Most weekends me and my partner find ourselves stumped for ideas on what to do together as the weekend is the only time we get to fully relax together. While brainstorming for ourselves I have come up with 10 date night ideas which may helps others of you out there who just have no idea what to do with yourselves. A good idea for this if you want to expand on the 10 I have listed below you could keep a jar with these ideas written down on bits of paper and when you are stuck for something to do you can just pull one out and bam! Instant idea!


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Documentary on world referendum now on the web
Are you ready for global democracy?
The documentary film "World Vote Now" that premiered three years ago and runs over 77 minutes was now released in full length at vimeopro.com.
The movie that was shot from 2001 to 2009 in 26 countries explores the possibility of a world referendum and features interviews with people from all walks of life. What do ordinary people around the world think about global votes? What about the idea of giving every person an equal say? These are some of the questions that filmmaker Joel Marsden pursued.
"The fundamental and simple idea behind the film is that if democracy is such a beneficial way to improve the governance and development of so many countries and their people, why not try it at the global level as well? When we made World Vote Now nobody could have predicted that there would be democratic revolutions and mass uprisings from Egypt to Wall Street, from Spain to Russia. People everywhere want change! The time has never been more ripe for a global democracy than now," Joel Marsden told us on the occasion of the movie's internet release.
Filmmaker Joel Marsden with U.S. Secretary of State in 2010
Together with MEP Graham Watson and the Club of Rome-EU Chapter, we hosted a presentation of the movie in the European Parliament in Brussels (here's a report). In 2010, the film won the Democracy Video Challenge, sponsored by the U.S. State Department. It's great that it can now be watched on-line. The documentary appeals to emotions and is wonderfully suited to popularize the idea of global democracy.
Watch the movie here:
In English or in Spanish.
© 2023 Campagne pour une Assemblée parlementaire de l'ONU

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This Audit Report contains information pertaining to the audit of the committee, Michael Sweet for District 6 Supervisor, Identification Number 1244465 ("the Committee"), for the period from January 1, 2002 through January 31, 2003. The audit was conducted to determine whether the Committee materially complied with the requirements of the Political Reform Act ("the Act") (California Government Code Section 81000, et seq.) and San Francisco's Campaign Finance Reform Ordinance ("CFRO") and Electronic Filing Ordinance (S.F. Campaign and Governmental Conduct Code Sections 1.100, et seq., and 1.300, et seq.).
For the period covered by the audit, the Committee received $42,824 in contributions and $37,205 in public funds, and incurred expenditures of $78,976. The law provides that any candidate who receives public financing must return unexpended campaign funds to the Election Campaign Fund up to the amount of public funds received by the candidate. The Committee had unexpended funds of $928.75, which it must return to the Election Campaign Fund.
There was one material finding with respect to this Audit: the Committee failed to file Itemized Disclosure Statements for five mass mailings, in violation of S.F. Campaign and Governmental Conduct Code Section 1.161.
The Committee was formed in April 2002 to support the election of Michael Sweet for Member, Board of Supervisors, District 6, in the November 5, 2002 general election. Dayna Bender was the Committee's treasurer. As stated above, the Committee received public financing for Mr. Sweet's 2002 supervisorial campaign.
San Francisco Charter Section C3.699-11 authorizes the Ethics Commission to audit campaign statements that are filed with the Commission. San Francisco Campaign and Governmental Conduct Code Section 1.150(a) requires that the Commission audit all candidates who receive public financing. Audits of publicly financed candidates include a review of campaign statements and other relevant documents to determine whether the candidate complied with applicable requirements of State and local law.
The Political Reform Act defines mass mailings as 200 substantially similar pieces of mail sent within a calendar month. Section 1.161 of the S.F. Campaign and Governmental Conduct Code requires any candidate for City elective office who pays for a mass mailing that advocates for or against candidates for City elective office to include on the mailing the statement "paid for by ______(insert candidate's name and street address)" in not less than 14-point type and in a color or print which contrasts with the background so as to be easily legible. The candidate must also file with the Ethics Commission a clearly legible original or copy of the mass mailing and an Itemized Disclosure Statement within five working days after the date of the mailing.
The Committee did not file Itemized Disclosure Statements for Mass Mailings. From a review of the invoices and receipts, the auditor determined that there were five mass mailings for which the Committee should have filed Itemized Disclosure Statements for Mass Mailings.
With regard to this matter, Mr. Sweet stated that on May 9, 2002, he attended a workshop offered by Ethics Commission staff, at which there was no discussion of the requirements regarding mass mailing disclosures. Thereafter Mr. Sweet retained a Sacramento-based campaign consultant to whom he presented materials from the May 9 workshop. The materials did not make reference to the new requirements in section 1.161, which took effect in August 2002. Mr. Sweet also stated that although the Ethics Commission subsequently sent notifications to campaigns regarding the new requirement, neither he nor his campaign treasurer understood that the requirement was inconsistent with the guidelines that they received at the May 9 workshop.
Mr. Sweet added that his Committee intends to file the required itemized disclosure statements shortly and that he has asked the consultant to gather the information necessary to make such filings.
Through the examination of the Committee's records and campaign disclosure statements, the auditor identified one material finding: the Committee failed to file Itemized Disclosure Statements for five mass mailings, in violation of S.F. Campaign and Governmental Conduct Code Section 1.161.
 The unexpended funds were calculated by subtracting qualified campaign expenditures such as unpaid bills and monthly bank account maintenance fees from the amount of cash that the Committee had on hand on the 30th day following the election in which the candidate was elected or defeated. On December 5, 2002, the Committee's reconciled cash balance was $1,073.05. Thereafter, the Committee incurred qualified campaign expenditures such as monthly bank fees from December 2002 through November 2003, for a total of $144.30.


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NNPC to open 'largest' cooking gas facility in Benin City.
Ayomide Oyewole
The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is to open a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage and dispensing facility in Benin City, Edo State.
The facility, developed in partnership with its upstream exploration and production subsidiary, the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company Limited (NPDC), is part of efforts to fast track the consumption LPG, popularly called cooking gas, in the country.
NNPC's spokesperson, Ndu Ughamadu, said the facility will be the largest LPG and propane storage and dispensing outfit in country.
Mr Ughamadu said the facility is an extension of the Integrated Gas Handling Facility (IGHF) plant.
Apart from the capacity to dispense 330 tons of LPG, the NNPC spokesperson said the facility was capable of dispensing about 300 tons of propane daily.
Tags: Benin City Business edo LPG Nigeria NNPC Petroleum
FG To Boost Economy Through Taxation.
NNPC Shifts 40 billion Oil Reserves Target To…


It looks like Vijay Sethupathi and Amy Jackson are all set to team up for a movie. The movie will be directed by Gokul of Rowthiram, Idharkuthaanae Aasaipattai Balakumara and Kaashmora fame.
Reports are that that the team is likely to rope in Amy Jackson for the film. The talk with the actress is on and there is no official confirmation on the same. The shoot is likely to begin in August.
Vijay Sethupathi in the meantime, has films like Vikram Vedha, Karuppan, 96, Vada Chennai and Aneedhi Kadhaigal and Puriyatha Puthir.


After House Democrats blocked numerous votes on legislation to stop infanticide in America, House Republicans have launched a discharge petition to force Speaker Nancy Pelosi to hold an up or down vote on H.R. 962, the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act.
The petition needs the support of 218 members to succeed and it currently has 199 signatures, including three Democrats.
Please take a minute to send an instant message to your representative in Congress urging them to sign the discharge petition to force a vote on this critical legislation.
Along with China and North Korea, the United States is one of only seven countries that allow elective abortions after 20 weeks. But now Democrats in America want to take that even further by pushing for babies born alive to be killed. It's outrageous. Protecting these babies should be supported by everyone regardless of party affiliation.
Freedom-loving Americans need to raise their voices on this matter and force the Democrats to retreat on this radical idea.
Please contact your representative today.
If your representative is a Republican and has already signed the discharge petition, they need to know that you support it and expect them to fight for this legislation.
If your representative is a Democrat and has not signed it, they need to know that you will hold them accountable if they fail to take steps to protect innocent human life.
Thank you for being part of our team and for being willing to make your voice heard on the critical issues facing our country.


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Cesare Maldini (født 5. februar 1932 i Trieste, død 3. april 2016) var en italiensk fodboldspiller og fodboldtræner.

Cesare Maldini begyndte sin karriere i US Triestina Calcio, men skiftede i 1954 til AC Milan hvor han spillede i 12 år indtil 1966, hvor han skiftede til Torino Calcio, hvor han spillede indtil han sluttede sin karriere i 1967 efter 33 kampe for klubben.

Efter karrieren som aktiv spiller blev Cesare Maldini træner. Han var bl.a. træner for AC Milan i to omgange (1973-74 og 2001), for Parma FC og Italiens fodboldlandshold (1996-98). Han var assistenttræner på det italienske fodboldhold, der vandt VM i fodbold 1982.

Cesare Maldini blev betragtet som en legende og et fodboldikon i AC Milan.

