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East London Line
– in the House of Commons at 2:15 pm on 9th March 2007.
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All Commons debates on 9 Mar 2007
Motion made, and Question proposed, That this House do now adjourn. —[Jonathan Shaw.]
Hansard source (Citation: HC Deb, 9 March 2007, c1850)
Jim Dowd Labour, Lewisham West 2:31 pm, 9th March 2007
I am particularly delighted that Mr. Speaker has allowed me to hold this brief debate on a matter of considerable concern to my constituents. This is in fact the second time that I have been fortunate enough to debate this issue on the Adjournment of the House, but as the first time was some 14 years ago and I was sitting on the other side of the Chamber, I am sure that people will not accuse me of being obsessive about it.
The tube system in south London, and certainly in south-east London, has been a joke for many years—largely because it does not exist. In the latter days of the 19th century, the system was run by a cartel. The Southern Electric Company and the Metropolitan Railway, as they then were, decided that they would not encroach on each other's territory, which is one reason why the tube system never came very far south of the Thames. Elaborate hoaxes were devised. Reference was made to saturated sand that made tunnelling impossible, and God knows what else, but it was the commercial interests of the railway companies that largely dictated the layout of the London underground as it exists today. Fortunately, in more enlightened times we have adopted a more progressive view of improving transport in and around the capital.
When I was growing up in the '50s and '60s, there was a scheme to extend the Bakerloo line from the Elephant and Castle through Walworth, Camberwell, Peckham and Forest Hill and on to Catford and Bromley, but it was never more than a pipe-dream. The costs were always prohibitive, even then, and although the scheme existed on paper, it never existed in fact.
The extension of the East London line therefore became a much more realistic proposition, particularly in my part of south-east London. Only relatively minor engineering work at New Cross Gate is required to allow it to share the infrastructure with Network Rail that is necessary to produce a service that—when I started campaigning for such an extension in the early '70s, on being elected to Lewisham council—was designed to go to East Croydon. As the proposed extension of the East London line both north and south was discussed—the House will understand if I do not go into detail about the northern extension, important though that is—the ideas were refined. The decision was taken that it would be better to extend the line to West Croydon, which serves the centre of Croydon more readily than does East Croydon. Extending to East Croydon would have had the advantage of a link with Gatwick airport, but such a service would have been of limited value to commuters.
The idea was hatched to introduce the scheme, which lacked a substantial backer for many years and was little more than a hope or aspiration, rather than an achievable objective. Fortunately, that has changed over time, and we very much welcome the fact that the East London line's southern and northern extensions will proceed apace over the next few years.
The London borough of Lewisham has the highest proportion of residents who work outside the borough, so its public transport links are crucial to the well-being of the area and its citizens. We have seen many improvements in recent years. The Docklands light railway extension was eventually continued across the river, from a rather strange terminus at Mudchute on the Isle of Dogs, largely because of the innovative and imaginative approach of the London borough of Lewisham. Modesty almost forbids me from saying that I was the chair of finance at the time. We identified a capital investment that we could make in concert with the Docklands light railway to bring it, via Greenwich and Deptford, to Lewisham. That was achieved a few years ago, improving the transport links considerably.
We have also seen a substantial improvement in bus services since the advent of the Greater London authority, under the Mayor, Ken Livingstone, and the active intervention of Transport for London. The improvements in transport in London alone more than justify the creation of the GLA and Transport for London. My thanks go to the Mayor and the GLA for their determination to develop the East London line from what is at the moment—little more than a cross-river shuttle east of Tower Bridge—to a much more comprehensive service for south and east London, as part of the more ambitious and beneficial project that will become known as the London overground, stretching from Watford in the north-west to Croydon in the south-east.
In the near future, my part of London will also benefit from the moving of the Eurostar channel tunnel rail link services from Waterloo to St. Pancras, because that will free up slots on another local rail line and will result in more services to Sydenham Hill and Penge East stations. Although those stations are not actually in my constituency, they are close enough to the boundary to be used by many of my constituents, so that will be a considerable benefit.
The proposed extension of the East London line to my constituency and the London borough of Lewisham more broadly—and to places further south—is welcomed almost unreservedly, but I have requested this debate because I have to use the word "almost". The extension has implications that are not as desirable as the extension itself. As we have some of the most congested commuter lines in the whole country, hon. Members will understand the concerns of my constituents.
We also look forward to the as yet unannounced transfer of responsibility—I am sure that my hon. Friend the Minister will confirm it at some point, if not today—for the stations along the route of the extension from the train operating company, Southern, to Transport for London, with a subsequent programme of investment and improvement. In my constituency, that will involve Honor Oak, Forest Hill and Sydenham stations and, just outside it, Penge West, Anerley and Crystal Palace. We look forward to the improved standards of service and security for commuters that TFL provides for its stations, compared to the current operator.
The increased choice and services for commuters are completely desirable, and my constituents look forward to enjoying them. The expansion of the Oyster card system, which is more convenient and cheaper for people travelling around London, will also be welcome, and it will be extended to the over-ground Network Rail services into London Bridge. The extension of the East London line will also mean that many people will be able to avoid using zone 1, as they will be able to travel around the centre of London, instead of having to go through it. That will produce savings not only of time but also of cost for many people. My journey to the Palace of Westminster takes me from Forest Hill station to London Bridge, where I change to the Jubilee line and travel to Westminster underground station. At a meeting with London Rail last Monday, I pointed out that when the new line is operating I will be able to take the East London line to the Canada Water interchange on the Jubilee line and travel through London Bridge to Westminster. London Rail confirmed that the cost would be the same for either journey, so that will be of benefit to people travelling from my constituency and around London more generally.
The reason I asked for the debate relates to a question I tabled to the Secretary of State for Transport to ask
"what assessment has he made of the effect on the Network Rail services into London Bridge of the extension of the East London Line in 2010."
The answer from the Under-Secretary of State for Transport, my hon. Friend Mr. Harris, stated:
"The Department has worked closely with the East London Line (ELL) project team and with Network Rail to ensure that it will be possible to deliver satisfactory levels of service from south London to both London Bridge and to ELL destinations when ELL commences operations.
The direct journey opportunities offered by the extended ELL services are expected to enable significant numbers of passengers to avoid the need to travel from south to east London via London Bridge, thus easing congestion at that busy station."—[ Hansard, 13 December 2006; Vol. 454, c. 1065-66W.]
I accept the last part of my hon. Friend's answer, but unfortunately there was a degree of ambiguity about the rest of it, which is why I asked for the debate—I am grateful to Mr. Speaker for allowing it. There is substantial concern that services to London Bridge on the Southern franchise and north-bound services from London Bridge to Victoria on the loop line will be cut after, or even before, the East London line commences re-operation in 2010, because the Southern franchise expires in 2009 and specifications will have to be made before it is renewed either by Southern or another operator.
My constituents are also concerned about some of the notions emanating from London Rail—the TFL body responsible for the London overground project and hence the East London line—in statements such as the following:
"TFL is working in collaboration with Network Rail to develop the best possible solution for passengers using the rail network in South London. The plans...currently being assessed as part of Network Rail's South London Route Utilisation Strategy (RUS), which is due to go for public consultation in summer 2007. Therefore, the service patterns and details of the train services may be modified as a result of the RUS study."
However, the document continues:
"To enable the ELR services to operate, the current service frequency on the south London suburban network needs to be adapted. TfL, with Network Rail, have undertaken some timetabling work, which suggests that the best way to accommodate the ELR services is to reduce the current morning peak 8 trains per hour on the Sydenham route to London Bridge (via Forest Hill and Brockley) to 6 trains per hour in 2009...Passengers wishing to go to London Bridge, from West Croydon or Crystal Palace, will be able to change from the ELR on to the Jubilee Line at Canada Water station (with trains departing every 2-5 minutes towards Stratford in the east, and Stanmore in the west)."
That last suggestion particularly concerns my constituents, because at present they have a direct service to London Bridge, which is, as I said, one of the busiest commuter routes in the country, so they do not regard the option of having to change to reach the same destination as a benefit.
The current East London line will close at the end of this year for about two and a half years for the necessary works to be undertaken to facilitate the southern extension to Crystal Palace and West Croydon, utilising the existing Network Rail infrastructure. That will result in our part of south-east London appearing on the tube map for the first time. Hallelujah, say we all. However, there is widespread concern that when the new service commences in 2010, with eight trains an hour—four each to Crystal Palace and West Croydon—it will result in a reduction to the peak-hour services to London Bridge from Forest Hill and Sydenham stations, both of which are in my constituency. They are already extremely busy. Even boarding some of trains—let alone any hope of getting a seat—is difficult, if not impossible. I can attest to that, because I started commuting on the line way back in 1963. Although it is accepted that the East London line services will provide greater choice for passengers, the principal demand is for the Southern train services to London Bridge, and that will remain the case for the foreseeable future.
