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Displaying items by tag: 2018
US operator suffers drop in its revenue as it prepares for 5G
Written on Tuesday, 05 February 2019 08:13
US telecommunications operator Sprint has posted a disappointing performance in its financial returns for Q4 in 2018.
Despite predictions for a 2020 launch, South Korea is striving to deliver 5G for the 2018 Winter Olympics. Can it be done?
Written on Tuesday, 23 August 2016 10:20
When Rio de Janeiro was announced as the venue for the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, the world held its breath. Doubt gnawed at athletes who grew wary about the city's cleanliness and safety, while Brazil's political instability was also called into question. In the end, Rio pulled through and put on a spectacular show. But premium connectivity proved to be an issue with so many people uploading and downloading content on the go. With the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics set for 2018, 5G has been highlighted as the ultimate solution to deliver premium connectivity to attendees. South Korea is racing to deliver 5G on time, despite predictions for a 2020 launch.
We're living in the dawn of the online era. Sharing content online has become an essential tool at events like the Olympics for media and enthusiasts to share sporting victories and highlight intriguing controversies. Even though Brazil made its best effort to connect people by bringing in 180 mobile stations and 40 dedicated coverage stations in anticipation of the high communication volume, weak infrastructure was exposed as it attempted to deal with an estimated 27 million voice calls and three million SMS texts.
As the fifth-largest country in the world, covering 3.3 million square miles, Brazil faced unique challenges creating seamless connectivity for the 2016 Olympics. For instance, there are areas of rural countryside that require some degree of coverage but don't have the same demands as the cities. What's more, Brazil's urban centers have huge populations making it all the more difficult to serve (Sao Paulo hosts more than 11 million people, while Rio hosts more than 6 million).
These obstacles have made Brazilian telecommunications services infamously unreliable and expensive. According to a report by Recode, SMS texts in Brazil cost 55 times more than in the U.S. As a result, Brazil has become famous for its widespread use of the free messaging service WhatsApp, with 96 percent of the population said to be using it as their primary channel of communication. At the Rio Olympics, every Snapchat sent, every Tweet and every Facebook post uploaded, put a strain on Rio's mobile infrastructure.
To offer an immersive and connected experience for those who attend the Olympics, mobile operators are planning to introduce 5G at the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea, to provide innovative new services to spectators, viewers and organizers. If implemented by then, 5G could transform the experience of watching live sporting events, removing the obstacle Rio faced with so many people uploading and downloading at the same time, since 5G is expected to serve data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users, with added spectral efficiency compared to 4G, and reduced latency.
But will 5G be ready for deployment as early as February 2018? Korea Telecom certainly believes so. The telco has been selected as the official telecommunications service provider for the PyeongChang Winter Olympics, which the company has dubbed the "5G Olympics". KT plans to show the world how far it has gone in deployment and testing of 5G technologies. The company is working closely with American telecom operator Verizon as part of its effort to lead the development of a 5G standard, and will also be conducting 5G trials with a view to launching a live service ready for the 2018 Winter Olympics.
KT's Jae Yoon Park spoke at the LTE World Summit in Amsterdam this year, where he presented the operator's 5G vision and enabling strategy to achieve next-generation cellular connectivity. He suggested that achieving 5G connectivity will be as big an achievement as it was putting a man on the moon. After giving a technological and strategic overview of KT's 5G roadmap, Park said a revolution is required in order to realize the full potential of 5G.
"5G evolution alone based on LTE is not going to realize its own potential, a revolution based on new industry architecture, a new radio access technology is required," said Park. "KT will continually evolve its network and develop key technologies, like massive MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output) with beamforming, as well as virtualization such as vRAN, SDN and NFV."
Park discussed the spectrum requirements of 5G, and stressed the significance of MIMO and beamforming to help cope. "Coverage should be one of the main concerns, as well as throughput, latency and capacity," he said. "It is speculated that 5G will utilize ultra-high frequencies beyond 6GHz. Massive MIMO and beamforming will be mandatory."
KT is optimistic about launching 5G in time for the 2018 Winter Olympics – a target that will be a world-first. "We're trialing a 5G network across Seoul, PyeongChang, Jeongseon, Bogwang, and Incheon International airport, using our revolution versus evolution model," Park said. "We believe PyeongChang 2018 will be the first 5G Olympic Games ever."
According to a recent post on the Netmanias Tech Blog, "KT is aiming to add 35,000 wired communication lines along the communication duct lines (1,391 km long) being placed across the town of the event. It also plans to install over 5,000 Wi-Fi APs, support 4G/5G/WiFi access, and deploy a mobile communication network capable of supporting up to active 250,000 devices concurrently.
"The company is also building a cloud-based data center to ensure more efficient and reliable mobile services through more stabilized networks even during traffic spikes with hundreds of thousands of concurrent users. The data center is scheduled to be completed in the first half of the year, and will become fully stabilized after trial operation in the second half of the year."
5G standardization
There is reason to doubt that 5G could be ready for deployment by 2018 because of its current lack of standardization. The 3GPP standards body is working on standardizing 5G as soon as possible, but the group isn't planning to produce the first incarnation of Release 15 (the first 5G specifications) until June 2018. That means if 5G is introduced at the 2018 Winter Olympics, it will have to be pre-standardization. Even so, South Korea remains confident that it will be able to deliver 5G at its games, and beat Japan to the race.
The United Nations International Telecommunications Union has set a goal for 5G standardization by 2020, far from what South Korea expects, meaning that the technology might not even be fully defined until then. But in saying that, there are some technologies that are widely expected to be a part of 5G, such as the use of millimeter save spectrum, which according to the Korea Times, is an area of expertise of great interest to Verizon Wireless.
In February this year, KT joined with Verizon, as well as its South Korean counterpart SK Telecom, and Japan's NTT DoCoMo, to set testing standards for 5G. The announcement was made at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. The purpose of the alliance was to help network equipment manufacturers design 5G equipment more efficiently, and allow the wireless industry to test key technical components.
Verizon and SK Telecom have since announced further ties to strengthen their 5G network footprint. The telcos recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to merge their 5G technical specifications on a global basis. The partnership is said to produce a number of joint studies and research that will further be utilized for the development of 5G technical specification and innovative use cases.
Like KT, SK Telecom is eager for a pre-commercial 5G launch in 2017. The company plans to bring together an "end-to-end 5G pilot system in an outdoor environment" using the "key enabling technologies" it has identified for 5G which includes: millimeter wave (mmWave), high-frequency radio connectivity for devices and network, LTE, 5G and WiGig (60GHz) internetworking, virtualized RAN, network slicing and a distributed core network, all by the end of 2016.
SK Telecom also has ambitions for a large scale pre-commercial 5G deployment for more detailed assessment of the overall 5G system by 2017. In March, the company completed a 5G 28GHz radio test outdoors.
American operator AT&T has also made waves in the run-up to 5G, working with several other teclos to enable 5G deployment once 3GPP completes the first release of the official specifications, which will form the basis of the global standards for 5G. AT&T has reportedly entered preliminary discussions with Deutsche Telekom, Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, LG, Nokia, Qualcomm, Samsung, SK Telecom, Telstra, Vodafone and others to find and resolve key standards issues to boost commercialization of 5G.
"We're joining other tech leaders to find and resolve key standards issues early and bring 5G to market sooner," said Tom Keathley, senior vice president, wireless network architecture and design, AT&T. "Interim and fragmented pre-standard specifications can distract from the ultimate goal. Linking trials to the standards process is the fastest path to large-scale global 5G deployment."
AT&T has been trialing 5G this year, including lab tests in the second quarter and outdoor tests in Middletown, New Jersey and Austin, Texas over the summer. 5G speeds between 10 to 100 times faster than today's average 4G LTE connections were anticipated by the AT&T, and it achieved this in June when its 5G data speeds reached up to 10 Gbps in the lab.
South Korea's great ambition
South Korea is working aggressively to launch 5G by 2018 in order to set the record as the first country to launch the technology at an Olympic event. To get there, GSMA Intelligence indicates that the country's R&D efforts are partially integrated with similar efforts taking place around the world. For example, some of the 5G research that is going on in South Korea is being partly financed by the European Union, through collaboration with the Korean government on 5G technologies.
A report by Mobile World Live says the Finnish University of Oulu's research unit - The Centre for Wireless Communications – has been deployed to develop the necessary 5G radio solutions and integrating them into a functioning mobile network, to be ready for the Winter Olympics in PyeongChang. Similar arrangements are said to exist with operators, vendors and research institutes in Germany, France, Belgium and Korea. Swedish vendor Ericsson is specifically supporting KT's efforts to develop 5G.
Tying into its smart-connected vision, in 2014, South Korea announced plans adopted by the government to build a broadband network dedicated to public safety using LTE technology to be deployed nationwide by 2017 just in time for the Winter Olympics.
In July, SK Telecom said it had established a demonstration network for its public safety long-term evolution (SP-LTE) service in Gangwon Province. The Korean carrier said it had completed its own demonstration PS-LTE network in the same region for the government's trial project to prepare to launch a nationwide pubic security network service before the 2017 PyeongChang Winter Olympics.
In the case of an emergency, the PS-LTE network will be able to seamlessly transfer multimedia information, such as high-resolution photos and videos, between related government departments and agencies, including fire departments, police and rescue teams, through high-speed LTE networks to support efficient relief activities, reports Korea Times. SK Telecom says it has passed all functional qualification tests and approval processes administered by the Ministry of Public Safety and Security.
SK Telecom has established new mobile base stations and an emergency recovery system to provide temporary networks incase network facilities are damaged by natural disasters. The telco said these technologies have been certified by the Telecommunications Technology Association for compatibility and security.
South Korea also launched its inaugural commercial, low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) network in July that will allow smart devices to communicate. The only other country to launch a nationwide IoT network is the Netherlands. SK Telecom was behind the initiative, which uses technology that will allow it to reach 99 percent of South Korea's population.
Given the collected efforts of multiple telcos around the world to develop 5G, as well as a nationwide commercial IoT network, and forward-thinking network safety technology being put in place, South Korea could see its dream of 5G deployment come true at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Domestic competition between the likes of SK Telecom and KT, as well as considerable international interest could see 5G pushed into early deployment just in time.
Published in Featured
Ericsson Mobility Report predicts IoT will overtake mobile phones in 2018
