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The Edwardians: Play of the Month: An Ideal Husband (BBC1, 1969)
Posted by John Wyver ⋅ 28 April 2014 ⋅ 1 Comment
Filed Under BBC, Edwardian drama, Oscar Wilde, Play of the Month, Rudolph Cartier
This Thursday, 1 May, sees the start of our new season of BFI Southbank screenings, Classics on TV: Edwardian Drama on the Small Screen (the link takes you to full details). We begin with a tremendous double bill of Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband in a sumptuous 1969 version directed by Rudolph Cartier together with a – dare I say unmissable – rarity from 1960: a BBC schools production of J. M. Synge's Riders to the Sea with Sybil Thorndike and Sean Connery. (There are still some tickets available; go here to book.) My colleague Amanda Wrigley is composing a post about Synge's one-act poetic drama; this contribution is simply an introduction to the Wilde.
You might also be interested to note that An Ideal Husband is the focus of two papers at our half-day Screen Plays symposium on Friday 23 May. This free event at BFI Southbank will explore some of the issues raised by the season. We are delighted that in 'An Ideal Husband – a realistic marriage? Wilde, feminism and Britain', Dr Michelle Paull, Senior Lecturer in Drama at St Mary's University, London, will discuss the production in terms of its cultural and sociopolitical context in 1969, reflecting on this modern engagement with the 'New Woman' of this period. Complementing this paper, Dr Leah Panos, Postdoctoral Researcher on the Spaces of Television: Production, Site and Style project at the University of Reading, will speak on 'Colour, Cartier and An Ideal Husband', examining this production as one of the earliest major dramas from the BBC in colour and discussing Cartier's early commitment to colour television.
The play in 1895
Oscar Wilde's play, which takes place across a single evening and the following day, is a society drama in which a prominent politician, Sir Robert Chiltern, is threatened with blackmail by a beautiful woman with a past, Mrs Cheveley. Mrs Cheveley threatens to reveal a secret from Chiltern's youth, when he made a serious error of judgement, unless Chiltern speaks in the House of Commons in favour of an investment scheme that he knows to be fraudulent.
The play opened in London at the Haymarket Theatre on 3 January 1895, and quickly became a huge hit. In his Saturday Review notice George Bernard Shaw wrote, 'In a certain sense Mr Wilde is to me our only thorough playwright. He plays with everything: with wit, with philosophy, with drama, with actors and audience, with the whole theatre.' (quoted in Michael Holroyd, Bernard Shaw, London: Vintage, 1998, p. 593) Wilde's even more successful The Importance of Being Earnest premiered just six weeks later on 14 February.
In April, however, Wilde was arrested for 'gross indecency' and his name was taken off An Ideal Husband. There was a short transfer to the Criterion Theatre but by the end of the month the play had closed. As a consequence of these events, the play is often seen as having strong autobiographical concerns, with its themes of society's attitudes to past sins, the dangers of blackmail and the importance of forgiveness. At the same time, it is a fascinating drama about the relations between the sexes and of attitudes towards the aristocracy.
Peter Raby has written of the play:
Wilde worked within the theatre conventions of his time, and with the world he knew, even if he did not belong to it. He saw it as a fantastic masquerade, highlighting aspects of English public life which themselves inhabited the dimension of theatre: the smart dance, the country house party, the Chilterns's reception. […] In An Ideal Husband, the idea of 'real' life as theatre is especially powerful, with Chiltern's off-stage 'performance' in the House of Commons glowingly reviewed in The Times the following day. […] Morality, public and private, is brought into question […], and found wanting quite as radically as in the 'stronger' dramas of Ibsen. ('Wilde's comedies of Society', in Peter Raby, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Oscar Wilde, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 157-158)
The production in 1969
Jeremy Brett and Susan Hampshire in An Ideal Husband
Producer Hal Burton mounted a BBC television production of An Ideal Husband in December 1958 (now lost), and there was an opulent feature film version directed by Alexander Korda in 1947, with Paulette Goddard as Mrs Cheveley and lavish gowns by Cecil Beaton. The opportunity for visual excess was similarly embraced by director Rudolph Cartier when he came to mount the play in the studio for producer Cedric Messina and the Play of the Month strand in early 1969. The recording was made in colour, which today looks spectacular, even though BBC1, on which the production was first broadcast on 11 May 1969, did not start regular colour broadcasts until November that year.
As with many of Messina's productions, the casting is impeccable. Mrs Cheveley is given calm, calculation and a certain grandeur before her inevitable fall by Margaret Leighton, who was successfully negotiating a career on the stage and in feature films on both sides of the Atlantic. Jeremy Brett's is the other stand-out performance, in the second-lead role of Viscount Goring, faithful friend to Chiltern and the architect of Mrs Cheveley's defeat, for which he is rewarded with hand of Chiltern's sister Mabel, played by Susan Hampshire.
In the Guardian, Stanley Reynolds was ambivalent in his response to the production:
It was perhaps not much of an intellectual choice for a Play of the Month, but it was not much more melodramatic than a lot of highly regarded modern television. One could compare it, say, The Troubleshooters or The Power Game, two highly melodramatic series which are always curiously being praised for their realism. ('Weekend television', The Guardian, 12 May 1969, p. 6)
By far the most substantive engagement with the production to date is that by Dr Billy Smart in his (as yet unpublished) thesis, 'Old Wine in New Bottles – Adaptation of Classic Theatrical Plays on BBC Television 1957-1985' (Royal Holloway College, 2010). (Billy is a contributor to this blog and a much-valued friend of Screen Plays, and he is giving the keynote lecture to our symposium on 23 May.) His detailed discussion compares Rudolph Cartier's deployment of multiple cameras within the studio with the approach of Messina as director in the later Play of the Month: Pygmalion (1973):
Cartier's directorial technique demonstrates a greater awareness of the possibilities of studio technique to comment upon the action of a play, and I present it here as an exemplary production in its use of finely realised period detail to achieve dramatic effects, as an interpretation that works on deeper levels than the surface aesthetic visual pleasure of Messina's production. Cartier's directorial approach is manifested through a great degree of forethought given to the implications of space and the positioning of performers. (p. 142)
An Ideal Husband deploys a unified colour scheme with a sense of detail and boldness rarely subsequently attempted in television drama. Each separate space has a décor of a specific colour, which signifies a particular emotional state and the differing degree to which action occurs in public or private. […] Throughout the play, the colours used are of much bolder and more striking hues thanthe watercolour shades of comparable 1980s BBC productions of Wilde (Lady Windermere's Fan, 1985, The Importance of Being Earnest, 1988, both for Theatre Night, BBC2). (pp. 147-148)
Billy Smart also comments on the production's notable changes to Wilde's text. For the most part, the television version is faithful to the stage version, although an element from the start of Act III with Lord Goring and his butler is transposed to provide a striking opening for the television version. Act IV, however, is substantially shortened, and for reasons – apart from a reduction in running time – that are not apparent. The most crucial cut is the offer of a place in the cabinet for Sir Robert. Instead Chiltern and his wife jointly decide that he should retire from public life. As Smart reflects:
In the original text Sir Robert and Lady Chiltern briefly discuss the nature of love and duty once Lord Goring and Mabel have left the room, then kiss. In the Play of the Month version, a butler appears to announce that "Luncheon is on the table, milady!" and the reconciled and newly engaged couples leave the room together arm in arm, creating an impression of resolution and harmony similar to that found at the end of a Shakespeare comedy. The effect of this alteration on the complexity of Wilde's play would be akin to a production of [Ibsen's] A Doll's House that concluded with the relief of the threat of exposure to Torvald and cut the subsequent dialectical discussion between husband and wife about the nature of marriage. (pp. 149-150)
« The True Mistery of the Passion in Bristol Cathedral (BBC, 1960)
The Edwardians: J. M. Synge's Riders to the Sea (BBC, 1960) »
Pingback: Two Edwardian dramas: 1 'Play of the Month: An Ideal Husband' (BBC1, 11 May 1969) | Forgotten Television Drama - 15 January 2016


