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Q: Android list view scroll down lagging I am using image lazy loader to display a list of custom items (where each row having image and text)
However my list view lags on scroll down.
How can i implement a list view with no scroll lag, just like the app listing list view in play store. Following is the list view xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="@color/list_row_bg"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="left" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_title"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
            android:text="Title Post 1"
            android:textColor="@color/list_title"
            android:textSize="15dp"
            android:textStyle="bold" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_posted_by"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
            android:layout_below="@+id/txt_title"
            android:text="Posted by Paul Curtin 4 days ago on sep05 2013" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/image_comments"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_below="@+id/txt_title"
            android:layout_margin="@dimen/list_comments_image_margin"
            android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/textview_comments_count"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/txt_posted_by"
            android:src="@drawable/icon_comments" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textview_comments_count"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:layout_below="@+id/txt_title"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/txt_posted_by"
            android:padding="@dimen/list_category_padding"
            android:text="comments_count"
            android:textColor="@color/list_category"
            android:textSize="@dimen/list_comments_size" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/image_thumb"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
            android:layout_below="@+id/txt_posted_by"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:src="@drawable/no_image_small" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txt_description"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image_thumb"
            android:layout_below="@+id/txt_posted_by"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"/>
    </RelativeLayout>

</LinearLayout>

A: Set this attribute of listview and try
android:scrollbars="none"

<ListView
        android:id="@+id/lstMyAlbum"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scrollbars="none" />

A: So the problem lies in the image loader:
 Try different image loaders
1] Universal Image Loader Here
2] Lazy List Loader Here
3] Volley Image Loader Here


Well, I got very behind with my learning blog but that isn't because I haven't been working. On the contrary, I have been working very hard – just find it difficult to keep blogging though I know I must get myself into some kind of a routine.
The last few days I have tried to update my blog and still have a lot more to do….
Well, I have been taking every opportunity to build up my knowledge and skills in any area of Textiles I come across. Living here in Tokyo, there is so much inspiration and I want to make the most of the time I have here.
Recently I visited a wonderful studio where I observed all aspects of Komon dyeing and took part in a workshop. The visit coincided in a wonderful festival, during which colourul dyed kimono fabrics are stretched out across the river. I took many many photos and will upload them soon.


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HomeStoriesPress releasesPROPERTY BOOM SPARKS RAPID GROWTH FOR HUNTERS-PSM
PROPERTY BOOM SPARKS RAPID GROWTH FOR HUNTERS-PSM
by Scott Douglas
on behalf of PSM Law Group
Property PR experts help tell property agent's impressive turnover and growing reputation
HUNTERS-PSM, the newly formed solicitor-estate agents, has further underlined the strength of the Edinburgh property market by announcing an 80 per cent jump in turnover in its first year of operation.
The news comes at the same time as the company leapt – for the first time – into the top five (out of 265 firms) in the league table of annual property sales compiled by the highly-influential Edinburgh Solicitors' Property Centre (ESPC).
Hunters-psm is the estate agency division of the PSM Law Group and was created in January 2003 when the Edinburgh firm Hunters, founded by Wilson Hunter, joined forces with the award winning Fife-based Peddie Smith Maloco.
The division currently operates out of two property centres in Morningside Road, Edinburgh and Bonar Street, Dunfermline. Further expansion within the central belt is currently under consideration.
Figures compiled by the company show that in the 12 months to January 2004, Hunters-psm achieved total sales of 517 properties, worth £71,575,97.00 at an average sale price £138,443. The performance catapulted Hunters-psm into fourth spot in the ESPC table. The annual rise in turnover for Hunters-psm is based on a comparison with the combined turnovers of the two previous businesses prior to the restructuring.
Michael Maloco, one of the founding partners and vice chief executive of The PSM Law Group, said there was no doubt the continuing growth of the Edinburgh property market had accelerated the rapid expansion of its Hunters-psm division, particularly its Edinburgh operation.
He said: "At the launch of Hunters-psm our Edinburgh office housed eight staff, by July 2003 that had risen to 14 and now we have 20. The growth of the Edinburgh office – driven by the seemingly unstoppable expansion of the capital's property market – has been dramatic both in estate agency and conveyancing terms. However, that is not to understate the importance of the Fife market which is now one of the fastest growing in Scotland and benefiting from a significant ripple effect from Edinburgh.
"The result is we've seen turnover of the estate agency grow by 80 per cent and Hunters-psm is now a main player with the big boys of the property scene.
"It is a remarkable achievement in a very short space of time and a position we are committed to maintaining over 2004."
Much of the success of Hunters-psm is down to its property team, which The PSM Law Group regard as the best in the country due to its exceptionally strong combination of both legal and estate agency expertise.
Partners Wilson Hunter and Brian Warner, the founder and former Senior Partner of Warners who left the company he set up in August to join The PSM Law Group, head the legal team. Matthew Gray is the Group Property Director in overall charge of the estate agency division with Joyce Allan the director in charge of the Dunfermline office. August also saw the strategic appointment of Gary Middlemass, formerly the Property Manager of Lindsays, as Property Director in the Edinburgh office to work alongside Matthew and Joyce.
The buoyancy of the Scottish property market was further highlighted earlier this month when Scottish Executive figures showed the value of the Scottish housing market is set to exceed £12 billion in financial year 2003/2004 and another report which suggested house prices will rise by 12 per cent in the next year, far outstripping those south of the border.
Wilson Hunter said it was good news the property market was looking so buoyant across the whole of the country, but he sounded a note of caution if the growth continued unabated
He said: "What we want to see in the coming months is sustainable growth and that is to a great extent dependent on the lifeblood of the property market – first time buyers. If they cannot get a foot on the property ladder it could well have a knock on effect for the rest of the market and potentially then we would all have a problem.
"At the moment everyone is reaping the benefits of a booming property market and long may that continue. The only storm cloud is that we must be getting very close to pricing the average first time buyer out of the market."
Mr Hunter said there was expected to be a rush of people taking advantage of proposed new Pension legislation which would allow you to put buy to let residential property within your self invested pension plan. This will inevitably encourage residential property purchase for investment purposes only, further putting the squeeze on first time buyers.
However, he envisages many more will see the potential of remortgaging to develop their homes upwards or outwards.
He added: "If it is going to cost £80-90,000 to buy a house with an extra bedroom then many people will think hard whether it is worth it. As a result I suspect we will see many more people choose to develop their existing home, happy that with the market growing the way it is, they will more than recoup that investment in the future."
Find out how our team of Property PR experts could help your firm to flourish.
We would also suggest you to take a look at US Florida Property Management, LLC who would help you pick the best property out there.
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Edinburgh, housing, legal, property, Scotland
Scott Douglas is the co-founder of the multi award-winning Holyrood PR, renowned public relations agency in Edinburgh, Scotland.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Joseph Rodman Drake Park
Joseph Rodman Drake was a physician in the early nineteenth century. He was born on August 7, 1795. In his early life, Drake had aspirations of being a poet, which he pursued with some success. His works include "The Culprit Fay" and "The American Flag." Sadly, Drake died at the age of twenty-seven. He was buried in the Hunt's family cemetery. Drake was a family friend of the Hunt family. After Drake's death, his widow published a collection of his poems under his name. The Joseph Rodman Drake Park was named in honor of Drake in 1915.
Graves in the Park
Path through the Park
The Joseph Rodman Drake Park was dedicated to Drake in 1915. The park is located in the Hunts Point area of the Bronx between Hunts Point Avenue and Longfellow Avenue. The land where the park resides has a heritage that includes once being a Weckquaesgeek Indian settlement. The land was acquired by Thomas Hunt in the 17th century. The surrounding neighborhood, called Hunts Point, is named after Thomas Hunt.
Born on August 7, 1795, Joseph Rodman Drake was a physician and poet who grew up in the Bronx during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Drake was a family friend of the Hunt family, and he frequented their property, particularly as a child. When Drake was young, he studied poetry with aspirations to pursue it as a career. However, in 1813, Drake decided to spend time studying medicine, but this did not end his writing careers. In fact, after his death at the young age twenty-seven from tuberculosis, Drake's wife published a collection of poems that he had written over the years. Among literary circles, Drake is known for his poems about the Bronx area. Some of his popular works include "The Culprit Fay" and "The American Flag." He also published a series of satirical poems called "the Croaker Papers," which Drake co-wrote with fellow poet Fitz-Greene Halleck.
Drake was buried on the Hunt family property, which was a place of inspiration for him as a child. There are over 40 grave markers included in the cemetery other than Drake's. These markers include names from prominent families who helped develop the area during its infancy. In 1905, the grave site was supposed to be destroyed, but local literary enthusiast saved the cemetery. In 1915, after the park's dedication, a seven-foot marble shaft was placed at Drake's gravesite by the Bronx Society of Arts and Science.
"Joseph Rodman Drake Park." NYC Parks. Accessed Web, 7/7/17. https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/joseph-rodman-drake-park/history.
"Joseph Rodman Drake Park." Find A Grave. Accessed Web, 7/7/17. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=1828295.
Students May Have Found Slave Burial Site Near Park
Oak Pt. Ave. bet. Hunts Pt. Ave. and Longfellow Ave., Drake St,
Bronx, New York 10474
Created by Gavin Thagard on July 6th 2017, 8:43:57 pm.
Last updated by Clio Admin on July 8th 2017, 8:26:25 pm.


