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text:
Ян Домінік Лопацинський (, Лопатине,Мстиславське воєводство — ) — релігійний і державний діяч Великого князівства Литовського. Канонік віленський (1732) та схоластик (1753),  секретар великий литовський (1755 — 1762), єпископ Жемайтський (з 1762) .

Життєпис
Представник знатного роду Лопатинських герба Любич, син Лявона. Навчався у Місіонерській семінарії у Варшаві. Був парохом у Крожах, королівським капеланом.

Прихильник родини Сапігів, Лопацинський був капеланом їхнього союзника Михайла Юзефа Масальського і виховував сина Ігнатія.

Лопацинський близився з Чарторийськими, потім контактував з великим литовським гетьманом Михайлом Казимиром Радзивілом.

Діяв відповідно до програми придворної партії Єжи Мнішека та його союзників Радзівілів.

У 1764 брав участь у виборах Станіслава Августа Понятовського королем і великим князем.

Працював у сфері реалізації планів королівської реформи.

Прихильно ставився до Барської конфедерації, але відкрито не підтримував.

У 1771, через загрозу арешту російськими військами, виїхав до Пруссії, пізніше повернувся.

Лопацинський був хорошим адміністратором, прагнув підвищити рівень освіти священників.

Відновив кілька церков та єпископських резиденцій, заснував богословську семінарію у Варнях. Мав художню галерею.

Автор релігійних творів. Переклав книги Ланґле дю Треснуа «Збірник коротких церковних оповідань» та Верто д'Абера «Історія португальської революції» (Вільнюс, 1753).

Галерея

Примітки

Література
 Мацук А. Лапацінскія // Вялікае княства Літоўскае: Энцыклапедыя. У 3 т. / Рэдкал.: Г. П. Пашкоў (гал. рэд.) і інш.; маст. З. Э. Герасімовіч. — Мн.: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя, 2005. — Т. 2: Кадэцкі корпус — Яцкевіч. — С. 181—182. — 792 с. — ISBN 985-11-0378-0 (т. 2), ISBN 985-11-0315-2.

Посилання

Жмудські єпископи
Віленські каноніки РКЦ
Уродженці Мстиславського району
Кавалери ордена Білого Орла (Річ Посполита)
Померли 1778
Померли 11 січня
Народились 1708
Народились 9 травня
Католицькі священники
Римсько-католицькі священики
Єпископи
Секретарі великі литовські
Литовські релігійні діячі
Державні діячі
Схоласти
Капелани королівські

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If this story doesn't make you come to love Benjamin J. Grimm, then yer heart must be made of orange rock, fella! Because the greatest Fantastic Four story wasn't enough, Stan and Jack had yet another unmatched milestone waiting in the wings: the debut of the world's first African super hero, the Black Panther, and his kingdom of Wakanda! And that's just the start!
In the pages of this MARVEL MASTERWORKS, you'll also encounter the vile Klaw; see the Silver Surfer go toe-to-toe with the Thing; watch the Human Torch face his namesake, the original 1940s Torch; and wonder in shock and awe at how the Fantastic Four can hope to overcome Dr. Doom when he's wrested the Power Cosmic from the Surfer himself! We can't guarantee you won't wear out the pages of this volume reading stories this great again and again! You may want to order two just in case!
Collecting FANTASTIC FOUR #51-60 and ANNUAL #4.


The annual classic off-road show will be returning to Telford International Centre over the weekend of February 15-16, 2020. The Classic Dirt Bike Show sponsored by Hagon Shocks will once again draw in the biggest names in the off-road scene.
With off-road machines as far as the eye can see, the show has dirt bike machinery to cater for every need. You'll be able to dig out classic dirt bike machinery galore, see fascinating club and private off-road machines, bag a bargain at the autojumble and see off-road legends interviewed on stage over the weekend. It's the event of the year for classic off-road enthusiasts!
The outdoor autojumble will be opening at 9am both days.
Don't forget to take advantage of fantastic savings by buying your show tickets in advance!
The exclusive three-course, sit-down dinner will be served on the Saturday evening and is expected to be another memorable occasion where guests can wine and dine with off-road legends. Price to be confirmed.
Between each course, dirt bike stars will recount tales of their bike adventures to assembled guests. Why not join them for dinner? Further information will be available soon.
Seats are limited and sold on a first come first served basis.
Note. You do not need to have attended the Classic Dirt Bike Show to attend the dinner. Also, tickets to the dinner do not come with access to the Classic Dirt Bike Show. To attend call 01507 529 529 to book your tickets.
Dinner tickets for this show will be mailed no earlier than 12 weeks prior to the event.


It started life as a private residence in the early 1790s and retains all the glories of that era, thanks to a £10m restoration in 2013. The hotel is set in 20 acres of grounds just a short drive from the centre of Bath and the surrounding countryside. Perfect for Bath weekend breaks or a day of indulgence away from the hustle and bustle.
Bailbrook House consists of the historic Mansion House and Bailbrook Court. The Mansion House has an array of individually styled feature bedrooms, lounges, Cloisters 2 AA Rosette fine dining restaurant and conservatory bar and lounge. The contemporary, adjacent Bailbrook Court offers modern classic and executive accommodation, the Lansdown restaurant where breakfast is served.
Arriving from the M4 take the A46 into Bath. Exit towards Bath/Warminster/A36. At the roundabout, take the 1st exit onto London Road West. Turn left onto Eveleigh Avenue.
Home of the famous Lacock Abbey – Bath is a town filled with culture and beauty, brimming with tourist attractions for everyone to enjoy, a city so beautiful and special that it has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site.


Financial Aid is working to disburse your financial aid awards to your account. Attendance must be confirmed by your faculty members before funds can be disbursed to your account. Federal financial aid funds (Federal Pell Grant, Federal SEOG, and Direct Loans) are adjusted based on classes that you are attending and verification that these classes are part of your degree plan.
Please note: Est (estimate) loans require additional documents – see your "to do" list for additional information.
Students who are borrowing loans for the first time will not have loan funds disbursed until 30 days after the start of classes. When financial aid funds are disbursed to your account, this does not mean that the refund is available to you.
Refunds are not available for up to 14 days after funds are disbursed to the account. Refunds are disbursed by BankMobile. If you have questions regarding BankMobile, contact Student Accounts at 301-846-2456.
Please check your FCC email account for information about your financial aid disbursements and refunds.
If you enrolled in the Pending Financial Aid Payment Plan and you have not yet been awarded financial aid, please check your "to do" list in PeopleSoft to see if you still have outstanding documents that need to be submitted.
It is important to allow three to six weeks for processing time after all documents are submitted to Financial Aid.
Remember to frequently check your PeopleSoft Student Center and monitor your "TO DO" list and your MyFCC Email for updates to required financial aid documentation and financial aid and scholarship awards.
For questions regarding FCC Foundation Scholarships, please contact the FCC Foundation Office at 301.846.2438 or by Email.
For information regarding the payment plan, please contact Student Accounts at 301.846.2658 or by Email.
The SAP appeal deadline for the Spring 2019 term is February 8, 2019 (close of business).


An example of use of Cloud to Cable is found in our product "Music for Cable. " Music for Cable is a product available in packages of 50 to 1000 music channels ready for an IPTV or Cable Operator. Music for Cable includes a mobile application, and supporting smart TV apps, and more. The content is delivered in a server or several virtual machine instances ready for broadcasting to all your customers and delivered using our Cloud to Cable technology. The server or virtual machines are pre-provisioned with the best music.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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As some readers may have noticed, we've been having a problem with blog comment spam lately — just like most other Movable Type blogs. We've had several hundred comments, of which only seven have been non-spam. So I've been thinking about countermeasures.
Moderate rather than ban: when spam is suspected, mark the comment as "needing approval" rather than rejecting it.
Different views of the world: when a comment needs approval, show it to its posting IP address as if nothing were wrong. This requires substantially more work for the spammer to detect and circumvent countermeasures.
Temporary failures: when a spam-appearing comment is posted, hold the connection open for a few seconds, then drop it without sending an HTTP reply. Ordinary people will retry; spamware may or may not.
IP whitelisting: posts from an IP address that has never had an approved post should be held for moderation.
Bayesian filtering: simple naive Bayesian classifiers would do a great job of distinguishing spam from nonspam so far.


