text:
State of Virginia History
what's Virginia background Day?
Virginia background Day is carried out in conjunction with the Kenneth E. Behring nationwide background Day Contest. The very first round of competition is held within the eight Districts of Virginia. The most notable two entries in each category and age unit within District competition be eligible for the State contest, which will be held on Saturday, April 23 at Virginia State University in Petersburg, VA.
How Can It Work?
Students in grades six through eight (6-8) are assigned towards the Junior Division, pupils in grades nine through twelve (9-12) are assigned to the Senior Division. In each division, pupils may contend in almost any one of nine categories often as someone or in an organization:
Individual Documentary
Group Documentary
Individual Exhibit
Individual Historical Paper
Individual Efficiency
Group Performance
Individual Site
The most notable two entries in each group and age division on State competition qualify for the nationwide contest, which will be held on June 12-16 on University of Maryland at university Park.
The motif associated with the Kenneth E. Behring nationwide background Day 2016 is Exploration, Encounter & Exchange ever sold. Students should analyze their topic's impact on history and draw conclusions about the ways their particular subject had a direct impact regarding the length of activities and on people, communities, nations, or even the world. Pupils and educators should keep in mind regional record and neighborhood resources when selecting subjects.
Tons of features if you use labelview, easy to follow and great support. Thanks for this.
The real History of the United States Of America
The Hidden History of Northern Virginia (Virginia Time Travel)
393yrs of slavery since the state of Virginia
What is Historical Sites?
First settlers in Virginia
Powhatan longhouses
Virginia colony food


text:
Key areas that impact water quality
Slurry spreading on lands that are unable to retain it, resulting in the slurry getting into the local water system which causes enrichment and pollutes the system. This issue is addressed in the EU Nitrates Directive, which was signed off by the Irish Government in early December 2005. The initial EU Nitrates Directive was issued 15 years ago.
Soil enrichment from domestic tank leakage
Leechate oozing from soakpit of septic tank
Sewage:
Lack of and often-inadequate sewage systems in riparian towns and villages means that raw sewage gets directly into the water system. A problem also exists with rural septic tanks where output from old and poorly maintained tanks seep into the local water system. Raw sewage in a drinking water system is a major risk to public health. The EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive and the Drinking Water Directive are addressing this issue, the Irish Government and the Local Authorities are slow to implement these Directives.
Forestry:
Coillte are the largest landowner in the state with over 6% of the country's landmass, private forestry possible accounts for a similar acreage. The planting of dense economically un-viable non-native timbers in sensitive acid peat environment causes many eco problems.
These conifers need fertiliser and pesticides to secure their growth. Particular problems occur at harvesting due to the disturbance of the soil and the subsequent wash off of the fertilisers and chemicals. Action plans are beginning to emerge which will correct these issues.
The Group has demanded the following Action Plan to address the above problems:
Forestation: -
An immediate cessation of all activity relating to coniferous forestation within the catchment of
The Great Western Lakes.
A halt to all E.U. Grant Aid for Conifer Forestry on peat lands.
The full implementation of SAC status, where applicable, in the sensitive areas surrounding the
Great Western Lakes.
Municipal Sewage Systems and Domestic/Private Effluent Systems: -
Full tertiary treatment with phosphorus removal facilities to apply to all municipal sewage
discharges within the catchment.
An inspectorate system to be set up for all private/domestic effluent treatment systems, with a requirement that they be serviced annually.
Some scientific method must be found to deal with the chemical effluent from rural housing.
Government programme introduced to have phosphorus free detergents more affordable and an
educational programme put in place for the general public.
Agricultural Practice: -
To ensure that there is a major reduction in land loss nutrients to waters within the catchment.
An awareness campaign for farming practices in sensitive catchment areas.
A Grant Aid schemes where necessary to protect sensitive areas, i.e. SAC's.
Requests for immediate action: -
The Carra Mask Corrib Water Protection Group demand and expect that the above environmental
policy document to be implemented in its entirely and nothing less will be acceptable.
A comprehensive Government Policy to save Lough Corrib must be forthcoming.
Our Water System – The Evidence:
• 74 % of all water sources and 87% of high yielding wells and springs show the presence of e.coli and/or ammonia.
• Bacteria from faeces (coliforms) are present in 60% of the 377 private water systems supplying tens of thousands of homes in Galway County.
• Consumption of nitrate-rich water can cause "blue-baby syndrome" or methaemoglobinaemia.
• The increasing algae blooms (Cyanobasteria) seen during spells on our lakes can produce a toxin as potent as cyanide. Blooms of this type have occurred on Loughs Corrib and Mask, the main source of drinking water in the west.
Facts about Fresh Water:
• Water is a precious commodity vital for sustaining plant and animal life. The human body is about two thirds water. The average persons need to take about 8 glasses per day.
• 70 % of the earth's surface contains water yet only 1% is usable
• Over the past century the global population has grown three fold yet the demand for water has increased six fold.
• The UN believes that two thirds of the world's population will experience drinking water shortages by 2025.
• Over the next twenty years water use will increase by 40%.
• In the developing world over 2.2 million people die each year from water related shortages/diseases.
Every household can help reduce their output of phosphates and nitrates by ensuring they are using environmentally friendly detergents, powders and liquids.
Anglers going ashore should take nothing but photographs and leave nothing but footprints.
Farmers should assess the benefits of spreading slurry and fertiliser on saturated lands, especially close to the waterside, particularly during and after rainfall.
Foresters should consider the damage caused by way of increased acidification of water caused by the planting of trees too close to the sides of streams and lakes.
Waterside housing should use waste treatment plants as their human waste management systems.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


View more >Single-frequency diode lasers have been stabilized to 200 Hz at 1.5 μm and independently to 20 Hz at 793 nm over 10-ms integration times using narrow spectral holes in the absorption lines of Er3+- and Tm3+-doped cryogenic crystals as frequency references. Kilohertz stability over 100-s integration times is provided by these techniques, and that performance should be extendable to long integration times with further development. The achieved frequency stabilization provides ideal lasers for high-resolution spectroscopy in the time and frequency domains, real time analog optical signal processing based on spatial-spectral holography, interferometry, and other applications requiring ultra-narrow-band light sources or coherent detection. The stabilized lasers have enabled demonstrations of analog optical signal processing in Er3+ materials at 0.5 GHz bandwidths at temperatures of 4.2 K, and they will be important for electromagnetically induced transparency and quantum information demonstrations.


text:
Q: Default themes are gone, windows look ugly I have recently made an upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04. Everything went fine, except the theme I used to have, Hope-DT, was having the fonts coloured white.
So, yesterday, trying to find an updated version of Hope Theme, I have installed this .deb (which was suppose to fix the problems): i386 build of hope-gtk-theme 0.0.2-precise in ubuntu precise RELEASE
Now, I have found myself with a broken desktop...it's like GTK3. Firstly I can't find the default theme Ambience anymore. No tool shows it (System Settings/Appearence nor MyUnity nor Advanced Settings). And I have all over crappy windows and buttons. Check out the screenshots:

So now after nice Unity3D smooth feeling, I am stuck with this kind of windows. Is there a way to reinstall the default themes again? Or to somehow fix GTK3.
To make things worse, I thought it would be a good idea to restore my system to a back-up I made with duplicity yesterday. It was a good opportunity to use the tool, because I am backing up for some time now, and I never got my hands to make a restore.
The restore crashed in the middle (Ubuntu 12.04 encountered an error). And since then...I keep getting errors, and the system tries to send infos to Ubuntu but doesn't seem to be able to:

I am pretty disappointed that I did not manage to make a successful back-up/restore...why do we even have the tool then...
At any rate, this issue may be related to the fact that I might have some gtk files missing.
I am pretty close to make a full reinstall, but it pains me to know that all of this might have started because I wanted to fix my theme :(
Any way to restore the default theme? Or Gtk? Maybe that solves some problems.

A: Try reinstalling the light-themes package, This package includes both default Ubuntu themes (Ambiance and Radiance).
Hit Alt+Ctrl+T to open terminal and run following commands:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge  light-themes
sudo apt-get install  light-themes

Then restart your system!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Missing names on Voter Rolls
Labour Leader Mahendra Chaudhry has expressed concern that hundreds of voters arrive at polling booths with registration slips but their names are not on voter rolls.
In a letter to the Supervisor of Elections, Chaudhry said arrangements should be made for these people to vote:
"These people are being deprived of their constitutional right to vote. I request that all those who carry registration slips whose names cannot be found on the voter rolls be allowed to vote.
They number in hundreds throughout Fiji and are overwhelmingly Indian voters. We are now of the opinion that this omission is deliberate otherwise you cannot have hundreds of names missing just like that.
Registration forms are accountable documents and it was the responsibility of the Elections Office to ensure they were all accounted for. In fact, we reminded your office as early as 5 May 2005 that every registration form must be accounted for. Obviously, the Elections Office failed to do this.
FLP holds the Elections Office responsible for this colossal blunder which is depriving people of their constitutional right to vote.
The Supervisor of Elections must now make amends for its administrative incompetence by making provisions for all those with registration slips to be allowed to vote.
Denial of their constitutional right to vote through an omission on the part of your office, could result in legal action.
Read More 2006 Elections
Elections Office told to consider Labour's concerns
The Elections Office has been instructed by the Electoral Commission to address concerns raised by the Labour Party regarding non compliance with the Electoral Act.…read more →
Printing of Excessive Ballot Papers
Labour queries explanations by the Supervisor of Elections regarding the printing of ballot papers much in excess of requirement for a number of constituencies, including…read more →
Utter shambles to start of polls
Labour Leader Mahendra Chaudhry has expressed disgust at the complete shambles experienced at polling stations throughout the country at the start of polls because ballot…read more →