Written on Wednesday, 01 June 2016 11:43
The latest edition of the Ericsson Mobility Report, published on June 1, reveals that the Internet of Things (IoT) is set to overtake mobile phones as the largest category of connected device by 2018.
Between 2015 and 2021, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to grow 23 percent annually, of which cellular IoT is forecast to have the highest growth rate. Of the 28 billion total devices that will be connected by 2021, close to 16 billion will be IoT devices.
Western Europe will lead the way in adding IoT connections – the number of IoT devices in this market is projected to grow 400 percent by 2021. This will principally be driven by regulatory requirements, for example for intelligent utility meters, and a growing demand for connected cars including the EU e-call directive to be implemented in 2018.
Rima Qureshi, senior vice president & chief strategy officer, Ericsson, says: "IoT is now accelerating as device costs fall and innovative applications emerge. From 2020, commercial deployment of 5G networks will provide additional capabilities that are critical for IoT, such as network slicing and the capacity to connect exponentially more devices than is possible today."
Smartphone subscriptions continue to increase and are forecast to surpass those for basic phones in Q3 this year. By 2021, smartphone subscriptions will almost double from 3.4 billion to 6.3 billion. Also revealed in the report, there are now 5 billion mobile subscribers – unique users – in the world today, which is testament to the phenomenal growth of mobile technology in a relatively short period of time.
Detailed in the report is a dramatic shift in teen viewing habits: use of cellular data for smartphone video grew 127 percent in just 15 months (2014-15). Over a period of four years (2011-15) there has been a 50 percent drop in the time teens spend watching TV/video on a TV screen, and in contrast an 85 percent increase in those viewing TV/video on a smartphone. This, and the fact that the upcoming generation of mobile users are the heaviest consumers of data for smartphone video streaming (Wi-Fi and cellular combined), makes them the most important group for cellular operators to monitor.
In 2016, a long anticipated milestone is being passed with commercial LTE networks supporting downlink peak data speeds of 1 Gbps. Devices that support 1 Gbps are expected in the second half of 2016, initially in markets such as Japan, US, South Korea and China, but rapidly spreading to other regions. Mobile users will enjoy extremely fast time to content thanks to this enhanced technology, which will enable up to two thirds faster download speeds compared with the fastest technology available today.
Further highlights from the Ericsson Mobility Report include:
A global growth story: mobile broadband subscriptions will grow fourfold in the Middle East and Africa between 2015 and 2021; mobile data traffic in India will grow fifteen times by 2021; and despite being the most mature market, US mobile traffic will grow 50 percent in 2016 alone.
Data traffic continues unabated growth: global mobile data traffic grew 60 percent between Q1 2015 and Q1 2016, due to rising numbers of smartphone subscriptions and increasing data consumption per subscriber. By the end of 2021, around 90 percent of mobile data traffic will be from smartphones.
LTE subscriptions grew at a high rate during Q1 2016: there were 150 million new subscriptions during the quarter – driven by demand for improved user experience and faster networks – reaching a total of 1.2 billion worldwide. LTE peak data speeds of 1 Gbps are anticipated to be commercially available in 2016.
Additional spectrum harmonization needed between countries planning early 5G deployment: 5G is expected to start more quickly than anticipated, and spectrum harmonization is needed between countries planning early roll-outs. This is in addition to the current process for WRC-19, which focuses on spectrum for commercial 5G deployments beyond 2020.
The Ericsson Mobility Report is one of the leading analyses of mobile data traffic available, providing in-depth measurements from live networks spread around the globe. The report uses these measurements and analysis, together with internal forecasts and other relevant studies, to provide insights into current traffic and market trends in the Networked Society.
The Traffic Exploration Tool, which accompanies the report, can be used to create customized graphs and tables. The information can be filtered by region, subscription, technology, traffic and device type. The report defines a connected device as a physical object that has an IP stack enabling two-way communication over a network interface.
Published in Telecom Vendors
Telefónica's USA-Brazil submarine cable planned for 2018
Telefónica will deploy BRUSA, a new submarine cable nearly 11,000 km in length linking Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza (Brazil) with San Juan (Puerto Rico) and Virginia Beach (USA). The cable is expected to begin operations in early 2018 reinforcing Telefónica's infrastructure leadership in the Americas.
BRUSA will increase route diversity on U.S.-South America routes with an entirely new landing point on the U.S. mainland. At present, no other cables land at Virginia Beach. Other existing and planned U.S.-Brazil cable systems either land or plan to land in Florida or the New York-New Jersey area. BRUSA will therefore offer a new diverse path on the U.S.-Brazil route. This diverse path helps to minimize the risk that a single event, such as a hurricane or anchor or fishing-net entanglement, will disrupt all U.S.-Brazil communications.
BRUSA will offer significant new capacity on a route where capacity demand is increasing substantially each year and where existing systems are nearing the ends of their useful lives. SAm-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and GlobeNeteach entered into commercial service in 2001, while Americas-II entered into commercial service in 2000.
This new system will consist of eight fibre pairs. BRUSA will provide critical new and replacement capacity on the U.S.-Brazil route. It will offer capacity in large increments until the year 2042, far beyond the useful life of most existing systems serving the U.S.-Brazil route.
BRUSA will have a total length of 11,200 kilometres, with a trunk between Virginia Beach, and Rio de Janeiro. It will have two spurs connecting to the trunk via branching units; one spur will connect to San Juan, while the other will connect to Fortaleza. BRUSA will consist of eight optical fibre pairs, with an initial capacity of 1 Tbps and a total design capacity of 108 Tbps. Four "express route" fibre pairs will connect Virginia Beach directly with Rio de Janeiro. Two fibre pairs will connect Virginia Beach, San Juan and Rio de Janeiro, and two fibre pairs will connect Virginia Beach, Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro.
The BRUSA cable system will enhance competition by competing vigorously with other submarine cable systems on all of the international routes it will serve. Specifically, the BRUSA cable system will compete directly with the existing Americas-II, AMX-1, GlobeNet, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus systems, which—on the U.S. end—land either in Florida, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands. It will also compete directly with the planned Seabras-1 and Monet systems, which will land in New Jersey and Florida, respectively.
This new infrastructure will improve communication reliability and deliver enhanced resilience by increasing the number of USA landing points, overall network performance and end-to-end security. BRUSA will also provide one of the lowest latency communication links between the two largest economies in the region, Brazil and USA, and will offer a greater flexibility and scalability than previously deployed systems.
Telefónica and Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks (ASN) have signed a turnkey agreement to deploy a nearly 11,000 km submarine cable system linking Brazil to the United States. Named BRUSA, the system will increase end-to-end connectivity and the availability of ultra high-speed broadband services in the region. BRUSA will support ultrafast transmission allowing Telefónica to strengthen its offer in the wholesale market and addressing the exponential growth of data transmission generated by its business-to-business customers, telecom operators, webscale operators and end-users. Linking Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza (Brazil) with San Juan (Puerto Rico) and Virginia Beach (USA), the system will also deliver enhanced resiliency over the Brazil-to-US route.
Philippe Piron, President of Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks, said: "BRUSA comes at a moment of continued interest in the Brazil-US route to reliably carry increasing volumes of data traffic as global demand for ultra-broadband access rises. We are pleased to support Telefónica in seizing the growth opportunities of the global wholesale market and meeting its customers' demands by making available our latest technology advancements in subsea wet design as an integral part of BRUSA."
BRUSA will deploy Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks' technology, which provides full scalability that covers large system deployments and web-scale connectivity. Thanks to stepless optical transmission tuning capabilities offered by ASN's technology, operators can extract maximum capacity from the wet plant and dry plant and create economies of scale by offering fast and dynamic provisioning.
Other Americas Infrastructure
Telefónica has recently strengthened its infrastructure in the Americas with the deployment of the Pacific Caribbean Cable System (PCCS), a consortium submarine cable with a transmission capacity of up to 80 Tbps, which links Jacksonville (Florida, USA) with the British Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Curacao, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. In addition, Telefónica also manages the Unisur cable connecting Uruguay and Argentina and the SAM-1, a submarine cable system deployed in 2000, which forms a 25,000 km ring linking the USA, the Caribbean and Central and South America.
This new submarine cable reinforces Telefónica's ambition to provide a more cost effective and reliable service to Telefónica companies as well as other telecom operators and content providers, allowing Telefonica to seize the growth opportunities of the global wholesale market.
José María Álvarez-Pallete, Executive Chairman of Telefónica explained that "the company has deeply changed since its origins, keeping the spirit of permanent change and the ambition to be relevant in our DNA: relevant in the digital ecosystem, in all our markets, and especially relevant to people."
He also reminded us that the aim of the company is to become an Onlife Telco, a telco for and by the people. In this sense, Telefónica has the largest home fibre network available in Spain with more than 14.3 million connected real estate units, and is the European country with the largest number of clients connected with this technology. As for the penetration of LTE, this is 75% in Europe and 43% in Latin America.
He also highlighted that at this time of technological disruption where connectivity is the corner stone, Telefónica is building its future with the support of four major, distinctive technological platforms. Thus, the first of these platforms is made up of the company's physical assets such as stores, data centers, etc., and the second of networks, operations and differential commercial systems "with unrivalled storage and processing capabilities", explained Álvarez-Pallete. The third platform consists in the best products and services platforms, while the fourth platform that Telefónica is building is that of client knowledge, tightly linked to Big Data, and that will help the client to recover sovereignty over his/her digital life.
Telxius
BRUSA will become part of Telxius, the global company recently created by Telefónica to best optimize its infrastructure asset portfolio and that will gradually integrate certain of these assets including part of its tower and submarine fiber optic cable networks.
Telecom Review recently reported on this infrastructure overhaul when Telefónica announced the creation of Telxius, a new global company which brings together certain infrastructure assets of the Group.
Telxius will enable the management of the Telefónica Group's infrastructure on a global scale with a more specialized and focused approach, with the aim of increasing the services provided to other operators, improving the return on capital invested and allowing Telxius to participate more actively in the growth opportunities that exist in the industry, including the possibility of incorporating third party assets.
The infrastructure assets which will initially be brought together in Telxius will include approximately 15,000 Telefónica telecommunication towers in Spain and other countries, as well as the Telefónica Group´s international network of 31,000km of submarine fibre optic cable, including SAM-1, a submarine cable that connects the United States with Central and South America.


