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Guns Don't Kill People and other Inconvenient Truths
February 25, 2018 by Steve Matthews
Mourners look at a memorial for the victims of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, in a park in Parkland, Florida on February 16, 2018. A former student, Nikolas Cruz, opened fire at the Florida high school leaving 17 people dead and 15 injured. / AFP PHOTO / RHONA WISE
In light of the well-organized, well-funded, and unprecedented attacks on the Second Amendment and on its supporters in recent days, it seemed good to me to set down a few inconvenient truths relating to the right to bear arms and the causes of mass shootings
First, as the old saying goes, "Guns don't kill people, people kill people." An article in the Huffington Post from last fall called this argument tired, logic-deficient, obvious and irrelevant, but it is nothing of the sort.
True, the argument has been around for a while. I remember it being used back in the day when I was a kid, but that doesn't make it tired. In fact, it may be one of the most important truths to bring up in any discussion about the Second Amendment.
Guns are inanimate objects. They have now will of their own, no moral agency. In themselves, they are neither good nor evil. Guns are tools as are hammers, baseball bats and pickup trucks. And just as hammers, baseball bats and pickup trucks can be used for both good and evil, so too can guns.
Neither good nor evil reside in the gun, they reside in the heart of the person using the gun.
The Huffpo calls this point obvious. But is it? It's fair to say that it should be obvious, but given the rush to restrict or outright ban gun ownership by certain groups following the school shooting in Parkland, FL, I'm not so sure it is.
If it were obvious, it should be equally obvious that stripping citizens of their right to bear arms is not the proper response to mass shootings. Yet the gun grabbers have never been more shrill in their demands to limit, or completely eliminate, Americans' Constitutionally guaranteed right to own guns.
"There ought to be a law to banning 'X' to ensure that 'Y' never happens again," on the other hand, really is a tired response to tragedy, but that doesn't stop people from making the argument.
This leads to my second inconvenient truth: crime punishment, not crime prevention, is the proper approach to criminal justice.
Crime prevention punishes everyone in an attempt to keep crimes from happening. For an extreme example of this philosophy, think about the 2002 movie Minority Report. Set in the year 2054, the film depicted a conflict between a special police unit called PreCrime and a man who had been fingered by this unit as a future murderer.
Crime prevention is the philosophy of the regulatory state. The idea is to regulate – that is to say, punish – everyone in the hope of stopping future wrong doing. Crime prevention is the hallmark of the statist, not of those who love liberty. Certainly, it is not the philosophy of the Bible.
In the civil law of ancient Israel, there was no provision for a regulatory state. The law of Moses did detail the procedures for the investigation of crimes, set up due process for the accused, and set forth proper sentencing. That is to say, Israel's civil law was clearly about crime punishment, not crime prevention.
And this leads me to my third inconvenient truth, the right of self defense. Many people, including many Christians, operate under the assumption that men have the right to self defense. This assumption is correct, but as Christians we must tie our understanding of self defense to Scripture. This is not hard to do.
In Exodus we find the following: "If the thief is found breaking in, and he is struck so that he dies, there shall be no guilt for his bloodshed. If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt for his bloodshed" (Exodus 22:2-3).
As one commentator noted, "Two basic principles taught in this text are the right to own private property and the right to defend that property."
The Bible clearly teaches that under some circumstances there is no guilt in killing another. In Biblical times, this was referred to as the power of the sword. In our own time, guns have replaced swords as the primary means of self defense, but the principle is the same: men have the right to use force, deadly force if necessary, to defend their property and their persons.
Those who seek to restrict Second Amendment rights or eliminate altogether civilian access to firearms find themselves in opposition, not only to the constitution, but to Scripture as well.
Fourth, those who seek to prohibit private ownership of guns, knowingly or not, are on the side of tyranny. In his cheerily titled book Death by Government, political scientist R.J. Rummel puts the total number of people murdered by various governments during the 20th century at over 169 million.
One of the common threads connecting that century's most murderous regimes was their opposition to gun ownership by their citizens. The Nazi regime in Germany, for example, "seized power and used the records [gun registration records compiled during the days of the Weimar Republic] to identify, disarm, and attack political opponents and Jews. Constitutional rights were suspended, and mass searches for and seizures of guns and dissident publications ensued" (Stephen P. Halbrook, "How the Nazis Used Gun Control," The National Review, Dec. 2, 2013).
The goal of the Nazis was to disarm their opponents to make them easy targets.
There's even an example of this sort of thing found in Scripture. When King Saul was fighting the Philistines, Israel found itself at a serious disadvantage due to lack of weaponry. "Now there was no blacksmith to be found throughout all the land of Israel, for the Philistines said, 'Lest the Hebrews make swords or spears'…So it came about on the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan" (1 Samuel 13:19, 22).
Worth noting, also, is the lack of any prohibition in the law of Moses against private individuals owning swords. It was not the Mosaic law that caused Saul's men to lack swords and spears, it was the tyranny of the Philistines.
Fifth, the inability, and even at times the incompetence, of government officials makes a strong case for private gun ownership.
Even the best-run police departments cannot be everywhere at once to protect law abiding citizens from criminal activity. This logically implies that private citizens have a right, and even the responsibility, to look after their own safety.
But even where police are present, there is no guarantee that they will act properly. Not long after the Parkland school shooting, it was reported in the media that an armed Broward County Sheriff's Deputy stationed at the school remained outside while the massacre was taking place.
Within the past day, new reports have surfaced that there actually were multiple deputies present at the school during the shooting, all of whom failed to act to stop the attack.
Then there is the issue of the FBI's failure to follow its own protocol after being warned well in advance that shooter Nikolas Cruz was a powder keg ready to explode.
The New York Times reports that on Nov. 30 an unidentified caller warned the FBI that Cruz, "could be a school shooter in the making."
In fact, the FBI was warned several other times that Cruz was a ready to go off, yet did nothing. On Jan. 5, a woman called the FBI saying, "I know he's going to explode," and that he may go "into a school and just shooting the place up."
In a transcript of the call released by the FBI, the concerned informant told the Bureau that Cruz stated on social media he wanted to kill people, used a large sum of inherited money to buy guns and ammunition, dressed up like an ISIS guy, and had pulled a rifle on his mother to get money.
Commenting on this, Ron Paul asked, "[H]ow is it possible that the FBI once again missed so many obvious clues that a violent person intent on causing massive harm to others was about to strike? Is the FBI actually this incompetent, or perhaps its focus was in other areas – like meddling in our own elections by presenting 'evidence' they knew was flawed to the FISA court to get permission to spy on the Trump campaign?"
A sixth inconvenient truth about mass shootings is that they often involve people on psychotropic drugs known as SSRIs. Continuing with his critique of the gun control narrative, Ron Paul noted, "Why does it always seem that the shooter in these mass killings has been on some kind of psychotropic drugs? As the New American magazine pointed out this week, at least ten high profile mass shootings have been committed by individuals who 'were either on – or just recently coming off of – psychiatric medications.' The young killer in Florida was no different. According to his aunt, he had been on these medications to treat mental problems."
Why are no questions raised about the role of these drugs in mass shootings. Clearly psychotropic medication is a common thread connecting many mass shooting, yet the focus of the media is always on the guns, never on the meds.