text:
The Shrinking Woman
How fad diets conquer our dignity, not our fat.
By Mona Awad Feb. 2, 2010
Meet Me at the Met
From Pantera to the Stills
Drinking Blood and Light: The Wines of Kreydenweiss
Dining Among the Saints
Drinking Monsters
Truffles and Tortellini at 140 KM/H
One belief accounts for the extreme success of diet trends: self-hatred. We deserve to eat vast quantities of animal-hoof pulp, bacon and pineapple. We deserve to join Orwellian weight-loss groups for astronomical fees, to pay for the privilege of eating boilable pouches of bile. We deserve to have our intestines hacked, our stomachs stapled, our fat vacuumed. We deserve Jazzercise. We should pray for thinness and redemption. We must die and be born again if we want to be skinny. And if we simply die, utterly exhausted? Oh well. We deserve that too. We are fat, after all.
One day when I was five, my mother came home grinning at me through clenched wired teeth. She spoke with a terrible metallic lisp. I thought she was a monster. "Mum's going to be this thin," she said and she showed me with her hands, palms facing each other, nearly together, as in prayer.
For six months, nothing but liquids. Broth, skim milk and spinach, blended into a drinkable pulp. I once watched her polish off an entire carton of chocolate-chip ice cream in a fit of hunger, the chips getting stuck in the wires, the insides of her mouth blackening. At the deli where she worked, she said "shorry" to the customers and then smilingly pointed to her mouth.
She told me later that she wired her teeth shut to surprise my father. He was working in Egypt then, and in a few months we'd be heading over to meet his family for the first time. My mother, in typical French-Canadian fashion, wanted to make a good impression. She also wanted to prove to my father that she could lose her pregnancy weight, a feat he thought was well beyond her.
"He didn't even notice," she said afterward. But I did. My mother was a ghost of herself. She became gangly and saggy, stooped over like she had been punched hard in the stomach. She was thinner than that fissure of light between her hands. For a year after the wires came off, she managed to stay that way by starving herself. Then, she began to eat. The eighty pounds came back quietly, viciously, inevitably.
Jaw wiring was very common in the eighties—as common as liposuction, gastric bypasses and stomach stapling are today. Though it could be extremely dangerous (not able to throw up freely when she was ill, my mother almost died twice by choking on her own vomit), the trend was seen as a legitimate and successful method of dealing with the problem of excess weight. "Because hunger," sagely noted a self-styled food expert and dentist, "begins with the mouth."
Today, there are countless weight-loss trends endorsed by celebrities and "experts," advertised on billboards and in pop-up windows, or profiled on piano-accompanied exclusives onOprah. Magazines, in particular, love the tale of the shrunken woman. How Suzanne sipped away 130 pounds. How the needle on Nancy's scale never settled on one number very long. How Cathy overcame her cellulite with the help of unbuttered popcorn and prayer. And there are always the haunting Before and After pictures. Before: a red-faced Pam with a bad perm exploding out of her polka-dot pants. After: a glamour shot of a tiaraed ghoul in pastels. Triumphant and skeletal, she stands in one leg of her old fat-pants, extending the waistband as far she can.
Between us, my mother and I have been on nearly every popular diet, some of them more than once. I have lost and gained and lost again a total of 300 pounds, from prepubescence to my present age of twenty-six. My mother's fluctuations were more vast and violent still. For as long as I can remember, one of us was always either rapidly shrinking or rapidly expanding. Sometimes we did it together, clasping fat hands, making solemn vows. "Tomorrow," my mother would soberly declare, "will be dayone."
The first time I was inspired to diet was in 1988, at the age of nine, when I weighed one hundred pounds. The most popular trend in weight loss back then was the Beverly Hills Diet—a "California"-themed plan that encourages people to eat fruit almost exclusively. The details were laid out by Judy Mazel in her 1981 book,The Beverly Hills Diet , a 262-page tome that spent over seven months on bestseller lists and enjoyed immense success throughout the decade. Our neighbours were on it. My mother's co-workers were on it. I was on it.
The Beverly Hills Diet promised exotic fruits and unlimited champagne—how eighties. It was a diet for the "movie stars, the jet-setters, and the ultra body conscious who are hardened to flimsy fads." To be Beverly Hills–thin was to join the ranks of the celebrity elite. I imagined myself dressed in white among the palm trees, and I was willing to suffer for that child's dream. Little did I know that to join the ranks of the elite meant that the more time I spent on the toilet, the better.
Whatever the intestinal fallout, the Beverly Hills Diet made money. And not only because its Californian setting sparked the imagination of its demographic—soap-opera-fed, dreamy-eyed women. It also promoted Mazel as someone who knew the fat person's pain from personal experience. "All my life I have loved to eat and lived to eat," wrote Mazel. "…I know I'm an emotional eater…I eat in response to a feeling. And I can't stop those feelings from happening."
The Beverly Hills Diet has an extensive pedigree, which dates back to the nineteen-twenties and the Hollywood Eighteen-Day Diet—a 585-calorie-per-day plan involving little more than grapefruit, oranges, Melba toast and hard-boiled eggs. The Beverly Hills Diet counsels a very dangerous regimen: ten days of nothing but fruit, followed by a month of fruit and the occasional steak or ear of corn. It's what's known as a "food combining" diet—a weight-loss program that is based on the dubious scientific theory that consumption of one food group at a time (protein, starches, fruits, etc.) prevents improper digestion and waist expansion.
"It's all a bunch of baloney," my mother roared from her island of couch. The Frankensteining of her teeth ushered in a period of her being wary of diets. Her new-found denial presented a problem at my tender age: I couldn't do my own shopping, and my mother—in what I now recognize as wisdom—refused to buy me the inordinate amount of pineapple and melon required for the diet. I made do with apples, bananas and oranges. It lasted two weeks. I was young. I had no patience for hunger-—yet.
I learned fast. In 1990, twelve and ever so impressionable, SlimFast's "Give Us a Week, We'll Take Off the Weight" campaign had me by the tits. Though the company claimed that it sought to surpass "the popularity of fad diets which promise to magically melt away the pounds," it was their slogan, bastioned by commercials of women in white bathing suits running along rocky shores, that won the hearts of pudgy girls like me. My mother wouldn't let me go on SlimFast, so, behind her back, I pooled some money with my friends from school and purchased the rank powder myself.
In existence since the Depression, the liquid diet first peaked in popularity in the seventies with Robert Linn's The Last Chance Diet: A Revolutionary Approach to Weight Loss. Partially composed of animal hides and tendons, Linn's drink and similar liquid diets were temporarily banned in 1977 when they were linked to fifty-eight deaths. Yet the public's desire for a liquid solution never waned, and the trend roared on. In 1988, my mother and I watched Oprah publicly wheel out a wagon full of fat meant to represent the sixty-seven pounds she had lost through Optifast (another liquid diet). We watched her gain it all back over the next four years, but this did not seem to shake the public's faith in beverage-based diets.
The whole point of liquid dieting, of diets in general, is to lift our minds into a realm of the make-believe and the hypothetically possible. In reality, according to nutrition historian Hillel Schwartz, the "formula diet" is a regressive one, "tacitly and technically derived from diets for infants, the infirm and the psychotic." SlimFast shakes tasted to me like the rancid insides of a vitamin jar. I now wonder why I bothered. All they did was transform my normal desire to eat into a primal urge to devour.
My experiment in secret dieting ended in tears in some godless fry hut. I told my mother that I had been using the shakes for over a month. Her "I told you so" response was, in retrospect, inevitable. She hated the fact that I was dieting and told me so. "Just be a kid, for Christ's sake," she pleaded. "Enjoy your life." I had no idea what she was talking about.
Following my parents' divorce in 1991, my mother and I moved from Montreal to Toronto so she could take a job as a restaurant manager in a hotel. I didn't adjust. Not only did the move from a private girls' school to a co-ed public school make me more keenly aware of my teenage body, but the lipsticked girls in my classes intimidated me with their discussions of sex and starvation methods. I spent the first year of lunch hours frowningly eating cookies in a stall in the girls' washroom.
That summer, my mother sent me back to Quebec for tennis camp, hoping to get me into exercise. I was so badly teased for being heavy that I returned heavier still, with a massive chip on my shoulder and a death-dealing serve. My mother made us play tennis every night so that I could lose weight in the remaining weeks before my first high school year. We played for hours. But just as I had dieted in secret, I was now eating in secret. I didn't lose a pound.
After another school year of sighingly eating in corners, I snapped and tried exercising again. I swam one hundred laps twice daily at the local pool, my mother applauding from a lawn chair. I soon became a tall, angular, 140-pound girl with brittle, green hair. I continued my regime for two years, joining the high school swim team, winning medals. My mother, who couldn't swim, was terribly proud.
When I was fourteen, my mother had a heart attack. She remained in the hospital for a little over a week, scowling at the urine-coloured walls while my grandmother and I watched her heart blips on the monitor. "Deux p'tites nouilles pour souper,calice ," she snorted about the small amount of food on her tray. My grandmother laughed, "B'en non, t'en as trois." I looked on in horror. I didn't think it was funny—eating, I was certain, was what had got her ill in the first place.
As my mother recuperated, I exercised more. In addition to swimming, I jogged five to seven kilometres daily, did aerobics classes at the Y and stopped eating meat. That summer, I went away to work at a hotel in British Columbia. At 138 pounds, I was already quite thin for a girl of five feet ten. But even at this, my very thinnest, I wasn't thin enough. The day I arrived in BC, I began a crash diet I had read about in Diet and Exercise Magazine.
Diet and Exercise is a publication that deserves to be banned: it does nothing but offer quick fixes, advise you to chew your food slowly and report what C-list stars do to maintain their "celebrity-slim" figures (Vanna White, I remember reading, favours roast chickenwithout the skin). My nameless crash diet told me I could lose ten pounds in seven days, so I followed their one-week menu (750-calories-a-day) for four weeks straight. I lost thirty pounds. I was smug and sickly for about a week after, but then hunger broke in me like rain. In less than two months, I had gained the weight back twice over.
When I returned to Toronto, my mother was a new woman—slender, smoking, wearing jeans (my jeans) and telling everyone to love themselves. Along with Oprah and her willing executioners, my mother had "made the connection" (the slogan of Oprah's infamous wellness program and the title of a 1994 book she co-wrote with her personal trainer, Bob Greene). My mother didn't exercise, but she did own a gratitude journal and she certainly watched a lot of talk shows. She took off the weight by not eating much. She ordered croissants and I ate them for her. "Moderation is the trick," she'd say. "A few bites here and there." I nodded like I knew exactly what she meant. I bought burgers, took a few bites out of them, threw them away, and then dug them out of the trash in the middle of the night and finished them off in the dark.
