The biggest mistakes I've made in my career were borne of a lack of courage and a fear of the unknown. Hesitation has done more harm than impetuousness, though both have cost me plenty.
I know for a fact that things happen for a reason. There are puzzle pieces that have fit together for me so perfectly that their being in the same box cannot have been an accident. Fate is not so abhorrent a belief once you've decided that you are meant to have a meaningful fate.
No one gets away with anything. Any envy I've felt at the questionable success of others has been misplaced, as people end up paying for their corner-cutting. Eventually…but always.
"Uncertainty" is the most overused descriptive term on Wall Street and in life. I'm waiting for someone to let me know when things are "Certain".
I've kept a mental list of people I've let down. The list has gotten longer, but the anguish fades away over time. Never completely, though.
I've kept a mental list of those who've let me down. The list has not grown in some time – I stopped putting myself in a position to be let down by people long ago.
There's nothing funny about professional asset management. There's plenty to find funny about financial news and commentary. Blogging the humorous side of the markets allows me the necessary outlet so that the serious business of helping people invest doesn't overwhelm me.
I tend to get caught up in the madness of crowds. This is not always a bad thing. No one needs to be an outlier at all times, it's lonely and dangerous. I also tend to snap out of the madness before the crowd goes off the cliff, which is helpful.
Nothing good ever happens after 2 AM. It took me 15 years to learn that lesson and every once in a while, I willfully forget it.
I've done and said things to people in the distant past that still make me physically sick when they pop into my head now and then. This sickening feeling has had a lot to do with my improvement as a person, however.
I'm not a boss, a manager or a leader. I've been in that role more often than I should have and it doesn't suit me at all.
The prettiest people I know are the ugliest on the inside. They've never been unpopular or denied anything, and as a result they've never developed a soul.
A single bite of someone else's pizza tastes infinitely better than if you were to have an entire pie in front of you, all to yourself. There's a lesson here that is more about moderation and desire than it is about sharing.
I am loyal to a fault. Sometimes I'm loyal to the wrong people, or for too long, or for the wrong reasons, but loyal nonetheless. It's a virtue that acts like a flaw.
Anyone can fire off an email or a text. It's when someone takes the time to write to you that the content is truly meaningful.
If I could have just one super power, I'd want the ability to take the pain for myself every time one of my kids gets sick or falls down.
Thanks to all my readers, I'll be gone for a little while but returning with very big news.
I think technologies just makes it worse. Now there's a channel to by no means treatment, now there is not going to become a chance for them to find.
I believe technology just makes it even worse. Now there is a channel to in no way care, now there is not going to be considered a probability for them to discover.
I feel know-how just can make it worse. Now there's a channel to in no way treatment, now there is not going to be a possibility for them to find out.
I think technological know-how just makes it worse. Now there's a channel to in no way treatment, now there won't become a probability for them to find.
July 11, 2012 Why Do Stocks Rally Into FOMC Day?


Cavechat.org • View topic - Any cave at Point Pleasant, West Virginia?
Any cave at Point Pleasant, West Virginia?
Next month I am going to the Mothman Festival.
Are there any nearby caves that I might visit, if I have the time?


Russia and Armenia will intensify their talks on gas, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters, TASS reports.
According to him, the topic was touched upon at the meeting of the Russian President Vladimir Putin and Armenia's acting Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in Moscow on December 27.
According to him, certain deadlines for the completion of these negotiations have been set. "The time frame for the talks have been defined, because we are running out of time," the Kremlin spokesman said.
Armenia's acting Prime Minister said after talks with Vladimir Putin hat he is "optimistic" about the Russian gas price supplied to Armenia.


text:
Butcher Boys
16 April 2014 Arts & Culture, Performance
Two butchers sons, the bull and the puer aeternus (eternal boy). Once angry and confused in severed relationships with their fathers, now resolute. Existing in frameworks built from memories within and without the body and from the spaces between thoughts and feelings.
Butcher Boys is a new collaborative work created by director/performer Tony Yap and performers Brendan O'Connor and Jessi Lewis – who have worked from memory to create a work of sincerity and openness that speaks of the connection between father and son.
Through Butoh, Suzuki and improvisation – they explore the psychological anatomy hoping to lay bare the triggers of past hurt, moving through and becoming. The performance space becomes a body installation, where audiences are allowed the freedom to move, immersing them – in turn influencing the dance.
Butcher Boys is to be the last event to be held within the historic Patterson's Building on Smith St, Fitzroy – before it is converted into residential apartments – not only providing audiences with a thought provoking and innovative dance work, but a glimpse in one of Melbourne's last grand buildings.
Tony Yap is an accomplished dancer, director, choreographer and visual artist. Tony was one of the principle performers with IRAA Theatre (1989-1996) and has worked extensively in Australia and overseas. Tony has received numerous nominations and awards including his solo work The Decay of the Angel which won him a Green Room Award for Best Male Dancer. Tony is the Creative Director of Melaka Arts and Performance Festival and Square of Light Festival, Federation Square.
Brendan OConnor has performed as a soloist and as member of the Tony Yap Company in various works from 2009-2014 and at Melaka Arts and Performance (MAP) Festival, Malaysia; The Arts Island Festival; the 'Eulogy for the Living', Mining Exchange, Ballarat and Light in Winter Festival, Federation Square, Melbourne.
Jessi Lewis has performed some 13 solo shows, 2 solo exhibitions and either produced or performed in countless projects over the past 9 years. His most recent, IDAHO in collaboration with Kevin McGreal. In 2014, he will be performing in Indonesia with the Arts Island Festival and returning to Malaysia for Melaka Art and Performance Festival along with frequent performances in Melbourne.
Patterson's Building – Level One, 181 Smith St, Fitzroy
Season: 24 – 26 April 2014 – 8.00pm
Bookings: www.trybooking.com/EMGZ or at the door (if available)
Image: Butcher Boys

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There's Something Odd Going On Here.
For many, many years, my building had the mail delivered by one regular postman. Other than his regular summer vacations, he was always here at about 1:oo. At some point his route changed and he started coming at 4:00, but whichever time he was supposed to be here, he was here.
He was really good and dependable. Packages were brought to our door and we knew him, and he knew us, by name and friendly greetings. Eventually he retired and of course for years now our mail service has sucked. He was probably the only good mailman in Brooklyn.
Everyone loves 1950's clip art!
But lately the mail has been showing up at close to 8 pm. This can't be a regular route. What postal worker is out delivering mail at that hour?
And it gets odder. I've seen the mailman twice. Both times he was delivering the mail with an "assistant," an older woman that has to be his wife. She doesn't wear a uniform and takes mail out of a school knapsack.
Also, I get a service from the USPS. They email me pictures of my mail that is scheduled to be delivered that day. For a while it was spot on, now the letters in the email arrive about three days later. If at all.
So am I right in assuming that much of my mail is sitting in that guy's living room, along with piles of other people's mail that my carrier may never get to because he has fallen so far behind?
That's because he's out all day spraying "Never Wipe" around town!
Lol. I don't think he's that professional.


I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and until they establish the salah and pay the zakat. And if they do that then they will have gained protection from me for their lives and property, unless [they commit acts that are punishable] in Islam, and their reckoning will be with Allah.
Now comes the system of probability, which supposes to become little more complicated than Martingale system.
do not be eligible for the complete winning amount however, you should be able to enjoy only a part of it.


Compact 800, 4 Cylinder auto change over kit with isolation valve, Clessinox stainless pigtails and mounting plate, with OPSO. Push button reset and adjustable pressure output. 5kgh 70kW - 37mb. EN13786 and EN16129 compliant.
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Compact 800 OPSO 2 cylinder ACO c/w Stainless Steel Clessinox Pigtails + Stainless Steel Testpoint hose + 15&22mm Compression fittings. Whether two, four or more cylinders the C800 OPSO ensures reliable pressure delivery and consumer safety with the new over pressure protection system. No need to remove caps or pull resets just a clear Push to Set device cancelling the red trip indicator. The latest in the range of compact regulators for LPG cylinders is developed and manufactured by Clesse in France using the new patented OPSO design. BS EN Standard. EN13786 and fully compliant to new EN16129, Clesse Industries in France is independently audited by BSI ISO 9001:2008.Home owners, park operators and installers can be assured that the new Clesse changeover regulator fitted today meets the standards of tomorrow.
Clessinox stainless steel hose kit suitable for upgrading Compact 800 or any other 2 cylinder installation to 4 cylinders. Can also be used as a hose replacement kit.
Hose kit suitable for upgrading Compact 800 or any other 4 cylinder installation to Clessinox stainless steel pigtails. Can also be used as a hose replacement kit.
Package comprises, Compact 800 2 Cylinder auto change over kit with isolation valve, pigtails and mounting plate, featuring the Consumer Safety Reset (CSR) Over Pressure Shut Off (OPSO) system, a 1.2 mtr hose assembly 15mm/22mm with integrated test point. Adjustable 37mb 5kg/h.
LPG Cylinder stand with M59 changeover kit, pigtails, ball valve, 1.2mtr 1/2"x1/2" test point hose, with 15mm and 22mm compression fittings.


text:
Q: How 'Input/Output' ports are mapped into memory? I have been trying to understand I/O ports and their mappings with the memory & I/O address space. I read about 'Memory Mapped I/O' and was wondering how this is accomplished by OS/Hardware. Does OS/Hardware uses some kind of table to map address specified in the instruction to respective port ?

