text:
<?php

namespace NW\UserBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use NW\UserBundle\Entity\usuario;
use NW\UserBundle\Entity\Novias;
use NW\UserBundle\Entity\Novios;
use NW\UserBundle\Entity\registroproveedores;
use NW\UserBundle\Entity\Reportero;
use NW\PrincipalBundle\Entity\Bodas;

use NW\UserBundle\Form\Type\PostRegistroType;
use NW\UserBundle\Form\Type\RegistroType;
use NW\UserBundle\Form\Type\ReporteroType;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\SecurityContext;

use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Length;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\NotBlank;

class UserController extends Controller
{

    public function pruebasAction()
    {
        $this->get('security.context')->setToken(null);
        $this->get('request')->getSession()->invalidate();
        return new Response('Hola mundo');
    }

    public function loginnoviosAction()
    {
        $request = $this->getRequest();
        $session = $request->getSession();

        // get the login error if there is one
        if ($request->attributes->has(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR)) {
            $error = $request->attributes->get(
                SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR
            );
        }
        else {
            $error = $session->get(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
            $session->remove(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
        }

        return $this->render(
            'NWUserBundle:User:login.html.twig',
            array(
                // last username entered by the user
                'last_username' => $session->get(SecurityContext::LAST_USERNAME),
                'error'         => $error,
            )
        );
    }

    public function loginproveedoresAction()
    {
        $request = $this->getRequest();
        $session = $request->getSession();

        // get the login error if there is one
        if ($request->attributes->has(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR)) {
            $error = $request->attributes->get(
                SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR
            );
        }
        else {
            $error = $session->get(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
            $session->remove(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
        }

        return $this->render(
            'NWUserBundle:User:loginProveedores.html.twig',
            array(
                // last username entered by the user
                'last_username' => $session->get(SecurityContext::LAST_USERNAME),
                'error'         => $error,
            )
        );
    }

    public function changePassAction($id)
    {
        $request = $this->getRequest();

        // Se quiere cambiar la contraseña
        if($id)
        {
            // Buscar el usuario
            $userEntity = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager()->getRepository('NWUserBundle:User');
            $user = $userEntity->find($id);
            $username = $user->getUsername();

            // Inicio de Sesión
            $session = $request->getSession();

            // get the login error if there is one
            if ($request->attributes->has(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR)) {
                $error = $request->attributes->get(
                    SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR
                );
            }
            else {
                $error = $session->get(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
                $session->remove(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
            }

            // Formulario de cambio de contraseña
            $formChangePass = $this->createFormBuilder()
                ->add('newPass', 'password')
                ->add('Cambiar', 'submit')
                ->getForm();

            $exitoActualizacion = false;

            // Obtener formuario de cambio de contraseña
            $formChangePass->handleRequest($request);
            if($formChangePass->isValid())
            {
                // Cambiar contraseña del usuario
                $user->setPlainPassword($formChangePass["newPass"]->getData());
                $this->get('fos_user.user_manager')->updateUser($user, false);
                $this->getDoctrine()->getManager()->flush();

                // Ya se actualizó la contraseña
                $exitoActualizacion = true;
            }

            return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:changePass.html.twig', array(
                'exitoActualizacion' => $exitoActualizacion,
                'formChangePass' => $formChangePass->createView(),
                'last_username' => $session->get(SecurityContext::LAST_USERNAME),
                'error'         => $error,
                'username' => $username
            ));

        }

        // Formulario de correo
        $formCorreo = $this->createFormBuilder()
            ->add('email', 'email')
            ->add('Continuar', 'submit')
            ->getForm();

        // Obtener formuario
        $formCorreo->handleRequest($request);
        if($formCorreo->isValid())
        {
            // Buscar el usuario
            $userEntity = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager()->getRepository('NWUserBundle:User');
            $user = $userEntity->findOneBy(array('email' => $formCorreo['email']->getData()));
            $id = $user->getId();

            $redirect = $this->generateUrl('nw_principal_changepass', array('id' => $id));
            return $this->redirect($redirect);
        }

        return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:cualmail.html.twig', array(
            'formCorreo' => $formCorreo->createView()
        ));

    }

    public function postregistronoviosAction(Request $request)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        // Obtener usuario
        $user = $this->getUser();

        // Generando el formulario de registro de los novios y usuario
        $formData['novias'] = new Novias();
        $formData['novios'] = new Novios();
        $form = $this->createForm(new PostRegistroType(), $formData); // Formulario de usuarios mezclado con el de novias y novios

        // Recuperando formularios
        if('POST' === $request->getMethod()) {
            // Formulario de datos de la boda
            if ($request->request->has($form->getName())) {
                // Solicitando datos del formulario para ver si recuperar los datos, mostrar error o mostrar formulario
                $form->handleRequest($request);
                if ($form->isValid()) {
                    // Recuperando datos de los novios
                    $novias = $formData['novias'];
                    $novios = $formData['novios'];

                    // Agregando Estado de la novia
                    $estadoNovia=$this->getDoctrine()->getRepository('NWPrincipalBundle:Estados')->find($form["novias"]["estado"]->getData());
                    $estadoNovia->addNovia($novias);
                    $novias->setEstados($estadoNovia);

                    // Agregando Estado del novio
                    $estadoNovio=$this->getDoctrine()->getRepository('NWPrincipalBundle:Estados')->find($form["novios"]["estado"]->getData());
                    $estadoNovio->addNovio($novios);
                    $novios->setEstados($estadoNovio);

                    // Agregando Usuario a los novios
                    $novias->setUser($user);
                    $novios->setUser($user);

                    // Agregando Novia al Novio
                    $novios->setNovia($novias);

                    // Agregando objeto boda a los novios
                    $boda = new Bodas();
                    $boda->setUser($user);
                    $boda->setCeremonia('');
                    $boda->setCeremoniaDireccion('');
                    $boda->setRecepcion('');
                    $boda->setRecepcionDireccion('');
                    $boda->setFechaBoda(\DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', '2000-01-01 00:00:00'));

                    // Setteando rol de novio en el usuario
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_NOVIO');

                    // Persistiendo los datos en la base de datos
                    $em->persist($novias);
                    $em->persist($novios);
                    $em->persist($boda);
                    $em->persist($user);
                    $em->flush();

