text:
Luke Bryan Brings Two Brothers Onstage After Their Dad Died, Mom Says 'Thank You for Giving Me My Boy Back'
Adison Haager
Adison Haager Published: August 1, 2022
Luke Bryan was performing at the Xfinity Theatre in Hartford, Ct., on Saturday (July 30), a stop on his Raised Up Right Tour, when a neon yellow shirt in the crowd caught his attention.
In the pit, he spotted two boys holding up a shirt that read, "Our Dad Died. Can We Sing 'Drink a Beer' Together?"
"Drink a Beer" is Bryan's song in remembrance of his brother and sister who died, and it's always emotional when he sings it in concert — so, it was fitting for this situation, too.
The boys' mother, Stacy Sicari, shared with Taste of Country the story of her husband's death and how this Luke Bryan concert was necessary healing for her whole family.
Credt Stacy Sicari
Credit: Stacy Sicari
May 12th, 2022 was the day her family changed forever.
"He was fine," she says, recalling her late husband on that day. "[He] took a shower, talked to the kids, and was locked out of the house."
When Sicari came home from work to see if her husband was there, she couldn't find him.
"He usually takes a nap. I checked the bed and he wasn't there."
Confused, after conversing with her daughter she learned that he had been home, but she still couldn't find him. So, together, they called his cell phone. A ring from her husband's phone would be heard upstairs, and the moments after became anyone's worst nightmare.
"We all ran upstairs and found him on my bedroom floor," Sicari says. Robert Lafranchise Jr. had suffered a heart attack.
Bryan is one of Stacy's son Robert's favorite country artists, and "Drink a Beer" was the first song he ever heard of Luke's. When Stacy had thrown out the idea of taking her son to the concert, it turned into a family affair with all four of her children.
She knew this was a special moment and wanted to go all out. With pit seats secured and custom T-shirts in hand, they went to the show as a family, hoping Bryan would see the shirts, but they had no expectations.
"These boys have been holding this shirt up all night since I walked out on stage tonight," Bryan said from the stage, as he held up their shirt. But he didn't stop there — he granted the boys' request, asking them to come onstage and sing "Drink a Beer" with him.
Sicari laughs now, revealing that she started shaking when Bryan brought her boys, Robert Lafranchise III, and Nash onstage. Nash notes that getting to be up there with his brother was something special.
"A smile on his face makes me smile," Nash expresses.
There was a moment during the song where Bryan could tell Robert had tears flowing down his face. Without hesitation, the singer swept the tear from the boy's face with his hand. It was a tender moment, that for Stacy, meant more than words would be able to explain.
"It was like we knew what he [Bryan] was feeling," she says. "I know I've had people die in my family, but it's different emotionally when it's your husband and dad. I was numb for months."
For the Stacy and her family, this moment was more than a viral video, it was healing.
"Thank you for giving me my boy back," Scari says, thanking Bryan. "Just to see a smile on their face was like more than a million words can ever say."
Multiple fans captured the moment and posted it to social media, and it has since gone viral, with many noting how it made them personally emotional. With millions of people watching this moment of her sons with Luke Bryan, Mom Staci hopes to share a message to those who might be walking through a loss, as well:
"We know your pain," she says. "Keep your head up. Be Strong."
17 Country Stars Who Died Too Young:
Source: Luke Bryan Brings Two Brothers Onstage After Their Dad Died, Mom Says 'Thank You for Giving Me My Boy Back'
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Lions coach Matt Patricia is excited to kick off his second season in Detroit.
Lions players will begin reporting to team headquarters today for the start of the team's offseason conditioning program. Attendance is voluntary, but most players usually show up. Jarrad Davis, Devon Kennard, Miles Killebrew, Graham Glasgow, Theo Riddick, Matt Prater, Marvin Jones, Kerryon Johnson and star free-agent signing Trey Flowers were among the early confirmed attendees.
And coach Matt Patricia is ready to rock, after a late hire last year (because of the Super Bowl) compressed an already hectic schedule.
This year, time and experience have allowed him to better prepare for the first wave of player arrivals.
"I don't want to say the pace is slower (this time around), but it's obviously very different," Patricia said recently. "When you kind of come off where I was last year, into the Super Bowl run and trying to get here and figure everything you -- you're trying to figure out the building, you're trying to figure out players, coaches. All of it is coming at you really fast. Obviously, a lot of it you can't get done in one year.
Teams aren't allowed to hold coach-led drills during the first phase of the offseason program, with activities limited to strength, conditioning and physical rehabilitation (although nothing's stopping Matthew Stafford from spraying a few footballs for guys to shag). Teams can move into Phase 2 of their offseason program after two weeks, and begin holding on-field workouts that include individual player instruction and drills.
The Lions will hit the practice field for their first batch of Organized Team Activities from May 20-21 and May 23, then return for another May 29-31. They'll hold mandatory minicamp June 4-6, then the final OTAs June 10-13 before breaking for the summer.


