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Home > Journals > Folia Zoologica > Volume 67 > Issue 3-4 > Article
1 December 2018 Occupation of crevice-type nest-boxes by the forest-dwelling western barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Alek Rachwald, Iwona Gottfried, Tomasz Gottfried, Marta Szurlej
Alek Rachwald,1,* Iwona Gottfried,2 Tomasz Gottfried,3 Marta Szurlej4,5
11Department of Forest Ecology, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, Sękocin Stary, 05-090 Rasz
22Department of Behavioural Ecology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Pola
33Polish Society of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura", ul. Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: go
44University of Białystok, Institute of Biology, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
55Mammals Research Institute, Poland Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland; e-mai
Folia Zoologica, 67(3-4):231-238 (2018). https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i3-4.a12.2018
We studied the occupation of crevice-type roosting boxes developed especially for barbastelle bats Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774). Some 290 of the boxes were installed (in groups of five) in six study areas located in Poland in forests of different tree species composition. Colonization of boxes took place in the first summer season after installation. Two years after installation, a high rate of occupancy was recorded (up to 100 % groups of boxes, depending on the area). The total number of bats involved was 478, 72 % of which was the target species. Occupancy rates were highest in oak stands and lowest in those dominated by Scots pine. In all but one of the study areas, barbastelles founded colonies (and in part at least breeding colonies) in the boxes of this type. The overall ratio of the number of barbastelle colonies to the observation of individuals/small groups is 32.4 % to 67.6 %, respectively. The use of such boxes thus provides the active protection of the bat in question, and the effective study of its populations.
The loss of trees with holes and other types of natural cavities (like trunk and bark crevices) is a key factor in habitat deterioration for many forest-dwelling animal species, including bats (e.g. Marsden & Pilgrim 2003, Lindenmayer et al. 2010, Cockle et al. 2011). Tree holes excavated by woodpeckers (Picidae), as well as other cavities provide typical summer shelters utilized by bats in temperate-zone forests. Thus the loss of such places of shelter as well as the loss of food resources are key factors threatening the persistence of bat populations, given that the cavities in question offer protection against predators, as well as breeding and rearing sites (Kunz & Fenton 2003).
Unfortunately, the process by which cavities in trees form naturally is an extremely protracted one (Gibbons et al. 2000, Vesk et al. 2008), while forestry practice (even if sympathetic to the retention of some cavitytrees in the stand) is less sympathetic to leaving in place standing dead trees that represent the source of many natural holes (e.g. Referowska-Chodak 2014).
The standard method by which to achieve at least a short-term increase in numbers of available shelters for bats involves the installation of bat boxes in tree stands. These may be constructed in a variety of different ways (Issel & Issel 1955, Zaborowski 1976, Stebbings & Walsh 1991). However, specific requirements as regards places of shelter and concealment have thus far ensured that the protective measure in question does little or nothing to improve habitat for barbastelle bats.
The barbastelle tends to find shelter in old broadleaved stands, mainly in oaks, beeches and hornbeams. It eschews the cavities excavated in trees by woodpeckers, instead making use of natural splits and crevices in the trunks of broadleaved trees, as well as gaps behind patches of bark detaching gradually from dying trees, and crevices formed in the forks of trunks (Spitzenberger 1993, Kowalski et al. 1996, Rydell & Bogdanowicz 1997, Sierro 1999, Hermanns et al. 2003, Russo et al. 2004, Manias & Ignaczak 2008, Hillen et al. 2010, 2011). It is quite common for such shelters to be found in dead trees, which in fact have the potential to ensure far more places of concealment of the required type. In beech forests in central Italy, 20 out of 33 day shelters noted for barbastelles were in dead trees, while eight were in trees with halfdead boughs, and a further five were in trees whose boughs were largely dead (Russo et al. 2004). During summer, barbastelles are sometimes found in wooden buildings, behind shutters, or in crevices in bridges (Rudolph et al. 2003, Sachanowicz et al. 2004, Wojtaszyn et al. 2008, Kühnert et al. 2016, Gottfried et al. 2017). However, the results obtained in the Białowieża Forest (the largest remnant of natural lowland European forests) suggest that barbastelle use of this type of shelter is secondary, and results from a shortage of natural shelters. This confirms the status of this species as originally a typical forest bat (Rachwald et al. 2017b).
Barbastelle often change their shelters during the summer. During pregnancy and lactation, shelters are changed, on average, from every 3.5 days (Russo et al. 2005) up to every 7.4 days (Kühnert et al. 2016). Barbastelle colonies usually are divided between several sub-colonies spread across the surrounding forest (Willis & Brigham 2004), although the main colonies also move (Russo et al. 2005). In general, the flexibility of colonies may be associated with both avoidance of predation, with parasite load and with the instability of the shelters themselves, because hiding places under the bark do not last too long. According to Russo et al. (2005), a single group of barbastelles used ca 18 different trees for one month.
The barbastelle is an endangered species that enjoys species protection in EU countries and requires active conservation measures if it is to persist. This reflects its ecological links with a type of forest environment that is itself threatened and is thus subject to protection in Natura 2000 areas. On the IUCN Red List (2017 and 2018 – 3.1), this species is assigned to the Near-Threatened (NT) category. In Poland, this bat is not very common, has an uneven distribution, and is in general of DD ("data deficient") status (Głowaciński 2002, Gottfried et al. 2015). For all of these reasons, it is very much indicated that protective measures be devised and put into effect to ensure an improvement in the quality of suitable habitat, and hence an improved conservation status for the barbastelle.
To this end, work began in 2014 as part of a project implemented jointly by the Forest Research Institute (Poland) and the University of Wrocław. This entailed the installing of a new type of bat box specifically for the barbastelle, given that it is considered to better imitate the natural cracks the species favours. The project drew on solutions arrived at in the United Kingdom by F. Greenaway (see Greenaway & Hill 2004). The project thus sought to determine if colonization by barbastelles of this new design of box would take place, and if the barbastelles would found breeding colonies in these artificial shelters. A further aim was to determine whether boxes of the type on trial might be applied as an active conservation measure for barbastelle.
The research made use of boxes that were a simplified version of those designed by F. Greenaway. The dimensions of the boxes were as follows: height 80 cm, width 16 cm, roof 17 × 17 cm, board thickness 2.5 cm, the distance between vertical elements (crevice) 2 cm (Fig. 1).
Areas in which different types of forest are present were selected for the trials. Specifically, these forests were of oak, beech, and pine, as well as mixed. The boxes were put up in the August 2014-March 2015 period in six areas in Poland (Fig. 2). They were (in SW Poland): Uroczyska Płyty Krotoszyńskiej (i.e. Krotoszyńskie Oaks – a site in Krotoszyn Forest District); Wrzosowiska Przemkowskie (in Przemkowski Landscape Park, and administered by Przemków FD); Muszkowicki Forest (in Henryków FD); Czeszowska Plain (in Oleśnica Śląska FD); as well as areas in central Poland (Mazowsze region) – i.e. Chojnowski Landscape Park (south of Warsaw, in Chojnów FD) and Naruszewskie Oaks (east of the River Wisła, Naruszewo Area of Protected Landscape). In terms of their dominant tree species, the study areas are as follows: 1) Krotoszyńskie Oaks – oak, 2) Przemkowski LP – Scots pine, 3) Muszkowicki Forest – beech, 4) Czeszowska Plain – mixed forest with no clearly-dominant species, 5) Naruszewskie Oaks – oak, 6) Chojnowski LP – mixed forest with no clearly-dominant species.
A feature of all the areas selected was that barbastelles had been recorded in them previously (by means of ultrasound recording or netting). Boxes were installed in forest on the basis of consent given by the forestry administration, as well as the authorities associated with nature conservation management within the Landscape Parks and Natura 2000 sites.
