text:
Resources and "big deals" about ChatGPT and AI
On 01/16/2023, in 21st century, 24x7x365 access, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, corporate / business world, disruption, emerging technologies, experimentation, future, game-changing environment, global / globalization, law schools, leadership, legislatures / government / legal, Microsoft, pace of change, platforms, policy, political science, productivity / tips and tricks, society, the downsides of technology, tools, United States, vendors, by Daniel Christian
Here's the list of sources: https://t.co/fJd4rh8kLy. The larger resource area at https://t.co/bN7CReGIEC has sample ChatGPT essays, strategies for mitigating harm, and questions for teachers to ask as well as a listserv.
— Anna Mills, amills@mastodon.oeru.org, she/her (@EnglishOER) January 11, 2023
ChatGPT Creator Is Talking to Investors About Selling Shares at $29 Billion Valuation — from wsj.com by Berber Jin and Miles Kruppa
Tender offer at that valuation would make OpenAI one of the most valuable U.S. startups
Here's how Microsoft could use ChatGPT — from The Algorithm by Melissa Heikkilä
Microsoft is reportedly eyeing a $10 billion investment in OpenAI, the startup that created the viral chatbot ChatGPT, and is planning to integrate it into Office products and Bing search. The tech giant has already invested at least $1 billion into OpenAI. Some of these features might be rolling out as early as March, according to The Information.
This is a big deal. If successful, it will bring powerful AI tools to the masses. So what would ChatGPT-powered Microsoft products look like? We asked Microsoft and OpenAI. Neither was willing to answer our questions on how they plan to integrate AI-powered products into Microsoft's tools, even though work must be well underway to do so. However, we do know enough to make some informed, intelligent guesses. Hint: it's probably good news if, like me, you find creating PowerPoint presentations and answering emails boring.
And speaking of Microsoft and AI, also see:
7 reasons why Microsoft is winning the AI war — from donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com by Donald Clark
I have maintained for several years, including a book 'AI for Learning', that AI is the technology of the age and will change everything. This is unfolding as we speak but it is interesting to ask who the winners are likely to be.
Donald Clark
The Expanding Dark Forest and Generative AI — from maggieappleton.com by
Proving you're a human on a web flooded with generative AI content
Assumed audience:
People who have heard of GPT-3 / ChatGPT, and are vaguely following the advances in machine learning, large language models, and image generators. Also people who care about making the web a flourishing social and intellectual space.
That dark forest is about to expand. Large Language Models (LLMs) that can instantly generate coherent swaths of human-like text have just joined the party.
DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis Urges Caution on AI — from time.com by Billy Perrigo
It is in this uncertain climate that Hassabis agrees to a rare interview, to issue a stark warning about his growing concerns. "I would advocate not moving fast and breaking things."
"When it comes to very powerful technologies—and obviously AI is going to be one of the most powerful ever—we need to be careful," he says. "Not everybody is thinking about those things. It's like experimentalists, many of whom don't realize they're holding dangerous material." Worse still, Hassabis points out, we are the guinea pigs.
Demis Hassabis
Hassabis says these efforts are just the beginning. He and his colleagues have been working toward a much grander ambition: creating artificial general intelligence, or AGI, by building machines that can think, learn, and be set to solve humanity's toughest problems. Today's AI is narrow, brittle, and often not very intelligent at all. But AGI, Hassabis believes, will be an "epoch-defining" technology—like the harnessing of electricity—that will change the very fabric of human life. If he's right, it could earn him a place in history that would relegate the namesakes of his meeting rooms to mere footnotes.
But with AI's promise also comes peril. In recent months, researchers building an AI system to design new drugs revealed that their tool could be easily repurposed to make deadly new chemicals. A separate AI model trained to spew out toxic hate speech went viral, exemplifying the risk to vulnerable communities online. And inside AI labs around the world, policy experts were grappling with near-term questions like what to do when an AI has the potential to be commandeered by rogue states to mount widespread hacking campaigns or infer state-level nuclear secrets.
AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that — from theguardian.com by Alex Hern
Silicon Valley firm insists its new text generator, which writes human-sounding essays, can overcome fears over cheating
Headteachers and university lecturers have expressed concerns that ChatGPT, which can provide convincing human-sounding answers to exam questions, could spark a wave of cheating in homework and exam coursework.
Now, the bot's makers, San Francisco-based OpenAI, are trying to counter the risk by "watermarking" the bot's output and making plagiarism easier to spot.
Schools Shouldn't Ban Access to ChatGPT — from time.com by Joanne Lipman and Rebecca Distler
Students need now, more than ever, to understand how to navigate a world in which artificial intelligence is increasingly woven into everyday life. It's a world that they, ultimately, will shape.
We hail from two professional fields that have an outsize interest in this debate. Joanne is a veteran journalist and editor deeply concerned about the potential for plagiarism and misinformation. Rebecca is a public health expert focused on artificial intelligence, who champions equitable adoption of new technologies.
We are also mother and daughter. Our dinner-table conversations have become a microcosm of the argument around ChatGPT, weighing its very real dangers against its equally real promise. Yet we both firmly believe that a blanket ban is a missed opportunity.
ChatGPT: Threat or Menace? — from insidehighered.com by Steven Mintz
Are fears about generative AI warranted?
And see Joshua Kim's A Friendly Attempt to Balance Steve Mintz's Piece on Higher Ed Hard Truths out at nsidehighered.com | Comparing the health care and higher ed systems.
I spent New Years building GPTZero — an app that can quickly and efficiently detect whether an essay is ChatGPT or human written
— Edward Tian (@edward_the6) January 3, 2023
What Leaders Should Know About Emerging Technologies — from forbes.com by Benjamin Laker
The rapid pace of change is driven by a "perfect storm" of factors, including the falling cost of computing power, the rise of data-driven decision-making, and the increasing availability of new technologies. "The speed of current breakthroughs has no historical precedent," concluded Andrew Doxsey, co-founder of Libra Incentix, in an interview. "Unlike previous technological revolutions, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is evolving exponentially rather than linearly. Furthermore, it disrupts almost every industry worldwide."
I asked ChatGPT to write my cover letters. 2 hiring managers said they would have given me an interview but the letters lacked personality. — from businessinsider.com by Beatrice Nolan
An updated version of the AI chatbot ChatGPT was recently released to the public.
I got the chatbot to write cover letters for real jobs and asked hiring managers what they thought.
The managers said they would've given me a call but that the letters lacked personality.
I mentor a young lad with poor literacy skills who is starting a landscaping business. He struggles to communicate with clients in a professional manner.
I created a GPT3-powered Gmail account to which he sends a message. It responds with the text to send to the client. pic.twitter.com/nlFX9Yx6wR
— Danny Richman (@DannyRichman) December 1, 2022
A class action lawsuit has been filed against several companies that use image-generating AI with datasets gained amorally. The outcome could affect how AI art is regulated in the future.#AI #ML #futurism #IntelligenceFactory #digitaltransformation #DXhttps://t.co/XhzLWc9Qxt pic.twitter.com/nWBB12aFMb
— Matthew Lamons (@mlamons1) January 15, 2023
So excited to share this quick ChatGPT Teacher Prompt Guide that is aligned with CESE's What Works Best Framework. Download it for free with the link in my bio ? #chatgpt #edutech #wwb #whatworksbest pic.twitter.com/9qio14Mgzf
— Andrew Herft (@HerftEducator) January 7, 2023
Top challenges for L&D leaders in 2023 + other items related to L&D
On 12/24/2022, in adult learning, blended learning, change, corporate / business world, corporate universities / corporate training, engagement / engaging students, hybrid learning, Hyflex learning, leadership, pace of change, reinvent, technology (general), training / L&D, workplace, by Daniel Christian
Top challenges for L&D leaders in 2023 — from chieflearningofficer.com by Ken Blanchard
From an HR perspective, survey respondents reported that the biggest challenges they expect as HR and L&D leaders in 2023, in ranked order, are:
Capacity and resources
Turnover and attrition
Improving engagement and experience
Adapting to a hybrid culture
I wonder if many in higher education might respond similarly…? Perhaps some even in the K-12 space as well.
This posting from William Kennedy-Long (re: instructional design) out on LinkedIn:
I read Clark Quinn's outstanding article which I highly recommend reading, entitled Performance Focus For Deeper Learning Design.
Immediately, I was captivated by what it and he had to say, such that I wrote a short piece to follow up on it.
What are on-ramps? Here's how to build them for all adult learners to reach their academic potential — from chieflearningofficer.com by Michelle Westfort
This may come as a surprise — adult learners over 25 make up nearly 40 percent of today's U.S. undergraduate population at colleges and universities. However, these learners often find themselves treated as outliers by institutions designed for traditional students, which leads to poorer learner outcomes and, as a result, barriers to social mobility.
To ensure adult learners can meaningfully participate in your workforce education program, organizations can build on-ramps capable of accommodating all learners.
On-ramps provide employees access to high-quality academic programs, enable them to continue their educational journey toward a degree or certification by meeting them where they are, and hold a key role in paving the way for successful learner outcomes.
Leveraging 2022's future-forward lessons to improve L&D — from chieflearningofficer.com by Keith Keating
Top 4 future-forward lessons from 2022:
The world changes rapidly — prepare for it
Anticipate trends, events and the skills you'll need in the future
Continuously adopt new capabilities and expand your knowledge
Use tech to your advantage
How Skills Are Disrupting Work: The Transformational Power of Fast-Growing, In-Demand Skills [Dawson, Martin, Sigelman, Levanon, Blochinger, Thornton, & Chen]
On 12/17/2022, in 21st century, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, bots, career development, cloud-based computing / apps / other cloud-related, corporate / business world, corporate universities / corporate training, Daniel S. Christian, Design Thinking, game-changing environment, innovation, leadership, learning ecosystem, lifelong learning, pace of change, platforms, reinvent, social media, staying relevant, strategy, surviving, training / L&D, United States, vendors, workplace, by Daniel Christian
How Skills Are Disrupting Work: The Transformational Power of Fast-Growing, In-Demand Skills — from burningglassinstitute.org by Nik Dawson, Alexandra Martin, Matt Sigelman, Gad Levanon, Stephanie Blochinger, Jennifer Thornton, and Janet Chen
A "State of Skills" Report from the Burning Glass Institute, the Business-Higher Education Forum, and Wiley
On average, 37% of the top 20 skills requested for the average U.S. job have changed since 2016.
By analyzing hundreds of millions of recent U.S. job postings, the Burning Glass Institute and the Business–Higher Education Forum (BHEF) identified four of the fastest-growing, highest-demand emerging skill sets:
Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
These four skill sets serve as a laboratory for understanding what business and education leaders can do to prepare workers and students for skills disruption. To illustrate how programs can help learners and workers acquire essential skills, this report includes profiles of recent innovations from the BHEF network.
The future belongs to those who seek to understand, anticipate, and harness the power of emerging skills, rather than maintain a posture of reaction/response.
The prospect of helping all those who are challenged by skill disruption hinges on the readiness of business and higher education to engage in understanding and planning for skill disruption over the long term.
"On average, 37% of the top 20 skills requested for the average U.S. job have changed since 2016." That's what I'm talking about when I talk about the exponential pace of change. It's hard to deal with. Our institutions of education are not used to this pace of change. Our legal system isn't used to this pace of change. And there are other industries struggling to keep up.
Should the pace of change be an element of our design when we think about using Design Thinking to create a new lifelong learning ecosystem?
"I believe #ChatGPT is going to change the world, including the world of law & legal education. Ignore it at your peril." [Teninbaum] Plus other legal-related items.
On 12/08/2022, in 21st century, 24x7x365 access, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, change, emerging technologies, ideas, innovation, law schools, learning, learning theories, Legal operations, legal reform, legal technologies, legislatures / government / legal, memory, pace of change, society, technology (general), tools, trends, vendors, by Daniel Christian
After playing with in for the past 24 hours, I believe #ChatGPT is going to change the world, including the world of law and legal education. Ignore it at your peril. #AI #innovation #legaltech
— Gabe Teninbaum (@GTeninbaum) December 3, 2022
More interesting results from #ChatGPT. I entered the same prompt about a bicycle accident twice — once bracketed by clear messaging that I was looking for legal advice, once without that messaging. Check out the differences. pic.twitter.com/BJJiGjAvs6
— Jordan Furlong (@jordan_law21) December 6, 2022
Example resources:
Trends in legal technology post-pandemic — by Caroline Boudreau Sweeney
Trends in Legal technology — by CIOReview
PODCAST EPISODE 369: USING SPACED REPETITION FOR YOUR LAW SCHOOL AND BAR EXAM STUDIES (W/GABRIEL TENINBAUM)
Some background on our guest Gabe Teninbaum, and why he's passionate about spaced repetition
The theory behind spaced repetition and how it works in practice
Using spaced repetition to memorize material as a law student
How early in your study should you start using the spaced repetition technique?
Does learning with spaced repetition as a law student help lay the foundation for bar study?
How you can use the spacedrepetition.com website for your law school and bar exam studies
70% Aren't Prepared For The Future Of Work: Demands For Upskilling Surge [Brower]
On 11/21/2022, in 21st century, adult learning, business, corporate / business world, corporate universities / corporate training, future, game-changing environment, generational differences, pace of change, workplace, by Daniel Christian
70% Aren't Prepared For The Future Of Work: Demands For Upskilling Surge — from forbes.com by Tracy Brower, PhD; with thanks to Ray Schroeder out on LinkedIn for this resource
Unprepared for the Future
Fully 70% of people don't feel prepared for the future of work, according to a study of 3,000 people conducted by Amazon and Workplace Intelligence. In addition, research by Adobe involving almost 10,000 people across eight global markets found 80% of people are concerned by at least one global issue, upsetting them enough to impact negatively on their productivity and job satisfaction.
Big Implications
The implications for employers are significant as well, with 64%-66% of people saying they are likely to leave their employer because there aren't enough opportunities for skills development or career advancement.
Coursera is Evolving into a Third-Wave EdTech Company [Feldstein]
On 11/02/2022, in Alternatives, business, business side of he, changing business models, cloud-based computing / apps / other cloud-related, CMS/LMS, collaboration, colleges, community colleges, content development, aggregation, repositories, corporate / business world, corporate universities / corporate training, cost of getting a degree, education technology, global / globalization, higher education, learning ecosystem, Learning Experience Design, Learning from the Living [Class] Room, learning preferences, lifelong learning, MOOCs -- Massive Open Online Courses, new business models, online learning, pace of change, platforms, training / L&D, United States, vendors, by Daniel Christian
Coursera is Evolving into a Third-Wave EdTech Company — from eliterate.us by Michael Feldstein
This is the vision of Coursera's three-sided platform at scale, connecting learners, educators and institutions in a global learning ecosystem designed to keep pace with our rapidly changing world.