News about this year's Fredericksburg peach crop is not good. Gillespie County Agriculture Extension Agent Brad Roeder estimates there will only be a 5% to 10% peach crop. "The late freezes in March got most of the early varieties, and the one in April got later varieties," Roeder said Monday. He also directed me to longtime peach grower Jamey Vogel, who reports that his family's popular fruit stand on Highway 290 West will have vegetables, blackberries, and preserves (put up from last year's bumper crop of peaches) but very few peaches. "If people want the taste of real Fredericksburg peaches, they're going to have to come over here for what little we've got this year," said Vogel. My favorite Hays County grower, Cliff Caskey, says he lost some fruit to last week's hailstorm but will have some cling peaches for sale this weekend at the Barton Creek Farmers Market, and some of his later-ripening varieties are still looking good. I'll be buying some of those clings for pickled peaches. All this is not to say that your favorite grower may not have some peaches this year, just that pickings will be slim.
A soaking rain before and during the Sustainable Food Center's annual Farm to Plate fundraiser didn't dampen appetites for the array of dishes presented in the Artisan Ballroom, though why organizers insisted the chefs be ready to serve at 6:30pm and then held the crowd outside for an hourlong program in the rain didn't make much sense. The Tipsy Texan guys were showing off an advance copy of David Alan's new book, Tipsy Texan: Spirits and Cocktails From the Lone Star State (out June 11 from Andrews McMeel Publishing) and kept long lines from forming at their cocktail table by premixing drinks in large batches and serving out of a tap. It was good to see several chefs working local goat into dishes, such as the goat tartare by the new Say laV trailer (and eventual restaurant) and a goat curry from Congress. There were also some delightful desserts: tiny squares of orange marmalade chocolate ganache topped with Tito's Vodka-spiked orange gelées from Cocoa Puro, tangy little lemon panna cottas from Lenoir, exotic truffle flavors from Delysia Chocolatier, and a delectable pink grapefruit budino topped with tiny fresh pansies from Trace. John Bates of Noble Sandwiches told me his group is working on a more central second location for their business, while Robert Mayberry, executive chef of food services at the University of Texas, told me his kitchens are one of the biggest buyers at the SFC's Farm Direct program and invited me to see some of the herb and vegetable gardens students are growing in the campus area.
Restaurant critics and barbecue fanboys alike cried foul when POTUS dropped into Stubb's for lunch last week. While plenty of people had alternative suggestions, the irony for me was that just a few weeks ago, one of the best things I ate in the Grand Tasting tent at the Austin Food & Wine Festival was a moist piece of brisket with a respectable smoke ring and a layer of well-caramelized fat under a crisp bark, served by old man Stubblefield's grandson and his partners in the barbecue sauce business. Could the quality of Stubb's barbecue have appreciated recently? Time for blind taste tests, anyone?


So Twitter just exploded with the news of the Yankees and Marlins working on a trade. The Yankees will send Martin Prado and David Phelps to the Marlins for Nathan Eovaldi and Garrett Jones. Eovaldi is a righty pitcher who throws hard but has issues giving up walks and fly balls. One positive is that he is relatively young (not yet 25) and it's possible the Yankees think that Larry Rothschild can work with him.
Jones could platoon with Tex at 1B/DH.
UPDATE 1:30p: Joel Sherman is reporting that the Yankees are also getting Class A pitcher Domingo German. German was 9-3 with a 2.25 ERA. He threw 123 1/2 innings with 113 strikeouts and 25 walks last year.
UPDATE 1:36p: Jack Curry reports that the Yankees also sent an undisclosed about of cash to the Marlins. Hmmmmm.
German, the Marlins' 20th-ranked prospect according to MLB.com, was signed in 2009. He is projected to be ready by 2017, as the organization appears to be in no rush to further expedite his progress.
With a three-pitch mix, according to scouting reports, German can bring his sinker to the plate usually between 91-94 mph.
"There's room for growth for him that could lead to more velocity -- as well as an outstanding changeup," MLB.com's Jonathan Mayo wrote last week. "You don't see a 1.7 BB/9 rate or a 5 K/BB ratio from young pitchers just getting started very often."
This sportsbook lists the Yankees with a +2400 for the 2015 World Series.


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text:
New Board Leadership in Mission Alive
September 27, 2012 October 1, 2012 / Mission Alive
I am thankful for the many people that God has raised up to serve with us as partners in His mission. They grow with us as we seek to equip kingdom communities on mission with God both in the planting of new churches and the renewal of existing ones. Truly God, who leads us forward in His mission, is faithful! The leadership of Mission Alive is an ever-expanding circle of staff, board, church planters, ReVision church leaders, church leaders in equipping huddles, and those walking with us in areas of equipping/preparing, praying, serving, relating/networking, giving, and healing/transforming.
This update focuses on the developing leadership of the Mission Alive Board.
For the first seven years of Mission Alive, I have served not only as Executive Director of Mission Alive but also as the Chairman of the Board. I am happy to announce that at a recent board meeting Frank Stepp was selected to serve as the new Chairman, Scott Ferguson as the Vice-Chairman, and Mark Lowe as Secretary.
Frank is Senior Vice-President of Thompson and Associates. He has served as an elder at the Central Church of Christ in Amarillo and currently is a leader within the Riverside Church of Christ in Coppell, Texas, a major partnering church with Mission Alive. He has served on the Continent Connection Team with Continent of Great Cities (currently called "Great Cities Ministries) in Brazil in 2009 and 2011. When asked how serving with Mission Alive emanates from or fulfills his calling, Frank says, "I have a heart for ministry beyond the confines of traditional brick and mortar buildings. Mission Alive's approach to relational transformation that comes from a missional church body energizes me. Also, my background in fundraising and working with churches fits nicely with the needs of MA."
Scott Ferguson is a Vice-President of Cornerstone Real Estate Advisors. He serves as an elder of the Riverside Church of Christ. Scott says, "Working with Mission Alive helps me, in a very small way, be a part of helping the church reach our culture by supporting our men and women who display such commitment in planting churches and living out their lives as an example of God's Kingdom at work on the earth." Scott and Frank will work closely together to provide board leadership to Mission Alive.
Mark Lowe is Vice-President of Wealth Management and Trust at the First United Bank and Trust. Mark is currently a member of The Branch at Vista Ridge and served as a catalyst to plant the Shawnee Trail church in Frisco, Texas. Mark says serving with Mission Alive "is changing my life to serve with committed Christian men and women whose purpose is to follow the calling of Matthew 28:19 and to witness the results of Christians changing people's lives by demonstrating the love of Jesus."
Jerry Browder, President of Signet Health, continues to faithfully work with us as Treasurer of Mission Alive. Jerry is an elder of the Singing Oaks Church of Christ in Denton and a founding board member of Mission Alive. Jerry says, "I believe Mission Alive's missional and incarnational models of church planting reflect who Jesus is and how he connected with people while on the earth. Our world and our community needs these kinds of opportunities to provide belonging for people who are struggling with the consequences of sin in their lives and are unlikely to seek or find community in established traditional institutional churches."
I praise God for our partnership with a board who believes that the key to renewal and church planting is a return to Jesus' heart for making disciples and multiplying them into missionary leaders.
Gailyn Van Rheenen
www.missionalive.org
Board of Directors, Gailyn, leadership, Mission Alive
← We walk together amidst the siftings
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Currently, the ipv6 reachability of websites operated by the rust team is pretty bad.
These are just the sites that I can recall, but there are probably many more.
I'm not listing docs.rs here because its maintained by the community. But, that site does have ipv6.
anecdote: most of the internet troubles at rust belt rust would have gone unnoticed if ipv6 would have worked for the mentioned sites that don't have ipv6 support.
I've enabled IPv6 for the CloudFront distributions of static.rust-lang.org and www.rust-lang.org (note that rust-lang.org is a DNS-provider-redirect and may not be ipv6 yet).
Unfortunately Heroku, where crates.io is hosted, does not have IPv6 support yet. Additionally, rustup.rs along with domains like doc.rust-lang.org are hosted directly on EC2 which unfortunately doesn't have direct IPv6 access either.
Thanks for enabling ipv6 at those two places! That's a good start.


