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Thích Nhất Hạnh ( ; ; born Nguyễn Xuân Bảo; 11 October 1926 – 22 January 2022) was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk, peace activist, prolific author, poet and teacher, who founded the Plum Village Tradition, historically recognized as the main inspiration for engaged Buddhism. Known as the "father of mindfulness", Nhất Hạnh was a major influence on Western practices of Buddhism.

In the mid-1960s, Nhất Hạnh co-founded the School of Youth for Social Services and created the Order of Interbeing. He was exiled from South Vietnam in 1966 after expressing opposition to the war and refusing to take sides. In 1967, Martin Luther King Jr. nominated him for a Nobel Peace Prize. Nhất Hạnh established dozens of monasteries and practice centers and spent many years living at the Plum Village Monastery, which he founded in 1982 in southwest France near Thénac, traveling internationally to give retreats and talks. Nhất Hạnh promoted deep listening as a nonviolent solution to conflict and sought to raise awareness of the interconnectedness of all elements in nature. He coined the term "engaged Buddhism" in his book Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire.

After a 39-year exile, Nhất Hạnh was permitted to visit Vietnam in 2005. In 2018, he returned to Vietnam to his "root temple", Từ Hiếu Temple, near Huế, where he lived until his death in 2022, at the age of 95.

Early life
Nhất Hạnh was born Nguyễn Xuân Bảo on 11 October 1926, in the ancient capital of Huế in central Vietnam. He is 15th generation Nguyễn Đình; the poet Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, author of Lục Vân Tiên, was his ancestor. His father, Nguyễn Đình Phúc, from Thành Trung village in Thừa Thiên, Huế, was an official with the French administration. His mother, Trần Thị Dĩ, was a homemaker from Gio Linh district. Nhất Hạnh was the fifth of their six children. Until he was age five, he lived with his large extended family at his grandmother's home. He recalled feeling joy at age seven or eight after he saw a drawing of a peaceful Buddha, sitting on the grass. On a school trip, he visited a mountain where a hermit lived who was said to sit quietly day and night to become peaceful like the Buddha. They explored the area, and he found a natural well, which he drank from and felt completely satisfied. It was this experience that led him to want to become a Buddhist monk. At age 12, he expressed an interest in training to become a monk, which his parents, cautious at first, eventually let him pursue at age 16.

Names applied to him
Nhất Hạnh had many names in his lifetime. As a boy, he received a formal family name (Nguyễn Đình Lang) to register for school, but was known by his nickname (Bé Em). He received a spiritual name (Điệu Sung) as an aspirant for the monkhood; a Lineage name (Trừng Quang) when he formally became a lay Buddhist; and when he ordained as a monk he received a Dharma name (Phùng Xuân). He took the Dharma title Nhất Hạnh when he moved to Saigon in 1949.

The Vietnamese name Thích (釋) is from "Thích Ca" or "Thích Già" (釋迦, "of the Shakya clan"). All Buddhist monastics in East Asian Buddhism adopt this name as their surname, implying that their first family is the Buddhist community. In many Buddhist traditions, a person can receive a progression of names. The lineage name is given first when a person takes refuge in the Three Jewels. Nhất Hạnh's lineage name is Trừng Quang (澄光, "Clear, Reflective Light"). The second is a dharma name, given when a person takes vows or is ordained as a monastic. Nhất Hạnh's dharma name is Phùng Xuân (逢春, "Meeting Spring") and his dharma title is Nhất Hạnh.

Neither Nhất (一) nor Hạnh (行), which approximate the roles of middle name and given name, was part of his name at birth. Nhất means "one", implying "first-class", or "of best quality"; Hạnh means "action", implying "right conduct" or "good nature". He translated his Dharma names as "One" (Nhất) and "Action" (Hạnh). Vietnamese names follow this convention, placing the family name first, then the middle name, which often refers to the person's position in the family or generation, followed by the given name.

Nhất Hạnh's followers called him  ("master; teacher"), or Thầy Nhất Hạnh. Any Vietnamese monk in the Mahayana tradition can be addressed as "thầy", with monks addressed as thầy tu ("monk") and nuns addressed as sư cô ("sister") or sư bà ("elder sister").  He is also known as Thiền Sư Nhất Hạnh ("Zen Master Nhất Hạnh").

Education

At age 16, Nhất Hạnh entered the monastery at Từ Hiếu Temple, where his primary teacher was Zen Master Thanh Quý Chân Thật, who was from the 43rd generation of the Lâm Tế Zen school and the ninth generation of the Liễu Quán school. He studied as a novice for three years and received training in Vietnamese traditions of Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism. Here he also learned Chinese, English and French. Nhất Hạnh attended Báo Quốc Buddhist Academy. Dissatisfied with the focus at Báo Quốc Academy, which he found lacking in philosophy, literature, and foreign languages, Nhất Hạnh left in 1950 and took up residence in the Ấn Quang Pagoda in Saigon, where he was ordained as a monk in 1951. He supported himself by selling books and poetry while attending Saigon University, where he studied science.

In 1955, Nhất Hạnh returned to Huế and served as the editor of Phật Giáo Việt Nam (Vietnamese Buddhism), the official publication of the General Association of Vietnamese Buddhists (Tổng Hội Phật Giáo Việt Nam) for two years before the publication was suspended as higher-ranking monks disapproved of his writing. He believed that this was due to his opinion that South Vietnam's various Buddhist organisations should unite. In 1956, while he was away teaching in Đà Lạt, his name was expunged from the records of Ấn Quang, effectively disowning him from the temple. In late 1957, Nhất Hạnh decided to go on retreat, and established a monastic "community of resistance" named Phương Bôi, in Đại Lao Forest near Đà Lạt. During this period, he taught at a nearby high school and continued to write, promoting the idea of a humanistic, unified Buddhism.

From 1959 to 1961, Nhất Hạnh taught several short courses on Buddhism at various Saigon temples, including the large Xá Lợi Pagoda, where his class was cancelled mid-session and he was removed due to disapproval of his teachings. Facing further opposition from Vietnamese religious and secular authorities, Nhất Hạnh accepted a Fulbright Fellowship in 1960 to study comparative religion at Princeton University. He studied at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1961. In 1962 he was appointed lecturer in Buddhism at Columbia University and also taught as a lecturer at Cornell University. By then he had gained fluency in French, Classical Chinese, Sanskrit, Pali and English, in addition to his native Vietnamese.

Career

Activism in Vietnam 1963–1966
In 1963, after the military overthrow of the minority Catholic regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem, Nhất Hạnh returned to South Vietnam on 16 December 1963, at the request of Thich Tri Quang, the monk most prominent in protesting the religious discrimination of Diem, to help restructure the administration of Vietnamese Buddhism. As a result of a congress, the General Association of Buddhists and other groups merged to form the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (UBCV) in January 1964, and Nhất Hạnh proposed that the executive publicly call for an end to the Vietnam War, help establish an institute for the study of Buddhism to train future leaders, and create a centre to train pacifist social workers based on Buddhist teaching.

In 1964, two of Nhất Hạnh's students founded La Boi Press with a grant from Mrs. Ngo Van Hieu. Within two years, the press published 12 books, but by 1966, the publishers risked arrest and jail because the word "peace" was taken to mean communism. Nhất Hạnh also edited the weekly journal Hải Triều Âm (Sound of the Rising Tide), the UBCV's official publication. He continually advocated peace and reconciliation, notably calling in September 1964, soon after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, for a peace settlement, and referring to the Viet Cong as brothers. The South Vietnamese government subsequently closed the journal.

On 1 May 1966, at Từ Hiếu Temple, Nhất Hạnh received the "lamp transmission" from Zen Master Chân Thật, making him a dharmacharya (teacher) and the spiritual head of Từ Hiếu and associated monasteries.

Vạn Hanh Buddhist University
On 13 March 1964, Nhất Hạnh and the monks at An Quang Pagoda founded the Institute of Higher Buddhist Studies (Học Viện Phật Giáo Việt Nam), with the UBCV's support and endorsement. Renamed Vạn Hanh Buddhist University, it was a private institution that taught Buddhist studies, Vietnamese culture, and languages, in Saigon. Nhất Hạnh taught Buddhist psychology and prajnaparamita literature there, and helped finance the university by fundraising from supporters.

School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS)

In 1964, Nhất Hạnh co-founded the School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS), a neutral corps of Buddhist peace workers who went into rural areas to establish schools, build healthcare clinics, and help rebuild villages. The SYSS consisted of 10,000 volunteers and social workers who aided war-torn villages, rebuilt schools and established medical centers. He left for the U.S. shortly afterwards and was not allowed to return, leaving Sister Chân Không in charge of the SYSS. Chân Không was central to the foundation and many of the activities of the SYSS, which organized medical, educational and agricultural facilities in rural Vietnam during the war. Nhất Hạnh was initially given substantial autonomy to run the SYSS, which was initially part of Vạn Hạnh University. In April 1966, the Vạn Hạnh Students' Union under the presidency of Phượng issued a "Call for Peace". Vice Chancellor Thích Minh Châu dissolved the students' union and removed the SYSS from the university's auspices.

The Order of Interbeing

Nhất Hạnh created the Order of Interbeing (), a monastic and lay group, between 1964 and 1966. He headed this group, teaching the Five Mindfulness Trainings and the Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings. Nhất Hạnh established the Order of Interbeing from a selection of six SYSS board members, three men and three women, who took a vow to practice the Fourteen Precepts of Engaged Buddhism. He added a seventh member in 1981.

In 1967, Nhat Chi Mai, one of the first six Order of Interbeing members, lit herself on fire in front of the Tu Nghiem Pagoda in Saigon as a peace protest after calling for an end to the Vietnam War. On several occasions, Nhất Hạnh explained to Westerners that Thích Quảng Đức and other Vietnamese Buddhist monks who self-immolated during the Vietnam war did not perform acts of suicide; rather, their acts were, in his words, aimed "at moving the hearts of the oppressors, and at calling the attention of the world to the suffering endured then by the Vietnamese."

