reaching effects. This simple project – growing seeds in the classroom, taking them home, and sharing them with community members – introduces students to the importance of native plants, the complexities ofecosystems, and the importance of philanthropy. All the while, they might think they're just getting to play in the dirt.
Sycamore also works with schools to incorporate native plants on their campuses. The Duke Energy Foundation and the Brabson Library and Educational Foundation have generously funded the Native Plant Project, enabling us to purchase flowers, grasses, shrubs, planting tools, mulch, and trees.
At Helmsburg Elementary School in Brown County, students counted more than 30 monarch caterpillars on milkweed they had planted in their school garden.
You don't need to have a large amount of land to build meaningful habitat for native species. In fact, the book "Plant a Pocket of Prairie" by Phyllis Root shows readers how a garden of any size can be home to a world of fascinating critters.
These gardens on school campuses – or in your backyard – can be filled with milkweed for monarch caterpillars (did you catch the article in our last issue of The Twig?), Joe Pye weed for all sorts of pollinators like butterflies and long-tongued bees, and rattlesnake master for wildlife cover and insect food.
If we each plant a pocket of prairie, little by little, together we can create a substantial amount of habitat for our pollinators and other creatures that depend on native plants. This is how Sycamore builds a nature preserve. Beanblossom Bottoms Nature Preserve started out as about 80 acres two decades ago. Today, Sycamore protects and stewards nearly 1,200 acres in the Beanblossom Creek Conservation Area. Now we see bobcats, the endangered Kirtland's snake, bald eagles, and many types of warblers at this wetland forest teeming with life.
Native pollinators and other wildlife have co-evolved with native plants, building a mutually beneficial relationship that is crucial to the survival of both plants and animals.
Native plants and ecosystems help to clean our air and water, and create healthy soils.
Remnant natural areas offer a glimpse into Indiana's wild past, and what we might attain if we restore some of that habitat.


text:
Alpin Running
In novel reflects a message deeper than that
In the novel All the Light We Cannot See, Doerr is applauded for "masterfully and knowledgeably re-creating the deprived civilian conditions of war-torn France and the strictly controlled lives of the military occupiers" (Hooper 23). However, the use of literary devices in the novel reflects a message deeper than that of just another war-time story. He does not define the characters by war; he defines the characters and gives them a war to respond to. The novel is different from other war stories, in that its focus is on the independent choices of the characters, the reasoning behind these choices, and the means by which these choices intertwine the lives of the characters. That being said, Doerr shares his understanding of the nature of humanity with the reader in his utilization of literary devices used in context of reader-response theory. More specifically, Doerr does this with his use of symbolism. By using symbolism throughout the novel, Doerr gives the reader connections between characters, which then allows the reader to clearly compare and contrast the conditions of the characters in reference to the symbol. In his novel All the Light We Cannot See, Anthony Doerr uses the key symbols of the blindness, the maze, and the radio to compare and contrast the two main characters and to reflect this theme that in troubling times humanity should pursue love.Blindness, ironically, leads the character Werner to enlightenment, which occurs when he is stuck underground in the Hotel of Bees. When Werner is in darkness, essentially blind, he is surprised to find that "Sometimes, in the darkness, Werner thinks the cellar may have its own faint light… After a while, he is learning, even total darkness is not quite darkness; more than once he thinks he can see his spread fingers when he passes them in front of his eyes" (Doerr 211). Despite being in total darkness, Werner is able to "see" the room based on his memory. Before this experience, Werner has acted against his better judgment. Listening to those who claim "We act in our own self-interest. Of course we do. Name me a person or a nation who does not. The trick is figuring out where your interests are" (Doerr 84). It is this attitude which prevails among the Nazi leaders and which turns a nation of humans with ability to show compassion into a land of death. At the Nazi school facility Werner trains at, Werner feels like he "is succeeding… and being loyal… being what everybody agrees is good" yet, "every time he wakes and buttons his tunic, he feels like he is