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CHINA'S SPACE PROGRAMME Gp Capt Srikant Mishra "Our overall goal is that
June 18, 2019 January 17, 2019 / admin
CHINA'S SPACE PROGRAMME
Gp Capt Srikant Mishra
"Our overall goal is that, by around 2030, China will be among the major space powers of the world,"
Wu Yanhua, deputy chief of the National Space Administration, said in January 2017.
China was late to the space race. It didn't send its first satellite into space until 1970, just after the United States put the first man on the moon. But in the decades since, China has pumped billions of dollars and other resources into of the space segment of research and training. Since 2003, China has staged a spacewalk, landed a rover on the moon and launched a space lab that it hopes paves the way for a 20-ton space station. It has also sent crews into space in the same span of time, making it the third country in the world after Russia and the United States with such success. China is quickly becoming one of the most ambitious and pioneering nations in exploring space.
Obtaining information on China's space programme is difficult as the Chinese government is notoriously secretive about both its civil and military space activities. However, at times it provides small glimpses of its work. The Shenzhou 6 launch at the Jiuquan launch facility in 2005 was broadcast live. Foreign reporters were banned from attending the launch, and such access remains restricted. The same goes for private citizens, who are not likely to reach Jiuquan and other launch sites, which are located in remote areas.
China's space programme began in 1956 as an offshoot of its missile technology efforts along with the nuclear programme. The father of the space programme was Qian Xuesen who was based in the USA. he was a co-founder of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Qian returned to China sometime after the takeover and in 1956 and was appointed the first director of the Ministry of National Defense's Fifth Research Academy. The academy was tasked with overseeing ballistic missile development and beginning a space program,
The history of Chinese Space Programme can be divided into four stages. They are
(a)Stage 1 (1955 – 1966) This was the initial stage after Qian returned to China from USA.
(b)Stage 2 (1966 -1976) The goal to launch Chinas first satellite before 1970 was set during the stage.
(c)Stage 3 (1976 – 1986) An 8 year plan for space technology was set.
(d)Stage 4 (1986 till date) The 863 and 921 programs.
China's space program spans full range of capability from satellite design to launch services. china builds satellites and has a robust commercial satellite launch industry capable of launching payloads into low earth and geosynchronous orbits. Its space program is also notable for its overwhelming dual use character which allows easy transfer of personnel and technology between the civilian and military sectors.
Figure 1- Organinsation Chart
China National Space Administration (CNSA) CNSA is the national space agency of China. It is responsible for the national space program and for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Corporation (CASC) assumed the authority over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. It is a subordinate agency of the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence, which itself is a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). CNSA was created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the Eighth National Congress. The Ninth National Congress assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the responsibilities of signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges and also is responsible for enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.
Space Capabilities
China's space capability is dicussed under the following heads
(a)Launch Sites / Centres
(b)Launch Vehicles
(c)Satellites
(d)ASAT capability
(e)Space Laboratory Program
(f)Future Plans
Launch Sites / Centres
China operates 4 satellite launch centers namely, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC), Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC), Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC) and Wenchang Satellite Launch Center (WSLC). The Geographical Location of the launch centres are shown in Pic 1.
Figure 1 – Launch Sites Centers
Besides this, it has Monitoring and control centers at Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center (BACCC), Xian Satellite Monitor and Control Center (XSCC). There are numerous Domestic tracking stations and couple of overseas tracking stations including one at Karachi.
Space Launch Vehicles
The expendable rocket that China relies upon for its space program is the Long March (LM) / Chang Zheng (CZ) family. This rocket developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology launched its first satellite in 1970. In 1985, the Chinese government announced that the Long March launch vehicle family would offer commercial satellite launch services for users both at home and abroad. Principal responsibility for the design, development and production of Long March family launch vehicles falls under the auspices of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST), both of which belong to the China Aerospace Corporation. The Long March rockets are organized into several series. They are :-
(a)Long March / ChangZheng 2C This is a series of launch vehicles which had its First flight on 9 September 1982 and the latest flight on 25 January 2018. It has recorded a total 45 launches with 44 successful ones. The vehicle has the ability of carrying a payload of 3850 Kgs to a Low Earth Orbit, 1900 Kg to a Sun Synchronous Orbit and 1250 Kgs to a Geo Stationary Orbit.
Several variants of this launch vehicle have been built, all using an optional third solid motor stage.
(i)LM / CZ 2C/SD is a commercial satellite launcher with a multi-satellite smart dispenser allowing delivery of two satellites simultaneously.
(ii)LM / CZ 2C/SM is a version for delivery of small satellites to high orbits
(iii)LM / CZ 2C/SMA is an improved version of the 2C/SM.
(b)Long March / ChangZheng 2D The Long March 2D made its maiden flight on 9 August 1992 the latest flight on 02 February 2018. It is a 2-stage carrier rocket mainly used for launching Low Earth Orbit and Sun Synchronous Orbit satellites. It has recorded a total 38 launches with one failure. The vehicle has the ability of carrying a payload of 3,500 Kgs to a Low Earth Orbit and 1,300 Kg to a Sun Synchronous Orbit.
(c)Long March / Chang Zheng 3A Long March / Chang Zheng 3A is a 3-stage rocket, and is usually used to place communication satellites and Beidou navigation satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It made its maiden flight on 8 February 1994 and the latest flight was on 29 March 2016. It has recorded a total 25 successful launches. The vehicle has the ability of carrying a payload of 8,500 Kgs to a Low Earth Orbit and 2,600 Kg to a Geo Synchronous Transfer Orbit and 1600 Kgs to a Heliocentric Orbit.
(d)Long March / Chang Zheng 4B It is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. Launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, it is a 3-stage rocket, used mostly to place satellites into low Earth and sun synchronous orbits. It was first launched on 10 May 1999, with the FY-1C weather satellite, which was later used in the 2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test.The Chang Zheng 4B experienced its first launch failure on 9 December 2013, with the loss of the CBERS-3satellite. The vehicle has the ability of carrying a payload of 4,200 kilograms to Low Earth Orbit payload of 2,800 kilograms to Sun Synchronous Orbit and payload of1,500 kilograms to Geo Stationery Orbit.
(e)Long March / Chang Zheng 4C Long March 4C vehicles have been used to launch the Yaogan-1, Yaogan-3 SAR satellites and the Fengyun-3A polar orbiting meteorological satellite. On December 15, 2009 a Long March 4C was used to launch Yaogan 8. On September 1, 2016, the Long March-4C failed to insert its payload, the Gaofen-10 satellite, into its designated orbit. The vehicle has the ability of carrying a Payloads to the specified orbits same as LM / CZ 4B.
(f)Long March / Chang Zheng 5 Long March 5 launch vehicle uses of liquid hydrogen-oxygen engine. The rocket has a maximum carrying capacity of 25 tons of payload to Low Earth Orbit and 14 tons of payload to geosynchronous orbit. "Long March 5" (CZ-5) is a new generation of large launch vehicle mainly used for launch space station, lunar exploration three, the next generation of geostationary satellites and other tasks. On November 3, 2016, the Long March V rocket made its first successful flight from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center.
(g)Long March / Chang Zheng 6 The first Long March-6 (Chang Zheng-6) rocket was successfully launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on 19 Sep 2015 with a multi-payload cargo of 20 small satellites. It is a liquid-propellant, small-load space launch vehicle developed by Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). It is capable of placing at least 1,000 kilograms of payload into a sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates 1,340 kilo-newtons of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser.
(h)Long March / Chang Zheng 7 It made its inaugural flight on June 25, 2016. Designed as a replacement of the Long March 2F, Long March 7 and its variants are expected to be the workhorse of the fleet, eventually accounting for around 70% of all Chinese launches. The vehicle has a Capacity to launch a Payload of 13,500 kg to low Earth Orbit and 5,500 kg to Geo-stationary transfer Orbit. Long March 7 will also play a critical role in the Chinese Space Station. It was used to launch the Tianzhou robotic cargo spacecraft, and will eventually replace the Long March 2F as China's crew-rated launch vehicle.
(j)Long March / Chang Zheng 11 The "Long March Eleventh" (CZ-11) is a new generation of solid carrier rockets that are mainly used for fast maneuvering launch of emergency satellites. On September 25, 2015, the Long March 11 rocket successfully delivered four tiny satellites into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The launch of the Long March 11 launch vehicle is based on the breakthrough of the 120-ton thrust solid rocket engine technology. The 700-kilometer Sun-geostationary orbit carrying capacity of 350 kg of land-based mobile launch small solid propellant rocket can achieve the goal of 1 day launch.
China has around 282 satellites in space for various purposes like Communication, Remote Sensing, Meteorology, Navigation, Science, Technology, Education and Traffic Monitoring. In this study the focus is on Navigation and Remote sensing satellites
Navigation Satellites China is has developed its own navigation satellite constellation known as CNSS (Compass Navigation Satellite System), or BeiDou-2 in its Chinese name. Although the program was initiated by China's military forces, China established an agency, namely CSNPC (China Satellite Navigation Project Center) to take charge of the research, building, and management of CNSS. The system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites and 30 medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, that will offer complete coverage of the globe. Presently there are 30 BeiDou satellites orbiting in the space.
The three-step development strategy of the system is as follows
(a)By the end of 2000, the Beidou-1 system was completed and services were provided to China only.
(b)By the end of 2012, the Beidou-2 system was completed, services were provided to the Asia-Pacific region;
(c)China plans to build the global system of BeiDou around the year 2020 to provide services to the world.
Path ; Position of 18 BeiDou Navigation System satellites that are over 20° above the horizon of Indore at 1555h on 07 Feb 18 provides a glimpse of coverage in the
Indo – Pacific region
Remote sensing Satellites China has developed a large constellation of imaging and remote sensing satellites under a variety of mission families. These satellites can support military objectives by providing situational awareness of foreign military force deployments, critical infrastructure, and targets of political significance.
Gaojing-1 ( Superview-1) GaoJing-1, also known as SuperView-1 is a constellation of Chinese civilian remote sensing satellites operated by Beijing Space View Tech Co Ltd. The constellation initially consisted of two satellites. It operates at an altitude of 500 km and provides imagery with 0.5 m panchromatic resolution and 2 m multispectral resolution. The swath width is 12 km and the descending node time is 10:30 am. It possesses high agility and runs with multiple collection modes including long strip, multiple strips collect, multiple point targets collect and stereo imaging. The maximum single scene can be 60 km × 70 km. These satellites will be spaced by 180° on the same orbit.
(a)The first pair was launched on 28 December 2016 on a CZ-2D (2) rocket. A launch mishap left these satellites in a lower than planned orbit. The satellites used their own propulsion to raise their orbit to the planned height, although at the expense of lifetime.
(b)A second group of two satellite of this type was launched on 09 Jan 2018, bringing the constellation to four satellites phased 90° from each other on the same orbit. The SuperView constellation, called "16+4+4+X", is projected to comprise of 16 optical satellites with 0.5m resolution, four higher resolution satellites, four synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites and a fleet of satellites with video and hyper spectral cameras, "The entire constellation will be completed by the end of 2022.
Yaogan Series China has in place a constellation of dedicated Yaogan Satellites that performs the identification, location and tracking function for the ASBM mission. Together with the OTH radar they provide the vital C4ISR inputs necessary for a successful missile strike on a moving Aircraft Carrier Group.
(a)With the launch of the Yaogan 28, Yaogan 29 in November 2015 and Yaogan 30 satellite in May 2016, China has demonstrated its ability to routinely identify, locate and track an Aircraft Carrier Group (ACG) on the high seas. This space capability is an important component of an Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM) System that China has set up. The current operational satellite constellation consists of ELINT satellites, satellites carrying Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors as well as satellites carrying optical imaging sensors. Based on the orbit characteristics, their local time of equatorial crossing and other related parameters, these satellites can be grouped into different categories that perform the various functions for identifying, locating and tracking the ACG.
(b)Yaogan 9 (Yaogan 9A, 9B, 9C), Yaogan 16 (16A, 16B, 16C), Yaogan 17 (17A, 17B, 17C), Yaogan 20 (20A, 20B, 20C) and Yaogan25 (25A, 25B, 25C) are the five triplet cluster equipped with ELINT sensors that provide broad area surveillance over the Oceans. With a coverage radius of about 3500 Km, they provide the first coarse fix for identifying and locating an ACG in the Pacific Ocean. Yaogan 20 and Yaogan 25 may be replacements for the Yaogan 9 and the Yaogan 16 that may be nearing the end of their lives.
(c)Yaogan 23, Yaogan 29, Yaogan 10, and Yaogan 18 are the satellites carrying a SAR sensor. With Local times of crossing of 0200, 0430, 0600, and 1000 hours they provide all weather as well as day and night imaging capabilities over the regions of interest.
(d)Yaogan 30, Yaogan 26, Yaogan 4, Yaogan 24, Yaogan 28, Yaogan 7 and Yaogan 21 constitute the high resolution optical satellites in the current constellation. The sensors they carry may have resolutions of between 1 to 3 m. Their local times of crossing of 0900, 1030, 1100, 1330, 1400, 1500 and 1730 hours respectively ensure favourable illumination conditions for their imaging missions.
(e)Yaogan 27, Yaogan 19, Yaogan 22 and Yaogan 15 satellites with local times of crossing of 0930, 1030, 1330 and 1430 hours respectively are optical imaging satellites with medium resolution (3 to 10 m) capabilities. They act as a broad area coverage complement for the SAR as well as the high resolution optical imaging satellites. Yaogan 27 is a replacement for the Yaogan 8 that may be nearing the end of its life.
Using typical sensor geometries and the two line orbital elements available from public sources the ability of the current constellation to identify, locate and track the ACG was simulated by S. Chandrashekar and Soma Peruma. Assuming that any three of the ELINT clusters are operational at any given point in time the ELINT satellites typically make 18 contacts in a day with the moving target. The maximum period for which the target remains outside the reach of the ELINT satellites is about 90 minutes in a day. The SAR and the optical imaging satellites together typically provide 24 satellite passes over the target. About 16 targeting opportunities, during which the uncertainty in the target's location is less than 10 km, are available in a day. The analysis and the simulation results suggest that China has in place an operational ASBM system that can identify, locate, track and destroy an Aircraft Carrier in the Pacific Ocean. This seems to be an important component of a larger Chinese Access and Area Denial Strategy focused around a conflict over Taiwan.