Now sixteen, I took up smoking in secret to reduce my appetite. It didn't help. I was famished and terrified at the vastness of my hunger and my inability to control it. All attempts to get myself back into a draconian regimen—eating nothing but fruit, drinking nothing but Diet Coke or even consuming nothing at all—failed after a day or so. I no longer had the strength for hunger. Working part-time at Mmmarvellous Mmmuffins (oh, the shame), I crouched behind the counter and ate an obscene number of mmmuffins. I became a fat, morosely introspective teenager who liked to read Russian novels by candlelight.
By the mid-nineties, my mother and I had both grown monstrous. It was then that we attempted, briefly, to love ourselves. To this end, we read Terry Poulton'sNo Fat Chicks: How Big Business Profits Making Women Hate Their Bodies, a highly subversive polemic about how the dieting industry has made billions convincing women to hate themselves.
And we joined Weight Watchers. We counted points, we ate frozen microwaveable mini-meals of gloopy pasta and pineapple-chunked chicken, which left us starving. We sucked hunks of brown ice on a stick for dessert. I refused to attend the weekly meetings but my mother sometimes did. "So inspiring," she would say, and then she wouldn't go again for weeks. We discussed our feelings at Burger King. There, high on grease, we made new resolutions to stick with it. We just weren't trying hard enough, we reasoned. Weight Watchers was, after all, "thesmart choice."
Weight Watchers was started over forty years ago. Right from the beginning, it presented itself as a therapeutic form of dieting. Meetings involve AA-style confessions, communal weigh-ins, and time with a counsellor. From TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly) to Weight Watchers to Jenny Craig to Curves, weight-loss "communities" claim to be about and for women. Their founders are almost always former fat chicks who have struggled with their weight. Weight Watchers creator Jean Nidetch, for example, continued to try on her size 44 dresses each month for a year after she had trimmed down to a size 12. "I pray I'll never get to the point where I'll think I've always been thin, successful and at the end of the rainbow," she wrote inThe Story of Weight Watchers. "I don't know of anybody who has been fat who ever feels totally safe again. We know we're not cured. We're merely arrested."
The idea that a woman could never be safe from her flesh, even its ghost, is crucial to understanding why collective dieting is so successful. Thinness is discussed as a precarious condition, requiring eternal vigilance, and fatness is a state of abject alienation. Both turn your weight—whatever it is—into a position of weakness. The Weight Watchers prescription is strength in numbers, solidarity and a lifetime commitment. For Weight Watchers alone, to say nothing of its corporate dieting clones, that eternal vigilance translates into us$2.5 billion a year.
The "healing process" further involves atrocious and mandatory food, which companies sell to their members at staggering prices. I remember crank-calling Jenny Craig a few times as a morbid teenager. Recently, though, I called in earnest. "Hi," answered a woman, in the sort of voice a kindergarten teacher uses on children who have just wet themselves. "My name'sNadine. What's yours ?" I didn't tell her. I said I was calling to confirm the twenty-dollars-for-twenty-pounds advertisement I had seen on the website and to ask if there were other costs. She chirped: "Just the food! Thirteen to nineteen dollars a day!"
The sight of a cellophane-wrapped, Weight Watchers cannelloni log will forever make me shudder, but Jenny Craig food is exponentially worse: frozen pseudo-veggies, canned cream of crap, boilable pouches of bile (distilled from compounded tears of fat women, I imagine). Nadine asked me if I was interested. I scoffed and told her that I was only confirming the prices for a magazine article I was writing.
"You can't publish any of what I've just said," she said sternly.
"You just can't," she replied, giving me the number for the Canadian head office: 1-800-JENNY-CARE (yes, that's nine digits instead of the usual seven, because Jenny Cares so very, very much).
"Of course you can publish these prices," cooed the Stepford wife at head office. "It's not a secret, after all."
Amazingly, my mother would later go back to Weight Watchers even though she'd only ever gained weight on the diet. The company is so successful in marketing its collaborative methods as the healthiest, wisest, most manageable choice for women that the idea of not succeeding seemed shameful to her. If she failed, she felt she could only blame herself.
In the late nineties, my mother left her hotel job to take a corporate position at Starbucks. Now in university, convinced that all diets were futile, I lived in my head and ate what I wanted. Judy Mazel—blonde, born again, and still wielding her pineapple—had recently resurfaced withThe New Beverly Hills Diet . The updated book focussed on her emotions even more obsessively than the first, as befitted the decade of feelings: fat-woman confessionals, an openly shrinking and expanding Oprah, books likeReviving Ophelia . To speak to a nineties audience concerned with the spirit as well as the body, Judy made herself into a kind of evangelical mother. "I'll send you a graduation certificate—or should I say a birth certificate for a Born-Again Skinny." Growing thin through her method was about more than weight loss—it was a bona fide religious opportunity: "Now give me your hand you little Skinny, and I'll lead you out of the valley of the Shadow of Fat, and together we'll revel in the Land of Hipbones."
For me, the Land of Hipbones seemed far off. Now morbidly fat, I had grown philosophical and misanthropic through many failed diets. Judy Mazel seemed like precisely the bug-eyed and bejewelled bitch my mother had made her out to be all those years ago. I understood that my mother's hatred of this diet was rooted in just how condescending and insulting its author was toward her readers, but perhaps she hated it all the more because she had attempted its methodological cousin, laid out in the originalDr. Atkins' Diet Revolution of 1972.
When Atkins re-emerged back on the scene in the late nineties, protein—long maligned in the dieting underworld—experienced a renaissance. My mother, who had tried and hated the original revolution, went along with it a second time. She felt it suited her perfectly. His 1992 book,Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution , promises liberal amounts of fatty foods and claims to work wonders for heart patients: "If you're hungry, eat. That's what God gave you a mouth, tongue and lips for," says the good doctor to a patient with a cholesterol level of 284 and a triglyceride level of 1,200. My mother, a heart-attack veteran, was thrilled.
One understands why a diet involving bacon was such a success. But with thirty million followers, Atkins was not merely successful. He was arguably responsible for causing a fundamental shift in eating habits and attitudes about weight loss—a shift I would describe as a catastrophe of common sense.
From the beginning, this was no mere diet. Atkins successfully marketed himself as a misunderstood revolutionary hero, fighting the establishment on behalf of the overweight, whom he enlisted to help drive his visionary campaign. The "establishment," in Atkins's case, was balanced diets based on the calorie theory, a "system" that he characterized as the real culprit. "The calorie theory has become one colossal hoax with which commercial interests and the nutrition establishment have been successfully victimizing the hungry dieting public for so long."
Atkins triumphed by redefining the fat person as a victim—not of their own eating habits or metabolism, but of the very diets that claimed to be helping them. The nutrition system has failed you; the diet industry has robbed you; the medical world has misunderstood you; and, most importantly, your body has betrayed you. Atkins pushed his "revolutionary never-hungry-no-limit-steak-and-salad-plus diet" as a healthier, more doable, countercultural alternative to mainstream methods. To follow him was a political act, a way out of feeling fat, hungry and confused.
Once again, my mother failed miserably with Atkins. She followed the plan doggedly for months at a time; then, she inevitably cracked, began eating bread and ballooned. In his FAQ glossary (under "F-Forever"), the question is posed: "Will I never be able to have my favourite carbohydrate dish?" The doctor answers: "Sure, anytime you'd like to gain three or four pounds." My mothergained twenty, then thirty, then forty.
It was around this time—in mid-2000—that she left for Seattle to take a higher-up job with Starbucks. I was in the middle of a university year in Toronto and couldn't go with her. "It's better if you stay here," she said. "I think you need to be on your own for a while." I don't know why, but my mother was convinced that her leaving would solve my weight problem. I began to believe it too. When she left, I was the fattest I had ever been in my life: 263 pounds. Not a month later, I began to shrink.
I lost weight by following a low-fat, low-calorie version of Atkins prescribed to me by a doctor. I wiled away evenings chain-smoking, watching cooking shows and reading cuisine books. I went to grocery stores in the middle of the night, stomach roaring like a vacuum cleaner, and wandered the candy aisles, touching the packaging, scouring the nutritional information, fumblingly putting the items back, shoving my hands in my pockets and running back home.
After fourteen months, I had gouged a full-sized woman out of my own flesh. I felt old and emptied and tired. Yet my fists were forever clenched with hunger and anger. I called my mother and cried. She sighed and said, "Honey, I know it's hard...but you're doing so, so well."
The faults of diets pale in comparison to our desire to change, fast and forever, the fact of our flesh. Diets are the immensely profitable by-product of a culture that holds a physical impossibility as its ideal. "There is one crime against the modern ethics of beauty which is unpardonable; far better it is to commit any number of petty crimes than to be guilty of growing fat," scolded Vogue in 1918. And all we have heard since is its hollow echoes, reverberating across the vile soundboards of magazine and screen. The alarm of the "obesity epidemic" has jingled commercially for over a century.
Nutrition experts such as Hillel Schwartz, Terry Poulton and Peter Stearns have all pointed out that our cultural obsession with slimming preceded our actual weight gain. I know, for instance, that neither my mother nor myself were very big women when we started dieting. But we became so, in part, because of the diets themselves. "Fatness," notes Schwartz, "is so obstinate a problem in our society precisely because it is so richly situated at its centre."
How paradoxical that at the cultural centre of the fattest continent on earth is a blonde celebrity yearning to escape. Bone, teeth, hair and husk comprise the poster girl of our obsession. Nicole Kidman, Brittany Murphy, Mary-Kate Olsen, Lindsey Lohan, Kelly Ripa: their emaciated emblems, gauntly gloating on the covers of magazines, are both the medium and the message.
I've come a long way since my supermarket days, but I'm still struggling with the same problems. No matter how much knowledge I accumulate, no matter how much I scold the diet industry and the media, I am still vulnerable to their message—just like my mother. She wasn't a vain woman. She was not losing weight in order to emulate the glamorous dregs of the televised female form. I know she wasn't losing weight to meet an absurd ideal. She was doing it just to be worthy of a basic standard of respect. She was losing weight to be free from the cultural, medical and political branding that comes with being a large person in North America.
She was still trying to lose weight when she died in 2004, at the age of fifty-four. She died because of what this obsession did to her heart. When I flew to Seattle to pack her things, I found bags and bags of fat clothes in her office, ready to be given away. I went through them all, hugging each shell of her, all the ghosts of all the mothers my mother had ever been. Her fat-girl dresses told their history in perfume and sweat. My mother's history. And mine.
(From the Pop issue, Oct/Nov 2005).