Coursera CEO Jeff Maggioncalda
The point of this slide is to show the diversification of Coursera's business. Degree programs may be down, but enterprise licenses and direct-to-consumer certificates are up. But it also indicates Coursera's ability to diversify revenue streams for its university content providers. The enterprise business provides a distribution channel between universities and employers. From what I can tell, it's a Guild competitor, even though the two companies look very different on the surface. The consumer segment started as the MOOC business and has expanded into the "tweener" space between courses and degrees: certificates, microdegrees, whatever.
Deloitte State of AI Report 2022 calls out underachievers [Sharon Goldman]
On 10/22/2022, in 21st century, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, business, change, changing business models, corporate / business world, corporate universities / corporate training, emerging technologies, experimentation, game-changing environment, new business models, NVIDIA, organizational change, pace of change, platforms, programming, skills, staying relevant, strategy, training / L&D, workplace, by Daniel Christian
Deloitte State of AI Report 2022 calls out underachievers — from venturebeat.com by Sharon Goldman
Deloitte released the fifth edition of its State of AI in the Enterprise research report today, which surveyed more than 2,600 global executives on how businesses and industries are deploying and scaling artificial intelligence (AI) projects.
Most notably, the Deloitte report found that while AI continues to move tantalizingly closer to the core of the enterprise – 94% of business leaders agree that AI is critical to success over the next five years – for some, outcomes seem to be lagging.
What is a surprise, she added, is how quickly the AI landscape is changing – to the point that what began as an every-other-year Deloitte report is now created annually.
I'm reminded of some graphics here…
'State of AI in the Enterprise' Fifth Edition Uncovers Four Key Actions to Maximize AI Value — from deloitte.com
Research reveals the key actions leaders can take to accelerate AI outcomes
For Deloitte's "State of AI in the Enterprise," Fifth Edition, we surveyed 2,620 global business leaders representing six industry areas and dozens of sectors. Key findings include:
Ninety-four percent of business leaders surveyed agree that AI is critical to success over the next five years.
Seventy-nine percent of leaders say they have fully deployed three or more AI applications, compared to 62% last year.
There was a 29% increase in the number of respondents self-identifying as "underachievers," suggesting that many organizations are struggling to achieve meaningful AI outcomes.
Top challenges associated with scaling according to respondents are managing AI-related risk (50%), lack of executive commitment (50%), lack of maintenance and post launch support (50%).
This is another area where the incredibly slow pace of the American legal system is having a negative effect [Christian]
On 10/18/2022, in 21st century, art, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, copyright/ownership/NFTs, Daniel S. Christian, innovation, law schools, Legal operations, legal reform, legal technologies, legislatures / government / legal, pace of change, society, United States, by Daniel Christian
This is another area where the slow pace of the American legal system is having a negative effect. The American Bar Association and the majority of the law school graduates (i.e., those who passed the Bar and have been practicing law in one form or another) for the last 30 years have a lot to do with this situation. They have stimied innovation and have protected their turf — at the increasing expense of the American people.
Online learning has been going on since the late 1990's, yet the ABA STILL doesn't let law schools have 100% online-based learning without their special consent.
Artists say AI image generators are copying their style to make thousands of new images — and it's completely out of their control — from businessinsider.com by Beatrice Nolan
OpenAI, a company founded by Elon Musk, just made its DALL-E image generator open to the public.
Artists say they work for years on their portfolios and people can now make copycat images in seconds.
But some AI companies argue that the new artworks are unique and can be copyrighted.
People are creating thousands of artworks that look like his using programs called AI-image generators, which use artificial intelligence to create original artwork in minutes or even seconds after a user types in a few words as directions.
Rutkowski's name has been used to generate around 93,000 AI images on one image generator, Stable Diffusion — making him a far more popular search term than Picasso, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Vincent van Gogh in the program.
2022 EDUCAUSE Horizon Action Plan: Hybrid Learning [educause.edu]
On 10/18/2022, in 21st century, 24x7x365 access, accessibility / UDL, adjunct faculty, Bias | Diversity Equity & Inclusion (DE&I), blended learning, business side of he, change, changing business models, collaboration, colleges, community colleges, credentialing, economics, education technology, experimentation, face-to-face, faculty, future of higher education, game-changing environment, generational differences, higher education, hybrid learning, instructional design, leadership, learning, learning ecosystem, Learning Experience Design, Learning from the Living [Class] Room, learning preferences, learning spaces, liberal arts, more voice more choice more control, new business models, online learning, pace of change, political science, professional development, reinvent, society, strategy, student-related, teaching & learning, technology (general), traditional / tradition, United States, universities, user experience (UX), vision/possibilities, by Daniel Christian
2022 EDUCAUSE Horizon Action Plan: Hybrid Learning — from library.educause.edu
Building on the trends, technologies, and practices described in the 2022 Horizon Report: Teaching and Learning Edition, the panel crafted its vision of the future along with practical action items the teaching and learning community can employ to make this future a reality. Any stakeholder in higher education who teaches in or supports hybrid learning modalities will find this report helpful in preparing for the future of hybrid learning. The future we want is within reach, but only if we work together.
Asked to describe the goals and elements of hybrid learning that they would like to see 10 years from now, panelists collaboratively constructed their preferred future for institutions, students, instructors, and staff.
Higher education is available on demand.
Learning is not measured by seat time.
Collaboration across institutions facilitates advancement.
College and university campuses are not the sole locations for learning spaces.
Students, Instructors, and Staff
Everything is hybrid.
Student equity is centered in all modalities.
Professional development is ongoing, integrated, and valued.
21st-Century Skills That Every Learner Needs [studycorgi.com]
On 10/04/2022, in 21st century, Blockchain, bots, collaboration, communications, copyright/ownership/NFTs, creativity, innovation, leadership, learning, learning ecosystem, new media literacies, pace of change, skills, technology (general), by Daniel Christian
The Ultimate List of 21-Century Skills – 2022 that's on that page lists fifty skills. Whew! That's a lot of skills. I doubt anyone will have them all. But the posting/infographic has a lot of fodder for further reflection and growth.
Communicating the Value of Foresight [Badminton]
On 09/30/2022, in business, future, future of higher education, game-changing environment, organizational change, pace of change, productivity / tips and tricks, workplace, by Daniel Christian
Communicating the Value of Foresight — from futurist.com by Nikolas Badminton
After seven years each company's maturity was measured and it was the vigilant companies – the ones that integrated foresight with their strategic practices – that were '33 per cent more profitable than companies on average. In addition, these vigilant companies have achieved a 200 per cent higher growth rate than the average company.'
Megatrends | September 25, 2022 [Moe, Juang, Ritz, & Royce]
On 09/28/2022, in Africa, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, Asia, Australia, Canada, change, changing business models, culture, data mining, economics, future, game-changing environment, India, innovation, Metaverse, new business models, pace of change, platforms, society, sociology, technology (general), trends, UK, United States, by Daniel Christian
Megatrends | September 25, 2022 — by Michael Moe, Tim Juang, Owen Ritz, & Kit Royce
"The trend is your friend." – Martin Zweig
"Follow the trend lines, not the headlines." – Bill Clinton
"In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different." – Coco Chanel
"I don't set the trends. I just find out what they are and exploit them." – Dick Clark
Megatrends are powerful technological, economic, and social forces that develop from a groundswell (early adoption), move into the mainstream (mass market), and disrupt the status quo (mature market), driving change, productivity, and ultimately growth opportunities for companies, industries, and entire economies.
The metaverse is not a vertical trend; it's a horizontal trend that will impact sectors ranging from healthcare, education, socialization, entertainment, commerce, and more.
The Future of Futures [Dollé]
On 07/25/2022, in 21st century, business, corporate / business world, future, leadership, organizational change, pace of change, strategy, vision/possibilities, workplace, by Daniel Christian
The Future of Futures — from maried.substack.com by Marie Dollé; with thanks to Robert Ferraro this resource
Anticipating tomorrow, demystifying the hype, making the ambient chaos a little more intelligible… Faced with a world in crisis, the futures industry is experiencing a 'big bang'!
As Matt Klein, trend lead at Reddit and author of the Zine newsletter, very wisely explains, "Overwhelmed with data and headlines, we have more opportunities to connect the dots and identify trends. But without a framework or ability to actually differentiate worthy signal versus noise, we become conspirators cooking up meaningless and ephemeral things (…) It's not enough to just paint a picture of the zeitgeist. Analysts, consultants and service providers need to help their clients decode a trend's drivers, opportunities and threats, and then strategize." A view shared by David Mattin: according to the trend expert and former Trendwatching consulting director, the pandemic has accelerated the growing awareness within many organizations of the need for some form of structured thinking around the future. "There is a necessary shift away from tactical trends and toward strategic thinking and transformation of organizations and systems. There is also a need for new and more rigorous ways to combine quantitative and qualitative data with future thinking," he says.
I think we've run out of time to effectively practice law in the United States of America [Christian]
On 07/25/2022, in 21st century, accreditation, adult learning, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning / Algorithms, Augmented Reality (AR), Blockchain, change, changing business models, cloud-based computing / apps / other cloud-related, communities of practice, copyright/ownership/NFTs, corporate / business world, Cost of legal services - including access, credentialing, cryptocurrencies, dangers of the status quo, Daniel S. Christian, distance education, emerging technologies, engineering, entrepreneurship, experimentation, face-to-face, future, higher education, Holographic comms, human-computer interaction (HCI), hybrid learning, Hyflex learning, ideas, innovation, instructional design, law schools, leadership, learning ecosystem, Learning Experience Design, Learning from the Living [Class] Room, learning preferences, learning spaces, Legal operations, legal reform, legal technologies, legislatures / government / legal, Metaverse, Michigan, Mixed Reality (MR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Near Field Communication (NFC), online learning, organizational change, pace of change, platforms, policy, productivity / tips and tricks, reinvent, robotics, skills, society, staying relevant, strategy, surviving, technology (general), telelegal, trends, Uncategorized, United States, universities, using teams, vendors, Virtual courts, Virtual Reality (VR) / worlds / learning, vision/possibilities, Web3, workplace, XR - extended reality, by Daniel Christian
the accelerating pace of change that's been occurring over the last decade or more
the current setup of the legal field within the U.S. — and who can practice law
the number of emerging technologies now on the landscapes out there
…I think we've run out of time to effectively practice law in the U.S. — at least in terms of dealing with emerging technologies. Consider the following items/reflections.
Inside one of the nation's few hybrid J.D. programs — from highereddive.com by Natalie Schwartz
Shannon Gardner, Syracuse law school's associate dean for online education, talks about the program's inaugural graduates and how it has evolved.
In May, Syracuse University's law school graduated its first class of students earning a Juris Doctor degree through a hybrid program, called JDinteractive, or JDi. The 45 class members were part of almost 200 Syracuse students who received a J.D. this year, according to a university announcement.
The private nonprofit, located in upstate New York, won approval from the American Bar Association in 2018 to offer the three-year hybrid program.
The ABA strictly limits distance education, requiring a waiver for colleges that wish to offer more than one-third of their credits online. To date, the ABA has only approved distance education J.D. programs at about a dozen schools, including Syracuse.
Many folks realize this is the future of legal education — not that it will replace traditional programs. It is one route to pursue a legal education that is here to stay. I did not see it as pressure, and I think, by all accounts, we have definitely proven that it is and can be a success.
Shannon Gardner, associate dean for online education
It was March 2018. I just started working as a Director of Instructional Services at a law school. I had been involved with online-based learning since 2001.
I was absolutely shocked at how far behind law schools were in terms of offering 100% online-based programs. I was dismayed to find out that 20+ years after such undergraduate programs were made available — and whose effectiveness had been proven time and again — that there were no 100%-online based Juris Doctor (JD) programs in the U.S. (The JD degree is what you have to have to practice law in the U.S. Some folks go on to take further courses after obtaining that degree — that's when Masters of Law programs like LLM programs kick in.)
Why was this I asked? Much of the answer lies with the extremely tight control that is exercised by the American Bar Association (ABA). They essentially lay down the rules for how much of a law student's training can be online (normally not more than a third of one's credit hours, by the way).
Did I say it's 2022? And let me say the name of that organization again — the American Bar Association (ABA).
Graphic by Daniel S. Christian
Not to scare you (too much), but this is the organization that is supposed to be in charge of developing lawyers who are already having to deal with issues and legal concerns arising from the following technologies:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) — Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), algorithms, bots, and the like
The Internet of Things (IoT) and/or the Internet of Everything (IoE)
Extended Reality (XR) — Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), Virtual Reality (VR)
Holographic communications
High-end robotics
…and the like
I don't think there's enough time for the ABA — and then law schools — to reinvent themselves. We no longer have that luxury. (And most existing/practicing lawyers don't have the time to get up the steep learning curves involved here — in addition to their current responsibilities.)
The other option is to use teams of specialists, That's our best hope. If the use of what's called nonlawyers* doesn't increase greatly, the U.S. has little hope of dealing with legal matters that are already arising from such emerging technologies.
So let's hope the legal field catches up with the pace of change that's been accelerating for years now. If not, we're in trouble.
* Nonlawyers — not a very complimentary term…
I hope they come up with something else.
Some use the term Paralegals.
I'm sure there are other terms as well.
There is hope though. As Gabe Teninbaum just posted the resource below (out on Twitter). I just think the lack of responsiveness from the ABA has caught up with us. We've run out of time for doing "business as usual."
Law students want more distance education classes, according to ABA findings — from abajournal.com by Stephanie Francis Ward
A recent survey of 1,394 students in their third year of law school found that 68.65% wanted the ability to earn more distance education credits than what their schools offered.