                    // Enviar correo a los novios por el registro exitoso
                    // Novio
                    $message = \Swift_Message::newInstance()
                    ->setSubject("Te registraste con éxito en PartyGift.ws")
                    ->setFrom("info@partygift.ws")
                    ->setTo($novios->getEMail())
                    ->setContentType("text/html")
                    ->setBody(
                        $this->renderView(
                            'NWUserBundle:User:correoRegistroExitosoFacebook.html.twig', array(
                                'user' => $user
                            )
                        )
                    );
                    $this->get('mailer')->send($message);
                    // Novia
                    $message = \Swift_Message::newInstance()
                    ->setSubject("Te registraste con éxito en PartyGift.ws")
                    ->setFrom("info@partygift.ws")
                    ->setTo($novias->getEMail())
                    ->setContentType("text/html")
                    ->setBody(
                        $this->renderView(
                            'NWUserBundle:User:correoRegistroExitosoFacebook.html.twig', array(
                                'user' => $user
                            )
                        )
                    );
                    $this->get('mailer')->send($message);

                    // Logout del usuario para que entre como cuenta de novio
                    $this->get('security.context')->setToken(null);
                    $this->get('request')->getSession()->invalidate();

                    // El registro del formulario fue exitoso y se muestra mensaje de felicitación
                    return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('nw_user_registro_exitoso'));
                }
            }
        }

        // Si no se ha ocupado el formulario (o contiene errores) se le muestra al usuario
        return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:postregistronovios.html.twig', array(
            'form' => $form->createView(),
        ));
    }

    public function registronoviosAction(Request $request)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        // Generando el formulario de registro de los novios y usuario
        $formData['novias'] = new Novias();
        $formData['novios'] = new Novios();
        $form = $this->createForm(new RegistroType(), $formData); // Formulario de usuarios mezclado con el de novias y novios

        // Recuperando formularios
        if('POST' === $request->getMethod()) {
            // Formulario de datos de la boda
            if ($request->request->has($form->getName())) {
                // Solicitando datos del formulario para ver si recuperar los datos, mostrar error o mostrar formulario
                $form->handleRequest($request);
                if ($form->isValid()) {
                    // Recuperando datos de los novios
                    $novias = $formData['novias'];
                    $novios = $formData['novios'];

                    // Checando si ya existe el usuario o el correo
                    $userManager = $this->get('fos_user.user_manager');
                    $usuarioPorUsername = $userManager->findUserBy(array('username' => $form["userName"]->getData()));
                    $usuarioPorEmail = $userManager->findUserBy(array('email' => $form["novios"]["eMail"]->getData()));
                    $usuariaPorEmail = $userManager->findUserBy(array('email' => $form["novias"]["eMail"]->getData()));

                    if($usuarioPorUsername || $usuarioPorEmail || $usuariaPorEmail)
                    {
                        $this->get('session')->getFlashBag()->add('notice', 'El usuario y/o el correo ya está ocupado');
                        return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:registronovios.html.twig', array(
                            'form' => $form->createView(),
                        ));
                    }

                    /* // Generar alerta
                    if($usuarioPorUsername || $usuarioPorEmail)
                    {
                        $ruta = $this->getRefererRoute();
                        $locale = $request->get('_locale');
                        $url = $this->get('router')->generate($ruta, array('_locale' => $locale));
                        $this->get('session')->getFlashBag()->add('notice', 'El usuario y/o el correo del novio ya está ocupado');

                        return $this->redirect($url);
                    }*/

                    // Agregando Usuario y sus datos
                    $user = $userManager->createUser();

                    $user->setUsername($form["userName"]->getData());
                    $user->setEmail($form["novias"]["eMail"]->getData());
                    $user->setPlainPassword($form["userPass"]->getData());
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_NOVIO');
                    $user->setSaldo(0);
                    $user->setEnabled(true);

                    // Agregando Estado de la novia
                    $estadoNovia=$this->getDoctrine()->getRepository('NWPrincipalBundle:Estados')->find($form["novias"]["estado"]->getData());
                    $estadoNovia->addNovia($novias);
                    $novias->setEstados($estadoNovia);

                    // Agregando Estado del novio
                    $estadoNovio=$this->getDoctrine()->getRepository('NWPrincipalBundle:Estados')->find($form["novios"]["estado"]->getData());
                    $estadoNovio->addNovio($novios);
                    $novios->setEstados($estadoNovio);

                    // Agregando Usuario a los novios
                    $novias->setUser($user);
                    $novios->setUser($user);

                    // Agregando Novia al Novio
                    $novios->setNovia($novias);

                    // Agregando objeto boda a los novios
                    $boda = new Bodas();
                    $boda->setUser($user);
                    $boda->setCeremonia('');
                    $boda->setCeremoniaDireccion('');
                    $boda->setRecepcion('');
                    $boda->setRecepcionDireccion('');
                    $boda->setFechaBoda(\DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', '2000-01-01 00:00:00'));

                    // Persistiendo los datos en la base de datos
                    $em->persist($user);
                    $em->persist($novias);
                    $em->persist($novios);
                    $em->persist($boda);
                    $em->flush();

                    // Enviar correo a los novios por el registro exitoso
                    // Novio
                    $message = \Swift_Message::newInstance()
                    ->setSubject("Te registraste con éxito en PartyGift.ws")
                    ->setFrom("info@partygift.ws")
                    ->setTo($novios->getEMail())
                    ->setContentType("text/html")
                    ->setBody(
                        $this->renderView(
                            'NWUserBundle:User:correoRegistroExitoso.html.twig', array(
                                'user' => $user,
                                'contrasena' => $form["userPass"]->getData()
                            )
                        )
                    );
                    $this->get('mailer')->send($message);
                    // Novia
                    $message = \Swift_Message::newInstance()
                    ->setSubject("Te registraste con éxito en PartyGift.ws")
                    ->setFrom("info@partygift.ws")
                    ->setTo($novias->getEMail())
                    ->setContentType("text/html")
                    ->setBody(
                        $this->renderView(
                            'NWUserBundle:User:correoRegistroExitoso.html.twig', array(
                                'user' => $user,
                                'contrasena' => $form["userPass"]->getData()
                            )
                        )
                    );
                    $this->get('mailer')->send($message);

                    // El registro del formulario fue exitoso y se muestra mensaje de felicitación
                    return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('nw_user_registro_exitoso'));
                }
            }
        }

        // Si no se ha ocupado el formulario (o contiene errores) se le muestra al usuario
        return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:registronovios.html.twig', array(
            'form' => $form->createView(),
        ));
    }

    public function registroproveedoresAction(Request $request)
    {
        // crea un nuevo registro y le asigna algunos datos
        $registro = new registroproveedores();
        $registro->setTipoPersona('');
        $registro->setNombreRazon('');
        $registro->setApellidoPaterno('');
        $registro->setApellidoMaterno('');
        $registro->setNombreComercial('');
        $registro->setRfc('');
        $registro->setEmail('');
        $registro->setLada('');
        $registro->setTelefono('');
        $registro->setCelular('');
        $registro->setDireccion('');
        $registro->setEstado('');
        $registro->setCiudad('');
        $registro->setCp('');
        $registro->setPlan('None');

