The Federal Communication Commision has recently released its decision to deregulate and incentivize wireless service providers in the anticipation of 5G wireless services which they have hailed as not only revolutionary tech but also as a critical piece of infrastructure with which to facilitate our daily lives.
Sound familiar? This sort of language was used during the roll out of 4G and other network services in still more remote times (2001 specifically). The idea being that deregulating providers of telecommunication services would lead to increased economic expansion, personal financial prosperity, and exponential market growth by way of competition ensuring an ever more rapidly arriving technological future.
To be sure, some of that can prove true in certain circumstances, though with respect to the largest wireless service providers in the country these eventualities never fully materialized. What did indeed materialize for these companies, after said regulations were stripped, was a much healthier balance sheet.
This is a complicated technical and political issue that spans decades and yet boils down to the simplest of reasons for being. Money and power. Plain and simple. The players in this game are numerous but there are a few we should focus on by way of introduction. The FCC, Verizon, AT&T and cities like Santa Monica and the entire South Bay region of California.
As has been frequently reported, our stalwart friends in California have been steadily fighting the rising tide of privatized internet services and constitutionally appropriated local regulatory powers. Acting as vanguard for our entire nation this state of near 40 million residents has fought back against the repeal of Net Neutrality, reduced potency of environmental standards and the encroachment of federal oversight for seemingly nefarious causes. In the latest chapter of the Californian saga the Bay Area figures prominently as an acting protagonist.
Our story does not begin with the Bay. For all intents and purposes our story begins in Santa Monica, circa 1998. Way back then a Telecommunications Master Plan was put into effect and the course has been shepherded by the local government CIO's and Technology Directors to very successful ends. With Santa Monica realizing the necessity of a connected populous for daily living and the integrity of its high-speed data processing abilities to entice commerce and investment, the choice for installing fiber optic cable beneath all new construction and renovation became obvious.
While installing fiber can be revenue and labor intensive the product itself virtually guarantees unlimited technological (if not physical) longevity. Having a foundation with which to build upon for future generations was crucial to the long-term view of the master plan. This designed longevity has served Santa Monica well and recouped millions in revenue for the city through leases and provided residents and businesses alike access to high capacity broadband at significantly reduced cost when compared to traditional wireless networks and copper line technologies.
Santa Monica is not the only example of a successful pairing of municipal governments enacting policy to build networks that serve the greater citizenry and community of business alike. San Francisco has been at the game for a few years now working to provide fiber to a greater portion of its residents and with their practices, have developed a strategy to lease dark fiber, or passive sections of installed fiber optics, to Internet Service Providers (ISP) looking to connect to previously unreachable customers.
So why, when these practices have been so successful, does the FCC wish to restrict cities' capacity to conduct business in this way? Money and Power. But the FCC is a federal bureaucracy, what need have they of money and power? How do they, or individuals therein, even stand to gain any?
Well, that is a question for the lawyers and that other Federal Bureau. Taken in aggregate, the aggressive expansion of latitude provided to private wireless carriers seems to paint an unusual bias for an FCC administrator. FCC Chairman, Ajit Pai has certainly displayed such an affinity for the telecom giants; the motivation for which is to be determined by history, and a jury.
Risk Averse. But whose risk?
A sensibly risk-averse government is a good thing. When a municipality is trying to hedge its future economic risk by implementing a strategy to include a modern technological commodity for its residents and businesses, it should be considered an act done in the name of the people's best interest. To suppress that ability or outright block it at a federal level is tantamount to disservice at the very least and outright corruption at most.
How then does this scenario play out at the hands of an administration that has traditionally been pro-home rule/state's rights and definitively anti-federal involvement? In cases past, where private sector business comes out ahead with a Republican minority party at the federal level, and GOP influenced state houses, we often see the scales tipping to the pro-home rule stance. Where the GOP has been the incumbent party of the nation, we see a shift to federal overreach by way of a dismantling of regulations that supplant the state and local level.
The suggestion here by the GOP led FCC is one that highlights regional cooperation alongside local autonomy as an invalid concept. They see this dichotomy as nullifying, therefore, any possibility of a regional municipal fiber-optic network would be a thing of fiction. Re-enter the Bay Area.
Sixteen Southern Bay Area city councils have signaled their support of a regional fiber optic network that would connect cities, even having gone so far as to request bids for its' construction. This network would serve as a backbone that would be constructed through cost sharing, private investment, local cooperation and public utilities. This foundation would provide high-speed broadband access to consumers, diversify competition, lower price points and drive revenue back to the city.
In response, the FCC has declared this to be unlawful. They do so by citing the very decisions that have reinforced local municipalities' ability to invest in network connectivity and provide their state or region expanded e-commerce. Interpreting past decisions in a manner favorable to the FCC's objective of ensuring ISP monopolies through federally mandated policy, allows for unmitigated control over product, placement, availability and evolution.
Yet the FCC has since determined by way of their expert status and technical translators that Congress had meant it otherwise. Determining the intent to provide private companies the ability to install tech by way of federally forced local permissions if not granted within the predetermined shot clock (acceptable time frame) and use the public utility as a means of transmission, yet reap the financial benefits alone.
There is an advantage to the slow burn for private companies like Verizon and AT&T. Slower growth and forced adoption of incrementally new tech provides an almost limitless revenue stream. Similar to the yearly production of new cell phones. It has become all flash and no fire; but it's the hype that sells. A slightly different size, a modicum of increased speed, a shiny new bezel. All these are window dressing on something you have seen many times before, and will again, in a different color.
Controlling the tech burn by limiting access maintains the status quo. Incrementally increased speeds at moderately increased prices feeds the economic fire. But while we fight amongst ourselves and squabble like greedy children out for the last piece of pie the rest of the world is moving forward with an agenda to show America how it's done.
The FCC might be able to go one on one with American cities, but can it take on the world?
Continue to unfold the story in part two of "The FCC vs. The World".


At the age of 27 Daniel Parkinson is enjoying a second career ... and a second apprenticeship.
The Longridge man is a passionate advocate of the value of earning while you learn.
The former pupil of Chipping St Mary's and St Cecilia's school in Longridge, near Preston, embarked on his first apprenticeship at the age of 16 - in bricklaying.
But his thirst to learn more drove him to return to formal study. He said: "At the age of 19 I put myself through my HNC (Higher National Certificate) in construction at night school".
After his studies at Preston College he became self employed for two years.
But at the age of 23 he had another turning point and signed up for a second apprenticeship, in quantity surveying with Balfour Beatty.
His career now means he splits his time before working for Balfour Beatty based at the Sellafield nuclear plant three days a week in Cumbria.Then he packs his bag and returns home for a day's study at UCLan in Preston, before spending a day working from his company's Warrington offices.
When he qualifies Daniel sees his future in the nuclear industry which he notes is "ever growing".
Such has been his success that he was recently selected to take part in an company wide apprenticeship challenge representing the north as one of a small team.
He believes his company is leading the way "using degree apprenticeships to help young people gain experience and an education to give them the best possible career they can."
He says his ambition, once he signed up, was clear: "just to get in and learn everything I could."
In two years Daniel, who has been with Balfour Beatty three years, expects to be fully qualified.
Daniel says he hopes his case also highlights the fact that you don't need to be 16 to consider an apprenticeship.
Warming to his theme he stresses businesses need "all sorts of people" especially for complex work demands.
The rest for Daniel is history. He had found his niche.
The range of Balfour Beatty apprenticeships include civil, electrical and mechanical engineering, highways maintenance, construction management, business support and administration, IT and software, communications and finance.
One of Daniel's next tasks as part of the apprentice challenge is to go in to schools and colleges to talk about his experiences of being an apprentice and why it can be "the right step for a young person to take".
Finally all the competing teams have to give a presentation.
Although he splits his working life between three counties there is no doubting where he calls home.
Now there is an extra call on his attention too - he and partner Melanie Hardinge became parents to baby Ronan 17 weeks ago.
• The Lancashire Skills Hub encourages companies to think about offering apprenticeship opportunitites. See www.lancashireskillshub.co.uk for more information.


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The curator as artist
Jim Kanak
OGUNQUIT — Many people know Michael Culver as the Curator of the Ogunquit Museum of American Art for nearly the past quarter century. But Culver is also an accomplished artist in his own right. In fact, he currently is exhibiting 31 pieces of his work at Mathias Fine Art on Barter's Island in Boothbay. His work is abstract and highly colorful.
"Seven or eight years ago, my work began to become more abstract," Culver said. "I didn't show anybody the work for almost a year. I wasn't sure where it was going. When I felt it was a directional movement I felt comfortable with, I started exhibiting."
Culver said his art had evolved over the years. "I started out as a representational painter," he said. "Around 1993, I began to go more abstract. But it is abstraction based on representational landscapes and figures.
"I began to see it was more exciting and interesting to me that the art was more mental than physical, not looking at something and painting it. It became more intellectual."
One upshot of the shift is that most of Culver's painting is done in the studio now. "I think it was Cezanne who said 'I carry my landscapes in here'," said Culver, pointing to his chest. "I go out and look at things, view things, and make mental notes and sketches. But the work is done in the studio now, as opposed to on site."
Culver's career in art covers more than 35 years. He is a native of Kentucky and earned degrees from the University of Louisville, including a bachelor's in Sculpture and Humanities, master's in Painting and Secondary Education, and Ph.D. in Art History. "I was in school as an undergraduate during Vietnam," Culver said. "I got drafted into the Army and I couldn't sculpt easily. So I began to do more drawing and painting in the service. When I went back to school I took some art courses. It's probably because of the Army that I'm a painter."