For the past decade, artist Atsushi Saga has been mastering his technique of manually polishing the painted surface to attain a mirror-like effect, exploring the limit of what is possible by hand. His seemingly minimalistic configurations are made through painstaking and enduring repetition of engagement; however, unlike industrially finished material, the surface is never perfectly consistent and displays minute differences in its material depth and color. The exhibition at SCAI The Bathhouse, titled "Perception", signals the viewer to detect these fine differences confined within this particular medium plane.
Saga eliminated shape and color from his canvases early in his career and reduced his practice to the utmost simplistic materials and methods. In so doing, he also referenced Japanese traditional art forms such as Noh, a musical drama in which performers express emotions through slow and minimal gesture. In this exhibition, Saga refers to Kodo, Japanese art of appreciating incense practiced as a game with a set of prescribed rules and manners. His new series "inside" (2015-) are blue painted wood boards coated with Urethane, on which five vertical stripes subtly appear under the transparent layer. The five stripes are borrowed from the patterns used for the Genji-ko (Genji incense), in which participants appreciate five selections of aroma, and identify two as the same. On the five-stripe diagram, they then draw a horizontal line connecting two of the stripes laid in order. Saga suggests testing the scents, but subtlety describes it visually instead, and follows the grammar of Genji-ko, which dates from the Edo period.
Within Western art history, the stripes evoke the work of Daniel Buren, who formed an artist collective BMPT in the last 1960s, Paris. For Buren, the stripes are imitable and easily duplicated as aesthetic archetypes and critical tools addressing questions of how we look, perceive, and appropriate. Saga imbues his painting with almost unrecognizable vague stripes pattern, through which the viewer negotiates his/her own reflections about seeing and not seeing, perceiving and sensing. There also is the intention of the artist who invite the viewer to join the game of Genji-ko presented on polished surface to shining like a mirror.