The Order of Interbeing expanded into an international community of laypeople and monastics focused on "mindfulness practice, ethical behavior, and compassionate action in society." By 2017, the group had grown to include thousands known to recite the Fourteen Precepts.

During the Vietnam War
Vạn Hạnh University was taken over by one of the chancellors, who wished to sever ties with Nhất Hạnh and the SYSS, accusing Chân Không of being a communist. Thereafter the SYSS struggled to raise funds and faced attacks on its members. It persisted in its relief efforts without taking sides in the conflict.

Nhất Hạnh returned to the U.S. in 1966 to lead a symposium in Vietnamese Buddhism at Cornell University and continue his work for peace. He was invited by Professor George McTurnan Kahin, also of Cornell and a U.S. government foreign policy consultant, to participate on a forum on U.S. policy in Vietnam. On 1 June, Nhất Hạnh released a five-point proposal addressed to the U.S. government, recommending that (1) the U.S. make a clear statement of its desire to help the Vietnamese people form a government "truly responsive to Vietnamese aspirations"; (2) the U.S. and South Vietnam cease air strikes throughout Vietnam; (3) all anti-communist military operations be purely defensive; (4) the U.S. demonstrate a willingness to withdraw within a few months; and (5) the U.S. offer to pay for reconstruction. In 1967 he wrote Vietnam — The Lotus in the Sea of Fire, about his proposals. The South Vietnamese military junta responded by accusing him of treason and being a communist.

While in the U.S., Nhất Hạnh visited Gethsemani Abbey to speak with the Trappist monk Thomas Merton. When the South Vietnamese regime threatened to block Nhất Hạnh's reentry to the country, Merton wrote an essay of solidarity, "Nhat Hanh is my Brother". In 1964, after the publication of his famous poem, "whoever is listening, be my witness: I cannot accept this war...", Nhất Hạnh was labeled an "antiwar poet" and denounced as a "pro-Communist propagandist" by the American press. In 1965 he had written Martin Luther King Jr. a letter titled "In Search of the Enemy of Man". During his 1966 stay in the U.S., Nhất Hạnh met King and urged him to publicly denounce the Vietnam War. In 1967, King gave the speech "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" at Riverside Church in New York City, his first to publicly question U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Later that year, King nominated Nhất Hạnh for the 1967 Nobel Peace Prize. In his nomination, King said, "I do not personally know of anyone more worthy of the Nobel Peace Prize than this gentle monk from Vietnam. His ideas for peace, if applied, would build a monument to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity". King also called Nhất Hạnh "an apostle of peace and non-violence". King had revealed the candidate he had chosen to nominate with a "strong request" to the prize committee, in sharp violation of Nobel traditions and protocol. The committee did not make an award that year.

Refuge in France
Nhất Hạnh moved to Paris in 1966. He became the chair of the Vietnamese Buddhist Peace Delegation.

In 1969, Nhất Hạnh established the Unified Buddhist Church (Église Bouddhique Unifiée) in France (not a part of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam). In 1975, he formed the Sweet Potatoes Meditation Centre at Fontvannes, in the Foret d'Othe, near Troyes in Aube province southeast of Paris. For the next seven years, he focused on writing, and completed The Miracle of Mindfulness, The Moon Bamboo, and The Sun My Heart.

Nhất Hạnh began teaching mindfulness in the mid-1970s with his books, particularly The Miracle of Mindfulness (1975), serving as the main vehicle for his early teachings. In an interview for On Being, he said that The Miracle of Mindfulness was "written for our social workers, first, in Vietnam, because they were living in a situation where the danger of dying was there every day. So out of compassion, out of a willingness to help them to continue their work, The Miracle of Mindfulness was written as a manual practice. And after that, many friends in the West, they think that it is helpful for them, so we allow it to be translated into English."

Campaign to help boat people and expulsion from Singapore
When the North Vietnamese army took control of the south in 1975, Nhất Hạnh was denied permission to return to Vietnam, and the communist government banned his publications. He soon began to lead efforts to help rescue Vietnamese boat people in the Gulf of Siam, eventually stopping under pressure from the governments of Thailand and Singapore.

Recounting his experience years later, Nhất Hạnh said he was in Singapore attending a conference on religion and peace when he discovered the plight of the suffering of the boat people:So many boat people were dying in the ocean, and Singapore had a very harsh policy on the boat people… The policy of Singapore at that time was to reject the boat people; Malaysia, also. They preferred to have the boat people die in the ocean rather than to bring them to land and make them into prisoners. Every time there was a boat with the boat people [that came] to the shore, they tried to push them [back] out into the sea in order [for them] to die. They didn't want to host [them]. And those fishermen who had compassion, who were able to save the boat people from drowning in the sea, were punished. They had to pay a very huge sum of money so that next time they won't have the courage to save the boat people.He stayed on in Singapore to organise a secret rescue operation. Aided by concerned individuals from France, the Netherlands, and other European countries, he hired a boat to bring food, water and medicine to refugees in the sea. Sympathetic fishermen who had rescued boat people would call up his team, and they shuttled the refugees to the French embassy in the middle of the night and helped them climb into the compound, before they were discovered by staff in the morning and handed over to the police where they were placed in the relative safety of detention.

When the Singapore government discovered the clandestine network, the police surrounded its office and impounded the passports of both Nhất Hạnh and Chân Không, giving them 24 hours to leave the country. It was only with the intervention of the then-French ambassador to Singapore Jacques Gasseau that they were given 10 days to wind down their rescue operations.

Nhất Hạnh was only allowed to return to Singapore in 2010 to lead a meditation retreat at the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery.

Plum Village
In 1982, Nhất Hạnh and Chân Không established the Plum Village Monastery, a vihara in the Dordogne near Bordeaux in southern France. Plum Village is the largest Buddhist monastery in Europe and America, with over 200 monastics and over 10,000 visitors a year.

The Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism (formerly the Unified Buddhist Church) and its sister organization in France, the Congrégation Bouddhique Zen Village des Pruniers, are the legally recognized governing bodies of Plum Village in France.

Expanded practice centres

By 2019, Nhất Hạnh had built a network of monasteries and retreat centres in several countries, including France, the U.S., Australia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Hong Kong. Additional practice centres and associated organizations Nhất Hạnh and the Order of Interbeing established in the US include Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York; the Community of Mindful Living in Berkeley, California; Parallax Press; Deer Park Monastery (Tu Viện Lộc Uyển), established in 2000 in Escondido, California; Magnolia Grove Monastery (Đạo Tràng Mộc Lan) in Batesville, Mississippi; and the European Institute of Applied Buddhism in Waldbröl, Germany. (The Maple Forest Monastery (Tu Viện Rừng Phong) and Green Mountain Dharma Center (Ðạo Tràng Thanh Sơn) in Vermont closed in 2007 and moved to the Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush.) The monasteries, open to the public during much of the year, provide ongoing retreats for laypeople, while the Order of Interbeing holds retreats for specific groups of laypeople, such as families, teenagers, military veterans, the entertainment industry, members of Congress, law enforcement officers and people of colour.

According to the Thích Nhất Hạnh Foundation, the charitable organization that serves as the Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism's fundraising arm, as of 2017 the monastic order Nhất Hạnh established comprises over 750 monastics in 9 monasteries worldwide.

Nhất Hạnh established two monasteries in Vietnam, at the original Từ Hiếu Temple near Huế and at Prajna Temple in the central highlands.

Writings
Nhất Hạnh has published over 130 books, including more than 100 in English, which as of January 2019 had sold over five million copies worldwide. His books, which cover topics including spiritual guides and Buddhist texts, teachings on mindfulness, poetry, story collections, and scholarly essays on Zen practice, have been translated into more than 40 languages as of January 2022. In 1986 Nhất Hạnh founded Parallax Press, a nonprofit book publisher and part of the Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism.

During his long exile, Nhất Hạnh's books were often smuggled into Vietnam, where they had been banned.

Later activism
In 2014, major Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Anglican, Catholic and Orthodox Christian leaders met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they signed called for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking by 2020. Nhất Hạnh was represented by Chân Không.

Nhất Hạnh was known to refrain from consuming animal products as a means of nonviolence toward animals.

Christiana Figueres has said that Nhất Hạnh helped her overcome a personal crisis and develop the deep listening and empathy required to facilitate the Paris Agreement on climate change.

Relations with Vietnamese governments
Nhất Hạnh's relationship with the government of Vietnam varied over the years. He stayed away from politics, but did not support the South Vietnamese government's policies of Catholicization. He questioned American involvement, putting him at odds with the Saigon leadership, which banned him from returning to South Vietnam while he was abroad in 1966.

His relationship with the communist government ruling Vietnam was tense due to its atheism, though he had little interest in politics. The communist government viewed him with skepticism, distrusted his work with the overseas Vietnamese population, and restricted his praying requiem on several occasions.

Return visits to Vietnam 2005–2007

In 2005, after lengthy negotiations, the Vietnamese government allowed Nhất Hạnh to return for a visit. He was also allowed to teach there, publish four of his books in Vietnamese, and travel the country with monastic and lay members of his Order, including a return to his root temple, Tu Hieu Temple in Huế. Nhất Hạnh arrived on 12 January after 39 years in exile. The trip was not without controversy. Thich Vien Dinh, writing on behalf of the banned Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (UBCV), called for Nhất Hạnh to make a statement against the Vietnamese government's poor record on religious freedom. Vien Dinh feared that the government would use the trip as propaganda, suggesting that religious freedom is improving there, while abuses continue.

