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Home»Lists»15 Must-See Coming Of Age Films Of 2016
15 Must-See Coming Of Age Films Of 2016
Shikhar Verma 2017-01-31
Shikhar Verma / April 4, 2021 / 1 / 4.9k
Every year there are films that point out to the common themes of loneliness, alienation & human connection. There were also stories that anchor a protagonist(s) freeing away from the shackles of the society, leading their own way into solace. As I look back at the year that went by, I couldn't help myself from pointing out these 15 films that have the recurring theme of coming of age slowly tucked under them. These Coming Of Age Films Of 2016 absolutely deserve a watch.
Kubo and The Two Strings | Director: Travis Knight.
Kubo and the Two Strings doesn't shy away from the melancholia that surrounds tragedy. It embraces it will all the memorable moments which actually turn to magic and stories if you allow them to. Following Kubo on his mystical journey of finding himself, Travis Knight's staggering epic has been beautifully animated. It presents a touching and heartfelt story about memories and their importance in one's life.
Read The Complete Review of Kubo And The Two Strings Here.
15. Closet Monster | Director: STEPHEN DUNN.
The 27 Years old Canadian film-maker Stephen Dunn takes an old coming of age genre and bends it with a twist that is propelled by the internalized angst of the leading protagonist. Oscar's life is shaped by the two childhood events that constantly haunt him. He is a passionate make-up artist who is uncertain about his future, discovering his sexuality, and finding solace in his only friend Gemma & a talking hamster. Like life, every twist in the film is uncertain and the intensity of uncertainty magnifies when the focus shifts to the relationship between Oscar and his abusive father. 'Closet Monster' has one of the best use of the music this year and it perfectly amalgamates with the psyche of Oscar giving the film a new dimension.
14. Indignation | Director: James Schamus.
Indignation is a wondrous film about a young adult failing to see beyond the canvas of his own personal intelligence. With one of the most profoundly written conversations in recent memory, Indignation is basically a coming-of-age film or to put it more accurately – an anti-coming-of-age film that leaves a mark on your permanent memory in spite of its strange editing choices.
Related to Coming Of Age Films Of 2016: 75 Best Movies of The 2010s Decade
13. Little Men | Director: Ira Sachs.
Much like his 2014 film – Love Is Strange, Ira Sachs offers a richly textured look into two parties (in here that about two families) and the understated yet powerful drama that goes behind consistent falling apart. Seen through the eyes of two teenage boys who circle around their rhythmic life, Little Men deals with characters who are forced into situations that they don't want to be in.
Sachs's direction, however, attunes us into these lives and their struggle to cope up with the situations and themselves (never seeming overly sympathetic, yet equally investing). With two stunning central performances, Little Men goes forward to present a tale of growing up, learning to accept life with all its flaws.
Read The Complete Review of Little Men here.
12. Sing Street | Director: John Carney.
While being a terrific tribute to the late 80s bands that include the likes of Duran-Duran and The Cure, Sing Street is a heartfelt, feel-good coming-of-age film that plays all the right chords and glides along beautifully into the sea of emotions that run through your head. The first love and the first big decision is life have been presented with such delicacy that with all its issues, it still manages to win you over, again and again. Of all the compliments I can give to Carney's film, it being absolutely adorable is the most fitting one.
Read The Complete Review of Sing Street here.
11. Louder Than Bombs | Director: Joachim Trier.
We surround ourselves with people we love. We need to see them even though we walk halfway across the world, we see things in them that might reminiscent our own being and yet we feel completely alone. There are possibilities at large & they might never actually form into something bigger but there are always flexible images that might plug & unplug our console as we try to fight life, live a new & mostly just be there. Louder Than Bombs is an interesting take on the various mundane issues that associate with grief & it's results; where liars, lie, cheaters cheat & writers just try to find their way into that one stupid girl's heart.
10. Hunt for the Wilder people | Director: Taika Waititi.
Funny, poignant and truly heartfelt, Taika Waititi's Hunt for the Wilder people talks about Ricky Baker – an overweight, rap-loving, ever-hungry orphan who runs away to the woods because he doesn't know any better. The film is usually meet-cute but the way it deals with its two characters makes it a rather charming exploration of broken people finding love within themselves and each other. Ricky Baker's adventures are often hilarious, fascinating and truly majestic when he finds human connection in the last person he would ever seek it in.
9. Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping | Directors: Akiva Schaffer, Jorma Taccone.
Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping is this generation's 'This Is Spinal Tap.' A constantly hilarious, engaging critic on the modern day music documentaries. There's no stopping the force of this film that is so self-aware that even when 'wolves' show up and 'deadmaus5' crawl to eat it up, it stands tall on it's 'incredibly thoughts.' What's surprising is how well it presents a pretty generic yet charming coming of age story of a group of people who are screwed up by their own stupid stardom.
8. The Fits | Director: Anna Rose Holmer.
Entering adolescence has never felt so magical. Anna Rose Holmer's bombastic first feature mixes magic realism, peeking into the world you want to be a part of. Even with its constraint narrative, you feel things change and take shape when you least expect them to. The Fits is a distant cousin of Carol Morley's The Falling. A film about mass-hysteria at an all-girl school.
In The Fits, Anna Rose Holmer beautifully captures the life of Toni, (Royalty Hightower) a tomboy whose interest is peaked by an all-girl dancing class near her own boxing gym. As she slowly feels a gradual change in herself, Holmer's focus doesn't move away from her and her trouble. Even though we understand her problem, Holmer doesn't forcibly make us sympathize with her which only makes her film feel even more authentic and powerful.
7. Take Me To The River | Director: Matt Sobel.
Take Me to the River cages you into an eerie and uncomfortable atmosphere which doesn't really reveal what's going on under the surface. Dirty, disturbing and unpredictable, Take Me to The River is probably the smartest indie film I've seen all year. It uses its minimal setting to create a claustrophobic web of secrets. Matt Sobel has created a nightmare that doesn't open all its cards and the ambiguity or the open-ends just calls for even weirder thoughts. Take Me to the River is essentially a coming of age story that truly terrifies you with an experience you wish to wash off.
Similar to Coming-Of-Age Films of 2016: 20 Must-See Documentaries of 2016
Read The Complete Review of Take Me To The River Here.
6. The Edge Of Seventeen | Director: Kelly Fremon Craig.
Kelly Fremon Craig's The Edge Of Seventeen feels like a John Hughes film. What makes it great is the fact that it spreads its terrific writing over an array of characters that are stripped off from the generic high-school-cliche, as she gives them all a sense of enlightenment. Following Nadine on her self-loathing journey of teenage angst, Kelly Fremon Craig's film investigates how hard it is to be a teenager. The film is not completely ridden off from the bumpy seen-before dialects but they are cleverly coated under the wrap of a profound knowledge of human nature and the human connection. The director clearly has a great understanding of how people act and thankfully her film doesn't over-gloss the drawbacks with technological smartness that has gotten into almost all teen films these days.
5. Evolution | Director: Lucile Hadzihalilovic.
Lucile Hadzihalilovic's Evolution is a hypnotic tale of body horror set on a dystopian island. Where ghostly skinny women conceive boys without the help of men. Evolution is a hard film to follow. It sometimes feels like a feverish fable of motherhood in which sick boys begin to doubt their own existence, sometimes a creepy, atmospheric horror film that's about the vast existence of a human populous without the presences of the other sex, and most essentially a coming of age film about a small boy coming with terms with the strangeness of the world he lives in. Watching Evolution is a truly unsettling and infuriating experience. It's an act of becoming one with the ocean, like an ink of innocence dissolving into the vast sea of angst. Evolution is the most beautiful nightmare, a perfect watch for curious minds who are willing to dive deeper to catch the red starfish.
4. Everybody Wants Some!! | Director: Richard Linklater.
Linklater's spiritual sequel to Dazed & Confused is as important a film as the second film in the Before Series. Not because it continues the story but it shows how important and fun college life is. Not only to every single person on the planet; but to Linklater himself. Everybody Wants Some is basically about half a dozen jocks and their super-party-like lifestyle. These characters are not likable, but as you go back to college and remember those proud people who played for the university; you only remember them to be complete assholes. Linklater turns these assholes into characters who use their arrogance not only to define their personality but also as a carrying force in their competition called life. Linklater's film is a funny, intelligent ode to growing up.
3. American Honey | Director: Andrea Arnold.
Andrea Arnold's American Honey starts and ends with dives into two polar opposite mixes. One of them redeems you while the other makes you vulnerable. But, when the tables turn, isn't life all about finding solace in a small little cottage somewhere in the woods? With American Honey, Andrea Arnold (know for the indie wonder – Fish Tank) makes a bold narrative choice. Her camera mostly lingers into the inside of a van seamlessly providing us with a sense of belonging.
Similar To Coming Of Age Films Of 2016: The 50 Best Films of 2016
You are there – struggling, exploring and trying to get to the point where you somehow gain enough moolah to live your dream. American Honey feels like documenting life in it's rawest form. It takes you on a journey of self-realization. A journey where there is no room for regrets, relationships and mostly – no room for latching onto something that makes you crawl when you can swim and be a part of the ocean called life.
Read The Complete Review of American Honey Here.
2. Swiss Army Man | Director: The Daniels.
Swiss Army Man is a tender, funny and deeply moving coming of age film. It basically jabs into the dead side of every single one of us – the soul. So when we meet the corpse, i.e Manny he is just something which is repulsive (farting and being dead) but slowly we do get to know that he is a multi-tasking tool (much like a Swiss Army Knife). The Daniels are basically telling us that all the answers that we are looking for are inside us. We know when someone wants to reject us, we know why we are alone and we also know that life is still worth living with all the dirt in the world. They want you to fall in love with yourself. They want you to embrace what you are, even if you are someone who farts out loud or likes to dress up every once in a while.
Read The Complete Review of Swiss Army Man here.
1. Moonlight | Director: Barry Jenkins.
Barry Jenkins's Moonlight is tender and powerful. All the emotions are carried over to you in a series of subsequent gaze while the gaps between words never seem to fill the vacuum they create. As heartfelt and real as Moonlight is, it's equally poignant and poetic. Moonlight is a subtle investigation of a character's motivation to find love. It's about the constant struggle to find oneself while trying to fit right into the body we are supposed to be in. It's about not succumbing to being a product of the environment but rather being a product of yourself. It's about going past all the heartbreaks, questions, and complexities that bring you down and finally being able to find the voice you need and the listener who listens.
Read The Complete Review of Moonlight here
Tags:Akiva SchafferAndrea ArnoldAnna Rose HolmeBarry Jenkinscoming of ageIra SachsJames SchamusJoachim TrierJohn CarneyJorma TacconeKelly Fremon CraigLucile HadzihalilovicMatt SobelRichard LinklaterSTEPHEN DUNNTaika WaitititeenageThe DanielsTravis Knight
Haider [2014]: In the land of Blood, Snow and Chutzpah
Paterson [2016] : A poetic celebration of the Mundane
Shikhar Verma
Getting fat with the wife. Absolutely loves the all-consuming, indulgent world of cinema.
Amritt Rukhaiyaar
The 50 Most Anticipated Movies of 2022


