Who are you? Start with yourself. Wake up.
We -Russian Jogging over the HLS.(Sobriety)!. Chelyabinsk.17.03.2012 Only Sober Russia will be great. Start with yourself. Join us.Sobriety-the norm of a reasonable person.However, until the end.
Russian is the strength, spirit, honor. So it was , is and will be! Russian means SOBER. Sober Russia will be great. Sobriety is the norm.
"Trojan" about the Russian Jogging over the HLS. the concert Misha Mawashi + track "With us only a SOBER"
Power!We are Russian people choose sports,sobriety,Z. O. Z.,the development of all,unity. Russian man lives SOBERLY.
Our Choice. Russian Jogging over the HLS throughout Russia. ( Russian people live soberly and developing) Start with yourself.
Vlad Astakhov -- It our way!


The Ministry of Oil and Gas has announced that M95 petrol will now cost 201bz per litre, against 205bz a litre in October. However, price of M91 grade petrol will remain at 186bz a litre as the cost of this grade has been capped by the government.
Also, the price of diesel has gone up to 213bz per litre from 211bz a litre in October.


Our company has been successful in winning appreciation from the clients as one of the most prominent names in the trading of Car Antenna.
Excellent Quality Antenna with great Looks and Work.
Our reputed entity is engaged in supplying Car Radio Antennas.
We are a top notch supplier of FM Antenna.
In order to meet excellent quality standards, we are supplying Car FM Antenna.
We are a renowned name, which is engaged in offering Car Antenna.
We are a renowned name, which is engaged in offering Car Radio Antennas.


text:
eSign for Finance & Tax Accounting - Solutions for Your Industry
eSign Solutions for Finance & Tax Accounting in Rhode Island
eSign Rhode Island Finance & Tax Accounting Word
eSign Finance & Tax Accounting Word Rhode Island Free
eSign for Rhode Island Finance & Tax Accounting Word Free. Try signNow features to improve your document signing workflow. Create editable templates, send them and collect needed data. No watermarks!
eSign for Rhode Island Finance & Tax Accounting in Word
Unfortunately, document signing workflows can be complicated to follow. A sample is sent from one user to another within seconds but brings with it additional difficulties and withholdings. However, there is good news - signNow has a toolkit, that helps to insert eSign to Finance & Tax Accounting Word Rhode Island Free in several simple steps. Everything you need for creating your own sample, adding signers and specifying their roles is at your fingertips.
There is a custom field for adding the emails of every receiver and sending your request directly to them. The template owner will get a notification regarding any action made to the sample. Receivers can add their initials in several ways:
Type them with a keyboard and select one of the existing font patterns to make the text look more natural.
Draw an autograph with a finger or mouse.
Capture a signed piece of paper using a webcam.
In addition, existing signNow users can select previously autographed patterns they've already used as the system automatically remembers each of them.
How do you make a document that has an electronic signature?
How do you make this information that was not in a digital format a computer-readable document for the user? ""So the question is not only how can you get to an individual from an individual, but how can you get to an individual with a group of individuals. How do you get from one location and say let's go to this location and say let's go to that location. How do you get from, you know, some of the more traditional forms of information that you are used to seeing in a document or other forms. The ability to do that in a digital medium has been a huge challenge. I think we've done it, but there's some work that we have to do on the security side of that. And of course, there's the question of how do you protect it from being read by people that you're not intending to be able to actually read it? "When asked to describe what he means by a "user-centric" approach to security, Bensley responds that "you're still in a situation where you are still talking about a lot of the security that is done by individuals, but we've done a very good job of making it a user-centric process. You're not going to be able to create a document or something on your own that you can give to an individual. You can't just open and copy over and then give it to somebody else. You still have to do the work of the document being created in the first place and the work of the document being delivered in a secure manner."
How to get rid of the plus sign on a pdf?
I'm looking for something I can do without a program, not necessarily some kind of command line tool. I just want to cut and paste something like this into the command prompt or the pdf viewer or something of that Thanks,-Trent, via emailThe plus in the word "+" is actually the letter "p", so to get rid of it, you'd just need to remove the "p" from the word "plus", or delete the word altogether.The best solution to this is in Microsoft Word, but unfortunately, you can't just go to the File tab and click on the "Paste Special" button. You'd have to go to the Text section, select "Prefer Paste as Character" and choose "Paste as Character". That'll bring up a command line, like this:copy /b +"+" *.pdf+ &That'll paste the text you have in the text box, just like what you're looking for! You'll probably need to do this every now and then to get rid of stuff you don't want to keep in the text box.Of course, it's easy to find something like that.What other tips do you have for getting rid of the plus sign on PDF documents? Have anything to add to these examples? Let us know in the comments!Image courtesy of Shutterstock
How to sign pdf remotely?
What can I do if I can't get to my email? How can I send myself a pdf message? How to make email notifications work with a pdf in a post? How to create email signatures with a pdf message? Why is my message not showing up? How to send pdf messages to groups? Why is the PDF not working for me when I try to send it to people? What's the best thing an email can look like? How do I send a pdf on your website? Can I send my friends a pdf? How do I send a pdf to another email address? How many people can I send a pdf to? Who can I invite to a pdf message? How can I send a pdf to more people than the people I've already got? Do I have to be the recipient? Can a pdf message get stuck? Do I need to be in the same address space to send a pdf? How long is a pdf message? Can I add an extra attachment to a pdf message? Can I send two pdf messages with one from my address book? Can I send a zip file to somebody? Can I send a pdf to my boss? Will my boss email me if I send him/her a pdf? What if I don't send a pdf message? Can I send my boss a pdf message? Can I send a pdf that will work for more than one person? Will a pdf message work on a phone? Can I send a pdf to another address? How do you add an image to a pdf message? If I don't send a file from my address book, should I email the pdf to myself and ask permission? Can I send a pdf to a person who doesn't have a computer/phone? How can I send a pdf with a password? How...
Get more for eSign Finance & Tax Accounting Word Rhode Island Free
Sign Wisconsin Education LLC Operating Agreement Safe
Sign West Virginia Education Lease Agreement Secure
Sign West Virginia Education Lease Agreement Fast
Sign West Virginia Education Lease Agreement Simple
Sign Washington Education Rental Lease Agreement Mobile
Sign West Virginia Education Lease Agreement Safe
Sign West Virginia Education Lease Agreement Easy
Sign Washington Education Rental Lease Agreement Now
Find out other eSign Finance & Tax Accounting Word Rhode Island Free
Form 3949 a information referral
Form 8824 2005 irs
How to fill in form 8802 2005
Form 8288 b 2006
Irs form 12508 2006
A note on reciprocal exchange is added form
Irs publication 794 2006 form
Confirmation for legal blindness 2006 form
Irs form 211 2007
Irs form 3949 a fillable 2007
Form 8857 from irs 2007
Form 8858 2007
Form 13551 2008
Ministry of defence kenya cadets 2008 form
2008 form 7004
Form 8822 fill in 2008
Fax number for f14039 2009 form
2009 1099 misc fillable form
irs 100054882 form
Trfrom no 7 2009 form

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Best of the Upstate
Humphrey sparks Powdersville past Berea
Back scores two touchdowns to help Patriots get first win of season
Humphrey sparks Powdersville past Berea Back scores two touchdowns to help Patriots get first win of season Check out this story on greenvilleonline.com: http://grnol.co/1UygQ2l
Staff Report Published 12:53 a.m. ET Sept. 5, 2015 | Updated 9:57 a.m. ET Sept. 5, 2015
Powdersville's E.J. Humphrey (3) rushed for two touchdowns Friday night.(Photo: DOUG BUFFINGTON)
E.J. Humphrey rushed for 100 yards — including a 59-yard touchdown — as Powdersville surged past Berea 27-14 on Friday night.
Humphrey broke off his long run on the Patriots' first possession and added a 2-yard run in the second quarter to give Powdersville (1-1) at 17-7 lead at the half.
Emery Williams' 8-yard touchdown pass to J.J. Gentile midway through the third increased the lead to 24-7 before the Bulldogs' Colby Pressley scored on a 1-yard run midway through the fourth quarter.
Williams finished 9-for-16 for 124 yards passing, and Jakobe Bufford added 48 yards rushing and caught two passes for 31 yards. Humphrey had two receptions for 46 yards.
Austin Snow converted two field goals and two point-after tries to account for Powdersville's other points.
Travis Hagood scored on a 12-yard run that brought the Bulldogs (1-1) to 10-7 in the second quarter.
GREENVILLEONLINE
3 things you probably don't know about Clemson football's Tee Higgins
Clemson coaches are the highest paid in college football. Here's what they make
Clemson football's winning staff is highest paid, but a 'sense of community' keeps them here
Clemson football seeks ways to add value to Memorial Stadium experience


text:
Q: How to turn off .NET 4.5 features on CSharpCodeProvider? I'm using CSharpCodeProvider to compile assembly. I want to get errors when user using features and classes from .NET Framework versions above 4.0.
For example, if run this code on machine with installed 4.5 version .NET framework, CSharpCodeProvider compiles successfully with .NET 4.5 APIs(e.g. System.Reflection.ReflectionContext)
var options = new Dictionary<string, string> { { "CompilerVersion", "v4.0" } };
var cs = new CSharpCodeProvider(options);
var compilerParams = new CompilerParameters();
var r = cs.CompileAssemblyFromSource(
    compilerParams,
    "namespace Sample {public class SampleClass{private System.Reflection.ReflectionContext a;}}");

Anyone any idea how I can specify to use the only 4.0 version for compile?