betraying something" (Doerr 250). It is not that Werner truly believes the lies he is told; it is that Werner chooses to believe these things because to say otherwise would make his life more difficult and take his potential. When Werner's physical eyes are rendered useless in the dark, Werner opens his reflective eyes to see past the twisted implantation he has pretended to believe. In contrast Marie-Laure's blindness is representative of her fierce insight. She describes it: "What is blindness? Where there should be a wall, her hands find nothing. Where there should be nothing, a table leg gouges her shin. Cars growl in the streets; leaves whisper in the sky; blood rustles through her inner ears" (Doerr 27). Here is where the description of blindness meets the typical understanding, it is the fear of the unknown. However, the end of the description takes an unexpected turn. It discusses Marie-Laure's gifts taken from the blindness. Her hearing improves, so she is able to focus it in such a way that she can understand the world through the little movements her ears pick up. This allows her to act with her ideals of principal. Marie-Laure's sense of morality is apparent with her willingness to assist the French resistance. However, Marie-Laure's blindness would not have helped her develop into the person she became without the help of her father's love. Her father, who "says he will never leave her, not in a million years" who claims "You can do this, Marie" even when she feels "she cannot", is her anchor (Doerr 31, 37). Because Marie-Laure has her father's support she has the courage to cope with the struggles of being blind and pursues life with bravery. The love between her and her father gives Marie-Laure the courage to live in the light, despite being blind.Another symbol is the maze, which essentially represents the troubles Marie-Laure faces, especially the blindness which makes her whole life like a maze. Marie-Laure listens to her logic when faced with a problem, because she is experienced in dealing with mazes. When she is diagnosed with "Congenital cataracts. Bilateral. Irreparable," the "Spaces she once knew as familiar… became labyrinths bristling with hazards" (Doerr 27). She is forced to view the objects around herself differently, and move around these objects using the new skills she develops. Her father teaches her to "walk the paths of logic. Every outcome has its cause, and every predicament has its solution. Every lock its key" (Doerr 111). Marie-Laure's blindness trains her to approach the unknowable logically accompanied by her father's love which empowers her to handle it. However, when Marie-Laure's father is imprisoned, the love she once depended on is taken and she falls into a depression. She has lost her direction and no longer has the motivation to face her problems. It is not until she goes to see "the ocean! Right in front of her!" that Marie-Laure is able to face the maze again (Doerr 231). She falls in love with the ocean, and finds in this love a passion for the beauty of the outside world she considered overwhelming. With this motivation, she emotionally processes the loss of her father and chooses her next steps with the logic she had been taught. It is with this love and passion that Marie-Laure learns to face her blindness and her problems once more.The radio is yet another symbol, in this case of hope for Werner. When he first listens to the radio, the world around Werner "looks the same as it always has… Yet now there is music. As if, inside Werner's head, an infinitesimal orchestra has stirred to life" (Doerr 33). Although Werner is stuck in an orphan's home, destined to work in the dangerous coal mine which killed his parents, the radio is a way of escaping this reality and allows him to dream of a different future. In fact, Doerr establishes Werner with the radio, because "Werner's favorite radio program is one about light: eclipses and sundials, auroras and wavelengths." This program is symbolic and shows the equality of all humanity in seeing light. Werner's appreciation of this reveals his beliefs in the value of light and the equality of all humans. This emphasizes the corruption which occurs as his goal to escape the fate of the coal mines consumes him, and "in his nightmares, he walks the tunnels of the mines. The ceiling is smooth and black; slabs of it descend over him as he treads" (Doerr 68-69). This fear of being trapped stalks him.The radio represents hope as well to Marie-Laure. She and her uncle helps the French resistance against Germany by using their radio to transmit secret messages to all who listen. This is a manifestation of the choice made in their argument: "'Doing nothing is as good as collaborating.'… 'How do you fight a system?' 