Maldini var far til Paolo Maldini, der ligeledes var en succesfuld fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 1962
Fodboldspillere fra AC Milan
Fodboldspillere fra Torino FC
Fodboldtrænere fra Italien
Fodboldtrænere fra AC Milan
Trænere for Italiens fodboldlandshold
Trieste
Trænere for Paraguays fodboldlandshold

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Petroleum geomechanics modelling in the Eastern Mediterranean basin: analysis and application of fault stress mechanics
Dynamic Fluid Flow and Geomechanical Coupling to Assess the CO2 Storage Integrity in Faulted Structures
Evaluation and Characterization of a Potential CO2 Storage Site in the South Adriatic Offshore
Overpressures: Causal Mechanisms, Conventional and Hydromechanical Approaches
Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Vol. 54 (1999), No.6, pp. 667-678
Calcite Twins, a Tool for Tectonic Studies in Thrust Belts and Stable Orogenic Forelands
Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 65 (2010), No. 6, pp. 809-838
2 Geological setting
3 Data and methods
Statistical estimation of frictional coefficients of faults based on a structural dataset in the Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau Region, Viet Nam
Do Van Linh1, Nguyen Loi Loc1,3,6, Vu Trong Tan1, Nguyen Xuan Huy2,3*, Nguyen Thi Thu Trang2,3, Pham Huu Tai2,3,4, Muslim Abdurrahman5 and Fiki Hidayat5
1 South-Vietnam Geological Mapping Division, 200 Ly Chinh Thang Street, Ward 9, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
2 Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
3 Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
4 PetroVietnam University, 762 Cach Mang Thang Tam Street, Long Toan Ward, Ba Ria City, Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province 790000, Vietnam
5 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution 113, Pekanbaru Riau 28284, Indonesia
6 Faculty of Geology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
* Corresponding author: nxhuy@hcmut.edu.vn
This study estimates the shear friction coefficient from shear friction angles for the prediction of slip tendencies in the Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau region of Southern Vietnam. A dataset consisting of measured data of 355 fractured planes, striations, and unconformities in coastal areas as well as 239 offshore faults was analyzed based on the principles of statistical probability. As a result, 138 friction angles for the onshore and offshore faults were calculated based on shear fracture conjugate pairs. The goodness-of-fit test was used to define the probability distribution of the friction angles, which had a normal distribution. The acceptable average of friction angles for the onshore region with a reliability of more than 95% were in the range of 25.8–31.5°, which corresponds to frictional coefficients of 0.48–0.61. The acceptable average friction angles for the offshore region were relatively low at 23–31°, which corresponds to a frictional coefficient of 0.42–0.60. Owing to the heterogeneity of the fault system, the median value (19.12°) should be used as the lowest threshold value for slipping faults at all conditions. The recommended applicable average friction angles are 28.65° and 27° for the onshore and offshore regions, respectively. The estimation of the frictional coefficients is highly reliable, and it can be applied to other subsurface resource exploitation projects within the study area.
© D. Linh et al., published by IFP Energies nouvelles, 2021
In the process of geological mapping and mineral exploration, the identification of striations in the dip direction and dip angle of the fault, which can lead to slip or overturn, is essential for determining the slip friction angle and the cohesion of the fault. Through field investigations, information can be gathered on fracture surface properties, including the continuity of length, surface roughness, width and depth, secondary mineral characteristics in the fracture, and the influence of water on mineral deposits [1].
The coefficient of friction, μ, is a characteristic of the first-order functional friction. The coefficient of static friction is also known as the coefficient of internal friction, basic friction, or residual friction. It is an essential parameter that controls fault motion but it is not related to stick-slip behavior. The coefficients of static friction (μs) and kinetic friction (μk) depend on the nature of the component surface of the contact rock (Fig. 1). The value of the coefficient of shear friction is less than that of static friction (μk < μs). While performing stability analyses, crustal rocks are often assumed to act as a Mohr–Coulomb material in its response to shear stress, whereby its shear strength is expressed in terms of the cohesion and angle of the slickenlines [2]. Tectonic stress can cause large earthquakes and crustal faults to weaken or slide steadily. Byerlee's frictional coefficient (0.6 < μ < 0.85) is widely applied to the naturally sliding plane of a fault [3], which can extend several kilometers in depth through the upper crust, from Earth's surface toward the point of origin of an earthquake.
Static and kinetic friction.
The shear strength of a flat, clean fracture with no scratches and an adhesive force of zero can be determined using the static friction angle. The friction angle of the rock material is related to the size, shape, and composition of the particles exposed along the fault surface. Therefore, a fine-grained rock with a high mica content will have a small friction angle while a coarse-grained rock will have a large friction angle. The measured friction angles in sedimentary rocks range from 25° to 30°, while in intrusive and metamorphic rocks, they range from 30° to 35°. Table 1 lists the friction angle values of each rock type [4, 5].
Classification of the friction angle by rock composition.
Yukutake et al. [6] identified that accurately estimating the slip friction coefficient of a fault to evaluate the slip tendency using the frictional resistance of a fault is difficult. They determined the slip friction coefficient by analyzing the conjugate angles of faults based on the focal mechanisms of dip-slip earthquakes. Instead, they applied the coefficient of friction, according to [3] friction law. However, the results were not convincing when applied to specific areas to estimate slip tendencies and design water injection pressure thresholds. Thus, this method cannot be used in regions with different tectonic and petrological conditions.
At conditions with soft soil and pre-existing fault zones, reactivated faults exhibit a low frictional coefficient of ~0.3 or even 0.1, as observed from dip-slip earthquake focal mechanisms [7]. The frictional reactivation angle for faults in coal mines ranges from 8° to 18°, [8]. Tamura and Kambayashi [9] presented a fault analysis to estimate the frictional coefficient.
The tilt and direct shear tests are standard methods used to determine the friction angle [10–12]. In terms of geological form, e.g., in a heterogeneous and discontinuous granite in Bukit Pengorak (Malaysia), the basic friction angle of granite was determined to be 30° and the maximum friction angle changed from 47° to 80°, depending on the roughness of the surface [13].
Furthermore, the coefficient of shear friction depends on many factors, such as the filling material, degree of mineral variation, hydrothermal activity, and orientation of fracture relative to the modern stress field. A study on the Alpine Fault in New Zealand estimated the shear frictional coefficient to be 0.12–0.16 at temperatures from 25 °C to 210 °C, corresponding to an effective normal stress (σn′) of 31.2–93.6 MPa. Boulton et al. [14] showed that spaces between the fault planes were filled with clay particles, which significantly affected the shear friction.
Jeanne et al. [15] examined the distribution law of the friction coefficient. They applied the law of friction to evaluate the effect of fracture stability based on seismic data collected during carbon capture and storage. Simulation results showed that the distribution of the static and dynamic frictional coefficients (before failure) varied along the fault, with intensities of 1.88–5.88. The critical values of the frictional coefficients (minimum and maximum) along the fault zone could be predicted to control the degree of stress intensity accumulation before failure.
Assuming that the tectonic stress field and fault direction are stable, the shear stress on a fault plane (i) will not change at a particular moment for at least thousands of years. Therefore, faults slip when the friction angle exceeds the internal friction angle. In principle, the coefficient of shear friction is relatively stable because it reflects the inherent nature of the fault. Thus, we must consider the effect of stress to investigate fault reactivation.
A pioneering method proposed by Anderson [16] to determine the paleostress direction assumes that conjugate pairs of shear fractures evolved according to the Mohr–Coulomb standard. Pairs of conjugate fractures are two fault planes or microscopic fractures that are generated simultaneously in the newly formed structure. The dihedral angles between the two fault planes vary from 30° to 89° for brittle deformation and are > 90° for ductile deformation. Depending on the nature of the mechanical and physical properties of the brittle deformation, i.e., brittle-ductile or ductile, this angle varies from 30° to 150°. Usually, this dihedral angle in brittle granite ranges from 55° to 62° and can sometimes be close to 90°. When the friction angle is more extensive, this corresponding angle approaches 90°. The conjugate fracture pairs determined using statistical analyses of the outcrop in this study exhibit shear and normal stresses at a point on the largest Mohr circle.
Assumptions of shear friction angles with different values can lead to errors in the design of drilling wells or when determining the water injection volume threshold for oil recovery. For instance, in the White Tiger oil field, offshore Vietnam, the shear friction angles of two wells (A and B) in a fractured granite reservoir changed from 48° to 57° at depths from 4000–4300 m [17]. While examining the stress state of the oil and gas fields in the Cuu Long and Nam Con Son basins, Binh et al. [18] estimated that the frictional coefficient of a strike-slip normal fault in the basin was ~0.5, which corresponds to a shear friction angle of 26.6°. The lower threshold of the shear friction angle was also set at 16.7° for analysis using the TENSOR program. Thus, the accuracy of the shear friction angle is essential for forecasting the slip tendency and rock stability.
Based on a study of geothermal energy production, Gan and Elsworth [19] suggested that injecting fluid into a reservoir at high temperatures increased the pore-pressure and widened fracture apertures to facilitate fault motion, causing subterranean fault reactivation. Therefore, frictional properties influence the instability of faults and associated seismic events.
The internal friction angle depends on the rock type, porosity, and bonding. The weaker the rock, the lower the shear friction angle. Lama and Vutukuri [20] found that higher Young's elastic modulus values of the rock result in higher shear friction angles. Son et al. [21] calculated the shear friction angle in the Oligocene sandstone reservoir (4012–4077 m) of the White Tiger oil field to be 28°–45° based on Poisson's coefficient and the geophysical log Vp /Vs curve obtained from the well.
Sato [22] used a numerical method to estimate the slip friction coefficient based on the statistical probability distribution theory of points on the Mohr circle. The standard Mohr circle, where σ3 = 0, σ1 = 1, and σ2 = the stress ratio (from the inversion of striations or earthquake focal mechanisms), was used to obtain the shear and normal stresses along the sliding fault plane for any direction and dip angle in space within a specific tectonic stress field [23, 24]. Sato [22] argued that the points on a Mohr circle represent a density probability distribution close to the Mohr circle, which declines in the direction of the stress vector. Furthermore, by statistically obtaining the decrease in the vector direction, the slip friction coefficient can be calculated.
Energy projects are currently being developed in Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau region, wherein geothermal exploitation, oil and gas field exploitation, underground storage, and dam construction for hydroelectric power will be conducted in onshore and offshore regions. Thus, determining the shear friction coefficient thresholds from the shear friction angles is vital for predicting the slip tendencies, which can identify the impact of human activity or natural disasters. At present, no study has calculated the coefficients of friction in this region; instead, most studies use the assumed values of [3] or similar rock compositions from previous studies. The shear friction coefficient threshold is a primary parameter that can be used to assist managers in decision-making regarding the pre-feasibility and operational stages, as well as reducing costs by forecasting and minimizing risk. Human activity can change the stress balance and cause faults to slide or reactivate, thereby increasing the reservoir interconnections and enabling efficient resource exploitation.
The Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau region includes a territory in south-central Vietnam (Fig. 2) and its continental shelf, and is located in the western South China Sea (center of the Southeast Asian plate). This area is likely to have formed and developed on the Precambrian crystalline basement, followed by the development of an active continental margin setting during the late Mesozoic. The region was influenced by extension and lateral strike-slip movement in the early Cenozoic, followed by domain uplift with basalt volcanism during the late Cenozoic. From a modern tectonic perspective, the study region includes continental crust structural units (i.e., the Kon Tum, Da Lat, and Can Tho zones) as well as extensional, thinned, and differentiated transitional crust forming numerous oil-bearing Cenozoic basins.
Map of the geoblock, stress field, and human impacts on the environment.
From the Paleoproterozoic to the Quaternary, the study area experienced at least 14 other geodynamic settings, which can be reconstructed by their characteristic petrotectonic assemblages and are outlined in Table 2. The study area is located between three features (Fig. 2): the Indochina continental crust, Cuu Long-Con Son structural domain, and Paracel Islands-Borneo continental-transitional crust terrane.
Geodynamic settings.
In the early Cenozoic, the study area formed part of the southeastern interior of the Eurasian plate, which was influenced by two significant dynamic processes:
collision between India and Asia in the west, where the northwest-striking Mae Ping and Three Pagodas faults cut through the northwestern part of Indochina; and
the Red River fault, oriented in a northeast–southeast direction and the South China Sea divergent processes, which began in the Late Cretaceous [25, 26] and continued to spread at a maximum of 32–16 Ma, creating the new South China Sea oceanic plate [27].
The study area is a part of Indochina where basaltic eruption was accompanied by intensive massif uplift since the late Cenozoic. Here, extensional activity, sliding, and thermal subsidence meet a transitional continental crust massif. The formation mechanism resulted in two primary structural parts:
pre-Cenozoic crystallized basement, consisting of plutonic, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks and constituting the Indochina continental block; and
an overburden layer, consisting of mainly late Cenozoic terrestrial clastic sediment, interbedded with basalt rock, which filled in the Phu Khanh and Cuu Long basins, forming part of the transitional continental crust.
The coastal area from Tuy Hoa developed 21 major fault systems, including four faults at level I, seven faults at level II, and ten faults at level III. The faults are developed in four main directions: NW–SE, NE–SW, E–W, or sub-E–W, and N–S or sub-N–S (Tab. 3).
Morphological and dynamic characteristics of major faults in the coastal area from Tuy Hoa to Vung Tau.
Unconformable contacts are generally referred to as unconformities (Tab. 4).
Unconformities.
The Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the study area and adjacent areas includes three main periods with six sub-periods (Tab. 5).
History of the Cenozoic tectonic evolution.
The compressive axis of the tectonic stress field construction has not changed substantially from the late Miocene to Quaternary, although it is different from the previous period in the geodynamic regime (i.e., the early to middle Miocene, when compression occurred in a NEN–SWS direction, and from the middle Eocene to early sub-Miocene, when compression was toward the sub-latitudes).
3.1 Geological field techniques (Measuring fault slip and estimating friction angle at outcrops)
Measurements were taken of fractured planes, striations, and unconformities in outcrops of the Late Cretaceous granite in the Deo Ca complex, the late Miocene Basalt in the Dai Nga complex, and the Cretaceous rhyolites in the Nha Trang complex along the coastal areas from Tuy Hoa, Ke Ga, and Vung Tau to Phu Quy Island. A geo-compass and measuring tape were used to determine the morphology and scale of the features according to the following procedure:
measure the strike of fractures containing striations;
measure the dip direction and dip of the fractures or microfaults;
determine and measure the plunge and trend of the slip vector on the microfault surface;
determine the movement sense of the microfault or use indicators [28] (i.e., record the kinematic type as strike-slip, normal, reverse fault, etc.);
measure the rake angle or pitch of the microfault using the geo-compass or a degree ruler;
observe and find the angle of the conjugate fault system, which can be identified by the direction of the sliding pinch on the intersection point between two faults (this angle is twice the friction angle of the fault slip); and
record all measurements in a geological notebook.
3.2 Data processing
The data collected from the steps described in the previous section were processed as follows:
the recorded data was processed to define the stress tensor at an exposed outcrop (from several hundred to thousands of meters in length), which has at least four microfaults measured that are distinct in orientation in the same rock type (e.g., granite, gabbro, sandstone, basalt, etc.);
the Win-Tensor [29] software was used to separate the structures into different stress tensors or different stress states based on the population of striations and slickenlines. The reduced stress tensor, corresponding to every sub-set microfault, was determined and categorized using four parameters: the stress ratio (ϕ) and the orientations (trend/plunge) of the three principal stress axes (largest, smallest, and intermediate);
MohrPlotter 3D [30] was used to analyze striations and slickenlines under the stress tensor that governed them, with a normalized tensor of σ1 = 1, σ2 = ϕ, and σ3 = 0, and to determine the shear stress and normal stress on each microfault at any orientation; and
the angle of the set of faults (represented by a cluster of small circles) was then measured to calculate the friction angle by measuring from the origin coordinates of the Mohr circle (see [22]). An error of ~6% was considered acceptable [31].
3.3 Database
In total, we measured 355 fractured planes, striations, and unconformities in 196 outcrops along the coastal areas from Tuy Hoa, Ke Ga, and Vung Tau to Phu Quy Island. Residual friction angles of 34 granite samples in Cai Mep Port were measured using triaxial tests at depths of 90–173 m [32].
The offshore dataset included in situ stresses from 13 wells, which were measured in eight EXtended Leak-Off Tests (XLOT), and 23 Formation Micro-Imager (FMI). Twelve earthquake focal mechanisms were analyzed from 315 earthquakes detected between 2002 and May 2020. During this period, earthquakes mainly occurred along the NNE–SSW fault zone in and adjacent to the White Tiger–Rong fields (Fig. 2). We also interpreted 239 faults based on 14 000 km of regional offshore seismic data from the Cuu Long Basin [33].
3.3.1 Statistical data analyses
Owing to the geological heterogeneity of fault systems, the coefficient of shear friction changes randomly. As the shear friction coefficient profiles were determined by the probability distribution function, a Monte Carlo simulation allows the use of these distributions and independent or dependent random variables [34]. In this study, the normal distribution was used as the variable (x), with the mean and variance, σ 2, based on the following function:
where the mean is:
and the variance is given by:
3.4 Workflow
The Mohr circle diagram demonstrates the relationship between the stress state and rheology of rocks in the crust and lithosphere. This diagram shows the stress ratio, which predicts the growth of new ruptures and the reactivation of existing faults.
The internal friction angle can be described as the shear strength due to friction according to the effective normal stress prescribed by the Mohr–Coulomb failure condition. The internal friction angle was determined using the shear and normal stresses at various levels (Fig. 3). According to the Mohr–Coulomb circle, the slope of the curve related to the shear strength and compressional pressure is the internal friction angle.
Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion in the effective stress domain. (a) Shear plane under triaxial compression. (b) Mohr circles and an attenuation contour cut linearly (tangential line of the Mohr circles), where is the angle of internal friction.
The following assumptions were made to calculate the coefficients of shear friction:
brittle deformation must comply with the Mohr–Coulomb failure standard;
the shear friction coefficient of an existing fault before the occurrence of critical sliding was constant for a specific tectonic regime. The faults could be strike-slip, normal, or reverse types;
the normalized Mohr circle was based on the stress ratio in the region corresponding to the tectonic regime. Simplified principal stress intensities were σ3 = 0, σ1 = 1, and σ2 = the stress ratio. For example, if the stress ratio was 0.7, then σ2 = 0.7 on the Mohr circle; and
the tensors of the principal stress axes (σ1, σ2, and σ3) were similar to the regional stress tensors.
This study analyzed the conjugate fault system and the ratio of normal to shear stress based on measured fault profiles to achieve a robust approach to understand the shear friction coefficient. The process of estimating the friction coefficient proceeded as follows:
Step 1: Conduct field measurements on sliding surfaces: dip directions, dip angles, and the directions of the motion vectors (Fig. 4).
Fracture parameters and stress state analysis.
Step 2: Classify the striation data according to petrographic compositions:
+ Late Cretaceous granite from the Deo Ca complex.
+ Intrusive basalt from the late Miocene Dai Nga complex, Pliocene to early Pleistocene Tuc Trung complex, and middle Pleistocene Xuan Loc complex in Ba Ria–Vung Tau province.
+ Cretaceous rhyolites from the Nha Trang complex.
Step 3: Build a contour diagram of fractures/striations using the Stereonet 10.0 software [35] to find the maximum values. Each maximum value corresponding to a specified dip direction and dip angle that represented a group of striations was identified.
Step 4: Estimate the conjugate angles between striation pairs (conjugate deformation). Two fractures/striations were considered to be conjugates when they formed an angle of 30°–89° [36]. We used the Dips 8.0 software package to determine the striation pairs.
Step 5: Calculate the static friction angles based on the measured conjugate angles using the equation in [37]:
where Φ is the static friction angle and θ is the conjugate angle. The relationship between the conjugate friction angle and the shear friction coefficient is given by:
where *: is the minimum reactivation friction angle or optimal angle.
Step 6: Based on the dataset's friction angles, we performed statistical analyses to estimate the range of values.
The friction angles were determined using an appropriate probability distribution function in two steps:
Step 1: The type of random distribution was hypothesized by analyzing the available data. The proposed distribution assumed that the friction angle types conform to normal, log-normal, and beta distributions.
Step 2: The goodness-of-fit test was used to evaluate the distribution type by fitting the theoretical distribution to the hypothetical distribution at a specified significance level.
Twelve earthquake focal mechanisms were measured by the Vietnam Institute of Geophysics using the technique reported in [36] technique to analyze 24 conjugate angles based on conjugate fault pairs (Fig. 5). Thus, 24 friction angles were calculated (Tab. 6).
Analysis of the friction angles from 12 earthquake focal mechanisms.
Estimation of friction angles based on earthquake focal mechanisms.
Based on the Mohr circle failure standard, the calculated conjugate angles of fault pairs are represented by points on the Mohr circle. From the 11 fault systems in the White Tiger structure and its vicinity, 41 pairs of conjugate angles were determined and plotted on the Mohr circle. The ratios of shear to normal stresses in the fault profiles in the White Tiger field and adjacent areas were calculated based on data from 239 faults (Tab. 7).
Estimation of friction angles based on pairs of conjugated faults in the Oligocene sandstone and fractured granite reservoirs in the White Tiger field.
Coastal region near Tuy Hoa, Ke Ga, and Vung Tau
The profiles show that the friction angle of the fault system varied from 5° to 58°. The standard deviation and mean values were 12.23° and 27.65°, respectively. The dataset consisted of 73 samples and had a p-value of < 0.005, indicating statistical significance. Therefore, the probability analysis had a very high confidence interval, confirming that the average value of the friction angle was between 25.8° and 31.5°. A histogram of the data exhibited a normal distribution, confirming that the results were reliable (Fig. 6).
Summary of the statistical parameters for onshore friction angles.
Tolerance interval of the onshore region