I have spoken to Network Rail's utilisation strategy team, Southern trains, Transport for London and London Rail, but doubt still remains over the level of service post-2010. There is in existence something called a proving timetable, which was used to demonstrate the case for the East London line extension, but which would seem to indicate reductions in frequency during peak times. I understand fully that the final decisions are some way off and that there are a number of variables still to be resolved, but it is the strong feeling locally—I share it—that if the introduction of eight trains an hour on the East London line service causes any reduction in the current services to and from London Bridge via New Cross Gate, or the southbound service from London Bridge to Victoria, it would be far preferable for the East London line frequency to be reduced, at least initially. I fully understand that people's travel patterns may change when they have different choices, but, at the outset, the travel patterns that we have in our part of the world are set and people will not welcome a reduction in those services to facilitate a new service that, as yet, is of no direct benefit to them.
I have been advised by some of those involved that it should be possible to accommodate all the existing services and the extension of the East London line, although London Rail appears to be resisting that. I hope that my hon. Friend can clarify the matter and make it plain that we welcome the arrival of the extended East London line, provided that it is in addition to the existing services and not at the expense of some of them.
In conclusion, I congratulate the Sydenham Society, the Forest Hill Society, the Tewkesbury Lodge Estate residents' association and other community groups that have put a lot of work into trying to analyse precisely what we can expect in our part of the world after 2010. I hope that my hon. Friend can provide reassurance that the immense benefit of the new East London line will not be diluted by reductions to other services.
Gillian Merron Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Department for Transport 2:47 pm, 9th March 2007
I congratulate my hon. Friend Jim Dowd on securing the debate and providing an opportunity for the House to discuss the East London line and, in particular, the impacts of the proposed extension and enhancement to services south of New Cross Gate. I thank him for bringing these issues to my attention on behalf of his constituents in his characteristically good-natured and well-informed style. I echo the comments that he rightly made in congratulating the many community groups in his constituency that have contributed so well and in such a thorough and welcome manner.
I know that my hon. Friend takes a keen interest in this matter, given that the services pass through Sydenham and Forest Hill, which are important areas in his constituency, and I know that the matter will be of great concern to his constituents. I hope that it will be helpful to my hon. Friend and his constituents if I set out a bit of the background and some details of the situation. The East London line project effectively links the rail networks north and south of the river to the east of the city and will for the first time in a number of years provide regular and fast journeys between north, east and south London, with services between Dalston in the north and West Croydon and Crystal Palace in the south. The East London line will also play a significant role in the regeneration of east London, particularly in the Dalston and Shoreditch areas. I am sure that the House will join me in welcoming that.
It is important to note that significant progress has been made: powers were granted several years ago; new trains have been ordered; work on the upgrading of some existing structures and so on has already been completed; and the main works contract has been let, with works due to start in earnest later this year. Some £900 million is being spent on infrastructure for the East London line and a further £223 million on new trains for the east and north London line.
When the new service opens in 2010, four trains per hour will operate between Crystal Palace and Dalston, between New Cross and Dalston and between West Croydon and Dalston. Eventually, with the planned upgrade of the North London line, eight trains per hour will do the extended run up to Highbury and Islington. That will mean 12 trains per hour on the core route between Surrey Quays and Dalston. South of New Cross Gate, eight East London line trains per hour will operate seven days a week.
The improvements will give passengers a better journey and will enhance the economic competitiveness of London. They will facilitate easier orbital journeys in London, because the central area will be avoided, and will provide better transport links for my hon. Friend's constituents and others.
The Government, like my hon. Friend, fully support the work of the Mayor of London and Transport for London in taking forward this project. We believe that it will bring significant benefits to transport in south and east London. Indeed, without the record level of resource given to TFL by this Government to invest in London's transport network, this project would not have been possible. As with all projects of this scale, changes are required in order to implement it. I recognise that some of the changes impact on my hon. Friend's constituents, and I understand and appreciate why they cause concern.
The railway south of New Cross Gate is heavily used by existing Southern services into London Bridge, and we recognise that crowding is an issue on these trains at peak times. From 2010, south of New Cross Gate, a number of changes to national rail services are likely to be required to facilitate the delivery of the East London line. That is because track capacity on the route is limited, especially at key locations such as London Bridge, Croydon and Norwood Junction.
As my hon. Friend is aware, the timetable that has been developed is a concept timetable: a basic draft that can be developed and amended. I hope that that will be of interest and reassurance to his constituents. The Department for Transport, TFL and Network Rail have been working together to develop this concept timetable that facilitates these changes with minimum impact on existing services. I assure him that no final decisions have been taken about the timetable that will eventually operate, and I hope that that reassurance will be relayed to his constituents.
The proposed changes will see the peak services to London Bridge reduced from eight to six trains per hour, but that service will be supplemented by an additional eight East London line trains per hour on the core section between Sydenham and New Cross Gate, giving a total of 14 trains per hour northbound in the morning peak. I stress that six trains per hour is not the maximum number in respect of the route, because further enhancements can be delivered over and above what is proposed. However, given the key constraints at London Bridge and Croydon, and the significant planned enhancements on this route, I am sure that my hon. Friend will agree that we also need to examine whether enhancements to other corridors can be facilitated.
It is also clear that a significant number of passengers using this corridor interchange with the Jubilee line at London Bridge to go to the west end or Canary Wharf. They will have a greater range of interchanges available to them, with a choice of using either London Bridge or Canada Water—that has been recognised by my hon. Friend in his own travel patterns. The average journey time for passengers going from Forest Hill to Canary Wharf will be reduced by eight minutes.
I am aware that capacity on the route has been a key concern. It is true to say that East London line trains are shorter than those on the existing services. However, when measurements are taken in terms of available carriages, some 18 per cent. more will be operating on the route from 2010. It is also worth noting that it is planned that the six London Bridge services will all start from the Croydon area, whereas current services start significantly further away. That will result in the services carrying significantly fewer of passengers by the time they reach Sydenham, so more capacity will be available.
I emphasise that I am sympathetic to the fact that the changes will have an impact on some individuals, but I stress again that no final decision has been taken. The timetable details are far from finalised, the access option has not been agreed by the regulator, and the franchise specification for the replacement Southern franchise is yet to be developed. Further changes are possible and, indeed, they are likely to reflect changes in demand.
Jim Dowd Labour, Lewisham West
I am sorry to interrupt my hon. Friend, but I want to make sure that I understand exactly what she is saying. She says that no final decisions have been taken and that the concept timetable, as she calls it, has no more status thanthat. However, she seems to be talking about the six services into London Bridge as a given fact. It is that proposition, given that people have eight services an hour at peak times at the moment, that is causing the greatest concern.
Gillian Merron Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Department for Transport
I understand the point that my hon. Friend presses. I can confirm that I will ensure that our debate is drawn to the attention of those who are responsible for developing the final plans, and I will make sure that that point is emphasised as developments continue. We want a better service, but I emphasise to my hon. Friend that change means just that. I want us to get to a point at which we have a better service.
It might assist my hon. Friend if I make the point that the Government will this summer publish the high level output specification for the railway, which will detail the outputs that Government want to buy from the railway between 2009 and 2014. I can tell him that as part of that process, we are actively looking at several schemes to enhance capacity, such as by train lengthening on routes in south London. We will make final decisions on the defined outputs later this summer.
My hon. Friend asked a question about the transfer of stations. I can confirm that we are discussing the possible transfer of stations south of New Cross Gate, although we have not reached an agreement. The transfer would be made to the Transport for London concessionaire.
We recognise that the implementation of the East London line extension is likely to necessitate some changes to existing train services to accommodate the proposed new services. In general, we believe that the revised services will offer better transport services for south and east London, with improved connectivity to other parts of the city and new and more frequent trains. Our view is that a satisfactory solution can be developed for East London line and national rail services. That might involve some compromises, but we believe that the benefits of the project far outweigh the downside of the changes required. I reassure my hon. Friend and his constituents that the final timetable has not yet been defined. As I said earlier, we will seriously consider the concerns of his constituents as we take forward the development of the South Central franchise in due course.
Adjourned accordingly at one minute to Three o'clock.