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James Bond is a category 3 drinker according to a new study in the British Medical Journal. The results are parsed here in an infographic called The Man With the Golden Liver.
Since his first appearance in Casino Royale in 1953, secret agent James Bond has been boozing hard. This hasn't stopped him from fronting the second-highest grossing film series in history. But science, a notorious party-crasher, now reveals that if Bond were a real human instead of an invincible symbol of masculinity, he'd be a severe alcoholic, dead at age 56.
Along with his colleagues at Nottingham University Hospital, liver specialist Dr. Indra Neil Guha studied 12 of Ian Fleming's Bond novels and gathered data on the spy's drinking habits. The results of this research, published in the British Medical Journal and visualized here in an infographic by Makovsky Integrated Communications, show that Bond is a category 3 drinker. He consumed an average of 92 alcohol units per week, or six to seven drinks a day. That's more than four times England's recommended amount and would leave him at high risk for depression, cirrhosis of the liver, and hypertension.
"Ideally, vodka martinis should be stirred, not shaken," the researchers report in the British Medical Journal's Christmas issue. "That Bond would make such an elementary mistake in his preferences seemed incongruous with his otherwise impeccable mastery of culinary etiquette." They suspect another reason forced him to shake his cocktails: "James Bond was unlikely to be able to stir his drinks, even if he would have wanted to, because of likely alcohol-induced tremor," the researchers write.
The shitfaced spy would have also had a hard time steadying his Beretta. Word-slurring would replace sharp-shooting. His memory for poker numbers would have been pickled. And all this boozing would likely have caused sexual dysfunction, "which would considerably affect his womanizing," the study notes.


World Bank Publications, 2004. Paperback. Very Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read, but remains in excellent condition. Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting, but may contain a neat previous owner name. The spine remains undamaged. An ex-library book and may have standard library stamps and/or stickers. At ThriftBooks, our motto is: Read More, Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed.
World Bank Publications, 2004-04-13. Paperback. Good.
Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2004 Book. 5. Trade paperback. First edition. First printing.. Fine. Clean and unmarked, as new. Binding tight. Not ex-library. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 149 p. Contains: Illustrations. Directions in Development. Audience: General/trade. All proceeds benefit the Burlingame Public Library..
The World Bank, 2004. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. In good all round condition.
Paperback. New. A review of the World Bank's activities to improve urban environmental quality, this text sets out the it's expanded brown agenda and emphasizes the importance of infrastructure and environmental interventions to improve livability in cities in developing countries. It provides recommendations on how to deal with the challenge of this agenda.
World Bank Publications, 2004-04-13. Paperback. Used:Good.
2004-04-13. Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. May be ex-library. Shipping & Handling by region. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!


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Ph.D. On Campus
The History programme from University of York is aimed at students who have already completed a Masters degree in History or a related field.
University of York Multiple locations
York , England , United Kingdom
151st (QS) World ranking
Featured byUniversity of York
The History programme from University of York requires a dissertation of up to 90,000 words, to be submitted by full-time students after a period of three years' study (or six years for part-time students), with a further one year allowable for writing up.
We combine groundbreaking research with degree programmes that offer incredible chronological breadth and geographical scope. Our department was ranked 2nd for the quality, significance and impact of our research in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014, the most authoritative assessment of research quality in the UK. This confirms York's reputation as one of the best history departments in the UK and the world. The History programme is offered by University of York.
When you join the department's graduate community, you will find:
Weekly research seminars attracting scholars of international standing as well as research students approaching completion.
Interdisciplinary research centres which also hold research seminars and day conferences, often leading to publications.
Student-focused seminars and discussion groups.
One-to-one meetings with world-class members of faculty.
Encouragement and financial support for students giving papers at conferences away from York.
Alongside regular meetings with their supervisor, all research students have a Thesis Advisory Panel (TAP), consisting of at least one member of staff in addition to the supervisor, which meets twice a year and oversees more general professional development and career training.
Additionally, all students receive introductions to the University Library, the Borthwick Institute, and other libraries, archives and research facilities in York and elsewhere.
Apply anytime.
In most cases, applications can be submitted year-round. However, we recommend that you apply as early as possible as some areas are particularly competitive.
History Ancient History Modern History View 89 other PhDs in History in United Kingdom
We are not aware of any academic requirements for this programme.
We invite applications from candidates wishing to work in all the areas of interest covered by the department's research expertise. The particular interests of individual staff are outlined on our staff page, and this often includes recently supervised research topics.
Prospective students are encouraged to contact potential advisors early on. They will be pleased to give you advice on the feasibility of your research ideas and offer feedback on a draft proposal before the submission of an application.
UK Part-time: £2,325
International/EU Part-time: £9,450
Living costs for York
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Although it may never achieve the dominance and global popularity of Facebook, Google+ (Plus) remains an important and influential social network simply based on the fact that it's from Google. When the company announced a suite of upgrades and design changes for Google Plus in April 2012, it boasted 170 million accounts, although many of those are surely users who have never used the service or visited it only once.
Google Plus allows you to choose which fields and information about you are searchable and that may appear in search results. You can choose what is available to specific individuals, circles and everyone.
You can also control who you want to receive notifications from whenever someone shares a post with you, mentions you, invites you to a game or hangout or shares a photo with you. You can keep this activity within your circle, or choose to allow Extended Circles or Anyone to be able to include you send you these notifications.
Circles are at the heart of the Google Plus, and are the groups you've set up to share different content with. Even though you've given each of these Circles a name, these names are never visible to others, although the Circle itself and its members can be set to appear on your profile.
Circles are groups of people you share content with. The names of your circles and who you add to them are visible only to you, though you can set whether the list of people in all of your circles is visible in your public profile.
One setting you'll want to make sure to be aware of is which of your circles is included in the "Your Circles" settings. The default is for everyone, but you can include only specific ones to be included in the blanket "Your Circles" sharing setting.
Within each post, you can choose who to make the information available to, whether it be everyone, your connections or certain Circles. But keep in mind that anyone that post is shared with can not only see all the comments in the post, but can also share it with others.
Make sure to tweak the settings for photos so you can control who can tag you and what information is provided. Set your settings here to determine who, if anyone, is allowed to tag you and whether or not you want to attach a location to your photos as they're uploaded.
You can also tweak notifications to control whether or not you are notified when someone comments on a photo after you did or in a photo you were tagged in.
One other privacy setting for photos on Google Plus involves the use of Google's facial recognition technology. You have the choice as to whether to allow Google to try and recognize your face and prompt people you know to tag you.
Each time you start or join a hangout, you check your appearance on screen and adjust your microphone and speaker volume, before you're visible to others. Make sure you're using common sense here, and if you're joining a hangout that's not just with friends and families, hide any identifiable or personal items from your background.