        $form = $this->createFormBuilder($registro)
            ->add('tipoPersona', 'choice', array('choices' =>
                array('fisica' => 'Persona Física', 'moral' => 'Persona Moral'),
                'multiple' => false, 'expanded' => true, 'required' => true, 'empty_data'  => null))
            ->add('nombreRazon', 'text')
            ->add('apellidoPaterno', 'text', array('required' => false))
            ->add('apellidoMaterno', 'text', array('required' => false))
            ->add('nombreComercial', 'text', array('required' => false))
            ->add('rfc', 'text')
            ->add('email', 'email')
            ->add('lada', 'text', array('max_length' => 3))
            ->add('telefono', 'text', array('max_length' => 8))
            ->add('celular', 'text', array('max_length' => 10))
            ->add('direccion', 'text')
            ->add('pais', 'choice', array('choices' => array(
                    'MX'   => 'México',
                    ), 'mapped' => false, 'multiple'  => false,))
            ->add('estado', 'choice', array('choices' => array(
                     ''    => 'Estado',
                     '1'   => 'Aguascalientes',
                     '2'   => 'Baja California',
                     '3'   => 'Baja California Sur',
                     '4'   => 'Campeche',
                     '5'   => 'Chiapas',
                     '6'   => 'Chihuahua',
                     '7'   => 'Coahuila',
                     '8'   => 'Colima',
                     '9'   => 'Distrito Federal',
                     '10'   => 'Durango',
                     '11'   => 'Estado de México',
                     '12'   => 'Guanajuato',
                     '13'   => 'Guerrero',
                     '14'   => 'Hidalgo',
                     '15'   => 'Jalisco',
                     '16'   => 'Michoacán',
                     '17'   => 'Morelos',
                     '18'   => 'Nayarit',
                     '19'   => 'Nuevo León',
                     '20'   => 'Oaxaca',
                     '21'   => 'Puebla',
                     '22'   => 'Querétaro',
                     '23'   => 'Quintana Roo',
                     '24'   => 'San Luis Potosí',
                     '25'   => 'Sinaloa',
                     '26'   => 'Sonora',
                     '27'   => 'Tabasco',
                     '28'   => 'Tamaulipas',
                     '29'   => 'Tlaxcala',
                     '30'   => 'Veracruz',
                     '31'   => 'Yucatán',
                     '32'   => 'Zacatecas',
                    ), 'multiple'  => false,))
            ->add('ciudad', 'text', array('required' => false))
            ->add('cp', 'text', array('max_length' => 5))
            ->add('userName', 'text', array('mapped' => false, 'required'  => true, 'constraints' => new NotBlank()))
            ->add('userPass', 'password', array('mapped' => false, 'required'  => true, 'constraints' => array(new NotBlank(), new Length(array('min' => 8)))))
            ->add('terminosCondiciones', 'checkbox', array('mapped' => false, 'required'  => true, 'constraints' => new NotBlank()))
            ->add('terminosPrivacidad', 'checkbox', array('mapped' => false, 'required'  => true, 'constraints' => new NotBlank()))
            /*->add('plan', 'choice', array('choices' =>
                array(
                    'anuncioEspecial' => 'Anuncio Especial',
                    'anuncioPlus' => 'Anuncio Plus',
                    'basico' => 'Básico',
                    'estandar' => 'Estándar',
                    'plus' => 'Plus'
                ),
                'multiple' => false, 'expanded' => true, 'required' => true, 'empty_data'  => null))
            */
            ->add('plan', 'hidden')
            ->add('Aceptar', 'submit')
            ->getForm();

        $form->handleRequest($request);

        if ($form->isValid()) {

            // Recuperando datos del formulario
            $proveedor = $form->getData();

            // Agregando Usuario
            $userManager = $this->get('fos_user.user_manager');
            $user = $userManager->createUser();

            $user->setUsername($form["userName"]->getData());
            $user->setEmail($form["email"]->getData());
            $user->setPlainPassword($form["userPass"]->getData());
            $user->setEnabled(true);
            $user->setSaldo(0);

            // Agregando rol de plan de proveedor
            switch ($form["plan"]->getData()) {
                case 'anuncioEspecial':
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_PROVEEDOR_ANUNCIO');
                    break;
                case 'anuncioPlus':
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_PROVEEDOR_ANUNCIO');
                    break;
                case 'basico':
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_PROVEEDOR_BASICO');
                    break;
                case 'estandar':
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_PROVEEDOR_ESTANDAR');
                    break;
                case 'plus':
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_PROVEEDOR_PLUS');
                    break;
                default:
                    $user->addRole('ROLE_PROVEEDOR');
                    break;
            }

            // Agregando Apellidos invisibles al proveedor si se trata de persona moral o si no existen apellidos
            if($form["tipoPersona"]->getData() == "moral")
            {
                $proveedor->setApellidoPaterno(" ");
                $proveedor->setApellidoMaterno(" ");
            }
            if(!$form["apellidoPaterno"]->getData())
            {
                $proveedor->setApellidoPaterno(" ");
            }
            if(!$form["apellidoMaterno"]->getData())
            {
                $proveedor->setApellidoMaterno(" ");
            }

            // Agregando Estado del proveedor
            $estado=$this->getDoctrine()->getRepository('NWPrincipalBundle:Estados')->find($form["estado"]->getData());
            $estado->addRegistroproveedore($proveedor);
            $proveedor->setEstados($estado);

            // Agregando Usuario a la tabla de registroproveedor
            $proveedor->setUser($user);

            $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getEntityManager();
            $em->persist($user);
            $em->persist($proveedor);
            $em->flush();

            /*return new Response(
                'proveedor creados con ID: '.$proveedor->getId().' y usuario con ID: '.$user->getId()
            );*/

            return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('nw_user_registro_exitoso'));

        }
        else{
            return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:registroproveedores.html.twig', array(
                'form' => $form->createView(),
            ));
        }
    }

    public function registroReporteroAction(Request $request)
    {
        // Servicio con funciones para reportero
        $reporteroService = $this->get('reportero_service');

        // Nuevo objeto reportero y su formulario
        $reportero = new Reportero();
        $formReportero = $this->createForm(new ReporteroType(), $reportero);

        // Recuperando formulario de reportero
        $formReportero->handleRequest($request);
        if ($formReportero->isValid()) {

            // Registrar reportero mediante el servicio de reportero
            $reporteroService->registrarReportero($reportero, $formReportero['userName']->getData(), $formReportero['userPass']->getData());