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Ownage? Chauncey DeVega's Appearance on Ambush "Journalist" Jason Mattera's Radio Show to Discuss the Herman Cain is a Race Minstrel Affair
Sunday was the climax of the Herman Cain Race Minstrel Affair. After declining to appear on Fox News, I decided that if given an opportunity to go on a popular Right-wing radio show to discuss my views on black conservatives, I would accept such an invitation. Fate is indeed a trickster, as the next day I was invited to appear on the Jason Mattera Show on WABC 770 AM in New York City.
For those not in the know, this douche bag Right-wing personality has made a career as an "ambush" journalist whose claim to fame is a series of sophomoric "interviews" with Al Franken, John Murtha, and Charlie Rangel among other notable figures. Mattera, an unapologetic homophobe and bigot, is so unprofessional that even Bill O'Reilly schooled him on the importance of civility in journalism.
Thus, all subtlety would be thrown out of the window when/if I appeared on his show. I made a simple calculus: 770 AM is a huge station with great reach which I could play to my advantage; two, an appearance on a cookie cutter Right-wing radio show would be a chance to conduct a long-planned experiment.
The Right-wing echo chamber is not based on reasoned discourse because its premise is anti-intellectualism. Consequently, those not of the Right-wing tribe often lose in "debates" when on their turf because the tendency of progressives/Leftists/centrists/reasonable Conservatives is to want to talk and exchange ideas. Popular Conservatism is based on the opposite--scream, talk in bullet points, and recite talking points. The only way to win is to either play for a stalemate, or alternatively to deploy the rhetorical strategies of mouth-breathing Populist Conservatism against them.
In my appearance on The Jason Mattera Show I decided for a combination of both approaches. Mattera is a bully. Mattera is also someone who must control the situation in order to make his points because he is so utterly and totally bereft of substantive ideas. How do you beat a bully? You bully them back. How do you defeat an ambush? You ambush your attackers.
The Mattera Show did a good deal of subtle post-editing in their podcast of my appearance on Sunday (note to self: always record your own appearances for posterity sake) . In my live appearance, Mattera was noticeably flustered and could not answer basic questions: are black people who vote for the Democratic Party children or stupid? Are poor whites who vote for the Republican Party on a "plantation" of sorts?
He conveniently edited these out with repeated inserts of "lower his mic." During the live broadcast Mattera had no answer and fell all over himself evading the question.
I had some contacts listening to the show live. That group included neutral folks so that I could get some unbiased feedback. The consensus on their end was that I owned Mr. Mattera from step one. In the version which Jason Mattera did not throw down the memory well, I think I fought him to a standstill and won on points (especially given the fact that kicked me off the show in consternation and resorted to profanity and calling me a "kook" when he could not make his "logic" stick). There is also a caller--now edited out--who further angered Mattera when she seconded everything that I said.
The Right-wing shock jock class is not one that I want to be associated with on a repeated basis. As I told a friend, I felt as though I lost a few I.Q. points from merely being a "guest" in such a venue. I can only imagine the damage which Right-wing media does to its listeners. As always, your feedback is welcome and appreciated.
The segment starts at about minute 57.
Posted by chaunceydevega at 10:59 AM
Tags: America, Arts, Chauncey DeVega says, Herman Cain watch, Tricknology, white pathology
United States Police Hub said...
It was almost a waste of time for you to appear on this idiot's show except for the value of doing live radio with a yoyo that controls the volume etc..
It was obvious he could not handle any of your talking points and your rapid wit and delivery. I agree with your approach of dominating the bully especially for this clown who is an angry white male full of rage..
In the future I would do a short narrative with a series of quick bulletin points about you and your platform etc...Then when you engage a host of this shallow texture you can pivot from your narrative you left in the minds of those who listen to the show and who are visualizing your talking points..
I am a TV Host and a former radio talk show host..You have more power and control when you do TV appearances ..At a later date I will share the pro-cons of each venue..
In summary you won this round and I encourage you to do more interviews before you go visual live and in color...
chaunceydevega said...
Thanks for the advice Thrasher. We do not to chat on these things as I can benefit from your experience.
I am learning with these types of characters that quickness is key, no compound statements, simple points...precisely because they may cut you off and edit it. But, with a bully you can't let him monologue or you will have no time to rebut them and they will clown their guests.
When he did the name calling and silliness I just ignored it as he was trying to bait me.
Henri B. said...
Hometown dialect? Is that like Ebonics?
Oh Crap said...
I love all these professional homo-haters and states' righters, clutching their pearls over "racism".
Fucking asshole got booed off the stage for homo-hate, even at last year's CPAC.
Plantsmantx said...
"Hometown dialect? Is that like Ebonics?"
Yeah, I think Mattera was projecting there.
I've noticed that part of the right-wing response to this has been to willfully overlook the fact that Chauncey specifically referred to Cain "quoting" his grandfather saying "I does", and pretending that Chauncey was putting down the way Cain himself speaks. Of course, there's nothing wrong with the way Cain talks (as opposed to what he says when he talks, but these white rightists do believe there's something wrong with the way he talks.
Jelperman said...
This is the same Jason Mattera who tried to badger John Kerry into saying that there were no American atrocities in the Vietnam War.
On the 40th anniversary of the My Lai Massacre:
http://web.archive.org/web/20080403095736/daltonator.net/durandal/blog/?p=124
Batocchio said...
It sounds like Thrasher has some good tips. You did a nice job, especially considering that Mattera had his script and he was going to stick with it, regardless – but wisely, you didn't play along. Any right-wingers listening wouldn't have their minds changed, either. However, anyone listening to this fourth-rate Limbaugh who didn't have their mind made up already could hear that he couldn't handle you – turning down the volume multiple times read as pathetic, bullying, and ineffective bullying at that. It's one thing to cut you off when he's speaking and it's not a dialogue situation, but even some of the right-wing hosts out there will let their guests have their say, if briefly. (Then there's the O'Reilly-Mattera approach of selective editing.) Anyway, I hope you had fun!
Sir, I don't think your appearance on the show was very conducive. You certainly outwitted him and combated him excellently, but as Battochio said, the loyal listeners of that show don't give a shit about anything you said. I doubt that any of them will even come to your website. Nevertheless, maybe it was still a good decision. I definitely got a deeper look into how public "debates" work.
Incidentally, I can't believe how many times he turned your mic off. "This is my show." Conservatives and their power trips. Sheesh.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hey! I am a PostDoc (postdoctoral researcher) in mathematics, currently in the group of Prof. Dr. Kathrin Bringmann at the University of Cologne. I did my PhD in February 2018 under supervision of Prof. Dr. Jan Hendrik Bruinier at the TU Darmstadt and started the position in Cologne in April 2018.
My research area is number theory, more specifically the theory of modular forms. I am particularly interested in theta lifts between various spaces of automorphic forms and their applications.
I am a member of the SFB-TRR 191 'Symplectic Structures in Geometry, Algebra and Dynamics', working in a project supervised by Prof. Dr. Kathrin Bringmann and Prof. Dr. Silvia Sabatini.