Your guide to the latest and best soundbars of 2019. Check out our reviews and buyer's guide on the top soundbars for this year.
Soundbars give your TV audio quality that matches the picture. These long units are designed to sit below, in front or above your TV, whether it's mounted on the wall or on a stand. They contain two or more speakers, and may have a separate subwoofer that produces the lower frequency sounds. Others use clever ways to produce bass all in the one cabinet.
That's all great, especially if you're wanting the best sound for something like the World Cup. If you're upgrading your TV as well, check out our guide to this year's best TVs.
Many people are unhappy with the sound quality delivered by their flatscreen TV, but fears of a difficult setup routine and a mess of unsightly wires mean they are unwilling to install a surround-sound system. Perhaps they simply don't have a big enough room.
Not all soundbars replicate surround, by they do offer a convenient, relatively compact solution for getting better quality audio in your living room.
Consider how the soundbar will connect to your TV. The most common method is to use an optical cable, also known as Toslink. Most modern TVs support this, but be sure to check before choosing your soundbar.
Some soundbars have HDMI inputs, which can be convenient, but do the same job as Toslink.
You should also check that this output will route all incoming audio from connected devices such as Blu-ray players and games consoles, as well as the internal TV tuner. This way, to hear audio from all your devices you need to have only one cable going to your soundbar.
Most soundbars have other inputs, including a 3.5mm minijack and/or stereo phono jacks. These take analogue feeds and allow you to play audio from just about any device, including phones and tablets.
However, if you'd prefer the convenience of wirelessly playing music from a mobile device, look for built-in Bluetooth. By this method though, be aware that unless your mobile device and soundbar both support aptX, the default codec within the A2DP standard, sound quality won't be as good.
Should I get a separate subwoofer?
A standalone soundbar will be unable to offer full-range sound, so many come with a separate subwoofer. This produces the deep bass required by movie special effects such as explosions. You can get away without a subwoofer if you'll mostly be watching dialogue heavy programmes.
Subwoofers are either active or passively powered. Passive models don't have a built-in amp, so do not require mains power. These rely on an extra amp in the soundbar.
Active subwoofers have their own amp, so require an external power source. They can wirelessly receive audio though, so you can place them away from the soundbar without trailing wires. Watch out for soundbars that put all the inputs on the sub. This is an advantage if your TV and soundbar are to be wall-mounted and the cables would otherwise have to run to the soundbar.
What soundbar specifications are important?
Don't pay much attention to manufacturers' amplifier power figures. Even when they're accurately described, watts don't directly translate to volume, since the speaker sensitivity also affects things. Some brands rightly avoid printing power figures.
The number of speakers isn't that important either. If you're after a convincing surround-sound effect, be sure to read reviews rather than rely on makers' claims. Also, don't confuse terms such as '3D sound' or 'spatial sound' with surround sound. Some soundbars use Dolby Virtual Speaker technology, while others have their own names for pseudo-surround.
Can I wall mount a soundbar?
Most soundbars are limited in where they can be mounted If you plan to wall-mount, check this is an option. Some soundbars can be positioned at different angles; others will even convert into separate stereo speakers, should you want to chop and change.
The Playbar has been around for a while but it's still our favourite soundbar on the market.
It costs a lot of money but sometimes you get what you pay for. It looks great, is extremely well-built and has fantastic sound quality - plus has all the advantages you get with the Sonos experience.
We actually prefer it to the newer Playbase, namely on design but both are excellent products.
Read our Sonos Playbar review.
Read our Orbitsound ONE P70 review.
Read our Q Acoustics M3 Soundbar review.
There are better soundbars on the market, but they will cost you a lot more money so if you're budget doesn't stretch to the likes of Sonos then this is a great value option.
Samsung's M450 is a classic soundbar design with a wireless subwoofer providing bass. It's compact, wall-mountable and we like the hidden display and modern remote.
Overall, you get decent if not mindblowing sound that will improve upon almost any standard TV speakers. You also get plenty of connectivity including Bluetooth.
Read our Samsung HW-M450 review.
The Sky Soundbox is a odd device to review because the price varies so much depending on whether you're a Sky customer. If you are, the Soundbox is a steal at £299 or £249 for multi-screen subscribers.
It provides excellent audio and has some clever features, but the design makes it quite awkward to place and we'd rather it could do things like automatically change source.
But since several features are exclusive to Sky Q users, you're best off with a Sonos Playbar, saving you £100 - unless you join Sky.
Read our Sky Soundbox review.
The Playbase is expensive and you can certainly get a soundbar for a lot less if this is a problem.
Like with most Sonos products, you get you what pay for so the Playbase offers superior sound quality, design and all the additional features that Sonos has. This really comes down to design and whether you want to sit your TV on top of the speaker.
We still prefer the older Playbar, hence the lower chart position here.
Read our Sonos Playbase review.


