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Tanzania Kilimanjaro Trek & Safari
Experience a Tanzania safari coupled with an ascents of Mt Kilimanjaro along the popular Machame route (5,895m).
Enjoy the sunrise over Mawenzi before pushing to the summit of Uhuru Peak (5895m)
Experience wildlife viewing in the world famous Serengeti National Park, spectacular World Heritage Ngorongoro Crater and Tarangire National Park
Ascend the Barranco wall, admire spectacular vistas and hike to the rim of the Shira Plateau
Marvel at panoramic viewpoints while trekking
Visit a Masai village and the renowned paleolithic site of Olduvai Gorge
Explore the city of Arusha, located below Mount Meru
2020 Departure Dates & Costs
14 day trips in 2020: Jun 29-Jul 12; Jul. 29 - Aug. 11: Sep 27-Oct 10; Oct 25 - Nov 7
Tour Cost: $ 6,480 USD (includes park entry fees)
10 day trips in 2020: Every Friday, Jun to Oct, and Dec to Feb
$ 3,350 USD (includes park entry fees)
Itinerary details on request
Day 1: Arrival Arusha
Today is an arrival day. If you choose to fly into Kilimanjaro Airport we recommend a private transfer to Arusha where the rest of the day is at leisure. We stay at the Moivaro Coffee Lodge which has spacious rooms, a pool, and restaurant. This afternoon at 16:30 you will meet the rest of the group and your guide for a trip briefing. Upon arrival into the Kilimanjaro International Airport in Arusha, our representative will be awaiting to greet and transfer you to The Ilboru Safari Lodge. The remainder of the day is at leisure to relax and get over any jetlag.(D)
Day 2: To Macahme Gate
After completing the necessary registration formalities, the climb starts from Machame Gate (1800m) and follows a ridge through dense montane forest. This is the richest forested area on the mountain, and also the zone from where 96% of the water on Kilimanjaro originates. On sunny days, and especially in the dry season, this section is very lush and beautiful; it can also be a very muddy experience, particularly if it has rained recently! We have lunch at 'Halfway Clearing', a small opening in the trees, and continue climbing steadily. The gradient becomes gentler as the forest slowly merges into giant heather close to the next camp near the ruins of Machame Hut (3000m). We may get our first closer look at the glaciated dome of Kibo if the evening clouds permit. [6-8 hours walking].
Day 3: Kilimanjaro - Morum Gate to Shira Camp (Trek)
A shorter day that begins by climbing up a steep ridge to reach a small semicircular cliff known as Picnic Rock. There are excellent views of Kibo and the jagged rim of Shira Plateau from here, and it is a good rest point too! The trail continues less steeply to reach the Shira Plateau. We camp near Shira Hut (3840m) which has some of the most stunning views on Kilimanjaro; close to the huge volcanic cone of Kibo, the spectacular rock formations of Shira Plateau, and looking across to Mt Meru floating on the clouds. [4-6 hours walking] (B,L,D)
Day 4: Mt. Kilimanjaro - to Barrano Camp (Trek)
A morning of gentle ascent and panoramic views, leaving the moorland plateau behind to walk on lava ridges beneath the glaciers of the Western Breach. After lunch near the Lava Tower junction (4550m) we descend to the bottom of the Great Barranco valley (3900 m), sheltered by towering cliffs and with extensive views of the plains far below. [5-7 hours walking] (B,L,D)
Day 5: Mt. Kilimanjaro - Barranco Camp to Karanga Camp (Trek)
A steep climb up the Barranco Wall leads us to an undulating trail on the south-eastern flank of Kibo, with superb vistas of the Southern Icefields. The terrain changes to scree, with pockets of lush vegetation in sheltered hollows, and there is only a short distance to our camp at Karanga (4000m), the last water point on the way to the summit. There is plenty of time to rest, or for a short optional acclimatisation walk in the afternoon up the valley above the camp. [4-5 hours walking] (B,L,D)
Day 6: Mt. Kilimanjaro - Karanga Camp to Barafu Camp (Trek)
Departing from Karanga camp, we have another relatively short hiking day to the Barafu campsite at 5,500 feet/4,600 meters. We begin by scrambling over boulders and ascending the Barafu Ridge. This ridge marks the point where the South Circuit Path, which we've been following for a couple of days, joins the Mweka Trail. As we head up the Mweka Trail, following the boulder strewn ridge, we have our first glimpse of Mawenzi's jagged rocky spires. We reach the Barafu campsite in time for lunch. The remainder of the day is to relax, sleep and mentally prepare for our final ascent to the summit, Uhuru Peak, starting at midnight. Total trekking time 4-5 hours. (B,L,D)
Day 7: Mt. Kilimanjaro - Summit Day, Barafu Camp to Uhuru Peak to Mweka Camp (Trek)
We will start our ascent by torchlight at about 1 a.m. so that we can be up on the Crater rim by sunrise. The steep climb over loose volcanic scree has some well-graded zig-zags and a slow but steady pace will take us to Stella Point (5735m), in about five or six hours. We will rest there for a short time to enjoy the sunrise over Mawenzi. Those who are still feeling strong can make the two hour round trip from here along the crater rim to Uhuru Peak (5895m), passing close to the spectacular glaciers and ice cliffs that still occupy most of the summit area. The descent to Barafu is surprisingly fast, and after some refreshment, we continue to descend to reach our final campsite Millenium (3800m). [11-15 hours walking] (B,L,D)
Day 8: Final trek and transfer to Arusha
A sustained descent on a well constructed path through lovely tropical forest alive with birdsong and boasting lush undergrowth with considerable botanical interest. Our route winds down to the National Park gate at Mweka (1650m). Here we sign out from the National Park before walking on for a further 15 minutes through coffee and banana farms to Mweka village where our vehicle awaits. The shower, the beer, and the swimming pool are tantalisingly close! Overnight at Moivaro Coffee Lodge. [4-6 hours walking] (B,L,D)
Day 9: Tarangire National Park (Game Drive)
After breakfast, we will drive to Tarangire National Park (approx 2- 3 hours) where we will have lunch on arrival. Later in the afternoon we will spend time game viewing within the park. This area has the largest population of elephants in northern Tanzania, with approximately 2000 sighted along the river at certain times of the year. In the dry season, (July–November) most of the wildlife in the Tarangire ecosystem migrates to the permanent water of the Tarangire River. The lush green shores of the river are a big attraction to many varieties of wildlife, so they offer fantastic game viewing. Dry baobab and acacia trees are scattered widely throughout Tarangire National Park and these provide an ideal home to over 500 species of birds. Most people who have visited East Africa give fabulous accounts of their safaris in this national park, which is famous for both its flora and fauna. Accommodation: Migunga Tented Camp, or Tarangire Sopa Lodge (4 star upgrade) or similar. (B,L,D)
Day 10: Ngorongoro
Today is a long but rewarding day, filled with scenic driving and fabulous wildlife viewing. We leave early this morning for a 3 - 3.5hr drive up the Rift Valley escarpment to Ngorongoro Crater. At nearly 2300m on the Crater rim, the mornings are brisk and low cloud sometimes covers the area. Please bring some warm clothing as it can be cold here. We drop down into the Crater for a day of game viewing, including a picnic lunch. The World Heritage listed Ngorongoro Crater is one of the last refuges for the endangered black rhino in northern Tanzania; the rhino population here is carefully protected and they are quite commonly seen. With over 30,000 animals, the 100 sq km caldera of the Ngorongoro Crater is a natural amphitheatre for wildlife with its permanent water source and varied habitats. We drive to our accommodation back up on the rim of the Crater in the late afternoon. Accommodation: Crater Forest Tented Camp, or Ngorongoro Sopa Lodge (4 star upgrade) or similar (B,L,D)
Day 11: Olduvai Gorge & Serengeti
On our way to the Serengeti National Park we visit the world famous Olduvai Gorge, where our earliest ancestors were discovered by Professor Richard Leakey. We will also visit a Masai boma (village) to learn about Masai traditions and way of life.The hills and plains en route are home to wildlife as well as the Masai people and we are likely to see both on our journey. After passing through the Serengeti park gate we have opportunity to see a variety of wildlife as we game drive our way to our accommodation. We begin to get an idea of the vastness and remoteness of this incredible park as we travel across the savannah to our base for the next two nights. Accommodation: Kati Kati Tented Camp, or Serengeti Serena Lodge (4 star upgrade) or similar. (NOTE: Kati Kati is a semi-permanent tented camp operating from December - March and from June - October. Outside of these months, an alternative property will be used)
Day 12: Serengeti National Park (Game Drive and optional Hot Air Balloon)
We spend a full day in the Serengeti National Park, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage area for its wildlife and natural beauty. Mornings and late afternoons are the best times for wildlife spotting, as the animals retreat to the shade of trees to escape the heat of the day. We will follow this pattern to make the most of the time when wildlife is most active. We will wake with the sun and generally return to our camp or lodge after sunset, with time in the middle of the day to relax. Depending where we find most game, we may take a picnic lunch and stay out all day or return to our accommodation over lunch for a siesta before going out again in our 4WD safari vehicle to explore the different habitats found within the park. Famed for its annual migration, the Serengeti offers amazing game viewing at any time of the year: herds of buffalo, groups of elephant and giraffe, zebra, eland, topi, kongoni, impala and gazelle, among other wildlife. We hope to experience a blazing Serengeti sunset, with silhouetted acacia trees, to top off a magical day. Accommodation: Kati Kati Tented Camp, or Serengeti Serena Lodge (4 star upgrade) or similar
Day 13: Serengeti to Arusha (Game drive)
We will enjoy one last early morning game drive in the Serengeti before transferring to the Seronera airstrip for a 11:00 flight back to Arusha. (Please note that flight schedules are subject to change and availability.) On arrival in Arusha we will be met at the airport and transferred to our accommodation. There is time for an optional visit to a cultural market en route if you wish. Accommodation: Moivaro Coffee Lodge (B,L)
Day 14: Departure
Today you will be transferred back to the Arusha International Airport to connect with your flight back home. You can spend the morning around camp, walk in the forest, climb the rift valley escarpment or depart early for Arusha for some last minute shopping. Please make sure you book a flight that departs after 3:30pm. (B)
NOTE: This itinerary is subject to change with any change in community regulations as well as governmental changes and natural circumstances beyond our control.
The Machame Route is well known as the "Whiskey Route" and one of the most popular trails on Mount Kilimanjaro, fondly known as Kili. It is reported that around 50% of trekkers use this route to ascend to the highest point in Africa and for good reason. The trail, whilst challenging, also offers spectacular vistas, ascends the Barranco wall and allows good acclimatisation opportunities. From lush rainforest, the trail rises steeply towards the Shira Plateau, providing trekkers with scenic mountain views and varying landscapes. While the ascent does not require any technical climbing, the trails are demanding and a sound level of fitness are essential pre-requisites.
With seven days on the mountain, there is excellent opportunity for a safe and successful climb, with a sound sense of achievement more than reward for your effort. Before or after ascending Kilimanjaro, we indulge in an all encompassing fly-drive safari highlighting the best game parks in northern Tanzania including huge herds of elephants in Tarangire, the spectacular World Heritage listed Ngorongoro Crater, visits to a Masai village and the renowned paleolithic site of Olduvai Gorge, and culminating in the distinctive scenery and abundant wildlife in the world famous Serengeti National Park.
Kilimanjaro trek
Machame route