In each area, 50 boxes were installed – in groups of five arranged as a quincunx, with side lengths of around 15 m (adjusted in line with actual conditions in the field). This denoted that each area received ten groups of boxes (or had ten "points"), with these, 200-600 m distant from each other. An exception was the Muszkowicki Forest area, in which just 40 boxes (eight groups of five) were located. Boxes were attached to trees at a height of four meters, usually along forest compartment boundary roads, though at some distance (up to 30 m) in from the road edge.
The idea to group boxes arose from the fact that barbastelles (like such other species as Bechstein's bat Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) make frequent changes of location of their breeding colonies (Russo et al. 2005, Kühnert et al. 2016). The assumption was thus that a larger number of extra roost sites in close proximity would be required by the bats. This had further consequences for the processing of results, given that the unit (or point) under consideration is most often the group of five boxes rather than the single box.
In south-western Poland, the boxes were installed in the field in autumn 2014, with checks initiated in 2015; while in the central part of the country the boxes were installed in spring 2015, with checks beginning in 2016. Checks were carried out three times in the course of a season (in June, August, and October), with the monitoring effort beginning in the calendar year following the one in which boxes had been installed. Each of the six areas was checked for the subsequent two years.
The division of reports adopted for the purposes of analysis involved the two categories of: 1) colonies of bats (5 or more animals in a box); 2) lone individuals or small groups (< 5 in a box).
Thus groups of five or more bats present in a box were categorized as colonies, though with precise status not determined in most cases, with the possibilities being bachelor groups (Ruprecht 1976), or groups of individuals that would not go on to breed at all. To try and verify the status of such groups, one further evening examination of each box in which a group of barbastelles had been noted was made in the Czeszowska Plain area (in June). Such observations, made when adults had left for their night flights allowed the presence of non-flying young remaining behind to be observed. The status of groupings as breeding colonies was confirmed in this way.
As summary results from more than one check are given, the terms "recorded" or "observed" are resorted to (as opposed to "number of bats"), because consecutive monitoring sessions during one season most probably re-recorded the same individuals and groupings of bats to a great extent. This leaves it more correct to refer to recording or observation than to an absolute number of animals in a given area by simply summing up the individuals observed during subsequent inspections.
Boxes were checked from the ground, with the aid of a hand-held lamp plus binoculars or a camera with a telephoto lens. This made it possible to identify barbastelles to species level, and other bats to the level of the species, a group of species or genus, without any major disturbance of the bats in the boxes. The results presented derive from two years of work in the case of each study area. Statistical analyses were carried out using the R 3.5.1 programme, as well as Python Statistic.
Crevice bat-box in its natural habitat.
Research areas on the background of the map of forestation of Poland. 1 – Muszkowicki Forest, 2 – Czeszowska Plain, 3 – Krotoszyńskie Oaks, 4 – Przemkowski Landscape Park, 5 – Naruszewskie Oaks, 6 – Chojnowski Landscape Park.
Comparison of the occurrence of barbastelles in different areas, with data from the two seasons taken together, and with overall reports of all animals in each area being compared. 1 – Muszkowicki Forest, 2 – Czeszowska Plain, 3 – Krotoszyńskie Oaks, 4 – Przemkowski Landscape Park, 5 – Naruszewskie Oaks, 6 – Chojnowski Landscape Park.
Numbers of observations of colonies of barbastelles in different study areas, as noted in the course of six checks during the two first seasons of study following the one in which boxes were placed out in the forest. 1 – Muszkowicki Forest, 2 – Czeszowska Plain, 3 – Krotoszyńskie Oaks, 4 – Przemkowski Landscape Park, 5 – Naruszewskie Oaks, 6 – Chojnowski Landscape Park.
Year-on-year (percentage) change in the occupation of points in the different study areas by barbastelles. Data are combined for occupation through the season as a whole. 1 – Muszkowicki Forest, 2 – Czeszowska Plain, 3 – Krotoszyńskie Oaks, 4 – Przemkowski Landscape Park, 5 – Naruszewskie Oaks, 6 – Chojnowski Landscape Park.
Comparison of season-to-season variability (between checks) in terms of the occurrence in boxes of colonies of barbastelles and of specimens in the single/small group category, in the course of the two research seasons (summed data from the separate reports made each month).
The type of box on trial was occupied by barbastelles in the first season of activity following installation in forests. However, the process of occupation was not uniform, with differences noted most likely associated with dominant tree species present. The result of the Kruskal-Wallis H-test was h = 20.792 (p < 0.005), with the post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test, revealed significant results for the Czeszowska Plain/Przemkowski LP comparison (p < 0.05), as well as that between Naruszewskie Oaks and Przemkowski LP (p < 0.005). Remaining pairings did not differ significantly (Fig. 3).
Among the six study areas, two had boxes with colonies of barbastelles in the first research season, while four areas yielded positive reports in the second season. Observations made once adults had flown from boxes on the Czeszowska Plain allowed the presence of the young in the shelters to be confirmed, which supported the view that boxes contained breeding colonies.
Breakdown by species and number of reported bats occupying boxes through the study period in the different study areas. "Indet" denotes an unidentified bat (albeit with the possibility of it being B. barbastellus excluded).
While groupings were observed in forests of various different site types, most colonies over the two research seasons were associated with boxes in the Naruszewskie Oaks area (n = 12). The only habitat in which no colonies of barbastelles were found in the boxes was pine forest (in Przemkowski LP). In these circumstances, differences between areas in terms of the distribution of colonies achieved statistical significance (Kruskal-Wallis H-test, h = 16.5875, p < 0.05; post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test, p < 0.05 for the Naruszewskie Oaks/Przemkowski LP pairing. Other combinations did not reveal statistically significant differences (Fig. 4). The year-on-year comparison did reveal differences (typically greater numbers of bats in the second season). Only in the Naruszewskie Oaks area was the reverse trend noted, though here the overall level of occupancy was anyway very high (Fig. 5).
Across the different study areas taken together, there were no significant changes in occupancy from one year to the next, with the August t-test figure (coinciding with the highest level of occupation) being t = 1.581 (p = 0.175). Given this lack of significant differences, further comparisons were based on data for the two years combined.
At least nine bat species were found in the boxes (some of them unidentified to the species level, Table 1) with a total of 478 bats (individual specimens and from colonies altogether) with 72.2 % of these (n = 345) identified as barbastelles. The only area in which the species in question accounted for a minority of the bats found was Przemkowski Landscape Park (Fig. 1). This was also the area in which the smallest overall number of bats was reported from the boxes (Table 1).
In most cases, single bats were recorded in the boxes. Larger groups of individuals or colonies consisted solely of barbastelles, or else individuals of Pipistrellus species (though with no more than five bats present together in the latter case). The progression of the summer season was characterized by certain differences between the appearance of colonies and single specimens of the barbastelle. Over two seasons, observations showed that the latter species was most likely to be present in colonies at the beginning or middle of the season (peaking in August), with a decline noted subsequently. In contrast, the number of single specimen observations rose uninterruptedly through to October (Fig. 6). The overall ratio of the number of barbastelle colonies to the observation of individuals/small groups is 32.4 % to 67.6 %, respectively.
The observed differences did not achieve statistical significance in this case (t-test, t = –2.301, p = 0.08), perhaps because the sample size was too small. However, significant differences in the level of occurrence of all barbastelles taken together were noted over the season, i.e. between checks (one-way ANOVA, f = 3.947, p < 0.05).
As has been alluded to, there are very few reports of barbastelles being found in bat boxes of any kind in forests. Exceptions relate to reports of these bats in boxes reported as "very similar to the Stratmann FS1 type" installed in Czech forests, which were once even found to support a breeding colony of barbastelles (Chytil 2014). Relevant data published in Poland include only one report of the species being present in a typical bat-box (Błachowski 2011).