TianHui – 1 (TH-1) TianHui meaning "Sky drawing" is a Chinese stereo-topographic mapping satellite operated by the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The satellites are built by the Hangtian Dongfanghong Weixing Corporation and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST). The satellites operate on a 500 km circular sun synchronous orbit. They are equipped with a three-dimensional survey camera and a CCD camera with a ground resolution of 5 meters, spectral region of 0.51 µm to 0.69 µm and with a camera angle of 25 degrees. Also on board is a multi-spectral camera with a ground resolution of 10 meters operating in four spectral bands of 0.43 µm to 0.52 µm, 0.52 µm to 0.61 µm, 0.61 µm to 0.69 µm, and 0.76 µm to 0.90 µm. The swath width of the cameras is 60 kilometers wide. The Tianhui-1 satellites are part of the Ziyuan program that cover different civil and military earth observation as well as remote sensing programs.
The Jilin-1 The Jilin-1 constellation of satellite is developed in China's Jilin Province and is the country's first self-developed remote sensing satellite for commercial use. These remote sensing satellites are designed to capture videos with a ground resolution better than 1.0 meters and with a swath of 11 km × 4.5 km. The operational lifespan of the satellites is 3 years. Jilin, one of the country's oldest industrial bases, is developing its satellite industry in a new economic drive. The province plans to launch 60 satellites by 2020 and 138 by 2030.
The first phase of the constellation saw the launch of the first three Jilin-1 satellites (that are also known as Lingqiao-1). Jilin 1-01 and Jilin 1-02 were launched on 07 Oct 2015, Jilin 1-03 was launched on 09 Jan 2017. Between 2018 and 2019 there are plans to have 16 satellites in orbit, completing a remote sensing network that will cover the entire globe and will be capable of a three to four hours update in the data provided. From 2020, the plans point to a 60 satellites orbital constellation capable of a 30 minutes update in the data provided. From 2030, the Jilin constellation will have 138 satellites in orbit, forming an all-day, all-weather, full spectrum acquisition segment data and a capability of observing any global arbitrary point with a 10 minutes revisit capability, providing the world's highest spatial resolution and time resolution space information products.
ASAT Program
China's anti-satellite (ASAT) program has been under development since 1964. Since its inception, the ASAT program has made progress on the development of three ASAT capable Systems: direct fire, directed-energy weapon, and microsatellites. A brief survey of tests by Beijing confirms that China is rapidly improving its counter space program and making advances in its anti-satellite systems. China's first ASAT test was conducted in May 2005 and its capabilities have come a long way since. Most notably, on 11 Jan 2007 a test was conducted to destroy a redundant Feng Yun 1-C weather satellite owned by China, leaving over 3,000 dangerous pieces of debris in space (Pic – 2) . The test was conducted in low Earth orbit (LEO), approximately 800 kilometers above Earth.
Figure 3 – ASAT Program
A 2013 test by Beijing involved its new missile, the DN-2 or Dong Neng-2, and the test was conducted in "nearly geosynchronous orbit," where most of the ISR and navigation satellites are located. The direct ascent test, launched from Xichang, reached an altitude of 18,600 miles. On October 30, 2015, China tested the DN-3 exoatmospheric vehicle, reported to be able to destroy U.S. satellites. Chinese press reports said the test was a missile defense interceptor flight test. However, The Washington Free Beacon quotes unnamed defense officials as saying that the DN-3 is "primarily a direct-ascent missile designed to ram into satellites and destroy them, even if intelligence assessments hold that the weapon has some missile defense capabilities." Since 2005, China has conducted seven anti-satellite direct-ascent missile tests. The details are tabulated in Table 1.
19050375285Table 1- Summary of Direct-Ascent Anti-Satellite Tests
Along with direct-ascent ASAT weapons, China is also believed to be developing other space weapons. In June 2016, China launched the Aolong-1 spacecraft on a Long March 7 rocket. China claims that the Aolong-1 is tasked with cleaning up space junk and collecting man-made debris in space. However, other reports suggest that the spacecraft, equipped with a robotic arm, is a dual-use ASAT weapon. The Aolong-1 is believed to be the first in a series of spacecraft that will be tasked with collecting man-made space debris. the South China Morning Post points out that it is unrealistic to remove all space debris with robots; rather, for the People's Liberation Army the robot is a potential ASAT weapon.
Beijing's recent space activities indicate that it is developing co-orbital anti-satellite systems to be capable of targeting space assets. Co-orbital anti-satellite systems consist of a satellite "armed with a weapon such as an explosive charge, fragmentation device, kinetic energy weapon, laser, radio frequency weapon, jammer, or robotic arm." Besides the "hard-kill" methods, Beijing is also testing soft-kill methods to incapacitate enemy satellites. For instance, China has been acquiring a number of foreign and indigenous ground-based satellite jammers since the mid-2000s. These jammers are designed to disrupt an adversary's communications with a satellite by overpowering the signals being sent to or from it. The PLA can use these jammers to deny an adversary the access to the GPS and other satellite signals. Directed energy lasers are also a soft-kill method that could be used in an anti-satellite mission. China has been committing resources to the research and development for directed energy weapons since the 1990s.
Tiangong – Space Laboratory Program
The first Tiangong lab module was launched on 29 September 2011, and two astronaut crews lived aboard it. The Tiangong 1 laboratory has now completed its mission of demonstrating the basic technologies required for a space station and is expected to re-enter any time now.
Tiangong-2 was launched on 15 September 2016. Tiangong-2 is neither designed nor planned to be a permanent orbital station; rather, it is intended as a testbed for key technologies that will be used in Chinese large modular space station, which is planned for launch around 2019–2022.
China's original plan called for three Tiangong laboratories, with the next ones each successively more advanced than its predecessor. Tiangong 3 would be the final step before China launched the first module of the Chinese Space Station, a large modular structure that should be completed around 2020. China aims to build by 2022 a permanent space station, which is expected to orbit for at least 10 years
Figure 4 – The Future China's Space Station
Major Achievements of China Space Program Vs USA
China USA
24 Apr 1970 : Dongfanghong 1, first satellite launched aboard Chang Zheng 1 Rocket from Jiuquan LA-2 Launch site.
31 Jan 1958: Explorer 1, designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech, is sent aloft from Cape Canaveral, aboard a Jupiter C rocket. It is the first satellite launched 29 Jul 1958: Creation of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
15 Oct 2003 – Astronaut Yang Liwei becomes the first Chinese in space 5 May 1961 – Astronaut Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space.
14 Dec 2013 : China's Chang'e 3 spacecraft landed on the moon 02 Jun 1966: Surveyor 1 becomes the first American spacecraft to land on the moon.
20 Jul 1969: Neil Armstrong and Aldrin become the first men on the moon
China's Mars program started in 2009 in a partnership with Russia. However, the Russian spacecraft Fobos-Grunt carrying a Chinese orbiter Yinghuo-1 crashed on 9 November 2011. China is planned to place a Mars orbiter, lander and rover on Mars & the mission is planned to be launched in July or August 2020. 13 Nov 1971: The Mariner 9 probe orbited Mars. It is the first craft to orbit another planet.
29 Sep 2011 : Tiangong-1 meaning Celestial Palace 1 : first prototype space station was Launched aboard a Long March 2F/G rocket 14 May 1973: The U.S. launched its first space station, Skylab.
11 Jan 2007: Conducted an anti-satellite missile test.
2008 : Chinese astronauts conduct the country's first spacewalk, known as the Shenzhou 7 mission.
2013 : China landed a rover on the moon named Jade Rabbit.
China completed the world's largest radio telescope in 2016, which will scan for alien life and search for black holes
Sep 2016 : Launcheed second space lab, Tiangong-2.
Oct 2016: Launcheed Shenzhou 11, China's sixth manned space mission.
Nov 2016: Launched the Long March 5, one of the world's most powerful rockets.
20 Apr 2017 : Lunched its first cargo spacecraft, Tianzhou-1, an essential step for building its own space station by 2022. Voyagers 1 and 2 were launched in 1977
Nov 1980 : Voyager 1 reaches Saturn and begins transmitting images.
Jan 1986: Voyager 2 begins transmitting images from Uranus.
August 1989: Voyager 2 begins transmitting images from Neptune.
Dec 1998 : Unity, the first U.S. segment of the International Space Station, launches.
Sep 2003 : NASA's Galileo mission ends a 14-year exploration of the solar system's largest planet and its moons with the spacecraft crashing by design into Jupiter at 108,000 mph.
Mar 2009 : The NASA spacecraft Kepler is launched, with a goal of searching for planets outside our solar system, in a distant area of the Milky Way.
Apr 2017 : NASA's Cassini spacecraft sends word that it successfully completed its first pass through the uncharted territory between Saturn and its rings.
Budget on Space Activities
China does not publish official figures on its overall space spending. This dearth of information, combined with the opacity in structures and organisation, makes obtaining reliable data on the expenditure and budget allocation for space-related activities difficult. It would, however, be too simplistic to attribute the lack of an official budget for space activities solely to a desire for secrecy motivated by the sensitive nature of this domain. In order to have an idea of the total annual spending on space activities in China, it is necessary to rely on estimates. A variety of estimates have been offered in various literatures, and different methodologies have been proposed. One of the most recognised approaches to estimating the Chinese space budget is that proposed by the Space Foundation in its Space Report, which suggests comparing China to its "peers". On average, the major space faring nations—excluding the United States and Russia, where spending is significantly higher than in any other country—
devote approximately 0.042 % of their current-price Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to civil space activities. Using this method and China's GDP which is 11.2 lakh crores USD (2016), the country's 2016 space spending can be estimated at 4704 crores USD.
In 2018, CNSA aims to land a rover to the far side of the moon, a first for humankind. And in 2020, it plans to land a rover on Mars, a feat that has been attempted by Russia and other European nations, but only successfully accomplished by the United States. The overall goal is that, by around 2030, China will be among the major space powers of the world. Chinese space officials have said they would put astronauts on the moon by the mid-2030s. According to Chinese state media, China spends about $2 billion a year on its space programme.
China's navigation and high-resolution imaging are two ways that satellites can be used to convey details about enemy targets. China's BeiDou Navigation satellite, in orbit since 2000, will be used by the Chinese military to carry out navigation requirement of all its kinetic platforms and weapons. Although China professes that many of its satellites are not used for military but there are ample evidences to suggest that they are making headway into using space to secure it's security interests. With the present satellites Chinese military will be able to get an update, from the space, on the places of interest in India every 4-6 hours.
Though Chinese space authorities have publicly announced the country's ambitions to forge itself into a major space power by the early 2030s, President Xi Jinping's government is also considering ways to direct spending that will push Chinese tech companies toward breakthroughs in downstream technologies like robotics, aerospace, artificial intelligence, big data analytics and other 21st-century technologies. The majority of China's space ambitions remain focused on boosting Chinese prestige at home and abroad. But a push within Xi's government to triple spending on space science as well as the emergence of a small but growing group of privately backed space start-ups suggest that both Chinese industry and government see long-term economic benefits in their investments in space technologies. Finally, its interesting to note that NASA personnel are prohibited from working with the Chinese, and the Chinese can't visit any NASA building without explicit permission and a waiver.
Gp Capt Srikant Mishra an alumnus of Sainik School Bhubaneswar was commissioned into Administration branch and Fighter Controller sub branch of IAF in Dec 1991. He is a Cat BEE controller and served in various radar units of IAF as a fighter controller. He also specialises in the IMINT stream. He has served as an observer in the first RPA Sqn of the IAF, Int officer at HQ Eastern Air Command and JD IMINT at Air HQ. He has also been the Chief Admin Officer of a premier base in SWAC. He has commanded the Imagery Intelligence School of IAF and has the distinction of training the officers of Kenyan Defence Forces at Kenya Defence Int School in Nairobi.
About Listing Obligations The Listing Agreement prescribes various initial and continuous disclosure norms to be made by the listed companies with the stock exchanges
Chapter 1 Introduction The demand for higher efficiency from the automobile vehicle and their associated accessories has increased in last few years due to the continuous increase in fuel price
While the matters are available in the time period of digital lead then MPEG TS play an essential role in it
Acknowledgement Table of Contents TOC o "1-3" h z u Acknowledgement PAGEREF _Toc522926062 h iTable of Contents PAGEREF _Toc522926063 h iiLists of Tables PAGEREF _Toc522926064 h ivLists of Figures PAGEREF _Toc522926065 h ivAbstract PAGEREF _Toc522926066 h vList of Acronyms PAGEREF _Toc522926067 h viiChapter-1
Table of Contents TOC o "1-3" h z u Chapter 1 PAGEREF _Toc515035474 h 2Chapter 2 PAGEREF _Toc515035475 h 4Chapter 3 PAGEREF _Toc515035476 h 14MCKINSEYS'S 7S FRAMEWORK PAGEREF _Toc515035477 h 14Chapter 4 PAGEREF _Toc515035478 h 19SWOT ANALYSIS PAGEREF _Toc515035479 h 19Chapter 5 PAGEREF _Toc515035480 h 21Design Methodology PAGEREF _Toc515035481 h 21Chapter 6 PAGEREF _Toc515035482 h 29Data Analysis
Group Case Analysis
DECLARATION This proposal is my original work and has not presented for any diploma course in any other institution
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The good thing is our common interests outnumbered our differences, but that doesn't mean those differences haven't provided challenges at times.
When Ted and I tied the knot, we definitely had common interests. At the same time, though, we weren't identical in our likes and dislikes. Sound familiar? I bet you can relate.
Ted enjoyed sushi, late night talk radio, and Fox News.
Me … not so much. I really preferred a visit to the dentist over watching coverage of the latest crime case or hearing conspiracy theories about Area 51. And sushi, well, unlike Ted and Tolkien's Gollum, I didn't care for "raw and wriggling" food.
I favored Hallmark Channel original movies, clearance racks at Macy's, and Gilmore Girls.
Yep, you guessed it: Ted … not so much. I've had to ban him from all Hallmark movies except The Magic of Ordinary Days. He heckles. The mall, it gives him a headache after thirty minutes. And he finds the dialogue in Gilmore Girls unrealistically witty. Fortunately for him, I abandoned the drama of Rory and Lorelai when the show's last bit of moral sanity jumped ship.
Learning to embrace differences is what I and five of my blogging friends are discussing this week in our "Embrace Your Marriage: A Virtual Marriage Retreat" series. I'm over at my blog with the article, "3 Ways to Embrace Differences in Your Marriage," sharing with you some practical tactics that are helpful to Ted and me.
If you enjoy my post at AshleighSlater.com, it's been been excerpted and adapted from my book, Team Us: Marriage Together and used with permission from Moody Publishers © 2014.
Team Us offers couples practical ways to cultivate and strengthen unity in their marriages. I share from my own marriage as I present couples with realistic ideas on how to foster cooperation, deepen commitment, and exercise grace on a daily basis.