Beautifully renovated South of Broad home originally constructed in 1790 with a newly landscaped yard and private parking behind an iron gate. This well-maintained 4BR, 3.5BA house is tucked away from the street, offering privacy. Ideally located within walking distance to world-class restaurants, Charleston's historic district, and only 2 blocks from the iconic waterfront Charleston Battery with views of the harbor. On the first floor, both the formal living room and formal dining room feature fireplaces and wide-plank hardwood floors. A chef-style kitchen opens into a den with historic details including exposed brick walls and wooden beams. French doors lead outside to a newly-landscaped courtyard offering a quaint and private escape surrounded by ivy-covered brick walls.The second floor has two bedrooms, each with private bathrooms, including the master bedroom suite with large bathroom and walk-in closet. There is also a laundry room as well as a sitting area on the 2nd floor that serves as a small den. On the 3rd floor you'll find two additional bedrooms with a full bathroom as well as a den area and attic space. This home features a flood defense barrier system from Flood Defense Group â" ask your agent for details.
I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #19004615). Please send me more information regarding 4 Gibbes Street, Charleston, SC, 29401. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 4 Gibbes Street, Charleston, SC, 29401 (MLS® #19004615). Thank you!


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Home E Student Life
Grow in Your Faith While
Growing in Knowledge
Distinctly Holistic Christian Living
Eastern Nazarene College fosters a distinctly holistic, Christian living and learning community that allows students to develop their minds, hearts, and spirits. The college strives to enhance the educational experience of students beyond the classroom through the development of programs that promote intellectual, spiritual, cultural, physical, emotional, social, and career development. Students are encouraged to take advantage of the resources of the college and everything that the greater Boston area has to offer them.
With 70% of students living on campus and drawn from 14 foreign nations and 36 states, Eastern Nazarene college provides a distinctly multicultural resident experience. The residence halls, all named in honor of individuals who have served the college and our nation, provide a variety of options to accommodate students' unique needs and ease their transition to independent living. To learn more about the residence halls at Eastern Nazarene College, visit the Residence Halls page. Campus dining serves more than 1000 students, faculty, staff, and visitors with its three eating establishments that include The Commons, a full-service cafeteria; The Dugout, a quick-service grill, and Hebrews, a café featuring Starbucks coffee. Each meal plan is also accompanied by $50.00 of Cub Cash. Cub Cash (a debit account) can be used in the Dugout and Hebrews Café. A diversity of quality offerings and meal plans are available for both resident and commuter students. To learn more about dining options, plans, and hours of operation, visit the Dining page.
There is no shortage of opportunities to engage in student organizations, clubs, and activities. In addition to an active student government, Eastern Nazarene College offers clubs that span a broad range of interests and affinity groups, from academic clubs like the English Club and Basement Shrader Club for physics, math and engineering students, to cultural clubs like the Black Student Union and International Student Union. Students with a creative bent may join A Capella Choir, Pep Band, or Symphonic Winds or choose to audition or work on one of the theater productions staged throughout the academic year. Recent productions have included The Titanic, Beauty and the Beast, The Laramie Project and others. A complete listing of student clubs and organizations may be found here.
The Office of Community Life exists to foster a robust co-curricular campus environment that promotes student learning and development through campus programming and leadership development opportunities. Community Life seeks to build vibrant campus community through providing experiences that challenge students to apply classroom instruction to issues of social justice through documentary screenings, discussions, and other campus activities. The Office of Community Life works in conjunction with the Student Government Association to provide opportunities for leadership and service through councils, clubs, and organizations.
The physical and emotional health and wellness of students is a top priority for the college; therefore, The Brickley Center is available to all students at no or minimal cost. Services include health visits with the campus nurse, counseling services, and career advising to prepare students for success in whatever career they choose. Counselors are available to help students design meaningful career paths that prepare them for the future and empower them to change the world for the better. Visit The Brickley Center page for additional information on services provided or contact Brad Thorne at (617) 745-3892 or email bradford.thorne@enc.edu.
In addition to 16 NCAA Division III varsity athletics teams and intramural sports, the college provides undergraduate students with a free membership and shuttle service to the YMCA in Quincy, a recently renovated $30 million fitness facility. Students have access to all fitness areas and programs, gymnasiums, pools, basketball courts, sauna, steam room, whirlpool, and more. The facilities are also available for flag football and after-hours intramural sports.
Rooted in the Christian faith, Eastern Nazarene College is committed to cultivating the spiritual development of all students. Students come together in various gatherings such as weekly Bible studies, Monday Morning small groups, Late Night Fellowship, quiet prayer in Angell Chapel, and Refiner's Fire – a gathering where students support each other and share how God is at work in their lives. Student-led summer ministry teams travel to camps and churches on the East Coast, a long-standing tradition and experiential learning for those interested. Other students participate in short-term mission trips called FUSION, designed to give students an opportunity to connect with the activity of God in contexts which cause them to cross a boundary of difference. Students are exposed to systemic and social injustices and discover the hope for restoration and reconciliation found in Christ.
In 2019, a San Diego-Tijuana Fusion team partnered with an organization called Global Immerse to experience the immigrant's journey, delving into the human and social issues affecting immigrant families in the U.S. Another FUSION team traveled to Puerto Rico where they assisted local leaders to rebuild communities devastated in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. In 2018 and 2019, teams were sent to Zambia, led by psychology professor, Dr. Catherine Bell, and her husband, soccer coach Mark Bell. The FUSION team assisted a Christian relief agency providing food, bed nets, school visits, and home visits to those affected by HIV/ AIDS. The team also provided counseling services and a soccer ministry for local children. To learn more about campus ministry, visit the Spiritual Life and Service page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When you need to sell your house fast, one will have several options, as they can sell the house using the traditional way. The common ways that individuals use when they want to sell their house is having the house listed with a real estate agent, whereas some individuals prefer to sell their house to traditional buyers where they place the house in the local and internet ads to find buyers. While the two methods have been widely used in the past, they do not suit persons who need to sell their house in a limited time, while they also want to get good cash from the deal. A realtor also costs you cash since the charge you every service that they offer while selling the house to traditional buyers will also cost you cash as you have to advertise to get a buyer. The best bet when you need to sell a house fast in St Louis will be finding a real estate investment company, as they will purchase your house for a short duration and present you cash offers.
One such benefit which follows your decision to sell your house to a real estate investor is the promise of quick sale. If you sell your house to a real estate investment company, such as St Louis Realty Advisor investment company, you will have the chance to get an offer within 24 hours, and have the sales process concluded in a week. One no longer has to go advertising and paying for the same when they have to sell a house, while all that it takes is making a call to the real estate investors, who will come to assess the property before making an offer that one can accept, decline or make a counteroffer.
Real estate investment companies have been the source of help to individuals who are keen to avoid foreclosure. If you are among the individuals receiving threats from the bank that they want to repossess you house, you need to seek a 'cash for houses' investment company to buy your house. The companies will provide you cash, while they will take over mortgage which means that you do not lose your property for absolutely nothing. Foreclosure will have an effect on your financial life by hitting hard your credit score, but you can avoid a more difficult financial life by selling your house to 'we buy houses' St Louis companies.
Individuals selling a home are usually concerned with the need for repairs. Sell your house to 'we buy houses' St Louis investment companies, and you won't have to worry about the repairs.