Yesterday was the first day of fall, or so I've been told. In Texas, September 22 is simply another hot Wednesday. Growing up in Illinois, fall was always my favorite season. The season was the Rockwellian dream of leaves crunching beneath my feet, cozy sweatshirts, festivals, and a dazzling display of color in the tree's leaves. I do miss that part of Midwest living.
Fall was always my mom's favorite season too. When I lived in California she would send me pictures of the gorgeous trees which lined the street of my childhood home. Remember when pictures used to have to be printed to be seen? There was something magical about opening a hand written letter with photos tucked inside. Today finding such a thing in your mailbox would feel extravagant, yet it remains my favorite type of correspondence.
My dear niece Sarah sent this to me last October. A glimpse of fall at her college Southern Illinois University. It is magical to be sure.
It's been a long time since I've lived somewhere with a proper fall. In Minnesota fall is a unicorn, a fable, something everyone wants to believe in but no one has seen. Summer melts into winter with jackrabbit speed. The leaves do change to create a beautiful kaleidoscope, but they are off of the trees so quickly with the onset of heavy winds and rain. Yet Minnesota falls were still a sweet time for me since they still felt like a change of season--something we didn't feel much of in southern California.
In Texas, the weather doesn't feel too compatible with pumpkin spice and sweatshirts. But the season has changed all the same. Sometimes we move into another season and barely notice. It still feels like the kids are in footed jammies yet they're reading chapter books and making dinner for the entire family. We have blinked and look what happened. It still feels like summer but the calendar says autumn is here.
As one who savors the moments and tries to blink to only minimally, I welcome the change of seasons, even the ones which take me by surprise.


Bidfood is proud to be partnered with the Graeme Dingle Foundation.
For eight years Bidfood has supported the Foundation for Youth Development (FYD) and their Project K Programme. In that time we have donated close to $400,000 and many of our branches have also done their own fundraising over and above this to help support this great cause.
FYD has recently changed their name to the Graeme Dingle Foundation acknowledging Graeme Dingle's contribution to New Zealand's youth over 45 years. Together with his partner Jo-Anne Wilkinson they have had the single minded purpose of – transforming young lives forever.
Whilst they are taking on a new name - their purpose, people and structure remains unchanged. The Graeme Dingle Foundation still continue to deliver their highly effective school based programmes - Kiwi Can, Stars, Project K and Career Navigator. Programmes are operating throughout the country - see below.
Donations are made to the Graeme Dingle Foundation based on the sales of Smart Choice products. Greater sales equal a higher donation.


Our roving reporter David Clapp has dropped us a line from Patagonia where he's currently filming tutorial videos about the 6D camera for Canon Europe. Last Autumn David was producing a set of videos in the Lake District and the results were obviously received with some enthusiasm by Canon as they wanted to continue the project in more worldwide locales.
We look forward to our own correspondent bring field reports from all over the globe in the near future.
Here's some more of David's travel photographs from Patagonia.