This major group includes carriers of insurance of all types, including reinsurance.
For some business types, there may be a similar industry to SIC Code 63 - Insurance Carriers that is a better classification match. Agents and brokers dealing in insurance and organizations rendering services to insurance carriers or to policy holders are classified in Major Group 64.
SICCODE.com compiles comprehensive business data and executive contact leads for businesses within SIC Code 63 - Insurance Carriers. Some of the leading and most notable companies are listed below. To order a list of companies within SIC Code 63 - Insurance Carriers for marketing (postal mailing, telemarketing, emailing) or analytics-use, click on the link below to "Buy Business List". Our data analysts are standing by to assist in your list setup and target marketing.


Downstairs: 2 Twin Rooms and 1 Single Room.
Upstairs: 1 Single Room and 1 Twin Room.
The cost is £67 per person per day: this includes breakfast and evening meal. In the winter season a light lunch is provided only if no other eating place is open. Bed and breakfast only is available at £45 per person per day.
A non-refundable deposit of £10 per person per day is payable when booking. The deposit is not refundable. Cancellations occurring within one week of arrival will be charged in full. Guests may occupy their rooms from 12 noon on the day of arrival and are required to vacate their rooms by 10.00 am on the day of departure.
Please notify us at the time of booking if you require a ground floor room.
You must notify us in advance of any special dietary requirements and/or allergies.
Priests from outside Scotland who wish to celebrate Mass at the House of Prayer must provide a Testimonial Letter signed and sealed by their Bishop or Superior. The required form can be downloaded here.
The completed Testimonial must be sent to The Warden at the address below prior to arrival.
Guests bringing heavy luggage are advised to book the Iona taxi, as the track to the House is not suitable for wheeled suitcases.
Payment by Pounds Sterling only.
Mobile phones to be used discreetly and sparingly.
Quiet is appreciated in and near the Oratory.
Bookings are subject to the discretion of the Colmcille Trustees.
If, for mobility reasons, you require a ground-floor room please advise at time of booking.
For availability of accommodation, please first contact the Warden via email or by phone on 01681 700369.
Adobe Acrobat Reader or Foxit Reader. You probably have one of these programs already installed on your computer.
Click here if you need to to download the free Acrobat Reader (58.46MB) or here to download the free Foxit Reader (7.55MB).
Accommodation in Fionnphort, Oban and Dalmally, together with alternative accommodation on Iona, is listed on the Links page.


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Halt the Dredging – Same problem same solution
Activists Halt Dredging in Gladstone Harbour
Marking the last day of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee visit to Australia protesters descended on Gladstone Harbour and stopped dredging. Mark (Potts) Driscoll chained himself to the harbour dredge Razende Bol and Rotterdam boat, shutting down the controversial development of the Coal Seam Gas LNG port facility on Curtis Island in Gladstone Queensland.
Potts Driscoll and Friends of the Earth have taken this action to remind the voting public of the beauty and environmental values of the Great Barrier Reef. Today signifies the last day of the World Heritage Committee's mission with this symbolic action to bring attention back to Gladstone and the destructive dredging.
"The dredging activities in Gladstone are a crime against the environment. The LNG facilities in Gladstone are another part in the destructive Coal Seam Gas industry in Queensland. This industry is destroying our farmland, polluting our water systems, and killing the Great Barrier Reef," said Friends of the Earth spokesperson Drew Hutton.
"Today is the final day of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee monitoring mission to Australia. We want to send a clear reminder to the World Heritage team that Gladstone harbour is being killed and the dredging by the Coal Seam Gas industry is the cause".
The visit by UNESCO was initiated by Gladstone locals over their concern for Gladstone Harbour and the massive industrial development, dredging and fish kills. In June 2011 the Australian Government was requested by UNESCO's World Heritage Committee to 'please explain' why it should be able to maintain World Heritage declaration over the Great Barrier Reef for allowing LNG projects within the Great Barrier Reef marine park.
Potts Driscoll has just completed a 550km walk from Dalby (Kumbarilla) to Gladstone to see for himself what the CSG (Coal Seam Gas) industry is doing to our countryside and Gladstone Harbour. Walking with 71 year old June Norman for 28 days along the proposed CSG pipeline and Wandoan mega coal mine railway line.
"Friends of the Earth calls for an immediate halt to all dredging activities and construction of the LNG ports in Gladstone Harbour," said Drew Hutton.
The recent Gladstone Fish Health study conducted by the Queensland Government acknowledged the study parameters and research data were inadequate to make a final judgment on the cause of the terrible disease that has killed countless dugongs, turtles and fish.
"Friends of the Earth calls for an immediate halt to further major developments approvals in the Great Barrier Reef catchment until the Strategic Assessment is completed to the World Heritage Committee's satisfaction."
"Friends of the Earth calls on the the UNESCO World Heritage Committee to pass a resolution at its June 2012 meeting to declare the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage in Danger, and move towards removing World Heritage status from Australia", said Hutton.
"We need to shake things up. Surely it is time for our leaders to call a stop to this madness. The fishers of Gladstone are out of work, the harbour marine life is dying, and the World Heritage Committee have come to see the damage themselves. What more do we need to know before we stop the dredging?" said Hutton.
Findings from fisheries veterinarian Matt Landos counters the findings of the Gladstone Fish Health study by the Queensland Government. The report is due within 2 months. Initial comments released Monday, 12 March, are contrary to the State Government report stating the 2010 floods is unlikely to be the cause of the Gladstone harbour fish kill.
Gladstone Harbour and surrounding waterways of the Fitzroy River delta are set to undergo massive development to accommodate the Surat Basin and lower Bowen Basin's new coal and CSG LNG (Coal Seam Gas and Liquified Natural Gas) export port facilities. Current figures show Gladstone Harbour will accommodate export facilities for an additional 9 Coal Mines and 4 LNG projects, in addition to the current export from existing mines.
The dredging continues. Gladstone locals, fishers, and tourism operators have had enough.


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Thank You ( )
Author: Carle, Eric
Chronicle Books Staff,
Publication Date: Feb 2011
Publisher: Chronicle Books LLC
Book Format: Other printed item
List Price: USD $5.99
Celebrate your baby shower with these beautiful cards featuring Eric Carle's classic animals. Contains 8 illustrated cards and envelopes.
Detailed Subjects: Non-Classifiable
Physical Dimensions (W X L X H): 5 x 6.75 x 0.5 Inches
Book Weight: 0.22 Pounds
Carle, Eric (Author)
Eric Carle is an award-winning, children's picture book author and illustrator whose most recognized work is The Very Hungry Caterpillar Board Book. Carle was born to German parents in 1929 in Syracuse, New York. The family returned to Germany in 1935, moving to a suburb of Stuttgart. Carle disliked high school, quitting at the age of 16 before graduation. He was admitted as the youngest student to the Akademie der bildenden Kunste, an art school.
After finishing at the Akademie, he worked as a poster designer for the U.S. Information Center in Germany until 1952, when he moved back to New York City. He was a graphic designer at the New York Times and later worked as an art director at L.W. Frohlich & Co. In 1963, Bill Martin, Jr. saw a poster of a red lobster that Carle had designed and asked him to illustrate Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?, thus launching his freelance career. Among his many children's books are Dream Snow, Hello, Red Fox, The Very Clumsy Click Beetle, and Pancakes, Pancakes! His title The Artist Who Painted a Blue Horse made Publisher's Weekly Best Seller List for 2011. His title Brown Bear Brown Bear What to You See? made The New York Times Best Seller List for 2012. In 2015 he made The New Zealand Best Seller List with Love from the Very Hungry Caterpillar.
Crouch, Blake