With food donated by parishioners, we pack more than 300 sack lunches on the first Sunday of the month to be to given to the hungry that come to our doors every day. Everyone is invited to join the packing assembly line in the Parish Hall following the 10:30 AM service. If you are interested in assisting with this ministry, please sign up to bring necessary items on the bulletin board in the rear entrance hallway.
A team from St. Andrew's serves monthly at the HIM Food Pantry by breaking down donations, sorting food, and helping Pantry clients make their selections. We volunteer from 9:30 AM to noon every 4th Saturday at the Pantry, located at 3523 Beauchamp, next door to Travis Elementary School. All teens and adults are welcome! Training for first-time volunteers is provided every Saturday. Sign up to serve here, or contact Laurie Hardwick if you are interested in participating in this ministry.
St. Andrew's collects clothing donations for the homeless and recovering men served by Lord of the Streets Episcopal Church (LOTS) in Houston's midtown neighborhood. In addition, we are privileged to help serve breakfast to the homeless on specific Sunday mornings each quarter. In 2019, we will serve January 6, June 30, and November 3. In addition to these opportunities, there are many ways that you can assist LOTS and its vital mission of outreach and support to the homeless community in Houston. Contact Rashmi Saikia if you are interested in participating in this ministry or visit Lord of the Streets, or watch this video to learn more.
Those who knit and crochet use their talents to create knit caps that are given to those who come to our doors during Houston's colder weather. Kits that include directions and yarn are located near the elevator in a plastic bin- please help yourself and bring finished hat(s) to the church office. Contact Priscilla Burroughs if you are interested in participating in this ministry.
St. Andrew's supports the Houston International Seafarers' Center by filling boxes with toiletries and other small treats for those who dock at the Houston Ship Channel during the Christmas season. Each year the ministers at the Houston International Seafarers' Center distributes close to 50,000 of these boxes to our brothers and sisters who work the cargo ships that enter into the Port of Houston. Contact Bob DeCesare if you are interested in participating in this ministry.
Would you like to help serve senior citizens in the Heights area by delivering hot meals and a smile? Then join us for volunteer training and start serving! You can serve as often as you like and online sign-up is easy after training. Interfaith Ministries for Greater Houston will hold its Meals on Wheels training for the Heights routes on 2nd Tuesdays at 10 AM at St. Andrew's House, 1811 Heights Blvd. If you would like to attend please start by completing the Volunteer Application. Please bring a drivers license, proof of auto insurance, and $9 for a background check to the training. If you have any questions, please contact Ros Moore, volunteer coordinator.
Operation FINALLY HOME is a national, non-profit organization with a unique network of experienced builders, suppliers, and supporters dedicated to building homes for wounded, ill or injured veterans, surviving spouses and their families. Operation FINALLY HOME brings together home builders, the military and communities to build custom, mortgage-free homes for America's military heroes and the widows of the fallen, those who have worn America's uniform and sacrificed so much to defend our freedoms and values, providing a strong foundation to help them move forward with their lives. We are proud to support this great organization with monetary donations.
Sack Lunch Supplies - Sign up to contribute needed items on the bulletin board in the rear entry hall.
Clothing & Eyeglasses - Clean, gently used clothing for men, women, and children and used eyeglasses benefit Lord of the Streets church in Midtown.
Food - Non-perishable foods are delivered to Heights Interfaith Ministries Food Pantry.
Personal Hygiene Items - Travel size toiletries are collected for the Christmas Seafarer boxes and to assist our neighbors on the streets.


SAPPORO - What is believed to be Japan's largest fossilized dinosaur skeleton has been restored as a life-size replica, researchers and officials from the town of Mukawa, in Hokkaido, where the original discovery was made, said Wednesday.
The replica of the 8-meter-long and 4-meter-tall plant-eating Hadrosaurid, dubbed "Mukawaryu," was created with duplicates of the actual fossils unearthed from a 72 million-year-old geological layer. The replica and the fossils will be displayed at the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo for three months from July 13.
"A standing Mukawaryu has been resurrected after 72 million years. I hope it will help liven up our town," Mukawa Mayor Yoshiyuki Takenaka said.
The excavation involving Hokkaido University members began in 2013 after local fossil collector Yoshiyuki Horita found a fossilized tail bone in 2003 in the Hobetsu district of Mukawa. More than 1,000 fossil bones were eventually unearthed, making it the largest complete dinosaur skeleton ever found in the country.
Complete skeletons are generally defined as containing more than 50 percent of the bones, but for the Mukawaryu, over 80 percent were unearthed as fossils.
The work to create the replica of the duck-billed dinosaur began in July 2017 and was completed last month. The replica, unveiled to the media, has a color close to the actual fossils and is positioned as if the reptile is looking into the far distance.
"I hope people will immerse themselves in the fascination of ancient history by imagining Mukawaryu strolling over the vast ground of Hobetsu," said Horita, 69.
Hadrosaurids were common herbivore dinosaurs during the late Cretaceous Period and thrived on the Eurasian and North and South American continents in addition to Antarctica, according to Hokkaido University.


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(aka Akron Rural Cemetery)
150 Glendale Avenue
Acres: Approximately 100
Bella Morte Rating: 1 Tombstone
Inspired by the grandeur and beauty of Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the individuals who established Glendale sought to replicate the design of that awe-inspiring Massachusetts graveyard. Unfortunately, at least insofar as we at Bella Morte are concerned, Glendale falls far short of its planner's lofty aspirations. Although the row of mausoleums on Cypress Avenue got our visit off to a good start, the cemetery as a whole left us feeling uninspired. There are some interesting monuments and a few areas of the cemetery we enjoyed, but, they were few and far between.
The final resting place for many of Akron's notables, area residents will recognize such names as George Tod Perkins, Civil War Colonel, President of the Bank of Akron and President of the B.F. Goodrich Tire Company following the death of Mr. Goodrich; Franklin Augustus Seiberling, founder of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, also known for his beautiful Akron estate (now open to the public), Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens; Arthur James Saalfield, Sr., founder and president of the Saalfield Publishing Co. in Akron.
Aside from these and other well-known area residents, Glendale also features a Gothic-style Civil War Chapel bearing the inscription "All Honor To Our Nation's Defenders" in the stone above the portico. In front of the building, the image of a woman in long robes stands atop a pedestal bearing the words "To Our Unknown Dead" and the dates "1861-1865." Although we have seen photos of the chapel's interior walls, which bear the names of soldiers who did not return from the war, we have not been able to see them ourselves as the building has been locked on the few occasions we have visited. We have also heard that the chapel basement contains a crypt, but, again, as we have never been able to get inside, we cannot verify that bit of information.
The chapel, as well as the caretaker's lodge, bell tower and office are all listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
An interesting bit of history in regard to Glendale... On 23 June, 1977, the cemetery fell victim to an explosion set off by a disgruntled employee of the Patch Rubber Company who released petroleum naphtha into a sewer line. Although the plan seems to have been revenge against his company, things went awry as the chemicals drifted from the intended site, traveling through the sewer lines for several miles until they finally exploded near Glendale. Damage to the cemetery was extensive and repairs and restoration took years to complete.


The Republican candidates for East Hampton Town Board labored at candidate forums this past week to cast a shadow over the work their incumbent Democratic opponents have done while in the majority the last four years.
Specifically, they focused on projects that have not been completed and initiatives on issues like wastewater treatment and affordable housing that they say do not reach far enough.
The Democrats, on the other hand, spotlighted their successes and efforts that they say advanced the ball further than previous Republican administrations had—including many of the same programs the Republicans sought to paint as failures.
One debate was held at Scoville Hall in Amagansett on Thursday, October 12, sponsored by the New York League of Conservation Voters and the Concerned Citizens of Montauk and another, sponsored by the League of Women voters, was held at East Hampton's Emergency Services Building on Monday, October 16.
Overall, the candidates expressed strikingly similar views of the direction in which the town should be moving on most issues of major importance, with the only great divide coming over how to fund upgrades to septic systems.
All were staunchly pro-environment, in favor of expanding renewable energy resources townwide, and they seemed to agree that water quality improvement was a top priority. All said that efforts to create more affordable housing options must be stepped up, and each noted a need to reach out better to the large Latino community.
On the most prominent issue of the campaign thus far, the effort to improve water quality, the two sides have split about how to proceed, with the incumbents supporting the recently created rebate program using Community Preservation Fund revenues to help homeowners replace septic systems as needed, and the Republicans pressing a plan developed by council candidate Paul Giardina, a retired Environmental Protection Agency official, that proposes borrowing tens of millions of dollars from a federal fund administered by the state to advance replacements more aggressively in the short term and paying it back over time.
Mr. Larsen pointed to a meeting in 2015 at which members of the Montauk community had applauded a proposal to create a municipal sewer system in the hamlet's downtown. He criticized the Town Board for not having started construction yet and having waited, for political expediency, until earlier this year to direct a consultant to begin exploring how such a system would be configured.
Councilwoman Kathee Burke-Gonzalez, who is running for reelection, defended the incumbents' record, pointing to policies and programs they have begun in the meantime.
The Democrats said that the Republican plan would require the town to take on tens of millions of dollars in debt and interest payments. They said it would also involve making homeowners submit to inspections that could force them to make improvements to their property's septic systems and take on debt to replace them. They said that their more measured approach would not cost taxpayers anything while leaving the decision of when to replace a system up to the homeowner.
Mr. Giardina said that the more aggressive and proactive plan he devised would allow the town to tackle both residential septics and point-source pollution from runoff in one fell swoop. He also suggested that there would be allowances giving homeowners a reprieve from having to pay back the debt on septic replacements if needed, putting repayment off until a house is sold. He noted that the current program, adopted earlier this year and taking effect on January 1, will require inspections every three years to ensure a septic system isn't failing, "so the septic police are there," he said.
The two candidates for town supervisor—Councilman Peter Van Scoyoc and Republican Manny Vilar—both emphasized the need to create more affordable housing as well as more commercial spaces for small businesses to base their operations. Mr. Vilar called for a comprehensive economic plan for the town and for municipal support of more affordable work spaces, either through leases of town land or zoning incentives. Mr. Van Scoyoc nodded to new commercial leases the town has been pushing at East Hampton Airport, which give businesses room to grow and have brought new jobs to the area.
Mr. Vilar voiced slightly more skepticism about the vetting process for an offshore wind farm planned some 30 miles southeast of Montauk, which commercial fishermen have decried as an ecological and economic boondoggle in the making, than Mr. Van Scoyoc did. Mr. Vilar did not specifically say he was opposed construction of the wind farm, but did say he harbors concerns about the potential for ecological damage from its construction and operation.
"The answer may be as simple as they just need to move it to another location," Mr. Vilar said.
Mr. Van Scoyoc said that the specific location for the wind farm and where the power supply cable comes ashore must be carefully examined and watched by local officials. He said he was opposed to a proposal to run the cable through Gardiners Bay because it would be too disruptive to the fragile ecosystem.
On the hot-button topic of the future of East Hampton Airport, Mr. Vilar said the town has seen no improvement in the negative impacts of the airport—which he acknowledged are substantial and must be lessened.
Mr. Vilar said his experience in state government makes him suited to wade into negotiations with the Federal Aviation Administration to secure controls on aircraft to reduce the noise for those in neighborhoods beneath flight paths.
Mr. Van Scoyoc, who is midway through his second term as a councilman, rebutted that the current Town Board has, in fact, made great strides in advancing efforts to get better control of the airport, despite a federal court's striking down curfews on aircraft traffic the board imposed in 2015 and 2016. The councilman said that the town's recent decision to begin a so-called Part 161 application for legally enforceable flight restrictions is the only route the town can take.
Both candidates said they do not support closing the airport.
Despite being asked twice by moderators on Monday night, none of the candidates were able to shed much light on a clear path to improving the town's government and community services to Latino immigrants, beyond attempts to improve outreach.
Mr. Van Scoyoc and Ms. Burke-Gonzalez, the incumbents, noted that the current board had created a Latino Advisory Committee, which had been successful in drawing large crowds to informational meetings last year, but which has seen its effectiveness and participation wither in the wake of fears over Trump administration calls for more aggressive deportations of undocumented immigrants.
Mr. Vilar, the son of a Portuguese immigrant, said he might consider creating a new town post specifically to work on immigrant relations—something Ms. Burke-Gonzalez also nodded to as having been successful in the East Hampton School District.
The need for more "affordable" housing also was a major highlight, with all the candidates supporting it in general but each offering different views of what is being done and what should be done.
Mr. Larsen once again played the foil, highlighting projects that haven't been completed by the current administration, while Ms. Burke-Gonzalez highlighted the realities of time lines for such things in municipal business.
Ms. Burke-Gonzalez lamented that getting affordable housing projects off the ground takes a "frustratingly long" amount of time, but noted that after four years of a Republican administration that had effectively stopped all work on affordable housing projects, the town now has some 60 units in the works, including the project Mr. Larsen referred to: a 12-unit "manor house" condominium that is awaiting Suffolk County Health Department approvals before being it can get a building permit to break ground. She also noted that the current budget proposal includes $2 million to advance new affordable housing projects and that the town is actively looking for potential new sites for affordable projects.
Mr. Giardina saw the most aggressive future for the town efforts, saying that the town should be looking to create 1,000 affordably priced residences, in a variety of forms, through public-private development partnerships.