A: Implementations differ in many ways. But the basic idea is that when a read or write occurs for a memory address, the microprocessor outputs the address on its bus. Hardware (called an 'address decoder') detects that the address is for a particular memory-mapped I/O device and enables that device as the target of the operation.
Typically, the OS doesn't do anything special. On some platforms, the BIOS or operating system may have to configure certain parameters for the hardware to work properly.
For example, the range may have to be set as uncacheable to prevent the caching logic from reordering operations to devices that care about the order in which things happen. (Imagine if one write tells the hardware what operation to do and another write tells the hardware to start. Reordering those could be disastrous.)
On some platforms, the operating system or BIOS may have to set certain memory-mapped I/O ranges as 'slow' by adding wait states. This is because the hardware that's the target of the operation may not be as fast as the system memory is.
Some devices may allow the operating system to choose where in memory to map the device. This is typical of newer plug-and-play devices on the PC platform.
In some devices, such as microcontrollers, this is all done entirely inside a single chip. A write to a particular address is routed in hardware to a particular port or register. This can include general-purpose I/O registers which interface to pins on the chip.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nayrobi Garcia joined the Tobin Properties Family legacy in early 2016 and is the Executive Assistant the Senior Vice President of Commercial Real Estate.
She believes in providing exceptional service by treating each and every transaction, Investor, Broker, Tenant and Landlord with the highest respect and equality. Her ability to become engaged in every step of the acquisition, disposition, and leasing process, has made her a tremendous asset to Tobin Properties. Prior to coming onboard, Nayrobi was the Transaction Coordinator and Marketing Manager at Marcus and Millichap Miami Office. She originates from California where she earned over 7 years of experience working for a property management company.
Nayrobi studied Business Administration at Santa Monica College. She currently holds a real estate License in the State of Florida and California.
Nayrobi's passion for animals shows in an ongoing effort of rescuing abused and abandoned animals and volunteering on the weekends for Grate Paws Animal Rescue.


We know winning isn't everything. But it sure is nice.
RizePoint builds high-quality software that helps companies deliver a positive brand experience in every location. We had mobile auditing before most people had mobile phones. Maybe it's just our Utah roots, but we're proud of being the pioneers in quality management software. Our product and our people are award-winning, so we hope you don't mind if we brag a little.


In the Mid-Atlantic region, our staff often encounter the common misconception that protecting the environment and supporting farmers are incompatible. This is likely because agriculture is the largest source of nutrient and sediment pollution reaching local streams and the Chesapeake Bay.
However, the narrative that farmers don't care about the environment or preserving wildlife habitat is simply untrue. In fact, farmers are some of our most valuable conservationists and understand the impact humans can have on the environment better than anyone. However, farmers often lack the resources needed to implement conservation practices on their land.
The Commonwealth of Virginia understands this barrier and has created an Agricultural Cost Share Program. This program is designed to help farmers implement best management practices (BMPs) on their land by offsetting the costs of conservation projects. BMPs include projects like fencing to keep cows out of waterways, planting trees along stream-banks, and instituting rotational grazing practices. Not only are these practices good for the environment, but they help increase a farmer's bottom-line.
The Agricultural Cost Share Program helps Virginia's frogs, birds, and other wildlife that depend on clean water. Credit: Nylia Laney.
For instance, cattle farmers who have implemented BMPs on their property have been able to increase the number of cattle they raise and have seen a decrease in the occurrence of disease.
Sounds great, right? One problem: the amount of money available for these projects varies from year to year and, in some areas of the state, the demand exceeds available funds.
Virginia members of the Choose Clean Water Coalition, a coalition of more than 230 nonprofit organizations across the Chesapeake Bay watershed dedicated to restoring and protecting clean water and hosted by the National Wildlife Federation, united to advocate for continued, and increased, funding for the Agricultural Cost Share Program.The Coalition spoke with three different farmers in different parts of the Virginia who were willing to talk about their experience with the program.
Watch, learn, and share this video on Twitter to help us convince the Virginia General Assembly to allocate more funding to this incredible program that supports farmers and wildlife conservation.


text:
Малые гидрографические суда проекта 16611 «Фарватер» — серия  российских судов специальной постройки для нужд гидрографической службы ВМФ РФ. Первоначально классифицировались как большие гидрографические катера, позже переклассифицированы в малые гидрографические суда.

Относятся к  кораблям 4-го ранга.

Район плавания судов проекта — водные районы, отнесенные Регистром к 1-му ограниченному району плавания.

Проект
Проект разработан в Рыбинске в КБ завода № 341 (СКБ-341), с 2001 года КБ вошло в состав АО «Концерн средне- и малотоннажного кораблестроения». Проект корпуса разрабатывался на основе конструкции корпусов противопожарных катеров проекта 14613, и по своему исполнению аналогичен их корпусу.

Задачи
В задачи судов проекта входят:
 съёмка рельефа дна в прибрежных районах морей;
 площадное обследование рельефа дна с шириной охвата 40 метров;
 промер с инструментальной оценкой;
 гидрографическое траление;
 гидрографические измерения;
 обслуживание средств навигационного оборудования и гидрографических партий.

Тактико-технические характеристики
 Водоизмещение полное: 384,7 тонн
 Длина: 39,8 метра
 Ширина: 9,8 метра; 42,28 метра (расчетная с забортным устройством в рабочем положении)
 Осадка: 2,2 метра
 Скорость полного хода: 11,5 узла
 Дальность плавания: 1600 миль
 Автономность: 10 суток (по запасам провизии и пресной воды)
 Экипаж: 15 человек

ГЭУ
ГЭУ состоит из двух дизель-редукторных агрегатов ДРА-525, мощностью по 400 л.с. с передачей мощности по валопроводам на два винта регулируемого шага и одно подруливающее носовое устройство. Также в линии валопроводов включены приводы малого хода ПМХ2, способные обеспечить малый ход для производства промерных работ. Для выработки электроэнергии служит один дизель-генератор мощностью 300 кВт. На ГС-599 в качестве составляющих ГЭУ использованы два дизеля Deutz BF8M 1015MC мощностью по 568 л.с.

Гидрографическое оборудование
 Широкополосный эхотрал — применяется для измерения глубины по способу траления участков морского дна
 «Съемка» — многоканальный эхолот
 «Мускат-2» — малогабаритный гидроакустический комплекс площадной съемки рельефа дна в прибрежной зоне
 «Приз» — промерный эхолот
 «Крабик-БМ» — приемоиндикатор

История строительства
Все суда серии строились в Рыбинске на судостроительном заводе «Вымпел».

Представители проекта

См. также
 Гидрографическая служба России

Примечания

Литература

 Ковтун В.А., Сорокин А.В., Юхнин Б.В. На страже безопасности мореплавания. Страницы истории гидрографической службы Балтийского флота. // Очерки из истории Балтийского флота. Книга 5. Калининград, Янтарный сказ, 2002. Стр.264-271.

Ссылки
 Малые гидрографические суда проекта 16611, шифр «Фарватер»
 Проект 16611 на сайте «Водный транспорт»

Гидрографические суда России
Появились в 1993 году в России

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Charles Patteson (11 November 1891 – 9 December 1957) was an English international hockey player, first-class cricketer and clergyman.

Patteson was born at Upper Norwood in November 1891. He was educated at Marlborough College, and returned as an assistant master when he served in the Marlborough College contingent of the Officers' Training Corps as a cadet officer. From there he went up to the University of Cambridge, where played five first-class cricket matches for Cambridge University in 1912. He scored 157 run in these five matches, at an average of 22.42 and a high score of 57. He also gained his Blue at hockey. After graduating from Cambridge he became a clergyman. Patteson played minor counties cricket for Wiltshire between 1920–22, making ten appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He played international hockey in 1920, turning out for England against both Scotland and Ireland.

He married Isabel Mary Cornwall (daughter of Alan Cornwall) whose brother Alan Cornwall also taught at Marlborough. He held a curacy at St Mary's Lambeth and then became vicar of St Anne's, South Lambeth in 1927. Following those posts, he became Vicar of West Dulwich in 1931 and then Vicar of Scarborough in 1936. He subsequently became a Canon of York and chaplain of St Peter's School, York. Finally he became Vicar of Howden in 1956. He died on 9 December 1957 at Howden, Yorkshire.

References

External links

1891 births
1957 deaths
People from Upper Norwood
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
20th-century English Anglican priests
Wiltshire cricketers
English male field hockey players


I teach guitar at micarelli music and have been playing for over forty years. I can teach ANYBODY how to play guitar. I have students ranging in age from 6 to almost 70 years of age. I know that most people are nervous and think that they are different from everyone else and don't catch on straight away! Well the truth is that describes everyone I teach and thats what I like about teaching guitar. Its always different because you can't just flip open a music book and teach like that anymore. I use videos and one on one instruction to find the method thats right for YOU to learn. Call me.