Despite the controversy, Nhất Hạnh returned to Vietnam in 2007, while the heads of the UBCV, Thich Huyen Quang and Thich Quang Do, remained under house arrest. The UBCV called his visit a betrayal, symbolizing his willingness to work with his co-religionists' oppressors. Võ Văn Ái, a UBCV spokesman, said, "I believe Thích Nhất Hạnh's trip is manipulated by the Hanoi government to hide its repression of the Unified Buddhist Church and create a false impression of religious freedom in Vietnam." The Plum Village website listed three goals for his 2007 trip to Vietnam: to support new monastics in his Order; to organize and conduct "Great Chanting Ceremonies" intended to help heal remaining wounds from the Vietnam War; and to lead retreats for monastics and laypeople. The chanting ceremonies were originally called "Grand Requiem for Praying Equally for All to Untie the Knots of Unjust Suffering", but Vietnamese officials objected, calling it unacceptable for the government to "equally" pray for South Vietnamese and U.S. soldiers. Nhất Hạnh agreed to change the name to "Grand Requiem For Praying". During the 2007 visit, Nhất Hạnh suggested ending government control of religion to President Nguyen Minh Triet. A provincial police officer later spoke to a reporter about this incident, accusing Nhất Hạnh of breaking Vietnamese law. The officer said, "[Nhất Hạnh] should focus on Buddhism and keep out of politics."

During the 2005 visit, Nhất Hạnh 's followers were invited by Abbot Duc Nghi, a member of the official Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam, to occupy Bat Nha monastery and continue their practice there. Nhất Hạnh's followers say that during a sacred ceremony at Plum Village Monastery in 2006, Nghi received a transmission from Nhất Hạnh and agreed to let them occupy Bat Nha. Nhất Hạnh's followers spent $1 million developing the monastery, building a meditation hall for 1,800 people. The government support initially given to his supporters is now believed to have been a ploy to get Vietnam off the US State Department's Religious Freedom blacklist, improve chances of entry into the World Trade Organization, and increase foreign investment.

In 2008, during an interview in Italian television, Nhất Hạnh made some statements regarding the Dalai Lama that his followers claim upset Chinese officials, who in turn put pressure on the Vietnamese government. The chairman of Vietnam's national Committee on Religious Affairs sent a letter that accused Nhat Hanh's organization of publishing false information about Vietnam on its website. It was written that the posted information misrepresented Vietnam's policies on religion and could undermine national unity. The chairman requested that Nhất Hạnh's followers leave Bat Nha. The letter also stated that Abbot Duc Nghi wanted them to leave. "Duc Nghi is breaking a vow that he made to us... We have videotapes of him inviting us to turn the monastery into a place for worship in the Plum Village tradition, even after he dies — life after life. Nobody can go against that wish," said Brother Phap Kham. In September and October 2009, a standoff developed, which ended when authorities cut the power, and followed up with police raids augmented by mobs assembled through gang contacts. The attackers used sticks and hammers to break in and dragged off hundreds of monks and nuns. "Senior monks were dragged like animals out of their rooms, then left sitting in the rain until police dragged them to the taxis where 'black society' bad guys pushed them into cars," a villager said in a phone interview. Two senior monks had their IDs taken and were put under house arrest without charges in their home towns.

Religious approach and influence

Nhất Hạnh combined a variety of teachings of Early Buddhist schools, Mahayana Buddhist traditions of Yogācāra and Zen, and ideas from Western psychology to teach mindfulness of breathing and the four foundations of mindfulness, offering a modern perspective on meditation practice. His presentation of the Prajnaparamita in terms of "interbeing" has doctrinal antecedents in the Huayan school of thought, which "is often said to provide a philosophical foundation" for Zen.

Nhất Hạnh completed new English and Vietnamese translations of the Heart Sutra in September 2014. In a letter to his students, he said he wrote these new translations because he thought that poor word choices in the original text had resulted in significant misunderstandings of these teachings for almost 2,000 years.

Nhất Hạnh has also been a leader in the Engaged Buddhism movement (he is credited with coining the term), promoting the individual's active role in creating change. He rephrased the five precepts for lay Buddhists, which were traditionally written in terms of refraining from negative activities, as committing to taking positive action to prevent or minimize others' negative actions. For example, instead of merely refraining from stealing, Nhất Hạnh wrote, "prevent others from profiting from human suffering or the suffering of other species on Earth" by, for example, taking action against unfair practices or unsafe workplaces.King, pp. 26–27. He credited the 13th-century Vietnamese Emperor Trần Nhân Tông with originating the concept. Trần Nhân Tông abdicated his throne to become a monk and founded the Vietnamese Buddhist school of the Bamboo Forest tradition.

Called "the Father of Mindfulness", Nhất Hạnh has been credited as one of the main figures in bringing Buddhism to the West, and especially for making mindfulness well known in the West. According to James Shaheen, the editor of the American Buddhist magazine Tricycle: The Buddhist Review, "In the West, he's an icon. I can't think of a Western Buddhist who does not know of Thich Nhất Hạnh." His 1975 book The Miracle of Mindfulness was credited with helping to "lay the foundations" for the use of mindfulness in treating depression through "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy", influencing the work of University of Washington psychology professor Marsha M. Linehan, the originator of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). J. Mark G. Williams of Oxford University and the Oxford Mindfulness Centre has said, "What he was able to do was to communicate the essentials of Buddhist wisdom and make it accessible to people all over the world, and build that bridge between the modern world of psychological science and the modern healthcare system and these ancient wisdom practices – and then he continued to do that in his teaching." One of Nhất Hạnh's students, Jon Kabat-Zinn, developed the mindfulness-based stress reduction course that is available at hospitals and medical centres across the world, and as of 2015, around 80% of medical schools are reported to have offered mindfulness training. As of 2019, it was reported that mindfulness as espoused by Nhất Hạnh had become the theoretical underpinning of a $1.1 billion industry in the U.S. One survey determined that 35% of employers used mindfulness in practices in the workplace.

Nhất Hạnh was also known for his involvement in interfaith dialogue, which was not common when he began. He was noted for his friendships with Martin Luther King Jr. and Thomas Merton, and King wrote in his Nobel nomination for Nhất Hạnh, "His ideas for peace, if applied, would build a monument to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity". Merton wrote an essay for Jubilee in August 1966 titled "Nhất Hạnh Is My Brother", in which he said, "I have far more in common with Nhất Hạnh than I have with many Americans, and I do not hesitate to say it. It is vitally important that such bonds be admitted. They are the bonds of a new solidarity ... which is beginning to be evident on all five continents and which cuts across all political, religious and cultural lines to unite young men and women in every country in something that is more concrete than an ideal and more alive than a program." The same year, Nhất Hạnh met with Pope Paul VI and the pair called on Catholics and Buddhists to help bring about world peace, especially relating to the conflict in Vietnam. According to Buddhism scholar Sallie B. King, Nhất Hạnh was "extremely skilled at expressing their teachings in the language of a kind of universal spirituality rather than a specifically Buddhist terminology. The language of this universal spirituality is the same as the basic values that they see expressed in other religions as well".

Final years

In November 2014, Nhất Hạnh experienced a severe brain hemorrhage and was hospitalized. After months of rehabilitation, he was released from the stroke rehabilitation clinic at Bordeaux Segalen University. In July 2015, he flew to San Francisco to speed his recovery with an aggressive rehabilitation program at UCSF Medical Center. He returned to France in January 2016. After spending 2016 in France, Nhất Hạnh travelled to Thai Plum Village. He continued to see both Eastern and Western specialists while in Thailand, but was unable to verbally communicate for the remainder of his life.

In November 2018, a press release from the Plum Village community confirmed that Nhất Hạnh, then 92, had returned to Vietnam a final time and would live at Từ Hiếu Temple for "his remaining days". In a meeting with senior disciples, he had "clearly communicated his wish to return to Vietnam using gestures, nodding and shaking his head in response to questions". In January 2019, a representative of Plum Village, Sister True Dedication, wrote:

While it was clear Nhất Hạnh could no longer speak, Vietnamese authorities assigned plainclothes police to monitor his activities at the temple.

Death
Nhất Hạnh died at his residence in Từ Hiếu Temple on 22 January 2022, at age 95, as a result of complications from his stroke seven years earlier. His death was widely mourned by various Buddhist groups in and outside Vietnam. The Dalai Lama, South Korean President Moon Jae-in and the U.S. State Department also issued words of condolence.

His five-day funeral, which began on the day of his death, had a seven-day wake that culminated with his cremation on 29 January. In a 2015 book, Nhất Hạnh described what he wanted for the disposition of his remains, in part to illustrate how he believes that he "continues" on in his teachings:

At the conclusion of the 49-day mourning period, Nhất Hạnh's ashes were portioned and scattered in Từ Hiếu Temple and temples associated with Plum Village.

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 How to Sit, Parallax Press, 2014. .
 Is nothing something?: Kids' questions and zen answers about life, death, family, friendship, and everything in between, Parallax Press 2014. .
 Living Buddha, Living Christ, Riverhead Trade, 1997. .
 Love Letter to the Earth, Parallax Press, 2012. .
 Mindful Movements: Ten Exercises for Well-Being, Parallax Press 2008, .
 No Death, No Fear, Riverhead Trade reissue, 2003. .
 No Mud, No Lotus: The Art of Transforming Suffering, Parallax Press, 2014. .
 Old Path White Clouds: Walking in the Footsteps of the Buddha, Parallax Press, 1991. .
 Old Path, White Clouds: Walking in the Footsteps of the Buddha, Blackstone Audio, Inc.; 2016. .
 Our Appointment with Life: Sutra on Knowing the Better Way to Live Alone, Parallax Press, 1990. .
 Peace Is Every Step: The Path of Mindfulness in Everyday Life, Bantam reissue, 1992. .
 Reconciliation: Healing the Inner Child, Parallax Press, 2010. .