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Stocks to Buy / Why iBio Is a Buy for Investors Thinking Past the Vaccine Race
Why iBio Is a Buy for Investors Thinking Past the Vaccine Race
IBIO stock is a pick that investors will be able to rely on, thanks to its FastPharming technology
October 14, 2020	 By Louis Navellier and the InvestorPlace Research Staff	Oct 14, 2020, 12:07 pm EST	 October 14, 2020
Biotech company iBio (NYSEAMERICAN:IBIO) has been a hot name this year as it looks for a novel coronavirus vaccine. The search has put IBIO stock on a roller-coaster ride, with investors chasing the headlines.
And while it's true that iBio has fallen behind others in the development of a vaccine, the company's FastPharming system is opening other, promising doors.
Is it time to give up on iBio? Not in the least.
New Partnership for IBIO Stock
Earlier this month, iBio announced that it entered into a master services agreement with Safi Biosolutions. The agreement calls for the two to evaluate iBio's FastPharming system for potential use in bioprocessing Safi's blood cell therapy products.
It stands to note, too, that Safi is currently working under a five-year contract with the Department of Defense. That deal aims to produce on-demand products that could remedy blood shortages on the battlefield and in remote military locations. Domestically, on-demand blood can also be tailored toward transfusions for specific disorders, such as sickle cell disease.
The transformative FastPharming system, then, makes this a compelling partnership — the venture could mean something great for IBIO stock. FastPharming is a plant-based system that allows the company to scale production with greater speed and consistency than traditional manufacturing.
As part of the partnership, iBio will make 10 proteins to be evaluated in the blood therapy. Safi will have the right to designate some proteins as proprietary, but iBio will also be able to commercialize all other products that come out of the testing. Earlier this month, Safi CEO Doug McConnell said:
"Safi Biosolutions believes iBio's plant-based expression system has the potential to provide both quality improvement and cost reduction for many of the important cytokines and media used in our cell culture and growth process, and we are excited to initiate this strategic partnership."
In addition, iBio is investing $1.5 million into Safi via a convertible promissory note.
FastPharming was (and is) the biggest selling point in the company's search for a vaccine, but now its potential use in blood therapy serves as a reminder to investors. There are plenty of applications for iBio and its system outside of the pandemic.
A Vaccine Is Still in Play
These developments don't mean that iBio is giving up on finding a coronavirus vaccine, however. While the company may be behind others in vaccine development, the race is far from over.
As I wrote last month, iBio has two potential candidates, IBIO-200 and IBIO-201. Back then, the company announced that it had chosen IBIO-201 as its leading vaccine candidate, noting it did a better job producing antibodies in mice.
The company is also working with the Infectious Disease Research Institute, as well as Texas A&M University in the development of its potential vaccine.
While IBIO stock probably won't be the first to bring a novel coronavirus vaccine to market, its work still has value. There are going to be multiple vaccines on the market, and the one that works best for you will depend on your medical history and other preconditions. While the company may not take first place in the race, it still has a chance at the podium.
IBIO started the year at less than 50 cents per share. In July, it spiked higher than $7. But as other novel coronavirus candidates pulled ahead of the company, the stock price slipped. Now you can get IBIO stock for about $2.
Yes, the company has lost its luster as a pure coronavirus play. But a successful investment in iBio does not hinge purely on the pandemic.
An investment in iBio is also an investment in the company's unique FastPharming system, which has plenty of applications, and in turn, potential profit.
IBIO stock continues to have an "A" rating in my Portfolio Grader, maintaining its strong buy recommendation.
On the date of publication, neither Louis Navellier nor the InvestorPlace Research Staff member primarily responsible for this article held (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article.
Louis Navellier had an unconventional start, as a grad student who accidentally built a market-beating stock system — with returns rivaling even Warren Buffett. In his latest feat, Louis discovered the "Master Key" to profiting from the biggest tech revolution of this (or any) generation.
Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2020/10/why-ibio-stock-is-a-buy-for-investors-thinking-past-vaccine-race/.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import * as utils from '../utils'
import router from '../router'
import redraw from '../utils/redraw'
import { challenge as challengeXhr } from '../xhr'
import { validateFen } from '../utils/fen'
import settings from '../settings'
import session from '../session'
import formWidgets from './shared/form'
import popupWidget from './shared/popup'
import i18n from '../i18n'
import storage from '../storage'
import ViewOnlyBoard from './shared/ViewOnlyBoard'
import * as helper from './helper'
import * as h from 'mithril/hyperscript'
import * as stream from 'mithril/stream'