A further question that can be asked is why were all of the institutions for the mentally insane closed. President Trump raised the very sensible point that mental institutions may help reduce mass shootings, an idea that was immediately dismissed by "the experts" as "ridiculous." Clearly the only option is to disarm the public, an option which, of course, is never considered ridiculous.
A seventh inconvenient truth is that in some cases mass shooters may, in fact, be demon possessed or involved in Satanism in some way. Such a statement will be dismissed as foolish by secularists, but it seems to this author to explain the extreme evil demonstrated by these murderers.
According to a report from ABC, upon his arrest Nikolas Cruz, "told investigators that he heard voices in his head, giving him instructions on what to do to conduct the attack…The voices were described as 'demons' by law enforcement sources."
Cruz is not the first mass shooter to report hearing voices. Just last year, NBC reported that Esteban Santiago, the man who killed 5 and wounded 8 in the Fort Lauderdale airport, "was being treated in Alaska after complaining of hearing voices."
Aaron Alexis, the Washington Navy Yard shooter also claimed to hear voices in his head.
According to the Guardian, Columbine shooter Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, "shared the cheap thrills of the black occult with their predecessors who shot their classmates in Jonesboro, Arkansas."
A CNN report from April 21, 1999, a day after the Columbine shootings, quotes a student describing Eris Harris in these words, "He's big on that, they're all big on that. They're all big on anti-God, Satanism. They're really just pure hate is the way the entire group is.
The report also notes that Harris had posted on the web, "a scribbled drawing with a Satan-like figure and features that seemed to portray violence."
As far as the Jonesboro shooters goes, a quick web search reveals that the Jonesboro shooters, a 13-year-old and an 11-year-old, were part of a satanic cult.
One website I found quoted The Sunday Mail from March 19, 1998 thus, "The older of the two boys accused of having ambushed fellow students at an Arkansas school had a fascination with the occult, according to classmates. Mitchell Johnson, 13, apparently had discussed Satan with his classmates, according to a psychologist who counselled students after the killings."
Sandy Hook shooter Adam Lanza is another case in point. As the Daily Mail reports, "The Sandy Hook gunman worshiped the devil and had an online page dedicated to Satan, a former classmate revealed."
Doubtless, the sophisticated gun grabbers would howl with laughter at any suggestion that the devil made 'em do it. But Satan is real, and there is massive evidence that occultism is common thread behind many mass shootings.
But of course, the real problem is guns, the Second Amendment, and the deplorables who love them.
An eighth inconvenient truth about the Parkland shooting is that the corporate news media, rather than trying to report on the story honestly, appears bent on pushing a propaganda narrative calling for gun control.
One student at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, JROTC cadet Colton Haab, claimed that he originally was asked to write a speech and questions for last week's televised CNN town hall, but was later told that he would have to ask a question scripted for him. During an appearance on Tucker Carlson's show, Haab expressed his belief that the entire town hall event was scripted.
The father of another Parkland shooting survivor commented, "The producer [from CNN] insinuated to me they were looking for people who were willing to espouse a certain narrative which was taking a tragedy and turning it into a policy debate and I read that as being a gun control debate."
If these claims are true – and from what I can tell, they appear to be consistent with the sort of narrative journalism known to be pushed by CNN and other mainstream media outlets – then once again the American people are being lied to – thought shaped is the word journalist Greg Hunter likes to use – by the very organizations that hold themselves out as purveyors of the truth.
Joining forces with the news media to push this narrative are our SJW corporate overlords, who could couldn't wait to distance themselves from the NRA and American gun owners.
When it comes to mass shootings, all right thinking, respectable people just know that the root cause is guns. No other explanation is necessary; no other explanation is permitted. In this essay, I have attempted to lay out some of the reasons why this is not so.
Our Constitution has guaranteed Americans the God-given right to bear arms and to defend themselves, but there are many people in high places who don't like that one bit. May God grant Christians in this nation to courage to stand up and speak the truth.
Posted in Politics | Tagged Gun Control, MSM, Second Amendment | 5 Comments
on February 26, 2018 at 5:30 am | Reply John Bradshaw
Thx for your thoughts on this subject. I appreciate the arguments you used from Scripture to show that people there did have weapons.
I am confused though and have a few questions that have bugged me for a long time. I wonder if you have some thoughts on these? Thx.
1. Whilst one could argue that weapons were given in Scripture, one could also argue that Scripture removes the weapons in the NT. e.g. Jesus to Peter, "Put away your sword". Was this not an incident for self-defence against an unruly mob, even if the mob was sent by the government? Yet Christ tells Peter to stop. And we don't find Peter or the other disciples pulling out weapons later in the NT, even though they are attacked.
2. If guns are neutral, so is heroin or LSD. Heroin and LSD can sit quietly in a cupboard and not bother anybody. Yet we think it is a good law to stop people having heroin etc in their home.
3. Government is not just to punish evildoers, but also to protect their citizens from evildoers. We have police and armies for protection as much as to punish evildoers.
4. We think it's OK to take a drug like paracetamol for a headache, but not LSD for depression. So a small weapon might be useful for self-defence, but do ordinary citizens need guns that can fire many times a second?
5. I do not know the circumstances of the writing of the Second Amendment. But is there any credence to the idea that the right to bear arms was due to the historical situation of having no police force or regular standing army to defend their citizens at that time? Or perhaps the citizens of the United States back then were too spread out for effective gov't protection, so they were allowed private means of protection.
In Australia we did have one really bad massacre due to a lone gunman going crazy. It is referred to as the Port Arthur massacre in Tasmania. It was in 1996. 35 people were killed and 23 injured in a restaurant. After that, very strict rules were brought in by the government restricting the private ownership of semi-automatic rifles, semi-automatic shotguns and pump-action shotguns as well as introducing strict uniform firearms licensing. We have not had such an incident in the last 20 years. I mention this because it seems to have made a difference. Criminals are still caught with these weapons occasionally, but they have not used them for mass murder.
Thx for taking the time to write about these issues Steve.
As an aside, regarding the use of drugs in these terrible situations. I remember reading a book over 35 years ago by Fred Catherwood (he was son-in-law to Martyn Lloyd-Jones). Catherwood used to be high up in British govt. committees. He said that there was an easy way to stop the drug trade. That was to close the banks down in the Caribbean by stopping large transactions with them. Without a way for the drug lords to launder their money, the drugs would stop overnight. But no Western government was prepared to do that. That was over 35 years ago. I don't know if the same strategy would work today via the banking system. I guess it wouldn't.
on February 27, 2018 at 9:21 pm | Reply Steve Matthews
Thanks for your questions. I'll take them in order.
1. Regarding weapons, you are correct that Jesus told Peter to put away his sword. Yet just a few hours earlier, Jesus told his disciples that he who was without a sword should sell his garment and buy one (Luke 22:36). So how do we reconcile these two statements? One suggestion that makes a lot of sense to me is the idea that, when speaking to Peter, it was under the circumstances of his being taken prisoner for the crucifixion. Peter sought to interfere with this through physical violence. Besides, Peter was not really acting in self defense. The priests had come for Jesus, not Peter.
2. I would argue that even LSD and Heroin are neutral. Opiods can be used as effective pain medication. Hemp can be used for many industrial products or smoked to get high. It all depends on what one wants to do with it.
3. I agree that government are to protect, but even the most competent police department cannot be there when someone breaks into your home in the middle of the night. In the time it takes them to arrive, you could be dead.
