text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

Over the past decades, boron, the left neighbor of carbon in the periodic table, has been expected to form various boron nanostructures, such as zero-dimensional all-boron fullerene-like cage cluster $B_{40}$~\cite{mannix2015synthesis,Gonzalez2007prl,Gonzalez2007nrl}, 1D boron nanowires and nanotubes~\cite{Otten2002,F.Liu-nanowire,Ciuparu2004,F.Liu2010}, double-ring tubular structures~\cite{Kiran2005,Oger2007,An2006} and 3D superhard boron phases~\cite{Eremets2001}, at the past decade. Among these mono-elemental structures graphene-like 2D structure of boron, known as borophene has attracted considerable attention both theoretically and experimentally, due to its exceptional properties and promising applications in nanoelectronics~\cite{H.Liu13,X.Wu12,Y.Liu13,Z.Zhang15}.

\par
Theoretical investigations indicate that due to the electrons in Fermi surface arising from the hybridized states of the $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds, 2D boron structure may be a pure single-element intrinsic superconducting material with the highest $T_c$ (higher than the liquid hydrogen temperature), on conditions without high pressure and external strain which can be modified by strain and doping~\cite{Penev-NL16,M.Gao,RC.Xiao}.

Several types of borophene have been synthesized on Ag(111)~\cite{mannix2015synthesis,ZZhang,BFeng,BFeng2}. A similar striped phase, named as $\beta_{12}$ borophene, has an essentially flat structure that weakly interacts with the Ag(111) substrate. In particular, the existence of the Dirac cones with ultrahigh Fermi velocity, in $\beta_{12}$ borophene clearly proved using the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiment as well as by first-principles calculations~\cite{Boro}.

\par
This novel two-dimensional material was first proposed by Boustani, who predicted that the quasi-planar 2D boron sheet could be constructed from a basic unit of puckered $B_7$ cluster by using the systematic ab initio density functional method $B_7$ cluster~\cite{Boustani1,Boustani2}.
The first experimental evidence of the atomic-thin boron sheets was performed by Piazza { \it et al.} in the planar $B_{36}$ cluster with a central hexagonal hole~\cite{Piazza14}.

As proposed by Tang and Ismail-Beigi, the mixed hexagonal-triangular 2D boron sheet ($\alpha$-borophene) was thought to be more stable than one composed only of buckled triangular motifs~\cite{Tang2007,Tang2009,Tang2010}.
Using the first-principle particle-swarm optimization global algorithm, Zeng's group showed that another two flat monolayers as $\alpha_1$-borophene and $\beta_1$-borophene, are energetically most stable 2D boron structures among the state-of-the-art 2D structures of boron~\cite{X.Wu2012}.

\par
Recently, a new type of 2D boron Polymorph with an orthorhombic 8-$ Pmmn $ symmetry group, has been predicted to be more stable than the $\alpha$-borophene, that exhibits anisotropic tilted Dirac cones~\cite{zhou2014semimetallic}. A first-principles study reveals that borophene is the first known materials with high-frequency plasmons in the visible spectrum~\cite{Sadrzadeh-NL12}.
Furthermore, in this borophene polymorph the anisotropic plasmon modes remain undamped for higher energies along the mirror symmetry direction, in which the anisotropic Friedel oscillation behaves like $r^{-3}$ in the large-$r$ limit~\cite{Sadhukhan2017}.

\par
However, theoretical calculations show that due to the imaginary frequencies in its phononic dispersion, the Free-standing 2D borophene ($B_8$) is unstable against long-wavelength periodic vibrations~\cite{Xu16,Jena2017}, needing a substrate to be stabilized. A feasible and effective method to dynamically stable borophene, is the chemical functionalization using surface hydrogenation. First-principles calculations of Xu {\it et al.} show that the fully hydrogenation of borophene, called borophane ($B_2H_2$), is a viable method to stabilize borophene in the vacuum without a substrate~\cite{Xu16}. It has also been predicted in this work that borophane has a remarkable Fermi velocity which is nearly four times higher than that of graphene.

An {\it et al.} using first-principles density functional theory plus the non-equilibrium Green's function approach, demonstrated that borophane displays a huge electrical and mechanical anisotropy. Along the valley-parallel direction (armchair), the 2D borophane exhibits a metallic treatment with a linear current-voltage curve, in contrast to the perpendicular buckled direction (zigzag), that shows off a semiconductor behavior ~\cite{Anpccp2018}.

Similar to hydrogenated graphene, borophene is capable of forming various two-dimensional allotropes due to its valency. Only one case has been reported in literature as far as our knowledge, the chair-like borophane, named C-boropane.
It is intriguing to know, whether there are other metastable allotropes with novel electronic characteristics?

Very recently, in a comprehensive study~\cite{WangSci16}, the likely formation of borophane with a focused on the structural stability of borophane allotropes, has been provided, based on the first principles calculations. The crystal structure of seven allotropes of borophane, namely Plane-Square-type borophane (PS-borophane), Plane-Triangle-type borophane (PT-borophane), Chair-like borophane (C-borophane), Boat-like borophane (B-borophane), Twist-Chair-Boat-type borophane (TCB-borophane), Triangle-type borophane (T-borophane) and Washboard-like borophane (W-borophane), were identified in this paper~\cite{WangSci16}. The results show that the charge transfer from B atoms to H atoms is crucial for stability of an borophane allotrope. W-borophane, the most stable allotrope of the hydrogenated borophene, has energy about 113.41 meV per atom, lower than that of C-borophane ~\cite{WangRSC17}.

\par
Thermoelectric materials, based on a fundamental interplay between their electronic and thermal performance, have attracted much interest for energy efficient device applications~\cite{Dresselhaus93, Harman, Venkatasubramanian, Arita, Hamada, Zide, Wei, Zuev, Kato, Buscema, Konabe1}. The efficiency of the refrigeration or power generation devices is characterized by a dimensionless figure of merit ${\it ZT}=\frac{\sigma\mathcal{S}^{2}}{\mathcal{K}}T$, in which $\sigma,\mathcal{K}$ and $\mathcal{S}$ are electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), respectively and $T$ is absolute temperature. The small thermal conductivity and relatively high thermopower and electrical conductivity are required for high-efficiency thermoelectric materials. Even if the Seebeck coefficient becomes large, a heat current inevitably accompanies a temperature gradient and thus makes a tradeoff.

Therefore, a great deal of efforts has been carried out to improve the thermoelectric performance through balancing these interdependent thermoelectric parameters. There are completely different routes to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit, which are tailoring to improve the power factor ($\sigma\mathcal{S}^{2}$) and lowering the thermal conductivity.

A hallmark of the thermoelectric materials study came actually from the pioneering work~\cite{Dresselhausprb47-93-1}, proposing that nanostructuring materials may enhance thermoelectric efficiency, due to the sharp-peaked electronic density of states (DOS) in low-dimensional materials~\cite{Dresselhausprb47-93-1, Bilc}. The Seebeck coefficient, which depends on logarithmic derivative of DOS, is significantly enhanced in 2D materials and hence, the thermoelectric efficiency increases ~\cite{Mahan}.
This seminal work of the thermoelectric materials could be an important starting point for today's achievements. Due to the decreased thermal conductivity caused by phonon boundary scattering and consequently, improved figure of merit on quantum confinements in low dimensional systems, ${\it ZT}$ values become dramatically larger than the corresponding bulk materials.

Using energy filtering proposal, the Seebeck coefficient increases by introducing a strongly energy-dependent scattering mechanism
~\cite{Mahan, Neophytou, Fomin, Zianni}.
Other useful methods are also used for enhancing thermoelectric performance. The use of band structure engineering~\cite{Heremanssci08,Liu-Zhao-APL08} in conjunction with nanostructuring, to lower the thermal conductivity, could further enhance figure of merit of thermoelectric materials.
It is known that quantum confinement of carriers in bulk samples, containing nanostructured constituents~\cite{Dresselhaus07}, quantum-well super-lattices ~\cite{Dresselhausprb47-93-1}, as well as quantum-wires~\cite{Dresselhausprb47-93-2}, will enhance thermoelectric efficiency in order to promote the more widespread use of thermoelectric materials.

According to a comprehensive review on the thermoelectric materials~\cite{Xiao-npj18}, among the well-known thermoelectric materials, PbTe is distinguished as a very promising compound for power generation at intermediate-temperature range (500-900 K), successfully served in several NASA space missions~\cite{LaLonde}.
At near room temperatures (300–500 K), appropriate thermoelectric candidates are (Bi, Sb)$_2$(Se,Te)$_3$-based alloys and MgAgSb alloys, while at high temperature (>900 K), half-Heusler (HH) alloys, (Pr, La)$_3$ Te$_4$, SiGe, and Yb$_{14}$ Mn Sb$_{11}$, are very promising candidates~\cite{Xiao-npj18}.
Another important thermoelectric materials are doped narrow-gap semiconductors~\cite{Arita, Hamada, Zide}, PbTe(1.5$~$nm)/Pb$_{0.927}$Eu$_{0.073}$Te(45~nm), multiple quantum well~\cite{Dresselhausprb47-93-1, Harman} and Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$~\cite{Venkatasubramanian}.

Recent advances in fabrication technologies have made exploring two-dimensional materials possible for thermoelectric applications~\cite{Wei, Zuev, Kato, Buscema, Konabe1}.

As already pointed out, semi-metals with large electron-hole asymmetry can be considered as an important strategy for strong enhancement of the thermoelectric coefficients~\cite{Markov-scr18}. Moreover, motivated by the great interest in search of thermoelectric Dirac materials, the knowledge of thermoelectric efficiency of borophane is crucial for its application in potential thermal management devices. However, to our best knowledge, answers to these question is still lacking.

\par
In this paper, with a view to investigate the effect of various impurities on the thermoelectric performance of borophane, a Dirac semi-metals with a large electron-hole asymmetry, we perform a systematic study on the electrical and thermal transport in borophane, by means of the Boltzmann transport equation.
We first propose an accurate low-energy model Hamiltonian for borophane, then, the electronic contribution to the thermoelectric transport of the monolayer borophane is investigated. We consider a monolayer borophane in diffusive transport regime in the $x$–$y$ plane, driven by a lattice temperature gradient ${\vec{\nabla }}T$ and an electric field ${\vec{\mathcal{E}}}$. The generalized Boltzmann transport equation is applied to obtain the conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and the figure of merit, by considering the various types of resistive scattering potentials, (1) the short-range (SR) potential, (2) the long-range (LR) Coulomb potential, with a Thomas- Fermi screening as the source of scattering and (3) the impurities containing short-range electric and ferromagnetically ordered magnetic potentials, called electro-magnetic (SREM) scatterers. At low temperature elastic scattering becomes the dominant mechanism as inelastic scattering is strongly suppressed. In this work our focus is on elastic scattering and therefore, with good approximation, intervalley scattering (interband processes) is neglected ~\cite{E.H.Hwang08}.

\par
Our calculations show that although the electrical conductivity of borophane is highly anisotropic, but the Seebeck coefficient and the corresponding figure of merit, irrespective of the underlying scattering mechanisms, are isotropic. Interestingly, for the short-range scatters, just like graphene, the short-range conductivities of borophane have constant values (independent of the chemical potential), that are $\sigma_{xx}=250 \ e^2/h$ and $\sigma_{yy}=33 \ e^2/h$, at $T=20\, {\rm K}$, along the armchair and zigzag direction, respectively. As a measure of thermoelectric efficiency, the figure of merit, reaches to about $2.75$ and $1$, at $T\sim20 \, {\rm K}$ and room temperature ($T=300\, {\rm K}$), respectively. We also investigate the effect of the magnetic scatters on thermoelectric transport coefficients. The conductivities of the SREM scatterers have a linear dependence on the doping levels. These results propose that borophane could be a promising material for the thermoelectric applications.