A: The way to specifically target the .NET 4.0 Framework shape is to do what MSBuild does when resolving assembly references in .NET 4.0 projects by default, target the reference assemblies deployed by the Windows SDK (which is installed by VS). The reference assemblies installed to C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework.NETFramework\v4.0 represent the public surface area of the Framework binaries for .NET 4.0 - referencing these binaries will let your app target the subset of .NET 4.5 available on systems with only .NET 4.0 installed.
https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/783278/compilerversion-is-not-being-taken-into-account-v4-0-in-a-machine-with-net-4-5-installed

A: I think that you have to link another mscorlib.dll, using the /nostdlib option.
List<String> references = new List<string>();

String mscorlib = Path.Combine(
    Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Windows),
    @"Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\mscorlib.dll"
);

references.Add(mscorlib);
// Add other references...

var provider = new CSharpCodeProvider(new Dictionary<String,String> {{"CompilerVersion", "v4.0"}});

var parameters = new CompilerParameters(references.ToArray(), "MyApp.exe");
parameters.GenerateExecutable = true;
parameters.CompilerOptions = "/nostdlib";

var results = provider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(parameters,
    @"using System;

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(""CLR Version: "" + Environment.Version);
        }
    }");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
News Home State of the System Ben's Biz Players of the Month Nationwide's Road to the Show Nationwide Dog Dugout Copa de la Diversión Diversity & Inclusion
Game Highlights Watch MiLB.TV
Triple-A Double-A Class A Advanced Class A Class A Short Season Rookie Advanced Rookie
Triple-A Double-A Class A Advanced Class A Class A Short Season Rookie Advanced Rookie Player Bookmarks
By League
Complete Game Schedule
Contests Auctions Tickets About History Fans First Pitch App Gameday Audio Podcast
First Pitch App
Gameday Audio
EL's McEacharn wins 2019 Giles Award
Annual prize honors outstanding service as league president
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. -- Minor League Baseball™ (MiLB™) announced today it has selected Eastern League President Joe McEacharn as the recipient of the 36th annual Warren Giles Award, which honors outstanding service as a league president.
The Warren Giles Award has been presented annually since 1984 and is named for the long-time baseball executive who served as the National League president from 1951 to 1969. McEacharn will receive the award at the Baseball Winter Meetings Banquet on Sunday, Dec. 8, at the Hilton San Diego Bayfront.
"Joe McEacharn has done a tremendous job leading the Eastern League over the last 17 years and his clubs are leaders in their respective communities," said Minor League Baseball President & CEO Pat O'Conner. "The Eastern League continues to be one of the most stable leagues in Minor League Baseball in part due to Joe's leadership, and on behalf of Minor League Baseball, it is my pleasure to present Joe with this honor."
"Recognition amongst peers for contributing to success is both a humbling and appreciative experience," said McEacharn. "I'm sure my peers agree that this award is really a group recognition earned by contributions from Eastern League owners, operators and staff members, as well as substantial support and guidance from the entire MiLB staff, and it is with gratitude to each, that I respectfully accept this award on behalf of all those contributors."
McEacharn, who also claimed the honor in 2006, becomes the eighth league president in Minor League Baseball to win the Giles Award two or more times, joining John Hopkins, Randy Mobley (three-time winner), John Henry Moss, Charles K. Murphy, Branch Rickey III, Bob Richmond and George Spelius.
During McEacharn's tenure as league president, the Eastern League has had four teams win Minor League Baseball's Larry MacPhail Promotional Award (Trenton-2003, Altonona-2004, New Hampshire-2010 and Akron-2015), three clubs win the John H. Johnson President's Award (Reading-2003, Trenton-2005 and Altoona-2006), two teams win the John Henry Moss Community Service Award (Reading-2018 and Hartford-2019) and one Rawlings Woman Executive of the Year Award (Reading's Ashley Forlini-2006).
A native of West Springfield, Massachusetts, McEacharn joined the Eastern League staff in 1997, under President William B. "Bill" Troubh, after starting his professional career as an attorney. McEacharn and his wife, Mary, reside in Scarborough, Maine, with Addi, their golden retriever.
CONNECT WITH MiLB.COM
Privacy Policy (updated 9.2.2015)


Supporters across the region testified in favor of natural gas pipeline infrastructure development during a string of public comment meetings held regarding FERC's draft environmental impact statement for the Rover Pipeline. Supporters of the project spoke out last week in Fayette and Hamler, Ohio as well as in Chelsea, Michigan.
Jon Rosenberger, a member of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers testified that the project would provide "exactly the right kind of economic stimulus" for communities across Ohio still struggling to recover from the Great Recession. If approved, the proposed $4.2 billion pipeline is expected to create upwards of 6,500 new jobs in Ohio alone and generate an estimated $135 million in ad valorem tax revenues. In addition, manufacturing firms in Ohio such as Mount Vernon-based Ariel Corporation will play a central role in supplying the necessary materials for the project.
A study commissioned by the Ohio State Grange, Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure and Its Impact on Michigan and Ohio Agriculture, found that the construction of natural gas pipeline infrastructure will provide short- and long-term benefits to farmers across the region. Bob White, president of the Ohio State Grange further emphasized these findings in a recent opinion piece published in the Daily Digger.


text:
Trump Invokes Fifth Amendment in Deposition for New York Civil Investigation
Some are speculating Trump's real motivations in pleading the Fifth are related to other criminal inquiries he's facing.
Former President Donald Trump departs after speaking at the America First Policy Institute's America First Agenda summit at the Marriott Marquis on July 26, 2022, in Washington, D.C.
Kent Nishimura / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
At a Wednesday deposition for a New York state civil investigation into the Trump Organization's assets, former President Donald Trump said he would refuse to answer any questions from state Attorney General Letitia James.
The investigation into Trump's business is examining whether he, his family and/or his company inappropriately adjusted the values of his assets in order to suit their needs — including inflating their worth in order to obtain positive bank loan outcomes and deflating their worth in order to avoid taxes.
The inquiry is a civil one, which means Trump and his family members won't face any criminal charges from James, though they may face steep fines from the state. Being found in violation of state law on the matter would also reflect poorly on Trump ahead of a likely 2024 presidential election run.
Two of Trump's adult children, Ivanka Trump and Don Trump Jr., gave depositions earlier this month.
Trump said he would refuse to answer any questions from James during his deposition. In a statement that was released while his deposition was beginning, Trump indicated that he would invoke his Fifth Amendment right to avoid self-incrimination — an action he once said innocent people do not take.
Are the Bells Tolling for Donald Trump, at Long Last?
As we watch the walls close in on Trump, let's not forget that the potential for right-wing violence is all too real.
Trump tried to suggest that the investigation was only about politics, appearing to blame his Fifth Amendment stance on everything from James to President Joe Biden.
"I have absolutely no choice because the current Administration and many prosecutors in this Country have lost all moral and ethical bounds of decency," he said.
The former president also recognized that he had once derided people who utilized their Fifth Amendment protections.
"'If you're innocent, why are you taking the Fifth Amendment?'" he said he had once asked. "Now I know the answer to that question. When your family, your company, and all the people in your orbit have become the targets of an unfounded, politically motivated Witch Hunt supported by lawyers, prosecutors, and the Fake News Media, you have no choice."
Judges have repeatedly rejected Trump's lawyers' complaints that the civil suit is motivated by politics.
Trump's complaints about people invoking their Fifth Amendment rights were hypocritical when he originally made them in 2016 during his presidential run against Hillary Clinton. For several decades, Trump has invoked the Fifth Amendment during depositions.
According to The New York Times, there may be other reasons why Trump is pleading the Fifth. Additional investigations examining his conduct, including a criminal one in Manhattan, could use his testimony in today's deposition as evidence against him.
"While Ms. James's inquiry is civil, and she cannot file criminal charges against the former president, the Manhattan district attorney's office has been conducting a parallel criminal investigation into whether Mr. Trump fraudulently inflated valuations of his properties," the Times reported. "Any misstep from the former president in his deposition could have breathed new life into that inquiry."
Chris Walker is a news writer at Truthout, and is based out of Madison, Wisconsin. Focusing on both national and local topics since the early 2000s, he has produced thousands of articles analyzing the issues of the day and their impact on the American people.
New York City Mayor Asks for Criminal Investigation Into Trump Taxes
Bill de Blasio asked a district attorney to look into discrepancies between city tax filings and loan filings.
Heather Vogell ,
New York AG Letitia James Files Lawsuit Seeking to Dissolve the NRA
James alleges tens of millions of dollars of donations were spent for personal reasons by several NRA executives.
A former fossil fuel lobbyist could have huge sway over the House's energy policy priorities.
The proposal places "a target [on] drag performers," one LGBTQ advocate said.
The Gallego campaign says it got over 27,000 donations, breaking the previous 24-hour fundraising record in Arizona.
Arizona Sen. Krysten Sinema switched her political affiliation from Democrat to independent in December.
Just 37 percent of Americans think what Biden did was illegal, while 52 percent say Trump's actions were illegal.
McCarthy has refused to discipline Santos despite having numerous options to do so as speaker of the House.
George Santos Changes His Story About How He Got $625,000 in Campaign Funds
Santos's campaign has pivoted, saying that previously reported personal loans weren't actually from personal funds.
McCarthy Blocks Schiff, Swalwell From Serving on Intelligence Committee
The Speaker is "catering to the most extreme elements" of the GOP caucus, Schiff said in a statement.
11 Months Out to the 2024 Primaries, Trump Struggles to Stay Relevant
Even Ivanka wants nothing to do with the Trump 2024 campaign.
Sasha Abramsky ,
White Supremacist Nick Fuentes's Twitter Was Reinstated — Then Banned Again
Fuentes's latest ban comes hours after he shared a post amplifying rapper Kanye West's antisemitic statements.


text:
Calvatone (Calvatòon in dialetto locale) è un comune italiano di  abitanti della provincia di Cremona in Lombardia.

Storia
Nei pressi di Calvatone si svolsero nel 69 d.C. le due battaglie di Bedriaco.

Simboli
Lo stemma e il gonfalone del comune di Calvatone sono stati concessi con decreto del presidente della Repubblica del 24 aprile 2000.