Culver has taught at the college level and has been an exhibiting painter since 1972. "I'm known more as a painter in Kentucky," he said. "I showed there for many years. I also showed around the Southeast. I came here in 1983 and showed at a gallery in Ogunquit. But I didn't feel right as the curator here to be an artist as well. I wasn't comfortable."
In addition to exhibits in Kentucky, Culver's paintings have been exhibited in New York City at the National Arts Club Gallery and Viridian Gallery. In Maine, he's exhibited at the Center for Maine Contemporary Art in Rockport and the Unity College Art Gallery, as well as Mathias Fine Art. His paintings also grace numerous public and private collections, including the Ogunquit Museum of American Art.
The Mathias show extends until July 15. "The works there are from 1993 through 2006," Culver said. "It's a nice span of my work. The way [the curator] has hung it shows how an artist goes from being representational to more abstract. There are 31 works on display but there are close to 50 works [at the gallery]. I'm sure [the curator] would be glad to bring other ones out."
Culver said the combination of being a curator and an artist is an advantage. "Artists appreciate the fact that as a curator you're also an artist," he said. "Your eye is different. I always argued that if I was going to run a department that taught curating I would make the students be proficient in one field or medium so they know the complete vocabulary of at least that one medium. N

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Our Comment
About PortNews IAA
Sovcomflot's fleet under RS supervision increased by 33% to 40 vessels in 2014
The version for the print
Subscription Russian Shipping Hydrotechnica
2015 January 29 17:49
Sovcomflot Group (SCF) and Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) undertake measures aimed at improvement of Russia fleet's competitiveness. According to the press center of RS, the year of 2014 saw the transition of 10 SCF vessels to the class of Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. The fleet of Sovcomflot under supervision of RS increased to 40 vessels including state-of-the-art LNG carriers of Atlanticmax class, multifunctional icebreaking supply vessels, oil tankers, chemical tankers, tugboats.
Taking into consideration the growing demand of large oil & gas projects in the continental shelf of Russia Sovcomflot is going to increase the number of specialized hi-tech vessels flying the flag of the Russian Federation and to further develop the cooperation with the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. The entire shipbuilding programme of SCF is being implemented with the participation of RS.
SCF and RS participate in implementation of a number of projects on construction of ships that can operate in extremely low temperature in the regions with severe climate. The pilot state-of-the-art Arctic LNG carrier (ARC7) is being built under the order of SCF for Yamal LNG project. The vessel will be able to transport LNG along the Northern Sea Route. The LNG carrier is to be put into operation in June 2016. One more series of 42,000 dwt Arctic shuttle oil carriers is being built under the supervision of RS for (project 42К Arctic Shuttle Tanker) for Novoportovskoye field (the largest field on the Yamal Peninsula). The delivery is scheduled for 2016.
A series of the state-of-the-art icebreaking vessels is under construction at Arctech Helsinki Shipyard Oy (USC) to the order of Sovcomflot for operation within the framework of Sakhalin-1 project. The series of Icebreaker6 vessels will ensure round-the year operation at oil & gas fields. The vessels are to be delivered before 2017. They will fly the flag of the Russian Federation.
Sovcomflot Group is Russia's largest shipping company and one of the world's leading shipping companies specializing in the maritime hydrocarbons transportation and supporting continental shelf exploration and oil & gas production. The SCF fleet includes 156 vessels with a combined deadweight of around 12 million tonnes. One third of them have a high ice class. The Group specialises in hydrocarbon transportation from regions with challenging ice conditions. Sovcomflot supports large-scale offshore energy projects in Russia and the rest of the world, including: Sakhalin-I, Sakhalin-II, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Tangguh, Escobar, and Peregrino.
The company is registered in Saint-Petersburg and has representative offices in Moscow, Novorossiysk, Murmansk, Vladivostok, London, Limassol, Madrid, Singapore and Dubai.
Established in 1913, Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) is one of the leading classification societies. Recognised by the European Union. Member of IACS. Russian Maritime Register of Shipping is a recognised leader in the development of safety standards for ice class ships. Traditionally, about 90% of the newbuildings to the RS class are ice-strengthened. Today, RS fleet comprises of approximately 3,350 ice class ships, among them modern Russian icebreakers (including nuclear 60 MW icebreakers), Arctic shuttle tankers, fixed ice-resistant offshore platforms, semi-submersible drilling units and other offshore field development facilities, including subsea pipelines. Headquartered in Saint-Petersburg has 52 branches in Russia and in foreign countries.
Другие новости по темам: Sovcomflot, shipbuilding, Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
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13:14 Unifeeder starts using carbon neutral towage services to boost decarbonization
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12:01 Chinese refinery throughput falls in December
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11:19 Fluxys launches 4 additional proposals for hydrogen and CO2 infrastructure in Belgium
10:28 Throughput of port Primorsk in 2021 rose by 7% Y-o-Y
10:03 The Nippon Foundation and Shin Nihonkai Ferry complete a demonstration test of the world's first fully autonomous ship navigation systems on a large car ferry
10:02 MABUX: Bunker price may continue upward trend on Jan 18
09:49 Container throughput of Hong Kong port (China) in 2021 fell by 1.1%
09:31 Baltic Dry Index as of January 17
09:13 Brent futures exceeded $87 a barrel for the first time since October 2014
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17:26 ICS and IRENA sign a Partnership Agreement to support the decarbonisation of the shipping sector
17:14 Concordia Maritime sells P-MAX vessel
16:51 Passenger Terminal Amsterdam expands business by adding river cruise under the new name Cruise Port Amsterdam
16:31 Ballastwater Equipment Manufacturers' Association recognized by the IMO
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15:39 Throughput of port Vysotsk in 2021 fell by 9% Y-o-Y
15:14 The PAV and the València City Council collaborate in the installation of a pilot device for generating electricity from waves
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14:40 BPA selects the Dongwon New Port Container Terminal Consortiaum to operate the Busan New Port's West Container Terminal
14:13 TotalEnergies, Green Investment Group and RIDG secure ScotWind leasing rights to develop a 2 GW windfarm in Scotland
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13:38 APM Terminals Aarhus adds reefer plugs to meet record volumes
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12:02 Bloomberg: Italy's ferry operator Moby files for Chapter 15 bankruptcy
11:56 Port of Antwerp cargo throughput up 3.8% to 240 million tons in 2021
11:49 Vostochny Port increased its throughput by 14.4% over five years
11:07 Optimarin expands global sales team in market push for BWT retrofits and newbuilds
10:54 MABUX: Bunker price may increase on Jan 17
10:24 Dual-fuel ferry for Ust-Luga-Baltiysk line to arrive at Baltiysk soon
09:56 IAA PortNews' summary of previous week news
09:30 Crude oil market sees moderate increase of prices
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September 25, 2018 09:00 ET | Source: HP Inc.
PALO ALTO, Calif., Sept. 25, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Sometimes it's the simplest of things that makes life easier. And this sleek, fully app-based, voice-activated printer, is it. With seamless set-up and cloud-based connectivity, you can print, scan and copy from anywhere. And, because it's so beautifully designed, it will blend seamlessly into your home décor when not in use.
• First of its kind covers based on the latest trends in International fashion, design and materials.
• Soft materials serve as both an aesthetic accent and paper landing zone.
• A "guided lighting" LED illuminates the paper tray when it's printing or out of paper.
• Use the app to communicate with Tango.
• Print anywhere using cellular data or a remote WIFI connection.
• Never run out of ink. Order ink directly from the app or let Tango do it automatically with HP Instant Ink.
• Be notified when a print job is complete, how your ink and paper levels are, or if your cover is closed.
• Photos print free from your smartphone when you enroll Tango in HP Instant Ink.
HP Tango will be available to reinvent home printing next month for $149; HP Tango X (includes cover) will also be available next month for $199 USD. The Tango covers are available in Indigo Linen, Charcoal Linen, and later this year, Cork Currant. Tango and the covers will be available for purchase at HP.com, Best Buy, Amazon.com and Apple. Download the HP Smart App from the Apple or Google Play Stores.
Learn more about Tango here, and visit our online press kit here.


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FC K'eĵer
Futból Clób K'eĵer
Nickname(s)
The Suns
Stadión ó Sól
(capacity: 5,000)
CrFA League 3
FC K'eĵer is a Craitish football club based in the county of K'eĵer, which competes in CrFA League 3. The club's stadium is Stadión ó Sól.
FC K'eĵer were created in 2004 and became a founder member of the Non-League for its first season. After eight seasons in the Non-League, the club was promoted to CrFA League 3 in 2013.
Retrieved from "https://micras.org/wiki/index.php?title=FC_K%27eĵer&oldid=101226"
Football teams
Craitish football clubs


Do you really know what you're going to get when you call a towing company? If you've never used that company before – probably not. That's why we focus on providing fast assistance from friendly technicians that will exceed all of your expectations for service. Additionally, we want you to feel as at ease as possible throughout the process. Our tow trucks are well-maintained, clean and detailed, meaning you'll always be able to spot one of our trucks when it's coming to help you! Below are photos of our fleet of vehicles, which allow us to do everything from towing semi-trucks to delivering gas or a new battery in your time of need. Call our staff for answers to your questions or for the fast service you need, when you need it!
Below, you'll find pictures of our fleet of tow trucks and roadside assistance vehicles. We provide the following types of vehicles for the following types of services. Please call our staff with any questions that you may have.
Flatbed Tow Trucks – These are common, and they look just like the name describes. They have a flatbed where the broken-down vehicle is secured onto before being raised and towed away.