4. Regarding the types of weapons permitted, the Constitution nowhere addresses this. If we look at how this has been handled historically in the US, there was a time when you could order a fully automatic machine gun through the Sears & Roebuck catalog.
The most sensible explanation of the Second Amendment I've seen is that the idea was to grant citizens the right to have firearms equal to those of the armies of the day. At the time the Constitution was written, that was a flintlock musket. Today that would be a fully automatic weapon. That may sound extreme, but I think it's logically defensible.
Am I saying we should all go out and by machine guns, go on a rampage and overthrow the government? No. But what I am saying in that the idea behind the Second Amendment was to allow citizens to be armed in a way that is comparable to the government. The Second Amendment speaks of a well regulated militia, which I understand to be a group of citizen soldiers who are responsible to a lesser government magistrate.
John Calvin is the one who developed the doctrine of the lesser magistrate, by which he meant that if governors at the top were acting unjustly, the lesser magistrate had the right, the duty even, to oppose them, by force if necessary. My understanding is that the framers of the Constitution understood the citizen soldier as playing a key part is helping the lesser magistrate carry out his duty.
5. Regarding the circumstances of the writing of the Second Amendment, I'll quote the eminent Constitutional commentator Joseph Story, "One of the ordinary modes, by which tyrants accomplish their purposes without resistance, is, by disarming the people, and making it an offence to keep arms, and by substituting a regular army in the stead of a resort to the militia. The friends of free government cannot be too watchful, to overcome the dangerous tendency of the public mind to sacrifice, for the sake of mere private convenience, this powerful check upon the designs of ambitious men" (Joseph Story, A Familiar Exposition of The Constitution of the United States, 319).
Regarding the idea that the government allowed people private means of protection, strict Constitutionalists would argue that far from allowing people to defend themselves, the intention of the framers of the Constitution was to guarantee in writing rights that were given to men by God.
One other thing to think about is that even if the government succeeded in removing all guns from all private citizens, there still would be a gun problem: The government would have all the guns. As RJ Rummel discussed in his book Death by Government, the 20th century alone saw something like 169 million people murdered by government. And the biggest murderers were also regimes that disarmed their citizens.
That's an interesting thought you brought up about Catherwood and the banks. I can't say for sure if he was right or not.
My thought is that if you closed the banks in the Caribbean, others would take up the slack. For example the megabank HSBC was busted a few years ago for laundering billions of drug cartel money and they received a slap on the wrist https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/outrageous-hsbc-settlement-proves-the-drug-war-is-a-joke-20121213
on February 27, 2018 at 10:14 pm John Bradshaw
Thx Steve. Very interesting. You make good points that I had not come across before.
I must admit that even though I had read about militias before, I had not realised their secondary purpose of keeping the people sharp about their own defence as the Story quote intimates. But today, would a local militia be more than "a bump in the road" for a regular army to overcome? Perhaps what we see in Syria at the moment is militias vs army, but I wonder if what the militias have achieved there has been worth it.
I have many more questions, but I wonder how you would tackle the problem of the mass killings that have occurred in the USA in recent years? Is it to make the death penalty mandatory for murderers? Would that at least go some way in stopping these kind of crimes?
on March 2, 2018 at 6:48 pm Steve Matthews
Regarding the militias being effective against a better armed regular army, that's an interesting question. My thought is that a militia doesn't have to be able to go head to head with a regular army to serve as a deterrent. If all it does is to make the job of a tyrant harder and cause him to think twice about overstepping his bounds, that's probably good enough.
As to mass murderers and the death penalty, we have capital punishment in the US. The shooter in Florida, Nikolas Cruz could be charged with capital murder https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/22/opinions/should-parkland-shooter-get-death-penalty-jackson/index.html
I'm not sure how much the death penalty deters mass shootings, because in many cases the shooter seems to go in with the intent of dying himself. There are exceptions, of course.
Nikolas Cruz, for example, was not suicidal.
When these mass shootings occur, I sometimes wonder what people in other countries think of Americans./ I suppose we come off looking like a bunch of crazies.
But back to your question about the deterrent effect of the death penalty, I do believe that in general it does reduce violent crime.
In economic terms, the more something costs, generally fewer people will take of it. That's why there are more Toyotas and Chevrolets on the road than Mercedes or Rolls Royces.
Looked at from an economic standpoint, the death penalty raises the cost of murder to the potential criminal, so it stands to reason that you will have fewer murders in a with a death penalty than in its absence.
There was a period of time from the 1960s until the 1980s when the death penalty did not exist in the US. Unsurprisingly, the murder rate went up.
This may sound counterintuitive, but violent crime in the US has declined sharply over the past 25 years. Here's one recent study showing this http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/30/5-facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s/
I don't want to suggest that the reintroduction of the death penalty is the sole cause of this decline, but I suspect that it is at least a factor.
Another factor contributing to the decline in violent crime likely is the increase in gun ownership among Americans. Thirty years ago, it was unheard of for people to carry concealed guns for self-defense. Now, almost every state in the union issues Concealed Carry permits. I have one from the state of Ohio.
The spread of Concealed Carry permits means that the bad guys never know if the person they've targeted has a gun. Once again, this raises the cost of crime to any potential thug.
on March 2, 2018 at 9:15 pm | Reply John Bradshaw
Thx for your reply & the link to the Pew Research.
You wondered "When these mass shootings occur, I sometimes wonder what people in other countries think of Americans".
I know in Australia we shake our heads, wondering why the gun laws are not changed to help with the immediate problem. But our population is very different than the US. We only have 25 million people and close to 40% of those are in just two cities, Sydney and Melbourne (5 million each).
There are certainly pockets of crime, but generally our laws and Police force deal with the situations quickly. There are tensions between rival groups that spill out into the streets occasionally, but again, it usually is dealt with by the police quickly and a week or two later it's settled down again.
We don't have any capital punishment and I do NOT think that is a good thing. It is against the Scriptures.
I don't know, maybe some of the issues in the US are related to the population numbers vs other countries.
Anyway, it has been very informative to read your articles on the current situation in the US. Thankyou.
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Any time you can mix golf and gambling together, I'm all ears.
Toss in the storied tradition of the Masters, the brilliant green fairways at Augusta National, and what is typically the most dramatic Sunday afternoon of the entire golf calendar and, well, you can clearly see why this is one of my favorite weeks of the year.
What makes betting on the Masters so intriguing is that it's played at the same course every year and the field is usually a lot smaller than most PGA TOUR events. And by virtue of those two key elements, we can whittle down the number of players we want to back, much like when handicapping a horse race. By using a process of elimination, a small group of players will rise to the top as those you actually think have a legitimate shot to be sitting across from an emotional Jim Nantz on Sunday afternoon and wearing a certain green jacket.
So, cue the iconic Masters theme music. It's time to roll out some key betting factors, trends and stats with the hopes of uncovering the 2019 Masters champion while (hopefully) winning some money in the process.
We start by crossing 2018 Masters champ Patrick Reed off our list.
There have only been three back-to-back winners in Masters history (Jack Nicklaus, Nick Faldo, Tiger Woods) and none since Tiger turned the trick in 2001 and 2002.
In fact, the last two defending champs (Danny Willett and Sergio Garcia) missed the cut the following year. Over the last 16 years, three defending champs have missed the cut and only six have landed in the Top 20 and three of those were guys named Woods and Mickelson.