text:
<?php

require __DIR__ . '/../bootstrap.php';

use PayPal\Api\OpenIdSession;

$baseUrl = getBaseUrl() . '/UserConsentRedirect.php?success=true';

// ### Get User Consent URL
// The clientId is stored in the bootstrap file

//Get Authorization URL returns the redirect URL that could be used to get user's consent
$redirectUrl = OpenIdSession::getAuthorizationUrl(
    $baseUrl,
    array('openid', 'profile', 'address', 'email', 'phone',
        'https://uri.paypal.com/services/paypalattributes', 'https://uri.paypal.com/services/expresscheckout'),
    null,
    null,
    null,
    $apiContext
);

ResultPrinter::printResult("Generated the User Consent URL", "URL", 'Click Here to Obtain User Consent', $baseUrl, $redirectUrl);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home > eLessons > Criminal Defendants > How Can You Be Found Guilty of Computer Sabotage When You're No Longer Working For the Company? Easy; Put A Timed Virus Into The System Before You Leave.
How Can You Be Found Guilty of Computer Sabotage When You're No Longer Working For the Company? Easy; Put A Timed Virus Into The System Before You Leave.
Criminal Defendants, Document Custodians, Employees, Information Technology Professionals, Upper Management
On July 31, 1996, plaintiff Omega Engineering Corp. ("Omega"), a New Jersey based company, lost its computer programs relating to design and production permanently from its system.
Omega manufactured "highly specialized and sophisticated industrial process measurement devices and control equipment" for NASA and the United States Navy. The deletion of these programs debilitated their ability for manufacturing as well as costed the company millions of dollars in contracts and sales.
From 1985 to July 10, 1996, defendant Timothy Lloyd worked as the computer system administrator at Omega. He trained with the Novell computer network and installed it to Omega's computer system. The program worked to ensure that all of Omega's documents could be kept on a central file server.
Lloyd was the only Omega employee to maintain the Novell client and have "top-level security access" to it; however, the defense asserted that others at the company had access. According to a government expert, access "means that … [an] account has full access to everything on the server." Lloyd was also the only employee in charge of backing up the information to the server.
In 1994 or 1995, Lloyd became difficult. The company moved him laterally in hopes of improving his behavior. A government witness testified that even though it was a lateral move, it was in fact, considered a demotion by the company. Lloyd's new supervisor asked him about the back-up system and wanted him to loop a couple more people in but he never did. Moreover, he instituted a company-wide policy that employees were no longer allowed to make personal backups of their files.
On top of the above issues, there was also a "substandard performance review and raise." The combination of the two factors, according to the government, showed Lloyd that his employment with the company would soon be terminated. This established Lloyd's motive to sabotage the Omega computer system. On July 10, 1006, Lloyd was terminated.
On July 31, 1996, Omega's file server would not start up. On July 31, "Lloyd told a third party, that "everybody's job at Omega is in jeopardy." days later it was realized that all of the information contained on it were permanently lost. More than 1,200 of Omega's programs were deleted and, as per Lloyd's policy, none of the employees had their own personal backups. There was no way for any of these programs to be recovered.
A search warrant conducted on Lloyd's house turned up some backup tapes and a file server master hard drive. Experts hired by Omega found that the deletion of information was "intentional and only someone with supervisory-level access to the network could have accomplished such a feat." The commands necessary to pull off such a purge were characterized as a "time bomb" set to go off on July 31st when an employee logged into the system. There was evidence found by these experts of Lloyd testing these specific commands three different times. This string of commands was further found on the hard drive that was in Lloyd's home.
Lloyd was convicted of a federal count of computer sabotage. It was remanded due to a jury member's claimed use of outside knowledge during deliberations.
Julie received her J.D. from Seton Hall University School of Law in 2014. Prior to law school, she was a 2008 magna cum laude graduate of Syracuse University, where she earned a B.A. in History and a minor in Religion and Society. After law school, Julie will serve as a law clerk to a judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey.
Computer ForensicsCyberData BreachExpertsFile ServerGood FaithHackHackingLloydNew JerseyNJOmegaTime Bomb


text:
Our Portal
Gen-Next
5 things about
Here's Why
Browse here:
Latest Article By Author
Hrithik Roshan thanks Javed Akthar for being a guide, support and inspiration in his life
James Bond will remain male but could be of any color: Producer Barbara Broccoli
Sonam Kapoor says she is shaken after scary experience in London Uber
Naseeruddin Shah, Manisha Koirala and more to star in Netflix film 'Freedom'
Published On: December 10, 2019 04:20 PM NPT By: Agencies
Here is the official title of 'Conjuring 3'
Photo:Film
Ever since the first 'Conjuring' film released in 2013, the films have been appreciated by critics and audiences alike. And now, with the third part on the way, fans have been treated to its official title. The film will be called 'The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It' and unveiling of the title has already generated a lot of excitement among fans. It will have paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren (played by Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga respectively) reprise their roles in the supernatural horror. The official synopsis of the upcoming film reads as, "The film reveals a chilling story of terror, murder and unknown evil that shocked even experienced real-life paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren. One of the most sensational cases from their files, it starts with a fight for the soul of a young boy, then takes them beyond anything they'd ever seen before, to mark the first time in U.S. history that a murder suspect would claim demonic possession as a defence."]
The film is set to release in September next year. The characters of Ed and Lorraine are based on the real life couple with the same names, who investigated over 10,000 cases of paranormal activities. They established the New England Society for Psychic Research almost 70 years ago.
Their famous case, the Enfield poltergeist, was the subject for 'The Conjuring 2' while the first 'Conjuring' was based on the possessed doll Annabelle, which now has its own film series.
official, title, 'Conjuring_3',
Recommended Story
- by Associated Press
- by Agencies
Copyright 2020 Nepal Republic Media Pvt. ltd, nagariknetwork.com. All right reserved
JDA Complex, Bag Durbar, Kathmandu
mycity@myrepublica.com
Phone Online: 01- 4263457
Phone Reception: 01-4265100


Robotic Cartridge Paint System serves waterborne applications.
Made from cast and machined aluminum, Compact CBS II offers fully integrated robotic solution for internal charge waterborne painting. Process of cleaning and filling one cartridge while painting with other can be custom tuned per color to minimize material waste during color change, which occurs in <10 sec. Along with servo motor drive units for vertical and horizontal cartridge handling motion, features include dual DCUs (Dosing Control Units) and full integration with robot controller.
AUBURN HILLS, Mich. — ABB Robotics has introduced the Compact CBS II, the second generation of its industry leading robotic Cartridge Bell Paint System first introduced in 1998. Made from cast and machined aluminum, this latest innovation is the only fully-integrated robotic solution for internal charge waterborne painting. The lighter, faster and more efficient design is more closely integrated with the system's components, and reduces color change time as much as 50 percent when compared with other solutions.
Able to complete the color change cycle in tandem with the painting process, the Compact CBS II is fully integrated with the robot controller. Other improvements include the addition of servo motor drive units for vertical and horizontal cartridge handling motion, enabling precise angular positioning and process control. The new drives can easily be integrated into existing installations.
The Compact CBS II also has been outfitted with dual DCUs (Dosing Control Units) for precision filling and dosing of paint material from the paint cartridge. The second DCU eliminates the need for any flow meter due to its positive displacement characteristics.
The Compact CBS II is used with the ABB IRB 5500 paint robot, and is designed for applications where a direct-charged applicator solution for waterborne painting is required. This includes the automotive industry and a wide range of general industrial applications such as appliances, furniture, agricultural equipment, small auto parts, custom paint labs, and lawn and garden equipment.


Medium Term (1987-1992) Public Investment Program.
Medium-term Philippine development plan, 1987-1992.
Medium-term public investment program, 1988-1992.
Medium-term public investment program, 1989-1992.
Meeting of the ASEAN Heads of Government, Manila, 14-15 December 1987 and Meeting of the ASEAN Heads of Government and the Prime Minister of Japan, Manila, 15 December 1987.
The memoirs of Elpidio Quirino.
The Metro Manila political road maps /produced & published by J.C. Claret.
Mineral deposits of Japan and the Philippines.
Mobil, 100 years in the Philippines, 1892-1992.
Modelling the impact of small farm mechanization.


text:
Within each of us are stories that have the power to inspire, challenge, motivate and guide generations of our families. The truth is, there is no such thing as an ordinary life. And the stories of our lives are the greatest legacy we can leave to our families and loved ones. Martin Forrestal is dying. From his hospital bed, he conceives a plan to share the stories from his life that will be his greatest legacy to his family. He wants them to know who he was, understand what he believed in, appreciate what he fought for, and see exactly how values shaped and guided his life. Martin takes up a pad of paper, and in large letters writes: What Matters? During a long night of reflection, eighty-two year old Martin identifies the values that matter most to him. His list begins with the value of Love. By the time the sun is rising outside his hospital window, he has identified fourteen values, from Responsibility to Family Unity. As family and friends come to say their good-byes, Martin records his stories. The action of the novel flows back and forth across more than a century, from an icy mountain cave where he was trapped by an avalanche with his Scout Troop, to a tiny coral island in the Pacific that saw some of WW II s bloodiest combat. From a pioneer cabin in old Montana on Christmas morning, to the sweeping plains of the Argentine pampas, Martin recounts how each of the values on his list were forged into his character.
He is not financially wealthy. But he knows that by sharing what matters with generations of his family, he is passing a far more important and enduring legacy than material wealth. What Matters brims with original stories, heartfelt emotions, and the eloquence of simple truths. Many of the chapters can be enjoyed as stand-alone stories.