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Words of Comfort, Hope and Promise
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Eye on San Clemente: Freedom Fighters – San Clemente Times
May 24, 2007 By marc
Eye on San Clemente: Freedom Fighters
San Clemente Times | By Nathan Wright
Painting "Our Marine Family" | By Mary McMenamin
Through nonprofit efforts and public observances, San Clemente bands together to remind people of the true meaning of Memorial Day.
Memorial Day means different things to different people. For some, it's a day to remember fallen soldiers, veterans and those currently serving in the United States military. For others it's a day off from work, a barbeque or a long-weekend getaway. It's a time of
flags flown from neighborhood porches and of long lines at local grocery stores. However the individual decides to observe Monday's Memorial Day, Camp Pendleton Chief of Staff Col. Stewart Navarre believes that all should take a moment to consider the significance of the national holiday and everything it represents.
"Each of us should think about what our fellow Americans have done, whether it's back in Valley Forge, or in the Civil War, or in the World Wars," says Navarre. "I think we should take some time, step back and consider what America would be like if these folks hadn't done what needed to be done. Remember those who either merely served or those who gave the ultimate sacrifice to preserve this country against bona fide enemies."
For those looking to involve themselves in Memorial Day beyond the backyard barbeque, San Clemente is home to both ceremony and support to the nation's past and present military. A Memorial Day Observance and a Marine Corps Music Fest will be held on Monday to honor and celebrate, and two local nonprofit groups are hard at work providing welcome and support to returning soldiers from the Middle East and to Marines in need of help.
Words of Comfort, Hope & Promise is one of those nonprofits. It's holding a welcome home party for the 2nd Battalion 4th Marines on June 14 at Camp Pendleton. The party will include a barbeque, entertainment for the Marines and their families, and gifts. "We're going to have the Surfaris playing 'Wipeout,' clowns to entertain the children, and we're going to give gifts to all the troops, their wives and their children," says Cynthia Martinez, president and founder of the organization.
Martinez can use all the help she can get. The 2nd Battalion 4th Marines includes 1,200 soldiers who are accompanied by 400 wives and 300 children. The nonprofit is well on its way to planning the event for the 1,900 invited, but Martinez is still looking for gifts and other donations to help make it happen.
Navarre and all those at Camp Pendleton welcome the party warmly. The return from a long deployment is, according to Navarre, "kind of like a family celebrating a birthday. It's a recognition that the public feels that you are important and we are glad to have you home. Literally this is like having your child come home from college after a year, except the soldiers have been exposed to danger every single day." While Martinez is preparing her party, another San Clemente resident is raising money to help support injured Marines and their families through financially difficult times.
James Birdsell's Miles for Marines hopes to raise $100,000 by this Memorial Day, and the funds will be donated to the Injured Marines Semper Fi Fund, a national charity that provides assistance to Marines injured in combat or training, to families enduring financial burdens from the extended hospitalization, recovery and rehabilitation of an injured Marine, or to affiliated service members injured while supporting the Marines.
"I didn't know any Marines when I started this project," says Birdsell. "This is our time to step up and help. Generations prior to us have always done something when military struggles have come up. It doesn't matter what your political beliefs are, it's more about caring and loving one another."
Miles for Marines isn't simply looking for a handout. It provides interested community members with the opportunity to hold their own small charity events. "We recently had an outrigger paddle from Catalina to Dana Point and that raised about $1,000," says Birdsell. "We've had a 5K bike ride from San Clemente to San Diego, and that raised between $1,000 and $2,000. We've had a 5K run inPhiladelphia that raised a few thousand dollars."
By running a personal charity event, Birdsell says, the community is able to take ownership of their contribution to a bigger cause. "This whole project has been an opportunity for people to express themselves in any way they want," he says. "Instead of just writing a check, once you get involved and step outside of yourself to help others you get a deeper appreciation for what you're doing."
No matter what event or cause supported, Navarre is proud of his community for its support of the troops who make Camp Pendleton their home. " San Clemente has a real commitment to fellow Americans in uniform and in honoring those who have made the ultimate sacrifice for their country," says Navarre. "This community has always been very welcoming to the young men and women in uniform who have come here. I think San Clemente is a real example to the nation of how we treat others as fellow Americans."
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The herbicidal properties of boron compounds
A. S. Crafts
R. N. Raynor
A. S. Crafts was Assistant Professor of Botany and Assistant Botanist in the Experiment Station; R. N. Raynor was Associate in the Experiment Station, Division of Botany.
Hilgardia 10(10):343-374. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v10n10p343. December 1936.
In the field of chemical weed control there is a constant demand for a reagent that will render the soil permanently sterile, for use on graveled driveways, parking areas, railroad right of ways, and similar areas where any plant growth is a nuisance. Although arsenic has proved most effective (14)4 for this purpose, its use is always attended by a poison hazard. For this reason it seems desirable to find a soil sterilant that is nonpoisonous to man and animals. The known toxicity of boron compounds to plants suggests the possibility of their use for this purpose.
While it is recognized that toxic concentrations of boron occur in soils in certain regions in California and Nevada (19), (23), (32) and that the leaching of additional boron compounds into the underground waters in these regions is undesirable, there are large areas in these states, and others, where such a condition does not exist. In fact, as the data presented in this paper will show, one of the most promising uses for boron compounds is in the control of range weeds in the north-coast counties of California where the underground waters are not utilized for irrigation. It seems therefore that such materials may find extensive use in many places.
On the other hand, it is well to point out at the outset that wherever boron is present in toxic quantities in soils, and wherever crop plants may be affected, boron compounds should not be used in weed control.
[1] Äslander Alfred. Experiments in the eradication of Canada thistle, Cirsium arvensis with chlorates and other herbicides. Jour. Agr. Research. 1928. 36:915-34.
[2] Blackwell C. P., Collings C. H. Trona potash; a progress report. South Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1920. 202:1-24.
[3] Blair A. W., Brown B. E. The influence of fertilizers containing borax on the yield of potatoes and corn—season 1920. Soil Sci. 1921. 11:369-85.
[4] Breckenridge J. E. Boron in relation to the fertilizer industry. Jour. Indus. and Engin. Chem. 1913. 13:324-25.
[5] Brenchley W. E. On the action of certain compounds of zinc, arsenic, and boron on the growth of plants. Ann. Bot. (London). 1914. 28:283-301.
[6] Brenchley W. E. Inorganic plant poisons and stimulants. 1914. London: Cambridge University Press. 110p.
[7] Brown B. E. Effect of borax in fertilizer on the growth and yield of potatoes. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 1922. 998:1-8.
[8] Collings G. H. The influence of boron on the growth of the soy-bean plant. Soil Sci. 1927. 23:83-107.
[9] Conner S. D. The injurious effect of borax on corn. Ind. Acad. Sci. Proc. 1918. 1917 Editionpp.195-99.
[10] Conner S. D., Fergus E. N. Borax in fertilizers. Indiana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1920. 239:1-15.
[11] Cook F. C. Boron: its absorption and distribution in plants and its effect on growth. Jour. Agr. Research. 1916. 5:877-90.
[12] Cook F. C., Wilson J. B. Effect of three annual applications of boron on wheat. Jour. Agr. Research. 1917. 10:591-98.
[13] Cook F. C., Wilson J. B. Boron: its effect on crops and its distribution in plants and soil in different parts of the United States. Jour. Agr. Research. 1918. 13:451-71.
[14] Crafts A. S. Plot tests with sodium arsenite and sodium chlorate as soil sterilants in California. California State Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. 1935. 24(4, 5, 6):247-59.
[15] Crafts A. S. Physiological problems connected with the use of sodium chlorate in weed control. Plant Physiol. 1935. 10:699-711.
[16] Crafts A. S. Factors influencing the effectiveness of sodium chlorate as a herbicide. Hilgardia. 1935. 9(9):437-58. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v09n09p437 [CrossRef]
[17] Crafts A. S. Toxicity of sodium arsenite and sodium chlorate in four California soils. Hilgardia. 1935. 9(9):459-98. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v09n09p459 [CrossRef]
[18] Eaton F. M. Boron requirements of cotton. Soil. Sci. 1932. 34:301-5.
[19] Eaton F. M. Boron in soils and irrigation waters and its effect upon plants, with particular reference to the San Joaquin Valley of California. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 1934. 448:1-132.
[20] Haas A. R. C. Toxic effect of boron on fruit trees. Bot. Gaz. 1929. 88:112-31.
[21] Hulbert H. W., Bristol R. C., Benjamin L. V. Methods affecting the efficiency of chlorate weed killers. Idaho Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1931. 189:1-12.
[22] Johnson E. S., Dore W. H. Influence of boron on the chemical composition and growth of the tomato plant. Plant Physiol. 1929. 4:31-62.
[23] Kelley W. P., Brown S. M. Boron in the soils and irrigation waters of southern California and its relation to citrus and walnut culture. Hilgardia. 1928. 3(16):445-58. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v03n16p445 [CrossRef]
[24] Lipman J. G. Relation of lime to ammonification in soils. New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. 31st Ann. Rept. 1911. 1910:114-17.
[25] Neller J. R., Morse W. J. Effects upon the growth of potatoes, corn, and beans resulting from the addition of borax to the fertilizer used. Soil Sci. 1921. 12:79-132.
[26] Offord H. R. The chemical eradication of Ribes. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 1931. 240:1-24.
[27] Plummer J. K., Wolff F. A. Injury to crops by borax. North Carolina Dept. Agr. Bul. 1920. 41(15):20
[28] Proulx E. G., Deemer R. B., Bitler R. O., Thornton S. F., Ford O. W., Roberts O. S. Injury to corn caused by borax in fertilizers. Indiana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1918. 215:16-18.
[29] Roberts W. H., Smitham Alfred, Voelcker J. A. Borax as destructive to vegetation. Analyst. 1918. 43:58-59.
[30] Sampson A. W., Parker K. W. St. Johnswort on the range lands of California. California Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1930. 503:1-48.
[31] Schreiner O., Brown B. E., Skinner J. J., Shapovalov M. Crop injury by borax in fertilizers. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 1920. 84:1-35.
[32] Scofield Carl S., Wilcox L. V. Boron in irrigation waters. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 1931. 264:1-66.
[33] Scott W. W., Webb S. K. Determination of minute amounts of boron in soils. Indus. and Engin. Chem. (Analyt. Ed.). 1932. 4:180-81.
[34] Skinner J. J., Allison F. E. Influence of fertilizers containing borax on the growth and fruiting of cotton. Jour. Agr. Research. 1923. 23:433-45.
[35] Skinner J. J., Brown B. E., Reid F. R. The effect of boron on the growth and yield of crops. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bul. 1923. 1126:1-31.
[36] Swanback T. R. The effect of boric acid on the growth of tobacco plants in nutrient solutions. Plant Physiol. 1927. 2:475-86.
[37] Thompson Noel F., Robbins W. W. Methods of eradicating the common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L 1926 U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bul. 1451:1-46.
[38] Warington Katherine. The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Ann. Bot. (London). 1923. 37:629-72.
Crafts A, Raynor R. 1936. The herbicidal properties of boron compounds. Hilgardia 10(10):343-374. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v10n10p343
Lemon industry in California: Long-term projection of market potential for lemon juice products based on variable determinants of summer demand
Timing oil spray on valencias: Study indicates influence of application timing on effect of pest control oil spray on yield and juice of Valencias
Spread of tristeza on citrus: Melon aphid relatively inefficient carrier of quick decline virus but at its height can ruin orchard in about five years
Growth regulators on apricot: Seeds from apricot trees treated with growth regulators are inhibited in germination and any seedling growth is abnormal
Soil fungi and seedling growth: Citrus tree growth and soil population relationships being studied in series of greenhouse tests underway at Riverside
Parasites of alfalfa aphid: Natural enemies of spotted alfalfa aphid found in search of Europe and Middle East may become established in California
Range rodent control by plane: Cereal bait scattered by plane at rate of one pound or less per acre prior to seeding effectively controls range rodents
Application of meat tenderizer: Precooking holding periods for beef treated with tenderizers using papain as the activating agent found to be unnecessary
Performance of crossbred ewes: Study made of four types of first-cross ewes to evaluate use of rams of medium-wool, dual-purpose breeds for replacements
Potato hair sprout: Disorder of potatoes causes problem for processors and seed producers
Some effects of thallium sulfate upon soils
Toxicity of arsenic, borax, chlorate, and their combinations in three California soils