Not including the first Masters champion (Horton Smith in 1934), just two players have won the Masters in their first career start at Augusta National. The last time it happened was 40 years ago when Fuzzy Zoeller captured the first major of what turned out to be a career Grand Slam when he walked away with the green jacket in 1979.
There are 17 Masters first-timers in this year's field, and we're going to bet that none will win — although much like we saw a No. 16 seed finally beat a No. 1 seed in the NCAA men's basketball tournament last year, I don't think we're too far away from someday seeing a rookie win here. But not this year.
By the way, bet365 Mobile Sports has Matt Wallace listed as the 7-to-2 favorite in the Top Debutant Pool.
So, if we're eliminating rookie participants, it's only natural that past experience at Augusta National is crucial. And, despite Reed spitting into the wind last year and ignoring the below numbers, past history still backs us up on this.
Before last year, the previous 18 Masters winners had made the cut the year before. Reed, who missed the cut in 2017, managed to prevail last year and win at Augusta.
Two other key stats that Reed went ahead and ignored last year: Heading into the 2018 Masters, 14 of the last 18 winners had made at least six previous starts at Augusta (Reed had four and missed the cut in two of those starts) and 24 of the last 29 winners had at least one top 20 finish at the Masters (Reed's best finish was a T-22 in 2015).
Down six strokes with 10 holes to play, Nicklaus won the 1986 Masters at the age of 46 years old in one of the most breathtaking final rounds in the history of the event.
The Golden Bear remains the oldest player to win the Masters, but in recent history, the winner of the Green Jacket has been predominantly under 40. Of course, the youngest winner is Woods, who won his first Masters at the age of 21 in 1997. But in recent history we haven't seen those extremes.
The last 10 Masters winners have been under the age of 40 and 17 of the last 18 winners have been between the age of 25 and 39, with the lone exception of Jordan Spieth, who won it in 2015 at the tender age of 22.
Augusta National isn't the type of course where a player who isn't in top form is going to come in and suddenly figure out his game and start firing low numbers.
Current form matters when it comes to predicting the Masters champion, as seen by the fact that the last 10 winners all had at least one top 10 from the current season and only three of the last 10 winners were ranked outside the top 20 of the World Golf Ranking as they headed to Augusta.
I picked up this tidbit last year from following golf handicapper Dave Tindall, one of the very best in the business and an absolute must-follow on Twitter, if you are betting on golf.
Of the key statistics you always want to look at as players tee it up at Augusta (greens in regulation, scrambling, par 5 performance, etc.), one of the most vital is bogey avoidance. Tindall pointed out that heading into last year's Masters, the last 10 winners ended up ranking No. 1 in bogey avoidance seven times and none of them ranked outside the top 5 or had a bogey count of more than 10 over par (total score for bogey holes).
Of course, once again, renegade Reed broke the mold on this stat last year when bogeyed two of his first six holes in the final round last year, finished with a bogey count of +11 and still won the Masters.
Nonetheless, bogey avoidance is a stat we'll be keeping an eye on as we get closer to picking our winner.
Long gone are the days when Tiger would stroll through the gates of Augusta National as the overwhelming betting favorite and win at a single-digit price. Yes, the Masters has been an event where underdogs have thrived in recent years.
According to SportsOddsHistory.com, the average price of the Masters winner the last 12 years has been a whopping 69-to-1. The last three winners (Patrick Reed at 40-to-1, Sergio Garcia at 30-to-1 and Danny Willett at 50-to-1) have averaged a nice 40-to-1 payday and going back further we have seen huge longshots such as Charl Schwartzel (100-to-1 in 2011), Angel Cabrera (125-to-1 in 2009), Trevor Immelman (150-to-1 in 2008) and Zach Johnson (125-to-1 in 2007) cash big tickets.
So, as attractive and logical it may seem to pick one of the betting favorites this week, think again.
As of this morning, the renowned SuperBook at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino has Rory McIlroy (7-to-1), Dustin Johnson (10-to-1) and Justin Rose (12-to-1) as the top three favorites.
Let's face it. It's very difficult to pick the winner of a golf tournament. So, while the odds shrink and the payouts aren't as high, an optimal way to bet the winner comes as the tournament goes along. I especially like trying to pick the winner after Round 1, when, according to recent stats, you can pretty much narrow it down to 10 players or less.
While the Round 1 leader has gone on to win the Masters just twice in the last 33 years, only two winners have been outside the Top 10 following Thursday's round since 1998. Also, 10 of the last 11 winners fired a sub-70 score in Round 1.
Chances are you'll still be able to get a decent price betting on the winner heading into Round 2, as the last three champs (Reed at 20-to-1, Garcia at 15-to-1 and Willett at 30-to-1) all had double-digit odds after Round 1.
If you are wagering on golf on a regular basis, you are much better off testing the match-up market than picking players to win.
There is so much variance in the to win market that you really aren't getting any value on those prices, not to mention it's hard to pick one winner out of hundreds of golfers. It's one of those "needle in the haystack" bets that we rarely like to make.
Fortunately, there are plenty of other betting options in golf, and the most popular are the match-up bets that pit two golfers head-to-head. Most sportsbooks had yet to post their complete roster of match-up bets as of this writing, but we did find one at Intertops Sportsbook that caught our eye.
Call us stubborn, but we're going to ride with Paul Casey (10/11) against Tommy Fleetwood. In last year's Masters betting preview, we picked Casey to win at 25-to-1 odds. Ultimately, Casey failed to come through with a 15th place finish, but he did so despite ranking dead last out of the 53 players who made the cut in fairways hit.
This year, the 41-year-old ranks 10th on TOUR in driving accuracy, so if he keeps it in the fairway this week as we expect, we're guessing he's going to be in contention, because he brings most all of the other attributes we discussed above, particularly his past form at Augusta (five Top 10s in 12 career starts) and current form (four Top 10s in his last six starts, including a win at the Valspar Championship three weeks ago).
While Fleetwood is a burgeoning star on TOUR and we would bet he'll win a major within three to five years if you gave us the right odds, he simply doesn't have a wealth of experience at Augusta, especially when compared to Casey. Yes, he was 17th last year, but the year before he missed the cut and his bogey count the last two years is +27 in just six rounds.
At a pick'em price, we'll go with the Masters veteran Casey and lay $220 to win $200 that he'll topple his fellow Englishman.
1. And the winner is . . .
Taking all of the above into account, we're going to throw a half-unit on Aussie Marc Leishman to win the Masters.
To recap, Leishman checks all of the necessary boxes. He is 35 years old and has 29 career major championship starts, including six Masters, where he finished ninth last year and fourth in 2013. He is also in great current form with six Top 10 finishes this season, including a T-9 in his last start at the World Golf Championship Match Play, and a World Golf Ranking of 20 heading into this week.
Last year, his bogey count at Augusta was +8 and he has been much better in bogey avoidance this season, ranking 15th on TOUR with just 76 bogeys in 612 holes played.
Above all, the price is right. The prevailing number on Leishman at virtually every sportsbook we checked was 50-to-1.
So, let's play $100 on Leishman to win the 2019 Masters to win a cool $5,000.


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Traditional Owners Reunite
June 29, 2016 by diana Leave a Comment
Traditional Owners gather on Country to share stories and assist in environmental planning for our region's future
Traditional Owners reunite on Country in the beautiful Whitsundays and Cape Hillsborough region.