let actionName = ''
let userId: string | undefined
let setupFen: string | undefined
let setupFenError: string | undefined

const isOpen = stream(false)

function open(uid?: string) {
  if (uid) {
    userId = uid
    actionName = i18n('challengeToPlay')
  } else {
    userId = undefined
    actionName = i18n('playWithAFriend')
  }
  router.backbutton.stack.push(close)
  isOpen(true)
  setupFen = undefined
  setupFenError = undefined
}

function close(fromBB?: string) {
  if (fromBB !== 'backbutton' && isOpen()) router.backbutton.stack.pop()
  isOpen(false)
}

function doChallenge() {
  return challengeXhr(userId!, setupFen)
  .then(data => {

    if (session.isConnected() && (
      data.challenge.timeControl.type === 'correspondence' ||
      data.challenge.timeControl.type === 'unlimited')) {

      if (!storage.get('donotshowpersistentchallengeexplanation')) {
        window.navigator.notification.alert(i18n('persistentChallengeCreated'), function() {
          storage.set('donotshowpersistentchallengeexplanation', true)
        })
      }
      router.set('/correspondence?tab=1')
    }
    if (!data.challenge.destUser || data.challenge.timeControl.type === 'clock') {
      router.set(`/challenge/${data.challenge.id}`)
    }
  })
  .catch(utils.handleXhrError)
}

function renderForm() {
  const formName = 'invite'
  const settingsObj = settings.gameSetup.challenge
  const variants = settings.gameSetup.challenge.availableVariants
  const timeModes = settings.gameSetup.challenge.availableTimeModes
  const timeMode = settingsObj.timeMode()
  const hasClock = timeMode === '1'
  const hasDays = timeMode === '2'

  // if mode is rated only allow random color for three-check, atomic, antichess
  // horde variants
  let colors: string[][]
  if (settingsObj.mode() === '1' &&
    ['5', '6', '7', '8', '9'].indexOf(settingsObj.variant()) !== -1) {
    settingsObj.color('random')
    colors = [
      ['randomColor', 'random']
    ]
  } else {
    colors = [
      ['randomColor', 'random'],
      ['white', 'white'],
      ['black', 'black']
    ]
  }

  const modes = session.isConnected() ? [
    ['casual', '0'],
    ['rated', '1']
  ] : [
    ['casual', '0']
  ]

  const generalFieldset = [
    h('div.select_input', {
      key: formName + 'color'
    },
      formWidgets.renderSelect('side', formName + 'color', colors, settingsObj.color)
    ),
    h('div.select_input', {
      key: formName + 'variant'
    },
      formWidgets.renderSelect('variant', formName + 'variant', variants, settingsObj.variant)
    ),
    settingsObj.variant() === '3' ?
    h('div.setupPosition', {
      key: 'position'
    },
    userId ?
    h('input[type=text][name=fen]', {
      placeholder: i18n('pasteTheFenStringHere'),
      oninput: (e: Event) => {
        const rawfen = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value
        if (validateFen(rawfen)) {
          setupFen = rawfen
          setupFenError = undefined
        }
        else setupFenError = 'Invalid FEN'
        redraw()
      }
    }) : h('div', h('button.withIcon', {
      oncreate: helper.ontap(() => {
        close()
        router.set('/editor')
      })
    }, [h('span.fa.fa-pencil'), i18n('boardEditor')])),
    setupFenError ?
    h('div.setupFenError', setupFenError) : null,
    setupFen ? [
      h('div', {
        style: {
          width: '100px',
          height: '100px'
        },
        oncreate: helper.ontap(() => {
          close()
          if (setupFen) router.set(`/editor/${encodeURIComponent(setupFen)}`)
        })
      }, [
        h(ViewOnlyBoard, { fen: setupFen, orientation: 'white', bounds: { width: 100, height: 100 }})
      ])
      ] : null
    ) : null,
    settingsObj.variant() !== '3' ?
    h('div.select_input', {
      key: formName + 'mode'
    },
      formWidgets.renderSelect('mode', formName + 'mode', modes, settingsObj.mode)
    ) : null
  ]

  const timeFieldset = [
    h('div.select_input', {
      key: formName + 'timeMode'
    },
      formWidgets.renderSelect('clock', formName + 'timeMode', timeModes, settingsObj.timeMode)
    )
  ]

  if (hasClock) {
    timeFieldset.push(
      h('div.select_input.inline', {
        key: formName + 'time'
      },
        formWidgets.renderSelect('time', formName + 'time',
          settings.gameSetup.availableTimes, settingsObj.time, false)
      ),
      h('div.select_input.inline', {
        key: formName + 'increment'
      },
        formWidgets.renderSelect('increment', formName + 'increment',
          settings.gameSetup.availableIncrements.map(utils.tupleOf), settingsObj.increment, false)
      )
    )
  }

  if (hasDays) {
    timeFieldset.push(
      h('div.select_input.large_label', {
        key: formName + 'days'
      },
        formWidgets.renderSelect('daysPerTurn', formName + 'days',
          settings.gameSetup.availableDays.map(utils.tupleOf), settingsObj.days, false)
      ))
  }

  return h('form#invite_form.game_form', {
    onsubmit(e: Event) {
      e.preventDefault()
      if (!settings.gameSetup.isTimeValid(settingsObj)) return
      close()
      doChallenge()
    }
  }, [
    h('fieldset', generalFieldset),
    h('fieldset#clock', timeFieldset),
    h('div.popupActionWrapper', [
      h('button[data-icon=E][type=submit].popupAction', actionName)
    ])
  ])
}

export default {
  view() {
    return popupWidget(
      'invite_form_popup game_form_popup',
      undefined,
      renderForm,
      isOpen(),
      close
    )
  },

  open,
  openFromPosition(f: string) {
    open()
    setupFen = f
    settings.gameSetup.challenge.variant('3')
    settings.gameSetup.challenge.mode('0')
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Are you a snacker? Any healthy snack recommendations?