A dream place for a romantic or to relax.
A log house in the heart of the Laurentians mountains. Surrounded by majestic conifers, a warm interior, that is what is offered to you at the Solitude. Holidays for pick up and ending in couple, between friends or family, a haven of peace to you, as nowhere else.
Recently built, this prestigious unit of housing 1 bedroom in a House of roundwood Scandinavian (duplex type which includes two dwelling units, that can be rented at the same time), can accommodate up to 4 persons. It has 1 bedroom, offering 1 queen bed and 1 sofa-bed. All beds have duvets in feathers and down for your utmost comfort. Here you will find also 1 full bathroom. The living room, we found a TV with satellite, a DVD player, and outside there is a spa, an outdoor fireplace and gardens round wooden furniture (which can be share with another unit in the case of rental simultaneous) housing, although located in the semi-basement is bathed in light and offers a lifestyle where the class and sophistication of wood blend with nature varying with the seasons. A fixture to the theme of deer anime stay at the time of the dining room and creates the après-ski atmosphere much-sought. Table of solid wood up to 4 people invites as well to the meal between friends to exchanges in the family. Alternatively, you can cook the BBQ on the back balcony, winter and summer. Snowshoeing enthusiasts go on expedition directly from the chalet in the mountains or on the golf course.
* Extra charge of $15.00 per day, per animal.