 Silence: The Power of Quiet in a World Full of Noise, HarperOne (1705), 2015. ASIN: B014TAC7GQ.
 Teachings on Love, Full Circle Publishing, 2005. .
 The Art of Communicating, HarperOne, 2013. .
 The Art of Living: Peace and Freedom in the Here and Now, HarperOne, 2017. .
 The Art of Power, HarperOne, 2007. .
 The Blooming of a Lotus, Beacon Press, 2009. .
 The Diamond That Cuts Through Illusion, Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Diamond Sutrs, Parallax Press, 1992. .
 The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching, Broadway Books, 1999. .
 The Heart Of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra, Full Circle, 1997. ,  (2005 edition).
 The Miracle of Mindfulness, Rider Books, 1991. .
 The Miracle of Mindfulness: A Manual on Meditation, Beacon Press, 1999.  (Vietnamese: Phép lạ của sự tỉnh thức).
 The Moon Bamboo, Parallax Press, 1989. .
 The Novice: A Story of True Love, HarperCollins, 2011. .
 The Other Shore: A New Translation of the Heart Sutra with Commentaries, Palm Leaves Press, 2017. .
 The Path of Emancipation: Talks from a 21-Day Mindfulness Retreat, Unified Buddhist Church, 2000. .
 The Pocket Thich Nhat Hanh, Shambhala Pocket Classics, 2012. .
 The Raft Is Not the Shore: Conversations Toward a Buddhist/Christian Awareness, Daniel Berrigan (Co-author), Orbis Books, 2000. .
 The Sun My Heart, Parallax Press, 1988.
 Thich Nhat Hanh: Essential Writings, Robert Ellsberg (Editor), Orbis Books, 2001. .
 Touching the Earth: Intimate Conversations with the Buddha, Parallax Press, 2004. .
 Transformation and Healing: Sutra on the Four Establishments of Mindfulness, Full Circle, 1997. .
 True Love: A Practice for Awakening the Heart, Shambhala Publications, 1997. .
 Under the Banyan Tree, Full Circle Publishing, 2008. .
 Understanding Our Mind, HarperCollins, 2006. .
 Vietnam: Lotus in a sea of fire. New York, Hill and Wang. 1967.
 You Are Here: Discovering the Magic of the Present Moment, Shambhala Publications, 2010. .
 Your True Home: The Everyday Wisdom of Thich Nhat Hanh, Shambhala Publications, 2011. .
 Zen Keys: A Guide to Zen Practice, Harmony, 1994. .
 Zen and the Art of Saving the Planet, HarperCollins, 2021. .

Awards and honours
Nobel laureate Martin Luther King Jr. nominated Nhất Hạnh for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1967. The prize was not awarded that year. Nhất Hạnh was awarded the Courage of Conscience award in 1991.

Nhất Hạnh received 2015's Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award.

In November 2017, the Education University of Hong Kong conferred an honorary doctorate upon Nhất Hạnh for his "lifelong contributions to the promotion of mindfulness, peace and happiness across the world". As he was unable to attend the ceremony in Hong Kong, a simple ceremony was held on 29 August 2017, in Thailand, where John Lee Chi-kin, vice-president (academic) of EdUHK, presented the honorary degree certificate and academic gown to Nhất Hạnh on the university's behalf.

In popular culture

Films
Nhất Hạnh has been featured in many films, including:

 The Power of Forgiveness, shown at the Dawn Breakers International Film Festival
 Walk with Me, a documentary directed by Marc James Francis and Max Pugh, and supported by director Alejandro González Iñárritu. Filmed over three years, Walk with Me focuses on the Plum Village monastics' daily life and rites, with Benedict Cumberbatch narrating passages from Fragrant Palm Leaves in voiceover. The film was released in 2017, premiering at SXSW Festival.
 One: The Movie: Nhất Hạnh and Chân Không appear in this documentary that surveys beliefs on the meaning of life.
 A Cloud Never Dies: a biographical documentary produced by Pugh and Francis and narrated by Peter Coyote.

Graphic novel
Along with Alfred Hassler and Chân Không, Nhất Hạnh is the subject of the 2013 graphic novel The Secret of the 5 Powers.

Sculpture
Nhất Hạnh was among 25 humanitarians featured in Remember Them: Champions for Humanity, a bronze monument by artist Mario Chiodo unveiled in Oakland, California, on 31 May 2013. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Maya Angelou, Helen Keller, Rosa Parks, and Harvey Milk were among the personalities included in the sculpture.

See also

 Buddhism in Vietnam
 Buddhist crisis
 Vietnamese Thiền
 List of peace activists
 Religion and peacebuilding

Explanatory notes

References

External links

 Order of Interbeing
 Parallax Press – founded by Thich Nhat Hanh
 Plum Village – Thich Nhat Hanh's monastery
 Sangha Directory – List of communities practicing in Thich Nhat Hanh's tradition

1926 births
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This program is 100% supported by donors, sponsors and partners.
$10 will help purchase a memory card, which can then be used on countless project sites.
$25 covers the cost of photo prints for one student, prints which are displayed during the student exhibitions.
$100 adds a point-and-shoot digital camera to our equipment inventory and will be used to teach photography to hundreds of youth.
$150 covers the cost of one student to participate in the four-week, hands-on photography workshop.
Our instructors are professional photographers imparting real-world wisdom, instruction and inspiration to our students.
To sign up for the workshops, please visit this link.
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This program is 100% supported by donors, sponsors and partners. Consider giving and making a tremendous difference and impact in the lives of a young person.


Nature's Access has several goals that it intends to achieve.
Our first goal is recognize the power and authority of God. He is the creator of all things we have. Only through the Trinity do we exist, thrive and live eternally. We give thanks for our blessings and recognize the gift of Nature that God has provided.
Second, our goal is to share with as many people as possible, information on wild edible plants and survival in the wild.
Plants can sustain life in numerous ways. Obviously, they provide nutrition. But they can also provide heat, shelter, tools and medicine.
Knowing basic compass reading, first aide, fire starting, preparation, injury prevention and risk assessment is also crucial to survival in the wilderness. Even in the Michigan woods where you don't expect to run into trouble, you can, people do, and the results have been deadly. Dehydration, hypothermia and heat injuries take lives every year. We strive to provide information that is useful to you as you head out into Natural Environments.
Please attend one of our classes if you are in the Grand Rapids Michigan area. Classes will resume in 2017.
Another goal is to help people with disadvantages experience the outdoors. Nature provides peace and serenity. There are many challenges provided by Nature. Some, we take for granted or don't see them as challenges, but for some people, they are insurmountable. Hiking down a trail, fishing, hunting, camping, exploring are things not everyone can do on their own. We intend to assist when ever we can. Let us know if you know someone with a disadvantage that is keeping them out of Nature. We will do our best.
We do need your help. Especially in the arena of helping the disadvantaged enjoy the outdoors. We have no intentions of allowing finances from stopping anyone from participating in an outdoor activity. Kids and adults alike. From physical to mental, from single moms to aging outdoors men or women, what ever obstacle that presents itself, we will help.
You can help us by buying a product, such as a Nature's Access Calendar.
Or by Donating to our GoFundMe Page. Nature's Access for Everyone.
Thank you very much for visiting Nature's Access.


"It is obvious that the food system needs fixing. It is much less obvious how this should be done. The sheer size and complexity of the system can seem overwhelming; and the power of some of the corporations and governments involved is daunting. They can and must take urgent action to change the policies and practices that play a huge part in the broken food system.
With this report, we bring this big picture down to a more manageable size. We show the connections between the global food system and the things we do every day. We show how households, acting together, can make a difference." Click here to read: 'The Food Transformation: Harnessing consumer power to create a fair food future'.


Creative strives to offer excellent career opportunities and employee conditions in order for our employees to find the right work/life balance for their next career move. We recognize that their hard work and dedication are the driving force behind our success, and we continually look for additional ways to reward them. Our employees enjoy competitive pay and excellent benefits, along with a positive work environment built on mutual respect and professionalism.
If you are looking for a career with varied opportunities, the chance to make a difference, and where strong social values are shared and rewarded, Creative Web Solutions has much to offer.
We make all our employees work on live projects under the guidance of experts having 10+ years of experience. Training plus commitments are Creative's policy.
Creative recognizes the importance of balancing business with the environment. With a vision to be a leader of sustainability initiatives in our industry, we have taken many proactive steps in reducing our carbon footprint.
Our culture describes the fair, objective way in which Creative Web Solutions recruits people and the values we share when they join us.
Please note: Candidates will require to give technical / practical test first. On clearing same will be eligible for personal interview.
At Creative, we give you the opportunities to work with a wide range of technology platforms and to develop creative innovations across the globe.
We shall endeavor to go beyond customer expectations by delivering Value Added Quality Software services, On-Time, through experienced and skilled employees by constant upgrading tools and technologies in an affordable budget.
A number of positions are always open in our company where you will be recruited, trained and developed in your specific area.
Please be aware that there are a number of employment scams being affected nowadays. All interactions from Creative Web Mall (India) Pvt Ltd regarding job posting, will come from the Creativewebsols.com domain.
Creative Web Solutions will never ask you to pay or to purchase anything as a condition of employment.