text:
Home > California > Calabasas > Rosenfeld, Adina Helena
Rosenfeld, Adina Helena
Updated: July 14th, 2019 Calabasas Lawyer List R, Feinberg & Waller APC, Alimony, Business Valuation, Child Custody Modification, Child Support, Child Support Modification, Custody & Visitation, Division of Marital Property, Divorce, Domestic Violence, Family Law, Hague Convention, High-Asset Marital Dissolution, International custody, Interstate Disputes, Palimony, Parental Alienation, Paternity, Post Judgment Modification of Orders, PrePost Marital Agreements, Pro-athlete divorce, Restraining Orders, Same Sex Family Law, Spousal Support, Valuation	0 review
Address: 23501 Park Sorrento #103, Calabasas, CA 91302
Lawyer Firm: Feinberg & Waller, APC
Website: https://www.feinbergwaller.com
Areas of Practice Family Law
Adina Helena Rosenfeld is an attorney admitted to practice in California. She has wide-ranging experience in the area of family law. Her practice focuses on complex child custody disputes, including move-away cases, domestic violence, parental alienation, child visitation and divorce matters. Ms. Rosenfeld works to keep the best interest of the children in mind and ensures that her clients are informed at every stage of the process. She is dedicated to professional excellence reassuring her clients by developing a comprehensive plan of action. She is settlement oriented; however, she is equally adept at litigation. Clients appreciate her attention to detail, as she gives sound reasonable advice, laying out the realities of various choices.
Ms. Rosenfeld speaks fluent German as well as conversational Polish, Hebrew, and Italian, allowing her to communicate with clients from a wide variety of backgrounds. She has had an interest in world-wide legal traditions and has published a law review article on the comparative rules of international evidence. This interest, along with her European background, has given her a deeper understanding of the Hague Convention and the civil aspects of child abduction.
Prior to joining Feinberg & Waller, Ms. Rosenfeld clerked with Levitt & Quinn Family Law Center, a nonprofit family law center, through a Loyola Law School fellowship. She conducted intake of clients, drafted family law and adoption pleadings, participated in client consultations, and assisted attorneys with discovery, motions, and trial preparations.
Since the beginning of her involvement in the legal field, Ms. Rosenfeld has advocated consistently and effectively for the rights of those in need. While in law school, she was involved in organizations such as the Women's Lawyer's Association and the Jewish Law Students Association and acted as a legal extern for Loyola Law School's Project for the Innocent, assisting California prison inmates who requested legal assistance. Ms. Rosenfeld has had community volunteer affiliations with Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Sova Food Pantry. Her dedication to assisting those in need, both through her legal services and her volunteer activities, consistently motivates her to help families resolve conflicts as quickly and effectively as possible.
Ms. Rosenfeld earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in History, graduating summa cum laude from the University of Southern California (USC). Ms. Rosenfeld was part of the History Department's Honor's Program and completed an Honor's Thesis prior to graduating from USC. She earned her law degree at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles.
Ms. Rosenfeld is a member of the California Bar Association, the Beverly Hills Bar Association – Family Law section, the Los Angeles County Bar Association – Family Law section, the German American Business Association, and the Women's Lawyer's Association of Los Angeles.
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Riya (Amrita Rao) lives a middle-classed lifestyle in Mumbai and works as an Assistant Director for a movie producer, Bharucha (Lillette Dubey). After the passing of her mother, she is consoled by a young man, Anthony Gonsalves (Nikhil Dwivedi), in the church graveyard. He introduces himself as the son of Jeffrey, who passed away during 1986, and works as a waiter in Jimmy's Pub, Bandra and wants to be a Bollywood actor. Thereafter she meets him again in the studios when he comes to audition for the part of Mark Anthony in a re-make of Shakespeare's 'Julius Caesar'. Both are attracted to each other and continue to meet. Little does Riya know that Anthony has lied to her, as he never had a father by the name of Jeffrey, and the real person who brought him up is a gangster and killer, Sikander (Pavan Malhotra), who is now a suspect in the sudden disappearance of Police Inspector Gupta.


text:
Marlena Chertock
Crumb-sized: Poems
On that one-way trip to Mars
blogfeatures
Israeli philosophy professor influenced by childhood, writes about personhood to understand Holocaust
Posted April 12, 2011 March 11, 2016 Marlena Chertock
Professor Yoram Lubling researches personhood to better understand the actions Nazis and others took during the Holocaust and other genocides. His newest and second book is "The Person Vanishes." Photo by Brian Allenby.
Yoram Lubling always wanted to write. His undergraduate major was journalism. But after graduating, he never went back to journalism.
"I thought the best way to write was to study what to write about," he said. "And the best way to do that was to study philosophy."
The Elon philosophy professor's motivation to write stems from a deep need to understand the events of the Holocaust.
"It still baffles and mystifies my sensibility," he said. "I want to understand the ability of people to do what they did and to continue to do very similar things."
To understand the terrible actions people take, Lubling said he needed to understand what the person is. His research and work focuses on personhood.
Dewey defines personhood for Lubling
Department Chair of Philosophy Ann Cahill said the Elon philosophy department is fortunate to have Lubling as a member of the community.
"His work reminds people of the power and promise of philosophy," she said. "Philosophy has an ability to illuminate hidden assumptions, clarify ethical problems and contribute positively to contemporary conversations."
Lubling refers to John Dewey's notion of personhood in his newest book, "The Person Vanishes: John Dewey's Philosophy of Experience and the Self." A person is not a spiritual, subjective idea but a scientific, empirical and natural organism, he said.
"Religions usually refer to persons as souls, entity-like or egos," he said. "But people aren't permanent and static."
Dewey is the most eminent American thinker of all time, according to Lubling.
Dewey's idea of a person, which emerged after modernism, said the person is engaged in an open-ended process.
"The person is transient, not a finality," Lubling said. "It can only be defined by a growing event that constantly changes, adopts, reinvents its characteristics and place in the world."
The shock of realizing who you are
The acts of Nazis and other people who engage in genocide shouldn't surprise people, Lubling said.
"We should never think that the unjust killing of other people is some kind of an incomprehensible event that has to do with some deep, mysterious failure in human souls," he said.
When people react shocked to the Holocaust, they're not bewildered by how people could do that, but that they actually got caught.
"We do things like that and always did," he said. "The Holocaust exposed us to who we really are, both Germans and collaborators who did it, as well as the rest of the world who stood silent and allowed it to happen."
What scares people the most about the Holocaust is that it was done "by people exactly like ourselves," Lubling said.
Preventing violence through a just society
The kind of anger and violence that happened through the Holocaust can be expected to erupt out of the conditions of poverty, hunger, disjointment from other people and hatred that people lived in, Lubling said.
"We have to create communities and conditions that prevent the need for this," he said.
The only solution to reconstruct healthy persons is education and the just distribution of opportunities, he said.
"The world needs to be more available to average men and women," he said.
Graphic by Marlena Chertock.
This would lower the amount of tension, envy and anger that groups of people feel toward each other.
"People think much better about life when there are opportunities to grow, be healthy and raise families," he said. "When you don't have these things, it leads to an extraordinary amount of violence."
Society also needs to get away from the caveman mentality of property and ownership, he said.
"As someone who was born in Israel, I felt on my body the curse of property and ownership," Lubling said. "Death and killing because of sand. Who owns the sand, who owns the rocks?"
Cultivated people should always be concerned with the welfare of others, according to Lubling.
"Not for religious reasons," he said. "But for the simple reasons to avoid conflict, hatred, resentment and ultimately violence."
He voiced these ideas in Labor newspapers during his time in Israel. He lived on a kibbutz, Kibbutz Hulda in central Israel, and agreed with the socialist, Labor-Zionist ideology. His father grew up in a Labor youth movement called Gordonia.
The Labor movement's ideology is that work is to build and be built, according to Lubling. Work is not just an activity — it creates you in the process.
"Many people came to Israel because they thought it could become a model for justice," he said. "The kibbutz was an example that it's possible."
Lubling left Israel for the United States in 1977.
Lubling lived in Tel Aviv for most of his formative years, he said. Photo courtesy of Yoram Lubling.
He won't return to Israel because the values and culture has changed, he said. Kibbutzim have become capitalist and young people have lost the passion of their parents' generation.
He studied in New York and came to Elon University 20 years ago as chair of the department of philosophy.
Lubling introduced Elon to the University of Haifa and a year later, study abroad opportunities included a program there.
He is teaching a course next fall under the new Middle Eastern studies minor, called "The Spirit of Israel." It focuses on the achievements of Israelis and Jews.
"It focuses on the unique contribution of Jewish thought throughout western history — its uniqueness in terms of the emphasis on community, peace, social contribution, welfare, environmental concerns and happiness," he said.
Despite Israel's need to spend 70 percent of its budget to protect itself, the country has made significant contributions to science, medicine, technology and other fields, he said.
"There's something to learn about the ability of people to do that," he said. "It brings the question of what Israel would've been able to contribute if it didn't have to spend so much energy and mind power on surviving."
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text:
ARTBASH CAMP SHINE Exhibition
Shine Camp Exhibition 2020
We shone a light on the amazing works of Black Artists.
Our children responded dazzlingly!
Take a look at what we created:
Scroll down..!
Click on the thumbnail above to open full gallery.
(born 1956 in Grenada. Moved to England in 1967)
Inspired our mini theatre and backdrops.
Why we love Denzil?
Denzil's paintings explore the desire to find an identity within two cultures – Afro Caribbean and European.
His paintings can be really dark and broody but also really bright and full of the idea of freedom. He paints a lot of scenes from concerts, nightclubs and carnivals.
A lot of Denzil's paintings deal with the racial tensions in England in the 1980s and his work has been described as "a series of historical documents related to the making of Black Britain."
We wanted our young artists to engage with Denzil Forrester's work on a few levels. We wanted to show them his use of colour and expression and allow that to inspire their backdrops and mini theatres. We also wanted them to recognize Denzil's work as both timeless and as something that forms an important narrative in the making of the Britain they know today.
Contemporary African American artist
Inspired our collaged characters.
Why we love Deborah?
Roberts challenges images of Black girls by creating collaged portraits full of imagination and all her collaged work has a very strong undercurrent of power and strength. Deborah has said that each portrait is unfixed meaning that being both fictional and made up of several components means that each portrait has the ability and strength to find their own way 'amongst the complicated narratives of American, African American and art history.'
We love that she is using art to give a voice to Black people and particularly Black teenagers.
We also love that her work is super complicated with many, many layers but in simpler terms, it normalizes seeing Black people represented in art and that is super powerful.
We wanted our young artists to look at Deborah's work and question inequalities that exist. We also wanted our young artists to use her work to inspire them to create amazing fictional collaged characters.
Contemporary American artist
Inspired our silhouette/shadow puppets.
Why we love Kara?
A lot of Walker's art is made of cut out paper silhouettes, usually black against a white wall, which addresses the history of American slavery and racism. Her work looks fun and light but she uses her work to make really important points about things that are dark and serious.
We wanted our young artists to engage with pretty complicated themes while also making their own shadow puppets to add depth to their ongoing narratives.
(American 1911 – 1988)
Inspired our collaged street.
Why we love Romare?
Bearden was an African-American artist. He had extremely light skin so he easily could have lived his life as white but refused to do so devoting most of his art to African-American life and the struggles of Black people to achieve respect and equality.
He is really well known for his collages, which are amazing. We love how he uses broken images to piece together a brand new image and we wanted our young artists to interact with the idea of fragments being pieced together to create a wonderful new whole.
Inspired our amazing masks.
Why we love Nick?
Cave is most known for his 'Soundsuits' where his art is worn and creates sound as you move.
Cave talks about how his work represents a 'thicker skin', something he found he needed to grow as a child growing up in America. He suffered racism and was bullied for being different. His work today celebrates difference and creativity stopping people in their tracks.
Our masks created another layer where we could be whoever we wanted to be!
Nnenna Okore
Inspired our amazing environmental creations.
Why we love Nnenna?
Okore works both in Nigeria and the United States. Her largely abstract sculptures are inspired by textures, colours and forms within her immediate environment. She often uses discarded objects to create intricate sculpture and installations through repetitive and labour-intensive techniques. She examines her American identity versus her Nigerian identity and the contrasts between her homeland with that of the States. We embraced our natural environment in the Marshes and left our creations to be enjoyed by others to discover.
Back to AB CAMP
SEE Some Previous Camp years
AB Camp Ocean
AB CAMP WINGS
AB CAMP ANIMAL