text:
Q: TYPO3 xliff localisation in extension ist not working as expected I currently trying to localize some Webforms. which are made with TYPO3 v8 forms_formframework.
The Frontend shows always the translated label, it ignores the selected Language.
locallang.xlf
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xliff version="1.0" xmlns:t3="http://typo3.org/schemas/xliff">
    <file source-language="en" datatype="plaintext" original="messages" product-name="dm_layout">
        <header/>
        <body>
            <trans-unit id="kontaktformular.element.text-1.properties.placeholder" xml:space="preserve">
                <source>Original</source>
            </trans-unit>
        </body>
    </file>
</xliff>

de.locallang.xlf
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xliff version="1.0" xmlns:t3="http://typo3.org/schemas/xliff">
    <file source-language="en" target-language="de" datatype="plaintext" original="messages" product-name="dm_layout">
        <header/>
        <body>
            <trans-unit id="kontaktformular.element.text-1.properties.placeholder" xml:space="preserve">
                        <target>Kontakt DE</target>
            </trans-unit>
        </body>
    </file>
</xliff>

languages.ts (Typoscript is loading correctly)
config.language = de
config.sys_language_uid = 0
config.locale_all = de_DE.utf8

[globalVar = GP:L=1]
    config.language = en
    config.sys_language_uid = 1
    config.locale_all = en_GB.utf8
[global]

The English page should show: Original
The German page should show: Kontakt DE
But both restuling in 'Kontakt DE'
I did almost the same as How do you translate EXT:Form forms in TYPO3 CMS 8.7 LTS?

A: In your de.localland.xlf try instead:
<trans-unit id="kontaktformular.element.text-1.properties.placeholder">
    <source> Original </source>
    <target>Kontakt DE</target>
</trans-unit>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The LavishBrows™ Online Training and Certification Program is perfect for the Eyelash Extension Professional with experience in brow shaping who wants to expand their repertoire and increase their revenue. Eyebrow extensions make a lucrative add-on service to compliment eyebrow and eyelash enhancement services.
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This template can be used as an observation template to record the child's language.
This observation template is used to detail Biting incidents.
This photo observation template can be used as part of a child's observations.
This template can be used as an observation for children.
This observation template is used to observe a child engaging in Music and Movement.
This template can be used to show how a child benefits from playing in Dramatic Play.
This template is to provide an overview of a child's development over the period of a month.
This template can be used to link the child's developmental milestones to the EYLF.


Can I Hide Court Rule Events From My Calendar?
No, you're unable to hide Court Rule events from the Calendar.
To work around this, it's possible to create your Court Rules on a different Calendar in your account. This will allow you to separately toggle on and off your Court Rules Events. To create a new Calendar see here.


text:
/*
 * File: CSD_Cache.hpp
 * Last modified: $Date: 2011-08-21 05:35:30 +0100 (dom, 21 ago 2011) $
 * Revision: $Revision: 180 $
 * Last modified by: $Author: mario.arias $
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 *
 * Contacting the authors:
 *   Mario Arias:               mario.arias@gmail.com
 *   Javier D. Fernandez:       jfergar@infor.uva.es
 *   Miguel A. Martinez-Prieto: migumar2@infor.uva.es
 *
 */

#ifndef _CSDCACHE_H
#define _CSDCACHE_H

//#include "../util/lru.hpp"
#include "../util/lrucache.hpp"

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>

using namespace std;

#include <HDTListener.hpp>

#include "CSD.h"

namespace csd
{

typedef cache::lru_cache<uint32_t, string> LRU_Int;
typedef cache::lru_cache<char *, uint32_t> LRU_Str;

class CSD_Cache : public CSD
{
private:
	CSD *child;
	//LRU_Int cacheint;
	//LRU_Str cachestr;

  public:
    /** General constructor **/
	CSD_Cache(CSD *child);

    /** General destructor. */
    ~CSD_Cache();

    /** Returns the ID that identify s[1..length]. If it does not exist,
	returns 0.
	@s: the string to be located.
	@len: the length (in characters) of the string s.
    */
    uint32_t locate(const unsigned char *s, uint32_t len);

    /** Returns the string identified by id.
	@id: the identifier to be extracted.
    */
    unsigned char * extract(uint32_t id);

    void freeString(const unsigned char *str);

    /** Obtains the original Tdict from its CSD_PFC representation. Each string is
	separated by '\n' symbols.
	@dict: the plain uncompressed dictionary.
	@return: number of total symbols in the dictionary.
    */
    unsigned int decompress(unsigned char **dict);

    hdt::IteratorUCharString *listAll() { return child->listAll(); }

    /** Returns the size of the structure in bytes. */
    uint64_t getSize();

    /** Stores a CSD_PFC structure given a file pointer.
	@fp: pointer to the file saving a CSD_PFC structure.
    */
    void save(ostream & fp);

    size_t load(unsigned char *ptr, unsigned char *ptrMax) {
        return child->load(ptr, ptrMax);
    }

    /** Loads a CSD_PFC structure from a file pointer.
	@fp: pointer to the file storing a CSD_PFC structure. */
    static CSD * load(istream & fp);

    void fillSuggestions(const char *base, vector<string> &out, int maxResults) {
    	child->fillSuggestions(base, out, maxResults);
    }

    CSD *getChild() {
    	return child;
    }
  };
};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
8 Year Old Chandler Browning Visits KY House of Rep
Representative Meredith Welcomes Chandler Browning to Kentucky House of Representatives
Rep. Michael Meredith, R-Brownsville, recently welcomed Chandler Browning to the Kentucky House of Representatives as his personal page for the February 26th session of the General Assembly.
Chandler is a third grade student at Kyrock Elementary in Ms. Andrea Miller's class. He's the son of Brian and Heather Browning of Lindseyville.
Chandler has a love for presidential history and not only knows the presidents from memory, he also knows the years of their terms. "When we take trips, we have to plan on visiting presidential birthplaces along the way," said his dad, Brian. He also said that on several occasions, Chandler has discussed his presidential knowledge with Rep. Meredith, as they've developed a close relationship.
When asked how he would describe his big day in Frankfort, Chandler said, "It was awesome, and I wish I could be Rep. Meredith's page every day." He also wished to thank Meredith for the opportunity to allow his visit last week.
Chandler Browning, stands with District 19 Representative Michael Lee Meredith. (Photo: LRC Public Information)
Do you have info or stories like this that you'd like to see in the Edmonson Voice? Let us know! Send your info to: community@edmonsonvoice.com.