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College of Architecture Announces Increase of Professorship to Endowed Chair
A gift from F. Marie Hall from Midland created the first endowed chair in the Texas Tech College of Architecture.
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New Facilities Open for Program Boosting Architectural Diversity
A partnership between Texas Tech and El Paso Community College offers first bachelor's degree in architecture to El Paso, Juarez region.
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Chess Grandmaster to Address Spring 2007 Commencement Class
More than 2,570 students will receive diplomas during Texas Tech University commencement ceremonies slated for 9 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. at the United Spirit Arena, 1701 Indiana Ave. in Lubbock.
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United States Postal Service Awards Texas Tech Instructor
Architecture professor receives national recognition.
© 2023 Texas Tech UniversityMay 2, 2018 9:16 AM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Patrick Weigel Once Again On The Cusp Of The Majors
By Gabe Burns
The Braves have seen plenty of breakout prospects over the past couple of years, and while the team was ushering in arm after arm during its 2018 postseason run, one of its once coveted pieces remained sidelined.
Patrick Weigel dominated in Double-A, earning a promotion to Triple-A in May 2017 that put him within grasp of his MLB debut. Then, an MRI revealed two tears in his ulnar collateral ligament, including one which stemmed from years before, that necessitated shutting him down. Once poised for his MLB debut, he underwent Tommy John surgery in June 2017 and spent the next 13 months recovering. The Braves have played it extremely conservative with Weigel this season, and his early returns have been encouraging.
Now 24, Weigel earned a 1.72 ERA with 16 strikeouts against nine walks over seven games with Double-A Mississippi. He was yet again promoted to Triple-A earlier in May, again putting him on the footsteps of the majors. His starts have hovered around three innings, or the 50-pitch mark, as the organization lets him slowly re-integrate.
"I hadn't seen him, but what we'd heard about him, how he's fully healthy—but again, he'd missed a significant amount of time, so we're going to be careful," Braves manager Brian Snitker said before the season. "He's full-go. He's ready to go. We'll take it easy with him as we get him going, amped up."
Weigel's velocity is back in the mid- to upper 90s. He needs to cut down on the walks, but there's been plenty reason to be optimistic during his brief outings. If he continues this trajectory, the Braves could certainly plug the 6-foot-6, 240-pound Weigel—who's already on the 40-man roster—into their bullpen sometime later this summer.
He appeared in just two spring training games, but Snitker brought Weigel up unprompted several times, mentioning how the physically imposing righty could factor into their plans down the line. Given the revolving door that is the team's bullpen, a healthy Weigel's debut feels inevitable.
That'd be quite a comeback after the California native saw his dream ripped away, triggering a year of rigorous rehab while his peers made their own debuts. But as he grows closer to recapturing the promise that made him the organizational minor league pitcher of the year in 2016, so does the reality of him contributing at the highest level.
— Hard-throwing righthander Huascar Ynoa was simultaneously promoted to Triple-A with Weigel. Also on the 40-man roster, Ynoa made three starts with high Class A Florida and only six appearances with Double-A Mississippi before getting another promotion. Ynoa sits in the mid- to upper 90s with a swing-and-miss slider, making him an obvious relief candidate if he performs well. He needs to cut down on contact allowed, but Ynoa's repertoire makes him intriguing. The Braves acquired Ynoa from Minnesota in 2017 as part of the Jaime Garcia trade.
— Righthander Ian Anderson, who entered the season as the Braves' No. 1 pitching prospect, is off to a mediocre start in Double-A. He's walked 28 batters in 35.2 innings, though the strikeouts (47) and opponent average (.200) is more positive.
— Less-heralded lefty Joey Wentz has struggled in Double-A, allowing 29 hits and walking 17 batters in 30 innings. He did carry a no-hitter into the seventh inning in an early May start, but Wentz's lacking velocity needs to be compensated by pinpoint command (especially with his changeup)—an inconsistent area thus far through seven games.
Top MLB Prospects Hot Sheet (7/9/19)
Ranking baseball's 20 hottest prospects over the last week, beginning with a Braves lefty and a power-hitting Astros prospect.
Baseball America Prospect Report -- July 2, 2019
The left side of the infield shows out today, with Bobby Dalbec, Royce Lewis, Brett Baty and more making our daily prospect report.
RHP Prospect Rankings 2018
An elite group of RHP prospects is arriving soon.
Jake Bauers Gets Back On Track In May
After a slow start at Triple-A, Jake Bauers is finding his way.
In order to access this exclusive content you must have a Baseball America Account.


To make your party the most memorable, we offer confetti in various colors. You can even put this colored foil confetti inside the latex balloons to create a glittering, eye-catching environment. Sprinkling confetti over your tables can also play up your party's theme in a fabulous way. Our foil confetti is available in packages of 1.5 oz. at competitive prices.


The works on display have been produced at the UMCS Institute of Fine Arts in Lublin under supervision of Professor Jan Gryka. The majority of the artists are in their third year. The common theme of all the works is self-portrait. The works, with their intimate character, have given some artists an opportunity for psychological self-reflection; for others, they address the search for one's own place in society. They are also a way of playing with one's own image. Their essence lies in demonstrating how young artists interpret themselves and the world around them. The object is the shared medium. The students have made use of such materials as plaster, modelling clay, fabrics and ready-made objects.


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taliban: US should not interfere in Afghan affairs, says Taliban leader – Times of India
December 26, 2021 Rutuja Mishra World 0
KABUL: Senior member of Taliban-appointed Afghanistan government on Sunday warned the United States not to interfere in the country's internal affairs, stating that "it is an independent country and it is making decisions independently."
Tolo News reported that the deputy minister of foreign affairs for political affairs, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai pointed out the withdrawal of US forces from Bagram Airfield in August and said that "American soldiers fled from Afghanistan in the dark of the night."
He said that the country is independent now and that the last four months have been the first time in four decades for Afghanistan in which Afghans are making their decisions independently, as per the local media outlet.
After the fall of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan led by Ashraf Ghani and the Taliban taking control of the country in mid-August, most Afghans want to leave the war-torn nation as they fear repercussions from the group as well as dread the previous regime of the Taliban.
As the Taliban took control of Afghanistan once again after 20 years, experts also believe that Afghan women are most likely to face an uncertain future under the terrorist group regime.
The Afghan economy going from bad to worse since the Taliban's takeover of Kabul, and it could shrink by 30 per cent or more in the coming months, International Monetary Fund (IMF) had warned.
As per a report published in Asia Times, since the Taliban has overthrown the democratically elected government in Afghanistan, the financial condition of the country is continuously moving towards a total economic collapse.
See also Without firm school mask mandate deadlines, 'we can sleepwalk into indefinite masking,' says Harvard professor
Intercity bus lines look to win over wary travelers with upgraded, expanded services
Rekha remained in my husband Vinod Mehra's life till the end: Wife Kiran Mehra – Exclusive! – Times of India


Fresh: Serve on fettuccine tossed with extra-virgin olive oil and grated lemon rind.
these scallops are to die for! this dish easily cost less than $30... which you'd pay for one dinner entree of scallops at a restaurant! the key is to make sure your scallops are rinsed and patted dry. the tomatoes cooked perfectly in the oven in 10-12 minutes. i added fresh angel hair pasta and made this a meal. will make over and over again!
Best scallop recipe I've ever made. Cast iron pan is crucial to its success. Don't skip the basil either. I thought this might be a bit bland but instead it was elegantly simple. Served with sauteed fresh spinach and garlic bread. Will try next time with the lemon fettucine. Definitely going into my repertoire.
Lacked punch. Scallops are delicious cooked like this but didn't add to the recipe for the price. I'd use salmon grilled and use dish, minus scallops. Grilled tomatoes were delicious; basil was too. Dish was really pretty. I'd try again as side dish with only l/2 c pasta..forgot to add lemon rind. I'd add garlic to dish. Parmesan added nothing; I'd try Asiago. Served with cukes and Birds Eye steamfresh brocolli, carrots, sugar snap peas, water chestnut...good and colorful and 35 cal for 3/4 c.
Very quick and easy to make meal. I added the zest and juice of two lemons along with a sprinkling of Asiago cheese. I also peppered and salted the noodles a bit more than the recipe suggested. Overall, a good and filling meal!
This was a great hit! The flavor of the fresh basil was delicious and the lemon peel in the pasta was subtle and added a nice touch. Will definitely make again.
Nothing special. Not worth the cost of scallops!


Pastor Michael McBride (known as "Pastor Mike") is a native of San Francisco and has been active in ministry for over 20 years. Throughout the years, Pastor McBride's commitment to holistic ministry can be seen through his leadership roles in both the church and community organizations.
A graduate of Duke University's Divinity School, with an emphasis in Ethics and Public Policy, Pastor McBride planted The Way Christian Center in West Berkeley, where he presently serves as the Lead Pastor. In March 2012, he became the National Director for the Lifelines to Healing/LIVE FREE Campaign with the PICO National Network, a campaign led by hundreds of faith congregations throughout the United States committed to addressing gun violence and mass incarceration of young people of color.
In 2013, Pastor McBride was selected as the #9 Top Clergy Leader to Watch in the US by the Center for American Progress. He has served on a number of local and national task forces with the White House and Department of Justice regarding gun violence prevention, boys and men of color and police-community relationships.
He is a regular guest on MSNBC, CNN and Al-Jazeera programs providing commentary for issues related to faith and racial justice. He is married to Cherise McBride and they have two beautiful daughters, Sarai and Nylah.
Charlottesville: Why did this happen and how do we move forward?