The results detailed here confirm unambiguously that the boxes of the crevice types tested are readily occupied by barbastelles. Furthermore, the findings for the two years of trials attest to a marked preference for boxes of the new design being shown specifically by barbastelles, as opposed to the other species present in the same study areas (Table 1). This is a desirable result, given that remaining species colonize boxes of other designs. In several decades of observations on the summer colonization and occupation by bats of bat boxes as well as bird boxes, reports of the barbastelle have tended to be at best incidental and at worst absent altogether, in favour of other species of bats, e.g. from the genera Pipistrellus and Myotis (e.g. Stebbings & Walsh 1991, Błachowski 2011).
It is further important that, even in the first season, barbastelles occupying the crevice-type boxes establish colonies in them – a fact that must be considered to augur well for the effective longer-term conservation of the species in question. The level of occupation of boxes by the bats was higher in most areas in the second year of monitoring than in the first (Fig. 5). Given that bats are usually quite slow to colonize boxes – to the extent that these often remain unoccupied even several years after installation (or are in fact never colonized, e.g. Krzanowski 1961) – the results obtained here indicate that the boxes used in this trial represent highly-attractive shelters for barbastelles.
Notwithstanding the rather short duration of the trial described here, it was possible to observe differences in the colonization of boxes between forest areas of differing stand composition (Fig. 3), as well as differences between the study areas where the tendency to found colonies was concerned (Fig. 4). Furthermore, these differences can be regarded as a genuine reflection of habitat preferences known for the species under study, in particular its preference for old deciduous, especially oak forests (np. Sierro 1999, Hillen et al. 2010, 2011). Though it is interesting to note that barbastelles were even reported from boxes placed out in the species' least-preferred habitat of pine forest (Przemkowski Forest). The pine forest is still the main economic woodland type in continental Europe, but is characterised by a relatively small number of dead standing trees and natural bat shelters. Our data confirm results of Greenaway & Hill (2004) and suggest a role for the new-design boxes in raising the level of attractiveness (and potentially, therefore, barbastelle population sizes) in habitat sub-optimal for the species on account of tree species composition or the young age-classes characterizing stands. This is obviously a key matter warranting further study.
The differences in the sizes of bat groupings in boxes observed in the course of the season probably reflect a phenological phenomenon. Larger groupings (of more than five individuals) are probably mainly breeding colonies. Before the beginning of October, larger groups have usually splintered, with the result that the proportion of all reports involving single individuals is greater in the third period (Fig. 6). This implies that barbastelles use the available shelters, not only to found breeding colonies but also as a shelter through the whole period over which they remain active. This idea is supported by the observation that single bats may be present in the boxes as late as in November (Rachwald et al. 2017a).
The main aim of the deployment of bat boxes in trees is to achieve bat conservation in transformed forests that lack old trees, and hence natural places of shelter. The work presented here makes it clear that, if boxes of the crevice type are placed out in the habitat, an increase in the number of places of shelter suitable for barbastelles can be achieved. The use of boxes constructed in this way is, therefore, proposed as a conservation measure, given that it brings about an improvement in habitat conditions for barbastelles where the natural shelters for which individuals of this species show a preference is lacking. Action of this kind may, for example, be undertaken in forest areas included within the Natura 2000 network, where barbastelles are the subject of protection measures, and where other suitable means of active protection are lacking.
The boxes trialled here also represent an instrument favourable to scientific research, given that a great deal of information on the presence of other species of bats in Europe's forests is gained by studying those individuals occupying standard boxes designated for either bats themselves or birds (e.g. Heise 1983, Rachwald 1992, Meschede et al. 2002, Ciechanowski 2005, Chytil 2014). Barbastelles have been largely excluded from these findings up to now, so the discovery of a kind of box they inhabit will not only help protect the species but will also – finally – facilitate more in-depth research of an ecological or ethological nature, as well as allowing for more generalized summer monitoring.
The authors would like to thank Justyna Dąbek and Katarzyna Tołkacz for their help with the fieldwork. The authors thank Dr. Frank Greenaway for kindly providing the original bat-box design. The research was carried out thanks to financial support from the Forest Research Institute (grant 260103), and the University of Wrocław.
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Alek Rachwald, Iwona Gottfried, Tomasz Gottfried, and Marta Szurlej "Occupation of crevice-type nest-boxes by the forest-dwelling western barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)," Folia Zoologica 67(3-4), 231-238, (1 December 2018). https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i3-4.a12.2018
Received: 31 August 2018; Accepted: 28 November 2018; Published: 1 December 2018
Folia Zoologica
Vol. 67 • No. 3-4
crevice bat-boxes
forest type
Alek Rachwald, Iwona Gottfried, Tomasz Gottfried, Marta Szurlej "Occupation of crevice-type nest-boxes by the forest-dwelling western barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)," Folia Zoologica, 67(3-4), 231-238, (1 December 2018)

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Please keep to the path
We read the best conservation psychology research so you don't have to
About please keep to the path
This blog is about all things conservation psychology. Here we present succinct bytes of recent psychological research applied to the conservation of biodiversity and highlight insights from psychology that may have the potential to benefit conservation challenges.
If you know of or have conducted any important, useful or interesting research that is not yet in our database, why not consider submitting your own bytes. Get in touch with us through our contact page.
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Alex Kusmanoff
Alex Kusmanoff has a background in law and environmental science, and has also worked in various policy roles for the Australian and Victorian governments. He has more recently completed a PhD with the RMIT Interdisciplinary Conservation (ICON) Science lab, in which he investigated use of framing techniques for enhancing conservation messages. Alex is currently continuing this research theme with the Australian Government's National Environmental Science Program's Threatened Species Recovery Hub project: using social and economic opportunities for threatened species recovery. His research applies social science concepts, particularly from psychology and economics, to empirically test alternatively-framed information, and to analyse contemporary conservation communications.
Matthew Selinske
Matthew is a PhD candidate with the Interdisciplinary Conservation ICON Science lab at RMIT University. Matthew is currently working on a range of research projects including evaluating the social dimensions of private land conservation, biodiversity footprint analysis, conservation behavior change and predictive modeling of human behavior.
Previously, Matthew worked in forest and prairie restoration projects in Minnesota and New York, and managed a protected area in West Africa, focused on primate conservation. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Minnesota College of Natural Resources and his MSc from Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science at Imperial College London. His research is supported by RMIT University, the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, and the Australian Government's National Environmental Science Program's Threatened Species Recovery Hub.
Emily Gregg
Emily is a PhD student with the ICON Science lab at RMIT University. She has a background in ecology and wildlife management, and is interested in transferring knowledge from other disciplines, such as strategic communications and social marketing, to improve outcomes for both wildlife and human communities. Her PhD project aims to improve communications for threatened species conservation, with a focus on effectively engaging the public and decision-makers with so-called "non-charismatic" species, including reptiles, rodents, and invertebrates.
Nicholas Yarmey
Nicholas has a degree in environmental science from the University of Alberta Augustana Campus. His background spans the natural and social sciences, including research on mitigating human-beaver conflicts, sustainability outreach, and community-based research for Indigenous communities across Canada. The thread that ties his work together is a desire for human-human and human-nature coexistence.
He is currently a masters student at the University of Connecticut in natural resources and the environment, where he is researching conflicts between humans and black bears. With expansion of both black bear populations and human development, conflicts between the two species are becoming more frequent and require management. His work combines quantitative and qualitative social science and GIS to better understand residents' attitudes towards bears and their preferences for management.
Categories Select Category Behavioural economics (2) Behavioural interventions (3) Biodiversity behaviors (2) Climate change (1) Connection to nature (2) Conservation science (2) Education (2) Emotion (2) Energy consumption (1) Environmental Activism (2) Evaluation (2) Framing (6) Human wildlife conflict (2) Messaging (4) Monthly summary (1) Motivations (1) Nudges (4) Policy (2) Private land conservation (2) Protected area (2) Situational theory of publics (1) social norms (2) Spotlight (6) Theory of planned behavior (1) Tipping points (1) Uncategorized (1)
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Spotlight – Zoids: Chaotic Century – Moonbay
Here we again return, readers, to the burning deserts of the planet Zi! Although there will be more Zoids posts coming out next year, this will be the final one until 2019. I wanted to cover the main cast for the show before the year was out, so it seemed best to shift my earlier plans around in order to give Moonbay her dues today. There will be more and different Spotlight! articles forthcoming in January, however, so don't think I have forgotten any of my promises! 😉
That being explained, let's stop beating around the bush and get to business. First encountered by Van and Fiona in the episode "Sleeper Trap," Moonbay serves as the mother figure of their group during the first half of the season. In this way she is a little like Star Wars Rebels' Hera Syndulla. But where Hera is relaxed and laid back, Moonbay is feisty, fiery, and more than willing to tell off her hotheaded young charge, Van Flyheight.