The familiarity of Killtest 70-697 can be gauged by the fact that it is the first choice of every IT professionals. Killtest Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials include Microsoft 70-697 Practice Questions & Answers, Microsoft 70-697 Practice Testing Software and other Microsoft 70-697 Training Tools for your ultimate Microsoft 70-697 Microsoft Certification Preparation Experience. Microsoft certification on 70-697 test is in fact meant for those IT Engineers who are not only interested to enhance their knowledge in Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials, but also those who are looking for some positive change in their career path.
While using advancement of the data technologies, it appears a lot of internet websites providing the newest prep elements for virtually any the idea qualifications examination. Killtest is the ideal web-site providing the newest Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials. 70-697 examination will be also referred to as Configuring Windows Devices examination plus it's agreed on together with may be used in any areas of the world. Due to the fact Microsoft is just about the respected the idea corporations, individuals validating qualifications products out of Microsoft will be achieved positive results in many approaches. That Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials will certainly meet advisable to the idea pros who want to Microsoft technologies.
It will be a great help to get know how about all intricate aspects of the test. You will come across Killtest Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions, it can help you pass Microsoft 70-697 exam easily. Killtest gives new editions of Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions for enhancing professional skills and knowledge. These questions and answers are useful for understanding exam terminologies and the Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions also very useful. The current IT industry demands a reliable Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions, so that you pass your 70-697 exam in minimum possible time and without wasting much of your money and energies. Killtest Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions presents to you the most tried and tested methods of preparation for the real exam. The Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions provides a very detailed preparation for your exam preparation. Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions is a perfect and proven way to get success in any Microsoft certification exam. This Microsoft Windows 70-697 test questions comprehensively covers all syllabus areas.
Killtest's experts come from different parts of the Industry and are most experienced and qualified to have the opportunity to write the Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials. Killtest provides the most up-to-date information on the entire Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials, Microsoft 70-697 study materials and Microsoft 70-697 test questions will help you in the shortest possible time with maximum efficiency to pass the 70-697 Configuring Windows Devices certification exam.
The ultimate way to get the expertise you will need would be to acquire on the net practice tests for Microsoft assessment. That permits you to work should you have time period. Microsoft source web sites prevent you up to date with the newest reports information about the goings in during the technology community. Killtest offers you model Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials for that lifetime of your current device's license, and we promise your current certification accomplishment after utilizing Killtest own MCP 70-697 test. Applicants can easily come to a decision any of the readily available method to get prepared in this certification assessment by using Killtest in addition to reach the moving ranking.
Killtest Microsoft Windows 70-697 training materials include Microsoft 70-697 Practice Questions & Answers, Microsoft 70-697 Practice Testing Software and other Microsoft 70-697 Training Tools for your ultimate Microsoft 70-697 Microsoft Certification Preparation Experience.


Personalised chocolate wedding favours from only 16p each! We use the finest quality Swiss chocolate and personalise wrappers with your names, date of the wedding/birthday. I have several graphics to choose from, the ones shown in the photos here are just a few of many I can offer… or you can even have a photo of the happy couple if you prefer.
Chocolate favours come in two sizes – 1½" square at 30p each and a smaller size 1½" x nearly 1" at 20p each. I also make a "mint book" with an after dinner mint inside, the design of which is based on old fashioned matchbooks. Each of these personalised wrappers are hand made by me. Your choice of colour for text and borders can be accommodated.
If the bride or groom wish to use a sweet or chocolate that is special to them, I can offer that. Whichever style of favour you choose these personalised sweets make excellent table decorations and will be a unique souvenir of your special day for your guests. They can also be enclosed with "thank you" notes or pieces of cake sent out to those who were unable to attend. I can also cater for birthdays, anniversaries, christenings, hotels, restaurants and corporate chocolates.
Check out my website at www.say-it-with-chocolate.co.uk for further information and pictures or phone me on 524877.


How cute is that adorable rainbow slide?! Use this die set alone or with other sets like Waddles - Rainbow Fun and Rainbows and Happiness to create colorful and fun cards and projects!
Rainbow Slide 2.25" x 2.5" | Rainbow 3" x 1.5" | Clouds 1.5" x 1" | Sun 1" x 1"


text: Q: Android Use Google APIs as Library in Eclipse I am working on android based application which includes few layouts with calls to web services using ksoap and displaying information on the screen. In a list view, I plan to display list of locations in ascending order of distance of location. On clicking the location in listview, application should be able to display driving directions from user's current location to selected location from list. Now to show the driving directions, I need to use Google APIs. For this purpose, I have to change my Project Build Target from Android 4.2.2 to Google APIs. Switching from Android 4.2.2 to Google API helps to start maps but with this change, my other application feature parts stop working. I read many questions online but could not find a similar issue someone  else faced..


text:
Q: Saving django form inside for loop This question is related to this.
I'm planning to save values from my form fields. Below is my code for loop code:
def form_valid(self, form):
        tooth = [18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38]
        tooth.reverse()
        mytooth = {}
        pt = self.kwargs['pk']

        for t in tooth:
            mytooth = self.request.POST.getlist('tooth_' + str(t), [])
            mytooth = " ".join(mytooth)
            form.instance.status = mytooth
            form.instance.position = t
            form.instance.patient = PatientInfo.objects.get(pk=pt)
        return super(DentalRecordCreateView, self).form_valid(form)

The problem is that I can see values using
show = str(t) + mytooth
messages.success(self.request, show)  # display values

but only the field form.instance.patient has value in my db. What am I missing here?

A: I think you're missing the form.save() in your for-loop. That would at least explain why there is no data in your DB.
It should look like:
def form_valid(self, form):
        tooth = [...]
        tooth.reverse()
        mytooth = {}
        pt = self.kwargs['pk']

        for t in tooth:
            mytooth = self.request.POST.getlist('tooth_' + str(t), [])
            mytooth = " ".join(mytooth)
            form.instance.status = me
            form.instance.position = t
            form.instance.patient = PatientInfo.objects.get(pk=pt)
            form.save()

        return super(DentalRecordCreateView, self).form_valid(form)


The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are world-class standards. Learning the CCSS will give students in New Mexico an education equal to the best available in the world.
Common Core State Standards (CCSS) benefit students because they will be better prepared for their futures when they graduate high school. They will benefit community and family because they are a consistent set of expectations for students, no matter what their zip code is. When a family moves, a student's education is often disrupted, as they are forced to repeat material or learn at a different level. With common standards across states, this disruption will be reduced.
Currently, Common Core State Standards exist only for English Language Arts and Mathematics. Common Core standards will be developed in the future for other core subjects such as science and social studies.


In the heart of the Eixample district, H10 Metropolitan transports you back to the boom days of Barcelona's industrial past. From its historic façade to its renovated interior by renowned local designer Lázaro Rosa-Violán, the hotel emanates sophistication and Old-World charm. With a complimentary glass of cava as you check in, you will feel instantly welcome at H10 Metropolitan where staff members pride themselves on ensuring you have a stress-free stay.
From the lush poolside terrace to the airy top-floor sundeck, four-star H10 Metropolitan is ideal for relaxing and escaping the crowds. This industrial-inspired hotel has a quirky library, considered details, and a playful approach to color and texture.
H10 Metropolitan's 85 spacious guestrooms range from singles to deluxe doubles, each with views of either Rambla de Catalunya, Plaça de Catalunya, or the hotel's secluded internal courtyard typically found in Barcelona's Eixample district. Deluxe guestrooms have a private terrace with sun loungers and a hot tub completing your romantic getaway. All guestrooms balance white walls with playful pops of color and polished floors, wood furnishings, and inventive leather accents.
Fuel up for the day at the breakfast buffet, while in the evening, find a barstool at the stylish Eden Bar and ask the bartender to rustle up a signature cocktail. End your evening with a coffee or nightcap at the serene Eden Terrace.
The Kitchen Restaurant – The generous breakfast bar offers row upon row of cured hams and chorizos, cheeses, fruits, breads, and pastries. For something heartier, order hot crêpes, waffles, pancakes, or eggs any style.
Eden Bar – With large leather sofas, stacked bookshelves, and a bicycle on the wall, this bar feels like you are sitting in a private club from a bygone era. Sip a cup of coffee with a book or the newspaper before your day begins, or sink into the plush seats with a gin and tonic and light snack after exploring the city streets.
Eden Terrace – Featuring a pool and sun loungers, this tranquil outdoor space is the perfect place to enjoy a coffee or glass of wine while nibbling on a croqueta or two.
This dynamic neighborhood has no shortage of restaurants, from Michelin-starred establishments to traditional tapas eateries. Enjoy authentic Catalan cuisine at Embat, or be spoiled for choice at El Nacional – here you'll find four restaurants under one roof in a converted car garage. There's also Barcelona's world-famous indoor food market, Mercat de la Boqueria, where you can peruse stalls selling fresh produce or grab a stool at El Pinotxo.
Make the most of Barcelona's sunshine while sitting out on your private terrace, on the top-floor deck, or the ground-floor open-air pool surrounded by sun loungers.
including La Sagrada Família — the bustling charm of Las Ramblas, and the holiday vibe of Barceloneta Beach. For lunch or dinner, find traditional tapas or a surf-and-turf meal of local ingredients.
In the heart of Eixample's organized grid system, H10 Metropolitan's location stands out among the predominantly Gothic architecture of Barcelona's old town.
Barcelona's El Prat Airport is just under 10 mi / 16 km away.
The Catalunya metro station is a one-minute walk from the hotel.
Buses to Barcelona leave from the Plaça de Catalunya at the end of the street.