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Inclusion In Action
Do you have filmmaking experience, working professionally in the industry and have a passion to give back to the community? Then we'd love to hear from you!
Our award winning films are generously made with the support of incredible industry professionals who are looking to create something that will change hearts and minds. Our film sets are designed to support our students and have them learn from industry mentors. With each program set to make a short film we're always on the lookout for people. If this sounds like you, reach out!
Bus Stop Films runs on a lot of love and good vibes we're always looking for people who want to see our students flourish whilst learning all things about filmmaking. If you've got a few Saturdays or Sundays to spare and feel like doing good then reach out as we'd love to hear from you.
Are you applying to be a tutor, support worker, volunteer or crew?*
TutorVolunteerCrewSupport Worker
Do you have the following?
Minimum three years experience as a 1:1 support worker.
Working with children and vulnerable people
We pride ourselves on having tutors who are practicing film makers, making films and working professionally in the film industry.
Completed a few short films in a director, producer, cinematographer, production designer or composer role.
Studied and completed at least an Undergrad course in filmmaking/media.
Experience in teaching or tutoring in any form. If not, that's ok BSF can train you to teach.
Please upload your CV and Cover Letter
hello@busstopfilms.com.au
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Social distancing to dinosaurs: How science has shaped the modern lexicon
By Rachel Boswell, Communications Manager (Education) at the British Science Association
What would you consider to be the top words and phrases of our current times – the ones we can't stop saying, hearing, thinking and writing? 'Covid' and 'roadmap' are surely front of mind, along with "Pfizer or AstraZeneca?", or "I've forgotten my mask".
In fact, words related to COVID-19 – and the science surrounding it – have not only entered but veritably dominated general discourse since March 2020. As recorded in the 2020 Words of an Unprecedented Year report, lexicographers at the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) found that the frequency of the word 'pandemic' alone soared by over 57,000% since the World Health Organisation made its startling announcement on 11 March 2020. Such an intense, weighty and uncomfortable word quickly became a common, almost desensitised term in our daily exchanges. And that is just one example.
Words of 2020
Previous iterations of the OED's report, known usually as the Word of the Year report, do as their titles suggest and investigate the single term that ruled the past twelve months. The year 2020, however, saw so much language change in response to the huge shifts in society that lexicographers could not raise one word above others. Alongside 'COVID-19', which itself is now a fixed entry in the English dictionary, new or resurrected words such as 'bushfire', 'impeachment', 'social distancing' and 'Black Lives Matter' were among those that the OED highlighted in its 2020 report. It is extraordinary how such a seismic year can be recounted in a few short terms.
But scientific words still stand out. The report found that general members of society became far more familiar with otherwise unusual medical phrases over the course of the pandemic, understanding what it meant to 'flatten the curve' and drive down the 'R number'. We even became known as 'armchair epidemiologists' as the scientists continued their pivotal work elsewhere. But if we are newly-coined armchair epidemiologists, how did scientists come to be known in such a way? The British Science Association (BSA) can provide the answer – and hold responsibility for it too.
Words of the BSA
Whether you create new dishes in the kitchen or are working towards a cure for cancer, irrespective of your identity, abilities, beliefs and background, you can call yourself a scientist – and that is huge. Such a comprehensive term is now firmly set in the English language, but before the 1833 meeting of the BSA – an annual event which later developed into the British Science Festival – this wasn't the case. It was here that professor and polymath William Whewell proposed 'scientist' as a single, wholesome term to describe someone who worked in any branch of science. While at the time it was largely considered a frivolous quip, six decades later biologist Thomas Huxley returned to the term 'scientist', supporting Whewell's original suggestion. Fast-forward to now and we cannot imagine a lexicon without the word.
The BSA can effectively claim creative ownership of other terms, too – 'dinosaur' being a notable example. Indeed, 'dinosaur' was another product of an 1841 report and annual meeting of the BSA, where naturalist and paleontologist Sir Richard Owen, following his studies on various fossils, proposed 'Dinosauria' to define "creatures far surpassing in size the largest of existing reptiles". A compound of the Greek deinos ('horrible') and sauros ('lizard'), the well-known 'terrible lizard' charged into our vocabulary. Who knows what linguistics gems the next British Science Festival may germinate?
Just as people change, so do words. Some languages wilt while others bloom. Some terms endure while others are no more. ('Floppy disk', anyone?) Although building blocks like 'the', 'in' and 'on' will always be the quiet heroes that glue language together, let us also not ignore the origins and impact of many other important words that we so often encounter – particularly those that trace their roots in science.
Updated: 24th May, 2021


You may buy up to 8 of these from any of the above merchants per cycle.
Each event completed as part of the Orrian Shrine Power Grid meta event will increase the purchase limit of coffers by one, up to a maximum of eight coffers, as long as you are present on the map.
Occasionally, the purchase limit may not increase after completion of an event.
It is possible for players to not participate in any events and still be able to purchase coffers every meta event cycle.
This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 23:16.


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Symphysanodon — рід морських окунеподібних риб, що належить до монотипової родини Symphysanodontidae підряду Окуневидні (Percoidei). Рід поширений в Індо-Пацифіці, три види зустрічаються на заході Атлантики.

Опис
Найбільші види можуть досягати 20 см в довжину. Їхні тіла стрункі і стислі з боків, з тупою мордою. Вони можуть бути червоного, рожевого, апельсинового або жовтого забарвлення. Хвостовий плавець зазвичай чітко роздвоєний. Спинний плавець мають 9 колючих променів і 10 м'яких променів, у той час як анальний плавець має три шипи і сім чи вісім м'яких променів.

Види
Рід містить 12 видів
 Symphysanodon andersoni Kotthaus, 1974
 Symphysanodon berryi Anderson, 1970
 Symphysanodon disii Khalaf & Krupp, 2008
 Symphysanodon katayamai Anderson, 1970
 Symphysanodon maunaloae Anderson, 1970
 Symphysanodon mona Anderson & Springer, 2005
 Symphysanodon octoactinus Anderson, 1970
 Symphysanodon parini Anderson & Springer, 2005
 Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei Quero, Sptiz & Vayne, 2009
 Symphysanodon rhax Anderson & Springer, 2005
 Symphysanodon typus Bleeker, 1878
 Symphysanodon xanthopterygion Anderson & Bineesh, 2011

Примітки

Окуневидні
Роди риб


Should The State Intervene In Religious Practices?
Fasting has been an integral part of organized religion in India. Sometimes fasting is undertaken for the betterment of worldly life and at times for renunciation of material comfort. But the 'Lakshman Rekha' was breached when Aradhana Samdhariya - a 13-year-old girl - suffered a fatal heart attack after completing a fast that lasted 68 days. Her death shocked the country, as her funeral procession was turned into a 'shobha yatra' in an attempt by her community to extol her virtues. It was only after the Child Rights Organizations filed a complaint that a case of culpable homicide not amounting to murder was registered against the Jain teen's parents.


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Home Sectors TRANSPORTATION Bosnia's TMD Group begins construction of EV parts plant
Bosnia's TMD Group begins construction of EV parts plant
One of the largest companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, automotive components manufacturer TMD Group, has laid the foundation stone for a new plant in the northeastern town of Gradačac. The facility will produce spare parts of electric vehicles.
TMD Group Gradačac
Photo: TMD Group
"We expect that the factory will start operating in full capаcity in June 2021," said the head of TMD Group, Adem Hanic in a statement issued by the Gradačac city council.
Hanic added that the new plant will employ around 100 people.
Investment in the plant has been estimated by local media at being around €1.6-million.
TMD Group opened a €5-million plant in Gradačac in 2018, where it employed an initial workforce of 71. It said at the time that it planned to increase its exports to €200-million by 2021.
TMD Group currently employs some 700 workers and exports its entire output to Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Italy, France, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Its clients include Schaeffler Group, Benteler, SKF, ICSA, SNR NTN, DUCATI Energia, Zedce, and MS Hydraulic, among others.
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Included with composing good content on your own weblog – English and topic smart – you might also need to-be a great 'visitor'. You need to on a regular basis review other blog sites and play a role in all of them in terms of commentary. This not merely allows you to build network along with other bloggers but it addittionally provides an idea of the 'thought procedure' behind the reader/visitor of the blog site.
You have to captivate and keep the interest of reader. Make sure that your content is fresh and vibrant – don't just cost out chunks of details – and also make sure that the knowledge is correct and of good use. Add a human touch – an informal remark, a silly phrase. Share your enthusiasm the subject being discussed.
It's important that a blogger be consistent – cover a distinct segment – as opposed to haphazardly write posts. This might be false where the blog is more of a 'journal' (which will be almost exactly what a blog was initially meant as). But if you're a 'content' blogger, give attention to a distinct segment and employ a consistent style.
As opposed to writing lengthy articles that don't have a lot helpful information inside, write quick posts of a top quality. Ensure that your articles tend to be precise and as short as possible so your user can read the post and acquire whatever information they want quickly. Furthermore, versus publish a huge amount of articles, publish a smaller range posts with a high quality.
Bear in mind, in running a blog, blog sites are judged by their covers. Your front page need a well created design and, preferably, consist of your latest article. Additionally, provide your best content on front page. Include tag clouds and can include a search box towards the top. Have actually a well created logo/banner. Add most pages. Initial impression is very important – a disappointed visitor on blog will possibly maybe not come-back again and will even discourage other individuals. A happy visitor conversely will share the website and regularly see it.
Blogging is more about revealing your experience than simply preseting fatcs. It's journalism on the net. Feel free to behave like a person and contact your readers. Share that which you have done specially when it comes to reviewing one thing. Inform them everything you did for enjoyable on any time.
They are the couple of guidelines that might help you to definitely create your blog site successful, it should be great if you share your ideas through comments.
For those who don't learn what a SEO is, it goes in this method. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the expansion of the term. However the words appear to be a super simple 1, the hidden meaning has many stuff within it. Who knows? One may even become a millionaire if he/she may capable of getting the tips and strategies for Search Engine Optimization (SEO). It is the need your day and is living because much because the targets of the best notch firms.
Blogging alone is absolutely a powerful development that has been learned for funds minting. Nowadays we may obtain that blogging is generally completed as a pastime. It is commonly many required job and all types of it takes is all of the newest designs in your mind as well as the chance to satisfy up with all them. The Search Engine Optimization (SEO) blogging is performed by applying software generally that are being completed at present. But what in the entire the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) blogging software could contain is the key thing. Here let us see some tips and strategies to get your page/blog in the best set of the search engines.
Another significant thing which desires to receive performed is to review and understand the rival and discover out what he/she is wanting to convey. What the rival informs and what you truly are wanting to project is a lot more essential while doing Search Engine Optimization (SEO) in blogs. Mainly then you'll cause acquiring to the correct path and get big traffic for your website.
The mere choosing in the key words for that website you have offered can bring in a big amount of visitors to the website. Selecting the keyword should be special among your competitors but well-known to the public notice. The tags can receive connected with all the Ping services as well as is indirectly connected to the indexes and therefore you're going to receive excellent concern. This actually is regarded as the prevalent but necessary techniques of receive this quick and effective effects for Search Engine Optimization (SEO) blogs.
Blog there are 3 tools you need to receive located in your page. This tool offers the worth of traffic to the website and check whether your work is continuing in the appropriate path. It is very easy to install this. The 2nd is the RSS (Really Easy Syndication) which delivers hyperlinks with different websites where individuals could read your reports. Folks like clicking found on the hyperlinks and advancing ahead of time. Social Bookmarking additionally is an significant tool as well as its improved you get installed in your website.