\par
The paper is organized as follows. In Sec.~\ref{sec:model}, at first the model Hamiltonian and lattice structure of borophane is introduced and then the method which is used to calculate the conductivity and thermoelectric coefficients using the generalized Boltzmann method, is explained. In Sec.~\ref{sec:results}, we present and describe our numerical results from the exact calculations for the conductivity and thermoelectric coefficients for borophane. Finally, we conclude and summarize our main results in Sec.~\ref{sec:concl}.

\section{Model Hamiltonian of borophene}\label{sec:model}
In the following sections, we consider a monolayer of borophane at low temperature. The Bravais lattice constants of the conventional orthorhombic unit cell (contains  four atoms, as seen in Fig.~\ref{lattice} ) of the buckled crystal structures of borophene and borophane, are $a = 1.62$ \AA~, $b = 2.85$\AA~ and $a = 1.92$ \AA~, $b= 2.81$ \AA~, respectively~\cite{Piazza14,Xu16,Tang2007}. Notice that the buckling height of $h= 0.96$ \AA~ in borophene reduces to $h= 0.81$ \AA, upon hydrogen adsorption in borophane~\cite{Padilhapccp16}.

In combination with first-principles calculations and starting from the simplified linear combination of atomic orbitals approach , M. Nakhaee {\it et al.} have constructed a tight-binding model in the two-centre approximation for borophene and borophane~\cite{Peeters-Hamilton}. The Slater and Koster approach is applied to calculate the TB coefficients of these two systems.

Our starting point is the low-energy continuum Hamiltonian for borophane ~\cite{Peeters-Hamilton}, that describes an anisotropic and tilted Dirac crossing along the $ \Gamma $-X direction in the rectangular Brillouin zone. In the vicinity of two nonequivalent Dirac points ${\bf K}_D=(\pm 0.64,0)$\AA$^{-1}$ ~\cite{zabolotskiy2016strain,Peeters-Hamilton,Sadhukhan2017,Ezawa2017,Islam2017}

\begin{equation}
H = \hbar v_{x} k_{x}\sigma_{x} + \hbar v_{y}k_{y} \sigma_{y} + \hbar v_{t}k_{x} \sigma_{0}.
\label{boeqn}
\end{equation}

Here, $\sigma_{x},\sigma_{y} $ are the Pauli matrices for the pseudospin representing the lattice degree of freedom while $ \sigma_{0} $ is the $ 2 \times 2 $ identity matrix. Typical values of the direction-dependent velocities, in units of $\left(\times 10^{5}\,m/s \right)$, are $ v_{x} = 19.58 $, $ v_{y} = 6.32 $, and $ v_{t} = -5.06 $. The corresponding energy dispersion of the Hamiltonian Eq. (\ref{boeqn}), is analytically given by
\begin{equation}
E^{\tau}\left(k\right) = \hbar v_{t}k_{x}+\tau \hbar\sqrt{v_{x}^{2}k_{x}^{2} + v_{y}^{2}k_{y}^{2}},
\label{diseq}
\end{equation}

in which $\tau=$1(-1) denotes the conduction (valence) band in borophane dispersion. Isoenergy contour map of the electronic band structure of borophane in the $k-$space for $E(\vec{k}_{\rm F})=-0.5$ to $0.5$ eV, is shown in Fig.\ref{energyDispersion}(a).

\par
Since several works on electronic properties of the 8-$ Pmmn $ borophene and borophane are available, a proper comparison with those results seems to be in order. Recent investigations, based on an {\it ab initio} evolutionary structure calculations~\cite{X.-F.Zhou2016}, show that the Fermi velocity value of the Dirac fermions in borophene is $v_F^x=0.56\times 10^{6}\,m/s $ in the $k_x$ direction, while for the $k_y$ direction it has two values of $v_F^y=0.46 \times 10^{6}\,m/s $ and $1.16 \times 10^{6}\,m/s $. For borophane, in the $k_x$ direction, the predicted Fermi velocities are $v_F^x=1.74$ and $0.97$, both in units of ($10^{6}\,m/s $). These values of the Fermi velocity are reported also in Ref.~\cite{zhou2014semimetallic}. It is worthwhile to mention that the predictive values of velocities $v_F^x, v_F^y$, were evaluated via the slope of the bands in the $k_x$ and $k_y$ directions, respectively by the formula $v_F=E(k)/\hbar k$.

In a comprehensive study, Feng \textit{et al.} ~\cite{Boro} based on tight-binding analysis revealed that the Fermi velocities in borophene are approximately $v_F^x=6.1$ eV and $v_F^y=7.0$ eV \AA, which are close to the Fermi velocity of graphene ($v_F=6.6$ eV \AA). These values also confirmed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations~\cite{Boro}.

As previously mentioned, the first principle calculations show that the same pair of Dirac cones, is revealed for $\beta_{12}/Ag(111)$~\cite{Boro}. The calculated Fermi velocity for $\beta_{12}/Ag(111)$ is approximately $v_F=3.5$ eV \AA, which is in the same order of magnitude as the experimental value. The difference between the theoretical and experimental values might originate from the many-body interactions~\cite{Boro}.

A cat's-cradle-like topological semimetal phase which looks like multiple hourglasslike band structures staggered together, was discovered by Fan \textit{et al.}~\cite{X.Fan2018}. An original effective Hamiltonian based on $k.p$ approximation was extracted for monolayer borophene and borophane, the first material class to realize such a semimetal phase, including the SOC effects.
In this work, with a comprehensive investigation of topological properties  ~\cite{X.Fan2018}, by fitting the $k.p$ model with the DFT results, the corresponding Fermi velocities for Dirac fermions are evaluated to be $v_F^x=8.0$, $v_F^y=5.2$, $v_t=3.4$, for monolayer borophene and $v_F^x=13.9$, $v_F^y=7.7$, $v_t=3.5$, for monolayer borophane, respectively, all in units of ($10^{5}\,m/s $).

Zabolotskiy \textit{et al.} ~\cite{zabolotskiy2016strain} have developed a tight-binding model Hamiltonian for a 2D Dirac semimetal 8-$ Pmmn $ borophene, evaluated in Ref.~\cite{zhou2014semimetallic}. In this work, the Hamiltonian parameters were found from a fit to the DFT data and the resulting electronic structure reproduces the main features of the DFT band structure, including the Dirac points at the Fermi level.
Within their model Hamiltonian, the velocities $v_x,v_y,v_{t}$ in vicinity to the K point are given by the following expressions

\begin{eqnarray}
&v_\mathrm{t} = -\frac{\partial^2P/\partial k_y\partial E}{\partial^2P/\partial E^2},\nonumber\\
v_x^2 &=-\frac{\partial^2P/\partial k_x^2}{\partial^2P/\partial E^2},\quad
v_y^2 = v_\mathrm{t}^2-\frac{\partial^2P/\partial k_y^2}{\partial^2P/\partial E^2};\\
&\frac{\partial E}{\partial k_x}=\pm v_x,\quad \frac{\partial E}{ \partial k_y}=\pm v_y+v_\mathrm{t}. \label{slopes}
\label{}
\end{eqnarray}

 where $P=P(E,\mathbf{k})$ is the characteristic polynomial for energy $E$ and momentum $\mathbf{k}$, and $E=E(\mathbf{k})$ is the eigenvalue.
The three velocities are given by $\{v_x,v_y,v_\mathrm{t}\}$=$\{0.86,0.69,0.32\}$ $\times10^6  m/s$  ~\cite{zabolotskiy2016strain}.

Cheng \textit{et al.} ~\cite{T.Cheng17}, developed an effective Hamiltonian around the Dirac point, to a linear term of the wave vector, and obtained an analytical formula for prediction of the intrinsic carrier mobility in 2D materials with tilted Dirac cones and combine it with first-principles calculations to determine the properties of semimetallic borophene and borophane.
Their predicted velocities in  8-$ Pmmn $ borophene are $v_F^x=7.85$, and $v_F^y= 5.34$, and for monolayer borophane, they are  $v_F^x=13.48$, $v_F^y= 7.7$, along the x and y directions, respectively, and the tilting velocities are  $v_t=-3.45$, and $v_t=-3.86$ in 8-$ Pmmn $ borophene and borophane, respectively. Note that the all velocities are in units of ($10^{5}\,m/s $).

The contour lines are drawn at $0.05$ eV intervals in both electron (solid-navy) and hole-doped cases (dashed-green).We demonstrate the band dispersion of borophane (Eq.\ref{diseq}) in Fig.~\ref{dispersion}, where we have compared our used model Hamiltonian (Eq.\ref{boeqn}) with that calculations, based on the density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function approaches~\cite{Anpccp2018}, the so-called NEGF-DFT method.

The corresponding eigenfunction for the Dirac electrons is given by the following equation

\begin{equation}\label{wave}
\psi^{\tau}({\vec{k}})=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2A}}\left[\begin{array}[c]{c}
                                   \tau e^{-i\beta_{\vec{k}}}\\
                                   1
                                  \end{array}\right]e^{i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r}},
\end{equation}
where $A$ is the system area and $\beta_{k}=\tan^{-1}\left[ v_y k_y/v_x k_x \right]$.

Furthermore, By invoking the band energy dispersion given by Eq. (\ref{diseq}), the $x$ and $y$ components of the velocity can be calculated as
\begin{eqnarray}
v_{x}^{\tau}(k)&=&v_{t}+\tau \frac{v_x^{2}k_x}{\sqrt{v_x^{2}k_x^2+v_y^{2}k_2^2}}\\
v_{y}^{\tau}(k)&=&\tau \frac{v_y^{2}k_y}{\sqrt{v_x^{2}k_x^2+v_y^{2}k_2^2}}
\end{eqnarray}

The density of states (DOS) can be obtained by solving the following equation

\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq-54}
 D(\varepsilon) &=& \displaystyle \frac{1}{(2\pi)^2} \int_0^\infty k'\, dk'
  \delta(\varepsilon-\varepsilon_{\vec{k}'})
\end{eqnarray}

Performing this integral over energy, one finds the following expansion for the density of states:

\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq-54}
  D(\varepsilon) =  \frac{k^{\tau}(\varepsilon,\phi) }{v_t\cos(\phi) + \sqrt{v_x^2 \cos^2(\phi)+ v_y^2 \sin^2(\phi)}}
\end{eqnarray}

where $\phi=\tan^{-1}(k_y/k_x)$ and the wave vector $ k^{\tau}(\varepsilon,\phi)$ is given by

\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq-54}
 k^{\tau}(\varepsilon,\phi) =\varepsilon  \frac{-2 v_t\cos(\phi) +\tau \sqrt{2}\sqrt{ v_x^2 +  v_y^2 +  (v_x^2-  v_y^2) \cos(2\phi)}}{v_x^2 + v_y^2 - v_t^2 + (v_x^2 - v_y^2 - v_t^2) \cos(2\phi)}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}