Hello! My name is Moritz Schmittat – I'm a wedding photographer and filmmaker based in Guildford.
I love my work and consider myself fortunate to witness and document so many emotional moments. To me wedding photography is equally an art and a creative service. My secret is to blend in, to be part of the celebration and shoot the action from close-by without disturbing or interfering – I'm a silent hunter, always looking for the next beautiful moment.
As a wedding photographer I very much understand that every bride and groom pairing is unique and that there is no standard approach to creating meaningful wedding photography – there is no 'off-the-shelf', there is only 'personal and bespoke'.
I've always been a natural observer and I'm especially interested to capture that special kind of energy that only exists between the two of you. As a wedding photographer I find it fascinating, challenging and extremely satisfying to create photos that 'speak' to you as they tell the story of your day – honestly and tastefully. Every wedding is an emotional rollercoaster ride, from the excitement in the morning, to the emotional highpoints of the vows, to the hilarious moments of the speeches and the wild party energy on the dance floor. I like to be close to the action without ever drawing attention to myself.
Even though I love beautifully composed portraits (and they look impressive printed) I'm even more interested in the little moments that happen along the way – the little looks, the honest laughters, the true emotions! For every wedding photographer it's the biggest honour to know that these pictures might hang in your home for many years to come.
I hope this page will be useful and that you will get an impression of my style and approach. I'm not a big marketeer and prefer to rather let my pictures and videos do the talking. Being based in Guildford I do generally consider myself a Surrey wedding photographer. I have also travelled all across the UK and EU for photography jobs and will happily negotiate travel arrangements with you. For an informal chat over coffee, please don't hesitate to get in touch with me today – I'm looking forward to hearing from you.


I really really really love the way Craighton Berman draws and thinks and have been in awe of his submissions to Coretoons under the pen "Fueled by Coffee." But I'm particularly in awe of the cleanliness and sanity of his note taking as shown in some scans in recent post. With marker shading? Yeah, I kind of just get dumb and stop wanting to go on.


Our quality crafted Betty Boop Vintage Leather Checkbook Cover is the perfect complement to your Artistic check order. The inside pockets provide room for your ID credit cards receipts and more. King Features Syndicate Inc.Fleischer Studios Inc. TM Hearst Holdings Inc.Fleischer Studios Inc.


This document presents the findings of an extensive study of the leather tanning and finishing industry for the purpose of developing effluent limitations guidelines, standards of performance, and pretreatment standards. Effluent limitations guidelines set forth the degree of effluent reduction attainable through the application of the best practicable control technology currently available and the degree of effluent reduction attainable through the application of the best available technology economically achievable. Supportive data and rationale for development of the proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards of performance are contained in this report. Processes, wastes, control technologies and costs are discussed.


J. L. Toole was one of the most infamous of the Music Hall performers. He had worked the halls his whole life and travelled across Britain and toured America with his act. He was legendary for his 'One Night Only' performances. He made detailed studies of human emotions and could cry, laugh and become angry whenever the song or audience demanded. When his fame was at its height, he established 'Toole's Theatre', where he both performed and produced. However the death of his son in 1879, and then his wife and daughter the following year had a devastating effect and he retired to Brighton where he published his reminiscences.


Things are already heating up as Jon Snow and Daenerys Targaryen returned to Winterfell along with an enormous army and two fully-grown dragons. Not so surprisingly, Sansa Stark isn't fully on board with Jon bending the knee to the Queen and wonders if he did it to save the North, or because he's fallen in love. Of course we all know it's BOTH! The Season 8 Episode 1 cliffhanger finds Jaime Lannister riding on horseback incognito into Winterfell. After stepping down off his horse and removing his cape to reveal his identity, he surveys the grim surroundings, only to make eye contact with Bran Stark, the boy he tried to kill in the Series pilot nearly a decade before. Needless to say, things will probably not go well for Lannister, and if the Episode 2 preview trailer is any indication, he'll have to pull a miracle to survive not only the Stark's, but Daenerys, after all, he murdered her father the "Mad King." Watch the trailer below.


It is our pleasure to announce the arrival of a brand new collection of stunning original paintings by leading commercial artist Danny Abrahams.
Here at Heartbeat we have fallen in love with contemporary landscape artist Danny Abrahams' colourful skies, charming scenes of childhood memories and the warm glow of nostalgia his beautiful paintings evoke. These brand new heart warming pieces depict the simple beauty of life through a child's eyes . The collection includes seven original paintings in high quality, glossy frames ready to light up any home. How can you resist?


text:
Nintendo Is Hoping To Provide More Backstory To ARMS In Future Updates
By My Nintendo News Admin June 19, 2017
10 Comments on Nintendo Is Hoping To Provide More Backstory To ARMS In Future Updates
ARMS was released worldwide on Friday and has proven to be a reasonable success so far in the United Kingdom. One thing that owners of the game are wondering is will there ever be more of a backstory to the game? Because at the moment that is an area where it is unfortunately lacking. Glixel caught up with ARMS producer Kosuke Yabuki and art director Masaaki Ishikawa and asked them if this is something they are looking into with the upcoming content that is coming to the game.
Is there a backstory to the game? Are you going to explore the lore in more detail somewhere other than the game like Overwatch does?
Kosuke Yabuki: We're doing a bit of that right now. So far it's only happening on Japanese social media, but it's starting to provide some background on where the arm abilities come from, and we've started to talk about why people have stretchy arms in the game. That's the kind of thing we're creating to bring a greater sense of reality to the game. We're hoping to do a lot more of that as time goes on. That said – if you really want to know why they have stretchy arms? The real answer is: because Nintendo.
Masaaki Ishikawa: The most important thing for us is that it's more fun if the arms extend. So that's what we did. We are preparing a proper background story though. Don't worry.
Tags: Arms backstory nintendo switch
reeleemee says:
Yea that's what I was thinking. Not really a reason for extending arms just that Nintendo thought it would be fun and it is lol if their gna make a story make it believable at least not something tacked on
Agato says:
If the backstory is bad it will worsen the game instead. Careful…
Navi says:
Why does it need a backstory?
magmoor says:
It could be a simple FYI thing
The Man of Brisk says:
I wouldn't mind getting a bit more story- for one of the oddest elements in any Nintendo game ever, sure we could use more background.
As long as ARMS is the topic, I wonder what other DLC fighters we'll see… If they're not reusing any materials that make up the elongated ARMS, they'll have to start getting more creative.
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text:
Open Dialogue FoundationFoundationIn the media"INTERPOL and Russia – time for sanctions?" – The Red Notice Law Journal on the ODF's statement
"INTERPOL and Russia – time for sanctions?" – The Red Notice Law Journal on the ODF's statement
5 June 2016 | Author: Author: Editorial office
The Open Dialog Foundation released a statement on May 9 regarding the involvement of Russian officials in the 'Magnitsky list' who are also involved in other politically motivated criminal proceedings in Russia – the Red Notice Law Journal informed.
"Open Dialog advocacy officer Tomasz Kłosowicz presented information on other politically motivated criminal prosecutions and connected these cases to officials who were also connected to the Sergei Magnitsky case. The Red Notice Law Journal has previously addressed the Magnitsky case here and here" – we read on the Red Notice Law Journal site.
In its statement, Open Dialog addressed the cases of Nadiya Savchenko, a former Ukrainian pilot and politician convicted for the murder of Russian journalists; the protestors of Bolotnaya Square and Manezhnaya Square, prosecuted for being members of opposition movements and organizations; the leaders of Yukos, accused of fraud and tax evasion; and Mukhtar Ablyazov, a opposition politician and businessman accused of embezzling funds. The purpose of the statement is to demonstrate how corruption and oppression in Russia has led to the abuse and exploitation of both its citizens and foreign nationals, and to serve as a call to action to raise awareness and prevent the unjust treatment and prosecution of these individuals. The Open Dialog Foundation says that it aims to identify that corruption in Russia is systemic and in direct violation of human rights laws.
Source: rednoticelawjournal.com
Magnitsky List , Interpol , Russia , sanctions , Open Dialogue , Magnitsky Act