Monumenti e luoghi d'interesse
 Chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Maria Immacolata
 Riserva naturale Le Bine
 Ponte sull'Oglio

Società

Evoluzione demografica

Note

Voci correlate
 Fiume Oglio
 Parco Oglio Sud
 Betriacum o Bedriacum
 Prima battaglia di Bedriaco
 Seconda battaglia di Bedriaco
 Via Postumia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
UK Appellate Court Confirms Pan-European Win for Samsung on iPad Community Design Charges
October 18, 2012 PatentAffirmed Without Opinion, anticipation, Claim Construction, Damages, obviousnessDennis Crouch
By Dennis Crouch
Samsung Electronics v. Apple, [2012] EWCA Civ 1339
The English (and Wales) court of appeals has issued a new decision in the ongoing global intellectual property battle between smartphone competitors Apple and Samsung. This case focused on Apple's Community Design No. 000181607-0001 and affirms the trial court ruling by the High Court Judge Colin Birss that the three accused Samsung Galaxy models do not infringe. The court has also affirmed Judge Birss's equitable order forcing Apple to advertise its loss (in order to partially correct damage done to Samsung's reputation).
Apple's iPad registered community design being asserted here is the simple design shown below.
A registered European Community Design is roughly equivalent to a US Design Patent. However, the Europeans have done away with the examination process and replaced it with registration without considering whether the design is actually novel. Thus, while the European law requires that a registered community design be novel (a lower standard than nonobvious), that issue is not raised in the initial registration process. The US continues to examine design patents for novelty and nonobviousness. However, the USPTO's examination of design patent novelty can best be described as a farce. In a 2010 study, I found that the vast majority of design patent applications do not receive even a single rejection during the examination process and only 1.2% are the subject of an obviousness or novelty rejection. In that essay I identified our system as that of de facto registration. Because of the in-expense and ease of registration, Community Designs have been quite popular.
Up to now, the process of obtaining Community Designs has been largely separate from that of US design patent rights. This will change, however, if the US finalizes legislation implementing the Hague Agreement. Earlier this year the US Senate passed the "Patent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012" (S. 3486) that would implement the Hague Agreement (as well as the procedural Patent Law Treaty PLT). If there is no major objection, the House of Representatives is likely to pass its version of the Act in the lame duck session of Congress following the November presidential election.
The opinion in the present case is written by Lord Justice Robin Jacob who has retired from the bench but is regularly called back to hear intellectual property cases. As you will find with virtually all of Lord Justice Jacob's decisions, the case is well written, layered, and informative. Lord Justice David Kitchin (another IP focused jurist) joined the panel. In addition to the related design patent litigation in the U.S., this particular community design is being litigated in Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain.
Infringement of a community design is defined in Article 10 of the Community Design Regulation EC 6/2002 and asks whether the accused design "does not produce on the informed user a different overall impression" after taking into consideration "the degree of freedom of the designer in developing his design." Although worded somewhat differently, this standard is on track with U.S. design patent infringement law that considers whether an "ordinary observer, familiar with the prior art designs, would be deceived into believing that the accused product is the same as the patented design." In both situations, the "most important things [to be considered for infringement] are the registered design, the accused object and the prior art and the most important thing about each of these is what they look like."
Jacob, LJ, begins his opinion with a statement about copying—notably that copying is irrelevant to the infringement analysis:
3. Because this case (and parallel cases in other countries) has generated much publicity, it will avoid confusion to say what this case is about and not about. It is not about whether Samsung copied Apple's iPad. Infringement of a registered design does not involve any question of whether there was copying: the issue is simply whether the accused design is too close to the registered design according to the tests laid down in the law. Whether or not Apple could have sued in England and Wales for copying is utterly irrelevant to this case. If they could, they did not. Likewise there is no issue about infringement of any patent for an invention.
4. So this case is all about, and only about, Apple's registered design and the Samsung products. The registered design is not the same as the design of the iPad. It is quite a lot different. For instance the iPad is a lot thinner, and has noticeably different curves on its sides. There may be other differences – even though I own one, I have not made a detailed comparison. Whether the iPad would fall within the scope of protection of the registered design is completely irrelevant. We are not deciding that one way or the other. This case must be decided as if the iPad never existed.
The appellate opinion fully supported Judge Birss's initial determination that substantial differences led to a rejection of the infringement contention. In particular, when compared with the registered design, Samsung devices are thinner and have substantial surface ornamentation. Other features – such as a flat rectangular screen – the court found to so "banal" as to not contribute to the infringement analysis. The court found the rounded corners also unremarkable and of obvious function for a handheld device. Normally, an accused infringer cannot avoid infringement with use of its distinctive trademark on the product. In this case, however, the court found that Samsung's trademark name on its device helped to distinguish the device from the Apple registered design because of the label was additional ornamentation that contradicted Apple's approach of substantially lacking surface ornamentation.
Taking all this as a whole, Judge Birss could not see any infringement. In the appeal, Jacob, LJ, agreed noting that "Overall I cannot begin to see any material error by the Judge."
54. I would add that even if I were forming my own view of the matter, I would have come to the same conclusion and for the same reasons. If the registered design has a scope as wide as Apple contends it would foreclose much of the market for tablet computers. Alterations in thickness, curvature of the sides, embellishment and so on would not escape its grasp. Legitimate competition by different designs would be stifled.
European-wide declaration of non-infringement affirmed. Now, in all likelihood Apple will take its appeal to the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) who is the final arbiter of EU community design law.
Parallel Pan-European Preliminary Injunction by German Courts: Prior to Judge Birss's final decision, Apple applied ex parte for a preliminary injunction in a German court that was granted "without Samsung having an opportunity of being heard." In July 2012 (a few weeks after Judge Birss's decision) the German Court of Appeal (Oberlandesgericht) granted a pan-European preliminary injunction (interim injunction) against the Galaxy 7.7. Under community design litigation rules, Judge Birss's decision takes precedent and lifts that preliminary injunction. In his opinion, Lord Justice Jacob was highly critical of the German courts for taking that approach while the case was pending before Judge Birss sitting as a community design judge.
56. Firstly I cannot understand on what basis the [German] Court thought it had jurisdiction to grant interim relief. I do not think it did [have jurisdiction] for several reasons.
At minimum, a national court associated where interim relief is sought loses jurisdiction as soon as the court seized of the substance of the case (according to community design law) issues its decision.
In addition to wrongly hearing the case, Jacob, LJ also argues that the German Court wrongly decided the case.
61. … I regret to say that I find the Oberlandesgericht's reasoning on the merits sparse in the extreme….
62. What the Oberlandesgericht did not do was to consider Judge Birss's decision in detail. It gave only meagre reasons for saying "The Court cannot concur with the interpretation of the High Court". I regret that. …
63. … If courts around Europe simply say they do not agree with each other and give inconsistent decisions, Europe will be the poorer.
There are probably three ways to see this conflict: (1) as a lack of effort on the German court's part (unlikely); (2) as a lack of respect for UK courts (more likely); or (3) as an indication that German's support stronger design rights than do the UK courts (most likely).
The decision also suggests that the German court should force Apple to compensate Samsung for the trouble it has caused with its approach to obtaining a preliminary injunction:
Whether or not Samsung has any claim in the German courts for all the losses it has suffered as a result of preliminary measures which proved to be unjustified is obviously not a matter for us. I hope it does. If the position were the other way round, that the unjustified preliminary measures had been granted by the English and Welsh courts, the "injured" party would have a remedy under the cross-undertaking in damages which the English court normally requires as a condition of granting a preliminary measure which is not ultimately vindicated in a main trial.
At paragraph 78.
Ghost Lines in Design Patents: Although minor in the context of this appeal, Lord Justice Jacob has an interesting comment on the dotted "ghost" lines that have become common in US design patent drafting. According to the MPEP, those lines are allowed as "Environmental structure" so long as "clearly designated as environment in the specification." MPEP § 1503. The Apple registration included a dotted line frame showing the boundary of the operational portion of its screen. Samsung unsuccessfully argued that dotted line should not be given any patentable weight based upon what Jacob, LJ calls "a complicated point based on the guidelines for examination."
21. There is one other point about how the informed user would assess the registered design, a point decided by the Judge adversely to Samsung. Views 0001.1 and 0001.3 show the front of the tablet. There is a rectangular dotted line shown. Apple submitted, and the Judge accepted, that the dotted line indicated a frame below a glass face – of the kind now familiar on all sorts of touch-screen devices. Samsung ran a complicated point based on the guidelines for examination. It submitted these would lead the informed user to conclude that the dotted lines were there to indicate that a feature was not protected: thus the fact that the Samsung device does have a "frame" is to be disregarded.
22. This is faintly absurd: a bit like the notice-board reading "Ignore this notice." For if there were no dotted rectangular line, the front face of the design as registered would be entirely plain. So it would then be for the informed user to form a judgment as to whether a tablet with a frame created a different overall impression. In short, on Samsung's contention if there were no dotted lines the position would the same as if they were there.
This development if applied broadly could actually become a major source of contention and difficulty in implementing the global design rights system suggested by the Hague Agreement.
As an aside on the ghost line point, I briefly reviewed the prosecution history file of the US design patent that serves as the priority filing for the community design in this case. See U.S. Design Patent D504,889. In my review, I did not find any applicant remarks indicating that the dotted line in the frame is merely an environmental structure or indicating that the dotted line should not be considered as an element of the design patent. Judge Koh considered this issue during the US litigation of the '889 patent and agreed in dicta that "A reasonable interpretation of the dotted lines in the D′889 patent … is that the dotted lines are intended to show the inset screen below the glass-like surface. At this point, without the aid of prosecution history, evidence regarding drafting principles, or argument from the parties, the Court considers the dotted lines to most likely indicate an inset screen and are likely part of the claimed design." Apple, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 2011 WL 7036077 (N.D.Cal. December 02, 2011). For its decision, the court cited Bernardo Footwear, L.L.C. v. Fortune Dynamics, Inc., 2007 WL 4561476 (S.D.Tex. Dec.24, 2007). In that case the court held that broken lines in a design patent were part of the claimed design because the drafter had failed to explain the significance (or significance) of the broken lines.
David Musker has more on his Community Design blog: Class 99. As David notes, the decision includes a couple of important elements of substantive community design law including (1) the definition of an "informed user" and (2) how courts should define and consider functional features of the registered design.
The good folks at Groklaw have written on Judge Koh's design patent claim construction from a different front — arguing that the court inappriately ignored funcationality issues. See, Richard Redano, The Mysterious Disappearance of Functionality Considerations from the Apple v. Samsung Design Patent Claim Construction and Its Prejudicial Impact.
Florian Mueller has more here.
← Design Patent Damages: When is proof of copying required for profit disgorgement? Technology Patents LLC. v. T-Mobile (UK) Ltd. →
8 thoughts on "UK Appellate Court Confirms Pan-European Win for Samsung on iPad Community Design Charges"
iOS Applications says:
In Nationwide Shipping Inc v The Athena ex Amaze 1 the Supreme Court of Cyprus in its role as Admiralty Court recently upheld a first instance decision to dismiss a case due to lack of jurisdiction.
IP, That statement in the patent was interpreted as being directed only toward Figure 9 and not Toward Figure 1. Figure 9 showed a man holding the iPad. (Although, confusingly, the iPad that he is holding has the dotted-line frame).
Let's all sing!
"Deutschland, Deutschland, uber Alles…"
IP attorney says:
Regarding the dotted lines: Judge Koh agreed in dicta that "A reasonable interpretation of the dotted lines in the D′889 patent … to most likely indicate an inset screen and are likely part of the claimed design."
This is directly contradicted in the '899 patent which states that the dotted lines are "being shown for illustrative purposes only and form no part of the claimed design."
MaxDrei says:
Ned, when you are a patent litigation man in the hegemon jurisdiction, Germany, it seems inconceivable that any other European nation should have anything interesting to say on the subject. It is only a matter of time, they think, until everybody ses the light, and comes round to the German view.
And, with Japan, Korea and China over the last 100 years or so adopting German patent law, who can blame them?
What doesn't jump out at one is how the court in England that got this case. It seems that patent owners would never sue in England given the fact that the English courts are so reasonable and the German courts are not.
I think the most interesting aspect of this case as reported by Dennis is the dispute between English courts in the German courts over the preliminary junction granted by the German courts after the English courts had ruled that there was no infringement. According to the appellate court decision, the English court decision should have divested the German courts of jurisdiction to even consider preliminary relief.
Obviously someone in Europe needs to get its act together in it appears to be Germany.
Max, thanks.
I see the Illuminati in the US pushing for bifurcation here as well — in a sense. But they want litigation held up pending a "review" by the PTO. We see in the PTO, for example, no presumption of validity and BRI.
Their plan is clear. This is the German system upside down and backwards.
Readers might enjoy a couple of backstory issues, namely:
1. The EU this summer has been strenuously trying to enact a pan-European "unitary patent" regime. All seemed to be cut and dried but then, suddenly, this week, the leading European patent law think tank, the Max Planck Institute in Munich, suddenly comes out with 12 unassailable reasons for giving the boot to the summer's proposals. Why now, I wonder.
2. The Brits have for years been banging on about the danger written in to the unitary patent draft litigation of "bifurcation", namely, the notion (as has for ever been practised in Germany) that infringement courts have no authority to consider the validity of the asserted registered and duly issued and presumed valid IP right. Brits say it leads to courts enjoining those who are practising invalid IPR's. Not only that, it also takes donkeys years before the enjoined parties can get the asserted IPR finally declared invalid. No wonder Apple asserted their wretched IPR in Germany. No wonder Samsung went to London to get the wretched thing declared invalid.
Is it though any wonder that Munich's Max Planck now sees problems?
It's not just the USA where patents these days get all political.