text:
Committee on Culture, Historic Preservation and Aging
Economic Development, Regulations & Agriculture
Government Operations, Consumers Affairs, Energy, Environment and Planning
Health, Hospitals and Human Services
Homeland Security, Justice, Public Safety and Veterans' Affairs
Housing, Transportation And Telecommunications
Rules and Judiciary
Session / Cmte. of the Whole
Youth, Sports, Parks And Recreation
Functions and Structure
Honor Roll Municipal Council
Honor Roll Service in the Legislature of the Virgin Islands
Legislative Glossary & Terms
Legislative Intro
Other Legislative Links
St. Thomas/St. John
Senator Athneil J. Thomas
Senator Donna Frett-Gregory
Senator Dwayne M. DeGraff
Senator Janelle K. Sarauw
Senator Marvin A. Blyden
Senator Stedmann Hodge, Jr.
Senator Steven D. Payne, Sr.
Senator Myron D. Jackson
Senator Almando "Rocky" Liburd
Senator Tregenza A. Roach, Esq
Senator Janette Millin Young
Senator Alicia "Chucky" Hansen
Senator Alicia V. Barnes
Senator Allison L. DeGazon
Senator Javan E. James
Senator Oakland Benta
Senator Novelle E. Francis, Jr.
Senator Kenneth L. Gittens
Senator Neville James
Senator Positive T.A. Nelson
Senator Nereida Rivera-O'Reilly
Senator Sammuel Sanes
Senator Kurt A. Vialet
Testifier Sign In
Senator-At-Large Steven D. Payne, Sr.
Session / Committee of the Whole
Committee Pictures
33rd Directory
« ALL FOUR COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PERMITS MOVES FORWARD
BILL TO INCREASE LIVING WAGE FOR GOV. EMPLOYEES MOVES FORWARD »
NOMINATIONS FOR THE V.I. RACING COMMISSION MOVES
ST. THOMAS- Members of the Committee on Rules and Judiciary, chaired by Sen. Novelle Francis, held a meeting at the Capitol Building to vote and approve the nominations of Sheldon Turnbull and Laura Palminteri, MD. to serve as a member on the V.I. Racing Commission for the St. Thomas-St. John District. The nomination was sent by the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands Kenneth E. Mapp as outlined in Section 16(c) of the Revised Organic Act of 1954, and Title 3, Section 65a of the V.I. Code.
Turnbull stated that although he is not an expert in the Horse Racing Industry, he has participated in various capacities. "I am a fan and a broadcaster for over twenty years. I have been involved in discussions concerning horse racing and its survival and growth in the Virgin Islands numerous times," said Turnbull. Sen. Janelle Sarauw inquired, "What research have you done regarding marketing on the mainland?" Turnbull noted that horse racing in the U.S. is very different in comparison to the Virgin Islands because locally there are limitations. However, interisland racing draws the most excitement amongst residents.
Some of Turnbull's goals are to unify the rules and operations between horseracing in both Districts and to have a balanced racing calendar between the Clinton E. Phipps and Randal Doc James Racetracks. "How would you balance the horse races between both districts?" asked Sen. Francis. In response, Turnbull said, "There is not a balance between holiday weekend races. Previously, there was a conflict with scheduling races, which hurts the industry. Therefore, he will tackle that issue."
Dr. Palminteri has over twenty years of experience working with thoroughbred racing in the Territory. She has a veterinary medical background and has worked as a track veterinarian for Yonkers Raceway, Meadowlands Racetrack, Monticello Racetracks, Belmont Racetrack and Goshen Raceway. "As a member, I would strive to elevate and modernize the standards of racing in the Territory and to make it as safe as possible for both the animals and jockey," she said.
"Do you see the Horse Racing Industry becoming lucrative for participants?" asked Sen. Janette Millin Young. Palminteri said, No, because financially horse racing barely breaks-even. Promoters are needed to attract visitors from the mainland to help the industry to grow locally.
Some senators expressed concerns of conflict of interest as it pertains to Palminteri becoming a member of the commission although she is the only veterinarian specializing in equine care in the Territory. In response, Palminteri stated that neither positions affect her role in horse racing from a medical viewpoint because she must examine each horse before the race.
Separately, lawmakers voted and approved the following bills below. All items approved will be forwarded to the full body for further consideration.
Bill No. 32-0173 – A Resolution Honoring and Commending "The Family Resource Center" for its services to victims and families in the US Virgin Islands throughout the years;
Bill No. 32-0244 – An Act amending Title 27 of the Virgin Islands Code, Chapter 1 Subchapter VII, Section 161 relating to the practice of optometry;
Bill No. 32-0245 – An Act amending Title 19 of the Virgin Islands Code, Part II, Chapter 15, Section 221 to define urgent care facilities and stand-alone facilities and section 223 to accept urgent care facilities from the requirement of getting a certificate of need mandating that these entities must take the MAP, Medicare, and uninsured patients;
Bill No. 32-0185 – An Act amending Title 23 of the Virgin Islands Code, Chapter 10, Section 1005 relating to the Governor of the Virgin Islands and emergencies and major disasters
Senators present are Novelle Francis, Positive Nelson, Janette Millin Young, Myron Jackson, Janelle Sarauw, Sammuel Sanes, Nereida Rivera O'Reilly, and Jean Forde. http://www.legvi.org/committeemeetings/Media/
August 23, 2018 / In Press Releases, Rules & Judiciary, Senator Novelle E. Francis, Jr. / By Africah Harrigan / Comments Off on NOMINATIONS FOR THE V.I. RACING COMMISSION MOVES
SICKLE CELL REGISTRY LACKING IN TERRITORY December 3, 2019
TRIBUTE TO 1733 REVOLUTION, BILL POSTHUMOUSLY HONORING FALLEN SOLDIERS MOVED FORWARD, UPDATED ON SENIOR HOUSING ON ST. JOHN November 22, 2019
LEASE AGREEMENTS, THE V.I. TIMESHARE ACT AND OTHERS MOVED FORWARD November 20, 2019
POLICYMAKERS APPROVED FIVE NOMINATIONS AND ONE BILL November 15, 2019
LAWMAKERS FORWARDED NINE NOMINATIONS TO THE FULL BODY November 14, 2019
District of St. Thomas-St. John / St. Croix
Legislature of the Virgin Islands Capitol Building, Charlotte Amalie P.O. Box 1690	St. Thomas	Virgin Islands	00804	United States
Legislature of the Virgin Islands
#1 Lagoon Street Complex	Frederiksted	St. Croix	00840	United States
Revised Organic Act of 1954


text:
Episode 2 Of W3 The Future's "America's Most Wanted" Tour Vlog [Video]
July 25, 2013 by Danny M
In the video above, you can watch episode 2 of W3 The Future's "America's Most Wanted" music festival vlog. During this episode, 3siXT, DG and Edge One head to Universal Records in New York City to meet with Radio Marketing and drop their "Wild Out" single.
Appearances in the clip can be seen by Birdman, 2 Chainz, T.I., Cortez Bryant, and E.I. A preview of W3 The Future's second single that was produced by Play-N-Skillz, "Work That Body", can also be heard playing at the end.
Click here to watch episode 1 of W3 The Future's tour vlog!
Episode 2 Of Tyga's Tour In The United Kingdom Vlog [Video]
Tyga Confirms Four Features On "Hotel California" In Episode 3 Of His Tour Vlog
Episode 2 Of Short Dawg's "The Fresh Files" Vlog [Video]
2 chainz, 3sixt, america's most wanted, appearances, behind the scenes, birdman, cameos, cortez bryant, dg, e.i., edge one, episode 2, footage, music festival, new york city, play-n-skillz, preview, radio marketing, single, sneak peek, t.i., tour, universal records, video, vlog, w3 the future, wild out, work that body, young money ent
5 Responses to "Episode 2 Of W3 The Future's "America's Most Wanted" Tour Vlog [Video]"
thirstay Says:
i heard lil wayne on the last song saying "young mula baby"….maybe he is a feature on it
Cortez Bryant Says:
These little guys stay knowing how to make people get up and wanna dance #love!
TRUKFIT Says:
THAT WILD OUT SONG SOUNDS LIKE A HIT #NOLIE
D5 Says:
Thay go hard wish thay wer on the rich gang album
Kobetdot Says:
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iIuEBvxzeQ4 copy and paste that link you will be directed to youtube to have a look at the 1 of 1 lowrider featured in w3thefuture video shoot for hit single work that body by the first group signed to the YM Labal.


text:
Реконкиста — термин, описывающий ирредентистские взгляды различных людей, групп и/или народов, считающих что Юго-Запад США должен быть политически или культурно возвращён Мексике. Такие мнения часто формируются на том основании, что на эти территории на протяжении веков претендовала Испания, а затем — Мексика с 1821 года, пока они не были переданы Соединенным Штатам во время аннексии Техаса (1845) и мексиканской уступки (1848) из-за Американо-мексиканской войны.

Предыстория
Термин Реконкиста означает «отвоевание» и является аналогией христианской Реконкисты мавританской Иберии. Районы наибольшей мексиканской иммиграции и культурного влияния совпадают с территориями, которые были захвачены Соединенными Штатами у Мексики в 19 веке.

Культурные взгляды

Мексиканские писатели
В статье 2001 года на латиноамериканском веб-портале Terra, «Продвижение испанского языка и латиноамериканцев напоминает Реконкисту», Элена Понятовска заявляла:

Одно из американских СМИ недавно заявило, что в некоторых местах, например в Лос-Анджелесе, если вы не говорите по-испански, то вас как-бы «нет». Это своего рода реконкиста (отвоевание) утерянных территорий с испанскими названиями, которые когда-то были мексиканскими.

[Сердечным тоном, сделав паузы и с улыбкой на лице, мексиканская писательница с удовлетворением прокомментировала изменения, происходящие в США в отношении восприятия латиноамериканцев и прогресса латиноамериканского сообщества в миграционных движениях]

Люди тараканов, блох, пришедшие из нищеты и невзгод, медленно продвигаются к Соединенным Штатам и пожирают их. Я не знаю, что со всем этим будет [в отношении предполагаемого расизма, который якобы все еще может восприниматься в США и других странах], но он [расизм] кажется врожденным заболеванием человечества.