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Home » Cruises » Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings sues Florida over vax law
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings is suing Florida's surgeon general to invalidate the state's law prohibiting businesses from requiring proof of vaccination.
The motion, filed in the Southern District of Florida, requests a preliminary injunction on the law in order to enable NCLH's three brands — Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises and Regent Seven Seas Cruises — to resume cruising from Florida ports with a vaccine mandate.
In April, Florida passed legislation that forbids businesses from prohibiting entry based on vaccination status, which is a central part of NCLH's return-to-service plan. As early as May, NCLH CEO Frank Del Rio said that the company would have to consider moving its ships from Florida if the law were to stand.
In its complaint, NCLH said that the legislation "places NCLH in an impossible dilemma as it prepares to set sail from Florida: NCLH will find itself either on the wrong side of health and safety and the operative federal legal framework, or else on the wrong side of Florida law."
NCLH said that it is ready to resume sailing from Florida ports on Aug. 15, but that "despite our best efforts, we have been unable to reach a reasonable and mutually agreeable solution with the State of Florida that would allow us to require documentation confirming guests' vaccination status prior to boarding. Despite the ongoing global pandemic and the accelerating spread of the Delta variant, Florida continues to prohibit us from requiring vaccine documentation, which we believe would enable us to resume sailing in the safest way possible."
The company said that the state's prohibition "is on the wrong side of federal law, public health, science and is not in the best interest of the welfare of our guests, crew, and the communities we visit. Therefore, we have reluctantly turned to the courts for relief."
NCLH says that its passengers "overwhelmingly support vaccination and documentation of same." The company also states that requiring vaccination for passengers and crew is consistent with the protocols required by many of foreign ports that NCLH is scheduled to visit, including Belize, Bahamas, British Virgin Islands and Honduras.
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In a declaration to the court, Del Rio said, "The fact that 34 million Americans have contracted Covid-19 and 600,000 have died tells me that the trifecta of mask-wearing, social distancing and washing hands were not sufficient to curb the transmission and effects of Covid-19."
NCLH: Canceling cruises would be costly
The complaint further says that without the requested injunction, NCLH will not be able to sail from Florida.
In a statement to the court, Del Rio said that having to cancel its Florida cruises would cost NCLH approximately $4 million in lost revenue per seven-day cruise of the Norwegian Gem cruise ship, and likely would cost the broader cruise ecosystem that supports the Gem hundreds of thousands of dollars per cruise. He said those losses would only increase over time, given that NCLH plans to launch 15 ships from Florida this coming fall and winter.
NCLH filed suit against Scott Rivkees, the state's surgeon general, because according to the complaint, he is responsible for enforcing the law. NCLH said if it disobeys the law, NCLH would face "crushing penalties of up to $5,000 per passenger."
Calling the swift deployment of vaccines "the primary vehicle for people to safely get back to their everyday lives while containing the spread of the virus," NCLH said that its policy of 100% vaccination of guests and crew "is consistent and in place without issue in every port we sail from around the world except for Florida."
"Florida is the cruise capital of the world and has been our company's home since our founding in 1966, and we pride ourselves on continuing our good relations and contributions to our local community," NCLH said. "It gives us no pleasure to be pursuing this lawsuit, which was our last resort. Nothing takes priority over the health and safety of our guest, crew and the communities we visit; our commitment to them is paramount."
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REPORT: Ruggs' Lawyers Argue 'Slow Firefighters' to Blame for Crash Victim's Death
Lawyers representing Henry Ruggs insist that, according to a witness's testimony, Tina Tintor might not have died if first responders had acted more quickly.
The car crash, which took place on Nov. 2 in the wee hours of the morning in Las Vegas, left 23-year-old Tintor's Toyota Rav 4 in flames after Ruggs allegedly hit her going more than 150 mph in his Corvette. She and her dog, Max, burned to death.
Ruggs, 22, is accused of having a blood alcohol concentration of 0.161, which is twice the legal limit. The former Alabama wide receiver was released from the Las Vegas Raiders shortly after news broke of the crash.
A report from ESPN states that an anonymous witness reported firefighters waited for "approximately 20 minutes" before attempting to put out the car fire that entrapped Tintor. David Chesnoff and Richard Schonfeld, Ruggs' defense attorneys, brought this information to a court filing Wednesday.
"Firefighters were 'in a position to extinguish the vehicle fire while it was in its infancy stages and failed to do so,'" ESPN reported, per the information included in the court filing.
While there are no details about who the witness is, ESPN reported that he "was at home nearby when he heard the crash and went to look."
This assertion does not, however, line up with what Erik Pappa, a spokesman for Clark County, stated Thursday.
"The captain on the scene reported that the vehicle was fully involved in fire upon arrival and the passenger compartment was not survivable for anyone inside," Pappa said in a statement to ESPN.
Chesnoff and Schonfeld have requested to subpoena the Clark County Fire Department's records, which may contain information about the timeline of the first responders' involvement with the crash. The hearing is now scheduled for Nov. 17.
This news comes on the heels of Ruggs' attorneys also arguing to keep his medical records from prosecutors, citing "state privacy laws" supersede any federal privacy requirements that would otherwise make them admissible in court.
Ruggs is facing a felony DUI resulting in death charge, as well as reckless driving charges. While DUIs are typically misdemeanors, Nevada's laws allow them to be categorized as felonies for several reasons, including if a victim dies as a result of the DUI.
Ruggs acquired more charges Wednesday, according to ESPN, including a second felony DUI, more reckless driving charges, and a charge for possessing a firearm while intoxicated, which is a misdemeanor. The second felony DUI charge, according to Clark County District Attorney Steve Wolfson via ESPN, is merited due to the fact that Ruggs' girlfriend, Kiara Je'nai Kilgo-Washington, was seriously injured in the crash.
"The evidence supports a second felony DUI charge," Clark County District Attorney Steve Wolfson said Wednesday, as reported by ESPN. "… [U]nder Nevada law, if one is substantially injured in a DUI collision as a result of the defendant's actions, we can file a second charge."
If convicted, he will see at least two to 50-plus years of prison time, depending on how many charges for which he's found guilty. All his offenses are nonprobationable.
At the time of the crash, Ruggs was taken to jail on a $150,000 bond. He was promptly bailed out and, according to ESPN, is currently on house arrest "with strict conditions."
As more information develops, stay connected here for details.
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News, State News, Tuscaloosa News Tags:Articles, Crime and Courts, Featured, Henry Ruggs, Henry Ruggs III, News
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At the beginning of April 2019, Kyrgyzstan will undergo another ICAO audit to withdraw from the EU blacklist. Director of the Civil Aviation Agency of Kyrgyzstan Kurmanbek Akyshev told at a press conference.
Some scheduled training exercises to eliminate conditional fire will be held at the Astana International Airport, Kazakhstan, at 02:30 pm today, February 28, 2019, Kazinform reports with reference to the press service of the Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport.
Air Astana JSC commented on the situation with flights to India, the Kazinform News Agency, Kazakhstan, reported.
From now on, only one taxi company, Bakı Taksi Xidməti LLC, will serve local residents and tourists at the Heydar Aliyev International Airport, Trend reports with reference to the Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies on Thursday.
An aircraft of Boeing 767 Uzbekistan Airways, which departed on the morning of 27 February on the route Tashkent-Amritsar, was forced to return to Tashkent.
Air Astana will be increasing the frequency of services from both Almaty and Astana to Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan with effect from 1 April 2019.
In connection with the recently published articles in the media referring to the World Bank Group's report, the Private Sector Diagnostic for Uzbekistan, IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, informs that the report covers the period between April 2018 and June 2018.
Ural Airlines, Russia, launches its new flight en route Samara, Russia – Tbilisi, Georgia. Flight No. U6-2525/2526 will be operated on Mondays and Fridays since April 1, 2019.


The Festival City Winds programme encompasses four adult amateur concert bands partnered with several community institutions in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The structure of the programme provides opportunities for musicians with various levels of experience to participate in group music-making at an appropriate level of difficulty, in a variety of musical styles.
Providing opportunities for the musical growth and enrichment of its members through high quality instruction in music performance skills, theoretical concepts, and historical background knowledge. These elements all contribute to general musical understanding and appreciation.
Benefiting the wider community by participating in and performing for community events.
Providing high quality instruction for adult beginners, and helping to make entry-level musicians feel welcome and eager to continue.
Providing an atmosphere of cooperation and camaraderie that enriches the social lives of its members.