SIA Gallery has chosen, for viennacontemporary 2016, to present works solely from the Macedonian art scene, which is an unusual and lesser known, yet one of the most intriguing contemporary art scenes in Europe. The selected works, in a way represent a small cross section of the Macedonian art scene since the mid 80's, by presenting artists from very different generations – Percinkov, (born 1939), Prlja (b.1971) and Prokopiev (b.1985).
At this presentation, we look at the notion of re-appropriation of other artists' (or designers') work. Prlja's work references works by two significant artists from former Yugoslavia – Abramovic and Stilinovic – which have influenced her own work. Percinkov's work is inspired, in part, by the pioneering works of Malevich, in which he symbolically reinterprets the suprematists' landscape, while Prokopiev's works are inspired by and are interpretations of the forms of classical vases in ancient Greek art.
The three Macedonian contemporary artists represented at Vienna Contemporary occupy a significant position in contemporary Macedonian art. Percinkov, one of the key figures of the olderer generation of contemporary Macedonian artists, has been working as an artist (and educator) for over half a century, and is representative of the avantgarde period, obsessively exploring various forms of abstraction, minimalism and geometricism in his work. While pertaining to a younger generation of contemporary Macedonian artists, Nada Prlja is the most internationally established of the three artists, having lived and worked in London for 15 years, participating in various international Biennales and with numerous solo exhibitions in significant institutions both nationally and internationally. Her work is socially engaged and can be defined as critical art, dealing with the complex situations of inequality and injustice in societies. Prlja's work adopts a site and context-specific quality, which influences the choice of media for each particular project. Her most influential public art work to date was her 'Peace Wall' project for the Berlin Biennale (2012). Prokopiev, the youngest of the three artists, is one of the most promising of a newer generation of Macedonian artists. His work primarily explores various drawing techniques, and other media such as painting, animation and installation, while he also engages in other media and parallel activities, including the publishing of artbooks. Prokopiev is one of very few artists who has chosen to involve the historical aspect of ancient Macedonia in his own work – a politically potent concept in contemporary Macedonia.
Dusan Percinkov was born in Skopje, Macedonia (1939), where he still lives and works. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts, Department of Painting in Belgrade, Serbia (1963) where he also gained an MA diploma (1966). Percinkov is predominantly a painter, printmaker, art-object maker and art educator. He was a tutor at the Faculty of Architecture in Skopje since 1972, and since 1980 and until his retirement, he was a professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts in Skopje. He has had numerous exhibitions both nationally and internationally; the latest retrospective of his work was held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje (2003).
Percinkov started his career in the mid '60s. Since the '70s he embraced silk-screen as his primary medium (which at the time, in Macedonia was seen as a lesser-art form to painting). This shift in his art practice has made him one of the main supporters of innovation within fine art in the local art scene, an attitude and approach which has influenced several generations of younger artists in Macedonia.
Percinkov is one of the most important and authentic artists in Macedonia. His work is mainly influenced by the avant-garde movements from the beginning and mid-20th century. Since the beginning of his career in the '60s, he has investigated the relationship between the urban and the natural world, while his works from (and since) the '80's lean toward abstraction. Percinkov is still active, making art-objects in a geometric and minimal style.
Nada Prlja was born in Sarajevo, BH (1971). She lived in Skopje, Macedonia (81-98), and in London, UK (98-12), while since 2103, she lives and works between London and Skopje. She received an MPhil research degree from the Royal College of Arts, London (2002), after graduating from the Faculty of Fine Arts in Skopje (1996). She works mainly in the following mediums: installation, video installation, live art and public art projects.
5th Moscow Biennale (2013); 7th Berlin Biennale, Berlin (2012); Manifesta 8, Murcia (2010); International Printmaking Biennale, Ljubljana (2009) and 7th Varna Contemporary Art Biennial (2008).
Prlja is an artist whose work deals with complex situations of inequality and injustice in societies, ranging from political to economic issues. Using different media, her projects are multi-layered, site or condition-specific.
Prokopiev's works have been shown in many exhibitions, including the 15th Mediterranean Biennale for young artists (BJCEM) in Thessaloniki (2011) and the 42nd Osten Biennial of Drawing in Skopje (2015). In 2011, he won the award DENES – Young Visual Artist Award, for the work 'Very Large Drawings'.
His professional practice also involves book illustration, writing and publishing. In 2016 he co-founded 'Private Print', a publishing house which focuses on art books and other art related publications.


With more than 10 years of experience in the industry, FastestLabs® is your one-stop shop for all your personal testing needs. From random drug testing to post-accident breathalyzer tests for employees to discreet, accurate paternity tests and more, we are well-equipped to handle any test you may need. Our certified Fastest Labs collectors provide friendly and professional service tailored to your exact needs. We offer the fastest results possible—most test results are available within minutes—as well as some of the most affordable rates around! Need drug, alcohol, DNA testing or employee drug testing in El Paso or the nearby areas? Call Fastest Labs El Paso today!
At Fastest Labs El Paso, we understand that the results of your test are important. In many instances, the results can even be life-changing. With this in mind, we take the greatest care to ensure completely accurate results that you can rely on.
Give us a call at (915) 228-2770 to learn more about our comprehensive El Paso Lab testing services!
Whether you need to conduct DOT-compliant employee drug testing, court-admissible paternity testing, immigration DNA testing, or even athletic steroid drug testing, we offer the rapid, reliable results you need. Our El Paso drug and DNA testing services are second to none and our customer service is unmatched throughout the area.
Contact us at (915) 228-2770 today to schedule your service at our El Paso testing lab today!


text:
Pipestone Region
Title: Pipestone Region
Subject: Minnesota, Geography of Minnesota, Regions of Minnesota, Pipestone, Crime in Minnesota
Collection: Regions of Minnesota
The Pipestone Region is an area in southwestern Minnesota. The area was named for its supply of pipestone (catlinite), a type of limestone which local Indians carved into pipes. The area is also noted for quartzite quarries.
The area is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota.
The Dakota were early inhabitants of the Pipestone Region.
The area was part of the Louisiana Purchase and was settled by Americans beginning in the mid-19th century. The city of Pipestone was founded in 1873.
Pipestone National Monument was established in 1937 in the region.
Split Rock Creek State Park
Articles lacking sources from June 2008
Minnesota articles missing geocoordinate data
All articles needing coordinates
Regions of Minnesota
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Ramsey County, Minnesota, Israel, Minnesota Wild
Chicago, Hennepin County, Minnesota, Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Target Corporation
Politics of Minnesota
Minnesota, United States Senate, Minneapolis, Democratic Party (United States), Republican Party (United States)
Geography of Minnesota
Wisconsin, Minneapolis, Iowa, South Dakota, Lake Superior
Pipestone County, Minnesota, Catlinite, Pipestone, Manitoba, Pipestone No. 92, Saskatchewan, Pipestone Creek
Crime in Minnesota
Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Minneapolis, Crime, U.S. state


text:
Civilians seek food, water as siege on Philippines continues (Photo Gallery)
A displaced resident holds a supply of sardines at an evacuation center in Balo-i township, Lanao del Norte province in southern Philippines, Wednesday, May 31, 2017. Tens of thousands of residents are now housed in different evacuation centers as government troops continue to fight Muslim militants in Marawi city. (AP Photo/Bullit Marquez)
Payton Potter
Jim Gomez
MARAWI, Philippines — At an evacuation center outside the besieged Philippine city of Marawi on Wednesday, the results of a week of misery — a week of violence, uncertainty, long nights and promises of better tomorrows — were evident in the faces and hearts of the displaced.
About 130 people were killed in the violent attacks on Marawi, which erupted last Tuesday after soldiers launched a raid to capture militant leader Isnilon Hapilon, a leader of the Islamic State group in Southeast Asia.
In the skirmish, the operation went awry and Hapilon got away.
The unrest has boosted fears that the Islamic State group's violent ideology is gaining a foothold in the country's restive southern islands, where a Muslim separatist rebellion has raged for decades.
Military spokesman Brig. Gen. Restituto Padilla said Hapilon is believed to still be in Marawi.
As the two sides battle it out, civilians have been caught in the crossfire.
Bilal Sulaiman, a 47-year-old carpenter, said his wife and three children evacuated to safety early in the conflict but he stayed behind to watch their house near the scene of the battle.
He said when the fighting became too fierce, with bombs exploding two blocks away from his house, he ran for his life to a nearby mountain, where he waited without food and water until he found safety in an army-controlled area.
"We did not eat for days," Sulaiman told the AP at an evacuation center, where some people wept as rescue workers handed out biscuits and water. "It was really scary. There were explosions just two blocks from my house, but I couldn't leave our house because somebody might burn it. I later left when the fighting got too intense."
Frightened civilians crowded into schools, basketball courts and sports centers where villagers slept on floors and in grandstands. The villagers relied on government food and water rations as well as donations.
Amid the squalor and lack of privacy, Naima Dimangadap, a single mother of five, wept.
"Our homes got burned because of the bombings," Dimangadap said. "We failed to save anything, including our cooking pots. It's so difficult to live in this evacuation camp."
On Wednesday, Philippine authorities said troops had cleared almost 90 percent of Marawi city.
Padilla said 960 civilians had been rescued and an estimated 1,000 residents remained trapped in the city. The dead include 89 militants, 19 civilians and 21 government forces.
Eight other militants surrendered and provided "very, very valuable intelligence" during questioning, Padilla said.
President Rodrigo Duterte, who declared martial law on Mindanao island, has approved the creation of a "peace corridor" to hasten the rescue of civilians and delivery of humanitarian aid for displaced people. Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella said the corridor will be implemented by the government and the main separatist group, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, which has signed a peace agreement in exchange for Muslim autonomy in Mindanao, the southern third of the Philippines.
[aesop_gallery id="5292″ revealfx="off"]


text:
\section{Introduction}
Weather forecasting is essential to early warning and monitoring systems for natural disasters.
Timely action by accurate forecasting can mitigate the impacts.
Recently, extreme precipitation events have significantly increased in frequency and intensity over the globe, which can lead to a high potential for flooding~\cite{frnda2022ecmwf}.
Predicting rain events usually use weather radar and the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model.
Over the last few decades, a very short-term forecast, nowcasting, has substantially improved in a combination of that two ways.