The points on the graph were almost linear, indicating that the dataset had a normal distribution. In addition, the p-value was significant (α = 0.05), confirming that the data had a normal distribution (Fig. 7). For the onshore region, the low threshold was 24° (Fig. 6). Figure 7 shows a friction angle of 24° in the 20th percentile based on the diagram. Therefore, ~20% of the friction angles were equal to or less than this value while ~80% of the friction angles were greater than 24°.
Threshold of the onshore friction angle value.
4.1 Offshore area from Tuy Hoa to the White Tiger field
The histogram of a dataset consisting of 65 calculated friction angles for a wide range of values (1–59°) had a normal distribution (Fig. 8). The p-value was 0.016, or less than α = 5%, indicating that the dataset was statistically significant. The mean and standard deviation were 15.95° and 26.93°, respectively. The average friction angle was in the range of 23–31° with high reliability.
Summary of the statistical parameters for offshore friction angles.
4.2 Tolerance interval of the offshore region
The normal probability distribution plot shows that the points are almost linear, indicating that the data have a normal distribution. In addition, the p-value for the test was 0.016, which was smaller than the significance level (α = 0.05). This confirms that the data have a normal distribution (Fig. 9).
Threshold of the offshore friction angle value.
According to [3] theory of friction, the initial friction angle was measured at 16.7°, which is the lower limit for sliding faults in all conditions. However, in the White Tiger field and adjacent areas, the lowest value of the median was 19.12°. Hence, this value should be used as the lower threshold (Fig. 8). Figure 9 shows that a slip friction angle of 19.12° was in the 38th percentile. Thus, ~38% of the friction angles were equal to or less than 19.12° and ~62% of the friction angles were greater than 19.12°.
4.3 Determining threshold values of onshore and offshore friction angles
One of the main challenges that occurs when performing reliability analysis is the determination of the range of acceptable friction angles. From this perspective, a high confidence level (95%) was selected as the threshold for the mean values in each surveyed area (Fig. 10):
For the onshore region: The threshold value ranged from 25.8° to 31.5° with an average of 28.65°.
For the offshore region: The threshold value ranged from 23° to 31° with an average of 27°. The initial friction angle chosen was the lowest median value (19.12°), corresponding to a frictional coefficient of 0.35, which is considered a low threshold for slipping faults in all conditions.
Threshold of the friction angle at a 95% confidence level.
The chart in Figure 10 shows that the friction angles in the offshore region were, on average, 1.65° lower than those of the onshore region. Thus, the equivalent offshore coefficient of friction was 0.51 while that of the onshore region was 0.55.
As estimating the friction angle of a sliding fault is difficult [6], previous studies have assumed a wide range for the coefficient of friction (0.6–0.85), equivalent to a friction angle of 31–40° [3]. When compared with the results of this study, the lowest coefficient of friction obtained using the method proposed in [3] was equal to the upper threshold found for the offshore area of Vietnam. Therefore, applying the friction angle of [3] caused uncertainty in forecasting the sliding tendency in the Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau region.
Sibson [37] suggested that reactivated inverse faults have high slope angles, indicating that the optimal angle, θ* (equal to half of the conjugate angle), is 60° or greater. When the reactivated fault has a low slope angle, θ* is in the range of 20–30°, which reflects the frictional coefficient anomaly. This evidence is related to water injection and formation damage caused by human activity. The four earthquake focal mechanisms with conjugate fault plane angles in the range of 20–30° may have been caused by the impact of water injection, hydraulic fracturing, or abnormal pore pressures due to production activities.
The analysis in [8] suggests that any fault with a friction angle of ϕ < 20° will slip if the optimal θ* angle is 30–40°. If the friction angle of a fault is < 15°, the fault will slip within the direction range of 15° < θ < 60°. Faults with friction angles > 22° will not slip in any direction.
For in situ stress and borehole pressures in the Cuu Long Basin, friction angles of 48–57° obtained for wells A and B in the brittle fractured granite reservoir indicate deformation at depths of 4000–4300 m [17]. This result is inaccurate because the value of 48°–57° was outside the allowable confidence interval, which led to incorrect well drilling design and determinations of the injected water volume threshold. This result was locally calculated and is not an expected value for most of the Cuu Long Basin oilfield.
For the stress field state at the wells in the Chu Long and Nam Con Son basins [18], a frictional coefficient of 0.5 was used to calculate the maximum horizontal stress for the normal strike-slip fault, which is equivalent to a friction angle of 26.6°. The assumed frictional coefficient was appropriate because the results were similar to those obtained in this study. A comparison of the Leak-Off Test (LOT) and hydraulic fracturing in several boreholes indicates that the maximum horizontal stress was 60–64 MPa. Thus, using a friction angle of 27° and a stress ratio of 0.51 was appropriate for the LOT test conditions.
By investigating the role of the friction coefficient in terms of the optimal slip angle of a fault, King et al. [38] found that a lower friction angle results in an optimal angle, θ, between the two slip plane faults closer to 90°. In contrast, a higher friction angle results in a smaller optimal angle, θ. The friction angle is important for assessing sensitivity to changes in the Coulomb stress and the effect that present-day tectonic stress fields have on strike-slip faults with changes in the coefficient of friction. The lowest friction angle is usually 8° to 18° for reactivation faults in coal mines [8].
Computations using the Coulomb v3.3 software package on changes in stress and deformation have suggested that the San Andres fault could cause earthquakes, with a frictional coefficient of 0.4–0.45, corresponding to a friction angle of 21.8–24.2° [39]. This is a lower threshold for the sliding friction angle of faults for normal earthquakes. If the value is abnormally higher or lower than the range of frictional slip fault angle, there are two possibilities:
Fluid injection can be used to increase pore pressure or create hydraulic stimulation [37];
The fault anomalies are filled with clay minerals or coal, or have been mineralized.
Therefore, the prediction of the lower limit of the friction angle of major fault systems in the Bach Ho oilfield indicated that slippage can occur. Hence, the consideration of appropriate volumes of water injection and drilling design are important parameters for preventing slip. For estimations, a lower shear friction angle threshold of 23°, or a frictional coefficient of 0.42 can be used for this area.
Abnormal faults with small friction angles can cause slip in high pore pressure conditions. Clay that fills in a fault plane can also reduce the frictional resistance, leading to slip with very small friction angles of 1–2° [6, 40, 41]. The data in Tables 2 and 3 indicate that some conjugate faults with very low shear friction angles can cause slip because of clay mineral infill along the faults.
Barton and Choubey [42] conducted experiments to determine the static friction coefficients of different rocks, showing that sedimentary rocks slide on magmatic rocks (or vice versa) due to the residual friction angle of the fissure or natural fracture at an angle of 28–32°. These values lowered the upper threshold for the range of the friction angle to 23–31°.
The modern stress field in the coastal area of Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau was assumed to have an average coefficient of friction, i.e., μ = 0.5 (friction angle of 26.6°) at a depth of 5 km, which almost coincides with the offshore value obtained in this study. Calculation results show high reliability corresponding to the vertical, maximum horizontal, and minimum stresses of 127, 158, and 90.5 MPa, respectively. The estimated pore pressure was 49.1 MPa [43].
Multi-stage triaxial compression tests for the confinement conditions at 20 °C in natural granite fragments show that the average friction angle at normal temperatures is 29.3° [44], which has a deviation of 0.65° from the onshore friction angle estimated in this study. At 80 °C, the friction angle was reduced to 27.87°, which is similar to the friction angle of 27° estimated for the offshore region at a depth of 4000 m.
Dung et al. [45] used a critical frictional coefficient of μ = 0.6 to determine the direction of open fractures in the granite basement of the Cuu Long Basin. The results showed two main directions of the critical stress fractures: (1) north–south, with a dip direction toward the east or west and a dip angle of ~75°, and (2) northwest–southeast, with a dip direction toward the northeast or southwest and a dip angle of ~75°. The frictional coefficient (μ = 0.6, corresponding to a friction angle of 31°) of the basement rock coincides with the upper threshold of the average value estimated in this study.
The estimation of statistical probability is an essential tool used in modern data analysis. The main goal of this study was to statistically process a friction angle dataset. The ranges of acceptable threshold values (minimum, mean, and maximum) at a 95% confidence level confirm the normal distributions of data from each of the studied regions. The estimates can be summarized as follows:
Onshore region: The threshold value ranged from 25.8° to 31.5°, with an average of 28.65°, according to a frictional coefficient of 0.55.
Offshore region: The threshold value ranged from 23° to 31°, with an average of 27°, according to a frictional coefficient of 0.51.
The recommended initial friction angle is the lowest median value (19.12°) obtained for the offshore area, which is higher than the 16.7° angle obtained when using the method of [3]. The estimations of the friction coefficients and friction angles using statistical analyses are highly reliable and can contribute significantly to other underground resource exploitation projects in the study area.
The study was limited by any measurement error associated with the fracture morphology and from the sliding angles of kinematic faults. Errors and confusion regarding the identification of the conjugate angles in outcrops may have also occurred.
Future research should focus on building and classifying kinematic fractures in rock types with different ages. An improved identification method for matching pairs of conjugate fractures in outcrops is also required. Furthermore, we must develop an isometric map of the distribution of frictional coefficients, friction angles, and fracture strengths to further aid in the design of underground wells and resource exploitation.
This research is funded by the Office of National Science and Technology Research Programs, the Ministry of Science and Technology under grant number KC.09.38/16-20. We appreciate Vietnam–Russia Joint Venture, Hyosung Vina Petrochemical Co., Ltd, and Hoan Long – Hoan Vu JOC for providing the valuable data. In addition, this research is funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, under grant number NĐT.48.KR/18. We would like to thank General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), and University of Science VNU-HCM for allowing the use of facilities during this study.
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Richie Redford White, born Oct. 31, 1970, passed away on April 7, 2019.
He is survived by his wife Patty White; his daughters Kaitlyn White and Allison White; stepchildren, Jonathan Carr and Julie Burdge; grandchildren Cameron White, Walker Lockhart, Kelby Carr, Louie Burdge, Raylee Mason, Kaylyn Burdge, Emaleigh Burdge and Button (Alex Jones); mother, Madalene Byrd (Roy); siblings, Brenda Meadows (Timmy), Patricia Graham, Judy Harman (Bill), Jerry White, Emory White; and numerous nieces and nephews; and life-long friend, Bart Pearce. He was predeceased by his father, George White and brother Greg White.
He was a wonderful husband, loving father and faithful brother and friend. He was the love of his wife's life and adored by his children and grandchildren. He was a giver and helper to everyone who needed it. He had a contagious smile. Alli: "My dad was a jack of all trades, could make a sailor blush on a good day, sharpest person I've ever met, could make anybody laugh, and changed everybody's name ... Even their pets. Re and Tard love you Daddy!"
Memorial service will be held on Thursday, April 11, 2019, at New Life Ministries, 385 Log Cabin Road, Milledgeville. Family will receive guests at 5, services will start at 6.
In lieu of flowers, donations in memory of Richie can be made to New Life Ministries, 385 Log Cabin Road, Milledgeville, Ga. 31061, or online via paypal at www.nlmcog.com.
A life cut short. Richie will be missed by all. Love u cuz .sending prayers and comfort to the Family, .
He was my cousin but a brother I never had You will be greatly missed Richie White fly high my brother..