Interestingly, similar to the low-energy DOS of graphene, DOS of borophane has the well-known linear form, as shown in Fig.\ref{energyDispersion}(b).
In this figure, also the DOS of graphene (dashed-green) is plotted by setting $v_x=v_y=1\times10^{6}\,m/s $ and $v_t=0$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{lattice}
\caption{(Color online) Schematic drawing of the optimized ground-state structure of borophane lattice, with top (left panel) and side view (right panel). The unit cell is marked with a yellow rectangle, contains two boron (B) atoms and two hydrogen (H) atoms and the basic vectors of the primitive unit cell are indicated by the yellow arrows. The green and white balls represent B and H atoms, respectively. The buckling height is denoted by h.}
\label{lattice}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{fig-dis}
\caption{(Color online)  The band structure of borophane in the first Brillouin zone along the $\Gamma-X$ direction. We have compared our used model Hamiltonian (Eq.\ref{boeqn}) with the calculations, based on the density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function approaches~\cite{Anpccp2018}.}\label{fig-dis}
\label{dispersion}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3.5in]{fig1}
\includegraphics[width=3.5in]{fig-dos}
\caption{(Color online) (a) Isoenergy contour map of the electronic band structure of borophane in the $k-$space for
$E(\vec{k}_{\rm F})=-0.5$ to $0.5$ eV. The contour lines are drawn at $0.05$ eV intervals in both the electron(solid-navy) and hole (dashed-green) doped cases. (b) Density of states (DOS) calculated for monolayer borophane (solid-navy) and graphene (dashed-green).}
\label{energyDispersion}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Anisotropic transport framework}

In this section, we present our main formalism for the numerical evaluation of the thermoelectric coefficients of borophane, in the diffusive regime, using the generalized semiclassical Boltzmann equation.
In particular, we take into account three important cases of short-range impurities with Dirac delta potential (\textit{e.g.}, defects or neutral adatoms), the long-range Coulomb impurities and finally the electro-magnetic scatterers, containing short-range electric and ferromagnetically ordered magnetic potentials. Electrical conductance, thermal conductance, Seebeck coefficient, and thermoelectric figure of merit ({\it ZT}) of borophane in the presence of both the electric field and the temperature gradient will be studied.

In order to calculate the transport coefficients, we use the following expression for the charge current ${\bf j}$ and energy flux density ${\bf j}^{q}$
\begin{eqnarray}
\left[\begin{array}{c}
{\bf j}  \\
{\bf j}^{q}
\end{array}
\right]=\int\frac{d^2k}{(2\pi)^2}
\left[\begin{array}{c}
-e  \\ \varepsilon({\vec{k}})-\mu
\end{array}
\right]{ v(\vec{k})} f({\vec{k}})
\label{currents}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${ v(\vec{k})} =v(\phi)(\cos\xi, \sin\xi)$ is the semiclassical velocity of the carriers, which is related to the energy dispersion
$\varepsilon_{\vec{k}}$ through ${\bf v}=(1/\hbar)\nabla_{\vec{k}}\varepsilon_{{\vec{k}}}$ . $f({\vec{k}})$, is the nonequilibrium quantum distribution function, describes the evolution of the charge distribution in the presence of thermoelectric forces, must be computed from the Boltzmann equation. $\xi$ is the angle of the velocity vector with respect to $x$ axis.
For this purpose, we take the Boltzmann equation up to a linear order in the presence of thermoelectric forces

\begin{eqnarray}
&&\hspace*{-10pt}\left(-e{\vec{\mathcal{E}}}+\frac{\varepsilon-\mu}{T}{\vec \nabla} T\right)\cdot{\vec{v}}({\vec{k}})\left[-\partial_{\varepsilon}f^{0}(\varepsilon_{{\vec{k}}})\right]=\left(\frac{df}{dt}\right)_{{\rm coll.}}
\label{2dani}
\end{eqnarray}
where $w({\vec{k}},{\vec{k}'})$ is the scattering rate from state ${\vec{k}}$ to state ${\vec{k}'}$ which needs to be specified according to the microscopic origin of the scattering mechanisms and $f^{0}$ is the equilibrium distribution function.

The collision integral is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\frac{df}{dt}\right)_{{\rm coll.}}=\int\frac{d^2k'}{(2\pi)^2}w({\vec{k}},{\vec{k}'})\left[f({\vec{k}},{\vec{\mathcal{E}}}, T)-f({\vec{k}'}, {\vec{\mathcal{E}}}, T)\right]\nonumber\\
\label{eq4}
\end{eqnarray}

Using the relaxation time approximation, the nonequilibrium distribution function cannot be exactly calculated and provides an inadequate explanation for the full aspects of the anisotropic features of the transport properties.

In the next section, we have implemented an approach for finding the exact solution to the linear-response Boltzmann equation for two dimensional anisotropic systems~\cite{Vyborny, bzare2016, Faridi,moslem-bp2}. Within the lowest order of the Born approximation, the scattering rates $w({\vec{k}},{\vec{k}'})$, using the Fermi golden rule are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
w({\vec{k}}, {\vec{k}'})=\frac{2\pi}{\hbar}n_{{\rm imp}}\big\vert\langle {\vec{k}'}|\hat{V}|{\vec{k}'}\rangle\big\vert^2 \delta(\varepsilon_{\vec{k}}-\varepsilon_{\vec{k}'})
\end{eqnarray}

where $n_{{\rm imp}}$ is the background random-charged impurity density and $\hat{V}_{{\vec{k}}-{\vec{k}'}}$ is the Fourier transformation of the interaction potential between an electron and a single impurity.

The short-ranged impurities are approximated with a zero-range hard-core potential $\hat{V}_{{\vec{k}}-{\vec{k}'}}=V_{0}$, while the long-ranged electron-electron Coulomb potential, owing to the charged impurities, is screened by other electrons of the system, according to the Thomas-Fermi approximation.

By invoking the expression for $f(\theta, \phi)$ into Eq. (\ref{currents}) for the charge and heat currents, the response matrix, which relates the resulting generalized currents to the driving forces, can be expressed in terms of some kinetic coefficients $\mathcal{L}^{\alpha}$ as the following \cite{moslem-bp2},
\begin{eqnarray}
\begin{pmatrix}
{\bf j} \\  {\bf j}^{q}
\end{pmatrix}=
\begin{pmatrix}
\mathcal{L}^{0} & -\mathcal{L}^{1}/eT\\
\mathcal{L}^{1}/e & -\mathcal{L}^{2}/e^{2}T
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
{\vec{\mathcal{E}}} \\ -{\vec{\mathcal{\nabla}}} T
\end{pmatrix}
\label{eqbolt}
\end{eqnarray}

in which the two diagonal terms in coefficients matrix are the electrical $\sigma$ and thermal $\mathcal{K}$ conductivities, and the two off-diagonal elements  are the mixed coefficients, relating electrical and thermal phenomena through the Onsager's reciprocity relations. The thermoelectric power (or Seebeck coefficient) $\mathcal{S}=-\frac{1}{eT}(\mathcal{L}^{0})^{-1}\cdot\mathcal{L}^{1}$, describes the voltage generation due to the temperature gradient while Peltier coefficient $\Pi=T\mathcal{S}$ accounts for the heat current induction due to the charge current, respectively.
The ability of a given material to efficiently produce thermoelectric power is related to its dimensionless figure of merit. By parameterizing ${\vec{\mathcal{E}}}$ and $\vec{k}$, as ${\vec{\mathcal{E}}}=\mathcal{E}(\cos\theta, \sin\theta)$, ${\vec k}=k(\cos\phi, \sin\phi)$, respectively, all of the coefficients obey the relation
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:L}
\mathcal{L}^{\alpha}(\theta, \theta')=\int d\varepsilon\left[\frac{-\partial f_{0}}{\partial\varepsilon}\right](\varepsilon-\mu)^{\alpha}\sigma(\varepsilon; \theta, \theta')\label{cond_ene}
\end{eqnarray}

in which, in the linear response theory, the generalized conductivity $\sigma(\varepsilon; \theta, \theta')$ is defined as,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:sigma}
\sigma(\varepsilon; \theta, \theta')&=&e^{2}\int\frac{d^{2}k}{(2\pi)^{2}}\delta\left(\varepsilon-\varepsilon(\vec{k})\right) v^2(\phi)\nonumber\\
&&\quad\left[a(\phi)\cos\theta+b(\phi)\sin\theta\right]\cos(\theta-\xi(\phi))\qquad
\end{eqnarray}
with $\theta=\theta^{\prime}=0$ for $\sigma_{xx}$ and $\theta=\theta^{\prime}=\pi/2$ for $\sigma_{yy}$. We focus here on low enough temperatures, where only electrons contribute effectively in thermal transport and disregard phonon contribution.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{fig2}
\caption{(Color online) The conductivity of monolayer borophane as a function of the chemical potential $\mu$, in the presence of long-range impurity potential along the $x$ ($\sigma_{xx}$), and $y$ ($\sigma_{yy}$), directions. The conductivity of the graphene is also shown.}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{fig3}
\caption{(Color online)
The electrical conductivity of borophane along the $x$ ($\sigma_{xx}$), and $y$ ($\sigma_{yy}$), directions as a function of chemical potential $\mu$, in the presence of short-range electro-magnetic scatterers for $\alpha=0.5$. The conductivity of graphene is also shown.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Electro-magnetic scatterers}

In this section, we expand our theoretical analysis to a scattering by magnetic impurities seated on the surface of borophane. Magnetic scattering in dilute charged magnetic impurities, containing short-range electric and ferromagnetically ordered magnetic potentials, whose magnetic moments are along the $i$-th direction, is described using the operator $\hat{V}=V_0 (\alpha + \sigma_i) $ \cite{Rushforth:2007_a,Rushforth:2007_b}, where the dimensionless quantity $\alpha$ is the ratio of the electric and magnetic parts of the impurity potential for an electro-magnetic scatterer.
Considering scattering off a $\delta$-scatterer potential of $\hat{V}$, the matrix elements of $\hat{V}/V_0$ in the basis~(\ref{wave}) can be calculated as follows

\begin{eqnarray*}
\vert\langle {\vec{k}}'|\hat{V}/V_0^x|{\vec{k}}\rangle\big\vert &=&
  \frac{1}{2}\big[\alpha(1+e^{i(\beta_{k'}-\beta_k)})+e^{i\beta_{k'}} + e^{-i\beta_k}\big],\\
\vert\langle {\vec{k}}'|\hat{V}/V_0^y|{\vec{k}}\rangle\big\vert &=&
  \frac{1}{2}\big[\alpha+e^{-i\beta_k}(i+\alpha e^{i\beta_{k'}})-i\cos\beta_{k'}+\sin\beta_k \big],\\
\vert\langle {\vec{k}}'|\hat{V}/V_0^z|{\vec{k}}\rangle\big\vert &=&
  \frac{1}{2}\big[(1+\alpha)e^{i(\beta_{k'}-\beta_k)}+\alpha-1\big],\\
\end{eqnarray*}
It is straightforward to show that the coefficients $ a(\phi), b(\phi)$, corresponding to the electro-magnetic scatterers, in the conductivity formula (Eq.\ref{eq:sigma}), are obtained as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq-13}
  a(\phi)&=& \frac{2}{3\pi K}\cos\phi, \nonumber\\
  b(\phi)&=& \frac{2}{\pi K}\sin\phi,
\end{eqnarray}
where the prefactor $K$, can be obtained from the Fermi's golden rule as

\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq-38}
   K = w(\phi,\phi')|\langle \vec{k}'|\hat{V}/V_0| \vec{k}\rangle|^{-2}\,.
\end{eqnarray}
  in which
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq-38}
  w(\phi,\phi')= \displaystyle
  \frac{1}{(2\pi)^2}\int_0^\infty k'\, dk' w(\vec{k},\vec{k}'),
\end{eqnarray}

Finally from the calculated expressions of $ a(\phi)$ and $b(\phi)$ via Eq.~\ref{eq-13} and using the Boltzmann Eq.~\ref{2dani}, we obtain the following form for the non-equilibrium distribution function;

\begin{equation}\label{eq-14}
  f(\phi,\theta)\!=\!f_0 - ev{\cal E}(-\partial_\epsilon f_0) \frac{2}{\pi K}
  \bigg[\frac{1}{3}\cos\theta\cos\phi + \sin\theta\sin\phi\bigg]\,.
\end{equation}

The Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) effect is the difference in electrical conductivities, depending on whether the scatterer's magnetic moments are parallel or anti-parallel to the direction of the current, that is defined as follows

\begin{equation}\label{eq-19}
  \mbox{AMR} = \frac{\sigma_{xx}-\sigma_{yy}}{\sigma_{xx}+\sigma_{yy}}
\end{equation}

Interestingly, for each value of $\alpha$, the AMR is constant and is chemical potential independent for both $n$ and $p$ doped borophane. For example for $\alpha=0.5$, AMR is about $0.805$.