text:
În geometrie, teorema lui Pappus (atribuită lui Pappus din Alexandria) stabilește că, dacă A1, B1, C1 și A2, B2, C2 sunt două triplete de puncte coliniare, atunci punctele de intersecție A, B, C ale perechilor de drepte B1C2 și B2C1,  A1C2 și A2C1, A1B2 și A2B1 sunt de asemenea coliniare.

Pappus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Training in a background thread does not work well with Atari games I've implemented several reinforcement learning algorithms using Tensorflow. For continuous methods(e.g. DDPG, TD3), I ran them on BipedalWalker; for discrete methods(e.g. DQN, Rainbow), I ran them on Atari games.
I intentionally split training and environment interaction by training the networks in a background thread(via the standard python module threading.Thread). I found this sped up those methods running on BipedalWalker, but it harmed those on Atari games. What makes these differences? Does it have something to do with python's GIL?
One reason I can conjecture is that background learning increases the learning frequency, which makes it more likely overfit and get stuck at a local optimum.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Bird House & Habitat carries a complete line of products to help you enjoy the awesome hobby of feeding wild birds and foster a healthy backyard habitat. Our birdseed and exclusive seed blends are tested by the Department of Agriculture for purity, bird tested, and proven to attract a variety of birds. Wild birds love Treasure Valley mix.


Bradley Cooper appeared on The Ellen Show yesterday, presumably to promote his new movie Burnt, though he ended up spending his time being incredibly charming remembering the good old days of American Sniper.
First of all, apparently Clint Eastwood is a squirrel whisperer, which is fascinating to think about, considering the ways he seems to reject anything that would make you go Aww, what a sweet old man. But I'll be damned if establishing a relationship with a squirrel community doesn't make you a cute old man. Then they both enthusiastically agree that Eastwood is really funny, which, um, I'll just take your word for it.
Ellen then brings up the fake baby in American Sniper, which was something previously kinda talked about behind closed doors, but I guess is something we can now outwardly call out, in Ellen's words, as "so not a baby." Ellen went for the jugular on this subject, having brought it up with Sienna Miller a week earlier, and now really forcing Cooper to answer for what he's done, particularly with manipulating the hand of the plastic baby like a very unskilled puppet master. While the prior explanation was that both real babies became unavailable the day of shooting, apparently the real truth is that Clint Eastwood thinks real babies are too "unpredictable" so a fake one would save time. Aww, what a sweet old man?
Cooper's got a good sense of humor about it, but then turns tender, explaining that he came to love "that plastic thing." "Look at that!" he says, pointing at the screen, "He cares for that thing."
Well, calling your baby a thing probably isn't exactly the best way to love it, but hey, way to have a sense of humor about it. Always the gentleman, Bradley Cooper.


Its model number and name are #013-015 / Trickster.
Character Bio - Axel Walker is a high school dropout who learned to trick or be tricked by his divorced parents. After putting school aside, Axel joined the Rogues by swiping equipment belonging to the original Trickster, James Jesse, in order to become the second incarnation of the villain. Trickster is an active member of the crime team and frequently conflicts with the Flash and his allies. Trickster views heroes as those who try to fool people into adoring them.
Q: Do I have to roll for Malfunctioning Equipment before using the Flying special power?
A: Flying is indeed a special power, so yes.
As a Human, Trickster has these Human Synergies.
As a Rogue, Trickster has these Rogue Synergies.
As a figure with the Flying special power, Trickster cannot be affected by aspects of certain special powers. Current Special Powers that Interact Differently with the Flying special power.
As a Human, Trickster interacts differently with certain special powers. Current Special Powers that Interact Differently with Humans.
As a figure with a Special Attack, Trickster can be affected by aspects of certain special powers. Current Special Powers that Interact Differently with Special Attacks.
As a figure with the Flying special power, Trickster can be affected by aspects of certain special powers. Current Special Powers that Interact Differently with the Flying special power.
Last edited by Ronin; November 13th, 2017 at 10:54 PM.
Before Trickster uses any other special power on this card or on an Equipment Glyph, you must roll a combat die. If you roll a blank, Trickster cannot use that special power until the next time an Order Marker is revealed.
Whenever a figure moves into engagement with Trickster, you may roll one unblockable attack die against that figure.
Range 3. Lob 5. Attack 3.
Choose a space to bomb. Any figure on the chosen space and all figures within 1 space of the chosen space are affected. No clear line of sight is needed. Roll 3 attack dice once for all affected figures. Each figure rolls defense dice separately.
Last edited by SirGalahad; April 28th, 2014 at 02:34 AM.
Looks good! Sharpened Jacks needs to be toned down, though. He'll decimate 5/6 melee squad members otherwise.
Agreed - An unblockable attack die would at least give them a 50/50 chance.
If you're going to bomb a space like Harley, use similar language.
Range 5. Lob 8. Attack 6.
Choose a space to bomb. Any figure on the chosen space and all figures within 2 spaces of the chosen space are affected. No clear line of sight is needed. Roll 6 attack dice once for all affected figures. Each figure rolls defense dice separately. After all affected figures have rolled defense dice, roll the 20-sided die. If you roll 13 or higher, remove one unrevealed Order Marker at random from each affected figure's Army Card. Smilex Bomb Special Attack may only be used once per game.
Range 3. Lob ?. Attack 4.
Choose a space to attackbomb. All figures on an adjacent to the chosen space are affected by Toy Bomb Special Attack.Any figure on the chosen space and all figures within 1 space of the chosen space are affected. No clear line of sight is needed. Roll 4 attack dice once for all affected figures. Each figure rolls defense dice separately.
Malfunctioning Equipment is really cool. Even with the possibility of malfunctioning, I agree that the jacks are too powerful. I'm not sure if the unblockable die is the best approach or not.
As clean and straightforward as these powers are, I'm worried about whether we've used these exact mechanics before or not (or with the special attack the same range/attack with that explosive effect). Please, someone reassure me!
Sharpened Jacks is similar to Engagement Strike (actually, I think I'd like it more similar) and the Toy Bomb is similar to Smilex Bomb.
I can handle similar, so long as they're still distinctive.
Would it be a bad thing to roll for Malfunctioning Equipment then roll again for Sharpened Jacks? If not you could just put the unblockable die language in their, so he would have to roll anything but a blank to throw the jacks but then have to roll a skull for them to do damage.
Yeah, I kind of figured that was the change we were going for here.
Also, now that I look again, I don't think we need to call it a "white" combat die. We specify in the C3G rules what type of combat dice we use, so just "combat die" or "attack die" is fine.
Alright, I've balanced things in the SP and updated wordings. Sending to ERB now.


Today, Swedish audio optimization company Dirac Research is announcing a $4.8 million round of fundraising. According to an official release, the funds were sourced from Henrik Didner, co-founder of the fund management company Didner & Gerge; Rami Yacoub, acclaimed music producer for Britney Spears, One Direction, Backstreet Boys, and others; Staffan Persson, CEO of Swedia Capital; and China's AAC Technologies.
If a phone rings to your left, the sound waves enter your left ear a fraction of a second before your right, then bounce off your shoulders and head in various ways, allowing your brain to localize the sound and instinctively rotate your head to face the source. This is reality. Yet, prior to the development of dynamic HRTFs, it couldn't be correctly reproduced virtually. Previous solutions assume that the head and the torso rotate in tandem. Such failure to accurately reproduce dynamic head movements in virtual reality is one of the reasons why existing positional sound solutions don't sound quite realistic.
The capital investment will be used to accelerate Dirac's expansion into new markets such as virtual and augment reality, strengthen their position as the global leader in mobile audio optimization technology, and to further develop their management and engineering teams.
Dirac's software has already won praise for increasing the fidelity of smartphone audio and now time will tell if a new focus, and almost 5 million extra dollars, can let the company similarly improve the way we hear in VR.