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This Portfolio (bumblegumjones)
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Dramatic Music App (FREE)
Certain situations demand dramatic music. Now you have it!
A Poem About My LIfe
Something I wrote this morning. I like writing poetry for fun. :)
Swallow The Medicine Down!
I take them to restore my concious self, truth.
Have you ever crossdressed?
RAOK Upgrade Brigade Group
RAOK (Random Acts Of Kindness) helps members by Upgrading them.
Good Deeds Get CASH!
Write reviews to win cash prizes!
The New Change
What happens when you loose everthing you had and have to start over...but with more fun.
BURNING TEARS
The poem details the pain and effects of frustrations in life
Sticky Saves the Day
Oh no! Someone's stolen all of the PDG's GPs!
Overcoming doubt and fear
Lucy's in Denial
Writing Assignment - Third Person
Fun facts with the great Dr. Seuss
by Bubblegum Jones
Rated: E · Short Story · Entertainment · #2111079
Here's some interesting facts that you may not have know before about the great Dr. Seuss
Created: February 4th, 2017 at 2:37pm
Modified: June 30th, 2019 at 10:58am
Genres: Entertainment, Educational, Other
Throughout time there have been many great poets that have left behind their stamp in life. Some writers like Edgar Allen Poe wrote poems that live on forever, even after passing on in Baltimore, Maryland on October 7th 1849. After his death for more than sixty years an anonymous man would leave three roses, and a half-empty bottle of French cognac on Edgar Allen Poe's gravestone, and even to this day that man's identity isn't known. Even today his legacy continues with the Baltimore Ravens adopting their name from one of his many famous poems.
Without an argument Dr. Seuss indisputably has to be one of the greatest children's poets ever. For over half a century Dr. Seuss has been entertaining children all around the world. Today just about every child has been in contact with one of his many priceless books. There's a lot we know about Dr. Seuss today. Here's some of the things we do know about the dear old doctor. We know that..............
1. His name was actually Theodore Seuss Geisel and he wrote and illustrated 44 children's books.
2. Theodor Seuss Geisel was born on March 2, 1904 in Springfield, MA & throat cancer took him away from the world on September 24, 1991.
3. He didn't have any children & he was not particularly fond of spending time with them either. (I'm adding an important note here on how history writes that he was not PARTICULARLY FOND of spending time with children. I don't want anyone reading this to get that confused with LIKING children, because I don't think it would be fair to say that. I also truly believe that anyone who wrote such beautiful books for children must have really loved them. It's possible that Dr. Seuss just didn't want to be around LOUD little screaming kids for long periods of time. So please remember that not being particularly fond of something or someone, doesn't mean that a person doesn't like them, and it wouldn't be fair to classify it like that.)
4. Seuss was actually a recluse, and spent much of his time alone in his studio.
5. Seuss was actually his Mother's maiden name.
6. You actually pronounce "Seuss" like "Soice." (Rhymes with voice).
7. In his book "The Cat in the Hat" he used just 225 words.
8. That his book "Green Eggs and Ham" was written on a bet that he couldn't write a book using 50 words or less. He won a $50 bet with his publisher for accomplishing this! The 50 words, by the way, are: a, am, and, anywhere, are, be, boat, box, car, could, dark, do, eat, eggs, fox, goat, good, green, ham, here, house, I, if, in, let, like, may, me, mouse, not, on, or, rain, Sam, say, see, so, thank, that, the, them, there, they, train, tree, try, will, with, would, you.
9. While Seuss was in the military he wrote a film called "Design for death", which later won the 1947 Academy Award for Documentary Film.
10. In his book "Yertle the Turtle", Yertle actually represented Hitler.
11. While in the armed forces Seuss oversaw the production of 24 cartoon shorts, in which the voice of character Pvt. Snafu was performed by the immortal Mel Blanc.
12. Only Dr. Seuss can fit so much stuff on top of the Grinch's little sled.
There's a great deal of mystery as well as questions that have come to surface over the years from his many great books. Here are just a few of those questions..............
From the book "The Cat in The Hat Comes back"
1. How did the cat in the hat get so many of his little friends in that hat of his?
2. How could one little pink stain cause so much trouble?
3. How did that little pink stain cover up all of that snow perfectly?
4. Why would a house guest eat cake in a bathtub?
5. How much would a $10 pair of shoes in 1958 cost today?
6. Why didn't Cat-C just leave the pink stain in Cat-B's pan, and dump it down the sink or the toilet instead of making a bigger mess?
7. Why didn't the Cat in the hat rinse the pink stain down the drain of the bath tub in the first place?
In his book "Green Eggs & Ham"
1. Who in their right mind would eat any kind of food product in a closed wooden box with a fox inside of it?
2. How does one wreck a car into a tree and not crash, and then land perfectly on top of a moving train?
3. What are the odds of a train with a car on top of it crashing also and landing on a boat?
4. Do you think green pork might make someone sick?
5. Why was Sam not once, not twice, but three times introduced to all of us, when no other character in the book was ever introduced?
6. Why didn't the old cat just eat those green eggs and ham the first time Sam I am offered them to him, and save himself all of that heart-ache?
7. Why wasn't the airplane included with all of the other main modes of transportation in this book?
8. Who would want to eat green eggs and ham or any other meal with a goat?
9. Have you ever heard of a train crashing off of a bridge and not exploding?
From the book "The foot book"
1. Why out of all of the feet in this book didn't any two of them ever match up to make a pair of feet?
From his book "The Cat in the hat"
1. How did that little fish manage to stay alive after being tossed from container to container?
2. Have you ever heard of a talking fish?
3. What kind of motor was in the cat in the hat's picker-upper car?
4. Why did everybody have a name in this book except the little boy?
5. Why was the fish the main boss in the household?
6. Have you ever seen a worse house guest than the Cat in the hat?
In his book "The Sneetches & Other Stories"
1. What kind of a name is Sylvester McMonkey McBean?
2. Where did those Sneetches get all of that money that they paid McBean?
3. In the story "The Zax", why didn't the highway department make the two zax move out of the way so they wouldn't have to build a zax bypass?
4. How did that empty pair of pale green pants stand up in the air, ride a bike, and row a boat without anybody inside of them?
From the book "One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish"
1. Why weren't there any gold fish in the story?
2. Why didn't Ned get a longer bed so that he wouldn't have to stick his feet out of the holes in the foot board or his head out of another hole in the head board?
3. Why did the Nook carry around a cook book which he couldn't read?
4. Why couldn't poor Ned ever catch a break in bed?
5. Why were there more blue fish in the book than any other color of fish?
6. Instead of getting a hair cut every single day, why didn't the Zeds just throw their one hair back into a ponytail?
7. Was the Nook the only one out of all of the Dr. Suess books who couldn't read?
8. Why were you always being asked to go ask your Dad, Mother, and Pop for their view on things?
In his book "Horton Hears A Who!"
1. What are the odds of Horton Finding the correct clover in a field full of 3 million clovers?
2. How did that little clover stay in one whole piece after going through everything it did?
3. Why did the Wickersham Brothers give poor Horton such a hard time to begin with?
4. Why didn't a big elephant like Horton stand up to a bunch of little monkeys?
From his book "Oh, the thinks you can think"
1. Why does Saturday seem to be the main day when a lot of things happen in this book?
2. In retrospect to the book's question on how much water can 55 elephants drink?; there were only 34 elephants pictured at the watering hole, where were the other 21 elephants? (Possibly out of sight on the other side of the hill?)
I hope you enjoyed this interesting list of fun facts about the great Dr. Seuss. Keep this short story in mind for the future to stump your friends with trivia questions that they will love. Have a good day, BGJ
Click on picture to collect
© Copyright 2017 Bubblegum Jones (bumblegumjones at Writing.Com). All rights reserved.

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Celebrating 20 Years LewRockwell.com ANTI-STATE•ANTI-WAR•PRO-MARKET
I'm With Hillary
By Mike (in Tokyo) Rogers
It's time to put to rest this conspiracy theory that Hillary is not fit to be president. I think, and recent evidence proves, she's the finest candidate for the office of President of the United States we've had in at least 160 years.
Oh sure, in the grand history of the US of A, we've been blessed with untold numbers of great presidents who have graced us with their services to the people as…
Oops. Let me start again.
In the long and storied history of America, we've had several great men who were president and lead us into wars….
No. Wait… As president, a few stand outs have killed our own citizens, dropped atomic bombs on civilians and connived us into wars we didn't….
Hold it! Need a rewrite… Over the years, there's been a couple of OK guys who have been president….
No. That's wrong…
Current Prices on popular forms of Gold Bullion
Here we go: Since we've been electing these war-mongering clowns, there ain't been one of them (current Nobel Peace Prize poseur included) worth a single parrot-dropping…
No. That's still not it… Crisis of Character: A... Gary J. Byrne Best Price: $1.79 Buy New $6.48 (as of 11:15 EST - Details)
OK. There was this one guy… One dude who stands out and became president and didn't start any wars, bomb children in foreign countries, over-throw democratically elected governments; nor did he raise our taxes…
This great president's name was William Henry Harrison. Harrison was the ninth President of the United States. He was an American military officer and politician.
He was also the first president to die in office. Thirty-two days in office to be exact.
What more could you ask?
So never mind the Hillary and her "Second Stage Dementia," consistently coughing up a Category 4 Atlantic hurricane, or a few minor Grand Mal seizures here and there, a lost email or two, or the Clinton Fraudation Charity.
Really. At this point, what difference does it make?
Oh, and by the way, this collapsing on 9/11 before getting into the van? Ridiculous! Hillary was merely rehearsing her stand-up comedy routine imitation of WTC7. Hillary the Other Woma... Dolly Kyle Best Price: $0.25 Buy New $5.44 (as of 10:00 EST - Details)
Hillary is the best chance we have for a new president to get into office and deadlock government by kicking the proverbial bucket within the first month in those hallowed halls.
If she does stiff within the first 31 days as president, she'll make it into the Guinness Book of World Records as first woman president of the USA and the fastest to assume room temperature.
Who says a woman can't do as well as a man?
What more could the American public want or deserve?
Vote often and vote Hillary.
The Best of Mike (in Tokyo) Rogers
Mike (in Tokyo) Rogers [send him mail] was born and raised in the USA and moved to Japan in 1984. He is the president of an Internet & Cross Media advertising/marketing agency and a media production company named Universal Vision. He writes about marketing, the Internet and Social Media at the Modern Marketing Japan blog. His book, Schizophrenic in Japan, went on sale in 2005.
Previous article by Mike (in Tokyo) Rogers: Musicians, Artists, and Politics
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text:
Q: how to test my app with google analytic in sandbox mode I am integrating Google analytics to my ios app.Is there any Google Analytics testing/sandbox environment for testing my app before putting it to live system?

A: You could enable "dryrun" and verbose logging with:
[[GAI sharedInstance] setDryRun:YES];
[[GAI sharedInstance].logger setLogLevel:kGAILogLevelVerbose];

Google Analytics will behave as it would normally except it will not upload any data.
Analytics dev guide has section about testing describing it in more details.

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text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)~\cite{ino} is a multi-institutional collaboration aimed at building a world-class underground laboratory with an all around rock cover of approximately 1 km for non-accelerator based high energy and nuclear physics experiments. It will be a multi-experiment facility and one of the experiments will be Iron CALorimeter (ICAL). The ICAL detector will have modular structure having three modules with each module weighing about 17 ktons and 16 m $\times$ 16 m $\times$ 14.5 m in dimension. The entire detector will be magnetized using a magnetic field of around 1.5 Tesla to detect the charge and momenta of particles passing through it. The primary goal of INO-ICAL is to study the atmospheric muon neutrinos. Neutrinos are fundamental particles belonging to the lepton family in the standard model of particle physics. They come in three flavours, one associated with electrons and the others with their heavier partners, the muons and the taus. According to standard model of particle physics neutrinos are massless. However, recent experiments \cite{sno}-\cite{circa} indicate that neutrinos have finite but small masses that are yet to be precisely measured. Their flavours also changes as they travel, which is known as flavour oscillation. Determination of neutrino masses and mixing parameters is one of the unresolved problems in physics today. The INO-ICAL experiment with its massive magnetized detector will be able to shed light on this issue by measuring the atmospheric oscillation parameters and neutrino mass hierarchy. In order to make these measurements, INO-ICAL needs a robust detector system through which the muons generated due to the interaction of neutrinos with the target material in ICAL can be detected easily. The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors are one such detector which can be used as an active detector element in INO-ICAL experiment.