text:
turner-game-2-hawks-970x442.jpg
Watch It! – Game 3 - Hawks at Celtics
Posted: Apr 22, 2016
Here are five things to watch out for when the Boston Celtics and the Atlanta Hawks meet at 8 p.m. tonight at TD Garden.
Lineup Shift
Brad Stevens was asked Thursday afternoon whether or not he's considering a lineup change. He answered with a vague, "Yes." He was then asked if he had made any decisions regarding a possible change, and he answered vaguely again, saying, "Not yet."
Realistically, there are only three changes the coach is considering. First, he could start Evan Turner instead of Marcus Smart. Second, he could start a shooter like R.J. Hunter instead of Smart or Turner. Third, he could move Amir Johnson to center and start any combination of Smart, Turner and Hunter.
The most likely scenario is the latter, seeing as that's how Boston started the second half of Game 2. Stevens removed Jared Sullinger from the starting group and ran with a fivesome of Isaiah Thomas, Smart, Turner, Jae Crowder and Johnson.
What Needs to Change?
Something other than the lineup will need to change for Boston tonight. Shuffling players into different roles isn't going to set the offense on fire, and that's exactly what the Celtics need.
Boston's offense was brutally inefficient during Game 2. Its top shooting quarter of the game was the second quarter, when it made 45.5 percent of its shots. The team shot 31.8 percent overall during the game.
Something will need to change within Boston's offense tonight, outside of simply connecting on more shots. It could be more post-up plays, as was covered Thursday. It could be more of an emphasis on transition play. Or it could be something else. One way or another, the Celtics are going to need to get creative to find ways to put the ball through the basket without Avery Bradley and likely Kelly Olynyk.
Concentrate on Defense
All of the talk surrounding Boston's play has to do with offense. Here's a suggestion: don't forget about the defense. After all, defense wins championships, right?
Boston scored only seven points during the first quarter of Game 2 but stayed within striking distance because of the way it played at the other end of the court. Atlanta managed to shoot only 40.9 percent from the field during the first quarter and made only 39.0 percent of its shots on the night.
The Celtics want to turn things around in regard to their first-quarter play, but it all starts with their defense. That's where they need to play at a high level, and if they do, the odds say that the offense will follow suit.
Hawks Searching, Too
Atlanta heads into tonight's game with a 2-0 series lead. Such would make a casual fan assume that the Hawks are playing at a much higher level than Boston, but they've had their struggles as well.
As noted in the above segment, Atlanta made only 39.0 percent of its shots during Game 2. That performance came after the Hawks made only 40.7 percent of their shots during a slim 102-101 win in Game 1.
The Hawks are up 2-0, but they'd be the first to admit that they haven't yet come close to playing their best basketball during this series.
Need Some Home Cookin'
Philips Arena isn't exactly known as the most intimidating arena in the league, but when any crowd – including Atlanta's – has a reason to cheer in the Playoffs it can make some serious noise. The Hawks faithful were no exception.
Atlanta's crowd certainly played a role in Games 1 and 2 when the Hawks made big runs and big plays. Now its time for Boston's crowd to do the same, and then some.
The Boston faithful have been waiting nine days to see their Celtics take the parquet. The last time they were in the Garden, the C's pulled off a miraculous comeback during the season finale that had the city rocking. There's no doubt that the building will be oozing energy tonight, and the hope is that such a fact will push Boston to its first win in the series.
Bradley, Avery, Hunter, RJ, Johnson, Amir, Olynyk, Kelly, Smart, Marcus
Bradley, Avery
Reunited Ex-Celtics Bradley, Rivers Set to Take on Former Team
Pregame Post-Ups: C's Set to Face Bradley for 1st Time
Hunter, RJ
4/9 Arbella Quote Worthy: Celtics at Wizards
Biofreeze Keys to the Game: Celtics 116, Wizards 110
Johnson, Amir
Series Preview: Celtics vs. Cavaliers
Johnson Returns to Boston as Beloved Enemy of C's


Two former Mercedes Benz employees are suing a Manhattan based dealership after they were allegedy fired for complaining about a racist work environment.
The Huffington Post reports that Burnell Guyton and Andre Grammer found grafitti in the showroom's bathroom featuring swastikas, an image of a stick figure hanging from a noose, and phrases like "Burnell is a dumb as [sic] n*****," according to a lawsuit filed earlier this week.
"It really hurts to find out that you're judged by the color of your skin and not by the quality of work that you bring to the table," Guyton told The Huffington Post, referring to when he first saw the bathroom graffiti.
Mercedez Benz Manhattan told the Huffington Post in a statement that the claims were absolutely baseless.


text:
Release from Eaton
Data Centre Monitoring Voted Australian IT Manager's "Most Consistent Challenge" and "Most Time Consuming Task"
Eaton Agrees to Acquire Wright Line, Leading Data Centre Enclosure and Air Flow Management System Manufacturer
announced over 10 years
Eaton and SimpliVity Deliver First Power Management Solution Validated to Operate with a Hyperconverged Infrastructure
About Eaton
Eaton is a power management company with 2013 sales of US $22.0 billion. Eaton provides energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power more efficiently, safely and sustainably. Eaton has approximately 102,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries. For more information, visit www.eaton.com.
Eaton Launches Eaton 93PM UPS
Combines Unprecedented Efficiency, Reliability and Scalability with Eye-Catching Design
Diversified industrial manufacturer, Eaton, today announced the availability of its next-generation Eaton 93PM UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) which provides users with industry-leading energy efficiency, compact data centre floor space footprint, as well as easy deployment and ongoing management.
The Eaton 93PM UPS is a new 3-phase double conversion UPS solution that keeps critical applications running efficiently. The units are designed to meet the reliability needs of IT managers in the most demanding environments including virtualised and cloud data centres, co-location facilities and mission-critical applications. In addition, its power factor of 1.0 enables the 93PM to cover power ratings from 30 to 50 kVA/kW and offers industry-leading levels of energy efficiency in a compact 0.5 m² footprint.
Eaton is committed to developing integrated solutions that deliver power in a more efficient and sustainable manner and the 93PM UPS reduces the number one concern of data centre operators - the cost of energy. Its modern multilevel converter technology ensures that the Eaton 93PM UPS operates at a Double Conversion efficiency of 96.7% and an Energy Saver System (ESS) efficiency of 99%, resulting in significant savings in operational costs and protection from any abnormalities in utility power.
In ESS mode, load is powered securely through static bypass line with double conversion available on-demand with typical two minutes transition time in the event of any abnormality on supply source. When operating in ESS mode, load is protected with inherent surge suppression. As a result, the units enable users to optimise Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) while ensuring ultimate reliability and continuous load availability.
Eaton's Intelligent Power Software Suite enables users to monitor and manage all the power devices on the network. The Intelligent Power Manager (IPM) software is compatible with major operating systems as well as virtualisation software. As a result, the 93PM UPS easily integrates with leading virtualised IT environments such as VMware vCenter, Microsoft Systems Center and Citrix XENCenter.
In case of a power failure IPM can trigger actions like live migration of virtual machines, controlled shutdown or disaster recovery, and movement of critical applications to available servers within an organisation or to a co-located facility or public cloud.
Unique charging algorithms integrated within Eaton's proven Advanced Battery Management technology prolongs battery service life significantly compared to traditional charging methods. Automatic battery tests ensure any defects on batteries are detected and failed blocks replaced on time. At the same time, battery health data is available for easy viewing through a display enabling system maintenance to be better planned and scheduled ahead.
The Eaton 93PM UPS also features an intuitive touch screen LCD interface built into the front of the unit which provides the essential information onsite like power quality, energy consumption and efficiency trends – both as data and graphics. Thanks to a standard web interface, users also have the option to monitor and manage the 93PM remotely and integrate the unit into IT and facility management systems.
"The new range of Eaton 93PM UPSs confirms and strengthens our position in energy efficiency and is the most efficient system in its class available on the market today," said Michael Mallia, Marketing Manager Asia Pacific – Power Quality, Eaton.
Eaton is a diversified power management company providing energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power. With 2012 sales of $16.3 billion, Eaton is a global technology leader in electrical products, systems and services for power quality, distribution and control, power transmission, lighting and wiring products; hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment; aerospace fuel, hydraulics and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use; and truck and automotive drivetrain and powertrain systems for performance, fuel economy and safety. Eaton acquired Cooper Industries plc in 2012. Eaton has approximately 103,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries. For more information, visit www.eaton.com.


The event took place on October 17, 2018 in the Main Auditorium at UMass Dartmouth.
The third annual Reverend Dr. Robert Lawrence Lecture was hosted by the university's Leduc Center for Civic Engagement at UMass Dartmouth. Over 350 high school students were in attendance to learn about using their voices to effect change.