The Moto G5 and Moto G5 Plus will ship with Google Assistant and an all-metal design.
Motorola's Moto G line of phones have a reputation for being some of the best low-end phones money can buy. In many ways, Motorola has set the expectation for inexpensive phones with each release.
On Feb. 26, Motorola unveiled a pair of fifth-generation Moto G smartphones: Moto G5 and Moto G5 Plus.
Ditching the old plastic housing, both Moto G5 models feature a new look, complete with a metal housing.
The Moto G5 will launch in various global markets, with specifications and pricing based on location.
The Moto G5 Plus is the only model set for release in the US, with pricing starting at $229 for the unlocked, contract-free phone. Both models will launch in March.
Below is a rundown of the specs for each model.
Motorola G5 in "Fine Gold."
One feature notably missing from either device is the inclusion of NFC for use with Android Pay.
An increase in specs from last year's Moto G4 are expected, but the new premium design really adds to the appeal of the Moto G5. Previous Moto G-series phones looked and felt the part of an inexpensive phone.
Motorola conducted a survey in nine different countries to figure out just what it is people expect from a smartphone. The results aren't terribly surprising, yet they offer insight into Motorola's approach to the G5 lineup.
For example, 48 percent of the people who took the survey indicated they prefer metal housing over plastic. As for battery life, 76 percent of people are willing to pay more for a phone with exceptional battery life, while two-thirds of responses indicate a willingness to pay more for a phone with a better camera.
Motorola has published a fancy infographic of the survey results in its entirety, which you can view on the Moto blog.
VIDEO: Who is the most profitable smartphone maker?


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Insight Named as 'Visionary' in 2022 Gartner Magic Quadrant for Software Asset Management Managed Services
Sydney, Australia, Thursday 15 September 2022 —a Fortune 500 solutions integrator helping clients accelerate their digital journey, has been recognised as a Visionary in the 2022 Magic Quadrant™ for Software Asset Management (SAM) Managed Services, progressing in its assessment from last year.
According to Gartner: "Visionaries recognise and articulate important SAM managed services market trends and directions; aligned to Gartner's view of how the market is evolving, they recognise market requirements and are focused and prepared for them. However, they may not be in a position to fully deliver and consistently execute on that vision and could improve service delivery capabilities. The providers in the Visionaries quadrant have not invested in or delivered on that vision enough in the global market to large, complex enterprises to be categorised as Leaders at this time."
Over the last year, Insight has deepened its investments in SAM capabilities, with a particular focus on the company's FinOps offering helping clients assess and minimise the cost structure of their cloud investments. Insight's maturity in SAM managed services extends across EMEA, North America and APAC.
"We're proud that Insight's robust SAM offering and our depth of expertise counselling clients in this area have been recognised by Gartner this year," said Stan Lequin, president, Insight Solutions. "Our breadth of capabilities in software lifecycle management allows our clients to have a 360-degree view of everything that impacts their businesses. It's all about going above and beyond through dedicated inventory management resources that ensure compliance, fulfill audit requirements, avoid runaway costs and mitigate risk."
Insight's global services span the software lifecycle, from procurement to management, evolution and retirement. Nearly 150 teammates facilitate data and process management to provide clarity of reporting to help clients make more informed decisions. Insight's all-shore model uses global centers of excellence to provide technical support, contract and licensing optimisation services across on-premises software, software as a service (SaaS) and cloud services.
"At the end of the day, Insight's ability to support organisations from end to end — regardless of where they are in their transformation journeys — sets us apart," said Lequin. "As a true solutions integrator, we enable expertise across a range of environments spanning traditional on-prem, SaaS and further cloud- and edge-based applications. Few standalone partners can help clients maximise the value of their IT ecosystem like we do."
Gartner Magic Quadrant reports are a culmination of rigorous, fact-based research in specific markets, providing a wide-angle view of the relative positions of the providers in markets where growth is high and provider differentiation is distinct. Providers are positioned into four quadrants: Leaders, Challengers, Visionaries and Niche Players. The research enables organisations to get the most from market analysis in alignment with their unique business and technology needs.
To read a complimentary copy of the Gartner research report, please click here. For more information on Insight, visit insight.com or call 1800-889-888
Gartner, Magic Quadrant for Software Asset Management Managed Services, By Stephen White, Yoann Bianic, Rob Schafer, 19 July 2022
Gartner and Magic Quadrant are registered trademarks of Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and internationally and are used herein with permission. All rights reserved.
Gartner does not endorse any vendor, product or service depicted in its research publications and does not advise technology users to select only those vendors with the highest ratings or other designation. Gartner research publications consist of the opinions of Gartner's Research & Advisory organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. Gartner disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, with respect to this research, including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Insight Enterprises, Inc. is a Fortune 500 solutions integrator with 12,000 teammates worldwide helping organisations accelerate their digital journey to modernize their business and maximise the value of technology. We enable secure, end-to-end transformation and meet the needs of our clients through a comprehensive portfolio of solutions, far-reaching partnerships and 33+ years of broad IT expertise. Rated as a Forbes World's Best Employer and a Great Place to Work, we amplify our solutions and services with global scale, local expertise and a world-class e-commerce experience, realising the digital ambitions of our clients at every opportunity. Discover more at au.insight.com. NSIT-M
Athena Thompson
Director of Marketing and Strategic Partnerships, APAC
athena.thompson@insight.com
Scott Walters
Insight Enterprises
scott.walters@insight.com
Ariel Kouvaras
Sloane & Company
akouvaras@sloanepr.com
Fortune 500 company founded in 1988 in Tempe, Arizona.
Solutions integrator helping organisations accelerate their digital journey.
Insight has operations in 19 countries with 11,500+ teammates worldwide.
We have partnerships with 6,000+ software and hardware manufacturers and publishers.
We're Microsoft's largest global partner.
We offer support in 14 languages.
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Home » Actors/Actresses » Drama » BAFTA honors 'Downton Abbey' as it closes its' doors after six seasons. #LastDaysofDownton
BAFTA honors 'Downton Abbey' as it closes its' doors after six seasons. #LastDaysofDownton
On: August 13, 2015, By: Bill Young
It was the red carpets of all red carpets Tuesday night in London with Downton Abbey stars past and present turning out as BAFTA honored the period drama as it enters its sixth and final season on ITV (and PBS). Maggie Smith, Hugh Bonneville, Elizabeth McGovern, Michelle Dockery, Jim Carter, Brendan Coyle, Allen Leech, Penelope Wilton, Laura Carmichael, Lesley Nichol, Sophia McShera, Jim Carter and Joanne Froggatt, as well as previous cast members including Dan Stevens, Nigel Harmon and Dame Kiri Te Kanawa were on-hand as Indian Summers' Julie Walters presented the entire cast that had gathered with a Special Award that, in the past, had been received only by the cast of Harry Potter.
Also in attendance were Fifi Hart (Sybbie), the twin actresses that play Lady Edith's daughter, Marigold, and twins, Zac and Oliver Barker, who play Lady Mary and Matthew's son, George. Even MyAnna Buring who played Edna Braithwaite was allowed in! Not sure how close she was allowed to get to Tom Branson, however. From what I could tell, no Nanny West sightings anywhere, unfortunately. 🙂
While it must have been quite the sight to see much of the cast and crew on the red carpet and on stage, there was one special 'Kodak moment' on the red carpet that will send charter members of the Downton Abbey-Nation into an internet brain-freeze wondering just what season 4 could have been if only…well, let's just not talk about it.
As cast and crew prepare to film their final scenes on Friday, the final days have turned out to be a bit more emotional than expected for some of the cast that had spent a better part of 6+ years of their acting lives with each other at Highclere Castle. Elizabeth McGovern, who plays Lady Cora, quietly confided, "I decided I wouldn't cry, but I did. I shed a few tears." Others like Hugh Bonneville, her on-screen husband, took a much-less emotional approach that actually sounds much more fun. "I finished yesterday along with Michelle Dockery (Lady Mary) and Allen Leech (Tom Branson)," said Bonneville. "We had a pint in the pub to say farewell."
Downton Abbey returns to ITV in September for its sixth and final season with a confirmed January 3, 2016 date for the premiere on PBS as part of the Masterpiece series.
In: Actors/Actresses,Drama
This is it! Your final 11th hour 'Downton Abbey' brief catch-up before tonight's premiere!
Catching up on 'Downton Abbey' 5 as Carson fears the future in episode 2
To: Julian Fellowes; From: Judi Dench; Re: Downton Abbey 3
'Downton Abbey' to end after series 6? Say it isn't so, Julian.
As 'Downton Abbey' comes to a close, it's time to place your bets….
A few 'Downton Abbey' 6 bits and bobs just for you…
It was wonderful to see Matthew & Mary together again. He should be the next James Bond & Mary his leading lady. They have so much chemistry.
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Updates, reports and commentary on British television and culture, from the mind palace of KERA TV's Bill Young. More »
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text:
Q: subtracting Float.MIN_VALUE from another float number has no effect in android application I am working on an android application where for a part of the app, I have 2 floating point values and I cannot have them be exactly the same because this is causing a bug in one of my screens. Those numbers are being sent from a server and are out of my control (e.g. I cannot force them to be different).
The app is written in Kotlin, but I assume that this issue is similar (if not exactly the same) for Java, as Kotlin uses the JVM behind the scenes.
I thought of a "creative" way of solving this without changing my logic too much, by subtracting Float.MIN_VALUE from one of them, making them almost, but not exactly the same. What I actually need to happen is for if(a == b) to fail (where b is actually a - Float.MIN_VALUE).
But to my surprise, when the code runs, if(a == b) returns true. When I opened the "evaluate" window in Android Studio here is what I found out:

Let me reiterate that currentPayment is a Float, so there shouldn't be any auto-conversions or rounding going on (like when dividing Float by an Int for example).
Let me also point out that I can guarantee that currentPayment is not
Float.MAX_VALUE or -Float.MAX_VALUE (so the result of the operation is within the bounds of Float).
According to docs and this answer Float.MIN_VALUE is the smallest positive non-zero value of Float and has a value of 1.4E-45, which is confirmed here:

I also saw in another post (which I cannot find again for some reason), that this can also be thought of as the maximum precision of Float, which makes sense.
Since currentPayment is a Float, I would expect it should be able to hold any floating point value within the bounds of Float to it's maximum precision (i.e. Float.MIN_VALUE).
Therefore I would expect currentPayment to NOT equal currentPayment - Float.MIN_VALUE, but alas that is not the case.
Can anyone explain this please?

A:
Since currentPayment is a Float, I would expect it should be able to hold any floating point value within the bounds of Float to it's maximum precision (i.e. Float.MIN_VALUE).

This is a wrong assumption. Float is called "float" because it has floating precision. The amount of precision depends on how big the number is that you're storing. The smallest possible float value is smaller than the precision of almost any other possible number, so it is too small to affect them if you add or subtract it. At the high end, Float numbers have precisions that are much greater than the integer 1. If you subtract 999,000,000 from Float.MAX_VALUE, it will still return Float.MAX_VALUE because the precision is so poor at the highest end.
Also, since floating point numbers are not stored in base-10, they are inappropriate for storing currency amounts, because you can never exactly represent a decimal fraction. (I mention that because your variable name has the word "payment" in it, which is a red flag.)
You should either use BigDecimal, Long, or Int to represent currency, so your currency amounts and arithmetic will be exact.

Edit:
Here's an analogy to help understand it, since it is hard to contemplate binary numbers. Floats are 32-bits in Java and Kotlin, but imagine we have a special kind of computer that can store a floating point number in base-10. Each bit on this computer is not just 0 or 1, but can be anything from 0 to 9. A Float on this computer can have 4 digits and a decimal place, but the decimal place is floating, so it can be placed anywhere relative to the four digits. So a Float on this computer is always five bits--four of the bits are the digits, and the fifth bit tells you where the decimal place goes.
In this imaginary computer's Float, the smallest possible number that can be represented is .0001 and the largest possible number is 9999.. You can't represent 9999.5 or even 1000.5 because there aren't enough digits available. There's no fixed amount of precision--the precision is determined by where the decimal place is in the current number. Precision is better for numbers with a decimal place farther to the left.
For the number storage format to be able to have a fixed precision, we would have to fix the decimal point in one place for all numbers. We would have to choose a precision. Suppose we chose a precision of 0.001. Our fifth bit that told us where the decimal place goes in the floating point can now just be used for a fifth digit. Now we know the precision is always 0.001, but the largest possible number we can represent is 99.999 and the smallest possible number is 0.001, a much smaller possible range than with floating point. This limitation is the reason floating points are used instead.