Of course, most of us know water molecules consist of two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom – hence the chemical formula H2O. We also know some of the properties of water, such as its ability to act as a solvent for many compounds, absorb and release heat, penetrate into small spaces in soil and rock, form ice that floats on surface water bodies, transport nutrients and waste in living organisms, and act as a major force capable of changing the earth's surface. But how is this simple compound able to do such amazing things? The answer lies in the structure of the water molecule itself – a masterpiece of simplicity that sustains the complexity of our entire planet.
The hydrogen and oxygen atoms join to produce a V-shaped molecule, with hydrogen atoms on one end and oxygen on the other. This configuration produces a highly polar molecule, having a positive charge on the hydrogen end and a negative on the oxygen end. Each end then attracts the oppositely charged ends of other water molecules and forms connections called hydrogen bonds.
Due to its low molecular weight, water would normally be a gas at regular temperatures, but the molecules are bonded so tightly that the water is kept in a liquid state – a property that is obviously very important to all life.
The polar nature of the water molecule makes it an excellent solvent for a wide variety of compounds. In fact, it is considered the universal solvent. When another substance is added to water, for example salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), the NaCl molecule dissociates allowing the positively charged sodium ion to attach to the negative end of the water molecule, and the negatively charged chlorine ion to attach to the positive end. This prevents the sodium chloride molecule from reforming, thus holding the salt in solution.
This property enables water to act as a transport medium for the movement of nutrients and wastes to and within plant and animal tissues – another property essential to life. In fact, water is involved in most of the earth's chemical reactions. Water also has the ability to dissolve molecules of oxygen, which makes it possible for aquatic life to exist.
The strong bonds between water molecules also produce a strong film on the water surface (this is surface tension). This film allows water to hold up materials with larger weights and densities. To many insects, surface tension is important to their life cycles and crucial for survival. Waves are created when the surface tension is utilized for the transfer of energy from wind to water. Waves are important for oxygen diffusion in surface water bodies.
The V-shaped water molecule consists of one oxygen atom (red), and two hydrogen atoms (grey). This configuration makes the hydrogen end positively charged and the opposite end negative.
Due to their polar nature, water molecules are attracted to molecules of other substances. This can be seen occurring in plant tissues, soils, glass, paper, and many other materials. The charged ends of the water molecules 'reach out' to the molecules of the other substance and adhere to them, at the same time pulling attached water molecules along for the ride (this is capillary action).In this way, water can actually travel up a glass tube, and be drawn into a paper towel or a sponge, thus allowing us to soak up spilled water. More importantly, this property allows water to move into small spaces such as between grains of soil and rock, and is responsible for the movement of water (and nutrients) through plants, making plant life possible.
A very unique and important property of water occurs during the freezing process. In most substances, cooling brings molecules closer together resulting in an increase in density that reaches a maximum in its solid state. With a higher density, a solid will be heavier than its liquid state and will subsequently sink. But ice (solid water) floats on top of liquid water. How is this possible? Once again, one must look to the interaction of the water molecules for the answer.
As water cools, it becomes denser until it reaches a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius – its point of highest density. As it continues to cool, molecules start to orient themselves into clusters, with each molecule joining through hydrogen bonding to four others in a tetrahedral arrangement. Since the molecules are progressively forming these complex structures, they are not as tightly packed together, and the density increases – the water expands.
At zero degrees Celsius (freezing point), the ice crystals actually consists of rings of these tetrahedrons forming a highly ordered yet loosely structured complex of molecules. The molecules in the ice crystals are not as tightly packed as in the liquid water around them, which means they are lighter and subsequently float to the top – hence the formation of ice at the surface of water bodies.
If water acted the same as other materials, ice would sink and lakes and rivers would freeze from the bottom up. Aquatic life could, therefore, not exist in cold climates. Northern water bodies would also probably never completely thaw.
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules produces a strong film on the water surface that is crucial to aquatic life.
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are difficult to break, requiring a lot of energy. This gives water an unusually high boiling point, thereby allowing the absorption of a great deal of energy before the occurrence of a temperature change. This also applies to the melting of ice, since the melting process requires much energy. This property makes water a very good material for heat-transfer used in heating and cooling. The ability of water to absorb and store heat is also important for regulating the earth's climate. Lakes and oceans act as temperature regulators that influence climate.
Water can also transport large quantities of heat around the earth. Water vapor absorbs the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which prevents harm to life on earth, and also blocks infrared radiation released from the earth from being lost into space, thereby keeping the earth warm.
Water is a major force in reshaping the earth's surface. Again, it is the interaction of the molecules that allows it to have such an effect. Water gets into rock cracks, freezes, expands, and then breaks the rock apart, causing erosion. Due to the strong bonding between molecules, water has an unusually high viscosity, which slows runoff and allows more time for materials to be dissolved.
The movement of glaciers has been and continues to be a major contributor to the reshaping of the earth's surface. Once again, this is only possible because of the strong bonding between molecules. Layers of ice crystals are able to pass over each other without breaking the hydrogen bonds, thus keeping the crystals from breaking down.
Life on earth cannot exist without water. It is without a doubt the most important and significant substance on the planet. Yet everything comes down to the amazing properties of this simple three-atom molecule. It truly is a molecular masterpiece.
Posted in Environment and tagged aquatic, chemistry, water, water molecule, water properties.


Govt. have received representations from various service Associations for liberalizing the provisions of the state leave rules. The representations have been carefully considered in the light of the measures introduced by Govt. of India through their office memo cited.
After careful consideration of the question, Govt. approve the following liberalization of the existing provisions of different leave rules by which the state Government servants are governed.
The limit of 180 days of commuted leave, during the entire service, according to the existing rules shall be raised to 240 days. The other terms and conditions for the grant of this leave shall remain in force as at present.
In case a Govt servant dies while in service, the cash equivalent to leave salary that the deceased employees would have got had he gone on P.L / Earned Leave but for death, due and admissible on the date immediately following the date of death subject to a maximum of leave salary for 20 days shall be paid to his family subject to reduction from leave salary or pension and equivalent of other retirement benefits.
A Govt. Servant who proceeds on P.L / Earned Leave from a post the maximum of which in the received D.A. merged pay scale, does not exceed Rs. 600/- p.m. shall be entitled to leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave.
This order shall take effect from 1st June, 1975 necessary amendments to various sets of leave rules will be issued separately.


text:
// Copyright (c) 2015-2016, Saritasa. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the BSD license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.

namespace Candy
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

    /// <summary>
    /// Contains various check methods. If condition is false it generates exception.
    /// </summary>
    public static class ValidateUtils
    {
#if !PORTABLE
        internal const RegexOptions Options = RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.Compiled;
#else
        internal const RegexOptions Options = RegexOptions.Singleline;
#endif

        /// <summary>
        /// Email check regular expression.
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly Regex EmailExpression = new Regex(@"^([0-9a-zA-Z]+[-._+&])*[0-9a-zA-Z]+@([-0-9a-zA-Z]+[.])+[a-zA-Z]{2,6}$", Options);

        /// <summary>
        /// Web url check regular expression.
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly Regex WebUrlExpression = new Regex(@"(http|https)://([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]+(/[\w- ./?%&=]*)?", Options);

        /// <summary>
        /// Regular expression to strip html tags.
        /// </summary>
        public static readonly Regex StripHtmlExpression = new Regex("<\\S[^><]*>", Options | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Multiline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant);

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not empty check for guid. Generates ArgumentException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotEmpty(Guid argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument == Guid.Empty)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("\"{0}\" cannot be empty guid.".FormatWith(argumentName), argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not empty check for string. Generates ArgumentException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotEmpty(String argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (StringUtils.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(argument))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("\"{0}\" cannot be empty string.".FormatWith(argumentName), argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not out of length check. Generates ArgumentException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="length">Maximum length.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotOutOfLength(String argument, Int32 length, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument.Length > length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("\"{0}\" cannot be more than {1} character.".FormatWith(argumentName, length), argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not null check. Generates ArgumentNullException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNull(Object argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check for Int32. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegative(Int32 argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative or zero check. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegativeOrZero(Int32 argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check for Int64. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegative(Int64 argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check for Int64. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegativeOrZero(Int64 argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check for Single. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegative(Single argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative or zero check for Single. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegativeOrZero(Single argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check for Decimal. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegative(Decimal argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative or zero check for Decimal. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegativeOrZero(Decimal argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument <= 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not in past check for DateTime. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotInPast(DateTime argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < DateTime.Now)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not in past check for DateTime according to specific date. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="date">Date to compare.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotInPast(DateTime argument, DateTime date, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < date)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not in future check for DateTime. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotInFuture(DateTime argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument > DateTime.Now)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not in future check for DateTime according to specific date. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="date">Date to compare.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotInFuture(DateTime argument, DateTime date, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument > date)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check for TimeSpan. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegative(TimeSpan argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument < TimeSpan.Zero)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not negative check or zero for TimeSpan. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotNegativeOrZero(TimeSpan argument, String argumentName)
        {
            if (argument <= TimeSpan.Zero)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not empty check for collection of arguments. Generates ArgumentException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Collection of arguments.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotEmpty<T>(ICollection<T> argument, String argumentName)
        {
            IsNotNull(argument, argumentName);

            if (argument.Count == 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Collection cannot be empty.", argumentName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is in range check. Generates ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Collection of arguments.</param>
        /// <param name="min">Minimum value.</param>
        /// <param name="max">Maximum value.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotOutOfRange(Int32 argument, Int32 min, Int32 max, String argumentName)
        {
            if ((argument < min) || (argument > max))
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(argumentName, "{0} must be between \"{1}\"-\"{2}\".".FormatWith(argumentName, min, max));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is not invalid email check. Generates ArgumentException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="argument">Email argument.</param>
        /// <param name="argumentName">Argument name.</param>
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void IsNotInvalidEmail(String argument, String argumentName)
        {
            IsNotEmpty(argument, argumentName);