I have recently been featured on two super cute websites! Please check them out and let me know what you think!
Halloween is sneaking up on us and I want to remind ALL pet owners to make sure your pets stay inside safe and warm! If you have an "outdoor" cat please bring them in for the night. Believe it or not people actually target animals on Halloween and abuse them for "fun" (especially black cats like myself). So please make sure everyone is safe indoors.
If your dog becomes easily anxious from all of the loud noises on Halloween contact your pets veterinarian and they might be able to dispense medication to help take the "edge" off and make your dog feel less anxious.
2018 Mr. Magoo the Cat Calendars are here!
My human and I are SO happy my 2018 calendars are finally here!! We would like to thank everyone who has bought one so far.
We do have a limited stock so make sure you grab one before they are all sold out!
We are so lucky to have all of your love and support!
It's going to be another extremely hot week here in Vancouver so just a friendly reminder to NOT leave your pets in the car while you are out and about. LEAVE your pets at home if you need to make a couple stops. It only takes a couple minutes for an animal to over heat in a car on a hot summers day! My human and I were watching the news the other day and a human left her children in the car for 20 minutes with NO windows down! They were both treated for dehydration but are okay. Come on people give your head a shake.
Love you guys and stay safe this summer!
Hope everyone is enjoying this beautiful sunny day.
We have been watching the news all morning and have heard all about the fires in the Interior, we hope everyone including all of your furry family members are safe and okay.
If you haven't already checked out my Instagram or Facebook page you should probably head on over and check out my latest posts! Right now my human Natalie and I are looking after a kitten that is a little over a week old (he JUST opened his eyes this morning). He was found living in a shed with his mom and litter mates, but when humans found them, their mom got scared and made a run for it :(, so that is why he is now in our care. Sadly his two other litter mates didn't make it, but this guy seems to be doing great!
He will be in our care this weekend (until Tuesday) then he will be back in the care of Dr. Ochotsky and her kitten whisperer daughter Drew. In the meantime we are having so much fun looking after this little guy! It is a lot of work, but so worth it.
It's time for this little guys next feeding so we better go! Hope everyone has an amazing sunny Caturday!
Happy Father's Day to all of the amazing Dad's out there (human dad's, cat dad's, dog dad's etc.) All of you make life so much better just by being in it!
A special shout out to my Cat Dad who helps my Mom out with caring for me. I am not a easy cat to own and I know how much work goes into looking after me. Thank you for all of your love, cleaning up after me (because I sure am messy AF), feeding me when Mom can't, cleaning my litter box and giving me a safe and loving home.
I appreciate you Cat Dad!
Happy Mother's Day to all of the amazing moms out there! Yesterday I spent all day with my human mom cuddling on the couch! So thankful for everything she does for me on a daily basis, I'm so lucky.
My human and I are wanting to become better bloggers and to keep our followers posted with more insight on our day to day lives, and what better way too start off by answering some of my followers most frequently asked questions.
Does his tongue ever get dry?: Yes, it does. Since his tongue hangs out of his mouth 24/7, the very tip of his tongue will go black and get dry. All I have to do to treat this is add more water to his diet and that seems to do the trick.
How much does he weigh?: I try and keep him above 6lbs but his last weigh in he was 5lbs 15oz.
Is Magoo an outdoor cat?: No, absolutely not! All of my cats are strictly indoor, there are too many dangers outside and I would never forgive myself if I let them out and something happened to them. Another reason Magoo will never go outside (besides sun tanning on the deck with adult supervision) he cannot properly defend himself against other animals.
Is he cuddly?: Yes! He is the biggest cuddle bug, I've never met such a cuddly cat. He LOVES to sleep under the covers with his head on the pillow all cuddled up in my arms. He sometimes likes to use my face as the pillow :).
How did Magoo come into your life?: I am a Registered Vet Tech at an animal hospital called Westwood Heights Pet Hospital located in Coquitlam B.C. A mama cat and a litter of kittens were found living under someones deck in Port Coquitlam. Luckily they were brought into my work to get health checks before they went to the shelter and that's when I saw him. I instantly fell in love with all 14oz of him. I took him home with me that night.
Does he drool?: YES, all the time. I'm constantly cleaning the walls in my house, he seems to leave a trail of drool (Magoo Goo) where ever he goes. I also have to have another bed sheet on top of the spare bedroom bed, if I don't there will be drool marks all over the duvet cover.
I love answering all of your questions, we love our followers so much! If you have any more questions and want to know more about Magoo just message us on Instagram or Facebook!
Hope everyone has a great Sunday! Today I will be people watching from the front window (I wonder if anyone will recognize me lol!), sleeping, eating and beating up my dog brothers! If all goes well I will probably do this again tomorrow!
Yup! It's true! We have restocked Mr. Magoo The Cat Calendars just in time for the new year! They will be up for grabs early December!
To my followers who are going back to school today, hope you all have a fantastic first day back!
Thank you to everyone who purchased Mr. Magoo the Cat 2017 calendars! We love you!
Even though July hasn't had the best weather, we still do have some nice days that are hot so please leave your pets at home and DON'T leave them in the car! It doesn't take long for an animal to over heat in a hot car!
Magoo 2017 calendars will be here soon!
Thank you so much to everyone who has contacted us about the Calendars! We are so excited and are wanting to make sure all of his number one fans get first dibs! Please contact us at mrmagoothecat@hotmail.com to get your name on the first dibs list!
Happy Magoo Monday everybody! My human understands how hard it is to get back into the grind after an awesome weekend, BUT Monday's are for fresh starts! Go ahead and make your Magoo Monday pawesome (just like me)!
Well, we have been getting a lot of emails about 2017 Magoo Calendars and when they will go on sale. We are starting to gather our favourite Magoo pictures and will be putting the Calendar together ASAP. We will have a pre-sale for them as well! Super exciting! We will keep you all posted. Thanks for all of the love.
Summer is almost here! Just a reminder that as the weather gets hotter we need to make sure we don't leave our furry babies in the car. Loving this weather, you'll find me by a window soaking up the sun!
Happy Valentines Day to everyone on this rainy Vancouver day! Hope you all get to spend some time with the ones you love. I know I will be spoiled with cuddles all day (like I am every day).
Happy Friday! Today I'll be sleeping and eating ALL day. My kind of Friday. Thanks for checking out my cool new website all thanks to the amazing Lauren Pagan!