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Cassette Review:
Fuck Lungs
"Honeysuckle"
(Already Dead Tapes)
$6 //
Edition of 100 //
https://alreadydeadtapes.bandcamp.com/album/ad275-fuck-lungs-honeysuckle //
As I look things up surrounding this cassette- research for the review, if you will- I open Blogger and search for the words "Fuck Lungs" and it comes back with nothing. What. This can't be. I know Fuck Lungs has a cassette that came out before this one. It's self-titled. I believe I have it. I look at the Cassette Review page. Not there. Where is it? Do I have this cassette somewhere and didn't review it? Time to do some digging of my own in regards to my past, but until then, I have "Honeysuckle" to listen to at least. (The cover art doesn't look good to me)
This cassette begins with the sound of frequencies and they are twisted and turned, manipulated to play at their normal rate, slower and even faster which causes quite the chaos. It all breaks down and I'm pretty sure there are horns in this destruction now-- even drums. I hear the definite bass of a baritone sax or perhaps tuba and the drums are being played mercilessly. While this began much like a radio station having some broadcasting issues (imagine a cassette being sped up because it was eaten by a tape deck only with a radio sound instead) and then it turns into some jazz. The horns are slower now, more delicate. I do believe I hear jazz flute. But I just checked the Bandcamp page (damn spoilers) and this is all sax plus drums... That can't be right.
What I still say is a flute begins to make this sound as if a bird is fluttering. It fades out just as easily as it brought that certain level of energy, excitement to the cassette. Side B opens with these thundering drums and it reminds me of Dillinger Escape Plan. I can't believe drums and a sax are all that is making these sounds but this gets heavy in a way that makes you feel like this duo is playing to the point where they are leaving it all out there on the stage, nothing is being held back. Even as it slows down a bit and the horns only come out sparingly, the tempo just feels to urgent, so vital.
It's jazz, but it's not. Somewhere between Odd Jazz and the times when Awkward Geisha sounds like jazz, Fuck Lungs have this heaviness to them. It's kind of hardcore but "jazzcore" looks like such a terrible word and it reminds me of when this band Folly existed so I don't want to use it so much. But things do grow quieter, with the sax picking it back up after what might be an intermission but is at the least a moment of rest. "Noise jazz" is an ok term, as the sax comes blaring through with what sounds like not-sax and the drums continue to chip away until there is nothing left.
It would be fair to say that in 2018 (and even for some months leading up to it) I had grown partial to two different aspects of music: 1) Jazz that didn't sound like jazz and 2) Duos. Fuck Lungs is both of these things. And, yes, as someone with asthma I would very much like to wear a shirt that says "Fuck Lungs", for the record. I suppose the only thing I can really do is go see Fuck Lungs play live somehow to prove that this is being made only by the drums and sax because I feel like there are other instruments in play here but regardless this is not one to miss as it is taking that idea of free jazz or improv jazz or whatever you want to call it jazz to the next level.