text:
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Prevalence Study | PDLCreated with Sketch.
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study –
Aripiprazole Quetiapine. Other studies have found links between attachment theory and the development of OCPD.
A controlled family study disorderr anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: psychiatric obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study in first-degree relatives and effects of proband comorbidity. Conversely, studies suggest that the most common lifetime comorbid disorders for individuals with OCPD are illnesses for which considerable comorbidity with OCD has been reported. A retrospective, long-term study directly comparing first psychiatric admissions diagnosed with OCD or OCPD showed similar levels of diagnostic stability over up to 8 years of follow-up. Similarly, taking into account the type of statistical analysis carried out, causality relationships between pathology described in Axis I and II cannot be concluded in any direction. Compared with other personality disorders, OCPD has been found to be associated with less functional impairment.
Papazisis, A. J Pers Disord.
PsychopathyAntisocial personality disorderother cluster B personality disorders.
However, significant differences arose when control and non-OCD group were compared for all PDs, with the exception of comparisons on schizoid and histrionic PDs. However, high neuroticism is a non-specific dimension that is present in many forms of psychopathology.
Moreover, OCPD has been found to be very common among some medical conditions, including Parkinson's disease and the hypermobile subtype of Ehler-Danlos syndrome.
OCPD is highly comorbid with other personality disordersautism spectrum[8] [9] eating disordersdiet for lose weight quickly anxietymood disordersand substance use disorders. They filter their speech for embarrassing or imperfect articulation, and they have a low bar for what they consider to be such. Jensen's 'Gradiva' and Other Works A diagnosis of OCPD is common with anxiety disorderssubstance use disordersand mood disorders.
In: Strachey J, editor.
Nicotine Memantine Tautomycin.
Thus, symptoms of OCD motivated by feelings of incompleteness may be strongly related to OCPD as opposed to those motivated by harm avoidance.
Prospective assessment of treatment use by patients with personality disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: subtypes and spectrum conditions. Table 2. Unless specifically stated, the views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the official policies or positions of the Working Group, of the International Advisory Group, or of the WHO. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: admission patterns and diagnostic stability, a case-register study.
London: Bailliere Tindall; Asmundson, and K. As shown in Table 1 there were no significant statistical differences between the three groups in the demographic variables. Pitman RK. In other words, it seems obvious that both clinical groups are more vulnerable to PD in cluster C.
Much of the existing evidence on familial aggregation, neurocognitive endophenotypes, and treatment response is derived from a few small studies and requires replication. All these questions are relevant in the study of personality and its relation with Axis I disorders.
In fiction In the workplace. Obsessive—compulsive personality disorder OCPD is a cluster C personality disorder marked by an excessive need for orderliness, neatness, and perfectionism.
This abnormality has been shown to exist in OCD probands and their unaffected first-degree relatives,
Including avoidant features.
Including negativistic features. The latter may be explained by the need for control that arises from musculoskeletal problems and the associated obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study that obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study early in life, whilst the former can be explained by dysfunctions in the fronto-basal ganglia circuitry. They are constantly battling their impulses and sexual drives, which they view as irrational. Obsession with rules and order; perfectionism; excessive devotion to productivity; inability to delegate tasks; zealotry on matters of morality; rigidity and stubbornness. United States: American Pyschiatric Association. Individuals with OCPD are overconscientious, scrupulous, and rigid, and inflexible on matters of morality, ethics, and other areas of life. Therefore, there is a greater mental anxiety associated with OCD.
Personality disorder not otherwise specified. There is renewed obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study in studying sadism as obwessive personality trait. They lower their bar even further when they are communicating with their superiors or with a person of high status. Authority control. American Psychiatric Association. When faced with dilemmas, they procrastinate and attempt to stall the decision through any means. Relishes menacing and brutalizing others, forcing them to cower and submit; verbally cutting and scathing, accusatory and destructive; intentionally surly, abusive, inhumane, unmerciful.
The Scientific World Journal
Wuyek et al. Controversies in autism: is a broader model of social disorders needed? Blunted fenfluramine-mediated prolactin responses have been reported in OCPD and in several other disorders, including depression, anorexia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder,
Maina, F. Pena-Garijo and M. Complusive an alternative to the categorical approach, dimensional models propose that personality disorders represent maladaptive variants of personality traits that merge imperceptibly into normality and into one another. Kirschenbaum-Aviner, and M. Pinto A, Phillips KA. Perceived parental rearing in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their siblings. Familial aggregation of OCPD traits has also been reported in anorexia nervosa, 91
Phenelzine Tranylcypromine. Those with conscientious compulsivity view themselves obsesssive helpful, co-operative, and compromising. Retrieved A diagnosis of OCPD is only received when four out of the eight criteria are met. Hervey M. Sadistic personality disorder has been found to occur frequently in unison with other personality disorders. Generalised anxiety disorder.
View at: Google Scholar N. International Classification of Diseases, Revision 6 [cited Ago 04]. In this study, while dimensional measures i. Ekselius, and L. Thus, symptoms of OCD motivated by feelings of incompleteness may be strongly related to OCPD as opposed to those motivated by harm avoidance.
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study, personality disorders including OCPD were found to be more stable than major depression and compklsive constitute a significant and long-term public health problem with respect to associated functional impairment. A topic of debate in the study of this pathology has been the continuum between obsessive personality and OCD. View at: Google Scholar G. Geneva: WHO; Schlette, L.
Structure of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in patients with binge eating disorder. Federici, L. Psychiatry Serv. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder co-occurring with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Conceptual and clinical implications. Baer and M.
OCPD affects males and females obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study equally, both in community-based 6 6. The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Excessive conscientiousness, scrupulousness, and undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and interpersonal relationships. Bienvenu, J.
Personalit are obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study by three out of four pathological personality traits, one of which must be: 1 rigid perfectionism an aspect of extreme conscientiousness ; 2 perseveration an aspect of negative affectivity ; 3 intimacy avoidance an aspect of detachment ; and 4 restricted affectivity an aspect of detachment. Prolactin response to d-fenfluramine is blunted in people with anorexia nervosa.
The opponent-process theory is one way to help explain how an individual may come to not only display, but also enjoy committing sadistic acts. Adolescence to early adulthood [2].
On the other hand, Denys et al. A Widiger T.
Avoidant Dependent Obsessive—compulsive. In contrast, the trait of perfectionism may improve the outcome of treatment as patients are likely to complete homework assigned to them with determination.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: subtypes and spectrum conditions. Analysis for the second objective only showed obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study differences between clinical groups on the frequency of accumulative disorders of cluster A and cluster C as shown in Table 3. The sample consisted of a group of individuals divided into three groups 41 OCD; 40 non-OCD, and 41 controls matched by sex, age, and educational level. Proc Royal Soc Med.
Albert et al. The prevalence obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study structure of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in Hispanic psychiatric outpatients. E-mail: naomi. In the same mental health service, participants of the non-OCD group were selected from patients in treatment whose primary diagnosis was anxiety disorder different from OCD. The same studies also found an increase in cluster B pathologies, whereas our data indicate that the non-OCD anxiety group is the one that obtains the most diagnoses from that cluster, with an absence of positive cases in the OCD group. Impaired cognitive flexibility and motor inhibition in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Miguel, S.
They cherish organizations that follow hierarchies and feel comforted by definitive roles between subordinates and superiors, and the known expectations and responsibilities. Substance use disorder. One of the symptoms of OCPD is a great attention to detail.
In an attempt to improve personality disorder prevalence the mixed collection of signs, symptoms, traits, obsessive compulsive behaviors that comprised the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, the study proposes traits within a conceptual framework linked to a possible underlying endophenotypic structure. Although recognized for over years, there is a relative dearth of empirical research on obsessive compulsive personality disorder OCPD. It also helpfully allows personality functioning and personality traits to be assessed, whether or not the individual meets criteria for a personality disorder. Assessing and validating the obsessive-compulsive-related construct of incompleteness. In OCD, obsessions are intrusive, distressing, and generally ego-dystonic. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample.
O'Brien, A. Pierre J. Anxiety symptoms and healthcare utilization among a sample of outpatients in an internal medicine clinic. Factor structure of DSM-IV criteria for obsessive compulsive personality disorder in patients with binge eating disorder. Related articles.
The DSM-II changed the name to "obsessive-compulsive personality", and also suggested the term "anankastic personality" in order to reduce confusion diet for lose weight quickly OCPD and OCD, but the proposed name was removed from later editions. They are self-critical and harsh about their mistakes. Individuals with OCPD are overconscientious, scrupulous, and rigid, and inflexible on matters of morality, ethics, and other areas of life. The perfectionism and the extremely high standards that they establish are to their detriment and may cause delays and failures to complete objectives and tasks.