В своем программном докладе на Втором Международном конгрессе испанского языка в Вальядолиде, Испания, в 2003 г. «Единство и разнообразие испанского языка, язык встреч», Карлос Фуэнтес сказал:

Что ж, я только что использовал английское выражение (отсылка к выражению «brain trust» в предыдущем абзаце), и это возвращает меня к американскому континенту, где 400 миллионов мужчин и женщин, от Рио-Браво до мыса Горн, говорят по-испански на территориях владений испанской короны в течение 300 лет; но на континенте, где на севере Мексики, в Соединенных Штатах, еще 35 миллионов человек также говорят по-испански, и не только на территории, которая сначала принадлежала Новой Испании и Мексике до 1848 года — этой юго-западной границе, которая простирается от Техаса до Калифорнии — но и к северной части Тихого океана от Орегона, к среднему западу от Чикаго и даже к восточному побережью Нью-Йорка.

По этой причине говорят о реконкисте (отвоевании) старых территорий Испанской империи в Северной Америке. Но мы должны обратить внимание на тот факт, что нам нужно выйти за рамки количества людей, говорящих по-испански, к вопросу о том, конкурентоспособен ли испанский в областях науки, философии, информатики и литературы во всем мире, к вопросу, недавно поднятом Эдуардо Субиратсом.

Мы можем ответить отрицательно, что нет, в области науки, несмотря на наличие выдающихся ученых, мы не можем добавить, как говорит великий колумбийский ученый Мануэль Элькин Патарройо, у нас в Иберо-Америке не более 1 % ученых мира.

В другой части своего выступления Фуэнтес вкратце вернулся к своей идее «реконкисты»:

Интересно отметить появление нового лингвистического феномена, который Дорис Соммер из Гарвардского университета с изяществом и точностью называет «континентальной смесью», spanglish или espanglés, поскольку иногда используется английское выражение, а в других случаях, испанское выражение, это интересное пограничное явление, временами опасное, но всегда креативное, неизбежное или судьбоносное, как, например, благодаря старым контактам испанского и других языков с науатлем (языком ацтеков), мы можем сегодня сказать шоколад, помидор, авокадо, и если не говорить дикая индейка (guajolote), можно сказать индейка (pavo), поэтому французы превратили наше слово для американской индейки (guajolote) в индейскую птицу, oiseaux des Indes o dindon, в то время как англичане, совершенно дезориентированные в отношении географии, называют её turkey, как Турцию, возможно из-за каких-то амбиций, которые не признаются в Средиземноморье от Гибралтара до пролива Босфор.

Таким образом, сегодня реконкиста, прежде всего отвоевание — приведет нас к статусу кво. Завоевание и колонизация Америки с помощью испанских военных и гражданских лиц было множественным парадоксом. Это была катастрофа для коренных общин, известных как великие индейские цивилизации Мексики и Перу.

Но катастрофа, предупреждает Мария Самбрано, является катастрофой только в том случае, если она ни к чему не приводит.

Все мы, коренные иберо-американцы, родились в результате катастрофы Конкисты. Сразу же мы стали метисами, женщинами и мужчинами с индейской, испанской, а позже и африканской кровью. Мы были католиками, но наше христианство было синкретическим убежищем коренных и африканских культур. И мы говорим по-испански, но мы дали этому языку американский, перуанский, мексиканский акцент… испанский язык перестал быть языком Империи, и он превратился в нечто гораздо большее … [он стал] универсальным языком, соединяющим европейскую и местную культуру….

Понятовска и Фуэнтес имеют концепции реконкисты, которые можно рассматривать как метафору языковых тенденций разнообразной группы народов в Северной и Южной Америке, которые в течение 500 лет были объединены испанским языком, что, между прочим, включает пограничный регион на юго-западе США.

Националистический фронт Мексики

Националистический фронт Мексики выступает против того, что он считает англо-американским культурным влиянием, и не признаёт договор Гуадалупе-Идальго, а также то, что его члены считают «американской оккупацией» территории, ранее принадлежавшей Мексике, а теперь образующей юго-запад Соединенных Штатов.

На его веб-сайте указано:

Мы отвергаем оккупацию нашего народа на его северных территориях, что является важной причиной бедности и эмиграции. Мы требуем, чтобы наши притязания на все территории, силой оккупированные Соединенными Штатами, были признаны в нашей Конституции, и мы будем храбро защищать, в соответствии с принципом самоопределения всех народов, право мексиканского народа жить на всей нашей территории в ее исторических границах, какими они существовали и были признаны на момент обретения нами независимости.

Карл Трухильо
Выдающимся сторонником Реконкисты был активист чикано и адъюнкт-профессор Карл Трухильо (1953—2015) из Университета Нью-Мексико (UNM). Он выступал за создание суверенной латиноамериканской нации, República del Norte (Республика Севера), которая будет охватывать Северную Мексику, Нижнюю Калифорнию, Калифорнию, Аризону, Нью-Мексико и Техас. Он поддерживал отделение Юго-Запада США с целью образования независимой нации чикано и утверждал, что Статьи Конфедерации предоставляют отдельным штатам полный суверенитет, включая законное право на отделение.

Трухильо, который преподавал в Программе изучения чикано UNM на годовом контракте, заявил в интервью: «Коренные латиноамериканцы чувствуют себя чужими на своей земле». Он сказал: «Мы остаемся подчиненными. У нас есть негативный образ нашей собственной культуры, созданный средствами массовой информации. Ненависть к себе — ужасная форма угнетения. Долгая история угнетения и подчинения должна закончиться», и что по обе стороны границы США и Мексики «происходит растущее слияние, возрождение связей… Чикано на юго-западе и мексиканцы на севере снова становятся одним народом». Трухильо заявил, что выходцы из Латинской Америки, которые достигли властных позиций или иным образом «пользуются преимуществами ассимиляции», скорее всего, выступят против новой нации, и пояснил:

Будет негативная реакция, мучительный ответ того, кто думает: «Дайте мне перерыв. Я только хочу сходить в Wal-Mart». Но идея просочится в их сознание и вызовет внутренний кризис, боль совести, внутренний диалог, когда они спросят себя: «Кто я в этой системе?»

Трухильо полагал, что República del Norte будет создана «любыми необходимыми средствами», но что она будет сформирована, вероятно, не гражданской войной, а электоральным давлением будущего большинства латиноамериканского населения региона. Трухильо добавил, что он считает своим долгом помочь сформировать «интеллектуальные кадры», которые задумаются о том, как новое государство может стать реальностью.

Сообщается, что в 2007 году UNM решило прекратить продление годового контракта Трухильо. Трухильо утверждал, что его «увольнение» произошло из-за его радикальных убеждений, и утверждал: «Срок полномочий основан на голосовании моих коллег. Немногие поддерживают мнение профессора чикано, отстаивающего национальное государство чикано».

Хосе Анхель Гутьеррес
В интервью изданию In Search of Aztlán 8 августа 1999 года Хосе Анхель Гутьеррес, профессор политологии Техасского университета в Арлингтоне, заявил:

Мы единственная этническая группа в Америке, которую разделили. Мы не мигрировали и не иммигрировали сюда добровольно. Соединенные Штаты приходили к нам в виде последовательных волн вторжений. Мы в некотором смысле пленники, люди-заложники. Мы хотим вернуть свою родину — это наша политическая судьба и наше право на самоопределение. Нравится им это или нет, неважно. Если они называют нас радикалами, подрывниками или сепаратистами, это их проблема. Это наш дом, это наша родина, и мы имеем на это право. Мы хозяева. Все остальные — гости… Мы не виноваты в том, что белые не рожают детей, а черные не растут в достаточном количестве, и нет других групп с целью снова объединить свою родину. Только мы делаем это. Эти цифры сделают это возможным. Я верю, что в следующие несколько лет мы увидим движение ирредентистов, выходящее за рамки ассимиляции, за рамки интеграции, за рамки сепаратизма, чтобы снова объединить Мексику в единое целое. Это ирридентизм [sic]. Одна Мексика, одна нация.

В интервью Star-Telegram в октябре 2000 года Гутьеррес заявил, что многие недавние мексиканские иммигранты «хотят воссоздать и объединить всю Мексику в единое целое. И они собираются сделать это, даже если это чисто демографически… У них будет политический суверенитет над Юго-Западом и многими частями Среднего Запада». На видеозаписи, сделанной веб-сайтом Immigration Watchdog, цитируемой в The Washington Times, Гутьеррес сказал: «Нас миллионы. Нам просто нужно выжить. У нас стареющая белая Америка. Они не рожают детей. Они умирают. Это вопрос времени. Взрыв у нашего населения». В последующем интервью The Washington Times в 2006 году Гутьеррес отступил и сказал, что «не существует жизнеспособного движения Реконкисты», и обвинил в интересе к этому вопросу закрытые сообщества и «правые блоги».

Другие мнения
Фелипе Гонсалес, профессор Университета Нью-Мексико (UNM), который является директором Юго-западного латиноамериканского исследовательского института UNM, заявил, что среди латиноамериканцев Нью-Мексико существует «некая скрытая родина», но «образованная элита должна подхватить эту идею [новой нации], поддержать ее и использовать как точку конфронтации, если она хочет добиться успеха». Хуан Хосе Пенья из Hispano Round Table в Нью-Мексико считал, что мексиканцам и американцам мексиканского происхождения не хватает политического сознания, чтобы сформировать отдельную нацию: «Сейчас нет движения, способного взяться за это».