reject economist proposals in the water and sanitation sector.
it happens for various kinds of water policy problems.
its citizens, these can of course be different, but often, they're not.
government officials often appear to act upon ancient instincts.
My first example involves the elimination of open defecation in South Asia.
The problem is most severe in places where people defecate in the open.
no one knows, but it's certainly a big number.
in the rural areas of Sub Sahara and Africa.
this problem of open defecation for several decades now.
What have economists to say about this problem?
health externalities, but this advice largely didn't work.
many survey respondents' behavior reveals a preference for open defecation.
who defecates in the open.
community grassroots work in Bangladesh.
The approach is called Community Led Total Sanitation or CLTS.
the World Bank and donor economists in refusing to subsidize the latrines.
point of use water treatment should be subsidized, but latrines should not.
This is just the opposite of their advice only ten years ago.
human behavior about sanitation and design sound policies to improve public health.
We'll talk more about CLTS in this course in future lectures.
sanitation services in both industrialized and developing countries.
more ambitious privatization effort than the French privatization model.
assets as the vanguard of global reform, but it has not worked out that way.
to improve efficiency in the consumption of water, so water is not wasted.
sanitation utilities in developing countries.
The push to privatization was not limited to water and sanitation.
telecommunications and to a lesser extent, in water supply and sanitation.
seemed to have been at least partially successful.
Private sector involvement in telecommunications is now widely accepted.
But in the water supply sector, there has been a strong push back, even in France.
the debates in France have been passionate.
examine it in more detail.
This one relates to the design of municipal water tariffs.
globalization of supply chains, and climate change.
these networks are very capital intensive and expensive.
expand services, or to fund climate change adaptation.
water tariff designs rarely follow the economist pricing recommendations.
improve tariffs for Egyptian water utilities.
the political economy of water tariff reform.
or IBT, to calculate customers' monthly water bills.
IBTs are also called tiered pricing.
the first several cubic meters of water they use.
then water in the next block is charged at a higher price.
second block is charged at an even higher prices.
These are for Seoul, Hong Kong, and Osaka.
different cities, as are the volumetric prices in each block.
It shows that most water utilities in developing countries are now using IBTs.
China announced that also these in China would need to adopt IBT's in 2015.
This policy change would affect a major portion of mankind.
The basic rationale for the use of IBT's is that they help poor households.
if an IBT, is used to calculate household water bills.
Rich households can thus cross subsidize poor households.
The IBT seems fair, makes intuitive sense, right?
Or is this intuition supported by an ancient instinct?
Poor households use less water than rich households, right?
versus monthly water use on the vertical axis in cubic meters per month.
income is all over the place.
There are rich households that use little water and poor households that use a lot.
for four developing countries, El Salvador, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Senegal.
The relationship between household income and water use is positive, but very low.
size and household size is not highly correlated with household income.
use less water than a poor household with many members.
the cost of service, all households are subsidized.
Do IBTs ensure that poor households receive most of these subsidies?
the distribution of subsidies across households with different incomes?
water tariffs for a representative city in a low income country.
that is a tariff where everyone is charged the same price per cubic meter.
In this case, the IBTs have two blocks.
The size of the lifeline block is ten cubic meters.
to generate the same revenue as the uniform volumetric tariff.
The results are the exact opposite of what you want.
the poorest households receive the least.
There's not much difference across tariff structures.
targeting subsidies to poor households.
less than 20% of the total subsidies.
subsidies than any other income groups.
the more subsidies you get.
in a future lecture in this course, but these results present us with a puzzle.
If IBTs are doing such a poor job at their intended purpose, why are they so popular?
In each of these three examples, there appears to be something puzzling going on.
to change the preferences of many people who like to defecate in the open.
they are often wildly unpopular, even in Paris.
be recommending that utilities in poor countries use these tariffs?
Is the perception of fairness more important than actual performance?
There's something strange about water, what is it?
the water sector in developing countries, we have to figure this out.
we will start to unravel this puzzle.


text:
Itália
Santuário de São Miguel Arcanjo — em Monte Sant'Angelo, Apúlia
Sant'Angelo al Corridoio — em Roma

Portugal
Igreja de São Miguel Arcanjo (Lajes) — no concelho de Praia da Vitória
Igreja de São Miguel Arcanjo (Vila Franca do Campo)

Outros países
Catedral do Arcanjo São Miguel — em Moscovo, Rússia
Igreja de São Miguel Arcanjo (Uzhok) — na Ucrânia