During May, Traditional Owners from the Mackay Whitsunday Isaac region came together on Country to meet, connect and have a say in the management of our natural resources.
The Traditional Owner Reference Group (TORG) is hosted by Reef Catchments. Bringing together mobs from across the MWI region, the group is an important platform to ensure TO views are represented in environmental planning.
The TORG also provides a point of contact for organisations and businesses who are seeking Traditional Owner representation and insight into their projects and activities.
Reef Catchments Coasts and Biodiversity coordinator, Stefanie Wabnik, said going on Country with the TORG was a meaningful way to gain a deeper understanding of Traditional values.
"It allows us to see first hand the spiritual and cultural significance of the Reef's animals, plants and places," she said.
"Having Traditional Owners involved in the long-term management of our natural resources is essential. Their rich cultures, heritage values and enduring connections with the environment offer a unique perspective that must be taken into account for future protection of the Great Barrier Reef and our natural assets."
Six mobs came together to make the trip with Reef Catchments staff, as well as representatives from the Mackay-Whitsunday Healthy Rivers to Reef Partnership (HRRP) and Queensland Parks and Wildlife Services (QPWS).
Represented were people from Ngaro, Gia, Juru, Yuwibara, Koinmerburra, Barrada and Wiri groups.
Country visited included Nara Inlet (Hook Island) and South Molle Island, which are both Ngaro land. The group also visited Yuwibera Trail, Mangrove Walk, Andrews Point Track (Cape Hillsborough), Finlayson Point (Seaforth) and Ball Bay.
Reef Catchments engaged Terra Rosa to develop the structure and capacity of the TORG and to develop initial capacity to oversee Aboriginal site recording and management, Natural Resource Management projects and training.
"It's about identifying sites and working together. We're integrating traditional values with modern planning and resource management, which is very exciting," Ms Wabnik said.
Importantly, the on Country visit will inform a new cultural indicator to be included in the Mackay-Whitsunday Healthy Rivers to Reef Report Card for 2016. Fieldwork measured the condition of some of our region's important indigenous cultural heritage sites.
HRRP Chair, Diane Tarte, said the partnership was pleased to be working in collaboration with the Traditional Owner Reference Group, coordinated by Reef Catchments.
"We are working to develop an assessment of indigenous cultural heritage relating to our region's waterways and marine environment.
"For the first time in our region, information on the health of these sites, their relationship with each other (connectedness), level of protection and significance will be converted into a report card grade which we hope to compare over time.
"Along with the report card's environmental indicators, the cultural heritage indicator will assist in prioritising management responses for the region's waterways and marine environment in future years," she said.
Traditional Owner input will also be included in the MQI Reef Recovery Plan, currently under development by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA).
The Mackay Whitsunday Healthy Rivers to Reef Partnership is a collaboration between 22 partners from community, Traditional Owners, farmers and fishers, industry, science, tourism and government – read more here: http://healthyriverstoreef.org.au/
Filed Under: News Tagged With: Reef Catchments in Mackay, TORG, Traditional Owners Reference Group

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Focus on Business in the City of London
Within the square mile that makes up the City of London, there are more than 14,000 businesses. Fortunately the city's landscape reaches high, otherwise there wouldn't be much more room for budding entrepreneurs.
Known worldwide for being a hub of financial activity, the City of London is home to some of the world's biggest accountancy firms, banks, and investors. Amongst the financial moguls you'll find the occasional law firm, tech ventures like Google, and telecommunications outfits like Three. Competition for rental space is fierce, and the City of London's local government does expect businesses to commit to sustainable practice. Knowing a little more about this area in general can help you determine whether it's the right place to invest.
The City of London's Financial Sector
The City of London is also known as the "Square mile", and when investors worldwide hear that phrase, they know people are referring to the UK's financial hub. There, you will find traditional banks and insurance agencies, including international branches like the Bank of America and the Bank of Canada. Foreign exchange businesses also thrive in the City of London, with a turnover of around 0.73 trillion alone.
Sitting at the heart of all this financial activity is the London Stock Exchange, which has been in existence since 1801. Alongside the heavily regulated London Stock Exchange is the alternative investment market, which exists for those who do not have the usual connections for traditional investing. It's less well regulated, but it does open the financial floor up to a broader range of investors.
Although the finance industry dominates the City of London's business activities, you will find the odd non-financial venture. This includes Google, which is home to one of London's most innovative offices with hundreds of employees. Finally, there's Three, which is a relative newcomer to the telecommunications industry, but is one that continues to grow stronger on a daily basis. Continue reading "Focus on Business in the City of London" →
How the Shopping and Retail Industry Boosts London's Economy
In 2013, major international brands from around the world gave London's economy a boost by bringing a total of 31 new stores to the city. From the acclaimed American clothing store J Crew to luxury brand Tom Ford, each one placed its mark on the capital of England for the first time. After what has seemed like an endlessly tense economic recovery, the introduction of these stores to the capital has proved to bring good news. As of May 2014, London held the title of being the 'World's most popular city for international retailers', making it a go-to shopping destination for people across the globe.
London Knocking Dubai from the Hot Shopping Top Spot
With approximately 57% of the world's major international brands now owning stores in London, the city is ahead of Dubai, New York, Paris, and Shanghai, all of which have enviable shopping reputations of their own. To complement its reputation for shopping prestige, London carries a cosmopolitan vibe, which appeals to young and rich fashion lovers looking to make the most of their cash in an environment that's enjoyable. Worldwide, Regent Street and Westfield are now well-known amongst the globe's shopping elite. Eric Eastman of CBRE has since noted that London now attracts more international visitors than any other city in the world, with a considerable number of them coming from China.
Thanks to more major brands investing in the city, areas outside of the main shopping hubs are now attracting investment. This has seen some of Covent Garden's boutique shopping spaces give way to bigger brands, which are beginning to fight for space within the city. Continue reading "How the Shopping and Retail Industry Boosts London's Economy" →
Office Interiors That Will Make You Green With Envy
For the majority of office workers, there are usually very few things about their workspace that can be considered truly remarkable. Office space can tend to be rather dull and drab, and there is a reason for it too: decades ago, the old school of organisational psychology claimed that making an office slightly inviting would be counterproductive, as employees would feel too comfortable to be productive.
Luckily, that school of thought is slowly being replaced by a commitment to turning offices into convivial and welcoming spaces that inspire employees and encourage productivity. The workspaces listed below are living proof of this, so take a look at some of the world's most stunning office interiors and discover the key elements that can make an office stand out.
TBWA – Hakuhodo
The Japanese subsidiary of this international marketing firm is an example of excellent sustainable office practices. As you can see in the picture below, this office is characterised by having a large amount of green areas that can be seen from pretty much every corner of the office thanks to its open plan design. Instead of using carpet or tiles as flooring materials, hardwood and grass were used to create comfortable, warm, and relaxing spaces. Every aspect of this working space is perfectly in line with the company's motto "think happy". We are pretty sure that staff appreciate working in such a peaceful environment right in the middle of Tokyo's hectic business district.