Wheel-Lift Tow Trucks – Wheel-lift tow trucks have metal yokes that lift the vehicle off of the ground through the use of hydraulics. The vehicle is then towed on the remaining wheels, depending on what type of vehicle is being towed.
Boom Tow Trucks – These are mostly used in vehicle recovery situations including cards that have gone into ditches, bodies of water, etc. They use a hydraulic boom that's effective at pulling vehicles out of all types of situations.
Integrated Tow Trucks – An integrated tow truck uses a boom and a wheel-lift system for an efficient roadside recovery and towing vehicle that's useful in a number of different applications!


Move the lamp, guests are coming!
Assemble the lamp socket on the top "Y" piece. Its hole allows the cable to reach the ceiling light connection. Place as many hooks as you wish and move it in a 2 metre radius.


In my attempts to follow the debates about types of energy to power our society, and the push to electric cars and trucks, both of which we are told will be the holy grail of saving the environment, I have apparently missed the following information.
How and where do we safely store spent nuclear waste? I have not seen any mention of that in the pro-nuclear information being brought forth by proponents of subsidizing the nuclear industry. My understanding is spent fuel rods remain radioactive for thousands of years.
Likewise with electric vehicles, how many smokestacks will be needed to provide electricity? Will the power grids be able to handle the increased demand? (If you think nuclear is the answer, I again ask the above question.) How will the toxic lithium ion batteries be safely disposed when their usefulness is exhausted?
The pros and cons of the above would of course require much discussion, application of common sense and compromise.
What in my mind is of paramount concern is that the government does not force or in any way attempt to choose winners and losers in these debates.
Their track record for that stinks.


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Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era PowerPoint Presentation
Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era
Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Elon Okapi
Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era. Preview Objectives Evolution Precambrian Time The Paleozoic Era. Objectives. Summarize how evolution is related to geologic change. Identify two characteristics of Precambrian rock.
precambrian rock
like sea creatures
Precambrian Time - . " precambian " is the informal term for the interval of time prior to the evolutionary radiation
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE - . tarbuck lutgens. . chapter 13. earth's history. precambrian history. 13.1
Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era - . preview key ideas evolution precambrian time the paleozoic era. key
Formation of the Great Lakes Part 2 Precambrian and Paleozoic - . history channel video chapter 2 in grady chapter 2 in
Objectives - The geologic time scale. objectives. describe the geologic time scale. distinguish among the following
Paleozoic Era - Life starts in the seas and moves onto land. paleozoic era. six periods : cambrian ordovician silurian
Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era - . preview objectives evolution precambrian time the paleozoic era.
Section 2: Precambrian Time - . section 2: paleozoic. section 2: precambrian time and the paleozoic era. preview key
Precambrian Era - . simple life starts in the oceans. 4,600,000,000 years ago to 570,000,000 years ago 85% of earth's
18.2 Precambrian Time: Vast and Puzzling - Precambrian history. 18.2 precambrian time: vast and puzzling.  the
The Precambrian Era! - . by kahli veys. when we say "precambrian," what time period are we talking about?. the
A Trip Through Geologic Time - . earth's history. geological time scale: eras, periods major geologic events rocks and
Paleozoic Era Carboniferous Period - . 359-299mya "coal age," very well known for plant fossils that make up the
EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE - . metazoan invertebrates. mollusca	. cephalopods. chambered nautilus. early paleozoic life.
PALEOZOIC ERA - . age of sea-life. cambrian. 542 mya gondwanaland- mainly in s. hemisphere " waterworld ". cambrian
The LATE Paleozoic Era - . one giant leap for evolution charles roelant nicolas ciccone. the devonian period. known as
Phanerozoic eon - . "visible life" paleozoic era: old life mesozoic era: middle life cenozoic era: recent life.
The Precambrian Time - . felipe gonzález . valentina stozitzky. maría alejandra vargas . daniela ramos. daniel pérez.
The Precambrian Era - The paleozoic era. the paleozoic era was an era that lasted from around 600 million years ago to
Paleozoic - . late triassic. early-mid j. ccp. late k. eocene. neogene. quaternary. chilcotin mts square. albian time
Section 2: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era Preview • Objectives • Evolution • Precambrian Time • The Paleozoic Era
Objectives • Summarize how evolution is related to geologic change. • Identify two characteristics of Precambrian rock. • Identify one major geologic and two major biological developments during the Paleozoic Era.
Evolution • evolution an inheritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next; the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time. • By examining rock layers and fossils, scientists have discovered evidence that species of livings things have changed over time. • Scientists call this process evolution.
Evolution, continued Evolution and Geologic Change • Scientists think that evolution occurs by means of natural selection. Evidence for evolution included the similarity in skeletal structures of animals. • Major geologic and climatic changes can affect the ability of some organisms to survive. • By using geologic evidence, scientists try to determine how environmental changes affected organisms in the past.
Evolution, continued
Precambrian Time • Precambrian timethe interval of time in the geologic time scale from Earth's formation to the beginning of the Paleozoic era, from 4.6 billion to 542 million years ago. • The time interval that began with the formation of Earth and ended about 542 million years ago is known as Precambrian time, which makes up 88% of Earth's history.
Precambrian Time, continued
Precambrian Time, continued • The Precambrian rock record is difficult to interpret, therefore we do not know much about what happened during that time. • Most Precambrian rocks have been so severely deformed and altered by tectonic activity that the original order of rock layers is rarely identifiable.
Precambrian Time, continued Precambrian Rocks • Large areas of exposed Precambrian rocks, called shields, exist on every continent. • Nearly half of the valuable mineral deposits in the world occur in the rocks of Precambrian shields. • These valuable minerals include nickel, iron, gold, and copper.
Precambrian Time, continued Precambrian Life • Fossils are rare in Precambrian rocks mostly because Precambrian life-forms lacked bones, or other hard parts that commonly form fossils. • One of the few Precambrian fossils that have been discovered are stromatolites. • The presence of stromatolite fossils in Precambrian rocks indicates that shallow seas covered much of Earth during that time.
The Paleozoic Era • Paleozoic Era the geologic era that followed Precambrian time and that lasted from 542 million to 251 million years ago. • Paleozoic rocks hold an abundant fossil record. The number of plant and animal species on Earth increased dramatically at the beginning of the Paleozoic Era. • Because of this rich fossil record, the Paleozoic Era has been divided into seven periods.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Cambrian Period • The Cambrian Period is the first period of the Paleozoic Era. • Marine invertebrates thrived in the warm waters that existed during this time. • The most common of the Cambrian invertebrates were trilobites. Scientists use many trilobites as index fossils to date rocks to the Cambrian Period.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Cambrian Period • The second most common animals of the Cambrian Period were the brachiopods, a group of shelled animals. • Fossils indicated that at least 15 different families of brachiopods existed during this period. • Other common Cambrian invertebrates include worms, jellyfish, snails, and sponges.
The Paleozoic Era, continued Reading Check Name three common invertebrates from the Cambrian Period. Your answer should include three of the following: brachiopods, trilobites, jellyfish, worms, snails, and sponges.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Ordovician Period • During this period, populations of trilobites began to shrink, and clamlike brachiopods and cephalopod mollusks became the dominant invertebrate life-form. • Colonies of graptolites also flourished in the oceans, and the first vertebrates appeared. • The most primitive vertebrates were fish, which did not have jaws or teeth and were covered with thick, bony plates.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Silurian Period • During the Silurian Period, echinoderms, relatives of modern sea stars, and corals became more common. • Scorpion-like sea creatures called eurypterids also existed during this period. • Near the end of this period, the earliest land plants as well as animals evolved on land.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Devonian Period • The Devonian Period is called the Age of Fishes because fossils of many bony fishes were discovered in rocks of this period. • On type of fish, called a lungfish, had the ability to breathe air. Another type of fish, Rhipidistians, were air-breathing fish that had strong fins that may have allowed them to crawl onto the land for short periods of time. • Land plants, such as giant horsetails, ferns, and cone-bearing plants also began to develop during this period.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Carboniferous Period • In North America, the Carbiniferous Period is divided into the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Periods. • During this time, the climate was warm, and forests and swamps covered most of the world. • Amphibians and fish continued to flourish, and the first vertebrates that were adapted to live on land appeared.
The Paleozoic Era, continued The Permian Period • The Permian Period marks the end of the Paleozoic Era, because a mass extinction of a several life-forms occurred at the end of this period. • During this time, the continents had joined to form Pangaea, and as a result, the seas that covered the world retreated. • As the seas retreated, several species of marine life became extinct. But, reptiles and amphibians survived the environmental changes.


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Mark Lombardi's Art Was Full of Conspiracies—Now His Death Has Become One
Why China Is Suddenly Increasing Its Stake in the U.N.'s Troubled Humanitarian Forces
Newsweek Magazine
A Former CIA Interrogator on Death, Torture and the Dark Side
By Jeff Stein AND Adam Zagorin On 10/07/15 at 6:36 AM EDT
David W. Martine is a veteran of the CIA and FBI who retired after a 30-year career in counterterrorism, counterintelligence, counternarcotics, forensic science and criminal investigations. Andy Colwell for Newsweek
U.S. CIA Interrogation Torture CIA Torture Report
Warning: This article contains graphic images.
When David Martine arrived at the redbrick federal courthouse in Alexandria, Virginia, in the summer of 2011, he was three years past his retirement and had not participated in an interrogation since 2007, when he was one of the CIA's top inquisitors. On this day, however, he was not going to be asking questions. He was going to be answering them.