\section{Resistive Plate Chamber Detector}\label{sec:rpc}
The high energy and astroparticle physics experiments generally require detectors which are stable, having long lifetime and cover large detection area. The RPC detector \cite{Santonico1981,Santonico1988}, is one such gaseous detector which was pioneered during 1980s. The RPCs detectors are made up from two high resistive parallel plates with uniform graphite coating on opposite sides, generating a uniform electric field when a bias voltage is applied on the two plates. These are rugged, low cost and highly efficient detectors which have their usage in various
high energy, nuclear and astroparticle physics experiments as well as applications in imaging and other fields.
The main features of RPC detectors are their large pulse heights, excellent timing resolution better than few nanoseconds, high detection efficiency for minimum ionising particles and low cost per unit area. Their excellent time resolution, possibility of high granularity readout and good detection efficiency make them ideal for the development of fast, efficient and robust triggering system for muons over large areas in hybrid detectors~\cite{Bencze}. These detectors are also used for time of flight measurements~\cite{Santonico1988,BlancoTOF} and for tracking in multilayer configurations in BELLE~\cite{BELLE}, BaBar~\cite{BaBar}, L3~\cite{L3}, OPERA~\cite{OPERA}, and the LHC experiments (ALICE, ATLAS and CMS)~\cite{ALICE} - \cite{CMS}. RPC detectors has the ability to provide two dimensional readout at a time. These are also very simple to construct and are almost free from damaging discharges.

In INO-ICAL experiment, RPCs are proposed to be used as active detector element. Their high gain, simple design and affordable cost makes it favourite to construct about 28,000 detectors of dimension, 2 m $\times$ 2 m, that INO-ICAL need.  The experiment is planned to operate at least for 20 years and may also be upgraded to 100 kton in later phases. Because of the huge number of detectors required for INO-ICAL and keeping in mind the long life span of the experiment, it is pertinent to perform a vigorous $R\&D$ to carefully optimize the various detector design and operational parameters like the electrode material, gas composition, operational conditions, etc. to exploit fully all the advantages of the RPC detectors. Keeping in view the huge quantity of glasses required and the complexity
involved in its long distance transportation, we decided to pursue our $R\& D$ on the
glasses available locally. The earlier $R\&D$ performed for INO-ICAL glass RPCs were for 2 mm thick glasses only and was also limited in its scope~\cite{Pramana,Proceeding}. Due to handling issues and shear stress problems involved in the large size detectors, INO-ICAL collaboration has decided to use 3 mm thick glasses for constructing the RPCs, therefore, all the results reported in this paper are for 3 mm thick glasses.

\subsection{Electrodes choice for RPC}\label{sec:electrodes}
In RPC detectors, material properties of electrodes and environmental factors play a significant role in detector working. The electrodes are usually made up of float glass or bakelite and the choice of it depends on the expected event rate. Electrode material plays an important role in the functioning of the RPC detectors, so its selection must be done carefully. Typically, the electrodes should have high resistivity to control
counting rate and preventing spread of discharge throughout the entire gas volume~\cite{Santonico1981, Czyrkowski, Cardarelli1993}. It must also have uniform surface  to avoid localization of excess charge and to prevent
alternating leakage path during the avalanche process.

Since INO-ICAL experiment is going to construct huge number of RPCs which in turn requires a large amount of the electrode's material, therefore, one factor that also becomes very important in the selection of electrodes is the ease of availability of it at a reasonable cost.
We selected three types of glasses \textit{viz}., Saint Gobain, Asahi and Modi which are easily and readily available in the local market at a reasonable price for our $R\& D$.

We performed the bulk resistivity and surface resistivity measurements of the electrodes to determine their electrical properties. The uneven surface texture of electrodes surface properties gives a profound effect on the detector performance because of the increase in dark current, counting rate and thus influencing the efficiency of the detector. For the purpose of determining the surface properties we performed Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis.

\subsubsection{Bulk and Surface Resistivity}
\label{sec:bulkRes}
The bulk resistivity of the electrode material of the RPC was determined through
the measurement of current through the glass for a given bias voltage. The bulk resistivity has been measured using the glass samples cut into 3~cm $\times$ 3~cm of size. Two cables were soldered on two different copper plates which are connected to the CAEN N471A high voltage power supply.
The copper plates were placed on the adjacent flat surfaces of the glass sample and a bias voltage was applied across it. The current measured by the inbuilt ammeter inside CAEN N471A was noted down as a function of the applied voltage. Fig.~\ref{fig:BulkR} shows the bulk resistivity of
the three types of glasses as a function of the applied bias voltage. The Saint Gobain glass was found to have the
maximum bulk resistivity among all the three samples. In the operating region of around 6 kV, the Saint Gobain bulk resistivity is of the order $5\times 10^{12}$ $\Omega$-cm on average. Asahi and Modi were found to be having similar bulk resistivity and is approximately $1.5 \times 10^{12}$ $\Omega$-cm in the operating region around 5 kV. The bulk resistivity measurements were repeated many times and the results varied within less than 5\% from its mean value.

The circuit for surface resistivity measurement is made with two brass bars with soft padded conducting edges at the bottom, which were placed on the test sample. The length of the brass bars and their separation were kept at 5 cm. A DC bias voltage was applied on the jig and the leakage current across the terminals of the jig through the sample was measured. A total of 10 measurement points were taken on each plate to obtain a fine binning. Also, the measurements were repeated many times for the same point and the results were found to be reproducible within 8\% uncertainty from the mean value. Fig.~\ref{fig:SurfaceR} shows the average surface resistivity measurements of the three glasses. It can be seen from this figure that the surface resistivity of the Asahi glass is approximately constant over most of surface area, whereas there are significant variations in the surface resistivity distribution of the Saint Gobain glass. The Modi glass has even wider surface resistivity variations. From the scale of surface resistivity variations of the three glasses, it can be concluded that the Asahi is having the smoothest surface of all followed by Saint Gobain and Modi respectively~\cite{Saikat_SR}. The measurments of bulk and surface resistivity were performed under normal pressure, relative humidity maintained between 45\% to 50\% and temperature between $20^{\circ}$C to $21^{\circ}$C.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=8cm,width=10cm]{Fig1-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{ Bulk Resistivity of all the three types of glasses in $\Omega$-cm as a function of the applied voltage.}
\label{fig:BulkR}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\subfloat[Asahi]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Fig2a-eps-converted-to.pdf}}
\subfloat[Saint Gobain]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Fig2b-eps-converted-to.pdf}}
\subfloat[Modi]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Fig2c-eps-converted-to.pdf}}
\caption{Surface Resistivity for all the three glasses. The X and Y axes are the length and breadth in centimeters of the glass plates whose surface resistivity was measured. The intensity of the colours indicates the value of the surface resisitivity in $10^{11}\Omega/\Box$ and the variation in colours represents the variation in the surface resistivity at different points across the glass plate.}
\label{fig:SurfaceR}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Surface Properties}\label{sec:surfaceProp}
The rough inner surface of the electrodes may cause wide variation in the electric
field inside the RPC. Due to rough surface the sharp uneven edges in the surface morphological structure causes the electric field inside the RPC to vary significantly. Rough surface is very sensitive to the field emission which is a source of high dark current and high counting rates. Therefore, it is very important to perform a panoramic study of surface roughness for the efficient operation of the RPC. We determined the roughness (or smoothness) of the
electrodes surface though the AFM scanning. The average roughness is defined as:
\begin{equation}
R_{av} = \sqrt {\frac {\sum\limits_{i} (t_{av}-t_i)^2}{N}}
\end{equation}
where, $t_{av}$ is the average height, $t_i$ is the individual measured height as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:AFM}, and N is the number of data points scanned on the surface. The average roughness of $1.28\pm 0.33$ nm, $2.00\pm 0.96$ nm and $2.81\pm 1.56$ nm was found for Asahi, Saint Gobain and Modi respectively. The errors on the roughness are standard errors on the mean value. The SEM images for the three glasses are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:SEM}. The SEM images were taken from ZEISS MA15 instrument at 20 kV using common electron beam. The AFM and SEM measurements alone are not conclusive enough to declare any sample as smoother than other with high confidence, however, after taking into account the surface resistivity results together with the AFM and SEM measurements, we can conclude that, at least, qualitatively Asahi glass appears to have the smoothest surface of all. Since these results were not conclusive enough quantitavely to reject any of the three glass samples at this stage, we proceeded to fabricate the RPCs using all the three samples to perform the characterization studies.