The University Libraries invite current undergraduate and graduate students to apply for the Incubator Awards: Research Grants for Creative Artists.
The Incubator Awards provide financial and research support for students using historical and rare library materials at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill towards projects in the arts. Students are encouraged to follow their curiosity and use archival and special collections items as source material and/or inspiration; projects do not need to rely exclusively on materials in our collections. Recipients will receive a small stipend, instruction in special collections research practices, and support from library staff as they conduct their artistic research. The Incubator Awards aim to foster engagement with UNC's rich cultural and historical resources and encourage students to pursue new directions, topics, or methods in their work and creative process.
Students from all artistic disciplines are invited to apply for individual ($1000) or collaborative group ($3000) awards. Grant recipients will present their work in a program showcase to be held in April 2019.
Join us for the Incubator Awards Open House to browse special materials from the libraries, discuss your interests and potential project, and learn more about the Incubator Awards and how to apply. This will be a drop-in, informal event.
October 1, 2018: Applications due by 11:59pm (submit through online form).
October 15, 2018: Grants awarded; all applicants will receive notification of their status on or before this date.
UNC-Chapel Hill undergraduate and graduate students are eligible to apply for an individual ($1000) or group ($3000) award.
Proposals are due via the online form before midnight on October 1, 2018.
Up to six grants will be awarded. Priority will go to proposals leading to thesis work or other projects developed with faculty or departmental support. Awards will be made based on the feasibility and strength of the proposed projects.