Незаконная иммиграция на юго-запад иногда рассматривается как форма Реконкисты в свете того факта, что государственности Техаса предшествовал приток американских поселенцев в эту мексиканскую провинцию до тех пор, пока количество граждан США не превзошло численность мексиканцев (десять к одному) и они не взяли на себя управление этим районом. Теоретически произойдет обратное, когда мексиканцы в конечном итоге станут настолько многочисленными в регионе, что станут обладать значительным влиянием, в том числе политической властью. Некоторые аналитики говорят, что даже если это не запланировано, значительный демографический сдвиг на Юго-Западе может привести к «де-факто реконкисте».

Опрос Zogby в мае 2006 года показал, что 58 % мексиканцев считают, что Юго-Запад должен принадлежать Мексике.

Американский политолог Сэмюэл Хантингтон, сторонник существования Реконкисты, заявил в 2004 году:

В демографическом, социальном и культурном плане реконкиста (повторное завоевание) юго-запада Соединенных Штатов мексиканскими иммигрантами идет полным ходом. [Однако] значимый шаг по воссоединению этих территорий с Мексикой кажется маловероятным… Ни одна другая группа иммигрантов в истории США не заявляла и не могла заявить исторические претензии на территорию США. Мексиканцы и американцы мексиканского происхождения могут и делают это заявление.

Неолиберальный политический писатель Микки Каус заметил:

Реконкиста — это самую малость радикально. Мне сказали, что если вы поговорите с людьми в Мексике, если вы напоите их в баре, они скажут, что мы забираем это обратно, извините. Это не редкость в Мексике, так почему бы нам здесь не воспринимать это всерьез?… Это похоже на проблему Квебека, если бы Франция находилась по соседству с Канадой.

Другие лидеры латиноамериканских правозащитников говорят, что Реконкиста — не более чем маргинальное движение. Нативо Лопес, президент Мексикано-американской политической ассоциации в Лос-Анджелесе, когда репортер спросил о концепции Реконкисты, ответил: «Не могу поверить, что вы беспокоите меня вопросами по этому поводу. Вы несерьезны. Я не могу поверить, что вы возитесь с таким крохотным второстепенным элементом, который не имеет никакого отношения к этому населению».

Настроения реконкисты часто шутливо упоминаются средствами массовой информации для мексиканцев, включая недавнюю рекламу водки Absolut, которая вызвала серьезные споры в Соединенных Штатах из-за карты довоенной Мексики. Реконкиста — повторяющаяся тема в современной художественной и документальной литературе, особенно среди ультраправых авторов.

Национальный совет Ла-Разы, крупнейшая национальная организация по защите прав испаноязычных в Соединенных Штатах, заявил на своем веб-сайте, что он «никогда не поддерживал и не одобряет идею Реконкисты (право Мексики на возвращение земель юго-запада США) или Ацтлана».

Реальные действия

В начале 20 века
В 1915 году захват Базилио Рамоса, предполагаемого сторонника мексиканского диктатора Викториано Уэрты, в Браунсвилле, штат Техас, выявил существование плана Сан-Диего, цель которого часто интерпретируется как отвоевание Юго-Запада Соединенных Штатов для получения внутренней поддержки в Мексике для Уэрты. Однако другие теории заключаются в том, что план, который включал убийство всех белых мужчин в возрасте не менее 16 лет, был создан для того, чтобы подтолкнуть США, в конечном итоге, к успешной поддержке правления Венустиано Каррансы, главного лидера мексиканской революции. Большинство свидетельств подтверждают, что План Сан-Диего был разработан анархистами и направлен на обеспечение независимости только Южного Техаса, а не всего Юго-Запада Соединенных Штатов, для анархистской политической системы.

В 1917 году, согласно перехваченной телеграмме Циммермана, Германия в обмен на присоединение Мексики к ней в качестве союзника против США во время Первой мировой войны была готова помочь Мексике «отвоевать» потерянные территории Техаса, Нью-Мексико и Аризоны. Нет никаких доказательств того, что мексиканское правительство когда-либо серьезно рассматривало это, и такая попытка почти наверняка потерпела бы неудачу. Раскрытие телеграммы способствовало анти-мексиканским настроениям и стало одним из основных факторов, побудивших США объявить войну Германии.

Сегодня
Среди чикано в 1960-х этот термин не использовался, но они понимали, что «Ацтлан» должен подвергнуться культурному возрождению и расширению.

В конце 1990-х — начале 2000-х годов, когда данные переписи населения США показали, что количество мексиканцев на юго-западе Соединенных Штатов увеличилось, этот термин популяризировали современные интеллектуалы в Мексике, такие как Карлос Фуэнтес, Элена Понятовска и президент Висенте Фокс, который говорил о мексиканских иммигрантах, сохраняющих свою культуру и испанский язык в Соединенных Штатах по мере того, как они мигрировали в этот район в больших количествах.

В марте 2015 года, в разгар войны на Украине, когда США планировали поддержать Украину в борьбе против России, спикер чеченского парламента Дукуваха Абдурахманов пригрозил вооружить Мексику против Соединенных Штатов и поставил под сомнение правовой статус территорий Калифорнии, Нью-Мексико, Аризоны, Невады, Юты, Колорадо и Вайоминга.

См. также
 Реконкиста
 Мексиканцы в США
 Американо-мексиканская война

Примечания

Ссылки
Юго-запад США
Ирредентизм
Ирреденты

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I caught up with Adam Conlon, former front line British army officer turned stand up comedian.
In our interview, we explored the links between being at war and running your business, why making the most of the worst situation will keep you alive, as well as how The Queen may or may not have caressed Adam's thigh when he ended up sitting next to her Majesty, aslo knows as Big Liz, over dinner.
You can find out more about Adam's work at www.adamconlon.co.uk.


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By Derek E. Pemberton on	 December 2, 2021 Vietnam veteran
On December 5th, Rick Heppard and Bobby Brooks, better known as Running for Heroes, will run the 2021 EOD Warrior Holiday Dash 7K, Half and Full Marathon on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal in DC It will be their 12th marathon this calendar year.
Village of the Heroes' Bridge
Hero's Bridge Village, a project designed by Hero's Bridge of Warrenton, will be a community of cottages for the area's most marginalized veterans. A spokesperson for Hero's Bridge explained, "Here, veterans will receive the care and attention they need to enjoy their twilight years, comfortably alongside their siblings in arms.
Hero's Bridge Village will be the first small hospitality community of its kind to debut in Fauquier County. "It will lift our aging veterans out of the unsanitary living conditions, homelessness and social isolation in a home within a gated community," the spokesperson added. The location of the village was not chosen.
All donations made to Running for Heroes will be used to build the Hero's Bridge Village.
These are some of the veterans who could benefit from Hero's Bridge Village.
Doyne, a Vietnam veteran, fears that he will die alone and that his body will not be discovered for some time. He's also concerned about his little dog, Porkchop, if anything happens to him.
Mike, also a Vietnam veteran, has plumbing that freezes every winter, leaving him without water. Sheets of plastic hang over the doors to trap heat on the coldest days of winter. Her double-width trailer is infested with bedbugs, cockroaches and other insects.
Charlie, another Vietnam vet, was living on the streets near Washington, DC because he couldn't find housing willing to accept a vet voucher. Once he found accommodation, he slept on the floor because he could not afford furniture or household items. Sadly, Charlie passed away on October 8. His dream of being one of the first veterans to move to the village died with him.
On January 31, they ran in a temperature of 20 degrees to run their first of 12 marathons on snow-covered trails to raise funds and raise awareness of the housing needs of aging veterans and Hero's Bridge Village. The village will be a community of tiny houses that Hero's Bridge – an organization supporting elderly veterans – plans to build for the region's most marginalized veterans.
In their 12th marathon, Heppard and Brooks will take another step forward. They will have covered over 1,000 miles (during practice races and marathons) – 2,785 miles combined between the two of them.
They started this challenge in part because of what COVID-19 took away from Vietnam veterans. "2020 was the 50th anniversary of the Vietnam War and many commemorations and memorials that were due to take place have been canceled due to the pandemic," they said in a joint statement. Both men saw Vietnam veterans finally being recognized for their war efforts more than half a century ago, but the pandemic has spread and canceled events everywhere.
Throughout the year, Heppard and Brooks have been challenged by the weather, injuries and fatigue — all obstacles they can remember from their days on duty. Brooks is a US Army veteran of Operation Desert Storm and Heppard is a US Navy veteran of Operation Enduring Freedom.
To overcome pain and discomfort, the duo draw their strength from camaraderie: "I always enjoyed group races when I was on active duty. When everyone is singing, it motivates you. It distracts you from what your body is feeling. You focus on keeping your pace and your joy over (the cadence), "Heppard said.
In September, with two-thirds of the tracks behind them, they hit a wall: "… body fatigue and injuries made the race difficult. The knees, back and feet were really starting to protest the amount of running we were doing, but we were also busy with work and family so our normal training runs were fewer and more spaced, "said Heppard.
In marathon number 10: Heppard remembers: "At mile 23, we turned a bit away. On the way back to Old Town (Warrenton) we were passing the fire hall and a retiree stopped us and asked if we could walk him to the tour bus stop. A bus stop turned into the next bus stop, in front of Molly's.
Brooks and Heppard have no plans to end their fundraising efforts for the Village of Hero's Bridge at the end of 2021. "Our hope is to reduce and vary activities in the hope that people and groups can join us in this mission. Our fundraising goal for 2022 is $ 35,000, enough to pay for one of the tiny houses, "said Brooks. "Our plan for 2022 is a calendar of events that includes running, running and hiking accessible to people of all skill levels to continue to raise funds. We want to help ensure that local veterans, aged 65 and over, can live their final years in safety and comfort, "he added.
To date, Running for Heroes has raised almost $ 9,400, one-third of a goal of $ 26,000. They hope the community that cheered them on, mile after mile, will make a recurring donation of $ 26.2 to Running for Heroes. To donate, those interested can visit www.herosbridge.org/Village.
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Seeking two people to assist in Communications and data entry relating to planned and spontaneous baptisms; Also assist participants when baptisms are performed. Time required will be sporadic between events in addition to baptism days. Approximately no more than 10 hours per month.