            if (EmailExpression.IsMatch(argument) == false)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("\"{0}\" is not a valid email address.".FormatWith(argumentName), argumentName);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Guide To The Musée Carnavalet, Paris' Fabulous History Museum
December 29, 2022 December 29, 2022 by Leslie Livingston
The Musée Carnavalet is the most Parisian of all Paris museums. Housed in two adjacent hôtels particuliers in the heart of the Marais, it's the oldest museum in Paris.
In this guide to the Musée Carnavalet, you'll discover everything to see inside this compelling Paris history museum.
Louis Simon Boizot's Victory sculpture in the garden
The Carnavalet documents the history of Paris in chronological order from its prehistoric origins to the present day. Throughout the 85 exhibition rooms, you'll discover a feast of art and history.
The hodgepodge collection showcases everyday objects, models, historical curiosities, decorative art, and fine art.
Indeed, whole buildings, storefronts, glamorous period rooms, and art collections are on view, so it's like a warehouse of small museums, with no end of surprises.
History And Overview Of The Musee Carnavalet
The Musee Carnavalet was the brain child of Baron Haussmann, the man who transformed the cityscape of Paris with grand boulevards. In 1866, he asked the city to acquire the Hotel Carnavalet to store the interiors of buildings he had razed and create a history museum.
Built between 1548-60, Renaissance architect Mansard reworked the facade and wings. In 1880, the museum opened to the public. Over 150 years, the museum's collection has been continually enriched.
Beginning in 2016, the museum underwent a massive $65 million renovation. It was completed with the help of François Châtillon, chief architect for France's historical monuments.
map of the Musee Carnavalet
The redesign created a new chronological route and added much more display space. 60% of the items now on display were previously in storage.
Two new spaces introduce the city of Paris and outline the origins of the museum. New digital displays add a touch of modernity. Thankfully, museum labels are now in English as well as French.
Guide To The Musee Carnavalet: What To See
Here are some of the must see highlights of the Musee Carnavalet, presented roughly in the order you'll encounter them following the museum path.
Unless you're a stickler for chronology, you might want to begin with the French Revolution exhibits on the top floor. There's just so much to see at the Carnavalet and you'll want to save ample time for that impressive collection.
statue of Louis XIV
statue of Henry IV
1. Courtyards
The Renaissance courtyards of the museum are simply stunning. You'll be wrapped in evidence of the ancien regime.
The once sooty limestone buildings have been returned to their original honey color. Bas reliefs and sculptures by Jean Goujon adorn the facade.
In the central courtyard is a rare surviving pre-revolutionary bronze sculpture of Louis XIV, the Sun King. In the courtyard of Victory, installed in 1950, is a dramatic statue of Victory holding out her laurels.
Hall of Signs
2. Hall of Signs
The first room you'll enter is filled with signs evoking a Paris street, which date from the 17th to the early 20th centuries.
In the past, when literacy rates in Paris were lower, businesses created signs with images advertising the nature of their shops.
Among the highlights is a freaked-out-looking black cat on a crescent moon from the famous 19th century Chat Noir cabaret.
stairs down to Prehistory & Medieval collections
statue of Juno from the Roman forum
3. Prehistory
The lowest floor is a newly-opened vaulted space featuring exhibits from Paris' prehistory, antiquity, and the Middle Ages. A Neolithic oak wood canoe takes pride of place.
In 52 B.C., Paris was the Roman city of Lutetia. There was once a public forum, baths, and an amphitheater. In the museum, you'll find many 1st century Roman stone statues and sarcophagi found while building the Hotel Dieu in 1867.
In the medieval section, you can see a model of the Ile de la Cite in 1520, which was made by a monk around 1900. There is a gargoyle from Notre Dame, everyday objects, tombstones, and funeral steles.
apartment of Madame de Sévigné
4. Madame de Sévigné Room
The first floor of the Carnavalet contains some 20 period rooms, showing how aristocratic Parisians once lived. The first set are the apartments of Madame de Sévigné.
One of Paris' most famous and colorful citizens, the madame once lived in the Hotel Carnavalet.
She was a gifted chronicler and a key figure of the intellectual and social life in the 17th century. Her letters provide insight into French politics and history.
In three rooms, visitors will discover a portrait of the famous letter writer, a rare letter to her daughter, and the lacquered writing desk she used to pen her letters.
portrait and writing desk of Madame de Sévigné
Demarteau Salon
5. Demarteau Salon
The Demarteau Salon is a beautiful space. You can only peak inside; you can't enter it for closer inspection.
The salon was formerly in the mansion of Gilles Demarteau on the Ile de la Cite. The panels were completed between 1765 and 1770.
The frescos were painted by the greatest artists of the time — Fragonard, Boucher, and Huet. They depict an idyllic countryside with lush vegetation and domestic animals.
The furniture is from the same period.
ceiling by Charles Le Brun, 1652-56
6. Le Brun Ceiling from the Hôtel de la Rivière
This is one of the most beautiful Parisian interiors from the 17th century.
In 1652, Charles Le Brun was entrusted with decorating the mansion belonging to Louis Barbier on what is now 14 Place des Vosges. Le Brun was the first court painter for King Louis XIV and remained so for 30 years.
In the fresco, Mercury presents Psyche to her husband Cupid. They are about to drink some ambrosia, the nectar of the gods.
Guest Salon of the Hotel d'Uzes
7. Guest Salon of the Hotel d'Uzes
Perhaps the most luxe period room comes from the Hotel d'Uzes.
The hotel got the Haussmann axe in 1969. It was lavishly decorated and renovated by the young architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, but the guest salon was salvaged.
It's a beautiful Rococo space punctuated by mirrors, double doors, and large panels.
The restored gilt panels are carved with coasts of arms hung on laurels. The doors feature allegories of the four corners of the world.
Escalier de Luynes
8. Escalier de Luynes
The period rooms all lead to the breathing Luynes staircase, which came from the 17th century Hotel de Luynes on Rue Saint Dominique
The escalier is decorated with a massive 18th century trompe l'oeil fresco by Paolo Antonio Brunetti. It represents the themes of music and love.
Set in a majestic colonnaded decor, statues in various poses seem to watch visitors climbing up and down the stairs.
9. Enlightenment Figures
The last part of the pathway on the first floor focuses on the intellectual figures of the Enlightenment era. On opposite sides of the Luynes landing, the encyclopedists Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert face the philosophers Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
10. French Revolution Exhibits
Head up a stairway to the second floor (third floor to Americans) to see the Carnavalet's most important collection — the world's largest cache of art and historic objects about the French Revolution.
No period of history is as charged with the full range of human emotions as the French Revolution. It was a period of murder, bloodshed, martyrdom, and rousing speeches.
Marat display case
Jacobins like Robespierre, Desmoulins, and Danton wanted to utterly eradicate the crown. They succeeded, but the glorious French Revolution transmogrified into a dark and bloody reign of terror.
In 1792, revolutionary forces captured and arrested King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette as they attempted to flee the country. Monarchy was abolished. The king and queen were charged with treason and thrown into the Conciergerie before being executed.
The pathway starts with the painting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which was given to the museum by Georges Clemenceau. The declaration made freedom the law of the land and stated that the French people (not the monarchy) were the ultimate authority.
the Tennis Court Oath after Jacques-Louis David
You'll also see a depiction of the Tennis Court Oath, which was a commitment to a national constitution and representative government, taken by delegates at the Estates-General at Versailles. It's one of the most iconic scenes of the French Revolution.
Did you know? David's study for the unfinished painting is in the Musée national du Château de Versailles.
Next comes the storming of the Bastille, an event where revolutionaries seized control and demolished the monarchy's medieval prison.
There are numerous exhibits on the fall, imprisonment, and execution of the Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette — paintings, Marie Antoinette's slipper, a model of the guillotine, and relics of the royal family.
Louis XVI bids adieu to his family
Callet, Portrait of Louis XVI, 1786
Marie Antoinette leaving the Conciergerie to be guillotined
You'll see several portraits of Marie Antoinette. She was the focus of the citizen's disgust for her flagrant extravagance and "Let the eat cake!" comment (never happened).
You'll also find a room (one of my favorites) dedicated to the stars and key players of the revolution, to put faces to names. There are portraits of the famous French revolutionary leaders Camille Desmoulins, Danton, Marat, and Robespierre.
Danton looks like the powerful orator he was with a massive head over a muscular neck, broad brow, and square jaw.
A display case contains a bust of Marat, Charlotte Corday's bonnet, and the door handles from Marat's bathroom.
François Gérard, Portrait de Juliette Récamier, 1802-05.
11. Napoleon Exhibits
The beautiful portrait of Juliette Recamier, a wealthy socialite, opens the next section on Napoleon and the First Empire. Napoleon was a young general who rose quickly through the ranks, giving himself the Roman-style title "first consul" and crowning himself emperor.
You'll see a bust of him as a young man. During his tenure, all things Neo-Classical became popular, producing portraits like Reclaimer's, where women reclined on Etruscan couches in Greek-style robes.
12. Romanticism
From 1830 on, Paris was intellectual and artistic melting pot, swept up in the new spirit of freedom. This era was known as the Romantic period.
In one room, you'll see the busts and portraits of writers Victor Hugo, Frederic Chopin, Giuseppe Verdi, and Franz Liszt.
Sarah Bernhardt in Gismonda
Sarah Bernhardt in the role of Zanneto
13. Belle Epoque
In the early 19th century, Paris entered a peaceful era known as The Beautiful Age. This is the time of the great exhibitions that brought us the likes of the Eiffel Tower.
Paris became a world capital of culture. In one room, you'll see portraits of the influencers — actress Sara Bernhardt, Victor Hugo, etc.
One wall has over 40 paintings, donated by Mr. and Mrs. Seligmann, chronicling high society and Paris street scenes.
There is also an entire room taken from the Café de Paris, formerly on 41 Avenue de l'Opéra. It was a private, VIP room, where the rich Frenchmen entertained their wives or lovers.
entrance to Fouquet shop
Fouquet shop
14. Fouquet Jewelry Room
Perhaps the Carnavalet's greatest recreation is the stunning jewelry showroom designed for Georges Fouquet by Alphonse Mucha in 1901.
Having already collaborated on jewelry pieces, Fouquet asked Mucha to design his chic 6 Rue Royale shop. It's the very height of Art Nouveau style.
A relief of a woman greets customers at the entrance, her arms and neck thrown back gracefully. Everything is decorated in flowing lines, swirls, and themes of flora. A majestic peacock sculpture spreads out against stained glass windows.
Marcel Proust bedroom
15. Marcel Proust Bedroom
The famed French novelist Marcel Proust has his reconstructed bedroom on view in the museum. Proust's biographer claimed that the writer penned a number of his books while seated in his lumpy blue bed.
The room is famously lined in cork. A lock of his hair, cut off on his deathbed, is displayed in a frame, along with a deathbed portrait of him by Man Ray.
Wendel Ballroom
16. Wendel Ballroom
Purchased and installed in the museum in 1989, the Wendel Ballroom came from the Sourdeval-Demachy mansion. The wealthy industrialist Maurice de Wendel and his wife commissioned frescos by painter José-Maria Sert around 1925.
Heir to the Italian pictorial tradition, Sert was a master of decorative art. The viewer is immersed in his theatrical setting, framed by swirling red drapery. In the composition, the Queen of Sheba prepares to meet King Solomon sitting atop a white elephant.
The frescos were renovated when purchased. That process revealed the artist's technique for creating luminosity. He applied three coats of glaze and rubbed it with gold metal powder.
17th century map of Paris by Italian artist Giovanni-Maria Tamburini
Tips For Visiting The Musee Carnavalet
Here are some must know tips and practical information for visiting the Carnavalet Museum.
Address: 16 Rue des Francs Bourgeois
Metro: St. Paul
Entry fee:
Entry is free, except for special exhibitions. You won't need an audio guide because there is plenty of signage in both English and French. The ticket office closes at 5:15 pm.
17th century fireplace doors from a former mansion on Rue des Bernardins
Opening Hours: Tuesday through Sunday 10:00 am to 6:00 pm.
Time Allocation:
You should allow 2-3 hours to see the collections. If you are pressed for time, head up to the second floor for the French Revolution exhibits first. Or, perhaps start there and work your way down.
Bookstore: There is a bookstore and museum shop with a range of books, souvenirs, gifts, and more.
Cafe: During the renovation, the museum added a new restaurant in its enchanting garden courtyard, Fabula. The restaurant has a focus on local and season cuisine.
I hope you've enjoyed my guide to the Musee Carnavalet. You may enjoy these other Paris travel guides and resources:
If you plan on visiting the Carnavalet Museum, pin it for later.
Categories France, Museums in France, Museums in Paris, Paris
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The 2014 Vintage in California was once again remarkable and the 2014 vintage of The Seventy Five Wine Company by Tuck Beckstoffer Sauvignon Blanc is a great testament to just how great the white wines from this vintage can truly be. This wine represents the true essence of the varietal and source. Strikingly focused and concentrated, it showcases wave upon wave of honeyed melon, bruleed white peach and lemon curd on both the nose and palate. The finish is linear and ultra clean showcasing fresh fruit acids and wet stone and leaves you wanting only another glass.
The pear and grapefruit flavors are crisp and light, with a fleshy melon note and an appealing spicy finish. Drink now. 2,500 cases made.