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text:
Beginners Astronomy: Asteroid Resources
By theorkneynews on October 17, 2021 • ( 1 Comment )
By Duncan Lunan
The asteroid Eros was the 433rd to be discovered, by Witt, at Berlin in 1898 (H4701). It immediately became important because it can approach to within 23 million km. of the Earth, and could be used to gain a more accurate value of the Astronomical Unit, the Earth's mean distance from the Sun, which gives the scale of the whole Solar System. In 1900 Von Oppolzer noticed big changes in magnitude as the asteroid rotated, indicating an elongated shape. That featured in a US comic, which I read as a child; many personnel from the USAF base at Prestwick were billeted in Troon, where I grew up, and their children had a never-ending supply of comics compared with ours. The story-line concerned a landing on Eros with an experimental payload which caused the whole asteroid to inflate enormously in size, so that its imagined tiny life-forms became hugely dangerous.
This picture of Eros is the first image of an asteroid taken from an orbiting spacecraft. It's a mosaic of four images taken by NASA's NEAR immediately after the spacecraft started orbiting Eros. Credit: NASA/JPL
Although the comic exaggerated the shape, making Eros a long thin spike, it was known to be about 37 km. long and 16 km. wide (H4702). With a rotation in only 5 hours 16 minutes, that would give it a gravity of about one-hundredth of Earth's at the poles, but only one thousandth at the equator because of centrifugal force. In their book Islands in Space, the challenge of the planetoids (1966), Cole and Cox argued that the USA should abandon its target of a Moon landing before 1970 and go for a mission to an Earth-grazing asteroid instead. Some of them could be reached with less fuel expenditure than the Moon itself, but their mission plan would take weeks longer than a Moon landing, and put a severe demand on life-support. They proposed landing their whole stretched Apollo tail-first on the target, and I discussed the difficulty of that using Eros as an example, in Man and the Planets (1983).
Eros turned out to be a dumb-bell, but when the NEAR-Shoemaker probe went into orbit around it in 2000, the mystery deepened. Eros has a huge saddle-shaped bite out of it, but it's still a single object. Another mystery is that its surface is dotted with small boulders, although its surface gravity is too low to pull impact debris back. One possible explanation is that they've been left exposed as softer material was worn away by thermal and micrometeorite erosion. At the end of its mission NEAR-Shoemaker touched down on Eros: it wasn't designed to do it and lost contact with Earth, but the landing proved much easier than expected.
Eros crosses the orbit of Mars and that led to suggestions that astronauts could hitch a ride out to Mars on it. The last of the stories in Men Into Space by Murray Leinster (Berkley, 1960), based on the US TV series starring William Lundigan, turned on that. But Eros ranges out much of the way to the inner edge of the main Asteroid Belt, so it would actually take more fuel to rendezvous with it than to reach Mars direct. It might be a different story if it were a carbonaceous asteroid, on which rocket fuel could be manufactured, but Eros has a stony-iron composition, not much use except for radiation shielding. There may well be 'precious minerals', but mining them and shipping to Earth would be a very costly undertaking unless it was part of a bigger programme to industrialise the inner Solar System.
captured asteroid mining (NASA)
The mineral resources of the asteroids will be of great importance in the future. The total mass of the asteroids amounts to 10% of the Earth's mass at most, but all of it is accessible, in microgravity and vacuum, allowing large-scale extraction. When we do come to industrial extraction from the asteroids, the conventional SF image is of loners, outliers of a 'Belter' civilisation centred on Ceres, who go to great lengths to shun the gravitational fields of planets. But in a classic article 'Those Pesky Belters and their Torchships' (A Step Father Out, W.H. Allen, 1980), Jerry Pournelle showed that orbital dynamics require the Belters' capital to be Earth, and if they have enough power and reaction mass available to fly between asteroids, then transfers to and from the planets are easy by comparison.
space economy modern day goldrush
The mineral wealth of the asteroids could meet the entire needs of an industrial civilisation far more advanced than our present one. But there is a catch about mining them for precious metals such as gold, silver or platinum. In his contribution to the ASTRA Man and the Planets discussions, the late A.T. Lawton remarked that the iridium and platinum content of a typical asteroid could be worth as much as $50 billion. "What would that do to the economy if you brought it to Earth?" he asked. The late Chris Boyce replied, "The value would plummet," and Robert Shaw added, "…especially at the point of impact!" We hear a lot about the amount of gold, platinum etc in the asteroids, but many of those metals can be found on the Moon and the first need from the asteroids will be for compounds of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen which the Moon lacks but are essential for life-support. The first targets will be NEOs, 'Near Earth Objects', and making use of them will also develop the full technology which we need to protect Earth from collisions like the one which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
asteroid towing L5 News April 1977
On April 25th 2012 I had two calls from BBC Scotland, asking me to appear on radio discussing the new proposal to mine the asteroids. Planetary Resources, a new consortium of entrepreneurs including the film producer and adventurer James Cameron (lately returned from the Marianas Trench), intends to launch exploratory probes to Earth-grazing asteroids, with a view to moving at least one into orbit around the Moon and extracting its resources.
Industrial Action, Tom Campbell. for Duncan Lunan, 1985
Asked for prompts by the BBC researcher, I mentioned three points (two of which we got to cover in the programme). The first concerned an assessment of the possibilities which I read online the previous night. The essence was that even if the asteroid was 10% platinum, like something out of Jules Verne, it wouldn't be economic to reach it, extract it and return it to Earth. The most useful product at this stage of development would be water, which is difficult and expensive to launch from Earth – you can't compress it and it's heavy as well as bulky. But up there, it can provide rocket fuel and radiation shielding as well as life-support, and has many other useful applications. Fuelling and provisioning a space programme from the top, instead of from ground level on Earth, would make an enormous difference to the economics of exploration and development.
David Hardy Asteroid base
The second major point, which I have yet to see mentioned, is whether the consortium intends to honour the existing United Nations treaties concerning extraterrestrial resources. Under the 1967 Treaty on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, all such resources are stated to be 'the common heritage of mankind', and if they are exploited it should be for the benefit of all nations. Most UN members signed it, including Britain and the USA. Neither signed the much stronger 1980 Moon Treaty, drafted under heavy Soviet influence, but France and Canada signed it and so did most of the developing world. For years now, right-wing groups in the USA have been calling for the nation to withdraw unilaterally from the 1967 Treaty, supposedly because it's a brake on private enterprise.
Their claim is that nobody can make money out of land unless they own it. Historically this is nonsense: technically, nobody in Scotland owned any land until the Scottish Government abolished the historical relic of 'feu duty'. Some years ago I organised a meeting between Scottish opponents of the Treaty and Professor Angus McAllister of Paisley University, an expert on the law of leases, who politely but firmly put them straight: extracting minerals and using other resources under license is very common practise and mining leases, especially international mining leases, are a specialist area of law in themselves. In The Moon: Resources, Future Development and Colonization (Wiley, 1999), my friend Bonnie Cooper and her co-authors make out a detailed case for a lunar administration analogous to port authorities on Earth. If Planetary Resources intend to honour the Treaty, they will attract hostile criticism from the right wing in the USA; if they don't, they can expect massive hostility from much of the rest of the world – and under the Treaty, the US government will be held responsible for the consortium's actions.
asteroid retrieval to Low Earth Orbit
The third point is that if the technology to extract materials from Near-Earth Asteroids is developed, we then have the means to protect the Earth from incoming comets and asteroids. In my book New Worlds for Old (David & Charles, 1979), before the possible means of deflecting hazards had been thought of, our discussion group thought that industrialising the asteroids was perhaps the only answer. Just send a task force to the threatening asteroid, use up its valuable resources and release the rest as dust! Even if new methods of deflection proved effective, they're only short-term answers: it can be shown mathematically that any object whose orbit crosses the Earth's must hit the Earth, Moon, Mars or Venus within a maximum of ten million years.
Chemical Industry in Space, Analog, September 1963
To deflect an asteroid, the standard Hollywood answer of tossing an H-bomb at it isn't going to work: some studies indicate that it might work with a decade of warning and careful planning, but I'm not convinced. My colleague Gordon Ross, of ASTRA and then of the Industrial Design Unit at Glasgow School of Art, came up with the design for Solaris, a 'Comet-chaser' which Sydney Jordan illustrated for our article 'Keep Watching the Skies!', Analog, October 1994, with extended versions in 1995 and 2002. That year my friend Bill Ramsay proposed a discussion project to answer the question, 'If we knew there was going to be an impact in ten years' time, what could we do?', followed significantly by 'What would we do?' The discussions ended with a seminar which I organised at Glasgow University in October 2012, and my book Incoming Asteroid! What could we do about it? was published by Springer International the following year. Recently I gave a 2-part online lecture on it to the Clydesdale Astronomical Society, followed by a condensed one for the British Interplanetary Society, further condensed for their magazine Spaceflight in October.
At the International Astronautical Federation Congress in London in 1951, L.R. Shepherd of the British Interplanetary Society advanced the concept of an asteroid hollowed out into an artificial world, for multi-generation interstellar travel. He described it in a paper called 'Interstellar Flight', first published in 1952 and reprinted in Realities of Space Travel, ed. L.J. Carter, Putnam, 1957. It was illustrated over several weeks of 1957 in the now-forgotten comic Rocket, begun by the News of the World in 1956, just to early for the excitement of Sputnik. It also ran a serial featuring one Gi-Gi Nash, who was kidnapped by Martians operating a fleet of hollowed-out asteroids – influenced in no small degree by the similar ones in 'The World in Peril', the third of the BBC's Journey into Space serials written by Charles Chilton.
Frank Tinsley portrayed an alternative, wholly artificial sphere, ten miles in diameter, in his book The Answers to the Space Flight Challenge (Whitestone, 1958). Isaac Asimov subsequently demonstrated that an asteroid of that size, suitably hollowed out, could house the entire human race. ('The Universe and the Future' in Is Anyone There?, Ace, 1957.) If one of those were to arrive here now, it would be like adding an entire populated world to the Solar System – something no science fiction writer has ever attempted to portray, as far as I know. In Fritz Leiber's The Wanderer an actual earth-sized planet gets added, but only temporarily, and the novel is almost entirely concerned with the physical effects on Earth.
asteroid interstellar ship, Rocket, 1956
See also: Beginner's Astronomy: Asteroids and Impacts 2 and Beginners Astronomy: Asteroids and Impacts
Categories: Culture, Science
Tagged as: asteroids, astronomy, Duncan Lunan, Eros, mining, Space
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lariliss says:
Great detailed 'all-in one' article, thank you.
Though asteroids mining seems still a fiction, we already have missions to go like Lucy.
Good question is 'who owns…'. It might seem early to any international discussion on that, because not that much to discuss.
The first experience of new boarders for new lands and resources comes from sea bed.
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text:
Relying on patent figures to interpret patent claims
Within Ex parte TROUILLY, one has some arguments concerning the use of figures to interpret claims.
Appellants also argue that the Examiner may not use Becker's
Figure 2 as a source of teaching that the middle chamber is shorter than the side chambers because "patent drawings do not define the precise proportions of the elements and may not be relied on to show particular sizes if the specification is completely silent on the issue." Reply Br. 3-4 (citing Hockerson-Halberstadt, Inc. v. Avia Group Int'l, 222 F.3d 951, 956 (Fed. Cir. 2000)). We agree that Becker does not indicate that its figures are drawn to scale. However, even when patent drawings are not drawn to scale, they may nevertheless be used to establish relative sizes and
relationships between the various components which are clearly depicted in those drawings. See, e.g., Vas-Cath Inc. v. Mahurkar, 935 F.2d 1555, 1565 (Fed. Cir 1991). The Examiner merely relies on Figure 2 for its description of the relative sizes and relationships among the three chambers shown in the figure. The Examiner does not rely on "precise proportions" shown in Becker's Figure 2. Instead, the Examiner finds that the figure discloses a middle chamber that is shorter than the side chambers. We agree that Becker's Figure 2 discloses this relationship to a skilled artisan, and thus the Examiner's reliance on the figure is permitted. In re Aslanian, 590 F.2d 911, 914 (C.C.P.A. 1979).
Appellants argue that the Examiner erred in finding that Becker's Figure 1 discloses the claimed length ratios of claims 18 and 20. Reply
Br. 6-7. Appellants contend that the Examiner improperly relied on Becker's Figure 1 to teach the claimed length relationships (Reply Br. 7), because "it is well established that patent drawings do not define the precise proportions of the elements and may not be relied on to show particular sizes if the specification is completely silent on the issue." Reply Br. 4 (quoting Hockerson-Halberstadt, Inc. v. Avia Group Int'l, 222 F.3d 951, 956, (Fed. Cir. 2000)). The Federal Circuit applied the principles of Hockerson in a later case even more relevant to the case before us. Nystrom v. TREX Co., Inc., 424 F.3d 1136 (Fed. Cir. 2005). In Nystrom, an accused infringer relied upon a computer model generated from Figure 3 in a prior art patent ("Zagelmeyer") to prove anticipation of Nystrom's claim 18 directed to a wooden plank with a convex top surface, which recited in pertinent part:
said convex top surface being manufactured to have a radius of curvature with a slightly rounded or curved configuration extending across the top surface from one side edge to the other, defining a difference in thickness between the longitudinal centerline and the opposite side edges, with the ratio of said difference in thickness to the width of the board being about 1:40.
Nystrom, 424 F.3d at 1148 (emphasis in original). A Trex employee carefully measured Zagelmeyer's Figure 3, which illustrated a plank with a convex top surface. The Trex employee used those measurements to generate a computer model of the plank to establish that the plank had a relevant thickness ratio of 1:39 or 1:37. Id. Based on the computer model, the district court concluded that Zagelmeyer anticipated claim 18. The Federal Circuit reversed the district court because "the district court erred in determining invalidity based on evidence improperly derived from a patent drawing" in violation of the principles of Hockerson and In re Wright, 569 F.2d 1124, 1127 (C.C.P.A. 1977) (rejecting PTO's reliance on drawings not to scale to find that prior art taught "chime length of roughly 1⁄2 to 1 inch for a whiskey barrel"). Nystrom, 424 F.3d at 1149.
Appellants correctly point out that Becker contains no written description of the length of chamber 16 in comparison to the lengths of chambers 12, 14. Reply Br. 7. We further agree with Appellants that Becker fails to disclose that its Figures are drawn to scale. Id. The Examiner thus relies solely upon Becker's Figure 1 for his finding that Becker teaches the length relationships of independent claims 18 and 20. In doing so, the Examiner errs in the same way that the district court erred in Nystrom. Therefore, we reverse the rejection of claims 18-20 under § 103(a) as obvious over Becker.
Separately, of the appellants trying to import limitations from the specification into the claims -->
Appellants argue in response that the recitation of "substantially less" in claims 1 and 21 and "substantially greater distance" in claim 12 distinguish these claims from the container illustrated in Becker's Figure 2. Reply Br. 2-3. Appellants contend that a skilled artisan understands "substantially" as claimed to mean "considerable in value, degree, amount or extent." Id. at 3 (citing American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company). Appellants then attempt to quantify "considerable in value" by referring to the Specification, which discloses multi-chambered containers in which the middle chamber is "about two-thirds to about three-quarters" of the length of "either or both side chambers." Reply Br. 3. The Specification describes this range of length ratios as being desirable. See, e.g., Spec., para. [0044]. However, independent claims 1, 12, and 21 do not recite these ratios.
The Federal Circuit recently reiterated the well-established principle that "it is not proper to import from the patent's written description limitations that are not found
in the claims themselves." Flo Healthcare Solutions, LLC v. Kappos, 697 F.3d 1367, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2012). Therefore, we decline to import this range of ratios from the Specification into claims 1, 12, and 21.
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collections of many lymphoid follicles closely packed together in the lamina propria, forming oblong elevations on the mucous membrane of the ileum opposite the attachment of mesentary.
Johann Conrad, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1712.
Peyer nodules - solitary lymph nodes.