To confirm that the glasses we have selected are amorphous in nature, we performed an X-ray diffractometer scan with REGAKU D-2000 instrument with acceleration voltage of 40 kV, current of 100 mA, and $Cu-K\alpha$ as an X-ray.
The XRD study confirms molten glassy type matrix for all the samples. We also performed the study for the determination of the composition percentage of elements present in electrode samples. Carbon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Oxygen and Tin have been found in different quantity in the three glasses. The detailed composition is given in Table ~\ref{tab:EDS}. It can be seen from the table that Saint Gobain glass has no Carbon component whereas Asahi and Modi have 4.89\% and 6.68\% Carbon component respectively. Since Carbon is a conducting element so absence of it from the Saint Gobain glass could be one of the reasons for its high bulk resistivity campared to Asahi and Modi.

\begin{figure}
\subfloat[Asahi]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Fig3a.jpg}}
\subfloat[Saint Gobain]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Fig3b.jpg}}
\subfloat[Modi]{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Fig3c.jpg}}
\caption{Atomic Force Microscopy scans for the three glass samples. The X-axis shows the scanned length of the glass sample in $\mu$m, and Y-axis shows the variation in the surface roughness (or smoothness) in $nm$}
\label{fig:AFM}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=6cm,width=15cm]{Fig4.jpg}
\caption{ Electron Microscopy scans for the three glass samples.}
\label{fig:SEM}
\end{figure}

\begin{table} [ht]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Serial No. & Element Name  & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Percentage of Elements}   \\
\hline
         &          & Asahi & Saint Gobain & Modi   \\

\hline
 1 &     C &4.89	 & -	& 6.68\\
 2 &     Na & 6.89 &	8.22 &	6.34\\
  3&     Mg & 1.79	& 1.85	& 1.55\\
  4&     Al & 0.32	& 0.27	& 0.31\\
  5&     Si & 21.7	& 24.56	& 20.44\\
  6&     Ca & 2.71	& 3.32	& 2.45\\
  7&     O  & 61.67	& 59.97	& 61.99\\
  8&     Sn & -	& 0.58	& -\\
\hline

\end{tabular}
\caption{Element compostion in the three glass samples in atomic weight percentage.}
\label{tab:EDS}
\end{table}

\subsection{Construction of RPC Chambers}\label{sec:construction}
Using three different types of glasses mentioned in the previous section, we fabricated
small prototypes of size 30 cm $\times$ 30 cm RPCs in our lab. Each
glass plate electrode was chosen to be 3 mm and coated with a conductive layer of
graphite on the outer surface. Buttons made up of polycarbonate material were glued
on the electrode surface for the uniform gap separation of 2 mm between the two electrode plates.
The gas gaps were sealed using polycarbonate side spacers from all sides. A gas inlet and
a gas outlet nozzles made up of polycarbonate were glued on the diagonally opposite
corners of the RPCs. The pickup panel consisted of honey comb panels with copper strips
 of width 2.80 cm placed above and below the electrodes.

After assembling the detector, we performed the leak test using manometer technique by measuring the pressure difference (water level difference in both arms)  with respect to time.

\section{Detector Characterization}\label{sec:char}
To characterize the performance of the RPCs made from the three types of glasses, we performed the efficiency, noise
rate and leakage current measurements. A muon telescope consisting of three scintillator detectors being
connected with the NIM/VME Data Acquisition system (DAQ) was used for conducting these measurements. The detector to be
characterized is interleaved in between the scintillator detectors and readout by the
DAQ system as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:DAQ}. All the measurements reported in the next sections were performed at the normal pressure, relative humidity varying between 45\% to 50\% and temperature varying between $20^{\circ}C$ to $21^{\circ}C$ except for the temperature variation study reported in sec.~\ref{sec:Temp}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=7cm,width=15cm]{Fig5.JPG}
\caption{ Setup for the muon telescope with DAQ}
\label{fig:DAQ}
\end{figure}

The RPCs are characterized for efficiency, leakage current and noise rate under different environmental and running conditions. We
characterize the RPCs for various gas compositions, temperatures and
thresholds to obtain the optimum parameters to maximize the detector performance.

\subsection{Variation of Gas Mixture Composition}
The RPC detector uses different composition of gas mixtures to optimize the efficiency and longevity of the detectors. However, it has been found that choosing the best composition of gases is not an easy job and depends on many factors, like the material of the electrodes, the readout mode, the environment, etc. Many of the standard gas mixtures have unpleasant features such as flammability, formation of unwanted elements, etc. A large number of studies have already been performed in this direction~\cite{gas_Mengucci}-\cite{gas_Abe}. Therefore, it is very important to make an extensive study in order to choose the right composition of gases for the INO RPC detectors.
The RPCs were tested in avalanche mode with four different gas mixture compositions as follows:

{\begin{enumerate}
\item First Composition : $R134a$ (95.0\%), $C_{4}H_{10}$ (5.0\%), $SF_{6}$ (0.0\%).
\item Second Composition : $R134a$ (90.0\%), $C_{4}H_{10}$ (10.0\%), $SF_{6}$ (0.0\%).
\item Third Composition : $R134a$ (95.0\%), $C_{4}H_{10}$ (4.5\%), $SF_{6}$ (0.5\%).
\item Fourth Composition : $R134a$ (90.0\%), $C_{4}H_{10}$ (9.0\%), $SF_{6}$ (1.0\%).
\end{enumerate}}

The flow rate was kept fixed at 10 SCCM (Standard Cubic Centimeter per Minute) for all the compositions. Since the Freon gas is the primary ionising gas so it would not make much sense to reduce the composition of this to a low level, therefore, we varied this between 90 and 95\%. The $C_{4}H_{10}$ is a flammable gas so it would not be advisable to increase its composition to large fraction due to safety reasons, therefore, we varied this between 4.5 to 10\%. The $SF_{6}$ gas is used as a quenching gas therefore,  its composition has been kept low and varied from 0 to 1\%. For all the above compositions, we measured the efficiency, noise rate and leakage current of the RPCs
made from all the three types of the glasses. Fig.~\ref{fig:GasMix1} shows the leakage current, efficiency, and noise rate
for the first gas composition. Fig.~\ref{fig:GasMix2}, Fig.~\ref{fig:GasMix3} and Fig.~\ref{fig:GasMix4} shows the same quantities for the second, third and fourth gas compositions respectively. From these figures it can be seen that the efficiencies
for all these gas composition are similar for all the types of the glasses and is above 95\%. Noise rate as expected is maximum in the absence of $SF_{6}$ and decreases as we increase the $SF_{6}$ fraction. The noise rate is maximum for Modi and minimum for Asahi. Leakage current is much higher for Modi compared to Asahi and Saint Gobain which have reasonable values. These observations are consistent with the roughness measurement reported in  section~\ref{sec:surfaceProp}, where we found Modi glass having the most rough surface while Asahi having the least rough surface with Saint Gobain in between.