Sharp-tongued and flirty, Moonbay has a good head for business and brooks no nonsense she herself does not commit. Though she can strike viewers as a bit greedy in her business dealings, the reality is that Moonbay is not a mercenary. Because she loves to travel and wants to preserve her independence, she needs to acquire a respectable influx of cash whenever she can get it. After all, it isn't easy maintaining a zoid or buying supplies that will last over the course of long distance trips.
This is especially true after she hooks up with Van, Fiona, and Irvine, whom you can read about here, here, and here. Once she joins their party, Moonbay has three other mouths to feed and two extra zoids to maintain. Since the distances between villages and cities are rather long, that means more food has to be bought so the gang doesn't run out of chow in the middle of nowhere.
The episode "Moonbay's Waltz" demonstrates clearly that Moonbay is not the mercenary she first appears to be. In the course of this episode, Moonbay runs into an old sweetheart, a millionaire known only as McMan. McMan reveals he previously asked Moonbay to marry him, inviting her to a ball to introduce her to his family, but she never showed. Moonbay eventually admits that she ran away because she believed they were so different that a marriage between them would not work.
Thus one can see that the reason Moonbay is always looking for a big score isn't because she loves money. She could have had more than enough if she had married McMan. The reason she is always bargaining for extra cash or, sometimes, swindling money from someone is so that she can support her footloose lifestyle. Being a carefree "transporter of the wasteland" is what she wants to do, and she will do whatever she must to ensure that she can keep going in this profession. Now that I think about it, she and Lando Calrissian would probably get along very well, not to mention have bucket loads of fun together.
In terms of fighting skill, Moonbay is actually pretty good at hand-to-hand combat. She does not do it often and, in a straight up physical competition, she would lose to a man in a few seconds. But when push comes to shove, she can and will fight. In the episode "Jump! Zeke!", she took a Republican soldier by surprise, disarmed him, and held his arms pinned to his sides. Since he was about a head and a half to two heads taller than she was, not to mention broader, it is unlikely that Moonbay could have kept him prisoner for very long.
But as she proved in the next scene, she only had to hold him for a few seconds. What she lacks in terms of physical fighting power Moonbay more than makes up for in her wits. Keeping the soldier's arms pinned to his sides, she managed to broker a deal to help the Republican Army defeat an incursion attempt by the Imperial Army in the following installment, "The Battle of Red River." The deal paid well at the same time it got her, Van, Fiona, and Irvine out of trouble for blowing up a Republican sleeper trap. Using her business sense, wits, and the element of surprise, Moonbay hauled the entire gang out of a nasty bit of legal trouble.
These particular skills extend to her piloting abilities as well. Moonbay's primary zoid throughout the series is her fuschia Gustav which, though it has thick armor, is not much of a fighter. Moonbay was only able to install one set of twin cannons beneath an armor joint between two of the shell's plates. Though Irvine once told her she should install more weapons on it, Moonbay pointed out that the zoid would be too heavy to travel if she did that. So she sacrificed greater firepower for mobility.
As she proved, however, the Gustav can do plenty of damage when no one sees it coming. Using the zoid's thick armor and hidden cannons, Moonbay could achieve a variety of attacks in combat. These ranged from bowling over two-legged opponents to firing two precise and incapacitating shots into an enemy zoid, disabling it at once. There were other occasions when Moonbay used the Gustav as a shield to protect herself and others from deadly explosions or shots as well.
Moonbay also became an excellent Pteras pilot. (More on that zoid next year – I promise!) She literally learned that skill on the fly, but proved to be a quick enough study that she and her passengers survived the experience. Due to her transporter skills, she also mastered the enormous Ultrasaurus later on in the series. A huge zoid that was basically a walking city/military base, once she was in the cockpit Moonbay grabbed the controls and didn't let go. Despite constant reminders, she loudly and publicly proclaimed the zoid was "her" Ultrasaurus. Since she was the one piloting it ninety-nine point nine percent of the time, no one could really argue with her on that one.
Moonbay in her "Legendary Fireball" attire.
Though it was only revealed in the standalone episode "Phantom," Moonbay also had a "need for speed." She was once a champion racer known as the Legendary Fireball. Eventually, she quit the racing circuit for some unknown reason, only to return to the track briefly in "Phantom." Due to a mistake during the race she lost the competition and, as far as I know, that was the last time she raced.
When it comes to relationships, in the first half of Chaotic Century Moonbay is definitely the mother figure for the younger members of the gang. This is most apparent in her relationship with Van; as noted previously, she will happily tell him off when he misbehaves or does something foolish. Occasionally she adds force to her lessons, punching, elbowing, or shoving Van around to get her point across. The reason for this is because she is trying to drive home the point that he has to "look after [him]self," as there will come a time when no one else can or will take care of him.
Although their relationship is fraught with these kinds of confrontations early on, the fact is that the two do care about each other a great deal. Moonbay is not one to wear her heart on her sleeve, but she does admit that Van is "a pretty good kid," and that she admires his determination to succeed no matter what. Even when he is older and more able to manage his own affairs, Moonbay still appears to consider him "her boy."
This may have been shown best when she interposed her Gustav between Van's downed Blade Liger and Raven's resurrected Geno Saurer. Despite the fact that this resulted in a grave wound for her zoid, Moonbay didn't regret the sacrifice when Van apologized in the next episode. While her reassurances didn't alleviate his guilt, the fact that Moonbay blew off the severe damage showed she considered it a small price to pay for protecting him.
Her relationship with Fiona was less motherly and more sisterly. During the first half of the series the younger girl's naïveté meant that she had to be watched over and protected more than a normal girl her age. When not "flying RIO" with Van in combat she remained with Moonbay, who took her under her wing. Slowly, through her time spent with the older girl, Fiona became assertive, gaining a decisiveness she had not demonstrated beforehand. Although she never became as feisty or fierce as Moonbay, the older woman did help instill in Fiona a strength of will that aided her later in life.
Moonbay also helped the girl relearn her way around zoids. As the go-to mechanic in the gang, both Van and Irvine relied on Moonbay to keep their zoids healthy. This was due not only to the fact that she was a good engineer, but because she knew a technique that would help zoids to "self-recover" faster than normal. Fiona often helped her on these occasions, giving her the opportunity to become Van's personal mechanic later on. This skill also allowed her to aid scientists in upgrading his Blade Liger when she was older, which impressed Moonbay a great deal.
Another area in which the two were connected was in the way they worried over their men. As Fiona grew, she worried about Van more frequently because he began facing stronger and more deadly opponents. Knowing worry was useless, despite the fact that she often engaged in it herself, Moonbay did her best to support Fiona and help her relax before every big battle. The two were really close, shown by the fact that the only one Moonbay worried about more than Van was Fiona. If the younger girl was kidnapped or put in danger, Moonbay was instantly on the alert. Though she wasn't much of a physical fighter, she would do her best to go after and rescue Fiona, no matter the danger to herself.
Finally, with regard to Irvine, Moonbay sincerely respected and liked the mercenary. Throughout the series they flirted with and teased each other; their behavior was so natural that sometimes a viewer could almost swear they were married. Being somewhat older than Irvine, she had more experience in certain matters than he did – namely the management of funds and the foresight necessary to finance a group that included herself, two growing kids, and one eighteen year old man who was used to living and fighting on his own. Where Irvine acted as the voice of combat experience during the first half of the series, Moonbay maintained the group's social order and discipline. She made sure everyone ate on time, slept on time, and kept a tight rein on the way money was spent.