text:
De Osos
De Osos - Todo el Ruido Entre Nosotros
In July of 2013 De Osos was born. A project of Arturo Luna, musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist of 24 years of age who lives in the city of Mexico.
It was until May 2015 that Arturo published "Instrucciones para Dejar Ir", an EP that made De Osos winners of the IMAS Award for best experimental album.
De Osos is a project that has undergone mutations, encounters and disagreements. Along the way, it went from a post-rock base, which is still maintained but noisier and dependent on electronic percussions and beats, to the point of creation of electronic music that does not use the common bases of the genre.
Arturo Luna has a band to perform live music, whose members are Carlos Flores, José Manuel Germán, Marco Vera and Pablo Diaz
The band was chosen by Ben Frost to open their show at the CDMX.
Currently De Osos is working on his first LP.
Subgenre: Alternative
From: Mexico City, MEXICO
Events featuring De Osos
De Osos at Friends
De Osos at The Hideout

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Page: Home > Your Stories > Families as Partners
Families as Partners
As the parent of a 21 year old with severe learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges, I have found that when we are able to work in partnership pooling all our combined knowledge and many ways of knowing, this has led to better outcomes for Rhys and us as a family. When professionals explain what their role is and how they can help Rhys, it helps me to understand my role in supporting them. For example, family carers often know an individual's particular way of communicating their preferences and the best approach to use. Sharing our understanding of what needs to be in place helps ensure that Rhys doesn't need to be challenging to be heard. Working with the professionals as equal partners has led to tailored person-centred support that meets Rhys' needs more effectively - and it costs less too!
Rhys has a Person-Centred Plan that was compiled with contributions from school, the respite unit and a circle of support (family and friends who knew Rhys well), which gives the fine details of what works for Rhys. It includes how he communicates and how to communicate with him. We have found that the staff team needs to be person-centred, open minded and comfortable asking for help. Family carers provide consistency when other agencies may change, for example from school to adult services. Sharing what works and what does not enables effective communication and a better understanding of how we can work together.
Jackie Edwards, mother to Rhys.
⇐ Back to Your Stories
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Hello – my name is Pete, I am very happily married to the lovely Wendy and we have been blessed with 2 children... read the full story
Helen Cherry, a family carer, talks about the inspiration behind her graphics, illustrating the challenges of sensory... read the full story
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Balwinder talks about how she got good support for her daughter, Mindy, with the support of the CBF. Balwinder... read the full story
My son Adam is 23. He has severe learning disabilities, epilepsy, autism and severe challenging behaviour. Adam often... read the full story
Five years ago I had the privilege of being asked to set up and facilitate a Circle for Niki. I had known his parents... read the full story
My daughter, Katie, has Tuberous Sclerosis, which is a genetic condition and it manifests in various organs, causing... read the full story
When the long-awaited Care Act was published, it was the biggest shake-up of health and social care legalisation in a... read the full story
Over the years we have worked very hard to have positive experiences as a family, including days... read the full story
My niece, Fauzia, was transferred to a forensic psychiatric hospital in Northampton in 2012, the only option... read the full story
As I write this our son Daniel now 13 is having his support package reviewed, it terrifies me what the outcome may be,... read the full story
Our son James, who has a severe learning disability and autism, left residential special school with no properly... read the full story
We discovered Intensive Interaction when Rhys was about 12. He isn't able to speak and has a limited... read the full story
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text:
Innovation & Knowledge
Media & Brand Communication
Consumer & Shopper
Ipsos MORI Thinks
Approached by us?
Quality and Transparency
UK Office Locations
Ipsos in the world
Choose your market:
Albania / Gjuha shqipe
Algeria / Français
Bahrain / English
Bosnia-Herzegovina / BS
Bosnia-Herzegovina / EN
Bulgaria / Български
China / English
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Cyprus / English
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Ukraine / English
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News & Polls : News
Benefit Cap popular with public, but what impact is it having pre-implementation?
Two Ipsos MORI polls conducted for the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) find that there is strong popular support for the Benefit Cap.
Two Ipsos MORI polls conducted for the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) find that there is strong popular support for the Benefit Cap, and that many of those who were notified that they would be affected by the cap found work after receiving this notification.
The first survey, a national poll conducted online, found that the Benefit Cap receives wide public support, even when it is framed in different ways; nearly three quarters of the British public support it in principle (73%), with just 12% opposed while similar proportions support it at £26,000 (70% vs. 13%) and at the average amount which working households earn per year after tax' (67% vs. 12%).
The strength of support for the Cap across these measures indicates a popular policy at a time when the benefits system in Britain is considered too generous (by 50%) rather than not generous enough (20%).
The second survey, a telephone poll among those who were notified they would be affected by the Benefit Cap within the last year and who subsequently found work found:
The vast majority of those surveyed are still in work: 87% say they are in either full-time or part-time employment or are self-employed.
While most had at least heard of the Benefit Cap changes (85%), there is uncertainty about whether or not they will be affected by the policy at the time of interview: many think they will not be affected (41%), many say they will (34%), while some say they do not know (24%).
The majority (57%) say they remember receiving written notification that their household would be affected. Of those who say they do not (43%), one quarter (25%) say they were aware they would be affected anyway. This means that almost one third (32%) of those affected did not remember receiving notification and were not aware that they were affected by the Benefit Cap before the interview.
Almost three in ten (29%) of those who remember receiving notification or were aware that they were affected say they looked for a job as a direct response to being notified or becoming aware of the Benefit Cap.
More than three in five (61%) of those in work and who remember receiving notification that they would be affected found their current job after receiving notification.
This figure increases to 72% of those who say they have been infrequently in the workplace during their working lives, that is those who say they have sometimes, rarely or never been in paid employment.
These findings show correlation and not causation, nonetheless those finding work after notification outnumber those who found work before it by nearly two to one (61% against 35%).
Download the data for national online poll (PDF)
Download the data for targeted telephone survey (PDF)
Download the DWP research report
Ipsos MORI interviewed a representative sample of 2,019 adults aged between 16 and 75 across Great Britain (online), and a targeted sample of 500 people who were notified they would be affected by the Benefit Cap within the last year and who subsequently found work (by telephone).
Fieldwork was conducted between 31 May and 5 June 2013. Data has been weighted to the known population profile for both surveys.
More insights about Energy & Environment
Is climate change important to consumers?
Does public pressure mean that we are reaching a tipping point whereby big business has no choice but to pursue a sustainable finance strategy? Ben Page writes for the Social Market Foundation.
The Royal Parks Visitor Research
Results of the latest Ipsos MORI visitor survey research for The Royal Parks have been published.
Consumers & Brands
Customers & Employees
Doctors & Patients
Face to Face Interviewer
© 2016 - 2019 Ipsos All Rights Reserved
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text:
package io.github.lxgaming.discordbot.discord.util;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import io.github.lxgaming.discordbot.DiscordBot;
import io.github.lxgaming.discordbot.entries.Audio;
import net.dv8tion.jda.core.EmbedBuilder;

public class AudioQueue {

	private List<Audio> queue;
	private boolean repeatQueue;
	private boolean repeatSong;

	public AudioQueue() {
		queue = new ArrayList<Audio>();
	}

	public void playNext() {
		Audio audio = getNext();
		if (audio == null) {
			DiscordBot.getInstance().getDiscord().getAudioPlayer().playTrack(null);
			return;
		}

		DiscordBot.getInstance().getDiscord().getAudioPlayer().playTrack(audio.getAudioTrack());