\section{Numerical Results and Discussion}\label{sec:results}

In this section, our numerical results for the thermoelectric transport in borophane are presented. It should be noted that, except for Fig.~\ref{fig9} (that is related to the room temperature figure of merit) we set $T=20 \, K$ in all calculated quantities.
Using the semiclassical Boltzmann approach, we investigate the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient ($\mathcal{S}$), and its corresponding figure of merit ${\it ZT}$, considering the various types of resistive scattering
potential, such as (1) the short-range potential, (2) long-range charge-charge Coulomb potential, with a Thomas- Fermi screening as the source of scattering and (3) impurities containing short-range electric and ferromagnetically ordered magnetic potentials, the electro-magnetic scatterers. It is important to emphasize that this semiclassical theory is valid only in a dilute impurity concentration regime {\it i.e.} when the impurities concentration is much smaller than the charge carriers concentration. Moreover, to ensure that the diluteness criteria is satisfied, the impurities concentration $n_{{\rm imp}}=10^{10}{\rm m^{-2}}$ (corresponding to the chemical potential of approximately $\mu\sim3\times10^{-8}~e{\rm V}$), is considered.

It is worthwhile to mention that the other essential criteria for utilizing the Boltzmann equation are as follows: Particles might interact via binary collisions, impurity density is low in terms of the charge carriers, external fields might have short-range frequencies and all collisions are elastic and involve only uncorrelated particles.
Here, we notice that using the lattice symmetry, the orientations of the two principal lattice axes, which were generally referred to as the armchair ($x$) and zigzag ($y$) axes, are considered.
\par
Due to the fact that the long-range charge-impurity Coulomb interaction is mostly the dominant scatterers in samples, here we consider the Coulomb interaction. To this end, we use an interaction potential, as is commonly used for a 2D electron gas, given by the static Thomas-Fermi (TF) screening type~\cite{ando}
\begin{eqnarray}
V_{{\vec{k}}- {\vec{k}}'}=2\pi e^{2}/[\epsilon(\vert{\vec{k}}-{\vec{k}}'\vert+q_{_{{\rm TF}}})],
\end{eqnarray}
where $q_{_{{\rm TF}}}=2\pi e^{2}D(E)/\epsilon$ is the Thomas-Fermi screening vector with the density of states of the system, $D(E)$.
We assume that the scattering charge centers are at the SiO$_{2}$-borophane interface, thus we use the dielectric constant of this common substrate which is about $\epsilon=2.45$. Meanwhile, we note that we set $T\sim20~{\rm K}$ in all calculated quantities.

In Fig. (\ref{fig3}), the conductivity of borophane (in units of $e^2/h$) as a function of the chemical potential $\mu$, is plotted in the presence of LR potential, along the $x$ ($\sigma_{xx}$), and $y$ ($\sigma_{yy}$), directions. The conductivity of graphene is also shown.
As can be seen, a significant orientation dependent electrical conductivity is observed, where the conductivity in the armchair direction $\sigma_{xx}$ is more than the zigzag conductivity $\sigma_{yy}$. On the other hand, contrary to the electron-hole asymmetry in borophane, its electron-hole conductivity is nearly symmetric. We should mention that at very low temperatures the variation of thermal conductivity will be similar to the charge conductivity $\mathcal{K}\approx (\pi^{2}/3)k_{{\rm B}}T \sigma$ with the Boltzmann constant $k_{{\rm B}}$.

\par
The electrical conductivity of borophane along the zigzag ($\sigma_{yy}$), and armchair ($\sigma_{xx}$), directions versus the chemical potential, in the presence of short-range electro-magnetic scatterers is shown in the figure (\ref{fig4}). In this figure $\alpha=0.5$ and $V_{{\vec{k}}- {\vec{k}}'}=V_{0}=1000~e{\rm V}$\AA$^{2}$~\cite{sarma}. The conductivity of graphene is also shown. As can be seen, the overall energy dependence is the same as LR impurity scattering.

Importantly, the anisotropy ratio of the conductivities ($\sigma_{xx}/\sigma_{yy}$), for both LR and SREM scatters has constant values of $7.67$ and $9.27$, respectively that are independent of chemical potential.
We compare our numerical results with those obtained for monolayer phosphorene ~\cite{Liuprb16}, a highly unique anisotropic 2D material, in the case that $d = 0$, where $d$ is the out-of-plane vertical distance between the charged impurity and monolayer phosphorene. Obtained anisotropic ratio decreases with increasing doping level, varies from 7 to 1.5, depending on the values of $d$ and $n$, the electron (or hole) density. For uniformly distributed impurities in the phosphorene, the anisotropy ratios varies from 3.5 to 4. Meanwhile, our previous work reveals that the anisotropy ratio of the phosphorene conductivities changes from $3$ to $7$ for electrons, in the presence of SR and LR potentials, respectively~\cite{moslem-bp2}, also reported in Refs.~\cite{Luonatcom15,Xianatcom14}.
Thus, in comparison to phosphorene (with a maximum value of 7 for the anisotropy ratio of conductivities ), borophane with a high anisotropy ratio of about $10$, is an unprecedented anisotropic material.

To the best of our knowledge, there is still no experimental probe about the thermoelectric effects in borophane for now. But there are some theoretical studies exploring the electrical and thermal conductivities of borophane~\cite{Sun18,Padilhapccp16,T.Cheng17} . Our numerical calculations have been faithfully confirmed by several research groups.

Based on the first-principles calculations, and according to the I-V curves, J. Sun {\it et al.}~\cite{Sun18} argued that the electrical conductivity in the armchair direction is greater than that of the zigzag direction ($\sigma_{xx}>\sigma_{yy}$).
This directional dependency of the electric conductivity of borophane also reported in Ref.~\cite{Padilhapccp16}.
Our findings is fully consistent, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with those obtained in Refs.~\cite{Sun18,Padilhapccp16}.

Let us here, compare our results for the short- range and long-range scatterers in borophane with those in graphene.
In a comparative study of the conductivity of graphene, in the tight-binding Landauer approach and on the basis of the Boltzmann equation, it has been argued by J. W. Klos, { \it et al.}~\cite{Klos} that in the case of short-range scattering, the electrical conductivity of graphene is independent of the chemical potential. It is worth to emphasize that for the short-range scatters, just like graphene, the short-range conductivities of borophane are the constant values (independent of the chemical potential),that are $\sigma_{xx}=250\ e^2/h$ and $\sigma_{yy}=33\ e^2/h$, along the armchair and zigzag direction, respectively at $T\sim20={\rm K}$.
In the case of long-range conductivity, our finding also is in a good agreement with the majority of experimental findings~\cite{SarmaRev}.

\par
As a more feasible quantity in the real experiments, the variation of the Seebeck coefficients $\mathcal{S}$, with chemical potential $\mu$, in the presence of LR and SREM potentials is obtained, shown in Fig. (\ref{fig7}). In convention, the sign of the Seebeck coefficient is the sign of the potential of the cold end with respect to the hot end of the temperature gradient. Thus a negative charge thermopower is obtained for when the Fermi energy lies in the conduction band because thermally activated electrons move along the temperature gradient which results in a charge accumulation gradient in the opposite direction due to the negative charge, however, thermally activated holes in the valence band lead to a positive thermopower.
An important feature of the borophane thermopower is its isotropic behavior of three times lower in the SREM scatterers compared to the LR scatterers.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{fig4}
\caption{(Color online) Seebeck coefficient of borophane as a function of chemical potential $\mu$, in the presence of short-
and long-range Coulomb potentials. Despite the type of the impurity scatterers, the Seebeck coefficients are completely isotropic for both directions.}
\label{fig7}
\end{figure}

Moreover, the figure of merit ${\it ZT}$ is depicted as a function of the chemical potential $\mu$, for both LR and SREM scatterers in Fig.\ref{fig8}. Our findings reveal that, in contrast to highly anisotropic electrical and thermal conductivities, the Seebeck coefficient and its corresponding thermoelectric figures of merit are completely isotropic, consistent with the isotropic thermopower and figures of merit in phosphorene, which has a highly anisotropic conductivity~\cite{Faghaninia,moslem-bp2,moslem-stt}. Interestingly, the figure of merit attains its maximum value around the charge neutral point as can be seen in Fig.\ref{fig8}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{fig5}
\caption{(Color online) The variation of corresponding figures of merit as a function of chemical potential $\mu$, in the presence of long-range charge impurity and electro-magnetic scatterers. Figures of merit are also nearly isotropic.}
\label{fig8}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=9.5cm]{fig6}
\caption{(Color online) The variation of room temperature figures of merit along the armchair and zigzag directions as a function of chemical potential $\mu$, in the presence of long-range and short-range electro-magnetic impurity potential. The effect of both electron and phonon contribution in the thermal conductivity ($\mathcal{K}_{{\rm tot}}=\mathcal{K}_{{\rm el}}+\mathcal{K}_{{\rm ph}}$) is considered. Phonon contribution of the thermal conductivity is $\sim 150$ and $\sim 267$ Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ along the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively.}
\label{fig9}
\end{figure}

\subsection{ The phonon contribution to the intrinsic resistivity and figure of merit }\label{sec:concl}
Subsequently, we look into the contributions of phonon to the intrinsic resistivity of borophane. For a better understanding, we review the phonon-limited resistivity in metals, graphene and borophene and other 2D materials.
According to the kinetic theory for semiconductors and insulators, heat is mainly carried by phonons- the propagating local distortions of the crystal ~\cite{Ziman}.

In the metals at room temperature, the scattering of electrons by phonons is typically the dominant source of resistivity. At temperatures greater than the Debye temperature $\theta_D$, upon which all phonons are excited to scatter carriers, the electrical resistivity is proportional to temperature and for the temperatures below the Debye temperature, the phonon modes begin to freeze out and the resistivity drops much more rapidly whereas for a three-dimensional metal is expected to drop as $\rho (T)\propto T^5$ and for a two-dimensional metal varies as $\rho (T)	\propto T^4$, the so-called Bloch-Grüneisen regime ~\cite{Bloch30,Gruneisen}.