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Bridging the GAAP: Official launch of Guelph Arts Apprenticeship Program January 7
New tools make information more available for new and existing Guelph businesses
Celebrating design excellence in Guelph
City wins award for 2018 agriculture media tour
Home » Business » Economic Development » The Metalworks celebrates ribbon cutting and ground breaking
The Metalworks celebrates ribbon cutting and ground breaking
Guelph, Ont., May 8, 2017– Fusion Homes celebrated two major milestones in The Metalworks development today, cutting the ribbon on its 133-unit Phase 1 building and breaking ground on its 132-unit Phase 2 building, The Studio at the Metalworks.
Mayor Cam Guthrie joined Fusion Homes Chief Executive Officer Lee Piccoli for the event. "It's not every day I get to cut a ribbon and break ground on the same project, on the same day," said Mayor Guthrie. "I'm thrilled that The Metalworks is breathing new life into this property. I'm even more excited to welcome the hundreds of new residents who will be part of the incredible lifestyle downtown Guelph has to offer."
"Each new residential phase will bring more community members, more diversity and a more vibrant foundation to the site," said Piccoli. "Today marks the beginning of this new community and the start of its long and prosperous growth."
Phase 1 of The Metalworks launched in late 2014, and as planned, Fusion Homes broke ground exactly one year later – last week residents began moving into the building. The first building includes a Concierge Service, Party Room, Pet Spa, Fitness Room, an Outdoor Courtyard, and a 50ft Wide River Walk along the Speed River. All of these amenities will also be available to the residents of the second phase.
The Phase 2 building consists of 132 suites and is expected to be completed in early 2019. This phase will add additional amenities to the community, including a Chef's Kitchen, Dining Room, Outdoor Fire Pit, Guest Suite, Lounge, and Recharge Retreat.
In addition to the monumental ground breaking and ribbon cutting, Fusion Homes recently announced that the centuries old heritage building located on The Metalworks site will be fully restored, housing a craft distillery, restaurant, and office space, taking inspiration from the history of the site.
The Metalworks is located on the site of the former W.C. Wood plant, which operated there from 1956 until 2009. The site's industrial heritage dates back to the 1830's, when the land was home to a distillery that was part of Allan's Mill. It later was the site of a series of hardware and metal products manufacturers.
With five high-density building phases, the creation of new public space and the restoration of a significant heritage resource as part of the development, The Metalworks plays a significant role in meeting the objectives of the community's Downtown Secondary Plan.
The City of Guelph supported the project through its Brownfield and Downtown Guelph Community Improvement Plans, which include policies, tools, and tax-increment based incentives to promote the remediation of property and increase the number of people living and working downtown. Fusion Homes collaborated with the Ward Residents' Association and the City of Guelph throughout the planning process to ensure the development is compatible with the character of the Ward neighbourhood.
About Fusion Homes
Lee Piccoli founded Fusion Homes with the sole purpose of creating a home building company that could offer the highest level of service, reliability, and integrity. A fresh vision to create superior homes without sacrificing quality or service in an industry full of cost cutting competitors.
Since then, Fusion Homes has evolved into an industry leader with over 2,000 homes built in 5 cities across Ontario and an unprecedented 6 Tarion Awards of Excellence for Satisfaction.
"I get a tremendous feeling of satisfaction," says Piccoli, "seeing an empty piece of land evolve into a community; a place where strangers become neighbours."
For more information, visit fusionhomes.com.
About Invest in Guelph
Invest in Guelph represents the business development outcomes associated with the City of Guelph's economic development strategy, Prosperity 2020. The purpose is to position and promote Guelph, Ontario as an investment ready and responsive community. Promoting the continued development of downtown Guelph is a major component of Prosperity 2020. For more information on the services provided by Business Development and Enterprise at the City of Guelph, please visit guelph.ca/business.
Andrew Monachino
Associate Marketing Manager
Fusion Homes
amonachino@fusionhomes.com
Peter Cartwright
Business Development and Enterprise
peter.cartwright@guelph.ca
This entry was posted in Business, Economic Development on May 8, 2017 .
Last Updated: December 17, 2019.
Ash tree and buckthorn removals in Westwood sugartree woodlot start February 10
Family fun at the symphony with The Barber of Seville


There should be 2 people on the Forum Desk at all times, with backup working along the row from Left to Right. The person in the IF column should check the LCFG Check and Buzzsaw emails on Monday morning for any machines that need attention.
The person on 'AT' duties should make AT tickets/jobs their priority, but only needs to be present in AT-4.11 from 2pm to 4pm during semester (all day for the first couple of weeks of semester), and not during holidays or the Festival of Creative Learning. The AT person is also responsible for UniDesk tickets. They can also help out with IF tickets if time available.
The AT person will attend the Staff/Student Liaison Meeting normally in AT-7.14 at 1pm on Wednesdays during teaching blocks.
The backup person is backup for both IF and AT.
WFH means Working From Home.
Richard will be WFH on Tuesdays unless otherwise indicated.
Ross will be off Wednesday afternoons unless otherwise indicated.
Adam finishes at 3pm on Wednesdays.


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Home/Electronics/ChatGPT Pro is here: Here's what we know so far.
ChatGPT Pro is here: Here's what we know so far.
Getty Images/NurPhoto
If you try chatting with AI Sensation ChatGPT At some point recently, you may have seen the error message "Not enough space". The explosive popularity of chatbots can make accessing services very difficult. I enjoy chatting with AI and writing essays, but take a testsome people want to guarantee access so that their chatbots can be used for professional purposes.
Also: How to start using ChatGPT
Earlier this month, OpenAI announced on its Discord server that it may soon offer a paid version of ChatGPT with an option called ChatGPT Professional.Ah waiting list Posted on the server, OpenAI details what these pro users expect.
The professional service, described by OpenAI as "experimental," is "always available (no blackout window)," provides "rapid response from ChatGPT (i.e., no throttling)," provide a reasonable number of messages (at least twice as many as normal). daily limit)
The waitlist also states that if selected, OpenAI will contact you individually to set up a payment process and pilot.
Now it looks like OpenAI has picked an early access user to share some insights with.
Also: ChatGPT passed the MBA exam.this is how
Early access user Zahid Khawaja shared a video on Twitter of running a test prompt on the pro version, which runs much faster than the free version accessible to the general public. In the video, Khawaja indicated a monthly subscription fee of $42.
It is not yet clear how OpenAI decided on the $42/month fee. Perhaps it's another reference to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. But in December, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said the average cost of each response was "single-digit cents," but "Watery eyecomputational cost. The software giant's recent agreement with Microsoft to invest billions in his OpenAI over the next few years will probably help, too.
Despite its popularity, ChatGPT is not the only AI chatbot on the market. The $42/month price tag has some users looking for other alternatives that may be more cost-effective and just as efficient.
ChatGPT has yet to reveal information about when the professional version will be available, stating, "Unfortunately, ChatGPT Professional access is not available for subscriptions at this time."
However, if you want to stay up to date, we recommend filling out ChatGPT. waiting list form.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/chatgpt-pro-is-coming-heres-what-we-know-so-far/#ftag=RSSbaffb68 ChatGPT Pro is here: Here's what we know so far.
KYZEN Celebrates Leaping Water Suite 16th Anniversary at APEX 2023
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Mitch McConnell responds to Trump: "There are no good neo-Nazis"
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell on Wednesday responded to President Trump's suggestion a day earlier that there were "very fine people, on both sides" in Charlottesville last weekend.
"There are no good neo-Nazis, and those who espouse their views are not supporters of American ideals and freedoms. We all have a responsibility to stand against hate and violence, wherever it raises its evil head," the Kentucky Republican said in a statement.
McConnell didn't explicitly call out the president in his statement, which also said that white supremacist, neo-Nazi and KKK groups are planning a rally in Lexington, Kentucky.
"Their messages of hate and bigotry are not welcome in Kentucky and should not be welcome anywhere in America," he said.
Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wisconsin, tweeted Tuesday, "We must be clear. White supremacy is repulsive. This bigotry is counter to all this country stands for. There can be no moral ambiguity."
A number of GOP lawmakers also tweeted or issued similar statements, with many not addressing Mr. Trump directly. Some more moderate members, on the other hand, did call him out by name.
During a press conference at Trump Tower Tuesday that was supposed to be a statement on infrastructure, the president again blamed both sides -- the white supremacists and the people protesting them -- for the Charlottesville violence like he did on Saturday after the terror attack.
"You have some very bad people in that group. But you also had people that were very fine people, on both sides. You had people in that group — excuse me, excuse me — I saw the same pictures as you did. You had people in that group that were there to protest the taking down of, to them, a very, very important statue and the renaming of a park from Robert E. Lee to another name," Mr. Trump said.