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \centering
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
          \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig6a-eps-converted-to.pdf}
               \end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig6b-eps-converted-to.pdf}
             \end{minipage}
          \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
       \centering
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig6c-eps-converted-to.pdf}
        \end{minipage}
          \end{minipage}
          \caption{Leakage current, efficiency and Noise rate for the first composition.}
          \label{fig:GasMix1}
 \end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \centering
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
          \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig7a-eps-converted-to.pdf}
               \end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig7b-eps-converted-to.pdf}
             \end{minipage}
          \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
       \centering
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig7c-eps-converted-to.pdf}
        \end{minipage}
          \end{minipage}
          \caption{Leakage current, efficiency and Noise rate for the second composition.}
          \label{fig:GasMix2}
 \end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \centering
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
          \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig8a-eps-converted-to.pdf}
               \end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig8b-eps-converted-to.pdf}
             \end{minipage}
          \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
       \centering
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig8c-eps-converted-to.pdf}
        \end{minipage}
          \end{minipage}
          \caption{Leakage current, efficiency and Noise rate for the third composition.}
          \label{fig:GasMix3}
 \end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \centering
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
          \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig9a.pdf}
               \end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig9b-eps-converted-to.pdf}
             \end{minipage}
          \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
       \centering
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig9c-eps-converted-to.pdf}
        \end{minipage}
          \end{minipage}
          \caption{Leakage current, efficiency and Noise rate for the fourth composition.}
          \label{fig:GasMix4}
 \end{figure}

\subsection{Variation of Thresholds}

The threshold value set in the discriminator circuit to reduce the spurious count rate may
also affect the performance of the detector. In order to see the effect of this we
varied the thresholds values for the RPC and scintillator paddles and measured the
efficiencies and noise rates. Fig.~\ref{fig:Threshold} shows the effect of threshold variation on the efficiency and noise rates for Asahi glass RPC. We did not
observe much dependence in efficiency between the threshold of 30 mV and 50 mV, whereas, the noise rate decreases as we increase
the threshold value from 30 mV to 50 mV. However, further increasing the threshold
value up to 70 mV did not decrease the count rate much, so we fixed the threshold value
of 50 mV for further studies.

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \centering
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
          \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig10a-eps-converted-to.pdf}
               \end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig10b-eps-converted-to.pdf}
             \end{minipage}
          \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
       \centering
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig10c-eps-converted-to.pdf}
        \end{minipage}
          \end{minipage}
          \caption{Leakage current, efficiency and Noise rate for Asahi Glass at three different threshold values and with third gas composition}
          \label{fig:Threshold}
 \end{figure}

\subsection{Variation of environmental Temperature}
\label{sec:Temp}
Environmental conditions like temperature and moisture also affects the performance
of the RPC detectors, so it is very important to find out the suitable environmental
conditions to operate the RPC in order to optimize the performance. We varied the
temperature from $18^{\circ}$ C to $24^{\circ}$C and measured the efficiency, noise rate and
leakage current for the RPCs made up from all the three types of glasses. Fig.~\ref{fig:Temp} shows the effect of temperature variation on the efficiency, current and noise rate for the RPC made up of Asahi glass. Other two glasses also show the similar characteristics.

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
      \centering
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
          \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig11a-eps-converted-to.pdf}
               \end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig11b-eps-converted-to.pdf}
             \end{minipage}
          \begin{minipage}{0.3\linewidth}
       \centering
            \includegraphics[width=5cm,height=6cm]{Fig11c-eps-converted-to.pdf}
        \end{minipage}
          \end{minipage}
          \caption{Leakage current, efficiency and noise rate for Asahi Glass at three different temperatures. These measurements are with third gas compositions. }
          \label{fig:Temp}
 \end{figure}

\section{Results and Conclusions}\label{sec:res}
The INO-ICAL experiment will be using approximately 28,000 RPCs of size 2 m $\times$ 2 m.
Before we embark up on building such a large amount of RPCs it is important to perform
a thorough $R\& D$ on all aspects of the detector performance before freezing various
parameters. We choose three types of glasses available in the local
market, {\it{viz.}} Asahi, Saint Gobain and Modi. We performed various studies to assess
the electrical properties of these three types of glasses. From our studies, we conclude
that qualitatively Asahi is better than Saint Gobain and Modi in terms of smoothness.
Saint Gobain is best in terms of bulk resistivity.

From performance studies, we find that all the three glasses gives almost similar efficiencies under all conditions. The threshold voltage for Saint Gobain is higher than others and the reason for this could be the higher bulk resistivity of the Saint Gobain glass. Saint Gobain shows lowest count rate for all the gas compositions. Leakage current is lowest for Saint Gobain for the first three gas compostions while Asahi shows the lowest current for the fourth gas composition. However, at lower bias voltages large fluctuation in the current was observed. The error on the current measurement is $2\% \pm$ 9~nA, so the fluctuation in current measuements at low voltages are consistent with each other within errors.
From our gas mixture composition studies, we find that the efficiency is not much dependent on the gas composition.
The third composition of $R134a$ (95.0\%), $C_{4}H_{10}$ (4.5\%), $SF_{6}$ (0.5\%) is found to be giving the lowest noise rate and least current, therefore, we used this composition to perform further measurements.
 The study on variation of temperature shows that with increase in temperature from 18 to 21 $^{\circ}$C, there is not much effect on leakage current and noise rate. But, further increasing the temperature to $24^{\circ}$C, both the leakage current and noise rate increases. It is to be noted, however, that the relative humidity was consistently on the higher side (50\%) for the measurements done at the temperatures of 18$^{\circ}$C and 24$^{\circ}$C whereas it was on the lower side (around 45\%) for the measurements performed at the 21$^{\circ}$C. We believe this variation in atmospheric relative humidity to be the reason for transition in leakage current and noise rate at 24$^{\circ}$C when the humidity is also on the maximum side. We did not find any considerable effect of temperature variation on efficiency.

The discriminator threshold variations show that increasing the threshold from 30 mV
to 50 mV decreased the spurious count rate considerably. However, further increasing the
threshold from 50 mV to 70 mV did not have any effect on count rate. The efficiency
does not depended much on the threshold variation from 30 mV to 50 mV. From this study we conclude that the
threshold of 50 mV is a reasonable choice to operate the RPCs.

In conclusion, we found that Saint Gobain and Asahi glasses are best suited for the INO-ICAL RPCs in terms of
most of the parameters that we studied. We suggest to operate the RPC under the $R134a$ (95.0\%), $C_{4}H_{10}$ (4.5\%), $SF_{6}$ (0.5\%) gas composition and keep the temperature around $20^{\circ}$C in the INO cavern. It is to be noted, however, that all the studies reported in this paper were performed on small prototypes RPCs of size 30 cm $\times$ 30 cm. We are in the process of constructing actual size INO-ICAL RPCs to further continue our studies.