NWP model predicts the future weather state from the current atmospheric conditions by solving physical theories.
Still, NWP models need high computational costs, and the first two hours of prediction are known to have a high prediction error because the model resolution is not enough to describe cloud particle development.
More recently, deep learning (DL) has been attempted to combine with NWP to improve the accuracy of short-term predictions~\cite{frnda2022ecmwf, rojas2022deep}.
However, the DL models still do not fully understand the physical theories of the atmosphere, so NWP data is used just as ancillary data~\cite{espeholt2022deep, leinonen2022nowcasting} in the training process.

The current nowcasting approach in operation is based on radar extrapolation methods.
Weather radar produces a high-resolution precipitation map, which includes the motion and intensity of rain events.
Classical methods extrapolate the movement of precipitation systems from radar maps, so the accuracy of rainfall intensity decreases as the prediction time and observation distance increase.
Several data-driven DL algorithms have been used for rain forecasting to overcome these limitations (~\cite{ravuri2021skilful}).
However, the radar can detect water droplets larger than a specific size ($\geq 2 mm$) that are matured cloud particles and may miss smaller droplets.
That means the model cannot recognize the convective initiation.

Thus, the models have been developed by considering a broader spatiotemporal context.
The LSTM (long-short-term memory) architecture uses memory blocks that capture spatiotemporal dependencies among sequential data.
Recently, ConvLSTM by ~\cite{shi2015convolutional} has been employed for 2D images and exploited in weather prediction models without physical theories ~\cite{espeholt2022deep, shi2017deep, ayzel2020rainnet, sonderby2020metnet}.
~\cite{espeholt2022deep} proposed a multi-data-based prediction model, MetNet-2, which uses an axial attention module to efficiently capture the longer spatial dependencies in the data.
However, using additional static data, ConvLSTM, or temporal embedding for temporal modeling could expand complicated structures.

In this paper, we proposed a simple but efficient structure, a SImple baseline with a spatiotemporal context Aggregation Network (SIANet).
SIANet only consists of 3D-CNN compared to others that use a mixture of several models ~\cite{shi2015convolutional, gao2022earthformer}.
We use satellite image data as an input without other static data such as latitude, longitude, and topological height.
Despite this simple structure, SIANet achieved state-of-the-art in 4 out of 5 of the W4C'22 benchmark datasets.
\begin{figure*}[t!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{images/sianet.pdf}
    \caption{An overview of SIANet. SIANet is composed of pure 3D-CNN and uses a large context aggregation module as a basic block. Also, the spatiotemporal refinement module is trained end-to-end fashion.}
    \label{fig:main}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure}[t!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{images/markov5.pdf}
    \caption{Motivation of the Spatiotemporal Refinement Module (STR).}
    \label{fig:STR}
\end{figure}
\section{Method}
In this section, we describe the architecture of the SIANet in detail.
SIANet predicts rainfall locations for the next 8 hours with 32-time slots from an input sequence of 4-time slots of the preceding hour.
The input sequence consists of four consecutive satellite images from 11 spectral band.
These 11 channels consists of satellite radiances covering so-called visible (VIS), water vapor (WV), and infrared (IR) bands.
Each satellite image covers a 15-minute period and its pixels correspond to a spatial area of about 12 km $\times$ 12 km.
The prediction output is a sequence of 32 images representing rain rate from radar reflectivity.
Output images also have a temporal resolution of 15 minutes but have higher spatial resolution than input data, with each pixel corresponding to a spatial area of about 2 km x 2 km.
Thus, in the training process, the proposed model consider how to convert the coarse satellite images to the fine radar images for target regions in addition to predicting the weather in the future.
\subsection{Kernel Decomposition}
If there is a 3D convolutional filter with a receptive field size of $K_{t} \times K_{h} \times K_{w}$ size, the number of Flops of the CNN is as follows:
\begin{equation}
  Flops = H \times W \times C_{in} \times C_{out} \times (K_{t} \times K_{h} \times K_{w} )
  \label{eq:overview1}
\end{equation}
where $H, W$ are the height and width of the image, $C_{in}$ is the input channel, and $C_{out}$ is the number of output channels.
If 3D convolution is separated into spatial 2D convolution and temporal 1D convolution through kernel decomposition, the number of parameters is as follows:
\begin{equation}
  Flops_{d} = H \times W \times C_{in} \times C_{out} \times (K_{t} + K_{h} \times K_{w} )
  \label{eq:overview2}
\end{equation}

\subsection{Overview}
\label{sec:over}
Weather forecasting aims to infer the future weather state based on previous conditions.
When satellite inputs $x \in \mathbb{R}^{C \times T_{in} \times H \times W}$ and ground-radar outputs $y \in \mathbb{R}^{1 \times T_{out} \times \frac{H}{6} \times \frac{W}{6}}$ are given,
SIANet $\mathcal{F}(.)$ learns to predict $y$ by inputting $x$ through loss functions $\mathcal{L}$ as shown in the following equation:
\begin{equation}
  \mathcal{L}_{bce} = -\sum_{h,w}(y\log{\mathcal{F}(x)}+(1-y)\log(1-\mathcal{F}(x))
  \label{eq:overview3}
\end{equation}
~\figureref{fig:main} shows an overview of SIANet.
The model has a simple U-Net-based structure that does not use the complex structures of recent leading approaches such as RNN, CNN+RNN, transformer series, or additional information such as time embedding, latitude, longitude, and topological height.
SIANet uses the Large Spatial Context Aggregation Module (LCAM) as a basic block.
It is an architecture design based on matrix decomposition~\cite{geng2021attention, guo2022segnext}, and the amount of calculation is small compared to parameters.
The final component of SIANet is the spatiotemporal refinement module, which is trained end-to-end without additional training.
It was designed with inspiration from the Markov chain that post-processes through spatio-temporal correlation in the conventional weather forecasting field.

\subsection{Large Spatial Context Aggregation Module}
\label{sec:scam}
The work most similar to the LCAM is a Visual Attention Network (VAN)~\cite{guo2022visual} that recently achieved higher performance than the transformer architecture with decomposition convolution.
LCAM uses decomposition convolutions similar to VAN, but uses Multi Kernel Split Convolutions (MKSC) instead of depthwise convolutions.

As depicted in ~\figref{fig:main}, LCAM contains three parts: a multi-kernel split convolutions to capture multi receptive field, spatiotemporal decomposition convolutions to capture spatiotemporal decomposed information, and an $3 \times 3 \times 3$ convolution to aggregate spatiotemporal information.
When a feature map $F\in \mathbb{R}^{C \times T \times H \times W}$ is given, LCAM is expressed by the following algorithm:
\begin{algorithm}
    \caption{LCAM}\label{euclid}
    \begin{algorithmic}
        \State \textbf{Input:} $F \in \mathbb{R}^{C \times T \times H \times W}$
        \State $F = SpatioConv_{1 \times 3 \times 3}(F)$
        \State $F_{1}, F_{2}, F_{3}, F_{4} = ChannelsSplit(F)$ \Comment{Divide the channels at even intervals}
        \For {$i$ in $4$}
            \State $\hat{F_{i}} = DilateConv_{1 \times n[i] \times n[i]}(F_{i})$ \Comment{$n = [3, 5, 7, 9]$}
        \EndFor
        \State $\hat{F} = Concat(\hat{F_{1}}, \hat{F_{2}}, \hat{F_{3}}, \hat{F_{4}})$
        \State $\hat{F} = TemporalConv_{3 \times 1 \times 1}(\hat{F})$
        \State $\hat{F} = Conv_{3 \times 3 \times 3}(\hat{F})$ \Comment{Spatiotemporal aggregation}
    \end{algorithmic}
    \label{alg:LCAM}
\end{algorithm}
Note that the size of the dividing channels is a hyperparameter.
In the W4C'22 dataset, the highest performance was achieved when the channel division size was set to 2 (3x3,5x5).
However, we empirically found that dividing the channel size by 4 performed best on video prediction dataset~\cite{srivastava2015unsupervised}.

\subsection{Spatiotemporal Refinement Module}
\label{sec:STR}
Conditional random field (CRF) has been widely used as a post-processing algorithm in object semantic segmentation and has shown robust results against various noises.
Recently, a deep learning-based post-processing method has also been proposed and has shown promising results~\cite{huynh2021progressive}.
The accuracy of weather forecasting is significantly affected by the post-processing method.
In particular, the post-processing algorithm is essential because weather is highly spatially and temporally related.

