On the afternoon of Sunday 8th June 2014, Ken MacKenzie and Richard Gledson will set out to walk around the boundary of Parish of Braemar and Crathie. On the face of it this seems fairly straightforward. However, the boundary of the parish is not only in excess of 100 miles long, but also winds its way over four of the highest hills in Scotland. Ken and Richard plan to walk the route in 6 days carrying all their equipment. For Ken, as Minister of the Parish, the walk is a long held ambition, and for Richard, who recently took on the Chairmanship of The River Dee Trust, it is a chance to walk round the upper catchment of the river. The route includes 17 Munros and over the six days the pair will climb in excess of 9,000m - in other words up and down Everest from sea level.
The River Dee Trust is a local community based charity (No. SC028497), which works for the benefit of the River Dee, its wildlife and the Deeside community. Due to the impacts of climate change, intensive land management, in-river works, abstraction and historic deforestation, the future well-being of the River Dee and its wildlife inhabitants are coming under increasing threat. The Trust carries out environmental restoration work which is guided by local needs and backed up with the best technical information. Our key work areas include restoring degraded river and bank side habitat and mitigating against the impacts of climate change. For example we are planting tens of thousands of native trees over the next three years. We also focus on delivering indoor and outdoor education to all ages in the local area and the school's programme currently includes over 30 school visits a year, both in the classroom and out on the riverbank.
The Parish of Braemar and Crathie is one of the largest and most mountainous in Scotland, and though in some places, especially in the high corries, it may not be safe to walk exactly on the boundary line, we are committed to staying within striking distance of the boundary at all times.
In terms of logistics, we feel the best way to tackle this challenge will be to start and finish with the two highest hills, therefore we plan to start on the northern boundary and climb Braeriach. At 1296 meters, Braeriach is the third highest hill in Scotland, and should get us off to a good start.
From this lofty spot we will head south passing the wells of Dee, the Angels Peak and Carn Toul. Continuing south past Monadh Mor and skirting around Ben Bhrontian we plan to drop down into the top of the Geldie. From there we will climb back up onto Carn Ealar; and dropping down into Glen Tilt then up again, we will continue eastward to Carn Bhac, from where we turn south over Beinn Iuthan Mhor and eventually, east again towards the Cairnwell.
From the Ski Centre the route will take us up over Glas Moal, then north over Cairn of Claise, Tolmount ,Fafernie, Car t-Sagairt Mhor and onto Lochnagar before heading down into Glen Girnock via Meikle Pap, and so, back to Crathie Manse. By now beyond halfway, we will be restocking (and hopefully freshening up a bit!) here before heading off once more via the Brown Cow for an overnight stay at Loch Builig.
From there, on what should be our penultimate day, we will head up onto Ben Avon and the north top of Beinn a Bhuird, before dropping down into Larig an Laoigh and on to Loch Etchachan. If things go according to plan we will spend our last night out here. The next and hopefully last day will see us climbing Ben Macdui.
At 1309m, Ben Macdui is the second highest hill in Scotland and seems a fitting place to complete our challenge. We will of course still have to walk out (via Derry Lodge) to the Linn of Dee Car Park – but this is just a short distance from the watering hole of Braemar.