		EmbedBuilder embedBuilder = new EmbedBuilder();
		embedBuilder.setAuthor(audio.getTextChannel().getJDA().getSelfUser().getName(), null, audio.getTextChannel().getJDA().getSelfUser().getEffectiveAvatarUrl());
		embedBuilder.setColor(DiscordUtil.DEFAULT);
		embedBuilder.addField("Now playing", audio.getAudioTrack().getInfo().title, false);
		DiscordBot.getInstance().getDiscord().getMessageSender().sendMessage(audio.getTextChannel(), embedBuilder.build(), true);
	}

	private Audio getNext() {
		if (getQueue() == null || getQueue().isEmpty()) {
			return null;
		}

		if (getQueue().get(0).hasPlayed()) {
			if (!isRepeatQueue() && !isRepeatSong()) {
				getQueue().remove(0);
			} else if (isRepeatQueue()) {
				getQueue().add(getQueue().remove(0));
			} else if (isRepeatSong()) {
				getQueue().set(0, new Audio(getQueue().get(0).getTextChannel(), getQueue().get(0).getMember(), getQueue().get(0).getAudioTrack().makeClone()));
			}
		}

		if (getQueue().isEmpty()) {
			return null;
		}
		return getQueue().get(0).setPlayed(true);
	}

	public List<Audio> getQueue() {
		return queue;
	}

	public boolean isRepeatQueue() {
		return repeatQueue;
	}

	public void setRepeatQueue(boolean repeatQueue) {
		this.repeatQueue = repeatQueue;
		if (isRepeatQueue() && isRepeatSong()) {
			setRepeatSong(false);
		}
	}

	public boolean isRepeatSong() {
		return repeatSong;
	}

	public void setRepeatSong(boolean repeatSong) {
		this.repeatSong = repeatSong;
		if (isRepeatSong() && isRepeatQueue()) {
			setRepeatQueue(false);
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Admittedly Merging Lanes Love has gone dark over the last couple of months. We've officially hit the 5 month mark for the wedding, work has had a major upswing in activity, and did I mention we're moving? It always seems that the busyness of life compounds. But, that just means, sometime soon we'll be enjoying the lazy pace of summer.
In the mean time, we're spending spare moments packing up the house and preparing to move into a condo we're renting on the west side of town. While I hate the moving process, one of the good things that comes out of it is a chance to purge. After all, there's no point in moving something if you're not going to use it. A couple of weekends ago, I took some time to organize, pack, and purge the hall closet where most of my craft supplies are stored. At the bottom of said closet, however, was a large bin that was previously stored in my parents garage for over a decade. I believe I packed it away when I was 18 or 19 and have not looked inside the box since then. On Sunday, I decided to take a look inside the box, and I took a tumble trip down memory lane.
It's amazing – the things that I thought were worth holding on to at 18. Before tossing some things aside and sending some things off to be donated, I snapped some pictures to share so you could make this trip with me. I've laid it out high school yearbook superlative style. But first, here's a picture of many (though not all) of the items I pulled from the bin.
This prize goes to the trophies and awards found in the bin. I feel like this is a pretty common thing for people to hold keep. Who doesn't want a piece of the glory days? Though, my glory days include elementary school soccer and karate belts. Oh yeah, my sisters and I went through our Ralph Macchio/Karate Kid inspired dojo days like the best of 'em. And that's not something in your eye, that's the glint of not one, but multiple cheerleading trophies. Hey-oh! But don't worry, that "Script C" was handed out to students who achieved academic excellence. So, I was a jock, a cheerleader, and a nerd. Watch out Beyonce, I'm a triple-threat, too!
Inside each of these canisters and sports bottles, I found stacks and stacks and stacks of letters dating back to elementary school all the way through high school. In reading through the letters, I couldn't help but wonder how different it must be for kids these days (wow, I think I just felt a hair on my head turn grey from saying that – "kids these days" – who am I?). In the letters I read, the authors often mentioned what was happening in class (you know the things they were avoiding doing by writing me a letter) and how long it would be before they would be able to hand me the note. For instance, if they were writing me the letter in homeroom, they may not see me until lunch. In which case, I may not respond to the letter until sixth period and then pass them my response after school. Now, kids can text each other and get an instant response. No more sweet anticipation (oh Carly Simon, your song would fall on deaf ears).
From left: Is that a pencil holder or a dead tree?; Clown-boy (see below); Coil Basket; Old West Doctor?; Excalibur Rises from Paint (my personal favorite); and a Deserted island (complete with treasure chest).
As a junior in high school, I took a ceramics class. I was pretty proud of my work and wanted my mom to display it in the house. At our annual family Christmas celebration, I even suggested that she use my creations as dinner table centerpieces. My mom refused to put my artwork on display, however. I never understood why. When uncovering items in the bin, I picked up something heavy, wrapped in newspaper and let it unfurl in my lap. What I saw made me shriek with laughter. I laughed so hard I cried. I finally got it, mom! This stuff is horrifying! No wonder she didn't want this displayed at the dinner table – it would make people sick. When Darrin came to investigate, I could hardly get the story out for all the laughing. I'm not sure what to do with these pieces. I'm pretty sure they're not recyclable and I'm positive they don't belong in the Goodwill pile. Maybe I'll save them till Christmas and then wrap them up for family and friends – anyone interested in an MJ original?
Closely on the heels of the last entry, I give you this little gem. Surely, this would give your children nightmares. You can't tell me this isn't total horror! Though this is part of my ceramics creations, it was worth of its own category. Anyone looking to freak out a friend? Starting bids open at $5.00. Ha!
So, that's everything in all it's juvenile horror! What about you? Have you ever stumbled upon something you thought was lost or long forgotten? Do these things bring back some old memories? Share!


text:
Q: Disable touch outside of the Bluetooth system Alert - Android I am new in android development.
I have a BluetoothAdapter, if bluetooth not enabled automatically asks the window for allow/deny. It is woking fine but, when tap on outside of the alert will dismiss the alert. How can I disable the dismissal of the alert when tap out side of the alert window.
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, BluetoothState.REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);

A: What you have is an Activity, so you should call setFinishOnTouchOutside(false) from your activity if you want to keep your dialog open when the background activity is clicked.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Please don't forget to record your weekly WOW moments and bring them into school to go onto the WOW board. We love to celebrate the achievements of the Robins at home as well as in school. Click on the word document to download the template.
And don't forget to keep up with your reading at home!
In Year R, children encouraged to begin to develop a homwork habit, e.g. sharing a book with an adult for 5 to 10 minutes daily.
In Year 1 children should be spending 15 minutes per evening five evening per week, completing simple activities such as reading, practising spelling or maths.
There are lots more activities you might like to try at home on Purple Mash.


text:
Knoxville è una città dello Stato del Tennessee ed è il capoluogo della contea di Knox. La città nel 2020 conta una popolazione censita di  abitanti, rendendola la terza città più grande dello Stato dopo Nashville e Memphis. Knoxville è la città principale dell'area metropolitana di Knoxville (KMSA), che nel 2018 aveva  abitanti, in crescita dello 0,9 percento, o  abitanti, dal 2015. La KMSA è, a sua volta, il componente centrale dell'area combinata statistica di Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette, che nel 2018 aveva una popolazione di  abitanti.

Geografia
Knoxville è situata a  (35.966667, -83.95). Secondo lo United States Census Bureau, ha un'area totale di .

Knoxville si trova nell'area della Great Appalachian Valley e metà strada tra le Great Smoky Mountains a est e l'Altopiano del Cumberland a ovest. Il territorio comunale è caratterizzato da bassi rilievi, il punto più elvato corrisponde alla House Mountain,

Il centro abitato è attraversato dal fiume Tennessee.

Storia
Colonizzata nel 1786, Knoxville fu la prima capitale del Tennessee. La città ha lottato con l'isolamento geografico per tutto il XIX secolo. L'arrivo della ferrovia nel 1855 portò a un boom economico. Durante la guerra civile americana, la città fu amaramente divisa sulla questione della secessione, ed era occupata alternativamente da eserciti sia Confederati che dell'Unione. Dopo la guerra, Knoxville crebbe rapidamente come importante centro commerciale e di vendita all'ingrosso. L'economia della città ristagnò dopo gli anni 1920 quando il settore manifatturiero crollò, l'area del centro cittadino cadde in declino e i leader della città si radicarono in lotte politiche altamente partigiane. Ospitare l'Expo 1982 contribuì a rinvigorire la città, e le iniziative di rivitalizzazione da parte dei leader della città e degli sviluppatori privati hanno avuto importanti successi nel stimolare la crescita della città, specialmente nell'area del centro cittadino.

Monumenti e luoghi di interesse
I due edifici più elevati di Knoxville sono il First Tennessee Plaza (27 piani) e il Riverview Tower (24 piani) entrambi situati in Gay Street. L'edificio più caratteristico è la Sunsphere, una struttura a travatura reticolare alta 81 metri edificata nel 1982 in occasione dell'Expo 1982 nella stessa occasione fu costruito anche il Tennessee Amphitheater..

Il centro cittadino include stili architettonici di epoche diverse, dall'edificio in travi della James White House (1786) al moderno Knoxville Museum of Art (1990). Tra gli stili vi sono il neogreco dell'Old City Hall, il vittoriano dell'Hotel St. Oliver e del Sullivan's Saloon), il gotico della chiesa metodista di Church Street, il neoclassico dell'Old Customs House e l'Art déco del Knoxville Post Office.

Knoxville è la sede del campus dell'Università del Tennessee, le cui squadre sportive, chiamate "Volunteers" o "Vols", sono estremamente popolari nell'area circostante. Knoxville è anche sede del quartier generale della Tennessee Valley Authority, del tribunale della Corte Suprema del Tennessee per il Tennessee orientale e delle sedi centrali di diverse compagnie nazionali e regionali. Come una delle più grandi città della regione degli Appalachi, Knoxville si è posizionata negli ultimi anni come deposito della cultura degli Appalachi ed è una delle porte del Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Società

Evoluzione demografica
Secondo il censimento del 2018, la popolazione era di  abitanti. Al 2020, la popolazione residente censita è salita a  abitanti.