Bowls, Boxes & BasketsEco-friendly bowls, upcycled storage or even an ethical laundry basket. Whatever your needs we have the perfect storage solutions at Babame. The ReSpiin coloured bowls from green pioneer are perfect for colour sorting games, organising small toys and keeping surfaces clutter-free. The fair trade rice storage baskets with handles are a great alternative storage idea to replace plastic storage bins. And the sturdy woven baskets make a great ethical addition to your home that will enhance your decor and keep your living room tidy.
We have a gorgeous range of boxes bowls and baskets that are fairly traded from suppliers who maintain ethical standards right along the supply chain. Fair prices to farmers, artisans and factory workers, no child labour and respect for the environment and the resources it provides. Perfect for keeping shelves and table tops tidy and organised in true ethical style.
The ReSpiin mini bowls come in loads of great colourways. Each jute bowl is hand woven in Bangladesh. They are beautifully made, wonderfully tactile and perfect for all the family. Children will love them for colour sorting games and storing beads, balls and other small toys and they make a great little desk tidy or key bowl for adults. We also think they are particularly well suited to gift baskets and use them for a lot of our gift sets.
The producer pays a living wage and is committed to providing regular employment in factories that are safe and hygienic. There use of Jute to make the bowls also provides a far higher return for a sustainable local resource that is more commonly used as potato sacks.
The larger jute and seagrass baskets are perfect for toiletries or toilets paper in the bathroom. Or as the colours match the table mats they look great holding napkins or condiments on the dining room table. And while we are on dining tables the mango wood raised bowl is ideal for fruit storage as is the large natural teak bowl both of which have a stunning natural finish.
The Three Tier Hanging Baskets could be used for storage or plants to add a bit of greenery to your home. And we have lots of gorgeous decorative bowls made from recycled and reclaimed materials perfect for trinkets and treasures and general bits and bobs you arent quite sure where to put.
Because even laundry day can be made a little bit brighter with an ethical laundry basket to jazz up your laundry room. The multicolour Cotton and Jute Chindi Bag with its sturdy carrying handles is perfect for dirty laundry. Or toys or logs. We love the rainbow colours and the fact that it incorporates recycled/reclaimed materials, the perfect alternative to a wicker basket.
Jute is a truly environmentally sustainable that will grow fast without the need for pesticides and fertilizers. It will enrich the soil and remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere meaning you get a laundry basket with a very low carbon footprint.
The Large Carnival Rice Basket by Artisans Fair is also the perfect size for laundry. Its lightweight and collapsible to save space when not in use. Again its also perfect for toy storage or classroom storage. You could take it with you when you go shopping or even use it to cover an unsightly plant pot.
Made by artisans in Vietnam from seagrass. The fibre is sustainably harvested, flattened by hand, dyed and hand woven into baskets in a community centre or peoples homes. A versatile and durable basket youll wonder how you lived without.
Check out our laundry and cleaning section for environmentally laundry detergents to keep your clothing and washing machines clean and free of chemicals and ethical dilemmas.
If you are tired of ugly storage containers and cheap storage bins and would like a more eco-friendly way to store all your gorgeous toys from Babame then we have some lovely ideas for toy organisation. As already mentioned the jute mini bowls are great for smaller toys and get used a lot in play too.
The Penguin Toy Bag is great value and perfect for a childs bedroom or playroom. Its lightweight, strong and built to last. The handles make it easy to move about especially useful if you are storing under a shelf or table and its plastic lined for easy cleaning.
If you are looking for something a bit more grown up to tidy away toys in your living space at the end of the day we really rate the rice baskets for value, size and beauty.
As with the rest of our products, we offer free postage for orders over £40, fast delivery times and a no quibble returns policy if you send your goods back within 30 days. Meaning you can shop online with confidence at Babame.


Welcome to the information and booking page for this highly experiential presentation skills programme that in just 2 days will change forever the way you approach and deliver presentations.
Present with Confidence, designed by author, certified speaking professional and presentation skills coach Paul du Toit will give you the tools and skills you need to deliver your message to any audience – and get the results you want!
The programme combines lecture, video, discussion, recording, play back and evaluation of delegates on course with pre-work and post course options.
Our Joburg venue: The Baobab Conference Centre, 72 Kenilworth Street, Kyalami Estates, Midrand.
Please see the online booking form on the right of this page.
London, United Kingdom – next date to be advised: £755 (includes VAT) Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. For details and online booking info for our London event, please visit www.pauldutoit.co.uk.
Will this course improve my presentations and my confidence?
We provide an up-market venue including a delicious lunch, tea/coffees on both days. You get a high quality course manual, a set of double sided "top tip"pocket cards, a hard cover copy of Paul du Toit's acclaimed, internationally published book "You Can Present With Confidence"and a beautiful certificate of attendance.
To attend or nominate delegates for a particular date, please complete and submit the online booking form on the right hand side of this page, ensuring that all *compulsory fields have been completed. Or phone us on +2711 804 3520 for assistance.
Terms: Payment must be received in full prior to attendance of our public programmes.
If you have between 6 and 12 delegates for the same dates, please call us on +2711 804 3520 to discuss our in-house options. We also arrange workshops nationally and in-house for corporates. Please email us on pdt@congruence.co.za for a quotation or use the contact us form on this website.


Haven't found the right listing? There are 30 other Salons in Westerville. Click here!
Glitter Me Beauty Bar can be found at 6357 Hamilton Rd . The following is offered: Salons . In Westerville there are 30 other Salons. An overview can be found here.


text:
package dima;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
import org.apache.commons.cli.GnuParser;
import org.apache.commons.cli.OptionBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
import org.apache.mahout.math.DenseVector;
import org.apache.mahout.math.RandomAccessSparseVector;
import org.apache.mahout.math.SequentialAccessSparseVector;
import org.apache.mahout.math.Vector;
import org.apache.mahout.math.Vector.Element;
import org.apache.pig.ResourceSchema.ResourceFieldSchema;
import org.apache.pig.data.BagFactory;
import org.apache.pig.data.DataBag;
import org.apache.pig.data.DataType;
import org.apache.pig.data.Tuple;
import org.apache.pig.data.TupleFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

// This code is taken from the Code for the Elephant Bird Toolset
// originally this class com/twitter/elephantbird/pig/mahout/VectorWritableConverter.java

/**
 * Supports conversion between Pig {@link Tuple} and Mahout {@link VectorWritable}. See
 * {@link #VectorWritableConverter(String[])} for recognized options.
 *
 * The Pig Tuple schema used to represent vector data is determined by the specified options. For
 * instance, if options {@code -dense} and {@code -cardinality 2} are specified, the following
 * schema is assumed:
 *
 *

 * (double, double)
 *

 *
 * If option {@code -sparse} is specified without option {@code -cardinality}, the following schema
 * is assumed:
 *
 *

 * (cardinality: int, entries: {entry: (index: int, value: double)})
 *

 *
 * If options {@code -sparse} and {@code -cardinality} are both specified, the following schema is
 * assumed:
 *
 *

 * (entries: {entry: (index: int, value: double)})
 *

 *
 * Otherwise, no schema is assumed, and organization of vector Tuple data is inspected at runtime.
 *
 *

 * Example usage:
 *
 *

 * %declare SEQFILE_LOADER 'com.twitter.elephantbird.pig.load.SequenceFileLoader';
 * %declare SEQFILE_STORAGE 'com.twitter.elephantbird.pig.store.SequenceFileStorage';
 * %declare INT_CONVERTER 'com.twitter.elephantbird.pig.util.IntWritableConverter';
 * %declare VECTOR_CONVERTER 'com.twitter.elephantbird.pig.mahout.VectorWritableConverter';
 *
 * -- store DenseVector
 * pair = LOAD '$data' AS (key: int, val: (v1: double, v2: double));
 * STORE pair INTO '$output' USING $SEQFILE_STORAGE (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER'
 * );
 *
 * -- store DenseVector with floats
 * pair = LOAD '$data' AS (key: int, val: (v1: float, v2: float));
 * STORE pair INTO '$output' USING $SEQFILE_STORAGE (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER -- -floatPrecision'
 * );
 *
 * -- store RandomAccessSparseVector data
 * pair = LOAD '$data' AS (key: int, val: (cardinality: int, entries: {entry: (index: int, value: double)}));
 * STORE pair INTO '$output' USING $SEQFILE_STORAGE (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER'
 * );
 *
 * -- store SequentialAccessSparseVector data with the -sequential flag
 * pair = LOAD '$data' AS (key: int, val: (cardinality: int, entries: {entry: (index: int, value: double)}));
 * STORE pair INTO '$output' USING $SEQFILE_STORAGE (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER -- -sequential'
 * );
 *
 * -- load DenseVector data, specifying schema manually
 * pair = LOAD '$data' USING $SEQFILE_LOADER (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER'
 * ) AS (key: int, val: (f1: double, f2: double, f3: double));
 *
 * -- load DenseVector data with known cardinality; Schema defined by SequenceFileLoader
 * pair = LOAD '$data' USING $SEQFILE_LOADER (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER -- -dense -cardinality 2'
 * );
 *
 * -- load *SparseVector data; Schema defined by SequenceFileLoader
 * pair = LOAD '$data' USING $SEQFILE_LOADER (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER -- -sparse'
 * );
 *
 * -- load *SparseVector data with known cardinality; Schema defined by SequenceFileLoader
 * pair = LOAD '$data' USING $SEQFILE_LOADER (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER -- -sparse -cardinality 2'
 * );
 *

 *
 * Note that conversion of vector data is also supported in cases where it may be desirable to
 * process data in sparse Pig vector format, but input Mahout vector data is actually dense:
 *
 *

 * pair = LOAD '$dense_vectors' USING $SEQFILE_LOADER (
 *   '-c $INT_CONVERTER', '-c $VECTOR_CONVERTER -- -sparse'
 * );
 *

 *
 * @author Andy Schlaikjer
 */
public class MahoutVectorConverter {

    private static final String CARDINALITY_PARAM = "cardinality";
    private static final String DENSE_PARAM = "dense";
    private static final String SPARSE_PARAM = "sparse";
    private static final String SEQUENTIAL_PARAM = "sequential";
    private static final String FLOAT_PRECISION_PARAM = "floatPrecision";
    private final TupleFactory tupleFactory = TupleFactory.getInstance();
    private final BagFactory bagFactory = BagFactory.getInstance();
    private final boolean dense;
    private final boolean sparse;
    private final Integer cardinality;
    private final boolean sequential;
    private final boolean floatPrecision;

    /**
     * Default options used.
     *
     * @throws ParseException
     */
    public MahoutVectorConverter() throws ParseException {
        this(new String[] {});
    }

    /**
     * The following options are recognized:
     *
     *

     *
{@code -cardinality n}

     *
Vectors are expected to have cardinality {@code n}.

     *
{@code -dense}

     *
Vectors are expected to be dense. This option and options {@code -sparse},
     * {@code -sequential} are mutually exclusive.

     *
{@code -sparse}

     *
Vectors are expected to be sparse. This option and option {@code -dense} are mutually
     * exclusive.

     *
{@code -sequential}

     *
Sparse vector data should be stored using {@link SequentialAccessSparseVector}. This option
     * and option {@code -dense} are mutually exclusive.

     *
{@code -floatPrecision}

     *
Vector data should be loaded/stored using float precision.