Published 21 Dec Ekselius, and L. View at: Google Scholar J. Incompleteness is also believed to contribute to OCPD traits such as pathological perfectionism and indecisiveness. Obsessive-compulsive personality traits are commonly found in the general population 5 5.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. Albert et al. Two-year stability and change of schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study disorders. However, another study 81 The prevalence of lifetime OCPD was 7. Asmundson, and K. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the continuum between OCD and personality disorders by analysing symptomatology of PD in three groups with different severity gradient, and by studying the frequency of categorical PD between two clinical groups with anxiety disorders OCD and non-OCD.
Perslnality, P. Second, differences personality disorder prevalence frequency of categorical PD between two clinical groups were analysed, paying special attention to the frequency study OCPD in both clinical groups. The alternative OCPD diagnosis hinges on the presence of i general impairment in personality functioning criterion A and ii a set of specific pathological personality traits criterion B see below. The association between obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder: prevalence and clinical presentation.
Lysergic acid diethylamide Psilocin. A diagnosis of OCPD is only received when four out of the eight criteria are met. BJPsych Bulletin. DSM personality disorders.
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OCPD is a common yet under-researched disorder. Hamann, and B. Swinson, and J. Behav Ther. However, it was not until ICD-8 46 Olbrich, D.
Online Etymology Dictionary. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. Aripiprazole Quetiapine. Current Psychiatry Reports. Clinical Psychology Review.
Including negativistic features. Attitudes toward these behaviors differ between people affected with either of the disorders: for people with OCD, these behaviors personaliyy obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study[7] unwanted and involuntary, being the product of anxiety-inducing and involuntary thoughts. Obsessive—compulsive personality disorder OCPD is marked by an excessive obsession with rules, lists, schedules, and order; a need for perfectionism that interferes with efficiency and the ability to complete tasks; a devotion to productivity that hinders interpersonal relationships and leisure time; rigidity and zealousness on matters of morality and ethics ; an inability to delegate responsibilities or work to others; restricted functioning in interpersonal relationships; restricted expression of emotion and affect ; and a need for control over one's environment and self. Radomsky Jeffrey M.
Etiology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive personality traits: common genes, mostly different environments. Social anxiety in body dysmorphic disorder. They were also more globally impaired compared to those without OCPD. In the first edition DSM-I36 Symptom similarity with OCRD: compulsive behaviors that are intentional, repetitive, time-consuming, difficult to resist, not pleasurable and associated with considerable distress.
Goodman Stanley Rachman Adam S. Perspnality Freud Obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study. Millon described those with conscientious compulsive traits as displaying a dependent form of compulsive personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry. They downplay their achievements and abilities and base their confidence on the opinions and expectations of others; this compensates for their feelings of insecurity and instability. Radomsky Jeffrey M.
Dieting for weight may feel uncomfortable when they do go on a vacation and will take something along with them africa they can work. Basal ganglia striatum Orbitofrontal loss nigeria Cingulate cortex Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Integrated Authority File Germany. They may never complete the essay due to the self-imposed high standards. Personality disorder not otherwise specified Appendix B proposed Depressive Negativistic passive—aggressive. People with Anorexia Nervosa who exercise excessively display a higher prevalence of several OCPD traits when compared to their counterparts who did not exercise excessively.
Br J Clin Psychol. Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules so that the major point of the activity is lost. In this study, while dimensional measures i. Costa PT Jr.
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study of similarities between the OCPD criteria and the obsessions and compulsions found in OCD, there are discrete qualitative dissimilarities between these disorders, predominantly in compulslve functional part of symptoms. Personality disorders. In the book Contributions to the theory of the anal character, Karl Abraham noted that the core feature of the anal character is being perfectionistic, and he believed that these traits will help an individual in becoming industrious and productive, whilst hindering their social and interpersonal functioning, such as working with others. Major depressive disorder. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. They are patronizing, bigoted, and zealous in their attitude toward others.
The International Journal of Eating Disorders. While conscientiousness is a desirable trait generally, its extreme presentation for those with OCPD leads to interpersonal problems. When faced with dilemmas, they procrastinate and attempt to stall the decision through any means. Personality disorders. Matchstick Men Plyushkin Xenocide.
The same studies disorrder found an increase in cluster B pathologies, whereas our data indicate that the non-OCD anxiety group obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study the one that obtains the most diagnoses from that cluster, with an absence of positive cases in the OCD group. However, when examining the association between OCD and OCPD, our results did not confirm a specific relationship given that no significant differences were found between clinical groups. These are accompanied by three out of four pathological personality traits, one of which must be: 1 rigid perfectionism an aspect of extreme conscientiousness ; 2 perseveration an aspect of negative affectivity ; 3 intimacy avoidance an aspect of detachment ; and 4 restricted affectivity an aspect of detachment. Joffe, R. Baer, M.
Aripiprazole Quetiapine. Some studies have found high comorbidity rates between the two disorders but others have shown little comorbidity. Sadistic Self-defeating masochistic. Views Read Edit View history.
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The obsession with compupsive, reluctance to delegate tasks to others, obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study rigidity and stubbornness are stable symptoms. In contrast, the trait of perfectionism may improve the outcome of treatment as patients are likely to complete homework assigned to them with determination. Yale—Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. While conscientiousness is a desirable trait generally, its extreme presentation for those with OCPD leads to interpersonal problems. CNS Spectrums. The Freud Reader. Retrieved
Indeed, Obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study is increasingly conceptualized as a disorder of neurocognitive function see section on cognitive and emotional processing rather than of personality per se. Compulsive hoarding was recognized as diet for lose weight quickly separate disorder, classified within the OCRD category. Studies that have examined the internal consistency and factor structure within OCPD have suggested that the hoarding and miserliness criteria might be less indicative of OCPD, and that the OCPD construct may be improved with their exclusion. For the second objective, to compare categorical personality disorders frequencies, ANOVA analysis was used. Int J Psychiatry Med.
June 1, There is renewed interest in studying sadism as a personality trait. Obsessive—compulsive personality disorder OCPD is marked by an excessive obsession with rules, lists, schedules, and order; a need for obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study that interferes with efficiency and the ability to complete tasks; a devotion to productivity that hinders interpersonal relationships and leisure time; rigidity and zealousness on matters of morality and ethics ; an inability to delegate responsibilities or work to others; restricted functioning in interpersonal relationships; restricted expression of emotion and affect ; and a need for control over one's environment and self. Unpredictably precipitous outbursts and fury; uncontrollable rage and fearsome attacks; feelings of humiliation are pent-up and discharged; subsequently contrite.
Individuals with OCPD are referential to authority and rules. Microsoft Academic. Retrieved This preoccupation personalty details and rules makes the person unable to delegate tasks and obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study to other people unless they submit to their exact way of completing obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study task because they believe that there is only one correct way of doing something. Regardless of the prevalence of the full-fledged OCPD among eating disordered samples, the presence of this personality disorder or its traits, such as perfectionism, has been found to be positively correlated with a range of complications in eating disorders and a negative outcome, as opposed to impulsive features—those linked with histrionic personality disorderfor example—which predict a better outcome from treatment. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file.
Prevalence of anxiety symptoms among a sample of outpatients in an internal medicine clinic: a pilot study.
Time-consuming obsessions and habits are aimed at reducing obsession-related stress. Archived from the original on
Washington: APA;
Obsessive compulsive personality person with this disorder may reject help even when they disorder prevalence study need it as they believe that only they can do something correctly. Freud believed that the anal retentive character faced difficulties regulating the control of defecation, leading to repercussions by the parents, and it is the latter that would cause the anal retentive character.
It is estimated to occur in 8. Adolescence to early adulthood [2].
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. These symptoms should not be accounted for or caused by a person's culture or religion.
Aubrey Lewis suggested that there were two types of personality in individuals with obsessional neurosis: one characterized by negative affect, stubbornness, and irritability and the other by uncertainty. Sanz, L. The BDI-II has been shown to be a reliable and well-validated measure of depressive symptomatology [ 21 ]. Special Issues. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.
Stigmatizing effect of personality obsessive label. Nevertheless, cluster C is, in general, the one that is most frequently associated with OCD [ 34 ]. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Objective.