For a semimetal with a small cylindrical Fermi surface, at intermediate $T$, there is a temperature window in which the resistivity varies purely as $\rho (T)	\propto T^2$, arises from the anisotropy of the Fermi-surface.
As reported in Ref.~\cite{Zhang-Angew18}, only the electron/hole pocket at the center of the Brillouin zone is mainly responsible for the intrinsic transport properties.
Although the electron pockets in borophane are ellipsoids, the same physics that yields the unusual resistivity for a cylindrical Fermi surface also applies to an ellipsoid~\cite{Kukkonen49}.

Previous theoretical and experimental studies ~\cite{Hwang08prl,Efetov10}, show that the intrinsic electrical resistivity of graphene, arising from electron-phonon interactions, is proportional to $\rho (T)	\propto T^4$ at low temperatures (reflecting the 2D nature of the electrons and the acoustic phonons in graphene), while varies linearly with $T$ at high temperatures $\rho (T) \propto T$, (a semiclassical behavior), that is independent of doping. It is worth mentioning that, graphene has a Debye temperature $\theta_D=$2300 K, approximately an order of magnitude higher than for typical metallic materials.
The Debye temperature of borophene have reported as 863.86 K and 2000 K ~\cite{H.Zhounpj,H.Zhounpj,Toheiphon}, which is much higher than that of monolayer $MoS_2$ (262.3 K)~\cite{PengRSC16} and black phosphorene (500 K)~\cite{JainSci15}, but lower than that of graphene.
It is firmly believed that~\cite{Zhang-Angew18} for all the 2D boron allotropes, the Debye temperature is about $\theta_D=$1700 K which corresponds to the highest phonon energy $\sim$1200 $cm^{-1} $.

A quadratic dispersion acoustic branch is always present on suspended few-layer systems, having a strong impact on the calculated thermal conductivity of some 2D systems.
The theoretical and experimental observations reveal that the thermal conductivity of 2D materials is highly sensitive to the crystal structure in addition to the physical factors including the atomic masses, width dependence, edge chirality, roughness, hydrogen passivation etc, giving rise to a large gap between the theoretically obtained results and the experimental data.

To explore the thermal conductivity of infinitely large 2D crystals through the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation (PBTE), rigorously one needs to employ either the iterative approach ~\cite{Omini,Broido} or a variational method ~\cite{Fugallo13,Fugallo14}.
Therefore, the study of thermal conductivity of borophane has been limited to just numerical simulations.

The small atomic mass of Boron atoms in borophene causes a strong electron-phonon coupling.
Different from graphene, the absolute value of the phonon resistivity ($\rho_{e-ph}$) of borophene is highly sensitive to external carrier densities, because  an ultrahigh doping level in graphene leads to a negligible variation in $\rho_{e-ph}$. Furthermore, the resistivity is highly dependent on the different two-Dimensional boron Polymorphs and the $\rho_{e-ph}$ of various polymorphs of borophene can be greatly varied by carrier concentration. To our knowledge, experimental or theoretical investigations on the phononic transport properties of borophene are still lacking.

It would be also worthwhile to mention that due to the strong bonding in borophene and borophane, Debye temperature in these systems has a high value about 2000 K ~\cite{H.Zhounpj,Toheiphon}. Therefore, the room temperature (300K) can be considered as low with respect to high Debye temperature in boron allotropes, and therefore, lattice vibrations should be treated quantum-mechanically. As a result, the phonon population is low at room temperature, due to the high Debye temperature of borophane, which suppresses the possibility of phonon-phonon inelastic scattering events. Furthermore, as material or device dimensions decrease, in particular, when the length scale is comparable or smaller than the phonon mean free path, the inelastic scattering will be further suppressed. Thus, the thermal transport is quasi-ballistic or ballistic, which cannot be explained by phonon diffusion theory.

Moreover, the study of these materials necessarily requires the incorporation of quantum effects into thermal transport analysis.
Therefore, it is difficult to directly estimate the behavior of the electrical conductivity and thus ZT of borophane with temperature.
The phonon contribution of the thermal conductivity can only affect the figure of merit, and the Seebeck coefficient and power factor $\mathcal{S}^2\sigma$ is not altered by the presence of the phonons~\cite{moslem-bp2}. At high temperatures, the phonon becomes important but it only results in the overall decline of the figures of merit, without affecting their qualitative behavior. Due to the fact that the thermal conductivity is approximately independent of doping~\cite{moslem-bp2,moslem-physicac}, by using the room temperature contribution of the phonons in the thermal conductivity of borophane with ($\mathcal{K}_{{\rm ph}}\sim$ $150$ and $\sim 267$ Wm $^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ along the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively~\cite{Wangpccp16}), we estimate the figure of merit of borophane at room temperature.

In Fig. (\ref{fig9}), the room temperature ($T=300$~K) figure of merit versus the chemical potential $\mu$, is plotted in the presence of LR and SRMG scatterers, along the zigzag (${\it ZT}_{yy}$) and armchair (${\it ZT}_{xx}$) directions. Notice also that the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity is obtained numerically from Eq. (\ref{eq:L}).
It can be seen that just like the low temperature figure of merit, the room temperature figure of merit is completely isotropic. Compared with graphene, a high value ${\it ZT}$ of about $1$ can be achieved in a monolayer borophane at room temperature.

As already pointed out, semi-metals with large electron-hole asymmetry can be considered as an important strategy for strong enhancement of the thermoelectric
coefficients~\cite{Markov-scr18}. Similarly, borophane as a semi-metals with the large electron-hole asymmetry, attains high value of ${\it ZT}$ at room temperature (${\it ZT}\sim 1$).

\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:concl}

In conclusion, we have investigated the impact of impurity scattering on charge carrier transport in an anisotropic Dirac system, using the generalized Boltzmann approach. As a case study, we have investigated the thermoelectric performance of borophane, a new monolayer Dirac semimetal with two tilted and anisotropic Dirac cones, in the diffusive transport regime. At low temperature elastic scattering becomes the dominant mechanism as inelastic scattering is strongly suppressed. In this work our focus is on elastic scattering and therefore, with good approximation, intervalley scattering (interband processes) is neglected. Electron scattering from the various impurities located at the surface of a monolayer borophane, is different for massless fermions with tilted Dirac cone.
Finding the exact solution to the linear-response Boltzmann equation, the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties of borophane in the presence of the short-range, long-range charged impurity and the short-range electro-magnetic scatterers were studied.
Contrary to the electron-hole asymmetry in borophane, its electron-hole conductivity is nearly symmetric. Interestingly, for the short-range scatters, just like graphene, the short-range conductivities of borophane are the constant values and does not depend on the chemical potential. The conductivities of the SREM scatterers have a linear dependence on the doping levels.

We explained the effect of the chemical potential on the thermoelectric properties of borophane. We demonstrated that, regardless of the impurity type, the electric conductivity of borophane was highly anisotropic, while the Seebeck coefficient and figure of merit (${\it ZT}$) were nearly isotropic.
The anisotropy ratio of the conductivities ($\sigma_{xx}/\sigma_{yy}$) for both the long-range and short-range magnetic impurities were constant values of around $7.67$ and $9.27$, respectively.
Along with the ambipolar nature of the borophane thermopower, it was found to have a large thermoelectric figure of merit of about ${\it ZT}=2.75$ and ${\it ZT}=1$, at low temperature ($T\sim20~{\rm K}$) and room temperature, respectively, due to the large asymmetry between electrons and holes in borophane.
More importantly, borophane attained its maximum value of ${\it ZT}$ at very low chemical potentials, in the vicinity of the charge neutrality point.
In comparison to phosphorene (a highly unique anisotropic 2D material) borophane with a high anisotropy ratio of about $10$, is an unprecedented anisotropic material. This high anisotropy ratio together with the large figure of merit, suggest that borophane is promising for the thermoelectric applications and transport switching in the Dirac transport channels.
The results found are in good agreement with recent theoretical and experimental data on borophane samples, and elucidate the role of the different phonon modes in limiting electron mobility.

\section{acknowledgments}
This work was partially supported by Iran Science Elites Federation.

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"Try to imagine how you would live if a disaster wiped out the electricity and water systems serving your home — no showers, no lights, no water to drink and minimal access to heat and food supplies. Sitting in my warm living room in Chicago, I find it hard to imagine — yet people I care about are living in this state of emergency right now. Not in Haiti, but here in the U.S., in South Dakota.
You might not know it from the disappointing lack of media attention to this disaster in our own country, but the Cheyenne River Reservation in north central South Dakota declared a state of emergency in late January after a series of brutal snow and ice storms felled thousands of power lines. The reservation is larger than Connecticut and Rhode Island combined, and as many as 9,000 members of the Lakota Sioux tribe as well as their non-American-Indian neighbors on the sprawling land may still be in need of water or power for weeks to come as local leaders scramble to find heat and food supplies.
Each year, Loyola sends a group of student volunteers to the reservation to build much-needed, affordable housing for the local branch of Habitat for Humanity, known as Okiciyapi Tipi. Last May, I was one of those students. And when I got an e-mail last week from the organization's director, my heart broke.
"For people who already are considered the poorest of the poor this has become that straw that broke the camel's back," Okiciyapi Tipi Executive Director Jerry Farlee wrote. "It has never been this severe in our oldest residents' memory.""


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Close-up of a sunflower with a bee on the center against a blurred background.


text:
Rev. John Shirk Shortle
Rev. John Shortle passed away while surrounded by family on Monday, November 15, 2021 at the Groton Community Health Care Center in Groton, NY. He was born on August 17, 1946 in Greencastle, IN, to the late Marguerite and John S. Shortle, Sr. He was also preceded in death by his siblings, Susan Shortle, Sarah Nimick, and Sam Shortle. He is survived by his wife of 49 years, Joan Shortle; daughters, Cassandra (Robert Gaylor), Allegra (Jesse Lloyd), and Johannah (Mark Alo); and grandchildren, Dorian Lloyd, Taavo Gaylor, and Elora Alo. Other surviving family members include siblings, Sylvia Bergen, David Shortle (Carole), and Margie Shortle (John). He deeply loved his family and will be greatly missed by all.
John received his Master of Divinity degree in 1973 from Colgate Rochester Divinity School in Rochester, NY. After graduation, he served as a minister in United Methodist churches in the Upper New York and Indiana Conferences. He also served as a chaplain in several prisons. He retired from the ministry in 2007 but continued to serve Finger Lakes area churches part-time. He was a dedicated minister who guided his parishioners with wisdom, love, and compassion.
After retirement, John was an active member of the Ithaca community, volunteering with the Tompkins County Democratic Committee, participating in continuing education classes at the Lifelong Community Center, and helping in other areas of need. He was passionate about films and literature.
Funeral services will be private. In lieu of flowers, contributions in John's name may be directed to the Food Bank of the Southern Tier, 388 Upper Oakwood Avenue, Elmira, NY 14903 (www.foodbankst.org).
To order memorial trees in memory of Rev. John Shirk Shortle, please visit our tree store.
Make a donation to Food Bank of the Southern Tier in memory of Rev. John Shirk Shortle

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text:
Q: VB.NET TimeOfDay without Date I'm trying to show the time of day using the computer's clock, but in the previous time zone (i.e. -1 hour).
I've been doing it this way:
        Dim Tneg1 As String = Now.AddHours(-1)
    lblClock.Text = UTCneg1

Where Tneg1 is a variable to represent the time with 1 hour subtracted.
However, using the Now property shows both the date and the hh:mm:ss. I only want the hh:mm:ss. How do I do this?