'You try'" (Doerr 269). The radio is a way of fighting the system, also known as a fight for hope. While the Germans take most of her uncle's radios, he keeps his most-beloved radio secretly in the attic. Etienne holds to his radio because it is the objects which give him purpose, especially in light of his post-traumatic stress disorder and his tendency to see "things that are not there," which force him to stay indoors (Doerr 122). The radio is the last true reminder of who Etienne is and what he can offer the world. The radio is Marie-Laure's liberation. When she is stuck in her attic, hiding from a mad man and cannot do anything else, she calls for help on the radio in the hope that someone will hear her, "she keeps saying, 'Help me.' 'He is here. He will kill me" (Doerr 442). Once Werner saves the young girl, Marie-Laure puts her hope in her uncle treasures and the compassion of a stranger. Marie-Laure's hope in humanity and the fact that someone might be willing to show love, gives her liberation.In conclusion, it is not romantic love which saves Werner and Marie-Laure. Soon after they meet, they are separated, Marie-Laure is brought back to her uncle and Werner surrenders to the French and American militaries. It is a false assumption that this novel is focused on the romance between the two. Werner and Marie-Laure are yet saved by a different love. This is the love that makes the sweet-tempered Marie-Laure angry "At everything and everyone," questioning "Who knew love could kill you?" (Doerr 226). This is the love which pushes life forward, and which makes hope valuable. This is the core of Doerr's novel. The message I believe he wants to send is that life is worth living wholeheartedly. The symbols that tie in with the characters lives truly allow us an in depth understanding of this message. It is not a love of fairytale endings. Werner dies soon after leaving Marie-Laure and walks into a land mine. It is undeniably a suicide, and Werner dies wondering "what future remains? The road ahead is blank, and the lines of his thoughts incline inward", thinking of "Marie-Laure… the pressure of his hand against the webbing between her fingers" (Doerr 480, 481).
Romeo natures of both emotions. It is passion
Stories as sneaky and wise and used their
How does the beginning of mice
Independent Study: Tim Burton
International pollution, rather than to promote trans-boundary environmental
Firstly, households, as well as on growth-enabling infrastructure
Excellent Term Papers
Rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead a play by to
Laws Against Assisted Suicide in Canada
Language Usage in the Catcher in the Rye
Internet: A Medium or a Message?
Techno Schmechno: a postmodern approach to electro
Beware — witch hunt in sessio
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The relation of posture to human efficiency and the influence of poise upon the support and function of the viscera.
By: Goldthwait, Joel E. (Joel Ernest), b. 1866.
The journal of orthopædic surgery.
A practice of orthopædic surgery.
By: McMurray, Thomas Porter, 1887-1949.
A practice of orthopaedic surgery.
By: Willard, De Foresst, 1846-1910.
By: Huidekoper, Frederic Louis, 1874-1940.
The Division of Orthopaedic Surgery in the A. E. F. / by Joel E. Goldthwait.
Goldthwait, Joel E. b. 1866.
United States. > Army. > American Expeditionary Forces > Medical care > Anecdotes.
United States. > Army > Orthopedists > Anecdotes.
Military Medicine > history > United States > Personal Narratives.
World War, 1914-1918 > Medical care > Personal narratives.
ix, 133 p. ; 24 cm.


A proposal to loosen Georgia rules on multispecialty surgery centers went nowhere in this year's General Assembly session.
The quest for such a change shifted on Thursday to a new venue – the state's main health care agency.
But the board of the state Department of Community Health, on a 6-2 vote, rejected "initial adoption'' of a proposal to ease rules on multispecialty surgery centers. That vote blocked the proposal from getting a public hearing, which would have preceded a potential final adoption.
The idea of exempting multispecialty surgery centers from the state's complex licensing laws, known as certificate of need (CON), is not new. Single-specialty surgery centers, such as those limited to orthopedic operations, already have an exemption.
State Sen. Ben Watson, a Savannah physician, pushed a proposal in the Legislature this year to extend the exemption to multispecialty centers. But the legislation drew ferocious opposition from the hospital industry in Georgia, and never got traction.
Hospitals see this surgery as one of the few profitable services they offer, and say they need it to offset losses from trauma care and other money-losing services.
Physicians such as Watson have argued that allowing the multispecialty centers a CON exemption would offer more choice to patients and lower health care costs for insurers, patients and employers.