Posted on January 23, 2014, in Bach Flower Remedy, Loans and Dues, Switch Word and tagged about, Bach Flower Remedies, Chant, COUNT, creditors, DIVINE, Explanation, feel, find, for, husband, IN Abundance, mantra, means, money, MUSTARD, Naran S Balakumar, people, power, repaying, resentment, ROCK WATER, strengthens, suggest, taken, threaten, Torturing, unfair, us, will, WILLOW. Bookmark the permalink.	2 Comments.
Guruji Pranam. Superb God definitely give u long life and very very very hale and healthy. My prostrates to u.


text:
home Weapons Chemical Weapons
No Longer Fictional – Robot Swarms
Robot swarms provide robots with capabilities that are not possible in individual robot activity, such as splitting work among themselves, responding to different risks,...
How Can A Jacket Detect CBRNE Weapons?
US military troops typically rely on mostly large devices and alarms that scan a wide area for chemicals and alert entire units of a...
Can We Control AI? – Experts Discuss The Dangers Ahead
A group of researchers and over 500 experts, including Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Steve Wozniak, and Noam Chomsky, wrote an open letter in support...
Machine Learning Can Detect Hazardous Materials
Integrated machine learning platforms can significantly reduce time, redundancy, cost, and improve the accuracy in detecting threats such as explosives, chemical agents, and narcotics. The...
New York City Study Sheds Light Over Biological Attack Response Strategy
Chemical and biological materials pose a threat to urban environments, whether spread maliciously or accidentally. The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and...
Revolutionary Coating to Protect Military Equipment from Chemical Warfare Agents
The ability to recover assets after a chemical agent attack and rapidly resume normal operations is a military priority. An innovative coating that can...
DHS' Future Research Topics
The US Department of Homeland Security has exposed the areas of interest it plans to advance next year with small business partners. A request...
Visualizing Chemical Threats – New Capability
Tools that see and sense harmful Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) substances are important for alerting military troops before anyone is hurt. The...
Autonomous Vehicles to Fulfill Life-Saving Role
For a number of years Dstl – the UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory – has been researching the potential of using autonomy and...
Revolutionary Tech to Help Deal with Hazardous Materials
The cumbersome protective equipment used by troops and first responders dealing with hazardous materials often hinders the rapid accomplishment of missions. A new development...
From Security R&D to Counter COVID-19 Innovation
Shifting from the development of protection against hazardous materials to improving the equipment of COVID-19 teams. Wearing COVID-19 personal protective equipment is cumbersome. A...
AI-Based Robot to Detect Chemical Agents Keeping Teams in Safe Distance
Chemical reconnaissance (recce) on foot and in specially modified vehicles is currently carried out by specialist personnel in the event of suspected or confirmed...
Wearable Tech Enabling Immediate Identification of Hazardous Materials
A new solution will save first responders valuable time. Public safety professionals are often the first ones on the scene of an emergency where...
Egozi: The Beirut Blast and Israel's Chemical Materials Concentration – the Failure Prevails
By Arie Egozi The explosion in Beirut has raised again the discussion about the concentration of huge amounts of chemical materials at the Haifa Bay...
New Solution to Neutralize Chemical Threat
A new method for containing and deactivating neurotoxic chemicals like VX and sarin has been developed with the funding of the UK Ministry of...
Chemicals Database Now Available to Law Enforcement
An illicit chemistry database is now available to law enforcement personnel in the US even if they are on a crime scene. The Chemical...
Unique "Second Skin" Developed for First Responders
The safety of soldiers and first responders' personnel vis a vis chemical and biological threats relies on protective equipment. However, there are many challenges,...
Quantum Technology to Revolutionize Hazardous Materials Detection
Quantum science and engineering will revolutionize national security. Research into quantum techniques to more quickly detect explosives and exotic types of quantum camouflage have...
Intel's Smart Chip will Smell Hazardous Materials
Teams dealing with the identification and neutralization of hazardous materials are at risk. The industry has long been searching for the right technology for...
Leaving Behind Cumbersome Protection Equipment
Current chemical and biological threat environment consists of "broadly acting, highly pathogenic, and sometimes immediately lethal threats". According to US DARPA, "despite substantial financial...
Multi-Purpose UGV Available For Variety of Missions
A mini, multi-purposed UGV has been designed and is ready for use by armed forces, police forces, and fire fighting forces around the world. Designed...
How New Toxic Gases Detector Will Save Many Lives
Chemical weapons used to be very prevalent years ago and are still pretty common today. They are extremely deadly and can cause a substantial...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We got Bankhead right here, southwest and 92 strong.
Lyrics are property and copyright of respective artists and are provided for educational purposes only. Intro by OutKast lyrics are from Google cache and are not stored in any of our servers.


text:
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text:
You are now in California and the U.S. category.
Huge Snowpack Prompts California Officials To Revisit Drought Status
March 31, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /Capital Press (Salem, Ore.) by Tim Hearden
Is California about to formally declare an end to its five-year drought? After abundant winter rainfall and snow accumulation, state officials plan an announcement about California's "drought status" within the next week, said Doug Carlson, spokesman for the state Department of Water Resources. Exactly when the statement will come is still unknown, as is when and if the State Water Project will increase its current allocation of 60 percent of its 29 member water agencies' requested supplies, Carlson said.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-31 09:43:572018-06-26 17:55:54Huge Snowpack Prompts California Officials To Revisit Drought Status
How The Massive Sierra Nevada Snowpack Will Help Power Homes
March 31, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /San Luis Obispo Tribuneby John Lindsey
In these elevated locations, the prefrontal winds lifted the low-level subtropical moisture over California's mountain ranges and cooled it approximately 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit for each 1,000 feet of elevation. This process is called the saturated adiabatic lapse rate, which wrings out the moisture from the heavens like squeezing a wet sponge or mop — in other words, orthographic enhancement. Rainfall amounts in the Santa Lucia Mountains have been breathtaking. Rocky Butte has logged 79 inches; typically this station receives about 40 inches a year.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-31 09:36:252018-06-26 17:55:54How The Massive Sierra Nevada Snowpack Will Help Power Homes
Oroville Dam Documents Kept Secret By State, Federal Officials
March 31, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /The Sacramento Beeby Ryan Sabalow and Dale Kasler
Citing potential security risks, state and federal officials are blocking the public's ability to review documents that could shed light on repair plans and safety issues at crippled Oroville Dam. One of the secret reports is a memo from an independent panel of experts brought in to guide state officials' repair plans. Another confidential document is labeled a "Project Safety Compliance Report." The secrecy on the part of state dam operators prompted state Sen. Jim Nielsen to call for an immediate oversight hearing.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-31 09:25:232018-06-26 17:55:55Oroville Dam Documents Kept Secret By State, Federal Officials
Why Oroville Dam's Woes Could Cut Into California Water Supplies
March 31, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /The Sacramento Bee by Dale Kasler and Ryan Sabalow
The fractured spillway at Oroville Dam has forced the state to spend tens of millions of dollars on emergency repairs, with millions more to come. Here's another potential cost: a slice of California's water supply. Dam operators are expected to run Lake Oroville, the state's second largest reservoir, at lower-than-usual water levels this summer as they wrestle with the complicated and lengthy task of fixing the dam's broken spillway.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-31 09:23:022018-06-26 17:55:55Why Oroville Dam's Woes Could Cut Into California Water Supplies
Heavy Snowpack Could Extend Delta Boating Restrictions Through Spring
March 31, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Andrea Mora /The Delta Confluence (Sacramento)
High river flows have restricted boaters from many areas of the San Joaquin Delta. The large snowpack and runoff that is to follow this spring could keep South and Central Delta sloughs and channels closed to boats until late spring or early summer. The San Joaquin Office of Emergency Services (OES) continues to keep the San Joaquin River closed below Stockton, affecting Discovery Bay in the west with speed restrictions. The entire South Delta is basically shut down to recreational boating.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Andrea Mora https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Andrea Mora2017-03-31 06:00:322018-06-26 17:55:55Heavy Snowpack Could Extend Delta Boating Restrictions Through Spring
Salton Sea Restoration No Longer Waiting For Dust To Settle
March 30, 2017 /in San Diego County /by Andrea Mora /The Delta Confluence (Sacramento) Mentioned: San Diego County Water Authority
The California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) and the Salton Sea Task Force released a ten-year plan to protect habitat and human health for the state's largest inland lake that has been plagued by decreased flows, drought and rapidly increasing salinity and pollutants. Exposed playa, or lakebed, along the sea's shores create toxic dust, as many locals have developed respiratory illness in the Imperial Valley. Tiny particulate matter is exposed on the playa and carried through the air as dust into Riverside and Imperial Counties.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Andrea Mora https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Andrea Mora2017-03-30 10:12:572018-06-26 17:55:55Salton Sea Restoration No Longer Waiting For Dust To Settle
With Drought Emergency Over, Californians Debate Lifting Water Restrictions
March 30, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /NPR by Kirk Siegler
As California water officials confirmed Thursday that the snowpack in the Sierra Nevada remains well above average, pressure was mounting on the state to lift emergency water restrictions that have been in place for two years. The snowpack across the mountains is now 164 percent of average, a closely watched marker in the nation's most populous state — and biggest economy — where one-third of all the drinking water comes from snow-fed reservoirs.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-30 09:42:272018-06-26 17:55:55With Drought Emergency Over, Californians Debate Lifting Water Restrictions
Will 'Very Substantial' Snowpack Prompt Gov. Jerry Brown To Declare The Drought Over?
March 30, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /The Sacramento Beeby Ryan Sabalow
Two years ago, Gov. Jerry Brown stood on a patch of bare Sierra dirt that should have been covered in feet of snow and declared the state was in a "historic drought." Things couldn't be more different this year as the state enters the traditional start of its long dry season. On Thursday, the state recorded 94 inches of snow where Brown stood in 2015 at the Phillips Station off Highway 50 in the Sierra. Melted down, that would be the equivalent of 46 inches of water. The readings represent 183 percent of the long-term average at that particular measuring station.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-30 09:13:142018-06-26 17:55:55Will 'Very Substantial' Snowpack Prompt Gov. Jerry Brown To Declare The Drought Over?
California Snowpack Is One Of The Biggest Ever Recorded, And Now Poses A Flooding Risk
March 30, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /Los Angeles Timesby Joseph Serna
The skies were gray, snow was falling and it was bitterly cold when state snow survey chief Frank Gehrke made his monthly march out to a deep pillow of snow in the Sierra Nevada town of Phillips on Thursday morning. He plodded across the white mounds, plunged his metallic pole into the powder beneath him, pulled it out and made his proclamation: 94 inches deep. The 2016-17 winter created one of the largest snowpacks in California's recorded history and it's loaded with enough water to keep reservoirs and rivers swollen for months to come.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-30 08:44:542018-06-26 17:55:55California Snowpack Is One Of The Biggest Ever Recorded, And Now Poses A Flooding Risk
Congress Eyes A Bill To Speed Up Dam Construction
March 29, 2017 /in California and the U.S. /by Ed Joyce /Pacific Standard (Santa Barbara)by Bob Berwyn
Republicans from arid Western states have set their sights on making dam-building easier. Led by California Representative Tom McClintock, lawmakers from Wyoming, North Dakota, Arizona, and Colorado introduced a bill last week that would try to force federal agencies to complete complex environmental studies for dam-building plans within a year. But many water scientists, river law experts, and regulators say House Resolution 1664, which is sponsored by California Republican Congressman Tom McClintock, presents an unrealistic timeframe given that any major modern dam proposal includes dozens of detailed scientific, engineering, and safety studies running to thousands of pages.
https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png 0 0 Ed Joyce https://www.waternewsnetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/water-news-network.png Ed Joyce2017-03-29 11:48:492018-06-26 17:55:55Congress Eyes A Bill To Speed Up Dam Construction