The Dervish House is the third of McDonald's loose "city" series: books that look at an extrapolated near future of a developing country and try very hard to enmesh the reader in a vision of the future more native to that culture and city than the Western European or American future that science fiction normally shows. The previous books looked at India ( River of Gods ) and Brazil ( Brasyl ). This one looks at Turkey, specifically Istanbul.
If you've read either of the previous books, you know roughly what to expect here, although The Dervish House is more like River of Gods than Brasyl . It's a mosaic novel following all the people who live in and around the titular house: the proprietor of an antiquities shop, whose husband is a trader; a woman trying to make a career in marketing; a man who is offering his brother, caught in a terrorist bombing at the start of the book that fails to kill anyone but the bomber, a place to stay while he works at a disaster recovery site for a corporation; an elderly Greek man, a former professor and a genius with data, who didn't leave the country with most of his compatriots years before; and a married couple with a boy with a heart condition that leads him to be voluntarily deafened. McDonald moves from one to the next, advancing each of their stories in small steps, having them weave in and around each other and react to glimpses and angles of the others' experiences. Some are close, such as the Greek man and the boy; some rarely interact. All of them interact with Istanbul, with technology and progress, and with the complicated idea of Turkey and its future.
As with the other McDonald books, I have to state the huge disclaimer for this review: I'm not Turkish, have never been to Turkey, and know very little about the culture. I therefore have no way of judging how accurate McDonald's portrayal is, and for a book like this, accuracy is overwhelmingly important. As with the previous books he's written, it feels right. It has a deep, immersive sense of verisimilitude; one can feel the heat, hear the traffic, and see the crowds of people. And the story is not told in reference to a European or American. Everyone in this story is either Turkish or Greek, and McDonald tries to tell their stories on their own terms within their own context. That said, it could be horribly wrong in specifics or in general, and I wouldn't have noticed.
McDonald varies between good and excellent when writing short stories, which makes the mosaic novel a natural form for him. Each of the threads of the mosaic is tight, interesting, and well-characterized. McDonald is good at building character quickly, at pushing the reader into the life of a character and making their struggles and observations come alive. They don't, however, interact much until the end of the story, which sometimes gives the book a scattered feeling. At times, I wished I could read just one of the stories in isolation, focus on it to completion and then move to the next rather than having McDonald cut away. Only at times, though; in other places, the mosaic effect worked wonderfully, providing multiple angles and views on the same event and showing how common experience leads to different understandings.
I think one of the hardest challenges of this type of book is that the reader wants every viewpoint character to have a clear story arc and a satisfying ending. The more characters there are, the harder that is to pull off. River of Gods suffered because of this; several of my favorite characters didn't get satisfying stories. McDonald went with a smaller cast in Brasyl and therefore had fewer problems. Here, he's back to the large cast, and that means that a few of the stories trailed off rather than hitting a payoff I was hoping for.
While there is an overall plot that wraps together most (if not all) of the story threads at the end of the novel, even when they seem entirely unrelated, The Dervish House is a book to read for the atmosphere rather than the plot. McDonald is an evocative writer who excels at creating an immersive sense of place, and he does that as well here as in any of the three city books. The description of the bird that starts the novel is a beautiful piece of writing that's a sign of things to come. I had some problems with the cohesiveness and consistency of payoff, and I had trouble warming to all of the characters, but even with those problems this is a book worth reading. If you liked McDonald's previous city novels, seek this out. It's more of the same.
One final note on format, since unfortunately an ebook let me down again. I don't know if it's the publisher's fault or a flaw in the Kindle platform, but apparently this book could not be produced in an adequate multilingual font. Given that it makes extensive use of Turkish characters for names and some borrowed words, this is a problem. The letters ğ and ş are reproduced as poor-quality bitmap images embedded in words and are about twice the size as the surrounding letters in the font size that I normally read. This is remarkably annoying and significantly hurt my enjoyment of the book. It's a similar effect to reading a book littered with typos: the text kept forcing itself to my attention rather than flowing and letting me get immersed in the story. This by itself knocked a full point off my rating.
Ebooks have a lot of promise, but the technology is clearly not there yet. It's both sad and pathetic that I can reproduce characters more easily on my personal web pages than a major publisher can on the most popular ebook platform. This is the third time (in six books) that formatting problems have been a serious annoyance, although the first time that showed up in a book that wasn't free. If you're interested in reading this book, find a paper copy, or at least check that your electronic copy doesn't have this flaw.


Amazon lists 364 books citing Propp's Morphology of the Folktale. Most deal with studies of folklore, myth, film, and literary theory. Google Scholar also results in over 300 hits. Here are a few sample projects from the past few years.
Teatrix: A learning environment to help students tell stories collaboratively, using autonomous agents following the dictates of their role and user-controlled agents. Based on a drama model, and an aim of merging acting, reading, and writing into one supported environment/process. Based on watching children acting in O Nosso Sonho school.
Step One: Setup. Choose characters. 6 possible roles: hero, villain, helper, magician, beloved one, relatives. Setup scenes and items as well.
Step Two: Story Creation. Each user sees world from placement of their characters. Those characters without a user follow rules of their role--for instance, villain's primary goal is to harm the hero. Users interact according to their role, w/ story emerging from interaction, often with a director in charge to produce coherent performance structure.
Step Three: Story writing. Playback story, rewind, write about it or critique it.
2 parts of the system: World (modeling, ontology, animation, scene regions, change, etc) and Agents.
Mind -- behavior: knowledge of the world, goal, emotional state (preferences for actions), possible actions and probably consequences. When played by a character, mind is passive and character will not act, but will still respond and maintain goals and emotional state. Also filters sensory info based on importance/relevance.
Body -- representation in the world. Physical characteristics, effects of emotional state.
Effectors -- actions. 3 stages: meet preconditions and verify world state (character thinks its possible based on world view, but is it really?), execution, finalization (updating world).
Sensors -- aquiring info about world state.
Inventory -- item possession. One in hand, rest in pack.
Director agent. God-like figure who determines when story is over; can be controlled by user. Sensors inall world locales, can insert new items and characters, and knows every action. Can send messages to all characters, and even control them.
Server for initial creator, which also contains director, system clock, and resovles conflicts (two agents grab same object, etc). Client modules have complete info about the world. A local agent, and only clones of non-local agents (no minds, repeating actions sent by cloned source), based on coupling model of Java Match Maker library.
System in use in schools, but has not yet been evaluated.
Also mention of SAGA-Support and Guidance Architecture for guiding virtual world interaction and collaboration.
Gaps exist between story generation (top down to individual actions, adding more detail) and nat lang processing (usually single sentences, only starting to do multi-paragraphs).
Older story generation projects: TALE-SPIN (Meehan 1977), UNIVERSE (Lebowitz 1985). Recent story generation systems--MINSTREL (Turner 1994) and JOSEPH (Lang 1997) focus on character and plot. Missing decent linguistic structure.
Most NLP focuses on explanation generation of scientific or instructional texts; not narrative generation.
Narrative domain includes certain features: dialog, personal pronouns and motivations, use of past, future, and present tenses, diversity of narrative writing styles, formatting (breaks, emphasis, etc). Each of these have sub-issues.
Story planning mechanisms and story grammers; verses Proppian fabula (sum knowledge and facts about narrative world) and suzget (order of specifics about what an author presents in what order). AUTHOR uses latter.
Details of paragraph and sentence structuring, avoiding repetitive sentences, etc.
74 fabula operators; 253 narrative stream primitives => inputs to the pipeline.
Tested by turning off certain features of the pipeline (or substituting a finite state automaton) to generate 1 story each for 10 setups. Then had humans rate them in terms of style, grammer, flow, readability, logic, detail, believability, etc. Rated best with all, but lexical choice feature not that important (especially when subjects assumed the story was meant for children).
Using agents at different levels: plot, narrative, presentation. Not purely scripted nor purely character-driven.
Virtual Storyteller, from University of Twente in Netherlands. Attemping to create a VR storyteller--embodied, talking agent with gestures, etc.
Autonomous characters, controlled -> plot, NLP -> narrative discourse, presented -> VR storyteller. And interactivity.
Plot - events that occur in the fictional world; story content, casually related.
These are usually done together, but could have one plot giving many narratives, and each narrative having many presentations.
Plot requirements: consistent (events are naturally ordered, in accordance with world, and character's actions match their personality/motivation/previous actions); well-structured (beginning, introduction of problem; middle, climax; ending, success or failure). Necessary, but not sufficent--need conflict, suspense, interesting themes and characters, and good/exciting presentation.
Character-based generation. Bottom-up approach based on intelligent agents choosing actions based on internal state and perceptions of the virtual world. Basis for Talespin text story generation system. Used currently by Stern et al. (Catz and Dogz). Tends for consistent plots--matching characters' motivations. But often lack story structure, especially with primarily reactive characters. Better with strongly goal-driven characters, but not guaranteed--story cut short by death or easy success.
Scripted plots. Characters have no autonomy, but driven by either authored or generated plot script. Generation usually relies on Propp. [See R. Lang "Declarative model for simple narratives" 1999, L Pemberton "Modular approach to story generation." 1989.] Often hollow characters, simply filling in functions in the story grammer. (Exception: Universe system where plot based on detailed character info. Lebowitz, "Planning Stories." 1987.) Limited interaction/replay value.
Intermediate approaches. A script with room for improv and expansion.
Script as part of characters' knowledge [Cavazza, Charles, Mead "Agents' interaction in virtual storytelling. Intelligent Virtual Agents 2001.] (prespecifying all script branches); Hayes-Roth, Van Gent, Huber, "Acting in character", 1997. (ensuring essential plot points)].
Use of virtual director [Kelso, Weyhrauch, Bates. "Dramatic presence" 1993. (ensuring essential plot points); Young, "Notes on the use of plan structures in creation of interaction plot" 1999.].
Just inserting small narrative fragments [Stern, "Virtual Babyz: Believable agents with narrative intelligence." 1999.].
Storyteller architecture: characters, acting based on goals and world state. Check in with narrator, who has knowledge of story structure (and world state). Also a narrator and presenter. Built using Java Agent Development Environment (core agents) and Java Expert System Shell (for creating rule base, making rational agents) and Protege (free, for specifying ontology and knowledge-base, to design a story world). Presenter is an MSAgent coupled to the system.
Currently, characters quite simple. Also, director very loose with few restrictions. Have not yet implemented a Proppian story knowledge.
Director could include a user-model to prefer one possible event over another. (N. Szilas. "A new approach to interactive drama", 2001.) Also experience with different character roles and plot structures, which architecture should allow.
Narrator agent then takes story and turns the system events into natural language (ala Calloway and Lester's critiques). Currently only narrates as events happens; hopefully later will be able to narrate after story, at varying levels of detail, etc.
Presenter then tells story. Hope to expand this later; also, explore virtual drama where characters have bodies and the narrator requires more theatre-oriented knowledge.
Interactivity: 1) Let user choose characters and motivations. 2) Let the user take on some of the directing. 3) Let the user control a character ala RPG. In this case, how would the director maintain control?
Related work that doesn't use pre-scripted plots: Szilas, where virtual narrator chooses the actions based on criteria, but actions come from story grammer nor from characters. Teatrix, though there the narrator aids children's creation process rather than creating the story itself. M. Lee (A Model of Story Generation, CS, UManchester Master's thesis, 1994.) text-based generation where characters plan within limits set by story grammer. No director, but does introduce new characters when plot gets stuck; top-down story creation from grammer rather than characters.
Concl: semi-autonomous character-driven plots w/o inconsistencies due to pre-defined script. Yet director still provides for plot structuring.
Braun, Norbert. "Automated Narration - The path to interactive storytelling."
Braun, Norbert. "Storytelling & Conversation to Improve the Fun Factor in Software Applications" Funology, From Usability to Enjoyment, Chapter 19. 2003.
Aiming at top-down conversational user interfaces.
Bates; Mateas & Stern are working bottom-up: agent-based narrative generation with believable agents. Agents don't know what's thrilling, nor how to incorporate user into their stories.
Influening a story has broad meaning: generation of a story (Bringsjord & Ferrucci), guiding of what should happen (Bates, Strickland, Laurel, etc), to complete definition of all possiblities (ie, Joyce's Afternoon).
By building top-down, we admit a story goal, and thus an end. Use Propp, select from possible stories, filling in scenes based on context constraints. Also possible to change underlying morphology.
Story management vs. discourse management.
Non-linear storytelling: telling a story with audience-impact on the storyline, but not the story goal (supposed end of story).