\section{Acknowledgments}

We would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India and University of Delhi $R\&D$ grants for providing the financial support. Daljeet Kaur would like to thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for providing the financial support. We would also like to thank the INO group at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) for providing
some of the raw materials for detector construction. Our Sincere thanks to Prof. J. P. Singh of IIT Delhi for his help in getting AFM scans at IIT Delhi.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Days Off
Field Courses
The Story Behind Our Volunteer Program
Nkombi Volunteer Programme is based on a private reserve ( We can't mention the reserves name due to the presence of rhino on the reserve ) that covers an area of 4,760Ha (11,763 acres) and is situated in the malaria free North-West Province of South Africa.
The reserve has been fenced and protected since 1982. The formation of the reserve was coordinated by wildlife enthusiast Dougal MacTavish, who recognized the potential for a unique, highly diverse conservation area for wildlife. Dougal ( now semi-retired ) is responsible for the construction of several dams and animal watering points, the introduction of a range of large mammal species and protection of rare and endangered species.
Private reserves in South Africa receive no funding from government and have to generate their own income in order to survive. In 1998 the reserve started running field courses for universities in the United Kingdom. Over the coming years the field courses would become extremely popular, with more and more universities running their field courses on the reserve. This lead to more and more students wanting to return to help and support the small team of staff on the reserve.
In 2005, Nkombi Volunteer Programme was formed to give students and graduates the opportunity to live and work on a South African wildlife reserve. Volunteers assist our management team in all aspects of reserve management, scientific research and hospitality. (Click here to see all the activities)
Since 1982 the reserve has developed into an area of exceptional diversity with 50 species of large mammal including white rhino, buffalo, sable, giraffe, greater kudu, tsessebe and Burchell's zebra. Smaller species include 4 species of mongoose, honey badger, aardvark and spring hare. Predators include brown hyena, black-backed jackal, caracal, serval and the occasional leopard. The reserve is also host to 30 species of reptile, 15 species of small mammals and 68 species of dung beetles.
The reserve boasts over 300 bird species mixing those which frequent the dry Kalahari type habitat and those that live in the wetter highveld region. The construction of dams has also led to an abundance of wetland bird species and other aquatic life. Nine plant communities have been identified which include over 85 grass, woody and herbaceous species.
Mankwe comprises of two camps, Waterbuck Camp which is the prominent short stay camp sleeping 33 situated on Motlobo Dam. Nkombi camp, which is where long stay volunteers and students stay is currently home to three permanent staff members, a Rhino Monitor and can sleep 10 volunteers / students.
Download Species List
Watch To Learn What We Are About
Get To Know The Nkombi Family
We are a small, passionate team of wildlife enthusiasts that are dedicated to South African conservation
Luke Levitt
Luke has lived and worked at Mankwe Wildlife Reserve for most of his life and has been involved in the programme since it first started in 2005. Luke studied BCom Business Management at the University of Pretoria majoring in Marketing and Strategic Supply Management. Luke has a keen interest in conservation, in particular the protection of the Rhino and works closely with the anti-poaching team. His strengths are working with volunteers and students; he is very much a people's person and is always willing to make volunteers feel at home.
Dr. Lynne MacTavish
Reserve Operations Manager
Lynne joined her father in 2000, and has helped make this reserve a thriving research center. Over many years she has managed to co-ordinate 13 different universities, assisting with and teaching many components of the field course. In 2018 she received her honorary doctorate for her extensive contribution to conservation over the years. She has 17 published research papers; some through the different universities she has worked with, and many through her extensive work with the Earthwatch Institute.
Prof. Adam Hart
Adam Hart is Professor of Science Communication at the University of Gloucestershire, where he teaches ecology, animal behaviour, evolution, diversity and field biology. He has written more than 120 scientific papers on research topics that include African ecology, thermal imaging and anti-poaching, trophy hunting and invertebrate biology, and he a keen advocate of "citizen science" methods, where scientists partner with the general public. In recognition of his insect-related research, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, where he is also a trustee and Chair of Outreach and Development. As a science communicator, Adam is a regular broadcaster on BBC Radio and TV, including Radio 4 documentaries on trophy hunting and rhino poaching that had contributions from Mankwe. A frequent commentator and writer on conservation and ecology in the media, he has also written several textbooks and popular science books, co-authoring the OUP textbook Applied Ecology with Professor Anne Goodenough. His latest popular science book, Unfit for Purpose explores how our evolutionary history clashes with the modern world.
Prof. Anne Goodenough
I'm an applied ecologist and fascinated by anything that grows, runs, hops, flaps, cheeps or chirrups. I have a special love for African ecology and am passionate firstly optimizing on-ground conservation and also developing and refining species surveying and monitoring techniques to monitor the effectiveness of management.
I've been coming to Mankwe for nearly 10 years and, along with my colleague Professor Adam Hart, have conducted numerous research projects with tangible benefits to the reserve and published in leading international journals. These span thermal imaging of antelope, bird-habitat associations, use of camera traps, vegetation monitoring, and parasite biology.
The Nkombi volunteer programme gives us the opportunity to undertake valuable long-term research where we can understand seasonal patterns and multi-year ecological change, which gives us an almost endless number of exciting possibilities for research on mammals, birds and plants. It really is win-win: numerous volunteers participate in key surveys learning key skills as they do so AND the data collected are genuinely useful in helping ecologists better monitor and manage the African wildlife we all love. I'm really excited to be part of this!
Dougal MacTavish
Chief Warden
Dougal is the founder of Mankwe Wildlife Reserve and has been running an ever-growing team and site ever since its creation in 1992. He has built up a thriving and highly diverse ecosystem from the buffer zone of an explosive factory. Dougal's passion and knowledge has created a loyal and friendly community within the reserve. He has lots of knowledge to share and lots of stories to tell.
Prior to Dougal's involvement with Mankwe he had many years' experience with the wildlife department in Zimbabwe and has a passion for anti-poaching and conservation.
He is a qualified CIS and has his FGASA level1, Dougal is also a qualified first aider.
Melissa Dawson
Melissa first came to Mankwe Wildlife reserve in 2013 and has returned on and off since. She has a BSc in Biology from Durham University and a MScR on "The effect of burning on Invertebrates in a South African Savannah". In May 2016 she began working full time as volunteer coordinator, but is now the research co-ordinator since starting her PhD in September 2019. She is also working towards her Level 1 Field Guide Qualification, is a fully qualified First aider and works as a Field Assistant for the Earthwatch Institute. Melissa has a great deal of experience in planning and carrying out research projects and will help students and volunteers with any personal projects for their university research She is friendly, fun and is always there to help
Richie Fourie
Assistant Reserve Manager
Richie first came to Mankwe in 2017 as part of the University of Gloucestershire field course and has been coming back ever since. He has a BSc in Animal Biology and an MSc by Res 'Comparison and Optimisation of Nocturnal Surveying Techniques' from the University of Gloucestershire. He is also a qualified tracker. In March 2021 he began working full time at Mankwe and is now the assistant reserve manager. He works all around the reserve with the conservation team doing maintenance, as well as anti-poaching response and training of the anti-poaching K9s. Originally from South Africa Richie loves animals and the outdoors, enjoying time around the reserve and is always happy to help volunteers learn about their surroundings no matter how big or small.
Join The Nkombi Team Today
Nkombi Volunteer Programme
info@nkombi.com
North West Province, South Africa
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Gabe is getting so big. How on earth is time flying by so fast? We need to meet up soon b/c I need to get out of the house. Maybe stroller skating again? Heck, maybe we could go Christmas shopping. Don't you feel like this will be the best Christmas EVER?


text:
Leipephile (, in den Handschriften ), Tochter des Iolaos, ist eine Gestalt der griechischen Mythologie.

Mit ihrem Gemahl Phylas, einem Enkel des Herakles, hatte sie zwei Kinder. Ihr Sohn Hippotes erschlug irrtümlich den Seher Karnos, einen Liebling des Apollon. Ihre Tochter Thero wurde von Apollon die Mutter des Chairon.

Der handschriftlich überlieferte Name Leipephilene wird als verderbte Form zu Leipephile emendiert, als möglich vorgeschlagen werden aber auch Hippophile und Deiphile.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Person der griechischen Mythologie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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The Vatican foreign minister Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo announced Wednesday that diplomatic ties with China are not "insurmountable," but should be handled carefully.
Canada Legalize Same-Sex Marriage, Evangelicals Express Disappointment
Bruce Clemenger, president of the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada (EFC), said: "Today our government has chosen to redefine the foundational institution of our society."
Same-sex marriage bill last day on Friday before Senate
A bill to remove the words 'one man and one woman' to 'two persons' from state marriage law
China Bible Seminary Thanksgiving Retreat, Established for 75 years
China Bible Seminary held a thanksgiving Retreat in Hong Kong to celebrate its 75th anniversary, entered a new page of history. Pastor Qing Jia preached that the strategy of seminary is "Christ at t
'Life will never be the same again' by Dr. Sung in San Francisco
NAE aids environmentalists to tackle global warming
PHILADELPHIA – This summer, the NAE, who has been connected with evangelical Christian ministries and churches for over the last 60 years, will seek agreements among evangelical leaders on strategies