The Obama administration was investigating the deaths of prisoners in CIA custody. An earlier probe into a CIA official's order to destroy interrogation videos taped at "black sites" around the globe had failed to result in indictments. But expectations were high among critics of the agency's "enhanced interrogation techniques" when John Durham, a celebrated special prosecutor, began issuing subpoenas to CIA officers linked to the deaths. Martine was near the top of his list. As chief of the CIA's Detention Elicitation Cell in Iraq, he was suspected of destroying evidence connected to the grisly 2003 death of "the Iceman," an Iraqi detainee whose ice-packed corpse was spirited out of the infamous Abu Ghraib prison with an IV jammed into it as if he were still alive.
It was hardly the first time Martine had been questioned about the incident. The CIA's inspector general had repeatedly probed him and others at the spy agency about the fate of the Iceman and other captives in Afghanistan and Pakistan. And as Martine entered the courthouse, he, like other interrogators before him, was outraged that the cases had dragged on without resolution. "It was very discouraging," Martine tells Newsweek in an exclusive interview, the first time a CIA interrogator has discussed the Iceman case or his grand jury testimony publicly. "I had been investigated for seven years."
For the next year, Durham continued to pursue a criminal investigation into the deaths. Then, in June 2012, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Justice Department was closing the cases because of inadequate evidence. The upshot: After the demise of at least three detainees in CIA custody and more than 100 other prisoners held by U.S. forces, few were ever charged and even fewer convicted. "Wars are messy by their very nature," Michael Pheneger, a retired Army intelligence colonel who reviewed many of the cases for the American Civil Liberties Union, told the Associated Press in 2007. "But it's perfectly obvious that there is no rule of engagement that would authorize someone to kill someone in custody."
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The fate of the Iceman, said to be buried in an unmarked grave in a vast cemetery 100 miles south of Baghdad, is one of the many troubling mysteries in the war on terror. Barack Obama campaigned on dramatic pledges to cauterize the messy edges of the conflict "on the dark side," as Vice President Dick Cheney called it. President Obama denounced the CIA's "enhanced interrogation techniques" as torture and signed an executive order to close the U.S. prison at Guantánamo Bay as one of his first acts as commander in chief. Today, for all anyone knows, Guantánamo could remain open indefinitely. The cases of the five surviving 9/11 conspirators, as well as those of other top alleged terrorists, remain unresolved. And the government, not to mention the public, is still divided over how to sweep up, hold, question and prosecute foreign terrorists.
Tents of prisoners of Abu Ghraib prison are seen from a guard tower May 5, 2004. Six U.S. soldiers were reprimanded and six others faced criminal charges in connection with abuses at the Abu Ghraib prison after photographs were published and broadcast around the world showing naked Iraqi prisoners stacked in a pyramid or positioned to simulate sex acts. Reuters
Despite the profound differences between the prisoners and CIA interrogators, there is a bizarre parallelism between their unresolved fates. Many of the prisoners, according to recent investigations, were minor Al-Qaeda functionaries. A few were child soldiers swept up from the Afghan battlefields in the post-9/11 chaos. After more than a decade, m any seem slated for indefinite detention without trial. Most have never been charged with a crime or never been cleared. Likewise, though free, Martine and others like him have not been charged or had their names cleared either. Today, both the interrogators and prisoners remain stuck in a disturbing limbo. And so too are the American people. For them, the identity of whoever was responsible for the deaths of prisoners and other serious crimes remains a lingering, bloody question mark.
Hiding the Body
Early on the morning of November 4, 2003, a team of Navy SEALs with CIA support captured an Iraqi by the name of Manadel al-Jamadi. U.S. intelligence suspected him of being involved in the bombing of the Baghdad headquarters of the Red Cross, one of five synchronized attacks that killed 35 people and wounded 244. Jamadi resisted violently and suffered what an autopsy later determined were three broken ribs. Before dawn, the injured, manacled captive, naked from the waist down and with a bag over his head, was seen being led into Abu Ghraib prison. A "ghost prisoner," like many in CIA custody, Jamadi's presence was never recorded in the facility's log. Roughly an hour later, he was dead.
A military policeman later told investigators that the sole CIA officer in the shower area at Abu Ghraib where the prisoner was chained, Mark Swanner, had asked him and another guard to hoist Jamadi higher on the wall. That despite the fact that his arms were already "almost literally coming out of his sockets," one of the soldiers told investigators. "I mean, that's how bad he was hanging. The...[CIA] guy, he was kind of calm. He was sitting down the whole time. He was like, 'Yeah, you know, he just don't want to cooperate. I think you should lift him a little higher."
Related: How a Botched Translation Landed Emad Hassan in Gitmo
The autopsy report called the death a homicide, the result of "blunt force trauma" and "asphyxiation." But of the 10 Navy SEALs involved in the capture of Jamadi, only one, team leader Lieutenant Andrew Ledford, was tried in a military court, and he was acquitted of striking the prisoner and lying to an investigator, among other charges. The CIA referred Swanner to the Justice Department, which declined to press charges. But in 2011, he was called before Durham's grand jury. Swanner has consistently declined to comment on the incident.
The injured body of detainee Manadel al-Jamadi is packed in ice and plastic in late 2003 at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, Iraq. Martine says he helped hide the death from other prisoners at Abu Ghraib. AP
Martine, who was asleep in Baghdad's secure Green Zone when Jamadi was captured, says he got a call from Abu Ghraib telling him of the prisoner's death around 4:30 a.m. He says he rushed out to confer with CIA colleagues and U.S. military personnel guarding the facility. The former CIA man concedes that the agency and the Navy SEALs who captured Jamadi bear some responsibility for his death because of the basic fact that he died in their custody. "When you ask that simple question, Did we cause this man's death? That's a simple answer—yes," Martine tells Newsweek. "But were we negligent in causing his death? I don't think that we were."
Martine also concedes that the CIA inspector general held him partly responsible for the decision to ice Jamadi's body, preventing its deterioration until CIA and military personnel hatched a scheme to hide the death: They taped an IV to the frozen corpse, which made it look like the prisoner was still living as they smuggled the body out of Abu Ghraib, steps that led many to suspect a cover-up. Martine acknowledges that, in fit of wartime dark humor, he dubbed Jamadi's corpse "Bernie," a reference to the comedy Weekend at Bernie's, in which the body of a man is marched around by his friends as if he were still alive. "I suppose a lot of people would think that was callous and disrespectful," he says.
Another major issue was the nylon bag used to cover Jamadi's head. Once he died, the hood was removed and blood came gushing out of his mouth "as if a faucet had been turned on," according to the testimony of a guard. Then it disappeared. Martine says a CIA security officer gave him the hood days later, when it was found in the van used to transport the body. Martine says he placed it in a plastic bag and "threw it" on a shelf in his Green Zone office. Months later, in a rush before he returned to the U.S., he says he tossed away the reeking bag. With that, the case may have dissolved into a footnote. But then the notorious Abu Ghraib prison scandal erupted with its gruesome photos of American soldiers humiliating and abusing Iraqi prisoners. Several showed soldiers grinning with a thumbs-up sign over the Iceman's battered corpse as if it were a hunting trophy.
The hood would later emerge as a centerpiece for allegations that Martine destroyed evidence. It was a big, stinking clue for Durham. During Martine's six-hour grand jury appearance in 2011, he says, the prosecutor asked him, "If the hood wasn't important, why did you keep it on your office shelf? And if it was important, why did you throw it out?"
Martine admits it was "a good question." But Durham's questioning became even more contentious, he says. "He just kept pushing and pushing.… 'Why are you hiding things, and what else should you be telling us?' I mean, I didn't know what to say." His answer then and now: There was no formal investigation that he knew of at the time, and he was never asked about the missing blood-stained shroud until much later. Another CIA officer who was also repeatedly questioned about the Iceman incident snapped, Martine says."At one point, he said—and they used this against him—'I wish we had just killed him, because then I could just say he deserved to die.'"
Despite Durham's aggressive questioning, Martine says there was no conspiracy to cover up Jamadi's death. He admits he helped plan the smuggling of the body out of Abu Ghraib. It made "perfect sense," he says, to conceal his death from other captives, who might have erupted into "an immediate riot" had they known of the prisoner's demise at the hands of the Americans. But he says he never concealed the events from the CIA or from the U.S. military. "We were never hiding this from our chain of command, either military or agency," he says. "It was not a covert op."
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Perhaps, but Martine also edited and filed a report to CIA headquarters that omitted classified details of the Iceman's death that some thought he should have included. To Durham and others, it appeared he might have been involved in a crime, suspicions that follow Martine to this day.
Martine was suspected of covering up the grisly death of an Iraqi prisoner. Like so many others in the war on terror, he was never charged with a crime but never cleared of one either, something that still haunts him...and America Andy Colwell for Newsweek
'You Could Twist This'
A handsome man wearing a Rolex and sport shirt, Martine, 59, appears tanned and relaxed as he drives his black Mercedes SUV to the lakeside Erie Yacht Club in Pennsylvania. Erie is the town where he grew up, where his father was a school principal and his mother a school counselor. In the dining room, friends and fellow club members greet him warmly. He seems eager to show that the controversies surrounding his role in the war on terror did not follow him here.
Yet as the former chief of overseas polygraphs, interviews and interrogations labors through the details of his story, it's clear he remains troubled. The multiple investigations, he says, have wrecked long friendships among the interrogators, because they were forbidden to talk to one another, lest they be accused of coordinating their testimony—"the conspiracy thing," as he calls it.