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Edinburgh – anyone know of any good fabric shops?
My hubbies treated me to a short golfing break in Scotland. We're staying just outside Edinburgh, only here for 2 more nights but I'm hoping to squeeze some shopping in between the golf.
Can anyone recommend anywhere? I've found a couple on the internet, but wondered if there were any others tucked away, or any markets near by?
See Debi over at MyHappySewingPlace.com She lives there & has probably listed all the wonderful shops. Great blog, for all kinds of things. Enjoy your trip!
Sorry, wrong country… Although I would love to visit!
Next Post5 Weddings and hopefully no funerals!


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All about the Bull (Shark)
Written by Jenifer Chrisman on July 7, 2021..
"Many people continue to think of sharks as man-eating beasts. Sharks are enormously powerful and wild creatures, but you're more likely to be killed by your kitchen toaster than a shark!"
– Ted Danson
Included in the over 1,000 known species of sharks, there are 43 known species that will take an occasional swim in brackish or fresh water while hunting for food, as well as three known species of actual river sharks. Of those 43, only one shark is known to be able to survive in salt, brackish or fresh water for an extended time…the bull shark.
While the bull shark may appear a generic predator in comparison to a great white or hammerhead, it is anything but...
They can live up to 16 years in the wild and 25 years in captivity, as opposed to a great white, which has rarely been held in captivity for more than six months. Their size ranges between seven and 11.5 feet and they can weigh anywhere between 200 and 500 pounds.
Like all living organisms, their bodies need a specific salt-to-water ratio. For aquatic life, this presents a challenge, too much salt and they become dehydrated, too little salt and their cells become bloated, sometimes causing some of their bodies' chemicals to become fatally diluted. To counter this, the kidneys of salt water fish flush the excess salt and release it in their urine. Conversely, the kidneys of fresh water fish release very little salt. While this evolution has made fish adaptive to their fresh or salt water environments, they generally have little or no control over how much salt their kidneys release. Bull sharks, on the other hand, are capable of regulating their salt output, thus allowing them to hunt in salt, brackish and fresh water and survive in any of the three indefinitely. Added to that, they also use their rectal glands and livers to further help maintain the necessary balance.
Bull sharks can do more than just hunt in freshwater. In 1937, two fishermen caught a five-foot bull approximately 1,750 miles from the ocean up the Mississippi River, while another was found swimming 2,485 miles upriver in the Amazon. But their exceptional ability to adapt is most notable in a landlocked lake at the Carbrook Golf Club near Brisbane, Australia. Believed to have been swept in during a flood in 1996, six bull sharks remained trapped when the water between dried up. Since then, they have bred and an estimated 12 bulls now inhabit the 50-acre, stocked lake. Swimming in the lake with them is strongly discouraged, the largest is estimated around 10 feet in length, but the Club does offer a tribute to them, the "Shark Lake Challenge," held on the last Wednesday of every month.
Although shark attacks are ultra-rare (a person is more likely to be struck by lightning), don't let the bull shark's lack of eye-catching markings and generic facial features, which makes them difficult to distinguish, fool you. Bulls (#3), along with great whites (#1) and tigers (#2), are one of the three most likely candidates to attack humans. Known for frequenting shallow coastal waters and straying into brackish or fresh water, the bulls hunting brings them into human-populated areas all the time. And due to those same generic features, possibly causing a misidentification, some scientists believe bulls stand higher in the ranking of human attacks. But again, shark attacks are extremely rare. On average per year, there are 80 or less unprovoked attacks worldwide.
Although it has become more common knowledge in recent years, a great white is not the only possible real-life culprit that inspired the "Jaws" book (1974), written by Peter Benchley, and the blockbuster movie (1975) of the same name by Steven Spielberg. Despite capture of a great white with human remains in its stomach following the four shark related deaths in 1916 along the New Jersey shore, there were numerous inconsistencies. From the rarity of multiple attacks by just one shark (only two recorded), to two of the attacks taking place in the ocean, while the other two occurred in an inland creek (one approximately 10 miles from the nearest ocean bay), to the wound analysis of the victims, which suggested at least three different-sized sharks, just to name a few, it is likely more than one shark was involved. And in the case of the inland attacks, the malefactor is most likely a bull.
Not even hippos are immune to these predators. Although their ranking varies from list to list, hippos are considered one of the most dangerous animals in the world, causing an average of 500 deaths per year. They also are the third largest land mammal worldwide. At birth they average between 55 and 120 pound and are approximately 4.16667 feet in length. An adult male can reach as much as 9,920 pounds and up to 16.5 feet in length and 5.2 feet tall at the shoulder. In spite of this, bulls will sometime prey on young hippos and have been known to bite adults on occasion.
Of the 13 sharks tested for bite force, the bull shark has the most power. An adult bull can theoretically chomp down on its prey with over 2,000 newtons* at the front of its mouth and slightly under 6,000 newtons at the back of its mouth. This tremendous bite force allows bulls to tear through a wide range of prey, including skin, shell, scale and bone. By comparison a human's max biting force is between 900 and 1,300 newtons.
But their bite isn't just for catching prey; they also use it during mating. Male bulls reach sexual maturity between 14 and 15. Females can't start reproducing until they are 18. From 18 on, female bull sharks will sport bite scars behind their skulls as male partners grasp that area in order to hang on while they procreate.
In the words of Paul Watson, "The shark is the apex predator in the sea. Sharks have molded evolution for 450 million years. All fish species that are prey to the sharks have had their behavior, their speed, their camouflage, their defense mechanisms molded by the shark." And when it comes right down to it, the bull shark, regardless of its lack of physical distinction, is a unique and highly evolved predator, a real standout in the shark world.
· https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/538474/facts-about-bull-sharks
· https://www.sharksider.com/sharks-live-freshwater/
· https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/facts/bull-shark
· https://www.hippohaven.com/hippopotamus-weight/
· https://www.livescience.com/27339-hippos.html
· https://www.businessinsider.com/jaws-movie-inspiration-deadly-new-jersey-attacks-2019-8
· https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/massive-great-white-shark-journeys-far-into-south-carolina-inland-waterway/
· http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/saf_nj_maneater.htm
· https://www.hagginoaks.com/blog/shark-infested-golf-course/
· https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/shark#:~:text=There%20are%20more%20than%201%2C000,new%20species%20discovered%20every%20year.
· https://www.in-fisherman.com/editorial/sharks-in-illinois/154988
· https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/shark-attacks/yearly-worldwide-summary/
· https://www.sciencealert.com/what-are-the-worlds-15-deadliest-animals
· https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heaviest_land_mammals
· https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(unit)
*The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) named after Sir Isaac Newton and defined as the force which gives a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 metre per second, per second, 1 N = 1 kg·m/s2.
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Diary of a Sports Medicine Intern
By Rochelle Nicholls Jul. 30, 2004 , 8:00 AM
July, 1997: Perth, Western Australia:
NEW EMPLOYER:"?Working here at the Western Australian Institute of Sport, you and another of your colleagues will provide sports science services to each of the 16 sports we fund. You will each service half the sports."
NEW GRADUATE (ME):Excitement! Which sports am I going to work with: athletics, swimming, gymnastics?
NEW EMPLOYER:"And the first sport we would like you to become involved with is "(mental drum roll)"... baseball."
Sports Science Services and Western Australia Institute of Sport (WAIS)
"Service" is a standard term used in sporting institutes in Australia, meaning to provide sports science expertise to the coaches and athletes in the designated program. This may come in the form of testing (carrying out the tests, interpreting results, and writing reports), designing training programs, or managing injured athletes. WAIS is a state government?funded organization that provides coaching and sports science services to elite Olympic sport athletes in Western Australia as well as financial help. At present, more than 400 athletes are scholarship holders with WAIS, across more than 20 sports. Athletes are competitively selected on the basis of performance at the national and international levels, and, in the case of junior or sports development programs, talent identification and potential for future performance.
I felt my stomach hit the floor. Baseball! I didn't even know it was played in Australia! And what would a 21-year-old girl, born and raised in Australia, know about it? In 4 years of sports science study at the University of Canberra, everything about this American game had managed to completely circumvent me. I knew more about the biomechanics of croquet than I did of baseball. And now I was facing an expectant coach and a squad of teenage boys all watching me, and I could see in their eyes the vivacity of their dreams of becoming professional players in U.S. Major League Baseball (See box below). Gulp ...