This meant that the two rarely argued or interfered with the other's role in managing the kids, especially Van. When Irvine told Van off for wallowing in self-pity or blaming everyone except himself for a mistake, Moonbay held her peace and let him do it, recognizing he was more effective in this area than she was. But when it came time to let the boy alone to think things through or to tell him the hard truth about how the world worked, then the mercenary would let Moonbay do the talking since she was the one who had more experience in such matters than he did.
None of this is to say that their relationship was without its rough patches. Irvine had to repeatedly tell Moonbay to jettison her cargo of Imperial ammunition in "Sleeper Trap," since her pride in never failing to deliver goods to an employer was putting them all at risk. In turn, she had to verbally slap him upside the head after his Command Wolf was wrecked by Raven later on in the series.
These instances of violent disagreement were rare and brief. Moonbay and Irvine made a good pair, shown by the fact that together they "raised" Van and Fiona right. To be perfectly honest, I've always suspected that they married after the series ended; they clearly cared about one another a great deal. During battles where Irvine was thrown around or injured, Moonbay often shouted his name, the way that Fiona would cry out if Van was injured. And while the mercenary often stated that Moonbay could "take care of herself" and was "pretty good in dangerous situations," he didn't appreciate it when she was threatened.
A future romantic relationship between the two is conjecture on my part, though, since the series leaves their relationship openended from start to finish. But while the writers may not have intended for them to be more than friends, I prefer to think Moonbay and Irvine became a couple at some point. She certainly couldn't get away with saying she and he were "too different" to make a good match – not after everything they had been through together!
The more I write about these characters, the less I am able to think of actors, actresses, and directors who could ably bring them to the silver screen. It's more than likely that an attempt to put them in a live action film would fail completely. They're perfect the way they are.
If a competent, respectful group of creators could be found to make a solid, beautiful film (series) out of the show, then I might be more hopeful. But as things stand I am much happier to have the anime than a film (series).
Which reminds me: if you want to see this great show yourselves, readers, it is available in its entirety on Amazon.com. For those of you who want to test the show out before laying down hard-earned cash for it, check out the English dub of Zoids: Chaotic Century here at www.watchcartoononline.com. Don't quit if you find the first two episodes a bit draggy and boring; wait until you reach "Sleeper Trap," "Jump! Zeke!," and "The Battle of Red River" before you make a decision. I doubt you'll be disappointed. 😉
'Til next time, readers:
"See you on the battlefield!"
This entry was posted in Spotlight! and tagged Blade Liger, children's animated tv shows, Fiona, Fiona Elis Linnet, Genosaurer, Gustav, Hera Syndulla, Irvine, Japan, Japanese Anime, Japanese cartoons, Japanese TV Series, Japanese TV Shows, Lando Calrissian, Moonbay, Spotlight!, Star Wars, Star Wars Rebels, The Blade Liger, The Genosaurer, TV series, TV Shows, Van Flyheight, Zoids, Zoids: Chaotic Century, Zoids: Chaotic Century - Discovery on November 23, 2018 by The Mithril Guardian.
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10 thoughts on "Spotlight – Zoids: Chaotic Century – Moonbay"
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Malorie Persky October 22, 2019 at 8:49 pm
Can you believe Star Wars is almost over?! That new trailer is just fantastic. The final fight between Rey and Kylo Ren is going to be epic.
Bookstooge November 23, 2018 at 6:56 am
Good call on not wanting a live action version. You just know hollywood would destroy it 😦
The Mithril Guardian Post author November 23, 2018 at 9:55 am
Probably. You know, based on your reviews of the Shaman manga (sorry, I've forgotten the series' name 😨) I think you would really like Chaotic Century. It has all of this mama's good points *without* the massive plot holes.
Bookstooge November 23, 2018 at 10:06 am
My concerns about Zoids is how "young" it feels. Is it a manga'ized?
The Mithril Guardian Post author November 23, 2018 at 1:34 pm
Zoids started life as a manga, but when I read about it, I didn't like that version very much. Just because my curiosity is piqued, what do you mean by "young," exactly?
Bookstooge November 23, 2018 at 4:38 pm
Yeah, anime and manga versions can be SO different. Big-O is a perfect example of that. The anime is awesome, the manga, rather blah.
By young, I mean simplistic, in either story, emotional makeup or characterization.
Now, that is all impression. I have no facts or viewing to back up ANY of that 🙂
I wouldn't watch an anime simply because I don't have the time, or really, I don't prefer to MAKE the time 🙂 That and I still have a bunch of the Yugioh anime to get through. I own all 5 seasons on dvd and have only gotten through season 3 in about 2 years, hahahahahaa…
They really can; it might have been the result of poor descriptive writing, but the Chaotic Century manga's plotline sounded very convoluted. I therefore tend to think of the anime as canon and the manga as non-canon. 😊
Ah – aha! 😃 I am extremely biased, obviously, but I don't believe Zoids: Chaotic Century is simplistic in any of these areas at all. Your descriptions of the heroes and themes/motifs in Shaman King (I finally remembered the series' name!) remind me of what I see in Zoids every time I watch it. If you want a second opinion of the series, though, you can find a description of it here: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoids:_Chaotic_Century, and here: http://zoids.wikia.com/wiki/Zoids:_Chaotic_Century. The second season is briefly described here: http://zoids.wikia.com/wiki/Zoids:_Guardian_Force.
I totally understand not wanting to dive into an anime you don't have time for, though, especially if you're already watching a different one. This is just a suggestion for a future date – the day when you somehow run out of good Japanese reading or viewing fare. Been there, done that, not fun!! XP
The thing is, I do consider Shaman King to be "young". It just fits my reading needs at the moment.
By the by, how long is the zoids manga, do you know?
Hmm…. Well then, maybe Zoids will fit your particular viewing needs someday. A fan can hope! 😉
I have no idea how long the Chaotic Century manga is, unfortunately. Amazon sells at least four of the issues (NOT cheap!) here: https://www.amazon.com/ZOIDS-Chaotic-Century-Vol-1/dp/156931750X/ref=mp_s_a_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1543101207&sr=8-8&pi=AC_SX236_SY340_FMwebp_QL65&keywords=zoids+chaotic+century&dpPl=1&dpID=6110XYZ9NEL&ref=plSrch. Beyond that, with the manga, I'm sorry to say I can't help you. 😢


For a better understanding of Interim orders, see courttips.ca and Family Law in BC's guides on How to get an Interim order.
Other Resources: Supreme Court Applications Guidebook, JP Boyd and Dial-a-Law.
Interim applications are for short term orders that will be in effect until a final order is made at your trial or by consent. These applications are not mandatory but you might find yourself needing to make one (e.g. to protect property, or to get information if your former spouse refuses to share it).
You may have noticed that in both the Provincial and Supreme Court flowcharts above, interim orders are available throughout the process. Usually you bring an interim application after a response has been filed and you've attended a Judicial Case Conference (JCC). However, for urgent problems (when there is an immediate need for a protection order), you can bring an application before going to a JCC.
An interim application allows you to go before a judge or master in chambers, to present your case for an interim order. Chambers is a court room interim applications are heard in.
Why make an Interim Application?
Interim Orders are designed to give a temporary fix (often it's for the time between the application and the trial). In many cases, your trial date will be more than a year away. This is a long time to wait for an order. In the meantime, you might need to, for example, pay for child care, make decisions about where your children will live, or who will pay for utilities on the family home. If you can't come to an agreement on your own, you might need an interim order from the courts to give temporary relief or guidance until your case can be heard fully at trial. Also getting before a judge quickly is important when you are facing urgent matters, such as protecting property or safety concerns.