CON, which grants licenses for construction of health care facilities and expansions of services, has long been a contentious apparatus. Almost annually, state legislators have wrangled over bills to alter the program, and such efforts are generally unsuccessful.
The Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals argued against the multispecialty surgery center rule change, and sent a letter to Community Health board's chairman, Norm Boyd, dated Thursday, noting that the Legislature has "repeatedly rejected several efforts'' to exempt the facilities from CON.
Board members at Thursday's meeting questioned whether they even had legal authority to make the change.
One member, Russ Childers, asked after the vote whether the agency could seek an opinion on the legality question from the state attorney general. Boyd said he is neither for or against the surgery center proposal itself, but believes a legal opinion is needed before the agency devotes time and resources to the issue.
Andrew Johnson, deputy commissioner of Community Health, said the agency had not obtained a legal opinion before making the rule change proposal.
A spokeswoman for the agency said the rule change proposal had originated within the department, but declined to comment on it beyond issuing a brief statement.


text:
Shawn C from Boston, Massachusetts
STILL THE HOTTEST BAND IN THE LAND!!
Having been a member of the KISS army since the 70's, I was excited to see the band once again. The show was Loud, Tight, and Sensational. Stanley once again demands our attention, and gets it from the opening lines until the very end. The set list was spot on, and the fans got their moneys worth. Once again the Kings of the Nighttime World set their spell on Boston, and we fans are grateful for it. Thanks fellas! Long Live KISS!
Jim L from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
KISS IN PHILADELPHIA
Awesome concert. My wife got her and I tickets for Christmas present. She really didn't want to go but did for me. She ended up singing and yelling as loud as me. She couldn't be believe the show they preformed. Best concert and show ever seen.
Chris Spain from Nashville, Tennessee
KISS STILL ROCKS
Saw Kiss the first time in 1983. Again in 1984. Then last night 2019. For the most part the show was amazing as advertised. Nothing against the painter for opening act but think Kiss could have maybe done a little acoustic medley type set instead of the painting. One issue though was a cable/line that was hanging down that obstructed our view. We we right in center of stage last row in 100s. The cable divided the stage into halves. I always try to get seats where I can see the drummer and could not see him from center stage because of a cable? The song selection was good but personally would have changed some. But hey they can't please everyone on that.


Constructors and Inheritance – Why is this still so painful?
Recently my team discovered a limitation in the RelativeDateTimeValidator that ships with the Enterprise Library Validation Application Block. This validator is used to check if a DateTime object occurs within a configured time before or after Now. It's a useful validator for checking things like birth dates and expiry dates. However we discovered that it assumes the date being validated is in local time – if the date is specified in UTC (which we do in our app) the calculation will be wrong. Fixing the logic was no big deal – it just involved checking if the DateTimeKind is UTC and if so, converting it to a local time before doing the validation. However like many people we didn't want to modify the original EntLib codebase, so instead I built a new class imaginatively titled RelativeDateTimeValidatorEx that inherits from RelativeDateTimeValidator and corrects this problem. But while the important code change was only a couple of lines, I was forced to manually implement every one of the 14 constructors from the base class (with no code beyond calling each base constructor) to ensure equivalent and compatible functionality. In my case I didn't need to change the public interface at all. But even in the (probably more common) case where a derived class includes new functionality that warrants new constructors, it's very common to want to include all of the base class's original constructors as well.
…and if I want to offer more permutations, the number of constructors may grow exponentially.
The good news is that C# 4.0 will finally include support for optional parameters (a very useful feature that VB programmers have enjoyed for years), which will partly mitigate this issue by providing an alternative to writing a crap-load of constructors. However even with optional parameters, it would be nice if you could tell C# that you want your derived class to inherit all of the base class's constructors.
On a somewhat related note, it's often bothered me that there is no way to include constructors as a mandatory part of a class's contract. This comes up every time you use a plug-in pattern where you create instances of a class at runtime using Activator.CreateInstance and you require all of your plug-ins to be initialised with the same information. The most logical approach is to require each plug-in to implement the same constructor. While you can make this work by passing the constructor parameters to Activator.CreateInstance, this is completely untypesafe as the compiler can't enforce that all your plug-ins have the required signature (this is a common problem for people implementing custom EntLib plug-ins that receive their configuration properties via a NameValueCollection passed to the constructor. People who forget (or don't know) to implement this constructor often have a hard time figuring out what is wrong).