Desambiguações de templos


text:
Parkes, Harry Smith (DNB00)
←Parkes, Edmund Alexander
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 43
Parkes, Harry Smith
by Stanley Lane-Poole
Parkes, Joseph→
sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
599926Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 43
Parkes, Harry SmithStanley Lane-Poole1895
PARKES, Sir HARRY SMITH (1828–1885), diplomatist, was born on 24 Feb. 1828 at Birchill's Hall, Bloxwich, near Walsall, Staffordshire. His grandfather, John Parkes of Halesowen, was a clergyman of the church of England, and his father, Harry Parkes, an ironmaster of Walsall, who married a daughter of George Gitton, postmaster and printer, of Bridgnorth. Both parents died in 1832–3, and their three children, of whom Harry was the youngest, were brought up by their father's brother, a retired naval officer, at Birmingham. In 1838 Parkes entered King Edward's Grammar School, under Dr. James Prince Lee [q. v.]; his schoolfellows included J. B. Lightfoot and B. F. Westcott, both subsequently bishops of Durham. In 1841 Parkes was invited to join his two sisters in China, where they were already settled with their cousin, the wife of the Rev. Charles Gutzlaff, a well-known linguist and explorer, who was afterwards secretary to the British chief superintendent of trade in China. Arriving at Macao in October 1841, Parkes applied himself to the study of Chinese, and in May 1842 was received into the office of John Robert Morrison [see under Morrison, Robert], secretary and first interpreter to Sir Henry Pottinger [q. v.], the British plenipotentiary at Hongkong. Hostilities had been intermittently carried on between China and England since Commissioner Lin had driven Captain Elliot and the British merchants out of Canton in 1839, after confiscating the opium stores. In 1842 Sir Henry Pottinger resolved to take decisive measures, and proceeded up the Yang-tsze-Kiang with the object of attacking Nanking. Parkes was attached to his suite, and sailed with him on 13 June 1842. During the voyage his knowledge of Chinese, slight as it then was, enabled him, although only a lad of fourteen, to be of service to the commissariat, and he was often sent ashore to forage for cattle and other provisions. He joined in various junk-captures, and was a spectator at Pottinger's side of the assault of Chinkiang (21 July). He managed also to be present at the negotiations for peace at Nanking, and witnessed the final signing of the treaty on 29 Aug. Throughout the expedition he had been thrown among the chiefs of the campaign, with whom his charm of manner and energy of character had ingratiated him, and he had gained an unusual experience of men and affairs.
From the autumn of 1842 to August 1843 he was stationed at Tinghai, the chief town of Chusan, studying Chinese under Gutzlaff, who acted as civil magistrate of the island during the British occupation. In September 1843 Parkes entered the British consulate at Canton, under Robert Thom [q. v.], in order to learn the routine of consular duties, and for the next nine months was variously employed either at Canton or as assistant to the Chinese secretary at Hongkong. In the latter capacity he attended Pottinger at the signing of the supplementary treaty at Hu-mun-chai on 8 Oct. 1843, and in January 1844 took delivery from the Chinese authorities of the instalment of 3,000,000 dollars then due for the war indemnity. Four months later he acted as interpreter at Pottinger's farewell interview with Kiying, the governor-general of Canton. In June 1844 he entered upon still more responsible duties on his appointment as interpreter to her majesty's consulate at Amoy. In those early days of British relations with China, a consul was confronted with much difficulty and even danger. He was at once diplomatic agent, magistrate, and the head of his nation at his port; his distance from his official chief at Hongkong, and the slowness of pre-telegraphic communications, compelled him sometimes, on his own responsibility, to take measures of serious consequence; and, since he seldom knew any Chinese, a vast amount of labour and responsibility fell upon his interpreter, who had to conduct all official intercourse, and draw up every letter and notification to the local authorities. Parkes, however, enjoyed work and responsibility, and thoroughly satisfied his first chief, Captain Gribble, and won the admiration of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Rutherford Alcock, who succeeded to the consulate at Amoy in November 1844. Beyond the ordinary but often harassing details of consular duty, Parkes's residence at Amoy was signalised by the successful accomplishment of a complicated negotiation by which a site for a new consulate was acquired at Amoy on the evacuation by the British troops of the island of Koolangsoo, where the consul had hitherto resided.
In March 1845 Alcock and Parkes were transferred as consul and interpreter to Foochow, where the presence of a Tartar garrison and a turbulent population added to the dangers and difficulties of the small foreign community. Parkes had visited Foochow in the previous year, during his convalescence from a severe attack of fever, and had then witnessed an unprovoked attack upon some officers of his ship. Similar outrages were not uncommon, and in October 1845 he was himself insulted and stoned by some Tartar soldiers. The prompt punishment of the assailants with bamboo and cangue was an earnest of the vigorous policy both of consul and interpreter. Another attack, with robbery, on British merchants, was fined to the amount of forty-six thousand dollars; and Parkes's 'very efficient services' in arranging the matter were officially commended. Foochow was notoriously out of the road of commerce and visitors, and it was a grateful change when, in August 1846, Alcock and Parkes were transferred, in corresponding capacities, to Shanghai, which, though only opened to commerce three years before, already showed ample signs of its future prosperity. In encouraging and guiding its development, the new consul followed in the steps of his able predecessor, Captain (afterwards Sir) George Balfour; and Parkes was specially commended, among other services, for his exertions in personally superintending the necessary erection of a beacon at sea. But the enjoyment of a civilised European society in the midst of a mild and tranquil native population was rudely disturbed in March 1848 by a brutal attack on three missionaries—Medhurst, Muirhead, and Lockhart. The last had married Parkes's eldest sister in 1841, and had devoted himself with signal success to the establishment of hospitals for the natives in various ports of China. The three missionaries were beaten and almost murdered near Tsingpu, not far from Shanghai, by a party of turbulent junkmen, and the Chinese authorities met all demands for redress with their customary evasions. When negotiation failed to produce any effect, Consul Alcock, on his own responsibility, announced that no British ship would pay duties, nor should a single Chinese junk leave the river of Shanghai, till the criminals were arrested and punished. Parkes was then sent up to Nanking, with Vice-consul Robertson, to lay the matter before the viceroy, and this unprecedented proceeding, coupled with the blockade of the port by a solitary British gunboat, H.M.S. Childers, brought the Chinese to their bearings. The criminals were captured and punished. Parkes took a prominent part in all these proceedings, at considerable personal risk, and his conduct, both at Shanghai and at Nanking, received the fullest approbation, not only of his immediate superiors, but of Lord Palmerston.
On his arrival in London on leave in April 1850, after a tour through India, Parkes was received at the foreign office with much appreciation of his energetic services, and returned to China in 1851, once more as interpreter at Amoy; but much of his brief tenure of the post was spent elsewhere, at Shanghai, at Formosa, and in carrying out, in February 1852, a bold and successful mission into the interior, to Hinghwa, where the youthful diplomatist more than held his own with the Chinese authorities, and managed to terminate a long-standing negotiation for the granting of a building site for the English colony. As soon as this negotiation was concluded, Parkes took up his new appointment of interpreter at the British consulate at Canton. He was now at the focus of Chinese exclusiveness and intolerance. At all the five treaty ports constituted in 1842, the right of Englishmen to enter the Chinese cities had been claimed by the treaty of Nanking; but at Canton, the official metropolis of Chinese relations with foreigners, this right had for ten years been successfully evaded. Not only was the consul, together with all his fellow countrymen, forbidden to enter the gates of Canton, or hold direct personal intercourse with the Chinese dignitary who presided over the foreign department, but walks round about the city were attended with so much danger to Europeans from the hostility of the populace, fomented by the mandarins, that exercise and excursions were almost unknown by the foreign community, who dwelt penned up in their 'factories' on the river bank. The plenipotentiaries at Hongkong had vainly insisted on the full execution of treaty rights. The Chinese in reply urged the danger of popular outbreaks, and the English government deprecated the risk of another war for an unproved advantage. During Parkes's residence there in 1852–4 he was compelled, like others, to accept the situation, though his constitutional courage and love of adventure enabled him to make excursions into the country with impunity. At the instance of the consul, Dr. (afterwards Sir) John Bowring, he drew up a valuable report on Chinese emigration, which was published in the blue-book of 1853 (Parl. Papers, 1853, No. 263); and his report on the Russian caravan trade with China, written in September 1853, and published in the 'Journal of the Royal Geographical Society' (vol. xxiv. 1854), was praised by Lord Clarendon. During the absence of both consul and vice-consul in 1853, Parkes took charge of the Canton consulate, and arranged a serious misunderstanding between the French and the English colony with tact and discretion. In recognition of his skill in averting an international quarrel, the foreign office early in 1854 appointed him full consul at Amoy, 'as a special mark of the satisfaction with which her majesty's government had watched his conduct in the public service.' He arrived at Amoy in May 1854. But in February 1855 he was summoned south to accompany Sir John Bowring (who had succeeded Sir George Bonham as plenipotentiary at Hongkong) on a special mission to Siam. The conclusion of the first European treaty with Siam was largely the work of Parkes, who, as secretary to the mission, had to conduct the preliminary negotiations for the reception of the envoy, and to educate the Siamese in the rudimentary principles of international obligations, consular jurisdiction, and the very alphabet of a commercial treaty. The difficulty of the task was aggravated by the prejudices of the Siamese ministers; but every obstacle was overcome, mainly by Parkes's firm and resourceful diplomacy. The treaty was signed on 18 April 1855, and Parkes in due course carried it home for ratification. On 9 July he was received by the queen, and explained the results of the mission. After six months in England, during which he was continually employed by the foreign office on Chinese and Siamese questions, he married (1 Jan. 1856) Fanny, fifth daughter of Thomas Plumer, son of Sir Thomas Plumer [q. v.], late master of the rolls, and eight days afterwards the newly married pair sailed for Bangkok, where the ratified treaties were duly exchanged, with much curious pomp, on 5 April; and a supplementary agreement, drawn up by Parkes himself, dealing with various details essential to the execution of the treaty, was signed on 13 May, after considerable and harassing negotiations. The treaty and supplement gained him no little credit in diplomatic circles.
In June 1856 Parkes took up the post of acting-consul at Canton, and four months later the seizure by the Chinese of the lorcha Arrow, on 8 Oct. 1856, coming on the top of a long series of insults, brought the question of Canton hostility, intolerance, and exclusiveness to a crisis (Lane-Poole, Life of Parkes, i. 216–40). The seizure of the Arrow and imprisonment of the crew were unquestionably an affront to the British flag; but Parkes, so far from exaggerating its importance, gave the Chinese commissioner Yeh every opportunity for withdrawing from an untenable position without apology, indemnity, or humiliation. The kernel of the difficulty was the long-standing refusal to admit Europeans, according to treaty, within the walls of Canton. Had Parkes been allowed to argue the matter face to face with Yeh, it is probable that there would have been no war. As it was, the Chinese commissioner treated the affair and the consul's remonstrances with contempt; and Sir John Bowring, the plenipotentiary, after vainly demanding an apology and restitution, placed the quarrel in the hands of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour [q. v.], the naval commander-in-chief on the station, who first tried the effect of small reprisals, and at last, when Yeh continued obstinate and set a reward on British heads, gave orders for the storming of Canton, which was followed by the admiral's forcible entrance into the city, accompanied by Parkes, on 29 Oct. Although Parkes's position was actually subordinate, and he received daily instructions from Hongkong, he thoroughly agreed in Bowring's policy, and doubtless his opinion had considerable weight with his chief; while by the Chinese he alone was credited with the whole initiative. 'Consul Parkes has opened fire,' was Yeh's message to the American consulate. A heavy reward was offered for his head; but he held his position in the consulate, with shells flying over it; at the risk of his life he went among the people distributing amnesties and warning them of their danger; and he was injured by an explosion in the attack on one of the forts, when he, as usual, accompanied the admiral with a daring fearlessness to which Sir Michael Seymour bore official testimony.