Here's the flow chart for interim applications. The first steps are to file and serve your application and response along with affidavits you are relying on. Because you usually don't have witnesses at interim hearings you use affidavits to support your claims. For interim applications in Supreme Court you will need to file an application record, which is basically a binder of your documents. You will then attend a hearing in chambers which may or may not result in an order. Let's take a closer look at each step.
1. A File a Notice of Application or Notice of Motion and an Affidavit and serve them on your former spouse.
A Notice of Application, (Form F31), is for Supreme Court applications, and Notice of Motions, (Form 16), is for provincial court applications. File a notice in the court your case is being dealt in.
Set out a summary of the facts, that you know to be true, that support your application.
Learn how to write an affidavit in Chapter 8.
If the Respondent has filed an Application Response, you may respond to it by filing an affidavit. But keep in mind you can only address the issues in the Application Response.
File an Application Response and affidavit if you disagree with order sought (within 5 business days of being served).
An Application Record is a binder you file with the courts before your hearing.
The affidavits that both parties are using in the hearing.
You must file the Application Record in court, with an extra copy of the Notice of Application. Deliver a copy of the Application Record index on the Respondent by 4:00pm on the business day that is one full business day before the hearing.
To learn about how to prepare an Application Record, see resources.
Attending a hearing, also called chambers, is like a mini trial. There are usually no witnesses, but evidence is introduced through documents and affidavits. It usually only deals with one matter and takes less than a day. There will probably be other cases the judge needs to deal with before and after your hearing. You will need to wait for your turn to be called before you can present your case.
Look up what number you are on the court list.
Sign in with the court clerk by telling them your name and number on the court list.
Stand when the judge or master enters the courtroom.
Wait for the clerk to call your number and name.
When called, walk to the front of the court and let the judge know your name and if you are the applicant or the respondent.
The applicant presents their case first, then the respondent is given a chance to speak.
The judge may interrupt you while you're speaking to ask questions.
The judge will either give you a decision then, or ask you to return to get a decision.
We will discuss how to prepare for, and what to do, at a hearing in Chapter 10.
You may want the judge that hears your interim order to be the judge that hears your trial. This can be done by seizing a judge. This may be useful when you have a very complex case and it is difficult and time consuming to explain your situation to a new judge.
Treat your interim hearing as a mini trial. To prepare for your hearing, it's important to read the next chapter on Preparing for Court.
For a better understanding of Interim orders, watch The Justice Education Society's instructional videos on presenting a case in chambers on the Supreme Court website.


In this month's edition, Louise, Archivist in Lothian Health Services Archive (LHSA), finds a different view of the First World War….
Ernst Levin (1887 – 1975) was a German-born neurologist who first came to Edinburgh in 1933 to work with neurosurgeon Norman Dott in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Since Levin was Jewish, the Nazi rise to power meant that he could no longer work in his then-home of Munich, where he had just received a Chair in neurology at the city's University.
We knew about Levin's medical work in hospitals across the city and for the German consulate in Scotland through his medical papers, donated to LHSA in the 1970s. However, although we had a record of Ernst's career, we knew little of his time in Germany or his experiences as an émigré, leaving a lot of blanks when interested researchers asked to know more about the man behind the archive.
In 2015, I was given the opportunity to acquire Levin's personal papers for LHSA – letters, photographs and mementos that added to the clinical profile we already held. This was a first for us in combining private and career records to give a more complete picture of a prominent personality in Edinburgh's medical life.
Through this new collection, I learnt that Levin served during the First World War and later, along with his wife Anicuta Belau, had a wide circle of friends in the artistic movements of the decadent Weimar Republic. With the Nazi rise to power, Levin came to Edinburgh, subsequently joined by Anicuta and their daughter, Anna. Levin (like many other European exiles) was interred (in the Isle of Man) during the Second World War – but still returned to live the rest of his life in Edinburgh.
And it is this language barrier that, at the moment, we are looking for ways to overcome, from involving academics to better understand the content of Levin's archive to tracing the content of the collection through methods that do not involve deciphering the older-style German script in which manyof the letters are written. However, the visual clues I can decipher have already given me a privileged view behind the German lines.
All images from LHSA accession, Acc15/001.
In the book collections curated by the CRC is the work entitled La Belgique monumentale: 100 planches en phototypie by Karel Sluyterman (1863-1931), the Dutch architect, designer and illustrator, and Jules Jacques van Ysendyck (1836-1901) the Belgian architect and propagandist for the neo-Flemish Renaissance style.
Title-page, 'La Belgique monumentale', by the architects Karel Sluyterman and Jules Jacques van Ysendyck, published by Martinus Nijhoff, 1915.
The work published in 1915 in the neutral Netherlands by Martinus Nijhoff – a prestigious publishing house in The Hague (La Haye) – contains dozens of collotype prints (a salts based photographic process) showing gems of Belgian architecture.
A foreword to the collection of prints states that: 'As Belgium suffers the devastating horrors of war, it seemed appropriate to circulate images of some Belgian monuments already irreparably damaged and destroyed, and those which are threatened with destruction'.
The 15th century Church of Notre Dame in Anvers (Antwerpen), Belgium… its tower and spire.
It goes on in very high-flown style: 'In a very small space, Belgium offers an unparalleled accumulation of ancient cities and monuments, all standing witness to past greatness, offering the evidence of, and paying tribute to, the hard work always known in the country, and showing opulence in the worst distress'.
Old buildings in Tournai (Doornik), Belgium. 12th century Romanesque houses (Maisons Romanes).
The plates listed include important buildings in the towns and cities of Aerschot (Aarschot), Anvers (Antwerpen), Courtrai (Kortrijk), Dinant, Dixmude (Diksmuide), Louvain (Leuven), Malines (Mechelen), Tournai (Doornik), and Ypres (Ieper).
15th century Town Hall, Louvain (Leuven), Belgium.
Some of these towns and cities escaped major damage but others suffered catastrophic destruction inflicted by massive bombardment by both sides in the Great War.
In 1914 the University in Louvain (Leuven) was destroyed. This was the 14th century University Library.
In Louvain, for example, on the 25 August 1914, the University Library was destroyed using petrol and incendiary devices. Some 230,000 volumes were lost in the destruction, including Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts, a collection of 750 medieval manuscripts, and more than 1,000 incunabula (books printed before 1501). The city lost one fifth of its buildings during the War.
In 1914 the University in Louvain (Leuven) was destroyed. This was the original 14th century Hall.
In Ypres too, massive destruction was suffered, with the 13th century Cloth Hall – Lakenhalle – being reduced to rubble.
The Cloth Hall (Lakenhalle) in Ypres (Ieper), Belgium, which during the course of the War was reduced to rubble. Reconstructed after the conflict, the original building was constructed between 1200 and 1304.
A label on the inside of the front cover of the portfolio of prints reads: 'From the library of the late Sir Robert Lorimer. Presented by his Family February 1934'.
Lorimer was a prolific Scottish architect and furniture designer noted for his sensitive restorations of historic houses and castles, for new work in Scots Baronial and Gothic Revival styles, and for promotion of the Arts and Crafts movement.
This new addition to the Cloth Hall, called Nieuwerck, dated from the 17th century. This too was reconstructed during the 1920s.
La Belgique monumentale: 100 planches en phototypie can be accessed by contacting the CRC and quoting shelfmark: RECA.FF.116.
Merchants Houses in Ypres (Ieper), Belgium, originally dating from 16th-17th centuries.


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Back home / News stories / If not now... Roadmap Stage Five
If not now... Roadmap Stage Five
Meeting over Zoom, our District Leadership Team accepted five closure requests from churches this month. More will follow. Last week Superintendents and Circuit Stewards met to discuss the challenges of finding, and affording, ministers.
Each of our churches is different, but if things feel difficult, exhausting or bleak you will not be alone. Dependable people may have said they can't continue in key roles, longstanding cherished groups and activities may never return, some of your fellowship may have slipped quietly away.
Any that's before the pandemic-impacts on the physical and mental health, finances, employment and relationships of those you love.