Etnie e minoranze straniere
Secondo il censimento del 2010, la composizione etnica della città era formata dal 76,1% di bianchi, il 17,1% di afroamericani, lo 0,4% di nativi americani, l'1,6% di asiatici, lo 0,2% di oceaniani, il 2,2% di altre razze, e il 2,5% di due o più etnie. Ispanici o latinos di qualunque razza erano il 4,6% della popolazione.

Amministrazione

Gemellaggi

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Posted by Ben at 19.11.10 No comments:
Okay, so I lied about starting the game in this next entry, but that's only because I'm not at home like I expected to be and don't have the game on this computer, but DO have access to the screenshots I already uploaded to Google's lovely Picasa service, and I can work with that, damn it. All we need is a little imagination. And fairy dust.
And google image search. Anything that's not a screenshot of mine is either gallium or dr. Doom.
Champions Online doesn't have a "backstory" segment, I feel I should point out, this is just me playing with pictures from an alternate character. The beginning of the game, next entry, immediately follows the end of the character creator, dig? Marvelous.
One fine day in the Southwest Desert, a lackluster Geology student named William was hiking about searching for mineral samples in a last-ditch effort to pull a C average in the class. Though he was a clever enough lad, young William simply wasn't cut out for geology, but since he was at the university on a football scholarship, he couldn't simply drop the course. Fearing for his position on the champion football team (The *DATA EXPUNGED* State Tardigrades) (Audience: Cheer!) his Geology professor had shown blatant favoritism and given him one last chance: unknown to most, one area of the desert kept turning up discoveries of trace amounts of Neutronium, a rare, indestructible element normally only found in collapsed stars. Intending to bring a Neutronium pebble back to the geology department's rock gallery in lieu of actually completing his final, William had set out early that morning to comb the desert for the elusive rock, taking only the clothes on his back and his resentful lab partner Daniel.
Most unfortunately, young William had little more skill with geography than he did with geology, and within three hours he was separated from Daniel and hopelessly lost! (Audience: Gasp!)
After wandering for hours and beginning to suffer the early effects of dehydration, William stumbled upon something that seemed slightly out of place. (Audience: Ooooooh...!)
Why, perhaps this was what he had been looking for in the first place! William leaned in to get a closer look at the strange boulder and to retrieve a sample.
Much to his surprise, before even taking out his chisel and hammer, a small chunk of shiny material dislodged itself and fell from a fissure in the boulder.
It was unlike any material William had ever seen before! Quickly scooping it up to put it in his backpack, he was startled to discover the material melded to his hand! (Audience: Gasp!)
Shocked, William stared as the strange meteor rock melted into a liquid and coated the palm of his hand, only to realize with horror that the liquid was actually seeping into his skin! (Audience: Murmur.)
Efforts to shake the material loose proved to be futile, and William, in a panic, took off running, hoping to find a way back to the road and a hospital. However, he still had no idea where he was going, and wound up even further from his car than he had been before.
Cresting a hill some hours later, he was greeted with a sight that nobody really wants to see:
(Audience: Scream!)
Fortunately, William was thrown so far by the explosion that he landed in the middle of the highway, miraculously alive. (Audience: Relieved Sigh!)
He was taken to the nearest small town's hospital, at which he was airlifted a short fifteen hundred miles to Millennium City to be put under observation in quarantine. For you see, young William had begun to develop strange symptoms in the bed of the pickup truck back to town, which by the time he had reached the hospital were quite obviously serious.
In fact, by the time of his arrival in Millennium City, he was hardly recognizable.
Kind of like this picture of Dr. Doom from the Fantastic Four movie! But not quite! But sort of!
Surely, this couldn't be healthy! The doctors found themselves unable to help young William, though, as every time they tried to take a sample, their needles bent, their scalpels broke, and their X-Rays and MRIs were simply reflected back at the machines. William's condition was a complete mystery, and seemed only to be getting worse and worse, until...!
ROCKS FALL, EVERYBODY DIES. (Audience: Applause!)
The very first thing Champions Online does is throw you into the least awesome part of their character creator, the occasionally baffling Choose Your Framework screen.
It's not so much baffling because of the interface (which is about as straightforward as you can get with twenty options right off the bat) but because, from here, you really don't have any idea what the powerset you choose will have in store for you later. They do give a paragraph description of what you'll likely be good at, but not how you'll progress or what your choices later on will be. They also don't really give you an idea what your ideal role in a party would be, which I don't really miss, but which is generally a standby of MMOs. City Of Heroes, for example, had you choose a class first (Tanker, Blaster, etc., the names said it all) with a pretty self-explanatory role attached to it, and then choose which actual powers you would have after that. Champions is quite a bit more fluid. While some powers simply won't work for some roles (if you're flinging fireballs at everyone, you're not ideally suited for hand-to-hand combat, whereas if your only power is super punches, you're not going to be much for ranged DPS) you can generally manipulate your stats to fulfill whatever role you wind up preferring. Additionally, Champions lets you mix and match powers as the game progresses; notice the "custom framework" option at the bottom, with which you can choose two powers from two different frameworks and a characteristic from a third, if you like. Choosing one particular framework at the beginning doesn't limit your choices later on much either. You could start with the Electricity Framework, for example, and start taking Martial Arts powers as soon as you level up. It's a steeper learning curve than most MMOs, but I find that I prefer it to the bland "choose your class" options of most games, where you wind up with the same six characters repeated thousands of times throughout the game world. In Champions, there's a lot of variety in the population.
It also isn't immediately clear how the combat works until you actually play a bit of the game. What they refer to as an "energy-builder" is actually your default attack, which you toggle on by clicking an enemy and which your character will continue to use until they or the enemy are disabled. While they're doing this, they'll steadily build energy which you can then spend on more effective or flashy moves. So basically, combat for every class works about like the Warrior works in World Of Warcraft, except that you don't start at zero energy. Your Endurance stat determines your maximum energy points and your Recovery determines both how fast you get it back and how full it is to start with. Characters with a high enough Recovery can unleash their most powerful moves without using their default attacks first at all. It's... strange. It's actually a pretty great system when you get used to it; one of the things I hate about most MMO's is the built in "down time" that your character needs to replenish whatever before you can start, y'know, playing the game again.
Also, I feel that I would be remiss if I didn't bitch about Telekinesis a bit. While it sounds like it would be, you know, telekinesis (which I for one associate with it's definition of moving things at a distance) like Darth Vader or Sylar or Jean Grey or so many other awesome characters have had, the folks at Champions Online seem to think that kinesis is Latin for weirdass energy sword. Seriously, if you choose Telekinesis, your character will fight by throwing glowing pink darts and then hitting things with a glowing pink sword it pulls out of thin air. I can only assume that they were going for some kinda Psylocke-from-X-Men thing, but it doesn't make any sense whatsoever. If you want a guy with telekinetic abilities, Force is significantly closer to the mark.
A more personal gripe is the power choices themselves. While you have a metric shit-ton of options for shooting-stuff-at-people powers (Electricity Fire Force Ice Archery Gadgeteering Munitions Power Armor Telekinesis Telepathy Celestial Darkness Infernal Supernatural Sorcery) and different ways to do it, the options for actually fighting someone with your bare hands are pretty limited, with only Martial Arts and Might available for hand-to-handers. (There's also, of course, one sword, two swords, and punching daggers, but that's not really the same thing, is it?) So if I just wanted to make a character like ol' Iron Will whose superpower just makes him physically different from most people, I've just got two to choose from. Martial Arts would work, except the animation involves them jumping into the air and then hovering a foot off the ground while rapidly jerking around to alternately punch and kick the enemy several times a second in what looks like something between a glitch and an epileptic fit. It would work for a speedster or a ninja, but just looks silly when a regular looking guy runs up to an enemy and then lifts off the ground and spazzes out. Might is a fairly straightforward punching-people power, so for Iron Will, we're going with Might.
Might's a pretty good powerset taken all-in-all, and my only real objection to it is that because it's the only really viable moves set for an unarmed strength-based character, I've used it on enough of my alts that I'm a little tired of it.
The description given to the left here is a little inaccurate for our purposes. As stated, one of the main strengths of Champions Online is the customization options for your individual characters. While Might CAN be used to excel at slow heavy attacks and taking less damage as the fight wears on, that's only if you keep going with Might all the way through your character's level progression, including taking it's passive abilities (abilities you can spend your points on that aren't actually "moves" you use so much as new traits your character acquires) and building it's primary attribute, Strength. Just to start with, it does none of these things. Rather than going for as strong as possible (I have a character I've already done that with) in this case I'm just picking it for it's energy builder and then building the rest of the character to be durable rather than strong (though the two are of course not mutually exclusive).
Of course, if you're going for a specific theme or concept (which I recommend going in, just 'cuz there are so many options that having a goal helps rather than just becoming a hodgepodge of mismatched elements for sheer mechanical effectiveness) you'll probably want to create a custom framework, which will let you pick and choose powers you want. Maybe you want to kick people in the head until you have enough power to explode them with a fireball like Ryu? Maybe you want to shoot people with a bow until they get close and then let loose with a sword? You'll want a custom framework. Don't worry, they're easier than they sound. Here're the screens you'd have to choose from.
The last screen is your Innate Characteristic, basically which stat bonuses you'll want to pick. Depends entirely on which powers you take, really. It's fairly basic. The default for Might is Strength and Constitution, and that works fine for me.
Then comes the fun part: the costume creator. First thing's first:
Wait and see, some day birth's gunna be like this.
Functionally, there's no difference between male and female in this game (like most, I suppose). It's entirely aesthetics and a few minor in-game dialogue tweaks ("get him!" vs. "get her!", stuff like that). However, there do seem to be more varied costume varieties for the male character models than the females. Also, as I'll get into in a second, with the male models you have more options as far as baggy clothes or general alien hideousness than with the females. It's sort of like halloween costumes in real life: guys can be anything under the sun they think would be cool, girls are mostly relegated to slutty profession/animal/theme. I'll touch on this a bit later.
The first two pages of the character creator are the slider section, which is a lot of fun. One page is virtually all aspects of the head, such as nose and eye size height and width, chin breadth and depth, etcetera. This is a fairly familiar system to most games that let you customize your character's head. It's not perfect, but it's more in-depth than most. Here's examples of all the sliders as far as they'll go to the left and then to the right, to give an idea of what all's affected.
Pretty attractive, no? Even more entertaining is the body sliders. However, this might just be me, but I noticed a bit of a problem with the female body sliders, lemme know if you agree.
With these sliders you can decide whether your guy is anything from a strange little wormy creature to a giant hulking mass of mutated muscle, and decide whether your girl is anything from a strange little wormy creature to a giant... cartoonishly exaggerated hotty.
This was pointed out to me by a friend who had set out to make a female version of The Blob (of X-Men fame) but found that no matter what he tried to do with the body sliders, it wouldn't let him make a female with anything but perfect hips and butt, even if her face was a nightmarish Aztec bug-god cyborg.
That's the sliders as far as they'll go one way and then the other. Though you can control most everything else about her appearance, Champions Online won't budge on one thing: all female characters MUST have a waist, hips, and butt you can leer at. Although, considering the target audience and the fact the the character's avatar spends most of the game walking away from you, I guess I can see the reasoning behind it. Creepy though.
You can also change how over-muscled your character is by changing the opacity of their muscle-shadow-texture-thing, which is kind of a neat feature. Goes all the way from what most comics look like (naked and skinless with colored bodypaint) to something approaching what people actually look like in spandex. Since Iron Will's gunna be dressed mostly in tatters most of the time and half of his costume is supposed to be bare skin, I'm going with the most impossibly defined musculature possible, but less ridiculous IS an option.
ANYWAY. After spending about an hour in the sliders section trying to get his head exactly the right size and making at least one character whose entire power is having extremely large hands (who I named "Hans", which continued to strike me as hilariously clever until I sobered up a bit) it's on to the actual costume design. Didn't take many screenshots for this part because, really, there's no point. There are hundreds (thousands?) of costume parts to choose from, and it works sort of like a paper doll. You'll choose a body part (heads, torso-arms, hands, legs-feet) and choose from a number of types of that body part (animal heads, regular heads, heads with hats, heads with helmets, regular bodies, bodies with jackets, bodies with integrated shoulder thingies, bodies with chest armor, humanoid legs, bent-backwards monster legs, robot legs, etc etc.) and pick and choose from a pretty impressive list of costume parts which you can then color and, for the most part, texture to specifications. It's a little buggy at times; certain capes are only available if you're not wearing anything on your chest even though it wouldn't interfere, certain combinations are available for hands that aren't available for feet, etcetera. For example, while making Iron Will, I found that I couldn't go with metal skin legs, as your character has to have some kind of speedo underwear thing, and trying to texture the legs metallic only gave him a metallic speedo over gray skin legs. I worked around it by just giving him metallic tights the exact same color as his skin so there's no glaringly obvious seam, but little problems like that pop up pretty frequently if you're going for something specific. Still, the sheer variety available makes it a pretty damn impressive character creation engine, especially compared with many of the "choose one of six faces, choose one of ten hairstyles, you're good to go!" engine of a lot of MMO's.
Some of the various options available:
But, alas, another of those afore-mentioned inconsistencies pops up. Apparently, you can have shorts and textured skin or textured torn pants and regular skin, but you cannot have regular torn pants and textured skin on the legs.
Too bad, 'cuz those pants is perfect, but I'm way too obsessive to ignore the one weird calf throughout the whole game. After about eight minutes of trying to come up with a plausible explanation for it (maybe he's like Achilles, and he was dipped into the liquid metal that would make him invincible by his calf... and then they like, also dipped his feet in, but not his calves...?) I wound up just scrapping it and going with something similar but avoiding the leg-texture barrier.
Hell yeah, cutoffs. If there's one thing that will never, ever go out of style, it's cutoffs.
Still a bit of a seam between leg and foot, but they're the same color and the same texture, so that's the best we can do. There's actually always a seam between wrists and hands, ankles and feet, and at the waistline whether they're clothed or textured or not, so it's not really anything worth worrying about. ... Well okay, if we're being fair, none of this is anything worth worrying about, but you know what I mean.
The last tab lets you choose their stance and facial expression. There aren't many decent options facial-expression wise, and most of them look a little goofy, so we're going with "normal" and leaving it at that. The stances available are, and I might be getting the names wrong, normal, heroic, huge, beast, and huge beast. Normal's what you see here, hands at sides, looking around benignly, and kind of jogging along when in motion, which works for some, but I'm going Heroic for this guy, which is all clenched fists, wide stance, and puffed out chest, head down straight ahead and charging in motion. Huge does a pretty good job of implying size and weight, as the character is hunched over and clenching his fists widely at either side like he's about to pound something smaller into the ground and stomping around when it moves, and Beast is down on all fours. Huge Beast is just Huge with fingers splayed and jaw hanging open, which is a pretty cool look, but probably should just be a different facial expression option. Ah well.
And last but not least, we pick a name and type in a short bio of the character himself. Names are required, bios are not, so most people I run into haven't bothered, but if they have you can read a character's bio by right clicking their name in-game. Something short and to the point or witty is recommended (by, well, me) if you actually want anybody to read it. About half the people who bother with bios in the first place also bother to write down a long and usually grammatically flawed list of fictional situations their character has been in in the past, often doing very little to describe the character itself, but taking a good three minutes to read through if someone actually wants to, which nobody does. Eschewing a lengthy list of made-up names that he's beaten in the past, I instead try to cram in as many metal-anatomy-related cliches as I can in a paragraph:
"William hasn't been an invincible being composed of pure living metal for long, and honestly, he's not very good at it yet. He got into superheroing mostly because his new abilities had made him a liability in most other fields, due to his embarassing habit of accidentally destroying all but the sturdiest clothes/objects/structures. However, with his nerves of steel, brass balls, silver tongue, and heart of gold, Iron Will is proving much better at his new job than anybody expected, especially himself."
AND WE'RE DONE WITH THE CHARACTER CREATOR!
Next up: Play the damn game, stupid.