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Published December 22, 2016 11:02am EST
Moscow courts convicts student for trip to Syria
Varvara Karaulova, who was detained last year in Turkey as she was reportedly trying to cross the border into Syria, sits in a cage in the Moscow District Military Court in Moscow, Russia, Thursday, Dec. 22, 2016. A Moscow court has sentenced a 20-year old university student to four and a half years in prison for trying to join Islamic State group fighters in Syria. (Andrey Nikerichev/Moscow news agency via AP) (The Associated Press)
MOSCOW – A Moscow court has sentenced a 20-year old university student to four and a half years in prison for trying to join Islamic State group fighters in Syria.
Varvara Karaulova was detained last year in Turkey as she was reportedly trying to cross the border into Syria.
Karaulova, who had adopted Islam, said she fell in love with a man she met online and wanted to marry him.
The Moscow District Military Court on Thursday found her guilty of "preparing to join a terrorist organization" and rejected her pleas that she had no intention to fight in Syria.
More than 3,000 Russians are believed to have gone to fight alongside Islamic State militants in Syria from Russia. Most of them, unlike Karaulova, are men from Russia's predominantly Muslim regions.


The last time Killswitch Engage played in The Netherlands was the second gig with Jesse back on vocals. While it was clear that he used to play in this band back in the early days, it seemed a little uncomfortable during that show. Today they would have more experience in performing together and they would bring two support acts: Heartist and Sylosis.
The band that would kick off this evening was the American experimental band Heartist. This band has only existed since 2011 and they've already been signed by Roadrunner Records. The room was quite empty during the first song, but filled up more and more as the set went on. Nevertheless, a lot of people couldn't be bothered that there was a band on stage and kept talking. Although they really tried to get the crowd going, I'm not sure if this band was suited to be on this tour. It had a mix of so many genres that I couldn't get into it and it was very awkward. The band itself played pretty well, but I just couldn't understand this music.
After this weird beginning it was time for some British music by Sylosis. The band has a high level of Trivium. The music, the show and even the members reminded me of them, which really isn't a bad thing. Because they had very few moments of interaction with the crowd, the crowd couldn't get pumped up. Although the band asked for a circle pit, and they got a small one, and a wall of death, which failed miserably, that was about the only movement the band got going. They played very tight and the guitar solos received some applause. It was a really interesting band, but if you don't know any songs by this band it may sound like a few very long songs instead of a big set.
It was already clear that it would be a fun night when the intro song played. As guitarist Adam, also known as the Jim Carrey of Killswitch Engage, entered the stage, he started with the sentence "Smoke weed everyday" something we would hear many times this evening. It was time for the first song when Jesse joined Adam on stage: one of the newer songs called "The Hell In Me". Of course there was immediate movement in the crowd in the shape of a nice moshpit. While KSE played very well about one year ago in Tivoli, this time they probably played even better. The band members enjoyed themselves and showed that to the crowd too. Some small jokes by Adam not only got Jesse laughing out loud, but a large part of the crowd as well. Today the band played some songs from every album except their self-titled one. So they didn't only play new songs like "No End In Sight" but also a lot of older songs as "A Bid Farewell", "The End Of Heartache", "Life To Lifeless" and "Self Revolution". Both the band and the crowd had a lot of fun and many crazy things happened, but after 14 songs it was already time to leave the stage and let the crowd scream for more. Of course, the band had to come back to play "My Last Serenade".
What they left was a very tired, but also very happy, crowd. Probably one of the best shows by this band in The Netherlands, but what will it be like on August 7th, when they come back to Eindhoven to play in an even smaller venue? Only time can tell….


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Our Adoption StoryPatricia & William
We had always wanted to expand our family and have more children, but the timing was never right for us. We have two beautiful biological sons, who are now 10 and 13 years old, and we knew if we were meant to grow our family, we could pursue adoption. About two years ago we made the decision to really commit to growing our family and started researching the best agencies to work with. Before making any major commitments, we spoke to our sons about our plans, and they were just as excited as we were to welcome a new child into our home.
We came across Angel Adoption, and we started to feel like this was the place for us. Once we called and spoke with staff to get further information, we were impressed by the kindness and care they had and the lack of pressure they put on us. We made the decision to work with Angel and happily shared the news with our friends and family. They were so excited and supportive. We were excited and full of apprehension as we started our journey. We were happy to finally be on our way and so nervous at the same time. What if we weren't chosen because we had biological kids already? What if this didn't happen and we walked away with no child? All kinds of thoughts went through our minds, but we focused on the hope and excitement and did our best to trust the process.
Waiting and More Waiting
As time passed, we were well into the second year of our contract and feeling a bit worried. We knew this would be our last attempt at growing our family and had decided to trust that whatever happened was meant to be. We decided to not focus on or really even talk about our adoption journey. After we made the decision to stop thinking about it all so much, that is exactly when things began to fall into place.
While having a particularly challenging week, Patricia received a phone call from Angel while at work. Staff let her know there was a birthmother who was interested in speaking with us. We were so excited. This call happened to come on "National Daughter's Day," and the birthmother was expecting a girl. We could not believe this was happening and reached out to her the next day via text. She had just a few more months to go and was looking for a closed adoption. We spoke mostly through texting and moved on to hiring services and working with an attorney fairly quickly. She was able to create a birth and adoption plan. She requested that Patricia be present in the delivery room and be the first to hold her. She also allowed us the deep honor of naming her and responded with joy when we told her the name we had chosen was Antera Jane. Things progressed smoothly, and we slowly prepared ourselves for the arrival of a new life as we moved closer to the due date.
Antera Jane Joins the Family
We were notified she could possibly need a C-section early due to low amniotic fluid. We prepared ourselves for an early arrival and began looking into travel arrangements. The birthmother had an appointment to check her amniotic fluid levels, and we had asked her to let us know what the doctor said. She texted us while she was there and asked, "How fast can you get here? They are going to send me to the hospital for a C-section, scheduled for 8:30 p.m." Patricia immediately panicked, and within 20 minutes she was out the door, had a plane booked, and was taking only the clothes on her back.
She arrived at 1:00 a.m., well after the birth, but she was so excited to have arrived that it truly didn't matter. When she got to the nurses station, she saw there was a baby with the staff. Patricia told the nurses who she was, and they brought the baby toward her and said, "Here is your daughter." She was immediately overcome with joy and love; it was a very surreal moment and one she will never forget. The nurses had taken her right away and had left the delivery room per the birthmother's wishes. Patricia was in awe and in complete admiration of her strength and love for this child.
Holding Antera in her arms, Patricia walked to her own room and spent the next few nights in the hospital until Antera was discharged from the hospital and then stayed at a nearby hotel while waiting for ICPC to clear. Those first few days, being able to spend that quiet alone time with her was such a precious gift. When all paperwork had cleared, Patricia and Antera made their way home to meet Dad and her two big brothers. This moment was pure magic for us. Seeing the boys' faces light up as they met their new sister was very beautiful and had us in tears. They had also made a "Welcome Home" sign in honor of her arrival and hung it up on our wall. We had arrived back home just in time to celebrate the holidays together as a family of five.
We Are So Grateful
There really are no words to describe how deeply grateful we are for Antera's birthmother's selfless decision. We are in awe that someone could give us the most amazing gift and make our lives feel whole. Although she initially wanted a closed adoption, we have received a couple texts from her, just checking in and asking for pictures. We are gladly open to having a more semi-open adoption, if that's what she wishes, but only time will tell. We just feel so blessed to have our daughter home with us and part of our family. We are so excited to see what lies ahead for her.
Looking back, it's easy to now share with others that positivity and patience are key while walking the adoption journey, but we know it's easier said than done while in the midst of it. Our advice would be to stay busy and simply surrender to all the unknowns. Once your paperwork is completed and you have done all you can, it's important to let go. There is literally nothing you can do to control the outcome, so you might as well enjoy the process and present moment, knowing that what is meant to be will be.


text:
El gato montés es una ópera en tres actos escrita y compuesta por el español Manuel Penella Moreno. Fue estrenada en el Teatro Principal de Valencia el 22 de febrero de 1917, aunque durante mucho tiempo se ha adelantado un año este dato, por error.

En su primera representación la función tuvo un gran éxito, que se repetiría en sus estrenos en Madrid (Gran Teatro, 1 de junio de 1917) y Nueva York (Park Theatre, diciembre de 1920-febrero de 1921). En las representaciones de Nueva York intervinieron Pastora Imperio y Concha Piquer.

La ópera, que contiene un popular pasodoble, rara vez se representa en la actualidad; en las estadísticas de Operabase no aparece entre las óperas representadas en el período 2005-2010. Sin embargo, ha estado en cartel en el Teatro de la Zarzuela de Madrid en marzo de 2012 y en el Palau de les Arts de València en la temporada 2016/2017 .