A: Try this:
Dim OneHourAgo As DateTime
Dim FormattedTime As String

OneHourAgo = Now.AddHours(-1)
FormattedTime = OneHourAgo.ToString("HH:mm:ss")

Debug.Print(FormattedTime)

A:   Dim timeval As DateTime
        Dim newtimeval As String

        timeval = Now.AddHours(-1)
        newtimeval = Format(timeval, "hh:mm:ss")
        MsgBox(newtimeval)

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Sometimes in bed at night, Felix is visited by a friendly little chap called the Worrier. Together, they sit up and worry about all sorts of troublesome things. "You worry too much, my little firefly," says Felix's mummy. But what can Felix do to make the Worrier go away for good?


text:
Q: String appended to File converted to special charecters I am trying to write a some string to a file.
        string lines = "server.1=1.1.1.1:9999\nserver.2=2.2.2.2:8888\n";
        File.AppendAllText(directory_path + "zoo.cfg", lines);

The string printed in the file is

"敳癲牥ㄮㄽㄮㄮㄮ㤺㤹ਹ敳癲牥㈮㈽㈮㈮㈮㠺㠸ਸ"

.
I tried with encoding ASCII,UTF-8,DEFAULT in the File.AppendAllText. But the output is the same.
Environment:

Visual studio 2015, Windows server 2012, .net v4.5

Please let me know what Iam doing wrong?

A: Appending doesn't rewrite the entire file. So, you have to use the same encoding as the existing content.
In general, if you don't know the encoding of text, you might as well not have that text. If someone gave it to you, "send it back." When they send it to you, it has to be accompanied by a mutual understanding of the encoding used. (BTW-It's very unlikely that it would be ASCII. And Encoding.Default is useless from machine to machine or user to user.)
Given the result, it makes complete sense that the file encoding was UTF-16 (Encoding.Unicode). Writing using any other encoding is garbage code.

A: Ok now this is weird. The code given above works perfect on my other machine. But for some reason which i don't know it's not working in my new dev env.
I solved the issue by adding the Encoding.Unicode parameter.
File.AppendAllText(windows_directory_path + "zoo.cfg", lines, Encoding.Unicode);
No idea why Encoding.UTF8/Encoding.ASCII didn't change the format for the resulting string.
Still wondering how same code could behave so differently.
I'm not sure if this is fix or a work around.


text:
THREE TIMES EVIL JEWISH LEADERS FLED
7 January, 2014 By Rev. Ted Pike
Seldom in opposing Jewish supremacist advances do lovers of freedom experience victory. As we begin a new year of anti-Zionist struggle, I hope it will encourage you if I relate three occasions in my career of opposing evil Jewish activism when I believe God gave the forces of truth the upper hand. We can do it again and again if by God's grace we boldly speak out.
In my September 22, 2006 article "Judaism and Homosexuality: A Marriage Made in Hell" I listed the following top executives with Jewish names in the four major U.S. homosexual rights organizations.
The Human Rights Campaign (HRC)
Joe Solomonese, President
Board of Directors: Mike Berman, Marty Lieberman, Andy Linsky, Dana Perlman, Scott Weiner
Lara Schwartz, Senior Counsel
Human Rights Campaign Foundation Board: Jay Oppenheimer, Hilary Rosen, Marty Lieberman, Andrea Sharrin
Board of Governors: Fritz Beesemyer, AJ Bockelman, Cathy Ebert, Don Epstein, Patty Fink, Glen Freedman, Christopher Stenger, Brian Stranghoner, Brian Suber, Michael Lappin, Lisa Zellner, Molli Levin
Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD)
Board of Directors: William Weinberger (Treasurer), Judy Gluckstern (Secretary),
GLAAD Members: Ilene Chaiken, Tanya Grubich, Mark Reisbaum, Carol Rosenfeld, Steve Seidmon, Jeffrey Sosnick, Jeff Soukup, Steven Rozencraft*
Jennifer Oritz, Assoc. Director of Special Events
Jillian Waldman, Major Gifts Officer, LA
Jennifer Glenhorn,* Communications Director
Parents and Families of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG)
Ron Schlittler, Deputy Executive Director
Craig Ziskin, Development Director
Staff Counsel: Lara Schwartz
Directors: Carole Benowitz, Dody Goldstein, David Horowitz, Rebecca Shiff, Daniel Tepfer
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Jeff Soref, Chair
Marsha Botver, Vice Chair
Roberta Achtenberg, Senior Advisor to CEO
Loren S. Ostrow, Attorney
Paula Redd Zenan, Human Resources Commissioner
Michael Aller, Director of Tourism and Convention
Allan Horowitz, Coordinator, Out For Equity Progress
Sandi Greene, Chief Operations Officer
Roberta Sklara, Director of Communications
Monique Hoeflinger, Organizing and Training Director
Becky Levin, Senior Strategist
S. T. Cohen, Phillipe Leber, Alex Breitman, Development Interns
Todd Kimmelman, Shavla Sellars, Major Gift Officers
When this article was posted on dozens of anti-Zionist internet sites, it shone a powerful spotlight on the fact that liberal Judaism, spearheaded by the Anti-Defamation League, is deeply committed to advancement of the homosexual agenda and has promoted sodomy in a sophisticated way. Several years later I revisited these Jewish pro-gay groups, and an astonishing thing had happened. Each had removed persons with Jewish names or features from leadership and staff! Only Joe Solomonese, still heading the Human Rights Campaign, gave any hint that Jews lead major American gay rights activist groups.
I believe pro-gay Jewry did not want leadership of the gay rights movement so graphically revealed and substantiated. Today, a much smaller percentage of recognizably Jewish names and faces are included in top leadership and staff of the above groups. A profusion of other minorities, especially Latinos, occupy top positions. We did not end the central, behind-the-scenes control of Jews over these fronts. But we scored a victory in the inconvenience we caused them in having to massively reorganize, putting gentile puppets in positions Jewish insiders once occupied.
Success Stories in Stopping Jewish Supremacist Corrupters
What does this tell Christian America about how to hold back the tidal wave of sodomy being thrust upon us and our children, largely by Jewish media and pro-gay advocacy groups? Instead of shielding Jewish supremacists as "God's chosen people," Christians should do what the Hebrew prophets, John the Baptist, Jesus, and St. Paul did so powerfully: Rebuke evil Jewish leadership publicly. If wreckers of civilization are exposed, they will pull back. The Jewish community at large may even be inclined to pressure them to desist because they stimulate anti-Semitism and give Judaism a bad name.
In 1988 the National Prayer Network put this strategy of exposing evil Jews into action. Jewish-owned MCA was attempting to push down the throats of Christian America its unprecedentedly blasphemous film The Last Temptation of Christ, which mainstreamed Judaism's Talmudic hate and mockery of Jesus.
Rev. Jerry Falwell publicly warned the Jews of Hollywood that if they did not desist the world might catch on that it was Jews who were trashing Jesus. But we at NPN did much more. I created a flyer, "The Real Reason Behind The Last Temptation" , which revealed the Talmudic blasphemies against Jesus included in the film. (See "'The Last Temptation of Christ' An Unnecessary Disaster in Christian-Jewish Relations")We sent it to 192,000 evangelical pastors in America and received only six critical responses and hundreds of positive ones. So devastating was this thrust for truth that, years later, a national Jewish leader said, "The Last Temptation was the biggest disaster in Jewish/Christian relations in the past century."
Yes, there was a huge outpouring of Christian protest to MCA, and we were grateful for such help. But, as with my expose of Jews controlling gay rights groups, it was our specific, public, and very widespread revelation that Jews were behind The Last Temptation that caused it to become a disaster to liberal Judaism. Without that fact becoming widely known, MCA, contemptuous of Christian protest, would have emerged victorious instead of humiliated. Only our specific identification of Jews behind the film provided the leverage necessary to persuade these hardened blasphemers not to go ahead with an even more sacrilegious sequel; they feared NPN would go after them again.
Here's another example of how naming the Jews corrupting America restrains them. In 2012 Jewish-owned Disney, and its Orthodox Jewish CEO, Robert Iger, as well as three pivotal Jewish producers, launched ABC's Christian-bashing sitcom Good Christian Bitches. There was almost no Christian opposition, but several Christian decency groups protested, primarily through online petitions to sponsors. In contrast, NPN emphasized phoning sponsors and continued to broadcast the names of Jewish corrupters. In 21 internet articles, we vividly described not only GCB's blasphemies but repeatedly reminded Christian Americans that such attack was coming from anti-Christ Jews. Since no one in the religious right was writing internet articles against GCB, ours dominated the search engines - as many as eight out of ten on the first page! Sponsors of GCB, seeing on the internet primarily articles critical of GCB but probably not noticing they came from one source, may have concluded there was massive activism against GCB. As a result, 13 national sponsors dumped GCB. In one of my last articles I warned Disney CEO Iger that if GCB continued for another season I looked forward to further trumpeting the sitcom's Jewish origins. The Hollywood Jews had had enough. Three programs with significantly lower viewership were continued for the following season. GCB was not.
Why Do Jewish Supremacists Corrupt the Nations?
Over the past few weeks hundreds of thousands of Christians petitioned A&E to reinstate Phil Robertson and continue the Duck Dynasty series. They expressed massive agreement with Phil and his family that homosexuality is wrong and that a Christian should not be punished or discriminated against for saying so. Such mass protest was successful. A&E renewed the program.
Yet a Jewish media-abetted tidal wave of homosexuality still overwhelms America. If Christians really want to stem this onslaught, they should not only attempt to embarrass Jewish liberalism but ask: Why are liberal Jews so intent on stimulating and protecting sodomy, the most effective destroyer of nations? Why do such Jews pioneer and promote movements encouraging abortion and Christian-entrapping bias and hate crimes legislation?
The answer is simple. Such Jews believe they have a holy cause. Only by destroying Christian civilization can they achieve what they believe will be a much better, more intelligent, and spiritually enlightened Judaic new world order. It will be a world without war, centered on Hebrew monotheism. Such utopia was envisioned by Israel's first Prime Minister David ben Gurion. He said, "Jerusalem is not the capital of Israel and world Jewry; it aspires to become the spiritual center of the world. . ." (The Jewish Chronicle, London, Dec. 16, 1919)
And in "Look" magazine, January 16, 1962:
The image of the world in 1987 as traced in my imagination: The Cold War will be a thing of the past. Internal pressure of the constantly growing intelligentsia in Russia for more freedom and the pressure of the masses for raising their living standards may lead to a gradual democratization of the Soviet Union. On the other hand, the increasing influence of the workers and farmers, and the rising political importance of men of science, may transform the United States into a welfare state with a planned economy.
Western and Eastern Europe will become a federation of autonomous states having a Socialist and democratic regime. With the exception of the USSR as a federated Eurasian state, ail other continents will become united in a world alliance, at whose disposal will be an international police force. All armies will be abolished, and there will be no more wars.
In Jerusalem, the United Nations (a truly United Nations) will build a Shrine of the Prophets to serve the federated union of all continents; this will be the seat of the Supreme Court of Mankind, to settle all controversies among the federated continents, as prophesied by Isaiah…("Ben-gurion Foresees Gradual Democratization of the Soviet Union," JTA.org)
Jewish Conspirators behind Schedule
Ben Gurion prophesied that by 1987 Jerusalem's ascendance over the nations would be complete. Yet God had other plans. During the mid-1980's, just when Jewish world government was to have been established, articulate voices critical of Jewish supremacism and Israel began to speak out. Vastly empowered by the internet, such exposure of the Zionist conspiracy has now spread to liberal churches and many evangelicals (see "'Many Evangelicals Now Criticize Israel") and is represented in much of academia, manifesting itself strongly on U.S. campuses.
As one of the inner circle of world Zionist conspirators, Ben Gurion expressed their best calculations as to when world takeover would be complete. Now 27 years after that date and despite massive gains, Zionism has brought upon itself colossal military and public relations disasters, turning a once worshipful world largely against Israel.
This is a powerful reminder of the effectiveness of continuing to speak out against Jewish supremacism in the most specific ways: on talk radio, the internet, at church and in other public forums, even if only to one person. We may not be able to keep Babylon the Great from eventually fulfilling its destiny of world control; but, as we boldly speak out, God is showing He can delay it. (See "'Babylon the Great' is Israel")


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Das Dorf Helmershausen ist  ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Rhönblick im Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen in Thüringen.