            // Redirigir a la página de registro exitoso
            $redirect = $this->generateUrl('nw_user_registro_exitoso');
            return $this->redirect($redirect);
        }
        else{
            return new Response('Formulario valido');
        }

        // Generar página para el registro de nuevos reporteros
        return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:registroreportero.html.twig', array(
            'formReportero' => $formReportero->createView(),
        ));
    }

    public function registroExitosoAction()
    {
        return $this->render('NWUserBundle:User:felicidades.html.twig');
    }

    // Obtiene la url de la página anterior
    public function getRefererRoute()
    {
        $request = $this->getRequest();

        //look for the referer route
        $referer = $request->headers->get('referer');
        $lastPath = substr($referer, strpos($referer, $request->getBaseUrl()));
        $lastPath = str_replace($request->getBaseUrl(), '', $lastPath);

        $matcher = $this->get('router')->getMatcher();
        $parameters = $matcher->match($lastPath);
        $route = $parameters['_route'];

        return $route;
    }
/*
    public function asignarRolesAction()
    {

        $userManager = $this->get('fos_user.user_manager');
        $user = $userManager->findUserBy(array('username' => 'docsernovios'));
        //$user->addRole('ROLE_ONE');
        $user->setRoles(array('ROLE_USER1','ROLE_NOVIOS'));
        $userManager->updateUser($user);

        return new Response('Nuevo rol asignado correctamente al usuario '.$user->getId());
    }

	public function loginAction()
    {
        $request = $this->getRequest();
        $session = $request->getSession();

        // get the login error if there is one
        if ($request->attributes->has(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR)) {
            $error = $request->attributes->get(
                SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR
            );
        }
        else {
            $error = $session->get(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
            $session->remove(SecurityContext::AUTHENTICATION_ERROR);
        }

        return $this->render(
            'NWUserBundle::login.html.twig',
            array(
                // last username entered by the user
                'last_username' => $session->get(SecurityContext::LAST_USERNAME),
                'error'         => $error,
            )
        );

    }

    public function newuserAction()
	{
		$factory = $this->get('security.encoder_factory');
		$usuario = new usuario();

		$encoder = $factory->getEncoder($usuario);
		$password = $encoder->encodePassword('987410', ''); //, $usuario->getSalt()

	    $usuario->setUsername('Valerio2');
	    $usuario->setEmail('docser2@gmail.com');
	    $usuario->setPassword($password);

	    $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
	    $em->persist($usuario);
	    $em->flush();

	    return new Response('Usuario creado con id '.$usuario->getId());
	}

    public function asignRolesAction()
    {
        $roles= array('ROLE_ADMIN' => 'ROLE_ADMIN', 'ROLE_USER' => 'ROLE_USER');

        foreach($roles as $key => $value)
        {
            $user->addRole($value);
        }

        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
        $em->persist($usuario);
        $em->flush();

        return new Response('Usuario creado con id '.$user->getId());
    }*/
}


text:
Protection of Linguistic Minority Rights
Protection of Linguistic Minority Rights and Non-Discrimination on Grounds of Religion
Article 29 enunciated the fundamental right of any section of citizens residing anywhere in India to conserve its distinct language, script of culture. No citizen can be denied admission in any educational instiution maintained or aided by the State on grounds of language, religion, etc.
Article 30 seeks to protect the rights of all minorities - based on languages - to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. The State is enjoined not to discriminate against any educational institution on the ground of its language or religion - based management.
Article 350A inserted by Seventh Amendment provides for local authorities in every state endeavouring to extend adequate facilities for instruction in the mother toungue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups and for the President necessary directios to any State. The term 'ling…
Attorney General of India
Under the chapter on 'The Executive', the Constitution includes a provision (article 76) for the President appointing a person qualified to be a Supreme Court judge as the Attorney-General of India to advise the Government on legal matters and perform other duties of a legal nature as may be assigned.
The Attorney General of India holds office during the pleasure of the President. However, inasmuch as he is appointed on that with a change of Government, he submits his resignation.
The Attorney-General is the Chief Law Officer of the Government. He has the first right of audience in all courts in India. Also, he has the right to speak and take part in the proceedings of either House of Parliament without a right to vote. He is not a full-time officer of the House nor is he a member of the Cabinet as in U.K. Also, he is not barred from from private practice except that he cannot advise or hold briefs against the Government of India.
[ Excerpts from Our Constitution - An Introd…
India that is Bharat
Article 1 of Indian Constitution lays down that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
The question of the name of the country was discussed in the Constituent Assembly at some length. While 'Bharat' was the ancient name and represented the first expression of the consciousness of the unity and identity of the country, India was the modern name by which the country had since become known all over the world. As a member of the United Nations also the name was India and all international agreements were entered in that name. Both the names, therefore, had strong votaries. Finally, the name 'India, that is Bharat' was adopted as a happy compromise.
The emphasis on India being a 'Union' was to convey the fact that it was not the result of a compact or agreement between the Constituent Assembly which derived its power and authority from the sovereign people of India. No state could, therefore secede from the Union nor could it suo motu vary its ter…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Are you primed and ready to give your best presentation possible? At first, public speaking and presenting your work online may seem daunting. How do the pros make it look so easy? Giving a great live presentation doesn't come naturally to many of us, but it does get easier with some preparation and practice. Whether you're presenting in person, on a conference call or using screen sharing technology, keep these top ten presenting tips in mind and soon you'll be the one handing out the expert advice.
This one is easy to get right and will help you stay in control of your presentation from start to finish. Give yourself enough time to set up and test equipment before your presentation. This is when using reliable, high-quality online meeting technology truly makes a difference.
People are visual creatures, and fewer, better slides will make more of an impact than many slides cluttered with too much text. You can always provide more explanation verbally, but resist the impulse to overdo it with your slides.
Plan your presentation around 3 key takeaways. What are the most important themes or ideas for your audience to leave your presentation knowing? More than 3 and they may start to lose track.
Be thoughtful about your body language and movement. Don't over-choreograph your presentation, but think through how you will move through each part of the talk. Are there some sections better suited to audience engagement than others? Where can you project an open, conversational tone with your body language?
"In real-world journeys, signposts guide you to your destination ("Smallville 10 Miles") or tell you when you've arrived ("Welcome to Smallville!"). In business presentations, signposts are slides that contain facts, graphics, or tables that either point to where you want your audience to go or tell it when it has arrived." -Geoffrey James, Inc.
Make clear what your destination is throughout your presentation. Indicate what you want your audience to learn along the way and should what they know by the end of your talk. And let them know how you will get there together – i.e. how many steps will it take? Which information is the most important? And when you've reached the "Aha" moment.
"Always provide something specific the audience can do almost immediately. No matter how inspiring your message, every audience appreciates learning a tangible way they can actually apply what they've learned to their own lives. Inspiration is great, but application is everything: Never be afraid to say, "Tonight, think of an employee who is really struggling–and then tomorrow, do (this) and (this) to try to rescue them." -Jeff Haden, Inc.
Provide your audience with clear steps that can be taken after listening to your presentation. Even if you've discussed a major idea or broad concepts, there are small ways to help suggest how your audience can relate in their own lives. Make sure to identify any of these steps so that your audience can feel engaged and accomplished.
It seems obvious, but don't give a presentation until you're confident you know the subject inside and out. You are the expert providing your knowledge and factual information to an audience that intends to learn from you. You don't want to appear inauthentic or be unable to answer questions.
Whether you give a presentation live or virtually find someone who can help with technical issues that may that arise or moderate a live Q & A session while you engage with the audience.
Once you're confident in the content, practice helps you present your material more naturally. With practice, you'll be able to feel out which phrases sound right and which may be too stiff for your audience. You can play with tone, timing, and humor too. And take advantage of a friend to provide constructive criticism before the live event.
Bring humor into your presentation when you can but keep it light, keep it clean and keep it relevant. Stay away from politics or anything divisive. Find a balance in order to appeal to the wide range of people in the audience.
Which of these tips do you find most useful in your presentations? With practice and perseverance, presentations can be an effective way to reach your audience emotionally and build your business in a personal way.