La primera representación de esta ópera en Alemania tuvo lugar el 25 de mayo de 2018 en el Pfalztheater de  la ciudad de Kaiserslautern, bajo la dirección del español Rodrigo Tomillo.

Argumento

La obra, dividida en tres actos, se desarrolla en Andalucía y trata de la rivalidad entre un torero, Rafael Ruiz, y un bandolero, Juanillo —el "Gato Montés"— por el amor de la gitana Soleá. Esta ama en realidad al bandolero, quien se convirtió en un delincuente por defender su honor, pero se siente unida al torero por un lazo de gratitud, ya que la acogió en su casa cuando vagaba por las calles. Los dos rivales se enfrentan en un duelo a navaja, pero los separa Soleá. Juanillo amenaza a Rafael con matarlo si el domingo siguiente no se deja coger por un toro en la corrida. El domingo siguiente Rafael sufre una cogida en la plaza de toros de Sevilla y muere en brazos de Soleá, quien, al ver morir a Rafael, muere también. Juanillo se lleva el cadáver de Soleá a su guarida en la sierra, pero es perseguido hasta allí. Careciendo de sentido su vida tras la muerte de Soleá, decide morir y hace que uno de sus hombres le dispare antes de caer en manos de sus perseguidores

Los escenarios son un cortijo de la campiña, una casa sevillana, el patio de caballos de la Maestranza de Sevilla y la cueva del bandolero, en la sierra.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Crítica a una representación de El gato montés (2012)

Óperas de Manuel Penella Moreno
Óperas de 1916
Óperas en español
Óperas ambientadas en España
Óperas estrenadas en Valencia


text:
Retailers could be in trouble if they don't give shoppers enough newness this Black Friday
November 29, 2019 | Lauren Thomas
Customers shop for electronics items during 'Black Friday' at a Best Buy store.
Sandy Huffaker | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Shoppers will spend lots of money this holiday season, but are retailers giving them something to spend on? That's the million-dollar question.
A strong macroeconomic backdrop, with low unemployment and wage growth, has given the retail industry's lead trade group enough confidence to predict holiday sales will grow 3.8% to 4.2% this year, better than a 2.1% increase in 2018. The National Retail Federation says consumers will spend an average of $1,047.83 this holiday season, up 4% from a year ago.
But a younger generation of consumers is devoting more money during the holidays toward experiences, like vacations and concerts. And the secondhand apparel market is booming, as more consumers are conscious about sustainability when they shop.
Meantime, a scan through retailers' holiday ads shows hot deals on the Instant Pot, Fitbits and "cozy" couture. Sound familiar? These were all big items last year. There's not a lot of newness in stores. And that could end up meaning bad news for some companies.
"Retailers are in the business of selling things," Joel Rampoldt, a managing director in the retail practice at AlixPartners, told CNBC in an interview. "And they still need to do that."
But, he went on, this season "I don't see one big must-have that's going to drive a lot of traffic."
In 2017, the Instant Pot was one of the most anticipated gifts of the holiday season and ended up selling out on some retailer's websites, including at Kohl's.
Two years later, Kohl's is still anticipating the cooking gadget to be a hot commodity and is pushing deals on it.
"The Instant Pot continues to be a great item," CEO Michelle Gass told CNBC in a recent phone interview. She said other top sellers, with strong promotions, are expected to be Fitbit devices and Ninja Kitchen appliances like air fryers and food processors.
The Fitbit is expected to be one of the most discounted items this holiday season, by retailers across the board, according to Julie Ramhold, a consumer analyst with DealNews.com, who has been tracking promotional activity. "I think Kohl's will have every Fitbit model on sale that exists for Black Friday."
However, if multiple stores have an item, like a Fitbit, a retailer will try to win the sale by winning on price. And winning by offering a lower price also means sacrificing profits.
Retailers "have to have something really special to drive traffic," Rampoldt said. "But the worst way for them to accomplish that is to have the same thing that everyone else has, but at a lower cost."
To be sure, Kohl's, J.C. Penney and others have invested in refreshed private labels — like Kohl's new Scott Living home brand with HGTV's "Property Brothers" — that shoppers won't be able to find anywhere else. Macy's and Nordstrom have said they've invested in having plenty of gift options this year. But it remains to be seen if those efforts will be enough to win extra holiday sales.
'Cozy' is still here
When it comes to fashion, retailers are pushing casual looks that are comfortable this holiday season, according to NPD Group analyst Beth Goldstein.
Companies appear to still be milking the "cozy" phenomenon that exploded at places like Gap, Bed Bath & Beyond and Target last year, she said. "We are in the second year. … Maybe there is one more year of it."
"I think … on the whole there hasn't been enough new excitement," she said. "I think everybody is still throwing a lot of spaghetti at the wall."
Kohl's on Black Friday will have "supersoft" plush throws on sale for $7.64 and pajama sets up to 60% off. Bed Bath & Beyond has soft Ugg bedding up to 40% off. Target has hoards of weighted blankets on sale. Gap's website is offering "50% off everything, everywhere," including on "cozy" sweaters and scarves.
Retailers need to figure out, "how do you go to the next level," Goldstein said.
Gift cards, for the 13th year in a row, remain the most popular item on holiday wish lists, according to NRF's survey of 7,782 adult consumers from Oct. 1 to Oct. 10. Clothing and accessories are second, at 52%, NRF said.
A separate survey by consulting firm Deloitte found that, out of the $1,496 it expects the average household in the U.S. to spend this holiday season, $596 will be on experiences, including on eating out, staying at hotels, transportation and flights.
This entry was posted in Consumer, Retail. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Theatre in Wales
Commentary and extended critical writing on theatre, dance and performance in Wales
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A new deal for arts and culture?
EDITORIAL New Welsh Review #49 Summer 2000
The report and recommendations of the National Assembly's inquiry into arts and culture policy in Wales will not be published until September. But it is already clear that the Post-16 Education Committee, after months of gathering verbal and written submissions from individual artists and representative organisations, intends calling for major restructuring. It looks like affecting , above all, the Arts Council of Wales.
There have been several years of standstill budgets, an internal re-organisation which abolished discrete departments for individual arts and set art forms against each other, the granting of a greater share of resources to arts flagships like Theatre Clwyd, Welsh National Opera and the planned Millennium Centre at the expense of smaller professional clients, and some messy policy U-turns after protests, all of which have left the Arts Council with few friends.
Acknowledging disatisfaction was widespread, the committee chairman, Cynog Dafis declared as the inquiry stage drew to a close that he was confident that they would "open a new chapter in cultural policy".
Tom Middlehurst, the Cabinet Secretary who will be responsible for taking the committee's recommendations to Cabinet for decision, talked of "a void at the national level which needs to be filled" and of there being "a huge opportunity for the Arts Council to reinvent itself and base itself very firmly on the Assembly's priorities".
He suggested that in future, the assembly would set the agenda, while the arts council would be responsible for delivery.
Writers and artists may feel they have reason to be troubled by such an arrangement. It would mean a departure from the arms-length principle which has guided funding of the arts ever since the setting up of the British Arts Council at the end of the second world war. There would no longer be a "Chinese wall" of worthies appointed for their knowledge of, and interest in, the arts, ostensibly exercising their judgement free from political bias or influence, standing between elected politicians voting money for the arts and the ultimate beneficiaries, writers and artists and their organisations.
But arguably the arms-length principle doesn't really work in Wales. The small middle-class pool from which ACW appointees are drawn is one in which everybody tends to know everybody else, and has always been susceptible to behind-the-scenes pressures.
Far better, in our new Welsh democracy, that differences over arts and culture policy are made transparent and debated openly, and that politicians are no longer able to use an ACW as an excuse for not taking responsibility for strategic policy and funding decisions.
To fill Tom Middlehurst's perceived "void", Ceri Sherlock, specially-appointed advisor to the committee, tabled a proposal for a "Cultural Consortium -Creu Cymru", a pro-active agency to deliver Assembly policy on culture, the arts and creative industries, grouping all quangos with an interest in culture, from the Arts Council to the Tourist Board, chaired by the responsible Assembly Secretary and answerable to the appropriate National Assembly committee. But this looks suspiciously like a quango of quangos - the non-elected bodies running much of Wales which advocates of devolution said would be committed to the bonfire once the National Assembly was up and running.
More sensible would be an arts and culture policy driven directly by an Assembly committee made up of AMs in partnership with a co-opted mix of specialists i.e. present Arts Council's appointed members. The latter would have the freedom to speak as members of the committee, but not to vote.
Such a change may prove too radical for the Assembly to stomach. But having raised expectations of a new deal for arts and culture in Wales, it would be very amaging for the devolution project as a whole if the Assembly new policy med out to be ineffectual and lost the respect of the arts community in Wales.
author:Robin Reeves
original source: New Welsh Review # 49 Summer 2000
Privacy Policy | Contact Us | ©2006 keith morris / red snapper web designs / keith@artx.co.uk