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Lockstep Diagnostic
Brand and Messaging
Predatory Marketing
History's Greatest Strategists
Knowledge Nuggets
Institute of Change
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Your Must-Read Business Books Converted Into Pure 'Nuggets' of Wisdom
There are so many important books to read
and only so much time.
Knowledge Nuggets is our attempt
to balance that ledger.
By distilling the pages of stories to get to the core,
you'll get undeniable principles, "Nuggets",
that can be put into practice in your business to get results.
For each title that appears here,
there are probably 20 or so,
that didn't make to the list.
That's what makes this resource so valuable.
Enjoy a video summary, article and PDF download
for each key book we have selected.
Step Change Library
To sway someone to your point of view takes skill. The same can be said when it comes to selling a product. The power of persuasion is a potent tool and should be honed to a fine point. Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion will guide you on how to integrate the six heuristics of persuasion into your marketing strategies.
According to Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh, the key to running a successful business is happiness. By developing happiness habits, embracing a happy work-life, and prioritising your customer's happiness, Tony believes businesses can succeed. Delivering Happiness will guide you on how to live life full of purpose, passion, and profits.
Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion
Author: Robert B. Cialdini
Subject area: Applied Psychology, Marketing & Consumer Behaviour, Sales & Marketing
Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose
Author: Tony Hsieh
Subject area: Business, Customer Relations
Before attempting any significant endeavour, you should always have a strategy. Having developed one you should always ensure that it is achievable. Good Strategy/Bad Strategy helps you understand the difference between a good strategy and a bad one.
Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why it Matters
Author: Richard Rumelt
Subject area: Business Strategy
Neither size, depth, or scale can guarantee the continuity of businesses for tomorrow. So what can organisations do to be more future-ready? Exponential Organizations can help one learn how to build an organisation that is scalable, fast-moving, and smart for a better chance of success.
Exponential Organizations: Why new organizations are ten times better, faster, and cheaper than yours (and what to do about it)
Authors: Salim Ismail, Michael S. Malone & Yuri van Geest
Subject area: Systems & Planning, Business & Organisational Learning
Have you ever wondered how your mind works? Have you ever desired to improve your judgement and decision-making skills? Thinking Fast and Slow analyses the two modes of thought and how they affect our judgement and decision making.
Thinking Fast and Slow
Author: Daniel Kahneman
Subject area: Psychology
A great idea without proper execution is useless, but chaos is expected when you act on it. The 4 Disciplines of Execution has the game plan that will help one withstand the power of the whirlwind, the chaos of day to day life, and finally focus on the work that really matters.
The 4 Disciplines of Execution: Achieving Your Wildly Important Goals
Authors: Chris McChesney, Jim Huling & Sean Covey
Subject area: Self-help, Management & Leadership
Efficiency is a must for any great endeavour. Whether you are setting up a small business or running a multi-million dollar company, it is the key to success. Scrum first had its origins in the world of Software Development. And now it is sweeping through a myriad of other places such as Google, Amazon and FBI, where work gets done.
Scrum: The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time
Authors: Jeff Sutherland & J.J. Sutherland
Subject area: Software Development, Project Management
Understanding different aspects of human behaviour is crucial to every strategy. Switch explores the concept of change and self-control. It points out that change is difficult without the right motivation and compels readers to look at things in a different way - a change of perspective, and get you started on the path of self-improvement.
Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard
Authors: Chip Heath & Dan Heath
Subject area: Stress Management, Organisational Behaviour, Business Decision-Making & Problem Solving
How are today's technologies and current trends shaping and changing the world, and how is it impacting today's businesses? The Fourth Industrial Revolution tackles the opportunity to shape how we live and work through the fourth industrial revolution, the Synthesis revolution, where cyber, physical and medical biotechnologies come together.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
Author: Klaus Schwab
Subject area: Future Studies, Economic Conditions, Technology & Society
Dual Transformation shows us the ideal transformation model that businesses can use to address change and face today's disruptive forces. A lot of people talk about disruption and what technologies are coming, but this chunks it down and gives us an approach to resilience for organisations and how we respond to disruption.
Dual Transformation: How to Reposition Today's Business While Creating the Future
Authors: Scott D. Anthony, Clark G. Gilbert & Mark W. Johnson
Subject area: Organisational Learning, Strategic Management, Organisational Change
The Startup Way is the follow-up to The Lean Startup. It follows an example after example of businesses going through that scale-up journey. It covers the idea of companies looking to be purpose-led, to be customer-led, to be agile in their focus and in the way they think about value, getting feedback, and how they deliver their funding.
The Startup Way: How Modern Companies Use Entrepreneurial Management to Transform Culture and Drive Long-Term Growth
Author: Eric Ries
Subject area: New Business Enterprises, Entrepreneurship
The Platform Revolution is the backstory to businesses like Airbnb, eBay, Uber, and Facebook, and how they have effectively disrupted markets. When people talk about market disruption and technology, what they're referring to and haven't distinguished yet is that it's actually a platform business and a platform play.
Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy - and How to Make Them Work for You
Authors: Geoffrey G. Parker, Marshall W. Van Alstyne & Sangeet Paul Choudary
Subject area: New Business Enterprises, E-Commerce
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Provided with love and designed to be used and shared with respect. Please acknowledge and pass on.
Step Change, WOTSO Building Level 3, 55 Pyrmont Bridge Rd, Pyrmont, Sydney, NSW, 2009(02) 8030 8655


Pest description and damage Several species of aphids can become problems as foliar, twig or stem, or root feeding pests on elms. Some of the aphids have a summer alternate host where they infest roots, stems, lower trunk or leaves of Amelanchier, hawthorn, apple, pear, currant or other rosaceous plants. Some of the aphids form galls on elm while others distort tissue or cause leaves to pucker and roll tightly. Woolly elm aphids are tiny and dusted with a light gray wax. They cause leaves to roll under from the edge of the leaf toward the midrib. Their alternate summer host is serviceberry. Woolly apple aphids form clusters on galls on elm. On apple they produce long, white, waxy filaments and form noticeable white patches on bark, water sprouts and the roots. They also form lumpy galls on Malus branches and roots; heavy root galling can kill small trees. Feeding damage on elm leaves is aesthetically displeasing but usually doesn't cause significant tree damage. If abundant on elm, they produce galled and distorted leaves and honeydew and can compromise the vigor of small trees.
Biology and life history The Eriosoma species all winter over on elm, in bark crevices. In spring, they produce young which feed on the elm leaves, then become mature winged adults, which migrate to their alternate hosts. They spend summer on these alternate hosts until fall when winged adults are produced again and migrate back to elm. Woolly apple aphid has adapted to overwinter on apple even in the absence of elms.
Pest monitoring Woolly elm bark aphids are best observed on bark before budbreak. Observe trees as they leaf out in spring to determine infestation levels, so that if pesticides are needed they can be applied before damage is significant. Once leaves are distorted, the damage can't be undone.
The woolly apple aphid prefers to infest wounds, callus tissue or other damaged areas on trees. Keep trees in good health and watered during periods of drought.
Woolly apple aphids and other Eriosoma spp. are heavily regulated by predators and parasitoids. Syrphid fly larvae, lacewing larvae, and lady beetles are common predators on the aphids. Often by the time the aphids are noticed, predators are already on site and feeding. The wasp parasitoid Aphelnius mali also is reported to control woolly apple aphid.
Anon. 2011. Elm Aphids. Agriculuture and Agri-Food Canada.


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A Intendência-Geral da Polícia da Corte e do Reino, sob a dependência da Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino, foi o órgão central de polícia de Portugal, entre 1760 e 1833. Tinha, como função, coordenar as atribuições policiais exercidas pelos magistrados judiciais. Os intendentes-gerais da Polícia da Corte e do Reino tornaram-se dos magistrados mais poderosos do Reino, com poderes alargados nas áreas judicial, policial e, até, de assistência social. O titular tinha como atribuição a chefia da polícia e da segurança pública em todo o território do Reino. Era um verdadeiro Ministro da Polícia, como o existente na França entre 1796 e 1815.

O Alvará, com força de lei, de 25 de junho de 1760 regulamentou as funções do cargo em Portugal, entre as quais estavam previstas a fiscalização dos corregedores e ministros criminais, a prevenção e repressão da delinquência criminal e a superintendência do controle da população móvel e de estrangeiros. A essas se acrescentaram a proteção da pessoa do soberano e da sua família, a vigilância quanto à ação de espiões e o combate às ideias liberais consideradas subversivas, oriundas da Revolução Francesa.