After the temporary entrance into Canton and the destruction of the river forts, the admiral found his force too weak to hold the city, and had to await reinforcements from England. The Arrow dispute and its consequences were severely handled by the peace party in the House of Commons, and after an adverse vote there, Palmerston appealed to the country; but he did not wait for its verdict (which proved decisively in his favour) before ordering out an expedition to China, and instructing Lord Elgin to proceed to the seat of war to arrange terms of settlement. The expedition was delayed by the outbreak of the Indian mutiny, and no decisive steps were taken in China until the close of 1857. Meanwhile Parkes and his staff were transferred to Hongkong, after the burning of the consulate and factories at Canton, and the year passed with him in practical inactivity. When at last Lord Elgin, in conjunction with the French ambassador, Baron Gros (who also had a grievance to settle on behalf of his own nation), opened negotiations with Commissioner Yeh, and, failing to obtain satisfactory replies, ordered the bombardment of Canton on 28 Dec., Parkes was attached to the admiral's staff, and was not only the first to enter the city after the capture of the walls, but succeeded in tracking and arresting Commissioner Yeh himself, who was transported to Calcutta.
On 9 Jan. 1858 a European commission was appointed to control the government of Canton, and Parkes was one of the three commissioners. His knowledge of the language and people gave him the pre-eminence among his inexperienced military colleagues, and it is not too much to say that for nearly four years he was practically the governor of the city. Of the ability he displayed in this novel and difficult office there has been but one opinion. General Sir Charles van Straubenzee [q. v.], the commander-in-chief of the army in China, stated: 'His energy is untiring, never sparing himself in any way; personal danger and personal comfort were never thought of when he could in any way advance the public service' (Life of Parkes, i. 276). He had to carry on the administration through obstinate and treacherous Chinese officials, with a price of thirty thousand dollars on his head, and exposed to frequent attempts on his life. Yet he restored order in the city, induced the inhabitants and merchants to return to their homes, revived trade, administered strict justice, and punished oppression and cruelty; so that 'a corporal with a switch kept order in the crowded streets without the slightest sign of resistance or animosity, where no foreigner could before pass the gates or even walk in the suburbs or outskirts without suffering insult and contumely from the very children' (Sir R. Alcock, cited in Life of Parkes, i. 289). Besides restoring tranquillity and trade to Canton, Parkes induced the military commanders to take steps to suppress the bands of 'braves' who infested the countryside and even ventured to menace the city itself. He accompanied General Straubenzee in the expedition (January 1859) to Shektsing, which struck a decisive blow at the centre of disaffection; he rode through many villages with a small escort, tearing down hostile proclamations, reassuring the inhabitants, and issuing amnesties and manifestos of goodwill; and he ascended the West River with the allied commanders for nearly two hundred miles, half of which had never been explored by any foreign vessel, visiting numerous cities and villages, and everywhere endeavouring with marked success to conciliate the astonished officials and population. The opening of the West River to foreign trade should have followed this expedition; but to this day the necessary steps have not been taken. Parkes's services during this critical period were recognised by the decoration of a companion of the Bath.
The third war with China found him engaged in this peaceful work of reconstruction and conciliation at Canton. Lord Elgin had concluded the treaty of Tientsin in 1858, but had left the vital question of the reception of a resident British minister at Pekin unsettled, and had allowed the allied army to retire from Tientsin without waiting to see the treaty ratified and put in force. Parkes, who distrusted Lord Elgin's policy, foresaw that difficulties would ensue; and when Frederick Bruce [see Bruce, Sir Frederick William Adolphus], the first British minister to China, attempted to enter the Peiho, 20 June 1859, his gunboats were fired upon by the Taku forts and beaten back with heavy loss. A fresh army was forthwith despatched to China to enforce the treaty, and Lord Elgin and Baron Gros returned to remedy their former errors. Parkes's services were indispensable in the ensuing campaign, and he was temporarily called off from his duties at Canton, where he had secured the Shameen site for the rebuilding of the destroyed British settlement, and had also organised, at the suggestion and with the aid of J. G. Austin, an emigration house for Chinese coolies, whereby the evils of the existing system, with its crimps and cruelty, would be mitigated. His first act in relation to the renewed war was to suggest and carry out the plan of leasing the peninsula of Kowloon, opposite Hongkong, in the first instance as a convenient camping ground for the expected army, and thereafter permanently as a protection to the colony of Hongkong against the piracy which had long found shelter on the opposite coast. To any one unacquainted with the Chinese it would have appeared absurd to attempt to induce the Chinese governor-general to convey by lease a portion of the empire to be used as a depôt for hostile troops; it was done, however, and Kowloon is now permanently British territory. Going up to Shanghai in April, Parkes assisted General Sir James Hope Grant [q. v.] in the first act of the war—the occupation of the island of Chusan (20 April 1860); and, after putting affairs in order at Canton, in view of possible disturbances, he was summoned to the front to act on Lord Elgin's staff. He sailed north on 21 July, and took a prominent part as chief interpreter in the Peking campaign. He was the first to enter the Pehtang fort; he negotiated under flag of truce, but at considerable risk, the surrender of the remaining Taku forts after the successful assault of the first fort on 21 Aug.; arranged for the supplies and transport of the army; and conducted, in conjunction with Mr. (afterwards Sir) Thomas F. Wade, the negotiations for peace with the Chinese imperial commissioners at Tientsin, and subsequently at Tung-chow.
On returning from the latter town, after having apparently settled all the preliminaries of peace, Parkes was treacherously arrested on 18 Sept., in company with Mr. (afterwards Sir) Henry Brougham Loch and several other English and French civilians and officers and the Indian escort, and was carried a prisoner to Peking. Here he was kept in heavy chains for eleven days, subjected to minor tortures before the board of punishments, and herded for four days with the worst felons in the common gaol. He was not, however, confined in a cage, as has been erroneously reported. Throughout his imprisonment he stoutly refused to purchase his life and liberty by making conditions which might compromise Lord Elgin's diplomatic negotiations; nor would he accept his release from prison unless Mr. Loch, who was separately confined, were permitted to share his advantage. After eleven days the two prisoners were placed together in a Chinese temple, where they received a secret message from their friends, worked in the embroidery of some linen, for which they had been allowed to send to the British headquarters. On 5 Oct. they were informed that they were to be executed that evening; but the order was countermanded by the prince of Kung, owing to the defeat of the Tartars at Pa-li-kao and the seizure of the Summer Palace; and on the 8th Parkes and Loch were allowed to rejoin the British camp. A quarter of an hour after the prince of Kung had released them, an express arrived from the emperor himself (who was a fugitive in Mongolia) with an order for their instant execution. With the exception of nine of the Indian escort, most of the other prisoners had died under the cruel treatment of their gaolers.
As soon as Parkes was restored to liberty he negotiated the surrender of one of the gates of Peking, and entered the city, 13 Oct., with General Sir Robert Napier (afterwards Lord Napier of Magdala). He had nothing to do with Lord Elgin's decision to burn the Summer Palace, but he considered it was a just punishment for the treachery and cruelty shown towards the murdered prisoners. The palace had already been so thoroughly looted by the French that its destruction involved less vandalism than is commonly supposed. On 27 Oct. Parkes accompanied the British embassy to its new residence within the city of Peking. It was the last act of the drama in which he had throughout played a prominent part.
After acting as interpreter on 8 Nov., when Bruce was formally introduced to the prince of Kung as the first British minister to the court of Peking, and Lord Elgin took his leave, Parkes returned to his duties as commissioner at Canton, from which he was speedily called away to undertake the responsible and difficult duty of selecting the new ports up the Yang-tsze-Kiang which had been conceded to British trade by the treaty of Tientsin. He accompanied Admiral Sir James Hope [q. v.] up the river in February to April 1861; established consulates at Chinkiang, Kiukiang, and Hankow; and held various communications with the Taiping rebels who were in occupation of a great part of the country on both sides of the Yang-tsze, and, by their lawless incursions, added considerably to the difficulties of the new ports. The opening of the Yang-tsze to foreign trade was the most practical result of the treaty of Tientsin, adding no less than 3,500,000l. a year to the export trade of Great Britain; and the admiral ascribed the success of the operation mainly to the 'unwearied zeal' and 'thorough knowledge' of the people and language displayed by Parkes in this hazardous and delicate negotiation.
After a brief visit to the embassy at Peking in April 1861, and another interview with the rebel leaders at Nanking in June, with a view to prevent their attacking the British settlements, Parkes returned for the last time to Canton, where he superintended the sale of the new Shameen site to British merchants in September, and thus laid the foundations of the great settlement which has taken the place of the burnt 'factories' of former days. On 21 Oct. the British occupation of Canton came to an end, and the city was restored to the Chinese government. After handing over the city to its native officials, Parkes took a well-earned leave of absence, and sailed in January 1862 for home, where, in addition to much official and social 'lionizing,' he received in May the added honour of a K.C.B., at the early age of thirty-four.
In January 1864 he left again for China, to take up the post of consul at Shanghai, where he had been appointed as long ago as February 1859, but had been detained by the duties of the commission at Canton. The change from almost autocratic government of a great city to the routine and drudgery of a hard-worked consulate was abrupt and trying; the minute details and the constant pressure of judicial work told upon his nervous and restless disposition; and the anxieties of the Taiping rebellion, then in course of suppression by Colonel Charles George Gordon [q. v.], added to his cares. With Gordon he was on intimate terms of friendship, and their policy was identical; but from Li Hung-Chang, the governor-general, Parkes experienced much opposition, notably in the question of the disbanding of the 'ever victorious army' and the establishment out of its remains of a camp of instruction for the protection of Shanghai. The organisation, moreover, of the internal government of the British community at Shanghai gave him no little trouble, and he found himself obliged to put a check upon the ambitious designs of the English municipal council.
In the course of a visit to the ports which he had opened on the Yang-tsze he received from Earl Russell (under date 27 March) the appointment of minister to Japan. He now left the consular and entered upon the higher duties of the diplomatic service, of which he had already acquired some experience in Siam.