Geographie
Helmershausen hat etwa 620 Einwohner und liegt im Tal der Herpf, an der Hörbach-Mündung, am Fuße des Gebabergs und des Hutsbergs, auf dem sich die gleichnamige Burgruine befindet. Das Gebiet des Ortes gehört zum Biosphärenreservat Rhön.

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde 856 erstmals urkundlich in einem Schenkungsbrief der Abtei Fulda als "Helmrichshusun" erwähnt. Neben der Abtei Fulda waren auch die Grafen von Henneberg hier begütert. Graf Poppo VI. von Henneberg vertauschte 1181 zwei Talente von seinen hiesigen Einkünften an den Abt von Fulda gegen andere Güter. Am 21. Oktober 1232 schlossen Abt Konrad von Fulda und Graf Poppo VII. von Henneberg einen Vertrag, in dem Hendungen gegen Besitzungen in Helmershausen getauscht wurde. 1317 überließ Graf Berthold VII. von Henneberg-Schleusingen das Gericht Helmershausen dem Abt Heinrich von Fulda gegen das Gericht Roßdorf, das bisher dem fuldischen Provinzialgericht in Dermbach unterworfen war. Die Abtei Fulda erwirkte 1323 von Kaiser Ludwig die Bewidmung des Ortes mit Frankfurter Stadtrecht. Davon erlangten aber nur die Märkte praktische Bedeutung.

Die Abtei Fulda trat den Ort bald darauf an die Herren von Frankenstein ab, die den Ort 1330 wieder an die Henneberger verkauften. Neben diesen Oberherren waren auch noch eine verhältnismäßig große Anzahl Adeliger hier ansässig. Außer dem "Hennebergischen Freihof" am Markt auf dem sogenannten Poppenstein, der zu dem nahen Schloss Hutsburg gehört hatte, befanden sich in Helmershausen fünf Rittersitze:
 1. Das "Schwarze Schloss" "vor dem Kirchhof". Es gehörte den Herren von Erffa, dann den von Heldritt, dann den von Auerochs und ab 1711 den von Wechmar.
 2. Christof von Ostheim hatte mehrere Höfe "bei der Linde" in Besitz ("Gelbes Schloss"). Er verkaufte diese 1599 an die Herren von Zweiffeln. 1696 wurden die Freiherrn von Speßhardt Besitzer, und diese Familie verkaufte die Höfe 1766 der Gemeinde.
 3. Die Herren von Kohlhausen hatten eine Kemenate inne, die zum vor dem Ort gelegenen "Schloss Kohlhausen" (jetzt Wüstung) gehörte. Die Familie erlosch 1566.
 4. Das "Rote Schloss" gehörte denen von Wildungen.
 5. Das "Jägergut".

Helmershausen gehörte zum Hintergericht im Amt Lichtenberg im Herzogtum Sachsen-Eisenach bzw. später Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach.

Helmershausen war 1611–1621 von Hexenverfolgungen betroffen: 17 Frauen gerieten in Hexenprozesse, 14 wurden verbrannt, eine starb unter der Folter, zwei wurden mit Landesverweis bestraft. Das letzte Opfer war Grete, Hans Müllers Frau.

Von 1991 bis 1996 war die einstmals eigenständige Gemeinde der Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Rhönblick angeschlossen, die zum 1. August 1996 mit weiteren Gemeinden in der Gemeinde Rhönblick aufging.

Bauwerke

Der historische Ortskern ist denkmalgeschützt und enthält eine Zahl wertvoller fränkischer Fachwerkhäuser. Darunter befinden sich die besonders eindrucksvollen ehemaligen Rittersitze "Schwarzes Schloss", "Rotes Schloss" und "Gelbes Schloss" sowie der "Henneberger Freihof". Oberhalb des Dorfes auf dem Hutsberg steht die Ruine der Hutsburg, einer einstigen Vogtei der Grafen von Henneberg.

 Dorfkirche Helmershausen, mit ihrem fünfgeschossigen Turm, wird "Dom der Rhön" genannt. Die ungewöhnlich große und weiträumige Bruchsteinkirche im Stil des späten Barock wurde 1736–1752 erbaut, an Stelle und unter Verwendung von Mauerwerk einer älteren Kirche aus dem 15. Jahrhundert. Der barocke Innenraum mit seinen dreigeschossigen Emporen bietet Platz für mindestens 700 Menschen. Sehenswert sind die bemalte Holzdecke, die Orgel, die Kanzel mit einer Kanzeluhr, der Altar sowie speziell verglaste Emporen, die nur dem Adel zustanden.

 "Rotes Schloss": Dieser ehemalige Rittersitz stammt aus dem 17. Jahrhundert und wurde 1894 renoviert. Er war verschiedentlich im Besitz der Familien Voit von Rieneck, von Heßberg, von Heldritt und von Wildungen. In seiner heutigen Form wurde er 1990 erneuert. Das Gebäude ist heute Eigentum der Gemeinde und beherbergt die Außenstelle der Gemeinde Rhönblick und die Dorfbibliothek.

 "Gelbes Schloss": Das Schloss wurde 1562/63 erbaut und befand sich nacheinander im Besitz der Herren von Zweiffel, von Heldritt, von Speßhardt und von Wildungen. Es ist heute in Privatbesitz.

 "Schwarzes Schloss": Das Schloss wurde 1575 von den Herren von Erffa erbaut. Spätere Besitzer waren die von Groß und von Wechmar. Heute ist es, vollständig saniert, Eigentum der Gemeinde und enthält Wohneinheiten zum betreuten Wohnen.

Persönlichkeiten
 Andreas Wilke (* 5. Juli 1562 in Helmershausen; † 19. Juni 1631 in Gotha), Philologe
 Georg von Bertouch (* 1668 in Helmershausen; † 14. September 1743 in Oslo, Norwegen), Komponist und dänisch-norwegischer General
 Johann Christian Molter  (* 2. September 1735 in Helmershausen; † 31. Dezember 1789 in Farnroda), Pfarrer

Weblinks

 Michael Köhler:
 Die Schlösser zu Helmershausen, abgerufen am 15. Juni 2016

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen)
Geographie (Rhönblick)
Ersterwähnung 856
Gemeindeauflösung 1996

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The 'de facto' content solution for Joomla professionals!
The OLD K2 community will soon close down...
A few months ago we launched the revamped K2 website at getk2.org which integrated a new Community forum, located at https://getk2.org/community.
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So it's now time to shut down the OLD K2 community site at community.getk2.org, which was hosted on the (proprietary & restrictive) Ning platform. We plan to take down the OLD K2 community located at community.getk2.org on March 30th 2012.
Welcome to the new getk2.org!
What an exciting week for K2! We're rolling out the much anticipated, much improved K2 v2.5 with full Joomla! 1.5 up to 1.7 compatibility, as well as the new home for K2 that you currently see, the new getk2.org!
Although detailed info on the new K2 version will be published soon, with the official release of K2 v2.5 (stable), I'm happy to share with everyone that the new release will continue the legacy of v2.4 as a rock solid content management extension for Joomla!. It took a little over a year of development to get to 2.5 but it was worth it. Improved performance, enhanced features, enhanced workflow, an all-in-all better way to manage your content in Joomla!. Of course, in-between the ever evolving Joomla! v1.6 (and up to today's 1.7) we had to change things and adapt, but now that 1.7 seems to be on track for a successful and stable release for Joomla!, it was time we got the new K2 out as well. Software is an ever evolving process and releases are essentially snapshots of this process. And now is the right time for v2.5 of K2, now that the current release of Joomla! has reached a stable and mature cycle. More


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In this section: Warning Letters
About Warning and Close-Out Letters
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R and D Adams - 04/23/2015
R and D Adams April 23, 2015
R and D Adams
Issuing Office:
New York District Office
WARNING LETTER NYK 2015-31
VIA UNITED PARCEL SERVICE
DELIVERY SIGNATURE REQUESTED
Mr. David A. Adams, Co-Owner
Rand D Adams
d/b/a/ David and Lisa Adams Dairy Farm
4284 Elm Creek Road
Randolph, New York 14772-9430
Dear Mr. Adams:
On January 21, 27, and February 11, 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted an investigation of your dairy operation located at 4284 Elm Creek Road, Randolph, New York 14772-9430. This letter notifies you of the violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) that we found during our investigation of your operation. You can find the FD&C Act and its associated regulations on the Internet through links on FDA's web page at www.fda.gov.
We found that you offered for sale an animal for slaughter as food that was adulterated. Under section 402(a)(2)(C)(ii) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 342(a)(2)(C)(ii), a food is deemed to be adulterated if it bears or contains a new animal drug that is unsafe under section 512 of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 360b. Further, under section 402(a)(4) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 342(a)(4), a food is deemed to be adulterated if it has been held under insanitary conditions whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health.
Specifically, our investigation revealed that on or about June 9, 2014, you sold a dairy cow, identified with back tag (b)(4), for slaughter as food. On or about June 10, 2014, (b)(4), slaughtered this animal. United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) analysis of tissue samples collected from this animal identified the presence of 0.195 parts per million (ppm) of flunixin residue in the liver. FDA has established a tolerance of 0.125 ppm for residues of flunixin in the liver (target tissue) of cattle as codified in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.), Section 556.286 (21 C.F.R. 556.286). The presence of this drug in edible tissues from these animals in the amounts stated causes the food to be adulterated within the meaning of section 402(a)(2)(C)(ii) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 342(a)(2)(C)(ii).
Our investigation also found that you hold animals under conditions that are so inadequate that medicated animals bearing potentially harmful drug residues are likely to enter the food supply. For example, you failed to maintain complete treatment records and you did not record the use of flunixin when you treated your dairy cows. Food from animals held under such conditions is adulterated within the meaning of section 402(a)(4)of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 342(a)(4).
We also found that you adulterated the new animal drug, (b)(4), (Flunixin Meglumine, NADA #(b)(4)). Specifically, our investigation revealed that you did not use (b)(4) as directed by the approved labeling. Use of this drug in this manner is an extralabel use. See 21 C.F.R. 530.3(a).
The extralabel use of approved animal or human drugs in animals is allowed under the FD&C Act only if the extralabel use complies with sections 512(a)(4) and (5) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 360b (a)(4) and (5), and 21 C.F.R. Part 530, including that the use must be by or on the lawful order of a licensed veterinarian within the context of a valid veterinarian/client/patient relationship.
Our investigation found that you administered (b)(4) (Flunixin Meglumine, NADA #(b)(4)) to a dairy cow with back tag (b)(4) without following the route of administration and the slaughter withdrawal time set forth in the approved product labeling. Your extralabel use of (b)(4) was not under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian, in violation of 21 C.F.R. 530.11 (a) and your extralabel use of (b)(4) resulted in illegal residues, in violation of 21 C.F.R. 530.11(d). Because your use of this drug was not in conformance with its approved labeling and did not comply with 21 C.F.R. Part 530, you caused the drug to be unsafe under section 512(a) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 360b(a), and adulterated within the meaning of section 501(a)(5) of the FD&C Act, 21 U.S.C. 351(a)(5).
The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of violations. As a producer of animals offered for use as food, you are responsible for ensuring that your overall operation and the food you distribute is in compliance with the law.
You should take prompt action to correct the violations described in this letter and to establish procedures to ensure that these violations do not recur. Failure to do so may result in regulatory action without further notice such as seizure and/or injunction.
We acknowledge a response was received from you dated February 23,2015. However, this response is not adequate for the following reason: Your response does not describe the actual corrective actions you have taken or plan to take to prevent further illegal drug residues.
You should notify this office in writing of the steps you have taken to bring your firm into compliance with the law within fifteen (15) working days of receiving this letter. Your response should include each step that has been taken or will be taken to correct the violations and prevent their recurrence. If corrective action cannot be completed within tifteen (15) working days of receiving this letter, state the reason for the delay and the time frame within which the corrections will be completed. Please include copies of any available documentation demonstrating that corrections have been made.
Your written response should be sent to Patricia A. Clark, Compliance Officer, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 622 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14202. If you have any questions about this letter, please contact Compliance Officer Patricia A. Clark at (716) 846-6236 or E-mail at patricia.clark@lfda.hhs.gov.
/S/
Ronald M. Pace
cc: Mr. Ronald Adams, Co-Owner
More Warning Letters