The Sati family follows President Bush's interview broadcast on Arab television station Al Arabiya at their home in Baghdad, Iraq, May 5, 2004. Bush said in the interview that the treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison was "abhorrent" and does not represent "the America that I know." For many Iraqis, the photos that emerged from the Abu Ghraib scandal tainted the American occupation. Muhammed Muheisen/AP
Sitting at a table in the crowded dining room, Martine explains why he is talking with Newsweek. "I want this to go public," he says. "I never employed hard physicality as a method of interrogation."
"You know, this story could go either way," he adds, ignoring the menu placed before him. "You guys could leave here saying, 'That guy is hiding information. They did cover this up. There was a murder.'" Opening up to a reporter risks his "wonderful life here, with a great family and great friends and a great career," he says. "You could twist this in a way that there would be a dark cloud that would follow me forever."
Martine first invited attention in 2011, when he outed himself as a former interrogator in a little-noticed article in his local newspaper in which he volunteered he had been subpoenaed to appear before Durham's grand jury. "If we crossed a line, I am part of that," he was quoted as saying, "but I think I am asking the same question everyone else is: Why are they doing this again?"
Durham's probe of the CIA ended not with a triumphant press conference but in a puzzling silence. Once described by a friend as seeing the world as "good vs. evil," the resolute prosecutor of Mafia thugs, politicians and corrupt FBI officials had waded into the CIA's many shades of gray and emerged empty-handed. Whether he asked jurors to indict Martine or any of the other CIA targets remains unclear. Only years later did he issue a little-read statement, in response to a Freedom of Information lawsuit, detailing, without further explanation, the procedural steps underpinning his decision not to file charges. Contacted by Newsweek, Durham declined to comment.
Martine says the outcome was disappointing. "It's certainly not been a good moment for me," he says. "Not that you expect to come back a hero, but you expect to come back with a semblance of respect and a, 'Hey, job well done.'"
That's not going to happen. And so now, years later, Martine seems to be seeking a kind of public exoneration. "I feel I can stand up and tell of every procedure I have employed," he says, "and I think America would stand behind me."
'Torture Works'
A large red, white, green and yellow Kurdish flag hangs on the wall behind Martine's desk at Gannon University, a small private Catholic college in Erie where he teaches courses on criminal justice and terrorism. "The princes gave it to me," he says proudly, referring to the sons of Jalal Talibani, the legendary Kurdish independence leader and politician. "They wouldn't be too pleased to learn we did interrogations in their parents' basement," he adds, chuckling. "The younger one wasn't supposed to be involved."
Years earlier, Martine's unlikely path to becoming a senior CIA interrogator began with an arrest—his own—as a 13-year-old, when he took a ride in a "borrowed" car with some teenage buddies. A probation officer "set me straight," he says, launching his fascination with police work. At the University of Dayton in the late 1970s, he got a job as a campus cop to help defray college expenses, eventually snagging an internship as a juvenile probation officer. Then, equipped with a degree in criminal justice, he applied to the FBI. Within a few years, he was an evidence technician scouring for clues at the site of John Hinckley's assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan. Along the way, he earned a master's degree in forensic science from George Washington University, took graduate courses in psychology at the University of Virginia and had thoughts of going on to law school to qualify as a full-fledged FBI agent.
But when his wife's pregnancy forced him to abandon the idea, he followed a tip from a friend about a job at the CIA. Soon he was headed up the Potomac to Langley, Virginia, and a dramatic new turn in his career, as an undercover agent in the spy agency's office of security. The job involved the sometimes harrowing work of moving defectors from place to place, but it also took him to Latin America, Africa and the Far East on a range of security assignments. Eventually, he became a senior CIA training officer in polygraphs and interrogation, "and most of that work was done in South America."
Naked detainees with bags placed over their heads are placed into a human pyramid as Spc. Sabrina Harman, middle and Cpl. Charles Graner Jr., above, pose behind them in late 2003 at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, Iraq. Many of the Abu Ghraib photos showed Americans humiliating and abusing Iraqis. Some even showed soldiers grinning over the Iceman's battered corpse. AP
The region was plagued by war. Military regimes, most backed by Washington, ruled most of the continent. The secret police of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil were conspiring in assassinations of local leftists and dissident exiles. The CIA was helping prop up the brutal dictatorships of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador while fielding a guerrilla army to bring down the Marxist regime next door in Nicaragua. The casualties in El Salvador's civil war were catastrophic, with 70,000 to 80,000 dead, 8,000 disappeared, about 550,000 internally displaced and another half-million in exile. "It was an exciting time in Central America," Martine says, at least for his career.
Latin America also was where he began to conclude—his assessment reinforced by assignments to U.S.-client regimes in the Middle East and Asia—that "torture works." "No one wants to be honest about it!" he volunteers in an email. "Torture has always worked."
Not that it's right, he quickly adds. But it's wrong to say it's inefficient (as FBI interrogators have argued). The false confessions and phony leads prisoners give up under excruciating physical and psychological abuse are not a big problem, he insists: You just check them out. "If we are talking torture, and I mean real torture, where we are going to start taking off fingers or you're going to saw off his foot...they will tell you anything you want to hear," he says. "You tell them that if they give [you] false information, you'll be back the next day sawing off their other foot."
"They are not going anywhere," he says. "So you have tremendous control over this person's tolerance for pain—they are going to give you everything they know…. It's just a matter of when. If you're willing to burn out an eye and then say, 'We're going to check all this, and tomorrow we'll burn out your other eye,' people are going to tell you everything that they know."
This and similar leaked photos of prisoners at Abu Ghraib sparked a global backlash at the U.S. and its treatment of Prisoners of War from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. AP
So where did he learn firsthand about the efficacy of torture?
The question seems to take him aback. "The only experience that I would have from that is from some of the things that we had come in later," he says vaguely, declining to discuss classified specific cases. "Now, obviously, if it's torture with any country, we backed out," he adds. "But when you see how some people are treated in other dungeons and other controlled areas..." He shakes his head.
And he personally had seen that?
"I have, of course, of course."
Where? In the prisons of U.S. allies known for their brutality, like, say, Egypt?
"Sure," he says. "And in Central America. And in South America." Prisoners told him about it afterward, he says.
Given his job, such conversations probably didn't take place too far from the torture chambers. But it's a distinction without a difference, according to Michael Scheuer, who headed the CIA's Osama bin Laden tracking unit from 1996 through 1999. "There were no qualms at all about sending people to Cairo" and other brutal places to be interrogated, Scheuer told a congressional panel in 2007. There was a "kind of joking up our sleeves about what would happen to those people in Cairo, in Egyptian prisons." The CIA merely picked up the fruit the Egyptians had shaken from detainees, he said.
Such practices, of course, allow CIA people like Martine to distance themselves from torture and profit from its supposed benefits. Torture is unworthy of America, he says. And he insists it was rarely employed by the U.S., even in the years immediately following the 9/11 attacks, when "the interrogations of CIA detainees were brutal and far worse than the CIA represented to policymakers and others," according to last year's Senate Intelligence Committee report. "I don't think we get the credit deserved," he says, "for standing on the right side of humanity in our treatment of all those in our custody."
Sgt. Michael Smith, left, with his black dog Marco, and guard detainee Mohammed Bollendia with Pvt. Ivan L. Frederick II, right, at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, Iraq on Dec. 12, 2003. AP
This sunny statement contrasts violently with the brutal death of the Iceman. It also provokes derision among those who know what went on in CIA black sites or military-run jails. One of the most prominent is former FBI senior counterterrorism supervisory agent Ali Soufan, who famously denounced the CIA's repeated waterboarding over a period of months of low-level Al-Qaeda functionary Abu Zubaydah, until he "confessed"—falsely—that he was a top operative in the militant group, Soufan has testified to Congress. "I cannot believe that in the United States of America, we are still debating if torture is a good idea or not, or if it is effective or not," Soufan says. "Really—in America!"
Martine disagrees—to a point. It's "wrong," he says. But despite the damage the exposure of torture inflicted, and continues to inflict, on the United States, he says the CIA should never take the threat of it off the table when it rounds up a terrorist suspect. "If they're thinking, They got me in the middle of the night, and they are taking me to a small dark room, and they are going to blow my brains out—I think that that may save lives. In reality, we're not gonna. [But] we're going to put on a little scary reality show for them."
Soufan dismisses such talk. He points out that the Senate Intelligence Committee's 6,300-page investigative report on the CIA interrogation program, "not to mention all other reviews, such as the CIA's own inspector general report, all came up with the same conclusion: Torture does not work and is harmful to our national security."
Even former CIA acting General Counsel John Rizzo, who argues that the multiple investigations into agency interrogators should have been dropped long ago, says the CIA's interrogation mess in Iraq could have been avoided had agency personnel followed these instructions: "Don't hold prisoners yourself," he said in a 2012 interview with the Constitution Project, a bipartisan watchdog group based in Washington, D.C. "Defer to the military on questioning. Only participate when invited to do so. Don't try to force yourself into these interrogations."
Yet the CIA constantly thrust itself into the interrogation front lines, such as when Martine followed U.S. invaders into Iraq in 2003 in search of Saddam Hussein's much-advertised (but nonexistent) weapons of mass destruction. Soon he found himself face-to-face with the notorious "Dr. Germ," Rihab Taha, the woman who headed Iraq's biological warfare program. "I cracked her deputy," Martine says. "In fact, we went under a sink in his home and found a biological pathogen."