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‣ CHAP. XXVII
CHAPTER XXVII
There has been nothing like a good, fair account of this Autocrat of the Dandies.
Captain Jesse, who published two volumes of Memoirs about him some years ago, could never have seen Brummell, and knew very little of his life, character, and conversation; while the little he did know was only by hearsay. Raikes's account, just published (1856), is by far the fairest I have seen, and yet it scarcely does justice to Brummell's wit and humour, and two or three things seem to me incorrectly stated. Brummell ended his days at Caen, and would have ended them in downright misery but for the Sœurs de Charité. The way in which he lost the consulship was this. Being weary of Caen and of having nothing to do there, he represented to Lord Palmerston that a British Consul was hardly wanted in that place, and that he was very desirous of getting a change by being appointed to some other place where there were English interests to attend to, and where he could be useful and earn the salary he received from his country. Palmerston abolished the Caen Consulship, but would not give Brummell another. If Brummell had not confidently counted on being employed elsewhere, he would never have written this letter to the Foreign Secretary. The pay at Caen was £300 a year; and when it was so suddenly suspended, the aged man of fashion, once the constant companion of Royalty, was left penniless. There were some
CHAP. XXVII] THE DANDIES' INFLUENCE 267
other cases in which Viscount Palmerston was equally hard. Pensions from the Crown have always been considered as safe from the grip of creditors. They are given because the recipients are poor and are likely to be embarrassed. Yet, on the application of a set of Jews and other usurers and cheats, Palmerston stopped and sequestrated the pension of Lady Hester Stanhope, thus reducing her to cruel straits in her Syrian retreat. More lenity might have been expected from him, as Palmerston has been nearly all his life in debt and difficulties himself. Until recently, when his wife had an accession of property, he was considered one of the very worst "payers" in all London. I once heard a St. James's Street hatter tell his valet that he would not send another hat until his lordship should have paid for the many hats he had already had. But London used to ring with stories about Palmerston and his duns, and about his ingenious devices to put off paying. About the same time poor Lord Alvanley was abundantly furnishing similar matter for town talk.
As boy and youth I frequently saw Beau Brummell in the parks and other regions of the West. Though an exquisite dandy, he never seemed to me to be overdressed or stiff, or in any way guindé. His carriage was easy, free, and manly. He was a remarkably well-made man, but his face was scarcely equal to his figure. I quite agree with my friend Mountstuart Elphinstone that English society owed a debt of gratitude to the dandies. When they triumphantly took the field, and for a good many years previously, our young nobility and gentry adopted the dress, and too often the language and manners, of the coach-box, stable, or turf. To be fashionable, was to dress like a coachman or groom. I am quite old enough to remember how widely this coarse, bad, vulgar taste prevailed. It was checked at about the time the Regency of George,
268 BEAU BRUMMELL [CHAP. XXVII
Prince of Wales, commenced in 1810; but it took the dandies more than seven years to subdue and expel it. It was through Brummell, Luttrell, Sir Harry Mildmay, Lord Kinnaird, and a few others—for the original school was very limited in number—that our young men of fortune and fashion began to dress like gentlemen. If some of them overdid it, and were too fastidious and by far too extravagant, this could scarcely be said of Brummell. The stories told of his notions of expense in dress were mere jokes, and were never intended by him to be taken seriously.
One of these tales was, for a long time, in everyone's mouth. A wealthy, old-fashioned country squire, who had a son and heir to launch into the gay world, asked Brummell, one day, what he ought to allow young hopeful for his tailor's bills, or for what annual sum the youngster might be well and fashionably dressed? "Oh!" said Brummell after some consideration, and with a very solemn countenance, "with the strictest economy—mind, I say the strictest economy—it may be done for £1,000 a year."
I saw the Beau, in full feather, rather late one afternoon, in the spring of the year 1815, the day before I took my departure for Portugal. He was evidently just out of bed; or rather, quite fresh from the toilette. So late a sitter could hardly be an early riser. He used to say that, whether it was summer or winter, he always liked to have the morning well-aired before he got up.
A friend of W. S. Rose once gently reproved the Beau for passing so many of the daylight hours in bed.
"Dear me!" said Brummell. "Don't you know that I am quite a reformed man? Now, I always begin to rise with the first muffin bell!" The muffin bell is, I believe, quite silenced through my friend Ben Hawes and his London Street Police Bill, or Bills. At least, I never hear it in the West End of London;
CHAP. XXVII] AT CALAIS 269
but in 1815 the muffin bells began to be heard between four and five o'clock in the afternoon.
The next time, being the last time of all, that I saw Brummell was at an hotel in Calais, in the autumn of 1820, as I was on my way to the south of Italy.
H. and A., two very considerable dandies of that day, who had crossed over with me from Dover, were pupils and almost idolaters of Brummell. They invited him to dinner, but he was engaged, if I remember right, with Scrope Davies, who had taken refuge in that dull old French town. However, he came in towards the small hours, and sat until long after sunrise.
There was a terrible change in other things besides the financial ones; but still he was an elegant, striking man, and became very amusing and rather animated, though he drank but moderately. At times, however, I thought I saw a look of sadness and despondency. There was reason for it. At this moment he was cruelly embarrassed. Before H. left for Paris, he was obliged to administer to some of Brummell's pressing wants, and H. himself was rather "hard up." Brummell's anecdotes were innumerable. They were all told with admirable humour, and most of them with good nature. I can remember only two that were spiteful, or calculated to give pain to deserving persons, and these two I shall certainly not tell. After this symposium, I could understand a good deal of the secret of Brummell's extraordinary success and influence in the highest society. He was a vast deal more than a mere dandy; he had wit as well as humour and drollery, and the most perfect coolness and self-possession. He did not speak harshly of his ci-devant friend the Regent, by this time His Majesty George IV.; on the contrary, he related several clever and two or three kind things of him, and gave him credit for a great deal of natural ability and esprit. He confirmed what Raikes and others have said of the Prince's extraordinary powers
of mimicry. "If his lot had fallen that way," said he, "he would have been the best comic actor in Europe." Brummell confessed to the story of the "stout friend," and to his threat, after his quarrel with the Prince, to go down to Windsor and make the old people fashionable; but he emphatically denied that other common tale, "George, ring the bell!" "I knew the Prince too well," said he, "ever to take any kind of liberty with him! Drunk or sober, he would have resented it, with a vengeance! His vindictive spirit—and he could be vindictive about trifles—was the worst part of him; and where he once took a spite he never forgave. There might have been twenty good reasons for the rupture, but the world always guesses wrong in these matters." If my observations were shrewd and correct, I should say that at this period the Beau did not quite despair of a reconciliation, or at least of some token of the Royal bounty. In the following year, 1821, when the King, on his way to Hanover, landed at Calais, he put himself in his way, in the hope that he might be noticed. I was told that many of the English purposely made room for him, sharing in his hope and expectation that His Majesty would at least recognize him with a gracious smile, which might have the effect of tranquillizing some of his Calais creditors; that the King, who almost touched him as he passed up the pier, must have seen him; that he turned his Royal head another way; and that Brummell turned as pale as a ghost. Falstaff was not so sad when turned off by "sweet Prince Hal." Fifteen years after this, in 1836, my friend W. P., in the course of one of his Cambridge long vacation rambles, put up at Caen for a few days, in the very comfortable Hôtel d'Angleterre. Twice at the table d'hôte he noticed a very quiet, very refined, and on the whole very interesting-looking, elderly gentleman, to whom some of the guests and all the servants of the house seemed to pay unusual attention.
CHAP. XXVII] LAST DAYS IN FRANCE 271
W. P. took him for a French gentleman of the old school, or for some retired diplomatist whose life had been spent in the highest society; but on making inquiry he was told that this was poor Beau Brummell, and that he was then "poor indeed." W. P., being a remarkably quiet, modest, retiring person, made no attempt to draw him out; but he was interested by his distinguished manners, his humility, and apparent submission to his fate. Even the French frequenters of the table d'hôte, or most of them, seemed to be aware that poor Brummell, who could now scarcely pay for his cheap dinner, had lived in all the splendour of London, and had been for years the almost constant companion of the Regent. A few months later, my old friend, Major ——, then fast approaching the end of his days, put up at the same hotel, and went to dine at the same table d'hôte. In the doorway he ran against Brummell, whom he had not seen for twenty years or more. They had been rather intimate in the days of the Beau's prepotency, for the Major had been a man of Fashion; and was always, and even to the last, when very penitent for past misdeeds, a man of pleasantry and wit.
They immediately recognized each other. "On est bien changé," said Brummell, "voilà tout!" He uttered no complaint, but could not conceal his poverty and painful embarrassments. He was no longer the scoffer that he had been; he even seemed to entertain deep, religious convictions.
I believe that he died professing the faith of the Roman Catholic Church. The last friends he had on earth were the Sisters of Charity. Raikes deplores that by his precept and example he demoralized and ruined, in more senses than one, many young men of family and fortune. But is it not at least probable that these extravagant, unthinking fellows would have run the road to ruin if they had never known Brummell; and that, without his acquaintance and tuition, their vices would only have been
more gross and disgusting? For a long time there was a popular belief that the Beau was of very low birth. Even now it is not rare to meet people who believe that he was the son of a footman or valet. Brummell was a "gentleman by birth as well as by education." His father had considerable West Indian property, at a time when such estates were worth holding. He was a man of great address and business ability, the most intimate friend and confidential adviser of Lord North; to whom, during his lordship's Premiership, he acted as Private Secretary. All the time that Lord North remained Prime Minister, Brummell père was courted by the highest of the land, and by all who looked for employment or ministerial patronage. Some of Warren Hasting's letters, which have been published, sufficiently show the importance of Brummell père, and the consideration in which he was held by the first and greatest of our Governors-General in India.
My friend, the late Elijah Impey, son of the Indian Judge, the pet of Warren Hastings, had in his possession many original letters which still more clearly demonstrated the political importance of the Beau's father. In one of these letters, the Governor-General, writing from Calcutta to a friend in London, said, "See Mr. Brummell as soon as you can, for he is active and intelligent, and has more influence than any man with Lord North." This Brummell père left a good fortune to be divided among his children. The Dandy, a younger son, had between £40,000 and £50,000 for his share. Raikes says £30,000; but Brummell always named the larger sum, and Major —— had reasons for believing that his account was the true one. The Brummell family still hold a goodly estate in Essex, where they were known, a few years ago, to my friend Dr. W. Lyall, now Dean of Canterbury. In the winter of 1844, there was an old gentleman staying at Hastings, and driving a four-in-hand. I saw him every day
CHAP. XXVII] SNUFF-BOXES 273