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Health experts warn off-campus travel for Thanksgiving break could spread virus
College Covid Spread Plan
By: Ash-har Quraishi
As the Thanksgiving holiday approaches, college campuses across the country will empty out. Tens of thousands of students will head home for the break, and public health experts fear mass travel and indoor gatherings could spark a super spreading of the coronavirus.
Within days of returning to campus this fall, Brianna DeWall contracted the coronavirus.
"We went out to party, and with all my friends, got it," recounted the Oklahoma State University junior. "So, we're assuming someone at that party had it and didn't know."
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the return to college campuses in August and September coincided with a 55 percent increase nationally of COVID-19 cases in young adults ages 18 to 22.
Next week, DeWall is headed home for the holidays, but she plans to get tested before she travels.
"I will be flying, so I feel like that's a precaution I should take," said DeWall.
While her school isn't requiring mandatory exit testing, other schools are.
Penn State is offering free, voluntary exit tests. The University of Michigan has made exit testing mandatory, and New York State's university system is also mandating a negative test result for all of its 140,000 students before they leave campus.
"Some people may get a test that's not going to decrease the risk to zero, but it is going to decrease the risk substantially," said Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
Dr. Adalja warns that without extra precautions like frequent testing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and self-quarantining ahead of the holiday, the risk of community spread is increased.
"It is going to be a major challenge when you have your student body moved from campus back home and come back on campus because that's likely to introduce more levels of infection," he said.
Earlier this year, researchers at Ball State University tracked 7.5 million students at more than 1,300 universities and concluded that thousands of college students may have picked up COVID-19 while at densely-packed spring break destinations, only to return to infect others with the virus.
Some schools like DeWall's are not having students return to campus until January and have canceled spring break. But once again, testing is voluntary.
"I think we should have to get tested before we come back," said DeWall. "I think it's very careless that they aren't requiring us to get tested before we go home."
The CDC hasn't issued any specific COVID-19 guidance on colleges and break, and while the American College Health Association encourages testing, it stops short of calling for it to be mandatory.
"Colleges we know have been hot spots for infection, especially with off-campus activity," said Dr. Adalja. "So, I do think this is going to be particularly challenging to accomplish."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