But the boss lady was different. "She was mean, and she was uncooperative," he says. To survive under Hussein, she had to be tough—and smart. "And she knew, as a female, she could win this," Martine says. "And she did." By "as a female," he implies that women captives escaped the rough stuff meted out to men. And he didn't lay a hand on her, he says. The result: Taha virtually talked him to death. "She was very measured, and she had her lines, and she never moved from those lines." He seems to regret that he couldn't have been more forceful. "With her, I still feel to this day, 100 percent, that there was much, much more information that she could have offered to us, and she chose not to." Instead, "she was released," he says with some disdain. And where is she now? "Living in Iraq somewhere, probably."
'Forced' to Do Ugly Things
And the Iceman—what happened to his body? Martine doesn't seem to know or care. "Got me," he says.
Just another unresolved case, in his mind. And, ironically, very much like his own—although he has the benefit of being alive and free. The same cannot be said for the 114 prisoners languishing in Guantánamo, the first of whom arrived more than 13 years ago. More than 50 of the inmates have long been cleared for release. Roughly 50 more will apparently not be tried but are considered too dangerous to be set free and could be detained indefinitely. Finally, there is an alleged core of Al-Qaeda operatives facing military trials that, after many years, still show few signs of getting off the ground.
Indeed, the legacy of the torture years remains mired in ambiguity. While John Helgerson, the CIA's inspector general from 2002 to 2009, reportedly made eight criminal referrals to the Justice Department for homicides and other misconduct carried out by CIA interrogators, none resulted in indictments or statements that the accused had been cleared of wrongdoing.
The bodies of three Iraqi detainees in the bed of a truck in Baghdad. Critics say few Americans have been held accountable for the crimes they committed in the war on terror. Reuters
All of which is manifestly unfair, says Martine, even though prosecutors have no obligation to "clear" anyone they investigate. After Durham went home, the Justice Department said only that "the admissible evidence would not be sufficient to obtain and sustain a conviction beyond a reasonable doubt"—hardly a benediction. And although Martine and others have never come close to being publicly exonerated, he and his colleagues need not worry about being summoned back to the redbrick courthouse in Alexandria. They may even have gotten off easy—especially since the published photos of the Iceman's battered corpse produced months of horrible worldwide publicity for the CIA and the United States.
Yet Martine insists the case against him and the others was "political." "Certainly," he says, Obama and Holder "wanted to deflect and put this back on [President George W.] Bush." He compares himself and those who were ordered into the murky war on terror to veterans of Vietnam, upon whom history's kindest judgment seems to be that they were forced to do ugly things. "And we come home, and they can sort of pursue something like this, over and over again over the years," Martine says.
In the warm fellowship of the Erie Yacht Club, Martine may remain a hero to many, even as a large body of critics continue to view anyone associated with the CIA's "enhanced interrogations" as monsters. Other Americans have simply moved on, leaving Martine and those like him hostage to their consciences and the judgment of future generations.
Case closed: unresolved.
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Emad Jaber
Founder, La Casa
Founder of La Casa, Palestinian architect and engineer Emad Jaber has built a reputation for himself within the region's industry. With work across the Middle East and Africa baring his company's name, Jaber has maintained operations from Palestine to Saudi Arabia, Libya to Sudan.
Throughout his tenure, he has been involved in masterplan developments across the UAE including Dubai Internet City, Jumeirah Beach Residence, the Executive Towers and the Skycourt Towers. This past year saw the company's efforts in Palestine grow as well, with upcoming education and retail projects contributing to Ramallah's built environment.
Shortlisted for this year's Principal of the Year at the MEA Awards, Jaber has seen his company swell to more than 300 people over the years. By continuously adding to its service offerings in response to market demands, La Casa has been able to deliver complete solutions to its clients. And by doing so, the firm maintains the same standard of quality across all disciplines.
"I'm always saying, 'We need to prove ourselves!' And a lot of people ask, 'Don't you think we've proven ourselves already?' And the answer is always no," Jaber told MEA in a 2017 interview.
Since 2012, La Casa has been riding a wave of success, with developers coming back to the company and green lighting projects that were paused in 2008. And though industry dynamics have changed a little, with design competitions a thing of the now, La Casa remains as steadfast as ever, taking home seven out of every 10 design bids, said Jaber.
"I wouldn't change anything," he said. "I'm living my life as though it's a dream that I really like. When I was in high school thinking of becoming an engineer, I couldn't have imagined this. My reality is so much bigger than I planned for myself."
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You are here: Home › Facility Rental
The Thurgood Marshall Center for Service and Heritage is located in the building that was the first YMCA built for African Americans. It was designed by Booker T. Washington's son-in-law, W. Sidney Pittman who was one of America's first African American Architect's. President Theodore Roosevelt laid the cornerstone in 1908. It was named the Twelfth Street YMCA and became a dynamic community center where youth were challenged by wholesome activities, positive values, and inspiring role models. The many notable Americans with beginnings and involvement in this Y included Coach John Thompson, Justice Thurgood Marshall, the poet Langston Hughes, and Dr. Charles Drew. After many illustrious decades of service, this five-story brick building was closed in 1982. The building became designated as a National Historic Landmark and reopened as a restored and remodeled community service center for nonprofit community and heritage programs and offices serving children, youth, and families. – the Thurgood Marshall Center for Service and Heritage.
The Thurgood Marshall Center for Service & Heritage is located 1816 12th Street between "S" and "T" Streets in Northwest Washington, D.C., just a few blocks from the U Street – Cardozo Metro Station.
Most of the building is used by nonprofit tenants for program and office space but the historic first floor has spaces available for meetings, receptions, and small events for up to 200 to 300 persons. Specifically, there is:
A small historic gymnasium for gatherings of up to 250 persons
Conference space that seats up to 60 persons
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Thomasina W. Yearwood, President & CEO of The Thurgood Marshall Center Trust Pays Tribute To The Late Civil Rights Icon, Congressman John Lewis
Thomasina W. Yearwood, President & CEO of The Thurgood Marshall Center Trust Pays Tribute To The Late Civil Rights Warrior, The Rev. C.t. Vivian
Film Screening, Panel Focus on Music and Activism of Mavis Staples
Community Members Celebrate Kwame Ture's 75th Birthday
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Q: Fixed points and infinite series Consider the formula $1 + \frac{y}2$. This has a fixed point at $y = 2$. And if we use the equation $y = 1 + \frac{y}2$ to substitute for $y$ in our formula, we get $1 + \frac{1 + \frac{y}2}2$, or $1 + \frac12 + \frac{y}4$. If we keep repeating we get $1+\frac12 + \frac14 + \dots$, which does indeed equal our fixed point $2$.
But now consider the formula $1+2y$. This has a fixed point at $y=-1$. Here if we use the equation $y = 1+2y$ to substitute for $y$ in our formula, we get $1+2(1+2y)$, or $1+2+4y$. If we keep repeating we get $1+2+4+\dots$, which does not equal our fixed point $-1$.
Can someone explain in simple terms why this procedure works in the first case but not the second? Would the procedure work in every case where the generated series converged?

A: Aside from the argument that $1+2+4+\cdots$ could equal $-1$, to answer your question, there are two classes of fixed points.
An attractive fixed point is a fixed point where within a certain range, a point fed into the formula recursively will eventually converge to the fixed point. Your first example is an attractive fixed point.
A fixed point that is not attractive has no points converging to the fixed point when fed into the formula recursively. Your second example is a non-attractive fixed point.
The property of attractive fixed points is that the derivative (i.e., slope) of the function in the formula has magnitude less than $1$ on the range of points that converges to the fixed point:
$$|f'(x)|<1$$
where $x_{n+1}=f(x_n)$ is the recursive formula.
See this (fixed point) and this (fixed-point iteration) for more information and a clearer explanation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Amazon's Crimes Day
Nicole Karlis
The real horror of the "Midsommar" end
McCain on Graham: Not the person I knew
The US Department of Agriculture building (Getty/Saul Loeb)
Freedom of information in peril: What transparency looks like in Trump's government
After the USDA pulled animal welfare records, I filed a FOIA request about the decision. This is what came back
Check out this article! https://www.salon.com/2017/05/14/freedom-of-information-in-peril-what-transparency-looks-like-in-trumps-government/
Delcianna J. Winders
May 14, 2017 5:30PM (UTC)
More than two decades ago, with the aim of "foster[ing] democracy by ensuring public access to agency records and information," Congress amended the Freedom of Information Act to require agencies to proactively post frequently requested records online. As the legislative history makes clear, the purpose of this mandate was to "prompt agencies to make information available affirmatively on their own initiative in order to meet anticipated public demand for it."
Pursuant to this amendment, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service began posting records online related to its enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) — our nation's most significant animal protection law. In doing so, the agency noted that it received more requests for these documents than for any other category of records and acknowledged that, given this frequency and "the continuing high interest from animal interest groups as well as the general public," the law required such posting.
Despite this clear recognition of its legal duties, in a much-publicized move earlier this year, the agency abruptly took all of these records down from its website. Dubbed the #USDAblackout, the action was almost universally condemned, not just by animal advocates but also by more than 100 members of Congress and even those in the very industries regulated by the AWA and subject to the disclosures, including zoos, research institutions and the pet trade. The takedown of the website was Orwellian — the agency claimed it was done "[b]ased on [its] commitment to being transparent [and] remaining responsive to [its] stakeholders' informational needs." But what has ensued since is perhaps even more surreal.
Now, in an attempt to persuade a court to dismiss a lawsuit filed by myself and others challenging the blackout, the USDA has asserted that it was never under any legal duty to post the records — this despite the clear statutory mandate that agencies proactively post frequently requested records, the agency's acknowledgement that the records at issue were the single most frequently requested, and even its prior recognition that it was legally required to post the records. It seems, to crib from Lewis Carroll, that the law "means just what [the USDA] chooses it to mean — neither more nor less." And apparently that meaning can shift at whim.