The other approach you sometimes see is to create the instances using a default (parameterless) constructor and set the initialisation parameters through a public interface method like Initialize(NameValueCollection properties). But this approach has its own downsides. First, it means your plug-in classes are most likely constructed in an unusable state. Second, it still suffers from the same type safety problems, as there is no guarantee that every plug-in class implements a parameterless constructor.
This is probably a bastardisation of the virtual keyword but you get the idea. Another benefit of this approach is that you could safely new-up instances of generic types in a lot more situations. Currently you can specify a where T : new() constraint for a generic parameter that specifies that the generic type must have a default constructor. I've often thought this was overly restrictive, and that it should be possible to do something like where T : new(int, string). This may still be desirable, but if constructors could be specified as a part of a construct then the type alone could allow the code to create new instances. For example, if you had a generic parameter T where T : PlugIn then your code could safely execute T myPlugIn = new T(properties).
Anyway, end of rant. I'm interested in hearing whether any other programming languages have either of the features I've proposed, or if there are any good reasons I haven't thought of which would make these features undesirable or impossible.
The "correct" (i.e. typesafe) way to do the same in C# would be to use the factory pattern: you use Activator.CreateInstance() to create an instance of a factory class (and there you demand a no-arg constructor via template parameter constraints), and then you use a method to create the actual object. That way, you avoid the created-but-uninitialized state for plugin objects.
But yeah, I wish we could do in C# what we can in Oxygene/Prism….
C++ is adding this as well.
Have wanted this for years!
While you're at it… what about abstract static methods!
Have 1 ctor with all parameters, and create a builder and/or factory to support your special needs. A bonus is that the builder and factory methods are named, so that it actualy makes sense what new Bar(1, DateTime.Now, 12, 7) means.
1) Class object hierarchies are built from the base down, right? So, class B inherits from A, and in the process of creating a B, you get an A first, right? After checking it, yes, that's right. The virtual keyword guarantees that the dynamic type's method is called when the base class' method is used in the code. This means that in order to implement this, the compiler must guarantee that base.Ctor is called whenever derived.Ctor is called. . .and not only that, it must be called BEFORE the derived.Ctor is even called, in order to conform to specification. Using virtual is probably not the right way to go, is what I'm saying. I would think a word like "chains" is more appropriate, or something.
2) It goes against object-oriented design to use inheritance in this way. What you're saying is that a base class should be able to tell a derived class how to build itself. This goes against every encapsulation and inheritance rule there is. Furthermore, if you wanted to program against an interface, how would an interface provide a ctor? Just give the signature? Sure, that's not difficult syntactically, but again, there's something very fishy smelling about an interface telling anyone who implements it how they are allowed to be constructed. It's true that there's methods on interfaces that are like, "void Initialize(XmlNode node);". I never liked those either, and I wish there were some way around this, but I don't see a good way to implement it, and I don't like the idea of virtual ctors.
Having said all that, even not liking virtual ctors, I certainly agree that programming plugins would be considerably easier with that technique. I've been trying to come up with better for a while now, and have come up empty-handed so far.
I think that there's nothing wrong with being able to require a specific constructor signature in an interface. After all, it's just a contract – if it covers post-initialization operations, why can't it cover initialization itself (and yes, we can do it with factories – but those are just a hack; delegates and events made publisher/subscriber pattern virtually transparent in C#, and there's no reason not to do the same for abstract factory pattern as well).
Interesting post.. I cant help but wonder, although I totally get your point about constructor "interfaces".. Why not just hide the constructor and create a "Build" method in an interface?
Same effect? What benefit do you really have from making the constructor actually a constructor?
Could be me being naive, but I just dont see the benefit? You would have less constructors you need to implement, you can mix and match between instantiation logic (meaning you have type-safe parameter classes) so you would actually have a much more flexible codebase?