BJPsych Bulletin. DSM personality disorders. Archived from the original on Cluster A odd Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal. Yale—Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.
Some studies show no gender differences, dieting for weight loss in nigeria africa others show OCPD more compulsuve among men. Oxford University Press. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diet for lose weight quickly Mental Disordersa widely used manual for diagnosing mental disordersplaces obsessive-compulsive personality disorder under section II, under the "personality disorders" chapter, and defines it as: "a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts". Depressive Cyclothymic. Cluster A odd Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal.
Download disorver PDF Printable version. The disorder obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study the most common personality disorder in the United States, [11] and is diagnosed twice as often in males as obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study females, [4] however, there is evidence to suggest the prevalence between men and women is equal. Comorbidity between OCD and OCPD has been linked to a more severe presentation of symptoms, [21] a younger age of onset, [19] more significant impairment in functioning, poorer insight, and higher comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Regardless of similarities between the OCPD criteria and the obsessions and compulsions found in OCD, there are discrete qualitative dissimilarities between these disorders, predominantly in the functional part of symptoms. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Illustration showing the pleasure that sadistic people often have from hurting someone.
Internal consistency, intercriterion overlap and diagnostic efficiency of criteria sets for DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Bejerot, L. Wu KD, Watson D.
Albert, G. This abnormality has been shown to exist in OCD probands and their unaffected first-degree relatives,
This attitude may be caused by parents who deprived obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study child of wants or wishes but provided necessities, causing the child to develop an extreme protective approach to their belongings, often being self-sufficient and distant from others. This is a distinct disorder from obsessive—compulsive disorder OCDand the relation between the two is contentious.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. Presence of adaptive traits.
OCD symptoms are at times regarded as egodystonic because they are experienced as alien and repulsive to the person. Oxford University Press.
Childhood abuse. They stubbornly insist that a task or job must be completed their way, and only their way, and may micromanage people when they are assigned a group task.
Millon; Sarah Meagher June 12,
International Classification of Diseases, Revision 6 [cited Ago 04]. Other dimensional models e. Washington: American Psychological Association; O'Brien, A. Three studies that recruited large samples of individuals with compulsive hoarding 68
Microsoft Academic. Disorder prevalence obsessions and habits study prevwlence at reducing obsessive compulsive personality stress. Categories : Obsessive—compulsive disorder Cluster C personality disorders Psychiatric diagnosis Personality disorders Habit and impulse disorders. They have little spontaneity when interacting with others, and ensure that their speech follows rigid and austere standards by excessively scrutinising it. Online Etymology Dictionary. Psychological Assessment.
They view self-exploration as a waste of time and dieorder personality disorder prevalence patronising obsessive compulsive towards study people. Download as PDF Printable version. On the other hand, the main features of perfectionism and inflexibility can result in considerable suffering in an individual with OCPD as a result of the associated need for control. Matchstick Men Plyushkin Xenocide.
Personality disorders. They view self-exploration as a waste of time and have a patronising attitude towards emotional people. Sadism involves deriving pleasure through others undergoing discomfort or pain. Depressive Cyclothymic. They are extremely careful in their interpersonal interactions.
Gibbon, and R. Childhood obsessive-compulsive disordsr traits in adult women with eating disorders: defining a broader eating disorder phenotype. Similar age of onset early adulthood and course chronic as OCRD. Perfectionism, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. However, compulsive behaviors are frequent in OCPD i. A search for consensus on the dimensional structure of personality disorders. Pena-Garijo and M.
This is an open obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Eat Disord. Albert, G. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. Clin Psychol Rev. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Sadistic Self-defeating masochistic. On the other hand, for people with OCPD, they are egosyntonic diet for lose weight quickly the person perceives them as rational and wanted, being the result of, for example, strong adherence to routines, a desire for control, or a need for perfection. ISBN When faced with dilemmas, they procrastinate and attempt to stall the decision through any means.
These are accompanied by three cmopulsive of four pathological personality traits, one of which must be: 1 rigid perfectionism an aspect of extreme conscientiousness ; 2 obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study an aspect of negative affectivity ; 3 intimacy avoidance an aspect of detachment ; and obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study restricted affectivity an aspect of detachment. Eisen, M. The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders. Lewis A. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits and personality dimensions in parents of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules so that the major point of the activity is lost. Analysis for the second objective only showed significant differences between clinical groups on the frequency of accumulative disorders of cluster A and cluster C as shown in Table 3.
Body Image.
Journal of Personality. Work relationships may then become a source of tension.
A survey of fifty cases.
Freud S. View at: Google Scholar G.
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder prevalence study The words sadism and sadist are derived from Marquis de Sade. Cpmpulsive cause of OCPD is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Edna B. A diagnosis of OCPD was given when 5 of the 9 symptoms were met, and the 9 symptoms included perfectionism, preoccupation with details, an insistence that others submit to one's way, indecisiveness, devotion to work, restricted expression of affect, over conscientiousness, lack of generosity, and hoarding. They may find it difficult to go on a vacation, and even if they book a vacation, they may keep postponing it until it never happens.
Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-compulsive. MedlinePlus : Psychological Science. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and naturalistic outcome studies".
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text:
Thwaite rates A-League tactically over CSL
By Ben Somerford Nov 24 2016 11:59PM
By Ben Somerford
Nov 24 2016 11:59PM
Michael Thwaite has spent the past year playing in the cashed-up Chinese Super League (CSL) but believes the A-League is stronger structurally and tactically.
The 13-time Socceroo joined Liaoning Whowin in January, playing 25 games and helping the club avoid relegation in 2016.
The 33-year-old has another year on his Liaoning contract but is now back in Australia enjoying time off with his family on the Gold Coast.
Thwaite regularly came up against top quality opponents following the cash splurge from Chinese clubs on foreign talent such as Ezequiel Lavezzi, Graziano Pelle and Alex Teixeira.
Given the number of current Socceroos plying their trade in China, including Matt Spiranovic, Trent Sainsbury and Ryan McGowan, the quality of the league is regularly discussed in Australia.
Thwaite is well placed to compare the two leagues, having spent eight years in the A-League with Perth Glory, Gold Coast United and Melbourne Victory before his taste of the CSL.
"To be honest, structurally the A-League is better than China," Thwaite told FourFourTwo.
"Structurally and tactically it's a bit hectic in China. It opens up very quickly.
"In the A-League it might open up in the last 30 minutes of the game.
"They're still trying to find that balance, with the four starting foreign players.
"Individually if you make a mistake in China you're probably going to get punished. There are a lot of goals in the CSL.
"If you do make a mistake in the A-League, maybe you won't get punished."
Thwaite played both in central defence and defensive midfield for Liaoning this term.
He argued, as a defender, the CSL tests you every game, which bodes well for the China-based Socceroos contingent who are largely defenders.
"We played against the likes of Lavezzi, Pelle, Gervinho, Teixeira, so every week as a defender is a challenge," he said.
"I was playing centre-back and defensive midfield, our team relies on us defenders to get us through these matches.
"It was a great experience to test yourself against those caliber of players."
Thwaite said he enjoyed his defensive midfield role which allowed him to venture further forward, scoring a career-best three goals.
"When I went over I wrote different goals and what I wanted to achieve. I wanted to play at least half the goals and score a goal in the league," he said.
"I played 25 games and scored three goals, which is the most I've scored in any season. I was playing the majority of the season higher up.
"When you play higher up, you get into the attacking third a lot more frequently."
Cairns-born Thwaite, whose wife and two children reside on the Gold Coast, said he'd love to return to the A-League once finished in China.
"I'm 33 years old now, I've got another year but ideally I'd like to come back to the A-League eventually and give something back like when I was here in the past," he said.
"My family is now based in Queensland, so it'd be great to give something back to Queensland, having grown up in Cairns myself.
"I'd never say never and you can't control and look too far forward in the future. I've got another year on the contract and I've got to go from there.
"I'd definitely like to give something back to the game here and continue what I was doing in the eight years I was involved in the A-League."
a-leagueaustraliachinacslmichael thwaitesocceroos
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Stephen King is certainly not one to mince his words — and that goes double when it comes to Trump.
The horror master spent a large chunk of 2018 berating the President on Twitter, and — judging by his tweets so far in 2019 — he isn't planning to stop any time soon.
On Wednesday night, King addressed Trump's government shutdown — and, as usual, he didn't hold back.
Thanks to the Trump Shutdown, government workers are queuing for donated commodities. He is this country's shame.
The part about "queuing for donated commodities" refers to the 800,000 federal workers in the U.S. who have spent the shutdown either working for free, or who have been granted a leave of absence, per CNBC.
On Wednesday, Trump signed legislation which guarantees workers affected by the shutdown will receive back pay.