     *

     *
     * @param args options passed in from {@link SequenceFileLoader}.
     * @throws ParseException
     */
    public MahoutVectorConverter(String[] args) throws ParseException {

        Preconditions.checkNotNull(args);
        CommandLine cmdline = parseArguments(args);
        cardinality =
                cmdline.hasOption(CARDINALITY_PARAM) ? new Integer(
                        cmdline.getOptionValue(CARDINALITY_PARAM)) : null;
        dense = cmdline.hasOption(DENSE_PARAM);
        sequential = cmdline.hasOption(SEQUENTIAL_PARAM);
        Preconditions.checkState(!(dense && sequential),
                "Options '-dense' and '-sequential' are mutually exclusive");
        sparse = cmdline.hasOption(SPARSE_PARAM) || sequential;
        Preconditions.checkState(!(dense && sparse),
                "Options '-dense' and '-sparse' are mutually exclusive");
        floatPrecision = cmdline.hasOption(FLOAT_PRECISION_PARAM);
    }

    private CommandLine parseArguments(String[] args) throws ParseException {
        return new GnuParser().parse(getOptions(), args);
    }

    /**
     * @return Options to parse from {@code String[] args} on construction.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("static-access")
    protected Options getOptions() {
        Options options = new Options();
        options.addOption(OptionBuilder.withLongOpt(CARDINALITY_PARAM).hasArg().withArgName("n")
                .withDescription("Expected cardinality of vector data.").create());
        options
                .addOption(OptionBuilder
                        .withLongOpt(DENSE_PARAM)
                        .withDescription(
                                "If specified along with cardinality, reported LOAD schema will be dense.")
                        .create());
        options.addOption(OptionBuilder.withLongOpt(SPARSE_PARAM)
                .withDescription("If specified, reported LOAD schema will be sparse.").create());
        options.addOption(OptionBuilder
                .withLongOpt(SEQUENTIAL_PARAM)
                .withDescription(
                        "If specified, Pig vector data will be converted to"
                                + " SequentialAccessSparseVector data on STORE."
                                + " Otherwise, RandomAccessSparseVector is used.").create());
        options.addOption(OptionBuilder.withLongOpt(FLOAT_PRECISION_PARAM)
                .withDescription("If specified, float precision will be used when writing output data.")
                .create());
        return options;
    }

    protected Tuple toTuple(Vector v, ResourceFieldSchema schema) throws IOException {

        Preconditions.checkNotNull(v, "Vector is null");

        // check cardinality
        int size = v.size();
        if (cardinality != null) {
            Preconditions.checkState(cardinality == size,
                    "Expecting cardinality %s but found cardinality %s", cardinality, size);
        }

        // create Tuple
        Tuple out = null;
        if (v.isDense()) {
            // dense vector found
            if (sparse) {
                // client requested sparse tuple rep
                out = toSparseVectorTuple(v);
            } else {
                out = toDenseVectorTuple(v);
            }
        } else {
            // sparse vector found
            if (dense) {
                // client requested dense tuple rep
                out = toDenseVectorTuple(v);
            } else {
                out = toSparseVectorTuple(v);
            }
        }
        return out;
    }

    protected Tuple toDenseVectorTuple(Vector v) {
        List<Number> values = Lists.newArrayListWithCapacity(v.size());
        for (Element e : v.all()) {
            values.add(floatPrecision ? (float) e.get() : e.get());
        }
        return tupleFactory.newTupleNoCopy(values);
    }

    protected Tuple toSparseVectorTuple(Vector v) {
        DataBag bag = bagFactory.newDefaultBag();

        for (Element e : v.nonZeroes()) {
            bag.add(tupleFactory.newTupleNoCopy(Lists.<Number> newArrayList(e.index(),
                    floatPrecision ? (float) e.get() : e.get())));
        }
        return cardinality != null ? tupleFactory.newTupleNoCopy(ImmutableList.of(bag)) : tupleFactory
                .newTupleNoCopy(ImmutableList.of(v.size(),
                        bag));
    }

    protected Vector toVector(Tuple value) throws IOException {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(value, "Tuple is null");
        Vector v = null;
        if (isSparseVectorData(value)) {
            v = convertSparseVectorDataToVector(value);
        } else {
            validateDenseVectorData(value);
            v = convertDenseVectorDataToVector(value);
        }
        return v;
    }

    private static boolean isSparseVectorData(Tuple value) throws IOException {
        assertNotNull(value, "Tuple is null");
        if ((1 == value.size() && DataType.BAG == value.getType(0))
                || (2 == value.size() && DataType.INTEGER == value.getType(0) && DataType.BAG == value
                .getType(1)))
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    private Vector convertSparseVectorDataToVector(Tuple value) throws IOException {
        Vector v;

        // determine output vector size and fetch bag containing entries from input
        int size = 0;
        DataBag entries = null;
        if (value.size() == 2) {
            // cardinality defined by input
            size = (Integer) value.get(0);
            if (cardinality != null) {
                // cardinality defined by VectorWritableConverter instance
                size = cardinality;
            }
            entries = (DataBag) value.get(1);
        } else {
            Preconditions.checkNotNull(cardinality, "Cardinality is undefined");
            size = cardinality;
            entries = (DataBag) value.get(0);
        }

        // create vector, allowing conversion of sparse input vector data to dense output vector
        if (dense) {
            // TODO(Andy Schlaikjer): Test for OOM before it happens
            v = new DenseVector(size);
        } else {
            // more efficient to build sparse vector with this impl
            v = new RandomAccessSparseVector(size);
        }

        // populate vector
        for (Tuple entry : entries) {
            validateSparseVectorEntryData(entry);
            int i = (Integer) entry.get(0);
            // check index bounds
            if (i < 0 || i >= size) {
                //counterHelper.incrCounter(Counter.INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, 1);
                continue;
            }
            double n = ((Number) entry.get(1)).doubleValue();
            v.setQuick(i, n);
        }

        // convert to (sparse) sequential vector if requested
        if (sequential) {
            v = new SequentialAccessSparseVector(v);
        }

        return v;
    }

    private static void validateSparseVectorEntryData(Tuple value) throws IOException {
        assertNotNull(value, "Tuple is null");
        assertTupleLength(2, value.size(), "tuple");
        assertFieldTypeEquals(DataType.INTEGER, value.getType(0), "tuple[0]");
        assertFieldTypeIsNumeric(value.getType(1), "tuple[1]");
    }

    private static void validateDenseVectorData(Tuple value) throws IOException {
        assertNotNull(value, "Tuple is null");
        for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
            assertFieldTypeIsNumeric(value.getType(i), "tuple[" + i + "]");
        }
    }

    private Vector convertDenseVectorDataToVector(Tuple value) throws IOException {
        Vector v;

        // determine output vector size
        int size = value.size();
        int minSize = size;
        if (cardinality != null && cardinality != size) {
            // cardinality specified on construction overrides instance cardinality
            size = cardinality;
            if (minSize > size) {
                minSize = size;
            }
        }

        // allow conversion of dense vector data to sparse vector
        if (sparse) {
            // this ctor used to pre-alloc space for entries
            v = new RandomAccessSparseVector(size, size);
            for (int i = 0; i < minSize; ++i) {
                v.setQuick(i, ((Number) value.get(i)).doubleValue());
            }
        } else {
            double[] values = new double[size];
            for (int i = 0; i < minSize; ++i) {
                values[i] = ((Number) value.get(i)).doubleValue();
            }
            // this ctor uses values directly, no copying performed
            v = new DenseVector(values, true);
        }

        return v;
    }

    private static void assertNotNull(Object value, String msg, Object... values) throws IOException {
        if (value == null) {
            throw new IOException(String.format(msg, values));
        }
    }

    private static void assertFieldTypeEquals(byte expected, byte observed, String fieldName)
            throws IOException {
        if (expected != observed) {
            throw new IOException(String.format("Expected %s of type '%s' but found type '%s'",
                    fieldName, DataType.findTypeName(expected), DataType.findTypeName(observed)));
        }
    }

    private static void assertFieldTypeIsNumeric(byte observed, String fieldName) throws IOException {
        switch (observed) {
            case DataType.INTEGER:
            case DataType.LONG:
            case DataType.FLOAT:
            case DataType.DOUBLE:
                break;
            default:
                throw new IOException(String.format("Expected %s of numeric type but found type '%s'",
                        fieldName, DataType.findTypeName(observed)));
        }
    }

    private static void assertTupleLength(int expected, int observed, String fieldName)
            throws IOException {
        if (expected != observed) {
            throw new IOException(String.format("Expected %s of length %s but found length %s",
                    fieldName, expected, observed));
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
(-) Remove Legislative filter Legislative
He's No Ronald Reagan
On July 29, 1981, barely six months into his presidency and in the face of an economic crisis of historic proportions, Ronald Reagan succeeded in persuading both houses of Congress to pass dramatic tax cuts that set the stage for nearly three decades of vigorous economic growth...
Conservatism Revived
What did the midterm elections prove? That Americans yearn for enduring principles—and dislike being pushed around. By Peter Berkowitz.
How Obama Can Win Back The Public
The President should take a page from Francois Mitterand. . . .
Through a Chinese screen
In the Age of Discontinuity, published by Harper & Row at the height of the Vietnam War and some 25 years after the end of World War Two, management guru Peter Drucker wrote about managing change when there is a total disconnect between the past as we perceive it and the present evolving into the future. . . .
Medical Analysis By Milton Friedman
President Obama, the press, all the Democrats and a fair number of the Republicans in Congress share the same assumption about health care...
The Man from Kinderhook
Research | Articles | by Chris Gibson
During a distinguished Army career, Chris Gibson, who spent a year as a Hoover national security fellow, displayed brains, determination, and courage. Now he's testing his mettle in Congress.
'Basically an Optimist'—Still
The Nobel economist says the health-care bill will cause serious damage, but that the American people can be trusted to vote for limited government in November. . . .