Baseball Down Under
Australia has a national semipro baseball league in the summer, but because it receives no media coverage, it cannot compete with popular sports such as football (soccer). Most Australians are not aware this league exists, despite the fact it is populated with talented Australian players who play professional baseball in the United States for 10 months of the year, then return to Australia in the summer.
WAIS supports baseball at the junior level because no college baseball system exists in the country to foster young players. Despite the small pool, WAIS and other organizations produce a remarkable number of players for U.S. Major League Baseball teams.
Seven years on, I smile looking back at these moments of both panic and trepidation. I would never have thought these would be followed by a trip to the other end of the world (even less by a master's degree and Ph.D.) or that I would spend time chasing solutions to the biomechanical problems associated with baseball.
My Journey Begins
WAIS coaches and players refused to let me wriggle off the hook. They would occupy my office, having brought along their gloves, baseball magazines, and stories, and would question me endlessly. "Watch this," they'd say, "tell me why this technique works better with that bat than this one. ..." They would also plant a cap on my head and tow me out to the practice field: "See that guy? He's 6 feet tall and has an arm like a piece of elastic. So, why can't he throw a decent curveball?"
It could have put me off baseball altogether, but it had quite the opposite effect. Baseball and I became inseparable and my involvement with the sport has been the most enriching experience of my career. It has taken me all around the world. I have learned about the motions required to produce some of the most remarkable performances in sports: hitting home runs and throwing balls at close to 100 mph. I have begun to understand the effect on the human body of such performances--the stress on joints and the effect on soft and hard tissues. It was my job to develop training programs that would allow athletes to execute these performances while protecting them from the inherent musculoskeletal dangers.
I became more and more fascinated by the biomechanics of the game. How could a player generate 7000 degrees per second of angular rotation in the shoulder joint to throw a fastball without having his arm falling off? How come hitting a ball with a metal bat gives so much more speed than with a wooden one?
My interest grew to the point where I became frustrated at the lack of interest paid to the game by the sports science community in Australia and consequently the scarcity of opportunities. Unless you work at a sports institute itself, there is no chance of employment as a sports scientist for baseball in this country, as there is little interest from the universities in sponsoring research in this area. It became clear that if I wanted to really take part in the game, I had to go to the home of the game itself: the United States.
The American Sports Medicine Institute
The American Sports Medicine Institute (ASMI) in Birmingham, Alabama, provided the opportunity I was looking for. They have a student internship program that enables college and master's degree students to become involved in the clinical and applied biomechanics research programsthere. I found out about the ASMI laboratory because it had a reputation for restoring the careers of many injured major league hurlers.
Glenn Fleisig, co-founder of ASMI, is an internationally renowned expert on the biomechanics of throwing. He admits he was surprised to receive an enquiry from as far away as Western Australia and was even more surprised when the applicant actually turned up in January 1999. I arrived at ASMI shivering and blue with cold, having left the 110°F (43°C) heat of the Australian summer for the "depths" of a Birmingham winter. Here was true baseball mania!
Rochelle Nicholls with student. [Credit: Mike Oliver, ASMI]
The Science of Pitching
Fleisig's group were commencing a 2-year epidemiological and biomechanical investigation of the causes of shoulder and elbow pain in Little League pitchers when I arrived, and I was given a role in that study for 6 months. We decided to focus on the three following possibilities for the origin of pain:
1. Overuse (throwing too many pitches)
2. Overstress (throwing curveballs before the skeleton is mature)
3. Poor throwing technique.
With regard to poor throwing technique, we identified a list of 24 variables that constitute "proper" pitching technique, based on previous studies of several hundred elite professional and college players conducted at ASMI. These variables include stride length, trunk angle, elbow angle and height of elbow above shoulder, the timing of the actions (e.g., Did the players stride? Did hip rotation and shoulder rotation follow a smooth sequence?) and so on.
We then enrolled 200 children in the study and followed them for a season to see which ones felt pain and which didn't and to relate it to their technique. My task was to observe them at the baseball diamond while they were training, armed with "ordinary" video cameras. We obtained a videotape of the throwing mechanics of each, as well as upper-limb x-rays and records of how many and what type of pitches were thrown in all games and training over the season. I designed a technique analysis form to help me focus on all the important criteria. My goal was that it would be accurate enough to detect poor technique, helping me cross-check my results against a laboratory analysis of a subgroup of 20 players (given that it was impossible to film all 200 of them in the lab!).
So I put my cap on my head and my notebook under my arm in the mornings, sitting out behind a camera on the sunny windswept diamonds ? and took my suit and briefcase in the afternoons, welcoming subjects in our indoor laboratory at ASMI. We asked each of these players to throw 10 to 20 maximal-effect pitches while we recorded their pitch with our cameras. The lab is large enough to permit players to throw from a mound more than 13.4 metres (44 feet).
As illustrated in the photograph, plastic reflective markers were fitted onto the major joints in their bodies. The motion of these markers could be tracked using six infrared cameras filming at 200 frames per second while the player was throwing. We then used special software that can "join the dots" represented by the markers, to create a stick figure of the athlete. These make it relatively simple to measure joint angles and the speed and acceleration of each limb during the throwing motion and thus to calculate the forces at each joint.
Then came the long evenings of poring over computer-generated stick figures of people pitching and over video-stills. It was a lot of work, but it was fun and I enjoyed it. I was also able to attend ASMI's annual 3-day convention on "Injuries in Baseball," a timely reminder of the practical importance of the work our laboratory was undertaking.
Experiences Gained
The practical skills I gained during this 6-month study are still proving really useful in my biomechanics career. Not only did I learn about shoulder and elbow-joint motions during throwing and strength and conditioning programs, but I had the opportunity to meet more than 200 sports scientists, coaches, and orthopedic surgeons at the ASMI conference. One of these contacts led to my involvement in a 3-year investigation of the performance differences in wood and metal bats, including development of a 3D computer simulation to study bat performance.
In addition, I learned how to do videography, kinematics, and kinetic analysis techniques, and recruiting and retaining subjects. But what made my time at ASMI so special was the unique blend of supervision and autonomy the staff provided. ASMI recognized that independence of thought and action was an extremely important quality to be developed by graduate students, yet Fleisig's team provided me with practical training in many aspects of applied biomechanical research. I also developed an understanding that a career in biomechanics involves much more than a graduate certificate: practical experience is essential. It is not enough to know the theory, for instance, of inverse dynamics if you can't operate a camera or interpret a results chart in a way that a player (and in my case, his parents) will understand.
To me, ASMI is a model for the future of sports biomechanics. Close links with clinical practitioners--through ASMI co-founder and surgeon James Andrews--ensure that the research is not confined to the laboratory, but is effectively used in the prevention, management, and rehabilitation of injuries. Through the generosity of programs such as its Student Internship Program, ASMI provides a window through which college and graduate students can glimpse sports biomechanics at work, as well as inspiration for future careers in this sector.
Glossary of Sports Science Terms
Biomechanics: the science of movement. Biomechanics scientists study the motions inherent in many actions (everything from sporting performances to the mechanics of gait or the actions used by musicians, trapeze artists, or computer operators!). We also study the forces that cause motion or result from it (e.g., the ground-reaction forces produced when you walk and the forces in the shoulder joint when you throw a baseball).
Videography: the art or practice of effectively positioning and operating a video camera to study throwing technique (in the case of sports biomechanics)
Kinematics: the measure of the motion of body segments by placing markers on joints
Kinetic Analysis Techniques: methods for mathematically calculating joint forces from the angle and velocity of limb segments
Rochelle Nicholls, P.D., is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Western Australia and may be reached at rochelle@cyllene.uwa.edu.au.
Rochelle Nicholls