Woops, just thought, there is not even a need to hide the constructor.. Sorry, not had morning coffee yet!
2. The class can't be sure it's been initialised properly, since the initialisation call is separate to the constructor.
I think you're looking at contracts the wrong way.
There's a great tradition of separating usage of a class and construction of a class (see the discussion on the factory patterns in the GoF book for more on this) Think of interfaces more as a contract for the consumer of a class than the implementer of it. A consumer of a class shouldn't be depending on a way to construct a class so the contract doesn't include that. This is basic separation of concerns. If construction of a class is complex enough to warrant it's own contract it's probably complex enough to warrant it's own abstract factory. You can then create an interface on that factory.
Mendelt – What you're saying is true much of the time. Normally when you construct an object you know exactly what type you are dealing with (even if you plan to use it polymorphically later), so having an arbitarary constructor isn't a problem.
However when dealing with plug-ins, you need to polymorphically _create_ objects, not just use them. So when building a plug-in framework, it would be nice if you could make the constructor part of the contract of the base class. I'm definitely not advocating making this feature mandatory in all classes.
BTW I assume you're just referring to my second proposal. My first proposal wasn't about making constructors part of a contract, it was just about making it easier for an inherited class to reuse all of its base class's constructors if it so chooses.
"2. The class can't be sure it's been initialised properly, since the initialisation call is separate to the constructor."
By the way, I view this as slightly wrong. The use of the call to initialize is for the person writing the framework (or whatever it is). In other words, you CreateInstance on the type, and then immediately call Initialize on it – you don't hope that they do.
Now, if you're saying that it may be the case that the person who implemented your interface and added their Initialize method did not write the Initialize method correctly, then that's their fault, not yours. I wouldn't agonize over that.
After reflecting on this more, I realized that having a virtual ctor does not solve the problem you brought up in number 2, Tom.
Namely, if you cannot be guaranteed that an object is properly initialized after you call the virtual Initialize method, then what guarantee do you have that they implemented their ctor properly so as to initialize their object correctly? True, if you had a virtual ctor, then you could at least be guaranteed that YOUR ctor would be called at some point (as long as you make sure that the keyword virtual on a ctor doesn't actually mean virtual, because that would require the derived types to call base.Ctor, again), but this does not in any way imply that the object is constructed properly – there could have been many other pieces of data that it needed because it's the concrete type and not your abstract type.
I'm not sure that this is really all that important. Since .NET can handle the situation you're talking about by having a separate initialization method (or what not), including the possibility of some kind of virtual ctor seems like overkill. I like your idea of having T : new(params) a lot, though. I had actually tried that when I was more naive, because I thought, "Why would that NOT work?" But it didn't, of course. In any case, I think I've come up with a temporary solution to the problem. I will be posting it on my blog tonight or tomorrow morning, after I have had a little time to work it all out. It's only temporary because it will only work at run-time, not compile-time, and I'd like to solve this problem for compile-time. If we had template-metaprogramming as C++ does, we could use a compile-time assertion and (I believe) be guaranteed that they have the proper ctors defined for you to use, but we don't, so my solution is only a run-time solution. I'll come back and let you know when I post, if you'd like.
Never mind. My solution for it is terrible. I had considered writing a simple test-IOC container that allowed a person to put certain constraint attributes on ctors, so that when you register a type to be resolved on the base type, it would check it and throw an exception immediately if the derived did not have the same ctors defined as the base-class constrained ones. I realized, however, that that has the obvious setback of tying a person down to that IOC container – and it's a bad idea anyway. It's too much of a work-around, rather than a solution, so I didn't bother posting it.
> Namely, if you cannot be guaranteed that an object is properly initialized after you call the virtual Initialize method, then what guarantee do you have that they implemented their ctor properly so as to initialize their object correctly?
If an Initialize method fails (exception or not), you still have an object on which you called it, it's just in a (supposedly) unusable state. The client can still try to call something, and the implementer will have to check that someone is trying to work on uninitialized object and throw (or ignore the checks, but that means undefined behavior – and that's not good).