On the heels of this move, the USDA demonstrated total contempt for yet another mandate of the Freedom of Information Act — the requirement that, even if parts of records are exempt from disclosure, "[a]ny reasonably segregable portion of a record shall be provided to any person requesting such record after deletion of the portions which are exempt under this subsection." As the government has long recognized, the clear purpose of this requirement is to "prevent the withholding of entire records or files merely because portions of them are exempt, and to require the release of nonexempt portions." Yet withhold entire documents is precisely what the USDA did: In response to a Freedom of Information Act request for records about the decision to take down the website, the USDA sent me 1,771 pages, every one of them completely blacked out. It blacked out the records about the blackout.
Is this the new normal? Total disregard of longstanding duties under the Freedom of Information Act? Government agencies thumbing their noses at the intense public interest in what they're up to? It's bad enough that the AWA has never been properly enforced despite keen and abiding public interest in animal welfare — when the AWA was initially passed in the 1960s, Congress received more public communications related to concerns about animal welfare than about civil rights and the Vietnam War combined. Eviscerating transparency — making government operations into a black hole — will not be tolerated. It's a shame that in this new era advocates are having to redirect their time and resources to getting basic information that they are clearly entitled to under the law. But make no mistake about it — we will fight for what is rightfully ours. I've filed an appeal challenging the USDA's wholesale redactions. The agency has until May 30 to respond.
The opening words of Harold L. Cross's 1953 text "The People's Right to Know," which became the foundation of the Freedom of Information Act, ring truer today than ever before: "Public business is the public's business. The people have the right to know. Freedom of information is their just heritage. Without that the citizens of a democracy have but changed their kings."
Delcianna Winders is a Harvard Animal Law & Policy Fellow and has worked on legal issues pertaining to captive wildlife for more than a decade. Follow her on Twitter at @DelciannaW
MORE FROM Delcianna J. Winders
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Antibiotics and factory farms
Paul McCartney, master of the live show


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If High School Kids Can Do It, So Can You… The Apple Short Film Project Workflow Pt. 1
Written by Sam Mestman
Do you remember Apple's 10.4 presentation from the LACPUG? Afterwards three of the filmmakers from the Apple Short Film Project got to present and talk about their entry. Sam Mestman takes a look behind the scenes of the productions with the finished films and recorded presentations from that night.
Sam here. I've been waiting to write this article for a very long time, and it signals the beginning of something… and that is the beginning of complexity finally getting out of the way of high end filmmaking and truly making it accessible to everyone. We're talking turning high end filmmaking into a teachable, repeatable process.
At LACPUG in January, there were two presentations. In the first, Apple gave their update to 10.4 that you've all seen by now. In the second, the filmmakers from the Apple Short Film Project showed off the work they did with FCPX 10.4. I've never been prouder of anything I've done in my career.
The bottom line is that excuses have now been removed from making whatever it is you're passionate about. A group of high school kids, teachers, and a mom who has never edited anything before got together and made movies with FCPX, Motion, Compressor, and Logic Pro X that look as good as any independent movie you're going to see, and they did it in less time and for WAY less money. Video is now officially democratized, and the real question is whether you're ready to make the most of it?
There is a new world of content that is emerging and the paradigm shift from an ivory tower post production mentality where everything is complicated and no one knows how to communicate with each other is shifting to a model where anyone can make something that looks amazing if they take the time to become good at their craft. All you need is the right workflow, some affordable tools, a basic understand of storytelling and filmmaking fundamentals, and a willingness to learn.
There are no more gatekeepers, and the implications of this will be staggering in the years to come as everyone will gradually become video literate, and Hollywood style video editing will become an increasingly smaller (but still growing) subsection of the larger content creation market as video continues to replace the written word as the preferred form of communication.
What was done on the recent Apple Short Film Project can only be described as "high end postproduction that anyone can have access to". It delivered on the promise of a simple, teachable, repeatable process for connecting preproduction to production to post in a streamlined, simple, affordable process that emphasizes creativity and storytelling over technical functions. The basics were profiled in this Apple Newsroom article, and what we're going to be covering in this series are the workflow specifics of what was done and why.
Apple collaborated with my company LumaForge as well as RED Digital Cinema, and filmmaking teams from We Make Movies, Hollywood High School, and the Mobile Film Classroom. The three teams were given tiny budgets, the RED Raven package on the Apple Store, the new version of FCPX 10.4, Motion, Compressor, Logic Pro X, Izotope RX 6, some iMacs, and a Jellyfish Tower, and told to go make their movies.
They had 3 weeks for all of their post production, finished in 4k, and then screened their movies at LACPUG in January following the Apple Presentation, and their introductions and the movies themselves are all embedded below.
Whether you're a student, a documentary filmmaker, an independent filmmaker, or even a corporate video department, you now have everything you need to take the stories of your dreams and have it look as good as something Hollywood might do.
If you take one thing away from this article, it should be this; If High School kids can do this workflow, so can you and there is no longer any excuse for you to not make your movie anymore.
This is going to be a 4 part series. In coming articles, you can expect a basic approach to the FCPX color tools from me, a comprehensive HDR workflow guide from Patrick Southern, and how to take your sound design to another level with a FCPX-Logic-Izotope workflow from Raibar Chener. BTW, if you want to play with any of these projects in the real world, and you're going to be at NAB, you can come see them all in the LumaForge Workflow Suite in the South Hall. Sign up for an appointment here.
And now… here's what's cool about the workflow for all three of these movies:
The Dancer - A Studio Workflow for Indie Filmmakers
This one is pretty close to my heart, as the entire movie was created by my community, We Make Movies. They implemented a fully functioning, modern, high end narrative workflow that gives filmmakers a chance to create a compromise free movie at a fraction of the traditional cost by embracing the power of metadata and a few key concepts.
The workflow defined a new blueprint for production and post should work together to deliver an end to end experience that can set up any post production team using Final Cut Pro X for a smooth ride to the finish line working with high end 4k material.
For under $7,000, they shot over two days, everyone got paid, and they delivered a powerful short film without compromises that would stack up against anything you would see in a theater with a fraction of the resources and crew you might see with a studio movie.
Krista Amigone, a mom who has never edited anything before, wrote, directed, starred, and edited this movie, and the results are powerful. What was special about The Dancer that you wouldn't see other places? Well, here's just a few of the things this team accomplished that are pretty cool:
Shot over two days with the Apple Store RED Raven kit for less than $7000. All Cast and Crew were paid.
Script Supervisor used Shot Notes X, google sheets, and XML to allow all metadata to be instantly searchable in FCPX. No Scripty binders, camera or sound reports were needed on this shoot. Everything that happened on this shoot was searchable by the editor including scene, take, characters, shot types, locations, and more.
Jellyfish Mobile was used on set allowing the FCPX library to be built on one laptop while footage was ingesting on a second laptop.
Timecode was jam synced to the Raven using the Zoom F8.
Sound Recordist labeled mics using the Zoom F8 and iXML that allowed editors to work with correctly labeled audio components throughout the edit and then transferred directly into Logic via XML.
Sync N Link X was used to automatically sync dialogue in FCPX via timecode.
iPad with Movie Slate was used instead of a smart slate.
A fully synced, organized, properly named, searchable FCPX library (with keywords according to shot, scene, characters, and more) was created before production wrapped that allowed post to start without any organization, transcoding, or prep required.
Finished in 4k while working from their native RED Raw media the entire way through eliminating the need for any conforms.
Color corrected entirely within Final Cut Pro X.
Sound design done in one night with a Logic-Izotope workflow delivered via XML.
Titles and intro done with FCPX-Motion.
Edited in a collaborative FCPX environment off a LumaForge Jellyfish Tower where picture was edited in one room, while sound design in Logic Pro X happened in another.
Post Production from edit, sound design.
HDR master created directly with FCPX's HDR Tools
A stay at home mom edited this movie
La Buena Muerte - A modern day, efficient workflow for Documentary filmmakers
La Buena Muerte is a pretty amazing accomplishment. This short documentary, shot over the course of 4 days by the Mobile Film Classroom in Los Angeles over 4 days for under $3000 (everyone was paid), probably could not have been done in 3 weeks had it not been for the organizational and finishing tools in Final Cut Pro X.
This team went into the documentary planning to profile Los Angeles' Day of The Dead festival in Los Angeles, and they shot loads of material associated with everything that was happening at the festival. Like many unscripted projects, where they started is not where they ended, and they finally settled on a touching story of a mother with cancer who has found a way to reconnect with her daughter and the concept of death through the Day of The Dead Festival.
Putting an edit together like that requires a lot of revision and being able to sort through your clips in a fast and efficient way. By leveraging the power of metadata through tools like Lumberjack and Final Cut Pro's keywords and thumbnail view, the team was able to sort through all their footage far faster than it could have been done in any other NLE.
Also, because of the new color tools in FCPX, they saved countless amounts of time coloring in the app as opposed to having to go through a traditional conform round trip process. The truth is that there would literally have been no way they could have ever turned around a project of this high quality with another workflow or NLE. Here are some of the unique aspects to the La Buena Muerte Workflow:
Shot and finished with the standard RED Raven Kit from the Apple Store. The sensor on the Raven combined with RED's new IPP2 workflow created stunning footage from the always colorful DOTD festival, and made the piece look far more professional than a documentary of that budget would typically look.
Lumberjack was used to track metadata on set and apply it to their unscripted footage in post.