And before we have to work out how to hold together our contrasting hopes and fears about wearing masks, singing, house groups, social cafes, Messy Church, toddlers, house groups, etc etc.
At times we can feel not so much "Freedom Day" as the words of the old hymn "change and decay in all around I see". Time to batten down the hatches? Best to keep our expectations low? Settle for what we have left? Manage decline?
In the teeth of the Great Depression, Roy and his brother launched into the biggest gamble to date of their fledging business, dwarfing their previous output, in which they would invest three year's graft before hope of any income, pushing the boundaries of their creativity and technology. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, their first feature length animation, became a huge box office hit. Walt Disney Studios never looked back.
In 1941 Europe's future still hung in the balance. The Master of University College Oxford was loathed to step aside from what felt important urgent work improving initial training for Army recruits, to chair an obscure committee appointed by the government's Minister Without Portfolio. By he agreed, and dutifully spent the next 18 months pouring his intellectual energy into its Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services. Long before the Normandy landings, William Beveridge had written and publicly laid out the blueprint for a new National Health Service, welfare state and expanded national insurance scheme.
The all-conquering Babylonian army was building siege ramps around the tiny hill-city of Jerusalem. Within the walls, Jeremiah was under house arrest – his repeated prophecies of defeat were deemed treasonous and detrimental to public morale. But when part of his extended family's estate was put up for sale, Jeremiah stepped up to the plate and paid the full price to buy it back. With his besieged captors acting as witnesses he instructed the freshly signed deeds be placed in long term storage. He knew he would never farm this land, but future generations would. . declared the prophet.
Sometimes it is only in a moment of crisis when we finally recognise there must be another way. Generations later, Jeremiah's defeated nation did return to their city and farmland. But they came back a different people. In exile they collated their holy stories, read them in a fresh light, and discovered by the rivers of Babylon that they could sing their ancient songs in a new way.
Sometimes it is only when we cannot ignore the crumbling debris of Christendom around us, as all empires eventually fall, that we pack our daysacks and start a new life as God's pilgrim people embedded in the contemporary networks and neighbourhoods of twenty first century Britain.
Sometimes it is only at our most broken that we fall sobbing at the foot of the cross, the place where ministry begins. As we lie blinded and helpless by the side of the road can we in a moment of crisis, like St Paul, hear a new different commission being spoken to us. Ask and pray now, with your house/class group, on Sunday "what next Lord? what now?"
We have spoken before about listening beyond our churches, laying aside the non-essential, looking out for those around us, trusting outcomes to God. At the heart of For Such A Time As This lies the conviction that weak and bruised as we may feel, God has equipped us with all we need for the essential work to which we are now called.
Freedom Day is not the end of the covid pandemic, but we are living in a liminal time. Like Disney, Beveridge and Jeremiah, perhaps you are being called in the chaos to take the first step towards a new ministry or to bring good news to new people.
When the invitation to God's banquet comes, will your answer be"not yet" or, to use a topical phrase, "if not now then when?"
We are instructed to support and encourage one another. If you feel restless or challenged to start something new, discuss with someone from your church or circuit. Please do let me know what is bubbling up. There may be someone elsewhere in the district with the same vision.
Neil Harland
Mission Development Support


text:
Look: Baby's Ohio State Football Outfit Going Viral
Tzvi Machlin
COLUMBUS, OH - APRIL 18: A general view of Ohio Stadium as more than 99,000 fans packed in to watch the annual Ohio State Spring Game on April 18, 2015 in Columbus, Ohio. (Photo by Jamie Sabau/Getty Images)
For Ohio State fans, hatred of arch-rival Michigan runs deep. But over the weekend, that rivalry hilariously extended into the newborn care ward of an Ohio hospital.
This morning Ohio State alum Amber Holley revealed that one of her coworkers at the ER recently had a baby. That friend took a picture of the baby's new onesie and the message is extremely funny:
"I just got here and I already hate Michigan," the onesie says in big red letters. The baby is wearing a big red Ohio State cap on its head.
The post is quickly going viral with hundreds of likes, comments and shares on Twitter. Just about everyone is finding the pictures absolutely adorable:
"Raise them right! #OH," one fan replied
"This is too cute!" wrote another.
"Born a Buckeye - Go Bucks," a third wrote, adding a cheers emote at the end.
Few rivalries in American sports are as heated and passionate as Ohio State vs. Michigan. They may only play on the football field once a year, it's a year-round rivalry that has produced some of the greatest moments in the sport's history.
Michigan finally ended their decade-long losing streak on the football field this past year. They went on to win the Big Ten title and reach the College Football Playoff for the first time.
No doubt Ohio State will be looking for revenge in 2022.
The Game in 2022 will be one for the history books. And it will have one new fan rooting for the Buckeyes.


text:
Hundreds of Thousands of Families Educated on Their Rights Under the Baker Act
Florida law allows for a child of any age to be taken into custody and sent for an involuntary psychiatric examination.
The headquarters for CCHR Florida are located in downtown Clearwater.
The Florida chapter of CCHR is a non-profit mental health watchdog dedicated to the protection of children.
According to official reports, the number of children in Florida being sent for involuntary examination has continued to climb with more than 36,000 Baker Act initiations in 2018 alone.
Involuntary examinations are being initiated on children without parental knowledge. The parent finds out AFTER their child has been Baker Acted.
Mental Health Watchdog's campaign to educate parents on their rights has reached over 220,000 families since it was launched.
We are finding that the vast majority of these children don't meet the criteria for involuntary psychiatric examination yet the facility is billing for the Baker Act. This is fraud."
— Diane Stein, President of CCHR Florida
CLEARWATER, FLORIDA, UNITED STATES, January 14, 2020 /EINPresswire.com/ — The Florida chapter of the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR) has participated in hundreds of family orientated events over the past several years on a crusade to stop the unjust involuntary psychiatric examination of children. The mental health law in Florida, commonly known as the Baker Act, allows for the initiation of involuntary psychiatric examination of anyone no matter their age. This includes children and in the case of a child the parents are not being brought into the process. Instead the parent learns about the Baker Act after the child is already in custody.
CCHR, a mental health watchdog that exposes abuse in the mental health industry, states that the abusive use of the Baker Act to hold men, women and children is a statewide epidemic. According to official reports, the number of children in Florida being sent for involuntary examination has continued to climb with more than 36,000 Baker Act initiations in 2018 alone. [1] This dramatic increase prompted investigations by journalists who exposed abuse, potential fraud and how children are being ripped from their families. [2]
"We receive countless calls from desperate parents asking for help because their child has been taken into custody under a Baker Act," said Diane Stein, President of CCHR Florida. "And we are finding that the vast majority of these children don't meet the criteria for involuntary psychiatric examination yet the facility is billing for the Baker Act. This is fraud."
Taking action to stop this abuse, CCHR has been educating families on the Baker Act, holding workshops on parental rights and working with law enforcement, schools and lawmakers to make positive change to the Baker Act since 2015. Concerned parents are encouraged to contact CCHR Florida to learn more about their rights under the law at 800-782-2878. For more information visit www.cchrflorida.org.
About CCHR: Initially established by the Church of Scientology and renowned psychiatrist Dr. Thomas Szasz in 1969, CCHR's mission is to eradicate abuses committed under the guise of mental health and enact patient and consumer protections. L. Ron Hubbard, founder of Scientology, first brought psychiatric imprisonment to wide public notice: "Thousands and thousands are seized without process of law, every week, over the 'free world' tortured, castrated, killed. All in the name of 'mental health,'" he wrote in March 1969.
[1] Baker Act Report
https://www.usf.edu/cbcs/baker-act/documents/ba_usf_annual_report_2017_2018.pdf
[2] You're Trapped. They're Cashing In.
https://projects.tampabay.com/projects/2019/investigations/north-tampa-behavioral-health/
Diane Stein
Citizens Commission on Human Rights of Florida
Diane Stein, who heads CCHR said both law enforcement and school personnel need more training and reporting requirements need to be improved.