Ubuntu Manpage: vline - Draws a vertical line onto the bitmap. Allegro game programming library.
vline - Draws a vertical line onto the bitmap. Allegro game programming library.
Draws a vertical line onto the bitmap, from point (x, y1) to (x, y2).
in the `Differences between platforms' section for details.


Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum (LHAS) is an unusual condition, usually a benign condition and most often detected as an incidental finding on echocardiography. The classic finding is a homogenous, bi-lobed configuration of the interatrial septum with sparing of the fossa ovalis. This infiltration can also involve the septal tissue and has been associated with various atrial arrhythmias, including multifocal atrial tachycardia, multiple atrial premature contractions, atrial fibrillation and rarely even sudden death . Interatrial septal thickness <2 cm is considered diagnostic of LHAS .
The prevalence of LHIS is estimated to be between 1-8%. It usually occurs in older, obese people and there may be a higher incidence in women .
Differential diagnoses should be thought of when there is sparing of the fossa ovalis.
Fat-containing neoplasms can arise in the atrial septum including cardiac lipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma, cardiac myxoma, cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma and cardiac liposarcoma . Microscopically, LHIS is characterized by fat infiltration between the myocardial fibers of the atrial septum. LHIS also can create a mass-like bulge. There is typical sparing of the fossa ovalis .
With this case, the author reports the clinical presentation and association between atrial arrhythmia and LHAS in an otherwise healthy obese woman.
A 57-year-old obese woman was referred to our emergency department with complaints of palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue of brief duration. Her family history was unremarkable. Physical examination disclosed obesity (weight 94 kg, height 162 cm BMI 35,8). Systemic blood pressure was 130/84 mm Hg; heart rate (apical) was 120 beats/min and sometimes irregular and respiratory rate was 22 breaths/min and slightly labored. The cardiac apex was palpable in the fourth intercostal space at the left anterior axillary line. A mild systolic ejection murmur was heard at the base of the heart; it was associated with normal carotid impulses bilaterally. No diastolic murmurs or sounds were heard. The 12 leads ECG showed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response and nonspecific ST-T-wave changes (Figure 1). The patient was treated with Flecainide intravenous and a normal sinus rhythm was restored quickly. A second ECG recorded in normal sinus rhythm disclosed a by fascicular block pattern (left anterior hemiblock (LAHB) and incomplete RBBB) with a secondary anomaly of ventricular repolarization (Figure 2). A chest x-ray was normal. Therefore, the patient was discharged in good health with an indication to further cardiologic examination. Subsequently Two-dimensional Trans-Thoracic echocardiography with subcostal four-chamber showed a hyperechogenic mass in the interatrial septum revealed by thickening and increased echogenicity of the inferior and superior portions of the atrial septum with sparing of the fossa ovalis. There was no decrease in flow velocities of the superior and inferior vena cava nor a flow disturbance in the pulmonary veins. These findings were typical for fatty infiltrate and results in a "dumbbell-shaped" appearance on Two dimensional trans-thoracic echocardiography (2D TT).
Figure 2. Panel A and B Trans-thoracic echocardiogram showing lipomatous hypertrophy of the intra-atrial septum (arrow). Subcostal 4 chamber apical long axis view shows classic lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum (arrows).
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the heart is a benign and rare condition characterized by large fatty tissue deposits in the interatrial septum, usually extending to the atrial wall and rarely to the interventricular septum. The designation lipomatous is not properly correct because, unlike lipomas, the fatty lesions of LHIS are not encapsulated. Also, LHIS is characterized histologically by adipocyte hyperplasia, not hypertrophy. Furthermore, anatomic dissection studies have revealed that such ''septal'' fat is actually epicardial (extracardiac) . This condition is more common than true cardiac lipomas, occurring almost exclusively in elderly, obese patients and is usually asymptomatic. Available data indicate that this condition is more likely to be seen in the seventh to the eighth decade of life, more commonly in women and with age-associated increases of epicardial fat. It is rarely seen in the younger age group which mandate more extensive investigation to rule out a true neoplasm. As above mentioned, it is characterized histologically by the presence of granular or vacuolated fetal adipocytes and non-encapsulated, non-neoplastic mature fat cells. The absence of encapsulated fat cells and the presence of fetal fat cells distinguish it from lipoma [7,8]. LHAS abnormality was first described by Prior in 1964 .
Besides being usually benign and asymptomatic, a significant number of patients have been reported to have unexplained arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular (AV) block and sudden death . Therefore, in most patients, it represents an incidental echocardiographic finding requested for further examination after arrhythmias presentation . Noninvasive modalities have led to the identification of these masses, which may be mistaken for a tumor or other neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), trans-thoracic echocardiograms (TTE) and trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) allow simple non-invasive diagnostic imaging of the interatrial septum .
TTE diagnosis of LHAS is based on the classic morphology of the thickened, echogenic bi-lobed septal mass. A variety of other cardiac lesions such as lipomas, liposarcomas, metastatic tumors, myxomas and amyloidosis can also present as a septal tumor mass. However, LHAS always spares the foramen ovale. Surgical excision of the LHAS is reserved for patients who have a superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction or an intractable rhythm disturbance [13,14].
In conclusion, this case confirms that LHAS is an uncommon anomaly, due to benign deposition of fatty tissue within the interatrial septum, often diagnosed incidentally and usually not requiring intervention. However, LHAS must be included in the differential diagnosis of any right atrial mass, or any fat-containing neoplasm, and suspected as the cause of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in otherwise healthy, but obese persons, such as our patient. Surgical correction must be considered in cases of severe rhythm disorders or great vessel obstruction.
Pérez Arroyuelos I, Berástegui Imaz M, Canteli Padilla B, et-al. (2007) Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum associated with fatty replacement of the ventricular myocardium: a case report. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:152-4.
Cohen IS, Raiker K (1993) Atrial lipomatous hypertrophy: lipomatous atrial hypertrophy with significant involvement of the right atrial wall. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 6:30-4.
Kindman L A, Wright A, Tye T, Seale W, Appleton C (1988) Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum: Characterization by Transesophageal and Transthoracic Echocardiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1:450-4.
Martin Breuer, Jens Wippermann, Ulrich Franke, Thorsten Wahlers (2002) Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum and upper right atrial inflow obstruction. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 22:1023-1025.
©2016 Massimo Bolognesi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Internal and General Medicine Department, Sports Cardiology Center, Ausl della Romagna - District of Cesena, Via Ungaretti 494 47521 Cesena.