With constructor, if initialization fails, it can throw, and the caller will not get the uninitialized or half-initialized instance. Of course the implementer still has the burden of doing initialization correctly – but he has a way of ensuring that, if initialization goes wrong, the client will not be able to use the object regardless.
Kyle, anyway, what's wrong with factory interface approach? It seems to be entirely compile-time and type-safe, yet handles any kind of complex initialization well. Yes, it's slightly more verbose, but so what?


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Commsworld wins multi-million pound deal to transform Renfrewshire Council's digital infrastructure in partnership with CityFibre
Commsworld, the leading UK-wide provider of networking and connectivity solutions, has been awarded a £15 million contract by Renfrewshire Council to upgrade its digital connectivity and services across the region.
In a landmark deal lasting 17 years, Edinburgh-headquartered Commsworld is partnering with CityFibre, the UK's third national digital infrastructure platform, to rollout full fibre connectivity to approximately 180 council buildings including schools, local libraries and community centres, as well the region's CCTV and traffic control systems.
CityFibre will design, build, operate and own more than 80% of the new network, with Commsworld delivering connectivity to the remaining sites and providing all services over the new network.
Once completed, the full fibre network will transform Renfrewshire Council's delivery of a range of frontline public sector services. School children will be significant beneficiaries with far faster and more reliable access to the internet. The full fibre network will also provide a future-proof platform for decades to come.
Construction in Renfrewshire is set to begin this summer creating a core network of approximately 130km. CityFibre will be connecting public sector sites in Johnstone, Linwood, Paisley and Renfrew, whilst Commsworld will build full-fibre connectivity directly to sites in Bishopton, Bridge of Weir, Erskine, Houston and Inchinnan.
This deal is the largest public sector contract agreed in the UK this year so far. Commsworld already has established a proven track record in radically modernising public sector networks in Edinburgh, the Scottish Borders and Glasgow.
Commsworld Chief Operating Officer, Bruce Strang, said: "This is a very exciting new contract for Commsworld. We look forward to working with Renfrewshire Council to transform its Wide Area Network and delivering a step change in the bandwidth available to the region's schools.
"We have demonstrated a track record of success in delivering massively enhanced infrastructure to Edinburgh, the Scottish Borders and Glasgow, and look forward to delivering the same for Renfrewshire Council."
Rob Hamlin, Chief Commercial Officer at CityFibre, said: "The Coronavirus has highlighted the critical role of digital connectivity in our daily lives and this will only continue to increase. We are delighted to be working alongside Commsworld to deliver such an important digital infrastructure project for Renfrewshire Council, one that underpins the area's development and success for generations.
"Alongside our full fibre rollouts in Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Stirling and most recently, Dundee and Inverness, creating thousands of jobs across the country, this latest project cements CityFibre's major contribution to delivering a full fibre future for Scotland."
Councillor John Shaw, Convener of Renfrewshire Council's Finance, Resources and Customer Services Policy Board said: "I'm very pleased we have agreed this new contract with Commsworld and its partner CityFibre, which represents a significant step in our plans to transform digital connectivity in Renfrewshire.
"This will greatly improve connectivity to our schools, tackle digital exclusion and ensure access to full-fibre connectivity at around 180 Council buildings, including local libraries, town halls, community centres and care homes.
"I am particularly pleased that the contractors will deliver a wide range of community benefits providing support for local projects and skills and training opportunities for young people. The Coronavirus outbreak has further underlined the critical importance of connectivity, which will be vital in Renfrewshire's economic recovery and help to create a resilient network, benefiting all our communities."
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Dance Regions
Isaac Mizrahi, John Heginbotham, and Les Ballet Afrik With Omari Wiles Illuminate Their Creative Process This Winter
The Church will host the artists for these two residencies and provide space in its historic building for rehearsals and all programs.
by A.A. Cristi
BroadwayWorld.com Nov. 16, 2021
The Church, Guild Hall and Works & Process at the Guggenheim announce LaunchPAD "Process as Destination" pilot, collaborating to nurture region-wide support for creative process and encourage artists and audiences to embrace the artistic process as destination.