Why send your child to summer camp? Of course, they will have fun, socialize, and—depending on the camp—develop skills in sports, technology, art, or other specialties, kids can get a big self-esteem boost by attending camp.
Whether it's at day camp or overnight camp, kids learn more than just how to tread water and make friendship bracelets!
Shifting the focus away from the individual, camp teaches children to be more selfless and be better team players.
An essential skill campers develop is emotional intelligence, commonly referred to as EQ (emotional quotient), says Troy Glover, Associate Professor in the Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies at the University of Waterloo.
Children develop risk-taking and conflict-resolution skills at camp, and gain confidence from it as they learn to make their own decisions without their parents' help.
"One of the major benefits of camp is the social skills that develop, especially around interacting with other people in a positive way," Glover says.
The Grammy-nominated singer-songwriter—who founded the Camp Lisa Foundation, a non-profit organization that helps send underprivileged kids to summer camp—discovered how fun it is to meet new people and relate to them at camp. "Camp made me feel more confident in just being myself—even if I wasn't like everyone else all the time," she says.
Camp is often where leaders are born and helps youth gradually build leadership skills.
"You're often having to rely on your teammates or cabin mates to complete an activity," says Moira MacDougall, who heads teen and young adult strategies for the YMCA of Greater Toronto, a charity providing community support programs.
Ready to research camps? Read about excellent Toronto & GTA day camps and Toronto & GTA overnight camps.
This article was first published in February 2013, updated in May 2015.
Wondering if overnight camp is the way to go? Read these tips to find out if your child is ready for overnight camp.
So many camps—how to choose? We've tried to simplify the process a bit with our overview of Toronto specialty day camps.
These 5 day camps FAQs are important for every parent to read!


text:
Q: How do you plot pulse positions for a simple sine wave in MATLAB? If you goto 14 minutes and 53 seconds of this video: https://youtu.be/xfxQ-zBp2OQ
you will see a plot of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) for a simple sine wave signal.
The picture should look something like this:

How do I implement a PPM for a sine wave in MATLAB? Here is what I am thinking:
t = 0:1/1e3:60;
d = [0:2:60;sin(2*pi*0.05*(0:2:60))]';
x = @rectpuls;
y = pulstran(t,d,x);
plot(t,y)
hold off
xlabel('Time (s)')
ylabel('Waveform')

But this gives me a plot of rectangular samples of the sine wave:

not the PPM as shown in the first graphic above.
So even though I understand what the YouTuber is doing graphically, I'm not sure how this can be implemented in MATLAB from an algorithmic standpoint.
I would appreciate any feedback from the EE community.

A: It turns out this code does exactly what I want:
code sample 8 from: https://www.jcbrolabs.org/matlab-codes
% This file simulate Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) as per message signal amplitude
%
% Created By: JCBRO Labs
% Date: 03/06/2017
% website: www.jcbrolabs.org
% mail: jcbrolabs@gmail.com
clc; clear all; close all;
fc = 20;    %carrier frequency
fm = 2;     % message frequency
fs = 1000;  % sampling frequency
t = 1;
n = [0:1/fs:t];
n = n(1:end - 1);
duty = 10;
% no. of samples in one square wave period
per = fs/fc;
% no. of samples in on time
on_t = per/duty;

s = square(2*pi*fc*n,duty);
s(find(s<0)) = 0;
% message signal
m = sin(2*pi*fm*n);

% Triangular wave
A=1.25;
c=A.*sawtooth(2*pi*fc*n);%Carrier sawtooth

%
ppm = zeros(1,length(s));

% find ids where carrier is greater than message
id = find(c > m);
idd = diff(id);
iddd = find(idd ~= 1);
temp(1) = id(1);
temp(2:length(iddd)+1) = id(iddd + 1);

% ppm signal
for i = 1:length(temp)
    ppm(temp(i) : temp(i) + on_t - 1) = 1;
end
% Plot
subplot(3,1,1);plot(n,m,'LineWidth',2);title('Message Signal');hold on; plot(n,c,'r','LineWidth',2);grid on;
subplot(3,1,2);plot(n,s,'LineWidth',2);title('Pulse Train');grid on; ylim([-0.2 1.2]);
subplot(3,1,3);plot(n,ppm,'LineWidth',2);title('PPM Signal'); grid on; ylim([-0.2 1.2]);