Carmelo Anthony re-signed with The New York Knicks for lack of a better option, as The New York Knicks re-signed Carmelo Anthony for lack of a better option. Loyalty was never a factor for either party. If a viable opportunity to win a championship had materialized, Anthony would have left New York, and The Knicks would have been less than crushed to see him go. But defecting to Chicago or L.A. would have improved Melo's chances of winning a championship marginally or not at all, and accounting for the injuries of Derrick Rose and Kobe Bryant introduces unknowns as daunting as any in New York. The Knicks faced a year of utter irrelevancy in losing Melo, but also a considerably brighter horizon in 2015, when they would have nearly twice as much cap room in free agency and, presumably, a lottery pick in the draft. By inking Carmelo to his new 5-year, $122 million dollar deal, The Knicks have placed their hopes squarely on the shoulders of a superstar nearing the end of his prime who played more minutes than any other player in the league last season. On paper, this is a recipe for disaster. In the masochistic and irrational mind of a Knicks fan, it is the first step on the path to glory.
First, the hurdles, which are legion. For effect, minimal punctuation will be used in the following list of The Knicks' concerns, a bona fide litany in no way limited to having a General Manager with zero front office experience and a head coach with zero sideline experience and the twin malignant tumors of the Stoudemire and Bargnani contracts still on the books and arguably a worse roster than the one last year that failed to make the playoffs in the one of the least competitive conferences in NBA history, a roster that still includes Amare Stoudemire's bum knees and Andrea Bargnani's broken soul and Iman Shumpert's inconsistency and Pablo Prigioni's defense and J.R. Smith's shot selection and J.R. Smith's pranks and J.R. Smith's committable lunacy and J.R. Smith. Which is to mention none of the unmentionable names that fill out the rest of the roster. All of these are but the iceberg's tip of the issues The Knicks must address before becoming even a fringe contender in the East, a conference far more competitive than it was just a year ago. And then there is the elephant in the room full of elephants.
At this point in his career, Carmelo Anthony isn't going to improve as a basketball player. He is thirty years old, either at the tail end of his prime or the beginning of his decline from superstar to star. The best case scenario over the next five years, for both Carmelo and The Knicks, is that his level of play holds at their current levels of offensive brilliance and defensive mediocrity. This is a possibility, if an outside one. The likelier outcome is one or two years of equal to slightly diminished statistics, followed by a persistent trend of diminishing performance. Carmelo has also wrestled with nagging injuries in the past, and the risk of severe, season-ending injury increases with age. Excluding Carmelo, the top ten most valuable players in the league are approximately LeBron James, Kevin Durant, Blake Griffin, Russell Westbrook, Chris Paul, Kevin Love, Anthony Davis, Stephan Curry, James Harden and Dwight Howard. All of those players are younger than Carmelo Anthony. What The Knicks have to ask themselves is, If Carmelo wasn't excluded, would he even make the top ten? Top fifteen? Can a championship contender still be built around Carmelo Anthony? Could it ever be?
If this video is any indicator, yes, a championship contender can be built around Carmelo Anthony. The central problem of his career with The Knicks is that circumstance has prevented that building of a contender at the foundational level. Abominable front office decision making has furnished Anthony with hodgepodge rosters of has beens (Rasheed Wallace, Jason Kidd) and never-beens (Kenyon Martin, Andrea Bargnani). Carmelo is partly to blame for this, since The Knicks sent nearly all its assets to Denver in exchange for him. What has befallen the franchise in the ensuing years reads like a comedy of errors. Amare's knees imploded before fans could truly appreciate how ill-suited his style of play was to Anthony's. J.R. Smith won Sixth Man of the Year and promptly elbowed Jason Terry in the face for no discernible reason, sending the entire team into a two year tailspin. The Knicks didn't just sign the worthless Andrea Bargnani, one of the worst 1st overall picks in NBA history, they traded draft picks for him. Then they re-signed Raymond Felton, a fat person who happens to wear a basketball jersey. One needn't squint to see how some, if not most, of these decisions were made as a result of Carmelo's original trade. His staying may be an admission of guilt, albeit a silent one.
But Carmelo's decision to return has nothing to do with the upcoming 2014-2015 season. The Knicks will be lucky to make the playoffs in the retooled East this year, and any success thereafter is icing. Carmelo re-signed to make a last push for a Finals appearance in years three and four of his contract, when The Knicks have the financial wiggle room to lure free agents like Kevin Durant and Phil Jackson's philosophy has ingrained itself in the culture. And while these possibilities also aren't givens at all, with Durant likelier to sign elsewhere or stay in Oklahoma City, and The Knicks potential ability to run The Triangle limited by a lack of talent, the tide does seem to have turned in the right direction. Felton and the shell of Tyson Chandler have been shipped to Dallas. Amare's and Bargnani's contracts expire after this season and are trade assets until then. A statement like "Tim Hardaway Jr. may be the second best player on this team" would sound like a death knell to most NBA fans, but it is a sweet and hopeful lullaby to fans of The Knicks. Things are getting better, if only because they couldn't get much worse.
Stars, planets, moons and meteors have to align perfectly for Carmelo Anthony to lead The Knicks to the NBA Championship sometime over the next five seasons. Theoretically, he would have been a few inches closer in Chicago, where his offensive prowess could have reanimated the Bulls' dead attack while their extant system compensated for his defense. Why didn't he put himself in the best position to win? The answer still has nothing to do with loyalty, everything to do with irrationality. Carmelo Anthony returned to The Knicks for the same ludicrous reason the franchise's battered fans continue to root for The Knicks. It is a pathology rooted in delusions of grandeur and baseless exceptionalism, the claim, not altogether unfounded, that New York City is the best city in the world. This may not be the case for everyone, but it is the case for Carmelo Anthony. Lack of better options abound when you've already found your best option. For it may be a far, far better thing to fight and fail in New York than to win anywhere else.


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'It brought us together' — Life in Joplin two years after tornado
Adriene Hill May 23, 2013
https://www.marketplace.org/2013/05/23/it-brought-us-together-life-joplin-two-years-after-tornado/
As people hit by the tornado in Moore, Okla., grieve and begin thinking about rebuilding, folks in Joplin, Mo., are marking the second anniversary of a tornado that killed 171 people. Joplin has been rebuilding its physical structures and community. Mark Rohr, its city manager, talks about how the recovery is going and offers some morale support for Moore's residents.
"I don't want to presume to make decisions or know what [Moore is] going through in every instance. I can just call attention to what we did. The first thing we tried to do is clear the streets. That opens all the doors for all the other things to take place. They may have accomplished that by this point and time. They have to clear the drainage ditches to make sure that you don't compound things by having storm water build back up. You have to complete your search and rescue efforts, which I think they've done. And start making plans. You have to remove the debris. There's an incredible amount of debris that we experienced," says Rohr. "All the while they'll have people there from FEMA and other agencies helping them through this, but it's a daunting task."
Joplin residents carry on after tornado
In May 2011, a tornado ripped through Joplin, Mo., killing 161 people. As Joplin's residents make their way through the stages of grief, three families discuss how they survived and how they're preparing for the next one. Read more and view a slideshow.
Rohr says after the tornado hit Joplin, a lot of people wanted to start rebuilding quickly. But what the city did was put a moratorium on rebuilding residences — mainly because the debris had to be removed.
"We began rebuilding by delaying rebuilding," says Rohr.
What's the city of Joplin like today?
"We had 7,500 homes impacted by our tornado and 84 percent of those homes are now rebuilt, repaired or have building permits in place to do so. We had about 550 businesses impacted and 90 percent of those businesses are either up and running or will be in the near future," says Rohr, who adds that the community of Joplin has also grown closer after the tornado. "As far as Joplin is concerned, I think it brought us together."
A year after a deadly tornado in Tennessee, people weigh the decision to rebuild
Kentucky housing advocate on tornado recovery: "We can't go back to the status quo"
Nashville musicians, recovering from tornadoes, face COVID-19 cancellations
Ohio community badly affected by tornadoes
Unsettled leadership could hurt federal disaster response
Smartphone: Enter stage left


Our hard work has paid off, most PIPSC members will receive a significant increase in their dental plan as of January 1st, 2019. This is an early result of ongoing negotiations alongside our union partners at the National Joint Council Dental Care Board of Management.
PIPSC recently launched the second part of a three-report series on tax fairness. In this report, we are addressing the resources required to ensure everyone pays their fair share of taxes. Like all government operations, the fair, impartial collection of tax revenue can only be achieved if the funding and structures exist to support it.
Bill C-62 has passed, repealing two blatantly anti-labour pieces of legislation introduced by the former Harper government which attacked disability and sick leave rights.
This November PIPSC members supported and marked the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women in Canada with attendance at vigils across the country.
As a union we have an important role to play acting as a bridge to community resources and bargain for language that addresses domestic violence as a workplace issue. Visit the Canadian Labour Domestic Violence at Work Resource Centre to learn more about our role.
Please note that PIPSC offices will be closed from December 24 to December 28, inclusively. We will return to our regular hours in the New Year on January 2nd.
The Institute will be holding its 2nd Young Workers Forum on February 15th and 16th in Gatineau, Quebec. The goal is to develop strategies to engage young workers in the union and strengthen regional young workers' committees.


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Q: How to set background color dynamically/ pragmatically in android kotlin Dynamically change Button background in Kotlin Android. Below is my code. Is any other ways to do this in Kotlin ? Please suggest..
var btnBackground = findViewById(R.id.buttonBg) as Button
    var bgColor: Int = 1
    btnBackground.setOnClickListener { v ->
        if (bgColor == 1) {
            btnBackground.background = resources.getDrawable(R.drawable.btn_center_gradient)
            bgColor = 2
        } else if (bgColor == 2) {
            btnBackground.background = resources.getDrawable(R.drawable.btn_edge_color)
            bgColor = 3
        } else if (bgColor == 3) {
            btnBackground.background = resources.getDrawable(R.drawable.btn_gradient)
            bgColor=4
        }else if(bgColor==4){
            btnBackground.background=resources.getDrawable(R.drawable.btn_solid_color)
            bgColor=1
        }
    }

A: If you don't like all those if statements (one for each drawable background) then try something like this:
var btnBackground = findViewById(R.id.buttonBg) as Button
var bgColor: Int = 0
val bgDrawableIds = intArrayOf(
    R.drawable.btn_center_gradient,
    R.drawable.btn_edge_color,
    R.drawable.btn_gradient,
    R.drawable.btn_solid_color
)

btnBackground.setOnClickListener { v ->
    bgColor++
    btnBackground.background = resources.getDrawable(bgDrawableIds[bgColor % bgDrawableIds.size])
}

If you need to add more backgrounds, just add it to the array.