A while ago Ross bought the gadgets for his Kitchen Aid to make pasta. He followed the directions and tried several times, but the pasta just wasn't coming out right. So we made a visit to my sister and brother-in-law's for Ross to get a lesson in pasta making.
Ross getting lessons from my brother-in-law on making the pasta.
We had the pasta for dinner that day and it was delicious.
That video was taken one year ago. Neither one of the guys make or eat pasta as much as they used to. My brother-in-law has lost about 30 pounds and Ross has lost about 20.
What a fun post! I loved watching them work together to make the pasta. I love my kitchenaid, but never bought any attachments..My brother makes his own sausage with that attachment. Thanks for the fun! Wish I had pasta now.
Nice post! The video was fun to watch. Never made my own pasta but I consider that a "yet."
I love your video. Really helpful! I've made pasta by hand (and like I'm going to do THAT anytime soon!) but I've been wanting to get a pasta roller, and the Kitchenaid's just itching for a new attachment. Thank you for sharing!
Ross and my brother-in-law did make it seem pretty easy. I've never tried it myself. Good luck!
Thanks for stopping by. I am trying to visit everyone also. See you soon.
I love the thought of homemade pasta, but I have a feeling it's one of those things that will fit into my schedule sometime after retirement. It was fun watching your brother-in-law and Ross--they looked like they were enjoying themselves.


Through strategic partnerships, City Year builds strong bonds with corporations, schools, and individuals to make a difference in the communities and neighborhoods.
City Year Orlando partners with Orange County Public Schools (OCPS) to provide full-time, targeted intervention for students most at risk. Our teams of young leaders support students - before, during, and after school - through in-class tutoring, mentoring, and after school programming that keeps students in school and on track to graduate. This program is sponsored in part by the School Board of Orange County, and the state of Florida.
For more information on becoming a service partner, please contact Tara Kane Carr.


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Q: django permissions for block ip addresses import Blocklist In django custom permissions for blocking ip addresses it seems its using some sort of model named Blocklist but I don't know how to import this model?
from rest_framework import permissions

class BlocklistPermission(permissions.BasePermission):
    """
    Global permission check for blocked IPs.
    """

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        ip_addr = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
        blocked = Blocklist.objects.filter(ip_addr=ip_addr).exists()
        return not blocked

A: Its example. You need to create model Blocklist:
class Blocklist(models.Model):
    ip_addr = models.IPAddressField()

Then you need to add ip_addreses that are not alowed.


Spring were appointed by an institutional landlord in the lead up to its tenant vacating the 45,000 ft² unit after a series of leases.
The unit had been heavily altered and fitted out and was in very poor condition. We managed a substantial demolition, strip out and enabling works project in order to reveal the original "bones" of the unit and corroborate our assessment of the scale of the works required. Market and valuation input was obtained to underpin the level and basis of the claim, leading to the tenant amending its position and settling the claim by negotiation. For more details, contact Ian Moore.


As I told you in my previous Healthy.net columns, I wrote my book, HONEST MEDICINE: Effective, Time-Tested, Inexpensive Treatments for Life Threatening Diseases, to educate the public about treatments that have a great deal of what I have come to call convincing patient-based evidence to back them up. I also wrote the book in hopes that one day soon all patients will be able to use effective, time-tested, inexpensive treatments like the ones I feature in my book without having to look so hard to find them.
One of the treatments I feature in my book is Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN). In this column, I share what LDN is, how it helps patients and how it was developed.
I believe that LDN is, without a doubt, one of the most important medical discoveries of the twentieth century—if not the most important. It certainly is the cheapest and most versatile of the treatments that I profile in my book. And that it works for so many conditions is nothing short of remarkable.
A narcotic blocker, naltrexone was approved by the FDA in the mid-1980s for treating drug and alcohol addiction. Soon afterward, Harvard-educated neurologist Bernard Bihari, MD discovered that, in small doses (one-tenth to one-twentieth the dose prescribed for addicts), Low Dose Naltrexone has immune-system-modulating and endorphin-raising capabilities. He reasoned that because of this, it could help patients with immunologically related disorders. He was right. When patients took LDN at bedtime, Dr. Bihari found that, in many cases, it raised their endorphin levels, resulting in halting further progression of their diseases.
Dr. Bihari first began prescribing LDN to his patients with HIV/AIDS. For a great many of them, it stopped their disease from progressing. He reasoned that, since HIV/AIDS was a disease that resulted from a compromised immune system, it would probably work on autoimmune diseases, as well. So he began prescribing LDN for people with multiple sclerosis, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Many of these patients, too, experienced no further disease progression. Dr. Bihari also had considerable success using LDN with patients with some cancers that had failed to respond to standard treatments.
In some cases, the results have been truly amazing. For instance, some MS patients, like Vicki Finlayson, have gone from being nearly bedbound, to returning to a totally normal life. In 2008, three years after starting LDN, Vicki was able to walk fifty-three miles to the California State Capitol from her home in Auburn, California to publicize her recovery. (http://www.suite101.com/content/focus-on-low-dose-naltrexone-a54293) At around the same time, she was also able to get off disability and return to work. For other patients, like Linda Elsegood and Malcolm West, two of the MS patients who have contributed their stories to my book, although their changes haven't been as dramatic, they have nonetheless been significant.


Warwick has witnessed major events in American history. You can imagine a dirty mattress on the street would be plain awful to see in one of America's oldest cities. The truth is, removing a worn out old mattress can prove tricky. So, why not seek help when it comes to Warwick mattress disposal and book Mattress Disposal Plus to remove it for you.
Rely on Mattress Disposal Plus – a name you can trust for fast, friendly and secure Warwick Mattress Disposal.
Are you planning to move in the Warwick area? Then perhaps, it's time to consider getting help moving your old mattresses, box springs and used furniture to make room for the new. Hire a professional hauler to help you out with mattress disposal in Warwick.
Everyone in Warwick, Rhode Island should be concerned about the impact their actions have on the environment. Recycling is one of the simplest and most important actions a person can take to make their neighborhood a better place to live. At Mattress Disposal Plus, we take recycling seriously, specializing in recycling and disposing of used mattresses and other furniture.
Call (877) 708-8329 or Book Online to schedule Warwick mattress disposal.
Once we arrive, we will do all the heavy lifting for your scheduled Warwick mattress disposal needs. There will be no need to worry about how to get rid of your old mattress again. We also offer other services like hauling off your old furniture. We are proud to offer our clients the satisfaction that comes along with quality and efficient service.
If you are looking for convenient and easy mattress and furniture removal that is kind to both the environment and your wallet, contact Mattress Disposal Plus. We can help with all of your Warwick mattress disposal needs.
No need to turn to other companies because customer satisfaction is our main aim. We provide the best old furniture and old mattresses removal deals and services to all areas in the Warwick area including but not limited to Apponaug, Buttonwoods, Chepiwanoxet, Conimicut, Cowesett, East Natick, Hillsgrove, Hoxsie, Lincoln Park, Norwood, Oakland Beach, Pawtuxet Village, Pocasset, Pontiac and Potowomut.
There are a lot of great things about living in Warwick or one of it's suburbs. However, big city living can be difficult too—especially when it comes to moving or disposing of mattresses and large furniture.