We propose the Spatiotemporal Refinement Module (STR) to solve this problem.
~\figureref{fig:STR} shows our motivation.
As shown in the figure, since adjacent pixels are correlated with each other, using the spatiotemporal modeling can improve the performance of the weather forecasting model.
The STR is trained for the purpose of refinement of the output $y_{early} \in \mathbb{R}^{1 \times T \times H \times W}$ from the 3D-UNet structure based on the LCAM block. $y_{early}$ is generated through reshaping after channel reduction with target region crop and $1 \times 1 \times1$ convolution.
~\figureref{fig:reshape} shows the process how the channels and the time dimensions are multiplied to create the target time dimension used for weather forecasting.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{images/reshape.pdf}
    \caption{The reshape method adopted by SIANet.}
    \label{fig:reshape}
\end{figure}

As shown in ~\figref{fig:main}, the STR consists of a large kernel spatiotemporal attention and two sequential residual blocks.
The large kernel spatiotemporal attention re-weights $y_{early}$ by considering the receptive field as much as $7\times7\times7$ on the spatiotemporal axis of the softmax value of each pixel of $y_{early}$.
Note that large kernel spatiotemporal attention is a temporally extended version of VAN~\cite{guo2022visual}.
After that, $y_{final} \in \mathbb{R}^{1 \times T \times H \times W}$, the result of refinement of $y_{early}$, is output by aggregating the surrounding spatiotemporal information through the residual block with $3\times 3\times 3$ kernel.
The loss function of SIANet including STR follows the equation below:
\begin{equation}
  \mathcal{L}_{total} = \mathcal{L}_{bce}(y_{final}, y) + \alpha\mathcal{L}_{bce}(y_{early}, y)
  \label{eq:STR}
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ is the weighting factor and is set to 0.2 in all our experiments.

\section{Experiments}
We used the \textit{W4C'22} stage1 benchmark dataset and the \textit{W4C'22} stage2 benchmark dataset to evaluate SIANet.
Also, our SIANet was evaluated on the \textit{W4C'22} core transfer benchmark dataset and achieved stage-of-the-art on the test set and held-out set. However, these results are not covered in this paper, but in our core transfer paper.

In this section, the experimental results of the W4C'22 leaderboard and the ablation study experimental results of LCAM and Refine module are described in detail.
The performance evaluation metric of all experiments was selected as mean intersection over union (mIoU).
Note that all ablation studies were performed on the stage 1 testset.
The code is available on \footnote{\tiny	{https://github.com/seominseok0429/W4C22-Simple-Baseline-for-Weather-Forecasting-Using-Spatiotemporal-Context-Aggregation-Network}}
\subsection{Experimental Setting}
\paragraph{\textit{W4C'22 stage1} Datasets} consist of three European regions
  selected based on precipitation characteristics.
The task of the dataset is to receive four satellite images at 15-minute intervals and predict 32 rain events at 15-minute intervals at the pixel level.
Therefore, it is a binary classification task that predicts rain/no-rain at the pixel-level.
OPERA data was separated into rain/no-rain pixels by a threshold of 0.001 mm/hr on ground radar, and the stage1 dataset covered February to December 2019.
\paragraph{\textit{W4C'22 stage2} Datasets} consists of two years, 2019 and 2020, and seven regions of Europe (R15, R34, R76, R04, R05, R06, R07).
Unlike the stage1 dataset, the rain/no-rain threshold is 0.2 mm/hr, and latitude, longitude, and topological height are provided.
Note that in all our experiments, only satellite images are used among them.
\paragraph{Implementation detail}
To train SIANet, the batch size of one GPU was set to 16, and FP16 training was used.
In addition, 90 epochs and 4 positive weights of binary cross entropy were used.
The initial learning rate was set to 1e-4, weight decay to 0.1, and dropout rate to 0.4.
AdamW was used as the optimizer, and the learning rate was reduced by 0.9 when the loss was higher than the validation loss at the previous epoch.
All experiments were performed on Nvidia A100 $\times$ 8 GPUs.
\begin{table*}[!ht]
\centering
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\caption{\textit{W4C'22 Stage1 test leaderboard} experiment results. Note that bold indicates the highest performance.}
\label{tab:tab1}
\resizebox{0.9\columnwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{l|cccccccccccl}
\hline
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{}       & \multicolumn{12}{c}{\textbf{\textit{W4C'22 Stage 1 Test Leaderboard}}}                                                                                \\ \cline{2-13}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Method}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{Boxi15}}                        & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{Boxi34}}                        & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{Boxi76}}    \\ \cline{2-13}
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{}       & Precision & Recall & F1 & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{IoU} & Precision & Recall & F1 & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{IoU} & Precision & Recall & F1 & IoU \\ \hline
SIANet & 0.617 & \textbf{0.751} & \textbf{0.678}& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{0.512}} &  0.535&     \textbf{0.760}   &  \textbf{0.628}  & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{0.458}} &      0.649    &    0.550    &   \textbf{0.595} &  \textbf{0.424}   \\
FIT-CTU & 0.629 & 0.723 & 0.673& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.507} &  0.555&     0.705   &  0.621  & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.450} &      0.653    &    0.489    &   0.559 &  0.388   \\
MS-nowcasting & 0.647 & 0.670 & 0.658& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.490} &  0.537&     0.665   &  0.594  & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.423} &      0.554    &    0.572    &   0.563 &  0.392   \\
meteoai & 0.647 & 0.669 & 0.658& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.490} &  0.517&     0.684   &  0.589  & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.417} & 0.551    &    0.576    &   0.563 &  0.392   \\
KAIST AI & 0.587 & 0.707 & 0.641& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.472} &  0.506&     0.749   &  0.604  & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.433} &      0.556    &    0.575    &    0.565 &   0.394   \\
antfugue & 0.577 & 0.707 & 0.636& \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.466} &  0.547&      0.706   &  0.616  & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.446} &      0.665    &    0.479    &   0.557 &  0.386   \\
 \hline \hline
\end{tabular}%
}
\end{table*}
\subsection{Stage1 Results}
\paragraph{Results} ~\tableref{tab:tab1} is the result of evaluating SIANet on the stage1 test set.
As shown in the table, our SIANet achieved state-of-the-art performance in all regions of R15, R34, and R76.
We achieved these experimental results without additional deep learning model training processes such as multi-model ensemble and fine-tuning, or complex model structures such as ConvLSTM, hybrid, and lead time embedding.
\paragraph{Discussion} SIANet is an end-to-end model composed of only 3D-CNN.
In this paper, we did not use tricks such as fine-tuning and multi-model ensemble to experimentally prove that SIANet has a simple structure but a strong performance.
However, we believe that SIANet will also benefit from additional performance improvements by applying a fine-tuning, multi-model ensemble.