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"Unearthed" follows Agent Olivia Dunham and her teammates Peter and Walter while they investigate a case of resurrection and possession. A teenage girl, Lisa Donovan, has a brain aneurysm and is declared brain dead. After she's taken off life support and her organs are about to be harvested for donation, she wakes up screaming an alphanumeric code and speaking Russian. The team determines that Lisa is being possessed by the consciousness of Andrew Rusk, a naval officer who was recently murdered. The team chemically hypnotizes Lisa in order to talk to Rusk and find out who murdered him, but Rusk takes control of Lisa's body and tracks down his killer himself. His wife contracted a man to kill him, and Rusk-Lisa attempts to murder his widow in revenge. Rusk-Lisa is stopped by Peter, and Lisa is eventually able to purge Rusk from her consciousness. She lives, and presumably gets to resume her normal life.
In the first scene, at Lisa's bedside, we meet her mother Maureen and their local Catholic priest. The priest is seen blessing Lisa with sacred oils and praying over her before Maureen gives the okay for her daughter to be taken off life support. One would think that the priest is giving Lisa last rites, the final blessings of a person before they die. Actually, the prayers he's using are from the Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. While similar to last rites, this sacrament is for strengthening and healing of a person, either physically or spiritually, not for a person who is about to die. To me, this says that Maureen was hoping that her daughter might pull through being taken off life support, or that there might have been an unspoken connection between the sacrament itself and why Lisa was the one Rusk possesses.The priest was even dressed appropriately, wearing his normal black clerics with a purple stole (the long strip of cloth than hangs from his neck, a bit like a scarf). Purple stoles are the simplest "uniform" Catholic priests while administering sacraments of healing, whether it be hearing a confession or administering Anointing of the Sick. Stoles come in different colors that mean different things, and the fact that the priest is not only wearing a stole, but also the correct color, is impressive. Later we see the priest coming out of the church, and he's wearing a green chasuble (a large poncho-like garment that's worn during Mass); again, it's the appropriate color for the time of year, judging by the weather.
At that church, Dunham meets Maureen and Lisa after the service to try to convince them to let her team conduct a special experiment to help Lisa. The church is named for St. Brigid, and might actually be the real church they filmed at. Usually churches get names that are made up, like "Holy Jesus Baltimore Church" (which defies the normal naming conventions) or pick an overused saint, like St. Francis. Whenever Dunham and her team speak with Maureen, it's clear that she's trying to use her faith to guide her decisions. She seeks counsel with her pastor, and often fingers her cross necklace. At the end of the episode, Maureen wonders if her daughter is truly healed. Walter paraphrases Isaiah 7:9 in Latin, and Maureen translates it to "unless you believe you will not understand." It's meant to be a paraphrase of the Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Bible that used to be official translation for the Catholic Church. Catholics don't use the Vulgate anymore (outside a classroom). Culturally, regular Catholics, even ones who would describe themselves as devout, wouldn't have the kind of biblical literacy and recall to identify such an obscure passage. Memorizing scripture verses and having a very intimate understanding of the whole Bible is much more common in Protestant Christian churches, especially ones that ascribe to sola scriptura. Nonetheless, I definitely give the writers credit for trying. It's a good mistake for them to make, and the casual viewer wouldn't necessary identify this cultural distinction.
The most striking the the episode got right about Catholicism was the encounter between Walter and the priest when they first meet in the hospital. Walter uses techno-babble to suggest that Lisa is being possessed by someone's "energy." The priest admonishes Walter for suggesting something so preposterous. He's not balking because of the science, he's balking because he doesn't really believe in possession, demonic or other means. From here on out, the priest is mostly ignored by our protagonists and Maureen; exorcism is never a option that's discussed. While it's almost always the Catholics that get to portray exorcists in the movies, the fact is many Catholic priests don't actually believe in demons or exorcisms anymore, even though Pope Francis does. Demons aren't something that come up outside casual questions around Halloween, and generally speaking, pastors are much more focused on preaching the love of God and neighbor over the fear of Hell. For many years, the top Vatican people talking about exorcism were rather extreme. Fr. Gabriele Amorth, the former chief exorcist of Rome, condemned Harry Potter and yoga. It's rare to find a Catholic priest these days who would agree with him, and most bishops in the United States haven't appointed a trained exorcist for the communities they oversee. Overall, it's actually more rare to meet a priest who really believes in demons and exorcism than to find one who doesn't.
So it's actually quite believable that both the priest and Maureen would be hesitant to admit that Lisa could be possessed, let alone seek treatment for it through religious channels. Lisa mentions to Dunham that her friends at church are avoiding her because of rumors that she's possessed, or at least that she thinks she is. That she would even consider it instead of a conventional illness makes her an outsider. The episode gives us a peek into the tension within a religion between people living in the modern world and a long tradition that includes things like angels, demons, and exorcism. I don't think the writers intended to highlight this tension, but it's certainly a happy accident. The rest of the episode isn't very good. The plot relies on tired tropes and bad writing, and ends with an unnecessary cliffhanger that is never picked up again. It's a stand-alone episode that ended its life as a special feature on the Season 2 DVDs.
However, the episode did get enough of the details right to allow its religious elements to add some depth to the characters and the story. This helps maintain immersion in the story for audience members who are Catholic. It's so distracting when a show tries to include something from your religion but gets it wrong. Supernatural did this so badly that it was unintentionally comedic. In early episodes, we'd often see a Catholic rosary next to a Satanic pentagram on the wall, which would be horrifying to a Catholic who loves to pray the rosary. Doctor Who's hyper-sexual nuns often caricature the Catholic Church or the Church of England, and some episodes give us faith as a dangerous vulnerability. Usually what we see is writers getting religious details wrong or portraying religious people as weak or evil. But this episode of Fringe does neither. The priest's details add to the authenticity of the religion, and they help me believe that these characters are serious about their religion. By having them question the possibility of possession, it not only created some much-needed conflict for the plot, but also helped the characters seem more real. It showed religious people who were serious about their faith but weren't perfect at it. The story gives us flawed characters who were also authentically religious.That's the way religion is supposed to work in good sci-fi. If writers go out of their way to make sure their techno-babble is sufficiently plausible by scientific standards, they should be doing the same with religion.
This entry was posted in Oh My Pop Culture Religion, Religion, Science Fiction, tv show and tagged Catholicism, exorcism, fringe, olivia dunham, possession, priest, religious representation by stinekey. Bookmark the permalink.


I love the eyeshadow palette and think that I could create a lot of wonderful colors with this palette and with Spring coming up, I would look great. What an amazing box!
The colours in the palette look pretty!
That eye shadow palette is gorgeous. I love the shades!
This is a nice box and a great value! All the products sound great!
This looks like a really nice box! I've unsubscribed from all the monthly boxes I used to get because I didn't feel like they were worth it, but this one sounds great!
I haven't used Blinc mascara in eons but I really need to get it again. It's so good!
WOW, talk about getting a lot of bang for your buck!! Boxycharm always looks like such a great box! Those brushes look perfect!
Wow! This box is amazing!!!
Great box! You know I love eye products as much as you do!!
What a great box! I absolutely love that they only use full sized products.
Epic box! They've sent you everything – a whole palette, all the brushes the eyes need, Liquid liner (HURRAH – no pencil) and a mascara. Other boxes ought to learn from this one.
Blinc is the only mascara that I will wear. Anything else ends up on my face!
I keep meaning to sign up for this, and I'm mad I didn't before this month! I love the Revealed palettes, though I don't have this one or 3 yet. I have a few Royal and Langnickel brushes, and I really like them. The one with the long bristles is one I have, and it's pretty unique, but I like it. Great box!
What a fantastic box, Marcia! That palette is really pretty!
I love the vegan brushes!
Oh wow – this is an amazing box!!
That's such a great assortment! I haven't tried Blinc mascara but my mom uses it and LOVES it.
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