On the 29th, we celebrated Orions 2nd birthday. I really wanted it to be a special day for him, but I think I failed. Mostly because I was so stressed. But I also felt like I spent a lot of the day saying "Orion, STOP!" He was climbing on dressers, getting on daddys computer, getting into the fridge etc. I also had planned on taking him to the library, but Phil drove to work that day, so I didn't have a car to go. (If it was warmer, we would have walked, but I refuse to walk when it is only 15 degrees out side!) To top off my stressful day, I tried a new recipe for frosting, and ruined it! It turned out more like a glaze then a frosting. But, the important part is, Orion still recognized that his cake was a train. We got him some balloons that he loved playing with (still does infact) and a Lighting McQueen car, that he loves. Grandma and Grandpa Bainbridge sent some slippers a while back, and we saved the McQueen pair for his B-day, and he loves those too. He was so sad when I told him he had to take them off so that we could put his boots on. The other gift he recieved was a stroller from his cousins. He really likes that too. So I guess, all in all, he had a good birthday evening.
1 year. This is him eating his b-day cake a year ago.
Happy Belated Birthday Orion!! It seems like just yesterday we were all pregnant with our 2-year-olds. It's crazy how time flys! Hopefully you are less stressed now.
Yeah! Happy Birthday to Orion...I can't wait to hear what he's going to get...a little brother or sister.
Happy Belated Birthday Orion! What a handsome little man he is becoming, it is amazing how quickly they grow.
What a sweetheart! I can't believe he's already 2 - it seems like just a short time ago that he was born. When do you find out what you're having? I want to know as soon as you find out!


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New sculpture in front of Apodaca
December 14, 2022 7:21 pm by Saydie Bean Views: 84
This article comes from a press release titled "New Sculpture Coming Soon to WCU's Apodaca Science Building"
Western Carolina University's Apodaca Science Building will have a new sculpture in front, named "Staurolite". The sculpture was created by artist Hoss Haley.
The piece will be installed shortly "within the next few weeks."
Rachel Hood, Marketing Manager for the Bardo Arts Center, said in a press release that Haley's sculpture will be a "12-foot representation of a Staurolite Twin, a native mineral commonly found in Northern Georgia but also present in the Western North Carolina region. The name 'Staurolite' comes from the Greek word 'stauros' for cross and 'lithos' for stone, giving it a literal translation of "'cross-stone.'"
The sculpture is made to look like this mineral.
"For many years, people have used fairy stones as good luck charms, believing that they protect the wearer," Haley said in the press release.
From his website, Haley wrote: "My perspective is that of an artist. I am not equipped to speak for the Cherokee, nor for the scientific community. I can only speak as an observer. In my research for this project I sought to find a common ground, a universal statement that spoke to the idea that all cultures seek meaning and understanding of humans' role on Earth. It was through this research that I was introduced to the Fairy Cross or Staurolite."
The piece is part of a collaboration with the Apodaca Science Building, WCU Fine Art Museum and WCU's Public Art Committee.
"During the design phase of the Apodaca Science Building in 2018-2019, the WCU Fine Art Museum and the University's Public Art Committee advocated for funds in the construction budget to commission and purchase site-responsive artwork that would be permanently displayed within the building's footprint," wrote Hood.
Together, they found pieces of artwork that have connections to Apodaca's design choices, like the sciences, through demonstrations from students and faculty or the Cherokee history in the area. The different advisors that went helped find the pieces are from different areas of study such as Anthropology, Geology, Biology, Chemistry & Physics and Cherokee Studies.
"Together with Hoss Haley's 'Staurolite' sculpture, the artworks enhance the students' learning experience in Apodaca and draw interdisciplinary connections between the sciences and the arts," Hood wrote in the press release.
The science building will be seeing more art pieces in 2023 from Joshua Adams, a member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee and WCU alum, as well as Mark Nystrom, an award-winning photographer, designer and art director for several universities.
Check out the Bardo Arts Center online through Instagram or Facebook with more updates on the upcoming artworks.
Tags: apodaca science building, bardo arts center, Fine art museum, Public Art Committee


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Published 04/23/2019 08:20:20 pm at 04/23/2019 08:20:20 pm in Fan And Light Switch Wiring.
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Q: Why is the field inside a hollow sphere zero? Say you have a hollow sphere with a uniformly distributed charge on the surface. Why is the electric field everywhere inside the sphere zero?
For the centre, its easy to add the vectors from the surface charges and show they sum to zero because of symmetry.
But can you show me how the field cancels out to zero for points other than the centre using vector addition?

A: It is very simple, but strictly applies to a conducting sphere.
From ANY point inside a sphere, draw a double cone that is zero dimension at that point.
The cross-section of the cone, can be any shape.
The two ends of the cone intersect the sphere in two similar shaped curved surfaces.   Any line from a point inside one of those areas, through the tip of the cone to the opposite surface has two sections with a ratio of A:B in length.
The areas of the two end cap surfaces, are also in the ratio of A^2:B^2 and so are the charges on those two areas.
Since the inverse distances squared are also A^2:B^2, the force on a charge at the cone tip is net zero.    This is true for any point in the sphere, and any cone angle or cross-section shape.
QED

A: Because any Gauss surface made inside the hollow sphere encloses no charge so the net flux is zero. And if the Gaussian surface is shrunk to zero dimension, the electric field is zero at that point.

A: The record that Virginia.edu explanation of the direction of gravity, is simply awful, although it gets the correct answer.  The direction is obvious, once it is understood that the gravity inside a shell is zero, so only the smaller sphere inside produces a gravity field, which can only point to the cg of the sphere.
Any surface that is perfectly NON-CONDUCTING can not have electric charges moving on its surface.
Therefore it is impossible to put a uniform distribution of charge, on a non-conducting sphere.
My proof is ONLY valid for a conducting surface.


The article here calls the coin a compromise - chosen over overtly biased options (the Golden Gate vs. palm tress; movie cameras vs. cable cars). Of course, the whole state is bordered with beaches, so that would've worked fine. Instead, the Sierra Club, interior dwellers, and camping types can raise a toast to John Muir. It's not that John Muir isn't important. But how many outside California will know who the dude on the quarter is? Maybe they'll think he's a 49er. Other states have pretty things - magnolia flowers, trees. Or obvious things - little boy with sap buckets for Vermonters, etc. I think we went a bit too obscure. There were quarters that did compromise - the Golden Gate with a palm tree - there, done! But no, this is what we got.
That's my two bits worth.


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SB IPHYS Microscopy spectromicroscopy and imaging Nanosciences Quantum photonics Ultrafast spectroscopy and optics
Laboratory of Quantum and Nano-Optics
Light-vibration Quantum Correlations
Video Credits: Santiago Tarrago Velez
The quantum harmonic oscillator
When atoms assembled in a more complex structure (molecule, crystal, etc.) are slightly displaced from their equilibrium position, they are subjected to a restoring spring-like force. In first approximation, for small displacements, the restoring potential is harmonic (proportional to the square of the displacement). Vibrational modes of molecules and crystals can therefore be described as harmonic oscillators.
The quantum theory of the harmonic oscillator is obtained by replacing the position and momentum canonical variables with non-commuting operators. This results in the following properties, which have no classical analog:
Quantized energy eigenstates: measurement of the oscillator energy can only yield discrete values, which are multiples of the phonon energy
Zero-point motion: there is a non-compressible uncertainty in the position and momentum of the oscillator, even at absolute zero temperature
Entangled states and non-locality: a single quantum of energy can be shared between two or more oscillators, possibly at different positions.
Observing Quantum Effects at Room Temperature
An oscillator always echanges energy with an environment at finite temperature. At equilibrium, the oscillator state is a classical mixture of energy eigenstates, with a mean number of excitations N roughly equal to the ratio of thermal energy to phonon energy.
The phonon energy is proportional to the vibrational frequency (the proportionality constant being the Planck constant h), while the thermal energy is proportional to the temperature (Boltzman constant kB). The oscillator frequency therefore sets the temperature below which quantum effects can be observed, as illustrated in the plot below.
Because the frequency of Raman-active vibrations in crystals and molecules is in the 1-100 THz range, the corresponding energy is larger than the ambient thermal energy, leading to quantum phenomena observable at room temperature.
Creating non-classical vibrational states
In the plot above, the "quantum regime" corresponds to a mean number of thermal excitations smaller than one. Being in this regime is not sufficient to observe non-classical effects. Indeed, most of the possible ways to excite a mechanical oscillator will result in either a thermal state, or a coherent state, both of which have classical descriptions.
Our approach to create a non-classical vibrational state, starting from a "cold" oscillator, is to use projective measurement. With a focused laser pulse, we will excite, with very low probability, the Raman-active vibrational modes of a molecule (or other nanostructure).
In this inelastic scattering process (Stokes scattering), a pair of quantum-correlated photon and phonon are spontaneously created. Performing a "strong" measurement on the photon (using a single photon detector) projects the state of the phonon in an energy eigenstate (Fock state n=1). Which vibrational mode is projected in a Fock state depends on the spectral window used for single photon detection. Indeed, the information concerning the frequency of the excited phonon mode is imprinted onto the wavelength of the scattered photon, because of energy conservation.
The scheme can be extended to create more exotic states, notably entangled state. For example, consider two Raman-active vibrational modes with nearby frequencies. We can broaden the spectral window of detection such that we lose (or "erase") the information concerning which particular mode was excited. Then, the oscillator state is projected onto an entangled state, with a single phonon shared between two vibrational modes. Entangled states are often considered to hold the essence of quantum mechanics, and are essential resources in quantum information processing.
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