It's Marian's first appearance in the dance.
The Sabres have shined on special teams this season ranking eighth in the country for combined special teams at a 55.8-percent success rate.
Marian is 17-0-1 this season when they score the first goal of the game. When Marian heads into the first intermission with a lead they are 14-0-1 on the year and that record improves to a perfect 17-0-0 ledger when leading after two periods.
Goalie Vorva is tied for second most shutouts in the country with 4.
Marian had a dominating season in non-conference action going 8-0-1 with the tie coming at home against Saint John's (Minn.).
This is the first time that Augsburg will host an NCAA tournament game in men's hockey. Augsburg is 3-6-1 all-time in NCAA tournament play, with fourth place finishes in 1984 and 1998.
Should the Auggies win this Saturday, it would be the third straight year that the Auggies would face St. Norbert (24-4-1 overall) in the national quarterfinals.
Versus NCHA teams this season, Augsburg is 0 -. 3...SNC (2), CSS (1)....will that trend continue??
Vorva has 20 wins, second in the country to SNC's TJ Black's 24 wins.
...The Sabres have shined on special teams this season ranking eighth in the country for combined special teams at a 55.8-percent success rate.
If your PP is at 25%, that would imply your PK% is 30.8%. You want the sum of PP% + PK% to be over 100.
No, Combined Special Teams implies the total pk/pk events + pp/pp events. What you are are implying is addition of the two sums of the percentages.
Marian is currently 25/120 on the PP and 115/131 on the PK.
You may mean something different but you don't add fractions by adding numerators and adding denominators and dividing.
I correctly wrote what I was conveying. I did not say I was adding fractions, but rather indicating how this skewed and useless statistic is calculated.
You wrote that you were adding fractions. When I see 25/120 + 115/131 = 140/251 my years of correcting students kick is. I think what you mean is (25 + 115)/(120 + 131), where the numerator = the number of successes and the denominator = the number of trials, but that statistic is attempting to add apples and oranges and coming up with (possibly) kumquats.
Is the live stream working for anybody? I'm just getting a black screen that says "Stream is not available".
Augsburg scores again. 2-0. About 45 seconds later.
And Marian has asked for time.
(Well, then give it to them!).
Marian not getting much going offensively. Augsburg making the most of its chances. Game a bit closer than the score indicates but Auggies certainly playing better.


text:
Top French court rules sacking over veil 'discriminatory'
France's law that bans the wearing of a nikab, or full muslim veil, has caused outrage in parts of the country. (AFP)
AFP Tuesday 19 March 2013
A French Muslim woman who was sacked for wearing the Islamic headscarf at work was unfairly dismissed on the basis of her religion, France's top court ruled on Tuesday.
In a landmark decision, the Court of Cassation overturned an earlier ruling by an appeal court in Versailles which had upheld the right of her employer, a private crèche in the Paris suburbs, to dismiss the woman after she refused to remove her headscarf.
Any overt religious symbols - headscarves, Jewish skullcaps or Sikh turbans for example - are banned from French state schools, which operate on strictly secular lines.
But the Court of Cassation ruled that this principle could not be applied to the woman's case because she was employed by a private crèche, or day nursery, meaning her civil right to express her religious faith prevailed.
Interior Minister Manuel Valls told parliament that the court's ruling was regrettable on the grounds that it "calls into question the principle of secular education."
The woman, who had just returned to work after a five-year break to bring up her children, was sacked in December 2008 after refusing to remove her scarf when told to by the management of the "Baby Wolf" crèche in Chanteloup-les-Vignes to the west of Paris.
The crèche had defended the dismissal on the basis of its own internal rules which required employees to be neutral in matters of philosophy, politics and faith.
France has since banned the wearing of niqabs - veils which cover the full face - in public but that controversial legislation would have had no bearing on this case.
Last Update: Tuesday, 19 March 2013 KSA 19:04 - GMT 16:04


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Institutional Plan | Job Placement Information | Teacher Reporting Requirements | Immunizations | Complaints & Grievances | Campus Security | Graduation Rate & Student Profile | Substance Free Policy | Institutional Information | Financial Assistance Info | Accreditation & Licensure
Belmont University wants to ensure all students have a positive educational experience, are treated fairly and courteously by University employees, and are provided an outlet to address circumstances that concern them.
Any student who believes he or she has been treated inappropriately or unfairly by a university employee or process may seek resolution through the Dean of Students office. The Associate Provost and Dean of Students serves as the primary coordinator of response and support to students with concerns or those in crisis. Students may file a formal complaint by emailing deanofstudents@belmont.edu describing the treatment, action or decision at issue and the remedy sought.
Complaints will be investigated or referred to other university offices as necessary. Because the university already has identified several mechanisms for dispute resolution (e.g. the Grade Appeal process), students who contact the dean of students's office may be redirected to established channels or the dean of an academic college if these have not already been engaged. A written response regarding the issue will be sent to the student who initiated the complaint within 30 days.
Complaint Procedures in the State of Tennessee
To the extent possible, students should seek a resolution of all matters through the institution's complaint procedure before involving others. However, the student has the right to contact the state of Tennessee and its appropriate agency to determine the course of action. Complaints may be filed with the following agencies in Tennessee:
Complaints related to the application of state laws or rules related to the approval to operate or licensure of a particular professional program within a postsecondary institution may be referred to the appropriate agency (e.g., State Board of Education, Department of Health, and so on) within the Tennessee State Government and may be reviewed and handled by that licensing agency. Contact information may be found by searching for the appropriate division at http://www.tn.gov.
Complaints related to state consumer protection laws (i.e., laws related to fraud or false advertising) may be referred to the Tennessee Division of Consumer Affairs and may be reviewed and handled by that Unit. Contact information for the Consumer Affairs Division may be found at http://www.tn.gov/commerce/section/consumer-affairs.
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Complaints regarding noncompliance with accreditation standards, policies, and procedures may be made by contacting the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, GA 30033-4097, telephone: 404-679-4500.


This guide showcases the best of the island with details of all the sights included in tour operators' itineraries; trips along the Route Nationale 7, around Nosy Be, days trips around Antananarivo, and tours to the east and southwest of the country. Detailed maps include 'the top spots' - the six places most favoured by tour operators, and a birders' map identifies the island's key locations to spot birds. An authoritative chapter on conservation discusses many of the islands projects and outlines how visitors can help. With full colour photographs throughout, this handy book also acts as a field guide to lemurs, chameleons and a host of other exotic plants and animals.
Daniel Austin is a naturalist and photographer who spent more than a year exploring Madagascar. Hilary Bradt is founder of Bradt Travel Guides and has visited Madagascar more than 30 times as a tour leader.


Elliot works in the area of algorithms and theoretical computer science, especially on issues at the intersection of Economics and Computation. His research interests include algorithms for large decentralized networks, including networks with strategic agents. Particular interests include: network formation, networked markets, algorithmic game theory, local and decentralized routing algorithms, approximation algorithms, graph algorithms, and information propagation in both social and computer networks. Elliot has been a faculty member of the RPI CS department since 2006.
Ph.D. Computer Science, Cornell University, 2005. B.S. Computer Science, Rice University, 2000.


The Nature's Metal Leaves Tabletop Fountain is a great choice for any indoor or outdoor location. The unique round basin features stems of leaves that allow water to dance from level to level.
Measures 6 inches Wide x 7 inches Deep x 14 inches Tall. Weighs 4 lbs.
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Measures 17 inches Wide x 23 inches Deep x 36 inches Tall. Weighs 36 lbs.
The Wooden Log Waterfallships via UPS and will ship within 3 to 5 business days from order date.
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This fountain is normally delivered within 6-7 weeks of placing your order.
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This fountain adds the graceful serenity of the patron saint of animals to your balcony, deck, or patio.


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