text:
Healthcare Industry News: HSMN NewsFeed
Devices Regenerative Medicine Neurology Personnel
News Release - June 23, 2021
Caryn Peterson Joins Aspen Neuroscience Board of Directors
SAN DIEGO, June 23, 2021 -- (Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network) -- Aspen Neuroscience, Inc., a private biotechnology company developing the first autologous neuron replacement therapies to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), announced today that Caryn Peterson, executive vice president of Regulatory Affairs for Gossamer Bio, has joined the Aspen Board of Directors.
"We welcome Caryn as an important addition to our board of directors," said Faheem Hasnain, Aspen's chairman of the board. "With more than 30 years of regulatory affairs and clinical development experience, Caryn will provide critical guidance as Aspen prepares to enter the clinic and move through the FDA approval process."
"The next stage of Aspen's growth includes building out our internal team of world-class scientists, and our external Board to advise and guide us as we progress towards the clinic," said Damien McDevitt, PhD, president and CEO of Aspen Neuroscience. "Caryn is a strong addition to our board of directors, and we are excited to have her join as we advance a new potential treatment for Parkinson's for patients with few options."
Having served in a variety of leadership roles in the pharmaceutical and biotech fields, Caryn has focused on the development, integration, and implementation of global clinical and regulatory strategy across a broad range of therapeutic areas, including her current position as executive vice president, regulatory affairs for Gossamer Bio. Prior to joining Gossamer in 2018, Caryn was managing partner of Development & Strategic Consulting ("DSC") Associates, LLC, vice president of regulatory affairs at Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc., vice president of regulatory affairs at FeRx Incorporated, and held managerial positions in both pharmaceutical development and regulatory affairs at Amylin Pharmaceuticals. Caryn began her career as a staff scientist at Hybritech Incorporated. She has coauthored several research publications and is a co-inventor on multiple patent applications.
"It is an honor to be joining Aspen's board of directors at such a pivotal time in the company's development," said Peterson. "This company has the potential to be a transformational force in both regenerative medicine and in neurodegenerative diseases. I look forward to working with the Aspen team to make a real difference in the lives of Parkinson's patients and their families."
ABOUT ASPEN NEUROSCIENCE
Headquartered in San Diego, Aspen Neuroscience, Inc. is a development stage, private biotechnology company focused on personalized (autologous) cell therapies. The company is developing induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to address diseases with high unmet medical need, beginning with autologous neuron replacement for both sporadic and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and extending across the brain and affected organs.
A leading iPSC platform company, Aspen combines stem cell biology with the latest artificial intelligence and genomic approaches to investigate patient-specific, restorative treatments. The company has developed a best-in-class platform to create and characterize pluripotent-derived cell medicines, which includes in-house bioinformatics, manufacturing and QC. For more information and important updates, please visit http://www.aspenneuroscience.com
Source: Aspen Neuroscience
Search: Aspen Neuroscience
Search: Parkinson
Search: stem cell
Related News Items
Industry Veteran Kameel Farag Joins Aspen Neuroscience as Chief Financial Officer


If you plan on making one of the biggest purchases of your life, wouldn't you want to know as much about the purchase as you possibly can? Believe it or not it has been shown that some people will spend more time looking into a car to purchase more than looking into purchasing a home.
A home purchase is a lot more than purchasing a new car and just taking the car out for a test drive. The problem is when you are purchasing a home there is no trial period. You don't have the option to live in the home for a week or two and see if everything functions properly. In fact some people only spend 1 or 2 hours in the home before they make their final decision to purchase it.
So doesn't it make sense to hire a trained professional to have a look at your house thoroughly before you make a purchase?
While someone like a friend or your parents might have experience in the construction business or trades, a professional home inspector is trained, experienced and knowledgeable when it comes to knowing what to look for when assessing every major component of a home. Keep in mind that they are reducing the risk involved in purchasing a home, as they not able to eliminate risks, they can help to uncover issues that might cost you money down the road.
A home inspection will also give you a better idea of the overall condition and life expectancy of all the major components of the home and whether there is a concern that you may be facing a major cost repair in the foreseeable future.
Professional Home Inspectors are there to find the big problems and while doing so will find smaller problems. Some of the smaller concerns that they find will most likely be listed in the report as a courtesy, but don't expect very small details like paint chipping in a report.