BBC Headquarters, Salford
The BBC's impressive complex at Salford is often listed as one of the best office spaces to work in. More than 2,500 people work at this shiny, sleek, and modern waterfront office location where creativity and leisure are an integral part of working life. Step into this office complex and you'll soon come across security staff patrolling on Segways, futuristic-looking 'thought wheels', and colour-coded areas (magenta for 'thinking' spaces and green/lilac for 'doing' spaces). The corridors are lined with 'collaboration pods', which are designed to foster brainstorming and creative thinking. The most distinctive feature of this office interior model is precisely the fact that there are no offices as such, but rather closed booths and large open spaces designed to facilitate flexibility and mobility.
BBC MediaCity
Continue reading "Office Interiors That Will Make You Green With Envy" →
Housing for London Employees
Compared to the rest of the UK, London has seen significant rises in house prices since the beginning of the recession. With the average home in the capital costing a painful £530,000 in 2014, many employees living in London are finding the property market is difficult to manage. Such steep rises are also reflected in rental prices, leading to a growing number of city workers commuting from outside areas, or living with their colleagues.
The Rising Cost of Housing in London
Between the start of 2014 and May 2014, housing prices in London rose by more than £87,000. The Bank of England's governor, Mark Carney, has stated that there are deep structural problems within the city's housing market, and that an absence of new builds may exacerbate the issue. Continue reading "Housing for London Employees" →
Famous London Landmark Buildings Being Used as Offices
When it comes to working in the city, life is rarely dull. From the constantly busy atmosphere through to working locations, London's business sector is an exciting place for workers of all ages to be. In recent years, more and more companies have begun using famous landmarks as their office buildings of choice. For those who work in them, going to work comes with the simple pleasure of sitting in a building with historic significance, day after day.
The Batman Building in Clerkenwell
Sat in the heart of Clerkenwell is a building known as 'The Batman Building'. In addition to finding fame for its role in Gotham City, this mid-19th-century glass and leadworks outfit is owned by the Farmiloe family, which was the original family to commission it. In addition to featuring in Batman, it has been snapped up by the producers of Inception and Sherlock Holmes.
Although this Clerkenwell building has continued to be popular amongst movie directors, the owners have since chosen to turn it into offices, targeting multinational corporations like Amazon. While those working for everyday small and medium businesses might not get a look in, the lucky few who do work for multinational corporations in the area may find themselves travelling to Gotham City on a daily basis for their 9 to 5 job.
To the rest of the UK the Gherkin is well-known for its role in the business world. When it comes to visitors, however, it is a towering landmark that they'll forever associate with London's skyline. As a commercial skyscraper that sits in the heart of London's financial district, the Gherkin is home to hundreds of city workers, who spend most of their days and weeks toying with the financial market from within its glass walls.
For those who don't work in the city, the Gherkin presents an excellent opportunity to grab a bite to eat. At the top there is a restaurant, which offers one of the city's best panoramic views. Those who walk into to play with the stock market may benefit from its luxurious surroundings on a daily basis, but everyday people can enjoy the views without so many city stresses. Continue reading "Famous London Landmark Buildings Being Used as Offices" →
Overview of London's Commercial Property Market – 3rd Quarter 2014
During the third quarter of 2014, the commercial property market in London has greatly benefited from a strengthened economy. Low interest rates and improved consumer confidence have contributed to making commercial floorspace in the British capital attractive to the eyes of investors and property managers, many of whom are trying to make the most out of the fact that overall prices still remain well below the peak they reached in 2007. During the past three months, average values for commercial property in London have been 31 per cent lower than in 2007. Return rates on investment for all types of commercial property have hovered around the 15 per cent mark, a slightly higher figure than the one experienced during the first half of the year. The commercial property market in London remains largely dominated by overseas investors, who currently have a 57 per cent market share, followed by UK institutions and property firms. Read on for more details on the market's performance during the third quarter of 2014.
The London Office Market Q3 2014
On the whole, the cost of office space in central London is currently 4 per cent below its 2007 record high values. Having said that, it is important to note that some areas within central London have managed to return to or even exceed their pre-recession values. This is the case of offices in the West End, whose value increased by 5 per cent during the third quarter of this year. At the end of August 2014, office take-up rates in London were 17 per cent higher than during the previous year.
The latest data also show that the gap in prices between primary and secondary office stock in the city has been consistently narrowing down over the past quarter. Moderate rental growth is now evident across most city locations. However moderate, rental value increases and rising occupation costs have led more than 40 corporate occupiers to relocate from West End core offices to cheaper properties in areas like Midtown, the South Bank, or the city fringe. Year-on-year rental growth values are now 9.8 per cent higher in Midtown properties (which have been clearly outperforming those in other areas) and 7.3 per cent higher in city fringe locations.
Another trend worth mentioning is the significant number of central London offices that have been earmarked for conversion into residential properties. In the West End alone, more than 800,000 square feet of office space are set to be re-developed into residential floorspace within the next few years. It is expected that this trend will continue, as during the past three months consent has been granted to dozens of planning applications that will result in office-to-residential conversions. Continue reading "Overview of London's Commercial Property Market – 3rd Quarter 2014" →
Sustainable Office Practices
In a world that is increasingly dependent on technology, offices of all sizes use a lot of natural resources. From electricity through to water, businesses across the UK are now striving to reduce their carbon emissions by cutting down on their resource usage. Far from making life difficult, there are a few approaches business owners can take to give the planet a helping hand, while doing their bank balance a favour.
Encouraging Sustainability with the Latest Technology
There was once a time when paper was unavoidable, but today it's unnecessary to use it when it comes to most documents. Shifting most of your office's important notices to the digital world reduces the amount of paper you use. Some software even allows you to add digital signatures to documents, which in turn means you don't miss out on important contracts.
While focusing on digital documents only might seem like a hassle at first, it's worth considering the amount of time it will save. Whether you're working from Microsoft Word or using emails, search functions allow yourself and your employees to find essential keywords, without having to read a document in its entirety. Naturally, there will be times when using paper is still necessary. If this happens, focus on making the most of shredders and recycling whenever you can. The paper you recycle may later be used as a commodity for other businesses.
Efficient Water Practices for Offices
Most offices now have water coolers, and while they act as a great source of hydration and somewhere for employees to gather and converse, they also power through one of the world's most important resources. It would be unreasonable to expect any office manager to do away with their water cooler completely. You can, however, choose to use a reverse osmosis system instead. Reverse osmosis water coolers recycle water that may not otherwise be used due to lack of freshness.
In addition to reducing the amount of water you waste, a reverse osmosis system also buys into the government's Waste and Resources Action Program (WRAP), which has been implemented to ensure businesses use natural resources efficiently. Continue reading "Sustainable Office Practices" →
The Importance of Taking a Holiday
According to the World Health Organization, nearly 60 per cent of the world's workers spend a third of their lives at work, and this makes it pretty easy to understand where the expression 'working your life away" comes from. Some countries are particularly notorious for their hard-working ethics, and irrespective of nationality, the majority of people take pride in working hard and accomplishing objectives at work.
But is that all there is to life? Certainly not, and this is why concepts like the 'work-life balance' have become an important part of our vocabulary over the past few years. Achieving that balance involves taking time off every now and then, and whereas the majority of us look forward to our holidays, some workers may feel reluctant to taking time off. If this sounds like you, read through this post to find out the many different ways in which taking a holiday is beneficial.