for a week or two; he was attired in the "slap-bang" Jehu style, and had always at his side on the coachbox a tall, masculine-looking woman, wearing a light drab greatcoat with capes. One afternoon I inquired of Lord W. F. who the pair might be. "Don't you know them?" said he. "The driver is Beau Brummell's brother; the lady on the coach-box is the coachman's daughter."
This is like standing up in judgment against a deceased relative; the prosperous squire was reproducing and maintaining what the poor Dandy had put down. What would the Brummell have thought of these coats and capes? *The manners of both father and daughter appeared to be about as rough as their top-covering. Raikes correctly describes the Dandy's taste, or rather passion, for costly or curious snuff-boxes. When the light wooden Scottish box, called the "Lawrence Kirk" box, with the ingenious, invisible hinge, first came out, he immediately purchased one. A day or two after, he was dining at Carlton House, where, among other personages, the Earl of Liverpool, the Premier, and rather a solemn, hard, severe man, was present. At the proper moment, the Beau introduced his new snuffbox, praising its lightness and prettiness, and doubting whether any of them would find out the hinge, or know how to open it.
The Regent tried, but soon gave it up, with a d——. When the others had tried and failed, the starch Prime Minister essayed his skill, taking up a knife to help him. "My lord!" cried Brummell. "Allow me to observe that's not an oyster, but a snuff-box!" The Prince laughed out lustily; the Premier, looking grave, laid down the box, and said there was no opening it.
Brummell, like that late facetious Canon of St. Paul's, the ever memorable Sydney Smith, had a
* From here, to nearly the end, to the phrase "married to the gout," in M.'s handwriting.
knack of dropping into houses and parties to which he had not been invited, and then pretending it was all through absent-mindedness or some mistake. A Mr. and Mrs. Thomson, rather new to "St. James's air," gave a grand rout, and purposely and maliciously omitted inviting the King of the Dandies, of whose satirical tongue they stood in dread. "This Brummell," said Mr. T., "may have the impudence of the devil, but, as sure as my name's Thomson, I will show him a bit of my mind if he comes to our party without an invite! I will show him the way to the door in a jiffy!"
Vain boast! Brummell went, having previously communicated his intention to some of the Dandies who had been invited. As his name was being telegraphed from the hall to the drawing-room, the Beau tripped up the stairs. On the very threshold of the outer saloon stood Thomson, as stern and as determined-looking as Gog or Magog. With his blandest smile and with extended fingers, the Beau said, in dulcet tone, "What! You here, Mr. Thomson? I did not expect the pleasure of seeing you to-night. How is Mrs. Thomson? Ha! There she is, and looking remarkably well!" Here he kissed the tip of his exquisitely gloved hand to the lady, now close to the door, and returning his smile and salute. Thomson was quite nonplussed, and before he could recover himself or say a single syllable beyond "Sir!" the Marquis of ——, Lord ——, and two or three other Dandies, crême de la crême, and devoted lieges of Brummell, arrived and gathered round their chief, and advanced with him into the drawing-room, bowing to the hostess, who was seen whispering to her husband. She must have made it clear to Thomson that it would never do to insult a man who had such great friends as Beau Brummell. When that hero had spent half an hour ingoing round the saloons and in talking with those who he thought worth talking to, he coolly went up to the host,
CHAP. XXVII] THE BEAU'S ASSURANCE 275
who was now quite cooled down, and said: "Dear me, Mr. Thomson, I find I have made a mistake! I was invited to a Mrs. Johnson's! The names are so much alike! John's son, Tom's son! Johnson, Thomson! It is so easy to mistake!" Some of the Dandies laughed, some of the fashionable ladies tittered; Thomson felt that the best thing he could do was to join in the laugh; and Mrs. T., sailing up, said "they were only too happy at a mistake that had procured them the pleasure of Mr. Brummell's company." The Beau chatted a few minutes to the smiling, benignant, highly-flattered hostess, and then went his way to another fashionable gathering. Mrs. T. took care that he should have an invitation to all her future parties.
The late Earl of W., Lady J.'s papa, but very unlike his always charming daughter, was scarcely a man to be joked with. He was proud, punctilious, starch, and grim, expecting more deference and peer-worship than he always obtained.
In filling their houses in the country with company, it was, as it still is, the custom of our magnates to reserve all the best chambers and dressing-rooms for the married couples, and to stow away the bachelors, anyhow, in the attics, or in the turrets, or wings. At Lord A.'s, Brummell had been put into an uncomfortable room, at the very top of the high house, more than once. He went to Lord A.'s in very cold Christmas weather, and before he was quite recovered from an attack of gout.
On his arrival the groom of the chambers was conducting him to his old dormitory. "Stop!" cried the Beau. "I cannot go up and down all these infernal stairs! Is there no room lower down? Here, for example?" He threw open the door of a most comfortable, luxurious apartment, and entered. "Sir," said the groom of the chambers, "this is reserved for the Earl of W., who is expected every minute. The single gentlemen's apartments are——"
"I know! I know! So put Lord W. in one of them, for he is now a bachelor. There! Bring in my portmanteau and dressing-case." The footman who was following did as he was bidden, and the groom of the chambers went off shrugging his shoulders. The Beau then began to unpack and prepare for his elaborate toilette. Hark! The sound of carriage-wheels in the avenue! He fastens the chamber door, and calmly proceeds with his important operations. In a few minutes the voice of Lord W. is heard on the staircase—in the corridor—and then a petulant, sharp rap at the door. "Mr. Brummell! Mr. Brummell!" cries his lordship. "My lord," responds the Beau, "I am dressing and cannot be disturbed. I am in my buffs, in naturalibus." "But this is my room, sir!" "Possession, my lord, possession! You know the rest! You are single, my lord! I am a married man—married to the gout." His lordship went away with an ominous growl, nor was his ill-humour dissipated by being put into an equally comfortable apartment on the same floor. It was not so much that he cared for this room or that, but that he, the Earl of W., should be dislodged by one of inferior rank, by a commoner, by Beau Brummell, was hard to bear or to digest. But the noble, easy, good-humoured master of the mansion only laughed at Brummell's impudence, and long before the company separated, the Beau succeeded in dissipating the Earl's ill-humour. I have heard other stories of equal assurance and equal success. Until he fell upon his evil days, Beau Brummell appears never to have been "put out" by anybody or by anything. When a friend was condoling with him on his first fit of the gout, Brummell said: "Oh! I should not so much care if the gout had not attacked my favourite leg!"
William Arden, second baron Alvanley (1789-1849) The son of Sir Richard Pepper Arden, first Baron Alvanley; he was a friend of Beau Brummell with a reputation as a wit and a spendthrift.
George Bryan Brummell [Beau Brummell] (1778-1840) Dandy, socialite, and sometimes-friend of George, prince of Wales. He spent his later years in France avoiding creditors.
William Brummell (d. 1794) He was private secretary to Lord North, sheriff of Berkshire (1788), and the father of Beau Brummell.
William Brummell (1777-1853) Of Wivenhoe House near Colchester; educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford, he was the elder brother of Beau Brummell and served as High Sheriff of Berkshire.
Emily Mary Cowper, countess Cowper [née Lamb] (1787-1869) Whig hostess, the daughter of Sir Peniston Lamb, first Viscount Melbourne; she married (1) in 1805 Sir Peter Leopold Louis Francis Nassau Cowper, fifth Earl Cowper, and (2) in 1839, her long-time lover, Henry John Temple, third Viscount Palmerston.
Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779-1859) After education in the Edinburgh High School he was in the Bengal civil service (1796); he was ambassador at Kabul (1808) and governor of Bombay (1819-27).
John Fane, tenth earl of Westmorland (1759-1841) Tory peer; he was lord lieutenant of Ireland (1789-94) and lord privy seal (1798-1827). Charles Macfarlane described him as "proud, punctilious, starch, and grim, expecting more deference and peer-worship than he always obtained."
Warren Hastings (1732-1818) Governor-general of Bengal (1774-84); he was charged high crimes by Edmund Burke, initiating impeachment proceedings that continued from 1787 to 1795, when Hastings was acquitted.
Sir Benjamin Hawes (1797-1862) Son of Benjamin Hawes (1770-1861) a Lambeth soap-boiler, and grandson of the philanthropist William Hawes (d. 1808), he was a radical MP (1832-47) and under-secretary for war (1857-62).
Sir Elijah Impey (1732-1809) A classmate of Warren Hastings, he was chief justice of Bengal (1774-89), unsuccessfully impeached in the House of Commons (1783).
Elijah Barwell Impey (1780-1849) The son and biographer of Sir Elijah Impey (1732–1809); educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford, he served briefly in the dragoons and published poetry.
Robert Banks Jenkinson, second earl of Liverpool (1770-1828) The son of the first earl (d. 1808); he was Tory prime minister, 1812-1827, succeeding Spencer Percival.
William Jesse (1809-1871) Information about Captain Jesse appears to be lacking; in addition to a biography of Beau Brummel he published History of the Afghans (1858).
Charles Kinnaird, eighth baron Kinnaird (1780-1826) The son of George Kinnaird, seventh baron Kinnaird; he was Whig MP for Leominster (1802-05) before he succeeded to the title. He was the elder brother of Byron's friend, Douglas Kinnaird.
Henry Luttrell (1768-1851) English wit, dandy, and friend of Thomas Moore and Samuel Rogers; he was the author of Advice to Julia, a Letter in Rhyme (1820).
William Rowe Lyall (1788-1857) English theologian who wrote for the Quarterly Review and edited the British Critic (1816-17); he was dean of Canterbury in 1845.
Frederick North, second earl of Guilford (1732-1792) English statesman who was prime minister 1770-82 and George III's political ally.
Thomas Raikes (1777-1848) English dandy and friend of Beau Brummel; his diary was published 1856-57.
Sir Henry St. John Carew St. John Mildmay, fourth baronet (1787-1848) English dandy, the son of the third baronet and an associate of Beau Brummel; he was MP for Winchester (1807-1818). In 1814 he was involved with a crim. con. case with the Earl of Rosebery; he later became insolvent and shot himself in his residence in Belgrave Square.
Sydney Smith (1771-1845) Clergyman, wit, and one of the original projectors of the Edinburgh Review; afterwards lecturer in London and one of the Holland House denizens.
Lady Hester Lucy Stanhope (1776-1839) Oriental traveler; daughter of Charles Stanhope and niece of William Pitt the younger; she departed England for Egypt and Palmyra in 1810, settled in Lebanon, and never returned.
Henry John Temple, third viscount Palmerston (1784-1865) After education at Harrow and Edinburgh University he was MP for Newport (1807-11) and Cambridge University (1811-31), foreign minister (1830-41), and prime minister (1855-58, 1859-65).
Sarah Sophia Child- Villiers, countess of Jersey [née Fane] (1785-1867) Heiress and Whig hostess, the daughter of John Fane, earl of Westmorland (1759-1841), she married George Child-Villiers, earl of Jersey (1773-1859) in 1804.
William Jesse (1809-1871) The Life of George Brummel, Esq., commonly called Beau Brummel. 2 vols (London: Saunders and Otley, 1844).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Patna: As the 2019 Lok Sabha elections are inching closer, Congress president Rahul Gandhi will address an anti-BJP rally named 'Jan Aakansha' at Gandhi Maidan in Patna on 3 February.
This is the first time after 28 years that the Congress is holding a massive rally in the state without having any alliance.
Congress leader and MLC Prem Chand Mishra said the party has invited top Opposition leaders from across the country to attend the rally.
"It will be a huge rally as the party is holding it after 28 years without any alliance. All party workers, MPs or MLAs have geared up to make this rally a big success. We have invited all Opposition leaders to attend this rally in Patna. People of Bihar have the right to know what the central and Bihar governments have done so far for the poor and common people," he added.
While the NDA in Bihar, led by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar's JDU, has already announced its seat-sharing formula, the Opposition has yet to arrive at a consensus.
BJP, JDU, and LJP have already announced the seat-sharing formula for the upcoming Lok Sabha polls, with the BJP and JDU contesting 17 seats each, leaving six seats for Union minister Ram Vilas Paswan's LJP.