text:
Q: Complex integration $\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \frac{\sin^2 t}{3+\cos t}dt$ I'm trying to evaluate the integral $$\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \frac{\sin^2 t}{3+\cos t}dt$$ using complex numbers.
Meaning, instead of calculating $$\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \frac{\sin^2 t}{3+\cos t}dt,$$ I want to calculate the integral $$\int_\Gamma \frac{\sin^2 z}{3+\cos z}dz$$ where $\Gamma$ is half the circle with center at origin and radius $\pi$ (in the positive direction), and then the straight line on the $x$ axis from $-\pi$ to $\pi$.
We know that this integral is $0$ because $$\frac{\sin^2 z}{3+\cos z}$$ is analytic in the entire area bounded by $\Gamma$. So that's not an issue, but to evaluate our original integral, we need to now calculate $$\int_\gamma \frac{\sin^2 z}{3+\cos z}dz$$ where $\gamma$ is just the upper half of the circle I mentioned above. Without the line that goes from $-\pi$ to $\pi$ on the $x$ axis.
How do I calculate this integral?
Edit: A good parametrization might be $z=\pi e^{i\theta}$ where $0 \leq \theta \leq \pi$. And then we need to calculate the integral $$\int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{\sin^2 (\pi e^{i \theta})}{3+\cos (\pi e^{i\theta})}i\pi e^{i\theta} d\theta.$$ Doesn't seem easy to do.

A: By setting $z=e^{it}$, we have $dz=i e^{it} dt$, so $dt=-\frac{i}{z}dz$ and:
$$ I = \int_{-\pi}^{+\pi}\frac{\sin^2 t}{3+\cos t}\,dt = -i\oint \frac{\left(\frac{z-1/z}{2i}\right)^2}{z\left(3+\frac{z+1/z}{2}\right)}\,dz=i\oint\frac{(1-z^2)^2}{z^2(1+6z+z^2)}\,dz$$
where the path of integration is the unit circle. The integrand function $f(z)=\frac{(1-z^2)^2}{z^2(1+6z+z^2)}$ has two poles inside the unit disk, in $z=0$ and $z=-3+\sqrt{8}$. The last integral can be computed by applying the residue theorem:
$$ I = -2\pi\cdot\sum_{\xi\in\{0,-3+\sqrt{8}\}}\operatorname{Res}(f(z),z=\xi)=-2\pi(-3+2\sqrt{2})=\color{red}{2\pi(3-\sqrt{8})}.$$


text:
Home >> Encyclopedia
Topics: Judges and Justices
Abe Fortas
Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas wrote several influential First Amendment opinions, including Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969...
Alex Kozinski
Alex Kozinski, a former judge on the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, is well-known for his First Amendment writings in the areas of commercial speech and...
Amy Coney Barrett
Amy Coney Barrett was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court in October 2020 to fill a vacancy after Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg died. Still new to the court, it...
Anthony Kennedy
Anthony Kennedy has frequently been the swing vote in First Amendment cases. He has tended to side with protections for free speech and accommodation on...
Antonin Scalia
Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia viewed First Amendment protections in a narrow fashion. He was a staunch conservative and viewed the Constitution as an...
Arthur Goldberg
Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg was a consistent vote for the protection of First Amendment freedoms, including in the landmark case New York Times Co. v...
Benjamin Cardozo
Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo authored many opinions that supported freedom of the press and free speech, which he viewed as the foundation of liberty...
Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh, confirmed in 2018, authored many First Amendment decisions while on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. Among...
Byron White
Byron Raymond White was a Supreme Court justice whose First Amendment opinions tended to give less importance to press freedom and student speech concerns...
Charles Hughes
Charles Hughes was a Supreme Court justice twice. He supported relatively broad First Amendment protections while and helped preserve judicial independence...
Justice Clarence Thomas has surprised observers with his independent vision on First Amendment issues, including questioning interpretations of the...
Damon Keith
Damon Keith was a long-serving judge on the Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and an important figure in protecting civil rights. He authored many First...
David Souter
Supreme Court Justice David Souter often showed sensitivity to First Amendment values. He was a consistent voice for the protection of free-expression...
Earl Warren
Chief Justice Earl Warren's Court was known for rulings backing civil rights and a number of First Amendment milestones, including New York Times Co. v....
Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan, known for her deep knowledge of First Amendment issues, has written opinions in many Supreme Court First Amendment cases...
Felix Frankfurter
While Justice Felix Frankfurter championed civil rights, he frequently voted to limit civil liberties and was not one of the great defenders of the First...
Francis Murphy
Supreme Court Justice Francis W. Murphy wrote eloquently about First Amendment freedoms, repeatedly voicing his belief that religious freedom deserved great...
Frederick Vinson
Supreme Court Chief Justice Frederick Vinson tended to favor national security over First Amendment freedom of speech, and was a moderate on race relations...
Harlan Fiske Stone
Harlan Fiske Stone served as an associate justice and chief justice on the Supreme Court, where he showed sensitivity to civil liberties and First Amendment...
Harry Blackmun
Harry Andrew Blackmun was an associate justice on the U.S. Supreme Court, best known for writing the majority opinion in Roe v. Wade that overturned most state...
Hugo Black
Supreme Court Justice Hugo Lafayette Black is considered to be one of the most influential justices of his time. On First Amendment issues, Black was considered...
J. Skelly Wright
James Skelly Wright was a highly respected federal judge who was perhaps best known for his impact on civil rights and desegregation, specifically in New...
Under John Marshall's leadership, the Court expanded the role of the national government and limited the reach of the First Amendment to actions of the national...
John Marshall Harlan I
Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan I transformed himself over time from being an advocate of slavery to becoming a strong defender of First Amendment...
John Marshall Harlan II
Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan II was an architect of First Amendment jurisprudence in obscenity law, freedom of association, expressive conduct,...
Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens contributed mightily to First Amendment jurisprudence and seemingly became more speech-protective in his later years on...
John Roberts Jr.
Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. has had an indelible impact on the First Amendment in his time on the Court. He has proven to be sensitive to First Amendment...
Joseph Story
Justice Joseph Story was arguably the greatest scholar ever to serve on the Supreme Court. His Court opinions and his writings reveal his perspective on First...
Learned Hand
Billings Learned Hand served as a federal district and appellate judge and had enormous influence on the law understanding in the United States, specifically...
Lewis Powell Jr.
Supreme Court Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. was conservative on matters of crime and law enforcement but liberal on First Amendment matters concerning separation...
Louis Brandeis
Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis defended the First Amendment and expressed that the best way to combat harmful speech is "more speech, not forced silence...
Michael McConnell
Michael W. McConnell is a scholar on issues relating to First Amendment religion issues. He has argued against extreme views of separation of church and state...
Neil Gorsuch
While his record on the Supreme Court has yet to be determined, Justice Neil Gorsuch showed sensitivity toward First Amendment issues while on the court of...
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes was a civil libertarian who protected the First Amendment from encroachments, particularly during and after World War I...
Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts was known for protecting First Amendment freedoms and wrote several landmark decisions regarding protected free expression...
Potter Stewart
Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart had a mixed record in First Amendment cases but was often supportive of individual liberty in cases involving speech and...
Richard Posner
Richard Allen Posner, one of the most influential jurists and legal theorists in the United States today, has written numerous First Amendment opinions as an...
Robert Jackson
Robert Jackson, a Supreme Court justice from 1941 to 1954, believed strongly in separation of church and state and free speech protections First Amendment...
Robert Sack
As an attorney, Robert Sack, now a judge on the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals, defended the press in libel and other cases relating to First Amendment freedoms...
Roy Moore
Roy Moore was a controversial chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court who gained notoriety for his conservative stances about the First Amendment issue of...
Ruth Ginsburg
The second woman to serve on the Supreme Court, Ruth Bader Ginsburg has interpreted the First Amendment to provide for a high degree of separation of church and...
Samuel Alito Jr.
Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito has shown some sensitivity to religious liberty in First Amendment cases but his record on free speech cases has been...
Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court, was often a key swing vote known for her opinions in the area of religious liberty...
Since her appointment to the Supreme Court in 2009, Justice Sonia Sotomayor generally has been a consistent defender of First Amendment values on the bench...
Stanley Reed
Stanley F. Reed was a Supreme Court justice from 1938-1957. He wrote several First Amendment opinions, in which he often sided with the government in...
Stephen Breyer
Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer generally decides First Amendment cases pragmatically rather than on the basis of rigid ideology, making his votes more...
Justice Thurgood Marshall was the first African-American to serve on the Supreme Court. He consistently championed First Amendment and other individual rights...
Tom Clark
Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark is probably best known in First Amendment jurisprudence for his measured opinion in Abington School District v. Schempp (1963...
Warren Burger
Chief Justice Warren Burger introduced the Lemon test for determining whether government actions violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment...
William Brennan Jr.
Supreme Court Justice William Brennan Jr. was an outspoken defender of the First Amendment freedoms of speech and the press against threats of government...
William Douglas
Justice William O. Douglas was one of the Court's most controversial members as well as one of its most passionate defenders of individual freedoms and First...
William Rehnquist
Supreme Court Associate and Chief Justice William Rehnquist was not known as a defender of First Amendment rights, but he protective of some aspects of the...
William Taft
William Howard Taft is the only person to have served as both President and then chief justice of the United States. His Court began to apply the First...
Recent Posts by Free Speech Center
Nev. judge: Slain reporter's sources an issue for high court to decide Journalist deaths jumped 50% in 2022, led by Ukraine, Mexico, Haiti 4 Oath Keepers convicted of Jan. 6 seditious conspiracy Federal appeals court upholds Wis. city's billboard ordinance Free Speech Center newsletter - 1/24/23