Running this code gives:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Norway and Sweden Starting Sales of SAS Shares
Photo: sasgroup.net
The Norwegian and Swedish government is starting the sale of up to 19 million shares in the airline SAS, corresponding to 5.8 percent of the outstanding shares.
The Norwegian Industry and Fisheries Ministry is to oversee the sale on behalf of the Norwegian and Swedish governments, said the Swedish government in a statement Wednesday night.
The sale is aimed at institutional investors and conducted through a so-called accelerated auction.
"We have no comment for this press release now," says Communications Boss Trond Viken from the Industry and Fisheries Ministry to the news agency NTB.
According to the Swedish government, they are talking about so-called common stock, often referred to as A shares.
The smallest purchases are to be a number of shares corresponding to 100,000 Swedish kroner.
The sale started immediately after the press release was published on Wednesday night.
The pricing and allocation of sales will happen in SEK and delivery of shares registered in the Swedish Euroclear system is expected to take place on Friday the 17th of October.
Source: norwaytoday.info
Fisheries MinistryNorwegian governmentNTBSASScandinavian airlinesshares.Swedish governmentTrond Viken


text:
Kiss x Sis
November 30, 2011 JST
12 eps × 24m
Keita has two older step-sisters, Ako and Riko, but since they aren't related by blood, they love him in a lustful way. After a mishap at school, Ako and Riko finally confess their love to him. Keita dislikes the thought of seeing them other than brother and sister, but as he tries to enter the same school as his sisters, he slowly becomes attracted to them.
[Source: Anime News Network; emended]
Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai Episode 0
AIC Build
September 22, 2011 JST
Hasegawa Kodaka has transferred schools, and he's having a hard time making friends. It doesn't help that his blond hair tends to make people think he's a delinquent. One day, he runs into his bad-tempered solitary classmate Yozora while she's talking animatedly to her imaginary friend Tomo. Realizing that neither of them have any actual friends, they decide that the best way to alter this situation is to form a club and start recruiting.
That is how "Rinjinbu", The Neighbours' Club, was formed, a club specifically designed for people who don't have very many friends. As other lonely classmates slowly join their little club, they'll try to learn how to build friendships through cooking together, playing games, and other group activities. But will this group of relationship-challenged misfits really be able to get along?
[Source: MU]
Ao no Exorcist: Kuro no Iede
October 26, 2011 JST
Feeling slighted by Rin, Kuro goes on the hunt for a new master, but can he find anyone who can truly replace Rin?
Seitokai Yakuindomo OVA
GoHands
It is the start of Takatoshi Tsuda's second year as the put-upon vice president of the student council and his sister Kotomi is entering school as a first year. New friends and double entendres are made.
Kami nomi zo Shiru Sekai: 4-nin to Idol
Manglobe
Eli, Chihiro, and Miyako try to form a band but end up looking to Katsuragi for help. In the process they meet Kanon and become friends/ rivals.
How do you resolve a conflict between powerful spirits of famous heroes for a prize capable of granting any wish? Wage a war that will cost your blood, sweat, and tears? Too much work—how about a game-show competition instead?
Carnival Phantasm takes a number of characters from Type-Moon's original works, and puts them in a variety of light-hearted scenarios which parody their respective series. Watch Lancer suffering due to his low luck stat, or watch the egotistical King of Heroes gladly kneel to a dominatrix King of Knights. Just remember to leave your sanity at the door.
Deadman Wonderland: Akai Knife Tsukai
Kiyomasa Senji was a policeman before he was arrested and imprisoned in Deadman Wonderland. His abilities during his time as an officer caught the eyes of a gang that wishes to recruit him.
Ao no Exorcist: Ura Ex
10 eps × 1m
Ura Ex, extra short anime included in Blu-ray and the DVD releases of Ao no Exorcist.
Usagi Drop Specials
Four short episodes bundled with the Blu-ray & DVD volumes.
Vol.1: Episode 2.5 "Aquarium of Leaves"
Vol.2: Episode 3.5 "Dear My Santa Claus"
Vol.3: Episode 6.5 "Full Blossom in the Sky"
Vol.4: Episode 8.5 "Way Home"
Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kira
Studio DEEN
With things such as story out of the way, Higurashi cranks up the fanservice with Kira, a new OVA series to commemorate the series' 10th anniversary, featuring nail-biting situations such as Rika and Satoko becoming magical girls to battle evil magic crime syndicates with the help of their trusty squad of cheerleaders, among other things.
The excitement may be too much to handle. Do you dare step inside the... "different" world of Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kira?
Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu: Spinout! Sore ga Bokura no Nichijou
SILVER LINK.
Spin-off of Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu that has been serialized on Famitsu Comic Clear website since 2010.
These specials are included in the Baka to Test Ni! BD/DVD releases.
Carnival Phantasm EX Season
A DVD-only episode bundled with the special edition Take Moon volume.
Caren Ortensia attempts to control the world using money with varying degrees of success, Phantas-Moon receives a movie adaption of her T.V. show, and Shiki is involved in a love plot that spans years.
[Source: Wikipedia]
Kidou Senshi Gundam Unicorn
7 eps × 1h
Universal Century 0096. Three years after the last conflict between Neo Zeon and the Earth Federation Forces, the tentative peace of the Earth Sphere is about to be shattered again. Cardeas Vist, the head of the powerful Vist Foundation, has decided to hand over "Laplace's Box," the secret of the Foundation's prosperity, to the supposed enemy, Neo Zeon. Banagher Links, a student at the space colony Industrial 7, rescues a mysterious girl who calls herself Audrey Burne. Audrey is seeking to prevent a war, but it seems she has come too late. As Banagher's home colony is devastated by the attacks of the enemy mobile suit Kshatriya, he finds his strange destiny and is forced to fight in the formidable weapon system known as the Unicorn Gundam.
Sekaiichi Hatsukoi OVA
Two OVA episodes featuring additional stories.
Episode 0: Ritsu and Takano used to date back in high school, but broke up due to a misunderstanding. This is that story.
Episode 12.5: Hatori and Chiaki go to visit the latter's family. It's really awkward in many, many ways.
Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu Ni!: Mahou Hideyoshi Hideyoshi
A short special included on the second volume of Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu Ni! Blu-ray/DVD release.
Yuru Yuri: Doushite, Tomaranai, Tokimeki, Dokidoki, Paradox, Eternal
Doga Kobo
Yuru Yuri DVD/BD special.
Chinatsu's horrendous and atrocious drawings come to life in a tale about a handsome prince, a hideous girl and true love!
[Source: Anime-Planet]
Carnival Phantasm: Illya-jou
A special feature based on a real-time run of the Fate/Hollow Ataraxia Visual Novel's mini-game, Illya's Castle.