No Brasil, o cargo foi criado pelo Alvará de 10 de maio de 1808, logo após a chegada da família real portuguesa, mantendo a vigência das disposições do Alvará de 1760.

Tornaram-se famosos pela atuação como Intendentes Gerais de Polícia, Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique (1777–1805), em Portugal, Paulo Fernandes Viana (1808–1821) e Francisco Alberto Teixeira de Aragão (1824–1827), no Brasil.

Funções
O Alvará de 25 de junho de 1760 conferia, aos intendentes-gerais da Polícia, as seguintes competências e atribuições:

1) Ampla e ilimitada jurisdição em matéria de polícia sobre todos os Ministros Criminais e Civis;

2) Fazer observar as leis e regimentos estabelecidos para a polícia da Corte e de todo o Reino;

3) Encaminhar os autos conclusos dos processos criminais aos juízes da Relação (ou Justiça da Corte);

4) Superintender, supervisionar e inspecionar:

 os corregedores e juízes do crime quanto ao cumprimento diligente de suas obrigações relacionadas com as Ordenações do Reino e Leis Extravagantes,
 as atividades de registro de moradores de cada bairro e o cadastramento dos ociosos e libertinos,
 a vigilância sobre pessoas com probabilidade de delinquir,
 o controle da locação de imóveis, impedindo-se que sejam habitados por vadios, jogadores profissionais ou pessoas de mau procedimento,
 a observância das disposições legais para a mudança de pessoas de uma para outra residência,
 a fiscalização da entrada e permanência de nacionais ou estrangeiros no território do Reino,
 o controle sobre as atividades de estalajadeiros, taverneiros, vendeiros ou quaisquer outras pessoas que forneçam hospedagem em estabelecimentos públicos,
 a fiscalização da entrada de navios nacionais ou estrangeiros na barra ou no porto,
 o controle de viajantes quanto ao porte do bilhete de entrada (autorização),
 o trabalho de expedição de passaporte, o seu uso, bem como a fiscalização dos viajantes clandestinos,
 a concessão da licença para mendicantes.

Sob a tutela da Intendência-Geral da Polícia, foram criadas a Casa Pia de Lisboa, em 1780 e a Guarda Real da Polícia, em 1801.

História
1760 – Criação da Intendência-Geral da Polícia da Corte e do Reino, sob o impulso do Marquês de Pombal, através do alvará com força de lei de 25 de junho;

1780 – Por iniciativa do intendente-geral da Polícia Pina Manique, é criada sob sua tutela, por decreto de 3 de junho, a Real Casa Pia de Lisboa, para integração e formação profissional de jovens pobres com atividades irregulares ou marginais;

1801 – Por decreto de 10 de dezembro, é criada a Guarda Real da Polícia, uma força militarizada de segurança pública, dependente da Intendência-Geral da Polícia;

1808 – Em virtude da transferência da Família Real Portuguesa para o Rio de Janeiro, é aí criada a Intendência Geral de Polícia da Corte e do Estado do Brasil, segundo o modelo direto da Intendência-Geral da Polícia da Corte e do Reino, seguindo os mesmos regulamentos e com as mesmas competências;

1833 – O decreto de 16 de maio de 1832 do governo liberal sedeado em Angra, determina que as competências de polícia geral passassem a ser exercidas pelos prefeitos de cada província, sendo, pouco depois, extinta a Intendência-Geral da Polícia da Corte e do Reino.

Bibliografia
  Flávio Borda d'Água, "L'Intendance générale de la cour et du royaume du Portugal : quelques réflexions sur son histoire et ses influences européennes", in Catherine Denys (éd.), Circulations policières : 1750-1914, Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du septentrion, Coll. Histoire et civilisations. Temps, espace et société, n° 1366, 2012, p. 139-158.

Ver também
 Intendente

Ligações externas

 Intendente/Intendência Geral de Polícia da Corte e Estado do Brasil, poir Dilma Cabral, MAPA, 10 de Novembro de 2016| Última atualização em 4 de Agosto de 2021

Polícia de Portugal
Polícia do Brasil
Instituições de Portugal
Organizações extintas de Portugal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Separatism is filling the news it seems these days, we have the Scottish independence referendum, Brexit, Kurdish independence referendum in Iraq and now Catalonia is seeking to separate itself from Spain. It is a basic political problem inherent with democratic governments: where are the boundaries of sovereignty of the people? Should the British voters as a whole be able to impose Brexit on the Scots, the Welsh and the people of northern Ireland even though in those regions, the majority clearly voted to remain in the EU? If so then why? What is wrong with the people of Crimea voting to join and be part of Russia?
It is a basic dynamic of how agreements are made which is the basis of political legitimacy. Political power is based on either imperial force by the maxim of "might makes right", or on the basis of justice by the maxim "right makes might". While we see tyrannical power of government being used to arrogate to themselves all kinds of new rights to restrict freedoms of various regions and citizens as oppressive, this is countered by the readiness of those who are oppressed to fight for their rights. Both are using might to gain their rights. The ebb and flow of these political and sometimes military battles reaches some kind of equilibrium by negotiation with new mutual recognition of rights. Democracies reflect this dynamic though parliaments that give voice to the various factions allowing each new act of decision making to be a new negotiated agreement. But the tyranny of the majority can cause splintering, especially where regions are concerned and have a local opposing majority. Regional autonomy, as happens in federal governments, may be helpful to allow for regional cultural differences to weigh in the balance of keeping everyone united in other ways.
Keeping the peace politically needs agreements that are constantly renegotiated and renewed and this is the price of unity. Often the differences come down to economics. Richer regions often object to other regions getting more government spending out than they pay in, in taxes. This is the case in Catalonia today. It was the case in Scotland. It was the case in Ukraine. A large part of the Iraqi Kurd separatism is based on the perceived oil wealth.
This practice of preserving unity by force was to become the defining characteristic of much of the political leadership of the Muslim world. Despite early attempts to reach agreements through shurah as instructed in the Qur'an – for more on this read http://investigatingislam.org/democracy-and-self-determination/ – the pre-Islamic practices of monarchies and dynastic rule took over. Shia Islam goes back to a crucial point where Ali the grandson of the prophet Muhammad(pbuh) after being elected though community consultation was eventually defeated by a leader who began dynastic rule that didn't pretend to be based on the free consent of the people and hence their agreement. The rule of that leader was by imperial force of might makes right. The term "shia" comes from the word "partisans" in that they were partisans of Ali who were opposed to his rival.
In a broad sense Sunni Islam declares that the price of unity is imperial rule – allowing the ruler to impose himself against the will of the people who wish to split off. Shia Islam is about the right to split off from an oppressive ruler and fight against him. Although most Sunni Muslims think of themselves and the word Sunni to mean following the sunnah of Muhammad, this is not so. It is that sunni Muslims have followed the sunnah of the leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad(pbuh) and in particular, followed them even when they were engaging in might makes right imperial rule.
Ali had his own rebels who wanted to split off, known as the "khawarej" they refused to pledge allegiance to Ali in much the same way as some had refused to pay zakat to Abu Bakr. However, Ali refused to fight them unless they fought him. In this Ali was upholding the Qur'anic instructions. The need to negotiate a solution was understood, and many efforts were made, but ultimately the pre-islamic patterns re-established themselves as mentioned above.
I hope that, in Syria such a reconciliation happens, and in all other places where civil war or other imperial wars threaten. This is where the real work needs to be done in peace making, recognising everyone's rights so that the rich and powerful do not oppress the poor and weak but instead give some of their wealth to help them be able to stand up for themselves. Key to this are two basic teachings of Islam the prohibition of usury – see http://investigatingislam.org/islamic-finance-wtd/ – and the Zakat obligation see – http://investigatingislam.org/zakat-the-need-for-new-simple-rules/.
Reconciliation does not mean assimilation though. It means recognising and respecting differences instead of being proud of language, nation or race or even religion. From the first treaty that established the government led by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) there has been recognition of the rights of followers of different religions to live according to their consciences and their own laws. Nationalism does not need to have the idea of the sovereign nation state as emerged from the exclusively Christian peace treaty of Westphalia, which embodied the idea that everyone within the state was to follow the religion and the laws of that state. This is driven from a particularly Christian notion of vicarious atonement where the religious authorities say, obey us and we have the authority to forgive you. In Islam, individual moral accountability is the main message, and this requires above all else freedom of moral choice including which religious opinion to follow. This ethos is what has meant that Islam has, perhaps uniquely set the example for the world of multiculturalism and tolerance. Each nation – or ummah – can and should have freedom to develop their own rules which they govern themselves by, and those nations need not be defined geographically.