writes to the domU over the AOE will result in a massive memleak on the dom0.
memory really fast. Two gigabyte will be fully occupied within a minute.
lists, so i bet this issue is already known to the XEN developers.
does anyone have found a patch for this issue?
to be considered minor to me.


The Art of Halo 3 (An art book that explores the design and art of Halo 3, delving deep into the Covenant and Forerunner's design, as well as the climatic battle between the Master Chief and the Flood.) collected in My Video Game Art Books by Alex Engel - Collected It!
I purchased this book at the Game Developer's Conference Online. At the bookstore, they had a copy for sale for $25. I immediately picked it up and have loved it ever since.
An art book that explores the design and art of Halo 3, delving deep into the Covenant and Forerunner's design, as well as the climatic battle between the Master Chief and the Flood.


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There were 176,305 marriages reported to the Texas Vital Statistics Unit (VSU) in 2007, a decrease of 1,810 compared to 2006 in which there were 178,115 marriages reported. The crude marriage rate decreased from 7.6 marriages per 1,000 residents in 2006 to 7.4 in 2007.
The number of divorces reported to VSU decreased to 77,806 in 2007 from 79,469 in the previous year. The crude divorce rate of 3.3 divorces per 1,000 residents is slightly lower than the rate of 3.4 divorces per 1,000 residents that was reported in 2006.
Marriage Trends: 1970-2007
In 2007, 176,305 marriages were reported to VSU. This number is down one percent from the 178,115 marriages reported in 2006. Since 1970, the first year of reliable reporting, the number of Texas marriages increased until they reached an all-time high of 210,978 in 1984. Since then, the number of marriages declined consistently until 1989 when there were 170,964 marriages. The number of marriages held fairly steady in the 1990s, but dipped to 165,562 in 1998. Since 2001, the number of marriages has been generally decreasing.
The 2007 crude marriage rate has decreased again to 7.4 marriages per 1,000 people residing in Texas, and this is the lowest rate ever recorded since reporting of marriages to Vital Statistics began in 1968. In 1981, the crude marriage rate was 13.2, the highest level ever recorded. Since 1981, the marriage rate has been generally decreasing.
Many factors may have combined to produce the downward trend in crude marriage rates recorded in Texas since 1981. One very important factor is change in age structure of the population. If a population has a high percentage of young people in their early twenties, the prime marrying years, a higher crude marriage rate can be expected. If the proportion of people in this age group declines, so too will the marriage rate. In 1981, 9.6% of the Texas population was age 20-24; by 1994 this figure had fallen to 7.9% and to 7.6% in 2007.
Another factor is the trend toward postponement of marriage. In 1970, 40% of the women getting married were 15 to 19 years of age. This percentage has consistently decreased. In 2007, only 6.9% of women getting married were 15 to 19 years of age. The percentage of women 20 to 24 getting married between 1970 and 2007 also dropped, but only by 6.1%. However, the percentage of women aged 25 to 29 increased from 9.0% in 1970 to 23.6% in 2007. The figures for men followed the same trend. The difference being that for men the dramatic decrease was for ages 20 to 24, and the dramatic increase was for ages 30 to 34. This trend further indicates a major change in social behavior.
Research indicates that many young adults are opting to cohabitate prior to, or rather than, getting married. This is a trend that continues to rise. As more adults choose to begin their relationships with cohabitation, the marriage rates are likely to continue to drop. This trend has been documented by numerous demographers. According to a study published in 2000:
"Between 1960 and 1990, the percent of never-married women ages 25-29 tripled from 10% to 30%...Despite this delay in marriage, young people continue to set up households with the opposite sex. In fact, most of the decline in proportions married by age 25 in the past few decades is offset by entry into cohabitation. Today, there are more than 4 million cohabiting couples in the United States, which is about 8 times the number of couples cohabitating in 1970."1
In 2007, females continued to get married at an earlier age than males, with an average age difference of 2.4 years. Although the number of males (80,643) and females (88,139) getting married between the ages of 20 and 29 was similar, a gender difference in younger members of the cohort (all people married in a given time period) was even more clearly shown. Females under age 20 made up 6.9% of marriages in 2007, whereas males under 20 made up 2.7%.
Divorce Trends: 1970-2007
There were 77,806 divorces reported to the Vital Statistics Unit in 2007, a decrease of 2.1% from the 79,469 divorces reported for 2006. Since 1970, the first year of reliable reporting, the number of Texas divorces rose consistently and rapidly until a peak was reached in 1981 with 101,856 divorces. This was nearly twice the number of divorces (51,530) reported for 1970. Since 1982, the annual number of divorces has remained below the 1981 high mark.
Crude divorce rates have followed the same pattern as the divorce numbers. Rates rose steadily from 1973 to 1981, although not as rapidly as the number of divorces. After 1981, the divorce rate fell consistently through 1989, rose again until 1992, and has continued to decline since that year. The crude divorce rate for 2007 was 3.3 per 1,000 residents.
For men, the majority (48.3 percent) of divorces occurred in the 30-44 age group, while for women the majority (50.8 percent) were in the 25-39 age group. In 2007, 47.1 percent of divorced males were between 25 and 39 years of age. Teenage men represented 0.2 percent and teenage women 0.7 percent of people divorced in Texas in 2007.
Divorce/Marriage Ratio
A frequently asked question is: "The number of divorces last year was just about half the number of marriages. Does that mean that one half of last years marriages will end in divorce?" The answer is no. The divorce/marriage ratio for a particular year tells us almost nothing about what will transpire during the lifespan of the members of that year's marriage cohort (all people married in a given time period). The available data are not sufficient to develop statistical predictions for the future of a recent marriage cohort.
Children Affected by Divorce
Divorce affected the lives of 61,043 children under 18 in 2007. One measure commonly used to document the involvement of children in divorce is the average number of children per divorce decree. For Texas, the 2007 average was 0.8 children per divorce. However, this figure can be misleading. It tends to leave the impression that almost all divorces involve children. The raw numbers tell a different story. More than half (53.7%) of all 2007 divorces for which the number of children was known, involved no children. Slightly less than one quarter (22.4%) of the divorces affected one child only. The remaining 23.9% of 2007 divorces involved two or more children.
1. Brown, Susan L. "Union Transitions Among Cohabitors: The Significance of Relationship Assessments and Expectations." Journal of Marriage and the Family. 62 (August 2000): 833-846.
2007 Annual Report List of Tables and References