text:
Q: Why C# doesn't implement indexed properties? I know, I know... Eric Lippert's answer to this kind of question is usually something like "because it wasn't worth the cost of designing, implementing, testing and documenting it".
But still, I'd like a better explanation... I was reading this blog post about new C# 4 features, and in the section about COM Interop, the following part caught my attention :

By the way, this code uses one more new feature: indexed properties (take a closer look at those square brackets after Range.) But this feature is available only for COM interop; you cannot create your own indexed properties in C# 4.0.

OK, but why ? I already knew and regretted that it wasn't possible to create indexed properties in C#, but this sentence made me think again about it. I can see several good reasons to implement it :

*

*the CLR supports it (for instance, PropertyInfo.GetValue has an index parameter), so it's a pity we can't take advantage of it in C#

*it is supported for COM interop, as shown in the article (using dynamic dispatch)

*it is implemented in VB.NET

*it is already possible to create indexers, i.e. to apply an index to the object itself, so it would probably be no big deal to extend the idea to properties, keeping the same syntax and just replacing this with a property name

It would allow to write that kind of things :
public class Foo
{
    private string[] _values = new string[3];
    public string Values[int index]
    {
        get { return _values[index]; }
        set { _values[index] = value; }
    }
}

Currently the only workaround that I know is to create an inner class (ValuesCollection for instance) that implements an indexer, and change the Values property so that it returns an instance of that inner class.
This is very easy to do, but annoying... So perhaps the compiler could do it for us ! An option would be to generate an inner class that implements the indexer, and expose it through a public generic interface :
// interface defined in the namespace System
public interface IIndexer<TIndex, TValue>
{
    TValue this[TIndex index]  { get; set; }
}

public class Foo
{
    private string[] _values = new string[3];

    private class <>c__DisplayClass1 : IIndexer<int, string>
    {
        private Foo _foo;
        public <>c__DisplayClass1(Foo foo)
        {
            _foo = foo;
        }

        public string this[int index]
        {
            get { return _foo._values[index]; }
            set { _foo._values[index] = value; }
        }
    }

    private IIndexer<int, string> <>f__valuesIndexer;
    public IIndexer<int, string> Values
    {
        get
        {
            if (<>f__valuesIndexer == null)
                <>f__valuesIndexer = new <>c__DisplayClass1(this);
            return <>f__valuesIndexer;
        }
    }
}

But of course, in that case the property would actually return a IIndexer<int, string>, and wouldn't really be an indexed property... It would be better to generate a real CLR indexed property.
What do you think ? Would you like to see this feature in C# ? If not, why ?

A: I used to favor the idea of indexed properties but then realized it would add horrible ambiguity and actually disincentivize functionality. Indexed properties would mean you don't have a child collection instance. That's both good and bad. It's less trouble to implement and you don't need a reference back to the enclosing owner class. But it also means you can't pass that child collection to anything; you'd likely have to enumerate every single time. Nor can you do a foreach on it. Worst of all, you can't tell from looking at an indexed property whether it's that or a collection property.
The idea is rational but it just leads to inflexibility and abrupt awkwardness.

A: I find the lack of indexed properties very frustrating when trying to write clean, concise code.  An indexed property has a very different connotation than providing a class reference that's indexed or providing individual methods.  I find it a bit disturbing that providing access to an internal object that implements an indexed property is even considered acceptable since that often breaks one of the key components of object orientation: encapsulation.
I run into this problem often enough, but I just encountered it again today so I'll provide a real world code example.  The interface and class being written stores application configuration which is a collection of loosely related information.  I needed to add named script fragments and using the unnamed class indexer would have implied a very wrong context since script fragments are only part of the configuration.
If indexed properties were available in C# I could have implemented the below code (syntax is this[key] changed to PropertyName[key]).
public interface IConfig
{
    // Other configuration properties removed for examp[le

    /// <summary>
    /// Script fragments
    /// </summary>
    string Scripts[string name] { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>
/// Class to handle loading and saving the application's configuration.
/// </summary>
internal class Config : IConfig, IXmlConfig
{
  #region Application Configuraiton Settings

    // Other configuration properties removed for examp[le

    /// <summary>
    /// Script fragments
    /// </summary>
    public string Scripts[string name]
    {
        get
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
            {
                string script;
                if (_scripts.TryGetValue(name.Trim().ToLower(), out script))
                    return script;
            }
            return string.Empty;
        }
        set
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
            {
                _scripts[name.Trim().ToLower()] = value;
                OnAppConfigChanged();
            }
        }
    }
    private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _scripts = new Dictionary<string, string>();

  #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// Clears configuration settings, but does not clear internal configuration meta-data.
    /// </summary>
    private void ClearConfig()
    {
        // Other properties removed for example
        _scripts.Clear();
    }

  #region IXmlConfig

    void IXmlConfig.XmlSaveTo(int configVersion, XElement appElement)
    {
        Debug.Assert(configVersion == 2);
        Debug.Assert(appElement != null);

        // Saving of other properties removed for example

        if (_scripts.Count > 0)
        {
            var scripts = new XElement("Scripts");
            foreach (var kvp in _scripts)
            {
                var scriptElement = new XElement(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
                scripts.Add(scriptElement);
            }
            appElement.Add(scripts);
        }
    }

    void IXmlConfig.XmlLoadFrom(int configVersion, XElement appElement)
    {
        // Implementation simplified for example

        Debug.Assert(appElement != null);
        ClearConfig();
        if (configVersion == 2)
        {
            // Loading of other configuration properites removed for example

            var scripts = appElement.Element("Scripts");
            if (scripts != null)
                foreach (var script in scripts.Elements())
                    _scripts[script.Name.ToString()] = script.Value;
        }
        else
            throw new ApplicaitonException("Unknown configuration file version " + configVersion);
    }

  #endregion
}

Unfortunately indexed properties are not implemented so I implemented a class to store them and provided access to that.  This is an undesirable implementation because the purpose of the configuration class in this domain model is to encapsulate all the details.  Clients of this class will be accessing specific script fragments by name and have no reason to count or enumerate over them.
I could have implemented this as:
public string ScriptGet(string name)
public void ScriptSet(string name, string value)