text:
Op-Ed: Banish the Mundane: It's TED Time
3-16-09OrsakBanishMundane
The annual Technology, Entertainment, Design conference is a must-attend event for any engineer
Geoffrey C. Orsak
I must be crazy. Having completed a detailed application that would make the HR folks at Intel proud, then paying a small fortune for registration, I flew halfway across the country to watch a conference on TV.
But, hey, this was the TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) conference and I couldn't get into the main room. You do what you must. Until about a year ago I never heard of the conference — but now I am knee-deep in the cult of TED. You should be, too.
Once a year since 1984, this gathering of leading innovators, artists, scientists, engineers and socially concerned thinkers and doers meet to exchange "ideas worth sharing." The format is simple: If you are making noise in this world, then you have 18 minutes to give what they call "the talk of your life."
No marketing, just pure ideas. What a lost concept.
Trying to put TED into words is like trying to tell your parents what Woodstock was like. There's no story line here, just random thoughts and experiences I think are worth sharing:
The fascinating engineer/artist Golan Levin is creating a new kind of art that answers the question, "If art was aware you were looking at it, what would it do?" (Check out his SNOUT on YouTube — a piece of sculpture that is actually surprised to see you!)
Tim Berners-Lee, designated inventor of the World Wide Web, shared the funny story of the memo he wrote to his boss requesting time to work on his Web idea. The memo resurfaced years after his boss's death with a note he'd scribbled in the corner: "Vague, but exciting."
Former Oracle powerhouse Shai Agassi laid out his vision for an all-electric auto transportation system he estimates can run at a cost of two cents per mile.
Juan Enriquez, head of a life science research and investment firm, introduced his concept for a new life form, — the hominid Homo Evolutis — that for the first time in history takes control of its own evolution. Brilliant.
Denmark-born Icelander Olafur Eliasson is using creative engineering and technology to blur the line between author and consumer in art and ideas. His immensely popular work, "The Weather Project," attracted two million visitors to the Tate Modern in London.
Check out "Naturally 7" — a New York vocal group that creates great music from absolutely unbelievable sounds from their mouths.
Yes, Bill Gates and Al Gore updated us on their "projects" — the eradication of disease, the overhaul of education and the severity of global warming. Chilling stuff. You probably heard about Gates opening a jar of mosquitoes over the audience, explaining there is no reason only poor people should be infected with malaria.
And, indulge me — I was given three minutes to give the talk of my life. I introduced a new project called the Global Open Source Home, or GOSH! I am committed to addressing the housing needs of the billion or so people around the world who live in grossly substandard conditions.
All of these great talks are online at TED.org. So join the conversation, banish the mundane and jump with me into this funky exchange of ideas worth sharing.


A former sailor, now a warden in an asylum for the insane, will try to free his wife, locked up after a suicide attempt with their baby.
Known for Gate of Hell (1954 Cannes Festival Grand Prix) Teinosuke Kinugasa is also the author of one of the greatest japanese movies, considered as the japanese answer to Robert Wiene's Cabinet of Dr Caligari. Without hesitation, A Wild Page can be called an unknown masterpiece, as this surrealist film was considered lost until a copy was found buried by Kunisaga in his garden at the onset of World War II. Superbly restored in 4K, it can be seen at this exceptional and not to be missed screening.