text:
Nikola Tesla's Intelligence Was Not a Fluke
Nikola Tesla in December 1899 sitting in his laboratory
When people think of highly intelligent individuals in history such as Albert Einstein, or the infamous Nikola Tesla. It is widely accepted as fact that these people were simply born with a gift that allowed them to accomplish superhuman levels of intelligence. However in reality this assumption couldn't be further from the truth.
Through reading various journal entries and biographies of Nikola Tesla, he makes it very clear that his intelligence was acquired rather than being inherited at birth. From a young age, his father Milutin put the young Nikola Tesla and his siblings through rigorous mental training. Which consisted of solving complex mathematical equations without pen and paper, and memorizing long passages. These skills eventually developed a level of mastery which allowed Tesla and his siblings to memorize entire books word for word.
Photo: Courtesy Library of Congress/Getty Images
This skill set allowed Tesla to pass math tests without showing any work, leading his teachers to accuse him of cheating. The young Tesla honed these visualization skills to a level which allowed him to develop new devices and perform experiments within a reality confined to his own head. Claiming that he was unable to distinguish the reality inside his head from the reality he physically existed in.
However only when combined with an obsession for innovation did the recipe for success arise. Nikola Tesla spent only two hours a day sleeping. With the remainder of his time exclusively spent developing and experimenting with new ideas. Which allowed him to acquire a deep understanding of electricity and its capabilities during his lifetime.
It is quite obvious that Nikola Tesla was not regarded by many as a genius simply because he was predisposed to the title. In fact he quite literally shaped his entire life to fit this credential. Perhaps Tesla is considered to be one of the smartest inventors of all time because he spent over 80 years developing his knowledge and skill set.
Mario López-Goicoechea
Urban Diary
Elias Crim
The death of a city (Kiev)
What Lies Below, Day Forty
Black Simba
The (Scattered) Hebrews: Tribe of Judah
Bill Gandy
The Era of Northside Theaters
Lynn Bryant
The Battle of Fuentes d'Onoro, 1811
Hirah Shabir
The Diamond Conspiracy: Are They Really Rare?
Boukman Byrd
How Black Men Can Become Heroes


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Q: Ember Binding Component Template to Models Hi I have the following Component Template:
test-component.hbs: (produces img tag per model)

{{#each titleModels}}

{{/each}}

Its used in parent template
parent.hbs:
{{test-component action="titleClicked" parentController=controller titleModels=model}}

On titleClicked action it is suppose to remove the clickedModel and refresh the template to show the removed view.
parent-controller.js:
   modelChanged: false,
   actions: {
        titleClicked: function(){
           self.get('model').removeObject(aSelectedModel);
           self.set('modelChanged',true);
         }
   }

The test-component observes changes to titlesModel and rerenders the template:
test-component.js:

titleModelsChanged: function(){
   this.rerender();
 }.observes('parentController.modelChanged'),

this.rerender methos is called successfully and the specific html tag (e.g the one defined below) for the removed model is no longer present in the DOM for html page generated from test-component.hbs as expected.

The img tags for the remaining models are present when inspecting the dom. However they are not displayed out the actual html page ( i dont see the  actual imgs), even though the are present in the DOM when I inspect the elements.
How do I display the img tags of the remaining models after rerender on the html page ?

A: First, two small notes. The  tag must not have a closing tag. So no  but simply  (or  alternatively).
The context-changing {{each}} as you use it is deprecated in current and future versions of Ember.js. So you should rewrite your component as
{{#each titleModels as |titleModel|}}