text:
Drama Anime
Yoshino Takigawa, an ordinary teenager, is secretly dating his best friend Mahiro's younger sister. But when his girlfriend Aika mysteriously dies, Mahiro ...
Genre: Action, Mystery, Psychological, Drama, Magic, Fantasy, Shounen
Several generations after the original Yatterman series, Leopard lives with her mother and guardians, Dorothy, Voltkatze, and Elephantus, just outside the ...
Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Drama
Yakusoku no Nanaya Matsuri
Mihara Shouma is a first-year high school student. Shouma hasn't seen his good friend Atsushi in 3.5 years, ever since they lost contact with each other af...
Genre: Drama, Samurai, Sci-Fi
Haruki Kitahara's light music club is on the verge of disbanding. At this rate, the third year's dream of performing at the school festival would never be ...
Genre: Drama, Music, Romance, Slice of Life
The Great War finally came to an end after four long years of conflict; fractured in two, the continent of Telesis slowly began to flourish once again. Cau...
Genre: Slice of Life, Drama, Fantasy
Vatican Kiseki Chousakan
Vatican City—Holy Land of the Catholics. Amidst the land, there is an organization that conducts rigorous investigations on "claims of miracles" from all...
Genre: Mystery, Supernatural, Drama
765 Production Studio manages the unique talents of 13 professional idols as they slowly make their way to the top and become country-wide celebrities. But...
It has always been the aspiration of the Central Tanegashima High School Robotics Research Club to complete the GunPro1, a fully functioning giant robot. F...
Genre: Sci-Fi, Mystery, Drama, Mecha, School
ACCA—a national body of the kingdom of Dowa that provides public services to the citizens of the country—was established as part of the peace settlemen...
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As a child living in the town of Lawless, Angelo Lagusa has witnessed a tragedy: his parents and younger brother have been mercilessly slaughtered by the V...
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Fear, survival, instinct. Thrown into a foreign land with nothing but hazy memories and the knowledge of their name, they can feel only these three emotion...
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This is the story of Natsunosuke Honda, a pro baseball player—a relief pitcher who has been playing pro in a team called Spiders for 8 years. The team op...
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Seinen, Sports
Grisaia no Meikyuu: Caprice no Mayu 0
Having attended Mihama Academy for about a year, Yuuji Kazami has seemingly found his place within the school, but he suddenly decides to pursue a promotio...
Grisaia no Rakuen begins right at the end of the previous installment, Grisaia no Meikyuu. Kazami Yuuji is arrested under suspicion for terrorism. A video ...
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Yuuji Kazami is a transfer student who has just been admitted into Mihama Academy. He wants to live an ordinary high school life, but this dream of his may...
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Grancrest Senki
The continent of Atlatan once again finds itself devoured by the flames of war after a horrific event known as the Great Hall Tragedy. What was supposed to...
Genre: Action, Drama, Fantasy, Romance
Yuu Haruna just moved into town and loves to use Twitter. Out on his way to buy dinner, he bumps into a mysterious girl, Fuuka Akitsuki, who breaks his pho...
Genre: Drama, Ecchi, Music, Romance, School, Shounen
Every day, a young girl wearing a mask stands by the beach and sings a nostalgic melody. After experiencing two sudden heart-wrenching partings when she wa...
Genre: Music, Drama, Romance, School, Shoujo
Freezing Vibration
Ever since the 10th NOVA clash, the Chevalier had concluded that the NOVA have been appearing at a steadier rate and they are losing more Pandoras than the...
Genre: Action, Military, Sci-Fi, Harem, Drama, Romance, Ecchi, Martial Arts, Seinen
Free!: Eternal Summer
Even though it has been a year since the Iwatobi High School Swim Club has been created, new members have yet to join the club. Now that Haruka Nanase and ...
Genre: Slice of Life, Comedy, Sports, Drama, School
Haruka Nanase has a love for water and a passion for swimming. In elementary school, he competed in and won a relay race with his three friends Rin Matsuok...
One year ago, Sagiri Izumi became step-siblings with Masamune Izumi. But the sudden death of their parents tears their new family apart, resulting in Sagir...
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance, Ecchi
Genre: Drama, Psychological
After death, there is no heaven or hell, only a bar that stands between reincarnation and oblivion. There the attendant will, one after another, challenge ...
Genre: Game, Mystery, Psychological, Drama, Thriller
D.C.III: Da Capo III
On the island of Hatsunejima, where spring is eternal, grows a particular large cherry blossom tree. This cherry blossom tree never withers, and is said to...
Genre: Ecchi, Romance, School, Drama
The story centers around an illness-stricken, constantly bullied orphan girl named Minori. After one rainy day, she doesn't turn up at school, having been ...
Genre: Drama, School
Away from home for 10 years, Azuma Kazuki had no idea what was awaiting him upon his return. He certainly did not expect to be attacked by dozens of heavil...
Genre: Action, Sci-Fi, Drama, Mecha
Although her name means "snow white," Shirayuki is a cheerful, red-haired girl living in the country of Tanbarun who works diligently as an apothecary at h...
Genre: Fantasy, Romance, Drama, Shoujo
During the summer of her freshman year of high school, Yuzu Aihara's mother remarried, forcing her to transfer to a new school. To a fashionable socialite ...
Genre: Drama, Romance, School, Shoujo Ai
Chuunibyou demo Koi ga Shitai! Ren
The awkward lovebirds, Yuuta Togashi and Rikka Takanashi are now living together as they enter a new school year, but their adorable relationship remains s...
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance, School, Slice of Life
Wake Up, Girls! Shin Shou
"Wake Up, Girls!" is the story of growth and friendship of seven girls living in Sendai, Miyagi who form the idol group "Wake Up, Girls! (WUG)" and work to...
Genre: Music, Drama
Chihaya Ayase, a strong-willed and tomboyish girl, grows up under the shadow of her older sister. With no dreams of her own, she is contented with her shar...
Genre: Drama, Game, Josei, School, Slice of Life, Sports