Which I probably should have, but this is a useful illustration of why using indexed classes as a replacement for this missing feature is often not a reasonable substitute.
To implement similar capability as an indexed property I had to write the below code which you'll notice is considerably longer, more complex and thus harder to read, understand and maintain.
public interface IConfig
{
    // Other configuration properties removed for examp[le

    /// <summary>
    /// Script fragments
    /// </summary>
    ScriptsCollection Scripts { get; }
}

/// <summary>
/// Class to handle loading and saving the application's configuration.
/// </summary>
internal class Config : IConfig, IXmlConfig
{
    public Config()
    {
        _scripts = new ScriptsCollection();
        _scripts.ScriptChanged += ScriptChanged;
    }

  #region Application Configuraiton Settings

    // Other configuration properties removed for examp[le

    /// <summary>
    /// Script fragments
    /// </summary>
    public ScriptsCollection Scripts
    { get { return _scripts; } }
    private readonly ScriptsCollection _scripts;

    private void ScriptChanged(object sender, ScriptChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        OnAppConfigChanged();
    }

  #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// Clears configuration settings, but does not clear internal configuration meta-data.
    /// </summary>
    private void ClearConfig()
    {
        // Other properties removed for example
        _scripts.Clear();
    }

  #region IXmlConfig

    void IXmlConfig.XmlSaveTo(int configVersion, XElement appElement)
    {
        Debug.Assert(configVersion == 2);
        Debug.Assert(appElement != null);

        // Saving of other properties removed for example

        if (_scripts.Count > 0)
        {
            var scripts = new XElement("Scripts");
            foreach (var kvp in _scripts)
            {
                var scriptElement = new XElement(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
                scripts.Add(scriptElement);
            }
            appElement.Add(scripts);
        }
    }

    void IXmlConfig.XmlLoadFrom(int configVersion, XElement appElement)
    {
        // Implementation simplified for example

        Debug.Assert(appElement != null);
        ClearConfig();
        if (configVersion == 2)
        {
            // Loading of other configuration properites removed for example

            var scripts = appElement.Element("Scripts");
            if (scripts != null)
                foreach (var script in scripts.Elements())
                    _scripts[script.Name.ToString()] = script.Value;
        }
        else
            throw new ApplicaitonException("Unknown configuration file version " + configVersion);
    }

  #endregion
}

public class ScriptsCollection : IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<string, string> Scripts = new Dictionary<string, string>();

    public string this[string name]
    {
        get
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
            {
                string script;
                if (Scripts.TryGetValue(name.Trim().ToLower(), out script))
                    return script;
            }
            return string.Empty;
        }
        set
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
                Scripts[name.Trim().ToLower()] = value;
        }
    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        Scripts.Clear();
    }

    public int Count
    {
        get { return Scripts.Count; }
    }

    public event EventHandler<ScriptChangedEventArgs> ScriptChanged;

    protected void OnScriptChanged(string name)
    {
        if (ScriptChanged != null)
        {
            var script = this[name];
            ScriptChanged.Invoke(this, new ScriptChangedEventArgs(name, script));
        }
    }

  #region IEnumerable

    public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<string, string>> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return Scripts.GetEnumerator();
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }

  #endregion
}

public class ScriptChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Script { get; set; }

    public ScriptChangedEventArgs(string name, string script)
    {
        Name = name;
        Script = script;
    }
}

A: A C# indexer is an indexed property. It is named Item by default (and you can refer to it as such from e.g. VB), and you can change it with IndexerNameAttribute if you want.
I'm not sure why, specifically, it was designed that way, but it does seem to be an intentional limitation. It is, however, consistent with Framework Design Guidelines, which do recommend the approach of a non-indexed property returning an indexable object for member collections. I.e. "being indexable" is a trait of a type; if it's indexable in more than one way, then it really should be split into several types.

A: Another workaround is listed at Easy creation of properties that support indexing in C#, that requires less work.
EDIT: I should also add that in response to the original question, that my if we can accomplish the desired syntax, with library support, then I think there needs to be a very strong case to add it directly to the language, in order to minimize language bloat.

A: Because you can already do it kind of, and it's forced you to think in OO aspects, adding indexed properties would just add more noise to the language. And just another way to do another thing.
class Foo
{
    public Values Values { ... }
}

class Values
{
    public string this[int index] { ... }
}

foo.Values[0]

I personally would prefer to see only a single way of doing something, rather than 10 ways. But of course this is a subjective opinion.

A: Here's how we designed C# 4.
First we made a list of every possible feature we could think of adding to the language.
Then we bucketed the features into "this is bad, we must never do it", "this is awesome, we have to do it", and "this is good but let's not do it this time".
Then we looked at how much budget we had to design, implement, test, document, ship and maintain the "gotta have" features and discovered that we were 100% over budget.
So we moved a bunch of stuff from the "gotta have" bucket to the "nice to have" bucket.
Indexed properties were never anywhere near the top of the "gotta have" list. They are very low on the "nice" list and flirting with the "bad idea" list.
Every minute we spend designing, implementing, testing, documenting or maintaining nice feature X is a minute we can't spend on awesome features A, B, C, D, E, F and G. We have to ruthlessly prioritize so that we only do the best possible features. Indexed properties would be nice, but nice isn't anywhere even close to good enough to actually get implemented.

A: Well I would say that they haven't added it because it wasn't worth the cost of designing, implementing, testing and documenting it.
Joking aside, its probably because the workarounds are simple and the feature never makes the time versus benefit cut. I wouldn't be surprised to see this appear as a change down the line though.
You also forgot to mention that an easier workaround is just make a regular method:
public void SetFoo(int index, Foo toSet) {...}
public Foo GetFoo(int index) {...}

A: There is a simple general solution using lambdas to proxy the indexing functionality
For read only indexing
public class RoIndexer<TIndex, TValue>
{
    private readonly Func<TIndex, TValue> _Fn;

    public RoIndexer(Func<TIndex, TValue> fn)
    {
        _Fn = fn;
    }

    public TValue this[TIndex i]
    {
        get
        {
            return _Fn(i);
        }
    }
}

For mutable indexing
public class RwIndexer<TIndex, TValue>
{
    private readonly Func<TIndex, TValue> _Getter;
    private readonly Action<TIndex, TValue> _Setter;

    public RwIndexer(Func<TIndex, TValue> getter, Action<TIndex, TValue> setter)
    {
        _Getter = getter;
        _Setter = setter;
    }

    public TValue this[TIndex i]
    {
        get
        {
            return _Getter(i);
        }
        set
        {
            _Setter(i, value);
        }
    }
}

and a factory
public static class Indexer
{
    public static RwIndexer<TIndex, TValue> Create<TIndex, TValue>(Func<TIndex, TValue> getter, Action<TIndex, TValue> setter)
    {
        return new RwIndexer<TIndex, TValue>(getter, setter);
    }
    public static RoIndexer<TIndex, TValue> Create<TIndex, TValue>(Func<TIndex, TValue> getter)
    {
        return new RoIndexer<TIndex, TValue>(getter);
    }
}

in my own code I use it like
public class MoineauFlankContours
{

    public MoineauFlankContour Rotor { get; private set; }

    public MoineauFlankContour Stator { get; private set; }

     public MoineauFlankContours()
    {
        _RoIndexer = Indexer.Create(( MoineauPartEnum p ) =>
            p == MoineauPartEnum.Rotor ? Rotor : Stator);
    }
    private RoIndexer<MoineauPartEnum, MoineauFlankContour> _RoIndexer;

    public RoIndexer<MoineauPartEnum, MoineauFlankContour> FlankFor
    {
        get
        {
            return _RoIndexer;
        }
    }

}

and with an instance of MoineauFlankContours I can do
MoineauFlankContour rotor = contours.FlankFor[MoineauPartEnum.Rotor];
MoineauFlankContour stator = contours.FlankFor[MoineauPartEnum.Stator];

A: Just found out myself too that you can use explicitly implemented interfaces to achieve this, as shown here:
Named indexed property in C#? (see the second way shown in that reply)

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