{{/each}}

Now to your question. Given that the  tags are in the DOM but the actual image is not visible, the problem must be in the src attribute of the images. If you open the URL in the src in a separate tab, do you see the image you're supposed to see?
The JSBin http://emberjs.jsbin.com/mitadovero/edit?html,js,output solves the problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
PowerPost
CloseAnalysis Interpretation of the news based on evidence, including data, as well as anticipating how events might unfold based on past events
The Energy 202: Scott Pruitt's 'red team-blue team' debate prep largely left out mainstream climate scientists
By Dino Grandoni
with Paulina Firozi
THE LIGHTBULB
When Environmental Protection Agency chief Scott Pruitt wanted to set up opposing teams to debate the science of climate change, his staff sought advice primarily from well-known climate doubters at conservative think tanks.
Those largely left out: Researchers, both inside and outside the agency, who study climate change for a living.
A new cache of emails show Pruitt's schedulers, press aides and other political appointees collecting information from outside conservative advocates who have worked for years at the fringes of mainstream climate science in preparations for the "red team-blue team" exercise, I reported Wednesday.
In interviews with news outlets, Pruitt had pitched the two-side, military-style exercise as a way to suss out the truth of scientific claims that the burning of fossil fuels and other human activities are pumping greenhouse gases into the air and are warming the planet.
Yet multiple scientific assessments at home and abroad have concluded man-made climate change is real and poses substantial risk. Many within the climate science community countered that staging such an exercise was unnecessary because scientists have plenty of forums, such as academic journals and scientific conferences, where ideas are debated.
The emails were provided to The Post by the Natural Resources Defense Council, the environmental nonprofit group that obtained them as part of a Freedom of Information Act request. The EPA declined to comment. Here are some highlights:
One message suggests career staff at the agency's main scientific research arm had little to do with its development. "The red team blue team exercise is not an ORD effort, and we are not involved," Samantha Linkins, a staffer at the Office of Research and Development, wrote to other EPA staffers in response to an inquiry from Democrats on the House Science Committee. "The Administrator is the one who wants to do this and I'm guessing his folks are putting it together."
Elsewhere behind the scenes, Rupert Darwall, author of the book "Green Tyranny," forwarded to Pruitt's staff an unreleased Competitive Enterprise Institute paper he wrote that echoed that idea titled "A Veneer of Certainty Stoking Climate Alarm." Darwall told the EPA chief's aides that the essay is "best go-to justification for Administrator Pruitt's red/blue team appraisal."
Agency staffers also corresponded with a pair of Ivy League professors, J. Scott Armstrong at the University of Pennsylvania and William Happer at Princeton, who have both publicly questioned whether policymakers should be concerned about human-caused global warming despite holding professorships outside climate science.
Pruitt's Chief of Staff Ryan Jackson appeared to be working with Happer to vet potential red-team members who would challenge climate science in the exercise. "I am sorry that distractions prevented me for getting this material about potential red team members to you," Happer wrote to Jackson in a Nov. 2017 email. "Please keep it confidential."
Separately, Armstrong sent a paper he co-wrote to EPA staffers that argued Pruitt should impanel a group of judges to decide whether climate regulation would provide a "substantial net benefit … beyond reasonable doubt."
Pruitt even conferred with a senior Roman Catholic prelate, who once in a speech called "hysteric and extreme claims about global warming … a symptom of pagan emptiness." During a dinner in Italy last June, Pruitt and Cardinal George Pell discussed an April 2017 Wall Street Journal op-ed by New York University professor Steven Koonin, which had first brought the red team-blue team idea to prominence in Washington, one email exchange showed.
The following month, in July, the American Association for the Advancement of Science asked for a meeting with Pruitt to discuss the red team-blue team proposal. The newly released emails show Jackson and other political staffers considered the request from the AAAS, the largest general scientific society in the United States. But the scientific society told The Post the meeting never came to fruition. "We did not hear back from EPA in response to that letter and have not met with the administrator or EPA staff on this matter," said Joanne Padrón Carney, AAAS's director of government relations.
After months of back-and-forth with conservative advocates, the White House ultimately stopped the plan. Yet even after White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly made it clear to the EPA in December that it should not move forward with the debate, Pruitt's staff was coordinating having Oren Cass, a senior fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute think tank, make a presentation to Pruitt touching on the red team-blue team idea.
"I expect generally that the objective is to discuss the opportunity to examine emissions baselines and economic analyses of climate change in the context of a red-team/blue-team exercise," Cass asked Pruitt's aides. "Is that right?"
Elizabeth "Tate" Bennett, associate administrator of the Office of Public Engagement and Environmental Education, seemed hesitant. "We were thinking this meeting could be purely informative in nature, and not necessarily in the context of a specific EPA exercise," she responded.
You are reading The Energy 202, our must-read tipsheet on energy and the environment.
Not a regular subscriber?
OIL CHECK
— California to require solar panels on all new homes: The California Energy Commission voted 5 to 0 to approve a building code change that will require solar power for newly built single-family homes. The mandate, the first of its kind in the United States, will take effect in 2020.
The downside: Such a move would add $8,000 to $12,000 to the cost of each new house, per the New York Times, which notes the construction industry is prepared to live with the requirement.
The upside: Solar power will help homeowners keep their electricity bills down. "The commission put average total utility savings at $19,000 in today's dollars over a 30-year period, taking inflation into account," the Los Angeles Times reports.
Even without this rule, California is already a leader for solar capacity. By the end of 2017, solar power accounted for almost 16 percent of the state's electricity.
— Trump's Iran decision fallout: Following President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal, global buyers of Iran's oil supply are scrambling to secure other oil sources, The Post's Steven Mufson reports. Saudi Arabia, the world's largest crude oil exporter and leader in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, said overnight it would "work with major producers and consumers within and outside OPEC to mitigate the effects of any supply shortages," according to the state-run Saudi news agency, citing an official statement.
But "oil traders weren't convinced," Mufson reports. "Crude oil prices climbed up on Wednesday morning with the benchmark West Texas Intermediate grade up $2.01 to $71.07 a barrel for June delivery."
— Awkward auto meeting: Trump is set to meet with top executives from major automakers to convince them to support the administration's proposal to roll back fuel economy requirements, the New York Times reports. Usually such lobbying for softer rules goes the other way around. The meeting follows testimony from Mitch Bainwol, head of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, who called on the Trump administration "to find a solution that continues to increase fuel efficiency standards."
— Pruitt watch: The EPA chief received a vote of confidence from a White House official on Wednesday, which happened to be his 50th birthday. Amid ongoing reports that Trump's support for Pruitt himself is waning, here's what White House legislative director Marc Short said via The Post's Juliet Eilperin and Erica Werner:
— Meanwhile, MSNBC has admonished host Hugh Hewitt following reports he lobbied Pruitt to clean up a Superfund site near his California home. Hewitt "was given a verbal warning as such activity is a violation of our standards," an MSNBC spokesman said in a statement, according to CNN.
Politico first reported Pruitt fast-tracked a cleanup of a toxic waste site after Hewitt brokered a meeting between Pruitt and lawyers for the Orange County Water District. Hewitt, who also a contributing columnist for The Post, agreed as well not to write about Pruitt for the newspaper going forward.
— Drip... According to EPA emails obtained and released by the Sierra Club, longtime donors to Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue brokered a meeting last July with Perdue and Pruitt ahead of a policy change that could end up benefiting them, E&E News reports. After meeting last July at an event in Georgia with Earl and Wanda Barrs, who run a tree farm, Pruitt returned to the state last month to announce a policy that converting trees and biomass into fuel will be considered "carbon neutral."
…drip: The EPA's inspector general last year complained that Pruitt's top aides were delaying handing over documents related to reviews of Pruitt's travel habits, Politico reports, citing newly released emails. "That standoff between the EPA inspector general's office and Pruitt's team was resolved a month after the IG's staff flagged the issue and warned that the reticence to release the documents came close to impeding their probe, the emails show," per Politico. The travel probe is just one of several reviews the IG is taking of Pruitt's actions.
— Pruitt resumes courting industry: Pruitt met Wednesday with industry representatives from the National Mining Association and the Association of American Railroads as part of the second session of the EPA's "newly revived 'Smart Sectors' program, designed to formally solicit the input of the industries the agency regulates," Bloomberg News reports.
— A Cold War strategy to keep coal and nuclear plants hot: Energy Secretary Rick Perry said Wednesday his department is "looking very closely" at using a 68-year-old law to bolster struggling coal and nuclear plants. "It's about the national security of our country," Perry told lawmakers on the House Science Committee.
Perry is turning to the 1950 Defense Production Act after an earlier proposal to provide extra compensation to coal and nuclear power plants was rejected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. But leaning on that Cold War-era law is likely to draw challenges in court.
— Trump team quietly cancels NASA carbon research: The Trump administration halted NASA's Carbon Monitoring System, which measures carbon dioxide and methane through satellite and aircraft instruments, Science magazine reports. Kelly Sims Gallagher, director of Tufts University's Center for International Environment and Resource Policy, called it a "grave mistake."
The decision is one of the first major swipes at NASA's climate work under Trump, coming shortly after Jim Bridenstine was sworn as the space agency administrator last month.
— Precipitation whiplash and climate change threaten California's freshwater: About two-thirds of freshwater in California originates in the Sierra Nevada, but that availability shrinks during drought years. A wonderful graphic from The Post's Lauren Tierney and Monica Ulmanu details how the source of water may be in trouble. "Researchers fear global warming will cause the Sierra Nevada snowpack to lose much of its freshwater by the end of the century, spelling trouble for water management throughout the state," they write.
DAYBOOK
POST PROGRAMMING: Today, The Post will gather government leaders and experts across the energy sector to discuss issues affecting the safety, security and future of the country's energy infrastructure and electric grid, including Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Chairman Kevin J. McIntyre and two members of the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources — Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.) and Sen. John Hoeven (R-N.D.). Register here to attend. Sign up here for a live stream notification for the event.
The House Energy and Commerce Energy Subcommittee holds a hearing on "Examining the State of Electric Transmission Infrastructure."
The Women's Council on the Energy and the Environment holds an event on congressional priorities. in 2018 and beyond.
The United States Energy Association holds an event on "An Advanced Approach to Coal Utilization."
Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.) will speak at the Climb The Hill Senate reception on preserving outdoor recreation opportunities.
EXTRA MILEAGE
— Perhaps a not-so welcome birthday present for Pruitt:


WEST POINT — When hockey great Sidney Crosby made his first visit to West Point back in the fall of 2006, he happened to run into a pair of his former teammates from his prep school. They were cadets at the U.S. Military Academy, and Crosby couldn't help but recognize the divergent paths of their lives and their careers had taken.
Fast forward to Friday morning when the Pittsburgh Penguins made their third training-camp visit to West Point since Crosby's arrival. Army hockey coach Brian Riley welcomed the hockey pros in next-door Christl Arena, and made sure to tell them about two Army players who died in the line of duty, Derek Hines and Tom Kennedy.
Riley had a captive audience, noting how he hates to lose hockey games but, even more so, he hates to lose hockey players.
"That put things in perspective pretty quickly for everyone,'' Crosby said.
And so started the first day of a mini-camp that featured a lunch of chicken sandwiches and tater tots with 4,000 cadets, and an unplanned hello from Slovakia president Ivan Gasparovic, who was visiting West Point after appearing at the United Nations General Assembly.
That's why the Penguins elected to make another visit to West Point, to glean some history, perform some team-building exercises and pick up leadership tips.
The skating session lasted two hours, with numerous drills and scrimmage sessions. More than 200 fans showed up to watch, offering all sorts of "ooohs" and "ahhhs" with each brilliant play, and many snapping pictures and taking video of the NHL Eastern Conference finalists in action. Afterward, fans lined up several people deep to wait for autographs as the players departed for their team bus.
The team will conduct morning skating sessions on Saturday and Sunday. The Penguins will work on visualization exercises at the Center for Enhanced Performance on Saturday, and take part in a "Warrior Run'' on Sunday.
"Some of the things you see, you can take into your own life and account for your willingness to do something, maybe outside the box, and sacrifice for your teammates,'' Kunitz said.
Crosby noted there are only five current Penguins who participated in the last West Point experience so he felt this trip could help bring the team together.