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Kwanzaa Night 5: Linah Alsberry lights kinara in Flossmoor Park, shares principle of purpose
by Bill Jones on December 31, 2022
Bill Jones Author
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Linah Alsberry and her family have only been living in Flossmoor for roughly a year, but she said they have felt incredibly welcomed ever since moving.
"We're so happy to be here in Flossmoor," Alsberry said. "We couldn't have picked a better community to move to."
While the family is relatively new in town, the Alsberrys have some good friends who have lived in Flossmoor for years. And they recently got a text from Kimberly and Fredric Mitchell,
Bill Jones


I wasn't expecting very much of this one, despite hearing some good things about it. I mean, it's always been hanging around on the shelves with the urban fantasy books, which mostly I enjoy in a brain candy sort of way. This was still very easy to read, but it had more world-building than I expected, and required the reader to do more work. It's got interesting shapeshifter and vampire lore, most of which I haven't seen anywhere else, and it's a semi post-apocalyptic setting that's been caused by magic. I was reminded a bit of Robin McKinley's Sunshine with some of the world-building, although the vampires are not at all the same.
Kate Daniels, the lead, doesn't seem particularly special as a character — there's plenty of tough-talking mercenaries out there, male and female. There were quite a few points, though, where I was very pleased with her characterisation: she knew when to back down, she didn't go into everything with all her strength but tried to hold back what she didn't need to use, and despite being a tough-talking mercenary, she was decent towards other people.
Some parts of it didn't come together for me very well — her motivation seemed to lose its focus halfway through, for example, and the bit about her being special in some way teases for more in later books, but makes some parts of this book a bit deus ex machina-like. The writing isn't super, but I'm definitely intrigued by the world, and Kate has a lot of promise.
Curran, however, eh. No boundaries, despite all the stuff about shapeshifter control he loses his temper more than I'm comfy with, typical macho posturing crap a lot of the time. I really hope I wasn't meant to like him, but I rather suspect I was. I wasn't a huge fan of Dr. Crest, either; he honestly seemed tacked on to be a red herring.


text:
Latest Adil Abdul-Mahdi News
PM of Iraq's Kurdish region meets top officials in Baghdad
BAGHDAD (AP) — The newly confirmed prime minister of Iraq's self-ruled Kurdish region is meeting with top officials on his first visit to the Iraqi capital since he was named to the post last month. Masrour Barzani met with Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul-Mahdi and was later received by the Iraqi president...
Iraqi forces begin operation against IS along Syrian border
BAGHDAD (AP) — Iraq's security and paramilitary forces began Sunday a military operation along the border with Syria aimed at clearing the area of Islamic State group militants, the military said in a statement. Although Iraq declared victory against IS in July 2017, the extremists have turned into an...
Iraq celebrates naming Babylon a UNESCO World Heritage site
BAGHDAD (AP) — Iraq on Friday celebrated the UNESCO World Heritage Committee's decision to name the historic city of Babylon a World Heritage Site in a vote held in Azerbaijan's capital, years after Baghdad began campaigning for the site to be added to the list. The city on the Euphrates River is about 85...
The Latest: Europe talking with Iran, dispute tool an option
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — The Latest on U.S.-Iran tensions (all times local): 12:25 a.m. A European diplomatic official says that talks at all levels with Iran are in progress. But the official says if nothing changes, they could decide to trigger a dispute resolution mechanism in the 2015 nuclear accord that...
Iraqi PM takes a gamble with move on Iran-backed militias
BAGHDAD (AP) — The Iraqi government's move this week to place Iranian-backed militias under the command of the armed forces is a political gamble by a prime minister increasingly caught in the middle of a dangerous rivalry between Iran and the U.S, the two main power brokers in Iraq. Facing pressure from...
The Latest: Iran-backed militia criticizes Iraq PM's order
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — The Latest on U.S.-Iran tensions (all times local): 2:40 p.m. One of the largest Iran-backed militias in Iraq is criticizing an order by the prime minister to incorporate the militias into the military and place them under the army's command. A statement issued by the Hezbollah...
Iraq moves to limit influence of Iran-backed militias
BAGHDAD (AP) — Iraq's government moved Monday night to control powerful Iran-backed militias in the country, placing them under the full command of the Iraqi armed forces. In a decree, Prime Minister Adel Abdul-Mahdi said offices of militias that continue to operate independently within or outside Iraqi...
Iraq says it deserves more global support in rebuilding
BAGHDAD (AP) — Iraq's sacrifices fighting the Islamic State group have earned the country greater support in its reconstruction efforts from the international community, Prime Minister Adel Abdul-Mahdi said Saturday. Abdul-Mahdi made his comments Saturday morning during a meeting with a visiting U.N....
Bahrain summons Iraqi ambassador over embassy attack
BAGHDAD (AP) — Bahrain on Friday summoned an Iraqi diplomat in the kingdom over an attack the previous evening on its embassy in Baghdad, condemning the protesters who stormed the mission and urging Iraqi authorities to protect the diplomatic compound, Bahrain's state-run news agency reported. According to...
Protesters storm Bahraini embassy in Iraqi capital Baghdad
BAGHDAD (AP) — Protesters stormed the Bahraini embassy compound in Baghdad Thursday night, removing the flag from above the building and replacing it with a Palestinian banner in protest against a conference held in the gulf nation to promote peace between Arabs and Israelis. Bahrain's Foreign Ministry...


text:
El rojo o colorado, también poéticamente roso, es un color que se percibe ante la fotorrecepción de una luz cuya longitud de onda dominante mide entre 619 y 780nm. Se asemeja a la coloración de la sangre arterial de los vertebrados.

Se considera que el rojo es un color cálido, con una relación con el fuego y la incandescencia. El rojo estándar puede verse en el recuadro de la derecha, arriba; los valores que se dan debajo corresponden al mismo.

La denominación de color rojo abarca al conjunto de coloraciones similares al estándar: rojizas.

Etimología

La palabra rojo deriva del latín rŭssum o rŭsseŭs, 'rojo subido', relacionado con ruber, 'rojo', del protoindoeuropeo *reudh–, 'rojo'. El término «rojo» comenzó a usarse regularmente en idioma castellano durante el , en la Edad Media ya existía, pero era de uso poco común. De acuerdo con el filólogo Joan Corominas, «rojo» significaba antiguamente un color rojizo, mientras que las denominaciones tradicionales del color de la sangre eran «bermejo», «colorado» y «encarnado».
El rojo es el único color para cuyo nombre se ha hallado una raíz protoindoeuropea común y también es el color de la sangre.

Lexemas

El lexema erit o eritro, del griego ἐρυθρός (erythros), 'rojo' (y este de la raíz indoeuropea *rudh–, 'rojo'), asocia a los términos que lo incluyen con el color rojo. Algunos ejemplos de esto son las palabras eritrocito, Eritrea y eritrina.

Sinonimia

Un sinónimo de rojo es colorado, del latín colorātus, de colorāre, 'colorar'. Encarnado también es un sinónimo, aunque se aplica tanto al color rojo como al color carne o carnación. Al color rojo vivo se le llama en ocasiones punzó, esto a partir del galicismo muy frecuente en la primera mitad del  ponceau, nombre francés de la amapola silvestre con pétalos rojos.

Propiedades

Como color psicológico: primario, cálido

El rojo es uno de los cuatro colores psicológicos primarios, junto con el amarillo, el verde y el azul. Además, es considerado un color cálido, junto con el naranja, el amarillo y todas las coloraciones que tienden a estos.

Como color sustractivo: secundario

En el sistema de síntesis sustractiva de color, donde los colores se crean mezclando pigmentos o tintes (pinturas, colorantes, tintas), los colores primarios son el cian, el magenta y el amarillo. El rojo, junto con el verde y el azul, son los colores secundarios en este sistema, es decir que cuando se trabaja con pigmentos de cualquier clase, para obtener rojo se deben mezclar dos de los colores primarios sustractivos (específicamente, amarillo y magenta).

El procedimiento de impresión por cuatricromía (que se usa para imprimir, por ejemplo, libros y revistas en color) emplea los colores primarios sustractivos con el agregado de negro. De allí que un color para cuatricromía se describa mediante el porcentaje de tinta de cada uno de estos cuatro colores que entra en su composición. Como el rojo se forma con la adición de magenta y amarillo, un área impresa en color rojo intenso estará compuesta por C=0 (0 % de cian), M=100 (100 % de magenta), Y=100 (100 % de amarillo) y K=0 (0 % de negro). Véase CMYK.

Complementariedad

En este sistema de cromosíntesis, el color complementario del rojo es el cian.

Como color sustractivo en artes plásticas: primario

Durante mucho tiempo el rojo tuvo estatus de color primario sustractivo. De hecho, ha formado parte de casi todos grupos de colores básicos, principales o primarios que diferentes estudiosos del tema propusieron a lo largo de la historia. En el  por ejemplo, el tipo de rojo más usado como primario fue el carmín o carmesí. Los estudios de Newton sobre la naturaleza de la luz y del color suscitaron numerosas teorías sobre el tema, no siempre correctas. A principios del  algunos tratados de pintura habían adaptado el círculo de colores creado por Newton a las necesidades del arte pictórico y señalaban que los tres colores primarios eran el rojo, el amarillo y el azul del círculo newtoniano. La práctica de utilizar esta tríada de primarios en pintura continúa hasta el día de hoy.

Actualmente, tras varios siglos de desarrollo de pigmentos y estudios sobre el color, se considera que los tres colores primarios sustractivos óptimos son el cian, el magenta y el amarillo, pero en el ámbito del arte, por razones técnicas y tradicionales, generalmente se prefiere continuar usando los primarios «antiguos».