The key characters' voice actor/actress' participate in live commentary for the duration of the game.
Beelzebub Specials
Began Summer 2011
Beelzebub specials included in the BD/DVD releases.
Tales of Symphonia The Animation: Sekai Tougou-hen
The third and final OVA series concluding the story of Tales of Symphonia: The Animation.
Kono Danshi, Uchuujin to Tatakaemasu.
CoMix Wave Films
When aliens suddenly invade the world, Earth seems to be fighting a losing battle until Arikawa, one of the defense command staff, accidentally discovers a young man lying on a hill. Tests soon prove the impossible: this one teenager, Kakashi, has the power to defeat the attackers! Unfortunately, Kakashi has also lost his memory, and with it the knowledge of how to actually use his power. Moving Kakashi in with himself and his own commander, Shiro, Arikawa accidentally starts a strange triangle of emotions and relationships. A triangle that threatens the fate of the planet as Kakashi begins to question his own motivations!
[Source: Sentai Filmworks]
Eiyuu Densetsu: Sora no Kiseki The Animation
Kinema citrus
Ten years ago, a massive invasion by the Erebonian Empire almost shattered the Kingdom of Liberl, piercing to the heart of Capital City before being driven back by a determined counteroffensive led by Cassius Bright. Now, as the invaders pace behind the northern borders, coveting the small kingdom's magic and high technology, Liberl slowly rebuilds with the aid of the Bracer's Guild, whose mystical use of "Craft" is even more intrinsic to the nation's defense than its own army. For young Estelle Bright, daughter of Cassius, this is all just ancient history that she and her adopted brother Joshua learned as kids. But history has a way of repeating itself, and as they prepare to join the Bracers Guild themselves, sinister forces are preparing to thrust them into the familiar family situation of being in the worst possible place when mayhem breaks out. Because when their father's airship goes suddenly missing, of course it only makes sense to two green, but extraordinarily capable, young teenagers to strike out on a rescue mission of their own!
Hakuouki Sekkaroku
Taking place between episodes 8 and 9 of the first season of Hakuoki, Chizuru goes on an undercover mission in Shimabara for the Shinsegumi. Dressing as a geisha, each episode tells the story of the undercover mission through the point of view of each captain. But it isn't just the rival clans the Shinsengumi need to worry about. It's the demons that keep popping up with the intent to kill anyone in their path that makes this Hakuoki installment worth watching!
Ikkitousen: Shuugaku Toushi Keppuuroku
Ikkitousen OVA.
Aa! Megami-sama! (2011)
OVAs bundled with volumes 42, 43 & 46 of the Aa! Megami-sama! manga.
Queen's Blade OVA Specials
Specials included in the Queen's Blade Premium Visual Book's DVDs.
Tales of Symphonia The Animation: Sekai Tougou-hen Specials
Specials included with the DVDs of Sekai Tougou-hen.
Kaibutsu Oujo (OVA)
Based on a manga by Mitsunaga Yasunori, serialised in Monthly Shounen Sirius.
Hiyorimi Hiro moves to a new city to live with his older sister, but dies before he can find her. He then awakens to a new life as a servant of a Princess of the Monster Realm, who just happens to be employing his sister. Monsters soon appear to attack or pester the princess since she is in line for the royal throne, and Hiro must protect her with his life (and repeated deaths).
Rio: Rainbow Gate! Special
An extra episode of Rio: Rainbow Gate! which will be bundled with the seventh volume of the Blu-ray and the DVD.
Itsuka Tenma no Kuro Usagi Picture Drama
Picture Dramas from the Blu-ray disks.
1 - Let's Just Do It Radio!
2 - Each One's Breakfast
3 - Himea's Guitar Lesson
4 - Each One's Bath Time
5 - Traditional Feeling
6 - Izumi-chan's What If Series
Saiyuuki Gaiden
Anpro
OVA adaptation of the climactic part of Saiyuuki Gaiden.
[Source: MyAnimeList]
Hidamari Sketch x SP
Even though studying at a prestigious art school like Yamabuki is hard work, the girls who live at the Hidamari Apartments always manage to squeeze in time for a little fun and exploration. And when they actually get a day off? Watch out world! Yuno, Sae, Hiro, Miyako and new students Nori and Nazuna return to create another masterpiece of life as art, with all new adventures that include swimming, pajama parties, trips to the art museum and even an all-you-can-eat diner courtesy of the landlady! Of course, there's always a little housework that has to be squeezed in, but with a pinch of resourcefulness and a dash of creativity, even the most onerous of chores can be turned into something magical.
Busou Shinki Moon Angel
Short-form
TNK
September 7, 2011 JST
The story follows the coming of age and Shinki battles of Tsubasa, a boy who dreams of becoming a Shinki Master, and his Shinki partner Arnval Mk. 2.
Kamisama Dolls Specials
Brain's Base
Short episodes included in the Kamisama Dolls Blu-ray and DVD volumes.
UN-GO: Inga Nikki
10 eps × ? min
Parody web specials.
Ikoku Meiro no Croisée Picture Drama
Satelight
Ikoku Meiro no Croisée Picture Drama.
Softenni Specials
Shorts included in the Blu-rays and DVD volumes.
Ikoku Meiro no Croisée: Yune & Alice
Each of the seven volumes of the Blu-ray & DVDs will carry a short SD anime titled "Yune & Alice".
Precure All Stars DX the Dance Live♥: Miracle Dance Stage e Youkoso
Precure All-Stars DX the Dance Live: Miracle Dance Stage e Youkoso is an all-in-3D dance production featuring the Pretty Cures from seasons Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart through to Suite Pretty Cure♪ (sans Cure Muse).
The production lasts for 10 minutes, and is done entirely in stereoscopic 3D, featuring a medley of songs from the different DX movies, as well as some brand new songs. The dance production itself was released in movie theatres on 5 August 2011, accompanied by the release of a brand new single, Pretty Cure All Stars 3D Theatre Theme Song Single. The movie starts when a pink shooting star falls down from the night sky and soughts out a toy store, striking one of the Cure Dolls of Melody on display. The Melody Doll comes alive, freeing herself from her box. Jumping to the floor, she explores the toy store when she hears the noise of a crowd coming from outside. Running out of the store, she discovers a huge TV screen which reflects a "real-life" image of herself. Playing around with it, she is soon joined by a Cure Doll of Rhythm. The two spot Hummy, waiting several floors down on the dance floor, who waved at them and sends up two rainbow keyboards to the Cure Dolls. Nodding to each other, the two slide down the keyboard onto the dance floor, and the concert began. The concert ends with a shot of the huge TV screen shown during the introduction. The 3 Suite♪ Cures are seen smiling and waving at the audience, and as the shot zoomed out, the 3 Cure Dolls are shown at the bottom of the screen.
[Source: Pretty Cure Wiki]
Nekogami Yaoyorozu Specials
AIC Plus+
Short episodes included in the Nekogami Yoayorozu Blu-ray and DVD volumes.
Kiss Dum: Omokage
Special included with the Blu-ray Box Set.
Shokupan Mimi Specials
Kachidoki Studio
Episodes 13 through 16 of Shokupan Mimi included in the DVD release.