As with every leadership calling I've had, my best advice to anyone called as President of an auxiliary is to focus all your energies on loving those you serve and those you serve with. Supporting and relying on wonderful teachers, leaders and counselors makes all the difference in the world. These are not jobs to be done solo, not by any stretch of the imagination. In fact, sometimes the hardest part of leadership is to learn to delegate and trust those you've given opportunities to. But everyone responds positively to love and trust and in my humble opinion, you can't give too much of them. The returns are ten fold.
So where did I start? With the handbook. I sat down with my new presidency and we read the handbook section on Primary together – each of us taking turns reviewing and reading parts specific to our callings individually and collectively. Then we reviewed what our responsibilities were, what resources were already available from the previous presidency and our focus as newly called leaders. We all left that night with a task to think on the things we'd discussed and share ideas at our first Presidency meeting.
Let me just say, in all my callings to date (including YW President), I found Primary President to be one of the most challenging, time consuming and rewarding I've ever had! It seemed to me that it had similar stewardships to YW and RS in that I was responsible for the spiritual and physical welfare of my group, leadership of those helping me with that task, as well as weekly activities and special events. However, it was both of those at the same time plus a yearly Sacrament program and new baptisms as well. By sheer organization and tracking information, my stewardship gave me responsibility over 2/3 of my ward! While I had over 150 children under my stewardship, I also had a cumulative total of nearly 75 adults in teaching or leadership roles as well. Believe me, I felt the weight of this responsibility and it gave me great insight into what our leaders must feel for each of us.
One note on these binders, we found it not only helpful but necessary to keep an extra one for junior and senior primaries for weeks when substitutes were not given the binders/manuals.
Assigning sharing time talks, prayers and scriptures is another fun thing to keep organized. Thank heaven for secretaries!! We used a system of wrist bands. The information was printed onto a piece of paper that was then cut and taped onto children's wrists (with the help of their teachers). We handed these out each week using the method of our Primary mailbox. Each week we took a moment to see who had mail and hand it out. This mail also included special notes from leaders or teachers as well as birthday cards and wishes for our children.
One other valuable tool for me was using Google Docs. This way we all worked from the same master so when changes were made we didn't have to update a bunch of copies or undo work others had done in making changes. The concept of Google Docs is to simply upload or create whatever files you want to share (documents, spreadsheets, etc.) to Google Docs, then invite people to view and/or edit those documents. It was a great way to collaborate and had the bonus of wasting less paper and not having to email files. My entire presidency and Bishopric found the use of this technology extremely helpful. We shared everything from stake calendars and info, to presidency meeting minutes, organization and leadership files, lists and more.
Every President will have their own unique challenges. One of my greatest, and reasons for the files I've created and shared here, was growth and staying on top of staffing needs/changes. My primary grew from about 120 children to nearly 200 within 4-6 months time. With so many changes, our needs and organizing were in constant flux. I found a few systems that really helped me and alleviated stress, allowing me to focus on the spiritual aspects of leadership.
I added a color code for any names to aid in my need to see things at a glance.
Two other things I found that were specific to my calling were the Sacrament Program and Baptisms.
For our program, we sent out an invitation the week before. It was a simple half sheet that was included in that week's sacrament program. (sample: 2010 Sacrament Program).
The baptisms were a big and special event that our Presidency took joy in helping make special. We started the year with a baptism fireside (sample program: Eight_is_Great_Fireside_Program_1_) where we gave every family who had a child being baptized that year a brief overview of what to expect as well as a special binder for each child with fun items to help them prepare for their baptism and record their experiences.
thank you so much for this! I was just called as Primary President and I have little experience with the organization. I so appreciate your insight and helpful ideas!
Thank you so much. I was just called as Primary President and I haven't served in Primary for many years. Reading all this information, I feel like I found a treasure! and I'm as happy as can be. Once again, thank you for your insight and great ideas!
That's so nice, thank you! Good luck to you.
Thank you soo much. I also was just called as Primary President and this has helped tremendously!!! You are wonderful!!!
Just got called into the primary presidency and I needed these ideas to help get us organized! Thank you so much!!!!
I'm so glad you found something of value and help. Good luck!!
Did you use formulas for figuring the months served on your spreadsheet? I am having trouble getting my formulas to work correctly.
As I recall, I think used a template so there may have been some formulas in it. If you've moved or deleted stuff and are having problems, you may just start again with a new one?
Hi, I know things have changed since 2010 but on your rotation chart….What is theme intro? What did you do on that day?