Anniversary, the most special occasion in the lives of married couples calls for a grand celebration. It is a day to celebrate the special bond of love which has been tested by time. Whether you are attending their party, or want to congratulate your loved ones on this milestone occasion, you can surprise them by choosing anniversary gifts for young couples from India?s largest online gifting portal- IGP.com Be it your uncle aunty, relatives, friends, or anybody else, we have lots of romantic anniversary gift ideas for young couples to make their occasion memorable.
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You can choose gifts for your loved ones from our various category as per their taste and preferences. There are several personalized anniversary gifts handpicked by our curators to make your gifts a keepsake.
One of the best gift choices for the anniversary is going for home and living gifts. A new marriage and new home d�cor shall complement each other. Here you can choose from wine glasses, flower pot photo frames, candle showpieces, anniversary special mug set, cushions, crystals for anniversary, bed set, wooden photo frames, lamps and lanterns, beer mugs, and much more.
Flowers and cakes are the best way to portray your sentiments to your loved ones on this occasion. At IGP, we house roses that are an iconic symbol of love. Apart from that, you can also send a bunch of mix flowers, gerberas, carnations, pink roses, orchids, lilies and much more. We also have hampers embracing cakes of varied flavors, and flowers for this occasion. Run through our offerings and choose the best which suits your needs.
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Fashion and lifestyle form the best gift ideas for newlyweds. In this category, we have couple t-shirts, silver plated jewelry like necklace, bracelet, earring, and much more.
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You can send these gifts to any part of India or more than 90 countries from across the globe hassle-free. So, buy anniversary gifts for young couples online from India's most trusted gifting portal and make your occasion memorable.


text:
Q: unable to create internal hive table i am getting below error while trying to create hive internal table
CREATE TABLE employee(id INT,Name STRING);

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. MetaException(message:file:/user/hive/warehouse/employee is not a directory or unable to create one)

i have created user/hive/warehouse directory in HDFS location and given below permission also
hadoop@raja-VirtualBox:~$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/
Found 1 items
drwxrwxrwx   - hadoop supergroup          0 2022-01-21 16:19 /user/hive/warehouse
below is the screenshot
enter image description here
still i am getting error

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


My company is a retail/wholesale company. Right now we specialize in African clothing, African fabics( African fabric, wax, swiss voile, damask, shoes & bags, boocades etc. ) and printing jobs ( business cards, flyers, postcards, posters, invitation cards, CD covers and much more).


Etiquette Security U.K. and Etiquette Training U.K. are sister companies, Etiquette Security U.K. supplying quality Security Solutions. And Etiquette Training U.K. providing industry training for this, and the licensing industry in general.
We not only look forward to working alongside you, but developing & training with you too!


text:
CMPSCI 220 final project

#####Goals of Project (as stated by course materials):

(1) Learn to read a BNF grammar

(2) Learn to use Scala's parser-combinator library

(3) Use property-based testing

#####Description:

A parser, printer, and evaluator for arithmetic expressions written in Scala. Run in the SBT Console, build and plugin files included.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ethanol Free Gasoline (5 Gallon containers for ATV) – 0 gallons.
gallons but we will need to make a couple more trips tomorrow.
this project. Will charge the other three tomorrow.
turned off to this service. Hab internet is good.
order some as soon as possible to see if that is the problem.
dug so that water will go around the building during rain and runoff.
will be lowered onto a railroad tie frame to keep it off the ground.
Questions, concerns and requests to Mission Support: Nothing, thank you.


text:
Trump On The 'Squad': They Are Not 'Capable Of Loving Our Country'
Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Chris White Tech Reporter
July 21, 2019 11:11 AM ET
President Donald Trump said Sunday he doesn't believe congresswomen in the "Squad" are capable of being patriotic Americans, adding that they are "destroying" the Democratic Party.
"I don't believe the four Congresswomen are capable of loving our Country. They should apologize to America (and Israel) for the horrible (hateful) things they have said," Trump said in a Sunday morning tweet. "They are destroying the Democrat Party, but are weak & insecure people who can never destroy our great Nation!"
I don't believe the four Congresswomen are capable of loving our Country. They should apologize to America (and Israel) for the horrible (hateful) things they have said. They are destroying the Democrat Party, but are weak & insecure people who can never destroy our great Nation!
His comments come after Trump's July 15 Twitter rant in which he asked "why don't they go back" of "'Progressive' Democrat Congresswomen," seemingly referring to members of the "Squad" as well. Republicans including Sens. Tim Scott of South Carolina, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Texas Rep. Will Hurd criticized Trump for his remarks. (RELATED: Trump On Pelosi's Resolution: 'I Don't Have A Racist Bone In My Body)
The president has been dealing with the fallout from those comments ever since. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California announced a resolution to condemn his tweets against the freshman congresswomen. House Democrats passed the resolution Tuesday. But Trump's also managed to use the tweets to steer media attention.
The "Squad" of congresswomen includes Democratic Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts.
US Representative Ilhan Omar (D-MN) speaks on stage during a town hall meeting at Sabathani Community in Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 18, 2019. (Photo by Kerem Yucel / AFP) (Photo credit should read KEREM YUCEL/AFP/Getty Images)
Articles about Democratic candidates in the week ending July 14 generated a combined 6.5 million social media interactions, the fewest since January, Axios reported Wednesday.
News articles about the president, meanwhile, generated roughly 23.2 million interactions, the report noted, citing data from NewsWhip, a social-media metrics company.
Tags : donald trump ilhan omar nancy pelosi


Some aircraft and aircraft parts manufacturers provide access to their service information online, either free or through paid subscription services.
Incorporation by reference (IBR) allows Federal agencies to comply with the requirement to publish rules in the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) by referring to materials already published elsewhere.
Polskie Zaklady Lotnicze Sp. z.o.o.