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text:
History Of Ely
You are here: Home / Comedy and Disco Night at the Brook – 23rd October 2015
Comedy and Disco Night at the Brook – 23rd October 2015
Sunday 30 Aug, 2015 /in Events /by Karl Bedingfield
Date: Friday, 23 October 2015 – 8:00pm – 11:59pm Comedy and Disco Night at the Brook JARLATH REGAN Award winning comedian Jarlath's credits include Russell Howard's Good News (BBC3) Comedy Central's The World Stands Up, Last Comic Standing on NBC, Live at The Stand Comedy Club (BBC Radio Scotland), The Blame Game (BBC Radio) and The Apprentice You're Fired (TV3). Cost: £10 Contact: The Brook Box Office Telephone: 01353 721 748 or 01353 669 759 Email: info@brookentertainment.co.uk Website: The Brook Location The Brook 49 Brook Street Soham, Ely CB7 5AD United Kingdom See map: Google Maps read more
Tags: brook, brook-street, comedy, Events, google-maps, her-wonderful, music & dance, office, radio, russell-howard, social, umbrella, very-special, wonderful
http://elyonline.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/eol-logo-1.jpg 0 0 Karl Bedingfield http://elyonline.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/eol-logo-1.jpg Karl Bedingfield2015-08-30 10:16:342015-08-30 10:16:34Comedy and Disco Night at the Brook - 23rd October 2015
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Tags: bbc, brook-street, comedy, comedy-central, comic-standing, dance-or-listen, disco-night, Events, her-wonderful, kingdom, music & dance, putney-hill, radio, soham
Ely Cinema - The Hobbit: The desolation of Smaug (12A) 26 January 2014
Ely's Weekend Summer Walks - Ely Through its Architecture Guided Walk
Musical Variety Evening - 8th October 2011
Cromwell and Huntingdonshire - 5th April 2012
WEA Course on The History of Theatre in England starting 24th September 2014
Ely Society - The World of Sundials - 8th April 2015
Nearly New Sale - Goslings Pre-School fundraiser - 21st February 2015
Etheldreda Craft & Food Fair - 31st May 2014
Memories Of Little Downham's 'Lofts' Shop
Wednesday 15 Oct, 2014
I new Ben Lofts very well wen I was a child. I use to live around the corner at one Main Street. My farther Harold use to work for Greens the farmers who's farm is now a Housing...
Friday 19 Sep, 2014
Hi, I'm 65 years old now,and used to play football for Little Downham Swifts reserves when I was 15 many times,Sam Murfitt was the captain. I played a match at Isleham where I broke my...
Friday 22 Aug, 2014
Hi all, I am trying to track down a Mr Murfitt/Murfett (not sure of spelling) who lived in Lawns Crescent in about 1951. I believe he was married and had a daughter. Did anyone grow up in...
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Organ Recital by Othar Chedlivili at Littleport Church – 25th September... Comedy and Disco Night at the Brook – 20th November 2015
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Chapter 13 Water Based EOR in Carbonates and Sandstones: New Chemical Understanding of the EOR-Potential Using "Smart Water"
James Sheng is currently a professor in petroleum engineering at Texas Tech University specializing in oil recovery research. Previously, he was a Senior Research Engineer with Total E&P USA, Team Leader Scientist with Baker Hughes, and a reservoir engineer with Shell, Kuwait Oil Company, and the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development in China. James has authored 2 books, both with Elsevier, over 70 articles, presented over 100 papers worldwide, and earned 4 patents to date. He earned a PhD and MSc from the University of Alberta, and a BSc from the University of Petroleum in China, all in petroleum engineering.