The importance of taking time off work
Work plays an important role in our psychological and emotional development. Having a defined role allows us to develop a sense of identity, gives structure to our lives, and more importantly, pays our bills, or at least gives us some degree of financial independence. But if work is so good, why do we dread it so much?
You must keep in mind that there is a fine line between routine, demotivation, and stress. Performing the same activity in the same environment week after week is mentally taxing and it can easily lead to occupational burnout. It is important to note that burnout doesn't happen overnight. It is a sad fact that many people fail to recognise stress because unconsciously they have learnt that being stressed is their natural or normal state. In fact, many employees dismiss its symptoms and attribute them to 'being tired' or 'having the Monday Blues'. The symptoms worsen quickly, leading to fatigue, irritability, lack of concentration, and being prone to disease. Continue reading "The Importance of Taking a Holiday" →
London is Ahead of California for Tech Growth
For several years, London has been considered one of the world's most prosperous technology hubs. Silicon Roundabout, Tech City, and Old Street are now firmly established in the global digital scene and can compete with other successful technology centres, mainly with California's Silicon Valley. However, and despite the fact that London's Tech City is a relatively new project, it seems that the London tech scene is growing at a faster pace than California. A report published in June 2014 confirmed this trend, and in this post we take a closer look at the facts and implications of the unmatched growth experienced by the British capital's technology sector.
London's tech sector has quickly caught up with California: learn all the details
The regeneration of the Old Street and the surrounding areas and its subsequent transformation into a leading business district has been hailed as a successful economic growth strategy right from the start. According to a 2013 report published by the Cabinet's Office, between 2009 and 2012 the number of tech firms based in this area increased by an astonishing 76 per cent, bringing the total number of tech companies in London to over 88,000. Success is also measured by the industry's contribution to the capital's economy. In this respect, London's Tech City is also a winner, as it has been estimated that nearly 27 per cent of the city's total job growth is generated by the capital's tech sector. All in all, this industry employs more than 582,000 people across London. Continue reading "London is Ahead of California for Tech Growth" →
London's Technology Sector is Boosted by 2000 New Apprentices
It is no secret that the London tech industry is one of the most important economic drivers of growth in the British capital. While other industry sectors are still struggling to overcome the negative effects caused by the recession, the technology sector is alive and kicking. This industry is certainly swimming against the flow, and instead of downsizing or cutting down on personnel, many tech firms are actually creating new and much-needed job opportunities. A few weeks ago, some of the most important players in the tech sector announced that they were ready to take on nearly 2,000 apprentices. But before we delve into the details of this announcement, let us take a look at the most recent performance of the capital's tech industry.
A quick overview of the tech sector in London
Over the past decade, London has managed to establish itself as one of the world's top tech hubs. What initially began as a small cluster of tech companies around Old Street has now become the European equivalent of Silicon Valley. Today, more than 5,000 tech companies are located in London's Tech City, and many more are constantly being set up in other areas of the British capital. A recent Oxford Economics report has shown that the tech industry is expected to experience annual growth levels of more than 5 per cent during the next decade, bringing its total value to over £12 billion.
Growth in this sector is being driven by partnerships between top-class educational and research institutions, entrepreneurs, and investors. As a result, training and education are becoming crucial growth factors in this sector, so the recently announced large apprentice intake should not come as a surprise.
Continue reading "London's Technology Sector is Boosted by 2000 New Apprentices" →


> out to stop progress or hold the project back.
because I don't want to come across as making personal attacks.
> Unfortunately, we're all under fire here.
doubt that he will, but it's not going to be easy, either on him, or on us.


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ig电子竞技下注
A career in public service can be rewarding. A doctor of public administration can put you in the driver's seat to shift out of public service and into service to the field as an educator. This list of 6 cheap online doctorates in public administration can help you find the program that suits your interests and your bottom line.
Only a limited number of doctorate in public administration degree programs are available in the digital realm. Thus it was just not possible to compile a pool of options large enough to justify a multifactorial scoring of colleges and universities that would be based on specific considerations.
Instead, the programs were ranked according to their affordability. See below, the best cheap doctorates in public administration degrees online, ranked from most to least expensive, according to their per credit hour online rate, along with several very useful facts about each individual program.
1 Capella University Minneapolis, MN
2 Northcentral University San Diego, CA
3 Saybrook University Oakland, CA
4 Union Institute and University Cincinnati, OH
5 Valdosta State University Valdosta, GA
6 West Chester University of Pennsylvania West Chester, PA
Capella University has an online doctor of public administration that is a 74 quarter credit program to holders of applicable master's degrees. With a student to faculty ratio of 22 to 1, coursework for this program includes strategic management and policy analysis. Capella University charges an online graduate tuition rate of $697 per credit hour for this program. The school is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and ig电子竞技(新疆)结果视频.
Northcentral University
Northcentral University has an online doctor of philosophy in public administration that is a 60 credit hour program open to applicants with an accredited master's degree. With a student to faculty ratio of 1 to 1, the program includes coursework in administrative law and the US federal government system. Northcentral University charges an online graduate tuition rate of $1,251 per credit hour for this program. The school is accredited by the Western Association of ig电子竞技(新疆)结果视频 and Colleges, Senior College and University Commission.
Saybrook University
Saybrook University has an online doctor of philosophy in transformative social change that is a 68-83 credit hour program. The school includes courses in the program such as social system transformation theory and globalism and power. Saybrook University charges an online graduate tuition rate of $1,470 per credit hour for this program. The school is accredited by the Western Association of ig电子竞技(新疆)结果视频 and Colleges, Senior College and University Commission.
Union Institute and University
Union Institute and University has an online doctor of philosophy in interdisciplinary studies, public policy and social change major that is a 66 credit hour program that can be completed in less than four years. With a student to faculty ratio of 8 to 1, the program includes coursework such as critical perspectives in health policy and education law. Union Institute and University charges an online graduate tuition rate of $1,154 per credit hour for this program. The school is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of ig电子竞技(新疆)结果视频 and Colleges.
Valdosta State University has an online doctor of public administration that is a 54 credit hour program that includes coursework in management and communication. With a student to faculty ratio of 20 to 1, the program offers more than a dozen specializations. Valdosta State University charges an online out of state graduate tuition rate of $505.50 per credit hour for this program. The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and ig电子竞技(新疆)结果视频, Commission on Colleges.
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
West Chester University of Pennsylvania has an online doctor of public administration that is a 43 credit hour program that includes coursework in financial decision making and policy analysis. With a student to faculty ratio of 19 to 1, the program offers four specializations, public policy, and administration, criminal justice, geography and planning, and graduate social work. West Chester University of Pennsylvania charges an online out of state graduate tuition rate of $510 per credit hour for this program. The school is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
This concludes the list of 6 cheap online doctorates in public administration.
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to strengthen the connectivity and bond of the students among themselves and with the Government Degree College (Men) Srikakulam as well as to augment the reputation of the Institution.
supports public relation of the Government Degree College (Men) Srikakulam.
awards prize for outstanding students and support the developmental activities of the college.
maintains a fund for students in distress.
The Association meets annually and discusses the future course of action. The alumni association members include notable citizens in Srikakulam Town, doctors, advocates, chartered accountants, philanthropists, businessmen and many present faculty members of the college including the present Principal Dr. M. Babu Rao.
The present executive committee of the Alumni Association is working since 2017.
Prof. H. Lajapathirai, former Vice Chancellor Dr. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam.