The goal of Search the Woods is to engage in honest, thought provoking, reasonable discussion on the subject of Bigfoot, Sasquatch, Wood Ape, or whatever other name you may ascribe to the most infamous of North American cryptids.
For blog posts, check out the posts section, for more about STW, including where you can hear me on podcasts, YouTube, etc. just go here.
If you like Search The Woods, you'll also want to check out this section for links to my favorite podcasts, sites, and organizations.
Ultimately, however, this site serves as a written outlet for me to express my thoughts, feelings, and even experiences, related to the Bigfoot subject.
Hopefully we'll find common ground and, yes, hopefully we'll disagree on some areas.
That's how the subject moves forward.


The last couple of weeks for me have held a few ups and downs. When people use that phrase they are usually thinking more of the 'downs' than the 'ups', and that is the case for me: self pity often seems to be nipping at my heels lately. It is in this frame of mind that I switched on my laptop yesterday to start to write a 'Small Things' post.
I didn't get very far yesterday, mainly because the final of The Apprentice was on TV! It's important to me to slow down enough to be grateful, though, and to appreciate the small moments that make up my life, and my Small Things posts help me to do that, so I'm back at my laptop today with new focus.
I'm aware that I always seem to feel the need to explain these posts and have perhaps laboured the 'gratitude' point a little too much on this blog – and yet it has become a part of my battle against negativity, discontent, self pity and stress. Time and again I need to remind myself to count and name the Small Things, and that is perhaps why my readers may find themselves getting a sense of deja vu now and again when I put this thought process into words.
*This restful Youtube playlist – Music for reading – which was a lovely accompaniment to wrapping up Christmas presents at the end of a long day.
*Reading a book by my Great-great Uncle: It's really interesting to explore the writer roots in my family.
*Recovering from flu. It really knocked me out and it's so good to feel like acceptable company again!
*Listening to Paolo Nutini's Caustic Love album on youtube. Every song is great!
*Getting excited about presents and food and seeing family and friends!
*Spotting Barn Owls near our house.
*Feeling the wind and rain on my face as I walked in the field with Jamie.
*The way the hills and fields around our house look different every morning depending on the weather.
*I know I have already mentioned Christmas lights in a previous Small Things post, but can I have them again?!
*Getting to see my nieces and nephews more often now that we live in Devon.
*Walking in the sand dunes as the sun went down one Sunday, and seeing Lundy Island, where we spent our summer holiday, on the horizon.
*Seeing my brother and sister recently.
*Getting a surprise accidental extra package from my orders for the Hand and Heart stall, which meant I got to have these Fair Trade deer ornaments for my house as well as to sell!
*Having got our lounge all cosy and personalised with a gallery wall, candles, books and blankets.
*Getting to relive my childhood when my niece was watching Cinderella. I'm sure I watched it at about her age, and it has stood the test of time!
I really enjoyed reading this Amy & reminded me of MY grandmother saying "We must count your blessings". Lots of love.


text:
Camden Close-Up: John Ros
Photography (c) Robin Roemer, 2013
Exhibited in 'Citizen' at Swiss Cottage Gallery 24 April - 15 July 2018 with Tash Kahn
Love Camden loves its local talent. We aim to celebrate everything cultural in the borough, from Hampstead to Kilburn, from the British Library to that little café around the corner - we are always out to show what Camden has to offer. As part of this we launched our Camden Close-Up series: interviews with artists, thinkers, entrepreneurs and downright interesting figures that live, work or are inspired by the borough.
This month we spoke to John Ros, who recently exhibited in 'Citizen' at Swiss Cottage Gallery, and is interested in non-commercial, non-proprietary, open source, community-organized, sustainable practices that promote vitality and viability through awareness and action.
What would you would do if you weren't doing this? What would your parallel life look like?
Probably an architect or a musician. I love working with space and light. to build shelters and public spaces would put many of my philosophies into practice.
I often say that the rhythm in my work comes from the fact that I wasn't allowed to become a musician. I am a first-generation American, both of my parents musicians. Because they knew how hard it was to be a musician (working 2-4 jobs throughout my childhood) they wanted a better life for us. So I became an artist.
What do you think is most important: luck, chance, opportunity or hard-graft?
Life is a constant play between all of these. You can work hard your whole life and never get a break. You can be lucky without lifting a finger. My life has been a healthy combination of risk-taking, working hard and luck. Opportunities come and go. Luck happens. Most important, you have to know how and when to act... and put yourself in a good place to take a risk or two. Nothing is a guarantee. Nothing is inevitable.
What has been your most career defining moment to date and why?
Always the most recent exhibit. An art practice is so much about continuance. Persistence. Opportunities do not always present themselves and we can find ourselves in a rut. Staying focused and dedicated is often what success looks like. Besides, I am always on to something else. A new project. New research. So what is most current in my practice is often what excites me most and brings me to new places.
What are you most proud of and what are you least proud of……and why?
Most proud of: my fine art ventures: pocket and galleryELL/studioELL. Though they where/are so much work, there is also so much reward because as founder/director, its all on me.
Least proud of: I bite my nails. I either look extremely hungry or extremely anxious. Both of which are often true and both of which are distracting.
Tell us a secret
I hate the beach. I would much prefer 2 feet of snow on a cold, dark mountain top.
John Ros is an artist, curator, professor, and activist. He currently lives and works in New York City and Harrisonburg, Virginia, US. He obtained an MFA from Brooklyn College, City University of New York, in 2013 and a BFA from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 2000.
Ros is an Assistant Professor of Art at James Madison University's School of Art, Design, and Art History, where he also serves as the Director and Chief Curator of the Duke Hall Gallery of Fine Art. He has taught at the City Literary Institute (London, UK), Brooklyn College (New York, NY, US), SUNY Binghamton (Binghamton, NY, US) and the National Academy of Art (New York, NY, US), and has lectured as a visiting artist at NYU: Steinhardt, London Metropolitan University, George Mason University, North Florida Community College and Jefferson Technical and Community College among others. In 2015 Ros founded studioELL, an alternative, transient and hybrid space for higher education in the studio arts, where he is currently the Director and teaches a variety of courses.
During the past 20 years, Ros has worked on more than 65 exhibitions with over 200 artists. He founded two alternative gallery ventures, pocket, (2002-2005, Binghamton, NY, US) and galleryELL, a transient, hybrid gallery, (2008-2016, New York, NY, US), and has been involved in many artist and non-profit initiatives such as; Art Director of Perspectives International (2005-2008, New York, NY, US), Board Member of Spool MFG. (2004-2005, Johnson City, NY, US), and Museum Educator at the Hillwood Art Museum (2000, Brookville, NY, US).
Visit John Ros' website here
#johnros
To learn more about 'Citizen' exhibition click here!
For Tash Khan's Camden Close-Up click here!
camden close-up
Camden Vox
Camden Vox Blogs
Swiss Cottage Gallery
Swiss Cottage Gallery 2018
Camden Close - Up: Kat Pearson
This month we interviewed Kat Pearson, one of the most genuine and powerful Blues voices in London today. She hales from a family steeped in the tradition of Gospel hymns and Blues folklore. Currently working on a solo album which will be released Summer 2019
Camden Close - Up : Simeon Hammond Dallas
This month we interviewed Simeon Hammond Dallas, a singer-songwriter from London's Camden Town. An overactive mind and a desire to live a life like a travel montage from a rom-com provide the inspiration for her music; a folky bluesy country-soul amalgamation. An enemy of dichotomy, her music is soft and vulnerable while packing a punch at the same time.
Camden Close-Up: Olivia Ahmad
This month we spoke to Olivia Ahmad, curator at House of Illustration, the only public art gallery in the UK dedicated to illustration. Based in Granary Square in King's Cross since 2014, the gallery is about to celebrate its third birthday.
The Regent's Park 5K and 10K
The Regent's Park
NW1 4NR
Ruth Rosen: Burning Bright
Keats Community Library
10 Keats Grove
NW3 2RR
7.30pm (doors open at 7pm)
HNCC Wellness Cafe
St Michael's Church Highgate
South Grove
N6 6BJ
Tuesdays and Wednesdays between 10am and 4pm