Complementariedad

En este sistema de cromosíntesis, el color complementario del rojo es el verde.

Como color aditivo: primario

En el sistema aditivo de síntesis de color, en el cual los colores se obtienen mezclando luz de color en lugar de pigmentos, el rojo es un color primario, junto con el verde y el azul. Esto significa que cuando se trabaja con luz de color, basta con mezclar esos tres colores en diferentes proporciones para obtener todos los demás. Para crear las tonalidades claras y oscuras, se reduce o aumenta la luminosidad.

Este sistema aditivo de colores luz es el que utilizan los monitores y televisores para producir colores. En este sistema, un color se describe con valores numéricos para cada uno de sus componentes (rojo, verde y azul), indicando al rojo con «R», al verde con «G» y al azul con «B». En una escala de valores de 0 a 255, el rojo aditivo puro se expresa como R=255 (rojo al valor máximo), G=0 (nada de verde) y B=0 (nada de azul). Véase RGB.

Este rojo fue uno de los primeros colores que pudieron reproducir los ordenadores personales al abandonar la monocromía, a principios de los años 1980.

Complementariedad

En este sistema de cromosíntesis, el color complementario del rojo es el cian.

Rojo espectral

Rojo espectral es la región de luz de color rojo del espectro electromagnético que el ojo humano es capaz de percibir. La longitud de onda de la luz roja es de alrededor de 645-700 nm; las frecuencias más bajas que el rojo —y, por lo tanto, de longitudes de onda más largas— se denominan infrarrojas y no son visibles. Así, el color rojo corresponde a la frecuencia más baja de luz discernible por el ojo humano.

En el espectro newtoniano y en el arcoíris: primer color

En Occidente, la interpretación tradicional del cromatismo del arcoíris sostiene que este contiene siete colores, que corresponden a los siete colores en que Newton dividió el espectro de luz visible. En este contexto, el rojo es considerado el primer color visible, tanto del espectro newtoniano como del arcoíris.

Longitudes de onda

 Rojo puroo espectral
De acuerdo con la longitud de onda, el espectro que corresponde al rojo puede dividirse en cuatro zonas:
 Desde aproximadamente 618 nm hasta los 644 nm, hay una gradiente de color luz compuesta por rojos anaranjados.
 Desde los 645 nm hasta los 700 nm se distingue el rojo vivo espectral.
 De 700 nm a 780 nm se encuentra una de las zonas extremas del espectro visible. El rojo va perdiendo gradualmente percepción a la vista humana.
 Desde los 780 nm hasta los 1050 nm hay una región que no se considera parte del espectro visible, sino del espectro infrarrojo cercano, sin embargo, en condiciones especiales puede apreciarse su coloración rojiza.

Ceguera al color rojo

Las personas con dificultades para distinguir el color rojo se denominan protanómalas. La protanomalía puede consistir en una capacidad parcial de percepción del color rojo o en una incapacidad total, dependiendo de la condición de los conos L del individuo protanómalo. Los conos L son las células de la retina que perciben las longitudes de onda lumínicas largas; si son defectuosos, producen una ceguera parcial al rojo, y si faltan del todo producen una ceguera total a este color, o protanopía.

En la naturaleza

Aposematismo

En la naturaleza, el color rojo cumple un papel importante en la coloración de advertencia, también llamada aposemática, de los animales. Ciertas especies utilizan este color —generalmente en combinación con negro u otros colores contrastantes— para advertir a los depredadores de su toxicidad o mal sabor. El rojo usado en estos casos es intenso, apropiado para distinguirse en el entorno natural, donde son más frecuentes los verdes, azules y marrones.

Sangre y otros rojos en la naturaleza

La sangre oxigenada es roja debido a la presencia de hemoglobina oxigenada.

Cuando se utiliza para describir la coloración animal natural, «rojo» generalmente se refiere a un color marrón, rojizo o jengibre. En este sentido se utiliza para describir los colores de la capa de perros y vacas de color marrón rojizo y en los nombres de varias especies de animales o razas como el zorro, la ardilla roja, ciervos rojos, el petirrojo, Calidris canutus, el colirrojo real, el zorzal alirrojo, el setter rojo, ganado rojo Devon, etc.

Cuando se utiliza para las flores, «rojo» se refiere a menudo al purpúreo (trébol rojo, heleborina roja) o colores rosados (valeriana roja).

Algunos ejemplos de rojo en la naturaleza:

Simbolismo y usos

Rúbricas y sellos

Antiguamente se llamaba «rúbrica» a un color rojo anaranjado vivo, en referencia al color rojo que se usaba para marcar, remarcar y señalar documentos u otros objetos, que se hacía con pigmentos de bermellón, minio o almagre. También se llamaba rúbrica a los epígrafes de los libros, que solían ser rojos. Por otra parte, el lacre que se utilizó durante siglos para sellar documentos solía y suele aún ser rojo, a pesar de que es posible darle cualquier otro color.

Otros

 A nivel mundial, el rojo representa un «estado peligroso», la bandera roja indica peligro (frente a la bandera verde que tiene el significado contrario, por ejemplo en las playas), el «código rojo» significa emergencia y el «botón rojo» es, culturalmente, una última pero mortal opción.
 La identificación del comunismo con el rojo (siendo el rojo el color principal de la bandera de la Unión Soviética) produjo expresiones durante la Guerra Fría tales como «la amenaza roja», la «China Roja» (en contraposición con la «China Nacionalista», la «China Libre» o Taiwán). En la guerra civil española el término «rojo» se empleaba para referirse a los militantes leales a la Segunda República.
 En el simbolismo chino, el rojo es el color de la buena suerte y se emplea para decoración. El dinero en las sociedades chinas se ofrece tradicionalmente en paquetes rojos.
 El rojo también se emplea para indicar deudas, como en la expresión «números rojos». La práctica procede de los contables italianos que usaban tinta roja para indicar las deudas y tinta negra para indicar los haberes. También en pedagogía se usa el rojo para las calificaciones de reprobado, mientras que el azul se emplea para las de aprobación.
 En las bolsas occidentales, el rojo indica una bajada del precio de las acciones, mientras que en las bolsas de Asia oriental indica una subida.
En la China de la dinastía Ming, el rojo era el símbolo del emperador y de la propia dinastía, por eso la ciudad prohibida tiene paredes rojas.
 En el Imperio romano el símbolo de riqueza y bienestar económico era el rojo, solamente los emperadores y senadores llevaban algo de rojo en la vestimenta.
 En las culturas de extremo oriente, el rojo es el color del sur, del verano y del elemento fuego, representados por el fénix bermellón, que es a la vez una constelación y un animal mítico.
 Para los antiguos pueblos nahuas (mexicas o aztecas), el rojo era el color del este, relacionado con Tezcatlipoca Rojo o Xipe Tótec.

Rojo heráldico

El rojo heráldico se denomina gules. Los antiguos armoriales que se conservan muestran que es uno de los esmaltes heráldicos más antiguos.

En los ejemplos bajo estas líneas: el escudo de Albania, de gules con un águila de sable (negra), que representa una excepción a las reglas de la heráldica, ya que coloca esmalte sobre esmalte; el «águila tirolesa» (Tiroler Adler), de gules sobre campo de plata, tradicional emblema de la región alpina del Tirol, en el antiguo escudo de los condes del Tirol; las armas familiares de George Washington, originadas en el , que pueden haber inspirado las «barras y estrellas» de la bandera de Estados Unidos.

Rojo vexilológico

En vexilología, el rojo es un color muy frecuente. En algunas banderas nacionales la superficie roja es considerable, y otras incluso emplean al rojo como color de fondo. Este color también se encuentra en algunos grupos de banderas que comparten colores nacionales por razones étnicas: los colores panárabes, paneslavos y panafricanos.

En los ejemplos bajo estas líneas: la bandera de la República Popular China, donde el rojo alude al comunismo; el rojo «paneslavo» de la bandera de Montenegro, adoptado del de la bandera de Francia por simpatía con los ideales de la Revolución Francesa; el «dragón galés» (Y Ddraig Goch) de la bandera de Gales, símbolo nacional cuyo origen probablemente se remonta a los tiempos de la ocupación romana.

Rojo político

Véase colores políticos: rojo político.

Rojo litúrgico

Véase colores litúrgicos.

En la liturgia católica, el rojo simboliza la sangre derramada por el Evangelio y al Espíritu Santo. Con relación a la sangre, se utiliza durante las fiestas de los mártires, apóstoles (salvo S. Juan que no murió mártir), las relacionadas con la Pasión de Cristo (Domingo de Ramos, Viernes Santo, Santa Cruz) y con la Eucaristía en algunas tradiciones, como la ambrosiana. En relación con el Espíritu Santo: Pentecostés y durante la celebración del sacramento de la confirmación, aunque en este último caso también se puede usar blanco. Actualmente también se usa en las exequias papales, como reminiscencia de que el Papa antiguamente no revestía nunca casulla morada (ni verde).

Ejemplos de coloraciones rojas

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Colores web

Los colores web establecidos por protocolos informáticos para su uso en páginas web incluyen el rojo que se muestra debajo. Como se ve, coincide con el rojo aditivo puro, y en programación se lo invoca con el nombre red (rojo). Más abajo figuran los demás rojos web X11.

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Véase también

 Banderas del Caribe
 Colores panafricanos
 Colores panárabes
 Colores paneslavos
 Una lista de colores en el Anexo:Colores
 Colorante alimentario
 Ponceau SX
 Ponceau 6R

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Rojo
Espectro visible