\begin{table}[!ht]
\centering
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\caption{\textit{W4C'22 Stage2 test leaderboard} experiment results. Note that bold indicates the highest
performance.}
\label{tab:tab2}
\resizebox{0.9\columnwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{c|cccllllcccllll|c}
\hline
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & \multicolumn{14}{c|}{W4C 22 Test Leaderboard}                                                                                &       \\ \cline{2-15}
Method                & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{2019}                                                  & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{2020}                             & mIoU  \\ \cline{2-15}
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & R15   & R34   & R76   & R04   & R05   & R06   & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{R07}   & R15   & R34   & R76   & R04   & R05   & R06   & R07   &       \\ \hline
SIANet                & 0.305 & 0.177 & \textbf{0.360} & \textbf{0.260} & \textbf{0.317} & \textbf{0.422} & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{0.369} & 0.270 & \textbf{0.392} & 0.128 & \textbf{0.361} & \textbf{0.277} & \textbf{0.345} & \textbf{0.244} & \textbf{0.302} \\
meteoai               & \textbf{0.310} & 0.180 & 0.323 & 0.244 & 0.309 & 0.418 & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{\textbf{0.375}} & 0.220 & 0.384 & \textbf{0.163} & 0.343 & 0.269 & 0.285 & 0.207 & 0.288 \\
FIT-CTU               & 0.308 & 0.194 & 0.350 & 0.253 & 0.308 & 0.411 & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{0.333} & \textbf{0.276} & 0.388 & 0.106 & 0.297 & 0.249 & 0.283 & 0.199 & 0.283 \\
KAIST-AI              & 0.269 & \textbf{0.200} & 0.293 & 0.233 & 0.280 & 0.383 & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{0.361} & 0.237 & 0.362 & 0.104 & 0.320 & 0.271 & 0.335 & 0.133 & 0.270 \\ \hline\hline
\end{tabular}%
}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[!ht]
\centering
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\caption{\textit{W4C'22 Stage2 Heldout leaderboard} experiment results. Note that bold indicates the highest
performance.}
\label{tab:tab3}
\resizebox{0.9\columnwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{c|cccccccccccccc|c}
\hline \hline
          & \multicolumn{14}{c|}{W4C 22 Heldout Leaderboard}                                                                                &       \\ \cline{2-15}
Method    & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{2019}                                                  & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{2020}                             & mIoU  \\ \cline{2-15}
          & R15   & R34   & R76   & R04   & R05   & R06   & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{R07}   & R15   & R34   & R76   & R04   & R05   & R06   & R07   &       \\ \hline
FIT-CTU   & \textbf{0.382} & 0.290 & \textbf{0.209} & 0.310 & \textbf{0.365} & 0.419 & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.244} & 0.268 & \textbf{0.316} & 0.420 & \textbf{0.360} & \textbf{0.358} & 0.436 & 0.043 & \textbf{0.316} \\
meteoai   & 0.334 & 0.295 & 0.198 & 0.313 & 0.318 & 0.410 & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{0.287}} & 0.259 & 0.260 & \textbf{0.448} & 0.348 & 0.343 & 0.439 & \textbf{0.047} & 0.307 \\
SIANet    & 0.343 & \textbf{0.300} & 0.206 & \textbf{0.320} & 0.350 & \textbf{0.434} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.216} & 0.249 & 0.280 & 0.417 & 0.350 & 0.328 & 0.446 & 0.020 & 0.304 \\
team-name & 0.321 & 0.278 & 0.195 & 0.305 & 0.341 & 0.395 & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.236} & \textbf{0.270} & 0.306 & 0.402 & 0.330 & 0.339 & \textbf{0.470} & 0.001 & 0.299 \\ \hline \hline
\end{tabular}%
}
\end{table}
\subsection{Stage2 Results}
\paragraph{Test Leaderboard Results}  ~\tableref{tab:tab2} is the result of evaluating SIANet on the stage2 test set.
SIANet achieved stage-of-the-art performance in regions R34, R76, R05, R06, and R07 in 2019 and regions R34, R04, R05, R06, and R07 in 2020.
In this experiment, SIANet did not use the longitude, latitude, and topological height information provided by the W4C'22 stage2 dataset, but only satellite images.
These experimental results indicate that SIANet can achieve high performance using only satellite images and a simple model structure.
\paragraph{Heldout Leaderboard Results}  ~\tableref{tab:tab3} is the result of evaluating SIANet on the stage2 heldout set.
SIANet achieved third place performance with 0.304 mIoU performance.
This result is 0.012 lower than the 0.316 scores of the first place.
In addition, SIANet scored $0.302 \sim 0.309$ in the test set, validation set, and held-out set.
These experimental results indicate that SIANet is not a model whose performance varies greatly depending on the test set, but a solid baseline with consistent performance in various test sets.
\paragraph{Discussion} Longitude, latitude, and topological height are important properties that can reflect regional features in the model.
Many deep learning-based weather forecasting works have improved performance by utilizing static information.
In this paper, we did not experiment using static data in SIANet for simplicity, but we believe that SIANet can easily add static data because it is easy to modify and has a simple structure, and can improve performance.
\subsection{Ablation Study}
\begin{table}[!ht]
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\centering
\caption{Efficiency comparison experiment between SIANet and UNet3D according to init filter size}
\label{tab:efficay}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\hline
\hline
\textbf{Models}  & \textbf{Init Filter Size} & \textbf{FLOPs} $\downarrow$  & \textbf{Parameters} $\downarrow$ & \textbf{mIoU} $\uparrow$ \\ \hline
U-Net3D & 32               & \textbf{39.52}  & 5.7M       & 0.332 \\
SIANet  & 32               & 54.30  & \textbf{4.6M}       & \textbf{0.447} \\ \hline
U-Net3D & 64               & 152.22 & 22.6M      & 0.338 \\
SIANet  & 64               & \textbf{137.76} & \textbf{17.9M}      & \textbf{0.465} \\ \hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\paragraph{Efficiency Experiment} ~\tableref{tab:efficay} is an experiment table comparing the efficiency of UNet3D and SIANet according to the init filter size.
As shown in the table, SIANet not only has higher performance, but also has fewer parameters and FLOPs than UNet3D.
These experimental results are because SIANet applied decomposition method in all parts of spatial, temporal, and channels (split).
\paragraph{Efficiency Discussion} Since satellite data is accumulated on a daily basis, the quantity is very large.
Therefore, a very large-scale GPU environment is essential to use all weather data for training.
Recently proposed transformer-based weather prediction models show promising performance, but FLOPs are very large. (Transformer-based methods have large FLOPs even when parameters are small.)
However, methods requiring large FLOPs require more GPU environments to train large amounts of weather data.
The matrix decomposition technology is a method that can achieve high performance while reducing the amount of computation.
Also, SIANet experimentally showed that the matrix decomposition technique is effective for weather data.
Therefore, we hope that the matrix decomposition technique will be widely used in the field of weather, which requires training on large data.
\paragraph{Component Ablation Study} ~\tableref{tab:able} is the result of the ablation study for each component of SIANet.
The thresholds in the table are experimental results adjusted from 0.5 to 0.6, and different thresholds for each evaluation area were not used.
Experimentally, using a different threshold for each region improved performance slightly, but it was not used because of the possibility of overfitting to the testset.
In addition, CenterCrop, STM, and LCAM all showed performance improvements, and these experimental results indicate that each component has a complementary relationship with each other. Strategies are the training strategies of domain generalization~\cite{seo2022domain}.
\begin{figure}[t!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{images/vis_1.pdf}
    \caption{Predictions on the validation set using SIANet. The green area of ground trues has a rain threshold of 0, and the yellow area has a rain threshold of 0.2. SIANet's prediction result probability value for each pixel is closer to 1 as it is closer to yellow.}
    \label{fig:vis1}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[!ht]
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\centering
\caption{Results of ablation study of each component of SIANet. Note that init filter size is 64}
\label{tab:able}
\resizebox{0.9\columnwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{c|ccccc|c|l}
\hline
\hline
\textbf{Models}  & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{\textbf{Componets}}                                                                                & \textbf{mIoU}                       & \textbf{Gain} \\ \cline{2-6}
        & \textbf{Threshold}            & \textbf{CenterCrop}           & \textbf{STM}                  & \textbf{LCAM}                 & \textbf{Strategies}            &                            &      \\ \hline
SIANet (baseline) &          -            &     -                 & -                     & -                     & -                      & 0.338                      &    +0  \\
SIANet  &           \checkmark           &           -           &        -              &        -              &    -                   & 0.359                      &     +2.1 \\
SIANet  &            \checkmark          &       \checkmark               &          -            &     -                 &     -                  & 0.381                      & +4.3     \\
SIANet  &                \checkmark      &       \checkmark               &    \checkmark                  &     -                 &                 -      & 0.418                      &    +8.0  \\
SIANet  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{-} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.443} & +10.5     \\
SIANet  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\checkmark} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{0.465}} & +\textbf{12.7}     \\ \hline \hline
\end{tabular}}
\end{table}
\subsection{Qualitative results}

\paragraph{Results} ~\figureref{fig:vis1} and ~\figureref{fig:vis2} are the prediction results of SIANet. $T_{1}$ represents +1 hour, $T_{3}$ represents +3, $T_{5}$ represents +5, and $T_{8}$ represents +8 hours. As shown in ~\figref{fig:vis1}, it can be seen that SIANet makes very different predictions for each timestamp. These experimental results indicate that SIANet's $T_{1}$ to $T_{8}$ prediction values make different predictions for each timestamp, rather than predicting one average value.

~\figureref{fig:vis2} is an example of SIANet's ability to capture the direction of cloud movement.
As shown in the figure, it was confirmed that the prediction of SIANet changes depending on the moving direction of rain clouds from left to right by time period.
These experimental results indicate that SIANet made predictions by capturing the moving direction of clouds.
\paragraph{Discussion} According to the qualitative experimental results, SIANet predicts quite well when the rain rate threshold is zero.
However, when the rain rate was 0.2, there was a problem of predicting that too many areas would rain.
These experimental results are because SIANet was trained in the same rain class when the rain rate was over 0.2 without considering the rain rate.
In other words, since it has not been trained by classifying rain rates (e.g. light rain, medium rain, strong rain), SIANet has no ability to classify them.
In our future work, we plan to improve the performance by adding rain rate estimation loss to SIANet, allowing SIANet to discriminate between light, medium and strong rain.
\begin{figure}[t!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{images/vis_2.pdf}
    \caption{An example of SIANet's ability to capture the moving direction of clouds.}
    \label{fig:vis2}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In this paper, we proposed SIANet, a simple but efficient architecture.
We point out that existing weather forecasting models have increasingly complicated training processes, such as multi-model ensemble, fine-tuning, and auxiliary inputs.
We proposed a simple but efficient structure requiring fewer parameters, Flops, and input data, SIANet.
In addition, we propose a large spatial context aggregation module as a basic block of SIANet, composed of decomposition technology, a recent learning approach, and pure 3D-CNN.
Finally, we proposed a novel refinement module inspired by the \textit{Markov chain}.
We show that SIANet can achieve state-of-the-art on various benchmark test sets using only satellite images and without multi-model ensemble and fine-tuning.
We believe that SIANet will become a solid baseline that solves the problem that existing deep learning-based weather forecasting models are not utilized due to their complexity.

{\small
\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Hey people you can listen to the whole album by clicking on my name .
ENJOY THIS ALBUM COZ ITS AMAZING!
Also i promote for sunset brothers so if you guyz ever want tix for cheaper prices add me on facebook (mustafa tufekci) or (sydneynrgclubs).


CHA publishes many different guidebooks and legal manuals to help hospitals understand and comply with health care law. Manuals are updated as needed to keep them legally compliant, as often as annually.
CHA member hospitals, CHA associate members and government agencies are eligible to purchase manuals at the member rate. The non-member rate is limited to non-hospital health care providers, clinics, post-acute facilities, and consultants, insurance companies, law firms and other entities that serve hospitals. Publications are a membership benefit and are not available to non-member California hospitals.
CHA's EMTALA Manual explains the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) to minimize risk and help hospitals avoid lawsuits. The manual is full of sample scenarios and answers to hundreds of real-world questions, and provides practical guidance to hospitals, physicians, and nurses to simplify compliance with patient anti-dumping laws.
Ships with a DVD of CHA's Healthcare Workplace Violence Prevention webinar, recorded live on Jan. 10, 2017 featuring Juliann Sum, chief, Cal/OSHA.
The surveyors have arrived, unannounced, at your hospital. What do you do first? What will the surveyors do?
Safe patient handling has been a focus of the health care community for nearly a decade. On June 19, 2014, the Cal/OSHA Standards Board adopted the much-anticipated Safe Patient Handling regulation. The regulation becomes effective on Oct. 1, 2014.
This guidebook explains the requirements of the Safe Patient Handling regulation, the elements of a back and musculoskeletal injury prevention plan, how to implement a plan in your facility, and what to expect regarding enforcement. The guidebook also provides resources helpful to compliance.
Ambulance patient offload delays can compromise patient safety, slow throughput and keep EMS providers from helping others in need. In 2012, CHA, California EMSA and other key stakeholders joined together to analyze the problem and develop resources to reduce patient offload delays. The result of this collaboration is this toolkit, which features process improvement models and strategies to mitigate offload delays.
Printed and bound copies are available for purchase. A free PDF copy is available to download.
An updated edition is currently in production. Please check back in early 2019 for more information and for availability.
Increasing health coverage for the uninsured is one of the goals of the Affordable Care Act — a goal that is shared by California hospitals and the Covered California marketplace. With an estimated 7.1 million uninsured California residents under age 65, this presents both a challenge and an opportunity.
Sign up to receive e-mail updates on CHA publications.
Ask questions or provide feedback to the Publications Department.


Meet the German representatives Let's meet the Italian representative Who are the Belgian contestants? Meeting with the Swedish representatives Upcoming selections The ECG is back on track, starting with Happy New Year! The first Swedish selections! Who are the Spanish finalists? Here come the Italian contestants! Who will represent Poland? Let's meet the British contestants! Germany has found its contestants! A look back over the finals! A new country for Season 9! Watch the group show of the ECG finals Watch the solo show of the ECG finals Season 9: first selections! Discover the winners of ECG season 8!
Here come the Italian contestants!
Last weekend, the convention Lucca Comics & Games hosted the Italian selections of the ECG season 9 and we won't keep you waiting, so here come the finalists!
In the solo category, Diecpz as Alphonse from Fullmetal Alchemist.
In the group category, Manu Mindfreak, Misa, and Sho in costumes from The Nightmare Before Christmas.
Let's cheer the finalists who we'll meet again in July 2019 at Japan Expo! Let's have a look at all of the representatives selected so far on this page.
We'll also tell you soon about the result of the Spanish selections that took place on the same weekend as the Italian ones at Salon del Manga Barcelona. As for the next selections, they will be set on the weekend of le week-end Nov. 30-Dec. 3 at Dreamhack Winter in Sweden.
Who are the Belgian contestants?
The ECG is back on track, starting with Finland!
Who are the Spanish finalists?
Let's meet the British contestants!
Germany has found its contestants!
A look back over the finals!
A new country for Season 9!
A look back at the ECG Season 8 group winners!
Watch the performance of the ECG Season 8 solo winner!
Discover the winners of ECG season 8!