Discussion in 'OS X El Capitan (10.11)' started by honeycombz, Jul 14, 2017.
How can I go about troubleshooting why periodically my startup items are disappearing? It is super frustrating to have to keep re-adding my startup items. Is there a file I can backup so that when this happens I can at least restore from an old file? I am wondering if there is a bug with Dropbox auto updater because whenever this happens Dropbox is the only item listed as a startup item in System Preferences. Thoughts?
Anyone know if there is a way to monitor what is going on with com.apple.loginitems.plist so I can see what is rewriting it? This is really frustrating.
Hey, from the looks of it it doesn't exactly seem like com.apple.loginitems.plist is being rewritten, but the startup items in system preferences is showing up blank. Anyone out there know anything about this?
Anyone have a clue how to troubleshoot this?
Can you run EtreCheck, and post the resulting log here?
That can provide a lot of information when you might be having "challenges" with startup software.
[not loaded] com.pia.pia_manager.plist (? 5d3892c1 0 - installed 2017-01-18) [Lookup] - /Applications/Private Internet Access.app: Executable not found!
You did say Dropbox, right?
Unless you can see something that I don't, there's no evidence in your EtreCheck log that Dropbox is installed at all.
I did see the DropBox updater in your user Launch Agents. I don't know if that's all you need for DropBox. You could reinstall that software... I suppose.
You asked about your user startup items listed in System Preferences. As far as I know --- the only System Preference that lists those is Login Items in Users & Groups pane.
And, the only login item that EtreCheck finds is DiskWarrior app.
When did you last run Malwarebytes? I see a couple of items that appear to be Adware of some kind. But, if Malwarebytes runs clear, then that may be something else.
Malwarebytes turns up nothing. I think I'll start removing things one by one. I uninstalled PIA. Is Perian no longer useful? Is it safe to simply delete Launch Daemons related to applications I don't really use on a daily basis but maybe once and awhile?
Maybe you could keep track of items that seem to disappear (are they always the same items?), then check with EtrreCheck to see if they are actually missing --- or still listed with some difference in the notes in EtreCheck.
Yea it is. I set all the startup items again and on restart this is what's up. Makes no sense.
Despite the fact that you don't see items in the Login Items --- are you sure that none of those apps are actually running when you restart?
SOME of those items already appear in place in Launch Agents, or Launch Daemons, such as Team Viewer, so your entry in Login Items may be redundant. ClamXAV may be there, too.
Change username, both places, to your user account name. It would be the same as the name of your home folder.
After entering that command, press enter. It will ask for your admin password. Type in your password. The terminal will NOT show you any response when you enter a password, so just type it, then press enter. If you have not done this chown command before, it might take a minute or two before the prompt returns. Just wait for it.
When the prompt returns, your next step will be to restart your Mac.
Would that command change if my boot volume is on an SSD and home directory is on a HDD?


We just posted the 12-page QVC Black Friday ad scans!
QVC's Very Merry Black Friday Spectacular begins on 11/22 with limited-time doorbuster deals. Prices are good through 11/26.
QVC isn't known to have the best prices or the best deals on products, but they do have gifts for everyone on your list. There's a selection of toys, electronics, beauty, tech, and apparel to choose from. Their GoPro HERO 7 Camera is $229.96, and they have a Clarisonic Mia + Tatcha Cleanser for just $89.
Lots of items in this ad have free shipping. They have special QCard offers available during this event, and some items are available to be purchased on Easy Pay, where you get the item now and pay over time with no extra charge. And, they now accept PayPal!


Replaced the air filter on a Audi A4 a few hours ago. When I went under the hood I thought it was going to be a nightmare but it wasn't to bad. Took about 30 minutes and I only needed a Phillips screw driver and a vacuum for the intake road trash.
2004.5 S40 air intake? cold air intake possible?


Each impact-resistant 1.2 mL well contains four (4) 1/8" (3.175 mm) diameter stainless steel beads. Use to break hard/brittle samples. Specialty applications include RNA and protein extraction from difficult samples where lysis by impaction only is preferable with minimal amounts of mechanical shearing.
Extractions of nucleic acids; proteins; metabolites and other small molecules from tough; hard or brittle cell membranes including organisms with a tough or dense exterior matrix. RNA extraction from difficult samples where lysis by impaction. Isolation of intact bacteria and viruses from infected tissues. only is preferable with minimal amounts of mechanical shearing.
Applications Extractions of nucleic acids; proteins; metabolites and other small molecules from tough; hard or brittle cell membranes including organisms with a tough or dense exterior matrix. RNA extraction from difficult samples where lysis by impaction. Isolation of intact bacteria and viruses from infected tissues. only is preferable with minimal amounts of mechanical shearing.
Product Overview Contains four (4) 1/8" (3.175 mm) diameter stainless steel beads per well. Uses include RNA and protein extraction from difficult samples where lysis by impaction only is preferable.


Kicks 105.5's Mr. Morning was en fuego on the court Thursday night at the O'Neil Center, and in an unprecedented move, defected to the Harlem Globetrotters.
Signed by the World All Stars in a move to stop the Globetrotters historic winning streak, Mr. Morning proved he had game. So much game, that the Globetrotters only move was to offer him a bigger deal and get them on their team.
When questioned about the sudden switch, Mr. Morning made the following statement.
I didn't want to make the switch, but they made me an offer I couldn't refuse.


ON DECEMBER 7, 1941 THE WORLD WAS SHOCKED WHEN JAPAN BOMBED PEARL HARBOUR, LAUNCHING THE UNITED STATES INTO THE WAR. THIS ACTION ALSO RESULTED IN THE CONFISCATION OF NEARLY 1,200 JAPANESE-CANADIAN OWNED FISHING BOATS BY CANADIAN OFFICIALS ON THE BRITISH COLUMBIA COAST, WHICH WERE EVENTUALLY SOLD OFF TO CANNERIES AND OTHER NON-JAPANESE FISHERMEN.
The Lost Fleet looks at the world of the Japanese-Canadian fishermen in BC and how deep-seated racism played a major role in the seizure, and sale, of Japanese-Canadian property and the internment of an entire people.
This exhibit, on loan from the Vancouver Maritime Museum, explores the legacy of these tragic events by considering the lessons that have been learned and how Canadian society has changed because of this experience. Visitors will be encouraged to consider whether the present political and economic climate is very different today; current legislation, policies and public sentiment about immigration invites the question of whether this type of injustice could be carried out against other groups.


text:
Thunder on the Horizon: 4 Security Threats for the Cloud
Security is both a benefit and a concern for enterprises when it comes to cloud computing. On the one hand, Datamation found in its State of the Cloud, 2019 survey that many organizations are moving to the cloud because they found that cloud-service providers (CSPs) offer better all-around security than they could achieve by themselves. Specifically, Datamation noted that CSPS "not only hire the top security experts, they have a lot more data to use for machine learning, to proactively stop security threats." On the other hand, the cloud sparks privacy and data concerns for many organizations. Seventy-seven percent of respondents to RightScale's 2018 State of the Cloud Report said cloud security was their top challenge, for example. Along those same lines, nine in ten security professionals who responded to a 2018 Crowd Research Partners survey said they were worried about achieving and maintaining security in the cloud. Organizations clearly want to enjoy the cloud for its security benefits. Before they can do that, however, they need to familiarize themselves and craft a proper response to some of the most salient cloud-based threats. Let's help them by examining four of these risks below.
1. Data Breach
With organizations turning to the cloud to store business-critical data, bad actors are increasingly looking to compromise cloud service providers. It's no surprise why. A successful hack could net them the personal and/or financial information for hundreds and millions of users. They could then abuse those to commit identity fraud or monetize them on the dark web. Such exposure could damage affected companies' reputations and force them to assume responsibility for legal fees, complimentary identity monitoring subscriptions and replacement payment cards. The threat of a cloud data breach is troubling because organizations are ultimately responsible for protecting their customers' information regardless of where they store it. Enterprises must, therefore, trust that their CSP has implemented adequate security measures to prevent a breach. By extension, companies that don't research their CSP won't know what safeguards it's implemented to help protect their customers' data. They might also lack insight into what steps they could take to keep their customers' data safe in the event of an incident involving their CSP.
2. Lack of/Weak Identity Access Management and/or Authentication
Malicious actors use various techniques to crack into organizations' protected systems. Some tactics are more prevalent than others. In its 2018 Data Breach Investigations Report, for instance, Verizon Enterprise found that "81% of hacking-related breaches leveraged either stolen and/or weak passwords." Organizations aren't powerless to defend against these types of security incidents. Using multi-factor authentication (MFA), they can protect cloud-hosted data and assets even if digital attackers have compromised a privileged set of credentials. They can also use identity access management (IAM) to define the scope of access to work-related resources for each authenticated account as well as monitor for suspicious activity that violates those expectations. In the absence of these controls, organizations place themselves in a difficult position. They won't be able to prevent bad actors from authenticating themselves using stolen credentials. Furthermore, they won't be able to deter things like insider threats, lateral movement and data exfiltration, as they won't have any say on what an authenticated account can and cannot do.
3. Data Loss
Not every bad actor who gains access to a cloud service provider's saved information wants to abuse or monetize it. A hacker's sole mission might be to delete the information. In the absence of backups and other security measures, data loss could spell disaster for the enterprise or even threaten its longevity in the event something happens to its intellectual property. Digital attacks aren't the only causes of data loss in the cloud. Sometimes technical issues can also inadvertently result in data loss. What happened to Microsoft Azure customers in early 2019 illustrates this perfectly. On January 29, the tech giant's cloud service suffered an outage in which internal code customers' databases that used KeyVault keys for Transparent Data Encryption (TDE). Microsoft ultimately restored customer data from a snapshot taken five minutes before the incident began. But as The Register notes in its reporting, customers might have still lost transactions, updates, orders or other important data events that took place during that window. Ultimately, CSPs make use of servers and hard drives like anyone else. It doesn't happen all that often, but sometimes these technologies fail. Service providers can usually recover that data, but as Microsoft's outage illustrates, companies should still take extra precautions with their data.
4. Lack of Due Diligence
Whenever enterprises adopt new technology such as the cloud, they need to do so with their business strategies and assets in mind. It's therefore important that organizations take the time to do their due diligence and evaluate how a service or technology fits into their business road map. Failure to do so could spell trouble. For instance, organizations might decide to roll out a new application that relies on their CSP to operate at an optimum level. But the service offered by the app might not be a priority for the provider, and issues could arise in obtaining the necessary operational and architectural support for the new technology. Legal and compliance complications could also arise from storing customers' information in the cloud, issues which could result in fees and other penalties.
Every organization should address the threats of data breaches, insufficient IAM and/or authentication, data loss and a lack of due diligence before migrating to the cloud. They should take two steps as part of this risk management process. First, they should confirm that their CSP implements safeguards 24/7 monitoring and other multi-layered security measures to protect companies' data. Second, they should use security measures like encryption, IAM and data backups to protect their information that's slated for storage in the cloud. These efforts will help make sure their information is safe even in the event their CSP suffers a security incident. Enterprises might also want to consider using a hybrid cloud to store their data. This type of cloud computing arrangement makes use of on-premises, private cloud and third-party public cloud services. As such, the mixed infrastructure allows businesses to enjoy the benefits of the cloud while also preserving their on-site responsibility for safeguarding their information.