text:
Wirnt von Grafenberg was a Middle High German poet of the thirteenth century.

Biography
Grafenberg was a Bavarian nobleman who between 1202 and 1205 wrote an epic, entitled Wigalois, which describes the adventures of Gawain's son, the name being a corruption of Guinglain le Galois. Wirnt took his material from the French romance Le bel inconnu of Renaud de Beaujeu, and used it with great freedom. Though extravagant and didactic, the poem is one of the best romances of the Arthurian cycle written in Germany, apart from the work of Wolfram von Eschenbach and Hartmann von Aue. A prose version was made toward the close of the fifteenth century and printed at Augsburg in 1493. Wigalois was edited by F. Pfeiffer (Leipzig, 1847).

References
 This work in turn cites:
 F. Saran, Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Litteratur, vol. xxi. (Halle, 1896).

Date of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
German-language poets
13th-century German poets


text:
Q: What are 2D quaternions called (what should I search for more information)? I stumbled on a working concept for a fast rotation & orientation system today, based on a two-term quaternion that represents either a rotation about the X axis (1,0,0) in the form w + ix, a rotation about the Y axis (0,1,0) in the form w + jy, or a rotation about the Z axis (0,0,1) in the form w + kz.
They're similar to complex numbers, but a) are half-angled and double-sided like all quaternions (they're simply quaternions with two of three imaginary terms zeroed out), and b) represent rotations about one of three 3D axes specifically.
My problem and question is...I can't find any representation of such a system online and have no idea what to search for. What are these complex numbers called? Who else has done something like this before? Where can I find more information on the path I'm headed down? It seems too good to be true and I want to find the other shoe before it drops on me.
Practical example I worked out (an orientation quaternion from Tait-Bryan angles):
ZQuat Y, YQuat P, XQuat R; // yaw, pitch, roll
float w = Y.W * P.W;
float x = -Y.Z * P.Y;
float y = Y.W * P.Y;
float z = Y.Z * P.W;
Quaternion O; // orientation
O.W = x * R.W + w * R.X;
O.X = y * R.W + z * R.X;
O.Y = z * R.W - y * R.X;
O.Z = w * R.W - x * R.X;

A: Quaternions in 2D would degenerate to just being a single component being no diferrent than an rotation angle. That's propably why you do not find anything. With quaternions you do f.e. not have the problem of gimbal lock, appearing when two rotation axes align because of rotation order. In normal 2D space you do not have more than a single rotation axis, so it has neither order (how do you sort a single element) and there are no axes to align. The lack of rotation axes in 2D is because you get a rotation axis when being perpendicular to two other axes.
This gives 3 axes for 3D:

X&Y=>Z
X&Z=>Y
Y&Z=>X

But only one for 2D:

X&Y=>Z