We manufacture straightside presses up to 400Tm, both in one connecting rod and in two connecting rods. We have at your disposal an orientative catalog of straightside presses of one connecting rod with a central guide pin. However, the characteristics of the presses can be changed at the request of the user. The straightside presses with pin of guide allow a greater precision of the guided extending the life of the punches and improving the quality of the pieces. In two-rod presses, please contact us with your needs.
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Schedule an Intro Call or Intake
Schedule Intro Call or Intake
FAQ about the Portal
First Steps & FAQ
Trauma Groups for Women
Pre-doc Psychology Internship
Postgraduate Fellowship
Practicing Antiracism
Telehealth Support During COVID-19
Safe Space Sexual Harassment Groups
Filmmaking to Combat Mental Health Stigma
Socially Conscious Therapists
Inspirational Founder
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Safe Space: WILA + WIF Women's Initiative
Women in Film has partnered with WILA to launch an entertainment industry-specific support group for survivors of sexual harassment. Together, we're ensuring women at all levels of the industry are supported.
Announcement in The Hollywood Reporter
Since October 2017, growing attention has been focused on the stories of countless allegations of sexual harassment perpetrated in the entertainment industry. In response, Women In Film launched a Sexual Harassment Help Line — an integrated program to refer survivors of harassment to attorneys, designated mental health counselors, and law enforcement professionals.
The WIF Help Line partnered with Wright Institute Los Angeles to offer an important resource to survivors, particularly those who cannot afford expensive private treatment or who have inadequate insurance coverage. "Safe Space" is a free and confidential support group for women in the entertainment industry who have experienced sexual harassment, facilitated by therapists who specialize in empowering survivors of trauma and abuse.
About The Groups
Groups meet weekly for five consecutive weeks.
Location: WILA's center in West LA
11845 West Olympic Blvd., Suite 505W
Los Angeles, CA 90064 [map]
Sign Up. We'll Call You.
Best Time(s) to Reach You on Weekdays:
Brief Message
Will you fund this initiative to help women heal?
Marcia Nimmer, LCSW, Psy.D.
Group Supervisor
Marcia is a clinical psychologist and licensed clinical social worker. She received her doctorate from Pacifica Graduate Institute, where she specialized in depth psychology. Marcia is the author of Finding Meaning in Later Life, an exploration into how the second half of life holds hidden gifts and treasures. She is known for her warmth and intuitive style. As a clinician, she enables individuals of all ages to make emotional contact with their authentic inner experience, allowing for growth and transformation.
Ilana Bar-Din Giannini, LCSW
Safe Space Founder & Group Therapies Program Director
"After 20 years working as a professional writer, my decision to train as a psychotherapist came from a strong sense of personal optimism: I believe that people can write -- and change -- their own stories. With the right help and support, even traumatic stories can be reworked and lives reimagined. Social work underscored my sense that we heal best if gently moved from a place of isolation to a place of supportive understanding."
Katherine Smith, LMFT, Psy.D.
Katherine is an LMFT with a doctorate from Pacifica Graduate Institute. She believes therapy is more than just overcoming life's challenges – it is an opportunity for you to explore and create a new relationship to your self. Katherine approaches therapy with kindness, compassion, and humor. She has worked with individuals and couples of diverse backgrounds, sexual orientations, mental health concerns, and integrates social justice and feminist perspectives in her approach to therapy.
Michele Gomes, Psy.D.
Safe Space Co-Founder & WILA Executive Director
Frequently Asked Qs
Who can join Safe Space?
Safe Space is for women of all ages and backgrounds who work/have worked in the entertainment industry in any capacity and have experienced any form of workplace sexual harassment, discrimination, or abuse.
What happens in group?
Each of the five sessions is centered on a topic. The facilitators will briefly introduce and educate members on the topic, followed by a group discussion and space to give and receive support. Group topics will include:
Confidentiality, group respect
Safety: how to reinstate & maintain a sense of safety
Sharing your story while maintaining privacy and boundaries
From a psychological standpoint: What is harassment? What is assault? What is trauma?
Recognizing symptoms and their connections to the event(s)
Resourcing & referrals for ongoing support
Is this group confidential?
Yes. Confidentiality – knowing that what you talk about in group will not leave the room – is the cornerstone of therapy. In all forms of therapy, there are some exceptions to confidentiality and it is important that you know about them. You will receive an Informed Consent document with detailed explanations. In some specific situations, the group facilitators can disclose your private information without your consent. Common exceptions to Confidentiality include:
To protect you or the public from serious harm — if, for example, you discuss intent and plans to attempt suicide or harm another person.
We are required to report ongoing abuse or neglect of children, the elderly or dependent adults (people with disabilities). However, if an adult discloses that he or she was abused as a child, we typically aren't bound to report that abuse, unless there are other children continuing to be abused.
We may release information if we receive a court order. That might happen if a person's mental health came into question during legal proceedings.
Do I have to already be in individual therapy to join the group?
No, it is not required that you be in individual therapy before beginning the group. However, group work can activate strong emotions and memories. Some of this can be processed in a group setting, but depending on the intensity of one's experiences, we may suggest or even require group participants to engage in their own individual therapy for additional support. In such a case, the group facilitators will help you find an individual therapist at WILA (if you require a reduced fee) or provide you with another appropriate referral.
What's the process to join the group?
Contact WILA at 424-371-5191 or email safespace@wila.org and one of our therapists will contact you to do a brief (10 minute) screening call. Each person is carefully screened for appropriate fit by the group facilitators and group supervisors. If it is determined that you may not be a good fit for the group, you will be offered appropriate referrals.
Will I have to share details about what happened to me?
As a part of the screening call and the first group meeting, each participant will be asked to share her reasons for interest in the group. However, we encourage and regularly remind each participant that she has the right to provide as much or as little detail as she is comfortable sharing.
Will I be required to name my perpetrator(s)?
No. Participants will only be asked to share information that they are comfortable sharing, in as much or as little detail as they choose. In fact, during the 1st group meeting, we will discuss confidentiality, safety, and the psychological risks and benefits of sharing what has happened to you.
Is the group really free?
Yes. There is no cost to participants for the entire 5 week group experience. WILA recognizes that providing accessible mental health support services will make an impact on the community's ability to heal and grow in the face of individual and collective trauma.
Who will be facilitating the Safe Space groups?
Safe Space groups are facilitated by pre-licensed therapists enrolled in WILA's Psychology Internship and Postgraduate Fellowship. The facilitators are supervised by licensed mental health professionals on WILA's Teaching and Supervising Faculty with input from WILA's Executive Director, Michele Gomes, Psy.D.
Where do the Safe Space groups take place?
Due to COVID-19, Safe Space groups are conducted virtually online. Otherwise, Safe Space groups take place at our West Los Angeles location which provides a safe, comfortable, accessible, and confidential atmosphere. We are conveniently located at 11845 West Olympic Boulevard, Suite 505W, Los Angeles, CA 90064. Ample street parking is available nearby.
What is WILA's mission?
The mission of Wright Institute Los Angeles (WILA) is to keep high quality, long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy available and affordable. WILA is an affordable alternative for those without adequate health insurance benefits or the ability to pay for expensive private treatment. We remain one of the very few settings in Los Angeles where no limits are placed on treatment length or session frequency. Our aim is to help the individuals, couples, and families we serve lead richer, deeper, more fulfilling lives.
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text:
Since Thomas Aquinas College first opened its doors, students, faculty, and alumni have sought the intercession of St. Joseph for the school's well-being. The College asks members of the Parents' Association to join in a perpetual novena by daily recitation of the following prayer to St. Joseph:
Prayer to St. Joseph
Statue of St. Joseph, a gift of Dr. and Mrs. Ronald P. McArthur
O glorious descendant of the kings of Judah, inheritor of the virtues of all the patriarchs, just and happy St. Joseph, listen to our prayer. Thou art our glorious protector, and shalt ever be, after Jesus and Mary the object of our most profound veneration and tender confidence. Thou art a hidden saint, though one of the greatest of saints, and art particularly the patron of interior souls. In union with all those who have ever been most devoted to thee, we now dedicate ourselves to thy service, beseeching thee, for the sake of Jesus Christ, who vouchsafed to love and obey thee as a son, to become a father to us, and to obtain for us the filial respect, confidence, and love of children towards thee.
O powerful advocate of all Christians, whose intercession, as St. Theresa assures us, has never been found to fail, deign to intercede for us now, and to implore for us the particular intention of this Novena: for the well-being of Thomas Aquinas College.
Present us O great Saint to the adorable Trinity, with Whom thou hast so glorious and so intimate a correspondence. Obtain that we may never efface by sin the Sacred Image according to the likeness of which we have been created. Beg for us that our divine Redeemer would enkindle in our hearts and in all hearts, the fire of His Love, and infuse therein the virtues of His adorable infancy: His purity, simplicity, obedience, and humility.
Obtain for us likewise a lively devotion to thy virgin spouse, and protect us so powerfully in life and death that we may have the happiness of dying as thou didst, in the friendship of our Creator, and under the immediate protection of the Mother of God. Amen.
The PA Newsletter
Letter Home