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Articles tagged Kevin Quealy (3)
Ken DoctorMarch 7, 2016
From "service desk" to standalone: How The New York Times' graphics department has grown up
"The graphics desk can publish something on its own and then, the next day, point it out to the national editor and have the value of that piece be apparent."
The New York Times' football bot is ready for its offseason training regimen
Yes, the Vikings should have gone for it on 4th down, and a New York Times robot knows why
The Times' 4th Down Bot, a collaboration with Advanced NFL Stats, analyzes whether your team should punt, kick a field goal, or go for it on fourth down. Justin Ellis
Ellis, Justin. "Yes, the Vikings should have gone for it on 4th down, and a New York Times robot knows why." Nieman Journalism Lab. Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard, 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 9 Feb. 2023.
Ellis, J. (2013, Dec. 6). Yes, the Vikings should have gone for it on 4th down, and a New York Times robot knows why. Nieman Journalism Lab. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/12/yes-the-vikings-should-have-gone-for-it-on-4th-down-and-a-new-york-times-robot-knows-why/
Ellis, Justin. "Yes, the Vikings should have gone for it on 4th down, and a New York Times robot knows why." Nieman Journalism Lab. Last modified December 6, 2013. Accessed February 9, 2023. https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/12/yes-the-vikings-should-have-gone-for-it-on-4th-down-and-a-new-york-times-robot-knows-why/.
| url = https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/12/yes-the-vikings-should-have-gone-for-it-on-4th-down-and-a-new-york-times-robot-knows-why/
| title = Yes, the Vikings should have gone for it on 4th down, and a New York Times robot knows why
| last = Ellis
| first = Justin
| date = 6 December 2013
| ref = {{harvid|Ellis|2013}}


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Eastwood has brought Manly crashing back to earth in the Tooheys New Cup, downing the Marlins 53 points to 20 in their round six clash at TG Millner Field.
The previously undefeated Marlins came into the match with an attacking reputation to uphold and in the opening minutes they confirmed it, with centre Anthony Barrett pulled up inches short of the line.
After weathering the initial storm, the Woodies soon found themselves behind on the scoreboard after prolific Manly winger David Alo picked off an intercept to score his seventh try of the season.
Peter Hewat converted to make it seven-nil Manly.
A pair of Hewat penalty goals gave Manly a handy 13-nil lead midway through the half, while one to Tim Donnelly had Eastwood on the board ten out from half time.
Then a sniping converted try from the scrumbase by Chris O'Young got the Woodies right back into the contest at 13-10 just before the half time break.
With the ascendency swinging their way, Eastwood hit the front a quarter of an hour into the second half courtesy of a Tim Donnelly charge down which resulted in a try to centre James Hilgendorf.
Hilgendorf's five pointer was converted by Donnelly for a 17-13 lead.
The break would prove decisive, with Donnelly and Hilgendorf combining again a minute later for Eastwood's third try.
Taking it to the line after a good forward drive, Donnelly kicked through for his centre who hit the ball at pace to score under the posts.
Donnelly again converted, making it 24 unanswered points for the home side.
Down by 11, Manly's cause was further damaged when scrumhalf Chris Cottee was handed a yellow card for holding onto the ball in a ruck.
In his absence, the Woodies piled on 15 unanswered points through two tries, a conversion and a penalty goal to have the match firmly in their keeping.
A converted try to flanker Gareth Palamo snuffed out Manly's last flicker of hope 13 minutes from time, while Chris O'Young's second five pointer 90 seconds later confirmed the result.
Hewat bagged a consolation try for his side six minutes from time, getting the Marlins back to 39-20.
But Eastwood would have the final say, with two late tries.
James Hilgendorf racking up his hat trick with another try off a Donnelly kick, before Flanker Hugh Perrett brought up the half century with a converted try on the bell to see the final score rest at 53 points to 20.
Manly now head back to the drawing board with the bye to look forward to in round seven, while for Eastwood it's the down and nearly out West Harbour next Sunday at Concord Oval.
EASTWOOD - 53 James Hilgendorf 3, Chris O'Young 2, Gareth Palamo, Hugh Perrett tries; Tim Donnelly 6 conversions, 2 penalty goals.
The Canberra Vikings have moved to the top of the Tooheys New Cup ladder following their nine tries to two, 53-13 victory over Penrith at Nepean Rugby Park.
A tight first half, which ended with Canberra ahead 12-8, gave way to a try fest in the second as Canberra raced away to a big bonus point win.
Winger Eddie McLaughlin and flanker Ben White both crossed for doubles in the Vikings victory.
CANBERRA - 53 Eddie McLaughlin 2, Ben White 2, Alexander Peden, Daniel Callaghan, James Stonham, Jon McGrath, Tim Curran tries; Callaghan 4 conversions.
PENRITH - 13 Luke Williams, Wes Guthrie tries; Wes Guthrie penalty goal.
Sydney University has returned to form with a 40 to 12 victory over Southern Districts at University Oval.
Still stinging from last week's loss to Eastwood, the Students ran in six tries to two to claim a bonus point win.
SYDNEY UNIVERSITY - 40 Nigel Staniforth 2, Gareth Hardy, Tim Davidson, Michael Griffin, Daniel Halangahu tries; Scott Stumbles 5 conversions.
SOUTHERN DISTRICTS - 12 Andrew Moloney, James McCormack tries; Luke Milton conversion.
Two tries to giant winger Kemble Leasu have helped Randwick to a 40 to 17 win over Eastern Suburbs in the local derby at Woollahra Oval.
The 'Wicks set up the victory in the first half, leading 33 points to 3 at half time.
RANDWICK - 40 Kemble Leasu 2, Tim Wright, Paul Hannify, Chris Houston, Fosi Pala'amo tries; Shaun Berne 4 conversions, Luke Sweeney 1 conversion.
EASTERN SUBURBS - 17 Troy Takiari, Rex Tapuai tries; Will Campbell 2 conversions, penalty goal.
A host of home grown greats have watched Parramatta rack up a 21 points to 14 victory over Gordon this afternoon at Two Blues Park.
The likes of dual international Ray Price were on hand to see the Two Blues claim victory in all four grades, including the Tooheys New Cup.
PARRAMATTA - 21 Peleaa Afu, Winnie Paulo tries; Ben Stuart conversion, Josh Weeks 3 penalty goals.
GORDON - 14 Josh Gamgee, Dave Harvey tries; Harvey 2 conversions.
Warringah downed West Harbour 44 points to 24 under lights at Pittwater Rugby Park to continue its climb up the Tooheys New Cup ladder.
They now occupy outright sixth position, leapfrogging the Pirates, after gaining a bonus point for scoring four tries or more.
The Rats led 25-24 at half time and had to withstand 20 minutes of pressure from the Pirates at the start of the second before shutting out the match with three late tries.
For the Rats Clint Eadie scored two tries, while Viliami Fililava continued his run of good form with another two five pointers for the Pirates, taking his tally along to five for the season.
WARRINGAH 44 - Clint Eadie 2, Peter Owens, Lachlan MacKay, Hugh Willoughby, Luke Holmes tries; Josh Keil 4 conversions, 2 penalty goals.
WEST HARBOUR 24 - Viliami Fililava 2, Kieran Massey tries; Kieran Massey 3 conversions, penalty goal.


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Q: Comparing of elements in deque in python Can someone explain me, how works comparing of tree nodes in deque. For example, I pushed two children of two same binary trees in two different deques and I got deque1 = deque([TreeNode{val: 2, left: None, right: None}, TreeNode{val: 3, left: None, right: None}]), deque2 = deque([TreeNode{val: 2, left: None, right: None}, TreeNode{val: 3, left: None, right: None}]), but when I compared them, I got False. Why if two deques includes same nodes they are not equal? Thank you in advance!

A: You are right in thinking that if your deque objects contained equal objects then the two deque instances would also evaluate to be equal. The problem you are running into is that complex objects, like instances of TreeNode, by default are equal only if they are the same object, not necessarily if they have have the same contents. Here is a simplified example:
class TreeNode():
    def __init__(self,val, left, right):
        self.val = val
        self.left = left
        self.right = right

t1 = TreeNode(2, None, None)
t2 = TreeNode(2, None, None)

print(t1 == t2)
print(t1 == t1)

False
True

Take a look at this post for some tips on how to work around the issue.