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text:
First IPA Conference Held July 2-4, 1999
The first IPA Conference was held on July 2-4, 1999, in Naarden, the Netherlands. The meeting was attended by over 60 participants from 11 countries which included members of the medical and scientific community, patient organizations and industry. Presentations included a historical overview of Pompe's disease, ongoing research in enzyme replacement and gene therapy, and presentations from patient organizations. Randall H. House, president of AMDA (USA), chaired the first day's proceedings. Y.S. Poortman, president of VSN (the Netherlands) opened the conference and welcomed the guests.
The opening presentation was given by Dr. M.C.B. Loonen. Dr. Loonen served as Head of the Child Neurology Department of the Academic Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from 1971 until retirement in 1995. Her thesis entitled, "The variability of Pompe's Disease. A clinical, biochemical and genetic study of glycogen storage disease type 2, or acid maltase deficiency", appeared in 1979.
Dr. Loonen's presentation gave a historical overview of Pompe's disease from it's initial description by J.C. Pompe, a Dutch pathologist in 1932; the discovery of lysosomes in 1955 by Christian de Duve (et al); the discovery by H. G. Hers (et al) that glycogen storage was caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, acid alpha-glucosidase and his unsuccessful attempt at enzyme replacement therapy in 1963; the 1964 demonstration by Baudhuin (et al) which showed that glycogen stored in the liver of Pompe patients was present mainly within the lysosomes. In 1965 it was recognized that there are also "late-onset" forms of Pompe's disease.
Although presently retired, Dr. Loonen is still involved in the clinical trials for enzyme replacement therapy currently underway at Sophia Children's Hospital in Rotterdam.
Dr. M.G.E.M. Ausems, Clinical Geneticist and Head of Genetic Counseling in the Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, based her presentation on her publication "The frequency of Glycogen Storage Disease type II in the Netherlands; implications for diagnosis and genetic counseling." (Ausems MEM, Verbiest J. Herman MMP, it al; Eur J Hum Genet in press).
Since 1995 she has been involved in studies on the frequency of Pompe's disease and genotype-phenotype correlations of the disease in close collaboration with Dr. Reuser, Dr. van der Ploeg and Prof. Dr. J.H.H. Wokkel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Dr. Ausems's data predicts that frequency of GSD II is 1 in 40,000 in the Dutch population as opposed to the frequently quoted figure of 1 in 100,000. A recent study on the carrier frequency by Frank Martiniuk, Ph.D., New York University Medical Center (USA), also indicated a disease frequency of 1 in 40,000, based on his study of the general population in New York (Martiniuk F, Chen A, Mack A et al. Carrier frequency for glycogen storage disease type II in New York and estimates of affected individuals born with the disease. AM J Med Genet 1998; 79:69-72.)
Dr. Ausems concluded, "Our results suggest that the world wide frequency of GSD II must be higher than 1 in 100,000 and that the birth prevalence of adult GSD II is two times higher than that of infantile GSD II.
Prof. Dr. John J. Hopwood, Deputy Head of the Chemical Pathology Services and Head of the Lysosomal Disease Research Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, stressed the importance of joining together all LSD, lysosomal storage disorders (of which there are 40), to broaden the patient base and thereby, bring this category of disorders to the foreground. Based on his research he has found that LSD affects approximately 1 in 5,000.
For over 20 years Dr. Hopwood's research has been linked to the provision of a diagnostic service and the development of therapy for patients with LSD. Specifically toward GSD II he stated, "We have been developing new methodology to achieve fast, inexpensive and non-invasive procedures for the early detection and diagnosis of GSD II in individuals from newborns to adult populations," but he went on to say that diagnosis of GSD II using blood samples is complicated by the presence of other alpha-glucosidase activities.
Arnold J.J. Reuser, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands, also made a historical presentation on Pompe's disease.
Dr. Reuser has been involved in Pompe research since 1973. Throughout the 80s and 90s, he was involved in the biosynthesis and structure of acid alpha-glucosidase, the cloning of the acid alpha-glucosidase gene, mutation analysis, and the development of a mouse model for Pompe's disease. All of these endeavors have lead to the commencement of clinical trials in enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe's disease currently in progress at Sophia Children's Hospital in Rotterdam.
Dr. Reuser joined Professor Hans Buller, director of Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, and Dr. Ans van der Ploeg, principal investigator, who recently expressed their optimism about the progress of the trial.
Dr. Reuser concluded by "…….highlighting the role of the patients, patient organizations and charities that have kept the 'process' alive. Our research team…….has experienced tremendous support…….from patients…….(and) patient organizations and charities (such as), the AGSD (UK), the AMDA (USA), the Prinses Beatrix Fonds and the Sophia Foundation, in particular, …….(who) have made financial contributions to keep us going." He closed his speech by commending the formation of the IPA.
Dr. Andrea Amalfitano, Duke University Medical Center (USA) made a presentation entitled "Therapy for GSD-II; Enzyme based therapeutics and novel gene therapy approaches."
(see research from Duke June 25, 1999 & Aug. 3, 1999)
Dr. A.T. van der Ploeg, Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands, gave her presentation entitled "Enzyme therapy for Pompe's disease" on the last day of the conference.
see Phase II Juvenile Trials Underway in Netherlands, July 4, 1999
Presentations were also made by industry representatives:
"A Transgenic Approach to Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Pompe Patients" was jointly made by A. Vos, Ph.D., Pharming/Genzyme LLC (Netherlands); J. Dalle, MSc, Pharming NV (Belgium); A. Curtis, MBA, Genzyme Corp (USA).
"The Challenges of rhGAA Manufacture " was the title of the presentation made by Blythe Devlin,Ph.D., Synpac (N.C.) Inc.
Patient organization presentations included the following:
"Knowledge is power" and "The importance of good information," Kevin O'Donnell, Ph.D., AGSD (UK);
"Forming a national Pompe group, our experience," Marylyn House, AMDA (USA);
"The International Pompe Association, position, objectives, policy and activities," Ysbrand Poortman, VSN (Netherlands); "Developments in the area of Pompe's disease," Haske van Veenendal, VSN (Netherlands);
"Funding treatment before the government subsidy approvals," Robert Morrison, MDA (Australia);
"Legal procedures regarding the International Pompe Association," Helmut Erny, SHG Glycogenose Deutschland eV(Germany)
Maryze Schoneveld van der Linde, representative of VSN, presented a moving autobiographical portrait of a Pompe patient's endurance of this progressive debilitating disease. Maryze has struggled with the juvenile form of the disease for over 20 years. She was diagnosed with the disease at the age of 8. Her speech was entitled "From patient initiative to treatment."
Ria Broekgaarden, VSN, and Randall House, AMDA, co-chaired the second day's events. Thomas Schaller, SHG Glykogenose Deutschland (Germany) chaired the final day's session.
A closed session to formulate and discuss IPA objectives was co-chaired by Randall House and Ysbrand Poortman and included only members of patient groups. Mr. House summarized the committee report at the general meeting on the final day.