Sri. Dr. Justice G. Yathirajulu,Former Judge of Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad.


Sweet and Spicy Peppadew Jam adds a nice kick to these lean bison burgers. Top them with a sunny-side-up egg and you have one of the best burgers in town. Your taste buds will thank you!
Hamburgers, in general, are an American icon in the food realm. And hands down, this Bison Burger with Peppadew Jam is one of my all time favorites. I have to warn you though, it's messy. Like all "over your face" kinda messy. But of course, I wouldn't have it any other way.
The ground bison is healthier than regular ground beef. I choose bison because it is leaner than regular beef and therefore has fewer calories and fat. Bison is more flavorful, has a sweeter taste and is not gamey. Because of federal and industry regulations, most bison are raised in the US without antibiotics or hormones, which in my book is always the way to go.
A sunny-side-up egg on top the patty adds both texture and taste to the entire burger. There's something about a runny yolk dripping down the side of a juicy burger that makes it irresistible.
Peppadew jam is the crowning jewel of this burger and brings a depth of sweet and spicy. This alone, in my opinion, is what truly makes this burger stand out beyond the rest.
Bison in times past was considered exotic meat that you could only find in exquisite restaurants. But now you can pretty much find it in any natural grocery store. I picked up this ground bison at Sprouts but I'm sure you could grab it at Whole Foods, Trader Joes or Nature's Own Health Food Store.
Because this burger has so many components with the fried egg and peppadew jam, I wanted to season the ground meat very simply with only kosher salt and freshly ground pepper. I used 1 teaspoon of salt and 1/2 teaspoon of pepper for each pound of meat.
Bison, in particular, is very lean meat and has little moisture, therefore fry or grill it on a lower heat setting. I used a cast iron griddle and started the temperature out at medium-high heat in order to get the bottom of my skillet nice and hot. I then turned it down to medium before I put the burgers in. This way, I was able to get a good sear to begin with.
Don't overcook the burgers. Medium is the best internal temperature for these burgers (145°F). If you cook them any longer they become dry and tough. I pan "grilled" these 1/2 pound patties for 4 minutes on one side, flipped them over and cook for 4-5 minutes on the other side.
These are wonderful to throw on the grill also especially during the summer months when you don't want to heat up your kitchen. Preheat the grill on the medium-high heat setting and follow the directions just like if you were to cook them in the skillet (above).
Start with a large non-stick skillet that gives plenty of room for the eggs to not run into each other. A well-seasoned cast iron skillet works great. Also, these egg rings (pictured above) are perfect for cooking individual eggs. One of my least-expensive, most favored kitchen gadgets.
Heat the skillet over medium until hot. Add 2 tablespoons of butter to the skillet, crack each egg separately into the egg rings, turn down the heat to medium-low. As the eggs are cooking, spoon some of the hot butter over the egg whites, avoiding the yolks though. Continue until the whites are cooked through and no longer opaque.
Peppadew jam is one of the easiest condiments to prepare and it's what makes this burger THE BEST. It's simply a jar of sweet chili Sauce combined with 1 1/2 cups chopped peppadew peppers and simmered for about 20 minutes. I purchased Frank's Red Hot Sweet Chili Sauce at the grocery store for just a little over $3.
You can find peppadew peppers in the olive bin of most grocery stores. They are little round red peppers about the size of a large cherry tomato. They add a sweet, spicy and tangy essence to the jam.
A toasted bun with grill marks. I brushed each cut side of the bun with olive oil and placed them on a hot (medium heat) cast iron griddle and cooked until the bun became a beautiful golden brown.
Next, I added a couple of leaves of butter lettuce to the bottom bun. Butter lettuce is tender but durable for this hearty burger. But you can use anything you like, spinach, romaine, etc.
The star of the show, 1/2 pound bison patty, is perfectly placed on top of the lettuce.
A slice of pepper jack cheese. Pepper Jack is flavored with Jalapeño and Habaño peppers and is the best choice for this burger. The added heat compliments the sweet and spicy jam. Pepper jack is semi-soft and creamy so it melts perfectly over the patty.
Sunny-side-up egg tops the patty.
And then, of course, the sweet and spicy peppadew jam for indulging. Lots of jam. You want it all over your face when you're done.
The Top bun completes this masterpiece. And there you have it – the BEST BURGER IN TOWN!! Guaranteed. At least I think so.
Since Game Day and/or Tailgating season is upon us, you could make these into mini bison burgers for the perfect sliders. Serve them on a platter, watch the game with your friends and wait for all the cheers that are about to come your way.
Please check out some other great game-day ideas.
Mini Taco Wonton Cups, Slow Cooker Pulled Pork Sandwiches (make these as sliders), Loaded Potato Skins, Parmesan Chicken Bites. Click on each of these for some fabulous recipes.
If you want a really good cocktail to go with all the cheers, check out my Peach Bourbon Cocktail. It's fantastic.
Another idea for sweet and spicy peppadew jam is Chicken and Waffles.
Combine ground bison, salt, and pepper and make into 1/2 pound patties.
Heat a cast iron griddle over medium-high heat until very hot. Add the patties and turn the heat down to medium.
Cook on one side for 4 minutes to get a good sear. Turn the patties over and cook for an additional 4-5 minutes until the internal temperature reaches 145°F.
Remove the patties onto a plate and cover with foil to keep warm.
Brush the cut side of each hamburger bun with olive oil. Place cut side down in the cast iron griddle. Toast until golden brown.
Layer the bottom bun, 2 lettuce leaves, bison patty, pepper jack cheese, sunny-side-up egg and 2 heaping tablespoons of peppadew jam.
Because this burger has so many components with the fried egg and peppadew jam, Season the ground meat very simply with only kosher salt (1 tsp per pound) and freshly ground pepper (1/2 tsp per pound).
Bison, in particular, is a very lean meat and has little moisture, therefore fry or grill it on a lower heat setting. Get the griddle very hot over medium-high heat first. After you place the bison patties in, turn it down to medium. This will give an initial good sear but will continue at a moderate temperature.
Don't overcook the burgers. Medium is the best internal temperature for these burgers (145°F). If you cook them any longer they become dry and tough. Because these are thick burgers, I cooked for 4 minutes on one side, and 4-5 minutes on the other. If you use 4 or 6 ounces patties, you will cook them less.
The Perfect Sunny-Side-Up Egg. Use a non-stick pan or a well-seasoned cast iron skillet. Heat the skillet over medium until hot, add 2 tablespoons butter, crack each egg into the skillet and turn down the heat to medium-low. Spoon the butter over the egg whites while avoiding the yolk. Continue until the whites are cooked through and no longer opaque.
Peppadew Jam. In a small pan, combine the 1/2 cup chopped peppadews, 1 12 ounce jar ofSweet Chili Sauce. Bring to a soft boil over medium-high heat. Turn the heat down and simmer for 20 minutes until peppers become soft and the sauce becomes thick. Set aside to cool.
I'm not a huge burger fan, but I'd certainly eat this one! I love all of the components of it. And I know where to order bison!
Thanks so much Mimi. The peppadew jam is what really makes the burger.
Wow! Talk about flavor on top of flavor on top of flavor! This sounds A-mazing 🙂 I have to make this peppadew jam!
Thanks Carrie! The peppadew jam is ridiculously good and quite addictive! Hope you enjoy!