Sounds like that fan may have a DC motor. If that's the case it may not be relevant to the OP's concern.
Yeah, like the above user that mentioned using a DC fan, I would assume any device with its own inverter will likely be fine with the Nexus inverter.
I just finished a test with my Surface Book 2 I7. I don't care so much about charging as use under load.
From a 4aH battery I get exactly 1.5 hours of use before the light goes red. The power draw is 105 watts from the power adapter, which under load is probably about right. there is inherently a big loss converting to 120V so I'm ok with that. Now I know what I can and cannot do.
This leaves me less impressed in power draw of your Surface Book and Nexus (never thought a laptop drew that much wattage), but, super impressed in the run time you get from an EGO mower with the same battery!
this isn't your average laptop. It can game! It is an I7 with 16gigs RAM 1tb SSD and GTX 1060 graphics along with the 15" screen. If I remove the screen and use it in clipboard mode and not under load from a game or CADD, the power draw is very light.
My Christmas list is too expensive to even consider :(. I settle for a stocking filled with milk duds.
I went ahead and got out a 120V AC fan.
Started it up with a fully charged 2.5 ah battery attached to the inverter. Fan ran for 5 minutes and stopped. Battery light was still green and the power button on the inverter was green. So I went ahead and plugged the fan into a wall outlet and it wouldn't start. Ok, it's the fan not the inverter.
This is what the control panel looks like on the fan. I took it apart and found an overheated resistor (R2) and burned circuit board.
Looks like the resistor overheated (Note the middle of the resistor body is a bit dark) and heated up the solder connection until the resistor lead popped free from the solder. I pushed the resistor lead back into the hole and plugged the fan in and started it. Started right up. Note there is a fuse there in the picture. Fuse tested good.
I notice the end of the resistor that came free is the common end. So, the fan is still good and when I have a bit more time I'll resolder the resistor lead in place. Might need to buy a new resistor too.
It's going to be hard to know which things we can run on this inverter.
So far I know I can recharge my laptop's battery through the laptop's power cord (which is its own AC/DC converter) and run a DC fan.
Full size AC fan, maybe not.
Oh, you are asking because of the degrees settings on the control panel? The fan has a thermostat that senses changes in temperature of the room it's in and will start and stop the fan accordingly. Those were not set.
The problem with running a fan (or inductive load) may be that the 120v output is a square wave. I sure hope not though.
The whole problem is running devices like this through a square wave. The change from the top to the bottom is very abrupt. Unlike a sine wave.
The fan I tried had a thermostat as well. When get to the office Monday, I'm going to make sure I didn't fry it when I tried it with the inverter. It made a god aweful buzz when trying to get it to work with the inverter.
SCDC, mine started and ran as normal. I thought, cool. 5 minutes later, done.
I'm happy I can charge my laptop and run that small DC fan. My intent is to mostly use it in our trailer when we have no hookups but need to use my laptop or cool the trailer.
I'm in agreement with those who've said it's likely because of trying to run an inductive load with a square wave. Hoping EGO will look into improving the wave shape.
Without taking apart the monitor & laptop to measure the input voltage while using the inverter, it is hard to know if the electrons are being wiped out. To that point, I used a dedicated power adapter for each device (hence the surge protector for both devices instead of the USB ports), to make sure it can power up the two devices.
Combine, both devices came to 136W which is below the inverter max of 150W. And since most power adapters are more resilient to square wave, I am more comfortable using it. That said; I don't plan to use the inverter to charge my laptop every single time. This was simply a test to see if it would work, should I lose electricity in my house or need power while camping in the great outdoors.
I am well aware that the inverter might not work for some people, due to their concerns of it being a square wave. For me, I plan to put this inverter to use for when "portable" power is needed. After owning multiple EGO tools, I have amassed 7 batteries of different sizes, so I am taking advantage of all the extra power and put it to good use.
The thing is. We don't know the long term ramifications. But this is not a long term power device.
I have found it to work well and as described in the user manual. Other than not using it with variable speed AC equipment, it works as advertised.
I'm in agreement with szwoopp. It's going to be perfect for what I want it for which is to charge a laptop battery or even to run a DC fan in our trailer.
It is being marketed as "Introducing the Nexus Escape. Power when you want it, power when you need it. Built tough with a 120-Volt AC power outlet to power anything from a tablet while out and about, your lamps in the house, even your TV in a power outage."
In reality it seems to not be capable of doing all of that and in fact may damage such devices due to being a square wave inverter which is vastly inferior to the sine wave inverter. For being EGO and $100 it should be much better. I want to love this so bad but it is just not good enough.
Yes, it does all of those things. I powered a 24" computer monitor for 6 hours. I think that is equivalent to a TV. I powered an LED spot light. I used it with an ipad.
Worked on my iPad and LED light but not on iPad keyboard or my grill controller - 2 for 4.
It's $100 and works on some stuff and not on some stuff. You won't know until you try it and maybe read the instruction manual? Even if it does work it is square wave which could damage many things. Is anyone claiming that square wave is preferable? I'd have been happy to pay $5 more for sine wave. It's just a poorly designed product. Again, I want to love it but let's be honest with ourselves here.
Michael, did you try plugging in two USB devices at once to increase the power draw? Example, charging your phone while using your keyboard? The Nexus will shut down unless you maintain a 500mW power draw on USB, or a 5W power draw on the 120V circuit.
It charged my 13" MacBook Pro from 20% to 100% on three different times. I even had it run my 22" TV monitor and charged my laptop "simultaneously" without loss of power for 3 hours. I used 5.0 Ah battery and had a movie running on the TV monitor.
That could be a solution but why on earth would you need to waste precious battery energy to power an additional device just so this thing will work? I know it is a work around but it just shows the lack of finesse with this product.
Tom, agreed. I'm just pointing out that those USB devices may work just fine as long as the minimum power draw is met, in case it's necessary to use them on the Nexus.
Blue - yes does work with added load. Looking for something like an LED USB light that could be useful at the grill yet not waste too much power.
Just now thinking, EGO should have incorporated an LED light in the Nexus. Many other battery packs have them.
I would think keeping it out of the rain would suffice.
A grilling light - brilliant idea! I have been bbqing in the dark for far too long. I have several lights that run off tool batteries, but I really need something attached to or mounted above my bbq. The Nexus would allow a 120V light without having to run an extension cord over to a wall outlet. Gotta get on this before next spring.
You got to question the tailgate and camping angle when they say not to use it outdoors. The more you think about this product the more you realize how much of a miss it is.
"but why on earth would you need to waste precious battery energy to power an additional device just so this thing will work? I know it is a work around but it just shows the lack of finesse with this product."
The nexus is designed to deliver up to 150 watts. The100mh a usb keyboard needs to charge (0.1A*5v = 1/2 watt) is a very small amount when compared to the total capability of the device.
The DC2DC converter & Inverter have some losses just sitting there ready to run. If you are charging a rinky-dink USB device that only draws 100 ma, you are probably losing 200-500 ma just to losses in the inverter. To save power, it makes sense to shut down the power electronics if there isn't a large draw on them.
The better "use case" is to charge a USB powerbank or two at 2 amps until it is fully charged, and then use that powerbank to charge up small devices.
When our power goes out, I plan on using the Nexus to power our wifi router and cable modem, lamps and fans, while also topping up our USB powerbanks which are used for charging cell phones.
I really bought this to use on my grill controller and if I found other uses it would be a bonus. I tried a few more experiments tonight and I think it's going back. I used my Kill-A-Watt meter to try to determine power draw but the load is to low to register. I did see the frequency jumping from 20Hz to 50Hz with the 115VAC to 12VDC wall wart plugged in. I didn't like that the Kill-A-Watt meter was very hot to the touch. I took it off. I tried a few things to see if the grill controller would stay on but twice I noticed the controller abruptly shut down and then the Nexus shut down. I'm now afraid this inverter may damage my expensive controller. Maybe I'll be back for Nexus II.
It sounds like the wall-wart is not drawing the minimum 5 watts needed to keep the Nexus activated. If you plug in a powerstrip and ran something AC such as a light bulb in addition to the wall wart that would probably keep the inverter running (as long as the bulb was rated at more than 5 watts).
summetj - I tried two power supplies. One was about a 2.5" cube and the other 1"x1.5"x2". Both showed frequency jumping between 20-50HZ.
My wife says I'm stubborn but I think I'm persistent. For my grill controller figured I'd give Nexus one more chance. I bought a 5W dimmable USB /LED light with an eight foot cord.
I do have a 5.0 & 7.5AHr batteries but tried the above test with 2.5AHr. I only got 6 hours run time last night with controller hooked up and light at about 1/2 power). Weird thing is that I tested the battery and it showed 56% charged.
So before work I tried a freshly charged 2.5AHr with controller and light at full 5W power and it ran for 11 hours. Battery showed no capacity left. If I calculate the device draw it was around 8.6W (need help determining controller load - I estimated it based on some info they have online). This means I should have gotten 16 hours. Does this mean the efficiency is around 70%?
Looks like I will need my 5.0AHr battery for overnight cooks.
But having a total system efficiency of 70% is certainly possible. I haven't actually done a full runtime test to determine the overall efficiency, I was just guessing at around 80%.
And of course, your 2.5 AH battery may have degraded to less than 100% of rated capacity over time.
If I were to do the test, I'd totally discharge the battery, use the killawatt meter to figure out how much power the charger took to charge it up, and then use the killawatt meter to see how much power it puts out via the inverter until it dies again. This would give you the total efficiency of the charge/discharge system, and more importantly, a "usable watt hour" measure for the battery/inverter.
Problem with my Kill-A-Watt meter is like it's name it measures in kW not W. I'd have to leave it on for several hours and I'm afraid to do so because it gets very hot when I plug it into the Nexus.
Remember, Ego calculates their battery capacity using 4V per cell (56V pack) instead of 3.6V per cell (50.4V pack), so the starting energy is perhaps less than you thought (126Wh instead of 140Wh). That might have something to do with your lower than anticipated 70% efficiency calculation.
Lots of power tool companies do this. DeWalt started it with their 20V "Max" 18V tool batteries. All the Li-Ion 12V tools are really 10.8V, as they are sold in Europe and elsewhere in the world.