FCPX Keywords and favorites were used to isolate people, places, locations, and sections of interviews.
Rejections were used to non-destructively filter out footage that did not serve the narrative
Using keywords and favorites combined with FCPX's Thumbnail view made finding the right shot visually a seamless process.
FCPX's color tools allowed the filmmakers to finish inside their NLE without compromises and not need to go through a complicated conform process.
Noise reduction for low light shots was handled through Neat Video Plugins for FCPX.
Seamless sound delivery to Logic Pro X via FCPX XML for Sound Design. Noisy dialogue/interviews were cleaned up expertly with efficient Logic-Izotope RX Advanced workflow.
HDR master created directly with FCPX's HDR Tools.
The Box - A better way for students to learn filmmaking
The biggest problem when it comes to teaching filmmaking, in my opinion, is complexity. Honestly, there is no simpler way to teach editing for students than to start them on iMovie (that most kids have played with and is incredibly easy to learn) and then graduate them to Final Cut Pro X.
When it comes to being able to import your footage and get going quickly moving around pieces of footage to assemble an edit, there is no better way to learn the core concepts of that than with FCPX and the Magnetic Timeline. While I started on Avid and Final Cut 7 and have taught those to people, I have never seen people pick up editing so quickly as they do with Final Cut Pro X. When you're dealing with students and trying to teach video literacy, having something that kids pick up quick is the number one priority.
Many Teachers think they have to prepare their students to get a job, as if whatever kids are currently editing with in their lab is going to be the way students will be editing when they hit the workforce. This is just simply not the case.
As far as we know, VR may be the standard in 5 years and editing may be a completely different experience. The reality is that the most important thing you can do to help teach students how to make movies is to focus on core concepts and effective storytelling techniques. If you can teach students how to block shots, light for camera, connect shots together intelligently, cut for performance, and generally engage audiences, you are preparing them to be content creators, and you are teaching them to be self sufficient.
On The Box, students worked more efficiently than most Hollywood productions. They edited in 4k, finished entirely in their NLE, made the most of their metadata with Shot Notes X and Sync N Link X, worked from their original media throughout the edit, and delivered a complete edit, sound design, and color corrected 4k master in under 3 weeks. They also didn't need camera/sound reports, scripty binders, dailies, a complicated conform, or really any of the other things that tend to stand in the way of most students finishing their projects at a high level.
More specifically, here's what they did on the Box that you would be hard pressed to see on another student production:
Shot in RED Raw, worked with it natively in the timeline, and then finished in 4k.
Script Supervisor used Shot Notes X and Google Sheets to get metadata into FCPX.
Sound Recordist labeled mics using the Zoom F8 and iXML that allowed editors to work with correctly labeled audio components throughout the edit.
Sound design done entirely in FCPX using FCPX Audio Roles and Logic's built in Audio filters.
Color Correction done entirely in FCPX.
Edit, color, and sound design done in less than 3 weeks.
This was done by High School Kids.
We'll be back with 3 more parts to this series after NAB, but If you need to take a deeper dive on the the methodology behind everything you read above, check out this 5 part series we did last year for FCP.co last year with We Make Movies' Off The Grid Pilot here.
Sam Mestman is the President and Founder of LumaForge, maker of the Jellyfish and the ShareStation, the world's most advance shared storage for media and entertainment. He is also the CEO and Founder of We Make Movies, the world's first community funded production company. As a professional editor and colorist, he has worked for Apple, ESPN, Glee, and Break Media (to name a few), and has edited or colored hundreds of shorts, features, web series, and just about every other type of content you can think of. He is also one of the world's leading experts on Final Cut Pro X Workflow, and is responsible for some of the largest FCPX professional integrations in the world.
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Tim Dashwood Joins Apple - All of His Plugin Products Are Now Free
Beta 2 is Out - Build FxPlug Plugins for Final Cut Pro X with Vuo (2)
James Tonkin Tours with the Biggest Music Artists on the Planet, Creating Stunning Concert Videos from Tons of 4K and 8K Footage in Final Cut Pro X
Win a Free Pass to the 2017 FCPX Creative Summit in Cupertino


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Around the Grounds
Schedules/Statistics
Mike Bothwell
(Elena Davidson photo)
Jalen Slawson
Heat is on for Paladins at Chattanooga
Jan 16, 2023 Updated Jan 16, 2023
On Wednesday night, Furman, the preseason favorite to win the Southern Conference in men's basketball, visits Chattanooga, Tenn., to play the team that defeated it – in overtime on a long buzzer beater in overtime – in the finals of the SoCon tournament on March 7, 2022.
The stakes are as comparable as they can be at this point in the season.
The Paladins (13-6, 4-2 SoCon) and Mocs (11-8, 3-3 SoCon) both are coming off losses and looking to return to the win column to keep pace with Southern Conference leaders Samford (12-7, 6-0) and UNC Greensboro (11-8, 5-1). Furman dropped a heartbreaking 88-80 overtime decision at home versus the Spartans on Saturday, while Chattanooga fell 75-74 at Samford.
In the aftermath of the UNCG loss, Furman head coach Bob Richey said: "We've got to embrace the moment. We've got to know, in big games, you're playing a really good team, there are going to be runs, and we've got to do the things necessary to stop them.
"You can't give them the ball. You can't take bad shots, and you can't foul. You can't get beaten in transition. … You've got to play really good fundamental basketball. I thought we kind of lost sight of that, and I've got to make our guys better there."
Furman is in 3rd place. Chattanooga is tied for 4th. The game at McKenzie Arena is to begin at 7 p.m.
Mike Bothwell and Jalen Slawson scored 22 points apiece versus UNCG, but Furman saw the Spartans erase a 13-point deficit in the final eight minutes of regulation before outscoring the Paladins 11-3 in the extra period to escape with the win. Furman was whistled for a season-high 29 fouls in the loss and UNCG took advantage by converting on 33-of-41 trips to the foul line.
Wednesday's contest will be the 95th between Furman and Chattanooga in a series that dates back to the 1921-22 season. The Mocs hold a 57-37 lead in the series and swept three games from the Paladins a year ago, including the 64-63 overtime win on David Jean Baptiste's last-second 3-pointer. Prior to last season, Furman won eight straight encounters versus the Mocs and captured four consecutive victories at McKenzie Arena before suffering a 2-point defeat last season in Chattanooga.
Fans can listen to Wednesday's action on The Fan Upstate at 97.7 FM, 1330 AM, and through the Audacy app with Tom Van Hoy on the call. Following Wednesday's tilt, Furman travels to Spartanburg to renew its instate rivalry with Wofford on Sunday, Jan. 22, at 4 p.m. in a game that will air live on ESPNU.
Another win ties Paladins at the top
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Inside the Lines: All in for Wednesday night
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Furman women drop 4th straight at Mercer
Purple Points: Marvin, Smith excel at Clemson
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Sports schedule for Jan. 30-Feb. 5
Road to title gets no easier in Greensboro
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wiki:Chronicle/1982
Version 1 (modified by Lawrence Liang, 11 years ago) (diff)
'1982: Key Events
Continuing the Congress (I)'s liberalisation policies, Indian culture is marketed in a massive Festivals of India campaign starting in London, then in Paris and Moscow. India's finest traditional and contemporary artists are featured.
The Bombay Textile strike, lasting almost a year.
INSAT 1-A is launched from Cape Canaveral, inaugurating a national TV programme mobilising all prime time throughout the country for the New Delhi station.
Colour TV starts on 25 April with the telecast of Ray's Sadgati and Shatranj Ke Khiladi. Regular colour telecasts through INSAT begin on 15 August.
The Ninth Asian Games held in Delhi provide the first nationwide colour programmes, using the USSR's Stationary-5 satellite and 20 low-power transmitters.
N. T. Rama Rao starts the Telugu Desam Party.
The failure of Rawail's Deedar-e-Yaar is a major setback to the Hindi industry.
The Tamil film weekly Gemini Cinema starts. First films in Brijbhasha (Brij Bhoomi) and Malvi (Bhadwa Mata).


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October PARCR Meeting Presentation
11/16/2019 - PARCR Admin
At the October 2019 PARCR meeting, Dr. Kenneth Brubaker gave a presentation titled "Caring for Persons with Memory Loss". You can view the slides here.
Dr. Brubaker now serves as corporate medical director for Masonic Villages and a board member for the national AMDA Foundation for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. He also speaks regularly on geriatrics topics and leads a caregiver support group with his wife. He is the former Chief Medical Director for the PA Dept. of Aging and the office of Long Term Living.
Working long hours as a physician never fazed Ken Brubaker, M.D. He says "I grew up on a farm, I was used to getting up at 5 a.m. to milk the cows, going to school, then coming home and working till dark."
Dr. Brubaker, said medicine has changed a great deal in his 44-year career – mostly for the better. He will continue to work with older adults and educate those who care for them. He was in private practice for many years but found that he really enjoyed older patients' wealth of wisdom and desire to build a relationship with their doctor. After completing a fellowship in 1989, he practiced solely in geriatrics, seeing patients at Geriatrics since 1999 and at Masonic Villages since 1991. He also led the LGH Geriatrics Fellowship Program. During his long career, Dr. Brubaker also did mission work in Puerto Rico and saw patients in Lancaster County Prison. Teaching and learning have always been important parts of his life. In retirement, Dr. Brubaker, will continue to educate others in geriatrics; spend time with his wife, three children and 11 grandchildren; and tend to his large garden and fruit orchard. He also serves as president of Brubaker Families of America, which celebrated its 300th anniversary in Lancaster in August.
quarterly meeting presentation memory