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ObituariesAnne Wasilevich2021-05-15T10:00:51-05:00
Below is listing of obituaries for loved ones recently taken into our care. To view earlier notices, scroll to the bottom of this page or use our search to find a friend or loved one. If you wish to extend condolences or share a memory, please feel free to submit an online condolence form found under the Condolences tab. Your remembrances and words of support and encouragement will also appear under the condolences tab.
John Kuehn
April 30, 1937 - January 7, 2022
U.S. Veteran
Service Date January 7, 2022
A service honoring Jack's life was held privately.
A memorial celebration will be held at a later date.
Memorial donations in Jack's name may be sent to Safe Harbor www.safeharborhumanesociety.org or to ASPCA www.aspca.org would be appreciated.
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John "Jack" Kuehn, age 84, passed away peacefully on Friday, January 7, 2022, at Hospice House in Pleasant Prairie.
Born on April 30, 1937, in Milwaukee, he was the son of Peter and Irene Kuehn. Jack attended local schools and received his bachelor's degree from Dominican College in Racine. He met the love of his life, Carole Sweeney, at the Racine-Kenosha County Teachers College. On April 22, 1961, they were united in marriage at St. Casimir's Catholic Church in Kenosha.
As a Quartermaster in the U.S. Army, Jack proudly served his country from 1960-1966. He was principal of Brighton Elementary for two years and had a 30-year career with KUSD as an English and Social Studies teacher at Bullen Jr. High School.
Jack was an accomplished photographer and master gardener. He enjoyed golfing at Brighton Dale and Pets and bowled on the KUSD league.
He was a kind soul with a love for nature and the animal world. He had a great sense of humor and always had a good word for everyone.
Jack was a dedicated follower of the Green Bay Packers, Wisconsin Badgers, Marquette and Notre Dame. He was a voracious reader and had great knowledge of WWII airplanes. He also was a great fan of Turner Classic Movies, the History Channel and Wheel of Fortune.
Jack will be greatly missed by his wife of 60 years, Carole; his son, Jeffrey Keene (Julie Agazzi); his niece, Sheryl (Randy) Tudjan; his great-nieces, Raechel (Shaun) Bartel and Erin (Michael) Valestin; his great great-nieces, Elyza, Alice, Rylie and Vaeda and great great-nephew Mason and his cat Holly.
He was preceded in death by his parents; his sister, Barbara; his in-laws, Harry and Hattie Sweeney; his sister-in-law, Dolores Halbrooks; his cat OJ and many other beloved pets.
The family wishes to extend a special thank you to Hospice Alliance and their staff; the staff of the 4200 wing of Froedtert South — Pleasant Prairie, especially nurse Patty; Dr. David Knight and staff; Dr. Neil Shepler and staff and the Infusion Center at Froedtert South — Pleasant Prairie.
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A tip from Erborian: With Yuza Sorbet Eye Serum, no-one will see those morning-after eyes. In one simple step, you can smooth the eye contour, fight dark circles, and reveal flawless-soft skin, so the eye area looks fresh and luminous.
You've probably noticed that this year, you've succeeded in everything you've set out to do. Maybe now is the perfect time to focus on a personal project, something you've always dreamed of doing. How about traveling somewhere you've always wanted to go? Or taking up a new sport or artistic activity? Or maybe even consider a change in career path as you lounge by the pool? Whatever you decide, don't forget to make the most of it!
A tip from Erborian: To keep your skin looking flawless-perfect in whatever you do, BB Drops illuminates the complexion and reduces the appearance of sun-induced dark spots. Come rain or shine, your skin will look flawless. But beware: your friends may be a little jealous!
This New Year got off to a difficult start. But now, at last – the perfect time to release all that stress and enjoy some moments of relaxation and comfort. Plan a vacation doing something you really enjoy or some weekends away in the countryside, and spend time with the people you love. A few soothing rituals – like a walk alongside the water or some morning meditation – will do you the world of good.
A tip from Erborian: Erborian Yuza Double Lotion, this nourishing formula, with it's silky soft texture, is wonderful for soothing and comforting your skin.
Ever felt like your emotions are on a roller coaster? They certainly have been lately. Intense, strong, not always easy to control… But all that intensity can scare off the people around you, so find some activities to let it all out! This New Year, why not take a writing workshop, some singing classes, or head off climbing? It's up to you!
A tip from Erborian: The pigments in the Erborian CC Creme are true "color controllers," so your skin will look even-toned, even when your cheeks are flushed. Whatever emotions you're feeling, your complexion will remain flawless and won't betray them.
You're so full of energy, and there are so many things you want to do, that summer is a dangerous time! With all these temptations everywhere, how will you be able to resist? Breathe in deeply before you make any decisions and listen to the advice of the people around you to help you stay in control.
Work and dedication are second nature for you. To make the most of New Year while staying true to yourself, why not enjoy a vacation carefully organized by you for the people you love? Or you could try out a new leisure activity that will do you good. Whatever you decide to do, make sure you make the most of this New Year to relax. Because when New Year comes, you'll need all your resources to cope with uncertainties and unexpected demands.
A tip from Erborian: Erborian Sleeping BB Mask – these ingredients form an energy cocktail that will help you recharge your batteries. An energy blast night face mask with an instant smoothing effect, unites them all in a single formula.
This year, you've won over everyone with your energy and charisma. And this New Year, it will be just the same – you'll be turning heads with your devastating charm. But with all this new success, you could almost end up forgetting the people who've always been there for you… You're in top shape, so you'll probably enjoy an active vacation, discovering the world or doing something sporty, if you're in the mood.
A tip from Erborian: You like to keep things simple? With Erborian Matte Creme, you can moisturise and smooth, refine skin's texture and illuminate the complexion, so it looks as fresh as the morning dew. What more could you ask for?
You're easily irritated, and you've had so much to deal with this year, it hasn't helped… So make sure you enjoy every moment of this New Year break to get your balance back.
Focus on yourself and nothing but yourself: fragrant massages, stunning landscapes and delicious foods rich in magnesium (sprinkle some walnuts and chocolate over your fruit salads). You'll feel so much better for it.
A tip from Erborian: Erborian Bamboo Matte Lotion contains the very best longevity herbs from Korea, for a guaranteed revitalising effect! And if you want to give your skin a real boost, soak your sheet mask with this lotion and relax for 15 minutes.
This New Year has been full of changes and you've already had lots of things to sort out since January. If you want to keep up the momentum, use this New Year break to take a step back and assess what remains to be done. As for your well-being, focus on lighter meals and a lighter mood, to get your life back into a more natural rhythm.
A tip from Erborian: For perfectly cleansed skin, Erborian Solid Cleansing Oil transforms into an oil on contact with the skin, then into a lotion on contact with water. This double cleansing will leave your skin feeling clean and light – just like you!
You like to spend your time with other people, and they make this time even more special. Whether you're with one person or a whole group, This New Year will be the perfect time to really make the most of all the wonderful people around you. You might even want to organise some celebrations or activities with them. Don't forget to do some exercise to compensate for all those delicious indulgences you won't be able to resist.
A tip from Erborian: Erborian Yuzu Sorbet Day Cream contains firming active ingredients, such as Yuzu ceramides. Perfect for smoother, firmer-looking skin.
This New Year, you're enjoying every moment and reaping the fruits of the seeds you have sown over the last few years. New Year may make you want to do something a little bit crazy and draw on your radiant charisma. Indulge without feeling guilty! But here's a little tip: after short nights and evenings of partying, make sure you stay active and get some exercise to keep your body balanced.
A tip from Erborian: Erborian BB Creme can do everything! This 5-in-1 product will be your day cream, sun protection and foundation! It's the perfect product for someone like you, whose motto is to "keep life simple, so you can enjoy every moment to the full."


GEMS Wellington Primary School's admissions policy considers all children. Families are welcome to apply to GWPS regardless of nationality, ethnicity, gender or religion. GWPS is a truly inclusive, international school.
Whenever possible we aim to interview every GWPS child and their parents prior to entry and each child must take an age related placement test to ensure that they are ready for the high quality education on offer at GWPS.
When considering placing a child within GWPS we consider the information provided by the child, parents, evidence from the previous school (school reports), the placement test and any other information that has been provided. We ensure that parents are informed within 1-2 working days after placement test.
Registration fee of AED 500 (non-refundable).
Please note that registration does not guarantee your child a place. Applicants to GWPS are advised to regularly contact the Registrar to discuss the status of their application.
Receiving an offer of a place at GEMS Wellington Primary School, Dubai will give you priority placement for Year 7 at GEMS Schools across Dubai.
Admission for September 2019 and 2020 - OPEN - Please register online to submit your enquiry.
The Admissions and Accounts Office in school will be open between 7:30am-4.00pm.
We offer guaranteed placements in our FS2 programme, after siblings, to students who complete a full academic year in the Little GEMS Emerald/FS1 programme. Students receive an offer after successfully completing the school's admission process.
Students that complete Year 6 at GEMS Wellington Primary School will have guarantee placement at GEMS Wellington Academy Al Khail after successfully completing the admission process.


"I am learning so much from my time with Aramark on the Ibec Global Graduates programme, it has set my career on the right course"
Registration address: 84/86 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin 2.
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