This winter, two projects set to premiere at Works & Process at the Guggenheim in 2022 will receive fully funded residencies at The Church, Sag Harbor, including artist fees, devoted rehearsal space, living accommodations, transportation, and healthcare insurance coverage. The Church will host the artists for these two residencies and provide space in its historic building for rehearsals and all programs.
In partnership The Church and Guild Hall are co-organizing community events for younger local artists to interact with these extraordinary groups. In anticipation of their theater renovation, Guild Hall is partnering organizations to produce off-site programs.
To foster greater understanding for the artistic process, the public is invited to observe open rehearsals, attend community events co-organized by The Church and Guild Hall, and attend in-process presentations and discussions designed to promote appreciation for the complexities of the artistic process. All programs take place at The Church, 48 Madison Street, Sag Harbor, NY 11963, (631) 919-5342.a??
Tickets and more information for the show and tell public performances on December 5 and January 13 are available at thechurchsagharbor.org. Proof of vaccination and masks required for all performances.
Third Bird
Libretto by Isaac Mizrahi, music by Nico Muhly, and choreography by John Heginbotham
Since 2007, Works & Process has produced sold-out performances of Sergei Prokofiev's charming children's classic Peter & The Wolf directed and narrated by Isaac Mizrahi. After 100+ performances, Mizrahi was inspired to create an homage to the iconic work, and during the pandemic Works & Process commissioned Third Bird, with a libretto by Mizrahi, music by composer Nico Muhly, and choreography by John Heginbotham. With a cast of 8, Third Bird tells the story of a flying bluebird, a swimming duck, and a running ostrich, aims to celebrate each individual's unique strength.
Commissioned by Works & Process Third Bird was developed in a Works & Process bubble residency at Catskill Mountain Foundation in Spring 2021, made possible through the generous support of The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. The Music for Third Bird is made possible, in part by the Ellis L. Phillips Foundation. Third Bird will receive a Works & Process LaunchPAD residency at The Church, Sag Harbor in December 2021, with public show and tell at The Church on December 5 at 6:30pm.
Les Ballet Afrik
New York Is Burning
by Omari Wiles
Since its release in 1990, the documentary Paris Is Burning has received critical acclaim for its depiction of the New York drag ball scene and of voguing as a powerful expression of personal pride in the face of racism, homophobia, and the stigma of the AIDS crisis. To honor the film's thirtieth anniversary and prior to the pandemic, Works & Process commissioned Omari Wiles, founding father of the House of Oricci and a legend within the ballroom community, to produce New York Is Burning. With its premiere at the Guggenheim postponed due to the pandemic, the project received a summer 2020 Works & Process bubble residency at Kaatsbaan Cultural Park and spring 2021 Works & Process bubble residency at Catskill Mountain Foundation for Wiles to develop the commission for his company, Les Ballet Afrik. Throughout this time, in some of New York States first permitted performances during the pandemic, Works & Process co-produced Les Ballet Afrik outdoor performances at Kaatsbaan Cultural Park, filmed performances at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, and preview performances inside the Guggenheim Rotunda. These performances served as an affirmation of love, acceptance, joy, and resilience.
Just as Paris Is Burning did for New York in the 1980s, New York Is Burning reflects the aspirations, desires, and yearnings of a diverse group of dancers in a city beset by health, race, and financial crises. Wiles's new work centers on the artists for whom the dance company serves as a surrogate family including Kya Azeen, Eva Bust A' Move, Algin Ford-Sterling, Alora Martinez, Shireen Rahimi, Milerka Rodriguez, Kameron N. Saunders, Karma Stylz, Yuki Sukezane, and Yuhee Yang. In preparation for its official premiere, New York Is Burning will be supported with a Works & Process LaunchPAD "Process as Destination" residency at The Church in Sag Harbor, NY, in partnership with Guild Hall in January of 2022, with opportunities for public engagement and in process showings for the local community. The long awaited world premiere will bring ballroom to the Guggenheim in a work featuring Wiles's AfrikFusion, a style that combines traditional African dances and Afrobeat with house dance and vogue.
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