Cropston is a village on the edge of Charnwood Forest, and lies close to Bradgate Park. The village itself is small, with the older properties close to the crossroads of Reservoir and Station Roads. There are a number of cottages dating back to the 16th century.
OutwoodsPainting club goes on the road for countryside art"For anyone who likes art and fancies a couple of hours sketching or painting in different places in and around Charnwood."
FacebookRestaurant opens at historic pumping stationThe stunning building was transformed into a bar called The Pumping Station and served its first customers in January last year.
Local NewsVideo: A snail, a helicopter and scenes of the sunMore fascinating readers' photographs.
LeicestershirePicnic and music in parkThe Acoustic Folk Picnic is a family friendly day in the walled ruins and this year will see seven sets across the day.
LoughboroughLatest planning applicationsIs anything planned near you?


text:
Toggle Physics menu
Information for First Year Students
Senior Research
The Science Shop
NSF Grant to Fund Liberal Arts Science Scholars
Summer REUs & Job Listings
Raman Spectroscopy System
Cristian Armendariz-Picon:
Dr. Armendariz-Picon studies the origin and evolution of the universe. He is particularly interested in the nature of dark energy and dark matter, and in the origin of the initial inhomogeneities that later became the galaxies and clusters that fill our universe.
C. Armendariz-Picon and G. Şengör, "BRST Quantization of Cosmological Perturbations," JCAP, 1611 (2016) 016 https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03823.
C. Armendariz-Picon and J. T. Neelakanta , "How Cold is Cold Dark Matter?" JCAP,1403 (2014) 049 https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.6971.
Munir Pirbhai:
Dr. Pirbhai's research is related to polarized light. He investigates why materials affect the polarization of light. Lately, he has been looking into using polarized light for medical diagnosis. His other interest includes electron beam physics, and he is currently building a system to study single crystal and polycrystalline diffraction patterns.
Catherine Jahncke:
Dr. Jahncke's research interests are in optics and optical properties of materials. She uses techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometery, and near-field scanning optical microscopy to characterize materials. Her most recent interest is in barium titanate which is a piezoelectric and birefringent material with many applications including super capacitors.
Karen Johnson:
Dr. Johnson studies the history of modern physics, particularly nuclear and chemical physics. Her work has focused on the close analysis of the evolution of scientific ideas, such as the wave theory of light and the nuclear shell model. She also studies the history of women in science and the role of collaboration in scientific creativity.
Karen E. Johnson, "From natural history to the nuclear shell model: chemical thinking in the work of Mayer, Haxel, Jensen, and Suess," Physics in Perspective, 6 (2004) 295-309.
Karen E. Johnson, "Spontaneous human collaboration: using disciplinary thinking to study interdisciplinary work," St. Lawrence University 2003 Piskor Faculty Lecture.
Daniel Koon:
Dr. Koon's specialty is materials science. Specifically, he probes materials by looking at how they treat their electrons. He measures charge transport, particularly the Hall effect, which is the result of electrical current curving under the influence of a magnetic field. With his students at SLU he has both calculated and measured how local defects alter measured electrical quantities -- a question of interest for quality control in microelectronics fabrication -- and has used resistivity, Hall effect, and optical transmission to monitor hydrogen absorption in metals -- of interest for the storage of hydrogen fuel for transportation. He has carried out these studies with SLU students in his own laboratory at St. Lawrence, in laboratories in Costa Rica, Spain, and the Czech Republic, and with colleagues from Denmark. He is known internationally and across disciplines for having proven that polar bear hair does NOT behave as an ultraviolet lightpipe and that the iridescence of butterflies acts as a sunblock, not a solar collector. Teaching science fiction in the First Year Program led him into translating science fiction from Cuban and other authors from Spanish to English, which he has published online and in print. Koon is a two-time Fulbright scholar.
D.W. Koon, M. Heřmanová, J. Náhlík. Electrical Conductance Sensitivity Functions for Convex and Cloverleaf van der Pauw geometries. Measurement Science and Technology, Volume 26, Number 11 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/26/11/115004
D.W. Koon, F. Wang, D.H. Petersen, O. Hansen. Sensitivity of resistive and Hall measurements to local inhomogeneities: Finite-field, intensity, and area corrections. Journal of Applied Physics. Vol. 116, No. 13, p. 133706. (2014) http://orbit.dtu.dk/fedora/objects/orbit:135369/datastreams/file_8a190b1c-8621-4d7b-b57a-b8b661309f26/content
J.R. Ares, F. Leardini, P. Díaz-Chao, J. Bodega, D.W. Koon, I.J. Ferrer, J.F. Fernández, C. Sánchez. Hydrogen desorption in nanocrystalline MgH2 thin films at room temperature. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 495 (2), 650–654. (2010)
D.W. Koon, J.R. Ares, F. Leardini, J.F. Fernández, I.J. Ferrer. Polynomial-interpolation algorithm for van der Pauw Hall measurements in a metal hydride film. Meas. Sci. Technol. 19, 105106. (2008)
Aileen O'Donoghue:
Dr. O'Donoghue's research is primarily in radio astronomy and she has conducted observations with the Very Large Array and Arecibo radio telescopes. She has also observed dwarf galaxies in the visible band at the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope and the optical spectra of stars using the 90" Bok telescope at Kitt Peak and the 1.5 m telescope at Cerro Tololo, Chile. She is currently a member of the ALFALFA undergraduate team conducing a blind spectral survey of the sky visible from the Arecibo Observatory cataloging clouds of neutral hydrogen.
A.A. O'Donoghue, M.P. Haynes, R. Koopmann, M. Jones, R. Giovanelli, T.J. Balonek, D.W. Craig, G.L. Hallenbeck, G.L. Hoffman, D.A. Kornreich, L. Leisman, and J.R. Miller. The Arecibo Pisces-Perseus Supercluster Survey: I. Harvesting ALFALFA, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, No. 2 (2019) https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aaf890/pdf
M.P. Haynes, R. Giovanelli, B.R. Kent, E.A.K. Adams, T.J. Balonek, D.W. Craig, D. Fertig, R. Finn, C. Giovanardi, G. Hallenbeck, et al. The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The ALFALFA Extragalactic H i Source Catalog. Astrophysical Journal. Vol. 861, No. 1. (2018) http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aac956/meta
P. Troischt, R. Koopman, A. O'Donoghue, M.C. Odekon, M.P. Haynes.The Undergraduate ALFALFA Team: A Collaborative Model for Undergraduate Research in Major Long-term Astronomy Projects. Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly, Volume 36, Issue 4 (Summer 2016) https://www.cur.org/what/publications/journals/curq/issues/#summer2016
M.P. Haynes, R. Giovanelli, A.M. Martin, K.M. Hess, A. Saintonge, E.A.K. Adams, G. Hallenbeck, G.L. Hoffman, S. Huang, B.R. Kent, et al. The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The alpha.40 HI Source Catalog, its Characteristics and their Impact on the Derivation of the HI Mass Function. Astronomical Journal. Vol. 142, No. 5. (2011) http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/142/5/170/article
R.O. Gray, C.J. Corbally, R.F. Garrison, M.T. McFadden, E.J. Bubar, C.E. McGahee, A.A. O'Donoghue, E.R. Knox. Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc— The Southern Sample. Astronomical Journal. Vol. 132, No. 1. (2006) http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/132/1/161
Jeffrey Miller
Miller is involved in the ALFALFA Project, a consortium of 20 universities led by Cornell University and funded by the NSF, that uses the 1000-ft. antenna of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center's Arecibo Observatory to measure extragalactic abundance of neutral Hydrogen (HI). As part of this group, he has observed at Kitt Peak, Arecibo and Green Bank, and has brought students to an annual workshop at the Arecibo and Green Bank observatories.
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Even after graduation, by giving back to Anderson as an interviewer, I'm given a lot from its community, too.
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Pitru Paksha (Mahalaya Paksha, Apara Paksha, Shraddh Paksha) is a fortnight dedicated to dead ancestors and forefathers. In 2018, Pitru Paksha starts on September 25 and ends with Mahalaya Amavasya on October 8.
During Pitru Paksha, dead ancestors are offered special rites and rituals. Pitru Paksha Shraddh begins on Ashwin Krishna Pratipada or first day of Ashwin month as per North Indian calendar. It starts on Bhadrapad Krishna Pratipada as per Marathi, Gujarati, Telugu, and Kannada calendars.
For detailed Pitru Paksha Vidhi or procedure, you can read this article….
Check out the story of Pitru Paksha – Why Performing Pitru Paksha Shraddh is important?
During Pitru Paksha, each day is dedicated to different section of dead ancestors.. such as dead women, dead children, accidentally dead ancestors, etc.
In 2017, Pitru Paksha starts on September 6 and ends with Mahalaya Amavasya on September 20.
I wish to know how to perform the Pitru Paksh pooja. Please advise from 1st day to last; what has to be done and how?
We have one huge problem in South Africa in that everyone seems to have their own way and I'm totally unsure of which the right way is.
Hi, My delivery date is fall in these days, Could you please let me know , my baby will face any kind of problem in his/her life.
Please let me know whether we will get Purohits/Pandits/Vadhyars (TAMIL) to perform the Mahalaya Paksha 2012 Amavasya Pitru Sharaddh at NASIK TRIMBAKESHWAR. If so pl give me contact numbers and addresses.
You may inform me over my email.
Other than Srirangapatna, T.Narsipura, Nanjangud are there any other places/person performing Piturpaksha(in and around Bangalore/Mysore). If so please provide the contact details(Mob no.) etc.
can you please let me know if palghat iyers are required to perform on all the days of pitru paksha. Also , can all the sons perform individually.
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In space can the difference in temperature between the inside and outside, provide useful energy?
The Thermoelectric effect allows for electrical energy to be created, based on a difference of temperature. In fact the Radioisotope thermoelectric generator is based on this principal and does/has supplied energy to several NASA vehicles.
Space is cold, and the inside of human occupied vehicle is warm. So if you just made the shell of your ship a big Thermoelectric Generator, and kept the inside at a comfortable temperature, how much electrical energy would you produce?
This question is intriguing because of the nature of the thermal cycles. This is the maximum theoretical efficiency of a thermal cycle (Carnot cycle), no ifs, ands, or buts about it.
You can obtain very low temperatures from space, because space is at a low temperature. You'll often hear the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) cited for this, but that's overly optimistic. A radiator could theoretically couple to that temperature, but in practice you would have to shield line-of-sight from every star in the sky. Practically, the averaged temperature of CMB + stars is a better lower bound, and you'll never get anywhere near to that.
If a blackbody was exposed to Earth's radiation and space in LEO, but was shielded from the sun, it could get to -30 degrees C. Obviously deep space probes don't have to worry about Earth radiation, and you could thinkably shield from that anyway.
We're left with the conclusion that T_C, in the Carnot limit, can be made very low. That suggests a very real possibility of a thermal cycle between the radiator and "room temperature". An engineer will hem and haw at the mention of this, but you could have a thermal cycle between those two things at 90% efficiency. I think we need to recognize that the answer to the question, as asked, is "yes".
Now, onto the qualifiers. There are a lot of penalties for ever setting up something like this.
Space stations have to spend money on insulation to begin with, so you would increase that cost (dramatically), in order to avoid heat flow bypassing your radiator.
What physical mechanism would you make this thermal cycle out of?
The system would affect the energy balance of the station. It would have to be a part of the heat engineering from the ground up.
The only thing this really tells us is that it's not a serious near-term consideration. There are good reasons that we don't have a experience base for #2, for instance. There's a lot of work going on with recovery of waste heat, but often over small T differentials, but we don't often consider heat rejection at very low temperatures. It would only come into play for heat recovery systems in liquid nitrogen plants, for instance. If memory serves me correctly, I think thermoelectric systems depend on a very high temperature source. Everything is turned on its head when changing the temperature ranges like this. But there might be good options out there. This would be an interesting study area, because we just don't see those super low temperatures on Earth naturally. So it would rarely make sense to use it for heat rejection. Keep in mind, however, that good heat engines are not guaranteed. Thermal plants on Earth can often only produce 30-40% efficiency when the theoretical limit is 70% or so. That's because higher efficiency systems just won't scale up like we need. It's hard to say what efficiencies we could get.
But we wouldn't do it soon because space radiators are extremely large in size, modern designs require lots of mass, and insulation costs money too. The physical limit is area, from thermal radiation laws, but these are often made of metal sheets, or other things which are heavy. This is reasonable when you consider they'll have to hold in a fluid at pressure (and leaking is bad). The real limit is robustness for the space environment, ability to go up in a rocket, and the ability to unfurl itself into space. If you could spread out a much lighter sheet, it will cool much faster. But how could you recoup that coldness? And how is it going to hold up? In the distant future, space heat rejection systems have a lot of room to obtain very good performance through large, fragile systems in zero gravity. Same goes for insulation.
The heat balance with the station isn't completely self-defeating. This would only work if used with a station that was virtually perfectly insulated to begin with (long way off), but the "useful work" would be put back into the station. That creates an interesting situation where you get back a lot of the energy you consume. Low temperatures have economic value just as high temperatures do. But you'll have some other heat source (the sun, for instance) anyway, so any proposal for heat cycles coupling from station temperature to space also have to compete with coupling to the higher temperature. The ultimate design for heat movement between reservoirs would have to be considered in a holistic sense. But I could see how the OP's idea would make sense in a station powered by PV panels, for instance.
An RTG is based off of the flow of heat. You have to have a way to make heat flow from one spot to another spot. You can't directly just use one end directly to space, there just isn't anything there. What you end up having to do is use radiators, which will radiate the heat in to space, but these tend to be warmer than the spacecraft itself, as they have waste heat. In addition, efficiency numbers for a thermocouple are always less than 10%, and could be much lower than that.
So, where would the heat come from, if not from an RTG? It would either have to be waste heat from the electronics, or heat coming from the Sun. Waste heat can typically be prevented in most cases by careful design, and usually isn't a significant problem. From the sun is possible, but solar cells have an efficiency of around 20%+, and sometimes quite a bit higher than that. As solar cells are more efficient, why use thermocouples?
Bottom line: in theory, one could use a thermocouple to produce a small amount of electricity from "Waste heat" that is radiated out of a radiator. But the best case, it could provide a small amount of heat that could improve your efficiency slightly.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged energy thermal or ask your own question.
What is the status of concentrated solar energy (CSE) in space exploration?
How far from the Sun can solar power be used as a reliable energy source?
Can we transport energy through space?
Can we get energy from the motion of orbiting bodies?
Can the reaction wheels also be used to store energy?
What are the unique design considerations for space bound nuclear reactors (TOPAZ, SNAP 10-A), and their respective dangers?
Could IR space telescopes and other very cold devices use Zeeman slowers effectively in the near term?
What is the relation between the rocket equation and work, energy and power?
"Free energy" moving the space elevator possible?
What was NASA's "LUROVA" Operational Thermal Computer Model analog or digital? How were capacitors used?


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