The Grow Wisconsin Dairy Team at the Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) has been working for dairy farmers for years, and now there are new grants available to do more. The Grow Wisconsin Dairy Producer Grants offer technical assistance to dairy farmers to help them meet the state's goal of the Dairy 30x20 Initiative.
"Governor Walker recently announced the Dairy 30x20 Initiative and his commitment to the long-term viability of the state's $26.5 billion dairy industry," said DATCP Secretary Ben Brancel. "The Grow Wisconsin Dairy Producer Grants are a new tool available for producers to retain farms, facilitate operational changes and improve profitability. By helping each farm become profitable, Wisconsin will produce 30 billion pounds of milk annually by 2020."
The grant will be flexible and customizable to meet the needs of individual farms. Monies from the grant will be used by farmers to hire consultants and build a team of experts with a broad range of expertise to address specific business needs on their operation.
? Planning & Preparation Teams: Up to a $5,000 grant to be applied towards business development and expansion needs. Examples include business planning, financial analysis, transition planning and farm transfers. The grant money can also provide assistance with professional services costs related to dairy farm modernization and expansion efforts such as siting, engineering, design, layout of new barns, parlors or farm structures.
? Dairy Profit Teams: Up to a $5,000 grant to develop an on-farm management team to assist dairy producers in improving management of existing operational systems and identify opportunities to improve profit. Topics include new or appropriate technology implementation, farm growth, financial success, long-term sustainability, and production enhancing measures.
Cost share payments by the farmer are required at 20% of the grant amount. A grant request for proposals for the Grow Wisconsin Dairy Producer Grants includes a one-page pre-application that covers contact information, farm information, business goals and project area(s) of focus.
These grants were created by the ATCP 161.60 emergency rule, which authorizes DATCP to award grants and loans to dairy producers for projects designed to promote the growth of the dairy industry. When the former Dairy 2020 Program transferred from the then Department of Commerce to DATCP with Wis. Act 32, the budget act also transferred an annual appropriation of $200,000 for each year of the biennium.
The Grow Wisconsin Dairy Producer Grants are part of the Dairy 30x20 Initiative, which grew out of months of discussions between DATCP staff and dairy industry leaders across the state. Representatives from the Dairy Business Association, Cooperative Network, Professional Dairy Producers of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Farm Bureau Federation, Wisconsin Farmers Union, Wisconsin National Farmers Organization, Wisconsin Cheese Makers Association, Wisconsin Dairy Products Association, GrassWorks Inc, UW-Extension, Wisconsin Center for Dairy Research, Wisconsin Center for Dairy Profitability and the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board worked with DATCP staff and determined Wisconsin needed more milk to meet the growing demand of the marketplace.
To access the grant application materials, visit GrowWisconsinDairy.wi.gov. To contact the Grow Wisconsin Dairy Team, call toll-free 1-855-WIDAIRY (943-2479) or email GrowWisconsinDairy@wi.gov. You can also connect with DATCP on Twitter at twitter.com/widatcp or Facebook at facebook.com/widatcp.


text:
Q: Using angular ng-options in select but the array is changing in scope and it is being displayed later I am using select and loading values using ng-options
<select class="label-filter" ng-model="filter" ng-init="filter=(labels[0].val)" ng-change="regCtrl.labelSelected()" ng-options="option.val as option.name for option in labels">

I am changing $scope.labels array in controller file. But change is not getting visible instantly. After the button which calls that function is clicked twice or thrice then the new options appear in select menu
The function where i am changing
   this.containsObject = function(obj, list) {
        var i;
        for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
            if (list[i]['name'] == obj['name']) {
                return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
 }

this.addLabelsToFilter = function() {
    var labelList = [];
    labelList.push({'name':'All','val':''});
        for (var i = 0; i < self._annos.length; i++) {
            var entry = {};
            entry['name'] = self._annos[i]['label'];
            entry['val'] = self._annos[i]['label'];
            if(!self.containsObject(entry,labelList))
            labelList.push(entry);
    }

    $scope.labels = labelList;
}

This addLabelsToFIlter is being called in a function from model side
   this.loadCanvasImage = function(image){
self._img.onload = function(){
        self._refresh(0, 0, false,self._curr_filter_label);

        self.addLabelsToFilter();
        console.log($scope.labels);
        self.setZoom();}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Blazing fast, structured, leveled logging in Go.

## Installation

`go get -u go.uber.org/zap`

Note that zap only supports the two most recent minor versions of Go.

## Quick Start

In contexts where performance is nice, but not critical, use the
`SugaredLogger`. It's 4-10x faster than than other structured logging
packages and includes both structured and `printf`-style APIs.

```go
logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
defer logger.Sync() // flushes buffer, if any
sugar := logger.Sugar()
sugar.Infow("failed to fetch URL",
  // Structured context as loosely typed key-value pairs.
  "url", url,
  "attempt", 3,
  "backoff", time.Second,
)
sugar.Infof("Failed to fetch URL: %s", url)
```

When performance and type safety are critical, use the `Logger`. It's even
faster than the `SugaredLogger` and allocates far less, but it only supports
structured logging.

```go
logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
defer logger.Sync()
logger.Info("failed to fetch URL",
  // Structured context as strongly typed Field values.
  zap.String("url", url),
  zap.Int("attempt", 3),
  zap.Duration("backoff", time.Second),
)
```

See the [documentation][doc] and [FAQ](FAQ.md) for more details.

## Performance

For applications that log in the hot path, reflection-based serialization and
string formatting are prohibitively expensive — they're CPU-intensive
and make many small allocations. Put differently, using `encoding/json` and
`fmt.Fprintf` to log tons of `interface{}`s makes your application slow.

Zap takes a different approach. It includes a reflection-free, zero-allocation
JSON encoder, and the base `Logger` strives to avoid serialization overhead
and allocations wherever possible. By building the high-level `SugaredLogger`
on that foundation, zap lets users *choose* when they need to count every
allocation and when they'd prefer a more familiar, loosely typed API.

As measured by its own [benchmarking suite][], not only is zap more performant
than comparable structured logging packages — it's also faster than the
standard library. Like all benchmarks, take these with a grain of salt.[1](#footnote-versions)

Log a message and 10 fields:

| Package | Time | Objects Allocated |
| :--- | :---: | :---: |
| :zap: zap | 3131 ns/op | 5 allocs/op |
| :zap: zap (sugared) | 4173 ns/op | 21 allocs/op |
| zerolog | 16154 ns/op | 90 allocs/op |
| lion | 16341 ns/op | 111 allocs/op |
| go-kit | 17049 ns/op | 126 allocs/op |
| logrus | 23662 ns/op | 142 allocs/op |
| log15 | 36351 ns/op | 149 allocs/op |
| apex/log | 42530 ns/op | 126 allocs/op |

Log a message with a logger that already has 10 fields of context:

| Package | Time | Objects Allocated |
| :--- | :---: | :---: |
| :zap: zap | 380 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
| :zap: zap (sugared) | 564 ns/op | 2 allocs/op |
| zerolog | 321 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
| lion | 7092 ns/op | 39 allocs/op |
| go-kit | 20226 ns/op | 115 allocs/op |
| logrus | 22312 ns/op | 130 allocs/op |
| log15 | 28788 ns/op | 79 allocs/op |
| apex/log | 42063 ns/op | 115 allocs/op |

Log a static string, without any context or `printf`-style templating:

| Package | Time | Objects Allocated |
| :--- | :---: | :---: |
| :zap: zap | 361 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
| :zap: zap (sugared) | 534 ns/op | 2 allocs/op |
| zerolog | 323 ns/op | 0 allocs/op |
| standard library | 575 ns/op | 2 allocs/op |
| go-kit | 922 ns/op | 13 allocs/op |
| lion | 1413 ns/op | 10 allocs/op |
| logrus | 2291 ns/op | 27 allocs/op |
| apex/log | 3690 ns/op | 11 allocs/op |
| log15 | 5954 ns/op | 26 allocs/op |

## Development Status: Stable

All APIs are finalized, and no breaking changes will be made in the 1.x series
of releases. Users of semver-aware dependency management systems should pin
zap to `^1`.

## Contributing

We encourage and support an active, healthy community of contributors —
including you! Details are in the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) and
the [code of conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). The zap maintainers keep an eye on
issues and pull requests, but you can also report any negative conduct to
oss-conduct@uber.com. That email list is a private, safe space; even the zap
maintainers don't have access, so don't hesitate to hold us to a high
standard.

Released under the [MIT License](LICENSE.txt).

1 In particular, keep in mind that we may be
benchmarking against slightly older versions of other packages. Versions are
pinned in zap's [glide.lock][] file. [↩](#anchor-versions)

[doc-img]: https://godoc.org/go.uber.org/zap?status.svg
[doc]: https://godoc.org/go.uber.org/zap
[ci-img]: https://travis-ci.org/uber-go/zap.svg?branch=master
[ci]: https://travis-ci.org/uber-go/zap
[cov-img]: https://codecov.io/gh/uber-go/zap/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
[cov]: https://codecov.io/gh/uber-go/zap
[benchmarking suite]: https://github.com/uber-go/zap/tree/master/benchmarks
[glide.lock]: https://github.com/uber-go/zap/blob/master/glide.lock

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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