text:
*Teegla
Book of living stories
D.H. Lawrence on the Antidote to the Malady of Materialism
"Owners and owned, they are like the two sides of a ghastly disease. One feels a sort of madness come over one, as if the world had become hell. But it is only superimposed: it is only a temporary disease. It can be cleaned away."
View Signal Source
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text:
Charles Leslie Stevenson (né le  – mort le ) est un philosophie analytique américain surtout connu pour ses travaux en éthique et esthétique. Il a été professeur à l'université Yale de 1939 à 1946, puis à l'université du Michigan de 1946 à 1977.  Il a étudié en Angleterre auprès de Wittgenstein et George Edward Moore. Parmi ses étudiants, on compte notamment .

Adepte de l'émotivisme, ses publications The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms (1937) et Persuasive Definitions (1938), ainsi que son livre  (1944) approfondissent le sujet et établissent une fondation pour sa théorie de la .

Bibliographie
  (1944)
 Facts and Values (1963)

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
Philosophie américaine
Émotivisme
Liste de philosophes américains

Liens externes

Naissance à Cincinnati
Naissance en juin 1908
Étudiant de l'université de Cambridge
Philosophe américain du XXe siècle
Boursier Guggenheim
Professeur à l'université du Michigan
Décès en mars 1979
Décès dans le comté de Bennington (Vermont)
Décès à 70 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Resume Reading — Preserving a Sense of Wonder in DNA
Ideas Microbiology
Preserving a Sense of Wonder in DNA
A bold project codes human data into microbes that will survive for millions of years.
Virat Markandeya By Virat Markandeya October 28, 2020
Not long ago, Joe Davis, the "artist-scientist" in George Church's genetics lab at Harvard Medical School, was in Brittany,…By Virat Markandeya
Not long ago, Joe Davis, the "artist-scientist" in George Church's genetics lab at Harvard Medical School, was in Brittany, France. The region is known for thousand-year-old salterns that produce fleur de sel, or flower of salt—salt that forms as seawater evaporates. Davis was there sampling these brightly colored ponds with a microscope, and found in the shallow waters an abundance of diverse halophiles, organisms that can grow in and tolerate saline conditions. "I wondered what happens to these organisms," he said. "The salt is evaporating, the water's gone. The organisms aren't just going to disappear. Where are they?"
Back in the United States, Davis procured a range of artisanal salts and sterilized them. The wizened 69-year-old, with a Gandalf-like demeanor and a do-it-yourself ethos, wants to preserve information for eternity. In 1986, he was the first to demonstrate that information could be stored in genes. Ones and zeros of digital information are mapped onto sequences of the four nucleic acids of DNA, synthesized, and inserted into cells. Scientists retrieve the DNA, sequence it, and with the proper index, read its coded instructions. Davis is encoding the top 50,000 Wikipedia pages into an apple gene, creating a perpetual tree of knowledge. Working with scientists at the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico, he beamed the genetic sequence for the most abundant protein on Earth, critical to photosynthesis, to nearby stars.
GANDALF CREATES A GMO: Artist Joe Davis believes he's found a sturdy preservative to house a record of humanity, a microbe that can reliably communicate something of ourselves to whoever might receive it beyond our solar system. Florian Voggeneder / Flickr
Davis learned the microbes were being entombed in the salt crystals—and could be cultured. It seemed strange to him that one of those salts was from close to the Himalayan Range, in Pakistan. The Himalayan salts, or halite as the mineral is called, were—if the provenance is authentic—ancient. These are salts that, based on geological, paleontological, and geochemical evidence, haven't been re-dissolved and re-crystallized since their initial deposition. That implied that the pristine microbes that lay in the Himalayan salts were from the Permian to the Cambrian age. "That blew my mind," Davis said. "Wait a minute, these can't be from a quarter of a billion years ago."
Davis has collected Permian salts, several hundred million years old, from mines in Germany and Austria, and salts from the deepest salt mines in New York, with the aim of knowing whether he could grow microbes from them. On this trip in France he may have rediscovered what a growing body of scientific literature had been suggesting for decades: That it may be possible to revive millions-of-years-old microbes. These microbes had been surviving in a desiccated state, not yet dead but having reduced their metabolism to the minimum, carrying out only what are called basal functions.
This means that, in some sense, these microbes opt out of natural selection. Microbes surviving for millions of years in deep dormancy upend evolution. They do not develop advantageous traits, which would require growth and division. Instead they become the equivalent of "seed banks." Such ancient microbes exist entombed in salt crystals and at the bottom of the ocean, in oxygen-deficient, hydrogen sulphide-rich environments. Wading in the salterns, Davis realized he had found resilient biological carriers that could store genetic information across vast stretches of time.
From analyzing this core, you're going from a modern environment all the way to an ancient environment.
In a 2020 paper, posted to bioRxiv in February, Davis and his colleagues propose that archives of digital information created by tinkering with DNA base pairs can be inserted into halophiles in vivo and preserved, intact, in crystalline mineral salts for "indefinite periods of time."1 In September 2019, Davis exhibited a genetically modified Halobacterium salinarum—a particularly hardy microbe, hardier than E. coli—at an art biennal in Russia. The theme was "Immortality." ("The discussion of immortality is a reason to talk about cultural memory, and about ways to keep human identity intact on the winding thread of life," the program stated.) When Davis compared Hsal from ancient salts to contemporary samples grown from salterns, they were similar if not indistinguishable.
The mechanism the Hsal uses to protect itself from radiation is similar to Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacterium known for its radiation resistance. Each of Hsal's cells carries 25 copies of its chromosome, which fragment and reassemble after a high radiation dosage. The Hsal cells have been shown to survive a dosage 18 times higher than the dosage that kills most E. coli cells, the digital-information carrying capacity of which Davis has also studied. Davis led a three-day workshop at the biennale, allowing participants the chance to create "the most stable and long-lived archive of messages from humankind, using salt from Tyretskoe deposit and message-bearing halophiles."
Around the time Davis was in Russia, Terence McGenity, a microbiologist at the University of Sussex, and his students went down to another deep salt mine, the Boulby mine, the deepest mine in the United Kingdom. It has a dark matter laboratory located in it. "The salt cuts out a lot of cosmic radiation, and so you're getting low background," McGenity said. This is one way in which the Hsal protects itself. "They survive much better when they are entombed in halite."
Hsal are known to inhabit fluid inclusions, pockets of liquid within the salt crystal. These hypersaline environments, pockets of brine from which the salt crystallized, are what cause the crystals to be cloudy. The Hsal's enzymatic machinery is adapted to this saline environment, and so what causes the Hsal cells to burst is an unexpected antagonist: fresh water. It's their "kryptonite," as a Science news report put it.2 The cells need to maintain osmotic balance. There is a range with sea water, saline water, and freshwater, not an all-or-nothing. But fresh water is at the deadly end of that range. "You have a massive osmotic shock," says McGenity. "… and pop, the cell bursts."
Also in Microbiology
What Defines a Stem Cell?
By Jordana Cepelewicz
For the past three years, researchers at the Hubrecht Institute in the Netherlands have been painstakingly cataloging and mapping all the proliferating cells found in mouse hearts, looking for cardiac stem cells. The elusive cells should theoretically be able to...READ MORE
In 1928, a University of California, Berkeley scientist named Chas Lipman suggested that he had discovered living microbes in pre-Cambrian rocks.3 Lipman's investigations turned to anthracite coal derived from Wales and Pennsylvania, which he sterilized with Superoxol in a "hot oven" for more than two days at temperatures of 160 to 170 degrees Celsius. Lipman later claimed that "the microorganisms found in coal are actually survivors, imprisoned in the coal at the time it was formed, from material which originally was probably very rich in microorganisms since it was peat-like in nature."
To find microorganisms in coal would be to find viable life in what is today called the Deep Biosphere. "The definitions of the Deep Biosphere are not universal but we tend to mean the habitat that is contained beneath the surface of the Earth," said James Bradley, a geobiologist at Queen Mary University of London. Bradley argues that aspects of the marine biosphere, part of the larger deep biosphere such as marine sediments, are analogous to the salt crystal setting of the Hsal. Species here become trapped and buried in a severely energy-limited environment.
When we go beyond the top 10 centimeters where animals tend to be burrowing, there's very little mixing and reworking of the marine sediments, he said. There are marine locations which have not had significant perturbations for millions of years.
These habitats are hard to mimic in the laboratory given their extreme energy limitations. Among the habitats that Bradley studies is the South Pacific Gyre. The crew of the ship JOIDES Resolution drilled a long vertical core from the gyre, wearing masks to protect themselves from the hydrogen sulphide gas the core emits. Such cores can be hundreds of meters long, taken up in sections.
If even a few of these zombie-like microbes survive across geological time it has deep implications for life in the solar system and beyond.
"From analyzing what is contained in this core, from the top of it to the bottom of it, you're going from a modern environment, all the way to an ancient environment," said Bradley. From the South Pacific gyre, the cores can date upward of 95 million years old.4 The hydrogen sulphide is a byproduct of metabolism. That this is measured is a "good indication we have living and breathing organisms that are surviving in this habitat," he said. In a 2018 paper, writing about the Deep Biosphere, Bradley noted, "the fitness of a microorganism may not be determined by its growth, but rather its ability simply to stay alive."5
He is particularly interested in understanding what the energy limits may be for such organisms. "That is a tough line to draw," he said, "because the amount of energy that these organisms are processing is so close to zero." There is an energetic shift from when organisms are in growth mode and move to maintenance mode, and then to what Bradley calls a "deeper state of dormancy." He said, "It's reduced its basal maintenance energy requirement to even lower than it was previously, where it was not growing."
A human typically runs on 100 watts of power while an organism from the deep subsurface theoretically may run at about 10 to the power of -21 watts. "So that's more than a hundred billion-billion, I'm not sure how many billions…" times lower than the power that a human runs on, he said. The -21 is a theoretical limit though, and Bradley estimates that organisms would be subsisting at a higher power threshold.
Bradley points to a surreal aspect. Experimentalists struggle to grow and culture these ancient organisms. To his knowledge, the time taken for them to revive has taken up to 1,000 days. For organisms that did not revive, it is possible that the variable that's missing is not nutrients but time for the super-slow organisms to grow. "We might be testing conditions in the lab over too small a time scale," he said.
While the majority of these zombie-like microbes may not be viable, if even a few survive across geological time it has deep implications for life in the solar system and beyond. Salty environments are thought to be aplenty. New observations suggest brine lakes exist near Mars' South Pole.6 Halite has been found in Mars meteorites since at least the early 1980s. Europa, a moon of Jupiter, and Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, are other prime candidates with expected briny habitats. The dwarf planet Ceres, in the asteroid belt, is an active ocean world.7 Plumes from Enceladus may provide samples with a total mission time of only thirteen-and-a-half years.
Davis, who finds it convenient to keep the Hsal as salt crystals on a shelf, had named his Hsal art exhibit Koschei the Deathless, after an evil wizard in Russian folklore. Koschei is supposed to have hidden his evil soul in the tip of a needle concealed in an egg inside a duck that flies away when pursued. This thingamajig was then buried in a chest on an island that would appear and disappear with alternating tides.
Koschei inspired some of the objects that Davis and his team, relying on a technique called vector encoding, inserted into the Hsal DNA. They also stored a 3-D origami double helix and a 4-D hypercube known as a tesseract. The digital information carries a sense of wonder, poetically conjuring an ancient myth about immortality. In the preprint, there is a quote from Aristotle's Poetics: "You have to reveal yourself to yourself before you can reveal yourself to anyone else."
"I expected my colleagues to censor all my poetic comments but they loved it," Davis said. He muses that if the Hsal can survive across geologic time, it could be harnessed for interstellar messaging. "A biological carrier would be permanent—hundreds of millions of copies, for hundreds of millions of receivers."
Virat Markandeya is a science writer based in Delhi.
1. Davis, J., et al. In vivo multi-dimensional information-keeping in Halobacterium salinarum. bioRxiv (2020). Retrieved from DOI: 10.1101/2020/02/14/949925
2. Nadis, S. Hardy microbe's DNA could be a time capsule for the ages. Science sciencemag.org/news (2020).
3. Lipman, C.B. Living microorganisms in ancient rocks. Journal of Bacteriology 22, 183-198 (1931).
4. Morono, Y. Aerobic microbial life persists in oxic marine sediment as old as 101.5 million years. Nature Communications 11, 3626 (2020).
5. Bradley, J.A., Amend, J.P., & LaRowe, D.E. Survival of the fewest: Microbial dormancy and maintenance in marine sediments through deep time. Geobiology 17, 43-59 (2019).
6. O'Callaghan, J. Water on Mars: Discovery of three buried lakes intrigues scientists. Nature News (2020).
7. Editorial. A revealing last glances at Ceres. Nature Astronomy 4, 723 (2020).
Lead image: metamorworks / Shutterstock
Science Practice How Eugenics Shaped Statistics
Psychology How to Stop Feeling Crushed for Time
Microbiology Preserving a Sense of Wonder in DNA
The Joys of Being a Stoic
By Massimo Pigliucci
Do We Share DNA with ET?
By Daniel Oberhaus
Is the Search for Dark Matter an Act of Faith?
By Robert MacFarlane
The Beckoning of the Ice Worlds
By Corey S. Powell