Parkes arrived at Nagasaki on 24 June 1865, and landed at Yokohama on 18 July. He was immediately confronted with a grave difficulty—how to obtain the ratification by the mikado of the 1858 treaties. The political condition of Japan at this epoch was confused and divided. Of the daimios, or feudal chiefs, some supported the shogun (tycoon), who had long absorbed the executive functions of sovereignty, and who favoured the extension of foreign relations; while others, who in the end proved the more powerful, supported the mikado, whose secluded life and bounded ideas were understood to encourage a policy of diplomatic exclusion, if not the absolute expulsion of foreigners from Japan. Parkes at once grasped the situation. The Choshiu struggle, which first engaged his attention, revealed to him the waning influence of the shogun; and while negotiating terms for the opening of the ports of Hiogo and Osaka to foreign trade, he conceived the bold policy of going to Osaka with the other foreign representatives, and urging, through the shogun, the ratification of the treaties by the mikado himself. Parkes's energy and firmness, supported by the presence of the allied fleet, carried the day; the treaties were ratified by the mikado on 24 Nov., and thus before the new minister had been six months in Japan 'he had won the most signal victory British diplomacy has ever gained in the Far East' (Dickins, in Life of Parkes, ii. 44). The next three years were a period of anarchy and civil war in Japan. The great daimios were determined to get rid of the shogun, and the revolt of the western chiefs was followed by the coup d'état of 3 Jan. 1868, when the shogunate was formally abolished, and Satsuma and other western daimios obtained the direction of the authority of the mikado. Keiki, the last of the shoguns, did not submit without a struggle; but a defeat at Fushimi ended in his flight, and the new government was rapidly organised. The mikado was induced to emerge from his old seclusion, and even to receive the foreign ministers in personal audience on 23 March 1868. On this occasion, while proceeding to the court at Kioto, Parkes, who had already been attacked by a two-sworded Japanese in 1866, and had run considerable risk in suppressing a wild irruption of armed men of Bizen during the civil war, was furiously assaulted by several Japanese swordsmen, who wounded twelve of his escort before they were cut down. The minister himself, though hotly pursuing his assailants, was fortunately untouched. The Japanese government made every reparation in its power, and it was evident that the assault was prompted by mere fanatical hatred of foreigners in general, and had no particular reference to Englishmen or to the British envoy. Parkes's first audience of the mikado was postponed by this accident till 22 May, when he formally presented his credentials to the now fully recognised sovereign of Japan.
Thenceforward, at least up to 1872, Parkes was identified with every forward movement of Japan towards unification and assimilation to western civilisation. How wide and deep his influence was with the Japanese government cannot be stated in detail so long as his despatches remain buried in the archives at the foreign office. Out of eighteen years of diplomatic work as minister to Japan, the continuous despatches of only about eighteen months have been published. Among other matters, he took an active part in helping the Japanese to place their currency and finance on a better footing, advised them in the complicated ichibu question, got a mint founded (where Lady Parkes in 1870 struck the first Japanese coin ever issued by modern machinery), and assisted the government in the capitalisation of the samurai pensions. He was urgent, as early as 1870, for the introduction of railways; and, as doyen of the corps diplomatique, it fell to him to congratulate the mikado on the opening of the Hiogo line in February 1877, nine years after he had seen the port of Hiogo (Kobé) opened to foreign trade. He also initiated the system of lighthouses round Japan in 1870. To other nations his mediation was often valuable, and the Austrian government expressed its gratitude for his aid in their treaty of 1869. Among the delicate negotiations of his first period of residence in Japan, the visit of the Duke of Edinburgh in 1869 involved nice questions of state receptions and other formalities, all of which were settled to the satisfaction of both courts. Shortly after entertaining the prince, Parkes was waylaid by two fanatics, and cut at with a sword; but the blow missed, and the English minister captured one of his assailants. In May 1871, for the first time in history, the mikado granted a private interview to a foreigner, when he expressed his deep gratitude to Parkes for the help he had afforded the reconstituted Japanese state.
From the summer of 1871 to February 1873 Parkes was on leave in England, but not idle. He was an important witness before the House of Commons' committee on the consular service, and he was requested to attend the celebrated Iwakura embassy in its visits to various English cities, as well as at its presentation to the queen. On his return to Japan the effects of the experiences of the Japanese envoys in the west were speedily felt. They had hastily absorbed a number of crude ideas and accepted not a little injudicious advice, and they were less ready than before to listen to the counsels even of so trusted a friend as Parkes, who found himself more frequently at variance with the Japanese government than heretofore. The filibustering expeditions to Loochoo and Formosa in 1874 were against his advice; and it was with no little pleasure and relief that he received the mikado's message of thanks to his old colleague, Sir Thomas Wade, for the able manner in which he had solved the difficulty and averted a war between China and Japan. Parkes was more successful in persuading the Japanese to follow his counsels when there seemed grounds for expecting an invasion of Yezo by Russia. A sign of the improved tranquillity of the country was seen in 1875, when the English guard, which had been maintained at Yokohama since 1864, was withdrawn, along with the French troops. The visitation of cholera in 1878, however, led to protracted discussions on quarantine, and Parkes was absurdly accused of causing the deaths of eighty thousand Japanese. All he and the other European ministers did was to bring the quarantine regulations in line with the treaties, which the Japanese were disposed to override. In 1879 Parkes was suddenly called home by the serious illness of his wife, who had returned to England in the previous year, and who died in November 1879, four days before her husband's arrival in London. He remained in England until January 1882, busily engaged in advising the foreign office on the question of the revision of the treaties with Japan, and returned to Yokohama with the additional honour of the grand cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George, never before conferred upon any representative of the crown for service in the Far East. He was received with enthusiasm by the foreign residents of all nationalities, and presented with an address of welcome, in which the foreign community indignantly repudiated the attacks which had recently been levelled at him by some Americans and Englishmen, whose object was to drive him from Japan, in order to secure a less vigilant and more compliant envoy, who would leave the field more open to the interested policy of the American legation. That the revision of the treaties, the main subject of discussion during the last year of his tenure of the legation, came to nothing, was not due to any factious opposition on the part of Parkes; but when it was proposed to abolish the consular extraterritorial jurisdiction, and confide the lives and property of foreigners to the protection of the then immature and inexperienced Japanese law-courts, the British minister could do no less than protest. Not until eleven years had elapsed after Parkes left Japan was any approach made to a settlement of the treaty revision by the new agreements of 1894.
In the spring of 1883 Parkes was offered the legation at Peking, in succession to Sir Thomas Wade. He was gazetted minister to China in July, and left Japan at the end of August, amid the lamentations of the foreign residents, and after receiving the mikado's personal regrets at his departure and cordial thanks for his long and invaluable help. He was prevented only by the rules of the service from accepting the proffered grand cordon of the Rising Sun, which had not been awarded to even the most distinguished Japanese generals. Parkes was welcomed with enthusiasm by the British community in China; but the arrival of so formidable an envoy, whose past career had been marked by a series of triumphs over Chinese diplomacy, was scarcely so agreeable to the emperor's government, who gave, however, no immediate sign of discontent. Parkes had hardly taken up his residence at Peking when he left for Korea, and, arriving at Söul 27 Oct., was back again in China by 30 Nov., with an admirable treaty. 'He had outdone his Japanese performance of 1865, and, within two months of his arrival in China, proposed, negotiated, and concluded with the Korean government a new treaty as just and reasonable as it was practical in its provisions' (Dickins, in Life of Parkes, ii. 207). The treaty, which is 'a model of clear drafting,' opened three ports and two cities in Korea, and contained carefully worded provisions for every necessity of commercial relations with the 'hermit state.' The British government expressed its 'entire satisfaction' with the treaty, and appointed Parkes (7 March 1884) minister-plenipotentiary to the king of Korea, in addition to his China legation. On 21 April 1884 he left Shanghai in order to exchange the ratifications of the treaty with the king.
The Korean treaty was the chief result of Parkes's brief tenure of the legation at Peking. The absorbing event of the time was the French attack upon Tongking. Parkes had, it is true, nothing to do with the negotiations ensuing upon this act of aggression, so far as may be judged from the very meagre selection of his despatches hitherto published; but the peculiar conditions of the struggle, when hostilities went on without any declaration of war, and the duties and rights of neutrals were extremely difficult to define and protect, caused him constant labour and anxiety. The anti-foreign feeling stirred up in China by French aggression led to riots, in which the distinction between French and English was naturally disregarded; and at Canton and Wênchow disturbances took place, the punishment and reparation for which demanded all Parkes's firmness and pertinacity. He had to deal with the tsungli yamên, or foreign board, a body even more bigoted and overbearing than the local commissioners, governors, and intendants, with whom as consul he had formerly negotiated, and stormy interviews at the yamên were no unusual occurrence. But never was his influence more decisively felt by the Chinese ministers than when he demanded and obtained (September 1884) the immediate repudiation of the monstrous proclamation in which the Chinese were instigated to poison the French wherever they found them. His last public service was the acquisition in 1885 of Port Hamilton as a coaling station for the British fleet in the North Pacific. He did not live to witness its ill-judged abandonment in the following year. Worn out by overwork and restless mental activity, he succumbed, after a brief illness, to Peking fever, 22 March 1885, at the age of fifty-seven. His body, after every mark of honour and respect had been paid by the foreign communities and both the Chinese and Japanese governments, was brought to England, and buried at Whitchurch. A memorial bust (by T. Brock, R.A.) was unveiled in St. Paul's Cathedral by his old chief, Sir Rutherford Alcock, in 1887; and a statue was erected at Shanghai and unveiled by the Duke of Connaught in 1890. Of seven children (five daughters and two sons), the eldest daughter died in 1872; another, the wife of Commander Egerton Levett, R.N., was killed by a fall from her horse in 1890; and the younger son, Douglas Gordon, succumbed to fever at Penang in 1894. The eldest surviving daughter married, in 1884, Mr. J. J. Keswick, of the China firm of Jardine, Matheson, & Co.
In person Parkes was short and slight, of a very fair complexion, large head, broad high brow, alert expression, and bright vigilant blue eyes. In character he was extraordinarily tenacious of purpose, restlessly active, prompt and energetic, never losing his presence of mind in danger or difficulty, courageous and daring to a fault. Earnest, religious, zealously devoted to his country, and possessed of very clear views as to her interests and imperial duties, his work became the absorbing passion of his life, and any obstruction to that work was visited with impatient wrath and indignation. The admiration and devotion which he inspired among a distinguished band of assistants, some of whom were largely trained by himself, is proof enough that he was a just and generous, as well as a hardworking, exacting, and masterful chief.
[S. Lane-Poole and F. V. Dickins's Life of Sir Harry Parkes, 2 vols. 1894, with portrait, where all other authorities are cited; private information.]
S. L-P.
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Around the world, consumers are increasingly opting for specialized diets that address their desire to eat organic, low-fat, low-carb, or eliminate ingredients based on food sensitivities, allergies or personal convictions. Approximately two-thirds of the respondents (64%) in Nielsen's new Global Health and Ingredient-Sentiment Survey said they follow a diet that limits or prohibits consumption of at least some foods or ingredients; response rates in Africa/Middle East (84%) and Asia-Pacific (72%) were higher than global average. Two-thirds of global consumers (68%) said they were willing to pay more for foods without undesirable ingredients.