Grandchildren hold a special place in each grandparent's heart. As part of their lineage, grandchildren are loved and spoiled by the grandparents majority of the time. To express your love and thoughts on your grandson's birthday, the following birthday quotes will help to encourage your own personal and unique message.
From the day you were born we knew that you'd be the most ideal grandson ever. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to call ourselves proud grandparents. Hope your birthday is filled with all the fun you can handle.
Grandsons like you are so rare and few these days that we often thank the Almighty for giving you to us. You are our prince, our hero, our life. Happy Birthday, our beloved grandson.
I know that we oldies are not allowed in your birthday party tonight, but as long as we are allowed in your heart, we won't feel offended. Happy birthday to be best grandson in the whole world.
It doesn't matter how often you visit our place or how often you call us to say hello. Because just knowing that we have a grandson like you, makes life a celebration every day. Happy birthday.
It feels like yesterday when I was watching my son grow up. Now I am watching my toddler grandson. Learning how to eat from a cup, sometimes I sit and wonder how quickly time flies. But I can't complain because you are my life's prize. Happy birthday.
It seems such a great day to tell you how much we love you. Live your life with arms wide open. Today is where your book begins – the rest is still unwritten.
Just like one shooting star in the sky can brighten up the whole horizon, you have brightened up our lives by coming into this world. Happy Birthday to the world's best grandson.
Nothing compares to the feeling of pride grandparents have when they see their little grandson grow up so wonderfully into a so kind young man. Wishing you joy, success, happiness, bliss and fortune in life.
The wrinkles on our foreheads, the quiver in our walk, the pain in our knees and the discomfort in our stomachs disappear as soon as your mom places you in our arms. Happy birthday little one.
We always knew that you will turn out to be an amazing child. After all, you were blessed with the awesome genes of your handsome grandfather and beautiful grandmother. Happy birthday.
What can I say about a grandson that's a great looking, funny, extraordinary and just amazing guy. Happy birthday.
You and gold have so much in common. With each passing day you become more precious. May your birthday bring you many sweet reminders of how much you're loved.
You are loved. By us. By anyone who knows you. You're special. Happy birthday, Grandson.
Your grandmother and I had promised each other to never fall in love with anyone else in the world. But then you came along and made us eat our words. Happy birthday to our precious grandson.
Your smile is the solution to every difficulty. Your hugs are the one time fix to life's every worry. You are an amazing grandson that fate gives to only a few. In life, I wish you the very best, Happy Birthday to you.
The below infographic takes a look at how student debt has risen among young adolescents. For grandparents from the 40's and 50's, college debt was half to non existent with more than half of students serving as veterans in WWI and taking advantage of the GI Bill. Yale cost undergraduate students only $450, equivalent to $7,200 in today's currency.


text:
Steph Curry makes NBA history, passing Ray Allen for most three-pointers made
By Ben Morse, CNN
Updated 7:59 AM ET, Sat November 13, 2021
Curry reacts in the second half against the Chicago Bulls.
(CNN) It seems every week NBA superstar Steph Curry is making history.
Earlier this week, he overtook Wilt Chamberlain to become the oldest player to record 50 points and 10 assists in a game.
And on Friday night, the 33-year-old passed basketball great Ray Allen for the most three-pointers scored in all NBA games, including playoffs, in NBA history.
Curry connected with nine of his 17 three-point attempts in the Golden State Warriors' 119-93 win over the Chicago Bulls, taking his tally in regular season and playoff games to 3,366, surpassing Allen's total of 3,358.
He had come into the game just one behind two-time NBA champion Allen and equaled his record within the first few minutes of the game.
And he became the all-time lead just minutes later, drilling a long-range effort over Alex Caruso.
Astonishingly, Curry passed Allen's record in 585 fewer games.
Curry ended the night with 40 points, his third 40-point game of the season, as the Warriors accelerated in the second half to beat the high-flying Bulls.
Curry shoots the ball during the game against the Chicago Bulls.
It is the 52nd time in Curry's career that he's scored 40 points or more in a game, as the Warriors continue their blistering start to the season, now with an 11-1 record.
Curry is now chasing Allen's regular-season record of 2,973 three-pointers. Curry is on 2,896.
The win wraps an eight-game home stand for the Warriors, with the Bay Area team winning seven and losing just once.
"In general, the high point is establishing our home floor, that this is going to be a tough place to come win a game," head coach Steve Kerr told the media afterwards.
Visit CNN.com/sport for more news, features, and videos
"And a lot of that is the way we're playing. A lot of that is our fans, the energy in the building. There's a really good vibe about the team; the fans feel it.
"Great way to start the year but now we've got to go out on the road, and it's going to get a lot tougher. We obviously are very happy to be where we are."


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Q: KL ( Kullback-Leibler) distance with histogram smoothing in Python I have two lists ( of different lengths) of numbers.
Using Python, I want to calculate histograms with say 10 bins.
Then I want to smooth these two histograms with Standard kernel (gaussian kernel with mean = 0 ,sigma=1)
Then I want to calculate the KL distance between these 2 smoothed histograms.
I found some code about histogram calculation but no sure about how to apply standard kernel for smoothening and then how to calculate the KL distance.
Please help.

A: For calculating histograms you can use numpy.histogram() and for gaussian smoothing scipy.ndimage.filters.gaussian_filter(). Kullback-Leibler divergence code can be found here.
Method to calculate do the required calculation would look something like this:
import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage.filters import gaussian_filter

def kl(p, q):
    p = np.asarray(p, dtype=np.float)
    q = np.asarray(q, dtype=np.float)

    return np.sum(np.where(p != 0, p * np.log(p / q), 0))

def smoothed_hist_kl_distance(a, b, nbins=10, sigma=1):
    ahist, bhist = (np.histogram(a, bins=nbins)[0],
                    np.histogram(b, bins=nbins)[0])

    asmooth, bsmooth = (gaussian_filter(ahist, sigma),
                        gaussian_filter(bhist, sigma))

    return kl(asmooth, bsmooth)


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SoundGuard Is Finalist For New England Innovation Award
SoundGuard, creator of the world's first and only soundproof paint has been named a Finalist for the 2018 New England Innovation Award. The New England Business Association, founded in 1938 as the Small Business Association of New England (SBANE) is a private nonprofit association with approximately 600 member companies. NEBA was established to provide a legislative voice for small businesses and to make information and resources available to help small business owners grow their companies.
The prestigious New England Innovation Award, which originated more than 30 years ago, strives to recognize companies that have taken their innovative ideas and developed them into transformative products and companies poised for massive disruption and growth.
Judging for the New England Innovation Award is based on four main criteria: Innovation. Growth. Stability. Impact.
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Winners of the 2018 New England Innovation Award will be named at the New England Business Association's Annual Gala on Thursday, May 10th in Waltham, Massachusetts. Tickets can be purchased at NewEnglandBusiness.org
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