The quarter rest (or crotchet rest). It denotes a silence of the same duration as a quarter note. It typically appears as the symbol and occasionally as the older symbol .
What I will say applies only to the Windows version of Encore.
Select the Chord tool ("C") and set the font to Anastasia and the point size to something large (I would suggest you first try 24 points).
Open the Windows Character Map and select the Anastasia font.
Find the rest you need (see more below). Click on it. Click on Select and then on Copy.
Select the chord tool and click on the score where you want the symbol. The Chord symbol dialog will open.
OK the dialog to deposit the character on the score.
Last edited by Doug Kerr on Sat Sep 27, 2008 12:56 pm, edited 1 time in total.


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My first house in Auchinairn was a scheme shaped like a horseshoe, When I lived there in the 50's the Irish names of the families were in the majority in that scheme.
Dempsey, Shields, McCann, Maguire, Laverty, Cassidy, Sally, McGraw, Rooney, Carrigan, McKinstry, Macateer, Mulherne to name a few.
I recently came across a genealogy website about the North Lanarkshire town of Coatbridge just to the east of the city of Glasgow.
I've often wondered what effect the large number of Irish immigrants to Glasgow has had on the Glasgow accent and the famous Glasgow Patter.
Although the Scottish terms 'Maw' and 'Paw' are commonly used in Glasgow for mum and dad, the Irish terms 'Ma' and 'Da' are also commonly used and sometimes even the affectionate Irish term 'Mammy' can be heard in Glasgow's streets.
The famous Glasgow insult for a stupid person - eejit - originates in Ireland.
In most parts of Scotland the word 'floor' is pronounced 'flair'.
The word 'ken' as in 'Dae ye ken?' is heard all over Scotland but not in Glasgow. You don't have to travel far from the Glasgow area before you start hearing people saying 'ken'. eg Ayrshire, Stirling, Edinburgh.
In fact, 'ken' was probably once used in Glasgow but its use died out in the late 1800s. (Irish influence again?) I suspect Glaswegians considered 'ken' a word for Teuchters (rural Scots).
Glaswegians use the proper English word 'know'!
Most Scots refer to Glasgow as Glezgae.
Glaswegians, however, pronounce their home city's name with a soft 's' : Glesca.
There is an interesting website on Glasgow Patter by John Walker, from which I got some of the above ideas. To see it do a GOOGLE search for GLASGOW PATTER WALKER.
Since most of the Irish immigrants to Glasgow came from the northern counties of Ireland, Walker discusses how Lallans and Ullans have both influenced the way modern Glaswegians speak.
Ya eejit. Get aff the flerr!
Interesting stuff Paul..I was aware of the difference in dialect from Glasgow to other nearby areas but was glad to hear why!
I remember my older sister in law from Kirkintilloch (although from Irish ancestry, that had settled in Campsie) referred a party as a "pairty". One of those things you remember from childhood.
My great aunt from Fife (married to my great uncle Neil Bonar) was different story altogether, I used to watch her slack jawed as she spoke in the Braid Fifer accent!.
Once again Paul, interesting reading. I had an Irish Dad myself.
Casey:- From an Irish surname which was derived from Ó Cathasaigh meaning "descendent of Cathasaigh". The name Cathasaigh means "vigilant" in Gaelic.
Cummiskey:- Spelling variations include: Cumiskey, Comisky, Cumisky, Comiskey, MacCumiskey, MacComiskey, Cumiskie etc.
First found in Monaghan where they were anciently seated but more recently in Longford, Cavan and Westmeath.
These are the other names in my family tree:- (I don't know how many are Irish).
Carr, Cartmill, Chalmers, Clark, Conly, Connelly, Cook, Croal, Dingwall, Duffy,Gardner, Gilliland, Gordon, Hart, Holmes, Kelso, Livingston, McConnell, McKean, Marshall, Morrison, Roache, Sproul, Turbitt, Williamson and Young.
Does anyone have any interesting info to report on any of these names?
Casey and Cummiskey are certainly Irish surnames as are Carr, Conly, Connelly, Croal, Duffy, Hart and Roach.
I would say most of the other surnames you have listed are of Lowland Scots origins. Of these Scots surnames, I know Holmes, Morrison, Sproul, McKean and McConnell are commonly found in Ulster, as are possibly a couple of the others.
Sue, you have a 'mix' of surnames that are probably shared by most Glaswegians.
Young is also well established in Ulster. but like so many names can be very much Scottish.
Fascinating! Noo, heers a wee place ye might enjoy taking a gander at.
Kent ah hud a few droaps o Irish blood in me, but never kent wan oh my ancesters might huv been a Bishop in Ireland!
Wow Paul thanks... I kinda guessed that most of them originated in Ireland... But haven't checked them all out yet... Will look in detail soon to add info to my family tree.
In those census returns where the Irish county of birth was given, I would say that around 90% of them mentioned a county from the ancient Province of Ulster:- Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Derry, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Monaghan and Tyrone. Undoubtedly, the county which appeared the most was County Donegal, followed by probably County Down. There were also a few non-Ulster counties mentioned such as Mayo, Sligo, Louth and Wexford.
I think most of the 19th century Irish immigrants to Britain from the southern counties of Ireland went to places such as Liverpool via Dublin. Most of the Irish immigrants to Britain from the northern counties of Ireland settled in the Glasgow area via Belfast and Derry. There was a famous boat that used to bring many Irish immigrants to Glasgow called the Derry Boat.
Hi Paul, am wondering if "The Derry Boat" would have passenger lists, as my g/parents came to Glasgow after marraige 1873.from Co. Tyrone.
I think the Derry Boat was actually a cattle boat that used to operate between Derry and Glasgow. It would also transport some 'human' cargo! I doubt there were any passenger lists.
There was another area of Glasgow in which many of the early Irish immigrants - those that came in the immediate aftermath of the Irish Potato Famine - settled in the late 1840s and early 1850s. It was an inner city area known simply at the time as District 14.
District 14 was described by newspapers of the time as a human cesspit and it was certainly Glasgow's worst slum area in the mid to late 19th century. However, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it had been superseded by the more famous Glasgow Irish ghettoes - the Gorbals and the Garngad.
A few years ago, I read the introduction to a biography of the famous American actor/dancer Gene Kelly - Eugene Curran Kelly (born 1912, died 1996) - of 'Singing in the Rain' fame. The biography said Gene Kelly's (great)grandfather emigrated from Ireland (possibly Donegal) via Derry to Scotland in the mid 19th century and spent a short time working in the Dunfermline area - if I am recalling correctly - before moving on to Pittsburgh in the United States.
I mentioned in an earlier post that Kelly and Docherty are the 1st and 3rd most commonly found Irish surnames in Scotland respectively. Most of the Dochertys in Scotland originate from the Inishowen Peninsula in northeast Donegal. Many of the Kellys in Scotland originate from southeast Donegal (around Ballybofey) and west Tyrone (around Strabane).


I'll be the New Kid on the Color-Block if it means I get to wear this sweater! Color block is such a trend right now and we love the brightness and pops of color during the fall and winter season! Pair this with anything in your closet! These are sized small/medium and medium/large and our model is wearing a size S/M!


I am excited to share Stacie and Ryan's wedding on the blog today! After days and days of rain it finally let up for their perfect wedding. Stacie's mom is a hair dresser and did Stacie's hair (that is sure a bonus as a bride) and I might add she did a wonderful job! Stacie and Ryan opted for a first look at Frank Fetch Park in German Village, followed by a lovely ceremony at The Vue, a somewhat newer, modern/urban venue, in Columbus, Ohio. Stacie cried the entire walk down the isle and was met by her handsome groom who was just as emotional. It was so sweet! The evening followed with a lot of dancing, laughter and lots of yummy sweets from the dessert table! Stacie and Ryan, you guys were so fun to work with, wishing you lots of love and laughter filled days!


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Zama Masondo: Top football commentator graduates cum laude aged 72!
Legendary football commentator Zama Masondo has defied the odds to graduate cum laude with a master's of Arts degree in African languages.
Masondo, who has been a sport commentator since the early 1980s, began his tertiary education in 2009 where he pursued a degree before completing his honours, and most recently a master's degree.
READ | EXCLUSIVE: DONE DEAL AS STUART BAXTER COMPLETES KAIZER CHIEFS RETURN!
Aged 72, Masondo said he decided to further his studies to show the younger generation that everything is possible, adding that he did this out of his satisfaction.
While he admitted that he's not studying to get employment, Masondo wouldn't rule out the possibility of being a board member in different companies provided the salary is good.
READ | KAIZER CHIEFS RESPOND TO SUPPORTERS' MEMORANDUM OF DEMANDS
"I wanted to show them that education is empowerment. But most importantly, it feels good to say to people, 'I'm a proud holder of a master's degree'," said Masondo as per SowetanLIVE.
"This master's degree will go a long way when I become a board member in different companies. I'm not looking for employment but I can make an exception if they are paying well. I'm doing all this for my own satisfaction because I will be running my own business that I don't want to talk about it at the moment," he said.
READ | KAIZER CHIEFS LATEST | BERNARD PARKER WANTS MORE THAN JUST A PLAYER CONTRACT
Speaking about the difficulty of juggling both his TV work and studies, Masondo admitted that it hasn't been easy as he had to carry his study material everywhere he has been.
"It was difficult but I spent most of my time at that Unisa library in Pretoria. I was there almost every day. Even at work, I spent most of my time studying.
READ | KAIZER CHIEFS LATEST | 'BAXTER'S RETURN WON'T MAKE THE WORLD SHINE BRIGHT'
"When I travel with TV commentary work, when the match ends I will get to the hotel and start studying from 11pm until 2am in the morning. When I got to the airport before I flew I would study," added Masondo.
Masondo isn't done yet as his next target is to acquire a PhD qualification in African languages, and he aims to start that journey in 2022.
READ | KAIZER CHIEFS MAKE R14.5 MILLION IN EARNINGS FROM BITTERSWEET SEASON!
"I am going to continue with the topic when I start my PhD next year because I cannot wait to be called Dr Masondo," he concluded.
Masondo is currently working for SuperSport TV where he does football commentary in IsiZulu.
Previous Springboks RG Snyman and Damian De Allende BURNT in fire-pit accident!
Next Brave or brash? Zweli Mkhize to make public appearance on Tuesday


text:
The heady, hedonistic Los Angeles band that founded and headlined the original Lollopalooza festival is a natural fit for Bumbershoot's adventurous audience. With their trademark hybrid of psych, rock, tribal, and punk, Jane's Addiction signaled the rise of alternative rock in the late '80s and '90s. They made their triumphant return in 2011 with The Great Escape Artist, a new album produced with TV on the Radio's Dave Sitek, who joins them as a bassist.
This performance will be ASL interpreted.
Bumbershoot Mainstage KeyArena


Get ready for summer fun with a throwback twist!
Campers will be immersed in the world of animation exploring different formats used to create their own works. From traditional hand drawn animation, paper animation, collage, stop-motion claymation, working with DSLR and Hue cameras and 16mm Direct animation featuring a special day of working with our in-house projectionist and projector! All campers will leave camp with a reel of their animations easily shareable with family and friends!
All films & creative projects completed in ASoF camps will screen for the public as part of our annual Loud & Clear Youth Film Festival at Alamo Drafthouse in August 2019. All camps are a flat fee of $275 with no additional costs and include a free summer camp t-shirt for each camper registered.
ALL DAY CAMPS: KIDS CREATE (5-7 yr olds) are all day one week camps from 9am - 5pm.
LUNCH & SNACK BREAK: all camps will have multiple scheduled snack breaks & a lunch break from 1pm - 2pm every day.
KIDS CREATE camps are uniquely designed for 5-7 yr old children to explore visual arts, media creation, digital filmmaking and animation, offering an exciting range of media arts experiences for your child. Led by experienced industry professional media artists, KIDS CREATE offer children the chance to create their own films, explore the vast world of animation, capture their imagination through the art of photography and more.
Campers will walk away with not only a newfound skill-set in media arts & film but also the accomplishment of having created new original artworks. They will build meaningful connections with fellow campers, working together to learn and create.